{"id": "enwiki-00072636-0000-0000", "contents": "1955 Chicago Cubs season\nThe 1955 Chicago Cubs season was the 84th season of the Chicago Cubs franchise, the 80th in the National League and the 40th at Wrigley Field. The Cubs finished sixth in the National League with a record of 72\u201381.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [24, 24], "content_span": [25, 238]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072636-0001-0000", "contents": "1955 Chicago Cubs season, Player stats, Batting, Starters by position\nNote: Pos = Position; G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 69], "content_span": [70, 194]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072636-0002-0000", "contents": "1955 Chicago Cubs season, Player stats, Batting, Other batters\nNote: G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 62], "content_span": [63, 171]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072636-0003-0000", "contents": "1955 Chicago Cubs season, Player stats, Pitching, Starting pitchers\nNote: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 67], "content_span": [68, 178]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072636-0004-0000", "contents": "1955 Chicago Cubs season, Player stats, Pitching, Other pitchers\nNote: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 64], "content_span": [65, 175]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072636-0005-0000", "contents": "1955 Chicago Cubs season, Player stats, Pitching, Relief pitchers\nNote: G = Games pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; SV = Saves; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 65], "content_span": [66, 166]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072636-0006-0000", "contents": "1955 Chicago Cubs season, Farm system\nGainesville franchise transferred to Ponca City and renamed, May 19, 1955", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 37], "content_span": [38, 111]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072637-0000-0000", "contents": "1955 Chicago White Sox season\nThe 1955 Chicago White Sox season was the team's 55th season in the major leagues, and its 56th season overall. They finished with a record 91\u201363, good enough for third place in the American League, 5 games behind the first place New York Yankees.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [29, 29], "content_span": [30, 277]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072637-0001-0000", "contents": "1955 Chicago White Sox season, Player stats, Batting\nNote: G = Games played; AB = At Bats; R = Runs scored; H = Hits; 2B = Doubles; 3B = Triples; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in; BB = Base on balls; SO = Strikeouts; AVG = Batting average; SB = Stolen bases", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 52], "content_span": [53, 261]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072637-0002-0000", "contents": "1955 Chicago White Sox season, Player stats, Pitching\nNote: W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; G = Games pitched; GS = Games started; SV = Saves; IP = Innings pitched; H = Hits allowed; R = Runs allowed; ER = Earned runs allowed; HR = Home runs allowed; BB = Walks allowed; K = Strikeouts", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 53], "content_span": [54, 301]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072638-0000-0000", "contents": "1955 Chicago mayoral election\nIn the Chicago mayoral election of 1955, Richard J. Daley was elected to his first term as mayor by a ten-point margin.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [29, 29], "content_span": [30, 149]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072638-0001-0000", "contents": "1955 Chicago mayoral election\nThis was the narrowest margin of victory of any of Daley's mayoral races.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [29, 29], "content_span": [30, 103]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072638-0002-0000", "contents": "1955 Chicago mayoral election, Background\nDemocrats had won all citywide elections since 1931. During the countywide elections of November 1954, Republicans were handed a heavy defeat. Since the municipal elections would exclude the Republican party's suburban bastions of support (many of which partook in the Cook County elections), it was expected that Republicans would do even worse in the municipal elections. Among the Democrats which had won election in 1954 was Richard J. Daley, who was elected Cook County Clerk with a 390,000 plurality.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 41], "content_span": [42, 548]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072638-0003-0000", "contents": "1955 Chicago mayoral election, Background\nIncumbent Democratic mayor Martin H. Kennelly had some challenges heading into the election. He saw disapproval among both white and black citizens for his handling of the city's rising racial tensions. His distance from organized labor and his push for civil service reform had earned strong disapproval from many in the Democratic Party organization. In addition, the ambitious Richard J. Daley had been elected the new Chairman of the Cook County Democratic Party.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 41], "content_span": [42, 509]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072638-0004-0000", "contents": "1955 Chicago mayoral election, Nominations, Democratic primary\nDaley defeated incumbent mayor Martin H. Kennelly and State Representative Benjamin S. Adamowski in the Democratic primary.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 62], "content_span": [63, 186]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072638-0005-0000", "contents": "1955 Chicago mayoral election, Nominations, Democratic primary\nKennelly announced on December 1, 1954 that he would seek reelection. His campaign would be managed by Frank Keenan.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 62], "content_span": [63, 179]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072638-0006-0000", "contents": "1955 Chicago mayoral election, Nominations, Democratic primary\nDaley, the new Cook County Democratic Party chairman, refused Kennelly the party's endorsement, and instead ran against Kennelly in the primary, taking the party's endorsement for himself. One reason for this was that Daley and others anticipated that likely Republican nominee Robert Merriam would be a strong candidate, and believed that Kennelly might be too weak to defeat him. Additionally, Kennelly had lost support of segments of the city's African American electorate due to his failure to address crime and reform the city's police department. The Democratic establishment also feared that Kennelly would disassemble the city's patronage system. Kennelly was also blamed by many Democrats for failing to quell disputes within the party which had led to an underperformance of the party in the previous aldermanic election.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 62], "content_span": [63, 894]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072638-0007-0000", "contents": "1955 Chicago mayoral election, Nominations, Democratic primary\nAdamowski was formerly a political ally of Daley. Adamowski framed his candidacy as opposing the political machine. He had been hoping that Kenelly would ultimately withdraw from the race, leaving the race an effectively two-man campaign between him and Daley. Adamowski was then counting on the anti-machine vote compounded with his popularity among the city's sizable Polish electorate to possibly secure him a victory over Daley.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 62], "content_span": [63, 495]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072638-0008-0000", "contents": "1955 Chicago mayoral election, Nominations, Democratic primary\nIn the backdrop, during the lead up to the primary election, was racial tensions at the Trumbull Park Homes, operated by the Chicago Housing Authority. White residents violently protested the presence of number of black families in the housing project. The CHA consequently \"froze\" the number of black families it would allow to live in the project, but this did little to quell the protests. Kennelly did not intervene. This massively turned black voters against Kennelly's candidacy.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 62], "content_span": [63, 548]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072638-0009-0000", "contents": "1955 Chicago mayoral election, Nominations, Democratic primary\nWith dwindling prospects of receiving the black vote, Kennelly made a miscalculation and attempted to receive white backlash votes. He utilized racial stereotypes in his campaign, and made blatant attempts at race baiting. Attempting to use William L. Dawson as a boogeyman, he claimed that Dawson was the one who \"pushed the controls in the 'Dump Kennelly project\". Daily news outlets echoed his accusations. African American press outlets such as The Chicago Defender strongly criticized Kennelly's tactics. Kennelly's racist campaign ultimately drove strong African-American support for Daley's candidacy, as black voters were now driven to kick Kennelly out of office.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 62], "content_span": [63, 735]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072638-0010-0000", "contents": "1955 Chicago mayoral election, Nominations, Democratic primary\nWithout machine backing, Kennelly framed his campaign as a fight of, \"the people against the bosses\", arguing that he had won the opposition of the machine due to his attempts at civil service reform challenging the patronage system. Kenelly's anti-machine positioning became rather opportune when a scandal broke with reports that Alderman Benjamin Becker, the machine's slated candidate City Clerk had been receiving kickbacks from zoning case revenue from an attorney that was a former 40th Ward machine operative.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 62], "content_span": [63, 580]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072638-0011-0000", "contents": "1955 Chicago mayoral election, Nominations, Democratic primary\nKenelly thought he could beat Daley's machine organizing with use of television commercials.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 62], "content_span": [63, 155]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072638-0012-0000", "contents": "1955 Chicago mayoral election, Nominations, Democratic primary\nDaley's campaign, being backed by the Democratic machine, were run out of their base in the Morrison Hotel. Daley's campaign focused on coordinating efforts and assisting the ward organizations that would turn out voters on Election Day. Daley spent little time campaigning before the general electorate or proposing policy on hot-button issues, and most of his candidacy focused on machine oiling the gears of the machine, appearing mostly before machine workers and ward organizations rather than before the general electorate.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 62], "content_span": [63, 592]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072638-0012-0001", "contents": "1955 Chicago mayoral election, Nominations, Democratic primary\nLuncheons and rallies were held for precinct captains at the large downtown hotels and at numerous civic centers across the city. On Valentine's Day of 1955, Daley spoke before an audience of nearly 5,000 machine workers jammed into the Civic Opera House. In his speeches before machine workers and leaders, Daley exalted the machine.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 62], "content_span": [63, 397]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072638-0013-0000", "contents": "1955 Chicago mayoral election, Nominations, Democratic primary\nDaley's camp was able to get many government workers, beneficiaries of patronage and concerned about their jobs in light of Kennelly's plans for civil service reform, to strongly back Daley's candidacy.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 62], "content_span": [63, 265]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072638-0014-0000", "contents": "1955 Chicago mayoral election, Nominations, Democratic primary\nDaley's supporters used some threats of violence in their coercion of support.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 62], "content_span": [63, 141]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072638-0015-0000", "contents": "1955 Chicago mayoral election, Nominations, Democratic primary\nDaley's operations were well-funded by the machine. Much of the nefariously obtained \"juice money\" the machine had raked in went to support get-out-the-vote efforts for Daley. Additionally, they were able to extract financial backing from companies that did business with the city and the county, which were concerned about securing their government contracts.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 62], "content_span": [63, 423]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072638-0016-0000", "contents": "1955 Chicago mayoral election, Nominations, Democratic primary\nTo combat any anti-machine sentiments, Daley sought to associate himself with individuals that would give him an appearance of being a reform candidate. He had a lawyer that had been an important backer of Paul Douglas's 1948 US Senate campaign to head the \"Volunteers for Daley\" committee that was to attract non-machine Democrats to Daley's candidacy.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 62], "content_span": [63, 416]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072638-0017-0000", "contents": "1955 Chicago mayoral election, Nominations, Democratic primary\nDaley tried to frame the division in the city as not being machine vs. reformers, but rather business elites vs. blue collar neighborhoods. His supporters, portraying Kennelly as a strong elite, even attempted to portray machine boss Daley as a sort of working-class underdog. Daley also received backing from fraternal organizations and the city's major labor unions. This trade union backing further strengthened Daley's working-class bonafides.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 62], "content_span": [63, 510]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072638-0018-0000", "contents": "1955 Chicago mayoral election, Nominations, Democratic primary\nDaley was not above the selective use of dog whistles. On one occasion. speaking before a largely white group of 7,500 United Packinghouse Workers of America Workers on February 17, 1955, Daley said that the Chicago Police Department should \"not be used to advance the interests of any one group over another\", which was a dog whistle for meaning that he did not support the role of police integrating Trumbull Park.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 62], "content_span": [63, 479]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072638-0019-0000", "contents": "1955 Chicago mayoral election, Nominations, Democratic primary\nBoth Kennelly and Adamowski sought to illustrate a dark future if Daley were elected.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 62], "content_span": [63, 148]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072638-0020-0000", "contents": "1955 Chicago mayoral election, Nominations, Democratic primary\nTowards the end of the campaign, opinion polling showed Kenelly leading by a significant margin. A Chicago Tribune poll showed almost 57% of 104 respondents backing Kennelly and only 33% backing Daley. Kenelly's camp was tooting their horn at signs that the support lay with their candidate. Kennelly's camp was hoping for high turnout, especially since the primary fell on the bank and school holiday of Washington's Birthday. His camp believed that a turnout above 900,000 would secure him reelection.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 62], "content_span": [63, 566]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072638-0021-0000", "contents": "1955 Chicago mayoral election, Nominations, Republican primary\nRobert E. Merriam won the Republican Party nomination. Merriam was a land developer who had been elected twice to the Chicago City Council as an independent Democrat, receiving sizable Republican support both times. In order to capture the party's mayoral nomination, Merriam changed his affiliation to Republican. Merriam was a liberal. Merriam's own father had been the Republican nominee in Chicago's 1911 mayoral election, and had also unsuccessfully sought the Republican nomination in 1919.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 62], "content_span": [63, 559]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072638-0021-0001", "contents": "1955 Chicago mayoral election, Nominations, Republican primary\nIn City Council, Merriam had been the leader of a reformer group dubbed the \"economy bloc\" due to their skepticism to wasteful spending by the machine of city dollars. He was also the chairman of the City Council's crime committee, and the host of the television show named Spotlight on Chicago, both of which had earned him anti-crime bonafides. He was seen as a handsome, charismatic, and articulate candidate.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 62], "content_span": [63, 475]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072638-0022-0000", "contents": "1955 Chicago mayoral election, Nominations, Republican primary\nHe was not unanimously backed by Republicans, with many ward bosses not wanting to hand the nomination to an individual they did not personally consider to be a true Republican. However, he received the strong backing of governor William Stratton.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 62], "content_span": [63, 310]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072638-0023-0000", "contents": "1955 Chicago mayoral election, General election\nMerriam had hoped that the contested Democratic primary would create enough discord in the Democratic party that its electorate might fracture, giving room for a Republican victory.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 47], "content_span": [48, 229]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072638-0024-0000", "contents": "1955 Chicago mayoral election, General election\nThe city's three largest newspapers, the Chicago Tribune, Chicago Sun-Times, and Chicago Daily News all endorsed him. While Merriam did receive the endorsement of the Chicago Tribune, the city's leading Republican newspaper was not enthusiastic about him, viewing him as a fake-Republican. The city's fourth-largest daily newspaper, the Chicago Herald-American, endorsed Daley. It was reported that the Democratic machine had brokered a deal with the ailing Herald-American where their precinct captains would sell subscriptions to the newspapers in exchange for their endorsing Daley.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 47], "content_span": [48, 633]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072638-0025-0000", "contents": "1955 Chicago mayoral election, General election\nThree of the city's four daily newspapers cast very negative coverage on the Democrats during the campaign. The Republicans also laid strong criticism of the Democratic Party. This caused the Democratic Party to alter its plans, which were to run a minimal public campaign, and run a more visible unified Democratic campaign for municipal offices.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 47], "content_span": [48, 395]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072638-0026-0000", "contents": "1955 Chicago mayoral election, General election\nThere was thought given to the possibility that Kennelly might endorse Merriam to help sabotage Daley's prospects. However, Democratic machine operatives were able to convince Kennelly that Merriam had sought to have him indicted during earlier criminal investigations. Kennelly ultimately disbelieved Merriam's denial of these claims, and opted against endorsing either candidate. Adamowski also declined to endorse Merriam.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 47], "content_span": [48, 473]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072638-0027-0000", "contents": "1955 Chicago mayoral election, General election\nDaley and Merriam had contrasting personalities. Merriam had a polished and refined speaking style, while Daley had a thick ethnic Chicago accent and a more brash and clumsy speaking style. Merriam had an image of an intellectual, while Daley had a more working-class image and appeal.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 47], "content_span": [48, 333]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072638-0028-0000", "contents": "1955 Chicago mayoral election, General election\nIn the heavily Democratic city of Chicago, Daley regularly reminded voters of his and Merriam's party affiliations during the campaign. He also mocked Merriam for being neither a loyal Democrat nor loyal Republican, accusing him of trying to convince Democrats he was not a Republican and Republicans that he was not a Democrat, and remarking at a debate, \"I can't think of anything more difficult than trying to mate an elephant with a donkey\" (referring to the Republican elephant mascot and Democratic donkey mascot).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 47], "content_span": [48, 568]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072638-0029-0000", "contents": "1955 Chicago mayoral election, General election\nMerriam sought to get those who voted for Kennelly and Adamowski in the party primaries to cross party-lines, trying to persuade them that his politics were a natural landing ground for supporters of the anti-machine candidates. To attract Kennelly supporters, he pledged that, if elected mayor, he would reappoint Kennelly's Civil Service Commission chairman, an appointee of Kennely's who had received the animus of the Democratic machine.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 47], "content_span": [48, 489]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072638-0030-0000", "contents": "1955 Chicago mayoral election, General election\nThe Independent Voters of Illinois, a typically Democratic-leaning organization, endorsed Merriam.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 47], "content_span": [48, 146]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072638-0031-0000", "contents": "1955 Chicago mayoral election, General election\nIssues were not a heavy focus in the campaign. Daley only campaigned on mere platitudes and vague stances. Merriam, on the other hand, offered specific and creative solutions. For instance, to improve transit, Merriam proposed replacing the elevated tracks of The Loop with a subway system and offering transfers  between commuter train lines and the city's bus system.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 47], "content_span": [48, 417]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072638-0032-0000", "contents": "1955 Chicago mayoral election, General election\nDaley attempted to appeal to black voters as someone who supported their civil rights struggle without scaring-off white voters by taking too strong and concrete a stance on such matters. These efforts appeared to pay off. The leading African-American newspaper, The Chicago Defender, endorsed Daley. However, he was also endorsed by the vehemently anti-integration South Deering Improvement Association.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 47], "content_span": [48, 452]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072638-0033-0000", "contents": "1955 Chicago mayoral election, General election\nThe Democratic machine used some underhanded tactics to hamper Merriam's support. For instance, in the city's working class white Bungalow Belt, it circulated letters claiming praise of Merriam from the made-up \"American Negro Civic Association\". The also spread rumors in the same neighborhoods that Merriam's wife was black. To hamper his appeal to Catholic voters, they circulated copies of Merriam's divorce papers. In a television appearance on behalf of Daley, Thomas E. Keane praised Daley's family unit by remarking that, \"Daley has seven children and they are all his own,\" reminding viewers that Merriam, who was divorced and remarried, was raising two children his wife had had from her own previous marriage.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 47], "content_span": [48, 768]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072638-0034-0000", "contents": "1955 Chicago mayoral election, General election\nDaley continued to have the support of trade unions in the general election.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 47], "content_span": [48, 124]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072638-0035-0000", "contents": "1955 Chicago mayoral election, General election\nDaley continued his strategy used in the primary of receiving the backing of reform Democrats to deflect criticisms of his machine involvement. In the general election he received the endorsement of 1952 Democratic presidential nominee and former Illinois governor Adlai Stevenson II. In turn, Daley quickly endorsed Stevenson for president in the forthcoming 1956 election.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 47], "content_span": [48, 422]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072638-0036-0000", "contents": "1955 Chicago mayoral election, General election\nMerriam sought to illustrate a dark future if Daley were elected. He presented an image of an era of corruption if Daley won.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 47], "content_span": [48, 173]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072638-0037-0000", "contents": "1955 Chicago mayoral election, General election\nAfter the Chicago Bar Association brought charges against Benjamin Becker, Daley had him removed from the ticket, and John Marcin, previously the nominee for City Treasurer, take his place as City Clerk nominee (and had Morris B. Sachs become City Treasurer nominee).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 47], "content_span": [48, 315]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072638-0038-0000", "contents": "1955 Chicago mayoral election, General election\nDaley and the Democratic machine had a vast financial advantage over Merriam's campaign.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 47], "content_span": [48, 136]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072638-0039-0000", "contents": "1955 Chicago mayoral election, General election, Results\nDaley's victory can be, in large part, credited to strong support from the city's African American voters. Approximately 20% of the city's voters were African American. Merriam's failure can, likewise, be largely credited to his failure to capture enough of the African American electorate.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 56], "content_span": [57, 347]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072638-0040-0000", "contents": "1955 Chicago mayoral election, General election, Results\nDaley's win was the narrowest victory in a Chicago mayoral race in over a decade.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 56], "content_span": [57, 138]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072639-0000-0000", "contents": "1955 Chico State Wildcats football team\nThe 1955 Chico State Wildcats football team represented Chico State College during the 1955 college football season. Chico State competed in the Far Western Conference in 1955. They played home games at Chico High School in Chico, California.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [39, 39], "content_span": [40, 282]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072639-0001-0000", "contents": "1955 Chico State Wildcats football team\nThe 1955 Wildcats were led by second-year head coach Gus Manolis. Chico State finished the season with a record of seven wins and two losses (7\u20132, 5\u20130 FWC). The Wildcats outscored their opponents 194\u2013108 for the season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [39, 39], "content_span": [40, 259]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072639-0002-0000", "contents": "1955 Chico State Wildcats football team, Team players in the NFL\nNo Chico State players were selected in the 1956 NFL Draft.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 64], "content_span": [65, 124]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072640-0000-0000", "contents": "1955 Cincinnati Bearcats football team\nThe 1955 Cincinnati Bearcats football team was an American football team that represented the University of Cincinnati as an independent during the 1955 college football season. In their first year under head coach George Blackburn, the Bearcats compiled a 1\u20136\u20132 and were outscored by a total of 199 to 97.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [38, 38], "content_span": [39, 345]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072641-0000-0000", "contents": "1955 Cincinnati Redlegs season\nThe 1955 Cincinnati Redlegs season was a season in American baseball. It consisted of the Redlegs finishing in fifth place in the National League, with a record of 75\u201379, 23\u00bd games behind the NL and World Series Champion Brooklyn Dodgers. The Redlegs were managed by Birdie Tebbetts and played their home games at Crosley Field.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [30, 30], "content_span": [31, 359]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072641-0001-0000", "contents": "1955 Cincinnati Redlegs season, Player stats, Batting, Starters by position\nNote: Pos = Position; G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 75], "content_span": [76, 200]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072641-0002-0000", "contents": "1955 Cincinnati Redlegs season, Player stats, Batting, Other batters\nNote: G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 68], "content_span": [69, 177]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072641-0003-0000", "contents": "1955 Cincinnati Redlegs season, Player stats, Pitching, Starting pitchers\nNote: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 73], "content_span": [74, 184]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072641-0004-0000", "contents": "1955 Cincinnati Redlegs season, Player stats, Pitching, Other pitchers\nNote: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 70], "content_span": [71, 181]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072641-0005-0000", "contents": "1955 Cincinnati Redlegs season, Player stats, Pitching, Relief pitchers\nNote: G = Games pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; SV = Saves; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 71], "content_span": [72, 172]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072642-0000-0000", "contents": "1955 Cincinnati mid-air collision\nThe 1955 Cincinnati mid-air collision occurred on January 12, 1955, when a Trans World Airlines Martin 2-0-2 on takeoff from Boone County Airport (now the Cincinnati/Northern Kentucky International Airport) collided in mid-air with a privately owned Douglas DC-3 that had entered the airport's control space without proper clearance. None of the occupants of either plane survived the collision.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [33, 33], "content_span": [34, 429]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072642-0001-0000", "contents": "1955 Cincinnati mid-air collision, Aircraft and crews\nThe TWA plane, flown by Captain J. W. Quinn and co-pilot Robert K. Childress, with air hostess (flight attendant) Patricia Ann Stermer, was a regularly scheduled flight bound for Dayton, Ohio, en route to Cleveland. Ten passengers were aboard.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 53], "content_span": [54, 297]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072642-0002-0000", "contents": "1955 Cincinnati mid-air collision, Aircraft and crews\nThe DC-3 was piloted by Arthur \"Slim\" Werkhaven of Sturgis, Michigan, with co-pilot Edward Agner of Battle Creek, Michigan, and was being flown from Battle Creek en route to Lexington, Kentucky. They were to pick up Mr. and Mrs. Fredrick Van Lennep. Mrs. Van Lennep, the former Frances Dodge, was an officer of the firm that owned the plane and founded the Dodge Stables at Meadow Brook Farm, later moving Dodge Stables to Castleton Farm in Lexington. The plane would have carried the Van Lenneps to Delray Beach, Florida.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 53], "content_span": [54, 576]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072642-0003-0000", "contents": "1955 Cincinnati mid-air collision, Collision and crash\nThe Martin 2-0-2A had just taken off from the airport on Runway 22 and was climbing in a right turn through a cloud base at 700\u2013900 ft when the collision occurred about 9:00\u00a0am. The DC-3 was en route from Michigan flying VFR heading roughly south towards Lexington. The right wing of the Martin 2-0-2 struck the left wing of the DC-3, which caused the right wing of the Martin to separate and the DC-3 experienced fuselage, rudder, and fin damage. Following the collision, both aircraft crashed out of control, hitting the ground about two miles apart. The wreckage of one of the aircraft fell along Hebron-Limaburg Road, two miles northeast of Burlington, Kentucky. The crash had no survivors from either aircraft.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 54], "content_span": [55, 770]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072642-0004-0000", "contents": "1955 Cincinnati mid-air collision, Aftermath\nThe control tower, operated by the Civil Aeronautics Authority (CAA), reported that it had no record of a flight plan for either aircraft. A CAA spokesman said that radio messages from the TWA plane shortly after takeoff indicated the pilot was \"alarmed and excited\". The spokesman also said the pilot was cleared for takeoff and to make a right turn out.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 44], "content_span": [45, 400]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072642-0005-0000", "contents": "1955 Cincinnati mid-air collision, Aftermath\nTWA later filed a $2 million damage suit against the Castleton Corporation of Kentucky.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 44], "content_span": [45, 132]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072642-0006-0000", "contents": "1955 Cincinnati mid-air collision, Aftermath\nThe probable cause was determined to be operating the  DC-3 in a controlled zone with unknown traffic, i.e. no clearance received and no communication with the airport tower.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 44], "content_span": [45, 219]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072643-0000-0000", "contents": "1955 Clarence state by-election\nA by-election was held for the New South Wales Legislative Assembly electorate of Clarence on 26 March 1955 following the death of Cecil Wingfield (Country). All three candidates were endorsed by the Country Party", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [31, 31], "content_span": [32, 245]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072644-0000-0000", "contents": "1955 Claxton Shield\nThe 1955 Claxton Shield was the 16th annual Claxton Shield, and was held in Sydney. The participants were hosts New South Wales, Queensland, South Australia, defending champions Victoria and Western Australia. The series was won by the New South Wales for their eighth Shield title.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [19, 19], "content_span": [20, 302]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072645-0000-0000", "contents": "1955 Clemson Tigers football team\nThe 1955 Clemson Tigers football team was an American football team that represented Clemson College in the Atlantic Coast Conference (ACC) during the 1955 college football season. In its 16th season under head coach Frank Howard, the team compiled a 7\u20133 record (3\u20131 against conference opponents), finished third in the ACC, and outscored opponents by a total of 206 to 144. The team played its home games at Memorial Stadium in Clemson, South Carolina.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [33, 33], "content_span": [34, 487]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072645-0001-0000", "contents": "1955 Clemson Tigers football team\nQuarterback Don King was the team captain. The team's statistical leaders included Don King with 586 passing yards, halfback Joel Wells with 782 rushing yards, and halfback Joe Pagliei with 43 points (7 touchdowns, 1 extra point).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [33, 33], "content_span": [34, 264]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072645-0002-0000", "contents": "1955 Clemson Tigers football team\nJoel Wells was selected by both the Associated Press and United Press as a first-team player on the 1955 All-Atlantic Coast Conference football team. Six Clemson players were also named to the 1955 All-South Carolina football team: Wells, back Billy O'Dell, end Willie Smith, tackle Dick Marazza, guard John Grdijan, and center Wingo Avery.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [33, 33], "content_span": [34, 374]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072646-0000-0000", "contents": "1955 Cleveland Browns season\nThe 1955 Cleveland Browns season was the team's sixth season with the National Football League. The Browns' defense became the first defense in the history of the NFL to lead the league in fewest points allowed and fewest total yards allowed for two consecutive seasons.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [28, 28], "content_span": [29, 299]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072646-0001-0000", "contents": "1955 Cleveland Browns season\nThe defending NFL champion Browns were 9\u20132\u20131 in the regular season and won the Eastern Conference. They played in the NFL Championship Game for the sixth consecutive year, and repeated as champion with a 38\u201314 win over the Rams in Los Angeles.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [28, 28], "content_span": [29, 272]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072646-0002-0000", "contents": "1955 Cleveland Browns season, Season summary\nThe 1955 season began in rough fashion for the Browns, with the defending world champions losing 27\u201317 at home in the opener to the Washington Redskins, who had their best season in a decade by finishing second in the Eastern Conference at 8\u20134. But once hall of fame quarterback Otto Graham got back on track, so did the Browns.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 44], "content_span": [45, 373]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072646-0002-0001", "contents": "1955 Cleveland Browns season, Season summary\nWith Graham, who had been lured out of retirement when the team experienced problems at that position in training camp, leading the way, the Browns then went on to win six in a row and nine of their last 11 to finish 9\u20132\u20131 and capture their sixth consecutive conference title. The Browns then blasted the host Los Angeles Rams 38\u201314 in the league title game, after which Graham retired again \u2013 this time for good, ending the club's remarkable first decade of existence in which it played in the league championship contest all 10 times and won seven crowns.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 44], "content_span": [45, 602]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072646-0003-0000", "contents": "1955 Cleveland Browns season, Season summary\nThe Browns really caught fire offensively in the last five games. Including the title contest, they averaged 37.8 points per outing during that span, in which they won four times and played to a 35\u201335 tie with the New York Giants. Also, earlier in the year, they won the important road rematch with the Redskins, 24\u201314.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 44], "content_span": [45, 364]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072646-0004-0000", "contents": "1955 Cleveland Browns season, Season summary\nOn the season, Graham threw for 15 touchdowns with just eight interceptions for a 94.0 quarterback rating, the second-best mark of his six-year NFL career. The Browns had three receivers with 29 or more catches, combining for 18 TDs. Pete Brewster was tops in receptions with 34, with Ray Renfro leading the way in scores with eight. Also, the Browns had something they hadn't had since their first year in the NFL\u2014that is, a big-yardage running back. Fred \"Curly\" Morrison rushed for 824 yards, the most by a Brown since the team joined the league in 1950, when hall of famer Marion Motley had 810 yards.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 44], "content_span": [45, 650]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072646-0005-0000", "contents": "1955 Cleveland Browns season, Regular season, Standings\nNote: Tie games were not officially counted in the standings until 1972.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 55], "content_span": [56, 128]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072647-0000-0000", "contents": "1955 Cleveland Indians season, Player stats, Batting, Starters by position\nNote: Pos = Position; G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 74], "content_span": [75, 199]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072647-0001-0000", "contents": "1955 Cleveland Indians season, Player stats, Batting, Other batters\nNote: G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 67], "content_span": [68, 176]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072647-0002-0000", "contents": "1955 Cleveland Indians season, Player stats, Pitching, Starting pitchers\nNote: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 72], "content_span": [73, 183]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072647-0003-0000", "contents": "1955 Cleveland Indians season, Player stats, Pitching, Other pitchers\nNote: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 69], "content_span": [70, 180]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072647-0004-0000", "contents": "1955 Cleveland Indians season, Player stats, Pitching, Relief pitchers\nNote: G = Games pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; SV = Saves; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 70], "content_span": [71, 171]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072648-0000-0000", "contents": "1955 Colgate Red Raiders baseball team\nThe 1955 Colgate Red Raiders baseball team is a baseball team that represented Colgate University in the 1955 NCAA baseball season. They were led by sixth-year head coach Red O'Hora. The Red Raiders qualified for the District 2 Tournament, where they would win a spot in the 1955 College World Series, where they finished fourth.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [38, 38], "content_span": [39, 368]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072649-0000-0000", "contents": "1955 Colgate Red Raiders football team\nThe 1955 Colgate Red Raiders football team was an American football team that represented Colgate University as an independent during the 1955 college football season. In its fourth season under head coach Hal Lahar, the team compiled a 6\u20133 record and outscored opponents by a total of 164 to 107. Francis Angeline was the team captain. The team played its home games at Colgate Athletic Field in Hamilton, New York.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [38, 38], "content_span": [39, 455]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072650-0000-0000", "contents": "1955 College Baseball All-America Team\nAn All-American team is an honorary sports team composed of the best amateur players of a specific season for each team position\u2014who in turn are given the honorific \"All-America\" and typically referred to as \"All-American athletes\", or simply \"All-Americans\". Although the honorees generally do not compete together as a unit, the term is used in U.S. team sports to refer to players who are selected by members of the national media. From 1947 to 1980, the American Baseball Coaches Association was the only All-American selector recognized by the NCAA.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [38, 38], "content_span": [39, 593]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072651-0000-0000", "contents": "1955 College Football All-America Team\nThe 1955 College Football All-America team is composed of college football players who were selected as All-Americans by various organizations and writers that chose College Football All-America Teams in 1955. The eight selectors recognized by the NCAA as \"official\" for the 1955 season are (1) the All-America Board (AAB), (2) the American Football Coaches Association (AFCA), (3) the Associated Press, (4) the Football Writers Association of America (FWAA), (5) the International News Service (INS), (6) the Newspaper Enterprise Association (NEA), (7) the Sporting News (SN), and (8) the United Press (UP).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [38, 38], "content_span": [39, 647]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072651-0001-0000", "contents": "1955 College Football All-America Team, Consensus All-Americans\nFor the year 1955, the NCAA recognizes eight published All-American teams as \"official\" designations for purposes of its consensus determinations. The following chart identifies the NCAA-recognized consensus All-Americans and displays which first-team designations they received.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 63], "content_span": [64, 343]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072652-0000-0000", "contents": "1955 Colorado A&M Aggies football team\nThe 1955 Colorado A&M Aggies football team represented Colorado State College of Agriculture and Mechanic Arts in the Skyline Conference during the 1955 college football season. In their ninth and final season under head coach Bob Davis, the Aggies compiled an 8\u20132 record (6\u20131 against Skyline opponents), won the conference championship, and outscored all opponents by a total of 175 to 108.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [38, 38], "content_span": [39, 430]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072652-0001-0000", "contents": "1955 Colorado A&M Aggies football team\nThree Colorado Agricultural players received all-conference honors in 1955: halfback Gary Glick, center Bob Weber, and guard Dan Mirich. Bob Davis was also named Skyline Conference Coach of the Year.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [38, 38], "content_span": [39, 238]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072652-0002-0000", "contents": "1955 Colorado A&M Aggies football team\nThe team's statistical leaders included Jerry Callahan with 302 passing yards, Gary Glick with 579 rushing yards and 48 points scored, and Gary Sanders with 351 receiving yards.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [38, 38], "content_span": [39, 216]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072652-0003-0000", "contents": "1955 Colorado A&M Aggies football team\nBob Davis resigned as Colorado A&M's head football coach in January 1956 in order to devote his full energy to his duties as the school's athletic director.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [38, 38], "content_span": [39, 195]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072653-0000-0000", "contents": "1955 Colorado Buffaloes football team\nThe 1955 Colorado Buffaloes football team was an American football team that represented the University of Colorado during the 1955 college football season. Head coach Dallas Ward led the team to a 3\u20133 mark in the \"Big 7\" and 6\u20134 overall.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [37, 37], "content_span": [38, 276]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072654-0000-0000", "contents": "1955 Colorado State Bears baseball team\nThe 1955 Colorado State Bears baseball team represented Colorado State College of Education in the 1955 NCAA baseball season. The Bears played their home games at Jackson Field. The team was coached by Pete Butler in his 13th year at Colorado State.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [39, 39], "content_span": [40, 289]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072654-0001-0000", "contents": "1955 Colorado State Bears baseball team\nThe Bears won the District VII playoff to advance to the College World Series, where they were defeated by the Arizona Wildcats.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [39, 39], "content_span": [40, 168]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072655-0000-0000", "contents": "1955 Columbia Lions football team\nThe 1955 Columbia Lions football team was an American football team that represented Columbia University as an independent during the 1955 college football season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [33, 33], "content_span": [34, 197]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072655-0001-0000", "contents": "1955 Columbia Lions football team\nIn their 26th season under head coach Lou Little, the Lions compiled a 1\u20138 record, and were outscored 251 to 74. Manfredo Bucci was the team captain.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [33, 33], "content_span": [34, 183]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072655-0002-0000", "contents": "1955 Columbia Lions football team\nThis would be Columbia's final year as a football independent, as the Ivy League, which Columbia had helped co-found in 1954, began football competition in 1956. Six of the nine opponents on Columbia's 1955 schedule were Ivy League members (with Penn the only Ivy not scheduled); for decades, (future) Ivy members had comprised a large portion of Columbia's opponents.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [33, 33], "content_span": [34, 402]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072655-0003-0000", "contents": "1955 Columbia Lions football team\nColumbia played its home games at Baker Field in Upper Manhattan, in New York City.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [33, 33], "content_span": [34, 117]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072656-0000-0000", "contents": "1955 Commonwealth Prime Ministers' Conference\nThe 1955 Commonwealth Prime Ministers' Conference was the seventh Meeting of the Heads of Government of the Commonwealth of Nations. It was held in the United Kingdom in January 1955 and was hosted by that country's Prime Minister, Sir Winston Churchill.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 45], "section_span": [45, 45], "content_span": [46, 300]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072656-0001-0000", "contents": "1955 Commonwealth Prime Ministers' Conference\nA sense of international crisis loomed over the conference which occurred during which the First Taiwan Strait Crisis as were other international developments such as the sudden resignation of Soviet Premier Georgy Malenkov and the fall of French prime minister Pierre Mend\u00e8s France, all of which were discussed. Atomic energy for peaceful purposes, disarmament, and trade and economic development in the Sterling area, and regional defence were also discussed, in particular the defence of South East Asia, the formation of SEATO and in particular the ongoing insurgency in Malaya.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 45], "section_span": [45, 45], "content_span": [46, 628]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072656-0002-0000", "contents": "1955 Commonwealth Prime Ministers' Conference\nPakistan informed the meeting that it was to become a republic and the meeting affirmed that Pakistan would be welcome to remain in the Commonwealth.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 45], "section_span": [45, 45], "content_span": [46, 195]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072657-0000-0000", "contents": "1955 Connecticut Huskies football team\nThe 1955 Connecticut Huskies football team represented the University of Connecticut in the 1955 college football season. The Huskies were led by fourth year head coach Bob Ingalls, and completed the season with a record of 4\u20134.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [38, 38], "content_span": [39, 267]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072658-0000-0000", "contents": "1955 Connecticut floods\nThe Flood of 1955 was one of the worst floods in Connecticut's history. Two back-to-back hurricanes saturated the land and several river valleys in the state, causing severe flooding in August 1955. The rivers most affected were the Mad River and Still River in Winsted, the Naugatuck River, the Farmington River, and the Quinebaug River. The towns that suffered much loss include Farmington, Putnam, Naugatuck, Waterbury, and Winsted. 87 people died during the flooding, and property damage across the state was estimated at more than $200 million, in 1955 figures. The floods prompted changes in safety measures, river monitoring, and zoning laws.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [23, 23], "content_span": [24, 673]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072658-0001-0000", "contents": "1955 Connecticut floods, Background, Causes\nThe flooding was caused by the rains from two hurricanes, Hurricane Connie and Hurricane Diane. On August 11, Hurricane Connie swept through the East Coast\u2014missing Connecticut, but bringing about 4 to 6\u00a0inches of rainfall to the state on August 13. Hurricane Diane came through the following week. The path of Hurricane Diane came closer to Connecticut, after soaking up waters from the Atlantic Ocean. Once the hurricane reached the coast of Long Island, it dumped an additional 13 to 20\u00a0inches of rain on Connecticut over a two-day period.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 43], "content_span": [44, 585]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072658-0001-0001", "contents": "1955 Connecticut floods, Background, Causes\nThe heavy rains on already-saturated ground made several rivers in the region begin to overflow. Massachusetts, New York, and Rhode Island experienced flooding, but Connecticut was hardest hit in New England. New Jersey, Delaware, and Pennsylvania were also hit by flooding caused by the two hurricanes. Two months later, another storm brought an additional 12 to 14\u00a0inches of rain to New England\u2014hitting some communities that had been affected by the August floods, and others that had escaped.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 43], "content_span": [44, 539]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072658-0002-0000", "contents": "1955 Connecticut floods, Flooding\nThe rains poured down for much of the day Thursday, August 18, starting at about 3:00 AM. By 11:00 PM, the Shepaug River and brooks in the western portion of the state had begun to overflow their banks. In Waterbury, the water reached an estimated 35 feet in places, and was reported to have moved at rates up to 50 miles per hour. While major rivers, such as the Connecticut River, had flood control measures in place, smaller rivers and brooks did not. That is where the major damage occurred. The Housatonic River in Western Connecticut reached 24.50 feet\u2014its highest levels until October 1955, when it again reached 24.50 feet. On noon of August 20, 1955, President Eisenhower declared Connecticut a \"major disaster area\".", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 33], "content_span": [34, 760]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072658-0003-0000", "contents": "1955 Connecticut floods, Rescue efforts\nPolice forces, volunteer firefighters, Connecticut National Guard members, the Coast Guard, and average citizens worked together to rescue people from their homes and other buildings where they became stranded. At 1:00 AM on August 19, as the water began rising over the banks of several rivers, Gov. Abraham Ribicoff mobilized the National Guard. More than 25 helicopters\u2014from the U.S. Navy and local companies like Sikorsky\u2014were used to rescue hundreds of people from rooftops and tree branches where they clung to life. The flood hit the Naugatuck river with such fury that as many as 500 people in the Waterbury area had to be rescued by helicopter.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 39], "content_span": [40, 693]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072658-0004-0000", "contents": "1955 Connecticut floods, Impact, Damage\nA Sunday-Herald reporter, who flew over the region the day after the floods, described the area as \"a staggering toll of death in a shroud of mud\". The death toll was 87 people\u2014including people who suffered heart attacks while being rescued.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 39], "content_span": [40, 281]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072658-0005-0000", "contents": "1955 Connecticut floods, Impact, Damage\nThe following damage figures were outlined in the state report three months after the flood:", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 39], "content_span": [40, 132]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072658-0006-0000", "contents": "1955 Connecticut floods, Impact, Damage\nIn New England, more than 200 dams suffered partial or total failure. More than 50 coffins floated away from a cemetery in Seymour. The state shipped in 300 temporary housing units from Groton, to help provide shelter for the newly homeless.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 39], "content_span": [40, 281]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072658-0007-0000", "contents": "1955 Connecticut floods, Impact, Changes\nThe floods prompted the United States Army Corps of Engineers to build $70 million worth of dams and flood walls along several Connecticut rivers. In 1960, the Army Corps built the Thomaston Dam. The Thomaston Dam on the Naugatuck River is one of the largest flood control measures erected by the Army Corps of Engineers. Following the building of the Thomaston Dam; the Corps built the Northfield Brook Dam, in 1965, and the Colebrook Dam, in 1969. Also Hop Brook dam in Naugatuck finished in 1968.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 40], "content_span": [41, 540]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072659-0000-0000", "contents": "1955 Constitution of Ethiopia\nEmperor Haile Selassie proclaimed a revised constitution in November 1955 of the Ethiopian Empire. This constitution was prompted, like its 1931 predecessor, by a concern with international opinion. Such opinion was particularly important at a time when some neighboring African states were rapidly advancing under European colonial influence and Ethiopia was pressing its claims internationally for the incorporation of Eritrea, where an elected parliament and more modern administration had existed since 1952.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [29, 29], "content_span": [30, 542]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072659-0001-0000", "contents": "1955 Constitution of Ethiopia\nThis constitution was suspended by the Derg in their Proclamation No. 1, which was broadcast 15 September 1974, three days after Emperor Haile Selassie was deposed.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [29, 29], "content_span": [30, 194]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072659-0002-0000", "contents": "1955 Constitution of Ethiopia, Overview\nThe new constitution consisted of eight chapters and 131 articles. This document was drawn up by three American advisors\u2014A.H. Garretson, John Spencer, and Edgar Burlington\u2014who worked with two leading figures of the restored monarchy, Wolde Giyorgis Wolde Yohannes and Aklilu Habte-Wold. After each session the two Ethiopian officials would then report to the Crown Council; according to Spencer, \"In many instances, the Crown Council, dominated by the extreme conservative, Ras Kassa, would veto our proposals and we would then seek some compromise formula. Progress was extremely slow.\"", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 39], "content_span": [40, 627]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072659-0003-0000", "contents": "1955 Constitution of Ethiopia, Overview\nWhile clearly \"not a mirror image\" of the U.S. Constitution, Edmond Keller notes it contained a number of ideas from that document, such as a separation of powers between three branches of government, and careful attention given to detailing the \"Rights and Duties of the People\", to which 28 articles were devoted.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 39], "content_span": [40, 355]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072659-0003-0001", "contents": "1955 Constitution of Ethiopia, Overview\nDespite this element, in his memoirs John Spencer lamented that the Crown Council forced the constitution's authors to stress the prerogatives of the crown, giving the emperor the right to rule by emergency decree, to appoint and dismiss ministers without input from the Ethiopian parliament, and to appoint members of the Senate, judges, and even the mayors of municipalities. Spencer also regretted that many of the rights were enjoyed \"subject to the law\"! Bahru Zewde stresses the nature of these executive powers in his discussion of this document, noting that it was \"a legal charter for the consolidation of absolutism.\" Bahru quotes the relevant section from Article 4 of the Constitution: \"By virtue of His Imperial Blood, as well as by the anointing which he has received, the person of the Emperor is sacred, His dignity is inviolable and His power indisputable.\"", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 39], "content_span": [40, 914]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072659-0004-0000", "contents": "1955 Constitution of Ethiopia, Overview\nDespite this strengthening of the Emperor's position, the purview of the bicameral Ethiopian parliament was expanded over the 1931 constitution. Although the Senate remained appointive, the Chamber of Deputies was elected. In contrast to the legislature under the 1931 Constitution which could only discuss matters referred to it, it now had the authority to propose laws and veto laws proposed by the executive. It could also summon ministers for questioning, and in extraordinary circumstances it could initiate impeachment proceedings against them. Keller believes its most significant new power was its budgetary function: parliament now had the responsibility of approving or rejecting all proposed budgets, including taxes and allocations.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 39], "content_span": [40, 785]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072659-0005-0000", "contents": "1955 Constitution of Ethiopia, Overview\nHowever, in John Turner's opinion, the absence of a census, the near total illiteracy of the population, and the domination of the countryside by the nobility meant that the majority of candidates who sought election in 1957 were in effect chosen by the elite. The Chamber of Deputies was not altogether a rubber stamp, at times discussing bills and questioning state ministers.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 39], "content_span": [40, 418]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072660-0000-0000", "contents": "1955 Cook by-election\nA by-election was held for the Australian House of Representatives seat of Cook on 21 May 1955. This was triggered by the death of Labor MP Tom Sheehan.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [21, 21], "content_span": [22, 174]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072660-0001-0000", "contents": "1955 Cook by-election\nThe by-election was won by Labor candidate Jim Cope. The governing Liberal Party did not nominate a candidate, which resulted in Cope receiving over 85% of the first preference vote.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [21, 21], "content_span": [22, 204]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072661-0000-0000", "contents": "1955 Copa del General\u00edsimo\nThe 1955 Copa del General\u00edsimo was the 53rd staging of the Spanish Cup. The competition began on 17 April 1955 and concluded on 5 June 1955 with the final.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [26, 26], "content_span": [27, 182]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072662-0000-0000", "contents": "1955 Copa del General\u00edsimo Final\nThe Copa del General\u00edsimo 1955 Final was the 53rd final of the King's Cup. The final was played at Estadio Chamart\u00edn in Madrid, on 5 June 1955, being won by Atl\u00e9tico de Bilbao, who beat Sevilla CF 1-0.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [32, 32], "content_span": [33, 234]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072663-0000-0000", "contents": "1955 Copa del General\u00edsimo Juvenil\nThe 1955 Copa del General\u00edsimo Juvenil was the fifth staging of the tournament. The competition began on May 1, 1955, and ended on June 5, 1955, with the final.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [34, 34], "content_span": [35, 195]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072664-0000-0000", "contents": "1955 Cork Intermediate Hurling Championship\nThe 1955 Cork Intermediate Hurling Championship was the 46th staging of the Cork Intermediate Hurling Championship since its establishment by the Cork County Board in 1909.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 43], "section_span": [43, 43], "content_span": [44, 216]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072664-0001-0000", "contents": "1955 Cork Intermediate Hurling Championship\nYoughal won the championship following a 4-06 to 2-05 defeat of Mallow in the final. This was their first ever championship title in the grade.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 43], "section_span": [43, 43], "content_span": [44, 187]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072665-0000-0000", "contents": "1955 Cork Senior Football Championship\nThe 1955 Cork Senior Football Championship was the 67th staging of the Cork Senior Football Championship since its establishment by the Cork County Board in 1887.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [38, 38], "content_span": [39, 201]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072665-0001-0000", "contents": "1955 Cork Senior Football Championship\nOn 23 October 1955, Lees won the championship following a 3-04 to 0-09 defeat of Macroom in the final at the Cork Athletic Grounds. This was their 12th and final championship title overall and their first title since 1923.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [38, 38], "content_span": [39, 261]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072666-0000-0000", "contents": "1955 Cork Senior Hurling Championship\nThe 1955 Cork Senior Hurling Championship was the 67th staging of the Cork Senior Hurling Championship since its establishment by the Cork County Board in 1887. The championship began on 27 March 1955 and ended on 16 October 1955.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [37, 37], "content_span": [38, 268]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072666-0001-0000", "contents": "1955 Cork Senior Hurling Championship\nOn 16 October 1955, St. Finbarr's won the championship following a 7-8 to 2-6 defeat of Glen Rovers in a replay of the final. This was their 15th championship title overall and their first title in eight championship seasons.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [37, 37], "content_span": [38, 263]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072667-0000-0000", "contents": "1955 Cornell Big Red football team\nThe 1955 Cornell Big Red football team was an American football team that represented Cornell University as an independent during the 1955 college football season. In its ninth season under head coach George K. James, the team compiled a 5\u20134 record and outscored its opponents 159 to 134. Dick Jackson was the team captain.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [34, 34], "content_span": [35, 358]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072667-0001-0000", "contents": "1955 Cornell Big Red football team\nThis would be Cornell's final year as a football independent, as the Ivy League, which Cornell had helped co-found in 1954, began football competition in 1956. All seven Ivy League opponents appeared on Cornell's 1955 schedule; the Big Red had been playing most of their games against (future) Ivy teams for decades.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [34, 34], "content_span": [35, 351]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072667-0002-0000", "contents": "1955 Cornell Big Red football team\nCornell played its home games at Schoellkopf Field in Ithaca, New York.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [34, 34], "content_span": [35, 106]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072668-0000-0000", "contents": "1955 Cornwall MRC Formula 1 Race\nThe 3rd Cornwall MRC Formula 1 Race was a motor race, run to Formula One rules, held on 30 May 1955 at the Davidstow Circuit, Cornwall. The race was run over 20 laps of the little circuit, and was won by British driver Leslie Marr in a Connaught Type B.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [32, 32], "content_span": [33, 286]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072668-0001-0000", "contents": "1955 Cornwall MRC Formula 1 Race\nThis was the third and last Formula One race to be held in Cornwall.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [32, 32], "content_span": [33, 101]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072668-0002-0000", "contents": "1955 Cornwall MRC Formula 1 Race, Results\n\u2020 Collins entered a Maserati 250F but elected to race at Crystal Palace instead.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 41], "content_span": [42, 122]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072669-0000-0000", "contents": "1955 Cotton Bowl Classic\nThe 1955 Cotton Bowl Classic was a post-season college football bowl game between the Southwest Conference champion Arkansas Razorbacks and the champions of the SEC, the Georgia Tech Yellow Jackets. Georgia Tech defeated Arkansas, 14\u20136, in front of 75,550 spectators. Arkansas would get their revenge in the 1960 Gator Bowl, a 14\u20137 Hog win.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [24, 24], "content_span": [25, 365]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072669-0001-0000", "contents": "1955 Cotton Bowl Classic, Setting\nArkansas lost only two games by a total of eight points, despite being picked to finish next-to-last in the SWC during the preseason. The Razorbacks were propelled by their most memorable win, against the #5 Ole Miss Rebels, on what is called the Powder River Play. The game turned on a 66-yard pass from tailback Buddy Bob Benson to blocking back Preston Carpenter, the only score of the game. The halfback pass gave Arkansas the 6-0 in War Memorial Stadium. The play was called \"perhaps the most important in Arkansas football history to that time\" by Orville Henry. Arkansas had struggled winning bowl games, entering at 1-0-2.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 33], "content_span": [34, 664]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072669-0002-0000", "contents": "1955 Cotton Bowl Classic, Setting\nGeorgia Tech, however, was very rich in bowl tradition. Bobby Dodd's Ramblin' Wreck had played in four Orange Bowls and three Sugar Bowls entering this matchup. Assistant coach Frank Broyles would become a legend coaching the Razorbacks from 1958-76, including winning the 1964 National Championship.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 33], "content_span": [34, 334]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072669-0003-0000", "contents": "1955 Cotton Bowl Classic, Game summary\nThe Razorbacks and Yellow Jackets played to a scoreless tie until Razorback sophomore QB/HB George Walker scored, completing an 80-yard drive before halftime. Walker could not connect on the extra point, however, and Arkansas would go up only 6-0. After halftime, Georgia Tech would take over. The Jackets' powerful running game produced two touchdowns, first by Paul Rotenberry, then by Wade Mitchell, and Arkansas could gain only eight yards rushing in the second half, the combination of which proved enough to defeat the Porkers, 14-6.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 38], "content_span": [39, 578]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072669-0004-0000", "contents": "1955 Cotton Bowl Classic, Game summary\nGeorgia Tech won their ninth of eleven bowl games, while Arkansas' record in the postseason dropped to 1-1-2.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 38], "content_span": [39, 148]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072670-0000-0000", "contents": "1955 County Championship\nThe 1955 County Championship was the 56th officially organised running of the County Championship. Surrey won the Championship title for the fourth successive year.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [24, 24], "content_span": [25, 189]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072671-0000-0000", "contents": "1955 Coupe de France Final\nThe 1955 Coupe de France Final was a football match held at Stade Olympique Yves-du-Manoir, Colombes on May 29, 1955, that saw Lille OSC defeat FC Girondins de Bordeaux 5\u20132 thanks to goals by Jean Vincent, Yvon Douis (2) and G\u00e9rard Bourbotte (2).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [26, 26], "content_span": [27, 273]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072672-0000-0000", "contents": "1955 Crit\u00e9rium du Dauphin\u00e9 Lib\u00e9r\u00e9\nThe 1955 Crit\u00e9rium du Dauphin\u00e9 Lib\u00e9r\u00e9 was the 9th edition of the cycle race and was held from 11 June to 19 June 1955. The race started in Valence and finished at Grenoble. The race was won by Louison Bobet of the Mercier team.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [33, 33], "content_span": [34, 261]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072673-0000-0000", "contents": "1955 Cup of the Ukrainian SSR\nThe 1955 Ukrainian Cup was a football knockout competition conducting by the Football Federation of the Ukrainian SSR and was known as the Ukrainian Cup.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [29, 29], "content_span": [30, 183]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072673-0001-0000", "contents": "1955 Cup of the Ukrainian SSR, Teams, Non-participating teams\nThe Ukrainian teams of masters did not take part in the competition.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 61], "content_span": [62, 130]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072674-0000-0000", "contents": "1955 Cupa Rom\u00e2niei\nThe 1955 Cupa Rom\u00e2niei was the 18th edition of Romania's most prestigious football cup competition.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 18], "section_span": [18, 18], "content_span": [19, 118]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072674-0001-0000", "contents": "1955 Cupa Rom\u00e2niei\nThe title was won by CCA Bucure\u0219ti against Progresul Oradea.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 18], "section_span": [18, 18], "content_span": [19, 79]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072674-0002-0000", "contents": "1955 Cupa Rom\u00e2niei, Format\nIn the first round proper, two pots were made, first pot with Divizia A teams and other teams till 16 and the second pot with the rest of teams qualified in this phase. First pot teams will play away. Each tie is played as a single leg.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 18], "section_span": [20, 26], "content_span": [27, 263]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072674-0003-0000", "contents": "1955 Cupa Rom\u00e2niei, Format\nIf a match is drawn after 90 minutes, the game goes in extra time, and if the scored is still tight after 120 minutes, the team who plays away will qualify.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 18], "section_span": [20, 26], "content_span": [27, 183]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072674-0004-0000", "contents": "1955 Cupa Rom\u00e2niei, Format\nIn case the teams are from same city, there a replay will be played.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 18], "section_span": [20, 26], "content_span": [27, 95]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072674-0005-0000", "contents": "1955 Cupa Rom\u00e2niei, Format\nIn case the teams play in the final, there a replay will be played.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 18], "section_span": [20, 26], "content_span": [27, 94]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072674-0006-0000", "contents": "1955 Cupa Rom\u00e2niei, Format\nFrom the first edition, the teams from Divizia A entered in competition in sixteen finals, rule which remained till today.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 18], "section_span": [20, 26], "content_span": [27, 149]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072675-0000-0000", "contents": "1955 Cupa Rom\u00e2niei Final\nThe 1955 Cupa Rom\u00e2niei Final was the 18th final of Romania's most prestigious football cup competition. It was disputed between CCA Bucure\u0219ti and Progresul Oradea, and was won by CCA Bucure\u0219ti after a game with 9 goals, in extra time. It was the 5th cup for CCA Bucure\u0219ti.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [24, 24], "content_span": [25, 297]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072675-0001-0000", "contents": "1955 Cupa Rom\u00e2niei Final\nProgresul Oradea was the forth club representing Divizia B which reached the Romanian Cup final, after CAM Timi\u0219oara in 1938, Flac\u0103ra Media\u015f in 1951 and Metalul Re\u0219i\u021ba in 1954.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [24, 24], "content_span": [25, 201]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072676-0000-0000", "contents": "1955 Czechoslovak First League, Overview\nIt was contested by 12 teams, and Slovan Bratislava won the championship. Emil Pa\u017eick\u00fd was the league's top scorer with nineteen goals.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 40], "content_span": [41, 176]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072677-0000-0000", "contents": "1955 DDR-Oberliga\nThe 1955 DDR-Oberliga was the seventh season of the DDR-Oberliga, the first tier of league football in East Germany. After the 1954\u201355 season the league played a transition round in autumn 1955, followed by five seasons, until 1960, where it played in the calendar year format. From 1961\u201362 onwards the league returned to its traditional format.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [17, 17], "content_span": [18, 363]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072677-0001-0000", "contents": "1955 DDR-Oberliga\nThe league was contested by fourteen teams. SC Wismut Karl-Marx-Stadt won in the unofficial championship.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [17, 17], "content_span": [18, 123]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072677-0002-0000", "contents": "1955 DDR-Oberliga\nKlaus Selignow of Rotation Babelsberg was the league's top scorer with 12 goals.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [17, 17], "content_span": [18, 98]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072677-0003-0000", "contents": "1955 DDR-Oberliga, Overview\nAfter the conclusion of the 1954\u201355 season, the Oberliga was supposed to be played exclusively in the summer months, as was the standard in the Soviet Union. As it was deemed impractical to not hold a competition for almost a year (the 1954-55 season had ended in April, the 1956 season was planned to begin in March) a transition championship was played. 14 clubs competed, but neither a champion was determined, nor was any club relegated.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 27], "content_span": [28, 469]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072677-0004-0000", "contents": "1955 DDR-Oberliga, Table\nThe 1955 season saw two newly promoted clubs, Fortschritt Wei\u00dfenfels and BSG Lokomotive Stendal.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 24], "content_span": [25, 121]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072678-0000-0000", "contents": "1955 DFB-Pokal Final\nThe 1955 DFB-Pokal Final decided the winner of the 1954\u201355 DFB-Pokal, the 12th season of Germany's knockout football cup competition. It was played on 21 May 1955 at the Eintracht-Stadion in Braunschweig. Karlsruher SC won the match 3\u20132 against Schalke 04, to claim their 1st cup title.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [20, 20], "content_span": [21, 307]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072678-0001-0000", "contents": "1955 DFB-Pokal Final, Route to the final\nThe DFB-Pokal began with 32 teams in a single-elimination knockout cup competition. There were a total of four rounds leading up to the final. Teams were drawn against each other, and the winner after 90 minutes would advance. If still tied, 30 minutes of extra time was played. If the score was still level, a replay would take place at the original away team's stadium. If still level after 90 minutes, 30 minutes of extra time was played. If the score was still level, a drawing of lots would decide who would advance to the next round.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [22, 40], "content_span": [41, 580]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072678-0002-0000", "contents": "1955 DFB-Pokal Final, Route to the final\nNote: In all results below, the score of the finalist is given first (H: home; A: away).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [22, 40], "content_span": [41, 129]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072679-0000-0000", "contents": "1955 Dartmouth Indians football team\nThe 1955 Dartmouth Indians football team was an American football team that represented Dartmouth College as an independent during the 1955 college football season. In their first season under head coach Bob Blackman, the Indians compiled a 3\u20136 record, and were outscored 120 to 92. Leo McKennawas the team captain.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [36, 36], "content_span": [37, 352]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072679-0001-0000", "contents": "1955 Dartmouth Indians football team\nThis would be Dartmouth's final year as a football independent, as the Ivy League, which Dartmouth had helped co-found in 1954, began football competition in 1956. Six of the nine opponents on the Indians' 1955 schedule were Ivy League members (with Penn the only Ivy not scheduled); for decades, (future) Ivy members had comprised a large portion of Dartmouth's opponents.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [36, 36], "content_span": [37, 410]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072679-0002-0000", "contents": "1955 Dartmouth Indians football team\nDartmouth played its home games at Memorial Field on the college campus in Hanover, New Hampshire.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [36, 36], "content_span": [37, 135]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072680-0000-0000", "contents": "1955 Davidson Wildcats football team\nThe 1955 Davidson Wildcats football team was an American football team that represented Davidson College in the 1955 college football season as a member of the Southern Conference (SoCon). Led by Bill Dole in his fourth season as head coach, the team compiled a record of 5\u20134 overall with a mark of 3\u20132 in SoCon play to tie for third place.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [36, 36], "content_span": [37, 377]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072681-0000-0000", "contents": "1955 Davis Cup\nThe 1955 Davis Cup was the 44th edition of the Davis Cup, the most important tournament between national teams in men's tennis. 24 teams entered the Europe Zone, 7 teams entered the America Zone, and 3 teams entered the newly reinstated Eastern Zone. Burma competed for the first time.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [14, 14], "content_span": [15, 300]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072681-0001-0000", "contents": "1955 Davis Cup\nAustralia defeated Canada in the America Zone final, Italy defeated Sweden in the Europe Zone final, and Japan defeated the Philippines in the Eastern Zone final. In the Inter-Zonal Zone, Australia defeated Japan in the semifinal, and then defeated Italy in the final. In the Challenge Round Australia defeated the defending champions the United States. The final was played at the West Side Tennis Club in Forest Hills, New York, United States on 26\u201328 August.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [14, 14], "content_span": [15, 476]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072682-0000-0000", "contents": "1955 Davis Cup America Zone\nThe America Zone was one of the three regional zones of the 1955 Davis Cup.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [27, 27], "content_span": [28, 103]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072682-0001-0000", "contents": "1955 Davis Cup America Zone\n7 teams entered the America Zone, with the winner going on to compete in the Inter-Zonal Zone against the winners of the Eastern Zone and Europe Zone. Australia defeated Canada in the final and progressed to the Inter-Zonal Zone.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [27, 27], "content_span": [28, 257]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072683-0000-0000", "contents": "1955 Davis Cup Eastern Zone\nThe Eastern Zone was one of the three regional zones of the 1955 Davis Cup.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [27, 27], "content_span": [28, 103]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072683-0001-0000", "contents": "1955 Davis Cup Eastern Zone\n3 teams entered the Eastern Zone, with the winner going on to compete in the Inter-Zonal Zone against the winners of the America Zone and Europe Zone. Japan defeated the Philippines in the final and progressed to the Inter-Zonal Zone.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [27, 27], "content_span": [28, 262]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072684-0000-0000", "contents": "1955 Davis Cup Europe Zone\nThe Europe Zone was one of the three regional zones of the 1955 Davis Cup.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [26, 26], "content_span": [27, 101]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072684-0001-0000", "contents": "1955 Davis Cup Europe Zone\n24 teams entered the Europe Zone, with the winner going on to compete in the Inter-Zonal Zone against the winners of the America Zone and Eastern Zone. Italy defeated Sweden in the final and progressed to the Inter-Zonal Zone.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [26, 26], "content_span": [27, 253]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072685-0000-0000", "contents": "1955 Delaware Fightin' Blue Hens football team\nThe 1955 Delaware Fightin' Blue Hens football team was an American football team that represented the University of Delaware as an independent during the 1955 college football season. In its fifth season under head coach David M. Nelson, the team compiled an 8\u20131 record and outscored opponents by a total of 261 to 82. Vincent Grande was the team captain. The team played its home games at Delaware Stadium in Newark, Delaware.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 46], "section_span": [46, 46], "content_span": [47, 474]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072686-0000-0000", "contents": "1955 Delaware State Hornets football team\nThe 1955 Delaware State Hornets football team represented Delaware State College\u2014now known as Delaware State University\u2014as a member of the Central Intercollegiate Athletic Association (CIAA) in the 1955 college football season. Led by coach Edward Jackson in his seventh and final season, the Hornets compiled a 7\u20131 record for the second consecutive year, ranking 12th nationally. The team's only lost was by a field goal, against undefeated Maryland State. There were 3,500 fans in attendance, a record for Delaware State.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 41], "section_span": [41, 41], "content_span": [42, 565]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072687-0000-0000", "contents": "1955 Denver Pioneers football team\nThe 1955 Denver Pioneers football team represented the University of Denver in the Skyline Conference during the 1955 college football season. In their first season under head coach John Roning, the Pioneers compiled an 8\u20132 record (5\u20132 against Skyline opponents), tied for third in the conference, and outscored opponents by a total of 310 to 89.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [34, 34], "content_span": [35, 381]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072688-0000-0000", "contents": "1955 Detroit Lions season\nThe 1955 Detroit Lions season was their 26th in the league. The team failed to improve on their previous season's output of 9\u20132\u20131, winning only three games. They missed the playoffs for the first time in four seasons.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [25, 25], "content_span": [26, 243]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072688-0001-0000", "contents": "1955 Detroit Lions season, Schedule, Standings\nNote: Tie games were not officially counted in the standings until 1972.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [27, 46], "content_span": [47, 119]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072689-0000-0000", "contents": "1955 Detroit Tigers season\nThe 1955 Detroit Tigers season was a season in American baseball. The team finished fifth in the American League with a record of 79\u201375, 17 games behind the New York Yankees.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [26, 26], "content_span": [27, 201]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072689-0001-0000", "contents": "1955 Detroit Tigers season\nAl Kaline became the youngest major league player to win the American League (AL) batting title at 20 years old which still stands to this day. He hit .340 for the season, 21 points better than runner-up Vic Power.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [26, 26], "content_span": [27, 241]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072689-0002-0000", "contents": "1955 Detroit Tigers season, Player stats, Batting, Starters by position\nNote: Pos = Position; G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [28, 71], "content_span": [72, 196]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072689-0003-0000", "contents": "1955 Detroit Tigers season, Player stats, Batting, Other batters\nNote: G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [28, 64], "content_span": [65, 173]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072689-0004-0000", "contents": "1955 Detroit Tigers season, Player stats, Pitching, Starting pitchers\nNote: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [28, 69], "content_span": [70, 180]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072689-0005-0000", "contents": "1955 Detroit Tigers season, Player stats, Pitching, Other pitchers\nNote: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [28, 66], "content_span": [67, 177]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072689-0006-0000", "contents": "1955 Detroit Tigers season, Player stats, Pitching, Relief pitchers\nNote: G = Games pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; SV = Saves; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [28, 67], "content_span": [68, 168]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072690-0000-0000", "contents": "1955 Detroit Titans football team\nThe 1955 Detroit Titans football team represented the University of Detroit in the Missouri Valley Conference (MVC) during 1955 college football season. In its second year under head coach Wally Fromhart, Detroit compiled a 5\u20133\u20131 record (3\u20131 against conference opponents), tied for the MVC championship, and outscored all opponents by a combined total of 100 to 62.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [33, 33], "content_span": [34, 399]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072690-0001-0000", "contents": "1955 Detroit Titans football team\nThe team's staff included Kenneth Stilley (line coach, third year), Robert Dove (end coach, first year), John Ray (freshman coach, first year), and Dr. Raymond D. Forsyth (team physician). Tackle Richard Quadri and halfback Francis O'Connor were the team co-captains.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [33, 33], "content_span": [34, 301]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072691-0000-0000", "contents": "1955 Divizia A\nThe 1955 Divizia A was the thirty-eighth season of Divizia A, the top-level football league of Romania.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [14, 14], "content_span": [15, 118]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072691-0001-0000", "contents": "1955 Divizia A, Champion squad\nGoalkeepers: Petre Curcan (4 / 0), Florea Birta\u0219u (18 / 0 ), Nicolae Panaghia (3 / 0). Defenders: Gheorghe B\u0103cu\u021b (24 / 0), Ladislau B\u0103cu\u021b (24 / 0), Iosif Sz\u00f6k\u0151 (18 / 1). Midfielders: Valeriu C\u0103linoiu (22 / 1), Gheorghe Toma (24 / 0), Alexandru Neme\u015f (4 / 0), Florian Anghel (6 / 0). Forwards: Carol Bartha (11 / 4); Onoriu Boian (8 / 1); Nicolae Dumitru (21 / 2); Alexandru Ene (23 / 14); Valeriu Neagu (23 / 10); Ion Suru (22 / 7); Nicolae Maghe\u0163 (11 / 2); Mihai Raica (1 / 0); Gheorghe Ni\u0163ulescu (1 / 0). (league appearances and goals listed in brackets)", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [16, 30], "content_span": [31, 587]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072692-0000-0000", "contents": "1955 Divizia B\nThe 1955 Divizia B was the 16th season of the second tier of the Romanian football league system.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [14, 14], "content_span": [15, 112]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072692-0001-0000", "contents": "1955 Divizia B\nThe format has been maintained to three series, one of them having 14 teams and two of them only 13. At the end of the season the winners of the series promoted to Divizia A, the last four places from the first and third series and the last five places from the second series relegated to Divizia C. This was the sixth season played in the spring-autumn system, a system imposed by the new leadership of the country which were in close ties with the Soviet Union.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [14, 14], "content_span": [15, 478]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072693-0000-0000", "contents": "1955 Dominican Republic Constitutional Assembly election\nConstitutional Assembly elections were held in the Dominican Republic on 13 November 1955. The role of the Assembly was to review and amend certain articles of the constitution.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 56], "section_span": [56, 56], "content_span": [57, 234]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072694-0000-0000", "contents": "1955 Drexel Dragons football team\nThe 1955 Drexel Dragons football team represented the Drexel Institute of Technology (renamed Drexel University in 1970) as an independent during the 1955 college football season. Eddie Allen was the team's head coach. The team became the first undefeated football team at the school that had a full schedule of collegiate opponents. Left guard Vince Vidas was awarded first string on the 1955 Little All-American team.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [33, 33], "content_span": [34, 453]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072695-0000-0000", "contents": "1955 Duke Blue Devils football team\nThe 1955 Duke Blue Devils football team represented the Duke University as a member of the Atlantic Coast Conference (ACC) during the 1955 college football season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [35, 35], "content_span": [36, 199]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072696-0000-0000", "contents": "1955 Durham County Council election\nElections to Durham County Council were held on in April 1955. The Labour party maintained their dominance, although their presence was reduced from 77 to 74 of the councils 88 councillors. All 29 Alderman remained Labour. Of the 74 Labour councillors returned, 48 were returned unopposed.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [35, 35], "content_span": [36, 325]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072696-0001-0000", "contents": "1955 Durham County Council election, Aggregate results\nThis section summarises the detailed results which are noted in the following sections.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 54], "content_span": [55, 142]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072696-0002-0000", "contents": "1955 Durham County Council election, Aggregate results\nThis table summarises the result of the elections in all wards. 88 councillors were elected. Councillors are listed first, then aldermen, meaning that \"74 + 29\" means 74 Councillors and 29 Aldermen.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 54], "content_span": [55, 253]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072697-0000-0000", "contents": "1955 Dutch Grand Prix\nThe 1955 Dutch Grand Prix was a Formula One motor race held at Zandvoort on June 19, 1955. It was race 5 of 7 in the 1955 World Championship of Drivers. The 100-lap race was won by Mercedes driver Juan Manuel Fangio after he started from pole position. His teammate Stirling Moss finished second and Maserati driver Luigi Musso came in third.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [21, 21], "content_span": [22, 364]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072697-0001-0000", "contents": "1955 Dutch Grand Prix, Race report\nDespite a track made slippery by continuous drizzle, the record crowd was treated to some outstanding  driving as the masters slid their machines through the sand-dunes. Fangio and Moss again took up the lead with Musso's Maserati in pursuit. Kling and Behra were chasing furiously until the German spun into the sand and retired. Mieres then took up the challenge, passing Behra and closing the gap.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [23, 34], "content_span": [35, 435]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072697-0002-0000", "contents": "1955 Dutch Grand Prix, Race report\nHowever, Musso was too far ahead and was even catching the Mercedes pair who were having to go at full pelt to keep ahead. It was only when he spun off and dropped back that they could relax slightly.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [23, 34], "content_span": [35, 235]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072697-0003-0000", "contents": "1955 Dutch Grand Prix, Race report\nIt was another impressive 1-2 for them, despite Moss sustaining a smoking engine late on in the race. Musso had given them a hard challenge and Fangio was the first to congratulate him on his podium finish.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [23, 34], "content_span": [35, 241]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072698-0000-0000", "contents": "1955 Dutch TT\nThe 1955 Dutch TT was the sixth round of the 1955 Grand Prix motorcycle racing season. It took place on 16 July 1955 at the Circuit van Drenthe, Assen.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 13], "section_span": [13, 13], "content_span": [14, 165]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072698-0001-0000", "contents": "1955 Dutch TT\nA new 4.7 mile (7.7\u00a0km) circuit had been built at Assen for the Dutch TT; the public road version was no longer used after 1954. This track set the foundation for future Dutch TT's.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 13], "section_span": [13, 13], "content_span": [14, 195]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072699-0000-0000", "contents": "1955 East Carolina Pirates football team\nThe 1955 East Carolina Pirates football team was an American football team that represented represented East Carolina College (now known as East Carolina University) as a member of the North State Conference during the 1955 college football season. In their fourth season under head coach Jack Boone, the team compiled a 4\u20135 record.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [40, 40], "content_span": [41, 373]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072700-0000-0000", "contents": "1955 Eastern Illinois Panthers football team\nThe 1955 Eastern Illinois Panthers football team represented Eastern Illinois State College\u2014now known as Eastern Illinois University\u2014as a member of the Interstate Intercollegiate Athletic Conference (IIAC) during the 1955 college football season. Led by Maynard O'Brien in his ninth and final year head coach, the Panthers compiled an overall record of 3\u20136 with a mark of 1\u20135 in conference play, placing sixth in the IIAC.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [44, 44], "content_span": [45, 467]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072701-0000-0000", "contents": "1955 Edinburgh North by-election\nThe 1955 Edinburgh North by-election was held on 27 January 1955. It was held because the Unionist MP, James Clyde, resigned when he was appointed Lord President of the Court of Session. It was held by the Unionist candidate, William Rankine Milligan. Milligan's vote share was slightly higher than Clyde had achieved at the previous general election, although the victorious candidate was disappointed at the low turnout which he said could not be entirely attributed to bad weather. The defeated Labour candidate, who was chairman of the Burntisland Labour Party, argued the result was not a vote of confidence in the government. Some of the 41 spoiled ballot papers were reported to have had slogans written on them by Scottish nationalists.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [32, 32], "content_span": [33, 777]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072702-0000-0000", "contents": "1955 Edmonton Eskimos season\nThe 1955 Edmonton Eskimos finished in 1st place in the Western Interprovincial Football Union with a 14\u20132 record and won the 43rd Grey Cup, repeating as Grey Cup champions.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [28, 28], "content_span": [29, 201]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072703-0000-0000", "contents": "1955 Edmonton municipal election\nThe 1955 municipal election was held October 19, 1955, to elect five aldermen to sit on Edmonton City Council and six trustees to sit on the public school board, while the mayor and four trustees for the separate school board were acclaimed. The electorate also decided ten plebiscite questions.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [32, 32], "content_span": [33, 328]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072703-0001-0000", "contents": "1955 Edmonton municipal election\nThere were ten aldermen on city council, but five of the positions were already filled:Edwin Clarke, Frederick John Mitchell, Ethel Wilson, Laurette Douglas, and Giffard Main (SS) were all elected to two-year terms in 1954 and were still in office.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [32, 32], "content_span": [33, 281]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072703-0002-0000", "contents": "1955 Edmonton municipal election\nThere were seven trustees on the public school board, but one of the positions were already filled, as Donald Bowen was elected to a two-year term in 1954 and was still in office. William Roberts and Rex Stevenson had also been elected to two-year terms in 1954, but had resigned; accordingly, John Thorogood (SS) and Herbert Turner were elected to one-year terms. On the separate board, there were four vacancies, as James O'Hara, Adrian Crowe (SS), and John Kane were continuing.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [32, 32], "content_span": [33, 514]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072703-0003-0000", "contents": "1955 Edmonton municipal election, Voter turnout\nThere were 14,248 ballots cast out of 126,990 eligible voters, for a voter turnout of 11.2%.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 47], "content_span": [48, 140]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072703-0004-0000", "contents": "1955 Edmonton municipal election, Results, Plebiscites, Paving\nShall Council pass a bylaw creating a debenture debt in the sum of $320,000 for the City share of standard paving of arterial and residential streets?", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 62], "content_span": [63, 213]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072703-0005-0000", "contents": "1955 Edmonton municipal election, Results, Plebiscites, Asphalt Surfacing I\nShall Council pass a bylaw creating a debenture debt in the sum of $300,000 for the City share of asphalt surfacing on gravel for existing gravelled roads?", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 75], "content_span": [76, 231]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072703-0006-0000", "contents": "1955 Edmonton municipal election, Results, Plebiscites, Asphalt Surfacing II\nShall Council pass a bylaw creating a debenture debt in the sum of $400,000 for the City share of asphalt surfacing on gravel for new roads at various locations within the City?", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 76], "content_span": [77, 254]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072703-0007-0000", "contents": "1955 Edmonton municipal election, Results, Plebiscites, Bridge\nShall Council pass a bylaw creating a debenture debt in the sum of $2,000,000 for the construction of a bridge in concrete or steel or a combination of both, across the North Saskatchewan River at such location within the city as, in the opinion of Council, will most quickly and effectively improve the cross river traffic conditions, together with provision for approaches thereto including acquirements of all necessary lands?", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 62], "content_span": [63, 492]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072703-0008-0000", "contents": "1955 Edmonton municipal election, Results, Plebiscites, Zoo\nShall Council pass a bylaw creating a debenture debt in the sum of $400,000 for the establishment and development in Laurier Park of a Zoo including provisions for sewer, water, roads, buildings, structures, animals, and necessary equipment?", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 59], "content_span": [60, 301]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072703-0009-0000", "contents": "1955 Edmonton municipal election, Results, Plebiscites, Miscellaneous Neighbourhood Improvements\nShall Council pass a bylaw creating a debenture debt in the sum of $250,000 for the establishment and improvement of neighborhood parks, traffic circles, buffer zones, ravine side boulevards and works of a similar nature, including where necessary new roads, sewers, drains, fences, and general re-building?", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 96], "content_span": [97, 404]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072703-0010-0000", "contents": "1955 Edmonton municipal election, Results, Plebiscites, Library\nShall Council pass a bylaw creating a debenture debt in the sum of $75,000 for the establishment, improvement, extension of library facilities including construction of a new building?", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 63], "content_span": [64, 248]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072703-0011-0000", "contents": "1955 Edmonton municipal election, Results, Plebiscites, Health Clinic\nShall Council pass a bylaw creating a debenture debt in the sum of $60,000 for the purpose of a health clinic to look after inoculations, also the supervision of babies and pre-school children and preventative dental services?", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 69], "content_span": [70, 296]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072703-0012-0000", "contents": "1955 Edmonton municipal election, Results, Plebiscites, Royal Alexandra Hospital (New Building)\nShall Council pass a bylaw creating a debenture debt in the sum of $700,000 to complete and furnish a new building at the Royal Alexandra Hospital containing kitchen, dining and other facilities, also additional facilities for nurses living quarters and nurses study and recreation facilities?", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 95], "content_span": [96, 389]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072703-0013-0000", "contents": "1955 Edmonton municipal election, Results, Plebiscites, Swimming Pool\nShall Council pass a bylaw creating a debenture debt in the sum of $250,000 for the construction of an indoor swimming pool in the City south of the North Saskatchewan River at a location, which, in the opinion of Council, is most suitable and convenient for residents of Edmonton South?", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 69], "content_span": [70, 357]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072704-0000-0000", "contents": "1955 Egypt Cup Final\n1955 Egypt Cup Final, was the final match of the 1954\u201355 Egypt Cup, was between Zamalek and Al Ittihad Alexandria, Zamalek won the match 2\u20131.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [20, 20], "content_span": [21, 162]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072705-0000-0000", "contents": "1955 Ekstraklasa, Overview\nIt was contested by 12 teams, and Legia Warsaw won the championship.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 16], "section_span": [18, 26], "content_span": [27, 95]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072706-0000-0000", "contents": "1955 Emperor's Cup, Overview\nIt was contested by 16 teams, and All Kwangaku won the championship.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 18], "section_span": [20, 28], "content_span": [29, 97]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072707-0000-0000", "contents": "1955 Emperor's Cup Final\nThis is the current revision of this page, as edited by Monkbot (talk | contribs) at 00:16, 8 January 2020 (\u2192\u200etop: Task 15:  language icon template(s) replaced (1\u00d7);). The present address (URL) is a permanent link to this version.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [24, 24], "content_span": [25, 255]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072707-0001-0000", "contents": "1955 Emperor's Cup Final\n1955 Emperor's Cup Final was the 35th final of the Emperor's Cup competition. The final was played at Nishinomiya Stadium in Hy\u014dgo on May 4, 1955. All Kwangaku won the championship.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [24, 24], "content_span": [25, 206]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072707-0002-0000", "contents": "1955 Emperor's Cup Final, Overview\nAll Kwangaku won the championship, by defeating Chudai Club 4\u20133. All Kwangaku was featured a squad consisting of many international footballers, Tomohiko Ikoma, Ryuzo Hiraki, Hiroaki Sato, Shigeo Sugimoto, Takeshi Inoue, Masanori Tokita, Arawa Kimura and Takashi Tokuhiro.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 34], "content_span": [35, 307]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072708-0000-0000", "contents": "1955 English Greyhound Derby\nThe 1955 Greyhound Derby took place during June with the final being held on 25 June 1955 at White City Stadium. The winner was Rushton Mac and the winning owners Frank Johnson and Mary Johnson received \u00a31,500.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [28, 28], "content_span": [29, 239]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072708-0001-0000", "contents": "1955 English Greyhound Derby, Final result, Distances\n\u00be, 4\u00bd, 1, 1\u00be, 3 (lengths)The distances between the greyhounds are in finishing order and shown in lengths. From 1950 one length was equal to 0.08 of one second.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 53], "content_span": [54, 214]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072708-0002-0000", "contents": "1955 English Greyhound Derby, Competition Report\nThe ante-post favourite was Hi There trained by Paddy McEvoy and a winner of the National Sprint in Ireland the previous year. Other leading contenders included defending champion Pauls Fun, Barrowside and the Frank Johnson litter brothers Rushton Mac and Rushton Spot. The Trafalgar Cup winner Golden Sail failed to gain selection in the 48 runner event resulting in his owner Mr Hughes quitting the sport.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 48], "content_span": [49, 456]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072708-0003-0000", "contents": "1955 English Greyhound Derby, Competition Report\nAfter the eight heats the fastest qualifier was Barrowside (28.82 sec). Pauls Fun and Hi There both underperformed but progressed. During the second round Hi There finished lame but would become a legendary stud dog. Pauls Fun now trained by Joe Booth also succumbed to injury being withdrawn from his heat. Duet Leader a fawn dog trained by Tom Reilly won easily and Barrowside remained unbeaten.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 48], "content_span": [49, 446]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072708-0004-0000", "contents": "1955 English Greyhound Derby, Competition Report\nThe semi-finals produced another victory for Barrowside and the Grand National champion was installed as the hot favourite to win the final. The second semi-final was won by Rushton Mac following a tough battle with Laurels champion Coolkill Chieftain.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 48], "content_span": [49, 301]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072708-0005-0000", "contents": "1955 English Greyhound Derby, Competition Report\nWembley trainer Jack Harvey had three of the finalists in his attempt to gain a second Derby title. Barrowside started at very short odds of 1-2 and made a good start followed by Home Straight and Rushton Mac. Rushton Mac moved towards the rails and took the lead on the back straight only for Barrowside to respond and take the lead by the fourth bend but Rushton Mac came again to win by three quarters. Coolkill Chieftain ran on well for third place.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 48], "content_span": [49, 502]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072709-0000-0000", "contents": "1955 English cricket season\n1955 was the 56th season of County Championship cricket in England and there was a continuation of Surrey's complete dominance as they won a fourth successive championship title and a second consecutive Minor Counties title. England defeated South Africa 3\u20132.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [27, 27], "content_span": [28, 287]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072709-0001-0000", "contents": "1955 English cricket season, Test series\nEngland won a thrilling Test series against South Africa by 3\u20132. England won the first two matches and then South Africa equalised the series with wins in the 3rd and 4th matches. The fifth Test was therefore the decider and England, thanks to the spin bowling of Tony Lock and Jim Laker, won by 92 runs.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 40], "content_span": [41, 345]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072709-0002-0000", "contents": "1955 English cricket season, Leading batsmen\nJackie McGlew topped the averages with 1871 runs @ 58.46.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 44], "content_span": [45, 102]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072709-0003-0000", "contents": "1955 English cricket season, Leading bowlers\nBob Appleyard topped the averages with 85 wickets @ 13.01.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 44], "content_span": [45, 103]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072710-0000-0000", "contents": "1955 Estonian SSR Football Championship\nThe 1955 Estonian SSR Football Championship was won by Tallinna Kalev.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [39, 39], "content_span": [40, 110]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072711-0000-0000", "contents": "1955 Estonian Supreme Soviet election\nElections to the Supreme Soviet of the Estonian SSR were held on 27 February 1955. The Bloc of Communists and Non-Party Candidates was the only party able to contest the elections, and won all 125 seats.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [37, 37], "content_span": [38, 241]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072712-0000-0000", "contents": "1955 European Amateur Boxing Championships\nThe 1955 European Amateur Boxing Championships  were held in West Berlin, Germany, from May 27 to June 5. The 11th edition of the bi-annual competition was organised by the European governing body for amateur boxing, EABA. There were 153 fighters from 24 countries participating (among them Turkey, Egypt and Saara).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 42], "section_span": [42, 42], "content_span": [43, 359]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072713-0000-0000", "contents": "1955 European Baseball Championship\nThe 1955 European Baseball Championship was held in Spain and was won by Spain. Belgium finished as runner-up.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [35, 35], "content_span": [36, 146]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072714-0000-0000", "contents": "1955 European Figure Skating Championships\nThe 1955 European Figure Skating Championships were held at the City Park Ice Rink in Budapest, Hungary from January 27 to 30. Elite senior-level figure skaters from European ISU member nations competed for the title of European Champion in the disciplines of men's singles, ladies' singles, pair skating, and ice dancing.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 42], "section_span": [42, 42], "content_span": [43, 365]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072715-0000-0000", "contents": "1955 European Men's Artistic Gymnastics Championships\nThe first European Men's Artistic Gymnastics Championships took place in 1955. In this championship, there was no team competition, only individual competitions. Only men took part, and the championship took place in Frankfurt am Main.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 53], "section_span": [53, 53], "content_span": [54, 289]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072715-0001-0000", "contents": "1955 European Men's Artistic Gymnastics Championships\nThe Soviet Union dominated the championships, and took the top two places, with a total of five golds in the apparatus finals. Boris Shakhlin, who won a total of 14 World Championship medals and 13 Olympic medals in gymnastics, won the overall competition.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 53], "section_span": [53, 53], "content_span": [54, 310]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072715-0002-0000", "contents": "1955 European Men's Artistic Gymnastics Championships, Results, Individual combined\nNote: Free (FX), Pommel horse (PH), Rings (R), Vault (VT), Parallel bars (PB), High bar (HB), .", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 53], "section_span": [55, 83], "content_span": [84, 179]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072717-0000-0000", "contents": "1955 European Rowing Championships (men)\nThe 1955 European Rowing Championships for men were rowing championships held in the Belgian city of Ghent. The venue was the Watersportbaan, which was built for these championships and was part of Belgium's preparation for their bid to host the 1960 Summer Olympics. The competition for women had been held earlier in the month in Bucharest. The event in Ghent was held from 25 to 28 August and they competed in all seven Olympic boat classes (M1x, M2x, M2-, M2+, M4-, M4+, M8+). Some 400 competitors form 21 countries competed.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [40, 40], "content_span": [41, 570]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072717-0001-0000", "contents": "1955 European Rowing Championships (men), German participation\nThe National Olympic Committee of the GDR was granted provisional membership in 1955 and as a next step, East Germany tried to gain membership of the individual sporting organisations that participated in Olympic disciplines. In July 1955, the East German rowing association applied for a license from FISA, the International Rowing Federation, to be able to nominate their rowers at the European Championships in Bucharest (women) and Ghent (men). FISA's response was that the next congress, to be held just prior to the championships in Ghent, will decide on the matter. Therefore, East German teams could not compete in 1955. At the congress, East Germany was unanimously accepted as a new member.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [42, 62], "content_span": [63, 763]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072717-0002-0000", "contents": "1955 European Rowing Championships (men), German participation\nWest Germany was represented in Ghent in six boat classes.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [42, 62], "content_span": [63, 121]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072718-0000-0000", "contents": "1955 European Rowing Championships (women)\nThe 1955 European Rowing Championships for women were rowing championships held in the Romanian capital city of Bucharest from 4 to 7 August. The competition for men was held later in the month in Ghent. The women competed in five boat classes (W1x, W2x, W4x+, W4+, W8+).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 42], "section_span": [42, 42], "content_span": [43, 314]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072718-0001-0000", "contents": "1955 European Rowing Championships (women), German participation\nThe National Olympic Committee of the GDR was granted provisional membership in 1955 and as a next step, East Germany tried to gain membership of the individual sporting organisations that participated in Olympic disciplines. In July 1955, the East German rowing association applied for a license from FISA, the International Rowing Federation, to be able to nominate their rowers at the European Championships in Bucharest (women) and Ghent (men). FISA's response was that the next congress, to be held just prior to the championships in Ghent, will decide on the matter. Therefore, East German teams could not compete in 1955. At the congress, East Germany was unanimously accepted as a new member. The only West German competitor was Ingrid Scholz, who had won silver in single sculls in 1954; she came sixth in 1955.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 42], "section_span": [44, 64], "content_span": [65, 885]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072719-0000-0000", "contents": "1955 European Shooting Championships\nThe 1955 European Shooting Championships was the 1st edition of the global shooting competition, European Shooting Championships, organised by the International Shooting Sport Federation.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [36, 36], "content_span": [37, 224]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072720-0000-0000", "contents": "1955 FA Charity Shield\nThe 1955 FA Charity Shield was the 33rd FA Charity Shield, the annual football match played between the winners of the previous season's Football League and FA Cup competitions. It was contested between Chelsea, the reigning First Division champions, and Newcastle United, holders of the FA Cup. Chelsea won 3\u20130, thanks to second-half goals from Roy Bentley and Frank Blunstone, and an own goal from Alf McMichael.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [22, 22], "content_span": [23, 437]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072721-0000-0000", "contents": "1955 FA Cup Final\nThe 1955 FA Cup Final was the 74th final of the FA Cup. It took place on 7 May 1955 at Wembley Stadium and was contested between Newcastle United and Manchester City.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [17, 17], "content_span": [18, 184]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072721-0001-0000", "contents": "1955 FA Cup Final\nNewcastle won the match 3\u20131, thus winning the FA Cup for the third time in five years and the sixth time in all. Jackie Milburn scored Newcastle's first goal after 45 seconds (a record for a Wembley final that would stand until 1997), before Bobby Johnstone equalised for City just before half-time. Bobby Mitchell restored Newcastle's lead in the 52nd minute, and George Hannah extended it seven minutes later.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [17, 17], "content_span": [18, 429]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072721-0002-0000", "contents": "1955 FA Cup Final\nThe match was virtually decided in the 17th minute when City fullback Jimmy Meadows attempted a tackle on Mitchell, only to sustain a serious leg injury which forced him to be stretchered off five minutes later (and also forced him to retire from playing). As substitutes were not allowed in English football at the time, City had to play the rest of the match with ten players.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [17, 17], "content_span": [18, 396]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072721-0003-0000", "contents": "1955 FA Cup Final\nAs of 2021, this remains Newcastle's last FA Cup win and major domestic honour, though they have appeared in three finals since.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [17, 17], "content_span": [18, 146]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072722-0000-0000", "contents": "1955 FAMAS Awards\nThe 3rd Filipino Academy of Movie Arts and Sciences Awards Night was held in 1955 at Fiesta Pavilion in Manila Hotel.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [17, 17], "content_span": [18, 135]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072722-0001-0000", "contents": "1955 FAMAS Awards\nSalabusab, by Premiere Productions, Inc., is the recipient of this edition's FAMAS Award for Best Picture.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [17, 17], "content_span": [18, 124]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072723-0000-0000", "contents": "1955 FC Dinamo Bucure\u0219ti season\nThe 1955 season was Dinamo Bucure\u0219ti's seventh season in Divizia A. Dinamo bring the first Romanian title home, winning the championship by three points. During the season, Dinamo played 24 matches, winning 15, drawing 7 and losing only 2.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [31, 31], "content_span": [32, 271]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072723-0001-0000", "contents": "1955 FC Dinamo Bucure\u0219ti season, Squad\nGoalkeepers: Petre Curcan (4 / 0), Florea Birta\u0219u (18 / 0 ), Nicolae Panaghia (3 / 0). Defenders: Gheorghe B\u0103cu\u021b (24 / 0), Ladislau B\u0103cu\u021b (24 / 0), Iosif Sz\u00f6k\u0151 (18 / 1). Midfielders: Valeriu C\u0103linoiu (22 / 1), Gheorghe Toma (24 / 0), Alexandru Neme\u015f (4 / 0), Florian Anghel (6 / 0). Forwards: Carol Bartha (11 / 4); Onoriu Boian (8 / 1); Nicolae Dumitru (21 / 2); Alexandru Ene (23 / 14); Valeriu Neagu (23 / 10); Ion Suru (22 / 7); Nicolae Maghe\u0163 (11 / 2); Mihai Raica (1 / 0); Gheorghe Ni\u0163ulescu (1 / 0). (league appearances and goals listed in brackets)", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 38], "content_span": [39, 595]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072723-0002-0000", "contents": "1955 FC Dinamo Bucure\u0219ti season, Squad, Transfers\nTitus Ozon leaves Dinamo after five years in the red and white shirt, bound for Progresul Bucure\u0219ti, newly promoted team. The main transfer made by Dinamo is the goalkeeper Petru Curcan from Stiinta Timi\u015foara.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 49], "content_span": [50, 259]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072724-0000-0000", "contents": "1955 FC Steaua Bucure\u0219ti season\nThe 1955 season was FC Steaua Bucure\u0219ti's 8th season since its founding in 1947.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [31, 31], "content_span": [32, 112]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072725-0000-0000", "contents": "1955 Finnish Cup\nThe 1955 Finnish Cup (Finnish: Suomen Cup) was the 1st season of the main annual association football cup competition in Finland. It was organised as a single-elimination knock\u2013out tournament and participation in the competition was voluntary. The final was held at the Olympic Stadium, Helsinki on 20 November 1955 with Valkeakosken Haka defeating Helsingin Palloseura by 5-1 before an attendance of 3,021 spectators.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 16], "section_span": [16, 16], "content_span": [17, 435]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072726-0000-0000", "contents": "1955 Five Nations Championship\nThe 1955 Five Nations Championship was the twenty-sixth series of the rugby union Five Nations Championship. Including the previous incarnations as the Home Nations and Five Nations, this was the sixty-first series of the northern hemisphere rugby union championship. Ten matches were played between 8 January and 26 March. It was contested by England, France, Ireland, Scotland and Wales.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [30, 30], "content_span": [31, 420]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072726-0001-0000", "contents": "1955 Five Nations Championship\nFrance missed out on a maiden Grand Slam after losing to Wales at Stade Colombes.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [30, 30], "content_span": [31, 112]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072727-0000-0000", "contents": "1955 Florida A&M Rattlers football team\nThe 1955 Florida A&M Rattlers football team was an American football team that represented Florida A&M University as a member of the Southern Intercollegiate Athletic Conference (SIAC) during the 1955 college football season. In their 11th season under head coach Jake Gaither, the Rattlers compiled a 7\u20131\u20131 record, won the SIAC championship, and outscored opponents by a total of 369 to 94. The team played its home games at Bragg Stadium in Tallahassee, Florida.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [39, 39], "content_span": [40, 504]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072727-0001-0000", "contents": "1955 Florida A&M Rattlers football team\nThe Rattlers' sole loss was to undefeated Grambling in the Orange Blossom Classic. Florida A&M had been favored prior to the game, but Grambling upset the Rattlers to win the black college football national championship. Florida A&M was ranked No. 3 in the final rankings of black college football times issued by the Pittsburgh Courier.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [39, 39], "content_span": [40, 377]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072727-0002-0000", "contents": "1955 Florida A&M Rattlers football team\nThe team's statistical leaders included Willie Galimore with 780 rushing yards, Lawrence Williams with 299 passing yards, and Al Frazier with 258 receiving yards and 78 points scored. Galimore later played seven years with the Chicago Bears and was inducted into the College Football Hall of Fame.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [39, 39], "content_span": [40, 337]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072728-0000-0000", "contents": "1955 Florida Gators football team\nThe 1955 Florida Gators football team represented the University of Florida during the  1955 college football season. The season was Bob Woodruff's sixth as the head coach of the Florida Gators football team. The Gators played their only eight-game Southeastern Conference schedule before the 1990s, and probably the most difficult of the 1950s. The standout Gator players included offensive and defensive tackle John Barrow, halfback and punter Don Chandler, two-way halfback Jackie Simpson and defensive back John Symank.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [33, 33], "content_span": [34, 557]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072728-0000-0001", "contents": "1955 Florida Gators football team\nThe highlights of the 1955 season included three conference victories over the Mississippi State Maroons (20\u201314), LSU Tigers (18\u201314) and Georgia Bulldogs (19\u201313). The Gators closed out the season with a knife's edge 7\u20136 road loss to the Miami Hurricanes in their home stadium in Miami, Florida. Woodruff's 1955 Florida Gators finished 4\u20136 overall and 3\u20135 in the SEC, placing tenth of twelve teams in the conference.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [33, 33], "content_span": [34, 449]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072729-0000-0000", "contents": "1955 Florida State Seminoles football team\nThe 1955 Florida State Seminoles football team represented Florida State University in the 1955 college football season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 42], "section_span": [42, 42], "content_span": [43, 163]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072730-0000-0000", "contents": "1955 Florida's 6th congressional district special election\nOn January 11, 1955, voters in Florida's 6th congressional district elected Democrat Paul Rogers to the United States House of Representatives. His father, Dwight L. Rogers, was the incumbent and had just been re-elected to the term in November 1954, but died December 1, 1954.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 58], "section_span": [58, 58], "content_span": [59, 336]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072731-0000-0000", "contents": "1955 Football Championship of the Ukrainian SSR\nThe 1955 Football Championship of UkrSSR were part of the 1955 Soviet republican football competitions in the Soviet Ukraine.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 47], "section_span": [47, 47], "content_span": [48, 173]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072732-0000-0000", "contents": "1955 Ford\nThe 1955 Ford is an automobile which was produced by Ford in the United States for the 1955 model year and, in revised form, for the 1956 model year. A new design would be offered in 1957.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 9], "section_span": [9, 9], "content_span": [10, 198]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072732-0001-0000", "contents": "1955 Ford, 1955\nThe American Ford line of cars gained a new body for 1955 to keep up with surging Chevrolet and Plymouth, although it remained similar to the 1952 Ford underneath.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 9], "section_span": [11, 15], "content_span": [16, 179]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072732-0001-0001", "contents": "1955 Ford, 1955\nThe Mileage Maker I6 was bumped up to 223\u00a0CID (3.7\u00a0L) for 120\u00a0hp (89\u00a0kW) and the new-for-1954 Y-block V8 was now offered in two sizes:  Standard Fords used a 272\u00a0CID (4.5\u00a0L) version with 162\u00a0hp (121\u00a0kW) with 2-barrel carburetor and single exhaust or 182\u00a0hp with 4-barrel carburetor and dual exhaust, but the large 292\u00a0CID (4.8\u00a0L) unit from the Thunderbird was also offered, boasting 193\u00a0hp (144\u00a0kW).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 9], "section_span": [11, 15], "content_span": [16, 415]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072732-0002-0000", "contents": "1955 Ford, 1955\nApart from the engine changes, customers were sure to notice the new Fairlane, which replaced the Crestline as the top trim level, while a new Crown Victoria-style featured a chrome \"basket handle\" across the familiar (and continued) \"Victoria\" hardtop roof, which originally appeared on the Mercury XM-800 concept car. This use of a styling feature to visually separate the front of the passenger compartment from the rear reappeared on the 1977-1979 Ford Thunderbird, the Ford LTD Crown Victoria, the Ford Fairmont Futura and Mercury Zephyr Z-7 coupes.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 9], "section_span": [11, 15], "content_span": [16, 570]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072732-0002-0001", "contents": "1955 Ford, 1955\nThe company now marketed three different rooflines on its two-door models; the tall two-pillar Mainline, Customline, and Fairlane sedans, pillarless hardtop Fairlane Victoria and the chrome-pillar Fairlane Crown Victoria. The Fairlane Crown Victoria was also offered with a transparent \"skylighted\" top. New brakes were used 11-inch (280\u00a0mm) drums. Also, Fords had a new frame, but still with five cross members.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 9], "section_span": [11, 15], "content_span": [16, 428]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072732-0003-0000", "contents": "1955 Ford, 1955\nThe Fords introduced for 1955 also featured the panoramic windshields found on Oldsmobiles, Buicks and Cadillacs the previous year. With this panoramic windshield the A-pillars have a vertical angle. this gives the driver more panoramic visibility.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 9], "section_span": [11, 15], "content_span": [16, 264]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072732-0004-0000", "contents": "1955 Ford, 1955\nFor the first time, Ford offered seat belts as a dealer option (not factory installed, with instructions provided by a Service Bulletin). Also new for 1955 was Ford's first factory installed air conditioner. This \u201cSelect Aire\u201d option featured an integrated heater core and evaporator coil unit within the dash and cold air discharge vents located on top of the dash on either side of the radio speaker. The \"Select Aire\" design was carried over to the 1956 models with slightly different cold air vents in the same location as on the 1955 models. The condenser was mounted in front of the radiator as in later cars.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 9], "section_span": [11, 15], "content_span": [16, 631]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072732-0005-0000", "contents": "1955 Ford, 1955\nThe 1955 Fords were marketed under separate names for each of the three trim levels: Ford Mainline, Ford Customline and Ford Fairlane. Station wagons were offered as a separate series for the first time for 1955. The Ranch Wagon and Custom Ranch Wagon were 2 door wagons while the Country Sedan and Country Squire models were 4 door wagons, the latter featuring wooden appliqu\u00e9 side mouldings. A sedan delivery variant was marketed as the Ford Courier.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 9], "section_span": [11, 15], "content_span": [16, 468]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072732-0006-0000", "contents": "1955 Ford, 1956\nThe eggcrate grille featured on the 1955 cars was widened into a series of rectangles for 1956, but this subtle exterior change was nothing compared to Ford's adoption of a 12-volt electrical system, with a six volt system optional. The Crown Victoria Skyliner's sales were plummeting with just 603 made, and it would be replaced by a convertible the next year. A new addition at midyear was the \"Town Victoria\" 4-door hardtop model which, along with the new Customline Victoria 2-door hardtop, were meant to compete with the Chevrolet Bel Air and Plymouth Belvedere. The Parklane, a Fairlane trimmed Tudor station wagon, was added to compete with the Chevrolet Nomad. There were new convenience options, such as a new air-conditioner system, a new heater, and a nine-tube signal-seeking radio. Instead of gauges, instrument cluster warning lights for oil pressure and ammeter were standard.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 9], "section_span": [11, 15], "content_span": [16, 907]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072732-0007-0000", "contents": "1955 Ford, 1956\nVictoria hardtop coupes now adopted the lower, sleeker roofline used by both 1955 and 1956 Crown Victoria,  sans the wide chrome roof trim.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 9], "section_span": [11, 15], "content_span": [16, 155]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072732-0008-0000", "contents": "1955 Ford, 1956\nThe Lifeguard safety package \u2014 consisting of seat belts, a padded dashboard, safety door locks,  a deep-dish steering wheel, and a breakaway rearview mirror \u2014 was introduced. The option was a slow-seller. The optional air conditioner, which remained expensive and thus a slow seller, was totally revamped; the compressor was now housed beneath the hood and the cooling vents were moved to atop the dashboard (it could not be ordered on the Thunderbird).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 9], "section_span": [11, 15], "content_span": [16, 469]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072732-0009-0000", "contents": "1955 Ford, Australian production\nThe 1955 Ford was also produced by Ford Australia which offered it as a V8 Customline 4-door sedan and as a V8 Mainline 2-door coupe utility. The latter body style was developed in Australia utilising an imported convertible chassis strengthened for load carrying. A limited number of Customline wagons was also built.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 9], "section_span": [11, 32], "content_span": [33, 351]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072732-0010-0000", "contents": "1955 Ford, Australian production\nThe 1955 model was the first Australian Ford to receive the new overhead-valve \"Y-block\" V8 engine, and went on sale at the end of July 1955. Australian Customlines and Mainlines received the 1956 US Ford facelift and then further makeovers in 1957 and 1958 with the final series utilizing the grille from 1955 Meteor of Canada. The 1957s, introduced in September 1957, were also available with the Fordomatic automatic transmission, and local parts content had been increased to 80\u00a0percent.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 9], "section_span": [11, 32], "content_span": [33, 524]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072732-0011-0000", "contents": "1955 Ford, Australian production\nBy 1958 the Customline was being marketed as the Ford V8 Fordomatic when supplied with automatic transmission. 1958 was also when the larger, 292\u00a0cu\u00a0in (4.79\u00a0L) V8 engine was introduced. Australian production ended the following year with the introduction of the 1959 US Ford which was locally produced in Custom 300, Fairlane 500 and Ranch Wagon models.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 9], "section_span": [11, 32], "content_span": [33, 387]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072733-0000-0000", "contents": "1955 Formula One season\nThe 1955 Formula One season was the ninth season of FIA Formula One motor racing. It featured the 1955 World Championship of Drivers, which commenced on 16 January 1955 and ended on September 11 after seven races. Juan Manuel Fangio won his second consecutive World Championship title in a season that was curtailed by tragedies.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [23, 23], "content_span": [24, 353]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072733-0001-0000", "contents": "1955 Formula One season\nThe season also included a number of non-championship Formula One races.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [23, 23], "content_span": [24, 96]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072733-0002-0000", "contents": "1955 Formula One season, Season summary\nMercedes drivers again dominated the championship, with Fangio taking four races, and his new teammate Stirling Moss the British Grand Prix. Ferrari won at Monaco after all of the Mercedes cars broke down and Lancia driver Alberto Ascari crashed into the harbour. Although Ascari was apparently unscathed, the double World Champion crashed fatally at Monza while testing sportscars four days later.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 39], "content_span": [40, 438]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072733-0003-0000", "contents": "1955 Formula One season, Season summary\nThe disaster at the 24 Hours of Le Mans on 11 June which killed Pierre Levegh and over 80 spectators led to the cancellations of the French, German, Spanish and Swiss Grands Prix. The French round, which was supposed to be held at Reims between the Dutch and British rounds, on 3 July, was first rescheduled to 25 September and subsequently cancelled. Then the German event, scheduled for 31 July at the N\u00fcrburgring, the Swiss round at Bremgarten, planned to take place on 21 August, and the Spanish round, on 23 October at Pedralbes, followed suit.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 39], "content_span": [40, 589]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072733-0003-0001", "contents": "1955 Formula One season, Season summary\nPedralbes and Bremgarten were then abandoned and never used again for racing; motor racing was banned altogether in Switzerland and no circuit race was held in Switzerland until the 2018 Z\u00fcrich ePrix. These cancellations effectively handed the Drivers' title to Fangio after he finished 2nd to Moss at the British Grand Prix; although he wasn't actually crowned champion until well after the British Grand Prix, because the German, Swiss and Spanish rounds were cancelled after the British Grand Prix took place.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 39], "content_span": [40, 552]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072733-0004-0000", "contents": "1955 Formula One season, Season summary\nThe 1955 season would be the final for Mercedes Benz as a constructor until the team's revival in 2010. It would also mark the final win for Mercedes until the 2012 Chinese Grand Prix.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 39], "content_span": [40, 224]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072733-0005-0000", "contents": "1955 Formula One season, Season summary\nAside from Ascari's death this year, Italian Mario Alborghetti died at the non-championship Pau Grand Prix in France driving a Maserati; and during the Indianapolis 500, two drivers were killed during the month-long event: Americans Manny Ayulo in practice and previous race winner Bill Vukovich during the race two weeks later.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 39], "content_span": [40, 368]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072733-0006-0000", "contents": "1955 Formula One season, Teams and drivers\nThe following teams and drivers competed in the 1955 FIA World Championship.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 42], "content_span": [43, 119]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072733-0007-0000", "contents": "1955 Formula One season, World Championship of Drivers standings\nChampionship points were awarded on an 8\u20136\u20134\u20133\u20132 basis for the first five places at each race. One point was awarded for fastest race lap at each race. Only the best five results counted towards the championship. Numbers without parentheses are Championship points; numbers in parentheses are total points scored.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 64], "content_span": [65, 378]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072733-0008-0000", "contents": "1955 Formula One season, Non-championship races\nOther Formula One races also held in 1955, which did not count towards the World Championship.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 47], "content_span": [48, 142]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072734-0000-0000", "contents": "1955 French Championships (tennis)\nThe 1955 French Championships (now known as the French Open) was a tennis tournament that took place on the outdoor clay courts at the Stade Roland-Garros in Paris, France. The tournament ran from 24 May until 4 June. It was the 59th staging of the French Championships, and the second Grand Slam tennis event of 1955. Tony Trabert and Angela Mortimer won the singles titles.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [34, 34], "content_span": [35, 410]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072734-0001-0000", "contents": "1955 French Championships (tennis), Finals, Men's Doubles\nVic Seixas /  Tony Trabert  defeated  Nicola Pietrangeli /  Orlando Sirola  6\u20131, 4\u20136, 6\u20132, 6\u20134", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [36, 57], "content_span": [58, 152]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072734-0002-0000", "contents": "1955 French Championships (tennis), Finals, Women's Doubles\nBeverly Baker Fleitz /  Darlene Hard defeated  Shirley Bloomer /  Patricia Ward 7\u20135, 6\u20138, 13\u201311", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [36, 59], "content_span": [60, 155]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072734-0003-0000", "contents": "1955 French Championships (tennis), Finals, Mixed Doubles\nDarlene Hard /  Gordon Forbes defeated  Jenny Staley /  Luis Ayala  5\u20137, 6\u20131, 6\u20132", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [36, 57], "content_span": [58, 139]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072735-0000-0000", "contents": "1955 French Championships \u2013 Men's Singles\nFirst-seeded Tony Trabert defeated Sven Davidson 2\u20136, 6\u20131, 6\u20134, 6\u20132 in the final to win the Men's Singles tennis title at the 1955 French Championships.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 41], "section_span": [41, 41], "content_span": [42, 194]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072735-0001-0000", "contents": "1955 French Championships \u2013 Men's Singles, Seeds\nThe seeded players are listed below. Tony Trabert is the champion; others show the round in which they were eliminated.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 41], "section_span": [43, 48], "content_span": [49, 168]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072736-0000-0000", "contents": "1955 French Championships \u2013 Women's Doubles\nThe Women's Doubles tournament at the 1955 French Championships was held from 24 May to 5 June 1955 on the outdoor clay courts at the Stade Roland Garros in Paris, France. The American team of Beverly Fleitz and Darlene Hard won the title, defeating the British pair of Shirley Bloomer and Pat Ward in the final in three sets.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 43], "section_span": [43, 43], "content_span": [44, 370]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072737-0000-0000", "contents": "1955 French Championships \u2013 Women's Singles\nSecond-seeded Angela Mortimer defeated Dorothy Knode 2\u20136, 7\u20135, 10\u20138 in the final to win the Women's Singles tennis title at the 1955 French Championships.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 43], "section_span": [43, 43], "content_span": [44, 198]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072737-0001-0000", "contents": "1955 French Championships \u2013 Women's Singles, Seeds\nThe seeded players are listed below. Angela Mortimer is the champion; others show the round in which they were eliminated.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 43], "section_span": [45, 50], "content_span": [51, 173]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072738-0000-0000", "contents": "1955 French Makalu expedition\nThe 1955 French Makalu expedition was the first to successfully climb Makalu, the Himalayan mountain 12 miles (19\u00a0km) to the southeast of Mount Everest, on the border between Nepal and Tibet. At 8,485 metres (27,838\u00a0ft) Makalu is the fifth-highest mountain in the world and an eight-thousander.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [29, 29], "content_span": [30, 324]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072738-0001-0000", "contents": "1955 French Makalu expedition\nThe expedition, led by Jean Franco, approached the mountain from the south through Nepal and then wound around into Tibet, in China, to reach the summit from the north face. Thanks to good snow conditions and weather, as well as good leadership, the entire team of mountaineers and one of the Sherpas reached the summit \u2013 Jean Couzy and Lionel Terray on 15 May 1955, followed next day by Jean Franco, Guido Magnone and Gyalzen Norbu; and then Jean Bouvier, Serge Coup\u00e9, Pierre Leroux and Andr\u00e9 Vialatte on 17 May.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [29, 29], "content_span": [30, 543]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072738-0002-0000", "contents": "1955 French Makalu expedition, Background, Topography\nMakalu is, after Mount Everest and Lhotse, the highest mountain on a ridge running east from Everest itself. The east-west Kangshung Glacier and the Kama valley in Tibet lie to the north of the ridge and the Barun Glacier and Barun River in Nepal flow along the southern flank. The high mountains Pethangse, Chago and Kangchungtse (also known as Makalu II) are also on the ridge between Everest and Makalu. At 8,485 metres (27,838\u00a0ft) Makalu is the fifth-highest mountain in the world and an eight-thousander. Chomo Lonzo (7,804 metres (25,604\u00a0ft)), is on a ridge northeast of Kangchungtse and due north of Makalu.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 53], "content_span": [54, 668]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072738-0003-0000", "contents": "1955 French Makalu expedition, Background, Topography\nMakalu is generally in the shape of a four-sided pyramid with its faces scooped out in vast cirques. Of its four ridges, two \u2013 the southeast and northwest \u2013 form the Tibet\u2013Nepal border and a third ridge, the southwest, slopes down to the Barun Glacier. The west cirque forms the face between the southwest and northwest ridges down which flows the Makalu Glacier and high up beside this glacier lies the smaller northwest cirque.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 53], "content_span": [54, 483]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072738-0004-0000", "contents": "1955 French Makalu expedition, Background, Exploration and climbing history\nWhen the 1921 British Mount Everest reconnaissance expedition was exploring the Kama valley to discover whether it afforded a route to Everest from the east, Makalu dominated the southern view. A party led by Charles Howard-Bury on a side excursionreached a 6,600-metre (21,500\u00a0ft) peak on the ridge between Makalu and Pethangtse and photographed the scene. Local inhabitants thought Makalu was higher than Everest because it is much more visible than Everest which is obscured by the surrounding high peaks.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 75], "content_span": [76, 584]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072738-0004-0001", "contents": "1955 French Makalu expedition, Background, Exploration and climbing history\nIn 1933 after two aircraft had flown over Mount Everest and aerial photographs had been taken of the region, The Times published a special supplement with a full-page photograph on the first page entitled \"the awe-inspiring summit of Everest as seen slightly from the north-west\" \u2013 in fact the photograph was of the northwest ridge of Makalu. In 1951 and 1952 two British reconnaissance expeditions in Nepal assessed the west face of Makalu from a climbing perspective.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 75], "content_span": [76, 545]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072738-0005-0000", "contents": "1955 French Makalu expedition, Background, Exploration and climbing history\nIn 1954 the first American party to Himalaya, led by William Siri and with Ang Tharkay as sirdar, attempted the mountain from the Barun Glacier via the northwest and southeast ridges. On the latter route they reached 7,150 metres (23,460\u00a0ft). At very much the same time a party led by Edmund Hillary also examined the northwest ridge.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 75], "content_span": [76, 410]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072738-0006-0000", "contents": "1955 French Makalu expedition, Background, Exploration and climbing history\nFollowing the French triumph on Annapurna in 1950, Nepal had granted France an opportunity for climbing Everest in 1954 but this became a less prestigious  prospect after the British success in 1953. French mountaineers' ideas turned to Makalu because it was an attractive and challenging peak which had not been attempted previously. Exploration as well as mountaineering would be required. They were granted slots for autumn 1954 and spring 1955.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 75], "content_span": [76, 524]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072738-0006-0001", "contents": "1955 French Makalu expedition, Background, Exploration and climbing history\nSo, the same French party that was to reach Makalu's summit in 1955 carried out a reconnaissance expedition in 1954 that reached Makalu Col, just below Kangchungtse on Makalu's northwest ridge. From there they reached the summits of Kangchungtse (7,660 metres (25,120\u00a0ft)) and Chomo Lonzo and ascended to about 7,800 metres (25,600\u00a0ft) on the northwest ridge towards the top of Makalu itself.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 75], "content_span": [76, 468]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072738-0007-0000", "contents": "1955 French Makalu expedition, Preparations, Expedition members\nIn 1954 the climbers were: Jean Franco, leader; Jean Bouvier (supplies); Jean Couzy (specialised equipment including oxygen); Pierre Leroux; Guido Magnone (technical repairs and development) and Lionel Terray (filming) together with Jean Rivolier (doctor) and Pierre Bordet (geologist). In 1955 Serge Coup\u00e9 and Andr\u00e9 Vialatte (transport and liaison with Gyalzen Norbu) also took part as climbers and Michel Latreille was a second geologist. Andr\u00e9 Lapras replaced Rivolier as doctor.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 63], "content_span": [64, 546]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072738-0008-0000", "contents": "1955 French Makalu expedition, Preparations, Expedition members\nGyalzen Norbu was the chief Sherpa (sirdar) and Pasang Phutar the head porter (replaced in 1955 by Kindjock Tsering, on leave from the Brigade of Gurkhas). The nine Sherpas in 1954 were Ang Tsering; Da Norbu; Eila Namgyal; Gyalzen II; Mingma Tsering; Pa Norbu; Pemba Norbu; Pemba Tenzing and Tashi.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 63], "content_span": [64, 362]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072738-0008-0001", "contents": "1955 French Makalu expedition, Preparations, Expedition members\nIn 1955 there were 23 Sherpas:  Aila; Ang Bao; Ang Phutar; Ang Tsering (cook, known as Panzy); Ang Tsering IV; Chotaree; Chumbee; Da Norbu; Dagang Norjee; Eila Namgyal; Gunden; Gyalzen II; Mingma Tsering I; Mingma Tsering II; Mingma Tenzing; Nim  Temba; Nim Tenzing; Pa Norbu; Pasang Dawa; Pemba Norbu; Pemba Tenzing; Tashi and Wongdi.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 63], "content_span": [64, 399]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072738-0009-0000", "contents": "1955 French Makalu expedition, Preparations, Expedition members\nIn 1954 there were 180 porters, mostly men but some women, taking 6.5 tons of baggage to Base Camp and in 1955 this was increased to 315 porters and 11 tons of baggage.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 63], "content_span": [64, 232]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072738-0010-0000", "contents": "1955 French Makalu expedition, Preparations, Techniques and equipment\nFranco, the team leader, liaised with Maurice Herzog, leader of the 1950 Annapurna expedition. Acclimatisation issues were discussed with Griffith Pugh of the 1953 Everest expedition and Couzy developed acclimatisation and supplementary oxygen procedures. Magnone dealt with procuring suitable oxygen equipment. The 1952 Swiss Everest team, based on their own experience, advised using the autumn 1954 opportunity to mount a reconnaissance effort, followed in 1955 by a full-scale attempt on the summit.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 69], "content_span": [70, 573]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072738-0011-0000", "contents": "1955 French Makalu expedition, Preparations, Techniques and equipment\nOpen-circuit oxygen equipment was to be used by the climbers above Camp IV and Sherpas above Camp V. An improved type, using a lighter metal alloy and able to hold a higher pressure of oxygen, was shipped out separately once the equipment was ready in January 1955. Unfortunately the new oxygen regulators  were often faulty but Magnone was able to improve them and he also enabled an increase in maximum flow by adding a second valve. They took French radio sets for receiving weather forecasts from Calcutta and for communications between camps. These they found light, simple to use and reliable.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 69], "content_span": [70, 669]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072738-0012-0000", "contents": "1955 French Makalu expedition, Preparations, 1954 reconnaissance\nThe reconnaissance in 1954 involved finding a suitable approach route up the line of the Arun River and, as well as appointing Sherpas from Sola Khumbu and Darjeeling, they hired local porters in Biratnagar and Sedoa. This approach was successful and was also used in 1955. Equipment was tested and, in particular, lightweight crampons with long spikes were found to be a good innovation. The Sherpas' feet were found far to short and wide for their boots to fit satisfactorily so they took templates for boots to be specially made for the following year. Unfortunately, the French manufacturers could not believe feet could be this shape and so made them the same as before.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 64], "content_span": [65, 740]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072738-0013-0000", "contents": "1955 French Makalu expedition, Preparations, 1954 reconnaissance\nThey investigated the two most likely routes to the summit \u2013 the southeast and northwest ridges \u2013 and climbed the neighbouring peaks of Chago, Pethangtse, Kangchungtse and Chomo Lonzo both for acclimatisation and to get a good view of Makalu's topography. This decided an approach up the Makalu Glacier in the west cirque leading to the upper northwest cirque and then a traverse beneath Kangchungtse leading to a steep climb up to the Makalu Col. They made an attempt for the summit along the northwest ridge but did not reach above about 7,800 metres (25,600\u00a0ft). To avoid the difficult northwest ridge in 1955 they planned to cross the Col and move onto the north face for the topmost 910 metres (3,000\u00a0ft).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 64], "content_span": [65, 775]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072738-0014-0000", "contents": "1955 French Makalu expedition, Preparations, 1954 reconnaissance\nIt was shown from experience that it was seriously counterproductive to spend more than ten days at Camp III or above.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 64], "content_span": [65, 183]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072738-0015-0000", "contents": "1955 French Makalu expedition, 1955 expedition, Departure from France and march-in\nThe expedition flew from Orly Airport and arrived in Calcutta on 12 March. Most of the equipment had been sent on ahead. However their oxygen sets were mistakenly transported to Rangoon rather than Calcutta so Couzy had to fly out there to sort things out while Coup\u00e9 waited behind for him in Dharan with a contingent of porters to catch up the main expedition. From Calcutta the party flew to Biratnagar in Nepal where they met their Sherpas from Darjeeling. They had to deal with custom officers when entering Nepal \u2013 the previous year there had been no customs formalities.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 82], "content_span": [83, 659]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072738-0015-0001", "contents": "1955 French Makalu expedition, 1955 expedition, Departure from France and march-in\nGyalzen Norbu could not speak French and had difficulty with English but in Nepalese he was very effective in dealing with matters and organising the Sherpas and porters. A very bumpy road led them by lorry to Dharan \u2013 in the 1954 monsoon they had taken three days to cover the thirty miles but this time the journey only took a few hours. Here they met the Sherpas hired from Sola Khumbu together with over a hundred porters from there who had trekked for 15 days across Nepal in the hope of being employed.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 82], "content_span": [83, 591]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072738-0016-0000", "contents": "1955 French Makalu expedition, 1955 expedition, Departure from France and march-in\nThe student geologists Bordet and Latreille departed on their separate expedition. On 20 March the trek towards Makalu began from Dharan where the Ganges plain starts to rise to become the Himalayan foothills. On the approach march the climbers did not carry loads and Sherpas only started carrying at Base Camp so the porters were left to labour under loads of 23\u201336 kilograms (50\u201380\u00a0lb). The porters from Sola Khumbu had plaits and wore long coats and multi-coloured boots whereas those from Darjeeling, with greater contact with Western culture, were more smartly dressed but looked less picturesque. The local porters wore loincloths and went barefoot. Panzy, the cook, had been on the French Annapurna expedition but since then he had been cook on several British expeditions and had developed a cuisine that did not suit the French palette.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 82], "content_span": [83, 929]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072738-0017-0000", "contents": "1955 French Makalu expedition, 1955 expedition, Departure from France and march-in\nThe route passed through a tropical afforested region to Dhankuta then went via Legua Ghat and on north beside the Arun river. Approaching the village of Num the Arun gorge was so deep the track had to leave the line of the river. At Num their trail had to cross the river on a 61\u201376-metre (200\u2013250\u00a0ft) rope bridge 15 metres (50\u00a0ft) above the water \u2013 the bridge had been repaired specially for them. Now able to see Makalu, they passed through the last inhabited places of Etane and Sedoa.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 82], "content_span": [83, 572]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072738-0017-0001", "contents": "1955 French Makalu expedition, 1955 expedition, Departure from France and march-in\nThe little village of Sedoa, set on the side of a mountain at 1,600 metres (5,200\u00a0ft) and far from the road north to Tibet, was where the Biratnagar porters were paid off after nine days' march. In turn 100 men from Sedoa were hired for the onward carry. It was here that mountaineering equipment was issued to replace lightweight clothing.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 82], "content_span": [83, 423]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072738-0018-0000", "contents": "1955 French Makalu expedition, 1955 expedition, Departure from France and march-in\nOn 30 March the party left Sedoa with additional auxiliary porters to support the Sherpas, chosen from among the most capable of the Sola Khumbu and Darjeeling porters. The trail rose to 4,200 metres (13,800\u00a0ft) and, in the wind and snow and with the temperature falling to \u221210\u00a0\u00b0C (14\u00a0\u00b0F) at night, the porters had hardly any clothes and only emergency tarpaulins to cover them at night when they resorted to huddling together in groups of 10 to 15. Two sheep they had been taking with them for food died of cold and fatigue. The previous autumn leeches had been a big difficulty but this year, in colder, dryer conditions, they were much less of a problem.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 82], "content_span": [83, 740]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072738-0019-0000", "contents": "1955 French Makalu expedition, 1955 expedition, Departure from France and march-in\nA runner brought news that Couzy had successfully retrieved the oxygen sets from Rangoon and was following five or six days behind Franco's party. In the event he arrived at base camp only two days after Franco.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 82], "content_span": [83, 294]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072738-0020-0000", "contents": "1955 French Makalu expedition, 1955 expedition, Base camp\nOn 4 April Franco and Magnone reached the snout of the Barun glacier where base camp was to be. At the previous year's site, somewhat higher, the water supply had vanished along with the vegetation. The equipment cached last year was still secure. Base Camp was well appointed. Sleeping tents were two-man with triple roofing, and there were communal tents and two very large mess-tents. In all there were thirty separate tents. They constructed a stone shack, which they called the \"Makalu Hotel\" with fireplace, chimney and a canvas roof. About mid April the geologists rejoined the main party.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 57], "content_span": [58, 654]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072738-0021-0000", "contents": "1955 French Makalu expedition, 1955 expedition, Base camp\nBack towards Sedoa there had been deep snow, which had not fallen at base camp and until this cleared they were not able to get additional supplies or post \u2013 mail runners took ten days to get from Jogbani to Base Camp, a distance of about 225 miles (362\u00a0km).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 57], "content_span": [58, 316]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072738-0022-0000", "contents": "1955 French Makalu expedition, 1955 expedition, Base camp\nPacks of food and climbing gear were prepared for going up the mountain. These weighed 25 kilograms (55\u00a0lb) for taking to Camp III, 20 kilograms (45\u00a0lb) for Camp IV and 16 kilograms (35\u00a0lb) for above that. Transporting tbese supplies involved 20 to 30 people setting off for Camp I each day. On 23 April the expedition as a whole occupied Camp I with only a small group staying at base to return again to Sedoa and make a last carry to Camp I. No one returned to Base Camp until after Makalu had been climbed.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 57], "content_span": [58, 567]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072738-0023-0000", "contents": "1955 French Makalu expedition, 1955 expedition, Northwest cirque\nOn 23 April Camp I was established in a small dip on a rocky spur at 5,300 metres (17,390\u00a0ft) and Camp II, established 29 April, was above a rocky hummock at the entry to the northwest cirque. Acclimatisation training continued during this time and Franco identified Terray and Couzy as likely lead candidates for the summit but he felt happy to have a very strong team around him. The weather was good \u2013 sunny and calm in the mornings but windy and cloudy with snow showers in the afternoons. Only once was there a violent storm.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 64], "content_span": [65, 595]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072738-0023-0001", "contents": "1955 French Makalu expedition, 1955 expedition, Northwest cirque\nThey had arranged for radio broadcasts of weather forecasts from Radio Calcutta but nothing materialised until one day they received a forecast along with ones for the Germans concurrently on Dhaulagiri, where the forecast was for severe storms, and for the British Kangchenjunga expedition. Franco's party could see poor weather around them on Everest, Lhotse and Chamlang which encouraged them to hasten their preparations. Latreille and Vialatte took the opportunity of climbing Pethangtse prior to Latreille and Bourdet embarking on further geologising around Sola Khumbu and Namche Bazaar.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 64], "content_span": [65, 659]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072738-0023-0002", "contents": "1955 French Makalu expedition, 1955 expedition, Northwest cirque\nSupplies were continually being carried by the Sherpas as high as Camp III which was stocked to become Advanced Base Camp. There the tents were set in 0.91 metres (3\u00a0ft) deep platforms dug into the glacier and by 10 May the camp held sufficient supplies and equipment for a summit attempt. Cooking could not be done on paraffin stoves at such an altitude and so gas cylinders needed to be used.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 64], "content_span": [65, 459]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072738-0024-0000", "contents": "1955 French Makalu expedition, 1955 expedition, Northwest cirque\nThe plan from Camp III to Camp V at Makalu Col was as follows. The route upward would be made suitable for Sherpas with heavy loads and eventually over 760 metres (2,500\u00a0ft) of fixed rope were set in place. Pairs of climbers each accompanied by a few Sherpas would carry loads up each day and would immediately drop down to Camp III or below to make way for a subsequent team. To be successful this would require reliable radio communications and good weather.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 64], "content_span": [65, 525]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072738-0024-0001", "contents": "1955 French Makalu expedition, 1955 expedition, Northwest cirque\nAbove Camp III the Sherpas were to be given the same high-altitude rations as the French climbers. A single \"heavy carry\" would be done to establish Camp V on the Col in one large effort with at least 20 Sherpas becoming involved. An immediate descent to as low a camp as possible would be necessary because acclimatisation was impossible at the height of the Col. Bouvier and Leroux had found that on the traverse beyond Camp III what had been an easy snowy terrace in 1954 was now very slippery bare ice.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 64], "content_span": [65, 571]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072738-0025-0000", "contents": "1955 French Makalu expedition, 1955 expedition, Northwest cirque\nCamp IV was at a place they called the balcony, high on the back wall of the northwest cirque and between two couloirs, and to reach there high-altitude clothes were used by climbers and Sherpas alike. Fixed ropes were installed for the traverse and steps were cut up the 20-metre (65\u00a0ft) wall sloping at about 45\u00b0 and crossing the bergschrund at about 6,750 metres (22,150\u00a0ft).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 64], "content_span": [65, 443]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072738-0025-0001", "contents": "1955 French Makalu expedition, 1955 expedition, Northwest cirque\nEventually, after much rope-setting and relaying of stores, Camp V, on Makalu Col, was reached on 8 May and the \"heavy carry\" to establish this camp took place the next day, all in favourable weather. Camp V now held supplies enough for several teams to spend a few days if they were stormbound.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 64], "content_span": [65, 360]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072738-0026-0000", "contents": "1955 French Makalu expedition, 1955 expedition, Summit attempts\nFrom the large and desolate Makalu Col the attempts on the summit were to be across the north face of Makalu because it seemed more straightforward than the direct line up the northwest ridge. They had not ventured on the north face in 1954 but had been able to observe it from Chomo Lonzo and Kangchungtse. It was hoped that only one camp would be needed for the last 910 metres (3,000\u00a0ft) of the mountain.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 63], "content_span": [64, 471]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072738-0026-0001", "contents": "1955 French Makalu expedition, 1955 expedition, Summit attempts\nOn the north side of the mountain a wide glacier slopes gradually down into Tibet from between Kangchungtse, Makalu and Chomo Lonzo before it becomes a series of huge icefalls plunging down to the Kama valley and Kangshung glacier. After a gradual ascent to about 8,100 metres (26,600\u00a0ft) the slope gets a lot steeper when a spur leads towards the summit.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 63], "content_span": [64, 419]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072738-0027-0000", "contents": "1955 French Makalu expedition, 1955 expedition, Summit attempts\nFrom 9 May, Camp V on the Col could be accessed safely by Sherpas in fine weather, even when unaccompanied by climbers. Equipment, including three tents, left behind from 1954 was still available. Given the considerable supplies at Camp III and above, the plan was for separate groups of climbers each to attempt the summit at 24-hour intervals. The first party of Couzy and Terray with five Sherpas in support would pitch Camp VI, send the Sherpas down, and attempt the summit next day.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 63], "content_span": [64, 551]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072738-0027-0001", "contents": "1955 French Makalu expedition, 1955 expedition, Summit attempts\nThe second party of Franco and Magnone would use Camp VI overnight before trying for the summit or, if the first party had turned back, would pitch a higher Camp VII at 8,000\u20138,080 metres (26,250\u201326,500\u00a0ft) and attempt the summit the day after. If these attempts failed, a team of Bouvier, Coup\u00e9, Leroux and Vialatte would try, succeeded a day later by a second attempt by the first four climbers. The twelve strongest Sherpas would provide support, using oxygen above Camp V whereas the French climbers would use it above Camp IV. Lapras, the doctor, ascended to Camp III and Vialatte was to be temporarily in charge of the expedition until Franco himself returned safely.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 63], "content_span": [64, 737]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072738-0028-0000", "contents": "1955 French Makalu expedition, 1955 expedition, Summit attempts\nOver the next few days progress went very much according to plan. On 11 May, as Franco and his team started their ascent from Camp I, he was surprised to find Gyalzen Norbu going down. He was in Franco's own summit team and yet was descending from Camp II. It turned out Gyalzen Norbu was just going down to Camp I to say goodbye to his wife and would be back up at Camp II by first thing next morning. He was wearing his high-altitude clothes \u2013 a padded suit trimmed with fur \u2013 so Franco guessed this was to impress his wife.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 63], "content_span": [64, 590]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072738-0029-0000", "contents": "1955 French Makalu expedition, 1955 expedition, Summit attempts\nOn 13 May Couzy and Terray reached the Col while Franco and his team gained Camp IV where, unusually, the wind had dropped completely and overnight the temperature had fallen to \u221226\u00a0\u00b0C (\u221214\u00a0\u00b0F). On 14 May two of the five Sherpas on the Col, who were scheduled to help establish Camp VI, were unfit to go on so the lead climbers went ahead with only three very heavily laden Sherpas in gales that had helped to blow clear loose snow. They successfully pitched a tent at 7,800 metres (25,600\u00a0ft) and the Sherpas set off down.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 63], "content_span": [64, 587]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072738-0029-0001", "contents": "1955 French Makalu expedition, 1955 expedition, Summit attempts\nThe wind had dropped and the snow underfoot was in good condition. When Franco reached Camp V on 14 May he sent the two ill Sherpas down with one of his own Sherpas but soon the three Sherpas descending from Camp VI turned up in an exhausted and distressed state. After they had recovered somewhat it emerged that all three had taken a fall of over 100 metres (330\u00a0ft) but the details never became clear. They could not stay at Camp V and Franco felt forced to send them on down to Camp IV for the night. At the end of the day the weather forecast came through predicting fine weather over the whole chain of mountains.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 63], "content_span": [64, 683]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072738-0030-0000", "contents": "1955 French Makalu expedition, 1955 expedition, Summit attempts\nOn 15 May 1955, after a night when the temperature had reached \u221233\u00a0\u00b0C (\u221227\u00a0\u00b0F), the weather was indeed fine and clear as Couzy and Terray reached the summit. It was the most pointed snow summit Couzy had ever seen, \"just like a pencil point\" and with a knife-edged ridge leading there. When descending they crossed with Franco's team at Camp VI in \"a moment of supreme joy\".", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 63], "content_span": [64, 438]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072738-0030-0001", "contents": "1955 French Makalu expedition, 1955 expedition, Summit attempts\nA second tent was pitched at Camp VI and Franco invited Gyalzen Norbu to join with him and Magnone in trying for the summit next day and for Da Norbu to stay at Camp VI to support their return. To help the others next day, that night Da Norbu voluntarily slept without using his oxygen.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 63], "content_span": [64, 350]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072738-0031-0000", "contents": "1955 French Makalu expedition, 1955 expedition, Summit attempts\nFor Franco, his summit day went perfectly and on the summit the weather was so calm that he, Magnone and Gyalzen Norbu stayed for a long time. The summit was so sharp all three could only stand on it together when belayed with their ice axes. Only the highest peaks could be seen above a layer of cloud but they could see Chamlang, Kangchenjunga (over 60 miles (100\u00a0km) away) and Everest. Franco accidentally let his camera slip and it fell down the south face beyond a line of rocks about 18 metres (60\u00a0ft) below.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 63], "content_span": [64, 578]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072738-0031-0001", "contents": "1955 French Makalu expedition, 1955 expedition, Summit attempts\nThe loss of the camera was not so important but all thirty-five photographs taken on the ascent were gone. To Gyalzen Norbu's horror Franco was let down on a rope held by Magnone to where he managed to retrieve the camera. They had planted French and Nepalese flags on the summit but they took them back down with them to leave the mountain without festoons. Between Camps V and VI they met the third, reserve, party who had climbed all the way up from Camp III in one day using oxygen continuously. They also were to experience the finest climb of their lives when they reached the summit next day.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 63], "content_span": [64, 663]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072738-0032-0000", "contents": "1955 French Makalu expedition, 1955 expedition, Summit attempts\nThey all celebrated back at Base Camp by firing their unused distress flares into the air as a violent wind blew monsoon clouds across the sky.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 63], "content_span": [64, 207]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072738-0033-0000", "contents": "1955 French Makalu expedition, Assessment\nThe expedition marked the first time on an eight-thousand foot mountain that the entire team of climbers had reached the summit. The American Alpine Journal thought Franco deserved high praise for his excellent organisation supported by splendid equipment. R.R.E. Chorley, writing in the Alpine Journal, considered that the reason the expedition had no adventures was because it had been so well conducted. Their luck with the weather was to disguise the importance of good leadership and careful planning.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 41], "content_span": [42, 548]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072738-0033-0001", "contents": "1955 French Makalu expedition, Assessment\nFranco unobtrusively managed seven very individualistic climbers in a way that led to them following a coherent plan and to do so happily. Chorley thought that without supplementary oxygen perhaps only one pair would have reached the summit and so oxygen was a positive asset to the enjoyment of the expedition. Writing presciently in 1956 he continued \"It is an irony of history to think that in fifty years' time the Makalu expedition will have sunk into almost complete oblivion when contrasted with Annapurna\".", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 41], "content_span": [42, 556]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072739-0000-0000", "contents": "1955 French Togoland Territorial Assembly election\nTerritorial Assembly elections were held in French Togoland on 12 June 1955. The Togolese Party of Progress and the Union of Chiefs and Peoples of the North both won 15 of the 30 seats. The Committee of Togolese Unity boycotted the elections.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 50], "section_span": [50, 50], "content_span": [51, 293]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072740-0000-0000", "contents": "1955 French motorcycle Grand Prix\nThe 1955 French motorcycle Grand Prix was the second round of the 1955 Grand Prix motorcycle racing season. It took place on 15 May 1955 at the Reims-Gueux circuit.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [33, 33], "content_span": [34, 198]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072741-0000-0000", "contents": "1955 Fresno State Bulldogs football team\nThe 1955 Fresno State Bulldogs football team represented Fresno State College during the 1955 college football season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [40, 40], "content_span": [41, 159]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072741-0001-0000", "contents": "1955 Fresno State Bulldogs football team\nThe team was led by fourth-year head coach Clark Van Galder and played home games at Ratcliffe Stadium on the campus of Fresno City College in Fresno, California. They finished the season with the best record in the California Collegiate Athletic Association (CCAA) for the second consecutive year, but no champion was named. The team had a record of nine wins and one loss (9\u20131, 2\u20130 CCAA).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [40, 40], "content_span": [41, 431]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072741-0002-0000", "contents": "1955 Fresno State Bulldogs football team, Team players in the NFL\nNo Fresno State Bulldogs were selected in the 1956 NFL Draft.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [42, 65], "content_span": [66, 127]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072742-0000-0000", "contents": "1955 Gateshead West by-election\nThe Gateshead West by-election of 7 December 1955 was held after the death of Labour MP (MP) John Hall:", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [31, 31], "content_span": [32, 135]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072742-0001-0000", "contents": "1955 Gateshead West by-election\nThe seat was safe, having been won by Labour at the 1955 United Kingdom general election by over 10,000 votes", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [31, 31], "content_span": [32, 141]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072743-0000-0000", "contents": "1955 Gator Bowl\nThe 1955 Gator Bowl, part of the 1955 bowl game season, was the eleventh annual contest and took place on December 31, 1955, at the Gator Bowl Stadium in Jacksonville, Florida. The competing teams were the Auburn Tigers and the Vanderbilt Commodores, both representing the Southeastern Conference (SEC). Vanderbilt upset favored Auburn 25\u201313 to secure their first ever bowl victory. This remained the lone bowl victory for the Commodores until their 16\u201314 victory over Boston College in the 2008 Music City Bowl.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 15], "section_span": [15, 15], "content_span": [16, 528]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072743-0001-0000", "contents": "1955 Gator Bowl, Teams, Auburn\nThe 1955 Auburn squad finished the regular season 8\u20131\u20131. The Tigers lost to Tulane and tied Kentucky en route to their third-place finish in the conference. They accepted an invitation to play in the Gator Bowl against Vanderbilt in the days following their victory over long-time rival Alabama. The appearance was the fifth overall bowl appearance and third consecutive in the Gator Bowl for the Tigers.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 15], "section_span": [17, 30], "content_span": [31, 435]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072743-0002-0000", "contents": "1955 Gator Bowl, Teams, Vanderbilt\nThe 1955 Vanderbilt squad finished the regular season 7\u20133. The Commodores lost to Georgia, Ole Miss and Tennessee. They accepted an invitation to play in the Gator Bowl in the days following their loss to Tennessee. The appearance was the first all-time bowl appearance for Vanderbilt.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 15], "section_span": [17, 34], "content_span": [35, 320]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072743-0003-0000", "contents": "1955 Gator Bowl, Game summary\nVanderbilt got on the scoreboard first after Don Orr threw a seven-yard touchdown pass to Joe Stephenson to give the Commodores a 7\u20130 lead. Auburn responded on the next drive to tie the game at seven after Howell Tubbs connected with Fob James for a 38-yard touchdown reception. The Commodores retook a 13\u20137 lead on the next drive after Orr scored on a three-yard touchdown run to cap a five-play, 76-yard drive that included a 45-yard run by Orr himself.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 15], "section_span": [17, 29], "content_span": [30, 485]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072743-0003-0001", "contents": "1955 Gator Bowl, Game summary\nAfter having a 51-yard Orr touchdown pass called back because of a holding penalty, Vanderbilt scored later in the quarter on a one-yard Orr touchdown run. The Commodores then scored their final points on the first play of the fourth quarter when Don Hunt scored on a one-yard touchdown run to give Vanderbilt a 25\u20137 lead. Auburn scored the final points of the game late in the fourth when Joe Childress caught a seven-yard touchdown pass from Jimmy Cook to make the final score 25\u201313. For their performances, Vanderbilt quarterback Don Orr and Auburn running back Joe Childress mere named co-MVPs of the game.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 15], "section_span": [17, 29], "content_span": [30, 640]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072744-0000-0000", "contents": "1955 Gent\u2013Wevelgem\nThe 1955 Gent\u2013Wevelgem was the 17th edition of the Gent\u2013Wevelgem cycle race and was held on 3 April 1955. The race started in Ghent and finished in Wevelgem. The race was won by Briek Schotte.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 18], "section_span": [18, 18], "content_span": [19, 211]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072745-0000-0000", "contents": "1955 George Washington Colonials football team\nThe 1955 George Washington Colonials football team was an American football team that represented George Washington University as part of the Southern Conference during the 1955 college football season. In their fourth season under head coach Bo Sherman, the team compiled a 5\u20134 record (3\u20132 in the SoCon).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 46], "section_span": [46, 46], "content_span": [47, 352]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072746-0000-0000", "contents": "1955 Georgia Bulldogs football team\nThe 1955 Georgia Bulldogs football team represented the Georgia Bulldogs of the University of Georgia during the 1955 college football season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [35, 35], "content_span": [36, 178]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072747-0000-0000", "contents": "1955 Georgia Tech Yellow Jackets football team\nThe 1955 Georgia Tech Yellow Jackets football team represented the Georgia Institute of Technology during the 1955 college football season. The Yellow Jackets were led by 11th-year head coach Bobby Dodd and played their home games at Grant Field in Atlanta.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 46], "section_span": [46, 46], "content_span": [47, 304]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072747-0001-0000", "contents": "1955 Georgia Tech Yellow Jackets football team\nEarly victories over Miami (FL) and Florida had Georgia Tech eyeing the Southeastern Conference crown and a possible national championship. But the Yellow Jackets were upset by Auburn at home, their first loss to the Tigers since 1940. Another setback, a tie to Tennessee, kept them from sharing the SEC title with Ole Miss. They finished the regular season ranked 7th in the AP Poll, and accepted an invitation to the 1956 Sugar Bowl, where they defeated Pittsburgh, 7\u20130.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 46], "section_span": [46, 46], "content_span": [47, 519]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072748-0000-0000", "contents": "1955 German football championship\nThe 1955 German football championship was the culmination of the football season in West Germany in 1954-55. Rot -Weiss Essen were crowned champions for the first time after a group stage and a final.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [33, 33], "content_span": [34, 234]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072748-0001-0000", "contents": "1955 German football championship\nIt was Rot-Weiss Essen's first (and only) appearance in the German final, while Kaiserslautern were making their fifth appearance. It was also the fourth time Kaiserlautern had reached the final in five years, following their championship wins in 1951 and 1953, and their defeat in 1954.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [33, 33], "content_span": [34, 321]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072748-0002-0000", "contents": "1955 German football championship\nThe format used to determine the German champions was different from that which was used in the 1954 season. Nine teams qualified for the tournament, with those who qualified as a runner-up having to play qualifying matches. The remaining eight teams were split into two groups of four, and played two rounds of matches with games played home and away. The two group winners then played the national final.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [33, 33], "content_span": [34, 440]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072749-0000-0000", "contents": "1955 German motorcycle Grand Prix\nThe 1955 German motorcycle Grand Prix was the fourth round of the 1955 Grand Prix motorcycle racing season. It took place on 26 June 1955 at the N\u00fcrburgring circuit.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [33, 33], "content_span": [34, 199]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072750-0000-0000", "contents": "1955 Giro d'Italia\nThe 1955 Giro d'Italia was the 38th\u00a0edition of the Giro d'Italia, one of cycling's Grand Tours. The Giro started off in Milan on 14 May with a 163\u00a0km (101.3\u00a0mi) flat stage and concluded back in Milan with a 141\u00a0km (87.6\u00a0mi) relatively flat mass-start stage on 5 June. Fourteen teams entered the race, which was won by Italian Fiorenzo Magni of the Nivea-Fuchs team. Second and third respectively were Italian riders Fausto Coppi and Gastone Nencini.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 18], "section_span": [18, 18], "content_span": [19, 468]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072750-0001-0000", "contents": "1955 Giro d'Italia\nIn the 20th stage, arriving in San Pellegrino Terme, Magni and Coppi attacked Gastone Nencini (who was leading the general classification) taking advantage of a puncture he suffered in an unpaved road section. Coppi won the stage (his last victory in the Giro) and Magni took the lead in the general classification.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 18], "section_span": [18, 18], "content_span": [19, 334]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072750-0002-0000", "contents": "1955 Giro d'Italia, Teams\nFourteen teams were invited by the race organizers to participate in the 1955 edition of the Giro d'Italia. Each team sent a squad of seven riders, which meant that the race started with a peloton of 98 cyclists. From the riders that began the race, 72 made it to the finish in Milan.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 18], "section_span": [20, 25], "content_span": [26, 310]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072750-0003-0000", "contents": "1955 Giro d'Italia, Classification leadership\nOne jersey was worn during the 1955 Giro d'Italia. The leader of the general classification \u2013 calculated by adding the stage finish times of each rider \u2013 wore a pink jersey. This classification is the most important of the race, and its winner is considered as the winner of the Giro.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 18], "section_span": [20, 45], "content_span": [46, 330]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072750-0004-0000", "contents": "1955 Giro d'Italia, Classification leadership\nThe mountains classification leader. The climbs all awarded three points to the first rider and one point to the second rider to cross the summit. Although no jerseys were awarded, there was also two classification for the teams, in which the teams were awarded points for their rider's performance during the stages. One classification was for the teams based inside Italy and the other was for teams based outside of Italy.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 18], "section_span": [20, 45], "content_span": [46, 471]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072751-0000-0000", "contents": "1955 Giro di Lombardia\nThe 1955 Giro di Lombardia, 49th edition of the race, was held on October 23, 1955 in Milan, Italy with a total distance of 222\u00a0km (~137.9 miles).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [22, 22], "content_span": [23, 169]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072751-0001-0000", "contents": "1955 Giro di Lombardia\n116 cyclists started from Milan, 91 of them had completed the race.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [22, 22], "content_span": [23, 90]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072752-0000-0000", "contents": "1955 Governor General's Awards\nIn Canada, the 1955 Governor General's Awards for Literary Merit were the nineteenth such awards. The awards in this period had no monetary prize but were an honour for the authors.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [30, 30], "content_span": [31, 212]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072753-0000-0000", "contents": "1955 Grambling Tigers football team\nThe 1955 Grambling Tigers football team represented Grambling State University as a member of the Midwestern Conference (MWC) during the 1955 college football season. In their 13th season under head coach Eddie Robinson, the Tigers compiled a perfect 10\u20130 record, won the MWC championship, upset Florida A&M in the Orange Blossom Classic, and outscored opponents by a total of 330 to 54. The team was recognized by the Pittsburgh Courier as the black college football national champion for 1955.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [35, 35], "content_span": [36, 531]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072754-0000-0000", "contents": "1955 Grand National\nThe 1955 Grand National was the 109th renewal of the Grand National horse race that took place at Aintree Racecourse near Liverpool, England, on 26 March 1955.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [19, 19], "content_span": [20, 179]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072754-0001-0000", "contents": "1955 Grand National\nThirty horses ran in the race, which was won by 100/9 shot Quare Times, who was ridden by jockey Pat Taaffe and trained by Vincent O'Brien. This was O'Brien's third consecutive Grand National win.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [19, 19], "content_span": [20, 216]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072754-0002-0000", "contents": "1955 Grand National\nEarly Mist, the previous year's winner and another O'Brien-trained mount, was the favourite. In attendance at Aintree were The Queen Mother (who owned M'as Tu Vu who was also running in the race), and her daughters Queen Elizabeth II and Princess Margaret.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [19, 19], "content_span": [20, 276]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072754-0003-0000", "contents": "1955 Grand National\nSeveral fences had been reduced in severity following an outcry over four equine fatalities in the previous year's National. The heavy going meant the 16th fence (the Water Jump) was omitted \u2014 the first time in Grand National history that not all 30 fences were jumped.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [19, 19], "content_span": [20, 289]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072755-0000-0000", "contents": "1955 Grand Prix motorcycle racing season\nThe 1955 Grand Prix motorcycle racing season was the seventh F.I.M. Road Racing World Championship Grand Prix season. The season consisted of eight Grand Prix races in five classes: 500cc, 350cc, 250cc, 125cc and Sidecars 500cc. It began on 1 May, with Spanish Grand Prix and ended with Nations Grand Prix in Italy on 4 September.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [40, 40], "content_span": [41, 371]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072755-0001-0000", "contents": "1955 Grand Prix motorcycle racing season, Standings, Scoring system\nPoints were awarded to the top six finishers in each race. Only the four best races counted in the Sidecars, 125cc and 250cc, while in the 350cc and 500cc championships, the five best results were counted.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [42, 67], "content_span": [68, 273]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072756-0000-0000", "contents": "1955 Great Plains tornado outbreak\nThe 1955 Great Plains tornado outbreak was a deadly tornado outbreak that struck the southern and central U.S Great Plains States on May 25\u201326, 1955. It produced at least 46 tornadoes across seven states including two F5 tornadoes in Blackwell, Oklahoma, and Udall, Kansas that caused most of the casualties. The outbreak killed 102 from three tornadoes while injuring hundreds more. Unusual electromagnetic activity was observed, including St. Elmo's fire.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [34, 34], "content_span": [35, 492]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072756-0001-0000", "contents": "1955 Great Plains tornado outbreak, Confirmed tornadoes, Blackwell, Oklahoma\nThe Blackwell tornado formed in Noble County at around 9:00\u00a0pm CDT before crossing through the eastern portions of the Kay County town of Blackwell as an F5 wedge tornado. Then about 400\u00a0yd (0.23\u00a0mi) wide (Grazulis 1991), It claimed the lives of 20 people in Blackwell and injured over 200 before crossing into and dissipating over Cowley County, Kansas. Along with destroying nearly 200 homes, the tornado also demolished the town's main employers including the Acme Foundry and the Hazel Atlas Glass plant. 400 homes were destroyed or swept away, and 500 other homes were damaged. 60 businesses were also destroyed and the local hospital also sustained major damage. Most of the western half of the town was spared the worst of the damage.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [36, 76], "content_span": [77, 818]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072756-0002-0000", "contents": "1955 Great Plains tornado outbreak, Confirmed tornadoes, Udall, Kansas\nAbout 30\u00a0minutes after producing the Blackwell tornado, the same supercell produced another violent and long-tracked tornado just east of the first tornado track near the Kansas/Oklahoma border. It proceeded northward across Sumner and Cowley Counties. The town of Udall was especially hard hit with F5\u00a0damage that included the disintegration of numerous structures and homes all across the town. Even the town's water tower was toppled. The funnel, about 1,300\u00a0yd (0.74\u00a0mi) wide, hit Udall at around 10:30\u00a0pm CDT. Half of the town's population was killed or injured.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [36, 70], "content_span": [71, 638]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072756-0002-0001", "contents": "1955 Great Plains tornado outbreak, Confirmed tornadoes, Udall, Kansas\nNumerous homes and businesses were destroyed, many of which were swept away. Vehicles were thrown hundreds of yards and mangled beyond recognition, including a pickup truck that was wrapped around a tree and stripped of everything but its frame and tires. The Udall public school building sustained major damage, with beams snapped and blown away. The tornado later dissipated after traveling over 50\u00a0mi (80\u00a0km) from the Oklahoma border to southeast of Wichita. This tornado was the deadliest in the state's history with 80\u00a0fatalities and 273\u00a0injuries.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [36, 70], "content_span": [71, 623]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072756-0003-0000", "contents": "1955 Great Plains tornado outbreak, Other tornadoes\nIn addition to the F5 tornadoes, NWS officials confirmed an additional F2 tornado near Tonkawa which may have been either part of the Blackwell tornado or a satellite tornado. Other tornadoes in the region occurred on May 27 near the same region but did little damage. Among them were those produced by a thunderstorm which traveled through the Oklahoma City, Oklahoma area, where it produced weak tornadoes with minimal damage in the towns of Norman and Chickasha.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [36, 51], "content_span": [52, 517]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072756-0004-0000", "contents": "1955 Great Plains tornado outbreak, Other tornadoes\nAnother deadly tornado occurred south of Woodward and at Cheyenne in Roger Mills County in southwestern Oklahoma, killing two people. This storm originated from the Texas Panhandle. The final tornado in the hardest-hit region occurred during the early morning hours of May 26 when a weak tornado occurred in Salisaw in Sequoyah County near the Arkansas border.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [36, 51], "content_span": [52, 412]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072756-0005-0000", "contents": "1955 Great Plains tornado outbreak, Other tornadoes\nNumerous tornadoes occurred across the Midwestern states from Arkansas to Illinois. The strongest tornado was located near the Little Rock area but no fatalities were reported with this tornado or any other on May 26.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [36, 51], "content_span": [52, 269]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072757-0000-0000", "contents": "1955 Green Bay Packers season\nThe 1955 Green Bay Packers season was their 37th season overall and their 35th season in the National Football League. The team finished with a 6\u20136 record under coach Lisle Blackbourn, earning them a third-place finish in the Western Conference.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [29, 29], "content_span": [30, 275]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072757-0001-0000", "contents": "1955 Green Bay Packers season, Regular season, Standings\nNote: Tie games were not officially counted in the standings until 1972.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 56], "content_span": [57, 129]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072758-0000-0000", "contents": "1955 Greenock by-election\nThe Greenock by-election, 1955 was a parliamentary by-election held on 8 December 1955 for the British House of Commons constituency of Greenock in Renfrewshire, Scotland.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [25, 25], "content_span": [26, 197]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072758-0001-0000", "contents": "1955 Greenock by-election\nThe vacancy had been created by the death of the incumbent Labour MP Hector McNeil, and the seat was won by the future Labour Minister Dickson Mabon.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [25, 25], "content_span": [26, 175]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072758-0002-0000", "contents": "1955 Greenock by-election, Candidates\nLabour selected Mabon, who at only thirty would become the youngest Labour MP. He had served as a Bevin Boy and in the army. He had been chairman of the Labour Club (1948\u201350), then chairman of the National Association of Labour Students in 1949\u20131950, and finally president of Glasgow University Union in 1951\u201352, and of the Scottish Union of Students, 1954\u201355.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [27, 37], "content_span": [38, 398]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072758-0003-0000", "contents": "1955 Greenock by-election, Candidates\nThe Unionist candidate was Ian MacArthur, who was also thirty, and who worked as an associate director of a marketing and advertising company; he had also contested the seat at the general election earlier that year.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [27, 37], "content_span": [38, 254]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072759-0000-0000", "contents": "1955 Guatemalan parliamentary election\nParliamentary elections were held in Guatemala on 18 December 1955. The result was a victory for the National Democratic Movement, which won 58 of the 66 seats in Congress.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [38, 38], "content_span": [39, 211]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072760-0000-0000", "contents": "1955 Guild of Television Producers and Directors Awards\nThe 1955 Guild of Television Producers and Directors Awards were presented at the \"Television Ball\", held at the Savoy Hotel in London. They were the first major television awards of their kind in the United Kingdom. Following the Guild's merger with the British Film Academy they later became known as the British Academy Television Awards, under which title they are still given.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 55], "section_span": [55, 55], "content_span": [56, 437]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072761-0000-0000", "contents": "1955 Haitian parliamentary election\nParliamentary elections were held in Haiti on 9 January 1955. They were rigged by President Paul Magloire to ensure that Daniel Fignol\u00e9 (a former leader of the Peasant Worker Movement Party that\u00a0Magloire had banned) would not be elected to the Chamber of Deputies.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [35, 35], "content_span": [36, 300]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072761-0001-0000", "contents": "1955 Haitian parliamentary election\nFollowing the elections, Fignol\u00e9 was jailed and his Haiti Democratique newspaper was shut down. Magloire also cracked down on institutions he saw as potential sources of dissent, dissolving the Faculty of Medicine and closing schools across the country.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [35, 35], "content_span": [36, 289]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072762-0000-0000", "contents": "1955 Hardin\u2013Simmons Cowboys football team\nThe 1955 Hardin\u2013Simmons Cowboys football team was an American football team that represented Hardin\u2013Simmons University in the Border Conference during the 1955 college football season. In its first season under head coach Sammy Baugh, the team compiled a 5\u20135 record (3\u20132 against conference opponents), finished in third place in the conference, and was outscored by a total of 256 to 221. The team played its home games at Parramore Stadium, also known as Parramore Field, in Abilene, Texas.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 41], "section_span": [41, 41], "content_span": [42, 533]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072762-0001-0000", "contents": "1955 Hardin\u2013Simmons Cowboys football team\nNo Hardin-Simmons players were named to the 1955 All-Border Conference football team.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 41], "section_span": [41, 41], "content_span": [42, 127]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072763-0000-0000", "contents": "1955 Harvard Crimson football team\nThe 1955 Harvard Crimson football team was an American football team that represented Harvard University during the 1955 college football season. In their sixth year under head coach Lloyd Jordan, the Crimson compiled a 3\u20134\u20131 record but outscored opponents 143 to 114. William M. Meigs was the team captain.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [34, 34], "content_span": [35, 342]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072763-0001-0000", "contents": "1955 Harvard Crimson football team\nThis would be Harvard's final year as a football independent, as the Ivy League, which Harvard had helped co-found in 1954, began football competition in 1956. Six of the eight opponents on the Crimson's 1955 schedule were Ivy League members (with Penn the only Ivy not scheduled); for decades, (future) Ivy members had comprised a large portion of Harvard's opponents.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [34, 34], "content_span": [35, 404]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072763-0002-0000", "contents": "1955 Harvard Crimson football team\nHarvard played its home games at Harvard Stadium in the Allston neighborhood of Boston, Massachusetts.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [34, 34], "content_span": [35, 137]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072764-0000-0000", "contents": "1955 Hawaii R6D-1 crash\nThe 1955 Hawaii R6D-1 crash was an accident involving a Douglas R6D-1 Liftmaster of the United States Navy which crashed into a mountain peak in Hawaii on 22 March 1955, killing all 66 people on board.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [23, 23], "content_span": [24, 225]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072764-0000-0001", "contents": "1955 Hawaii R6D-1 crash\nAt the time, it was the worst crash involving any variant of the Douglas DC-6 airliner the second-worst aviation accident in U.S. history, and one of the worst air accidents anywhere in history, and it equalled the 11 August mid-air collision of two United States Air Force C-119G Flying Boxcars over West Germany and the 6 October United Airlines Flight 409 crash as the deadliest air accident of 1955. It remains the worst air disaster in the history of Hawaii and the deadliest accident involving a heavier-than-air aircraft in the history of United States naval aviation.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [23, 23], "content_span": [24, 599]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072764-0001-0000", "contents": "1955 Hawaii R6D-1 crash, Aircraft\nThe R6D-1 involved, Bureau Number 131612, had been manufactured in 1953 and was based at Moffett Field, California. The R6D-1 was the U.S. Navy version of the United States Air Force's C-118 Liftmaster and of the civilian Douglas DC-6B airliner.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 33], "content_span": [34, 279]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072764-0002-0000", "contents": "1955 Hawaii R6D-1 crash, Flight history\nThe R6D-1 was carrying a U.S. Navy crew of nine and was loaded to capacity with 57 passengers on a Military Air Transport Service flight from Tokyo, Japan, to Travis Air Force Base, California, via Hickam Air Force Base, Territory of Hawaii. The passengers included 55 servicemen \u2013 17 U.S. Air Force, 22 United States Army, 12 United States Marine Corps, and four U.S. Navy personnel \u2013 and two civilians, who were the wife and three-year-old daughter of one of the military passengers. After making its stop at Hickam, the aircraft took off at 6:06\u00a0p.m. local time on 21 March 1955 for the final leg of its flight to California. The crew began to experience radio problems, and four hours and 20 minutes after departure they decided to return to Hickam.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 39], "content_span": [40, 793]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072764-0003-0000", "contents": "1955 Hawaii R6D-1 crash, Flight history\nThe R6D-1 was flying in a heavy rainstorm as it descended to land at Hickam early on 22 March 1955. At 2:03\u00a0a.m. local time while on its descent, the aircraft flew into 3,098-foot (944\u00a0m) Pali Kea Peak at the southern end of Oahu's Waianae Range, 15 miles (24\u00a0km) northwest of Honolulu. Eyewitnesses reported that the pilot turned his landing lights on just before striking the mountain and, presumably seeing the mountain ahead, banked sharply to avoid it. The maneuver was too late, and the R6D-1 struck a sheer cliff about 200 feet (61\u00a0m) below the tip of the peak and exploded.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 39], "content_span": [40, 621]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072764-0004-0000", "contents": "1955 Hawaii R6D-1 crash, Flight history\nThe explosion was loud enough to sound like a thunderclap to witnesses five miles (8\u00a0km) away. During the impact, the wings separated from the aircraft's fuselage, which already was ablaze as it fell in one piece to the bottom of a gully at a point about 2,000 yards (1,800\u00a0m) from the Lualualei Naval Ammunition Magazine and burned. Witnesses reported that the fire was large enough to redden the night sky for over two hours, and remained hot enough that rescuers were unable to approach the wreckage for several hours. No survivors were found.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 39], "content_span": [40, 586]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072764-0005-0000", "contents": "1955 Hawaii R6D-1 crash, Flight history\nThe accident was the first of two major air disasters involving an R6D-1 in less than 19 months, the second being the disappearance of an R6D-1 over the Atlantic Ocean in October 1956.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 39], "content_span": [40, 224]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072764-0006-0000", "contents": "1955 Hawaii R6D-1 crash, Investigation\nThe post-crash investigation concluded that the R6D-1's crew had made a navigational error which placed the aircraft 8 miles (13\u00a0km) off course. Straying into the Waianae Range in darkness without realizing their error until almost the last second, the crew flew the aircraft into the peak.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 38], "content_span": [39, 329]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072765-0000-0000", "contents": "1955 Hawaii Rainbows football team\nThe 1955 Hawaii Rainbows football team represented the University of Hawai\u02bbi at M\u0101noa as an independent during the 1955 college football season. In their fourth season under head coach Hank Vasconcellos, the Rainbows compiled a 7\u20134 record.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [34, 34], "content_span": [35, 274]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072766-0000-0000", "contents": "1955 Hawaiian submarine eruption\nThe 1955 Hawaiian submarine eruption was a submarine eruption that occurred 90\u00a0km (56\u00a0mi) northeast of Necker Island on August 20, 1955. Steaming water, water discoloration and an eruption column took place during the eruption. A possible pumice raft was also witnessed. The eruption originated about 4\u00a0km (2.5\u00a0mi) below sea level from an unnamed submarine volcano. The eruption produced a column of smoke several meters high. It is probably the westernmost historical eruption within the Hawaiian Islands. Another but less certain submarine eruption may have occurred 60\u00a0km (37\u00a0mi) northwest of Oahu on May 22, 1956.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [32, 32], "content_span": [33, 650]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072767-0000-0000", "contents": "1955 Hawthorn Football Club season\nThe 1955 season was the Hawthorn Football Club's 31st season in the Victorian Football League and 54th overall.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [34, 34], "content_span": [35, 146]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072768-0000-0000", "contents": "1955 Hokkaido gubernatorial election\nA gubernatorial election was held on 23 April 1955 to elect the Governor of Hokkaido Prefecture.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [36, 36], "content_span": [37, 133]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072768-0001-0000", "contents": "1955 Hokkaido gubernatorial election, Results\nThis Japanese elections-related article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by .", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 45], "content_span": [46, 124]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072769-0000-0000", "contents": "1955 Holy Cross Crusaders football team\nThe 1955 Holy Cross Crusaders football team was an American football team that represented the College of the Holy Cross as an independent during the 1955 college football season. In its 12th year under head coach Eddie Anderson, the team compiled a 6\u20134 record.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [39, 39], "content_span": [40, 301]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072769-0001-0000", "contents": "1955 Holy Cross Crusaders football team\nThe team played its home games at Fitton Field on the college's campus in Worcester, Massachusetts.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [39, 39], "content_span": [40, 139]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072770-0000-0000", "contents": "1955 Hong Kong municipal election\nThe 1955 Urban Council election was held on 30 March 1955 for the 2 of the 4 elected seats of the Urban Council of Hong Kong. It was the fourth Urban Council election in the post-war period.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [33, 33], "content_span": [34, 224]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072770-0001-0000", "contents": "1955 Hong Kong municipal election\nThe turnout was low compared to last year as only 3,650 voters cast their votes, 1,540 ballots from Hong Kong Island and 374 from Kowloon. Brook Bernacchi and Woo Pak-chuen of the Reform Club were reelected. G.O. Jones who ran against the Reform Club for the third time was defeated.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [33, 33], "content_span": [34, 317]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072771-0000-0000", "contents": "1955 Houston Cougars football team\nThe 1955 Houston Cougars football team was an American football team that represented the University of Houston in the Missouri Valley Conference (MVC) during the 1955 college football season. In its first season under head coach Bill Meek, the team compiled a 6\u20134 record (2\u20132 against conference opponents) and finished in third place out of five teams in the MVC. Jim Blackstone and Lavell Isbell were the team captains. The team played its home games at Rice Stadium in Houston.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [34, 34], "content_span": [35, 515]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072772-0000-0000", "contents": "1955 Howard Bulldogs football team\nThe 1955 Howard Bulldogs football team was an American football team that represented Howard College (now known as the Samford University) as an independent during the 1955 college football season. In their first year under head coach Howard Foote, the team compiled a record of 1\u20138. Seniors James Chandler and Wayne Walker were the team captains.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [34, 34], "content_span": [35, 382]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072773-0000-0000", "contents": "1955 Humboldt State Lumberjacks football team\nThe 1955 Humboldt State Lumberjacks football team represented Humboldt State College during the 1955 college football season. Humboldt State competed in the Far Western Conference (FWC).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 45], "section_span": [45, 45], "content_span": [46, 232]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072773-0001-0000", "contents": "1955 Humboldt State Lumberjacks football team\nThe 1955 Lumberjacks were led by fifth-year head coach Phil Sarboe. They played home games at the Redwood Bowl in Arcata, California. Humboldt State finished with a record of seven wins, three losses and one tie (7\u20133\u20131, 2\u20132\u20131 FWC). The Lumberjacks outscored their opponents 254\u2013171 for the season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 45], "section_span": [45, 45], "content_span": [46, 343]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072773-0002-0000", "contents": "1955 Humboldt State Lumberjacks football team, Team players in the NFL\nNo Humboldt State players were selected in the 1956 NFL Draft.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 45], "section_span": [47, 70], "content_span": [71, 133]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072774-0000-0000", "contents": "1955 Hunter Valley floods\nThe Hunter Valley Floods (also known as the Maitland Flood) of 23 February 1955 was a major flood on the Hunter River in New South Wales, Australia. They were one of the most devastating natural disasters in Australia's history.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [25, 25], "content_span": [26, 254]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072774-0001-0000", "contents": "1955 Hunter Valley floods\nThe flood overwhelmed rivers on both sides of the Great Dividing Range, creating an inland sea the size of England and Wales. Worst hit was the inland city of Maitland, which is sited precariously on low-lying land on the Hunter, and which on this occasion was completely inundated by floodwaters. A total of 25 lives were claimed during a week of flooding that washed away 58 homes and damaged 103 beyond repair. In Maitland alone, 2180 homes were invaded by water.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [25, 25], "content_span": [26, 492]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072774-0002-0000", "contents": "1955 Hunter Valley floods, History, Background\nHeavy rain owing to the influence of La Ni\u00f1a had been occurring over the catchment of the Hunter River since October 1954 when, on 23 February 1955, an extremely intense monsoonal depression developed over southern Queensland and north-east New South Wales and moved southwards. The very strong and extremely moist northeasterly airflow meant that over the basin of the Hunter and parts of the Darling River, rainfall amounts for a 24\u2011hour period were the highest since instrumental records began around 1885. Around Coonabarabran, as much as 327 millimetres (over 13\u00a0inches) fell in a single day, whilst falls in the upper part of the Hunter Basin the following day were generally around 200 millimetres (8\u00a0inches).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [27, 46], "content_span": [47, 763]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072774-0003-0000", "contents": "1955 Hunter Valley floods, History, Flooding\nWith such heavy rain on already very wet ground the Hunter, along with tributaries of the Darling (Castlereagh, Namoi and Macquarie especially). reached levels quite unprecedented since measurements were first taken about 100 years earlier. For instance, the Namoi's discharge, normally only about 25 cubic metres (875 cubic feet) per second, reached a massive 9000 cubic metres (320,000 cubic feet) per second, whilst the Macquarie peaked at around 6100 cubic metres (215,000 cubic feet) per second.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [27, 44], "content_span": [45, 545]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072774-0004-0000", "contents": "1955 Hunter Valley floods, History, Flooding\nIn Maitland the Hunter exceeded its August 1952 record height by nearly a metre, flooding as many as 5000 homes with as much as five metres of muddy water. 15,000 people were evacuated, most by boat or helicopter, whilst 31 homes were never rebuilt. In Dubbo, four thousand residents were evacuated as the main street was under more than a metre of turgid, muddy water, and the same thing occurred all along the Macquarie River, and at Gilgandra, a third of the buildings were completely destroyed. A hole torn in the main street was later found to contain two large semi-trailers.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [27, 44], "content_span": [45, 626]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072774-0005-0000", "contents": "1955 Hunter Valley floods, History, Flooding\nThe floods took altogether the lives of 25 people. Some 2,000 cattle and many thousands of head of other livestock were drowned. The damage to bridges, roads, railways and telephone lines took months to repair. There also were millions of pounds worth of crops destroyed.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [27, 44], "content_span": [45, 316]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072774-0006-0000", "contents": "1955 Hunter Valley floods, Timeline\nBelow in a timeline of the six days over which Maitland was ravaged by floodwaters:", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [27, 35], "content_span": [36, 119]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072774-0007-0000", "contents": "1955 Hunter Valley floods, Resulting flood-warning system\nAt the time of the Hunter Valley flood, there was no system in place to monitor and predict the height of rivers, the likelihood of flooding, nor was there an effective system for disseminating this information. Some of these functions were done by State governments, but they were not nationally coordinated. The 1955 flood provided the political impetus for the federal Bureau of Meteorology to develop a national flood monitoring and forecasting service.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [27, 57], "content_span": [58, 515]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072775-0000-0000", "contents": "1955 ICF Canoe Slalom World Championships\nThe 1955 ICF Canoe Slalom World Championships were held in Tacen, Yugoslavia (now in Slovenia) under the auspices of International Canoe Federation. It was the 4th edition. The Mixed C2 event debuted at these championships.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 41], "section_span": [41, 41], "content_span": [42, 265]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072776-0000-0000", "contents": "1955 IRFU College Draft\nThe 1955 IRFU College Draft was the third and final official sports draft held by the Interprovincial Rugby Football Union, a predecessor of the East Division of the Canadian Football League, in the spring of 1955. 41 players were chosen from among eligible players from five eastern universities, McGill University, Queen's University, University of Toronto, University of Western Ontario, and McMaster University. The Ottawa Rough Riders had the first selection, Gino Fracas, in the last draft to feature eastern teams exclusively.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [23, 23], "content_span": [24, 557]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072777-0000-0000", "contents": "1955 Ice Hockey World Championships\nThe 1955 Ice Hockey World Championships was the 22nd edition of the Ice Hockey World Championships. The tournament was held in D\u00fcsseldorf, Dortmund, Krefeld and Cologne, West Germany from February 25 to March 6, 1955. A total of 14 nations participated in this World Championship, which was a new record for the postwar era. As a result, the teams were seeded with the strongest 9 teams placed in Pool A (the championship pool) and the remaining 5 nations as well as the West German B team placed in Pool B.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [35, 35], "content_span": [36, 543]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072777-0001-0000", "contents": "1955 Ice Hockey World Championships\nCanada, represented by the Penticton Vees of the Okanagan Senior League won their 16th international title. For the second straight year both the Soviets and Canadians were undefeated until they played each other in the final game of the tournament. This time Canada won 5\u20130 giving the Soviets the silver medal, and their second European Championship. Czechoslovakia won the bronze by dominating the weaker teams, drawing the Americans, and narrowly defeating the Swedes.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [35, 35], "content_span": [36, 507]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072777-0002-0000", "contents": "1955 Ice Hockey World Championships\nDespite the victory, the Canadian Press reported sentiments from Canadian players and spectators that \"Canada should never again take part in the tournament under its present setup\", and Canadian Amateur Hockey Association president W. B. George was concerned that the game in Europe took on political and religious meanings in which Canada did not want to become involved.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [35, 35], "content_span": [36, 409]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072778-0000-0000", "contents": "1955 Idaho State Bengals football team\nThe 1955 Idaho State Bengals football team was an American football team that represented Idaho State University in the Rocky Mountain Conference (RMC) during the 1955 college football season. In their fourth season under head coach Babe Caccia, the Bengals compiled an 8\u20131 record (6\u20130 against conference opponents), won the RMC championship, and outscored opponents by a total of 171 to 70. The team captains were Larry Kent and Howard Green.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [38, 38], "content_span": [39, 482]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072779-0000-0000", "contents": "1955 Idaho Vandals football team\nThe 1955 Idaho Vandals football team represented the University of Idaho in the 1955 college football season. The\u00a0Vandals were led by second-year head coach Skip Stahley and were members of the Pacific Coast Conference. Home\u00a0games were played on campus at Neale Stadium in\u00a0Moscow, with one home game in Boise at old Bronco Stadium at Boise Junior College.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [32, 32], "content_span": [33, 388]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072779-0001-0000", "contents": "1955 Idaho Vandals football team\nIdaho compiled a 2\u20137 overall record and lost all four games in the PCC. After seven losses to open, including three straight shutouts, they won their last two\u00a0games.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [32, 32], "content_span": [33, 198]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072779-0002-0000", "contents": "1955 Idaho Vandals football team\nThe Vandals lost the Battle of the Palouse with neighbor Washington State, blanked 0\u20139 at home on October\u00a015. Idaho\u00a0won the previous year in Pullman, the first win over the Cougars since 1925; the next came in 1964. In\u00a0the rivalry game with Montana, Idaho ran its  winning streak over the Grizzlies to four and retained the Little Brown Stein.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [32, 32], "content_span": [33, 376]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072779-0003-0000", "contents": "1955 Idaho Vandals football team, Notable players\nThis Vandal team had two sophomores who went on to extended careers in professional football.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 49], "content_span": [50, 143]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072779-0004-0000", "contents": "1955 Idaho Vandals football team, Notable players\nJerry Kramer of Sandpoint played eleven seasons at right guard with the Green Bay Packers and won five NFL titles (and the first two Super Bowls) under head coach Vince Lombardi. He was an All-Pro five times and was the lead blocker on the famous Packers sweep. Kramer made the NFL's all-decade team for the 1960s and was the last member of the NFL's 50th anniversary team to be inducted into the Pro Football Hall of Fame, at age 82 in 2018.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 49], "content_span": [50, 492]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072779-0005-0000", "contents": "1955 Idaho Vandals football team, Notable players\nWayne Walker of Boise played fifteen seasons with the Detroit Lions as an outside linebacker and was named All-Pro three times. Both were selected in the fourth round of the 1958 NFL Draft; Kramer was 39th overall and Walker 45th, and both were periodic placekickers as pros. (As Vandals, Kramer was the kicker and Walker was the long snapper.)", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 49], "content_span": [50, 394]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072779-0006-0000", "contents": "1955 Idaho Vandals football team, All-conference\nNo Vandals were on the All-PCC team or the second team. Honorable mention were fullback Wilbur Gary and sophomore center Wayne Walker.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 48], "content_span": [49, 183]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072779-0007-0000", "contents": "1955 Idaho Vandals football team, NFL Draft\nOne junior from the 1955 Vandals was selected in the 1957 NFL Draft:", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 43], "content_span": [44, 112]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072780-0000-0000", "contents": "1955 Illinois Fighting Illini football team\nThe 1955 Illinois Fighting Illini football team was an American football team that represented the University of Illinois during the 1955 Big Ten Conference football season. In their 14th year under head coach Ray Eliot, the Illini compiled a 5\u20133\u20131 record and finished in fifth place in the Big Ten Conference. Quarterback Em Lindbeck was selected as the team's most valuable player.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 43], "section_span": [43, 43], "content_span": [44, 427]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072781-0000-0000", "contents": "1955 Indian Rajya Sabha elections\nRajya Sabha elections were held on various dates in 1955, to elect members of the Rajya Sabha, Indian Parliament's upper chamber.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [33, 33], "content_span": [34, 163]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072781-0001-0000", "contents": "1955 Indian Rajya Sabha elections, Elections, Members elected\nThe following members are elected in the elections held in 1955. They are members for the term 1955-1961 and retire in year 1961, except in case of the resignation or death before the term. The list is incomplete.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 61], "content_span": [62, 275]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072781-0002-0000", "contents": "1955 Indian Rajya Sabha elections, Bye-elections\nThe following bye elections were held in the year 1955.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 48], "content_span": [49, 104]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072782-0000-0000", "contents": "1955 Indiana Hoosiers football team\nThe 1955 Indiana Hoosiers football team represented the Indiana Hoosiers in the 1955 Big Ten Conference football season. The Hoosiers played their home games at Memorial Stadium in Bloomington, Indiana. The team was coached by Bernie Crimmins, in his fourth year as head coach of the Hoosiers.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [35, 35], "content_span": [36, 329]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072783-0000-0000", "contents": "1955 Indianapolis 500\nThe 39th International 500-Mile Sweepstakes was held at the Indianapolis Motor Speedway on Monday, May 30, 1955. The event was part of the 1955 AAA National Championship Trail and was race 3 of 7 in the 1955 World Championship of Drivers.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [21, 21], "content_span": [22, 260]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072783-0001-0000", "contents": "1955 Indianapolis 500\nThe race is notable to many as the race in which Bill Vukovich was killed in a crash while seemingly on his way to an unprecedented third consecutive Indy 500 win.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [21, 21], "content_span": [22, 185]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072783-0002-0000", "contents": "1955 Indianapolis 500, Time trials, Saturday May 14 \u2013 Pole Day time trials\nGusty winds, as well as the threat of rain, was observed on pole day, therefore nearly all of the competitors stayed off the track. Around the garage area, the drivers and teams agreed amongst themselves to sit out time trials for the afternoon, and instead qualify together in better conditions on Sunday. However, in the final 20 minutes, Jerry Hoyt, who had not been informed about the agreement, suddenly put his car in line, and pulled away for an unexpected qualifying attempt.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [23, 74], "content_span": [75, 558]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072783-0002-0001", "contents": "1955 Indianapolis 500, Time trials, Saturday May 14 \u2013 Pole Day time trials\nHis speed of 140.045\u00a0mph was not spectacular, but as the fastest (and only) car thus far of the day, he sat on the pole position. Without hesitation, Tony Bettenhausen, Sr. took to the track moments later. After two fast laps, he was slowed by a gust of wind, and qualified second. Sam Hanks and Pat O'Connor got their cars ready, but neither were able to complete attempts. The day closed with only two cars in the field, and Hoyt the surprising pole winner \u2013 to the dismay of several in the garage area.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [23, 74], "content_span": [75, 580]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072783-0003-0000", "contents": "1955 Indianapolis 500, Time trials, Sunday May 15 \u2013 Second day time trials\nQualifying resumed in better conditions, and most of the drivers who stayed off the track Saturday took to the track on Sunday. Jack McGrath (142.580\u00a0mph) was the fastest qualifier, and lined up third. Hoyt's pole-winning speed from the day before ended up being only the 8th-fastest overall in the field \u2013 a record slowest ranked pole speed.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [23, 74], "content_span": [75, 417]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072783-0004-0000", "contents": "1955 Indianapolis 500, Time trials, Sunday May 15 \u2013 Second day time trials\nNear the end of the day, Manny Ayulo crashed due to a possible steering fault and died the following day.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [23, 74], "content_span": [75, 180]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072783-0005-0000", "contents": "1955 Indianapolis 500, Starting grid\nR\u00a0 = Indianapolis 500 rookie; \u00a0W\u00a0 = Former Indianapolis 500 winner", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [23, 36], "content_span": [37, 103]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072783-0006-0000", "contents": "1955 Indianapolis 500, Race recap\nJack McGrath, starting from the outside despite the fastest qualifying time, grabbed the initial lead, but was quickly challenged by Bill Vukovich, who was looking for his third consecutive win. Vukovich took the lead on lap four, surrendering it back to McGrath on lap 15 but regaining it on lap 16. Fred Agabashian, who had finished in the top ten the previous two years spun on lap 39 and could not continue. McGrath chased Vukovich until lap 54, when he pulled over with mechanical problems.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [23, 33], "content_span": [34, 529]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072783-0006-0001", "contents": "1955 Indianapolis 500, Race recap\nDespite getting out of the car and attempting to repair it himself, he was forced to drop out with a magneto issue. With Vukovich having a considerable lead on lap 56, Rodger Ward, several laps down, flipped over twice, either due to a problem with the wind, oil, or breaking an axle. Although he landed on his wheels, the car was facing the wrong way. Al Keller, attempting to avoid Ward, turned to the inside, going close to or on to the grass, before turning hard to the right and coming quickly back up the track and contacting Johnny Boyd.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [23, 33], "content_span": [34, 578]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072783-0006-0002", "contents": "1955 Indianapolis 500, Race recap\nBoyd's car careened into Vukovich, who appeared to be attempting to also go to the left of Ward. Vukovich made a last second attempt to avoid Boyd to the right, but Boyd's car sent Vukovich hard into the outside barrier. Vukovich's front end also lifted into the air, causing the front to clear the barrier and the car to contact it with the rear, sending the car into a cartwheel, during which it hit several vehicles parked outside the track, and possibly a pole.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [23, 33], "content_span": [34, 499]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072783-0006-0003", "contents": "1955 Indianapolis 500, Race recap\nThe car burst into flames after it came to rest, and Vukovich died from injuries from the crash. Boyd's car also flipped but he and the other drivers escaped major injury. Driver Ed Elisian stopped his car on the infield and ran across the track in an attempt to help Vukovich.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [23, 33], "content_span": [34, 311]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072783-0007-0000", "contents": "1955 Indianapolis 500, Race recap\nAfter 27 minutes of running under caution, Jimmy Bryan took over the lead of the race, but was forced to retire after ninety laps with a fuel pump issue, when the lead was taken over by Bob Sweikert. The only other driver to retire due to contact for the remainder of the race was Cal Niday on lap 170. Art Cross led the race from laps 133 to 156, but after surrendering the lead to Don Freeland was forced to retire due to mechanical trouble on lap 168. Freeland similarly was passed by Sweikert on lap 160, and retired on lap 178. Sweikert led the remainder of the race. Sweikert stated that the winds made racing difficult, and perhaps led to a decision of racing cautiously and taking advantage of other's difficulty.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [23, 33], "content_span": [34, 755]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072783-0008-0000", "contents": "1955 Indianapolis 500, Aftermath\nThe two deaths in the 500 were part of a particularly deadly year for motorsports, which also included four other Indy drivers dying in other races, Alberto Ascari being killed while testing a sports car at Monza, and a horrific accident at the 24 Hours of Le Mans which saw nearly 100 fatalities including Pierre Levegh who was driving at the time of the accident. Following the year the American Automobile Association ceased sanctioning auto races (including the Indy 500) and the United States Auto Club (USAC) was formed to handle sanctioning duties. It would take until 1959 for fire suits to be made mandatory for all drivers and roll bars for all cars after Jerry Unser's fatal accident at the 1959 Indianapolis 500.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [23, 32], "content_span": [33, 757]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072783-0009-0000", "contents": "1955 Indianapolis 500, Broadcasting, Radio\nThe race was carried live on the IMS Radio Network. Sid Collins served as chief announcer. The broadcast was carried by 237 affiliates in all 48 states, as well as Armed Forces Radio. The broadcast was dedicated to the memory of Wilbur Shaw, who was killed in a plane crash in October.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [23, 42], "content_span": [43, 328]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072783-0010-0000", "contents": "1955 Indianapolis 500, Broadcasting, Radio\nLuke Walton reported from the north pits for the third year. Charlie Brockman, in his fourth appearance on the network, conducted the winner's interview in victory lane.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [23, 42], "content_span": [43, 212]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072783-0011-0000", "contents": "1955 Indianapolis 500, Broadcasting, Radio\nAll five of the major radio stations in the Indianapolis area carried the broadcast. The broadcast was notable as it reported the fatal crash of Bill Vukovich.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [23, 42], "content_span": [43, 202]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072783-0012-0000", "contents": "1955 Indianapolis 500, Broadcasting, Radio\nChief Announcer: Sid CollinsAnalyst: Gordon GrahamDriver Expert: Mauri RoseStatistician: Charlie Brockman", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [23, 42], "content_span": [43, 148]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072784-0000-0000", "contents": "1955 Indianapolis mayoral election\nThe Indianapolis mayoral election of 1955 took place on November 8, 1955 and saw the election of Philip L. Bayt to a second non-consecutive term. Bayt's opponent was Republican James O. Birr.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [34, 34], "content_span": [35, 226]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072785-0000-0000", "contents": "1955 Individual Speedway World Championship\nThe 1955 Individual Speedway World Championship was the tenth edition of the official World Championship to determine the world champion rider.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 43], "section_span": [43, 43], "content_span": [44, 187]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072785-0001-0000", "contents": "1955 Individual Speedway World Championship\nIn a very competitive World final Peter Craven of England finished one point ahead of three other riders who had to ride off for the silver medal. The defending champion Ronnie Moore won the ride off to claim silver from fellow countryman Barry Briggs and Welshman Eric Williams who both crashed leaving Moore an easy victory, Briggs took third place from Williams who missed out on a medal.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 43], "section_span": [43, 43], "content_span": [44, 435]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072785-0002-0000", "contents": "1955 Individual Speedway World Championship, World final, Classification\nm - exclusion for exceeding two minute time allowance \u2022  t - exclusion for touching the tapes \u2022  x - other exclusion \u2022  e - retired or mechanical failure \u2022  f - fell \u2022  ns - non-starter \u2022  nc - non-classify", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 43], "section_span": [45, 72], "content_span": [73, 279]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072786-0000-0000", "contents": "1955 Indonesian Constitutional Assembly election\nConstitutional Assembly elections were held in Indonesia on 15 December 1955. The Indonesian Provisional Constitution of 1950 had provided for the establishment of a democratically elected Constitutional Assembly to draw up a permanent constitution. In April 1953 the legislature passed the election bill. The elections for the People's Representative Council were set for September 1955, with the Constitutional Assembly elections three months later.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 48], "section_span": [48, 48], "content_span": [49, 500]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072787-0000-0000", "contents": "1955 Indonesian legislative election\nLegislative elections were held in Indonesia on 29 September 1955, the first since independence. Candidates ran to be elected to the 257-seat People's Representative Council, which would replace the existing provisional legislature. Despite hopes that the elections would bring about political stability, the legislature elected only lasted four years before being dissolved by presidential decree.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [36, 36], "content_span": [37, 435]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072787-0001-0000", "contents": "1955 Indonesian legislative election, Background\nThe first elections were originally planned for January 1946, but because the Indonesian National Revolution was still underway, this was not possible. After the war, every cabinet had elections in its program. In February 1951 the Natsir cabinet introduced an election bill, but the cabinet fell before it could be debated. The next cabinet, led by Sukiman did hold some regional elections. Finally, in February 1952, the Wilopo cabinet introduced a bill for voter registration. Discussions in the People's Representative Council did not start until September because of various objections from the political parties. According to Feith, there were three factors. Firstly, legislators were worried about losing their seats; secondly they were worried about a possible swing to Islamic parties and thirdly an electoral system in accordance with the Provisional Constitution of 1950 would mean less representation for regions outside Java.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 48], "content_span": [49, 987]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072787-0002-0000", "contents": "1955 Indonesian legislative election, Background\nGiven the fact that cabinets had fallen after introducing controversial measures, there was reluctance to introduce an election bill and there were concerns about possible political conflicts caused by electioneering. However, many political leaders wanted elections as the existing legislature was based on a compromise with the Netherlands (the erstwhile colonial power) and as such had little popular authority. They also believed elections would bring about greater political stability. The \"17 October 1952 affair\", when armed soldiers in front of the palace demanded dissolution of the legislature, led to greater demands from all parties for early elections.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 48], "content_span": [49, 714]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072787-0002-0001", "contents": "1955 Indonesian legislative election, Background\nBy 25 November, an elections bill had been submitted to the People's Representative Council. After 18 weeks of debate and 200 proposed amendments, the bill passed on 1 April 1953  and became law on 4 April. It stipulated one member of the legislature for 150,000 residents and gave the right to vote to everybody over the age of 18, or who was or had been married. Once the bill had passed the cabinet began appointing members of the Central Electoral Committee. This was to have one member from each government party and an independent chairman. However, the Indonesian National Party (PNI) protested that they had no members on the committee, and this dispute was still unresolved when the cabinet fell on 2 June.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 48], "content_span": [49, 764]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072787-0003-0000", "contents": "1955 Indonesian legislative election, Background\nOn 25 August 1953, the new prime minister, Ali Sastroamidjojo, announced a 16-month schedule for elections starting from January 1954. On 4 November the government announced a new Central Electoral Committee chaired by PNI member S. Hadikusomo and including all the parties represented in the government, namely Nahdatul Ulama (NU), the Indonesian Islamic Union Party (PSII) the Indonesian People's Party (PRI), the National People's Party (PRN), the Labor Party and the Peasants Front of Indonesia (BTI), as well as the government-supporting Islamic Education Movement (Perti) and the Indonesian Christian Party (Parkindo).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 48], "content_span": [49, 673]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072787-0004-0000", "contents": "1955 Indonesian legislative election, Campaign\nAccording to Feith, the first phase of the election campaign began on 4 April 1953 when the election bill passed into law, and the second phase when the Central Electoral Committee approved the party symbols on 31 May 1954.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 46], "content_span": [47, 270]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072787-0005-0000", "contents": "1955 Indonesian legislative election, Campaign\nAt the time the bill passed into law, the cabinet was a coalition of the Islamic-based Masjumi and the nationalistic PNI. The next two successive cabinets were coalitions led by one of the two aforementioned parties with the other in opposition. Therefore, the main issue of the campaign was the debate between these two parties over the role of Islam in the state. Masjumi denied aiming for an Islamic state while the PNI emphasized that their pro-Pancasila stance was not anti-Islam as Masjumi sought to portray.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 46], "content_span": [47, 561]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072787-0005-0001", "contents": "1955 Indonesian legislative election, Campaign\nThe other two main and major Islamic parties, the NU and the PSII, supported Masjumi in this debate. A third factor was the Communist Party of Indonesia (PKI), which campaigned on such significant issues like poverty due to the continued imperialist-leaning/-influenced nature of the government's cabinet policy. Masjumi tried to draw a clear line between the PKI and other political parties, accusing it of being a puppet element and a tool of Moscow in the country, as well as of seeking to influence and then spread communist ideology across Indonesia.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 46], "content_span": [47, 602]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072787-0006-0000", "contents": "1955 Indonesian legislative election, Campaign\nParty programs were rarely widely discussed during the campaign. Party symbols with or without campaign slogans were displayed on most streets and thoroughfares in cities, towns and villages all across the country, as well as on private homes, public buildings, buses and trains, trees and even calendars. The PKI made extraordinary efforts to promote its symbol, as seen in their displaying it everywhere, from political posters to simple graffiti to newspapers, to make sure people everywhere saw and noticed it.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 46], "content_span": [47, 561]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072787-0006-0001", "contents": "1955 Indonesian legislative election, Campaign\nThe PKI's election campaign was based around social activities such as organizing tool-sharing programs for farmers and leading and directing the building of irrigation canals and channels for agriculture and the peasantry. As mentioned earlier, the party was looking beyond the election to build a permanent basis of widespread and large-scale support throughout Indonesia.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 46], "content_span": [47, 421]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072787-0007-0000", "contents": "1955 Indonesian legislative election, Campaign\nIn the last few months of the election campaign, the major parties focused on educating and mass-informing voters in areas where they had managed to establish village-level influence, organization and control. This phase included persuasion as well as threats.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 46], "content_span": [47, 307]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072787-0008-0000", "contents": "1955 Indonesian legislative election, Campaign\nAll through September, party leaders constantly traveled around the country to promote their parties, themselves and their political ideologies. Daily party-newspapers and magazines were printed in constantly-increasing numbers and given away for free. The articles in such political-dailies and media like these attacked rival parties and extolled their own. In the villages across Indonesia, the emphasis shifted from large-scale mass rallies to small-scale meetings and gatherings and house-to-house canvassing of political support.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 46], "content_span": [47, 582]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072787-0009-0000", "contents": "1955 Indonesian legislative election, Campaign\nAccording to former agent Joseph Smith, the CIA covertly gave a million dollars to the centrist Masyumi Party to reduce support for Sukarno and the Communist Party of Indonesia during the election.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 46], "content_span": [47, 244]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072787-0010-0000", "contents": "1955 Indonesian legislative election, Preparations and polling day\nAlthough in April 1954 the Central Electoral Committee had announced that the election would be held on 29 September the following year, by July and early August, preparations had fallen behind schedule The appointment of members of polling station committees planned to start on 1 August did not begin in many regions until 15 September. In his independence day address on 17 August, President Sukarno said that anybody putting obstacles in way of elections was a \"traitor to the revolution\". On 8 September, the information minister said that elections would be held on September 29 except in a few areas where preparations were not complete. Eventually, as a result of \"feverish activity\", polling station committees were ready on election day.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 66], "content_span": [67, 814]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072787-0011-0000", "contents": "1955 Indonesian legislative election, Preparations and polling day\nIn the run up to polling day, rumors spread, including a widespread poisoning scare in Java. There was also hoarding of goods. In many parts of country there was a spontaneous and unannounced curfew for several nights before polling day.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 66], "content_span": [67, 304]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072787-0012-0000", "contents": "1955 Indonesian legislative election, Preparations and polling day\nOn polling day itself, many voters were waiting to cast their ballots by 7am. The day was peaceful as people realized nothing bad was going to happen. A total of 87.65% of voters cast a valid vote and 91.54% voted. Allowing for deaths between registration and polling, only about 6% did not vote.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 66], "content_span": [67, 363]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072787-0013-0000", "contents": "1955 Indonesian legislative election, Electoral system\nThe 257 seats of the People's Representative Council were elected in 16 multi-member constituencies by proportional representation.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 54], "content_span": [55, 186]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072787-0014-0000", "contents": "1955 Indonesian legislative election, Results\nThe election was a major success for the NU, which saw its number of seats in the People's Representative Council increase from 8 to 45. A surprise was the poor showing of Masyumi, the Socialist Party and Murba.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 45], "content_span": [46, 257]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072787-0014-0001", "contents": "1955 Indonesian legislative election, Results\nThere was a large gap between the \"big 4\" (PNI, Masjumi, NU and PKI, with more than three-quarters of the vote shared among them) and the rest of the parties, but contrary to expectations, the number of parties actually increased - there were now 28 with seats in the legislature as opposed to 20 before the election, with the largest party holding only 22% of seats.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 45], "content_span": [46, 413]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072787-0015-0000", "contents": "1955 Indonesian legislative election, Results\nThe distribution of votes was uneven across the country. The PNI won 85.97% of its vote in Java, the NU 85.6% and the PKI 88.6%, despite the fact that only 66.2% of the population lived on Java. Conversely only 51.3% of Masjumi's vote came from Java, and it established itself as the leading party for the one-third of people living outside Java.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 45], "content_span": [46, 392]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072787-0016-0000", "contents": "1955 Indonesian legislative election, Aftermath\nThe poor showing of the parties in the cabinet of Prime Minister Burhanuddin Harahap was a major blow. The parties who did better, such as the NU and the PSII were \"reluctant\" cabinet members with a weak standing. This left the government with the choice of making major concessions to the NU and PSII or seeing them leave the cabinet. With no clear electoral verdict, it was back to inter-party politicking and bargaining. The lack of a clear outcome discredited the existing political system.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 47], "content_span": [48, 542]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072787-0017-0000", "contents": "1955 Indonesian legislative election, Aftermath\nThe new People's Representative Council convened on 4 March 1956. It was to last four years. In his opening speech, President Sukarno called for an Indonesian form of democracy, and over the next few years, he would speak more about his concept (konsepsi) of a new system of government. In 1957, the era of Liberal Democracy came to an end with the establishment of Guided Democracy. Indonesia would have to wait until 1999 for its next free national elections.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 47], "content_span": [48, 509]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072788-0000-0000", "contents": "1955 International Cross Country Championships\nThe 1955 International Cross Country Championships was held in San Sebasti\u00e1n, Spain, at the Lasarte Hippodrome on March 19, 1955. In addition, an unofficial women's championship was held one week later at Ayr, Scotland on March 26, 1955. A report on the men's event as well as the women's event was given in the Glasgow Herald.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 46], "section_span": [46, 46], "content_span": [47, 374]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072788-0001-0000", "contents": "1955 International Cross Country Championships\nComplete results for men, and for women (unofficial), medallists, and the results of British athletes were published.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 46], "section_span": [46, 46], "content_span": [47, 164]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072788-0002-0000", "contents": "1955 International Cross Country Championships, Participation, Men's\nAn unofficial count yields the participation of male 70 athletes from 8 countries.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 46], "section_span": [48, 68], "content_span": [69, 151]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072788-0003-0000", "contents": "1955 International Cross Country Championships, Participation, Women's\nAn unofficial count yields the participation of 12 female athletes from 2 countries.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 46], "section_span": [48, 70], "content_span": [71, 155]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072789-0000-0000", "contents": "1955 Internationale Tulpenrallye\nThe 1955 Internationale Tulpenrallye was the 7th Internationale Tulpenrallye. It was won for the first time by W.J.J. \"Hans\" Tak, driving a Mercedes-Benz 300 SL.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [32, 32], "content_span": [33, 194]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072790-0000-0000", "contents": "1955 Iowa Hawkeyes football team\nThe 1955 Iowa Hawkeyes football team represented the University of Iowa in the 1955 Big Ten Conference football season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [32, 32], "content_span": [33, 152]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072791-0000-0000", "contents": "1955 Iowa State Cyclones football team\nThe 1955 Iowa State Cyclones football team represented Iowa State College of Agricultural and Mechanic Arts (later renamed Iowa State University) in the Big Seven Conference during the 1955 college football season. In their second year under head coach Vince DiFrancesca, the Cyclones compiled a 1\u20137\u20131 record (1\u20134\u20131 against conference opponents), tied for fifth place in the conference, and were outscored by their opponents by a combined total of 218 to 69. They played their home games at Clyde Williams Field in Ames, Iowa.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [38, 38], "content_span": [39, 565]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072791-0001-0000", "contents": "1955 Iowa State Cyclones football team\nThe team's regular starting lineup on offense consisted of left end  Mel Wostoupal, left tackle Ray Tweetan, left guard Bob Bird, center Grant Blaney, right guard Jim Lyons, right tackle Jim McCaulley, right end Harold Potts, quarterback John Breckenridge, left halfback Gary Lutz, right halfback Brucke Alexander, and fullback Marv Walter. Jim McCaulley and Mel Wostoupal were the team captains.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [38, 38], "content_span": [39, 435]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072791-0002-0000", "contents": "1955 Iowa State Cyclones football team\nThe team's statistical leaders included Donn Lorenzen with 179 rushing yards, John Breckenridge with 354 passing yards, and Harold Potts with 173 receiving yards and 18 points (three touchdowns). No Iowa State players were selected as first-team all-conference players.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [38, 38], "content_span": [39, 308]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072792-0000-0000", "contents": "1955 Iowa State Teachers Panthers football team\nThe 1955 Iowa State Teachers Panthers football team was an American football team that represented Iowa State Teachers College (later renamed University of Northern Iowa) in the North Central Conference during the 1955 college football season. In their 18th season under head coach Clyde Starbeck, the team compiled an 8\u20131 record (5\u20131 against NCC opponents) and finished in second place in the NCC.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 47], "section_span": [47, 47], "content_span": [48, 446]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072793-0000-0000", "contents": "1955 Irish Greyhound Derby\nThe 1955 Irish Greyhound Derby took place during July and August with the final being held at Harold's Cross Stadium in Dublin on 12 August 1955.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [26, 26], "content_span": [27, 172]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072793-0001-0000", "contents": "1955 Irish Greyhound Derby\nThe winner Spanish Battleship won \u00a3500 and was trained by Tom Lynch and owned by Tim 'Chubb' O'Connor. Spanish Battleship won a historic third consecutive title, a feat that had not been achieved before or since.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [26, 26], "content_span": [27, 239]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072793-0002-0000", "contents": "1955 Irish Greyhound Derby, Competition Report\nSpanish Battleship was a national icon by the time he lined for an attempt to win a third title. He suffered a surprise first round defeat when he was caught before the line by Crostys Bell but he still qualified for the next round by virtue of finishing second. Trainer Tom Lynch had other entries in the competition and two dead heated in the first round, they were Imperial Toast and Dancing Jester. Makra Bibs who had defeated Spanish Battleship in the Tostal Cup earlier in the year was the fastest heat winner in 29.68.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [28, 46], "content_span": [47, 572]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072793-0002-0001", "contents": "1955 Irish Greyhound Derby, Competition Report\nDue to there being only 36 greyhounds in the event this year there was a rest before the semi-finals got underway and Lynch gave Spanish Battleship a trial. In the semi-finals Spanish Battleship returned to winning form by beating Mile Bush Champion by three lengths but Makra Bibs failed to make the final. A very fast time of 29.53 from Crostys Bell was good enough to take the second semi-final from Sailaway Sailor and Dancing Jester completed the round after he beat Claremont John in the third heat.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [28, 46], "content_span": [47, 552]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072793-0003-0000", "contents": "1955 Irish Greyhound Derby, Competition Report\nHarold's Cross stadium was overwhelmed by crowds attempting to see Spanish Battleship and they backed him into favourite at 5-4 with Crostys Bell drifting in the market at 7-4. Spanish Battleship was first away from the traps again and stretched to a three length victory from Crostys Bell to cement his place into the record books.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [28, 46], "content_span": [47, 379]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072794-0000-0000", "contents": "1955 Irish local elections\nThe 1955 Irish local elections were held in all the counties, cities and towns of the Republic of Ireland in 1955 under the Local Government Act, 1955.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [26, 26], "content_span": [27, 178]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072795-0000-0000", "contents": "1955 Isle of Man TT\nIn the 1955 Isle of Man TT the Lightweight 250cc race moved to the 10.75\u00a0miles long Clypse Course, also used for the Lightweight 125cc TT race, and the Sidecar TT, and the course was used for these races until 1959. During this period the rest of the TT program remained on the Mountain Circuit.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [19, 19], "content_span": [20, 315]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072795-0001-0000", "contents": "1955 Isle of Man TT\nIn the Junior TT, Norton rider Bob McIntyre led for four of the seven laps, but brake overheating and suspension problems forced him to slow, allowing Bill Lomas on a Moto Guzzi to pass, and go on to victory.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [19, 19], "content_span": [20, 228]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072796-0000-0000", "contents": "1955 Israeli legislative election\nElections for the third Knesset were held in Israel on 26 July 1955. Voter turnout was 82.8%.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [33, 33], "content_span": [34, 127]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072796-0001-0000", "contents": "1955 Israeli legislative election, Parliament factions\nThe table below lists the parliamentary factions represented in the 2nd Knesset.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 54], "content_span": [55, 135]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072796-0002-0000", "contents": "1955 Israeli legislative election, Results\nMapai retained its plurality in the Knesset, although its share of the vote dropped by 5.1 and its share of seats dropped from 47 (at the end of the Second Knesset) to 40. Meanwhile, Herut overtook the General Zionists, Mapam, and Hapoel HaMizrachi to become the second-largest party, with its share of seats nearly doubling (from 8 in the Second Knesset to 15 in the Third).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 42], "content_span": [43, 418]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072796-0003-0000", "contents": "1955 Israeli legislative election, Results\nThe Third Knesset is notable for being the only Knesset thus far in which none of the represented parties merged or split (although two parties did change their names) and no MKs switched parties, making it the most stable Knesset in Israel's history.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 42], "content_span": [43, 294]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072796-0004-0000", "contents": "1955 Israeli legislative election, Aftermath\nUnlike the second Knesset, the third Knesset was one of the most stable in Israel's history. There were only two governments, and it was the only Knesset to date during which none of the parties split or merged. As with the first and second Knesset, the speaker was Yosef Sprinzak until his death on 28 January 1959. He was replaced by Ahdut HaAvoda's Nahum Nir.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 44], "content_span": [45, 407]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072796-0005-0000", "contents": "1955 Israeli legislative election, Aftermath, Seventh government\nThe third Knesset started with David Ben-Gurion forming the seventh government of Israel (the previous two Knessets had six governments; two in the first and four in the second) on 3 November 1955. His Mapai party formed a coalition with the National Religious Front (which later changed its name to the National Religious Party), Mapam, the Progressive Party, Ahdut HaAvoda, and the three Israeli Arab parties, the Democratic List for Israeli Arabs, Progress and Work, Agriculture and Development. The government had 16 ministers. It collapsed when Ben-Gurion resigned on 31 December 1957 over the leaking of information from ministerial meetings.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 64], "content_span": [65, 713]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072796-0006-0000", "contents": "1955 Israeli legislative election, Aftermath, Eighth government\nBen-Gurion formed the eighth government a week later on 7 January 1958 with the same coalition partners. The number of ministers remained the same. The eighth government collapsed when Ben-Gurion resigned again on 5 July 1959 after Labour Unity and Mapam had voted against the government on the issue of selling arms to West Germany and refused to leave the coalition. Elections for the fourth Knesset were called for 3 November 1959.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 63], "content_span": [64, 498]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072797-0000-0000", "contents": "1955 Italian Grand Prix\nThe 1955 Italian Grand Prix was a Formula One motor race held at Autodromo Nazionale di Monza, in Monza, Italy on 11 September 1955. It was the seventh and final race of the 1955 World Championship of Drivers.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [23, 23], "content_span": [24, 233]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072797-0001-0000", "contents": "1955 Italian Grand Prix\nIn the wake of the 1955 Le Mans disaster, the championship was still open after the British Grand Prix; although after that race (with the French Grand Prix already having been cancelled) the German, Swiss and Spanish Grands Prix were all cancelled. This meant that Fangio won the world driver's championship for the 3rd time and the 2nd time in succession.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [23, 23], "content_span": [24, 381]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072797-0002-0000", "contents": "1955 Italian Grand Prix\nA new concrete banking had been constructed over where the original slightly banked version was, and the combined 10\u00a0km (6.214\u00a0mi) Monza circuit was used for the first time since 1933. The Curva Sud had also been modified from 2 right hand corners into one sweeping right-hander known as the \"Parabolica\".", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [23, 23], "content_span": [24, 329]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072797-0003-0000", "contents": "1955 Italian Grand Prix\nOf the 4 factory Mercedes cars in the race, Fangio and Moss drove the streamlined, closed-wheel W196's, while Kling and Taruffi drove open-wheel W196's. This was the 4th and last appearance of the streamlined Mercedes cars at a championship GP.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [23, 23], "content_span": [24, 268]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072797-0004-0000", "contents": "1955 Italian Grand Prix\nThis was the last Grand Prix race for 1950 world champion Nino Farina. This was also the last Mercedes 1-2 finish until the 2014 Malaysian Grand Prix, 59 years later. This was also the last Grand Prix win for a Mercedes as an engine manufacturer until the 1997 Australian Grand Prix. This was also the last Grand Prix win for Mercedes as a constructor until the 2012 Chinese Grand Prix.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [23, 23], "content_span": [24, 410]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072798-0000-0000", "contents": "1955 Italian presidential election\nThe Italian presidential election of 1955 was held in Italy on 28\u201329 April 1955.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [34, 34], "content_span": [35, 115]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072798-0001-0000", "contents": "1955 Italian presidential election\nOnly members of Parliament and regional delegates were entitled to vote, most of these electors having been elected in the 1953 general election. As head of state of the Italian Republic, the President has a role of representation of national unity and guarantees that Italian politics comply with the Italian Constitution, in the framework of a parliamentary system.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [34, 34], "content_span": [35, 402]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072798-0002-0000", "contents": "1955 Italian presidential election, Procedure\nIn accordance to the Italian Constitution, the election was held in the form of a secret ballot, with the Senators and the Deputies entitled to vote. The election was held in the Palazzo Montecitorio, home of the Chamber of Deputies, with the capacity of the building expanded for the purpose. The first three ballots required a two-thirds majority of the 843 voters in order to elect a president, or 562 votes. Starting from the fourth ballot, an absolute majority was required for candidates to be elected, or 422 votes. The presidential mandate lasts seven years.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [36, 45], "content_span": [46, 612]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072798-0003-0000", "contents": "1955 Italian presidential election, Procedure\nThe election was presided over by the President of the Chamber of Deputies Giovanni Gronchi, who proceeded to the public counting of the votes, and by the President of the Senate Cesare Merzagora.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [36, 45], "content_span": [46, 242]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072798-0004-0000", "contents": "1955 Italian presidential election, Chronology\nOn 28 April 1955 the Italian Parliament convened to elect the new President of the Republic, since President Luigi Einaudi's term was about to end. After the death of Alcide De Gasperi, the new leader of Christian Democracy party Amintore Fanfani decided to endorse the candidacy of the incumbent President of the Senate Cesare Merzagora, but failed to control his own party's representatives, who on the first ballot succeeded in making Merzagora's candidacy sink.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [36, 46], "content_span": [47, 512]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072798-0005-0000", "contents": "1955 Italian presidential election, Chronology\nOn the first round left-wing parties decided to sustain the actionist Ferruccio Parri, while liberals and monarchists decided to vote for the outgoing President Luigi Einaudi.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [36, 46], "content_span": [47, 222]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072798-0006-0000", "contents": "1955 Italian presidential election, Chronology\nAfter Merzagora's candidacy failed to gain a large majority, Fanfani decided to endorse the incumbent President of the Chamber of Deputies Giovanni Gronchi. As a member of the leftist faction of the Christian Democracy, Gronchi was able to gain the support of left-wing parties. On 29 April 1955 on the fourth round vote, Gronchi was elected the new President of Italian Republic by a large margin.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [36, 46], "content_span": [47, 445]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072798-0007-0000", "contents": "1955 Italian presidential election, Inauguration\nGiovanni Gronchi officially sworn in as the new President of Italy on 11 May 1955.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [36, 48], "content_span": [49, 131]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072798-0008-0000", "contents": "1955 Italian presidential election, Inauguration, Gallery\nGronchi and Einaudi during the swearing in ceremony at the Quirinal Palace", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [36, 57], "content_span": [58, 132]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072799-0000-0000", "contents": "1955 Jamaican general election\nGeneral elections were held in Jamaica on 12 January 1955. The result was a victory for the People's National Party, which won 18 of the 32 seats. Voter turnout was 65.1%.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [30, 30], "content_span": [31, 202]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072800-0000-0000", "contents": "1955 Japan Series\nThe 1955 Japan Series was the Nippon Professional Baseball (NPB) championship series for the 1955 season. It was the sixth Japan Series and featured the Pacific League champions, the Nankai Hawks, against the Central League champions, the Yomiuri Giants.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [17, 17], "content_span": [18, 272]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072800-0001-0000", "contents": "1955 Japan Series, Matchups, Game 1\nSaturday, October 15, 1955 \u2013 2:02 pm at Osaka Stadium in Osaka, Osaka Prefecture", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 35], "content_span": [36, 116]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072800-0002-0000", "contents": "1955 Japan Series, Matchups, Game 2\nSunday, October 16, 1955 \u2013 2:00 pm at Osaka Stadium in Osaka, Osaka Prefecture", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 35], "content_span": [36, 114]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072800-0003-0000", "contents": "1955 Japan Series, Matchups, Game 3\nTuesday, October 18, 1955 \u2013 2:03 pm at Korakuen Stadium in Bunky\u014d, Tokyo", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 35], "content_span": [36, 108]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072800-0004-0000", "contents": "1955 Japan Series, Matchups, Game 4\nFriday, October 21, 1955 \u2013 2:00 pm at Korakuen Stadium in Bunky\u014d, Tokyo", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 35], "content_span": [36, 107]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072800-0005-0000", "contents": "1955 Japan Series, Matchups, Game 5\nSaturday, October 22, 1955 \u2013 1:01 pm at Korakuen Stadium in Bunky\u014d, Tokyo", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 35], "content_span": [36, 109]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072800-0006-0000", "contents": "1955 Japan Series, Matchups, Game 6\nSunday, October 23, 1955 \u2013 2:00 pm at Osaka Stadium in Osaka, Osaka Prefecture", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 35], "content_span": [36, 114]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072800-0007-0000", "contents": "1955 Japan Series, Matchups, Game 7\nMonday, October 24, 1955 \u2013 2:00 pm at Osaka Stadium in Osaka, Osaka Prefecture", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 35], "content_span": [36, 114]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072801-0000-0000", "contents": "1955 Japanese general election\nGeneral elections were held in Japan on 27 February 1955. The result was a victory for the Japan Democratic Party, which won 185 of the 467 seats. Voter turnout was 75.8%.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [30, 30], "content_span": [31, 202]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072801-0001-0000", "contents": "1955 Japanese general election\nOn 15 November 1955, the Japan Democratic Party and the Liberal Party combined as the modern Liberal Democratic Party, which ruled Japan contiuously until 1993. The Rightist Socialist Party of Japan and the Leftist Socialist Party of Japan also merged to form the Japan Socialist Party, which was Japan's largest opposition party in the 1955 system.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [30, 30], "content_span": [31, 380]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072803-0000-0000", "contents": "1955 Kansas City Athletics season\nThe 1955 Kansas City Athletics season was the 55th season for the franchise in MLB's American League, and the first in Kansas City after playing the previous 54 in Philadelphia. The team won 63 games \u2013 only the fifth time in 20 years that they won more than 60 games \u2013 and lost 91, finishing sixth in the American League, 33 games behind the AL Champion New York Yankees.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [33, 33], "content_span": [34, 405]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072803-0001-0000", "contents": "1955 Kansas City Athletics season, Offseason\nIn 1954, the Mack family decided to sell the Philadelphia Athletics. Charlie Finley made an offer to purchase the team, but was refused. Clint Murchison also made an offer to purchase the team with plans to relocate to Southern California, but was also refused. On October 12, 1954, the owners approved the sale of the Athletics to Chicago businessman Arnold Johnson, who moved the team from Philadelphia to Kansas City for the 1955 season. Finley would later buy the A's from Johnson's estate in 1960. Murchison's son, Clint Jr., would later become one of the founders of the National Football League's Dallas Cowboys franchise in 1960.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 44], "content_span": [45, 682]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072803-0002-0000", "contents": "1955 Kansas City Athletics season, Offseason\nIn 1955, the new Kansas City Athletics drew 1,393,054 to Municipal Stadium.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 44], "content_span": [45, 120]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072803-0003-0000", "contents": "1955 Kansas City Athletics season, Offseason, Spring training\nThe A's and Philadelphia Phillies had played a Philadelphia City Series since 1903. The Kansas City A's returned to Philadelphia at the end of spring training in 1955, and the teams played two games. The A's beat the Phillies in the second game, 10\u20132, at Wilmington Park, home of the original Wilmington Blue Rocks. Both games were played at Wilmington Park, Wilmington, Delaware, on April 9 and April 10, 1955, immediately prior to the start of the regular season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 61], "content_span": [62, 527]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072803-0004-0000", "contents": "1955 Kansas City Athletics season, Regular season, Opening game\nThe first game in Kansas City's Major League history was played at home at Municipal Stadium on Tuesday, April 12, 1955, before 32,147 fans. Facing the Detroit Tigers, the Athletics broke a 2\u20132 deadlock in the sixth inning with a three-run rally keyed by pinch hitter Don Bollweg's two-run single, and went on to win, 6\u20132.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 63], "content_span": [64, 386]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072803-0004-0001", "contents": "1955 Kansas City Athletics season, Regular season, Opening game\nThe A's other batting star was center fielder Bill Wilson, who collected three hits and a base on balls, scoring three runs, in four plate appearances; one of his hits was the first home run in Kansas City MLB annals, a solo blast in the eighth inning. Left-hander Alex Kellner got the victory, while former Cincinnati Reds star Ewell Blackwell pitched three scoreless innings in relief for the save.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 63], "content_span": [64, 464]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072803-0005-0000", "contents": "1955 Kansas City Athletics season, Player stats, Batting, Starters by position\nNote: Pos = Position; G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 78], "content_span": [79, 203]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072803-0006-0000", "contents": "1955 Kansas City Athletics season, Player stats, Batting, Other batters\nNote: G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 71], "content_span": [72, 180]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072803-0007-0000", "contents": "1955 Kansas City Athletics season, Player stats, Pitching, Starting pitchers\nNote: G = Games played; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 76], "content_span": [77, 186]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072803-0008-0000", "contents": "1955 Kansas City Athletics season, Player stats, Pitching, Other pitchers\nNote: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 73], "content_span": [74, 184]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072803-0009-0000", "contents": "1955 Kansas City Athletics season, Player stats, Pitching, Relief pitchers\nNote: G = Games pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; SV = Saves; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 74], "content_span": [75, 175]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072803-0010-0000", "contents": "1955 Kansas City Athletics season, Farm system\nWelch franchise transferred to Marion and renamed, July 14, 1955", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 46], "content_span": [47, 111]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072804-0000-0000", "contents": "1955 Kansas Jayhawks football team\nThe 1955 Kansas Jayhawks football team represented the University of Kansas in the Big Seven Conference during the 1955 college football season. In their second season under head coach Chuck Mather, the Jayhawks compiled a 3\u20136\u20131 record (1\u20134\u20131 against conference opponents), finished tied for fifth in the Big Seven Conference, and were outscored by all opponents by a combined total of 222 to 93. They played their home games at Memorial Stadium in Lawrence, Kansas.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [34, 34], "content_span": [35, 501]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072804-0001-0000", "contents": "1955 Kansas Jayhawks football team\nThe team's statistical leaders included John Francisco with 459 rushing yards and 24 points scored and Wally Strauch with 498 passing yards. Ralph Moody and Dick Reich were the team captains.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [34, 34], "content_span": [35, 226]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072805-0000-0000", "contents": "1955 Kansas State Wildcats football team\nThe 1955 Kansas State Wildcats football team represented Kansas State University in the 1955 college football season. The team's head football coach was Bus Mertes, in his first year at the helm of the Wildcats. The Wildcats played their home games in Memorial Stadium. 1955 saw the Wildcats finish with a record of 4\u20136, and a 3\u20133 record in Big Seven Conference play. The Wildcats scored 165 points while giving up 191. They finished tied for third in the Big Seven. Ten Days before the Kansas game on November 5, K-State's mascot Touchdown IV was stolen by Kansas students. At the end of the first quarter the mascot was returned but the theft had already been avenged as K-State led the Jayhawks, 26\u20130, at that point and went on to defeat Kansas, 46\u20130.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [40, 40], "content_span": [41, 795]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072806-0000-0000", "contents": "1955 Kent State Golden Flashes football team\nThe 1955 Kent State Golden Flashes football team was an American football team that represented Kent State University  in the Mid-American Conference (MAC) during the 1955 college football season. In their tenth season under head coach Trevor J. Rees, the Golden Flashes compiled a 6\u20132\u20131 record (4\u20131\u20131 against MAC opponents), finished in third place in the MAC, and outscored all opponents by a combined total of 184 to 87.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [44, 44], "content_span": [45, 468]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072806-0001-0000", "contents": "1955 Kent State Golden Flashes football team\nThe team's statistical leaders included fullback Mike Norcia with 600 rushing yards, Bob Stimac with 428 passing yards, and Ken Redin with 102 receiving yards. Norcia was selected as a first-team All-MAC player.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [44, 44], "content_span": [45, 256]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072807-0000-0000", "contents": "1955 Kentucky Derby\nThe 1955 Kentucky Derby was the 81st running of the Kentucky Derby. The race took place on May 7, 1955. The race carried a purse of $152,500 of which winner Swaps received $108,400, a then record.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [19, 19], "content_span": [20, 216]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072808-0000-0000", "contents": "1955 Kentucky Wildcats football team\nThe 1955 Kentucky Wildcats football team was an American football team that represented the University of Kentucky in the Southeastern Conference (SEC) during the 1955 college football season. In their second season under head coach Blanton Collier, the Wildcats compiled a 6\u20133\u20131 record (3\u20133\u20131 against SEC opponents), tied for seventh in the conference, and outscored opponents by a total of 178 to 131. The team played its home games at Stoll Field in Lexington, Kentucky.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [36, 36], "content_span": [37, 510]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072809-0000-0000", "contents": "1955 Kentucky gubernatorial election\nThe 1955 Kentucky gubernatorial election was held on November 7, 1955. Democratic nominee Happy Chandler defeated Republican nominee Edwin R. Denney with 58.02% of the vote.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [36, 36], "content_span": [37, 210]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072810-0000-0000", "contents": "1955 Kesteven County Council election\nElections to Kesteven County Council were held on Saturday, 2 April 1955. Kesteven was one of three divisions of the historic county of Lincolnshire in England; it consisted of the ancient wapentakes (or hundreds) of Aswardhurn, Aveland, Beltisloe, Boothby Graffoe, Flaxwell, Langoe, Loveden, Ness, and Winnibriggs and Threo. The Local Government Act 1888 established Kesteven as an administrative county, governed by a Council; elections were held every three years from 1889, until it was abolished by the Local Government Act 1972, which established Lincolnshire County Council in its place.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [37, 37], "content_span": [38, 632]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072810-0001-0000", "contents": "1955 Kesteven County Council election\nThe County Council was divided into 60 electoral divisions. 45 independents and 15 Labour candidates were returned in the 1961 elections.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [37, 37], "content_span": [38, 175]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072811-0000-0000", "contents": "1955 Kilkenny Senior Hurling Championship\nThe 1955 Kilkenny Senior Hurling Championship was the 61st staging of the Kilkenny Senior Hurling Championship since its establishment by the Kilkenny County Board.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 41], "section_span": [41, 41], "content_span": [42, 206]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072811-0001-0000", "contents": "1955 Kilkenny Senior Hurling Championship\nOn 6 November 1955, Bennettsbridge won the championship after a 6-06 to 1-04 defeat of Mooncoin in the final. It was their fourth championship title overall and their first title in two championship seasons.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 41], "section_span": [41, 41], "content_span": [42, 249]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072812-0000-0000", "contents": "1955 LFF Lyga\nThe 1955 LFF Lyga was the 34th season of the LFF Lyga football competition in Lithuania. It was contested by 12 teams, and Lima Kaunas won the championship.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 13], "section_span": [13, 13], "content_span": [14, 170]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072813-0000-0000", "contents": "1955 LPGA Championship\nThe 1955 LPGA Championship was the first edition of the LPGA Championship, held July 15\u201317 at Orchard Ridge Country Club in Fort Wayne, Indiana.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [22, 22], "content_span": [23, 167]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072813-0001-0000", "contents": "1955 LPGA Championship\nThe championship's format was three rounds of stroke play, followed by match play on Sunday to determine the final standings. The championship match was played over 36 holes and the other matches were over 18 holes. Rain washed out play on Thursday and delayed the start to late morning on Friday; 36 holes were played on Saturday.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [22, 22], "content_span": [23, 354]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072813-0002-0000", "contents": "1955 LPGA Championship\nBeverly Hanson won the first of her three major championships at 4 & 3 over runner-up Louise Suggs.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [22, 22], "content_span": [23, 122]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072814-0000-0000", "contents": "1955 LPGA Tour\nThe 1955 LPGA Tour was the sixth season since the LPGA Tour officially began in 1950. The season ran from January 6 to October 9. The season consisted of 27 official money events. Patty Berg won the most tournaments, six. She also led the money list with earnings of $16,492.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [14, 14], "content_span": [15, 290]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072814-0001-0000", "contents": "1955 LPGA Tour\nThe season saw the first winner from outside the United States, Fay Crocker from Uruguay. It also included the last of Babe Zaharias's 41 wins, she died the following year. The LPGA added a major championship to its schedule, the LPGA Championship, won by Beverly Hanson. Another major, the Women's Western Open, changed its format from match play to stroke play.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [14, 14], "content_span": [15, 378]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072814-0002-0000", "contents": "1955 LPGA Tour, Tournament results\nThe following table shows all the official money events for the 1955 season. \"Date\" is the ending date of the tournament. The numbers in parentheses after the winners' names are the number of wins they had on the tour up to and including that event. Majors are shown in bold.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [16, 34], "content_span": [35, 310]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072815-0000-0000", "contents": "1955 LSU Tigers football team\nThe 1955 LSU Tigers football team represented Louisiana State University during the 1955 college football season. Under head coach Paul Dietzel, the Tigers had a record of 3\u20135\u20132 with an SEC record of 2\u20133\u20131. It was Dietzel's first season as head coach at LSU.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [29, 29], "content_span": [30, 288]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072816-0000-0000", "contents": "1955 La Fl\u00e8che Wallonne\nThe 1955 La Fl\u00e8che Wallonne was the 19th edition of La Fl\u00e8che Wallonne cycle race and was held on 30 April 1955. The race started in Charleroi and finished in Li\u00e8ge. The race was won by Stan Ockers.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [23, 23], "content_span": [24, 222]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072817-0000-0000", "contents": "1955 Labour Party Shadow Cabinet election\nElections to the Labour Party's Shadow Cabinet (more formally, its \"Parliamentary Committee\") occurred in 1955. In addition to the 12 members elected, the Leader (Clement Attlee), Deputy Leader (Herbert Morrison), Labour Chief Whip (William Whiteley), Labour Leader in the House of Lords (William Jowitt) were automatically members.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 41], "section_span": [41, 41], "content_span": [42, 374]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072818-0000-0000", "contents": "1955 Labour Party leadership election\nThe 1955 Labour Party leadership election was held following the resignation of Clement Attlee. Attlee was Prime Minister from 1945 to 1951 and  stayed on as party leader until he lost the 1955 general election.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [37, 37], "content_span": [38, 249]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072818-0001-0000", "contents": "1955 Labour Party leadership election, Ballot\nThe result of the only ballot of Labour MPs on 14 December was as follows:", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [39, 45], "content_span": [46, 120]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072819-0000-0000", "contents": "1955 Lafayette Leopards football team\nThe 1955 Lafayette Leopards football team was an American football team that represented Lafayette College during the 1955 college football season. Lafayette won the Middle Three Conference championship.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [37, 37], "content_span": [38, 241]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072819-0001-0000", "contents": "1955 Lafayette Leopards football team\nIn their fourth year under head coach Steve Hokuf, the Leopards compiled a 6\u20132 record, and defeated both of their Middle Three opponents. Bob Fyvie and Jack Burcin were the team captains.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [37, 37], "content_span": [38, 225]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072819-0002-0000", "contents": "1955 Lafayette Leopards football team\nLafayette played its home games at Fisher Field on College Hill in Easton, Pennsylvania.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [37, 37], "content_span": [38, 126]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072820-0000-0000", "contents": "1955 Laotian parliamentary election\nParliamentary elections were held in Laos on 25 December 1955 to elect members of the National Assembly, the lower chamber of Parliament. The result was a victory for the ruling National Progressive Party, which won 22 of the 39 seats. Voter turnout was 75.6%.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [35, 35], "content_span": [36, 296]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072820-0001-0000", "contents": "1955 Laotian parliamentary election, Results\nElections were only held in ten of the twelve provinces.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 44], "content_span": [45, 101]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072821-0000-0000", "contents": "1955 Latvian SSR Higher League, Overview\nIt was contested by 10 teams, and Darba Rezerves won the championship.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 40], "content_span": [41, 111]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072822-0000-0000", "contents": "1955 Le Mans disaster\nThe 1955 Le Mans disaster was a major crash that occurred on 11 June 1955 during the 24 Hours of Le Mans motor race at Circuit de la Sarthe in Le Mans, Sarthe, France. Large pieces of debris flew into the crowd, killing 83 spectators and French driver Pierre Levegh, and injuring nearly 180 more. It was the most catastrophic crash in motorsport history, and it prompted Mercedes-Benz to retire from motor racing until 1987.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [21, 21], "content_span": [22, 446]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072822-0001-0000", "contents": "1955 Le Mans disaster\nThe crash started when Jaguar driver Mike Hawthorn pulled to the right side of the track in front of Austin-Healey driver Lance Macklin and started braking for his pit stop. Macklin swerved out from behind the slowing Jaguar into the path of Levegh, who was passing on the left in his much faster Mercedes-Benz 300 SLR. Levegh rear-ended Macklin at high speed, overriding Macklin's car and launching his own car through the air.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [21, 21], "content_span": [22, 450]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072822-0001-0001", "contents": "1955 Le Mans disaster\nLevegh's car skipped over a protective earthen berm at 200\u00a0km/h (125\u00a0mph) and made at least two impacts within the spectator area, the last of which caused the car to disintegrate, throwing him onto the track where he was instantly killed. Large pieces of debris, including the Mercedes' engine block, radiator, front suspension, and bonnet, were sent flying into the packed spectator area in front of the grandstand. The rear of Levegh's car landed on the berm and exploded into flames.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [21, 21], "content_span": [22, 509]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072822-0002-0000", "contents": "1955 Le Mans disaster\nThere was much debate over blame for the disaster. The official inquiry held none of the drivers specifically responsible and criticised the layout of the 30-year-old track, which had not been designed for cars as fast as the ones involved in the crash.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [21, 21], "content_span": [22, 275]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072822-0003-0000", "contents": "1955 Le Mans disaster, Before the crash\nThere was great anticipation for the 1955 24 Hours of Le Mans, as Ferrari, Jaguar, and Mercedes-Benz had all won the race previously and all three automakers had arrived with new and improved cars. The Ferraris, current champions at the time, were very fast but fragile and prone to mechanical failure. Jaguar concentrated their racing almost exclusively on Le Mans and had a very experienced driver line-up, including Formula 1 (F1) Ferrari driver Mike Hawthorn.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [23, 39], "content_span": [40, 503]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072822-0004-0000", "contents": "1955 Le Mans disaster, Before the crash\nAfter conquering F1, Mercedes-Benz had debuted its new 300 SLR in that year's World Sportscar Championship, including a record-setting win at the Mille Miglia for Stirling Moss. The 300 SLR featured a body made of an ultra-lightweight magnesium alloy called Elektron. The car lacked the more effective state-of-the-art disc brakes featured on the rival Jaguar D-Type, instead incorporating inboard drum brakes and a large air brake behind the driver that could be raised to increase drag and slow the car.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [23, 39], "content_span": [40, 545]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072822-0005-0000", "contents": "1955 Le Mans disaster, Before the crash\nMercedes team manager Alfred Neubauer assembled a multinational team for the race: pairing his two best drivers Juan Manuel Fangio and Stirling Moss in the lead car, 1952 race-winner Karl Kling with Frenchman Andr\u00e9 Simon (both also in the current F1 team) and American John Fitch with one of the elder statesmen of French motor-racing, Pierre Levegh. It had been Levegh's unprecedented solo drive in the 1952 race that failed in the last hour, which allowed Mercedes-Benz their first Le Mans victory.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [23, 39], "content_span": [40, 540]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072822-0006-0000", "contents": "1955 Le Mans disaster, Before the crash\nAside from two layout changes to make the circuit shorter, the Circuit de la Sarthe was largely unaltered since the inception of the race in 1923, when top speeds of cars were typically in the region of 100\u00a0km/h (60\u00a0mph). By 1955, top speeds for the leading cars were over 270\u00a0km/h (170\u00a0mph). That said, the circuit had been resurfaced and widened after the Second World War.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [23, 39], "content_span": [40, 415]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072822-0006-0001", "contents": "1955 Le Mans disaster, Before the crash\nThe pits and grandstands had been reconstructed, but there were no barriers between the pit lane and the racing line, and only a 4\u00a0ft (1.2\u00a0m) earthen bank between the track and the spectators. The cars had no seat belts; the drivers reasoned that it was preferable to be thrown clear in a collision rather than be crushed or trapped in a burning car.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [23, 39], "content_span": [40, 390]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072822-0007-0000", "contents": "1955 Le Mans disaster, Before the crash\nThe 1955 race began at 4pm on Saturday, and, as predicted, the lead cars of Eugenio Castellotti (Ferrari), Hawthorn (Jaguar), and Fangio (Mercedes-Benz) were at the head of the field in the first hour. The other team cars were being kept on tighter leashes to conserve the cars, but still racing in the top ten. Going into the second hour, Castellotti started dropping back, but Hawthorn and Fangio continued the duel, swapping the lead and dropping the lap record further and further, lapping most of the field.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [23, 39], "content_span": [40, 552]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072822-0008-0000", "contents": "1955 Le Mans disaster, Before the crash\nThe accident happened at 6:26 pm, at the end of lap 35, when the first pit stops for the leading cars were starting.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [23, 39], "content_span": [40, 156]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072822-0009-0000", "contents": "1955 Le Mans disaster, Crash, Immediate cause\nOn lap 35, Hawthorn and Fangio were racing as hard as ever. In his biography, Hawthorn said he was \"momentarily mesmerized by the legend of the Mercedes superiority... Then I came to my senses and thought \u2018Damn it, why should a German car beat a British car.'\" The lap before, Hawthorn's pit crew had signalled for him to come in the next lap. He had just lapped Levegh (running sixth) after Arnage (one of the corners of the race track) and was determined to keep Fangio at bay as long as possible.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [23, 45], "content_span": [46, 545]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072822-0009-0001", "contents": "1955 Le Mans disaster, Crash, Immediate cause\nComing out of the Maison Blanche portion of the course, he rapidly caught Lance Macklin in his Austin Healey 100S, who had seen him and moved over to the right to let him pass. Putting another lap on Macklin coming up to the main straight, Hawthorn then raised his hand to indicate he was pitting and pulled across to the right (from Hawthorn's testimony). What caught Macklin out though was that Hawthorn, using his advanced disc brakes, braked very hard to be able to slow the Jaguar from such a speed in time.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [23, 45], "content_span": [46, 558]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072822-0010-0000", "contents": "1955 Le Mans disaster, Crash, Collision\nThere were two key factors regarding the track layout at that time \u2013 first, there was no designated deceleration lane for cars coming into the pits, and second, that just before the main straight, there was a very slight right-hand kink in the road just after which Hawthorn started braking.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [23, 39], "content_span": [40, 331]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072822-0011-0000", "contents": "1955 Le Mans disaster, Crash, Collision\nMacklin, who also braked hard, ran off the right-hand edge of the track, throwing up dust. Macklin tried to avoid Hawthorn, whether it was an instinctive swerve from surprise, a loss of control from going onto the change of road-surface, or his car's disc brakes operating unevenly. As a result, Macklin's car veered across to the centre of the track, apparently briefly out of control. This put him into the path of Levegh's Mercedes, closing at over 200\u00a0km/h (120\u00a0mph), intent on doing another lap and in front of Fangio, who was patiently waiting to pass. Levegh had no time to evade and with possibly his last action, raised his hand, warning Fangio, thereby probably saving Fangio's life. With his eyes shut Fangio\u2014with his own quick reflexes\u2014squeezed through the carnage, just brushing Hawthorn's now-stationary Jaguar in the pits, but getting through unscathed.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [23, 39], "content_span": [40, 908]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072822-0012-0000", "contents": "1955 Le Mans disaster, Crash, Collision\nLevegh's right-front wheel rode up onto the left rear corner of Macklin's car, which acted as a ramp and launched Levegh's car into the air, flying over spectators and rolling end over end for 80 metres (260\u00a0ft). Levegh was thrown free of the tumbling car, but his skull was fatally crushed when he hit the ground.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [23, 39], "content_span": [40, 354]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072822-0013-0000", "contents": "1955 Le Mans disaster, Crash, Collision\nThe critical kink in the road put the car on a direct trajectory toward the packed terraces and grandstand. The car landed on the earthen embankment between the spectators and the track, bounced, then slammed into a concrete stairwell structure and disintegrated. The momentum of the heaviest components of the car \u2013 the engine block, radiator, and front suspension \u2013 hurtled straight on into the crowd for almost 100 metres (330\u00a0ft), crushing all in their path. The bonnet lid scythed through the air, \"decapitating tightly jammed spectators like a guillotine.\" Spectators who had climbed onto ladders and scaffolding to get a better view of the track, and those crowding to use the underpass to get to the pits, found themselves in the path of the lethal debris.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [23, 39], "content_span": [40, 804]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072822-0014-0000", "contents": "1955 Le Mans disaster, Crash, Collision\nJaguar driver Duncan Hamilton, watching from the pit wall, recalled, \"The scene on the other side of the road was indescribable. The dead and dying were everywhere; the cries of pain, anguish, and despair screamed catastrophe. I stood as if in a dream, too horrified to even think.\"", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [23, 39], "content_span": [40, 322]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072822-0015-0000", "contents": "1955 Le Mans disaster, Crash, Collision\nWhen the rest of Levegh's car landed on the embankment, the rear-mounted fuel tank exploded. The fuel fire raised the temperature of the remaining Elektron bodywork past its ignition temperature, which was lower than that of other metal alloys due to its high magnesium content. The alloy burst into white-hot flames, showering the track and crowd with magnesium embers, made worse by rescue workers unfamiliar with magnesium fires who poured water onto the inferno, greatly intensifying the fire. As a result, the car burned for several hours.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [23, 39], "content_span": [40, 584]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072822-0016-0000", "contents": "1955 Le Mans disaster, Crash, Collision\nMeanwhile, Macklin's car, heavily damaged, rammed the left-side barrier, then veered to the right of the track into the pit lane, narrowly missing Kling's Mercedes-Benz, Roberto Mieres's Maserati, and Don Beauman's Jaguar, all of which were already in the pits refuelling before the accident. Macklin's car hit the unprotected pit-wall, just short of the Cunningham and Mercedes-Benz pits where Shell and Lockheed equipment were stationed, running down a policeman, a photographer and two officials (all seriously injured), then rebounded back across the track again to end up skating down the left-side fence for a second time. Macklin survived the incident without serious injury, jumping out of the wreck and over the bank.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [23, 39], "content_span": [40, 766]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072822-0017-0000", "contents": "1955 Le Mans disaster, Aftermath, Following hours\nHawthorn had overshot his pits and stopped. Getting out he was immediately ordered by his team to get back in and do another lap to get away from the total confusion and danger. When he pit stopped during the next lap he staggered out of the car completely distraught, adamant that he had caused the catastrophe. Ivor Bueb and Norman Dewis, both Le Mans debutants, had to step into their respective cars for their first driver stints. Bueb in particular was very reluctant, but given Hawthorn's condition had no choice, as Dewis firmly pointed out to him.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [23, 49], "content_span": [50, 605]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072822-0018-0000", "contents": "1955 Le Mans disaster, Aftermath, Following hours\nJohn Fitch, Levegh's American co-driver, had suited up and was ready to take over the car at the upcoming pit stop, and was standing with Levegh's wife Denise Bouillin. They saw the whole catastrophe unfold. Levegh's lifeless body, severely burned, lay in full view on the pavement until a gendarme hauled down a banner to cover it. Levegh's wife was inconsolable and Fitch stayed with her until she could be comforted.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [23, 49], "content_span": [50, 469]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072822-0018-0001", "contents": "1955 Le Mans disaster, Aftermath, Following hours\nHalf an hour after the crash Fitch realised that news was probably being broadcast on the radio, and he needed to telephone his family to reassure them that he was not the driver of the crashed car. When he got to the media centre to use a telephone, he got his first inkling of the sheer enormity of the disaster, overhearing a reporter filing that 48 deaths were already confirmed.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [23, 49], "content_span": [50, 433]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072822-0018-0002", "contents": "1955 Le Mans disaster, Aftermath, Following hours\nWhen Fitch returned to his pit, he urged the Mercedes team to withdraw from the race, as continuing to compete would be a public relations disaster for Mercedes-Benz regardless of whether they won or lost. Team manager Alfred Neubauer had already reached the same conclusion, but did not have the authority to make such a decision.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [23, 49], "content_span": [50, 381]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072822-0019-0000", "contents": "1955 Le Mans disaster, Aftermath, Following hours\nDespite expectations for the race to be red-flagged and stopped entirely, race officials, led by race director Charles Faroux, kept the race running. In the days after the disaster, several explanations were offered by Faroux for this course of action. They included:", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [23, 49], "content_span": [50, 317]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072822-0020-0000", "contents": "1955 Le Mans disaster, Aftermath, Following hours\nAfter an emergency meeting and vote of Mercedes-Benz company directors by telephone in Stuttgart, West Germany, Neubauer finally got the call approving his team's withdrawal just before midnight. Waiting until 1:45 am, when many spectators had left, he stepped onto the track and quietly called his cars into the pits, at the time running first and third. Their retirement was briefly announced over the public address system. The Mercedes trucks were packed up and gone by morning. Chief engineer Rudolf Uhlenhaut had gone to the Jaguar pits to ask if the Jaguar team would respond in kind, out of respect for the crash victims. Jaguar team manager \"Lofty\" England declined.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [23, 49], "content_span": [50, 725]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072822-0021-0000", "contents": "1955 Le Mans disaster, Aftermath, Conclusion of the race\nHawthorn and the Jaguar team kept racing. With the Mercedes team withdrawn and the Ferraris all out of commission, Jaguar's main competition had gone. Hawthorn and Bueb won the race by a margin of five laps from Aston Martin. The weather had closed in on Sunday morning and there was no victory celebration. However, a press photograph showed Hawthorn smiling on the podium drinking from the victor's bottle of champagne. The French magazine L'Auto-Journal published it with the sarcastic caption, \"\u00c0 votre sant\u00e9, Monsieur Hawthorn!\" (In English, \"To your health ('Cheers'), Mr. Hawthorn!\")", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [23, 56], "content_span": [57, 647]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072822-0022-0000", "contents": "1955 Le Mans disaster, Aftermath, After the race\nAccounts put the death toll at 80 to 84 (spectators plus Levegh), either by flying debris or from the fire, with a further 120 to 178 injured. Other observers estimated the toll to be much higher. It has remained the most catastrophic crash in motorsport history. A special Mass was held in the morning in the Le Mans Cathedral for the first funerals of the victims.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [23, 48], "content_span": [49, 415]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072822-0023-0000", "contents": "1955 Le Mans disaster, Aftermath, After the race\nThe death toll led to an immediate temporary ban on motorsports in France, Spain, Switzerland, West Germany, and other nations, until racetracks could be brought to a higher safety standard. In the United States, the American Automobile Association (AAA) dissolved their Contest Board that had been the primary sanctioning body for motorsport in the US (including the Indianapolis 500) since 1904. It decided that auto racing detracted from its primary goals, and the United States Automobile Club was formed to take over the race sanctioning and officiating.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [23, 48], "content_span": [49, 608]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072822-0024-0000", "contents": "1955 Le Mans disaster, Aftermath, After the race\nMost countries lifted their racing bans within a year after the disaster. France in particular, as the host of Le Mans, lifted their complete ban on 14 September 1955. On that date, the Ministry of the Interior released new regulations for racing events and codified the approval process that future racing events would need to follow. In contrast, Switzerland's ban, which also extended to the running of timed motorsports such as hillclimbs, was not quickly lifted. This forced Swiss racing promoters to organize circuit events in foreign countries including France, Italy, and West Germany.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [23, 48], "content_span": [49, 642]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072822-0024-0001", "contents": "1955 Le Mans disaster, Aftermath, After the race\nIn 2003, the Federal Assembly of Switzerland started a lengthy discussion about whether this ban should be lifted. The discussion focused on traffic policy and environmental questions rather than on safety. On 10 June 2009, the St\u00e4nderat (upper house of the Swiss parliament) defeated a proposal to lift the ban for the second time. In 2015, the ban was relaxed for electric vehicles only, such as cars involved in Formula E electric racing.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [23, 48], "content_span": [49, 490]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072822-0025-0000", "contents": "1955 Le Mans disaster, Aftermath, After the race\nThe next round of the World Sportscar Championship at the N\u00fcrburgring was cancelled, as was the non-championship Carrera Panamericana. The rest of the 1955 World Sportscar Championship season was completed, with the remaining two races at the British RAC Tourist Trophy and the Italian Targa Florio, although they were not run until September and October, several months after the catastrophe. Mercedes-Benz won both of these events, and was able to secure the constructors championship for the season. Having achieved that, Mercedes withdrew from motorsport.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [23, 48], "content_span": [49, 608]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072822-0025-0001", "contents": "1955 Le Mans disaster, Aftermath, After the race\nThe horror of the crash caused some drivers present, including Americans Fitch (after completing the season with Mercedes), Phil Walters (who had been offered a drive with Ferrari for the rest of the season), and Sherwood Johnston, to retire from racing. Macklin also decided to retire after being involved in another fatal crash, during the 1955 RAC Tourist Trophy race at Dundrod Circuit. Fangio never raced at Le Mans again. At the Circuit de la Sarthe, the audience stands at the pits were demolished.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [23, 48], "content_span": [49, 554]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072822-0026-0000", "contents": "1955 Le Mans disaster, Aftermath, After the race\nMuch recrimination was directed at Hawthorn, saying that he had suddenly cut in front of Macklin and slammed on the brakes near the entrance to the pits, forcing Macklin to take desperate evasive action into the path of Levegh. This became the semi-official pronouncement of the Mercedes team and Macklin's story. The Jaguar team in turn questioned the fitness and competence of Macklin and Levegh as drivers. The initial media accounts were wildly inaccurate, as shown by subsequent analysis of photographic evidence conducted by Road & Track editor (and 1955 second-place finisher) Paul Fr\u00e8re in 1975. Additional details emerged when the stills reviewed by Fr\u00e8re were converted to video form.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [23, 48], "content_span": [49, 743]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072822-0027-0000", "contents": "1955 Le Mans disaster, Aftermath, After the race\nThe media also speculated on the violent fire that engulfed the wreck, which intensified when fire marshals poured their water-based extinguishers on the flames. They suggested that Mercedes-Benz had tampered with the official fuel-supply with an explosive additive, but the intensity of the fire was due instead to the magnesium-alloy construction of the chassis. Neubauer got the French authorities to test residual fuel left in the wreck's fuel injection and the result vindicated the company.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [23, 48], "content_span": [49, 545]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072822-0028-0000", "contents": "1955 Le Mans disaster, Aftermath, After the race\nOpinions differed widely amongst the other drivers as to who was directly to blame for the crash, and such differences remain even today. Macklin claimed that Hawthorn's move to the pits was sudden, causing an emergency that led him to swerve into Levegh's path. Years later Fitch claimed, based on his own recollection and from what he heard from others, that Hawthorn had caused it. Dewis ventured the opinions that Macklin's move around Hawthorn was careless and that Levegh was not competent to meet the demands of driving at the speeds the 300SLR was capable of.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [23, 48], "content_span": [49, 616]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072822-0029-0000", "contents": "1955 Le Mans disaster, Aftermath, After the race\nBoth Jaguar and Mercedes-Benz issued official statements, mainly in self-defense against the accusations leveled against them and their drivers. Neubauer limited himself to suggesting improvements to the pit straight and making pit-stops safer.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [23, 48], "content_span": [49, 293]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072822-0030-0000", "contents": "1955 Le Mans disaster, Aftermath, After the race\nMacklin, on reading Hawthorn's 1958 autobiography, Challenge Me the Race, was embittered when he found that Hawthorn now disclaimed all responsibility for the crash without identifying who had caused it. With Levegh dead, Macklin presumed that Hawthorn's implication was that he (Macklin) had been responsible, and he began a libel action. The action was still unresolved when Hawthorn was killed in a non-racing crash on the Guildford bypass in 1959, ironically while overtaking a Mercedes-Benz in his Jaguar.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [23, 48], "content_span": [49, 559]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072822-0031-0000", "contents": "1955 Le Mans disaster, Aftermath, After the race\nThe official government inquiry into the accident called officials, drivers, and team personnel to be questioned and give evidence. The wreckage was examined and tested and, finally, returned to Mercedes-Benz nearly twelve months after the catastrophe. In the end the enquiry ruled that no specific driver was responsible for the crash, and that it was merely a terrible racing incident. The death of the spectators was blamed on inadequate safety standards for the track design. Tony Rolt and other drivers had been raising concerns about the pit straight since 1953.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [23, 48], "content_span": [49, 617]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072822-0032-0000", "contents": "1955 Le Mans disaster, Aftermath, Legacy\nOver the next year, the Automobile Club de l'Ouest (ACO) set about making extensive track improvements and infrastructure changes at the Circuit de la Sarthe\u2014the pit straight was redesigned and widened to remove the kink just before the start-finish line, and to give room for a deceleration lane. The pits complex was pulled down and rebuilt, giving more room to the teams, but thereby limiting spaces to only 52 starters rather than the previous 60. The grandstand was demolished and rebuilt with new spectator terraces and a wide ditch between them and the racetrack. Track safety technology and practices evolved slowly until F1 driver Jackie Stewart organized a campaign to advocate for better safety measures ten years later. Stewart's campaign gained momentum after the deaths of Lorenzo Bandini and Jim Clark.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [23, 40], "content_span": [41, 858]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072822-0033-0000", "contents": "1955 Le Mans disaster, Aftermath, Legacy\nFitch became a major safety advocate and began active development of safer road cars and racing circuits. He invented traffic safety devices currently in use on highways, including the sand-and-air-filled Fitch barrels.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [23, 40], "content_span": [41, 260]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072822-0034-0000", "contents": "1955 Le Mans disaster, Aftermath, Legacy\nMacklin's Austin-Healey 100 was sold to several private buyers before appearing on the public auction block. In 1969, it was bought for \u00a3155 (equivalent to \u00a32,570 in 2019). In December 2011, the car, estimated to raise \u00a3800,000 before the auction, was sold for \u00a3843,000. The car retained the original engine SPL 261-BN, but was reported to be in 'barn find' condition. It was then restored to its original condition, arguably destroying much of its history.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [23, 40], "content_span": [41, 498]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072823-0000-0000", "contents": "1955 LeHi 300\nThe 1955 LeHi 300 (known officially in NASCAR as 1955-40) was a NASCAR Grand National Series event that was held on October 9, 1955, at Memphis-Arkansas Speedway in LeHi, Arkansas.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 13], "section_span": [13, 13], "content_span": [14, 194]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072823-0001-0000", "contents": "1955 LeHi 300\nThe race car drivers still had to commute to the races using the same stock cars that competed in a typical weekend's race through a policy of homologation (and under their own power). This policy was in effect until roughly 1975. By 1980, NASCAR had completely stopped tracking the year model of all the vehicles and most teams did not take stock cars to the track under their own power any more.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 13], "section_span": [13, 13], "content_span": [14, 411]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072823-0002-0000", "contents": "1955 LeHi 300, Race report\nThe 200-lap race took three hours and thirty-four minutes to complete in front of 8500 live spectators. Speedy Thompson defeated Marvin Panch by \u00be of a single lap. Ford would win their first race as a manufacturer since 1950. Fonty Flock earned the pole position with a speed of 100.390 miles per hour (161.562\u00a0km/h) while the winner of the race achieved a speed of 83.948 miles per hour (135.101\u00a0km/h). Jim Reed was disqualified for using non-stock cylinder heads, and was considered a repeat violation according to NASCAR. The in-race disqualification resulted in Reed given the last-place finish on lap 8. All of the 41 drivers on the racing grid were Caucasian American-born males. This was the 40th racing event out of the 45 done in the 1955 NASCAR Grand National Series season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 13], "section_span": [15, 26], "content_span": [27, 811]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072823-0003-0000", "contents": "1955 LeHi 300, Race report\nBob Flock would make his only NASCAR Grand National Series start under car owner Carl Kiekhafer. Due to strained relationships between Flock and Kiekhafer, Flock would never drive for him again. In this race, 21 of the drivers had previously won in the NASCAR Grand National Cup Series. This was also the 12th Of Buck Baker's 16 consecutive finishes to bring the 1955 NASCAR Grand National Series to a conclusion. It was also the 10th of 12 starts for Johnny Mantz.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 13], "section_span": [15, 26], "content_span": [27, 492]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072823-0004-0000", "contents": "1955 LeHi 300, Race report\nThe total amount of prize winnings that could have been earned from this racing event was $9,120 ($88,107.13 when adjusted for inflation). Smokey Yunick and Carl Kiekhaefer were the two notable crew chiefs that participated in the event.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 13], "section_span": [15, 26], "content_span": [27, 264]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072823-0005-0000", "contents": "1955 LeHi 300, Race report\nTiny Lund would make his career start during this event and would make $60 for his troubles ($579.65 when adjusted for inflation). Other drivers making their NASCAR Cup Series debut in this race included Johnny Allen, Bill Morton, Jim Murray, Norm Nelson, and Chuck Stevenson. A lot of drivers would make their grand exits from NASCAR after this race: this relatively long list included Floyd Curtis, Hooker Hood, Roscoe Rann and Leland Sewell. One-time race car drivers Bob Coleman, Al Hager, and Gene Rose would make their only NASCAR appearances during this race.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 13], "section_span": [15, 26], "content_span": [27, 593]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072823-0006-0000", "contents": "1955 LeHi 300, Race report\nEven during the 1950s, it was unusual to see four cars fail to finish the race due to problems with the vapor lock. It occurs when the liquid fuel changes state from liquid to gas while still in the fuel delivery system. This disrupts the operation of the fuel pump, causing loss of feed pressure to the carburetor, resulting in transient loss of power or complete stalling. Restarting the engine from this state may be difficult. The fuel can vaporize due to being heated by the engine, by the local climate or due to a lower boiling point at high altitude.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 13], "section_span": [15, 26], "content_span": [27, 585]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072824-0000-0000", "contents": "1955 Leeds City Council election\nThe Leeds municipal elections were held on Thursday 12 May 1955, with one third of the council up for election, as well as a vacancy in Wellington.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [32, 32], "content_span": [33, 180]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072824-0001-0000", "contents": "1955 Leeds City Council election\nWith the third consecutive election producing swings to them - this time a 2.1% swing - the Conservatives managed to top the poll and make gains from Labour for the first time since the 1951 election, echoing their national result. This, however, did not stop Labour winning a comfortable majority of the seats contested. The three gains were in Beeston, Westfield and Wortley - wards where Labour had gained from them following 1951. Party totals remained unchanged with the new division of aldermen effectively wiping out those three gains, as Labour were allotted - at Conservative expense - three more aldermen. Turnout rose marginally to a low figure of 39.4%.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [32, 32], "content_span": [33, 698]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072824-0002-0000", "contents": "1955 Leeds City Council election, Election result\nThe result had the following consequences for the total number of seats on the council after the elections:", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 49], "content_span": [50, 157]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072825-0000-0000", "contents": "1955 Lehigh Engineers football team\nThe 1955 Lehigh Engineers football team was an American football team that represented Lehigh University during the 1955 college football season. Lehigh placed second in the Middle Three Conference.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [35, 35], "content_span": [36, 234]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072825-0001-0000", "contents": "1955 Lehigh Engineers football team\nIn their tenth year under head coach William Leckonby, the Engineers compiled a 7\u20132 record, 1\u20131 against conference opponents. Bruno Pagnani was the team captain.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [35, 35], "content_span": [36, 197]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072825-0002-0000", "contents": "1955 Lehigh Engineers football team\nLehigh played its home games at Taylor Stadium on the university's main campus in Bethlehem, Pennsylvania.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [35, 35], "content_span": [36, 142]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072826-0000-0000", "contents": "1955 Liberian constitutional referendum\nA constitutional referendum was held in Liberia on 3 May 1955. The changes to the constitution would grant women in the Provinces the right to vote (other women had been granted the right to vote in a 1946 referendum), grant all women the right to be elected to Parliament, and remove the section detailing that the Chief Justice would oversee any impeachment of the President or Vice-President. The changes were approved by voters.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [39, 39], "content_span": [40, 472]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072826-0001-0000", "contents": "1955 Liberian constitutional referendum, Constitutional change\nThe proposed changes would be to Chapters I and II.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 62], "content_span": [63, 114]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072826-0002-0000", "contents": "1955 Liberian constitutional referendum, Constitutional change\nA two-thirds majority in the vote was necessary for the changes to be approved.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 62], "content_span": [63, 142]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072827-0000-0000", "contents": "1955 Liberian general election\nGeneral elections were held in Liberia in May 1955. For the first time since 1931 there was more than one candidate in the presidential election. However, William Tubman of the True Whig Party was easily re-elected, winning over 99.5% of the vote.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [30, 30], "content_span": [31, 278]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072828-0000-0000", "contents": "1955 Limerick Senior Hurling Championship\nThe 1955 Limerick Senior Hurling Championship was the 61st staging of the Limerick Senior Hurling Championship since its establishment by the Limerick County Board in 1887.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 41], "section_span": [41, 41], "content_span": [42, 214]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072828-0001-0000", "contents": "1955 Limerick Senior Hurling Championship\nAhane won the championship after a 2-05 to 0-05 defeat of Geraldines in the final. It was their 16th championship title overall and their first title since 1948.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 41], "section_span": [41, 41], "content_span": [42, 203]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072829-0000-0000", "contents": "1955 Little League World Series\nThe 1955 Little League World Series was held from August 23 to August 26 in Williamsport, Pennsylvania. Morrisville Little League of Morrisville, Pennsylvania, defeated Delaware Township Little League of Delaware Township, New Jersey, in the championship game of the 9th Little League World Series.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [31, 31], "content_span": [32, 330]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072829-0001-0000", "contents": "1955 Little League World Series\nThis was the first time that the Little League World Series title was won with a walk-off home run, hit by Rich Cominski in the bottom of the 7th inning. Attendees at the final game included former General of the Army George Marshall and Governor of Pennsylvania George M. Leader.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [31, 31], "content_span": [32, 312]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072830-0000-0000", "contents": "1955 Liverpool City Council election\nElections to Liverpool City Council were held on Thursday 12 May 1955. After the election, the composition of the council was:", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [36, 36], "content_span": [37, 163]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072830-0001-0000", "contents": "1955 Liverpool City Council election, Ward results\nThe Councillors seeking re-election at this election were elected in the 'all-up' election in 1953 for a two-year term (as they were the candidates receiving the second highest number of votes). Therefore, comparisons are made with the 1953 election results.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 50], "content_span": [51, 309]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072830-0002-0000", "contents": "1955 Liverpool City Council election, Aldermanic elections\nAt the meeting of the City Council on 23 May 1955 the terms of office of twenty of the forty Aldermen expired and the Councillors elected twenty Aldermen to fill the vacant positions for a term of six years. Fifteen Conservative, one Independent, and two Liberal Aldermen were replaced by eighteen Labour Aldermen, allowing Labour to take control of the council for the first time.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 58], "content_span": [59, 440]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072830-0003-0000", "contents": "1955 Liverpool City Council election, By-elections, Low Hill\nBy-election caused by the election of John Mathew Taylor (elected Cllr. for Low Hill in 1954) as Alderman.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 60], "content_span": [61, 167]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072830-0004-0000", "contents": "1955 Liverpool City Council election, By-elections, Abercromby\nBy-election caused by the election of Harry Livermore (elected Cllr. for Abercromby in 1953) as Alderman.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 62], "content_span": [63, 168]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072830-0005-0000", "contents": "1955 Liverpool City Council election, By-elections, Central\nBy-election caused by the election of Bessie Braddock as Alderman.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 59], "content_span": [60, 126]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072830-0006-0000", "contents": "1955 Liverpool City Council election, By-elections, Granby\nBy-election caused by the election of Elizabeth Trainor (elected as Cllr. for Granby in 1953) as Alderman.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 58], "content_span": [59, 165]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072830-0007-0000", "contents": "1955 Liverpool City Council election, By-elections, St. James\nBy-election caused by the election of Hugh Carr (elected as Cllr. for St. James in 1953) and William George Ingham (elected as Cllr. for St. James in 1954) as Aldermen.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 61], "content_span": [62, 230]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072830-0008-0000", "contents": "1955 Liverpool City Council election, By-elections, Speke\nBy-election caused by the election of Alexander Hardman (elected as Cllr. for Speke in 1953) as Alderman.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 57], "content_span": [58, 163]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072830-0009-0000", "contents": "1955 Liverpool City Council election, By-elections, Westminster\nBy-election caused by the election of John Hamilton (elected as Cllr. for Westminster in 1953) as Alderman.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 63], "content_span": [64, 171]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072830-0010-0000", "contents": "1955 Liverpool City Council election, By-elections, Everton\nBy-election caused by the election of  John Leslie Hughes (elected as Cllr. for Everton in 1953) and David Nickson (elected as Cllr. for Everton in 1954) as Aldermen.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 59], "content_span": [60, 226]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072830-0011-0000", "contents": "1955 Liverpool City Council election, By-elections, Sandhills\nBy-election caused by the election of Peter McKernan (elected as Cllr. for Sandhills in 1953), Henry Aldritt (elected as Cllr. for Sandhills in 1954) and Stanley Part (elected as Cllr. for Sandhills in 1955) as Aldermen.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 61], "content_span": [62, 282]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072830-0012-0000", "contents": "1955 Liverpool City Council election, By-elections, Vauxhall\nBy-election caused by the election of  Joseph Cyril Brady (elected as Cllr. for Vauxhall in 1954) as Alderman.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 60], "content_span": [61, 171]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072830-0013-0000", "contents": "1955 Liverpool City Council election, By-elections, Dingle\nBy-election caused by the election of Frank Hampton Cain (elected as Cllr. for Dingle in 1955) as Alderman.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 58], "content_span": [59, 166]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072830-0014-0000", "contents": "1955 Liverpool City Council election, By-elections, Pirrie\nBy-election caused by the election of  Joseph Morgan (elected as Cllr. for Pirrie in 1955) as Alderman.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 58], "content_span": [59, 162]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072830-0015-0000", "contents": "1955 Liverpool City Council election, By-elections, Picton\nBy-election caused by the election of Charles James Minton (elected as Cllr. for Picton in 1953) as Alderman.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 58], "content_span": [59, 168]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072830-0016-0000", "contents": "1955 Liverpool City Council election, By-elections, Dovecot\nBy-election caused by the election of Abraham Louis Caplan  (elected as Cllr. for Dovecot in 1954) as Alderman.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 59], "content_span": [60, 171]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072830-0017-0000", "contents": "1955 Liverpool City Council election, By-elections, Church by-election 27 October 1955\nCllr. Peter James O'Hare was elected by the Councillors as an Alderman on 4 January 1956 and assigned as the Returning Officer for the County ward.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 86], "content_span": [87, 234]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072831-0000-0000", "contents": "1955 Li\u00e8ge\u2013Bastogne\u2013Li\u00e8ge\nThe 1955 Li\u00e8ge\u2013Bastogne\u2013Li\u00e8ge was the 41st edition of the Li\u00e8ge\u2013Bastogne\u2013Li\u00e8ge cycle race and was held on 1 May 1955. The race started and finished in Li\u00e8ge. The race was won by Stan Ockers.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [25, 25], "content_span": [26, 216]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072832-0000-0000", "contents": "1955 London County Council election\nAn election to the County Council of London took place on 31 March 1955. The council was elected by First Past the Post with each elector having three votes in the three-member seats. The Conservative Party made significant gains, but the Labour Party retained a substantial majority.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [35, 35], "content_span": [36, 320]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072832-0001-0000", "contents": "1955 London County Council election\nThe size of the council was cut by three members, with Fulham East, Fulham West and Hammersmith South abolished, and replaced in part by the new constituencies of Barons Court and Fulham. This mirrored changes to constituencies for the House of Commons which were implemented at the 1955 general election, shortly afterwards.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [35, 35], "content_span": [36, 361]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072832-0002-0000", "contents": "1955 London County Council election, Campaign\nThe Labour Party began their campaign with a celebration at the Royal Festival Hall, to mark twenty-one years of running the council, and the twenty-fifth anniversary of the Daily Herald. A newspaper strike limited coverage of the election; the Manchester Guardian noted that there were fewer posters and fewer meetings than in previous elections, although parties were doing more doorstep campaigning.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 45], "content_span": [46, 448]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072832-0003-0000", "contents": "1955 London County Council election, Campaign\nThe Labour Party manifesto proposed more comprehensive schools, and championed their programmes of house building and improved services for children and elderly people. The Conservative Party opposed comprehensive schools, and argued that the council wasted money, proposing that civic restaurants should be closed and residential nurseries reduce their costs. Several constituencies were expected to see close battles between the two: Battersea South, Holborn and St Pancras South, Wandsworth Central and Woolwich West. Barons Court was considered an unknown, as a completely new seat.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 45], "content_span": [46, 632]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072832-0004-0000", "contents": "1955 London County Council election, Campaign\nThe Liberal Party manifesto proposed more housing, schools, nurseries and play areas, with their highest hopes of a seat being in Bethnal Green. The Communist Party focused on housing and opposition to nuclear weapons.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 45], "content_span": [46, 264]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072832-0005-0000", "contents": "1955 London County Council election, Results\nThe Conservatives gained fourteen seats from Labour. Barons Court was particularly closely fought, with six recounts required before the result was announced: two Labour seats, and one Conservative. Once the new and abolished seats were taken into account, Labour were down 18 seats, and the Conservatives up 15.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 44], "content_span": [45, 357]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072832-0006-0000", "contents": "1955 London County Council election, Results\nTurnout was particularly low, at 32%. In Woolwich West, it reached 55.9%, but in Stepney it fell to only 17.6%.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 44], "content_span": [45, 156]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072833-0000-0000", "contents": "1955 Long Beach State 49ers football team\nThe 1955 Long Beach State 49ers football team represented Long Beach State College during the 1955 college football season. The 49ers were in their first year of existence, and did not compete in any college conference in 1955.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 41], "section_span": [41, 41], "content_span": [42, 269]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072833-0001-0000", "contents": "1955 Long Beach State 49ers football team\nThe team was led by head coach Mike DeLotto, in his first year, and played home games at Veterans Stadium adjacent to the campus of Long Beach City College in Long Beach, California. They finished the season with a record of five wins and two losses (5\u20132).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 41], "section_span": [41, 41], "content_span": [42, 298]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072833-0002-0000", "contents": "1955 Long Beach State 49ers football team, Team players in the NFL\nNo Long Beach State 49ers were selected in the 1956 NFL Draft.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 41], "section_span": [43, 66], "content_span": [67, 129]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072834-0000-0000", "contents": "1955 Los Angeles Rams season\nThe 1955 Los Angeles Rams season was the team's 18th year with the National Football League and the tenth season in Los Angeles. The Rams won the Western Conference title and hosted the NFL championship game, but lost to the Cleveland Browns, 38\u201314.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [28, 28], "content_span": [29, 278]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072834-0001-0000", "contents": "1955 Los Angeles Rams season\nThe Rams did not reach another NFL title game until 24 years later, in Super Bowl XIV in January 1980.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [28, 28], "content_span": [29, 131]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072834-0002-0000", "contents": "1955 Los Angeles Rams season, Playoffs, Standings\nNote: Tie games were not officially counted in the standings until 1972.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 49], "content_span": [50, 122]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072835-0000-0000", "contents": "1955 Los Angeles State Diablos football team\nThe 1955 Los Angeles State Diablos football team represented Los Angeles State during the 1955 college football season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [44, 44], "content_span": [45, 164]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072835-0001-0000", "contents": "1955 Los Angeles State Diablos football team\nLos Angeles State competed in the California Collegiate Athletic Association (CCAA). The team was led by fifth-year head coach Leonard (Bud) Adams, who had been the leader of the team since the school started playing intercollegiate football in 1951. The Diablos played home games at Snyder Stadium. They finished the season with a record of three wins and six losses (3\u20136, 0\u20131 CCAA).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [44, 44], "content_span": [45, 429]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072835-0002-0000", "contents": "1955 Los Angeles State Diablos football team, Team players in the NFL\nNo Los Angeles State players were selected in the 1956 NFL Draft.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [46, 69], "content_span": [70, 135]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072836-0000-0000", "contents": "1955 Louisiana Highway renumbering\nIn 1955, Louisiana passed a law that undertook a comprehensive revision to the state highway classification and numbering system. The new system designated roads by importance to travel patterns and rectified the previous numbering system under new unified designations.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [34, 34], "content_span": [35, 305]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072836-0001-0000", "contents": "1955 Louisiana Highway renumbering, History\nHighway numbers in Louisiana first appeared in 1921, per Act 95 of the 1921 Special Session of the Louisiana Legislature. Routes 1 through 98 were defined that year. These first 98 routes remained consistent throughout the pre-1955 era. The lowest numbered routes seem to have followed major auto trails; for instance, LA 1 was the Jefferson Highway, LA 2 was the Old Spanish Trail, etc. The remainder of the numbering system seemed to work on a lower-number, higher-order principle, with some clustering; for instance, LA 61 and 62 both existed in St. Bernard Parish. When US highways were added in 1926, the US designations were simply overlaid over the preexisting state route (SR) designations in a method similar to modern Georgia (the state route was included in signage as well).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [36, 43], "content_span": [44, 830]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072836-0002-0000", "contents": "1955 Louisiana Highway renumbering, History\nOther routes were added as time went on, numbered in consecutive fashion, starting with LA 99 in 1924. By 1926 there were 162 defined routes; by 1929, 490. The number of routes increased precipitously during the Huey Long era, with 1325 routes defined by 1930 and more to come. A few routes were given \"half\" numbers, such as LA 99\u00bd and LA 1315\u00bd, for reasons perhaps related to numerical duplications in the official legal descriptions of the routes. (LA 99\u00bd, which had been jokingly referred to as \"the left lane of 100,\" was redesignated in the pre-1955 era, as LA 2203.)", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [36, 43], "content_span": [44, 617]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072836-0003-0000", "contents": "1955 Louisiana Highway renumbering, History\nThe pre-1955 system eventually reached the 22xx numeric range (or so) at its zenith. There were also \"C-xxxx\" roads, the purpose of which is unclear. All roads were seemingly numbered in the order that they were taken into the system, which led to anarchy, inconsistency, and disorder prevailing among the system of numbered routes. Major through routes were often divided up into several different route designations, and the routing of several primary marked routes (such as the old LA 1 and LA 30) came to make little sense from a traffic flow perspective.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [36, 43], "content_span": [44, 603]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072836-0004-0000", "contents": "1955 Louisiana Highway renumbering, History\nRoute designations were somewhat sacrosanct; apparently they could only be rerouted to take advantage of minor alignment shifts along the same general route. Former route segments retained the same number with a letter suffix added, starting with \"D\" and increasing with other bypassed segments in the same area. For example, bypassed LA 7 west of Hammond (current LA 1040) became LA 7D (or 7-D) while a bypassed segment east of Hammond (current LA 1067) became LA 7E (or 7-E). However, the major routes by and large retained consistent numbers despite the lack of major reroutings. Suffixes were also used in a way similar to the \"spur\" routes in the present system.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [36, 43], "content_span": [44, 711]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072836-0005-0000", "contents": "1955 Louisiana Highway renumbering, History\nUnlike today's system, clustering of the higher numbers seems to have occurred only when multiple routes in an area were added at the same time. For example, LA 1225 to 1251 all existed within Jefferson Parish and were designated by the same act of legislature in 1930. Otherwise, routes appear to have been numbered sequentially as they were added to the system.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [36, 43], "content_span": [44, 407]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072836-0006-0000", "contents": "1955 Louisiana Highway renumbering, History\nNot all numbers were assigned to existing roads; some roads were merely \"projected\", which is to say they were only lines on paper. State roads were often improved only \"if funds were available.\" This resulted in routes being nonexistent in the field, in whole or in part, or signed along routes that sometimes differed from their legal description. LA 33 was always discontinuous as ten miles of the New Orleans\u2013Hammond Highway was never completed as planned through St. John the Baptist and St. Charles Parishes. LA 1 did not match its legal description until 1928 when the Jefferson Highway was completed between Shrewsbury and New Orleans.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [36, 43], "content_span": [44, 687]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072836-0007-0000", "contents": "1955 Louisiana Highway renumbering, Renumbering\nPost-war efforts to make improvements to Louisiana's unorganized highway-numbering system reached fruition at the 1955 legislative session, where a comprehensive highway bill was passed that year and enacted into law. The new law effected a comprehensive revision of state highway classification and numbering, in order to designate roads by importance to travel patterns and to rectify the confusing numbering system by marking primary travel routes under unified designations.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [36, 47], "content_span": [48, 526]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072836-0008-0000", "contents": "1955 Louisiana Highway renumbering, Renumbering\nOne element of the highway reform lobby's efforts that was left out of the 1955 highway law was a proposal to reduce the amount of state-maintained mileage, mainly by shedding the many miles of minor and local service roads the state had accumulated over the years for political and other reasons. According to one proposal by the Louisiana Legislative Council, the 16,000 miles (26,000\u00a0km) or so which existed in the state system at the time would have been ultimately reduced to around 9,000 miles (14,000\u00a0km) through the turnback of all but the most important farm-to-market roads. Thus to this day, Louisiana retains an inordinately large state highway system which continues to contain many miles of roads that would be otherwise locally maintained in other states. Louisiana's state highway system ranks 10th nationally as a proportion of all road miles in the state.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [36, 47], "content_span": [48, 921]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072836-0009-0000", "contents": "1955 Louisiana Highway renumbering, Renumbering\nThe 1955 renumbering renumbered all routes based on an A-B-C system of route classification: A was primary, B secondary, and C farm-to-market. The A routes mainly comprised one and two digit highways. The B routes primarily comprised three digit routes below 300. All routes 300 through 1241, along with parts or all of a very few lower-numbered routes, were classified C routes. Numerical clustering was and is still apparent in the ranks of routes 300 and up (excluding 3xxx routes), especially with routes 700 and above. The A and B \"primary\" route range was 1 to 185. No 2xx numbers were used; this range may have been intended as an expansion area for future primary route designations (this was never done). LA 191 was added around 1980 as the Toledo Bend Scenic Drive; is the only primary route designation to be added after 1955.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [36, 47], "content_span": [48, 885]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072836-0010-0000", "contents": "1955 Louisiana Highway renumbering, Renumbering\nOdd numbers in 1955 and thereafter were assigned to cardinal north-south routes and even numbers to east\u2013west routes as in the federal U.S. and Interstate highway systems; this practice is consistently adhered to in primary routes (lower numbers), but anomalies have occurred in the four-digit numbers. Prior to 1955 the numbering pattern was essentially the obverse, meaning that almost all the numbers changed in 1955.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [36, 47], "content_span": [48, 468]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072836-0011-0000", "contents": "1955 Louisiana Highway renumbering, Renumbering\nThe 1955 route redesignations took effect on June 30 of 1955.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [36, 47], "content_span": [48, 109]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072836-0012-0000", "contents": "1955 Louisiana Highway renumbering, Post-1955 numbering practices\n3xxx designations were given to all new post-1955 SRs, and were the only new type designations, until around the year 2000 when 12xx designations began to be assigned to new routes, starting with 1242 and working up (1241 is the highest-designated 1955 route). State routes in any range can and have been removed from the system, and there are many corresponding gaps in the numerical sequence. Numbers of deleted routes are not recycled into new routes as they are in other states; generally a new 12xx number is assigned when a new number is needed.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [36, 65], "content_span": [66, 617]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072836-0012-0001", "contents": "1955 Louisiana Highway renumbering, Post-1955 numbering practices\nMany newer route designations are given to roads long having been on the state rolls, but which have been severed or isolated from its former designation by newer construction. Despite the high numbers, some roadways in the 3XXX series are major, heavily trafficked thoroughfares; an example is LA 3132, a connector between I-20 and I-49 in Shreveport\u2014and a rare example, in Louisiana, of a state highway built in the multilane, divided, access-fully-controlled format typical of interstate highways.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [36, 65], "content_span": [66, 566]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072836-0013-0000", "contents": "1955 Louisiana Highway renumbering, Post-1955 numbering practices\nOfficial US highway-state highway number duplications have been disallowed since 1955, but interstate-state highway duplications are permitted, and all interstate routes except 210 and 220 are duplicated in the rolls of state highway numbers. Most state highways with the same numbers as interstates are a comfortable distance away, with two exceptions: LA 59 and I-59, which exist within 20 miles (32\u00a0km) of each other in St. Tammany Parish, and which both intersect I-12; and LA 10 and I-10, which both flow east\u2013west across south Louisiana.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [36, 65], "content_span": [66, 609]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072836-0013-0001", "contents": "1955 Louisiana Highway renumbering, Post-1955 numbering practices\nThe confusion between LA 59 and I-59 became so substantial on the eastbound concourse of I-12 that Louisiana Department of Transportation and Development has posted \"TO I-59\" signs at the bottom of the eastbound exit ramp from I-12 at LA 59 to redirect, back to I-12 eastbound, motorists who confuse LA 59 as I-59.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [36, 65], "content_span": [66, 380]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072836-0014-0000", "contents": "1955 Louisiana Highway renumbering, \"Hyphenated\" routes\nThe Louisiana state highway system's most ubiquitous and unique anachronism is the infamous \"hyphenated\" routes. These routes were created with the 1955 renumbering, and are a legacy of the assumption by the state through the years of many otherwise local streets in cities and towns throughout the state. The state-maintained city streets were/are often short sections of road, usually interconnected with other state-maintained local streets in the vicinity.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [36, 55], "content_span": [56, 516]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072836-0014-0001", "contents": "1955 Louisiana Highway renumbering, \"Hyphenated\" routes\nBecause of the interconnectedness of these state-maintained streets, as well as their close proximity and extremely short length, it was decided for practical purposes not to separately number each and every street in a town as a separate state route. Instead, each street was deemed a 'section' of a larger whole, with the aggregate comprising a single state highway; this becomes obvious when reading the 1955 statute that defines the newly redesignated state highways. The separate sections are denoted by numbers in the statute, which correspond in signage to the last digit in a hyphenated route number. For example, LA 560-3 is section 3 of LA 560.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [36, 55], "content_span": [56, 710]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072836-0015-0000", "contents": "1955 Louisiana Highway renumbering, \"Hyphenated\" routes\nSimilar as it may sound, this method is different from state route legislative definitions in states such as California, where state routes are often defined as existing in disjoint sections; but in these cases, there is often a linear continuity of a route through cosigning or implied connections made via other routes. In Louisiana's case, the base \"route\" usually resembles a web-like or disconnected pattern; thus the distinction between sections in signage\u2014or else there would be multiple, often intersecting routes with the same number, and real confusion would ensue.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [36, 55], "content_span": [56, 631]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072836-0016-0000", "contents": "1955 Louisiana Highway renumbering, \"Hyphenated\" routes\nOver the years many of these hyphenated state routes have been returned to local control, thus deleting parts of, or entire \"families\" of, hyphenated routes. For example, the LA 466 family originally had 17 sections, all within the city of Gretna in Jefferson Parish. Most of these sections have been turned back to local control; the remaining section lost its \"hyphen\" and was renumbered as plain LA 466. In Baton Rouge, the LA 950 family had 17 sections; all are extinct. Some families still survive intact, such as the six sections of the LA 830 family in Bastrop. A few have been renumbered, almost always to 3000-series routes: LA 3155 in Metairie was once LA 611-13, and former portions of LA 611-3 and 611-4 that were severed from the rest of their routes were redesignated LA 3261 and LA 3262, respectively.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [36, 55], "content_span": [56, 872]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072836-0017-0000", "contents": "1955 Louisiana Highway renumbering, \"Hyphenated\" routes\nInvariably, hyphenated routes are short, local streets that seemingly serve no state-level purpose whatsoever; many are dead ends, residential side streets, etc., and sometimes end in arbitrary places. The majority of these routes can be found in urbanized areas, though there are a few that exist in rural surroundings. All of the hyphenated routes in the nomenclature are found among the original secondary SR system (routes 300 to 1241). There are no 3000-series hyphenates because all hyphenates were created with the 1955 renumbering (the 3xxx routes were later additions/renumberings).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [36, 55], "content_span": [56, 647]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072837-0000-0000", "contents": "1955 Louisiana Tech Bulldogs football team\nThe 1955 Louisiana Tech Bulldogs football team was an American football team that represented the Louisiana Polytechnic Institute (now known as Louisiana Tech University) as a member of the Gulf States Conference during the 1955 college football season. In their fifteenth year under head coach Joe Aillet, the team compiled a 9\u20131 record and finished as Gulf States Conference champion.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 42], "section_span": [42, 42], "content_span": [43, 429]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072838-0000-0000", "contents": "1955 Louisville Cardinals football team\nThe 1955 Louisville Cardinals football team was an American football team that represented the University of Louisville as an independent during the 1955 college football season. In their 10th season under head coach Frank Camp, the Cardinals compiled a 7\u20132 record.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [39, 39], "content_span": [40, 305]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072839-0000-0000", "contents": "1955 MacArthur Airport United Airlines crash\nOn April 4, 1955, a United Airlines Douglas DC-6 named Mainliner Idaho crashed shortly after taking off from Long Island MacArthur Airport, in Ronkonkoma, Islip, New York, United States.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [44, 44], "content_span": [45, 231]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072839-0001-0000", "contents": "1955 MacArthur Airport United Airlines crash\nThe flight was operated for the purpose of maintaining the currency of the instrument rating of two of the airline's pilots. Shortly after takeoff and only seconds after climbing through 150 feet (46\u00a0m), the plane began banking to the right. It continued to roll through 90\u00a0degrees; the nose then dropped suddenly and moments later it struck the ground. All three members of the flight crew were killed upon impact.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [44, 44], "content_span": [45, 460]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072839-0002-0000", "contents": "1955 MacArthur Airport United Airlines crash\nA subsequent investigation found a simulated engine failure procedure was being conducted, which involved a member of the crew pulling back the throttle lever for engine No. 4 prior to taking off. Investigators found that if the throttle lever was pulled back too far, it would cause the propeller to reverse\u2014a feature designed to slow the aircraft upon landing.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [44, 44], "content_span": [45, 407]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072839-0002-0001", "contents": "1955 MacArthur Airport United Airlines crash\nOnce the landing gear was raised, the crew would have to raise a metal flag in the cockpit to bring the propeller blades back into the correct position, since a safety device prevented electric power from operating the rotating mechanism at the roots of the blades unless the aircraft was on the ground or the flag was manually raised. The Civil Aeronautics Board (CAB) concluded one of the flight crew applied full power to No. 4 engine, thinking this would bring the aircraft out of the increasing bank.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [44, 44], "content_span": [45, 550]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072839-0002-0002", "contents": "1955 MacArthur Airport United Airlines crash\nBecause the blades were reversed and the flag was not raised, that increased the reverse thrust from No. 4 engine, causing the DC-6 to spiral out of control. Since the plane was so close to the ground, the suddenness of the bank and dive meant the flight crew had no chance to recover the aircraft before impact.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [44, 44], "content_span": [45, 357]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072839-0003-0000", "contents": "1955 MacArthur Airport United Airlines crash\nIn the aftermath of the accident, the Civil Aeronautics Administration (CAA) issued an Airworthiness Directive ordering all DC-6 and DC-6B aircraft to be fitted with a manual device which could prevent the inadvertent reversal of the propeller blades. United Airlines also stated they had begun installing reverse thrust indicator lights in the cockpits of their DC-6 aircraft, which would warn pilots when a propeller had reversed.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [44, 44], "content_span": [45, 477]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072839-0004-0000", "contents": "1955 MacArthur Airport United Airlines crash, History\nOn April 4, 1955, a United Airlines check captain, Stanley C. Hoyt, age 45, was carrying out instrument rating checks on two of the airline's pilots. Hoyt had been employed by United Airlines since 1937, and had 9,763 flying hours experience, 549 of which were in a DC-6. He was training the two pilots, Henry M. Dozier, age 40, and Vernis H. Webb, age 35, so they would be able to retain an instrument rating qualification, allowing them to fly under instrument flight rules. The aircraft was a Douglas DC-6, registration N37512, serial number 43001. The airframe had flown 22,068 flying hours, and had undergone an inspection 105 hours before the accident. The aircraft was powered by four Pratt & Whitney R2800-CB16 engines, fitted with Hamilton Standard 43E60-317 propellers.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [46, 53], "content_span": [54, 833]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072839-0005-0000", "contents": "1955 MacArthur Airport United Airlines crash, History\nThe weather on the day of the accident was clear, although there was a strong wind of about 20 knots (37\u00a0km/h) hitting the airfield from the southwest, with occasional gusts of wind as fast as 30 knots (56\u00a0km/h). The aircraft made several circuits, taking off and landing again, before eyewitnesses observed the aircraft standing at the end of the runway and then taking off at about 15:50 Eastern Standard Time. The takeoff weight was around 61,000 pounds (28,000\u00a0kg), far below the aircraft's maximum permissible weight and the center of gravity was within the prescribed limits for the model of aircraft.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [46, 53], "content_span": [54, 661]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072839-0006-0000", "contents": "1955 MacArthur Airport United Airlines crash, History\nBetween 1,500 feet (460\u00a0m) and 1,800 feet (550\u00a0m) down the runway, the aircraft reached take-off speed, lifted off the ground, and began climbing normally as the crew retracted the landing gear. Upon climbing through 50 feet (15\u00a0m), the aircraft began banking to the right. The climbing bank continued to increase at a rate which alarmed witnesses, and soon after the aircraft rolled through 90\u00b0 (at which point the wings were vertical to the ground). At a height of around 150 feet (46\u00a0m), with all four engines producing take-off thrust, the nose began to fall.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [46, 53], "content_span": [54, 617]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072839-0006-0001", "contents": "1955 MacArthur Airport United Airlines crash, History\nMoments later the right wing and nose impacted the ground, causing the fuselage to cartwheel over, before the aircraft came to rest, with the correct side up. It was immediately engulfed in flames. All three members of the flight crew were instantly killed. Although emergency services at Long Island MacArthur promptly responded to the crash, the aircraft was destroyed by the post-crash fire.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [46, 53], "content_span": [54, 448]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072839-0007-0000", "contents": "1955 MacArthur Airport United Airlines crash, Investigation, Wreckage examination\nThe Civil Aeronautics Board (CAB), charged with investigating the accident, examined the wreckage at Long Island MacArthur Airport. Reports from witnesses of the crash indicated the aircraft appeared to have made a normal takeoff and began climbing normally. But, moments later it began banking sharply to the right. Investigators examined the four charred engines and concluded all were producing power at the point of impact. They could not conclusively determine the amount of power being produced, but stated there was no evidence found in the wreckage that suggested the engines might have suffered an operational failure.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [46, 81], "content_span": [82, 709]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072839-0008-0000", "contents": "1955 MacArthur Airport United Airlines crash, Investigation, Wreckage examination\nThey were also able to determine all of the flight control surfaces, including the elevators, ailerons and rudder, were functioning properly at the point of the crash, and there were no faults in the flight control system. The flaps were extended to between 15\u00b0 and 20\u00b0, the standard setting for take-off. The propeller blades of No. 4 engine\u2014 on the far right side of the aircraft\u2014were reversed\u2014minus 8\u00b0, while the blades of Nos. 1, 2 and 3 engines were at 34\u00b0 positive pitch (also standard for take-off).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [46, 81], "content_span": [82, 588]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072839-0009-0000", "contents": "1955 MacArthur Airport United Airlines crash, Investigation, Reversed thrust\nThe propellers of a DC-6 are designed to provide reverse thrust after the aircraft touches down. The pilot then retards the throttle levers to a point below idle speed and that directs the electric mechanisms in the propeller hub to rotate the blades to a position in which they will provide reverse thrust. Should the pilot need to perform a go-around, he moves the thrust levers forward to a positive position again and that will produce forward thrust, enabling the pilot to execute a go-around maneuver.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [46, 76], "content_span": [77, 584]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072839-0010-0000", "contents": "1955 MacArthur Airport United Airlines crash, Investigation, Reversed thrust\nThe Douglas Aircraft Company designed a system that would prevent the accidental reversal of propeller blades in-flight. During development of the DC-6, the company installed a system that cut electrical power to the mechanisms which rotated the blades while the airplane was in the air. When there was enough weight on the landing gear (which would only be the case when the aircraft was on the ground), a switch which supplied electrical power to the mechanisms was closed\u2014meaning that when the aircraft touched down the blades could be reversed and thus the airplane could be slowed.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [46, 76], "content_span": [77, 663]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072839-0010-0001", "contents": "1955 MacArthur Airport United Airlines crash, Investigation, Reversed thrust\nWhen the switch was closed, a red flag would swing into view in the cockpit of the aircraft, warning the crew that the blades could be reversed. Should the switch fail to close upon landing, the flag could be raised manually and electrical power to the mechanisms would be restored. When the aircraft took off, electrical power would be cut to the mechanisms so that the propeller blades could not be inadvertently reversed, and the red flag swung out of sight. Reverse thrust warning lamps, which would have warned the crew if the propellers were reversed, were not fitted on Mainliner Idaho.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [46, 76], "content_span": [77, 670]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072839-0011-0000", "contents": "1955 MacArthur Airport United Airlines crash, Investigation, Flight tests\nThe CAB carried out flight tests using a DC-6. They found that if the propellers were reversed prior to take-off they would not, if the flag was not raised, be rotated automatically again in the air to produce forward thrust if full power was applied. Tests performed by United Airlines showed that, if the propellers of just one engine were reversed and full power was applied to all four engines, then the aircraft would spiral into a dive. If METO (maximum except take-off) power was applied to Nos. 1, 2 and 3 engines, and full reverse thrust was applied to engine No. 4, then the aircraft would become uncontrollable.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [46, 73], "content_span": [74, 696]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072839-0012-0000", "contents": "1955 MacArthur Airport United Airlines crash, Investigation, Flight tests\nIf full left aileron was applied, the aircraft could be recovered for a short period of time, but a violent turn to the right would continue, and the competing forces would cause the aircraft to stall, and violently roll and pitch down. Flight tests, investigators said, accurately reproduced what happened to Mainliner Idaho during the accident sequence. The tests performed by United and by the investigators showed that if, after the aircraft became airborne, full power was applied to an engine whose propellers were reversed, the propellers would produce not positive thrust, but increased reverse thrust. One aviation author wrote of the crash,", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [46, 73], "content_span": [74, 724]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072839-0013-0000", "contents": "1955 MacArthur Airport United Airlines crash, Investigation, Flight tests\n\"The flight tests showed conclusively that, at take-off configuration, a DC-6 becomes uncontrollable with an outboard engine at full power with its propeller in reverse pitch. Control is lost so quickly that there is little the crew can do at low altitude. In the case of this accident, it was doubtful if there would have been time for forward thrust to be restored before control was lost.\"", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [46, 73], "content_span": [74, 466]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072839-0014-0000", "contents": "1955 MacArthur Airport United Airlines crash, Investigation, Conclusions\nWhile the wreckage was being examined, investigators found that all four engines were producing thrust at the time of impact. There were only two ways that the propeller could be reversed during the take-off sequence. Investigators ruled out electrical malfunction since, after detailed examination of the engine hub, there was no evidence found of this happening. Therefore, it was concluded that the only way the propeller could have been reversed was through an unintentional crew action.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [46, 72], "content_span": [73, 564]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072839-0014-0001", "contents": "1955 MacArthur Airport United Airlines crash, Investigation, Conclusions\nAlthough there was no formal evidence that a simulated engine failure was being performed, statements submitted by witnesses suggested that it was likely this was the case. United Airlines procedure calls for No. 4 engine to be shut down in a simulated engine failure\u2014the same engine which was found at the crash site with its propellers reversed.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [46, 72], "content_span": [73, 420]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072839-0015-0000", "contents": "1955 MacArthur Airport United Airlines crash, Investigation, Conclusions\nThe investigation concluded the accident sequence began when the check pilot, while the aircraft was on the ground, retarded the throttle lever for No. 4 engine past the idle position, and therefore reversed the propellers of that engine. Once the airplane took off and started banking to the right, it would have been a natural reaction for one of the flight crew to increase power to No. 4 engine, thinking that by doing so the engine would start producing positive thrust and the aircraft could be recovered. However, since the metal flag was not raised, there was no electrical power to the rotating mechanisms\u2014and increasing power to No. 4 engine would only have created more reverse thrust.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [46, 72], "content_span": [73, 769]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072839-0016-0000", "contents": "1955 MacArthur Airport United Airlines crash, Investigation, Conclusions\nThe final accident report concluded there wasn't sufficient time for the crew to react, since the dive began suddenly while the plane was so close to the ground. \"Control will be lost so quickly that there is little, if anything, that the pilot can do if it occurs at low altitude,\" the report stated. \"He must recognize what is occurring, analyze it, and take action to unreverse in a very limited amount of time. It is doubtful that unreversing could have been accomplished in this instance before control was lost.\"", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [46, 72], "content_span": [73, 591]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072839-0017-0000", "contents": "1955 MacArthur Airport United Airlines crash, Investigation, Conclusions\nOn October 4, 1955, the CAB released the final accident report, which concluded the reversal of the propellers and subsequent increase in power of the No. 4 engine had caused the accident.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [46, 72], "content_span": [73, 261]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072839-0018-0000", "contents": "1955 MacArthur Airport United Airlines crash, Investigation, Conclusions\n\"The Board determines that the probable cause of this accident was unintentional movement of No. 4 throttle into the reverse range just before breaking ground, with the other three engines operating at high power output, which resulted in the aircraft very quickly becoming uncontrollable once airborne.\"", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [46, 72], "content_span": [73, 377]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072839-0019-0000", "contents": "1955 MacArthur Airport United Airlines crash, Aftermath, Technological advances\nFollowing the accident, the Civil Aeronautics Administration (CAA) issued an Airworthiness Directive ordering all DC-6 and DC-6B aircraft to be fitted with a sequence gate latch, known as a Martin bar. The device is a metal bar which a crew would manually swing in front of the thrust levers over the idle line, physically preventing the thrust levers from being retarded into the reverse position. According to the CAB report, a United Airlines engineer told investigators the Martin bar should make propeller reversal \"a more reliable and safer device [than the system fitted to Mainliner Idaho] ... with its numerous switches, relays, and automatic operation.\"", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [46, 79], "content_span": [80, 743]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072839-0020-0000", "contents": "1955 MacArthur Airport United Airlines crash, Aftermath, Technological advances\nUnited Airlines issued a statement saying it had begun installing the device on its fleet of DC-6 and DC-6B aircraft one week before the accident, having used it successfully in service on their fleet of Douglas DC-7 aircraft. A Martin bar had not yet been fitted on Mainliner Idaho. United Airlines also said a program had begun to install reverse thrust indicator lights on all their DC-6 and DC-6B aircraft. The signals, fitted in the cockpit of the aircraft, would have warned the flight crew that the thrust lever had been pulled back too far, and the propellers had been reversed.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [46, 79], "content_span": [80, 666]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072839-0021-0000", "contents": "1955 MacArthur Airport United Airlines crash, Aftermath, Similar accidents\nSince the crash, there have been several other accidents involving reverse thrust. A Douglas DC-8 operating United Airlines Flight 859 crashed in 1961 when the first officer attempted to reverse all four engines during the landing roll. The left engines remained in forward thrust, while the right engines went into reverse, causing the aircraft to veer rapidly to the right and collide with airport construction vehicles, killing 17 of the 122 people aboard and 1 person on the ground.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [46, 74], "content_span": [75, 561]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072839-0021-0001", "contents": "1955 MacArthur Airport United Airlines crash, Aftermath, Similar accidents\nJapan Airlines Flight 350, a DC-8, crashed in 1982 short of the runway in Tokyo, after the mentally ill captain attempted suicide during the final approach phase of the flight, by putting the inboard engines into reverse thrust. Of the 174 people aboard, 24 died. In 1991, Lauda Air Flight 004, operated by a Boeing 767, crashed after the left engine thrust reverser deployed in-flight for reasons that could not be determined. The crash of a TAM Airlines Fokker 100 in 1996 was attributed to the deployment of the thrust reverser on No. 2 engine. The aircraft rolled to the right and crashed in a populated area of S\u00e3o Paulo, Brazil.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [46, 74], "content_span": [75, 709]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072840-0000-0000", "contents": "1955 Madaba riot\nThe 1955 Madaba riot, sometimes also referred as the Madaba massacre took place in the predominantly Christians Jordanian town of Madaba, when a number of Christians were killed by Islamist rioters.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 16], "section_span": [16, 16], "content_span": [17, 215]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072840-0001-0000", "contents": "1955 Madaba riot\nThe riot seems to have begun in a dispute between Christian and Muslim taxi drivers, after which the Salt monastery was attacked by members of the Hizb ut-Tahrir, eventually transforming in into an all-out sectarian riot. It is claimed that the event was instigated by the Muslim Brotherhood and Hizb ut-Tahrir. It was also claimed that a Jordanian Parliament Member, Muhammad Salim Abu al-Ghanam, was behind the eruption of the riot.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 16], "section_span": [16, 16], "content_span": [17, 451]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072840-0002-0000", "contents": "1955 Madaba riot\nWide-scale anti-Hashemite riots took place the same year in December, lasting for five days. Those came as a result of an attempt to bring Jordan into the Baghdad Pact. The riots were severe \u2013 foreign consulates were attacked and many people were killed and wounded throughout the country. The riots were quelled only with the military intervention of the Arab Legion and imposition of a curfew. As a result of the riots, the Majali government fell and the introduction of Jordan into the pact was cancelled.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 16], "section_span": [16, 16], "content_span": [17, 525]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072841-0000-0000", "contents": "1955 Maine Black Bears football team\nThe 1955 Maine Black Bears football team was an American football team that represented the University of Maine as a member of the Yankee Conference during the 1955 college football season. In its fifth season under head coach Harold Westerman, the team compiled a 5\u20131\u20131 record (2\u20131\u20131 against conference opponents) and finished third out of the six teams in the Yankee Conference championship. The team played its home games at Alumni Field in Orono, Maine. James Duffy and John Small were the team captains.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [36, 36], "content_span": [37, 545]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072842-0000-0000", "contents": "1955 Major League Baseball All-Star Game\nThe 1955 Major League Baseball All-Star Game was the 22nd playing of the midsummer classic between the all-stars of the American League (AL) and National League (NL), the two leagues comprising Major League Baseball. The game was held on July 12, 1955, at Milwaukee County Stadium, the home of the Milwaukee Braves of the National League.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [40, 40], "content_span": [41, 379]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072842-0001-0000", "contents": "1955 Major League Baseball All-Star Game, Summary\nThe National League overcame a five-run deficit to defeat the American League, 6\u20135, in this edition of the midsummer classic. Stan Musial led off the bottom of the 12th inning by drilling a home run to deep right field on the first pitch from Frank Sullivan, pulling off one of the greatest victories in All-Star Game history.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [42, 49], "content_span": [50, 376]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072842-0002-0000", "contents": "1955 Major League Baseball All-Star Game, Summary\nThe National League began their comeback in the bottom of the seventh inning. Willie Mays led off the frame with a single off Whitey Ford, and after two outs, Hank Aaron walked and Johnny Logan singled to drive home Mays and make it a 5\u20131 game. Next batter Stan Lopata reached base on an error, and Aaron scored the second run off the inning before the third out was made.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [42, 49], "content_span": [50, 422]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072842-0003-0000", "contents": "1955 Major League Baseball All-Star Game, Summary\nWith two outs in the eight inning, Mays, Ted Kluszewski and Randy Jackson hit consecutive singles for a run, and Ford was replaced by Sullivan. Aaron greeted him with an RBI single scoring Kluszewski to knot the game at 5\u20135.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [42, 49], "content_span": [50, 274]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072842-0004-0000", "contents": "1955 Major League Baseball All-Star Game, Summary\nThe American League quickly took the lead in the top of the first inning when Harvey Kuenn and Nellie Fox hit consecutive singles against Robin Roberts, with Kuenn advancing to third base from first and later scoring on a wild pitch. Then Ted Williams walked and Mickey Mantle hit a three-run home run, before Roberts recorded his first out. In the sixth inning, Mickey Vernon grounded out to drive home Yogi Berra to give the American League a five-run cushion.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [42, 49], "content_span": [50, 512]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072842-0005-0000", "contents": "1955 Major League Baseball All-Star Game, Summary\nIn the ninth inning, Joe Nuxhall and Sullivan matched strikeouts as the All-Star Game went into extra innings for only the second time since 1950, which turned out to be the first year the game went more than nine innings.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [42, 49], "content_span": [50, 272]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072842-0006-0000", "contents": "1955 Major League Baseball All-Star Game, Summary\nThe contest remained tied until the 12th inning, when Gene Conley struck out all three AL batters he faced. Then came the walk-off by Musial, which was his fourth homer in All-Star games, breaking a tie with Ted Williams and Ralph Kiner.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [42, 49], "content_span": [50, 287]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072842-0007-0000", "contents": "1955 Major League Baseball All-Star Game, Summary\nIt was the fifth victory for the National League in the last six All-Star games, even though the American League still held a 13\u20139 overall advantage.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [42, 49], "content_span": [50, 199]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072842-0008-0000", "contents": "1955 Major League Baseball All-Star Game, Rosters\nPlayers in italics have since been inducted into the National Baseball Hall of Fame.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [42, 49], "content_span": [50, 134]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072843-0000-0000", "contents": "1955 Major League Baseball season\nThe 1955 Major League Baseball season was contested from April 11 to October 4, 1955. It featured 16 teams, eight in the National League and eight in the American League, with each team playing a 154-game schedule. In the World Series the Brooklyn Dodgers defeated the New York Yankees 4 games to 3.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [33, 33], "content_span": [34, 333]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072843-0001-0000", "contents": "1955 Major League Baseball season\nFor the third consecutive season, a franchise changed homes as the Philadelphia Athletics moved to Kansas City and played their home games at Municipal Stadium.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [33, 33], "content_span": [34, 194]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072844-0000-0000", "contents": "1955 Malayan general election\nGeneral elections were held in the Federation of Malaya on Wednesday, 27 July 1955, the only general election before independence in 1957. They were held to elect members of the Federal Legislative Council, whose members had previously been fully appointed by the British High Commissioner. Voting took place in all 52 federal constituencies, each electing one member. State elections also took place in all 136 state constituencies in nine states of Malaya and two settlements from 10 October 1954 to 12 November 1955, each electing one councillor to the State Council or Settlement Council.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [29, 29], "content_span": [30, 622]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072844-0001-0000", "contents": "1955 Malayan general election\nThe Pan-Malayan Islamic Party (PMIP) was formed primarily to contest in the 1955 elections. Previously the PMIP had been known as the \"Pan-Malayan Islamic Association\", as a part of the United Malays National Organisation (UMNO). PMIP won support by proclaiming its aim of making Islam the base of the Malay society in the north of Malay Peninsula, which was facing the lowest economic growth in Malaya.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [29, 29], "content_span": [30, 433]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072844-0002-0000", "contents": "1955 Malayan general election\nThe elections resulted in a decisive win for the Alliance Party, an alliance of the UMNO, the Malayan Chinese Association (MCA) and Malayan Indian Congress (MIC), and a resounding defeat for Parti Negara, led by former UMNO president Onn Jaafar. Onn himself failed to win a seat, while the Alliance proceeded to form the new government, with its leader Tunku Abdul Rahman becoming Chief Minister.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [29, 29], "content_span": [30, 426]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072844-0003-0000", "contents": "1955 Malayan general election\nThirty Alliance candidates had majorities of over 10,000 votes. Nine of them had majorities of over 20,000. Forty-three of their opponents lost their deposits.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [29, 29], "content_span": [30, 189]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072844-0004-0000", "contents": "1955 Malayan general election, Results\nThe Alliance Party won around 80% of the total vote and 51 out of 52 seats contested. PMIP won their only seat in Krian, Perak. Its sole winning candidate, Haji Ahmad Tuan Hussein, an Islamic scholar, was subsequently nicknamed \"Mr. Opposition\". Voter turnout was 82.8%.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 38], "content_span": [39, 309]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072845-0000-0000", "contents": "1955 Malayan local elections\nLocal elections were held in the Federation of Malaya in 1955.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [28, 28], "content_span": [29, 91]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072846-0000-0000", "contents": "1955 Malayan state elections\nState council elections were held in Malaya from 27 September to 12 November 1955 in all states except Trengganu and Johore.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [28, 28], "content_span": [29, 153]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072847-0000-0000", "contents": "1955 Maltese general election\nGeneral elections were held in Malta between 26 and 28 February 1955. The Malta Labour Party remained the largest party, winning 23 of the 40 seats.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [29, 29], "content_span": [30, 178]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072847-0001-0000", "contents": "1955 Maltese general election, Electoral system\nThe elections were held using the single transferable vote system.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 47], "content_span": [48, 114]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072848-0000-0000", "contents": "1955 Marquette Warriors football team\nThe 1955 Marquette Warriors football team was an American football team that represented Marquette University as an independent during the 1955 college football season. In its second and final season under head coach Frosty Ferzacca, the team compiled a 2\u20136\u20131 record and was outscored by a total of 194 to 77. The team played its home games at Marquette Stadium in Milwaukee.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [37, 37], "content_span": [38, 413]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072849-0000-0000", "contents": "1955 Marshall Thundering Herd football team\nThe 1955 Marshall Thundering Herd football team was an American football team that represented Marshall University in the Mid-American Conference (MAC) during the 1955 college football season. In its third season under head coach Herb Royer, the team compiled a 3\u20136 record (1\u20135 against conference opponents) and was outscored by a total of 192 to 159. Henry Hinte and Albie Maier were the team captains. The team played its home games at Fairfield Stadium in Huntington, West Virginia.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 43], "section_span": [43, 43], "content_span": [44, 529]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072850-0000-0000", "contents": "1955 Maryland State Hawks football team\nThe 1955 Maryland State Hawks football team was an American football team that represented Maryland State College (now known as University of Maryland Eastern Shore) in the Central Intercollegiate Athletic Association (CIAA) during the 1955 college football season. In their eighth season under head coach Vernon McCain, the team compiled a 9\u20130 record (7\u20130 against conference opponents), won the CIAA championship, and shut out seven of nine opponents.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [39, 39], "content_span": [40, 492]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072850-0001-0000", "contents": "1955 Maryland State Hawks football team\nAt the end of the season, the team was ranked No. 2 among the nation's black college football teams by the Pittsburgh Courier. Maryland State earned a 23.55 rating, three points behind No. 1 Grambling (26.42) due to the fact that Grambling had played a tenth game.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [39, 39], "content_span": [40, 304]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072850-0002-0000", "contents": "1955 Maryland State Hawks football team\nKey players included sophomore back Johnny Sample who went on to play 11 seasons in the National Football League and American Football League.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [39, 39], "content_span": [40, 182]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072850-0003-0000", "contents": "1955 Maryland State Hawks football team, After the season\nThe 1956 NFL Draft was held on January 17\u201318, 1956. The following Hawks were selected.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 57], "content_span": [58, 144]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072851-0000-0000", "contents": "1955 Maryland Terrapins football team\nThe 1955 Maryland Terrapins football team represented the University of Maryland, College Park in the 1955 college football season as a member of the Atlantic Coast Conference (ACC). Their perfect 10\u20130 regular season culminated with a bid to the 1956 Orange Bowl, where they faced top-ranked Oklahoma. Maryland lost, 6\u201320. Maryland's 25-12 victory over Clemson on November 12 was referenced in the 1989 film Back to the Future Part II, which primarily took place on the same day.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [37, 37], "content_span": [38, 517]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072852-0000-0000", "contents": "1955 Masters Tournament\nThe 1955 Masters Tournament was the 19th Masters Tournament, held April 7\u201310 at Augusta National Golf Club in Augusta, Georgia. It was the last one before CBS began televising the tournament the following year.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [23, 23], "content_span": [24, 234]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072852-0001-0000", "contents": "1955 Masters Tournament\nCary Middlecoff shot a 65 in the second round, including a then-record 31 on the first nine, to win his only Masters, seven strokes ahead of runner-up Ben Hogan, and the second of his three major championships.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [23, 23], "content_span": [24, 234]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072852-0002-0000", "contents": "1955 Masters Tournament\nAfter a third round at even-par 72, Middlecoff entered the final round with a four shot lead over  Hogan, the champion in 1951 and 1953. The victory margin of seven strokes was a tournament record for ten years, until Jack Nicklaus won by nine strokes over Arnold Palmer and Gary Player in 1965, later increased to twelve in 1997 by Tiger Woods. The previous record was five strokes, set in 1948 by Claude Harmon and tied by Hogan in 1953. The runner-up finish was Hogan's fourth at the Masters.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [23, 23], "content_span": [24, 519]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072852-0003-0000", "contents": "1955 Masters Tournament\nArnold Palmer, a professional for less than a year, finished tied for tenth in his first Masters.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [23, 23], "content_span": [24, 121]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072852-0004-0000", "contents": "1955 Masters Tournament\nThe Sarazen Bridge, approaching the left side of the 15th green, was dedicated on Wednesday to commemorate the 20th anniversary of Gene Sarazen's double eagle in 1935. Included was a contest to duplicate the 232-yard (212\u00a0m) shot, with the closest by Fred Haas at 4\u00a0feet 1\u00a0inch (1.24\u00a0m) away.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [23, 23], "content_span": [24, 316]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072852-0005-0000", "contents": "1955 Masters Tournament, Course\n^ Holes 1, 2, 4, 11, and 14 were later renamed.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 31], "content_span": [32, 79]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072852-0006-0000", "contents": "1955 Masters Tournament, Field\nClaude Harmon (10), Ben Hogan (2,4,6,9,10), Herman Keiser, Byron Nelson (2,6,9), Henry Picard (6), Gene Sarazen (2,4,6), Horton Smith, Sam Snead (4,6,9,10,12), Craig Wood (2)", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 30], "content_span": [31, 205]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072852-0007-0000", "contents": "1955 Masters Tournament, Field\nJulius Boros (9,10), Billy Burke, Johnny Farrell, Ed Furgol (10), Lawson Little (3,5), Tony Manero, Lloyd Mangrum (9,10), Fred McLeod, Cary Middlecoff (9,10,12), Sam Parks Jr., Lew Worsham (9,10)", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 30], "content_span": [31, 226]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072852-0008-0000", "contents": "1955 Masters Tournament, Field\nTed Bishop (a), Dick Chapman (5,9,10,a), Charles Coe (9,a), Gene Littler (9,10), Billy Maxwell, Arnold Palmer (11), Skee Riegel (9), Jess Sweetser (5,a), Bud Ward", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 30], "content_span": [31, 193]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072852-0009-0000", "contents": "1955 Masters Tournament, Field\nWalter Burkemo (9,12), Vic Ghezzi, Chick Harbert (9,12), Chandler Harper, Johnny Revolta, Jim Turnesa", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 30], "content_span": [31, 132]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072852-0010-0000", "contents": "1955 Masters Tournament, Field\nRex Baxter (a), William C. Campbell (10,a), Don Cherry (11,a), Joe Conrad (a), Bruce Cudd (a), Jimmy Jackson (a), Ed Meister (11,a), Dale Morey (11,a), Billy Joe Patton (9,10,a), Hillman Robbins (a)", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 30], "content_span": [31, 229]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072852-0011-0000", "contents": "1955 Masters Tournament, Field\nJerry Barber (12), Al Besselink, Tommy Bolt (10,12), Jack Burke Jr. (10), Pete Cooper, Marty Furgol (10), Jay Hebert (10), Ed Oliver, Bob Rosburg, Earl Stewart, Bob Toski (10)", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 30], "content_span": [31, 206]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072852-0012-0000", "contents": "1955 Masters Tournament, Field\nMax Evans, Leland Gibson, Fred Haas, Dick Mayer, Shelley Mayfield (12), Al Mengert, Johnny Weitzel", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 30], "content_span": [31, 129]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072852-0013-0000", "contents": "1955 Masters Tournament, Field\nPat Fletcher, Rudy Horvath (10), Stan Leonard, Peter Thomson (4,9)", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 30], "content_span": [31, 97]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072853-0000-0000", "contents": "1955 McMath\n1955 McMath, provisional designation 1963 SR, is a stony Koronis asteroid from the outer region of the asteroid belt, approximately 10 kilometers in diameter.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 11], "section_span": [11, 11], "content_span": [12, 170]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072853-0001-0000", "contents": "1955 McMath\nIt was discovered on 22 September 1963, by Indiana University's Indiana Asteroid Program at its Goethe Link Observatory near Brooklyn, Indiana, United States. It was later named after solar astronomer Robert Raynolds McMath.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 11], "section_span": [11, 11], "content_span": [12, 236]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072853-0002-0000", "contents": "1955 McMath, Orbit and classification\nMcMath is a stony S-type asteroid and a member of the Koronis family, which is named after 158\u00a0Koronis and consists of about 300 known bodies. It orbits the Sun in the outer main-belt at a distance of 2.7\u20133.0\u00a0AU once every 4 years and 10 months (1,762 days). Its orbit has an eccentricity of 0.06 and an inclination of 1\u00b0 with respect to the ecliptic. The first precovery was taken at Goethe Link Observatory in 1949, extending the asteroid's observation arc by 15 years prior to its discovery. The first (unused) observation at Uccle Observatory dates back to 1936.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 11], "section_span": [13, 37], "content_span": [38, 604]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072853-0003-0000", "contents": "1955 McMath, Physical characteristics, Rotation period\nIt has a well determined rotation period of 5.574\u00b10.002 hours with a brightness amplitude of 0.30 in magnitude (U=3). Between 2011 and 2013, three additional lightcurves with concurring periods of McMath with an amplitude between 0.32 and 0.39 magnitude were obtained through photometric observations in the R- and S-band at the U.S. Palomar Transient Factory in California (U=2/3-/2).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 11], "section_span": [13, 54], "content_span": [55, 440]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072853-0004-0000", "contents": "1955 McMath, Physical characteristics, Diameter and albedo\nAccording to the survey carried out by the NEOWISE mission of NASA's Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer, McMath measures 9.8 kilometers in diameter and its surface has a high albedo of 0.32, while the Collaborative Asteroid Lightcurve Link assumes a standard albedo for stony members of the Koronis family of 0.24, and calculates a diameter of 10.3 kilometers.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 11], "section_span": [13, 58], "content_span": [59, 420]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072853-0005-0000", "contents": "1955 McMath, Naming\nThis minor planet was named after American solar astronomer Robert Raynolds McMath (1891\u20131962), who was also a bridge engineer and businessman. He was a co-donor and the director of the McMath-Hulbert Observatory in Lake Angelus, Michigan, which was deeded to the University of Michigan. Under his advice, the NSF chose the site at Kitt Peak National Observatory for the McMath-Pierce Solar Telescope.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 11], "section_span": [13, 19], "content_span": [20, 421]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072853-0006-0000", "contents": "1955 McMath, Naming\nFrom the late 1950s, Robert McMath served as the first president of Association of Universities for Research in Astronomy and thereafter as its chairman. The lunar crater McMath is also named in his and his father's honour. The approved naming citation was published by the Minor Planet Center on 1 March 1981 (M.P.C. 5848).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 11], "section_span": [13, 19], "content_span": [20, 344]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072854-0000-0000", "contents": "1955 Meath Intermediate Football Championship\nThe 1955 Meath Intermediate Football Championship is the 29th edition of the Meath GAA's premier club Gaelic football tournament for intermediate graded teams in County Meath, Ireland. The tournament consists of 12 teams. The championship format consists of a group stage before progressing to a knock-out stage.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 45], "section_span": [45, 45], "content_span": [46, 358]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072854-0001-0000", "contents": "1955 Meath Intermediate Football Championship\nDunshaughlin, Oldcastle, St. Patrick's and Summerhill were regraded from the 1954 S.F.C.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 45], "section_span": [45, 45], "content_span": [46, 134]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072854-0002-0000", "contents": "1955 Meath Intermediate Football Championship\nAt the end of the season Donore, Enfield, Oldcastle and St. Patrick's applied to be regraded to the 1956 J.A.F.C.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 45], "section_span": [45, 45], "content_span": [46, 159]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072854-0003-0000", "contents": "1955 Meath Intermediate Football Championship\nOn 23 October 1955, Duleek claimed their 2nd Intermediate championship title when they defeated Slane 1-9 to 2-4 in the final at Pairc Tailteann. This was the first game to be played at the newly renovated pitch along with the S.F.C. final.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 45], "section_span": [45, 45], "content_span": [46, 286]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072854-0004-0000", "contents": "1955 Meath Intermediate Football Championship, Team changes\nThe following teams have changed division since the 1954 championship season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 45], "section_span": [47, 59], "content_span": [60, 137]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072854-0005-0000", "contents": "1955 Meath Intermediate Football Championship, Group stage\nThere are 2 groups called Group A and B. The top finisher in each group will qualify for the Final. Many results were unavailable in the Meath Chronicle.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 45], "section_span": [47, 58], "content_span": [59, 212]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072855-0000-0000", "contents": "1955 Meath Senior Football Championship\nThe 1955 Meath Senior Football Championship is the 63rd edition of the Meath GAA's premier club Gaelic football tournament for senior graded teams in County Meath, Ireland. The tournament consists of 11 teams. The championship employs a group stage followed by a final between the group winners.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [39, 39], "content_span": [40, 335]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072855-0001-0000", "contents": "1955 Meath Senior Football Championship\nThis season saw Ballinlough's debut in the top flight after claiming the 1954 Meath Intermediate Football Championship title. Fordstown also made their debut in the grade after claiming the 1954 J.F.C. title.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [39, 39], "content_span": [40, 248]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072855-0002-0000", "contents": "1955 Meath Senior Football Championship\nSkryne were the defending champions after they defeated Kells Harps in the previous years final, however they lost their crown by failing to progress past the group stages.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [39, 39], "content_span": [40, 212]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072855-0003-0000", "contents": "1955 Meath Senior Football Championship\nSt. Vincent's claimed their 1st S.F.C. title by defeating Kells Harps in the final at Pairc Tailteann by 1-12 to 2-3 on 23 October 1955. Kevin Mooney raised the Keegan Cup for the Dublin border side. This was the first match to be played in a renovated Pairc Tailteann.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [39, 39], "content_span": [40, 309]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072855-0004-0000", "contents": "1955 Meath Senior Football Championship\nAt the end of the season, newly promoted side Fordstown were regraded to the 1956 I.F.C.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [39, 39], "content_span": [40, 128]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072855-0005-0000", "contents": "1955 Meath Senior Football Championship, Team Changes\nThe following teams have changed division since the 1954 championship season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 53], "content_span": [54, 131]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072856-0000-0000", "contents": "1955 Mediterranean Games\nThe II Mediterranean Games \u2013 Barcelona 1955, commonly known as the 1955 Mediterranean Games, were the 2nd Mediterranean Games. The Games were held in Barcelona, Spain over 10 days, from 15 to 25 July 1955, where 1,135 athletes (all men) from 10 countries participated. There were a total of 102 medal events from 19 different sports. In the medals table France was first on the podium, Italy second and Egypt came third.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [24, 24], "content_span": [25, 445]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072856-0001-0000", "contents": "1955 Mediterranean Games\nThis second edition were held in the Olympic Stadium and Palace of Sport of Barcelona. The stadium was built in 1929 and was especially renovated for the occasion. The symbol of an amphora filled with Mediterranean Sea water was then used for the first time.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [24, 24], "content_span": [25, 283]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072856-0002-0000", "contents": "1955 Mediterranean Games, Participating Nations\nThe following is a list of nations that participated in the 1955 Mediterranean Games:", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 47], "content_span": [48, 133]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072856-0003-0000", "contents": "1955 Mediterranean Games, Sports\nThe second Mediterranean Games sports program featured 19 sports encompassing 102 men-only events. The number in parentheses next to the sport is the number of medal events per sport.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 32], "content_span": [33, 216]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072856-0004-0000", "contents": "1955 Mediterranean Games, Medal table\nThe rankings sort by the number of gold medals earned by a country. The number of silvers is taken into consideration next and then the number of bronze. Equal ranking is given and they are listed alphabetically if after the above, countries are still tied. This follows the system used by the IOC, and IAAF.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 37], "content_span": [38, 346]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072857-0000-0000", "contents": "1955 Meistaradeildin\n1955 Meistaradeildin was the 13th season of top-tier football on the Faroe Islands.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [20, 20], "content_span": [21, 104]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072858-0000-0000", "contents": "1955 Memorial Cup\nThe 1955 Memorial Cup final was the 37th junior ice hockey championship of the Canadian Amateur Hockey Association. The George Richardson Memorial Trophy champions Toronto Marlboros of the Ontario Hockey Association in Eastern Canada competed against the Abbott Cup champions Regina Pats of the Western Canada Junior Hockey League in Western Canada. In a best-of-seven series, held at Regina Exhibition Stadium in Regina, Saskatchewan, Toronto won their 2nd Memorial Cup, and first since 1929 by defeating Regina 4 games to 1.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [17, 17], "content_span": [18, 544]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072858-0001-0000", "contents": "1955 Memorial Cup, Winning roster\nJohn Albani, Gary Aldcorn, Bobby Baun, Ron Casey, Gary Collins, Glenn Cressman, Bob Dodds, Ken Girard, Billy Harris, Gerry James, Ron Kendall, Bill Kennedy, Al MacNeil, Mike Nykoluk, Gord Onotsky, Bob Pulford, Jake Smola, Ross Sneddon. Coach: Turk Broda", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 33], "content_span": [34, 287]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072859-0000-0000", "contents": "1955 Memphis State Tigers football team\nThe 1955 Memphis State Tigers football team was an American football team that represented Memphis State College (now known as the University of Memphis) as an independent during the 1955 college football season. In their ninth season under head coach Ralph Hatley, Memphis State compiled a 2\u20137 record.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [39, 39], "content_span": [40, 342]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072860-0000-0000", "contents": "1955 Men's British Open Squash Championship\nThe 1955 Open Championship was held at the Lansdowne Club in London from 23 March - 28 March. Hashim Khan won his fifth consecutive title defeating his younger brother Azam Khan in a repeat of the 1954 final. Hashim Khan equalled the record number of five wins set by F.D. Amr Bey", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 43], "section_span": [43, 43], "content_span": [44, 324]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072861-0000-0000", "contents": "1955 Men's European Volleyball Championship\nThe 1955 Men's European Volleyball Championship, the fourth edition of the event, was organized by Europe's governing volleyball body, the Conf\u00e9d\u00e9ration Europ\u00e9enne de Volleyball. It was hosted in Bucharest, Romania from June 15 to June 25, 1955.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 43], "section_span": [43, 43], "content_span": [44, 289]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072862-0000-0000", "contents": "1955 Mestaruussarja\nThe 1955 season was the twenty-fifth completed season of Finnish Football League Championship, known as the Mestaruussarja.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [19, 19], "content_span": [20, 143]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072862-0001-0000", "contents": "1955 Mestaruussarja, Overview\nThe Mestaruussarja was administered by the Finnish Football Association and the competition's 1955 season was contested by 10 teams. KIF Helsinki won the championship and the two lowest placed teams of the competition, TuTo Turku and KoRe Kotka, were relegated to the Suomensarja.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [21, 29], "content_span": [30, 310]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072863-0000-0000", "contents": "1955 Mexican legislative election\nLegislative elections were held in Mexico on 4 July 1955. The Institutional Revolutionary Party won 153 of the 162 seats in the Chamber of Deputies.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [33, 33], "content_span": [34, 182]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072864-0000-0000", "contents": "1955 Miami Hurricanes football team\nThe 1955 Miami Hurricanes football team represented the University of Miami as an independent during the 1955 college football season. Led by eighth-year head coach Andy Gustafson, the Hurricanes played their home games at Burdine Stadium in Miami, Florida. Miami finished the season 6\u20133.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [35, 35], "content_span": [36, 324]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072865-0000-0000", "contents": "1955 Miami Redskins football team\nThe 1955 Miami Redskins football team was an American football team that represented Miami University in the Mid-American Conference (MAC) during the 1955 college football season. In their fifth and final season under head coach Ara Parseghian, the Redskins compiled a perfect 9\u20130 record (5\u20130 against MAC opponents), won the MAC championshipn, and outscored opponents by a combined total of 226 to 47. The defense led the way for the 1955 Miami team, allowing an average of 5.2 points per game, which remains a Miami school record. Bo Schembechler was an assistant coach on the team.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [33, 33], "content_span": [34, 617]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072865-0001-0000", "contents": "1955 Miami Redskins football team\nDick Mattern was the team captain. The team's statistical leaders included Tirrel Burton with 722 yards, Tom Dimitroff with 579 passing yards, and Presby Bliss with 218 receiving yards. Burton averaged 8.8 yards per carry, which remains a Miami school record. Burton also led the 1955 Miami team in scoring (84 points), pass interceptions (four), and punt returns (14 for 216 yards).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [33, 33], "content_span": [34, 417]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072866-0000-0000", "contents": "1955 Michigan State Normal Hurons football team\nThe 1955 Michigan State Normal Hurons football team represented Michigan State Normal College (renamed Eastern Michigan College in 1956) in the Interstate Intercollegiate Athletic Conference (IIAC) during the 1955 college football season. In their fourth season under head coach Fred Trosko, the Hurons compiled a 7\u20132 record (3\u20133 against IIAC opponents), tied with Central Michigan for the IIAC championship, and outscored their opponents, 138 to 70. Barry C. Basel was the team captain. The team's statistical leaders included Tom McCormick with 461 rushing yards and the same number of yards of total offense and Virgil Windom with seven touchdowns for 42 points. Virgil Windom received the team's most valuable player award.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 47], "section_span": [47, 47], "content_span": [48, 775]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072867-0000-0000", "contents": "1955 Michigan State Spartans football team\nThe 1955 Michigan State Spartans football team represented Michigan State University in the 1955 Big Ten Conference football season. In their third season in Big Ten play and their second season under head coach Duffy Daugherty, the Spartans compiled a 9\u20131 overall record (5\u20131 against Big Ten opponents) and were ranked No. 2 behind Oklahoma in the final AP Poll. Michigan State was named national champion by Boand, an NCAA-designated major selector.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 42], "section_span": [42, 42], "content_span": [43, 494]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072867-0001-0000", "contents": "1955 Michigan State Spartans football team\nThree Michigan State players were selected by the AP as first-team players on the 1955 All-Big Ten Conference football team: quarterback Earl Morrall, tackle Norm Masters, and guard Carl Nystrom. Halfback Jerry Planutis was selected for the second team.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 42], "section_span": [42, 42], "content_span": [43, 296]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072867-0002-0000", "contents": "1955 Michigan State Spartans football team\nThe 1955 Spartans won two of their three annual rivalry games. In the annual Indiana\u2013Michigan State football rivalry game, the Spartans defeated the Hoosiers by a 20\u201313 score. In the Notre Dame rivalry game, the Spartans defeated the Fighting Irish by a 21\u201314 score. And, in the annual Michigan\u2013Michigan State football rivalry game, the Spartans suffered their only loss, losing to the Wolverines by a 14\u20137 score.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 42], "section_span": [42, 42], "content_span": [43, 456]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072867-0003-0000", "contents": "1955 Michigan State Spartans football team\nIn non-conference play, the Spartans also defeated Stanford, 38\u201314, and defeated UCLA, 17\u201314, in the 1956 Rose Bowl.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 42], "section_span": [42, 42], "content_span": [43, 159]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072868-0000-0000", "contents": "1955 Michigan Wolverines football team\nThe 1955 Michigan Wolverines football team was an American football team that represented the University of Michigan in the 1955 Big Ten Conference football season. In their eighth season under head coach Bennie Oosterbaan, the Wolverines finished in third place in the Big Ten Conference, compiled a 7\u20132 record (5\u20132 against Big Ten opponents), and were ranked No. 12 and No. 13 in the final AP and UPI Polls.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [38, 38], "content_span": [39, 448]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072868-0001-0000", "contents": "1955 Michigan Wolverines football team\nIn the second week of the season, the Wolverines defeated Michigan State, 14\u20137. The game was the only loss of the season for Michigan State which was ranked No. 2 in the final AP and UPI polls. The Wolverines were ranked No. 2 in the country after defeating the Spartans and rose to No. 1 after defeating the No. 6 ranked Army football team by a 26\u20132 score the following week.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [38, 38], "content_span": [39, 415]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072868-0001-0001", "contents": "1955 Michigan Wolverines football team\nIn late October 1955, quarterback Jim Maddock threw touchdown passes of 65 and 60 yard in the fourth quarter to lead a come-from-behind victory over Iowa in a nationally televised game. After starting the season 6-0, the team lost to Illinois on November 5, 1955. In the final game of the season, the Wolverines were favored but lost to Ohio State on November 19.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [38, 38], "content_span": [39, 402]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072868-0002-0000", "contents": "1955 Michigan Wolverines football team\nLeft end Ron Kramer was a consensus first-team All-American. Kramer and right end Tom Maentz were nicknamed the \"touchdown twins,\" became the first Michigan football players to appear on the cover of Sports Illustrated, and were both first-team selections for the All-Big Ten team. Left halfback Terry Barr was selected as the team's most valuable player. The team's statistical leaders were Tony Branoff with 387 rushing yards, Jim Maddock with 343 passing yards, and Tom Maentz with 253 receiving yards.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [38, 38], "content_span": [39, 544]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072868-0003-0000", "contents": "1955 Michigan Wolverines football team, Season summary, Preseason\nThe 1954 Michigan Wolverines football team compiled a 6\u20133 record (5\u20132 Big Ten), finished in third place in the conference, and was ranked No. 15 in the final AP and UP polls. At the end of the 1954 season, right guard Ed Meads, a junior from Oxford, Michigan, was selected by his teammates to be captain of the 1955 team.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 65], "content_span": [66, 387]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072868-0004-0000", "contents": "1955 Michigan Wolverines football team, Season summary, Preseason\nIn May 1955, freshman quarterback Jim Van Pelt received the team's Meyer W. Morton trophy as the most improved player in spring practice.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 65], "content_span": [66, 203]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072868-0005-0000", "contents": "1955 Michigan Wolverines football team, Season summary, Missouri\nOn September 23, Michigan opened its season with a 42\u20137 victory over Don Faurot's Missouri Tigers. The game was played before a crowd of 55,608 at Michigan Stadium. Left end Ron Kramer scored 23 points for Michigan on three touchdowns and five extra points. The Wolverines out-gained the Tigers by 318 yards (164 rushing, 154 passing) to 115 yards (48 rushing, 67 passing).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 64], "content_span": [65, 438]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072868-0006-0000", "contents": "1955 Michigan Wolverines football team, Season summary, Michigan State\nOn October 1, Michigan defeated Michigan State, 14\u20137, before a crowd of 97,239 at Michigan Stadium. Michigan's first touchdown was set up when Michigan halfback Tony Branoff intercepted the first pass thrown by Michigan State quarterback Earl Morrall. Branoff returned the ball 38 yards to the Spartans' 20-yard line and scored the touchdown six plays later on a short run.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 70], "content_span": [71, 444]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072868-0007-0000", "contents": "1955 Michigan Wolverines football team, Season summary, Michigan State\nAfter a poor 24-yard punt by Ron Kramer, Michigan State tied the game in the third quarter on a short run and extra-point kick by fullback Jerry Planutis. Later in the third quarter, John Morrow blocked an Earl Morrall punt, and Michigan took over at the Spartans' 21-yard line. Quarterback Jim Maddock scored on a short run, and Kramer kicked the extra point to give Michigan a 14\u20137 lead. The Spartans out-gained the Wolverines by totals of 215 yards to 151 yards and had twice as many first downs.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 70], "content_span": [71, 570]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072868-0008-0000", "contents": "1955 Michigan Wolverines football team, Season summary, Army\nOn October 8, Michigan (ranked No. 2) defeated Army (ranked No. 6) by a score of 26\u20132 before a crowd of 97,239 at Michigan Stadium. Junior halfback Terry Barr led Michigan's offense and also scored on an 82-yard punt return in the second quarter. Army had scored 116 points in its first two games, but stalled against the Wolverines. The Cadets fumbled the ball nine times with Michigan recovering on eight. Adding to Army's offensive woes, the Cadets completed only one of 10 passes. It was Michigan's first victory against Army after five prior losses. It was also the worst defeat for an Army football team since 1952.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 60], "content_span": [61, 682]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072868-0009-0000", "contents": "1955 Michigan Wolverines football team, Season summary, Army\nMichigan end Ron Kramer sustained a bruised chest in the second quarter, collapsed in the tunnel, and was rushed to University Hospital in an ambulance.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 60], "content_span": [61, 213]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072868-0010-0000", "contents": "1955 Michigan Wolverines football team, Season summary, Army\nThe game was also marked by a halftime incident when Secretary of the Army Wilber M. Brucker and top military brass attempted to cross the field and became tangled with the Michigan Marching Band. The Michigan Daily reported that the band was supposed to wait for the military contingent to cross the field, but Michigan band director William Revelli said he had not been informed of the trip.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 60], "content_span": [61, 454]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072868-0011-0000", "contents": "1955 Michigan Wolverines football team, Season summary, Northwestern\nOn October 15, Michigan defeated Lou Saban's Northwestern Wildcats, 14\u20132, before a crowd of 76,703 at Michigan Stadium. Terry Barr's 46-yard touchdown run was the highlight for Michigan. In a defensive struggle, Northwestern out-gained Michigan by 173 yards (128 rushing, 45 passing) to 168 yards (150 rushing, 18 passing). It was the third consecutive week in which the Wolverines won despite being out-gained. The Wolverines converted only six first downs and completed only two of seven passes and threw an interception. Tommy Devine of the Detroit Free Press wrote that the Wolverines won despite being \"flat, feeble and uninspired.\"", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 68], "content_span": [69, 706]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072868-0012-0000", "contents": "1955 Michigan Wolverines football team, Season summary, Minnesota\nOn October 22, Michigan (ranked No. 1) defeated Murray Warmath's Minnesota Golden Gophers by a 14\u201313 score in the annual Little Brown Jug game before a crowd of 64,434 at Memorial Stadium in Minneapolis. Minnesota took a 13\u20130 lead with two touchdowns in the first quarter. Terry Barr closed the gap with a five-yard touchdown run near the end of the second quarter. Michigan took the lead in the third quarter on a nine-yard touchdown pass from Jim Van Pelt to Tom Maentz. Michigan dropped to No. 3 in the AP poll after the game.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 65], "content_span": [66, 595]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072868-0013-0000", "contents": "1955 Michigan Wolverines football team, Season summary, Iowa\nOn October 29, Michigan defeated Forest Evashevski's Iowa Hawkeyes by a score of 33\u201321 before a homecoming crowd of 72,096 and a national television audience at Michigan Stadium. Iowa took a 14\u20130 lead at halftime and 21\u201313 at the start of the fourth quarter.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 60], "content_span": [61, 319]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072868-0014-0000", "contents": "1955 Michigan Wolverines football team, Season summary, Iowa\nQuarterback Jim Maddock came into the game in the fourth quarter and led the Wolverines to three touchdowns. On Maddock's first drive, Michigan was backed up to its 35-yard line after a sack. Maddock then threw a long pass to Ron Kramer; Kramer caught the ball at Iowa's 38-yard line and managed to stay in bounds as he ran along the sideline for a 65-yard touchdown. Kramer then kicked the extra point to bring the Wolverines within one point (21\u201320) with 8:50 remaining.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 60], "content_span": [61, 533]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072868-0015-0000", "contents": "1955 Michigan Wolverines football team, Season summary, Iowa\nAfter Kramer's touchdown, Iowa drove to Michigan's 28-yard line with a time-consuming ground attack. On fourth-and-one, Michigan's defense stopped Iowa's Jerry Reichow for a one-yard loss. Michigan took over with 3:37 remaining. After a pass interference penalty moved the ball to Michigan's 40-yard line, Maddock threw a long pass to Tom Maentz; Maentz caught the pass at the Iowa 25-yard line and ran into the end zone untouched. Kramer again kicked the extra point, and Michigan led, 26\u201321, with 3:24 remaining.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 60], "content_span": [61, 575]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072868-0016-0000", "contents": "1955 Michigan Wolverines football team, Season summary, Iowa\nAfter the Maentz touchdown, Iowa threw four incomplete passes, and Michigan then took over with two-and-a-half minutes remaining. Tony Branoff ran 30 yards for Michigan's final touchdown. Kramer's kick was blocked, and Michigan won by a 33\u201321 score. The Michigan Daily described it as \"perhaps the most thrilling game ever to be played in the Michigan Stadium.\" The Detroit Free Press called it \"one of the greatest comebacks of this, or any, football season.\" The victory was Michigan's sixth straight.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 60], "content_span": [61, 564]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072868-0017-0000", "contents": "1955 Michigan Wolverines football team, Season summary, Illinois\nOn November 5, Michigan (ranked No. 3) lost to Illinois by a 25\u20136 score before a crowd of 58,968 at Memorial Stadium in Champaign, Illinois. The game was tied, 6\u20136, at halftime, but the Illini scored three unanswered touchdowns in the second half. Sophomore halfback Bobby Mitchell gained 173 yards, including runs of 54 and 64 yards, on 10 carries for Illinois. After the loss, Michigan dropped to No. 7 in the AP poll.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 64], "content_span": [65, 485]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072868-0018-0000", "contents": "1955 Michigan Wolverines football team, Season summary, Indiana\nOn November 12, Michigan defeated Indiana, 30\u20130, before a crowd of 60,613 at Michigan Stadium. Michigan's defense held the Hoosiers to minus 26 rushing yards in the first half and 61 yards of total offense in the game. On offense, Michigan totaled 302 rushing yards and 71 passing yards.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 63], "content_span": [64, 351]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072868-0019-0000", "contents": "1955 Michigan Wolverines football team, Season summary, Ohio State\nOn November 19, Michigan (ranked No. 6) lost to Ohio State (No. 9) by a 17\u20130 score before a record crowd of 97,369 at Michigan Stadium. Heisman Trophy winner Howard \"Hopalong\" Cassady, playing in his final game for the Buckeyes, rushed for 146 yards on 28 carries. The Buckeyes out-gained the Wolverines by 333 rushing yards to 95. Neither team tallied significant yardage in the air: Michigan completed three of nine passes for 14 yards and gave up two interceptions; Ohio State completed one of three passes for four yards. A Michigan victory would have given the Wolverines a conference championship and sent the team to the 1956 Rose Bowl. Instead, Ohio State won the conference championship, and Michigan State received the conference's Rose Bowl invitation.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 66], "content_span": [67, 830]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072868-0020-0000", "contents": "1955 Michigan Wolverines football team, Season summary, Ohio State\nIt was the Buckeyes' first victory at Michigan Stadium since 1937. The Michigan Daily called it \"one of the darkest days in Michigan football history.\" At the end of the game, \"18,000 fanatical Buckeye rooters . . . swept to the field in a thunderous display of hysteria.\"", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 66], "content_span": [67, 339]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072868-0021-0000", "contents": "1955 Michigan Wolverines football team, Season summary, Postseason\nIn the final AP Poll, Michigan was ranked No. 12. Michigan State was ranked No. 2, and Ohio State No. 5.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 66], "content_span": [67, 171]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072868-0022-0000", "contents": "1955 Michigan Wolverines football team, Season summary, Postseason\nAt a meeting of the team's lettermen held on November 28, left halfback Terry Barr was selected by as the team's most valuable player. At the same meeting, right end Tom Maentz was selected as captain of the 1956 team.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 66], "content_span": [67, 285]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072868-0023-0000", "contents": "1955 Michigan Wolverines football team, Season summary, Postseason\nEnd Tom Maentz also received multiple post-season honors including a second-team All-America designation from the AP, and a first-team All-Big Ten honors from the AP and UP, and first-team All-Midwest honors from the UP.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 66], "content_span": [67, 287]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072868-0024-0000", "contents": "1955 Michigan Wolverines football team, Season summary, Postseason\nOther Michigan player receiving All-Big Ten honors were halfback Tony Branoff (UP-1), center James Bates (UP-2), guard Dick Hill (UP-3), and fullback Lou Baldacci (UP-3).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 66], "content_span": [67, 237]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072868-0025-0000", "contents": "1955 Michigan Wolverines football team, Personnel, Players, Starting backfield\nThe following players started at least three games in the backfield for the 1955 Michigan team:", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 78], "content_span": [79, 174]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072868-0026-0000", "contents": "1955 Michigan Wolverines football team, Personnel, Players, Starting linemen\nThe following players started at least three games in the line for the 1955 Michigan team:", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 76], "content_span": [77, 167]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072868-0027-0000", "contents": "1955 Michigan Wolverines football team, Personnel, Players, Other letter winners\nA total of 38 players received varsity letters for their participation on the 1955 football team. In addition to the starters referenced above, the following players also received varsity letters:", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 80], "content_span": [81, 277]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072869-0000-0000", "contents": "1955 Michigan's 15th congressional district special election\nOn December 13, 1955, voters in Michigan's 15th congressional district elected Democrat John Dingell to the U.S. House of Representatives. His father, John Dingell Sr., was the incumbent and died September 19, 1955.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 60], "section_span": [60, 60], "content_span": [61, 276]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072870-0000-0000", "contents": "1955 Mid Ulster by-election\nThe by-election held in Mid Ulster on 11 August 1955 was called as a result of a vote in the British parliament on 18 July 1955 which voted 197 votes to 63 to nullify the result of the previous 1955 UK General Election in the constituency. At that election, Sinn F\u00e9in candidate Tom Mitchell took the seat.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [27, 27], "content_span": [28, 333]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072870-0001-0000", "contents": "1955 Mid Ulster by-election\nIn the by-election, Mitchell managed to retain the seat with an increase in the number of votes.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [27, 27], "content_span": [28, 124]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072870-0002-0000", "contents": "1955 Mid Ulster by-election\nIn the aftermath of the election, the defeated Unionist candidate successfully lodged a petition to have Mitchell, a convicted felon, removed as Member of Parliament (MP). The seat was subsequently given to Charles Beattie. However, as Beattie was at the time of his appointment a member of an appeals tribunal, considered \"offices of profit under the Crown\", the British House of Commons ruled that this disqualified him from the office of MP.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [27, 27], "content_span": [28, 472]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072871-0000-0000", "contents": "1955 Mid-South 250\nThe 1955 Mid-South 250 was a NASCAR Grand National Series event that was held on August 14, 1955, at the Memphis-Arkansas Speedway in LeHi, Arkansas.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 18], "section_span": [18, 18], "content_span": [19, 168]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072871-0001-0000", "contents": "1955 Mid-South 250\nThe race car drivers still had to commute to the races using the same stock cars that competed in a typical weekend's race through a policy of homologation (and under their own power). This policy was in effect until roughly 1975. By 1980, NASCAR had completely stopped tracking the year model of all the vehicles and most teams did not take stock cars to the track under their own power anymore.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 18], "section_span": [18, 18], "content_span": [19, 415]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072871-0002-0000", "contents": "1955 Mid-South 250, Race report\nOne hundred and sixty-seven laps were done on a dirt oval track spanning 1.500 miles (2.414\u00a0km). There were no cautions and the time of the race was two hours, forty-seven minutes, and twelve seconds. The average speed was 89.982 miles per hour (144.812\u00a0km/h) while the pole position speed was 99.944 miles per hour (160.844\u00a0km/h). Fifteen thousand people attended this live and completely untelevised race. Total winnings for this race were $10,625 ($101,406 when adjusted for inflation) with the winner receiving $2,950 ($28,155 when adjusted for inflation).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 18], "section_span": [20, 31], "content_span": [32, 592]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072871-0003-0000", "contents": "1955 Mid-South 250, Race report\nFonty Flock managed to break his brother's eight-race pole streak. However, Tim Flock qualified in second place for this race. Fonty would eventually win the race in his 1955 Chrysler C-300 but Tim would finish in third place (one position worse than he started in). Speeds achieved during qualifying range from 77.9 miles per hour (125.4\u00a0km/h) to 99.9 miles per hour (160.8\u00a0km/h); with most drivers being able to do a qualifying lap in less than 60 seconds.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 18], "section_span": [20, 31], "content_span": [32, 490]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072871-0004-0000", "contents": "1955 Mid-South 250, Race report\nLee Petty was knocked out of the race due to problem with his car's U joint; causing Petty to lose the point lead during the race. It was the first time he didn't lead the point standings since the 10th race of 1954, a 59-race streak. Jimmie Lewallen was forced out of the race due to a broken gas line. Ted Cannady and Banks Simpson would make their NASCAR debuts at this racing event while Ken Johns and Jim McLain would end their NASCAR careers here. No record pertaining to the points system used in NASCAR was recorded for this event.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 18], "section_span": [20, 31], "content_span": [32, 571]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072871-0005-0000", "contents": "1955 Mid-South 250, Race report\nSmokey Yunick and Carl Kiekhaefer were two of the most notable crew chiefs to attend this race; Yunick attended to Herb Thomas' car while Carl helped to service Tim Flock's vehicle.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 18], "section_span": [20, 31], "content_span": [32, 213]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072871-0006-0000", "contents": "1955 Mid-South 250, Race report, Finishing order\n* Driver failed to finish race \u2020 signifies that the driver is known to be deceased", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 18], "section_span": [20, 48], "content_span": [49, 131]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072872-0000-0000", "contents": "1955 Midlothian County Council election\nElections to Midlothian County Council were held on 10 May 1955. Midlothian was one of the four divisions that made up the historic region of Lothian in Scotland. The Local Government (Scotland) Act 1889 established Midlothian as an administrative county, governed by a County Council.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [39, 39], "content_span": [40, 325]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072872-0001-0000", "contents": "1955 Midlothian County Council election\nThe county was divided into 39 electoral divisions, each of which returned one member. In 1955 there were contests in 16 of these.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [39, 39], "content_span": [40, 170]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072872-0002-0000", "contents": "1955 Midlothian County Council election\nFollowing the election the council was composed of 24 Labourites, 13 Progressives/Moderates, and two Communists.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [39, 39], "content_span": [40, 152]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072873-0000-0000", "contents": "1955 Milan\u2013San Remo\nThe 1955 Milan\u2013San Remo was the 46th edition of the Milan\u2013San Remo cycle race and was held on 19 March 1955. The race started in Milan and finished in San Remo. The race was won by Germain Derycke of the Alcyon team.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [19, 19], "content_span": [20, 236]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072874-0000-0000", "contents": "1955 Mille Miglia\nThe 1955 Mille Miglia was a 1,000 mile motor race held on a  course made up entirely of public roads around Italy, mostly on the outer parts of the country on April 30-May 1, 1955. Also known as the 22. edizione Mille Miglia, the 992.332 mile (1597\u00a0km) route was based on a round trip between Brescia and Rome, with start/finish in Brescia. It was the 3rd round of the 1955 World Sportscar Championship and for the Coppa Franco Mazzotti.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [17, 17], "content_span": [18, 455]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072874-0001-0000", "contents": "1955 Mille Miglia\nAs in previous years, the event was race against the clock, as the cars were released at one-minute intervals. In the Mille Miglia, the smaller displacement slower cars started first late in the previous evening, and the large-bore professional cars started last early the next morning. Each car number related to their allocated start time. For example, Luigi Musso\u2019s car had the number 651, he left Brescia at 6:51am. Some drivers went with navigators, others didn't; a number of local Italian drivers had knowledge of the routes being used and felt confident enough that they wouldn't need one.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [17, 17], "content_span": [18, 615]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072874-0002-0000", "contents": "1955 Mille Miglia\nThis race was won by Mercedes-Benz factory driver Stirling Moss with the aid of his navigator Denis Jenkinson. They completed the 992-mile distance in 10 hours, 7 minutes and 48 seconds- an average speed of 99\u00a0mph (160\u00a0km/h). The two Englishmen finished 32 minutes in front of their second-placed teammate, Argentine Juan Manuel Fangio.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [17, 17], "content_span": [18, 354]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072874-0003-0000", "contents": "1955 Mille Miglia\nTypical of the very high danger of this race, 3 people- 2 drivers and 1 spectator were killed in this race. Giovanni Brinci, driving a Ferrari 212 with Dorando Malinconi hit a gate at rail crossing, overturned and crashed against a cement road sign in the village of Tortoreto Lido, province of Teramo, not far from the Adriatic sea, about 300 miles from the start. Although Malinconi survived, Brinci was gravely injured in this accident, and would pass away in a hospital in the nearby city of Teramo the following day.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [17, 17], "content_span": [18, 539]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072874-0003-0001", "contents": "1955 Mille Miglia\nAn Alfa Romeo 6C 2500, #657 driven by Giannino Festari went out of control on the approach to a 90-degree turn along the Via Goito, towards the Scaricatore bridge over the Bassanello river, in the neighbourhoods of Padua, Italy, some 50 miles into his rsace. The accident occurred at about 08h00 on Sunday. According to eyewitnesses reports, Festari was one of three competitors who arrived together at the same time, and the Alfa went off the road and hit a group of spectators standing behind the straw bales, in a prohibited area.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [17, 17], "content_span": [18, 551]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072874-0003-0002", "contents": "1955 Mille Miglia\nFifteen people were severely injured, eleven of them were children. One of them, 4-year old Giuliano Carraro died in a hospital in Padua. And Giuseppe Donnini, driving a Fiat 600 crashed into a parked car in Montichari near Brescia less than a mile from the finish, after having driven for nearly 24 consecutive hours. He suffered grave head injuries and died a few hours later in a hospital in Montichari; his co-driver Fausto Castellarin had minor injuries and survived.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [17, 17], "content_span": [18, 490]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072874-0004-0000", "contents": "1955 Mille Miglia, Report, Entry\nA total of 661 cars were entered for the event, across 12 classes based on engine sizes, ranging from up to 750cc to over 2.0-litre, for Grand Touring Cars, Touring Cars and Sport Cars. Of these, 534 cars started the event.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 32], "content_span": [33, 256]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072874-0005-0000", "contents": "1955 Mille Miglia, Report, Entry\nFor this year's Mille Miglia, Ferrari, Mercedes-Benz, Maserati and Aston Martin all came to Brescia wanting to win. Scuderia Ferrari brought cars for Umberto Maglioli, Sergio Sighinolfi, Paolo Marzotto and Piero Taruffi, Aston Martin had a DB3S for Peter Collins and DB2/4s for Paul Fr\u00e8re and Tommy Wisdom; and Maserati only had one 300S for Cesare Perdisa. Daimler Benz AG, who were making their Championship debut in this event, had probably the strongest line-up: Juan Manuel Fangio, Stirling Moss, Hans Herrmann and Karl Kling in their Mercedes-Benz 300 SLRs. Lancia decided to put all their efforts into Grand Prix and did not attend the race.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 32], "content_span": [33, 681]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072874-0006-0000", "contents": "1955 Mille Miglia, Race\nMoss and Jenkinson were the favourites to win, although they had no knowledge of the local roads despite this being Moss\u2019s fifth attempt at the Mille Miglia. Moss was relying entirely on Jenkinson's pace notes (now used ubiquitously in modern rallying) that they had spent months compiling. Jenkinson's innovative pace notes were written on a home-made roller scroll. Initially the race wasn't in favor of the Mercedes duo, as Eugenio Castellotti streaked away from the field in his privately entered Ferrari 735 LM with its powerful 4.4-litre engine.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 23], "content_span": [24, 575]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072874-0006-0001", "contents": "1955 Mille Miglia, Race\nBy the time the fastest cars reached the town of Ravenna on the Adriatic Sea, Castellotti was two minutes ahead of Moss/Jenkinson, but Castellotti was driving very aggressively, sliding his Ferrari through the corners, his tyres leaving large black streaks on the road. As the cars streaked down the coastline towards Pescara, Castellotti had pushed too hard, and his Ferrari suffered a mechanical failure. His teammate Marzotto had a promising start but disaster struck when a tyre blew as he was traveling at 174\u00a0mph. He was able to keep the car on the road but as he stopped to grab the spare, he noticed that it was a different size from the others, so he was forced into retirement.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 23], "content_span": [24, 711]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072874-0007-0000", "contents": "1955 Mille Miglia, Race\nMoss surged into the lead as the fastest Ferrari expired, but there was still formidable opposition, this time from the Scuderia Ferrari driver, Piero Taruffi. Taruffi had averaged a stunning 130\u00a0mph on the sprint down to Pescara, shattering all previous Mille Miglia speed records with his 376 S. At this time, only a thin margin now separated the lead two cars as they refuelled, with Moss snatching the advantage thanks to a quicker stop. Fangio at this stage began to develop engine problems.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 23], "content_span": [24, 520]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072874-0008-0000", "contents": "1955 Mille Miglia, Race\nThe next checkpoint was in the town of L\u2019Aquila. In order to get there, a 62.5 mile (100\u00a0km) route through the mountains had to be traversed. When Moss and Jenkinson reached this town, they were leading by 35 seconds, followed by Herrmann, Taruffi, Fangio and Kling - All the Mercedes cars entered were running 1st, 2nd, 4th, and 5th.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 23], "content_span": [24, 358]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072874-0009-0000", "contents": "1955 Mille Miglia, Race\nBy this time, Jenkinson\u2019s map-rolling device was paying off well. Moss\u2019s supreme confidence in his co-driver allowed him to slam over blind brows in absolute confidence at around 170\u00a0mph; once the Mercedes actually flew for about 200 feet before crashing back on the tarmac. In that 28 second stop at Pescara, the 300SLR was quickly topped with 18 gallons of fuel, sufficient to reach its main stop in Rome.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 23], "content_span": [24, 431]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072874-0010-0000", "contents": "1955 Mille Miglia, Race\nThe next checkpoint was the Italian capital of Rome, which was the halfway point. Moss had taken 1 hour and 6 minutes to reach Rome from L\u2019Aquila and he had extended his lead to 1 minute and 15 seconds over Taruffi. Kling crashed just outside the city and was now out of the race. His Mercedes was up against a tree, as he crashed avoiding some spectators; luckily he only suffered broken ribs. Meanwhile, Fangio was still struggling with engine problems; his complaints were ignored by Mercedes pit personnel in Rome. Moss buckled down to tackle the most challenging and demanding section of the route. Constantly on his mind was a fierce desire to disprove one of the old sayings \u2013 \u2018He who leads at Rome never finishes\u2019.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 23], "content_span": [24, 746]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072874-0011-0000", "contents": "1955 Mille Miglia, Race\nThe mountainous 140 mile (227\u00a0km) route from Rome to the next time control in Siena was a race of attrition. Perdisa and Taruffi both retired, and by the time he reached Siena, Moss had extended his lead to 5 minutes and 40 seconds over Herrmann - he had extended 1 minute and 36 seconds on Herrmann on this section alone. At this point, 690\u00a0mi (1,101\u00a0km) of distance had been covered in 6 hours, 51 minutes and 16 seconds by Moss and Jenkinson.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 23], "content_span": [24, 469]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072874-0012-0000", "contents": "1955 Mille Miglia, Race\nThe next stage was from Siena to Florence, 44\u00a0mi (70\u00a0km) long. Moss had pulled out only 8 seconds over Herrmann, who was pushing hard. Fangio's engine began to make unhealthy noises, and when the mechanics checked the engine, one of the very advanced fuel injection pipes had broken; the engine in Fangio's car was now running on 7 cylinders.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 23], "content_span": [24, 366]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072874-0013-0000", "contents": "1955 Mille Miglia, Race\nAfter Florence was Bologna, 65 miles (107\u00a0km) away, through the fearsome Futa Pass in Tuscany - one of the most difficult parts of this race. Bologna was nearby Modena, which was home to the headquarters of both Ferrari and Maserati. Herrmann crashed on this stage and was out; Moss was at his best, out to shatter the one-hour bogey, and he was now 27 minutes and 38 seconds ahead of Fangio, and was fastest on this section, 4\u00bd minutes ahead of Magiloli.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 23], "content_span": [24, 479]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072874-0014-0000", "contents": "1955 Mille Miglia, Race\nBy the time Moss and Jenkinson had reached the town of Cremona, they had extended their lead over Fangio to 30 minutes. They were once again fastest over this 115 mile (185\u00a0km) stage.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 23], "content_span": [24, 207]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072874-0015-0000", "contents": "1955 Mille Miglia, Race\nNow Moss and Jenkinson were on the final stage from Cremona to Brescia, however there was no letting up as Moss would bring the Mercedes up to 170\u00a0mph for a quick finale. At the finish, f\u00eated by the Italian fans and surrounded by their team, the Englishmen discovered just how successful they had been. They had won the Mille Miglia, and had left all records shattered in the wake of their victorious 300SLR. In second place came Fangio driving alone in the only other 300SLR to finish 32 minutes behind.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 23], "content_span": [24, 528]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072874-0015-0001", "contents": "1955 Mille Miglia, Race\nThird was the Ferrari 376 S of Umberto Maglioli/Gino Monetferrario and fourth Francesco Giardini\u2019s 2-litre Maserati A6GCS. Moss and Jenkinson reached Brescia at 17:29; 10 hours and 7 minutes after they left Brescia at 07:22. Moss became the first and only Briton and one of the few non-Italians to win the Mille Miglia. Moss also won the Index of Performance, normally won by the smaller capacity cars.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 23], "content_span": [24, 426]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072874-0016-0000", "contents": "1955 Mille Miglia, Classification, Official Results\nOf the 521 starters, 281 were classified as finishers. Therefore, only a selection of notably racers has been listed below.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 51], "content_span": [52, 175]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072874-0017-0000", "contents": "1955 Mille Miglia, Standings after the race\nChampionship points were awarded for the first six places in each race in the order of 8-6-4-3-2-1. Manufacturers were only awarded points for their highest finishing car with no points awarded for positions filled by additional cars. Only the best 4 results out of the 6 races could be retained by each manufacturer. Points earned but not counted towards the championship totals are listed within brackets in the above table.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 43], "content_span": [44, 470]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072875-0000-0000", "contents": "1955 Milwaukee Braves season\nThe 1955 Milwaukee Braves season was the third in Milwaukee and the 85th overall season of the franchise.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [28, 28], "content_span": [29, 134]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072875-0001-0000", "contents": "1955 Milwaukee Braves season, Player stats, Batting, Starters by position\nNote: Pos = Position; G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 73], "content_span": [74, 198]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072875-0002-0000", "contents": "1955 Milwaukee Braves season, Player stats, Batting, Other batters\nNote: G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 66], "content_span": [67, 175]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072875-0003-0000", "contents": "1955 Milwaukee Braves season, Player stats, Pitching, Starting pitchers\nNote: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 71], "content_span": [72, 182]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072875-0004-0000", "contents": "1955 Milwaukee Braves season, Player stats, Pitching, Other pitchers\nNote: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 68], "content_span": [69, 179]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072875-0005-0000", "contents": "1955 Milwaukee Braves season, Player stats, Pitching, Relief pitchers\nNote: G = Games pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; SV = Saves; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 69], "content_span": [70, 170]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072876-0000-0000", "contents": "1955 Minnesota Golden Gophers football team\nThe 1955 Minnesota Golden Gophers football team represented the University of Minnesota in the 1955 Big Ten Conference football season. In their second year under head coach Murray Warmath, the Golden Gophers compiled a 3\u20136 record and were outscored by their opponents by a combined total of 172 to 110.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 43], "section_span": [43, 43], "content_span": [44, 347]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072876-0001-0000", "contents": "1955 Minnesota Golden Gophers football team\nQuarterback Don Swanson received the team's Most Valuable Player award, and fullback Dick Borstad and running back Bob Hobart were named to the Academic All-Big Ten team.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 43], "section_span": [43, 43], "content_span": [44, 214]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072876-0002-0000", "contents": "1955 Minnesota Golden Gophers football team\nTotal attendance for the season was 305,581, which averaged to 61,116. The season high for attendance was against Southern Cal.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 43], "section_span": [43, 43], "content_span": [44, 171]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072877-0000-0000", "contents": "1955 Mississippi Southern Southerners football team\nThe 1955 Mississippi Southern Southerners football team was an American football team that represented Mississippi Southern College (now known as the University of Southern Mississippi) as an independent during the 1955 college football season. In their seventh year under head coach Thad Vann, the team compiled a 9\u20131 record.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 51], "section_span": [51, 51], "content_span": [52, 378]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072878-0000-0000", "contents": "1955 Mississippi State Maroons football team\nThe 1955 Mississippi State Maroons football team represented Mississippi State College during the 1955 college football season. The team was led by second-year head coach Darrell Royal and compiled a 6\u20134 record, sixth in the Southeastern Conference.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [44, 44], "content_span": [45, 294]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072878-0001-0000", "contents": "1955 Mississippi State Maroons football team\nHalfback Art Davis was named to the FWAA/ Look Magazine All America Team and voted their College \"Player of the Year\". Guard Scott Suber was named to the first team NEA All America Team.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [44, 44], "content_span": [45, 231]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072878-0002-0000", "contents": "1955 Mississippi State Maroons football team\nAfter the season, Royal left in late February for\u00a0Washington in the Pacific Coast Conference.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [44, 44], "content_span": [45, 138]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072879-0000-0000", "contents": "1955 Mississippi gubernatorial election\nThe 1955 Mississippi gubernatorial election took place on November 8, 1955, in order to elect the Governor of Mississippi. Incumbent Democrat Hugh L. White was term-limited, and could not run for reelection to a second term. As was common at the time, the Democratic candidate ran unopposed in the general election so therefore the Democratic primary was the real contest, and winning the primary was considered tantamount to election.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [39, 39], "content_span": [40, 475]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072879-0001-0000", "contents": "1955 Mississippi gubernatorial election, Democratic primary\nNo candidate received a majority in the Democratic primary, which featured 5 contenders, so a runoff was held between the top two candidates. The runoff election was won by Attorney General James P. Coleman, who defeated lawyer Paul B. Johnson Jr., son of former Governor Paul B. Johnson Sr.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 59], "content_span": [60, 351]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072880-0000-0000", "contents": "1955 Missouri Tigers football team\nThe 1955 Missouri Tigers football team was an American football team that represented the University of Missouri in the Big Seven Conference (Big 7) during the 1955 college football season. The team compiled a 1\u20139 record (1\u20135 against Big 7 opponents), finished in a tie for seventh place in the Big 7, and was outscored by its opponents by a combined total of 192 to 92. Don Faurot was the head coach for the 18th of 19 seasons. The team played its home games at Memorial Stadium in Columbia, Missouri.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [34, 34], "content_span": [35, 537]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072880-0001-0000", "contents": "1955 Missouri Tigers football team\nThe team's statistical leaders included Loyd Roll with 432 rushing yards, Dave Doane with 774 passing yards and 709 yards of total offense, Harold Burnine with 594 receiving yards, and Jim Hunter and Joe Wynn, each with 18 points scored.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [34, 34], "content_span": [35, 272]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072881-0000-0000", "contents": "1955 Mitropa Cup\nThe 1955 Mitropa Cup was the 15th season of the Mitropa football club tournament. It was won by V\u00f6r\u00f6s Lobog\u00f3 who beat \u00daDA Praha in the two-legged final 8\u20131 on aggregate.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 16], "section_span": [16, 16], "content_span": [17, 186]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072881-0001-0000", "contents": "1955 Mitropa Cup, Preliminary round\n1 V\u00f6r\u00f6s Lobog\u00f3 beat Wacker Wien 5\u20131 in a play-off to qualify for the Quarter-finals.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 16], "section_span": [18, 35], "content_span": [36, 120]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072881-0002-0000", "contents": "1955 Mitropa Cup, Semi-finals\n1 \u00daDA Praha beat Slovan Bratislava 2\u20131 in a play-off to qualify for the Final.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 16], "section_span": [18, 29], "content_span": [30, 108]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072882-0000-0000", "contents": "1955 Monaco Grand Prix\nThe 1955 Monaco Grand Prix was a Formula One motor race held at Monaco on 22 May 1955. It was race 2 of 7 in the 1955 World Championship of Drivers and was given an honorary name, Grand Prix d'Europe. The 100-lap race was won by Ferrari driver Maurice Trintignant after he started from ninth position. Eugenio Castellotti finished second for the Lancia team and Maserati drivers Jean Behra and Cesare Perdisa came in third.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [22, 22], "content_span": [23, 446]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072882-0001-0000", "contents": "1955 Monaco Grand Prix, Race report\nStirling Moss had been signed by Mercedes for the new season and Maserati had replaced him with Jean Behra. The Silver Arrows of Fangio and Moss dominated, running 1\u20132 until half distance, trailed by Ascari and Castellotti. At the halfway mark, Fangio retired with transmission trouble, giving the lead to Moss. Almost a lap ahead, a seemingly sure win for Moss was ended on Lap 80 when his Benz's engine blew. The new leader, Ascari, miscalculated the chicane coming out of the tunnel, and his Lancia crashed through the barriers into the harbour. Ascari had to swim to safety. Maurice Trintignant, in a Ferrari 625 thought to be uncompetitive, inherited the lead and scored his first Formula One victory.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [24, 35], "content_span": [36, 742]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072882-0002-0000", "contents": "1955 Monaco Grand Prix, Race report\nMercedes driver Hans Herrmann injured himself in practice and was replaced by Andr\u00e9 Simon.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [24, 35], "content_span": [36, 126]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072882-0003-0000", "contents": "1955 Monaco Grand Prix, Race report\nThis race marked the Grand Prix debut for Cesare Perdisa. It was the only Grand Prix appearance for Ted Whiteaway. This was the last Grand Prix appearance for Alberto Ascari; he was killed four days later testing a Ferrari sports car at Monza.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [24, 35], "content_span": [36, 279]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072882-0004-0000", "contents": "1955 Monaco Grand Prix, Race report\nIt was the first win for Maurice Trintignant and Englebert tyres. It was also the first podium and points for Eugenio Castellotti and Cesare Perdisa, and the first win for a French Formula One driver.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [24, 35], "content_span": [36, 236]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072883-0000-0000", "contents": "1955 Mongolian National Championship\nThe 1955 Mongolian National Championship was the first edition of the Mongolian National Championship for football. Prior to this, football tournaments had been held in Mongolia since 1946, when a football tournament was included in the first Spartakiad, the silver jubilee festival of the people's revolution and this tournament, it would seem, was considered to be the premier football competition in the country until the establishment of the national championship. The competition, which appears to have been played in a double-round-robin format between five teams, was contested over a period of seven to eight months. The competition was won by Soyol (literally: Culture), who had previously been successful a number of times in preceding Spartakiad tournaments, with the club's second team finishing as runners up.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [36, 36], "content_span": [37, 859]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072884-0000-0000", "contents": "1955 Montana Grizzlies football team\nThe 1955 Montana Grizzlies football team represented the University of Montana in the 1955 college football season as a member of the Skyline Conference. The Grizzlies were led by first-year head coach Jerry Williams, played their home games at Dornblaser Field and finished the season with a record of three wins and seven losses (3\u20137, 2\u20134 MSC).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [36, 36], "content_span": [37, 383]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072885-0000-0000", "contents": "1955 Montana State Bobcats football team\nThe 1955 Montana State Bobcats football team was an American football team that represented Montana State University in the Rocky Mountain Conference (RMC) during the 1955 college football season. In its first and only season under head coach Wally Lemm, the team compiled a 4\u20134\u20131 record (3\u20132\u20131 against conference opponents) and finished third out of six teams in the RMC.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [40, 40], "content_span": [41, 413]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072886-0000-0000", "contents": "1955 Montserratian general election\nGeneral elections were held in Montserrat on 18 March 1955. The result was a victory for the Montserrat Labour Party, which won three of the five seats in the Legislative Council. The other two seats were taken by the independent candidate Robert William Griffith (who had left the MLP) and a Merchant Planter, William Lleweyn Wall.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [35, 35], "content_span": [36, 368]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072887-0000-0000", "contents": "1955 Moomba TT\nThe 1955 Moomba TT was a motor race staged at the Albert Park Circuit in Victoria, Australia on 26 March 1955. The race, which featured a Le Mans start, was open to 'Sports Cars Open and Closed', competing with restricted fuel. It was staged as part of the Argus Moomba Motor Car Races, the meeting being sponsored by the Argus newspaper and organised by the Light Car Club of Australia in collaboration with the Albert Park Trust and the Moomba Festival Committee.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [14, 14], "content_span": [15, 480]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072887-0001-0000", "contents": "1955 Moomba TT\nThe race was won by Doug Whiteford (Triumph TR2) from Haig Hurst (Austin-Healey) and EJ Brotherton (Austin-Healey).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [14, 14], "content_span": [15, 130]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072888-0000-0000", "contents": "1955 Motocross European Championship\nThe 1955 Motocross European Championship was the 4th edition of the Motocross European Championship organized by the FIM and reserved for 500cc motorcycles.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [36, 36], "content_span": [37, 193]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072888-0001-0000", "contents": "1955 Motocross European Championship\nSince 1957 this championship has then become the current Motocross World Championship.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [36, 36], "content_span": [37, 123]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072888-0002-0000", "contents": "1955 Motocross European Championship\nIt should not be confused with the European Motocross Championship, now organized by the FIM Europe, whose first edition was held in 1988.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [36, 36], "content_span": [37, 175]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072888-0003-0000", "contents": "1955 Motocross European Championship, Final standings\nFrom May to August 7 grand prix were held which awarded points to the first six classified, respectively: 8, 6, 4, 3, 2, 1. The score in the final classification of each rider was calculated on the best four results.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 53], "content_span": [54, 270]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072889-0000-0000", "contents": "1955 NAIA Men's Basketball Tournament\nThe 1955 NAIA Men's Basketball Tournament was held in March at Municipal Auditorium in Kansas City, Missouri. The 18th annual NAIA basketball tournament featured 32 teams playing in a single-elimination format. The 1955 tournament was one for the record books. It featured four of the all-time leading scorers, two single-game best tournament performances, and most free throws made in tournament history.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [37, 37], "content_span": [38, 443]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072889-0001-0000", "contents": "1955 NAIA Men's Basketball Tournament\nThe championship game featured East Texas State University (now Texas A&M-Commerce) and Southeastern Oklahoma State University. East Texas State defeated SEOSU by a score of 71 to 54. The other teams in the NAIA Semifinals were Western Illinois University and Arkansas Tech. The Leathernecks defeated the Wonder Boys for the 3rd place title by a score of 77 to 74.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [37, 37], "content_span": [38, 402]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072889-0002-0000", "contents": "1955 NAIA Men's Basketball Tournament, Awards and honors\nMany of the records set by the 1955 tournament have been broken, and many of the awards were established much later:", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [39, 56], "content_span": [57, 173]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072889-0003-0000", "contents": "1955 NAIA Men's Basketball Tournament, 1955 NAIA bracket, 3rd place game\nThe third place game featured the losing teams from the national semifinalist to determine 3rd and 4th places in the tournament. This game was played until 1988.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [39, 72], "content_span": [73, 234]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072890-0000-0000", "contents": "1955 NASCAR Grand National Series\nThe 1955 NASCAR Grand National season began on November 7, 1954, and ended on October 30, 1955. Even though the season was resolved in the course of two different years, all NASCAR personnel were allowed to have their traditional two-month silly season that traditionally comes between mid-November and mid-February. Tim Flock won the 1955 championship by a margin of 1508 over top of Buck Baker. This season was unusual because of its 11-month season (as opposed to the current 10-month season format).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [33, 33], "content_span": [34, 537]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072890-0000-0001", "contents": "1955 NASCAR Grand National Series\nAs the ninth season of the series now known as the Cup Series, most of the drivers involved were still the first-generation race car drivers. They did not have any ties to the stock car racing world through their parents or grandparents although some of them served in World War II prior to their NASCAR careers. However, the generation that would gain notoriety and fame through nepotism (i.e., their father or older brother having a ride before them) would emerge about ten years later. The average horsepower of a stock car competing the 1955 NASCAR Grand National season would be 230 horsepower (approximately 620 less horsepower than the vehicles used in the 2009 NASCAR Sprint Cup season).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [33, 33], "content_span": [34, 729]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072890-0001-0000", "contents": "1955 NASCAR Grand National Series\nThe first race of the season was held at Tri-City Speedway in High Point, North Carolina, while the last race of the season was held at Orange Speedway in Hillsboro, North Carolina. During this time, it was customary for the majority of the tracks to be dirt tracks as 40 out of the 45 races were raced in that manner. Dirt track racing helped produce the lower speeds that kept the action safe decades prior to the Car of Tomorrow.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [33, 33], "content_span": [34, 466]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072890-0001-0001", "contents": "1955 NASCAR Grand National Series\nThe move to paved tracks in later decades would produce dangerous speeds that would cause research to move towards making cars safer to drive as opposed to making cars faster. There would be approximately 20 more years of dirt racing before paved oval racing would finally become the expected norm for NASCAR racing.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [33, 33], "content_span": [34, 350]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072890-0002-0000", "contents": "1955 NASCAR Grand National Series, Races, Wilkes County 160\nThe 1955 Wilkes County 160 was a NASCAR Grand National (now Monster Energy NASCAR Cup Series) race that took place on April 3, 1955, at North Wilkesboro Speedway in the American community of North Wilkesboro, North Carolina.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 59], "content_span": [60, 284]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072890-0003-0000", "contents": "1955 NASCAR Grand National Series, Races, Wilkes County 160\nOne hundred and sixty laps were done on a dirt track spanning .625 miles (1.006\u00a0km). The total duration of the race was one hour, twenty-two minutes, and three seconds with no cautions. Buck Baker defeated Dick Rathmann by three feet.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 59], "content_span": [60, 294]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072890-0004-0000", "contents": "1955 NASCAR Grand National Series, Races\nThis race took place at Martinsville Speedway in Martinsville, Virginia, on May 15, 1955. Jim Paschal won the pole position at the speed of 58.823 miles per hour but Tim Flock won the race with one other vehicle on the lead lap (Lee Petty). Eleven thousand people attended the one-hour-and-fifty-four-minute race. The average speed of the race was 52.554 miles per hour.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 40], "content_span": [41, 411]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072890-0005-0000", "contents": "1955 NASCAR Grand National Series, Races, Richmond 200\nThe 1955 Richmond 200 was a NASCAR Grand National (now Monster Energy NASCAR Cup Series) race that took place on May 22, 1955, at Richmond Fairgrounds (now Richmond International Raceway) in the American community of Richmond, Virginia. Two hundred laps took place on a dirt track spanning 0.500 miles (0.805\u00a0km). The exact time of the race was one hour, fifty minutes, and thirty seconds.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 54], "content_span": [55, 444]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072890-0006-0000", "contents": "1955 NASCAR Grand National Series, Races, Richmond 200\nQualifying was rained out so they had to draw for the pole position.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 54], "content_span": [55, 123]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072890-0007-0000", "contents": "1955 NASCAR Grand National Series, Races, Richmond 200, Top ten finishers\n\u2020 signifies that the driver is known to be deceased", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 73], "content_span": [74, 125]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072890-0008-0000", "contents": "1955 NASCAR Grand National Series, Races\nThe 1955 Mid-South 250 is a NASCAR Grand National race that took place on August 14, 1955, at the Memphis-Arkansas Speedway in LeHi, Arkansas. Fifteen thousand people attended this race.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 40], "content_span": [41, 227]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072890-0009-0000", "contents": "1955 NASCAR Grand National Series, Races, Southern 500\nThe 1955 Southern 500 took place on September 5 at the Darlington Raceway in Darlington, South Carolina. Herb Thomas won that race while Fireball Roberts started out at the pole position. This race can be seen on DVDs showing classic stock cars of the 1950s and the 1960s. As one of the major stock cars race to take place prior to the 1959 Daytona 500, it was considered to be an honor to qualify for this race. Many locals would enter this race as an annual tradition and have their mechanics work on their cars for a month just for this race.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 54], "content_span": [55, 600]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072890-0010-0000", "contents": "1955 NASCAR Grand National Series, Races\nThis race took place at Martinsville Speedway in Martinsville, Virginia, on October 16, 1955. Speedy Thompson won the race but Gwyn Staley won the pole position by virtue of a drawing. The duration of the race was one hour and forty minutes.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 40], "content_span": [41, 282]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072890-0011-0000", "contents": "1955 NASCAR Grand National Series, Races\nThe 1955 LeHi 300 (known officially in NASCAR as 1955-40) was a NASCAR Grand National Series racing event that took place on October 9, 1955, at Memphis-Arkansas Speedway in the American community of LeHi, Arkansas.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 40], "content_span": [41, 256]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072890-0012-0000", "contents": "1955 NASCAR Grand National Series, Races\nNASCAR Cup Series beginners in this race included Johnny Allen, Bill Morton, Jim Murray, Norm Nelson, and Chuck Stevenson. A lot of drivers would make their grand exits from NASCAR after this race: this relatively long list included Floyd Curtis, Hooker Hood, Roscoe Rann and Leland Sewell. One-time race car drivers Bob Coleman, Al Hager, and Gene Rose would make their only NASCAR appearances during this race.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 40], "content_span": [41, 453]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072890-0013-0000", "contents": "1955 NASCAR Grand National Series, Races\nThe 1955 Wilkes 160 is a NASCAR Grand National race that took place on October 23, 1955, at the North Wilkesboro Speedway in North Wilkesboro, North Carolina. Buck Baker defeated Lee Petty by a time of three seconds. This race would produce Joe Weatherly's first finish in the top five.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 40], "content_span": [41, 327]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072890-0014-0000", "contents": "1955 NASCAR Grand National Series, Races\nThis race took place at Orange Speedway in Hillsboro, North Carolina, on October 16, 1955. Tim Flock both won the pole position at the speed of 81.673 miles per hour and won the race with five other vehicles on the lead lap. Six thousand people attended the one-hour-and-sixteen-minute race. The pole speed was recorded as 81.673 miles per hour while the average speed was 70.465 miles per hour.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 40], "content_span": [41, 436]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072891-0000-0000", "contents": "1955 NBA All-Star Game\nThe 1955 NBA All Star Game was the fifth NBA All-Star Game. Bill Sharman was named the game's MVP after scoring ten of his fifteen points in the fourth quarter, while his teammate Bob Cousy led all scorers with 20 points.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [22, 22], "content_span": [23, 244]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072892-0000-0000", "contents": "1955 NBA Finals\nThe 1955 NBA World Championship Series was the championship round of the 1954\u201355 NBA season. The best-of-seven series was won by the Syracuse Nationals, who defeated the Fort Wayne Pistons in the final game when Syracuse's George King made a free throw with 12 seconds left to put the Nationals up 92\u201391. King then stole the ball from Fort Wayne's Andy Phillip with three seconds remaining to clinch the victory for Syracuse. Because of the arena not believing Fort Wayne would make the NBA Finals, the arena was booked and not available, and the Fort Wayne home games were played in Indianapolis.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 15], "section_span": [15, 15], "content_span": [16, 613]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072892-0001-0000", "contents": "1955 NBA Finals\nIt has been alleged that some Fort Wayne players conspired with gamblers to throw the series to Syracuse. The suspicious nature of the seventh game in particular has raised concerns about the legitimacy of the series. Fort Wayne led Syracuse 41\u201324 early in the second quarter, then allowed the Nationals to rally to win the game. Andy Phillip, who turned the ball over with three seconds left in the game, was believed by at least one of his teammates, George Yardley, to have thrown the game.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 15], "section_span": [15, 15], "content_span": [16, 509]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072892-0001-0001", "contents": "1955 NBA Finals\n\"There were always unwholesome implications about that ball game\", Yardley told the author Charley Rosen. However, Phillip may not have acted alone. Other Pistons players were strongly believed to have thrown games during the 1954 and 1955 NBA seasons. In fact, Yardley himself turned the ball over to Syracuse with a palming violation with 18 seconds remaining in Game 7. The foul that gave Syracuse its winning free throw, meanwhile, was committed by Frankie Brian. The NBA did not return to the 2\u20133\u20132 format until 1985. As of the 2020\u201321 season, this is the only NBA Finals to date in which the home team has won all seven games.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 15], "section_span": [15, 15], "content_span": [16, 648]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072893-0000-0000", "contents": "1955 NBA draft\nThe 1955 NBA draft was the ninth annual draft of the National Basketball Association (NBA). The draft was held on April 13, 1955, before the 1955\u201356 season. In this draft, eight remaining NBA teams took turns selecting amateur U.S. college basketball players. In each round, the teams select in reverse order of their win\u2013loss record in the previous season. The Milwaukee Hawks participated in the draft, but relocated to St. Louis, Missouri, and became the St. Louis Hawks prior to the start of the season. The draft consisted of 15 rounds comprising 96 players selected.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [14, 14], "content_span": [15, 587]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072893-0001-0000", "contents": "1955 NBA draft, Draft selections and draftee career notes\nDick Ricketts from Duquesne University was selected first overall by the Milwaukee Hawks. Second pick of the draft, Maurice Stokes from Saint Francis University won the Rookie of the Year Award. Dick Garmaker and Tom Gola were selected before the draft as Minneapolis Lakers' and Philadelphia Warriors' territorial picks respectively. Three players from this draft, Maurice Stokes, Tom Gola, and Jack Twyman, have been inducted to the Basketball Hall of Fame.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [16, 57], "content_span": [58, 517]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072893-0001-0001", "contents": "1955 NBA draft, Draft selections and draftee career notes\nK. C. Jones, who was selected by the Minneapolis Lakers in the later rounds, has also been inducted to the Basketball Hall of Fame, although he did not enter the league immediately after the draft. In the 1956 draft, he was selected in the second round by the Boston Celtics, with whom he played for in his whole career.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [16, 57], "content_span": [58, 378]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072893-0002-0000", "contents": "1955 NBA draft, Other picks\nThe following list includes other draft picks who have appeared in at least one NBA game.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [16, 27], "content_span": [28, 117]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072893-0003-0000", "contents": "1955 NBA draft, Notable undrafted players\nThese players were not selected in the 1955 NBA draft, but played at least one game in the NBA.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [16, 41], "content_span": [42, 137]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072894-0000-0000", "contents": "1955 NBA playoffs\nThe 1955 NBA playoffs was the postseason tournament of the National Basketball Association's 1954-55 season. The tournament concluded with the Eastern Conference champion Syracuse Nationals defeating the Western Conference champion Fort Wayne Pistons 4 games to 3 in the NBA Finals.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [17, 17], "content_span": [18, 300]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072894-0001-0000", "contents": "1955 NBA playoffs\nThis was the only title for the Nationals under that moniker; the franchise won its next title in 1967 as the Philadelphia 76ers.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [17, 17], "content_span": [18, 147]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072894-0002-0000", "contents": "1955 NBA playoffs\nFor the Pistons, this was their first trip to the NBA Finals in franchise history; they returned the next year, but didn't win their first title until 1989 as the Detroit Pistons.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [17, 17], "content_span": [18, 197]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072894-0003-0000", "contents": "1955 NBA playoffs\nAfter experimenting with a round robin playoff format in 1954, the NBA moved to a system in which the top team in each conference earned a first-round bye, giving them the right to start out in the division finals. It remained in place until 1967, when it changed to an eight-team format in which all teams played the first round.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [17, 17], "content_span": [18, 348]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072894-0004-0000", "contents": "1955 NBA playoffs, Bracket\nBold Series winnerItalic Team with home-court advantage in NBA Finals", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 26], "content_span": [27, 96]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072894-0005-0000", "contents": "1955 NBA playoffs, Division Semifinals, Eastern Division Semifinals, (2) New York Knicks vs. (3) Boston Celtics\nThis was the fifth playoff meeting between these two teams, with the Knicks winning three of the first four meetings.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 111], "content_span": [112, 229]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072894-0006-0000", "contents": "1955 NBA playoffs, Division Semifinals, Western Division Semifinals, (2) Minneapolis Lakers vs. (3) Rochester Royals\nThis was the sixth playoff meeting between these two teams, with the Lakers winning four of the first five meetings.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 116], "content_span": [117, 233]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072894-0007-0000", "contents": "1955 NBA playoffs, Division Finals, Eastern Division Finals, (1) Syracuse Nationals vs. (3) Boston Celtics\nThis was the fourth playoff meeting between these two teams, with the Nationals winning two of the first three meetings.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 106], "content_span": [107, 227]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072894-0008-0000", "contents": "1955 NBA playoffs, Division Finals, Western Division Finals, (1) Fort Wayne Pistons vs. (2) Minneapolis Lakers\nThis was the fourth playoff meeting between these two teams, with the Lakers winning the first three meetings.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 110], "content_span": [111, 221]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072894-0009-0000", "contents": "1955 NBA playoffs, NBA Finals: (E1) Syracuse Nationals vs. (W1) Fort Wayne Pistons\nThis was the first playoff meeting between these two teams.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 82], "content_span": [83, 142]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072895-0000-0000", "contents": "1955 NC State Wolfpack football team\nThe 1955 NC State Wolfpack football team represented North Carolina State University during the 1955 college football season. The Wolfpack were led by second-year head coach Earle Edwards and played their home games at Riddick Stadium in Raleigh, North Carolina. They competed as members of the Atlantic Coast Conference, finishing winless in conference play for the third consecutive year. The Wolfpack's tie against Wake Forest was the school's first non-loss against an ACC opponent.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [36, 36], "content_span": [37, 523]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072896-0000-0000", "contents": "1955 NCAA Baseball Tournament\nThe 1955 NCAA Baseball Tournament was played at the end of the 1955 NCAA baseball season to determine the national champion of college baseball. The tournament concluded with eight teams competing in the College World Series, a double-elimination tournament in its ninth year. Eight regional districts sent representatives to the College World Series with preliminary rounds within each district serving to determine each representative. These events would later become known as regionals.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [29, 29], "content_span": [30, 519]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072896-0000-0001", "contents": "1955 NCAA Baseball Tournament\nEach district had its own format for selecting teams, resulting in 25 teams participating in the tournament at the conclusion of their regular season, and in some cases, after a conference tournament. The College World Series was held in Omaha, NE from June 10 to June 16. The ninth tournament's champion was Wake Forest, coached by Taylor Sanford. The Most Outstanding Player was Tom Borland of Oklahoma A&M.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [29, 29], "content_span": [30, 439]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072896-0001-0000", "contents": "1955 NCAA Baseball Tournament, Tournament, District 3\nDistrict 3 consisted of two separate 3 game series. The first series was played between Wake Forest and Rollins, with the winner moving on to play West Virginia in a three-game series. The winner of that series moved on to the College World Series.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 53], "content_span": [54, 302]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072896-0002-0000", "contents": "1955 NCAA Baseball Tournament, Tournament, District 4\nDistrict 4 consisted of two separate 3 game series. The first series was played between Alma and Western Michigan, with the winner moving on to play Ohio State in a three-game series. The winner of that series moved on to the College World Series.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 53], "content_span": [54, 301]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072896-0003-0000", "contents": "1955 NCAA Baseball Tournament, Tournament, District 8\nDistrict 8 consisted of two tiers of play. The first tier was a four-team double-elimination tournament with the winner moving on to play Southern California in a three-game series. The winner of that series moved onto the College World Series.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 53], "content_span": [54, 298]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072897-0000-0000", "contents": "1955 NCAA Basketball Tournament\nThe 1955 NCAA Basketball Tournament involved 24 schools playing in single-elimination play to determine the national champion of men's  NCAA Division I college basketball. It began on March 8, 1955, and ended with the championship game on March 19 in Kansas City, Missouri. A total of 28 games were played, including a third place game in each region and a national third place game.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [31, 31], "content_span": [32, 415]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072897-0001-0000", "contents": "1955 NCAA Basketball Tournament\nSan Francisco, coached by Phil Woolpert, won the national title with a 77\u201363 victory in the final game over La Salle, coached by Ken Loeffler. Bill Russell of San Francisco was named the tournament's Most Outstanding Player.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [31, 31], "content_span": [32, 256]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072897-0002-0000", "contents": "1955 NCAA Basketball Tournament, Locations\nThe following are the sites selected to host each round of the 1955 tournament:", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 42], "content_span": [43, 122]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072897-0003-0000", "contents": "1955 NCAA Basketball Tournament, Locations, Final Four\nFor the third straight year, and sixth overall, the Municipal Auditorium in Kansas City, Missouri was the site of the Final Four. There were four new sites used in the 1955 tournament. For the first time since the 1939 National Championship, the tournament returned to the campus of Northwestern University, with games played at McGaw Memorial Hall, the then-three-year-old home to the Wildcats basketball program.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 54], "content_span": [55, 469]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072897-0003-0001", "contents": "1955 NCAA Basketball Tournament, Locations, Final Four\nThe tournament also returned to the San Francisco area for the first time since 1939, with the first round of the West-2 regional played at the Cow Palace in Daly City, the immediate southern suburb of San Francisco. Both the Cow Palace and McGaw Memorial Hall would host Final Fours within the next five years after this. The tournament also came to the state of Kentucky for the first time, with games at the Memorial Coliseum on the campus of the University of Kentucky.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 54], "content_span": [55, 528]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072897-0003-0002", "contents": "1955 NCAA Basketball Tournament, Locations, Final Four\nThe Wildcats' home court would host the tournament ten times in twenty years before being replaced by Rupp Arena. The fourth new arena was, to date, one of the smallest venues in arguably the smallest town ever to host a tournament game. The Thunderbird Coliseum, located at the Canadian County fairgrounds along U.S. Route 66 in the distant Oklahoma City suburb of El Reno, hosted the West-1 regional first-round game between Bradley and the host school, Oklahoma City University. The Chiefs would host the tournament once more in their history, in 1957 at another high school gymnasium in Oklahoma City. This was the first of three high school gymnasiums in five years to host tournament games.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 54], "content_span": [55, 751]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072898-0000-0000", "contents": "1955 NCAA Cross Country Championships\nThis is the current revision of this page, as edited by Paul2520 (talk | contribs) at 18:31, 17 November 2019 (Adding short description: \"1955 cross-country running meet of the NCAA\" (Shortdesc helper)). The present address (URL) is a permanent link to this version.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [37, 37], "content_span": [38, 304]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072898-0001-0000", "contents": "1955 NCAA Cross Country Championships\nThe 1955 NCAA Cross Country Championships were the 17th annual cross country meet to determine the team and individual national champions of men's collegiate cross country running in the United States. Held on November 28, 1955, the meet was hosted by the newly renamed Michigan State University at the Forest Akers East Golf Course in East Lansing, Michigan. The distance for the race was 4 miles (6.4 kilometers).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [37, 37], "content_span": [38, 453]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072898-0002-0000", "contents": "1955 NCAA Cross Country Championships\nSince the current multi-division format for NCAA championship did not begin until 1973, all NCAA members were eligible. In total, 5 teams and 60 individual runners contested this championship.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [37, 37], "content_span": [38, 230]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072898-0003-0000", "contents": "1955 NCAA Cross Country Championships\nThe team national championship was won by the Michigan State Spartans, their fourth. The individual championship was won by Charles Jones, from Iowa, with a time of 19:57.4.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [37, 37], "content_span": [38, 211]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072899-0000-0000", "contents": "1955 NCAA Golf Championship\nThe 1955 NCAA Men's Golf Championship was the 17th annual tournament to determine the national champions of NCAA men's collegiate golf. It was contested in June 1955 at the Holston Hills Country Club in Knoxville, Tennessee.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [27, 27], "content_span": [28, 252]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072899-0001-0000", "contents": "1955 NCAA Golf Championship\nLSU won the team title and Joe Campbell from Purdue won the individual title.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [27, 27], "content_span": [28, 105]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072900-0000-0000", "contents": "1955 NCAA Men's Basketball All-Americans\nThe consensus 1955 College Basketball All-American team, as determined by aggregating the results of six major All-American teams. To earn \"consensus\" status, a player must win honors from a majority of the following teams: the Associated Press, Look Magazine, The United Press International, the Newspaper Enterprise Association (NEA), Collier's Magazine and the International News Service.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [40, 40], "content_span": [41, 432]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072901-0000-0000", "contents": "1955 NCAA Men's Ice Hockey Tournament\nThe 1955 NCAA Men's Ice Hockey Tournament was the culmination of the 1954\u201355 NCAA men's ice hockey season, the 8th such tournament in NCAA history. It was held between March 10 and 12, 1955, and concluded with Michigan defeating Colorado College 5\u20133. All games were played at the Broadmoor Ice Palace in Colorado Springs, Colorado.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [37, 37], "content_span": [38, 369]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072901-0001-0000", "contents": "1955 NCAA Men's Ice Hockey Tournament, Qualifying teams\nFour teams qualified for the tournament, two each from the eastern and western regions. The two best WIHL teams and a Tri-State League representative received bids into the tournament as did one independent school.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [39, 55], "content_span": [56, 270]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072901-0002-0000", "contents": "1955 NCAA Men's Ice Hockey Tournament, Format\nThe eastern team judged as better was seeded as the top eastern team while the WIHL champion was given the top western seed. The second eastern seed was slotted to play the top western seed and vice versa. All games were played at the Broadmoor Ice Palace. All matches were Single-game eliminations with the semifinal winners advancing to the national championship game and the losers playing in a consolation game.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [39, 45], "content_span": [46, 461]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072902-0000-0000", "contents": "1955 NCAA Skiing Championships\nThe 1955 NCAA Skiing Championships were contested in Northfield, Vermont at the second annual NCAA-sanctioned ski tournament to determine the individual and team national champions of men's collegiate alpine, cross country skiing, and ski jumping in the United States.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [30, 30], "content_span": [31, 299]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072902-0001-0000", "contents": "1955 NCAA Skiing Championships\nDenver, coached by Willy Schaeffler, repeated as national champions, topping Dartmouth in the team standings.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [30, 30], "content_span": [31, 140]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072902-0002-0000", "contents": "1955 NCAA Skiing Championships, Venue\nThis year's championships were contested in Vermont at the Norwich University Ski Area in Northfield. The second edition, it was the first in the Eastern United States.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 37], "content_span": [38, 206]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072902-0003-0000", "contents": "1955 NCAA Skiing Championships, Venue\nThe NU ski area had a vertical drop of approximately 900 feet (270\u00a0m) and closed in 1992.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 37], "content_span": [38, 127]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072903-0000-0000", "contents": "1955 NCAA Swimming and Diving Championships\nThe 1955 NCAA Swimming and Diving Championships were contested in March 1955 at Billings Natatorium at Miami University in Oxford, Ohio at the 19th annual NCAA-sanctioned swim meet to determine the team and individual national champions of men's collegiate swimming and diving in the United States.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 43], "section_span": [43, 43], "content_span": [44, 342]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072903-0001-0000", "contents": "1955 NCAA Swimming and Diving Championships\nOhio State retained the national title, the Buckeyes' ninth, after finishing thirty-nine points ahead of Michigan and Yale in the team standings.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 43], "section_span": [43, 43], "content_span": [44, 189]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072904-0000-0000", "contents": "1955 NCAA Tennis Championships\nThe 1955 NCAA Tennis Championships were the 10th annual NCAA-sponsored tournaments to determine the national champions of men's singles, doubles, and team collegiate tennis in the United States.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [30, 30], "content_span": [31, 225]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072904-0001-0000", "contents": "1955 NCAA Tennis Championships\nUSC won the team championship, the Trojans' third such title. USC finished five points ahead of Texas (12\u20137) in the team standings.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [30, 30], "content_span": [31, 162]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072904-0002-0000", "contents": "1955 NCAA Tennis Championships, Host site\nThis year's tournaments were contested at the University of North Carolina in Chapel Hill, North Carolina.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 41], "content_span": [42, 148]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072904-0003-0000", "contents": "1955 NCAA Tennis Championships, Team scoring\nUntil 1977, the men's team championship was determined by points awarded based on individual performances in the singles and doubles events.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 44], "content_span": [45, 185]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072905-0000-0000", "contents": "1955 NCAA Track and Field Championships\nThe 1955 NCAA Track and Field Championships were contested June 17\u221218 at the 34th annual NCAA-sanctioned track meet to determine the individual and team national champions of men's collegiate track and field in the United States. This year's events were hosted by the University of Southern California at the Los Angeles Memorial Coliseum in Los Angeles.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [39, 39], "content_span": [40, 394]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072905-0001-0000", "contents": "1955 NCAA Track and Field Championships\nHosts USC won their seventh consecutive team national championship, the Trojans' 19th title in program history.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [39, 39], "content_span": [40, 151]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072906-0000-0000", "contents": "1955 NCAA Wrestling Championships\nThe 1955 NCAA Wrestling Championships were the 25th NCAA Wrestling Championships to be held. Cornell University in Ithaca, New York hosted the tournament at Barton Hall.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [33, 33], "content_span": [34, 203]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072906-0001-0000", "contents": "1955 NCAA Wrestling Championships\nOklahoma A&M took home the team championship with 40 points and having two individual champions.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [33, 33], "content_span": [34, 130]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072906-0002-0000", "contents": "1955 NCAA Wrestling Championships\nEddie Eichelberger of Lehigh was named the Most Outstanding Wrestler.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [33, 33], "content_span": [34, 103]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072907-0000-0000", "contents": "1955 NCAA baseball season\nThe 1955 NCAA baseball season, play of college baseball in the United States organized by the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) began in the spring of 1955. The season progressed through the regular season and concluded with the 1955 College World Series. The College World Series, held for the ninth time in 1955, consisted of one team from each of eight geographical districts and was held in Omaha, Nebraska at Johnny Rosenblatt Stadium as a double-elimination tournament. Wake Forest claimed the championship.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [25, 25], "content_span": [26, 553]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072907-0001-0000", "contents": "1955 NCAA baseball season, Conference winners\nThis is a partial list of conference champions from the 1955 season. Each of the eight geographical districts chose, by various methods, the team that would represent them in the NCAA Tournament. 12 teams earned automatic bids by winning their conference championship while 13 teams earned at-large selections.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [27, 45], "content_span": [46, 356]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072907-0002-0000", "contents": "1955 NCAA baseball season, College World Series\nThe 1955 season marked the ninth NCAA Baseball Tournament, which consisted of the eight team College World Series. The College World Series was held in Omaha, Nebraska. The eight teams played a double-elimination format, with Wake Forest claiming their first championship with a 7\u20136 win over Western Michigan in the final.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [27, 47], "content_span": [48, 370]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072908-0000-0000", "contents": "1955 NCAA football rankings\nTwo human polls comprised the 1955 National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) football rankings. Unlike most sports, college football's governing body, the NCAA, does not bestow a national championship, instead that title is bestowed by one or more different polling agencies. There are two main weekly polls that begin in the preseason\u2014the AP Poll and the Coaches' Poll.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [27, 27], "content_span": [28, 404]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072908-0001-0000", "contents": "1955 NCAA football rankings, AP Poll\nThe final AP Poll was released on November 28, at the end of the 1955 regular season, weeks before the major bowls. The AP would not release a post-bowl season final poll regularly until 1968.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 36], "content_span": [37, 229]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072908-0002-0000", "contents": "1955 NCAA football rankings, Final Coaches' Poll\nThe final UP Coaches Poll was released prior to the bowl games, on November 28. Oklahoma received 24 of the 35 first-place votes; Michigan State received seven, and two each to Maryland and UCLA.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 48], "content_span": [49, 244]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072909-0000-0000", "contents": "1955 NFL Championship Game\nThe 1955 National Football League Championship Game was the 23rd league championship game, played on December 26 at the Los Angeles Memorial Coliseum in Los Angeles, California.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [26, 26], "content_span": [27, 204]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072909-0001-0000", "contents": "1955 NFL Championship Game\nIt was between the Eastern Conference champion Cleveland Browns (9\u20132\u20131), the defending league champions, and the Los Angeles Rams (8\u20133\u20131), champions of the Western Conference. The attendance of 87,695 broke the NFL championship game record by nearly 30,000. This was the first NFL championship game played on a Monday and the first televised by NBC. In their sixth consecutive NFL title game, the Browns were six-point favorites.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [26, 26], "content_span": [27, 456]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072909-0002-0000", "contents": "1955 NFL Championship Game\nThe Browns successfully defended the title and won their third NFL championship of the 1950s in a second  straight rout, 38\u201314. Their next (and most recent) league title  was in 1964, 57\u00a0years ago.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [26, 26], "content_span": [27, 224]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072909-0003-0000", "contents": "1955 NFL Championship Game\nThis was the Rams' fourth title game in seven seasons, with one victory in 1951. They did not reach the league's big game again until Super Bowl XIV in January 1980, and did not win until Super Bowl XXXIV in January 2000, as the St. Louis Rams.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [26, 26], "content_span": [27, 271]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072909-0004-0000", "contents": "1955 NFL Championship Game, Game summary, First half\nBrowns veteran Lou Groza kicked off; Rams rookie halfback Ron Waller returned the kick, and Groza himself made the tackle. A subsequent Rams drive was stopped at the Cleveland 12 when Kenny Konz intercepted a Norm Van Brocklin pass.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [28, 52], "content_span": [53, 285]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072909-0005-0000", "contents": "1955 NFL Championship Game, Game summary, First half\nBrowns quarterback Otto Graham, who had announced his retirement at the end of the season, drove Cleveland to the L.A. 26 where Groza's FG gave the Browns a 3\u20130 first quarter lead. The Browns scored again when DB Don Paul intercepted Van Brocklin's pass on the Browns 35 and raced 65 yards for a touchdown, making the score 10\u20130.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [28, 52], "content_span": [53, 382]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072909-0006-0000", "contents": "1955 NFL Championship Game, Game summary, First half\nThe Rams answered back when Van Brocklin connected with halfback Volney \"Skeet\" Quinlan for a 67-yard touchdown, pulling the Rams to within 3 points, 10\u20137, and giving the large crowd hopes of an upset. But late in the second period, Van Brocklin threw his third interception of the half; defensive back Tom James, who had been beaten on the Rams' Tom Fears' title-winning touchdown on the same field four years earlier, grabbed the errant pass and took the ball back to midfield with time running out. The next play turned a close game into a rout;  Otto Graham found Dante Lavelli with a 50-yard touchdown pass along the sideline and the Rams, who moments earlier were driving to take the lead, went to the locker room down 17\u20137.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [28, 52], "content_span": [53, 783]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072909-0007-0000", "contents": "1955 NFL Championship Game, Game summary, Second half\nGraham earned his place as the star of the game. After moving the Browns from the L.A. 46, Graham kept the ball and ran around right end from the 19 and scored to put the Browns ahead 24\u20137. On Los Angeles's next possession, Sam Palumbo intercepted Van Brocklin at the Ram 36. Graham drove the Browns to the 4, then scored himself on a sneak. Groza's conversion increased Cleveland's lead to 31\u20137 with two minutes left in the third quarter.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [28, 53], "content_span": [54, 493]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072909-0008-0000", "contents": "1955 NFL Championship Game, Game summary, Second half\nIn the final period, Graham tossed a 35-yard touchdown pass to Ray Renfro and Groza's kick gave the Browns a 38\u20137 lead. Late in the game, Waller ran four yards for a touchdown and Les Richter's conversion finished the scoring. In the final minutes coach Brown sent in reserve quarterback George Ratterman and allowed Graham to leave the field to an ovation from the Los Angeles crowd.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [28, 53], "content_span": [54, 438]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072909-0009-0000", "contents": "1955 NFL Championship Game, Game summary, Second half\nCleveland, with its third title of the decade, represented the American/Eastern Conference in the championship game every year since its admission to the NFL, celebrated Graham's farewell. The Rams' Van Brocklin, who threw six interceptions, often was quoted that it was the worst game of his hall of fame career.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [28, 53], "content_span": [54, 367]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072909-0010-0000", "contents": "1955 NFL Championship Game, Officials\nThe NFL added the fifth official, the back judge, in 1947; the line judge arrived in 1965, and the side judge in 1978.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [28, 37], "content_span": [38, 156]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072909-0011-0000", "contents": "1955 NFL Championship Game, Players' shares\nThe gross receipts for the game, including radio and television rights, were over $504,000, the highest to date. Each player on the winning Browns team received $3,508, while Rams players made $2,316 each.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [28, 43], "content_span": [44, 249]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072910-0000-0000", "contents": "1955 NFL Draft\nThe 1955 National Football League draft was held January 27\u201328, 1955 at the Warwick Hotel in New York City.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [14, 14], "content_span": [15, 122]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072911-0000-0000", "contents": "1955 NFL season\nThe 1955 NFL season was the 36th regular season of the National Football League. NBC paid $100,000 to replace DuMont as the national television network for the NFL Championship Game. The season ended when the Cleveland Browns defeated the Los Angeles Rams 38\u201314 in the title game.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 15], "section_span": [15, 15], "content_span": [16, 296]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072911-0001-0000", "contents": "1955 NFL season, Draft\nThe 1955 NFL Draft was held from January 27\u201328, 1955 at Philadelphia's Warwick Hotel. With the first pick, the Baltimore Colts selected running back George Shaw from the University of Oregon.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 15], "section_span": [17, 22], "content_span": [23, 214]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072911-0002-0000", "contents": "1955 NFL season, Conference races\nThe defending champion Browns dropped their opener, at home, to the Redskins 27\u201317, but a six-game win streak put them back in front to win the Eastern race. The Western race was crowded a few times, as the Rams had to share the lead. In Week Eight, the Bears beat Los Angeles 24\u20133, to give both teams 5\u20133 records, The next week (November 20), the Bears took the lead with a 24\u201314 at Detroit while the Rams got a 17\u201317 tie at Baltimore.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 15], "section_span": [17, 33], "content_span": [34, 470]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072911-0002-0001", "contents": "1955 NFL season, Conference races\nAs had happened many times before in the annual battle of Chicago, the Bears were upset by the Cardinals in Week Ten (November 27), 53\u201314; the Rams eked out a 23\u201321 in Philadelphia on Les Richter's field goal with 0:07 left in the game. In Week Eleven (December 4), the Rams won 20\u201314 over Baltimore, and the Bears kept their hopes alive with a difficult 21\u201320 win over Detroit.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 15], "section_span": [17, 33], "content_span": [34, 412]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072911-0002-0002", "contents": "1955 NFL season, Conference races\nIn the latter game, the Lions' Doak Walker missed an extra point, lost a fumble late in the game on the Detroit 28, and was wide on a 35-yard field goal attempt in the final seconds. The Bears won their last game (December 11), 17\u201310 over Philadelphia, to finish 8\u20134, and hoped for the 7\u20133\u20131 Rams would lose their game in Los Angeles against Green Bay. The Rams did not lose, clinching a spot in the title game, with a 31\u201317 win.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 15], "section_span": [17, 33], "content_span": [34, 463]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072911-0003-0000", "contents": "1955 NFL season, Final standings\nNote: Tie games were not officially counted in the standings until 1972.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 15], "section_span": [17, 32], "content_span": [33, 105]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072911-0004-0000", "contents": "1955 NFL season, Final standings\nNote: Tie games were not officially counted in the standings until 1972.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 15], "section_span": [17, 32], "content_span": [33, 105]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072911-0005-0000", "contents": "1955 NFL season, NFL Championship Game\nCleveland 38, Los Angeles 14 at Los Angeles Memorial Coliseum, Los Angeles, Monday, December 26, 1955", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 15], "section_span": [17, 38], "content_span": [39, 140]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072912-0000-0000", "contents": "1955 NSWRFL season\nThe 1955 NSWRFL season was the 48th season of the New South Wales Rugby Football League. Ten teams from across Sydney competed for the NSWRFL Premiership J. J. Giltinan Shield during the season, which culminated in a replay of the previous year's Grand Final between the South Sydney and Newtown clubs.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 18], "section_span": [18, 18], "content_span": [19, 321]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072912-0001-0000", "contents": "1955 NSWRFL season, Season summary\nHalfway through the 1955 season Souths were in equal last place having won just three of nine matches. From that point they didn't lose another game, winning nine season encounters in a row before the finals. Eventually they finished fourth. Had they lost a single one of these games they would have missed the finals.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 18], "section_span": [20, 34], "content_span": [35, 353]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072912-0002-0000", "contents": "1955 NSWRFL season, Season summary\nIn the second last match of the regular season Souths met Manly-Warringah and were behind 4\u20137 with moments to go. Clive Churchill had broken his arm early in the game tackling Manly winger George Hugo but refused to leave the field. Souths lock Les Cowie managed to score a try in the corner and Churchill with a broken arm took a sideline conversion attempt that wobbled over the posts and won Souths the game. Churchill would take no part in Souths' 1955 finals campaign.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 18], "section_span": [20, 34], "content_span": [35, 508]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072912-0003-0000", "contents": "1955 NSWRFL season, Season summary, Teams\n48th seasonGround: Leichhardt Oval Coach: Norm \"Latchem\" Robinson Captain: Bill Marsh", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 18], "section_span": [20, 41], "content_span": [42, 127]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072912-0004-0000", "contents": "1955 NSWRFL season, Season summary, Teams\n21st seasonGround: Belmore Sports Ground Coach: Vic HeyCaptain: Ray Gartner", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 18], "section_span": [20, 41], "content_span": [42, 117]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072912-0005-0000", "contents": "1955 NSWRFL season, Season summary, Teams\n48th seasonGround: Sydney Sports Ground Coach: Frank O'Connor Captain: Noel Pidding", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 18], "section_span": [20, 41], "content_span": [42, 125]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072912-0006-0000", "contents": "1955 NSWRFL season, Season summary, Teams\n48th seasonGround: North Sydney OvalCoach: Rex Harrison Captain: George Martin", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 18], "section_span": [20, 41], "content_span": [42, 120]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072912-0007-0000", "contents": "1955 NSWRFL season, Finals, Grand Final\nAfter their incredible nine game end-of-season run and having come from behind in both their semi-finals it looked unlikely that Souths\u2019 fairytale would end happily on Grand Final day. They were without stars Clive Churchill and Greg Hawick. Newtown were the minor premiers and had eleven of their 1954 Grand Final side back for the 1955 decider, all fit, experienced and keen to avenge their 1954 loss.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 18], "section_span": [20, 39], "content_span": [40, 443]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072912-0008-0000", "contents": "1955 NSWRFL season, Finals, Grand Final\nThe 1955 Grand Final was very closely fought out. Souths trailed 4\u20138 at half-time and the Bluebags looked home with an 11\u20137 lead with ten minutes remaining. In the final moments captain-coach Jack Rayner managed to win a strike in the play-the-ball and toed it through. Newtown lock Peter Ryan fumbled and again Rayner got the boot to it. Souths halfback Col Donohoe won the race and grounded the ball next to the posts, enabling an easy conversion by Bernie Purcell for the Rabbitohs to take a one-point lead.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 18], "section_span": [20, 39], "content_span": [40, 550]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072912-0009-0000", "contents": "1955 NSWRFL season, Finals, Grand Final\nA last gasp long-range penalty goal attempt from Bluebags fullback Gordon Clifford was unsuccessful and Souths won by a single point. Despite being the best performed side for two successive seasons Newtown had nothing in the trophy cabinet to show for it. Souths had timed an extraordinary premiership run to absolute perfection.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 18], "section_span": [20, 39], "content_span": [40, 370]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072912-0010-0000", "contents": "1955 NSWRFL season, Finals, Grand Final\nJack Rayner's fifth grand final win that day stands along with Ken Kearney's five wins by 1960 as the most number of grand final successes by an individual as captain. As captain-coach for all of those wins Rayner was thus also the first man to coach a side to five grand final victories, a record subsequently matched by Jack Gibson and beaten in 2006 by Wayne Bennett.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 18], "section_span": [20, 39], "content_span": [40, 410]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072913-0000-0000", "contents": "1955 National Challenge Cup\nThe 1955 National Challenge Cup was the 42nd edition of the United States Soccer Football Association's annual open soccer championship.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [27, 27], "content_span": [28, 164]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072914-0000-0000", "contents": "1955 National Invitation Tournament\nThe 1955 National Invitation Tournament was the 1955 edition of the annual NCAA college basketball competition.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [35, 35], "content_span": [36, 147]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072914-0001-0000", "contents": "1955 National Invitation Tournament, Selected teams\nBelow is a list of the 12 teams selected for the tournament.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 51], "content_span": [52, 112]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072915-0000-0000", "contents": "1955 Nations motorcycle Grand Prix\nThe 1955 Nations motorcycle Grand Prix was the eighth and final round of the 1955 Grand Prix motorcycle racing season. It took place on 4 September 1955 at the Autodromo Nazionale Monza.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [34, 34], "content_span": [35, 221]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072916-0000-0000", "contents": "1955 Nauruan Local Government Council election\nElections for the Local Government Council were held in Nauru on 10 December 1955.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 46], "section_span": [46, 46], "content_span": [47, 129]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072916-0001-0000", "contents": "1955 Nauruan Local Government Council election, Background\nSince the first elections in 1951, the Local Government Council had gained more powers as in 1954 it had been given full access to the Nauru Royalty Trust Fund in order to pay for education.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 46], "section_span": [48, 58], "content_span": [59, 249]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072916-0002-0000", "contents": "1955 Nauruan Local Government Council election, Electoral system\nThe fourteen districts of Nauru were grouped into eight constituencies. Seven constituencies elected one member, whilst one elected two. The election was held under universal suffrage and any eligible voter could stand as a candidate. A total of 39 candidates stood in the election, an increase from 21 in the first elections.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 46], "section_span": [48, 64], "content_span": [65, 391]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072916-0003-0000", "contents": "1955 Nauruan Local Government Council election, Results\nOf the 832 registered voters, 803 cast votes of which 14 were invalid. Only three of the nine members were re-elected.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 46], "section_span": [48, 55], "content_span": [56, 174]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072916-0004-0000", "contents": "1955 Nauruan Local Government Council election, Aftermath\nHammer DeRoburt was elected in the Boe constituency and was elected Head Chief by the council.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 46], "section_span": [48, 57], "content_span": [58, 152]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072917-0000-0000", "contents": "1955 Navy Midshipmen football team\nThe 1955 Navy Midshipmen football team represented the United States Naval Academy (USNA) as an independent during the 1955 college football season. They began the season ranked No. 8 in the pre-season AP Poll. The team was led by sixth-year head coach Eddie Erdelatz.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [34, 34], "content_span": [35, 303]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072918-0000-0000", "contents": "1955 Nebraska Cornhuskers football team\nThe 1955 Nebraska Cornhuskers football team was the representative of the University of Nebraska and member of the Big 7 Conference in the 1955 college football season. The team was coached by Bill Glassford and played their home games at Memorial Stadium in Lincoln, Nebraska.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [39, 39], "content_span": [40, 317]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072918-0001-0000", "contents": "1955 Nebraska Cornhuskers football team, Before the season\nCoach Glassford returned for a seventh season, having survived pressure to step down at the end of the 1953 season by guiding the Cornhuskers through their first-ever 11-game season and to their first Orange Bowl appearance, though that had as much to do with the Big 7's no-repeat rule that prevented Big 7 champion Oklahoma from representing the league for consecutive years, as anything Glassford had accomplished with his own squad. Two new faces appeared on the coaching staff, one of them a former Cornhusker quarterback. The seasons under Coach Glassford had alternated between winning and losing records, and with last year's 6-5 result, history suggested that the Cornhuskers might be up for another down campaign, unless Glassford could break the pattern.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 58], "content_span": [59, 824]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072918-0002-0000", "contents": "1955 Nebraska Cornhuskers football team, Games, Hawaii\nAt the conclusion of the previous season, Nebraska traveled to Hawaii and dealt the Rainbows a severe 50-0 defeat. While Nebraska went on to play in the postseason at the 1955 Orange Bowl, Hawaii's season ended on the sour note, leaving the Rainbow squad to stew over the summer. The return visit in the home-and-home series was arranged as the first contest of the year for both teams, and so it was that Hawaii's arrival in Lincoln to open the 1955 slate was their second straight contest with the Cornhuskers.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 54], "content_span": [55, 567]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072918-0002-0001", "contents": "1955 Nebraska Cornhuskers football team, Games, Hawaii\nWhether Nebraska overlooked the Rainbows or the Hawaii team was bent on payback, the end result was a lackluster Nebraska showing as Hawaii fought off all Cornhusker scoring attempts for the day. Nebraska never got closer than the Rainbow 13-yard line, yet Hawaii snuck through the Nebraska defenses to secure a single touchdown. Nebraska thus suffered a demoralizing shutout loss to start the season, the first opening blank since 1947.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 54], "content_span": [55, 492]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072918-0003-0000", "contents": "1955 Nebraska Cornhuskers football team, Games, Ohio State\nStung by the humiliating loss to Hawaii, the Nebraska team put up a much more convincing effort against the reigning Big 10 and Rose Bowl champion Ohio State Buckeyes, who had also finished 1954 at #1 atop the AP Poll. The Cornhuskers even managed to briefly hold the lead in Columbus during the second quarter, but the Buckeyes held on to pull away by eight points. Ohio State notched the first win in the series between the squads, and went on to finish 1955 with a 7-2 record and ranked #5 by the AP.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 58], "content_span": [59, 562]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072918-0004-0000", "contents": "1955 Nebraska Cornhuskers football team, Games, Kansas State\nThe Nebraska football players traveled to Manhattan with a chip on their shoulder, having dropped the first two games of the year and wanting to break the pattern that seemed to doom them to a losing season. Kansas State was in the wrong place at the wrong time, and the Wildcats were swept aside when the Cornhusker machine finally came to life in the third quarter to start the scoring. By the final whistle, Nebraska had a shutout victory of their own to hold onto, had snapped their two-game skid to the Wildcats, and improved to 31-6-2 over Kansas State all-time.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 60], "content_span": [61, 629]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072918-0005-0000", "contents": "1955 Nebraska Cornhuskers football team, Games, Texas A&M\nNebraska welcomed Texas A&M back to Lincoln for the second time, having not met the Aggies on the field since their initial meeting, a 13-0 win in 1930. Apparently Texas A&M remembered the shutout, as they returned the favor 25 years later, finding the end zone three times in the second quarter to stun the Cornhuskers into submission, shutting them out 0-27 on the day,  and knocking Nebraska down to a 1-3 start on the season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 57], "content_span": [58, 487]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072918-0006-0000", "contents": "1955 Nebraska Cornhuskers football team, Games, Pittsburgh\nDown on their luck so early in the season, a weary Cornhusker team made their way to Pittsburgh to face the rival Panthers who held a commanding series lead of 13-3-3, seeming to always have Nebraska's number. Today was more of the same as Pitt overcame an initial Cornhusker lead to roll off 21 unanswered points to send Nebraska home with yet another defeat by the Panthers on the books.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 58], "content_span": [59, 448]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072918-0007-0000", "contents": "1955 Nebraska Cornhuskers football team, Games, Missouri\nMissouri could have made a game of this contest and likely would have been victorious save for a lost fumble converted into a touchdown, an interception returned for a touchdown, and a punt returned for a touchdown. Missouri punched in two of their own touchdowns, which was not enough to extract a win in Columbus. The Cornhusker victory moved Nebraska to 27-18-3 in the series and kept the Victory Bell in Lincoln for another year.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 56], "content_span": [57, 490]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072918-0008-0000", "contents": "1955 Nebraska Cornhuskers football team, Games, Kansas\nKansas smelled blood in the water as Nebraska struggled to recover the season, and fought bravely in Lincoln to overcome Nebraska's initial score and hold the lead for a time at 14-6. Somehow the beleaguered Cornhuskers overcame the challenge to put more points up and sent the Jayhawks home without a win. It was the 4th Nebraska win in a row against Kansas, advancing the series to 45-13-3 overall.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 54], "content_span": [55, 455]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072918-0009-0000", "contents": "1955 Nebraska Cornhuskers football team, Games, Iowa State\nThe Cornhuskers claimed their tenth straight win over the Cyclones in Ames, keeping their season conference record unblemished to date. Iowa State finally managed to put points on the board in the 4th quarter, drawing up to 7-10, but Nebraska turned away all further scoring attempts and held on for the win, improving to 40-8-1 in the series.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 58], "content_span": [59, 402]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072918-0010-0000", "contents": "1955 Nebraska Cornhuskers football team, Games, Colorado\nNebraska shocked the Buffaloes by jumping out to a 21-0 lead early in the first quarter of the game. Though Colorado made a respectable counterattack to put up two scores of their own by the half, and a subsequent Cornhusker kickoff fumble on their own 20 briefly put the game back in doubt. The Nebraska defense stood firm to overcome the blunder, and the Cornhuskers never looked back on their way to improving to 9-5-0 in the series. Remaining undefeated in conference play, this win set up Nebraska to meet Oklahoma for the conference title.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 56], "content_span": [57, 602]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072918-0011-0000", "contents": "1955 Nebraska Cornhuskers football team, Games, Oklahoma\nThe Oklahoma Sooners arrived in Lincoln to defend the conference championship, ranked #1 by the AP Poll. Both teams were undefeated in Big 7 play on the season, which meant that this game would decide the conference title for 1955. The Sooners managed to put in two touchdowns in the first half, while Nebraska fought to keep the game respectable by pulling up as close as the Oklahoma 8 yard line at one point.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 56], "content_span": [57, 468]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072918-0011-0001", "contents": "1955 Nebraska Cornhuskers football team, Games, Oklahoma\nThe second half told a different story as the Cornhuskers were no longer able to stave off the attack, and fell under the weight of an additional four Oklahoma scores. This was the 13th straight Nebraska loss to Oklahoma, an ongoing record Nebraska losing streak to any single team, but was more painful in that the Sooners had finally drawn up and evened the series record to 16-16-3.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 56], "content_span": [57, 442]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072918-0012-0000", "contents": "1955 Nebraska Cornhuskers football team, After the season\nCoach Glassford's up-and-down career pattern of alternating winning and losing seasons was finally broken, though instead of the losing season that seemed foretold, he also failed to come up with a winning season, as the Nebraska Cornhuskers finished evenly at 5-5-0 overall.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 57], "content_span": [58, 333]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072918-0012-0001", "contents": "1955 Nebraska Cornhuskers football team, After the season\nWithin conference play, the story was improved, as Nebraska's only loss was to the national championship Oklahoma team, leaving the Cornhuskers up at #2 in the Big 7. Coach Glassford decided at the conclusion of the 1955 campaign to exercise an option in his coaching contract, and stepped down from the position with a final seven-year Nebraska overall record of 31-35-3 (.471) and a conference record of 23-18-1 (.560)   During his tenure, the football program's records fell to 347-183-34 (.645) overall and 143-55-12 (.710) within the league. Coach Glassford retired from athletics to pursue other career opportunities.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 57], "content_span": [58, 681]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072919-0000-0000", "contents": "1955 Nemzeti Bajnoks\u00e1g I, Overview\nIt was contested by 14 teams, and Budapest Honv\u00e9d FC won the championship.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 34], "content_span": [35, 109]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072920-0000-0000", "contents": "1955 Netherlands Antilles island council elections\nIsland council elections were held in the Netherlands Antilles in 1955. They were the second elections for the Island Council.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 50], "section_span": [50, 50], "content_span": [51, 177]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072920-0001-0000", "contents": "1955 Netherlands Antilles island council elections, Aruba\nThree parties participated, which had participated in 1951; the Aruban Patriotic Party, Aruban People's Party and Aruba National Union (which had been two parties in the 1951 elections; UNA-I and UNA-II).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 50], "section_span": [52, 57], "content_span": [58, 262]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072920-0002-0000", "contents": "1955 Netherlands Antilles island council elections, Sint Maarten\nThe result was a victory for the Democratic Party, which won four of the five Island Council seats.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 50], "section_span": [52, 64], "content_span": [65, 164]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072921-0000-0000", "contents": "1955 Nevada Wolf Pack football team\nThe 1955 Nevada Wolf Pack football team represented the University of Nevada during the 1955 college football season. Nevada competed as a member of the Far Western Conference (FWC). The Wolf Pack were led by first-year head coach Gordon McEachron and played their home games at Mackay Stadium.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [35, 35], "content_span": [36, 330]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072921-0001-0000", "contents": "1955 Nevada Wolf Pack football team, Previous season\nThe Wolf Pack finished the 1954 season 2\u20135 and 2\u20133 in FWC play to finish in fourth place. Head coach Jake Lawlor resigned and was replaced by Gordon McEachron.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 52], "content_span": [53, 212]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072922-0000-0000", "contents": "1955 New Hampshire Wildcats football team\nThe 1955 New Hampshire Wildcats football team was an American football team that represented the University of New Hampshire as a member of the Yankee Conference during the 1955 college football season. In its seventh year under head coach Chief Boston, the team compiled a 2\u20134\u20132 record (1\u20131\u20132 against conference opponents) and finished fourth out of six teams in the Yankee Conference.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 41], "section_span": [41, 41], "content_span": [42, 428]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072923-0000-0000", "contents": "1955 New Mexico A&M Aggies football team\nThe 1955 New Mexico A&M Aggies football team was an American football team that represented New Mexico College of Agriculture and Mechanical Arts (now known as New Mexico State University) as a member of the Border Conference during the 1955 college football season. In their first year under head coach Tony Cavallo, the Aggies compiled a 3\u20137 record (0\u20134 against conference opponents), finished last in the conference, and were outscored by a total of 226 to 141. The team played its home games at Memorial Stadium.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [40, 40], "content_span": [41, 557]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072924-0000-0000", "contents": "1955 New Mexico Lobos football team\nThe 1955 New Mexico Lobos football team represented the University of New Mexico in the Skyline Conference during the 1955 college football season. In their third and final season under head coach Bob Titchenal, the Lobos compiled a 2\u20138 record (1\u20135 against Skyline opponents), finished seventh in the conference, were shutout in five games (including four in a row), and were outscored by all opponents by a total of 213 to 61.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [35, 35], "content_span": [36, 463]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072924-0001-0000", "contents": "1955 New Mexico Lobos football team\nAfter the season ended, the student newspaper (the Lobo) published an editorial criticizing Titchenal for the team's poor showing, pointing out that the university had expended $80,000 for football players since 1953 and noting that the teams had gotten steadily worse under Titchenal. Titchenal responded with a press conference in which he stated that he had done the best he could under university policy, which did not allow him to grant athletic scholarships and which had cut the team's equipment budget in half. Titchenal was ultimately fired as the school's football coach on December 7, 1955.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [35, 35], "content_span": [36, 637]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072925-0000-0000", "contents": "1955 New Year Honours\nThe New Year Honours 1955 were appointments in many of the Commonwealth realms of Queen Elizabeth II to various orders and honours to reward and highlight good works by citizens of those countries. They were announced on 1 January 1955 to celebrate the year passed and mark the beginning of 1955.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [21, 21], "content_span": [22, 318]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072925-0001-0000", "contents": "1955 New Year Honours\nThe recipients of honours are displayed here as they were styled before their new honour, and arranged by honour, with classes (Knight, Knight Grand Cross, etc.) and then divisions (Military, Civil, etc.) as appropriate.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [21, 21], "content_span": [22, 242]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072925-0002-0000", "contents": "1955 New Year Honours, United Kingdom and Colonies, Royal Victorian Order, Member of the Royal Victorian Order (MVO)\nAt this time the two lowest classes of the Royal Victorian Order were \"Member (fourth class)\" and \"Member (fifth class)\", both with post-nominal letters MVO. \"Member (fourth class)\" was renamed \"Lieutenant\" (LVO) from the 1985 New Year Honours onwards.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [23, 116], "content_span": [117, 369]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072926-0000-0000", "contents": "1955 New Year Honours (New Zealand)\nThe 1955 New Year Honours in New Zealand were appointments by Elizabeth II on the advice of the New Zealand government to various orders and honours to reward and highlight good works by New Zealanders. The awards celebrated the passing of 1954 and the beginning of 1955, and were announced on 1 January 1955.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [35, 35], "content_span": [36, 345]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072926-0001-0000", "contents": "1955 New Year Honours (New Zealand)\nThe recipients of honours are displayed here as they were styled before their new honour.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [35, 35], "content_span": [36, 125]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072927-0000-0000", "contents": "1955 New York Film Critics Circle Awards\nThe 21st New York Film Critics Circle Awards honored the best filmmaking of 1955.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [40, 40], "content_span": [41, 122]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072928-0000-0000", "contents": "1955 New York Giants (MLB) season\nThe 1955 New York Giants season was the franchise's 73rd season. The team finished in third place in the National League with an 80-74 record, 18\u00bd games behind the Brooklyn Dodgers. The season ended with the Phillies turning a triple play with the winning run at home plate.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [33, 33], "content_span": [34, 308]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072928-0001-0000", "contents": "1955 New York Giants (MLB) season, Player stats, Batting, Starters by position\nNote: Pos = Position; G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 78], "content_span": [79, 203]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072928-0002-0000", "contents": "1955 New York Giants (MLB) season, Player stats, Batting, Other batters\nNote: G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 71], "content_span": [72, 180]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072928-0003-0000", "contents": "1955 New York Giants (MLB) season, Player stats, Pitching, Starting pitchers\nNote: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 76], "content_span": [77, 187]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072928-0004-0000", "contents": "1955 New York Giants (MLB) season, Player stats, Pitching, Other pitchers\nNote: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 73], "content_span": [74, 184]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072928-0005-0000", "contents": "1955 New York Giants (MLB) season, Player stats, Pitching, Relief pitchers\nNote: G = Games pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; SV = Saves; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 74], "content_span": [75, 175]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072928-0006-0000", "contents": "1955 New York Giants (MLB) season, Farm system\nLEAGUE CHAMPIONS: Minneapolis, Danville, St. Cloud; LEAGUE CO-CHAMPIONS: SandersvilleWilkes-Barre franchise transferred to Johnstown and renamed, July 1, 1955", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 46], "content_span": [47, 205]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072929-0000-0000", "contents": "1955 New York Giants season\nThe 1955 New York Giants season was the franchise's 31st season in the National Football League. It was also the Giants' last season playing their home games at the Polo Grounds before moving to Yankee Stadium the following year. The Giants were attempting to improve on their 7\u20135 record from 1954. The Giants finished with a 6\u20135\u20131 record, finishing in third place and missing the playoffs.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [27, 27], "content_span": [28, 418]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072929-0001-0000", "contents": "1955 New York Giants season, Schedule, Standings\nNote: Tie games were not officially counted in the standings until 1972.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 48], "content_span": [49, 121]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072930-0000-0000", "contents": "1955 New York Yankees season\nThe 1955 New York Yankees season was the team's 53rd season in New York, and its 55th season overall. The team finished with a record of 96\u201358, winning their 21st pennant, finishing 3 games ahead of the Cleveland Indians. New York was managed by Casey Stengel. The Yankees played their home games at Yankee Stadium. In the World Series, they were defeated by the Brooklyn Dodgers in 7 games.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [28, 28], "content_span": [29, 420]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072930-0001-0000", "contents": "1955 New York Yankees season, Player stats, Batting, Starters by position\nNote: Pos = Position; G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 73], "content_span": [74, 198]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072930-0002-0000", "contents": "1955 New York Yankees season, Player stats, Batting, Other batters\nNote: G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 66], "content_span": [67, 175]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072930-0003-0000", "contents": "1955 New York Yankees season, Player stats, Pitching, Starting pitchers\nNote: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 71], "content_span": [72, 182]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072930-0004-0000", "contents": "1955 New York Yankees season, Player stats, Pitching, Other pitchers\nNote: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 68], "content_span": [69, 179]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072930-0005-0000", "contents": "1955 New York Yankees season, Player stats, Pitching, Relief pitchers\nNote: G = Games pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; SV = Saves; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 69], "content_span": [70, 170]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072930-0006-0000", "contents": "1955 New York Yankees season, 1955 World Series\nIn game one on September 28, Elston Howard became the sixth player in the history of the World Series to hit a home run in his first World Series at bat.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 47], "content_span": [48, 201]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072930-0007-0000", "contents": "1955 New York Yankees season, 1955 World Series\nNL Brooklyn Dodgers (4) vs. AL New York Yankees (3)", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 47], "content_span": [48, 99]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072931-0000-0000", "contents": "1955 New Zealand Grand Prix\nThe 1955 New Zealand Grand Prix was a motor race held at the Ardmore Circuit on 8 January 1955.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [27, 27], "content_span": [28, 123]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072932-0000-0000", "contents": "1955 New Zealand rugby league season\nThe 1955 New Zealand rugby league season was the 48th season of rugby league that had been played in New Zealand.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [36, 36], "content_span": [37, 150]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072932-0001-0000", "contents": "1955 New Zealand rugby league season, International competitions\nNew Zealand drew a series against France, 1-all. The New Zealand side for the Test series included; Roy Moore, Bob Hawes, Ron McKay, captain Tommy Baxter, Bruce Robertson, Bill Sorensen, Pat Creedy, Cliff Johnson, Lory Blanchard, Bill McLennan, George McDonald, Jock Butterfield, Alister Atkinson, Jim Riddell and George Menzies.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 64], "content_span": [65, 394]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072932-0002-0000", "contents": "1955 New Zealand rugby league season, International competitions\nCanterbury defeated the touring French side 24-12, while Auckland defeated France 17-15. Auckland included Dick Haggie, Vern Bakalich, captain Tommy Baxter, Cyril Eastlake, Royce Craike, Bill Sorensen, Sel Belsham, Joe Ratima, Arch McInteer, Henry Maxwell, Jim Riddell, Keith Bell and Ian Grey. France defeated the West Coast 18-12, Wellington 19-14, Taranaki 46-17 but lost to the New Zealand M\u0101ori 28-20.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 64], "content_span": [65, 471]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072932-0003-0000", "contents": "1955 New Zealand rugby league season, International competitions\nNew Zealand then toured Great Britain and France, losing both Test series 1-2. The team was coached by Harold Tetley and included; Roy Moore, captain Tommy Baxter, Bruce Robertson, Bill Sorensen, Vern Bakalich, Pat Creedy, Bill McLennan, Trevor Kilkelly, Henry Maxwell, Ian Grey, Alister Atkinson, George McDonald, Dick Haggie, Bob Hawes, Ron McKay, Keith Roberts, Les McNicol, Lory Blanchard, John Bond, Jock Butterfield, Sel Belsham, Rex Percy, Jim Riddell and George Menzies. Cliff Johnson was originally selected but withdrew and was replaced by Maxwell. Vern Bakalich scored a then record twenty six tries while on tour. The Kiwis were so ravaged by injuries that they only had twelve fully fit players available for the final Test against France.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 64], "content_span": [65, 817]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072932-0004-0000", "contents": "1955 New Zealand rugby league season, National competitions, Northern Union Cup\nAuckland again held the Northern Union Cup at the end of the season. During the season the West Coast also held the trophy.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 79], "content_span": [80, 203]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072932-0005-0000", "contents": "1955 New Zealand rugby league season, National competitions, Inter-district competition\nCanterbury hosted two teams during Queen's Birthday weekend; they defeated Wellington 14-5 on the Saturday and the West Coast 17-15 on the Monday. Both games were played at the Show Grounds. Later in the season they drew 18-all with Auckland at Carlaw Park in June and lost 8-19 to the West Coast in a Northern Union Cup challenge at Wingham Park. Auckland also hosted the West Coast at Carlaw Park, drawing 19-all in May.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 87], "content_span": [88, 510]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072932-0006-0000", "contents": "1955 New Zealand rugby league season, National competitions, Inter-district competition\nAuckland included Bill Sorensen, Ron McKay and Ian Grey. Canterbury included Trevor Kilkelly, Lory Blanchard, Jock Butterfield, John Bond, Pat Creedy, Keith Roberts and Alister Atkinson. The West Coast included George Menzies and Bill McLennan.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 87], "content_span": [88, 332]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072932-0007-0000", "contents": "1955 New Zealand rugby league season, Club competitions, Auckland\nRichmond won the Auckland Rugby League's Fox Memorial Trophy. They shared the Rukutai Shield with North Shore. Ellerslie won the Roope Rooster and Stormont Shield.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 65], "content_span": [66, 229]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072932-0008-0000", "contents": "1955 New Zealand rugby league season, Club competitions, Other Competitions\nSydenham defeated Greymouth Marist 22-13 to win the Thacker Shield.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 75], "content_span": [76, 143]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072933-0000-0000", "contents": "1955 Nippon Professional Baseball season\nThe 1955 Nippon Professional Baseball season was the sixth season of operation of Nippon Professional Baseball (NPB).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [40, 40], "content_span": [41, 158]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072934-0000-0000", "contents": "1955 North Carolina Tar Heels football team\nThe 1955 North Carolina Tar Heels football team represented the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill during the 1955 college football season. The Tar Heels were led by third-year head coach George T. Barclay, and played their home games at Kenan Memorial Stadium. The team competed as a member of the Atlantic Coast Conference, finishing in fifth.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 43], "section_span": [43, 43], "content_span": [44, 398]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072934-0001-0000", "contents": "1955 North Carolina Tar Heels football team\nFollowing the conclusion of the season, Barclay's coaching contract expired and was not renewed by UNC. He did not produce a winning season in his three years as head coach, finishing with an overall record of 11\u201318\u20131.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 43], "section_span": [43, 43], "content_span": [44, 262]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072935-0000-0000", "contents": "1955 North Dakota Fighting Sioux football team\nThe 1955 North Dakota Fighting Sioux football team, also known as the Nodaks, was an American football team that represented the University of North Dakota in the North Central Conference (NCC) during the 1955 college football season. In its sixth year under head coach Frank Zazula, the team compiled a 6\u20133 record (3\u20133 against NCC opponents), tied for fourth place out of seven teams in the NCC, and outscored opponents by a total of 183 to 86. The team played its home games at Memorial Stadium in Grand Forks, North Dakota.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 46], "section_span": [46, 46], "content_span": [47, 573]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072936-0000-0000", "contents": "1955 North Dakota State Bison football team\nThe 1955 North Dakota State Bison football team was an American football team that represented North Dakota State University during the 1955 college football season as a member of the North Central Conference. In their second year under head coach Del Anderson, the team compiled a 0\u20139 record.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 43], "section_span": [43, 43], "content_span": [44, 337]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072937-0000-0000", "contents": "1955 North Texas State Eagles football team\nThe 1955 North Texas State Eagles football team represented North Texas State College\u2014now known as the University of North Texas\u2014as a member of the Gulf Coast Conference (GCC) during the 1955 college football season. Led by tenth-year head coach Odus Mitchell, the Eagles compiled an overall record of 5\u20134\u20131 with a mark of 2\u20131 in conference play, sharing the GCC title with Abilene Christian. The game against Chattanooga on November 5 counted in the conference standing even though Chattanooga was not a member of the GCC.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 43], "section_span": [43, 43], "content_span": [44, 567]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072938-0000-0000", "contents": "1955 Northeast Louisiana State Indians football team\nThe 1955 Northeast Louisiana State Indians football team was an American football team that represented Northeast Louisiana State College (now known as the University of Louisiana at Monroe) in the Gulf States Conference during the 1955 college football season. In their second year under head coach Devone Payne, the team compiled a 4\u20136 record.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 52], "section_span": [52, 52], "content_span": [53, 398]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072939-0000-0000", "contents": "1955 Northern Illinois State Huskies football team\nThe 1955 Northern Illinois State Huskies football team represented Northern Illinois State College in the 1955 college football season. There were no divisions of college football during this time period, and the Huskies competed in the Interstate Intercollegiate Athletic Conference. They were led by first-year head coach Bob Kahler and played their home games at the 5,500 seat Glidden Field, located on the east end of campus.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 50], "section_span": [50, 50], "content_span": [51, 481]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072940-0000-0000", "contents": "1955 Northwestern Wildcats football team\nThe 1955 Northwestern Wildcats team represented Northwestern University during the 1955 Big Ten Conference football season. In their first year under head coach Lou Saban, the Wildcats compiled a 0\u20138\u20131 record (0\u20136\u20131 against Big Ten Conference opponents), finished in last place in the Big Ten, and were outscored by their opponents by a combined total of 241 to 66.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [40, 40], "content_span": [41, 406]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072941-0000-0000", "contents": "1955 Norwegian Football Cup\nThe 1955 Norwegian Football Cup was the 50th season of the Norwegian annual knockout football tournament. The tournament was open for all members of NFF, except those from Northern Norway. The final was played at Ullevaal Stadion in Oslo on 23 October 1955, and was contested the defending champions Skeid, and Lillestr\u00f8m, who also lost the final in 1953. Skeid successfully defended their title with a 5\u20130 victory in the final.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [27, 27], "content_span": [28, 456]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072943-0000-0000", "contents": "1955 Notre Dame Fighting Irish football team\nThe 1955 Notre Dame Fighting Irish football team represented the University of Notre Dame during the 1955 college football season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [44, 44], "content_span": [45, 175]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072944-0000-0000", "contents": "1955 Occidental Tigers football team\nThe 1955 Occidental Tigers football team represented Occidental College in the Southern California Intercollegiate Athletic Conference (SCIAC) during the 1955 college football season. In their 11th season under head coach Roy Dennis, the Tigers compiled a 6\u20132 record (2\u20132 against SCIAC opponents) and outscored opponents by a total of 141 to 69. The team played its home games at Patterson Field in Los Angeles.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [36, 36], "content_span": [37, 448]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072944-0001-0000", "contents": "1955 Occidental Tigers football team\nTwo Occidental players were selected as first-team players on the 1955 All-SCIAC team: junior end Jim Mora and senior fullback Don Lyon. Three others were named to the second team: junior quarterback Jack Kemp, junior tackle Ron Botchan, and senior guard Manuel Murietta. Lyon led the SCIAC in rushing with 478 yards; Mora led the league in receiving with 19 catches for 319 yards; Kemp led the league with 70.1 passing yards per game.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [36, 36], "content_span": [37, 472]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072944-0002-0000", "contents": "1955 Occidental Tigers football team\nThree members of Occidental's 1955 team went on to play professional football: Jack Kemp; Jim Mora; and Ron Botchan.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [36, 36], "content_span": [37, 153]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072945-0000-0000", "contents": "1955 Ohio Bobcats football team\nThe 1955 Ohio Bobcats football team was an American football team that represented Ohio University in the Mid-American Conference (MAC) during the 1955 college football season. In their eighth season under head coach Carroll Widdoes, the Bobcats compiled a 5\u20134 record (3\u20133 against MAC opponents), finished in fourth place in the MAC, and outscored all opponents by a combined total of 166 to 134.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [31, 31], "content_span": [32, 428]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072946-0000-0000", "contents": "1955 Ohio State Buckeyes football team\nThe 1955 Ohio State Buckeyes football team represented the Ohio State University in the 1955 Big Ten Conference football season. The Buckeyes compiled a 7\u20132 record.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [38, 38], "content_span": [39, 203]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072947-0000-0000", "contents": "1955 Oklahoma A&M Aggies baseball team\nThe 1955 Oklahoma A&M Aggies baseball team represented the Oklahoma Agricultural and Mechanical College in the 1955 NCAA baseball season. The team was coached by Toby Greene in his 12th year at Oklahoma A&M.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [38, 38], "content_span": [39, 246]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072947-0001-0000", "contents": "1955 Oklahoma A&M Aggies baseball team\nThe Aggies won the District V Playoff to advanced to the College World Series, where they were defeated by the Wake Forest Demon Deacons.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [38, 38], "content_span": [39, 176]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072948-0000-0000", "contents": "1955 Oklahoma A&M Cowboys football team\nThe 1955 Oklahoma A&M Cowboys football team represented Oklahoma Agricultural and Mechanical College (later renamed Oklahoma State University\u2013Stillwater) in the Missouri Valley Conference during the 1955 college football season. In their first season under head coach Cliff Speegle, the Cowboys compiled a 2\u20138 record (1\u20133 against conference opponents), tied for last place in the conference, and were outscored by opponents by a combined total of 172 to 88.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [39, 39], "content_span": [40, 497]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072948-0001-0000", "contents": "1955 Oklahoma A&M Cowboys football team\nOn offense, the 1955 team averaged 8.8 points scored, 144.1 rushing yards, and 81.7 passing yards per game. On defense, the team allowed an average of 17.2 points scored, 237.5 rushing yards and 64.8 passing yards per game. The team's statistical leaders included fullback Earl Lunsford with 596 rushing yards and 30 points scored, Tom Pontius with 764 passing yards, and Chester Spencer with 319 receiving yards.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [39, 39], "content_span": [40, 453]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072948-0002-0000", "contents": "1955 Oklahoma A&M Cowboys football team\nThe team played its home games at Lewis Field in Stillwater, Oklahoma.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [39, 39], "content_span": [40, 110]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072948-0003-0000", "contents": "1955 Oklahoma A&M Cowboys football team, After the season\nThe 1956 NFL Draft was held on January 17\u201318, 1956. The following Cowboys were selected.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 57], "content_span": [58, 146]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072949-0000-0000", "contents": "1955 Oklahoma Sooners football team\nThe 1955 Oklahoma Sooners football team represented the University of Oklahoma in the 1955 college football season, the 61st season of Sooner football. Led by ninth-year head coach Bud Wilkinson, they played their home games at Oklahoma Memorial Stadium in Norman, Oklahoma, and were members of the Big Seven Conference.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [35, 35], "content_span": [36, 356]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072949-0001-0000", "contents": "1955 Oklahoma Sooners football team\nOklahoma opened the season ranked third in the polls, and were led on offense by quarterback Jimmy Harris. The Sooners finished the regular season 10\u20130 (6\u20130 in Big 7), while winning their tenth consecutive Big 7 title and their 16th conference title overall.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [35, 35], "content_span": [36, 294]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072949-0002-0000", "contents": "1955 Oklahoma Sooners football team\nThey were invited to the Orange Bowl in Miami on January 2, where they defeated the Maryland Terrapins 20\u20136; trailing by six at halftime, Oklahoma outscored Maryland 20\u20130 in the second half. The Sooners claimed their second national championship and continued their record-setting winning streak, which was now at thirty games. It continued for nearly two more seasons, until stopped at 47 in November 1957.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [35, 35], "content_span": [36, 443]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072949-0003-0000", "contents": "1955 Oklahoma Sooners football team, Postseason, NFL draft\nThe following players were drafted into the National Football League following the season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 58], "content_span": [59, 149]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072950-0000-0000", "contents": "1955 Ole Miss Rebels football team\nThe 1955 Ole Miss Rebels football team represented the University of Mississippi during the 1955 college football season. The Rebels were led by ninth-year head coach Johnny Vaught and played their home games at Hemingway Stadium in Oxford, Mississippi (and one alternate site game in Jackson, Mississippi). Ole Miss was champion of the Southeastern Conference for the second consecutive season, finishing the regular season with a record of 9\u20131 (5\u20131 SEC), ranked 10th in the final AP Poll. They were invited to the 1956 Cotton Bowl Classic, where they defeated TCU, 14\u201313.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [34, 34], "content_span": [35, 608]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072951-0000-0000", "contents": "1955 Omloop Het Volk\nThe 1955 Omloop Het Volk was the 11th edition of the Omloop Het Volk cycle race and was held on 6 March 1955. The race started and finished in Ghent. The race was won by Lode Anthonis.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [20, 20], "content_span": [21, 205]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072952-0000-0000", "contents": "1955 Ontario general election\nThe 1955 Ontario general election was held on June 9, 1955, to elect the 98 members of the 25th Legislative Assembly of Ontario (Members of Provincial Parliament, or \"MPPs\") of the Province of Ontario.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [29, 29], "content_span": [30, 231]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072952-0001-0000", "contents": "1955 Ontario general election\nThe Ontario Progressive Conservative Party, led by Leslie Frost, won a fifth consecutive term in office, increasing its caucus in the legislature from 79 in the previous election to 83.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [29, 29], "content_span": [30, 215]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072952-0002-0000", "contents": "1955 Ontario general election\nThe Ontario Liberal Party, again led by Farquhar Oliver, won three additional seats in the enlarged legislature, increasing its caucus from 8 to 11, and continuing in the role of official opposition. Liberal-Labour MPP Albert Wren was re-elected and continued to sit with the Liberal caucus.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [29, 29], "content_span": [30, 321]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072952-0003-0000", "contents": "1955 Ontario general election\nThe social democratic Co-operative Commonwealth Federation (CCF), led by Donald C. MacDonald, won one additional seat, for a total of three.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [29, 29], "content_span": [30, 170]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072952-0004-0000", "contents": "1955 Ontario general election\nThe Labor-Progressive Party (which was the Communist Party) lost its last remaining seat with the defeat of J.B. Salsberg.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [29, 29], "content_span": [30, 152]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072953-0000-0000", "contents": "1955 Open Championship\nThe 1955 Open Championship was the 84th Open Championship, played 6\u20138 July at the Old Course in St Andrews, Scotland. Peter Thomson won the second of three consecutive Open titles, two strokes ahead of runner-up John Fallon. Thomson won a total of five Claret Jugs, the last in 1965.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [22, 22], "content_span": [23, 306]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072953-0001-0000", "contents": "1955 Open Championship\nQualifying took place on 4\u20135 July, Monday and Tuesday, with 18 holes on the Old Course and 18 holes on the New Course. The number of qualifiers was limited to a maximum of 100, and ties for 100th place did not qualify. On Monday, Frank Jowle scored 63 on the New Course, and after a 72 on the Old Course the next day he led the qualifiers at 135, a shot ahead of Laurie Ayton. The qualifying score was 148 and 94 players advanced to the first round on Wednesday.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [22, 22], "content_span": [23, 485]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072953-0002-0000", "contents": "1955 Open Championship\nThree shot 69 in the opening round on Wednesday; after the second round on Thursday, three shared the 36-hole lead at 139: Eric Brown, Dennis Smalldon, and Thomson, with Fallon a stroke back in fourth. The maximum number of players making the cut was set at fifty, and ties for 50th place were not included. Five Americans were in the field of 94, three professionals and two amateurs. All five made the cut, and the top U.S. finisher was Ed Furgol in a tie for 19th place. Byron Nelson, whose only previous appearance at The Open was a fifth-place finish in 1937, tied for 32nd. The two amateurs finished in the top thirty.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [22, 22], "content_span": [23, 647]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072953-0003-0000", "contents": "1955 Open Championship\nPreviously the 17th hole (the \"Road Hole\") was a par 5; for this Open it became a par 4, which reduced the course par from 73 to 72.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [22, 22], "content_span": [23, 155]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072953-0004-0000", "contents": "1955 Open Championship\nThe winner's share was increased from \u00a3750 to \u00a31,000, while the others were unchanged, bringing the total purse to \u00a33,750.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [22, 22], "content_span": [23, 145]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072953-0005-0000", "contents": "1955 Open Championship, Round summaries, Second round\nSource:Amateurs: Bucher (+2), Conrad (+4), McHale (+4), Lawrie (+5), Carr (+9), Murray (+11), Orr (+13), Robertson (+15)", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [24, 53], "content_span": [54, 174]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072954-0000-0000", "contents": "1955 Orange Bowl\nThe 1955 Orange Bowl was the 21st edition of the college football bowl game, held in Miami, Florida, on Saturday, January\u00a01. It matched the Duke Blue Devils of the Atlantic Coast Conference (ACC) and the Nebraska Cornhuskers of the Big Seven Conference. Duke, ranked fourteenth in both polls, was favored by two touchdowns, and won, 34\u20137.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 16], "section_span": [16, 16], "content_span": [17, 355]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072954-0001-0000", "contents": "1955 Orange Bowl\nUnranked Nebraska was the Big Seven runner-up to undefeated Oklahoma, the defending Orange Bowl champions. The Sooners were not invited due to the conference's no-repeat rule for the postseason.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 16], "section_span": [16, 16], "content_span": [17, 211]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072954-0002-0000", "contents": "1955 Orange Bowl\nIncluded in the record attendance was Vice President Richard Nixon, an alumnus of Duke's law school.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 16], "section_span": [16, 16], "content_span": [17, 117]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072954-0003-0000", "contents": "1955 Orange Bowl, Teams, Duke\nThe Blue Devils won all four of their conference games; they tied Purdue and lost to both Army and Navy. This\u00a0was Duke's fourth bowl game appearance, and the first in ten years.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 16], "section_span": [18, 29], "content_span": [30, 207]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072954-0004-0000", "contents": "1955 Orange Bowl, Teams, Nebraska\nThe unranked Huskers were making their second bowl appearance, the other was fourteen years earlier. Nebraska had four losses in the regular season, the last was a 55\u20137 drubbing at #3 Oklahoma.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 16], "section_span": [18, 33], "content_span": [34, 227]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072955-0000-0000", "contents": "1955 Oregon State Beavers football team\nThe 1955 Oregon State Beavers football team represented Oregon State University in the Pacific Coast Conference (PCC) during the 1955 college football season. In their first season under head coach Tommy Prothro, the Beavers compiled a 6\u20133 record (5\u20132 in PCC, second), and outscored their opponents 126\u00a0to\u00a0120. They played three home games on campus at Parker Stadium in Corvallis and one at Multnomah Stadium in\u00a0Portland.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [39, 39], "content_span": [40, 462]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072955-0001-0000", "contents": "1955 Oregon State Beavers football team\nHired in February at age 34, Prothro had been an assistant under Red Sanders for nine seasons; at UCLA (1949\u201354) and Vanderbilt (1946\u201348). He\u00a0led OSU for ten seasons, compiling an overall record of 63\u201337\u20132 (.627), and was  25\u20139\u20131 (.729) against PCC opponents.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [39, 39], "content_span": [40, 299]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072956-0000-0000", "contents": "1955 Oregon Webfoots football team\nThe 1955 Oregon Webfoots football team represented the University of Oregon in the Pacific Coast Conference (PCC) during the 1955 college football season. In their fifth season under head coach Len Casanova, the Webfoots compiled a 6\u20134 record (4\u20133 against PCC opponents), finished in fourth place in the PCC, and outscored their opponents, 204 to 158. The team played its home games at Hayward Field in Eugene, Oregon.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [34, 34], "content_span": [35, 453]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072957-0000-0000", "contents": "1955 Orpington by-election\nThe Orpington by-election, 1955 was a parliamentary by-election held on 20 January 1955 for the British House of Commons constituency of Orpington in Kent, England. It followed the death of the incumbent Conservative Member of Parliament (MP) Sir Waldron Smithers. The seat was held by the Conservatives.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [26, 26], "content_span": [27, 331]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072957-0001-0000", "contents": "1955 Orpington by-election\nThe by-election was notable in that Sumner as the incumbent chairman of the divisional Conservative Association defeated Margaret Thatcher to be adopted prospective candidate for the local constituency. The Liberal Party announced that it would not contest the by-election.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [26, 26], "content_span": [27, 300]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072958-0000-0000", "contents": "1955 Orsz\u00e1gos Bajnoks\u00e1g I (men's water polo)\n1955 Orsz\u00e1gos Bajnoks\u00e1g I (men's water polo) was the 49th water polo championship in Hungary. There were ten teams who played two-round match for the title.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [44, 44], "content_span": [45, 201]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072958-0001-0000", "contents": "1955 Orsz\u00e1gos Bajnoks\u00e1g I (men's water polo), Final list\n* M: Matches W: Win D: Drawn L: Lost G+: Goals earned G-: Goals got P: Point", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [46, 56], "content_span": [57, 133]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072958-0002-0000", "contents": "1955 Orsz\u00e1gos Bajnoks\u00e1g I (men's water polo), 2. Class\nNorth: 1. Bp. Szikra 24, 2. Tatab\u00e1nyai B\u00e1ny\u00e1sz 14, 3. Vasas Izz\u00f3 13, 4. VL Kistext 12, 5. Csepeli Vasas 9, Esztergomi D\u00f3zsa 9, Vasas M\u00c1VAG 2(1) point. In parentheses were the conclusion penalty points.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [46, 54], "content_span": [55, 256]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072958-0003-0000", "contents": "1955 Orsz\u00e1gos Bajnoks\u00e1g I (men's water polo), 2. Class\nSouth: 1. Bp. Spartacus 23, 2. Vasas Csepel Aut\u00f3 19, 3. Bp. B\u00e1stya VTSK 17, 4. VL Hazai F\u00e9s\u0171s 10, 5. Szegedi B\u00e1stya 8, 6. Szegedi D\u00f3zsa 4(1), 7. T\u00f6rekv\u00e9s F\u0151posta 1(1) point. In parentheses were the conclusion penalty points.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [46, 54], "content_span": [55, 279]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072959-0000-0000", "contents": "1955 Ottawa Rough Riders season\nThe 1955 Ottawa Rough Riders finished in 4th place in the IRFU with a 3\u20139 record and failed to qualify for the playoffs for the fourth consecutive season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [31, 31], "content_span": [32, 186]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072960-0000-0000", "contents": "1955 PFC Cherno More Varna season\nThe 1955 season was Cherno More's fourth successive season in the Republican Football Group A. The club competed as VMS Stalin after Varna was renamed after the Soviet dictator in December 1949.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [33, 33], "content_span": [34, 228]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072960-0001-0000", "contents": "1955 PFC Cherno More Varna season, Overview\nThe season lives in infamy as Cherno More started with five successive wins against the traditionally strong Sofia teams but ended in relegation on goal difference. After the flying start there was great enthusiasm in the club and talk of becoming champions. According to Vasil Dossev, who scored the winning goal against Dinamo in Sofia, he tried to cool it down, insisting the team should focus on gaining enough points to avoid relegation. He was removed from his position as captain of the team for his defeatist attitude.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 43], "content_span": [44, 570]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072960-0002-0000", "contents": "1955 PFC Cherno More Varna season, Overview\nWith relegation looming in October, Cherno More recorded the club's joint-record win in the top flight by thrashing Cherveno Zname Pavlikeni 8-0 in the penultimate game of the season. This was followed by an away win against Spartak in Plovdiv, allowing the team to move four points clear of Zavod 12, who had two games in hand. Zavod 12 defeated Lokomotiv Plovdiv 2-0 and Spartak Plovdiv 2-1 in matches played long after Cherno More's season has ended. Both teams gained 25 points, with Zavod 12's goal difference 26-27 and Cherno More's 26-28, resulting in the relegation of the Varna team from the league.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 43], "content_span": [44, 652]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072961-0000-0000", "contents": "1955 PGA Championship\nThe 1955 PGA Championship was the 37th PGA Championship, held July 20\u201326 in Michigan at Meadowbrook Country Club in Northville Township, northwest of nearby Detroit. Doug Ford won the match play championship, 4 & 3 over Cary Middlecoff in the Tuesday final; the winner's share was $5,000 and the runner-up earned $3,000. This was the first of two major titles for Ford, who won the Masters in 1957.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [21, 21], "content_span": [22, 420]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072961-0001-0000", "contents": "1955 PGA Championship\nFord was also the medalist in the stroke-play qualifying with a 135 (\u22127), worth $250 and the Alex Smith trophy. He was the fourth to win the final match after winning the qualifier, joining Walter Hagen (1926), Olin Dutra (1932), and Byron Nelson  (1945). Ford was the last medalist, as the format was changed in 1956 to seven rounds without a qualifier for two years, then to 72-hole stroke play in 1958.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [21, 21], "content_span": [22, 427]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072961-0002-0000", "contents": "1955 PGA Championship\nDefending champion Chick Harbert, a local resident, was defeated in the second round by Johnny Palmer, 1 up. No former champion advanced past the second round.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [21, 21], "content_span": [22, 181]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072961-0003-0000", "contents": "1955 PGA Championship\nThis was second time in three years the PGA Championship was played near Detroit; the 1953  event was played at Birmingham Country Club in Birmingham, about 20 miles (30\u00a0km) northeast. The 1947 edition, in which Harbert was runner-up, was also held in the Detroit area.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [21, 21], "content_span": [22, 291]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072961-0004-0000", "contents": "1955 PGA Championship, Format\nThe match play format at the PGA Championship in 1955 called for 12 rounds (216 holes) in seven days:", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [23, 29], "content_span": [30, 131]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072962-0000-0000", "contents": "1955 Pacific Tigers football team\nThe 1955 Pacific Tigers football team represented the College of the Pacific during the 1955 college football season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [33, 33], "content_span": [34, 151]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072962-0001-0000", "contents": "1955 Pacific Tigers football team\nPacific competed as an independent in 1955. They played home games in Pacific Memorial Stadium in Stockton, California. In their third season under head coach Jack Myers, the Tigers finished with a record of five wins and four losses (5\u20134). For the season they outscored their opponents 132\u2013121.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [33, 33], "content_span": [34, 329]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072962-0002-0000", "contents": "1955 Pacific Tigers football team, Team players in the NFL\nThe following College of the Pacific players were selected in the 1956 NFL Draft.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 58], "content_span": [59, 140]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072962-0003-0000", "contents": "1955 Pacific Tigers football team, Team players in the NFL\nThe following finished their college career in 1955, were not drafted, but played in the NFL.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 58], "content_span": [59, 152]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072963-0000-0000", "contents": "1955 Pacific hurricane season\nThe 1955 Pacific hurricane seasons began on May 15, 1955, in the northeast Pacific Ocean and on June 1, 1955, in the central Pacific. They ended on November 30, 1955. These dates conventionally delimit the time of year when most tropical cyclones form in northeast Pacific Ocean.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [29, 29], "content_span": [30, 309]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072963-0001-0000", "contents": "1955 Pacific hurricane season\nBefore the satellite age started in the 1960s, data on east Pacific hurricanes is extremely unreliable. Most east Pacific storms are of no threat to land. Six tropical systems were observed this season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [29, 29], "content_span": [30, 232]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072963-0002-0000", "contents": "1955 Pacific hurricane season, Systems, Tropical Storm Two\nTropical Storm Two existed from June 8 to June 11.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 58], "content_span": [59, 109]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072963-0003-0000", "contents": "1955 Pacific hurricane season, Systems, Tropical Storm Three\nTropical Storm Three existed from July 6 to July 9.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 60], "content_span": [61, 112]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072963-0004-0000", "contents": "1955 Pacific hurricane season, Systems, Tropical Storm Four\nTropical Storm Four existed from September 1 to September 5.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 59], "content_span": [60, 120]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072963-0005-0000", "contents": "1955 Pacific hurricane season, Systems, Tropical Storm Five\nIn early October, the remnants of Hurricane Janet entered the Pacific Ocean, which later re-organized into the fifth tropical storm of the Pacific hurricane season. On October\u00a01, the storm began to curve northwestward due to a ridge over Texas. Over the following days, however, a shortwave over the United States West Coast forced to the storm to the north and then east. The tropical storm maintained the same intensity throughout its existence, before making landfall on Baja California Sur at 0600\u00a0UTC on October\u00a03.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 59], "content_span": [60, 579]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072963-0005-0001", "contents": "1955 Pacific hurricane season, Systems, Tropical Storm Five\nThe disturbance crossed back into the Gulf of California, where it dissipated the following day. The remnants of the cyclone later moved into Sonora. In the United States, rainfall was spread throughout areas of Arizona and New Mexico. Stations in Tatum and Lovington, New Mexico, recorded peak rainfall totals in excess of 3\u00a0in (76\u00a0mm).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 59], "content_span": [60, 397]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072964-0000-0000", "contents": "1955 Pacific typhoon season\nThe 1955 Pacific typhoon season has no official bounds; it ran year-round in 1955, but most tropical cyclones tend to form in the northwestern Pacific Ocean between June and December. These dates conventionally delimit the period of each year when most tropical cyclones form in the northwestern Pacific Ocean. The season produced a large number of tropical storms but most of them were weak, and sources from American typhoon warning agencies often grossly overestimated the maximum wind speed of many systems which could not properly match with their respective central pressure observations.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [27, 27], "content_span": [28, 622]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072964-0001-0000", "contents": "1955 Pacific typhoon season\nThe scope of this article is limited to the Pacific Ocean, north of the equator and west of the international date line. Storms that form east of the date line and north of the equator are called hurricanes; see 1955 Pacific hurricane season. Tropical Storms formed in the entire west Pacific basin were assigned a name by the Fleet Weather Center on Guam.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [27, 27], "content_span": [28, 384]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072964-0002-0000", "contents": "1955 Pacific typhoon season, Systems\nThe rest of the storms, such as unnumbered and unnamed tropical depressions and storms, are only classified by the CMA while the JMA is sometimes rare before the 1960s - 1970s.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 36], "content_span": [37, 213]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072964-0003-0000", "contents": "1955 Pacific typhoon season, Systems, Typhoon Violet\nTyphoon Violet formed on January 1 and dissipated on January 6. It peaked as a Category 1 typhoon by the JTWC before making landfall in Mindinao in the Philippines.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 52], "content_span": [53, 217]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072964-0004-0000", "contents": "1955 Pacific typhoon season, Systems, Typhoon Wilda\nForming in an area full of islands, Wilda moved up into the open ocean where it reached typhoon strength. Shortly after, Wilda peaked in intensity as a lower-end category 2 cyclone. Wilda soon made a turn and began to weaken. Soon enough, Wilda had weakened under typhoon strength and dissipated on March 29.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 51], "content_span": [52, 360]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072964-0005-0000", "contents": "1955 Pacific typhoon season, Systems, Typhoon Anita\nAnita formed as a tropical depression on April 17. Anita entered a phase of warm waters, and it rapidly intensified to a category 1 typhoon and even a category 2 typhoon later. Anita encountered on a phase of cool waters, and as a result, it gradually weakened. Anita but re-intensified into a category 1 typhoon on April 20. However, it weakened again on April 22 but again re-intensified to a category 1 and even a category 2 typhoon later. Anita reached its peak intensity as a category 3 typhoon. Anita encountered a strong wind shear and because of this, Anita rapidly weakened to a tropical storm. Anita weakened to a tropical depression on April 25. Later, Anita loses its identity and dissipated.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 51], "content_span": [52, 756]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072964-0006-0000", "contents": "1955 Pacific typhoon season, Systems, Typhoon Fran\nOn July 18, a tropical depression formed southeast of Japan. It entered a phase of favorable environments and was soon upgraded into a tropical storm and named Fran. Fran then moved into a favorable environment and Fran was upgraded into a category 1 typhoon. Intensification occurred and Fran intensified from a category 1 to 4 typhoon and reached its peak intensity. After peaking in intensity, unfavorable environments made Fran to start a weakening trend. On July 20, Fran weakened to a category 2 typhoon and later weakened to a category 1 typhoon and even as a strong tropical storm. On July 21 of noon, Fran weakened to a tropical depression, and soon encountered with strong wind shear and dissipated. Fran became extratropical on July 21, before moving further to the east and dissipated on July 23.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 50], "content_span": [51, 859]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072964-0007-0000", "contents": "1955 Pacific typhoon season, Systems, Typhoon Hope\nA tropical depression formed east of Philippines on August 2. It intensified to a tropical storm in the next day and named Hope. Hope intensified into a category 1 hurricane while at the south of Japan. It weakened to a tropical storm and the storm turned to the north and intensified into a category 1 again.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 50], "content_span": [51, 360]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072964-0008-0000", "contents": "1955 Pacific typhoon season, Systems, Typhoon Hope\nIt was downgraded to a tropical storm and turned northeast before it slowed down. Hope became extratropical on August 17. Shortly after, the remnants hit the south of Kamchatka Peninsula and dissipated.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 50], "content_span": [51, 253]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072964-0009-0000", "contents": "1955 Pacific typhoon season, Systems, JMA Tropical Storm Seventeen\n17W is a short tropical storm that never affected land.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 66], "content_span": [67, 122]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072964-0010-0000", "contents": "1955 Pacific typhoon season, Systems, Typhoon Louise\nLouise formed on September 20 as a weak tropical depression. It intensified into a tropical storm and even a typhoon later. Wind shear quickly decreased and sea surface temperatures began to rise and Louise rapidly intensified into a category 5 super typhoon. However, the process of eyewall replacement cycle caused Louise to weaken. Louise weakened to a category 2 typhoon and it started to affect the Ky\u016bsh\u016b island of Japan and even weakened to a category 1 typhoon and affected Japan. Louise dissipated on September 30. On Ky\u016bsh\u016b island, 54 people were killed and 14 went missing.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 52], "content_span": [53, 637]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072964-0011-0000", "contents": "1955 Pacific typhoon season, Systems, Typhoon Patsy\nPatsy started on its life as a tropical depression on November 25. It hit Philippines as a tropical storm. It moved out of area before intensifying into Typhoon Patsy. Patsy reached its peak intensity before undergoing an eyewall replacement cycle and started to weaken.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 51], "content_span": [52, 322]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072964-0012-0000", "contents": "1955 Pacific typhoon season, Storm names\nThe following names listed here are names of the 1955 Pacific Typhoon Season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 40], "content_span": [41, 118]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072965-0000-0000", "contents": "1955 Palanca Awards\nThe Carlos Palanca Memorial Awards for Literature winners in the year 1955 (rank, title of winning entry, name of author).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [19, 19], "content_span": [20, 142]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072966-0000-0000", "contents": "1955 Pan American Games\nThe second Pan American Games opened on March 12, 1955, in the University Stadium (now Olympic Stadium) in Mexico City, Mexico, in front of a capacity crowd of 100,000 spectators.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [23, 23], "content_span": [24, 203]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072966-0001-0000", "contents": "1955 Pan American Games\nA total number of 2,583 athletes from 22 nations marched in review and formed ranks upon the infield. The nations paraded into the stadium in Spanish alphabetical order:  Argentina, Bahamas, Brazil, Canada, Colombia, Costa Rica, Cuba, Chile, El Salvador, United States, Guatemala, Haiti, Jamaica, Netherlands Antilles, Panama, Paraguay, Puerto Rico, Dominican Republic, Trinidad and Tobago, Uruguay, Venezuela, and Mexico. The hot sun, combined with the high altitude, caused two members of the U.S. team to collapse. Both quickly recovered.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [23, 23], "content_span": [24, 565]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072966-0002-0000", "contents": "1955 Pan American Games, Host city selection\nOn March 6, 1951, PASO selected Mexico City over Guatemala City to host the II Pan American Games. Seventeen of the eighteen countries participated in the vote, with El Salvador abstaining. Guatemala City received two votes, one from Guatemala and one from Mexico, and Mexico City received the remaining fifteen votes.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 44], "content_span": [45, 363]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072967-0000-0000", "contents": "1955 Pan American Games medal table\nThe 1955 Pan American Games, officially known as the II Pan American Games, were a continental multi-sport event held in Mexico City, Mexico, from March\u00a012 to March\u00a026, 1955. At the Games, 2,583 athletes selected from 21 National Olympic Committees (NOCs) participated in events in 17 sports. Seventeen nations earned medals during the competition, and twelve won at least one gold medal.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [35, 35], "content_span": [36, 424]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072967-0001-0000", "contents": "1955 Pan American Games medal table, Medal table\nThe ranking in this table is based on medal counts published by several media organizations. By default, the table is ordered by the number of gold medals won by the athletes representing a nation. (In this context, a nation is an entity represented by a NOC). The number of silver medals is taken into consideration next and then the number of bronze medals. If nations are still tied, equal ranking is given and they are listed alphabetically by IOC country code.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 48], "content_span": [49, 514]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072967-0002-0000", "contents": "1955 Pan American Games medal table, Medal table\nTo sort this table by nation, total medal count, or any other column, click on the  icon next to the column title.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 48], "content_span": [49, 163]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072968-0000-0000", "contents": "1955 Paraguayan Primera Divisi\u00f3n season\nThe 1955 season of the Paraguayan Primera Divisi\u00f3n, the top category of Paraguayan football, was played by 9 teams. The national champions were Libertad.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [39, 39], "content_span": [40, 193]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072969-0000-0000", "contents": "1955 Paris\u2013Nice\nThe 1955 Paris\u2013Nice was the 13th edition of the Paris\u2013Nice cycle race and was held from 12 March to 16 March 1955. The race started in Paris and finished in Nice. The race was won by Jean Bobet.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 15], "section_span": [15, 15], "content_span": [16, 210]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072970-0000-0000", "contents": "1955 Paris\u2013Roubaix\nThe 1955 Paris\u2013Roubaix was the 53rd\u00a0edition of the Paris\u2013Roubaix, a classic one-day cycle race in France. The single day event was held on 10 April 1955 and stretched 249\u00a0km (155\u00a0mi) from Paris to the finish at Roubaix Velodrome. The winner was Jean Forestier from France.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 18], "section_span": [18, 18], "content_span": [19, 291]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072971-0000-0000", "contents": "1955 Paris\u2013Tours\nThe 1955 Paris\u2013Tours was the 49th edition of the Paris\u2013Tours cycle race and was held on 9 October 1955. The race started in Paris and finished in Tours. The race was won by Jacques Dupont.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 16], "section_span": [16, 16], "content_span": [17, 205]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072972-0000-0000", "contents": "1955 Pau Grand Prix\nThe 1955 Pau Grand Prix was a non-championship Formula One motor race held on 11 April 1955 at the Pau circuit, in Pau, Pyr\u00e9n\u00e9es-Atlantiques, France. The Grand Prix was won by Jean Behra, driving the Maserati 250F. Eugenio Castellotti finished second and Roberto Mieres third.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [19, 19], "content_span": [20, 296]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072972-0001-0000", "contents": "1955 Pau Grand Prix\n1955 proved to be a crucial year for the Pau Grand Prix. Mario Alborghetti was killed in an accident on lap 19 of the Grand Prix. With the 1955 Le Mans disaster, worldwide ramifications led to the 1956 event not being run.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [19, 19], "content_span": [20, 242]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072973-0000-0000", "contents": "1955 Penn Quakers football team\nThe 1955 Penn Quakers football team was an American football team that represented the University of Pennsylvania during the 1955 college football season. Led by Steve Sebo in his second year as head coach, the Quakers finished the season with a 0\u20139 record, matching their 1954 campaign. Penn was outscored 270 to 34 on the season, shut out five times, and scored more than seven points only once, in a 46\u201314 loss to No. 6 Notre Dame. By the end of the season, Penn had lost 18 consecutive games and had not won in 22 straight contests, dating back to a loss to Michigan on Halloween 1953.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [31, 31], "content_span": [32, 621]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072974-0000-0000", "contents": "1955 Penn State Nittany Lions football team\nThe 1955 Penn State Nittany Lions football team represented the Pennsylvania State University in the 1955 college football season. The team was coached by Rip Engle and played its home games in New Beaver Field in University Park, Pennsylvania.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 43], "section_span": [43, 43], "content_span": [44, 288]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072975-0000-0000", "contents": "1955 Pepperdine Waves football team\nThe 1955 Pepperdine Waves football team represented George Pepperdine College as an independent during the 1955 college football season. The team was led by first-year head coach John Scolinos and played home games at El Camino Stadium on the campus of El Camino College in Torrance, California. They finished the season with a record of 5\u20135.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [35, 35], "content_span": [36, 378]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072975-0001-0000", "contents": "1955 Pepperdine Waves football team, Team players in the NFL\nNo Pepperdine players were selected in the 1956 NFL Draft.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 60], "content_span": [61, 119]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072976-0000-0000", "contents": "1955 Peruvian Primera Divisi\u00f3n\nThe 1955 season of the Primera Divisi\u00f3n Peruana, the top category of Peruvian football, was played by 10 teams. The national champions were Alianza Lima. Sporting Tabaco change its name to Sporting Cristal for 1956.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [30, 30], "content_span": [31, 246]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072977-0000-0000", "contents": "1955 Philadelphia Eagles season\nThe 1955 Philadelphia Eagles season was their 23rd in the league. They failed to improve on their previous output of 7\u20134\u20131, winning only four games. The team failed to qualify for the playoffs for the sixth consecutive season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [31, 31], "content_span": [32, 258]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072977-0001-0000", "contents": "1955 Philadelphia Eagles season, Off Season, NFL Draft\nThe 1955 NFL Draft was held on January 27\u201328, 1955. This was a draft that lasted for 30 rounds, with 12 teams selecting 360 players. This was also a lottery pick year again and the Baltimore Colts had that and the third pick in the draft. With the Lottery bonus pick, they chose George Shaw a Quarterback from the University of Oregon football program. Two picks later they chose 1954 Heisman Trophy winner Alan Ameche a Fullback that played in the Wisconsin Badgers football program.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 54], "content_span": [55, 539]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072977-0002-0000", "contents": "1955 Philadelphia Eagles season, Off Season, NFL Draft\nBecause of a 7\u20134\u20131 record in the 1954 Philadelphia Eagles season the Eagles normally will pick 8th in the odd rounds and 9th in the even rounds. They alternated with the San Francisco 49ers The Eagle made a pick in every round.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 54], "content_span": [55, 282]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072977-0003-0000", "contents": "1955 Philadelphia Eagles season, Off Season, NFL Draft\nThe Philadelphia Eagles used their 1st round pick, 9th pick in the draft, to select Dick Bielski a Fullback from Maryland", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 54], "content_span": [55, 176]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072977-0004-0000", "contents": "1955 Philadelphia Eagles season, Off Season, NFL Draft\nOnly draftee from this year draft to be inducted into the Pro Football Hall of Fame is Johnny Unitas, Quarterback from the Louisville taken 9th round 102nd overall by the Pittsburgh Steelers. He was a Professional Football Hall of Fame Class of 1979  member.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 54], "content_span": [55, 313]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072977-0005-0000", "contents": "1955 Philadelphia Eagles season, Off Season, Player selections\nThe table shows the Eagles selections and what picks they had that were traded away and the team that ended up with that pick. It is possible the Eagles' pick ended up with this team via another team that the Eagles made a trade with. Not shown are acquired picks that the Eagles traded away.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 62], "content_span": [63, 355]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072977-0006-0000", "contents": "1955 Philadelphia Eagles season, Schedule, Standings\nNote: Tie games were not officially counted in the standings until 1972.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 52], "content_span": [53, 125]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072977-0007-0000", "contents": "1955 Philadelphia Eagles season, Roster\n(All time List of Philadelphia Eagles players in franchise history)", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 39], "content_span": [40, 107]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072978-0000-0000", "contents": "1955 Philadelphia Phillies season\nThe 1955 Philadelphia Phillies season was a season in American baseball. It was the first season for Phillies' manager Mayo Smith. Prior to the season, the Phillies were seen to have strong pitching with ace Robin Roberts but did not have power hitters to match pennant favorites Brooklyn, New York, or Milwaukee, behind whom the Phillies finished in fourth place with a record of 77 and 77.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [33, 33], "content_span": [34, 425]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072978-0001-0000", "contents": "1955 Philadelphia Phillies season, Offseason\nPrior to the 1955 season, the Phillies purchased the 50-foot-tall (15\u00a0m) Ballantine Beer electronic scoreboard from Yankee Stadium for $175,000 from the Yankees. It was placed in right-center field at Connie Mack Stadium. This scoreboard was used through the final year at the ballpark.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 44], "content_span": [45, 331]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072978-0002-0000", "contents": "1955 Philadelphia Phillies season, Offseason, Spring training\nIn March 1955, the Phillies began spring training play at Clearwater's Jack Russell Stadium. The stadium was dedicated on March 10, 1955. Baseball Commissioner Ford Frick, National League president Warren Giles, American League president Will Harridge, Clearwater mayor Herbert M. Brown, and other city dignitaries were in attendance. The Phillies played their first game at the stadium on the day of the dedication. Robin Roberts started for the Phillies against the Detroit Tigers. The Phillies won 4\u20132 on a two-run double by Willie Jones before 4,209 attendees.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 61], "content_span": [62, 626]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072978-0003-0000", "contents": "1955 Philadelphia Phillies season, Player stats, Batting, Starters by position\nNote: Pos = Position; G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 78], "content_span": [79, 203]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072978-0004-0000", "contents": "1955 Philadelphia Phillies season, Player stats, Batting, Other batters\nNote: G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 71], "content_span": [72, 180]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072978-0005-0000", "contents": "1955 Philadelphia Phillies season, Player stats, Pitching, Starting pitchers\nNote: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 76], "content_span": [77, 187]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072978-0006-0000", "contents": "1955 Philadelphia Phillies season, Player stats, Pitching, Other pitchers\nNote: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 73], "content_span": [74, 184]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072978-0007-0000", "contents": "1955 Philadelphia Phillies season, Player stats, Pitching, Relief pitchers\nNote: G = Games pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; SV = Saves; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 74], "content_span": [75, 175]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072979-0000-0000", "contents": "1955 Philadelphia municipal election\nPhiladelphia's municipal election of November 8, 1955, involved contests for mayor, district attorney, all seventeen city council seats, among other offices. Citywide, the Democrats took majorities of over 130,000 votes, continuing their success from the elections four years earlier. Richardson Dilworth, who had been elected district attorney in 1951, was elected mayor. Victor H. Blanc, a city councilman, was elected district attorney. The Democrats also kept fourteen of seventeen city council seats, losing one district seat while gaining another, and kept control of the other citywide offices. The election represented a further consolidation of control by the Democrats after their citywide victories of four years earlier.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [36, 36], "content_span": [37, 769]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072979-0001-0000", "contents": "1955 Philadelphia municipal election, Mayor\nIn the mayor's race, incumbent Democrat Joseph S. Clark Jr., who had earlier declared he would serve only one term, did not run for reelection. He instead ran for election to the United States Senate in 1956 and was successful, serving in the Senate for twelve years. For the open seat, Democrat Richardson Dilworth ran against Republican Thacher Longstreth.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 43], "content_span": [44, 402]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072979-0002-0000", "contents": "1955 Philadelphia municipal election, Mayor\nAfter service in World War I and a law degree from Yale, Dilworth practiced law in Philadelphia. He and Clark were allies in the anti-corruption reform effort that had swept the city four years earlier. Dilworth had run for mayor unsuccessfully in 1947, with Clark as his campaign manager. In 1949, he was elected City Treasurer. He resigned that post to run for governor in 1950, but was defeated by Republican John S. Fine.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 43], "content_span": [44, 469]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072979-0002-0001", "contents": "1955 Philadelphia municipal election, Mayor\nDemocratic party leaders had intended Dilworth to be their candidate for mayor again in 1951, but when Clark announced his candidacy, Dilworth agreed to run for district attorney instead. He won, taking just shy of 58% of the vote. In the primary election in May, Dilworth easily defeated his underfunded opponent, William A. Paschall, a local meat dealer.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 43], "content_span": [44, 400]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072979-0003-0000", "contents": "1955 Philadelphia municipal election, Mayor\nThe Republicans nominated Thacher Longstreth, a 35-year-old advertising executive who had never run for office before. He emerged the victor of a four-way primary contest over George P. Williams (the Republican leadership's preferred candidate), city magistrate James J. Clothier, and Oscar H. Newman, a deputy constable. Longstreth's campaign got off to a rocky start when he broke with the city Republican organization over their failure to elect his preferred candidate, John M. Pomeroy, as chairman of the Republican City Committee.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 43], "content_span": [44, 580]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072979-0003-0001", "contents": "1955 Philadelphia municipal election, Mayor\nAlthough he did receive a campaign visit and endorsement from President Dwight D. Eisenhower, Longstreth had little other assistance from the Republican party machine and ran as an \"Independent Republican\". Republicans still held an edge in voter registration in 1955, but their share of the electorate continued to decline over previous years.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 43], "content_span": [44, 388]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072979-0004-0000", "contents": "1955 Philadelphia municipal election, Mayor\nThe result was a landslide for Dilworth. In an election with higher than expected turnout, the Democrat took 59% of the vote, a slight increase over the party's tally from the mayoral contest of four years earlier. The Democrats carried 44 of the city's 52 wards. Longstreth conceded defeat early in the evening, and said that he hoped for \"an administration that will be good for all people and the progress of our great city\". The Philadelphia Inquirer described the result as \"a ringing indorsement [sic] of the policies of Mayor Joseph S. Clark, Jr., whose Democratic administration was the key issue in the Fall ballot drive.\"", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 43], "content_span": [44, 675]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072979-0005-0000", "contents": "1955 Philadelphia municipal election, District Attorney\nFor the open office of district attorney, vacated by Dilworth when he ran for mayor, the Democrats nominated city councilman Victor H. Blanc against the Republicans' Wilhelm F. Knauer. Blanc, a veteran of both World Wars and former assistant district attorney, had been elected to city council in an at-large seat in 1951. During his time on the council, he was in charge of an investigation into corruption in construction at Philadelphia International Airport. Knauer, a state deputy attorney general, was a long-time Republican party leader. His wife, Virginia Knauer, would later be elected to city council. As in the mayor's race, the Democrats were victorious, and Blanc was elected. His vote totals led the Democratic ticket, exceeding even Dilworth's numbers.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 55], "content_span": [56, 823]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072979-0006-0000", "contents": "1955 Philadelphia municipal election, City Council\nPhiladelphians elected a seventeen-member city council in 1955, with ten members representing districts of the city, and the remaining seven being elected at-large. For the at-large seats, each political party could nominate five candidates, and voters could only vote for five, with the result being that the majority party could only take five of the seven seats, leaving two for the minority party. The Democrats' citywide dominance continued into the city council races, as they retained control of nine of ten districts and five of seven at-large seats.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 50], "content_span": [51, 609]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072979-0007-0000", "contents": "1955 Philadelphia municipal election, City Council\nIn the at-large races, the two incumbent Democratic candidates, Victor E. Moore and Paul D'Ortona, led the ticket. Three other Democrats were also elected: John F. Byrne Sr., who had previously been councilman for the 10th district; Henry W. Sawyer, a civil rights lawyer; and Marshall L. Shepard, a clergyman who had served as Commissioner of Records. On the Republican side, incumbent at-large councilman Louis Schwartz was re-elected.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 50], "content_span": [51, 488]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072979-0007-0001", "contents": "1955 Philadelphia municipal election, City Council\nThe other Republican incumbent, Donald C. Rubel, who had won a special election as an independent Republican backed by Democrats, lost his spot to Thomas M. Foglietta, a young lawyer and son of former councilman Michael Foglietta. Also losing bids for the Republican at-large seats were real estate assessor F. Raymond Heuges and former magistrate Hobson R. Reynolds.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 50], "content_span": [51, 418]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072979-0008-0000", "contents": "1955 Philadelphia municipal election, City Council\nAt the district level, Democratic incumbents Thomas I. Guerin (district 1), Harry Norwitch (district 3), Samuel Rose (district 4), Raymond Pace Alexander (district 5), Michael J. Towey (district 6), James Hugh Joseph Tate (district 7), and Charles M. Finley (district 9) were all reelected. In the 2nd district, Democrat Gaetano Giordano took the seat from Republican David Zwanetz, who was nominated when incumbent Republican William M. Phillips did not run for reelection. In the 8th, the Republicans evened the score as state representative Wilbur H. Hamilton narrowly defeated Democratic incumbent Constance Dallas.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 50], "content_span": [51, 670]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072979-0008-0001", "contents": "1955 Philadelphia municipal election, City Council\nHamilton's brother, Robert S. Hamilton, had lost to Dallas four years earlier. In the final district council seat, the 10th, Democrat John M. McDevitt was elected to the seat previously held by Byrne. The Inquirer called the Democratic downballot victories \"a rebuke to Republican leaders who sought to tie in the campaign with the 1956 Presidential election,\" and credited the Democrats with campaigning \"on the theory that the issues were purely local.\"", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 50], "content_span": [51, 506]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072979-0009-0000", "contents": "1955 Philadelphia municipal election, Other offices and ballot measures\nThe Democrats' success continued in the down-ballot races. Democratic city commissioners Maurice S. Osser and Thomas P. McHenry were reelected as was Republican Walter I. Davidson. William M. Lennox was reelected county sheriff and Joseph A. Scanlon was reelected clerk of the court of quarter sessions (a court whose jurisdiction is now exercised by the court of common pleas). The Democrats also took four of the seven magisterial district judge positions up for election that year (a local court, the duties of which are now performed by the Philadelphia Municipal Court). The ballot contained two referendums authorizing the city to take loans for construction of medical facilities, streets, sewers, playgrounds, and other civic improvements. They passed with overwhelming support, each tallying 84% affirmative votes.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 71], "content_span": [72, 895]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072980-0000-0000", "contents": "1955 Philippine Senate election\nA senatorial election in the Philippines was held on November 8, 1955. This was a midterm election, the date when the winners took office falling halfway through President Ramon Magsaysay's  four-year term.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [31, 31], "content_span": [32, 238]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072980-0001-0000", "contents": "1955 Philippine Senate election, Summary\nSince Magsaysay was very popular midway through his term, there were 10 candidates who ran under the Nacionalista banner. His adoptive Nacionalista Party continued to grow in strength with the absorption of their erstwhile coalition partner, the Democratic Party; but a pillar of the NP could not hide his opposition to the president. Senator Claro M. Recto, one of those who actively sought the adoption of the former Defense Secretary into the NP fold in 1953, had grown critical of Magsaysay, calling him a \u201cbanana dictator\u201d and \u201cAmerican puppet,\u201d among other unflattering names. In retaliation, Magsaysay refused the inclusion of Recto into the NP Senate slate of 1955, prompting the Batangue\u00f1o leader to seek support for his candidacy with the Liberals.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 40], "content_span": [41, 799]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072980-0002-0000", "contents": "1955 Philippine Senate election, Summary\nThough Lorenzo Ta\u00f1ada of the NCP had cooperated with the NP in 1953, Recto became the first \u201cguest candidate\u201d in Philippine electoral history, when he was included in the Liberal Party lineup but did not resign his membership as a Nacionalista.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 40], "content_span": [41, 285]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072980-0003-0000", "contents": "1955 Philippine Senate election, Summary, Special elections\nThere was a special election held for the vacant seat of Senator Carlos P. Garcia after he won as Vice President in 1953. Roseller T. Lim won and served the unexpired term of Garcia from 1955 to 1957.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 59], "content_span": [60, 260]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072980-0004-0000", "contents": "1955 Philippine Senate election, Results\nThe Nacionalista Party won all eight seats contested in the general election, and won the one seat contested in the special election.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 40], "content_span": [41, 174]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072980-0005-0000", "contents": "1955 Philippine Senate election, Results\nNacionalistas Quintin Paredes, Claro M. Recto, Lorenzo Sumulong both defended their Senate seats. Paredes and Sumulong were former Liberals who ran as Nacionalistas in this election. The two Liberal senators who defended their seats were defeated: Enrique Magalona and Macario Peralta.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 40], "content_span": [41, 326]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072980-0006-0000", "contents": "1955 Philippine Senate election, Results\nFive winners are neophyte Nacionalista senators: Decoroso Rosales, Domocao Alonto, Francisco Soc Rodrigo, Pacita Madrigal-Warns, and Pedro Sabido. Madrigal-Warns became the only woman in the Senate.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 40], "content_span": [41, 239]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072980-0007-0000", "contents": "1955 Philippine Senate election, Results, Special election\nFor Carlos P. Garcia's vacated Senate seat when he was elected vice president on 1953. Unlike the regular election, this is held under the first past the post system.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 58], "content_span": [59, 225]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072980-0008-0000", "contents": "1955 Philippine Senate election, Results, Per party\nThis includes the result of the special election under \"seats after,\" but not on other columns.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 51], "content_span": [52, 147]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072981-0000-0000", "contents": "1955 Pittsburgh Panthers football team\nThe 1955 Pittsburgh Panthers football team represented the University of Pittsburgh in the 1955 college football season. The Panthers were led by first-year head coach John Michelosen and played their home games at Pitt Stadium in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [38, 38], "content_span": [39, 295]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072981-0001-0000", "contents": "1955 Pittsburgh Panthers football team\nIn a season that included upsets over top-ten teams Duke and rival West Virginia, Pitt had their most successful season in years. The Panthers finished ranked in the polls for the first time since 1938 and were invited to their first bowl game since the 1937 Rose Bowl.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [38, 38], "content_span": [39, 308]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072981-0002-0000", "contents": "1955 Pittsburgh Panthers football team\nPittsburgh was invited to the 1956 Sugar Bowl, played against Georgia Tech. Intense controversy surrounded the bowl game, as Pittsburgh had a black player, Bobby Grier, at a time when the sport was not fully integrated. Many people opposed Pittsburgh playing in the bowl, and having desegregated seating sections in the stands, including Georgia governor Marvin Griffin. Georgia's Governor publicly threatened Georgia Tech's president Blake R Van Leer in an attempt to bar Grier or stop the game. The game ultimately was played without incident, and marked the first integrated Sugar Bowl.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [38, 38], "content_span": [39, 628]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072982-0000-0000", "contents": "1955 Pittsburgh Pirates season\nThe 1955 Pittsburgh Pirates season was the 74th season of the Pittsburgh Pirates franchise; the 69th in the National League. The Pirates finished eighth and last in the league standings with a record of 60\u201394.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [30, 30], "content_span": [31, 240]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072982-0001-0000", "contents": "1955 Pittsburgh Pirates season, Player stats, Batting, Starters by position\nNote: Pos = Position; G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 75], "content_span": [76, 200]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072982-0002-0000", "contents": "1955 Pittsburgh Pirates season, Player stats, Batting, Other batters\nNote: G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 68], "content_span": [69, 177]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072982-0003-0000", "contents": "1955 Pittsburgh Pirates season, Player stats, Pitching, Starting pitchers\nNote: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 73], "content_span": [74, 184]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072982-0004-0000", "contents": "1955 Pittsburgh Pirates season, Player stats, Pitching, Other pitchers\nNote: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 70], "content_span": [71, 181]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072982-0005-0000", "contents": "1955 Pittsburgh Pirates season, Player stats, Pitching, Relief pitchers\nNote: G = Games pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; SV = Saves; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 71], "content_span": [72, 172]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072983-0000-0000", "contents": "1955 Pittsburgh Steelers season\nThe 1955 Pittsburgh Steelers season was the franchise's 23rd in the National Football League.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [31, 31], "content_span": [32, 125]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072983-0001-0000", "contents": "1955 Pittsburgh Steelers season, Regular season, Standings\nNote: Tie games were not officially counted in the standings until 1972.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 58], "content_span": [59, 131]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072984-0000-0000", "contents": "1955 Pondicherry Representative Assembly election\nAfter the de facto merger on 1 November 1954 and before the legal integration with the Indian Union on 16 August 1962, general elections were held in 1955 and 1959. So. the first general elections to the Pondicherry Representative Assembly were held in 1955 from July 18 to 23 for 39 constituencies to constitute First Pondicherry Representative Assembly. The election were held on the basis of adult franchise under the State of Pondicherry (Representation of the People) Order, 1955 which prescribed the rules and regulations for the conduct of elections, more or less on the pattern adopted in the Indian Union.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 49], "section_span": [49, 49], "content_span": [50, 664]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072984-0001-0000", "contents": "1955 Pondicherry Representative Assembly election, Results\nCongress barely secured a majority of 20 seats out of 39 these seats. Congress won 9 out of 12 from Karaikal, 8 out of 22 from Pondicherry, 1 out of 3 from Mahe and 2 out of 2 from Yanam. However, In Yanam, both seats won in an uncontested manner. In Pondicherry, the Congress did not fare well. The Congress did not secure seats in Pondicherry city and the surrounding areas. All the 8 seats in Pondicherry that were won by Congress came from the liberated areas of Nettapakkam, Mannadipet (Tiroubouvan\u00e9) and Bahour communes. People's Front (Communist) (Makka\u1e37 Munna\u1e47i (Tamil:\u0bae\u0b95\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bb3\u0bcd \u0bae\u0bc1\u0ba9\u0bcd\u0ba9\u0ba3\u0bbf)) won 13 seats out of 22 from Pondicherry and 3 seats out of 12 seats from Karaikal. However, three members who won on People's Front ticket joined Congress later.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 49], "section_span": [51, 58], "content_span": [59, 814]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072984-0002-0000", "contents": "1955 Pondicherry Representative Assembly election, Government formation\nthe Congress with the support of independents was able to form a Government. The chief opposition party was the Communist (i.e. People's Front) with 12 seats. However, the government was not stable. There were frequent crossings of the floor by the Legislators, and the ruling party was ridden with personal strifes and factions. The Government of India had to intervene finally by dissolving the Assembly and the Chief Commissioner, L.R.S. Singh, took over the administration on 28 October 1958. Later, after nine months, elections were held in 1959.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 49], "section_span": [51, 71], "content_span": [72, 623]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072984-0003-0000", "contents": "1955 Pondicherry Representative Assembly election, Cabinet\nInitially, Maurice Pakkiriswamy Pillai led the Pondicherry Representative Assembly from 17 August 1955 until his death in January 1956. Then, a five-member new cabinet was formed and led by \u00c9douard Goubert. It had Eduard Goubert, Chandrasekhara Chettiar, Mohammed Yusoof, S. Dakshinamoorthy Mudaliar and Thiagraja Naicker.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 49], "section_span": [51, 58], "content_span": [59, 381]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072985-0000-0000", "contents": "1955 Poonch uprising\nThe 1955 Poonch revolt, also known as the 1955 Poonch uprising, was a Civil revolt in Azad Jammu and Kashmir against the State of Pakistan. The uprising broke out in February 1955 and was provoked largely by the dismissal of Sardar Ibrahim Khan. It took a year until the uprising was suppressed in October 1956.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [20, 20], "content_span": [21, 332]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072985-0001-0000", "contents": "1955 Poonch uprising, Events\nA major uprising occurred around the Rawalakot and Pallandri tehsils of Poonch (then a district, now a division), against the State of Pakistan amongst angry Sudhans. After the \u2018bomb shell\u2019 of Ibrahim's dismissal, \u2018Colonel (Retired) Sher Ahmed Khan, a sardar and scion of the Sudhan tribe and the senior most military officer from Poonch, was made a cabinet minister with responsibility for defence, education and health.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [22, 28], "content_span": [29, 450]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072985-0001-0001", "contents": "1955 Poonch uprising, Events\nColonel Sher Ahmed Khan resigned because his community, the Sudhans, were strongly opposed to his appointment in view of the dismissal of Sardar Ibrahim Khan; violent demonstrations had occurred particularly in the Rawalakot and Pallandri areas of Poonch, where Sudhans displeased with the dismissal of Ibrahim Khan, opposed the replacement government. There also had been a showdown between the Sudhans and the Pakistan Army contingents posted in the area\u2019, which caused great concern to the Central Government.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [22, 28], "content_span": [29, 541]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072985-0002-0000", "contents": "1955 Poonch uprising, Events\nThe Poonch situation became so bad that the Azad Kashmir Police could not control it. Members of the Punjab Constabulary of the Pakistani Army were brought in. The Pakistan Army's 12th Division, with headquarters in Murree and with forces already deployed in Azad Kashmir, joined in the suppression, declaring martial law in Poonch. The fighting was not one sided. Some Sudhans had captured 150 soldiers of the Punjab Constabulary, and their weapons.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [22, 28], "content_span": [29, 479]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072985-0002-0001", "contents": "1955 Poonch uprising, Events\nSudhan's anti government actions started in February 1955 with an assassination attempt in Poonch on the Azad Kashmir President, Sher Ahmed Khan, from which he had a \u2018miraculous escape\u2019. Matters escalated when police sought to arrest an \u2018absconding accused\u2019 by entering a mosque at Pallandri. There after, Sudhans clashed with the Pakistan Army, and the Punjab Constabulary, which dealt with the insurrection brutally. Similarly, the Punjab Prosecuting Agency was \u2018a terror\u2019 to Azad Kashmiris, particularly those incarcerated. It took one year until the uprising was suppressed in 1956.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [22, 28], "content_span": [29, 615]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072985-0003-0000", "contents": "1955 Poonch uprising, Causes\nA major cause of the rebellion was the demand of the local people for autonomy in administrative and budgetary affairs.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [22, 28], "content_span": [29, 148]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072985-0004-0000", "contents": "1955 Poonch uprising, Causes\nA resistance movement seeking a more democratic state of Azad Kashmir had been active since September 1950. In 1951 a parallel government was formed in Poonch in retaliation for Pakistan's dismissal of Sardar Ibrahim Khan as head of state. The situation calmed down for some time because of Liaquat Ali Khan's assassination.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [22, 28], "content_span": [29, 353]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072985-0005-0000", "contents": "1955 Poonch uprising, Causes\nWhen Sardar Ibrahim protested, his government was dismissed. A revolt erupted in Rawalakot and Palandri in the Poonch district as a reaction to this action by the Pakistani State. A military contingent of 120 personnel led by Major Usman was sent in to crush the revolt and arrest its leaders. After an initial skirmish Ibrahim's forces were defeated and his tribe disarmed under the guidance of Pakistan's then Minister of Kashmir Affairs, Mushtaq Ahmed Gurmani, and the weapons were handed over to the government of Pakistan.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [22, 28], "content_span": [29, 556]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072985-0006-0000", "contents": "1955 Poonch uprising, Causes\nGeneral elections were held in 1952. Sher Ahmed Khan, a Sudhan, took office as the President of Azad Kashmir. Sardar Abdul Qayyum was also part of the cabinet. However, after the passing of the Azad Kashmir Rules of Business in October, 1952, all executive power was vested in the Joint Secretary of the Ministry of Kashmir Affairs (Pakistan). This resulted in the eruption of the rebellion in 1955 that was crushed by force by Pakistan Constubulary.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [22, 28], "content_span": [29, 479]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072985-0007-0000", "contents": "1955 Poonch uprising, Aftermath\nSardar Abdul Qayyum would later write that, \"In 1955 when police were brought in from the Punjab, what they did here is a black stain on our history\u2026 When in 1956 I became the president I got a chance to reduce their grievances. Hence a number of people who were in prison and suffering distress were released\u2026. but those whose homes were burnt out were not compensated. Although to reduce their sorrows in sympathy, I gave them bits of money.\u201d", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [22, 31], "content_span": [32, 476]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072985-0008-0000", "contents": "1955 Poonch uprising, Aftermath\nOn the Ministry of Kashmir Affairs, Sardar Ibrahim Khan exclaimed, \"The Ministry played havoc with the Azad Kashmir movement and had it finally liquidated to the satisfaction of all bureaucrats in Pakistan.\u201d On democracy in AJK, he also stated, \"It is like hell. It is the worst example of democracy\u2026. It has not served Kashmiris at all. It has always divided [them] and made them fight amongst themselves.\u201d", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [22, 31], "content_span": [32, 439]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072985-0009-0000", "contents": "1955 Poonch uprising, Aftermath\nThe uprising had led to a number of strict and draconian security laws being passed by the local government and Ministry of Kashmir Affairs, including the \u2018Azad Kashmir Public Safety Act 1953\u2019, \u2018The Pallandhri Disturbances Special Tribunal Act 1955 and 1956\u2019, \u2018The Control of Goondas Act 1956\u2019, as well as \u2018The Azad Kashmir Recovery of Abducted Persons Act 1953 and 1956\u2019.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [22, 31], "content_span": [32, 404]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072986-0000-0000", "contents": "1955 Preakness Stakes\nThe 1955 Preakness Stakes was the 80th Preakness Stakes overall and it was held on May 28, 1955 at the Pimlico Race Course in Baltimore, Maryland. Nashua, ridden by Eddie Arcaro and trained by James E. Fitzsimmons won the race, outrunning Saratoga who finished second. Traffic Judge, who was trained by Woody Stephens finished third.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [21, 21], "content_span": [22, 355]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072986-0001-0000", "contents": "1955 Preakness Stakes\nNashua's winning time of 1:54 3/5 for the mile and three-sixteenth race on dirt broke the Pimlico track record.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [21, 21], "content_span": [22, 133]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072986-0002-0000", "contents": "1955 Preakness Stakes, Background\nGoing into the race, Nashua was the favorite despite coming off a loss to Swaps in the 1955 Kentucky Derby. Saratoga was the second favorite and had previously lost to Nashua prior to the Preakness.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [23, 33], "content_span": [34, 232]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072986-0003-0000", "contents": "1955 Preakness Stakes, Results\nThe chart below is the results of the 1955 Preakness Stakes.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [23, 30], "content_span": [31, 91]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072987-0000-0000", "contents": "1955 Primera Divisi\u00f3n de Chile\nThe 1955 Campeonato Nacional de F\u00fatbol Profesional, was the 23rd season of top-flight football in Chile. Palestino was the tournament\u2019s champion, winning its first ever title.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [30, 30], "content_span": [31, 206]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072988-0000-0000", "contents": "1955 Prince Edward Island general election\nThe 1955 Prince Edward Island general election was held in the Canadian province of Prince Edward Island on May 25, 1955.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 42], "section_span": [42, 42], "content_span": [43, 164]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072988-0001-0000", "contents": "1955 Prince Edward Island general election\nThe governing Liberals of Premier Alex W. Matheson increased their majority in the Legislature, winning three more seats over the opposition Progressive Conservatives led by Reginald Bell, who would resign as leader in 1957 following this election. Matheson took over as premier from his predecessor J. Walter Jones in May 1953 following his appointment to the Senate.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 42], "section_span": [42, 42], "content_span": [43, 411]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072988-0002-0000", "contents": "1955 Prince Edward Island general election\nThis election marked the first and only time (as of 2016) that a party has won six consecutive general elections on Prince Edward Island.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 42], "section_span": [42, 42], "content_span": [43, 180]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072988-0003-0000", "contents": "1955 Prince Edward Island general election, Members Elected\nThe Legislature of Prince Edward Island had two levels of membership from 1893 to 1996 - Assemblymen and Councillors. This was a holdover from when the Island had a bicameral legislature, the General Assembly and the Legislative Council.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 42], "section_span": [44, 59], "content_span": [60, 297]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072988-0004-0000", "contents": "1955 Prince Edward Island general election, Members Elected\nIn 1893, the Legislative Council was abolished and had its membership merged with the Assembly, though the two titles remained separate and were elected by different electoral franchises. Assembleymen were elected by all eligible voters of within a district, while Councillors were only elected by landowners within a district.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 42], "section_span": [44, 59], "content_span": [60, 387]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072989-0000-0000", "contents": "1955 Princeton Tigers football team\nThe 1955 Princeton Tigers football team was an American football team that represented Princeton University during the 1955 college football season. In their 11th year under head coach Charlie Caldwell, the Tigers compiled a 7\u20132 record and outscored opponents 139 to 66. Royce Flippin was the team captain.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [35, 35], "content_span": [36, 342]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072989-0001-0000", "contents": "1955 Princeton Tigers football team\nThis would be Princeton's final year as a football independent, as the Ivy League, which Princeton had helped co-found in 1954, began football competition in 1956. All seven Ivy League opponents appeared on Princeton's 1955 schedule; the Tigers had been playing most of their games against (future) Ivy teams for decades.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [35, 35], "content_span": [36, 357]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072989-0002-0000", "contents": "1955 Princeton Tigers football team\nPrinceton played its home games at Palmer Stadium on the university campus in Princeton, New Jersey.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [35, 35], "content_span": [36, 136]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072990-0000-0000", "contents": "1955 Pro Bowl\nThe 1955 Pro Bowl was the National Football League's (NFL) fifth annual all-star game which featured the league's outstanding performers from the 1954 season. The game was played on January 16, 1955, at the Los Angeles Memorial Coliseum in Los Angeles, California, in front of 42,972 fans. The West squad defeated the East by a score of 26\u201319.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 13], "section_span": [13, 13], "content_span": [14, 357]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072990-0001-0000", "contents": "1955 Pro Bowl\nThe West team was led by Buck Shaw (although he had recently been fired by the San Francisco 49ers) while Jim Trimble of the Philadelphia Eagles coached the East squad. 49ers end Billy Wilson was unanimously selected as the game's outstanding player.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 13], "section_span": [13, 13], "content_span": [14, 264]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072992-0000-0000", "contents": "1955 Purdue Boilermakers football team\nThe 1955 Purdue Boilermakers football team was an American football team that represented Purdue University during the 1955 Big Ten Conference football season. In their ninth and final season under head coach Stu Holcomb, the Boilermakers compiled a 5\u20133\u20131 record, finished in fourth place in the Big Ten Conference with a 4\u20132\u20131 record against conference opponents, and outscored all opponents by a combined total of 113 to 103.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [38, 38], "content_span": [39, 466]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072992-0001-0000", "contents": "1955 Purdue Boilermakers football team\nNotable players on the 1955 Purdue team included quarterback Len Dawson, end Lamar Lundy, tackle Joe Krupa, and back Bill Murakowski.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [38, 38], "content_span": [39, 172]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072993-0000-0000", "contents": "1955 RAC Tourist Trophy\nThe 1955 RAC Tourist Trophy took place on 17 September, on the roads around Dundrod, (County Antrim, Northern Ireland). It was also the fifth round of the F.I.A. World Sports Car Championship, however it was the first championship race following the horrendous tragedy at Le Mans. It was also the Golden Jubilee year for the Tourist Trophy. Going into the race, Ferrari were leading the Manufacturers Championship by four points from Jaguar. Victory for the Italian marque would put them in a strong position to win a third successive title.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [23, 23], "content_span": [24, 565]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072993-0001-0000", "contents": "1955 RAC Tourist Trophy, Report, Entry\nA grand total of 64 racing cars were registered for this event, of which 55 arrived for practice and qualifying. Scuderia Ferrari entered a pair of Ferrari 857 Monzas for regulars Eugenio Castellotti and Piero Taruffi, and Umberto Maglioli and Maurice Trintignant, alongside a 750 Monza for the partnership of Olivier Gendebien and Masten Gregory. Their closest championship rivals, Jaguar, brought just one D-Type to Northern Ireland for Mike Hawthorn and Desmond Titterington. Hoping to keep the championship alive, Officine Alfieri Maserati sent two of their 300S and an A6GCS over. Amongst their line-up were Jean Behra and Luigi Musso.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 38], "content_span": [39, 679]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072993-0002-0000", "contents": "1955 RAC Tourist Trophy, Report, Entry\nFrom West Germany, Daimler-Benz AG entered three of their Mercedes-Benz 300SLRs to tackle the 7.41 mile circuit. The cars were to be driven by Juan Manuel Fangio and Karl Kling, Stirling Moss and John Fitch, and Andr\u00e9 Simon joined by team newcomer Wolfgang von Trips. With works entries also from the likes of Aston Martin and Porsche, an incredible fifteen manufactures were represented in the field.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 38], "content_span": [39, 440]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072993-0003-0000", "contents": "1955 RAC Tourist Trophy, Report, Qualifying\nIn qualifying, the number 10 Mercedes-Benz of Moss and Fitch emerged with the fastest lap. Alongside them was the Hawthorn/Titterington Jaguar. A Ferrari was in third place, driven by Gendebien and Gregory, followed by Fangio/Kling. The third Mercedes, of von Trips and Simon, would start the race from seventh.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 43], "content_span": [44, 355]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072993-0004-0000", "contents": "1955 RAC Tourist Trophy, Report, Race\nFollowing an accident in practice, the Ferrari 857 Monza of Gendebien and Gregory did not start.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 37], "content_span": [38, 134]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072993-0005-0000", "contents": "1955 RAC Tourist Trophy, Report, Race\nThe race was held over 84 laps of the 7.416 miles Dundrod Circuit, giving a distance of 622.936 miles. To make matters worse, the race started in warm conditions, but it would not remain dry. Despite this, the German marque would finish in the first three places.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 37], "content_span": [38, 301]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072993-0006-0000", "contents": "1955 RAC Tourist Trophy, Report, Race\nAs the flag dropped, it was Moss who led the incredible array of cars around the County Antrim countryside. As there was an obvious threat of rain, this motivated the drivers to push a little harder at the beginning of the race than normal for a seven-hour event. But with so many cars, on such a tight and dangerous circuit, racing at high speed, on par with Le Mans, the TT was balancing between safety and catastrophic danger. There was no margin for error. Mercedes driver John Fitch had already publicly criticized the safety of the Dundrod circuit.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 37], "content_span": [38, 592]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072993-0007-0000", "contents": "1955 RAC Tourist Trophy, Report, Race\nWhile everyone was looking forward to a Mercedes/Jaguar duel, the Tourist Trophy was marred by tragedy, within the first few laps of the race. The Cooper-Climax T39 of Jim Mayers, who was sharing the car with Jack Brabham, hit a concrete pillar and the car immediately burst into a ball of flame. Mayers was killed instantly. This explosion caught out the approaching William Smith, at the wheel of a Connaught AL/SR. Smith plowed straight into Mayers and perished just a little while later. The deaths of two more drivers shortly after the horrific events previously at Le Mans only added to the numbness for many.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 37], "content_span": [38, 653]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072993-0008-0000", "contents": "1955 RAC Tourist Trophy, Report, Race\nMeanwhile, Moss was strong right from the start, as was Hawthorn. Hawthorn pushed his Jaguar D-Type as hard as he had when he won at Le Mans. He set the fastest lap of the race, averaging a speed of nearly 95\u00a0mph.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 37], "content_span": [38, 251]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072993-0009-0000", "contents": "1955 RAC Tourist Trophy, Report, Race\nWith a lead of one and a half minutes, the right rear tyre on Moss's 300 SLR began to throw its tread and tore through the rear-end bodywork. Incredibly, Moss managed to bring the car back to the pits, even with the damaged bodywork and shredded tyre. The mechanics set to work changing the tyre and pulling away some of the dangling bodywork. Having lost a lot of time, Moss and his co-driver Fitch drove flat-out in an effort to catch up with Hawthorn, and with it a shot at the win.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 37], "content_span": [38, 523]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072993-0010-0000", "contents": "1955 RAC Tourist Trophy, Report, Race\nAs the rain began to fall on the Irish countryside, the accidents kept on coming. In the first two laps, a total of nine cars were eliminated due to accidents. Of course, two of those were fatal, but then on lap 35, Richard Manwaring lost control of his Elva-Climax Mk I and crashed off the track. As a result of this crash, a third driver lost his life. It was clear that the cars of that day were out-pacing the roads upon which they were competing. Incredibly dangerous, the combination of fast cars and narrow lanes still made for some entertaining action. And, despite the deaths, the crowd remained, watching Hawthorn and Titterington trying to hold off Moss and Fitch.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 37], "content_span": [38, 713]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072993-0011-0000", "contents": "1955 RAC Tourist Trophy, Report, Race\nOnce the repairs had been made to the number 10 300SLR, Moss and Fitch managed to bring the car up to second place overall behind the sole works Jaguar D-Type. Still, Hawthorn and Titterington managed to hold off Mercedes, turning some truly fast laps around the Dundrod circuit.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 37], "content_span": [38, 317]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072993-0012-0000", "contents": "1955 RAC Tourist Trophy, Report, Race\nWith the finish in sight, the Jaguar remained in the lead ahead of the Mercedes, despite everything that Moss and Fitch could do, the Jaguar was just too far out of reach. But, all of a sudden, Hawthorn came to a screeching halt, just a few miles from the finish line. The Jaguar's engine seized, leaving the Coventry marque without any hope of winning the race, or even finishing. Although slowed by the damage and weather conditions, Moss and Fitch had been unable to close down the gap enough to be able to challenge for the lead. It was clear that Mercedes were \u2018gifted\u2019 the race.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 37], "content_span": [38, 622]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072993-0013-0000", "contents": "1955 RAC Tourist Trophy, Report, Race\nAs a result, car number 10 (Daimler-Benz AG), took an impressive victory, winning in a time of 7hrs 03:11 mins., averaging a speed of 88.321\u00a0mph. The retirement of the Jaguar led to Mercedes being able to take a sweep of the top three positions. Second place went to Fangio, for the second year in a row, and Kling, one lap down. The podium was complete by the other 300SLR, that of von Trips and Simon, two laps adrift. Meanwhile, the Aston Martin DB3S of Peter Walker and Dennis Poore were the best of the English entrants, finishing in fourth place, with the best of the works-Maserati further behind in fifth.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 37], "content_span": [38, 651]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072993-0014-0000", "contents": "1955 RAC Tourist Trophy, Report, Race\nOne of the outstanding drives of the race came from Peter Collins, whose Aston Martin DB3S was left stranded at the start due to a seized starter motor. Once the mechanics got the engine started, a furious Collins set off after the pack. After what must have been an astonishing first lap, he had climbed up to 14th. By lap 31, Collins had caught and passed Fangio for third before handing the car over to Tony Brooks, who was only able to complete a few laps before the Aston's engine expired.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 37], "content_span": [38, 532]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072993-0015-0000", "contents": "1955 RAC Tourist Trophy, Standings after the race\nChampionship points were awarded for the first six places in each race in the order of 8-6-4-3-2-1. Manufacturers were only awarded points for their highest finishing car with no points awarded for positions filled by additional cars. Only the best 4 results out of the 7 races could be retained by each manufacturer. Points earned but not counted towards the championship totals are listed within brackets in the above table.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 49], "content_span": [50, 476]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072994-0000-0000", "contents": "1955 Railway Cup Hurling Championship\nThe 1955 Railway Cup Hurling Championship was the 29th series of the inter-provincial hurling Railway Cup. Three matches were played between 13 March 1955 and 3 April 1955 to decide the title. It was contested by Connacht, Leinster, Munster and Ulster.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [37, 37], "content_span": [38, 290]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072994-0001-0000", "contents": "1955 Railway Cup Hurling Championship\nLeinster entered the championship as the defending champions, however, they were defeated by Munster at the semi-final stage.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [37, 37], "content_span": [38, 163]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072994-0002-0000", "contents": "1955 Railway Cup Hurling Championship\nOn 3 April 1955, Munster won the Railway Cup after a 6-08 to 3-04 defeat of Connacht in the final at Croke Park, Dublin. It was their 22nd Railway Cup title overall and their first title since 1953.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [37, 37], "content_span": [38, 236]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072994-0003-0000", "contents": "1955 Railway Cup Hurling Championship\nMunster's Christy Ring was the Railway Cup top scorer with 3-09.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [37, 37], "content_span": [38, 102]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072995-0000-0000", "contents": "1955 Rhineland-Palatinate state election\nThe Rhineland-Palatinate state election, 1955 was conducted on 15 May 1955 to elect members to the Landtag, the state legislature of Rhineland-Palatinate, West Germany.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [40, 40], "content_span": [41, 209]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072995-0001-0000", "contents": "1955 Rhineland-Palatinate state election\nThis German elections-related article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by .", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [40, 40], "content_span": [41, 117]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072996-0000-0000", "contents": "1955 Rhode Island Rams football team\nThe 1955 Rhode Island Rams football team was an American football team that represented the University of Rhode Island as a member of the Yankee Conference during the 1955 college football season. In its fifth season under head coach Hal Kopp, the team compiled a 6\u20131\u20132 record (4\u20130\u20131 against conference opponents), won the Yankee Conference championship, lost to Jacksonville State in the Refrigerator Bowl, and outscored all opponents by a total of 162 to 67. The team played its home games at Meade Stadium in Kingston, Rhode Island.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [36, 36], "content_span": [37, 572]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072997-0000-0000", "contents": "1955 Rice Owls football team\nThe 1955 Rice Owls football team represented Rice University during the 1955 college football season. The Owls were led by 16th-year head coach Jess Neely and played their home games at Rice Stadium in Houston, Texas. They competed as members of the Southwest Conference, finishing in last. Despite starting the year with high expectations, ranked 11th in the preseason AP Poll, the Owls had a disastrous season, finishing winless in conference and 2\u20137\u20131 overall. It was Rice's first losing season since 1945.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [28, 28], "content_span": [29, 538]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072998-0000-0000", "contents": "1955 Richmond 200\nThe 1955 Richmond 200 was a NASCAR Grand National Series event that was held on May 22, 1955, at Richmond Fairgrounds (now Richmond Raceway) in Richmond, Virginia. Two hundred laps took place on a dirt track spanning 0.500 miles (0.805\u00a0km). The exact time of the race was one hour, fifty minutes, and thirty seconds.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [17, 17], "content_span": [18, 334]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072998-0001-0000", "contents": "1955 Richmond 200\nQualifying was rained out so a draw for the pole position was held. All twenty-eight competitors were Americans. Individual race earnings for each driver ranged from $1,000 ($9,544 when considering inflation) to $50 ($477 when considering inflation); the total prize  given to competitors was $4,085 ($38,988 when considering inflation).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [17, 17], "content_span": [18, 355]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072998-0002-0000", "contents": "1955 Richmond 200, Background\nIn 1953, Richmond International Raceway began hosting the Grand National Series with Lee Petty winning that first race in Richmond. The original track was paved in 1968. In 1988, the track was re-designed into its present D-shaped configuration", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 29], "content_span": [30, 274]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072998-0003-0000", "contents": "1955 Richmond 200, Background\nThe name for the raceway complex was \"Strawberry Hill\" until the Virginia State Fairgrounds site was bought out in 1999 and renamed the \"Richmond International Raceway\". The Strawberry Hill Races, which are a series of steeplechase horse races were formerly held the third Saturday of April at the Richmond Raceway Complex. In 2000, the races were moved to Colonial Downs in New Kent County, Virginia's first Thoroughbred racetrack.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 29], "content_span": [30, 462]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072998-0004-0000", "contents": "1955 Richmond 200, Race report\nTim Flock won the race; beating his brother Fonty. Flock would acquire his third consecutive win. They both were driving 1955 Chrysler 300s. Flock would lead the most laps with 123 out of 200. Jim Paschal would score his 100th career NASCAR Grand National Series start in this event. Sonny Hutchins would make his NASCAR Cup Series debut in this race. Notable crew chiefs for this race were E.K. Adkins.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 30], "content_span": [31, 434]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072998-0005-0000", "contents": "1955 Richmond 200, Race report\nLocal NASCAR owners like Junie Donlavey and Emanuel Zervakis would refine Hutchins' stock car driving skills shortly after the conclusion of this race. Jimmie Lewallen (driving the 1955 model year Oldsmobile 88 machine) finished in last place (his record listed the reason as being stuck in the mud). The number 88 designation may or may not have been an indirect promotion to the Oldsmobile 88 vehicle; one of the hottest selling vehicles during the mid-1950s.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 30], "content_span": [31, 492]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072998-0006-0000", "contents": "1955 Richmond 200, Race report\nArden Mounts gained the pole from a draw. Henry Ford (no relation to the founder of the Ford Motor Company) would compete in the second-to-last race of his one-season career.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 30], "content_span": [31, 205]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072998-0007-0000", "contents": "1955 Richmond 200, Race report\nOther notable racers included: Lee Petty, Junior Johnson, and Billy Carden. The average speed of the race is 54.298 miles per hour (87.384\u00a0km/h). Most drivers owned their own vehicle. Local gas stations would often have stock cars ready for that day's NASCAR Cup Series racing event. Since the race took place on a dirt track, speeds were generally lower than the races that took place on paved oval courses.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 30], "content_span": [31, 439]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072998-0008-0000", "contents": "1955 Richmond 200, Finishing order\n\u2020 signifies that the driver is known to be deceased * Driver failed to finish race", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 34], "content_span": [35, 117]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00072999-0000-0000", "contents": "1955 Richmond Spiders football team\nThe 1955 Richmond Spiders football team was an American football team that represented the University of Richmond in the 1955 college football season as a member of the Southern Conference (SoCon). Led by Ed Merrick in his fifth season as head coach, the team compiled a record of 4\u20133\u20132 overall with a mark of 3\u20132\u20132 in SoCon play to place fifth.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [35, 35], "content_span": [36, 381]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073000-0000-0000", "contents": "1955 Roller Hockey World Cup\nThe 1955 Roller Hockey World Cup was the eleventh roller hockey world cup, organized by the F\u00e9d\u00e9ration Internationale de Patinage a Roulettes (now under the name of F\u00e9d\u00e9ration Internationale de Roller Sports). It was contested by 14 national teams (13 from Europe and 1 from South America) and it is also considered the 1955 European Roller Hockey Championship (despite the presence of Chile). Each group was played in a different Italian city, with the final-eight played in the city of Milan, in Italy (officially the host city).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [28, 28], "content_span": [29, 560]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073001-0000-0000", "contents": "1955 Rose Bowl\nThe 1955 Rose Bowl was the 41st edition of the college football bowl game, played at the Rose Bowl in Pasadena, California, on Saturday, January 1. The top-ranked Ohio State Buckeyes of the Big\u00a0Ten Conference defeated the USC\u00a0Trojans of the Pacific Coast Conference, 20\u20137.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [14, 14], "content_span": [15, 287]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073001-0001-0000", "contents": "1955 Rose Bowl\nOhio State head coach Woody Hayes came into his first Rose Bowl tied for the national championship with PCC champion UCLA. However, #2 UCLA was locked out of the game because of the \"no-repeat\" rule.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [14, 14], "content_span": [15, 214]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073001-0002-0000", "contents": "1955 Rose Bowl, Teams, Ohio State\nOhio State quarterback Dave Leggett threw eleven passes, completing six, one a touchdown pass to Robert Archbald Watkins Jr. Halfback Hopalong Cassady ran for 92 yards and led the Buckeyes to 304 yards on the ground and an overall advantage of 360-206 yards in total offense.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [16, 33], "content_span": [34, 309]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073001-0003-0000", "contents": "1955 Rose Bowl, Teams, USC\nThe only touchdown by USC was an 86-yard punt return by Aramis Dandoy.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [16, 26], "content_span": [27, 97]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073001-0004-0000", "contents": "1955 Rose Bowl, Game summary\nThe teams played in the first rainstorm to hit Pasadena during a Rose Bowl in more than 50 years. The fans were under umbrellas, and it rained during the entire game, turning the field to mud.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [16, 28], "content_span": [29, 221]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073002-0000-0000", "contents": "1955 Round Australia Trial\nThe 1955 Round Australia Trial, officially the Redex Trial, was the third running of the Round Australia Trial. The rally took place between 21 August and 11 September 1955. The event covered 16,900 kilometres around Australia. It was won by Laurie Whitehead and Bob Foreman, driving a Volkswagen 1200.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [26, 26], "content_span": [27, 329]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073003-0000-0000", "contents": "1955 Rutgers Scarlet Knights football team\nThe 1955 Rutgers Scarlet Knights football team represented Rutgers University in the 1955 college football season. In their 14th and final season under head coach Harvey Harman, the Scarlet Knights compiled a 3\u20135 record and were outscored by their opponents 22 to 13.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 42], "section_span": [42, 42], "content_span": [43, 310]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073004-0000-0000", "contents": "1955 Ryder Cup\nThe 11th Ryder Cup Matches were held November 5\u20136, 1955 at Thunderbird Country Club in Rancho Mirage, California. The United States team won its seventh consecutive competition by a score of 8 to 4 points.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [14, 14], "content_span": [15, 220]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073004-0001-0000", "contents": "1955 Ryder Cup, Format\nThe Ryder Cup is a match play event, with each match worth one point. From 1927 through 1959, the format consisted of 4 foursome (alternate shot) matches on the first day and 8 singles matches on the second day, for a total of 12 points. Therefore, 61\u20442 points were required to win the Cup. All matches were played to a maximum of 36 holes.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [16, 22], "content_span": [23, 363]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073004-0002-0000", "contents": "1955 Ryder Cup, Teams\nSeven members of the British team were chosen from the Order of Merit after the 1955 Open Championship. To qualify players had to play in 5 of the 6 qualifying events. The qualifying events were all stroke-play tournaments played in Great Britain from the Spalding Tournament ending on 22 April to the Open Championship ending on 8 July. The last three places were chosen by the seven players already selected and the four members of the PGA tournament sub-committee. The seven who qualified after the Open were: Rees, Bradshaw, Scott, Weetman, O'Connor, Bousfield and Jacobs.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [16, 21], "content_span": [22, 598]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073004-0002-0001", "contents": "1955 Ryder Cup, Teams\nLater in July, Rees was chosen as captain. The three remaining players, Brown, Lees and Fallon, were chosen at the end of the Dunlop Masters in September. Brown had recently lost in the final of the News of the World Match Play where Lees was a losing semi-finalist. Fallon was runner-up in the Open Championship.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [16, 21], "content_span": [22, 335]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073004-0003-0000", "contents": "1955 Ryder Cup, Saturday's foursome matches\n18 hole scores: Harper/Barber: 2 up, Ford/Kroll: 3 up, Lees/Weetman: 1 up, Bradshaw/Rees v Snead/Middlecoff: all square.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [16, 43], "content_span": [44, 164]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073004-0004-0000", "contents": "1955 Ryder Cup, Sunday's singles matches\n18 hole scores: Bolt: 3 up, Harbert: 6 up, Middlecoff: 2 up, Snead: 5 up, Lees v Furgol: all square, Brown: 3 up, Bradshaw v Burke: all square, Ford: 1 up.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [16, 40], "content_span": [41, 196]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073004-0005-0000", "contents": "1955 Ryder Cup, Individual player records\nEach entry refers to the Win\u2013Loss\u2013Half record of the player.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [16, 41], "content_span": [42, 102]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073005-0000-0000", "contents": "1955 SANFL Grand Final\nThe 1955 SANFL Grand Final was an Australian rules football championship game. Port Adelaide beat Norwood 101 to 38.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [22, 22], "content_span": [23, 139]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073006-0000-0000", "contents": "1955 SANFL season\nThe 1955 South Australian National Football League season was the 76th season of the top-level Australian rules football competition in South Australia.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [17, 17], "content_span": [18, 170]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073007-0000-0000", "contents": "1955 SCCA National Sports Car Championship\nThe 1955 SCCA National Sports Car Championship season was the fifth season of the Sports Car Club of America's National Sports Car Championship. It began February 27, 1955, and ended November 13, 1955, after fourteen races.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 42], "section_span": [42, 42], "content_span": [43, 266]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073008-0000-0000", "contents": "1955 Saar Statute referendum\nA referendum on the Saar statute was held in the Saar Protectorate on 23 October 1955. The statute would have made the territory an independent polity under the auspices of a European Commissioner, to be appointed by the Council of Ministers of the Western European Union, while remaining in the economic union with France.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [28, 28], "content_span": [29, 352]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073008-0001-0000", "contents": "1955 Saar Statute referendum\nIts rejection by voters was taken as an indication that they would rather reunite with West Germany. On 27 October 1956  France and West Germany concluded the Saar Treaty establishing that Saarland should be allowed to join West Germany as provided by article 23 of its constitution (Grundgesetz). Saarland subsequently became a state of Germany with effect from 1 January 1957.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [28, 28], "content_span": [29, 407]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073009-0000-0000", "contents": "1955 Sacramento State Hornets football team\nThe 1955 Sacramento State Hornets football team represented Sacramento State College during the 1955 college football season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 43], "section_span": [43, 43], "content_span": [44, 169]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073009-0001-0000", "contents": "1955 Sacramento State Hornets football team\nSacramento State competed in the Far Western Conference (FWC) in their second year of intercollegiate play. The Hornets were led by second-year head coach Dave Strong. They played home games at Charles C. Hughes Stadium in Sacramento, California. After going winless in their first season, the Hornets won their first game ever in the opener against Southern Oregon. However, they lost the rest of their games, finishing the season with a record of one win and six losses (1\u20136, 0\u20135 FWC). For the season the team was outscored by its opponents 48\u2013176.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 43], "section_span": [43, 43], "content_span": [44, 594]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073009-0002-0000", "contents": "1955 Sacramento State Hornets football team, Team players in the NFL\nNo Sacramento State players were selected in the 1956 NFL Draft.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 43], "section_span": [45, 68], "content_span": [69, 133]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073010-0000-0000", "contents": "1955 Saga gubernatorial election\nA gubernatorial election was held on 23 April 1955 to elect the Governor of Saga Prefecture. Incumbent Naotsugu Nabeshima defeated newcomer Genji Yoshida.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [32, 32], "content_span": [33, 187]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073011-0000-0000", "contents": "1955 Sammarinese general election\nGeneral elections were held in San Marino on 14 August 1955. Although the Sammarinese Christian Democratic Party remained the largest party, winning 23 of the 60 seats in the Grand and General Council, the alliance of the Sammarinese Communist Party and Sammarinese Socialist Party retained its majority.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [33, 33], "content_span": [34, 338]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073011-0001-0000", "contents": "1955 Sammarinese general election, Electoral system\nVoters had to be citizens of San Marino, male and at least 24 years old.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 51], "content_span": [52, 124]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073012-0000-0000", "contents": "1955 San Diego State Aztecs football team\nThe 1955 San Diego State Aztecs football team represented San Diego State College during the 1955 college football season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 41], "section_span": [41, 41], "content_span": [42, 164]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073012-0001-0000", "contents": "1955 San Diego State Aztecs football team\nSan Diego State competed in the California Collegiate Athletic Association (CCAA). The team was led by ninth-year head coach Bill Schutte, and played home games at both Aztec Bowl and Balboa Stadium. They finished the season with two and eight losses (2\u20138, 0\u20132 CCAA). The Aztecs were shutout three times, and a touchdown or less in 8 of 10 games. Overall, the team was outscored 65\u2013231 for the season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 41], "section_span": [41, 41], "content_span": [42, 443]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073012-0002-0000", "contents": "1955 San Diego State Aztecs football team, Team players in the NFL\nNo San Diego State players were selected in the 1956 NFL Draft.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 41], "section_span": [43, 66], "content_span": [67, 130]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073013-0000-0000", "contents": "1955 San Diego mayoral election\nThe 1955 San Diego mayoral election was held on April 19, 1955 to elect the mayor for San Diego. Incumbent mayor John D. Butler did not stand for reelection. In the primary election, Charles Dail and Harry L. Foster received the most votes and advanced to a runoff election. Dail was then elected mayor with a majority of the votes in the runoff.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [31, 31], "content_span": [32, 378]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073013-0001-0000", "contents": "1955 San Diego mayoral election, Campaign\nIncumbent Mayor John D. Butler did not stand for reelection. On March 8, 1955, Charles Dail came first in the primary election with 39.4 percent of the vote, followed by Harry L. Foster with 27.5 percent. Because no candidate received a majority of the vote, Dail and Foster advanced to a runoff election. On April 19, 1955, Dail received 50.7 percent of the vote in the runoff and was elected to the office of the mayor.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 41], "content_span": [42, 463]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073014-0000-0000", "contents": "1955 San Francisco 49ers season\nThe 1955 San Francisco 49ers season was the franchise's 6th season in the National Football League and their 10th overall.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [31, 31], "content_span": [32, 154]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073014-0001-0000", "contents": "1955 San Francisco 49ers season\nThey were coming off a 7\u20134\u20131 record in 1954, finishing in 3rd place in the Western Conference.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [31, 31], "content_span": [32, 126]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073014-0002-0000", "contents": "1955 San Francisco 49ers season\nSan Francisco would replace head coach Buck Shaw, who had been the only head coach of the club. The new coach would be Red Strader, who had previously been the head coach of the New York Yanks from 1950 to 1951, where he had a record of 8\u201314\u20132 in his 2 seasons there.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [31, 31], "content_span": [32, 299]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073014-0003-0000", "contents": "1955 San Francisco 49ers season\nThe 49ers started the year with 2 losses at home but would rebound with 2 road victories and sat with a .500 record after 4 games. San Francisco would split their next 2 games at home and have a 3\u20133 record. The team would then fall into a slump, and lose their next 5 games, before winning their final game of the season and finishing it with a 4\u20138 record, their worst season since the team's first season in the NFL in 1950, when they finished 3\u20139.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [31, 31], "content_span": [32, 481]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073014-0004-0000", "contents": "1955 San Francisco 49ers season\nOffensively, Y. A. Tittle threw for 2185 yards, completing 51.2% of his passes, and had a league-high 17 touchdown passes. However, Tittle had 28 passes that were intercepted. Billy Wilson was Tittle's favorite target, as he had a team high 53 receptions for 831 yards and seven touchdowns. Joe Perry led the club by rushing for 701 yards, while Dickie Moegle rushed for a team-high five touchdowns.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [31, 31], "content_span": [32, 431]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073014-0005-0000", "contents": "1955 San Francisco 49ers season, Schedule, Standings\nNote: Tie games were not officially counted in the standings until 1972.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 52], "content_span": [53, 125]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073015-0000-0000", "contents": "1955 San Francisco State Gators football team\nThe 1955 San Francisco State Gators football team represented San Francisco State College during the 1955 college football season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 45], "section_span": [45, 45], "content_span": [46, 176]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073015-0001-0000", "contents": "1955 San Francisco State Gators football team\nSan Francisco State competed in the Far Western Conference (FWC). The Gators were led by 6th-year head coach Joe Verducci. They played home games at Cox Stadium in San Francisco, California. The team finished the season with a record of five wins and five losses (5\u20135, 3\u20132 FWC). For the season the team outscored its opponents 171\u2013142.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 45], "section_span": [45, 45], "content_span": [46, 381]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073015-0002-0000", "contents": "1955 San Francisco State Gators football team, Team players in the NFL\nNo San Francisco State players were selected in the 1956 NFL Draft.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 45], "section_span": [47, 70], "content_span": [71, 138]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073016-0000-0000", "contents": "1955 San Jose State Spartans football team\nThe 1955 San Jose State Spartans football team represented San Jose State College during the 1955 college football season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 42], "section_span": [42, 42], "content_span": [43, 165]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073016-0001-0000", "contents": "1955 San Jose State Spartans football team\nSan Jose State played as an Independent in 1955. The team was led by sixth-year head coach Bob Bronzan, and played home games at Spartan Stadium in San Jose, California. They finished the season with a record of five wins, three losses and one tie (5\u20133\u20131). Overall, the team outscored its opponents 159\u2013114 for the season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 42], "section_span": [42, 42], "content_span": [43, 365]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073016-0002-0000", "contents": "1955 San Jose State Spartans football team, Team players in the NFL\nThe following San Jose State players were selected in the 1956 NFL Draft.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 42], "section_span": [44, 67], "content_span": [68, 141]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073017-0000-0000", "contents": "1955 Santa Barbara Gauchos football team\nThe 1955 UC Santa Barbara Gauchos football team represented Santa Barbara College during the 1955 college football season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [40, 40], "content_span": [41, 163]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073017-0001-0000", "contents": "1955 Santa Barbara Gauchos football team\nSanta Barbara competed in the California Collegiate Athletic Association (CCAA). The team was led by eighth-year head coach Stan Williamson, and played home games at La Playa Stadium in Santa Barbara, California. They finished the season with a record of three wins and six losses (3\u20136, 1\u20131 CCAA).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [40, 40], "content_span": [41, 338]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073017-0002-0000", "contents": "1955 Santa Barbara Gauchos football team, Team players in the NFL\nNo Santa Barbara Gaucho players were selected in the 1956 NFL Draft.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [42, 65], "content_span": [66, 134]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073018-0000-0000", "contents": "1955 Santos FC season\nThe 1955 season was the forty-fourth season for Santos FC.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [21, 21], "content_span": [22, 80]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073019-0000-0000", "contents": "1955 Scottish League Cup Final\nThe 1955 Scottish League Cup Final was played on 22 October 1955, at Hampden Park in Glasgow and was the final of the 10th Scottish League Cup competition. The final was contested by Aberdeen and St Mirren. Aberdeen won the match 2\u20131, thanks to a goal by Graham Leggat and an own goal by Jim Mallan. The winning goal, scored 11 minutes from the end, was a wind-assisted cross. The match proved to be St Mirren's last appearance in a Scottish League Cup Final until 2010.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [30, 30], "content_span": [31, 501]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073020-0000-0000", "contents": "1955 Scottish representative peers election\nAn election for 16 Scottish representative peers took place on Monday 23 May 1955 at the Parliament House in Edinburgh.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 43], "section_span": [43, 43], "content_span": [44, 163]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073020-0001-0000", "contents": "1955 Scottish representative peers election, Procedure\nThe venue for the meeting caused some difficulty as the general election was called for the week when the General Assembly of the Church of Scotland was due to meet; by tradition the Church would not meet on the day of the general election, which meant the only day for the Peers to meet was Monday 23 May.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 43], "section_span": [45, 54], "content_span": [55, 361]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073020-0001-0001", "contents": "1955 Scottish representative peers election, Procedure\nThis was the day before the Church Assembly opened and the day on which the Lord High Commissioner to the General Assembly of the Church of Scotland took up residence at Holyrood Palace, which was the normal location for the Peers to meet. Instead it was decided the peers should meet at Parliament House, built for the Parliament of Scotland but now part of the law courts. The Lord President of the Court of Session and the Faculty of Advocates agreed to the use of Parliament House.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 43], "section_span": [45, 54], "content_span": [55, 540]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073020-0002-0000", "contents": "1955 Scottish representative peers election, Procedure\nAccordingly, the date, time and place of the meeting was set in a Royal Proclamation of 6 May 1955. Lord Elphinstone, who held the role of Lord Clerk Register, presided for the last time. When the Principal Clerk of Session George Watson read the roll of Peers of Scotland, 113 names were read, and 32 answered that they were present. Lord Polwarth produced a proxy on behalf of the Duke of Montrose, and 22 Peers had submitted \"Signed Lists\" as a form of absent voting. Lord Elphinstone himself chose not to vote; this was the \"customary but not compulsory practice\" of the Lord Clerk Register.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 43], "section_span": [45, 54], "content_span": [55, 650]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073020-0003-0000", "contents": "1955 Scottish representative peers election, Result\nTwo new representative peers were elected who had not sat in the previous Parliament - Lord Forbes and Lord Reay.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 43], "section_span": [45, 51], "content_span": [52, 165]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073021-0000-0000", "contents": "1955 Segunda Divisi\u00f3n Peruana\nThe 1955 Segunda Divisi\u00f3n Peruana, the second division of Peruvian football (soccer), was played by 10 teams. The tournament winner, Carlos Concha was promoted to the Primera Divisi\u00f3n Peruana 1956.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [29, 29], "content_span": [30, 227]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073022-0000-0000", "contents": "1955 Segunda Divisi\u00f3n de Chile\nThe 1955 Segunda Divisi\u00f3n de Chile was the fourth season of the Segunda Divisi\u00f3n de Chile.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [30, 30], "content_span": [31, 121]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073023-0000-0000", "contents": "1955 Sicilian regional election\nThe Sicilian regional election of 1955 took place on 5 June 1955.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [31, 31], "content_span": [32, 97]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073023-0001-0000", "contents": "1955 Sicilian regional election\nChristian Democracy was by far the largest party, largely ahead of the Italian Communist Party. After the election Giuseppe Alessi and, later, Giuseppe La Loggia governed the Region at the head of a centre-right coalition that included the Italian Liberal Party, the Italian Democratic Socialist Party and, since 1956, the Italian Social Movement.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [31, 31], "content_span": [32, 379]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073023-0002-0000", "contents": "1955 Sicilian regional election\nAfter a brief one-party government by La Loggia, Silvio Milazzo, a left-wing Christian Democrat, broke ranks, launched his own Social Christian Sicilian Union and formed a government that included the extremes: the left-wing Italian Communist Party (along with the Italian Socialist Party) on one side and the right-wing Italian Social Movement (along with the Monarchist National Party) on the other side.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [31, 31], "content_span": [32, 438]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073024-0000-0000", "contents": "1955 Singaporean general election\nGeneral elections were held in Singapore on 2 April 1955 to elect the 25 elected seats in the Legislative Assembly. Nomination day was on 28 February 1955.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [33, 33], "content_span": [34, 189]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073024-0001-0000", "contents": "1955 Singaporean general election, Background\nFollowing the promulgation of the Rendel Constitution, the 1955 elections were the first occasion on which a majority of the seats were to be elected rather than be appointed by the colonial authorities. The new constitution was written after recommendations by a committee to grant local citizens more autonomy, headed by George Rendel, were passed.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 45], "content_span": [46, 396]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073024-0002-0000", "contents": "1955 Singaporean general election, Background\nAccording to the new Constitution, locals would share executive power with the colonial authorities and there would be a Chief Minister among elected legislators. The number of elected seats was increased to 25, with the British government appointing the remaining seven members. For the first time, political parties were permitted to adopt a standard party symbol for all their candidates and independents to select theirs instead of balloting for them.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 45], "content_span": [46, 501]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073024-0003-0000", "contents": "1955 Singaporean general election, Background\nThe Governor of Singapore and Colonial Secretary posts were replaced by a Chief Secretary, who inherited the power to appoint four nominated Assembly Members. Also scrapped were the seats of the Solicitor-General, two directors, two ex-officios, the three commercial organisations and the City Council representative.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 45], "content_span": [46, 363]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073024-0004-0000", "contents": "1955 Singaporean general election, Results\nMuch to the surprise for British, who had anticipated a Progressive victory and its leader, Tan Chye Cheng, to emerge as Chief Minister, it was the Labour Front that garnered the most seats and its chairman, David Marshall, thus became Singapore's first Chief Minister. Both losing and winning parties were shocked by the results. Labour Front formed a government with support of the Malayan Chinese Association (MCA), UMNO and the Malay Union.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 42], "content_span": [43, 487]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073024-0005-0000", "contents": "1955 Singaporean general election, Results\nIn its first elections, the newly formed People's Action Party, led by lawyer and former Progressive Party election agent Lee Kuan Yew, chose to field only a handful of candidates to protest against the Rendel Constitution. As independent member Ahmad bin Ibrahim joined PAP following the election, PAP had 4 members in the Assembly and thus Lee became the new Leader of the Opposition.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 42], "content_span": [43, 429]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073024-0006-0000", "contents": "1955 Singaporean general election, Results\nThe election saw the electorate multiply 6 folds. Voter turnout barely increased by 0.61% to 52.66%. 6 of the 25 constituencies saw voter turnout less than 50%. The lowest was that of Geylang which saw only 40.84% turning up to vote. This surpassed the City Constituency's 43.93% turnout in 1951 and with compulsory voting introduced in the next 1959 General Election, this was the lowest turnout in a constituency in the non-compulsory voting period (1948-1959). The constituency with the highest voter turnout was that of Southern Islands at 69.79%.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 42], "content_span": [43, 594]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073024-0006-0001", "contents": "1955 Singaporean general election, Results\nThe election's best performing candidate was Labour Front candidate and Future Chief Minister Lim Yew Hock who polled 86.48% of the votes. The worst performing candidate was Independent candidate Chua Kim Watt who polled just 0.55% of the votes in Farrer Park. Labour Front leader and Chief Ministerial candidate David Saul Marshall won his Cairnhill constituency with 47.58% of the votes. Future Prime Minister of Singapore and PAP leader Lee Kuan Yew won his Tanjong Pagar constituency with 78.33% over his two rival candidates making it the second best performance after Lim Yew Hock. Ironically, PP leader Tan Chye Cheng was defeated in Cairnhill by David Marshall and polled just 36.42%. 10 candidates lost their $500 election deposits.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 42], "content_span": [43, 784]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073024-0007-0000", "contents": "1955 Singaporean general election, Results\nFuture Chief Minister of Singapore Lim Yew Hock won with the biggest margin of 78.58% while Malay Union candidate Mohamed Sidik bin Abdul Hamid won with the narrowest margin of just 1.15%.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 42], "content_span": [43, 231]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073024-0008-0000", "contents": "1955 Singaporean general election, Results\nOut of the 7 non-elected seats, 3 were ex-officio members namely: Sir William Goode (the Chief Secretary of Singapore), Sir John Edward Davies (the Attorney-General of Singapore) and Thomas Mure Hart, the Finance Secretary of Singapore.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 42], "content_span": [43, 279]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073024-0009-0000", "contents": "1955 Singaporean general election, Results\n4 members were nominated out of which 2 were from the Labour Front and 2 Independents. This gave the LF 12 seats. The Labour Front formed a Coalition Government with UMNO and MCA each having 1 seat. The LF-UMNO-MCA Coalition had 14 seats and with British support (3 ex-officio members) had 17 seats just enough for a majority in the 32-seat Assembly. On  6 April 1955, David Marshall was sworn in as the First Chief Minister of Singapore making him also the First Head of Government in the country.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 42], "content_span": [43, 541]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073024-0010-0000", "contents": "1955 Singaporean general election, Results\nAs of 2021, this election remains the only election to have produced a minority government and a hung legislature. It also remains the only election to have produced a Non-PAP Government in the history of Singapore.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 42], "content_span": [43, 258]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073025-0000-0000", "contents": "1955 Six Hour Le Mans\nThe 1955 Six Hour Le Mans was an endurance motor race, staged at the Caversham Airfield circuit near Perth in Western Australia on 11 April 1955. The event was the first of a sequence of eighteen Six Hour Le Mans races to be held in Western Australia between 1955 and 1972.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [21, 21], "content_span": [22, 295]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073025-0001-0000", "contents": "1955 Six Hour Le Mans\nThe race, which attracted eleven starters, was staged on the \"Triangle\" layout of the Caversham circuit as the more commonly used \"D\" layout was considered to be too demanding for an event of this duration. The event was dominated by the Austin-Healey 100 driven by Sydney Anderson & Sid Taylor, with its only serious opposition, a Jaguar XK120, retiring near the halfway mark. Much of the race was held in wet conditions, a situation which would occur frequently during the history of the Six Hour.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [21, 21], "content_span": [22, 521]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073026-0000-0000", "contents": "1955 Small Club World Cup\nThe 1955 Small Club World Cup was the fourth edition of the Small Club World Cup, a tournament held in Venezuela between 1952 and 1957, and in 1963 and in 1965. It was played by four participants, half from Europe and half from South America in double round robin format and featured players like Mario Coluna, Jos\u00e9 \u00c1guas, goalkeeper Costa Pereira for Benfica, Dino Sani, N\u00edlton de Sordi for Sao Paulo, Dutch Faas Wilkes and Pasieguito for Valencia.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [25, 25], "content_span": [26, 475]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073026-0001-0000", "contents": "1955 Small Club World Cup\nAs Milan and Real Madrid declined to participate, they were replaced by Spanish club Valencia and local team La Salle. On the other hand, Brazilian club S\u00e3o Paulo's participation was part of a tour that also included Colombia and Mexico, while Valencia became the third Spanish team to visit Venezuela, after Real Madrid and Barcelona.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [25, 25], "content_span": [26, 361]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073026-0002-0000", "contents": "1955 Small Club World Cup\nThe tournament was organised by Spanish entrepreneurs Dami\u00e1n Gaubeka and Pedro Reyes, and named \"Copa General de Brigada Marcos P\u00e9rez Jim\u00e9nez\" by the press, which never mentioned it as \"Peque\u00f1a Copa del Mundo\". Argentine striker Rub\u00e9n Pad\u00edn of La Salle (who had been loaned from C\u00facuta Deportivo to play this tournament exclusively) was the topscorer with 10 goals.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [25, 25], "content_span": [26, 391]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073027-0000-0000", "contents": "1955 South African Senate election\nThe 1955 election for the sixth Senate of South Africa occurred because of the wish of National Party Prime Minister Johannes Strijdom to amend one of the entrenched clauses in the Constitution, to separate Coloured voters from whites. However, since his party did not have the constitutionally required two-thirds majority in a joint session of both houses of Parliament, it was decided to alter the composition and electoral system for the Senate, to enable the Separate Representation of Voters Act 1951 to be validated. Consequently, Strijdom had the Senate Act 1955 passed to amend the constitution.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [34, 34], "content_span": [35, 639]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073027-0001-0000", "contents": "1955 South African Senate election\nInstead of each province electing eight Senators, by proportional representation, the new system required provincial representatives to be selected by a first past the post election in the Electoral College. The effect of this was to enable the majority group from each province (NP in all the provinces, except for Natal) to secure all the seats available. In addition, Cape Province and Transvaal had their representation increased to 22 and 27 seats respectively. The number of Senators nominated by the Governor-General was doubled from eight to sixteen. The representation of South-West Africa and black voters was unchanged.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [34, 34], "content_span": [35, 665]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073027-0002-0000", "contents": "1955 South African Senate election\nAnother change made in 1955 was to reduce Senatorial terms from ten years to five. The size of the Senate rose from 44 to 89 (increased to 90 in 1957 when a nominated Senator was added based on section 7 of the Separate Representation of Voters Act, 1951 to represent the coloured population of the Cape Province for a fixed term until 1962).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [34, 34], "content_span": [35, 377]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073028-0000-0000", "contents": "1955 South American Basketball Championship\nThe South American Basketball Championship 1955 was the 16th edition of this tournament. It was played in C\u00facuta, Colombia. The title holder is Uruguay.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 43], "section_span": [43, 43], "content_span": [44, 196]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073029-0000-0000", "contents": "1955 South American Championship\nThe South American Championship 1955 was a football tournament held in Chile and won by Argentina with Chile as runners-up. Brazil, Bolivia, and Colombia withdrew from the tournament. Rodolfo Micheli from Argentina became top scorer of the tournament with 8 goals.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [32, 32], "content_span": [33, 297]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073030-0000-0000", "contents": "1955 South American Championship squads\nThe following squads were named for the 1955 South American Championship that took place in Chile.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [39, 39], "content_span": [40, 138]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073031-0000-0000", "contents": "1955 South Carolina Gamecocks football team\nThe 1955 South Carolina Gamecocks football team represented the University of South Carolina in the Atlantic Coast Conference in the 1955 college football season. The Gamecocks finished the season 3\u20136 overall.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 43], "section_span": [43, 43], "content_span": [44, 253]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073032-0000-0000", "contents": "1955 South Dakota Coyotes football team\nThe 1955 South Dakota Coyotes football team was an American football team that represented the University of South Dakota in the North Central Conference (NCC) during the 1955 college football season. In its 17th season under head coach Harry Gamage, the team compiled a 4\u20134 record (3\u20133 against NCC opponents), tied for fifth place out of seven teams in the NCC, and outscored opponents by a total of 191 to 151. The team played its home games at Inman Field in Vermillion, South Dakota.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [39, 39], "content_span": [40, 527]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073033-0000-0000", "contents": "1955 South Dakota State Jackrabbits football team\nThe 1955 South Dakota State Jackrabbits football team was an American football team that represented South Dakota State University in the North Central Conference (NCC) during the 1955 college football season. In its ninth season under head coach Ralph Ginn, the team compiled a 6\u20132\u20131 record, won the NCC championship, and outscored opponents by a total of 197 to 114.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 49], "section_span": [49, 49], "content_span": [50, 418]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073033-0001-0000", "contents": "1955 South Dakota State Jackrabbits football team\nThe team's statistical leaders included Bob Betz with 725 rushing yards and Dick Steiner with 483 passing yards. Other key players included end Jerry Acheson, tackle Harwood Hoeft, guard Len Spanjers, center Dick Lawitter, and back Larry \"Bubb\" Korver.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 49], "section_span": [49, 49], "content_span": [50, 302]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073034-0000-0000", "contents": "1955 South Norfolk by-election\nThe South Norfolk by-election, 1955 was a by-election held on 13 January 1955, for the British House of Commons constituency of South Norfolk.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [30, 30], "content_span": [31, 173]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073034-0001-0000", "contents": "1955 South Norfolk by-election\nThe by-election was triggered by the expulsion of the serving Conservative Member of Parliament (MP), Peter Baker, who had been expelled from the House of Commons after being convicted of uttering, forgery and fraud and sentenced to seven years' imprisonment.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [30, 30], "content_span": [31, 290]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073034-0002-0000", "contents": "1955 South Norfolk by-election\nIn the early 1920s, South Norfolk had been a marginal seat which alternated between Conservative and Labour MPs, before the Conservative James Christie held it from the 1924 election until Labour's Christopher Mayhew won the seat at the 1945 general election. Baker had recaptured South Norfolk for the Conservatives in 1950 and held it in 1951; but with majorities of 6.8% and 9.0%, it was far from being a safe seat for the Conservative Party.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [30, 30], "content_span": [31, 476]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073034-0003-0000", "contents": "1955 South Norfolk by-election\nThe result was a narrow win for the Conservative candidate John Hill, with a majority of only 865 votes (2.9%) over his sole opponent, the Labour candidate J. M. Stewart. At the general election in May 1955, Hill again faced Stewart, and on a much higher turnout held the seat with a majority of 1,475 (4.1%). He remained South Norfolk's MP until his retirement from Parliament at the February 1974 general election.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [30, 30], "content_span": [31, 447]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073035-0000-0000", "contents": "1955 South Pacific Championship for racing cars\nThe 1955 South Pacific Championship for racing cars was a motor race staged at the Gnoo Blas Motor Racing Circuit at Orange in New South Wales, Australia on 31 January 1955. The race, which was a Formula Libre event open to racing cars and stripped sports cars, was contested as a scratch race which also incorporated a handicap award. It was held over 27 laps  of the 3\u00be mile circuit  for a total distance of 100 miles. The race, which was the first South Pacific Championship for racing cars, was won by Englishman Peter Whitehead driving a 3 litre Ferrari.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 47], "section_span": [47, 47], "content_span": [48, 607]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073035-0001-0000", "contents": "1955 South Pacific Championship for racing cars\nThe championship meeting, which was conducted by the Australian Sporting Car Club, was the first FIA sanctioned international race meeting to be staged in Australia.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 47], "section_span": [47, 47], "content_span": [48, 213]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073036-0000-0000", "contents": "1955 South West African legislative election\nLegislative elections were held in South West Africa on 16 November 1955. The whites-only election saw a victory for the National Party of South West Africa, which won 16 of the 18 seats in the Legislative Assembly.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [44, 44], "content_span": [45, 260]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073036-0001-0000", "contents": "1955 South West African legislative election, Electoral system\nThe 18 members of the Legislative Assembly were elected from single-member constituencies: Aroab, Gobabis, Grootfontein, Keetmanshoop, Luderitz, Maltah\u00f6he, Mariental, Okahandja, Otjikondo, Otjiwarongo, Outjo, Rehoboth, Swakopmund, Usakos, Warmbad, Windhoek East, Windhoek North and Windhoek West.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [46, 62], "content_span": [63, 359]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073037-0000-0000", "contents": "1955 Southeast Missouri State Indians football team\nThe 1955 Southeast Missouri State Indians football team was an American football team that represented Southeast Missouri State College\u2014now known as Southeast Missouri State University\u2014 in the 1955 college football season as a member of the Missouri Intercollegiate Athletics Association (MIAA). Led by Kenneth Knox in his fourth season as head coach, the team compiled a perfect record of 9\u20130, winning MIAA title with a 5\u20130 mark.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 51], "section_span": [51, 51], "content_span": [52, 482]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073038-0000-0000", "contents": "1955 Southern 100 Races, Race Results, Race 1; 1955 Southern 100 Junior 350cc Race final standings.\nJuly 1955 Billown Circuit 12 laps \u2013 51 miles (81.13\u00a0km)", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 99], "content_span": [100, 155]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073038-0001-0000", "contents": "1955 Southern 100 Races, Race Results, Race 2; 1955 Southern 100 Lightweight 250cc Race final standings.\nJuly 1955 Billown Circuit 6 laps \u2013 25.50 miles (41.06\u00a0km)", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 104], "content_span": [105, 162]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073038-0002-0000", "contents": "1955 Southern 100 Races, Race Results, Race 3; 1955 Southern 100 Solo Championship 500cc Race final standings.\nJuly 1955 Billown Circuit 24 laps \u2013 102 miles (164.25\u00a0km)", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 110], "content_span": [111, 168]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073039-0000-0000", "contents": "1955 Southern 500\nThe 1955 Southern 500, the sixth running of the event, was a NASCAR Grand National Series event. The event was held on September 5, 1955, at Darlington Raceway in Darlington, South Carolina. This race spanned 500 miles on a paved oval track. An unofficial 30-minute highlight film of this race would appear on the collector's set of Stock Cars of 50s & 60s \u2013 Stock Car Memories: Darlington-Southern 500; which was released in 2008.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [17, 17], "content_span": [18, 449]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073039-0001-0000", "contents": "1955 Southern 500\nThe local radio station WJMX made it possible to hear the entire race. Coverage of the race would be spotty outside the Darlington area due to the broadcasting limitations of AM radio. Confederate flags were frequently flown in all parts of the state back then; they were shown alongside the Stars and Stripes.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [17, 17], "content_span": [18, 328]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073039-0002-0000", "contents": "1955 Southern 500, Background\nDarlington Raceway, nicknamed by many NASCAR fans and drivers as \"The Lady in Black\" or \"The Track Too Tough to Tame\" and advertised as a \"NASCAR Tradition\", is a race track built for NASCAR racing located near Darlington, South Carolina. It is a unique, somewhat egg-shaped design, an oval with the ends of very different configurations. A condition which supposedly arose from the proximity of one end of the track to a minnow pond the owner refused to move. The track makes it challenging for crews to set up their car's handling in a way that will be effective at both ends.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 29], "content_span": [30, 608]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073039-0003-0000", "contents": "1955 Southern 500, Background\nThe track is a four-turn 1.366 miles (2.198\u00a0km) oval. The track's first two turns are banked at twenty-five degrees. While the final two turns are banked two degrees lower at twenty-three degrees. The front stretch (the location of the finish line) and the back stretch is banked at six degrees. Darlington Raceway can seat up to 60,000 people.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 29], "content_span": [30, 374]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073039-0004-0000", "contents": "1955 Southern 500, Background\nDarlington has something of a legendary quality among drivers and older fans; this is probably due to its long track length relative to other NASCAR speedways of its era. It's the first venue where many fans realized the truly high speeds that stock cars can achieve on a long track. The track allegedly earned the moniker The Lady in Black because the night before the race the track maintenance crew would cover the entire track with fresh asphalt sealant, in the early years of the speedway, thus making the racing surface dark black.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 29], "content_span": [30, 567]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073039-0004-0001", "contents": "1955 Southern 500, Background\nDarlington is also known as \"The Track Too Tough to Tame\" because drivers can run lap after lap without a problem and then bounce off of the wall the following lap. Racers explain that they have to race the racetrack, not their competition. Drivers who hit the wall gain their \"Darlington Stripe\", thanks to the car's missing paint.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 29], "content_span": [30, 362]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073039-0005-0000", "contents": "1955 Southern 500, Pre-race report, Historical information\nThe event finished before dusk because artificial lighting was not available. This luxury would not appear until after the 1999 NASCAR Winston Cup Series season. Lights would be first used at the 2000 Mall.com 400 race (which became the Carolina Dodge Dealers 400 from 2001 to 2004 and is currently under the schedule as the Showtime Southern 500). Nearly all the drivers who raced in this event owned their vehicles under their name instead of delegating control to a multi-car team. The Motor Racing Network would not be established until 1970; they would make national coverage of the later NASCAR races starting in the sport's \"modern era.\" Its rival, the Performance Racing Network, would eventually be founded at a later date by Speedway Motorsports.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 58], "content_span": [59, 815]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073039-0006-0000", "contents": "1955 Southern 500, Pre-race report, Historical information\nThis was the thirty-fifth race of the 1955 season, there would be only ten races after the conclusion of the 1955 Southern 500. This race was the major race of any NASCAR season that came before the very first running of the Daytona 500.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 58], "content_span": [59, 296]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073039-0007-0000", "contents": "1955 Southern 500, Pre-race report, Pre-race festivities\nBefore the race, each part was inspected to verify that it is stock (i.e., can be bought at regular automobile shops as opposed to sneaking in \"police parts\" or parts intended entirely for racing). Sometimes, vehicles had to be dismantled to find parts that look dissimilar to everyday passenger vehicles. Only roll bars were added for extra safety during the 500 miles of racing. Every car that passed the inspection and was \"certified stock\" was given a certification ticket on the dash. Having a certification permitted the driver to take part in the event with the full blessing of NASCAR. Intermittent periods of rain hampered qualifying and made the track wet. When qualifying finished Fireball Roberts earned the coveted pole position for the race.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 56], "content_span": [57, 812]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073039-0008-0000", "contents": "1955 Southern 500, Pre-race report, Pre-race festivities\nOn the night preceding the race, a beauty pageant was conducted with Fonty Flock as one of the judges; this tradition would be repeated at the 1956 Southern 500 and all later Southern 500 races. Out of the many contestants that signed up from the Darlington area, Miss Martha Williams (from Myrtle Beach, South Carolina) won the honors of becoming Miss Southern 500 and accepted the ceremonial position that she held during the race.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 56], "content_span": [57, 490]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073039-0009-0000", "contents": "1955 Southern 500, Pre-race report, Pre-race festivities\nA marching band was also used as a part of the pre-race festivities. It was unknown whether NASCAR had a pre-race invocation service or not during the 1950s as the highlight film never showed a detailed coverage of the pre-race ceremonies like today's live coverage on television. The singing of The Star-Spangled Banner (which had been the official anthem of the nation since 1931) would be performed but not filmed in the highlight video. NASCAR would become one of the first major league sports where the American national anthem was used since its start.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 56], "content_span": [57, 615]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073039-0009-0001", "contents": "1955 Southern 500, Pre-race report, Pre-race festivities\nEven back in those days, it was customary to hear \"Gentlemen start your engines\" to fire up the racers into a rolling start. Qualifying would take up the whole month as it does at today's Indianapolis 500 races; regulations made in the \"modern era\" of the sport (1972\u20132003) modified the rules so that qualifying is limited to one day.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 56], "content_span": [57, 391]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073039-0010-0000", "contents": "1955 Southern 500, Pre-race report, Qualifying results\nNote: Some drivers qualified with a four-lap run (only the first and second qualifying session) and the majority qualified with a two-lap run (the next three qualifying sessions)", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 54], "content_span": [55, 233]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073039-0011-0000", "contents": "1955 Southern 500, Pre-race report, Qualifying results\nFailed to qualify: Maurice Thompson (#39), Harvey Eakin (#47), Homer Newland (#48), Leland Sewell (#51), Jack Smith (#1), Ted Wright (#01)", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 54], "content_span": [55, 193]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073039-0012-0000", "contents": "1955 Southern 500, Race report\nFireball Roberts earned the pole position at a speed of 110.682 miles per hour or 178.125 kilometres per hour. The average speed of the race (with full racing traffic), however, was 92.281 miles per hour or 148.512 kilometres per hour. Out of the 336 laps, there were eight yellow flag periods consisting of fifty-one laps. Fifty thousand people attended the live event to see sixty-nine cars race (less than half of them finished the race). The two laps led by Bill Widenhouse were the only two for his Grand National career.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 30], "content_span": [31, 557]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073039-0012-0001", "contents": "1955 Southern 500, Race report\nJoe Weatherly, making only his third career start, put on quite a show leading most laps in the race but ultimately crashed out on lap 317. Russ Graham also spun twice in this race, once avoiding Fireball Roberts's M-1 (who had blown a tire and crashed) and then once a couple of laps later on his own. Graham would eventually finish in 29th place after qualifying 19th.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 30], "content_span": [31, 401]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073039-0013-0000", "contents": "1955 Southern 500, Race report\nRegulations made decades after this race would finally standardize the field to forty-three racing vehicles; a far cry from the fairly unregulated form of NASCAR that dominated the 1950s and 1960s.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 30], "content_span": [31, 228]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073039-0014-0000", "contents": "1955 Southern 500, Race report\nVehicles ranged in production year from the 1953 models that were driven by the less affluent teams to the 1955 models driven by wealthy teams like Petty Enterprises. Other notable NASCAR Grand National Series drivers that participated in this event were Junior Johnson, Ned Jarrett, and Lee Petty. All of the drivers competing in this race were American. This race would serve as the \"swan song\" for Cadillac in the Cup Series.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 30], "content_span": [31, 459]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073039-0015-0000", "contents": "1955 Southern 500, Race report\nArden Mounts' appearance at this race, where he would crash into Don Duckworth's stalled vehicle, would be captured on highlight films. While Bill Champion managed to avoid Duckworth by swerving past, Mounts managed saw the stalled vehicle too late and crashed into him. The proper use of seat belts saved the lives of both Mounts and Duckworth.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 30], "content_span": [31, 376]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073039-0016-0000", "contents": "1955 Southern 500, Race report\nHerb Thomas would end up winning the race after five hours, twenty-five minutes, and twenty-five seconds of racing; beating Jim Reed by more than one lap. He would receive $7,480 ($72,263 when adjusted for inflation) while the total winnings for the race were $28,270 ($273,113 in when adjusted for inflation). Thomas drove a pale green 1955 Chevrolet 150 during a time where NASCAR was used to test the endurance of the newest passenger automobiles. However, the eventual championship winner would be Tim Flock with 18 season wins and winnings of $37,780 ($364,988 when adjusted for inflation).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 30], "content_span": [31, 626]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073039-0017-0000", "contents": "1955 Southern 500, Race report\nAn SBC Chevy V8 engine was used in Herb Thomas's race-winning vehicle; the Chevrolets during the 1955 season were lighter than their competitors, giving them better gas mileage and fewer pit stops needed to finish the race. Tire changes were also relatively infrequent on the Chevrolet vehicles during the race; which was another reason why Chevrolets dominated. The final fate of the original winning car that Herb Thomas used isn't known but it was likely raced into the ground over the course of subsequent races and no longer exists.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 30], "content_span": [31, 568]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073039-0018-0000", "contents": "1955 Southern 500, Race report\nVan Van Wey spun four times during the race; eventually resulting in him inflicting terminal damage to his vehicle on lap 247. Vehicle manufacturers involved in the race were Studebaker, Plymouth, Chevrolet, Buick, Dodge, Ford, Hudson, Cadillac, Pontiac, and Nash Motors.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 30], "content_span": [31, 302]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073039-0019-0000", "contents": "1955 Southern 500, Race report\nMore than half of the vehicles used were manufactured by Chevrolet while Nash Motors only had one vehicle in the running along with Studebaker. Sponsors for the drivers in the race included Mercury Outboards, Marion Cox Garage, Schwam Motors, Helzafire (owned by Kentucky Colonel Ernest Woods), The Racing Club, Paper Hangers, and   2008-10-22 at the Wayback Machine.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 30], "content_span": [31, 398]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073039-0020-0000", "contents": "1955 Southern 500, Race report\nLloyd Moore would announce his retirement from NASCAR after this race. Smokey Yunick, Carl Kiekhaefer, and Red Vogt were the three most notable crew chiefs to take part in this event.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 30], "content_span": [31, 214]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073039-0021-0000", "contents": "1955 Southern 500, Race report\nDick Beaty would make his NASCAR Grand National Series debut in this race.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 30], "content_span": [31, 105]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073039-0022-0000", "contents": "1955 Southern 500, Race report, Finishing order\n\u2020 signifies that the driver is known to be deceased * Driver failed to finish race", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 47], "content_span": [48, 130]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073040-0000-0000", "contents": "1955 Southern Area League\nThe 1955 Southern Area League was the second season of the regional third tier of speedway racing in the United Kingdom for Southern British teams. The season started with the same five teams that finished the previous season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [25, 25], "content_span": [26, 252]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073041-0000-0000", "contents": "1955 Southern Conference Men's Basketball Tournament\nThe 1955 Southern Conference Men's Basketball Tournament took place from March 3\u20135, 1955 at the Richmond Arena in Richmond, Virginia. The West Virginia Mountaineeers, led by head coach Fred Schaus, won their first Southern Conference title and received the automatic berth to the 1955 NCAA Tournament.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 52], "section_span": [52, 52], "content_span": [53, 354]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073041-0001-0000", "contents": "1955 Southern Conference Men's Basketball Tournament, Format\nThe top eight finishers of the conference's ten members were eligible for the tournament. Teams were seeded based on conference winning percentage. The tournament used a preset bracket consisting of three rounds.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 52], "section_span": [54, 60], "content_span": [61, 273]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073042-0000-0000", "contents": "1955 Southern Illinois Salukis football team\nThe 1955 Southern Illinois Salukis football team was an American football team that represented Southern Illinois University (now known as Southern Illinois University Carbondale) in the Interstate Intercollegiate Athletic Conference (IIAC) during the 1955 college football season. Under first-year head coach Albert Kawal, the team compiled a 4\u20134\u20132 record. The team played its home games at McAndrew Stadium in Carbondale, Illinois.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [44, 44], "content_span": [45, 478]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073043-0000-0000", "contents": "1955 Southern Jaguars football team\nThe 1955 Southern Jaguars football team was an American football team that represented Southern University in the Southwestern Athletic Conference (SWAC) during the 1955 college football season. In their 20th season under head coach Ace Mumford, the Jaguars compiled a 7\u20132\u20131 record, won the SWAC championship, and were ranked No. 5 in the final Pittsburgh Courier rankings of black college football teams.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [35, 35], "content_span": [36, 441]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073044-0000-0000", "contents": "1955 Southwestern Louisiana Bulldogs football team\nThe 1955 Southwestern Louisiana Bulldogs football team was an American football team that represented the Southwestern Louisiana Institute of Liberal and Technical Learning (now known as the University of Louisiana at Lafayette) in the Gulf States Conference during the 1955 college football season. In their fifth year under head coach Raymond Didier, the team compiled a 5\u20134 record.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 50], "section_span": [50, 50], "content_span": [51, 435]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073045-0000-0000", "contents": "1955 Soviet Class B\nFollowing are the results of the 1955 Soviet First League football championship. FC Burevestnik Kishinev and FC ODO Sverdlovsk winning the championship.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [19, 19], "content_span": [20, 172]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073046-0000-0000", "contents": "1955 Soviet Cup\nThe 1955 Soviet Cup was an association football cup competition of the Soviet Union.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 15], "section_span": [15, 15], "content_span": [16, 100]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073047-0000-0000", "contents": "1955 Soviet Top League\n12 teams took part in the league with FC Dynamo Moscow winning the championship.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [22, 22], "content_span": [23, 103]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073048-0000-0000", "contents": "1955 Soviet Union regional elections\nOn February 27, 1955, elections were held for the Supreme Soviets of the Soviet Union's constituent republics.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [36, 36], "content_span": [37, 147]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073048-0001-0000", "contents": "1955 Soviet Union regional elections\nAccording to Soviet law, 3,369,000 out of an eligible adult voting population of 123,174,000 were disenfranchised for various reasons.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [36, 36], "content_span": [37, 171]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073049-0000-0000", "contents": "1955 Soviet nuclear tests\nThe Soviet Union's 1955 nuclear test series was a group of 7 nuclear tests conducted in 1955. These tests followed the 1954 Soviet nuclear tests series and preceded the 1956 Soviet nuclear tests series.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [25, 25], "content_span": [26, 228]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073050-0000-0000", "contents": "1955 Spanish motorcycle Grand Prix\nThe 1955 Spanish motorcycle Grand Prix was the first round of the 1955 Grand Prix motorcycle racing season. It took place on 1 May 1955 at the Montju\u00efc circuit.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [34, 34], "content_span": [35, 195]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073051-0000-0000", "contents": "1955 Speedway National League\nThe 1955 Speedway National League was the 21st season and tenth post-war season of the highest tier of motorcycle speedway in Great Britain.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [29, 29], "content_span": [30, 170]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073051-0001-0000", "contents": "1955 Speedway National League, Summary\nThe league consisted of seven teams after the Harringay Racers ceased competitive speedway racing at the end of 1954. Match line-ups were reduced from eight riders to seven riders. Wimbledon won their second successive National League Championship. West Ham closed at the end of the season, blaming poor attendances.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 38], "content_span": [39, 355]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073051-0002-0000", "contents": "1955 Speedway National League, National Trophy Stage Two\nThe 1955 National Trophy was the 18th edition of the Knockout Cup. The Trophy consisted of two stages; stage one was for the second tier clubs, stage two was for the top tier clubs. Norwich won the second and final stage and were therefore declared the 1955 National Trophy champions.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 56], "content_span": [57, 341]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073052-0000-0000", "contents": "1955 Speedway National League Division Two\nThe 1955 National League Division Two was the tenth post-war season of the second tier of motorcycle speedway in Great Britain.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 42], "section_span": [42, 42], "content_span": [43, 170]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073052-0001-0000", "contents": "1955 Speedway National League Division Two, Summary\nThe only change in the list of teams that finished the previous season was the replacement of Motherwell Eagles with Weymouth Scorchers. Poole Pirates won the title.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 42], "section_span": [44, 51], "content_span": [52, 217]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073052-0002-0000", "contents": "1955 Speedway National League Division Two, Summary\nWeymouth Scorchers withdrew after 7 league fixtures, Bristol Bulldogs withdrew after 14.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 42], "section_span": [44, 51], "content_span": [52, 140]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073052-0003-0000", "contents": "1955 Speedway National League Division Two, National Trophy Stage One\nThe 1955 National Trophy was the 18th edition of the Knockout Cup. The Trophy consisted of two stages; stage one was for the second tier clubs, stage two was for the top tier clubs. Poole won stage one and qualified for second and final stage.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 42], "section_span": [44, 69], "content_span": [70, 313]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073053-0000-0000", "contents": "1955 Springfield Maroons baseball team\nThe 1955 Springfield Maroons baseball team represented Springfield College in the 1955 NCAA baseball season. The team was coached by Archie Allen in his 8th year at Springfield.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [38, 38], "content_span": [39, 216]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073053-0001-0000", "contents": "1955 Springfield Maroons baseball team\nThe Maroons won the District I playoff to advance to the College World Series, where they were defeated by the Arizona Wildcats.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [38, 38], "content_span": [39, 167]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073054-0000-0000", "contents": "1955 St. Louis Cardinals season\nThe 1955 St. Louis Cardinals season was the team's 74th season in St. Louis, Missouri and the 64th season in the National League. The Cardinals went 68\u201386 during the season and finished seventh in the National League, 30\u00bd games behind the Brooklyn Dodgers.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [31, 31], "content_span": [32, 288]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073054-0001-0000", "contents": "1955 St. Louis Cardinals season\nOutfielder Bill Virdon won the Rookie of the Year Award this year, batting .281, with 17 home runs and 68 RBIs. This was the second consecutive year a Cardinal won the Rookie of the Year Award, with Wally Moon winning the previous season. The Cardinals would have this occur again in 1985 and 1986, with Vince Coleman and Todd Worrell, respectively.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [31, 31], "content_span": [32, 381]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073054-0002-0000", "contents": "1955 St. Louis Cardinals season, Player stats, Batting, Starters by position\nNote: Pos = Position; G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 76], "content_span": [77, 201]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073054-0003-0000", "contents": "1955 St. Louis Cardinals season, Player stats, Batting, Other batters\nNote: G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 69], "content_span": [70, 178]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073054-0004-0000", "contents": "1955 St. Louis Cardinals season, Player stats, Pitching, Starting pitchers\nNote: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 74], "content_span": [75, 185]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073054-0005-0000", "contents": "1955 St. Louis Cardinals season, Player stats, Pitching, Other pitchers\nNote: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 71], "content_span": [72, 182]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073054-0006-0000", "contents": "1955 St. Louis Cardinals season, Player stats, Pitching, Relief pitchers\nNote: G = Games pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; SV = Saves; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 72], "content_span": [73, 173]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073054-0007-0000", "contents": "1955 St. Louis Cardinals season, Farm system\nLEAGUE CHAMPIONS: Rochester, Fresno, Paducah, Hamilton; LEAGUE CO-CHAMPIONS: Johnson City", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 44], "content_span": [45, 134]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073055-0000-0000", "contents": "1955 Stanford Indians football team\nThe 1955 Stanford Indians football team represented Stanford University in the Pacific Coast Conference during the 1955 college football season. Led by fifth-year head coach Chuck Taylor, the Indians finished at 6\u20133\u20131 overall (3\u20132\u20131 in PCC, third), and played home games on campus at Stanford Stadium in Stanford, California.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [35, 35], "content_span": [36, 361]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073055-0001-0000", "contents": "1955 Stanford Indians football team, NFL Draft\nTwo Stanford Indians were selected in the 1956 NFL Draft", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 46], "content_span": [47, 103]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073056-0000-0000", "contents": "1955 Stanley Cup Finals\nThe 1955 Stanley Cup Finals  was the championship series of the National Hockey League's (NHL) 1954\u201355 season, and the culmination of the 1955 Stanley Cup playoffs. It was contested between the Montreal Canadiens, appearing in their fifth of ten straight Finals, and the defending champion Detroit Red Wings, in the third Detroit-Montreal Finals series of the 1950s and the second consecutively. The Wings won the series, four games to three, for their second consecutive Stanley Cup championship, fourth in six seasons, and seventh overall. Detroit did not win the Stanley Cup again until 1997.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [23, 23], "content_span": [24, 619]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073056-0001-0000", "contents": "1955 Stanley Cup Finals, Paths to the Finals\nMontreal defeated the Boston Bruins in five games to reach the Finals. Detroit defeated the Toronto Maple Leafs in four games to reach the Finals.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 44], "content_span": [45, 191]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073056-0002-0000", "contents": "1955 Stanley Cup Finals, Game summaries\nPrior to the playoffs, Montreal's Maurice Richard was suspended and would be missed by the Canadiens.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 39], "content_span": [40, 141]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073056-0003-0000", "contents": "1955 Stanley Cup Finals, Game summaries\nIn the second game, Ted Lindsay scored four goals to set a NHL record for most goals in one game in a Finals series. The win was also the Wings' fifteenth consecutive, another NHL record.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 39], "content_span": [40, 227]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073056-0004-0000", "contents": "1955 Stanley Cup Finals, Game summaries\nGordie Howe set two NHL records, amassing 12 points in this round, and surpassing former Canadiens player (and soon-to-be-coach) Toe Blake's point mark for the playoffs with 20 points in 11 games.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 39], "content_span": [40, 236]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073056-0005-0000", "contents": "1955 Stanley Cup Finals, Game summaries\nThis was also the first Finals in which the home team won all seven games of the series, a feat that would be repeated only twice in the next 50 years, in 1965 (Montreal defeated the Chicago Black Hawks) and 2003 (the New Jersey Devils beat the Mighty Ducks of Anaheim).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 39], "content_span": [40, 310]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073056-0006-0000", "contents": "1955 Stanley Cup Finals, Stanley Cup engraving\nThe 1955 Stanley Cup was presented to Red Wings captain Ted Lindsay by NHL President Clarence Campbell following the Red Wings 3\u20131 win over the Canadiens in game seven.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 46], "content_span": [47, 215]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073056-0007-0000", "contents": "1955 Stanley Cup Finals, Stanley Cup engraving\nThe following Red Wings players and staff had their names engraved on the Stanley Cup", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 46], "content_span": [47, 132]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073056-0008-0000", "contents": "1955 Stanley Cup Finals, Stanley Cup engraving, Members of Detroit Red Wings Dynasty 1950, 1952, 1954, 1955\nGordie Howe, Red Kelly, Ted Lindsay, Marty Pavelich, Marcel Pronovost, John Wilson (6 Players), Jack Adams, Carl Mattson, Fred Hubert Jr. (3 Non-players).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 107], "content_span": [108, 262]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073057-0000-0000", "contents": "1955 Star World Championship\nThe 1955 Star World Championship was held in Havana, Cuba in 1955.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [28, 28], "content_span": [29, 95]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073057-0001-0000", "contents": "1955 Star World Championship, Results\nLegend: DNF \u2013 Did not finish; DSA \u2013 Disabled; DSQ \u2013 Disqualified; WDR \u2013 Withdrew;", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 37], "content_span": [38, 119]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073058-0000-0000", "contents": "1955 State of Vietnam referendum\nThe 1955 State of Vietnam referendum determined the future form of government of the State of Vietnam, the nation that was to become the Republic of Vietnam (widely known as South Vietnam). It was contested by Prime Minister Ng\u00f4 \u0110\u00ecnh Di\u1ec7m, who proposed a republic, and former emperor B\u1ea3o \u0110\u1ea1i, who had abdicated in 1945 and at the time of the referendum held the title of head of state.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [32, 32], "content_span": [33, 418]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073058-0001-0000", "contents": "1955 State of Vietnam referendum\nThough published counts showed Di\u1ec7m winning the election with 98.9% of the vote, the referendum was widely marred by  electoral fraud. In the capital, Saigon, Di\u1ec7m was credited with more than 600,000 votes, although only 450,000 people were on the electoral roll, while Di\u1ec7m was also credited with  receiving over 90% of registered voters in rural regions where opposition groups had prevented voting.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [32, 32], "content_span": [33, 434]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073058-0002-0000", "contents": "1955 State of Vietnam referendum\nThe referendum was the last phase in the power struggle between B\u1ea3o \u0110\u1ea1i and his prime minister. B\u1ea3o \u0110\u1ea1i disliked Di\u1ec7m and had frequently attempted to undermine him, having appointed him only because he was a conduit to American aid. At the time, the country was going through a period of insecurity, as Vietnam had been temporarily partitioned as a result of the 1954 Geneva Accords that ended the First Indochina War. The State of Vietnam controlled the southern half of the country, pending national elections that were intended to reunify the country under a common government.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [32, 32], "content_span": [33, 613]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073058-0002-0001", "contents": "1955 State of Vietnam referendum\nStill, the Vietnamese National Army was not in full control of southern Vietnam; the Cao \u0110\u00e0i and H\u00f2a H\u1ea3o religious sects ran their own administrations in the countryside supported by private armies, while the B\u00ecnh Xuy\u00ean organised crime syndicate controlled the streets of Saigon. Despite interference from these groups, B\u1ea3o \u0110\u1ea1i, and even French officials, Di\u1ec7m managed to subdue the private armies and consolidate government control over the country by mid-1955.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [32, 32], "content_span": [33, 495]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073058-0003-0000", "contents": "1955 State of Vietnam referendum\nEmboldened by his success, Di\u1ec7m began to plot B\u1ea3o \u0110\u1ea1i's downfall. He scheduled a referendum for 23 October 1955 and pushed B\u1ea3o \u0110\u1ea1i out of the political scene, hindering the former emperor's attempts to derail the poll. In the period leading up to the vote, campaigning for B\u1ea3o \u0110\u1ea1i was banned, while Di\u1ec7m's election campaign focused on personal attacks against B\u1ea3o \u0110\u1ea1i. These included pornographic cartoons of the head of state and unverified rumours claiming he was illegitimate and linking him to various mistresses. The government-controlled media launched polemical attacks on B\u1ea3o \u0110\u1ea1i, and police went door-to-door, warning people of the consequences of failing to vote. After his brother Ng\u00f4 \u0110\u00ecnh Nhu had rigged the referendum, Di\u1ec7m proclaimed himself president of the newly created Republic of Vietnam.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [32, 32], "content_span": [33, 840]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073058-0004-0000", "contents": "1955 State of Vietnam referendum, Background\nThe defeat of the French Army at \u0110i\u1ec7n Bi\u00ean Ph\u1ee7 in 1954, followed by the Geneva Accords, led to a divided Vietnam. The French-backed State of Vietnam, led by former Emperor B\u1ea3o \u0110\u1ea1i, provisionally held control south of the 17th parallel. H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh's Viet Minh held the north under the Democratic Republic of Vietnam, which H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh had proclaimed in 1945. The agreements stated that nationwide elections were to be held in 1956 to unify the country under a common government. In July 1954, during the transition period, B\u1ea3o \u0110\u1ea1i appointed Di\u1ec7m as Prime Minister of the State of Vietnam.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 44], "content_span": [45, 633]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073058-0005-0000", "contents": "1955 State of Vietnam referendum, Background\nOn 11 October 1954, the border was closed by the International Control Commission, after a period of 300 days during which free passage between both halves of Vietnam had been allowed. Under the Geneva Accords, anti-communist military personnel were obliged to evacuate to the south, while communist forces were to be moved north. Civilians were free to move to whichever zone they preferred. During the 300 days, Di\u1ec7m and U.S. CIA adviser Colonel Edward Lansdale staged a campaign to convince people to move to South Vietnam.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 44], "content_span": [45, 571]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073058-0005-0001", "contents": "1955 State of Vietnam referendum, Background\nThe campaign was particularly focused on Vietnam's Catholics, who were to provide Di\u1ec7m's power base in his later years, with the use of the slogan \"God has gone south\". Between 800,000 and 1,000,000\u00a0people migrated to the south, mostly Catholics. At the start of 1955, French Indochina was dissolved, leaving Di\u1ec7m in temporary control of the south.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 44], "content_span": [45, 393]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073058-0006-0000", "contents": "1955 State of Vietnam referendum, Background\nAt the time, Di\u1ec7m had little authority beyond the gates of his own palace. B\u1ea3o \u0110\u1ea1i had little confidence in him and gave him meagre support\u2014the pair had clashed in the past, with Di\u1ec7m resigning as B\u1ea3o \u0110\u1ea1i's Interior Minister two decades earlier, believing the head of state to be weak and ineffective. Many historians believe that B\u1ea3o \u0110\u1ea1i may have selected Di\u1ec7m for the latter's ability to attract U.S. support and funding. During the transition period, the French Expeditionary Corps maintained a presence in South Vietnam. This led to tension between France and the State of Vietnam. Di\u1ec7m, a passionate nationalist, detested the French, who reciprocated, hoping he would fail, even calling for his removal on occasions.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 44], "content_span": [45, 766]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073058-0007-0000", "contents": "1955 State of Vietnam referendum, Background\nDi\u1ec7m faced challenges to his authority from four more groups. The H\u00f2a H\u1ea3o and Cao \u0110\u00e0i religious sects had private armies that controlled the Mekong Delta and the areas west of Saigon, respectively. The B\u00ecnh Xuy\u00ean was an armed, organised crime empire that controlled much of Saigon with a 40,000\u00a0strong private army, while the Vietminh still controlled much of the rural area. Di\u1ec7m's Vietnamese National Army (VNA) was led by General Nguy\u1ec5n V\u0103n Hinh, a French citizen who loathed and frequently disobeyed him. B\u1ea3o \u0110\u1ea1i sold the operating license of the national police to the B\u00ecnh Xuy\u00ean, effectively putting administrative control of the police in the hands of a crime syndicate.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 44], "content_span": [45, 722]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073058-0008-0000", "contents": "1955 State of Vietnam referendum, Background\nAmid growing French and US skepticism of his ability to provide stable rule, Di\u1ec7m forced the matter to a head in April 1955. He ordered the B\u00ecnh Xuy\u00ean to relinquish control of the National Police and submit to his command by integrating into the VNA or disbanding, threatening to crush them if they refused. He bribed H\u00f2a H\u1ea3o and Cao \u0110\u00e0i commanders into joining the VNA, gradually resulting in the defection of some commanders and their units, while others continued to lead their forces against Saigon. The B\u00ecnh Xuy\u00ean defied Di\u1ec7m's ultimatum.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 44], "content_span": [45, 588]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073058-0008-0001", "contents": "1955 State of Vietnam referendum, Background\nOn 27 April, the VNA initiated the Battle for Saigon. After a brief but violent battle that left between 500 and 1,000 people dead and about 20,000 homeless, the B\u00ecnh Xuy\u00ean were crushed. Di\u1ec7m had regained both U.S. confidence and control of the police. Jubilant crowds lauded Di\u1ec7m and denounced B\u1ea3o \u0110\u1ea1i, who had tried to dismiss him in the middle of the battle to prevent him from quelling the B\u00ecnh Xuy\u00ean. In addition, General Paul Ely, the head of the French presence in Vietnam, tried to impede Di\u1ec7m; his troops put road blocks against the VNA and gave intelligence to the B\u00ecnh Xuy\u00ean.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 44], "content_span": [45, 631]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073058-0009-0000", "contents": "1955 State of Vietnam referendum, Background\nBuoyed by his successes, and fueled by increased hatred of both the French and B\u1ea3o \u0110\u1ea1i after their attempts to prevent him from dismantling the B\u00ecnh Xuy\u00ean,  Di\u1ec7m became more confident as he went about consolidating his hold on power. On 15 May, Di\u1ec7m abolished B\u1ea3o \u0110\u1ea1i's Imperial Guard; its 5,000 men became the 11th and 42nd Infantry Regiments of the VNA. Di\u1ec7m then stripped B\u1ea3o \u0110\u1ea1i of his extensive crown lands.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 44], "content_span": [45, 457]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073058-0009-0001", "contents": "1955 State of Vietnam referendum, Background\nOn 15 June, Di\u1ec7m had the Council of the Royal Family at Hu\u1ebf declare that B\u1ea3o \u0110\u1ea1i be stripped of his powers, and that he, Di\u1ec7m, be made president. B\u1ea3o \u0110\u1ea1i's relatives condemned him for abdicating as head of state, and for his links with France and the B\u00ecnh Xuy\u00ean. Historians have speculated that the royals agreed to turn on B\u1ea3o \u0110\u1ea1i so Di\u1ec7m would not seize their assets.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 44], "content_span": [45, 414]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073058-0010-0000", "contents": "1955 State of Vietnam referendum, Organization of the referendum\nOn 7 July 1955, the first anniversary of his installation as prime minister, Di\u1ec7m announced that a national referendum would be held to determine the future of the country. On 16 July, Di\u1ec7m publicly announced his intention to not take part in the reunification elections: \"We will not be tied down by the [Geneva] treaty that was signed against the wishes of the Vietnamese people.\"", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 64], "content_span": [65, 447]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073058-0011-0000", "contents": "1955 State of Vietnam referendum, Organization of the referendum\nDi\u1ec7m contended that the Communists would never allow free elections in the north, so therefore South Vietnam must strike out on its own and establish a separate, non-Communist state. This was echoed by the Saigon press, which ran articles assailing communist elections as shambolic, rigged, and meaningless; at the time, the northern half of Vietnam had a greater population than the south. A month earlier, North Vietnamese Prime Minister Ph\u1ea1m V\u0103n \u0110\u1ed3ng wrote to Saigon asking to begin negotiations over the specific details of the elections.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 64], "content_span": [65, 607]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073058-0011-0001", "contents": "1955 State of Vietnam referendum, Organization of the referendum\nWhile the Americans were happy to avoid elections because of fears of a communist victory, they hoped that Di\u1ec7m would enter the dialogue over planning matters and wait for North Vietnam to object to a proposal, and thus use it to blame Ho [Chi Minh] for violating the Geneva Accords. The Americans had earlier advised Di\u1ec7m, who had been acting in defiance of B\u1ea3o \u0110\u1ea1i, that continued aid was contingent on Di\u1ec7m establishing a legal basis for usurping the head of state's power.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 64], "content_span": [65, 541]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073058-0012-0000", "contents": "1955 State of Vietnam referendum, Organization of the referendum\nOn 6 October 1955, Di\u1ec7m announced the referendum would be held on 23 October. The election was open to men and women aged 18 or over, and the government arranged to have a polling station set up for every 1,000 registered voters. The poll was contested by B\u1ea3o \u0110\u1ea1i, who had spent much of his time in France and advocated a monarchy, and Di\u1ec7m, who ran on a republican platform. According to historian Jessica Chapman, it was a choice between \"the country's obsolete emperor and its far-from-popular prime minister, Ngo Dinh Diem\".", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 64], "content_span": [65, 593]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073058-0012-0001", "contents": "1955 State of Vietnam referendum, Organization of the referendum\nIn announcing the referendum, Di\u1ec7m portrayed his decision as being motivated by a love of democracy and popular discontent with the rule of B\u1ea3o \u0110\u1ea1i. The prime minister cited a plethora of petitions from various social, religious, and political groups calling on him to stage a plebiscite to remove B\u1ea3o \u0110\u1ea1i, claiming he was motivated by these \"legitimate and democratic\" sentiments. Lansdale cautioned Di\u1ec7m against electoral fraud, confident that Di\u1ec7m would win a free election: \"While I'm away I don't want to suddenly read that you have won by 99.99%. I would know that it's rigged then.\" U.S. officials thought that a fair election would have seen Di\u1ec7m poll between 60% and 70% of the vote.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 64], "content_span": [65, 757]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073058-0013-0000", "contents": "1955 State of Vietnam referendum, Organization of the referendum\nUnder the Elysee Accords and the subsequent legislation that created the State of Vietnam in 1949, B\u1ea3o \u0110\u1ea1i's position as head of state was neither permanent nor indefinite. Sovereignty was presumed to rest solely upon the people, with B\u1ea3o \u0110\u1ea1i being a mere conduit. As a result, the referendum itself was within the law. Di\u1ec7m had not been elected to his post, so he saw the referendum as an opportunity to rebuff opponents, who claimed that he was undemocratic and autocratic. The event also gave Di\u1ec7m an opportunity to boost his prestige by defeating B\u1ea3o \u0110\u1ea1i in a head-to-head contest. It was previously agreed that a National Assembly would be elected first, but Di\u1ec7m went ahead with the plebiscite, which meant that he would have total power if he deposed B\u1ea3o \u0110\u1ea1i before a legislature was formed.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 64], "content_span": [65, 863]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073058-0014-0000", "contents": "1955 State of Vietnam referendum, Organization of the referendum\nU.S. diplomats were concerned that the move would be seen as a power grab, as Di\u1ec7m was organising and driving an electoral process in which he was a candidate. The Americans felt that a legislature should be formed first and that the body should oversee the referendum, but Di\u1ec7m ignored their advice. Ambassador G. Frederick Reinhardt informed Washington that Di\u1ec7m had no intention of allowing a level playing field for the opposition, and that the foreign press had already made much of Di\u1ec7m's democratic pronouncements being a facade.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 64], "content_span": [65, 601]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073058-0014-0001", "contents": "1955 State of Vietnam referendum, Organization of the referendum\nThe Department of State agreed and opted to avoid trumpeting the referendum as an exercise in democracy for fear of attracting negative reactions to their foreign policy. Nevertheless, U.S. officials in Vietnam were pleased with the referendum, as they saw it as an opportunity to strengthen South Vietnam and avoid defeat to the communists, as they saw a republican model as being more robust.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 64], "content_span": [65, 459]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073058-0015-0000", "contents": "1955 State of Vietnam referendum, Organization of the referendum\nHaving declared his disdain for the 1956 reunification elections, Di\u1ec7m saw the referendum as the first step in creating a long-term state to rule over South Vietnam. He repeatedly said that the creation of a legislature and a constitution for his new state would follow the referendum.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 64], "content_span": [65, 350]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073058-0016-0000", "contents": "1955 State of Vietnam referendum, Organization of the referendum\nDi\u1ec7m reportedly saw the poll as an opportunity to legitimise him as a symbol of Vietnamese democracy, so that he could frame and justify his refusal to participate in national elections as a struggle between freedom and communist authoritarianism. Di\u1ec7m asserted that South Vietnam would eventually reunify the nation under a democratic administration and liberate their northern compatriots from communist oppression, and championed the referendum as a first step in nurturing democracy. His support base was to use this as a means of justifying the deposal of B\u1ea3o \u0110\u1ea1i, citing past decisions that according to them, were pro-communist.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 64], "content_span": [65, 700]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073058-0017-0000", "contents": "1955 State of Vietnam referendum, Organization of the referendum\nOne of Di\u1ec7m's main themes was that the referendum would usher in a new era of unprecedented democracy: \"This shall be but the first step made by our people in the free use of our political rights.\" The day before the poll, Di\u1ec7m said: \"This 23 October, for the first time in our country's history, our men and women will exercise one of many basic civil rights of a democracy, the right to vote.\" A government proclamation four days before the poll said: \"Dear compatriots, proclaim your will forcefully! Go forward firmly in the path of Freedom, Independence and Democracy!\"", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 64], "content_span": [65, 639]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073058-0018-0000", "contents": "1955 State of Vietnam referendum, Campaign\nDi\u1ec7m ran a personal attack campaign against the head of state, for whom campaigning was prohibited. The army and national police went about enforcing the ban on pro-B\u1ea3o \u0110\u1ea1i and anti-Di\u1ec7m activities. Police went from door to door, explaining the consequences of failing to vote. They organized conferences in rural villages and addressed the populace with loudspeakers. In general, Di\u1ec7m's line of attack was to portray B\u1ea3o \u0110\u1ea1i as a drunken womanizer who was preoccupied with immoral pleasures and unconcerned with the problems of the populace.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 42], "content_span": [43, 585]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073058-0018-0001", "contents": "1955 State of Vietnam referendum, Campaign\nVietnam's monarchic tradition was built on Confucianism and the emperor's Mandate of Heaven, and Di\u1ec7m's campaign claimed B\u1ea3o \u0110\u1ea1i had lost this mandate through his debauched lifestyle. According to Joseph Buttinger, who was based in Vietnam as the second in command at the International Rescue Committee, the methods used to influence the poll were \"outrageous\". Donald Lancaster, a journalist who covered the poll, said \"Whereas Bao Dai was given no opportunity to defend himself, the government-controlled press proceeded to overwhelm him with scurrilous abuse.\" Di\u1ec7m later banned B\u1ea3o \u0110\u1ea1i from entering the State of Vietnam.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 42], "content_span": [43, 668]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073058-0019-0000", "contents": "1955 State of Vietnam referendum, Campaign\nDi\u1ec7m's advertising included the parading of giant pageant-style floats of B\u1ea3o \u0110\u1ea1i through the streets of Saigon, depicted with bags of money on his shoulders, a deck of cards in his hands, and with naked blonde women and bottles of cognac in his arms. This was a reference to the head of state's reputation for opulence, gambling and womanising. In particular, the blonde hair referred to B\u1ea3o \u0110\u1ea1i's purported penchant for European mistresses with whom he liaised on the French Riviera. B\u1ea3o \u0110\u1ea1i's dummy was accompanied by that of a Frenchman putting gold into his pockets, thereby questioning his nationalist credentials. Posters and effigies associating B\u1ea3o \u0110\u1ea1i with a pig's head were disseminated, while a prominent newspaper composed and encouraged the people to sing insulting songs about B\u1ea3o \u0110\u1ea1i.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 42], "content_span": [43, 843]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073058-0020-0000", "contents": "1955 State of Vietnam referendum, Campaign\nWalls and public transport vehicles were plastered with slogans, including \"Beware of the evil king B\u1ea3o \u0110\u1ea1i's preference for gambling, women, wine, milk, and butter. Those who vote for him betray their country.\" Aside from referring to his opulent lifestyle, other slogans such as \"Bao Dai, puppet king selling his country\", and \"Bao Dai, master keeper of gambling dens and brothels\", referred to his alleged softness towards the communists. The radio was used to verbally abuse B\u1ea3o \u0110\u1ea1i, who was accused of treason and corruption in these broadcasts.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 42], "content_span": [43, 593]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073058-0021-0000", "contents": "1955 State of Vietnam referendum, Campaign\nOn the other hand, the bachelor Di\u1ec7m was described as the \"hero of the people\" and \"father of all children\". The slogans exhorted the populace to vote for the prime minister because \"To vote for the revolutionary man Ngo Dinh Diem is to build a society of welfare and justice\". They portrayed Di\u1ec7m as a patriotic and nationalist anti-communist, proclaiming \"To kill communists, depose the king, [and] struggle against colonialists is a citizen's duty in Free Vietnam.\"", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 42], "content_span": [43, 511]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073058-0022-0000", "contents": "1955 State of Vietnam referendum, Campaign\nDi\u1ec7m's government-controlled press overwhelmed B\u1ea3o \u0110\u1ea1i with endless personal propaganda attacks, with special editions of newspapers being devoted to polemical biographical accounts of the former emperor. This allowed Di\u1ec7m's campaign to condemn B\u1ea3o \u0110\u1ea1i with much more salacious detail than was possible through mere slogans. This started in August when the daily newspaper Thoi Dai started a three-week series that disseminated unsubstantiated and scandalous details about B\u1ea3o \u0110\u1ea1i's life. These were written by editorialist Hong Van, who called B\u1ea3o \u0110\u1ea1i a \"dung beetle who sold his country for personal glory\".", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 42], "content_span": [43, 652]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073058-0022-0001", "contents": "1955 State of Vietnam referendum, Campaign\nVan claimed B\u1ea3o \u0110\u1ea1i was the illegitimate son of Emperor Kh\u1ea3i \u0110\u1ecbnh, alleging Kh\u1ea3i \u0110\u1ecbnh had been infertile and married a maid, before claiming the maid's son, by another man, as his own. The paper claimed B\u1ea3o \u0110\u1ea1i was \"big like a lubber, had many children, and was very fond of women\" while Kh\u1ea3i \u0110\u1ecbnh was uncomfortable with females, hinting that the different personalities were inconsistent with a common biological lineage.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 42], "content_span": [43, 465]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073058-0023-0000", "contents": "1955 State of Vietnam referendum, Campaign\nCapitalising on anti-French sentiment, the paper went on to discuss B\u1ea3o \u0110\u1ea1i's upbringing in France, claiming that he was already womanising as a teenager because of his European upbringing. B\u1ea3o \u0110\u1ea1i later married an ethnic Vietnamese French citizen, who became Empress Nam Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng, who had been raised Catholic. The editorials accused her of being a French agent and claimed she had treated the queen mother badly, a serious character flaw as Confucianism strongly emphasized respect for elders. Hong Van went on to claim that B\u1ea3o \u0110\u1ea1i's sequence of Gallic lovers was an indication that colonial officials were successfully using sex to turn the head of state into a puppet of France.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 42], "content_span": [43, 724]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073058-0024-0000", "contents": "1955 State of Vietnam referendum, Campaign\nThe culmination of the newspaper campaign was a satirical pornographic cartoon, entitled \"The Story of B\u1ea3o \u0110\u1ea1i\". It summarized the scandalous depictions of the head of state made by Thoi Dai in the preceding weeks and was published on 19 October, four days before the referendum. The pictures featured full frontal nude depictions of B\u1ea3o \u0110\u1ea1i and his mistresses, with genitalia clearly visible, including a frame showing a naked blonde performing an erotic dance for the head of state.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 42], "content_span": [43, 527]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073058-0025-0000", "contents": "1955 State of Vietnam referendum, Campaign\nAside from painting B\u1ea3o \u0110\u1ea1i as a sexually insatiable glutton, Di\u1ec7m's campaign also attacked the head of state's nationalist credentials. They criticised him as being too soft in his dealings with French colonial authorities, and for serving as the head of state of the Empire of Vietnam, a puppet regime set up by Imperial Japan after they invaded during World War II. They also accused him of ceding half the country to the communists. The communists had already captured more than half the country on the battlefield, and Di\u1ec7m claimed he had no choice, but Di\u1ec7m's campaign portrayed him as incompetent and unwilling to take the blame.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 42], "content_span": [43, 679]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073058-0026-0000", "contents": "1955 State of Vietnam referendum, Campaign\nDi\u1ec7m used the Ministry of Information's electoral education campaign as a partisan political tool. Instead of using it purely to explain the democratic process, the campaign was used to extol Di\u1ec7m and his allies. After explaining what democracy was, a pamphlet outlined why Deposing a chief-of-state is a vital act. After elaborating on the powers of the head of state, the pamphlet went on to champion Di\u1ec7m as an anti-communist who could defend people's freedom, while explaining why B\u1ea3o \u0110\u1ea1i was unfit to lead, saying that he did not have respect among the international community.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 42], "content_span": [43, 625]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073058-0027-0000", "contents": "1955 State of Vietnam referendum, Campaign\nOn 15 October, B\u1ea3o \u0110\u1ea1i issued a statement protesting against the referendum. He urged the governments of France, the United Kingdom, the United States, India and even the Soviet Union not to recognise Di\u1ec7m, asserting that he was an obstacle to the reunification of Vietnam under the Geneva Accords. He accused Di\u1ec7m's poll of being \"a governmental activity which conforms neither to the profound sentiment of the Vietnamese people nor to the common cause of peace\".", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 42], "content_span": [43, 507]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073058-0028-0000", "contents": "1955 State of Vietnam referendum, Campaign\nOn 18 October, he made the token gesture of formally dismissing Di\u1ec7m. The following day, he denounced \"the police methods\" of Di\u1ec7m's \"dictatorship\" and warned the Vietnamese populace \"against a regime that was bound to lead them to ruin, famine, and war\". B\u1ea3o \u0110\u1ea1i accused Di\u1ec7m of trying to foment conflict between the French and the Americans. On the eve of the poll, B\u1ea3o \u0110\u1ea1i stated \"I can even tell you that I know the percentage of favourable votes that Mr. Diem has decided to obtain.\"", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 42], "content_span": [43, 531]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073058-0029-0000", "contents": "1955 State of Vietnam referendum, Other opposition\nThe staging of the election was subsidised by foreign funding. The United States government and a combination of American Roman Catholic charities contributed US$2\u00a0million each. Ba C\u1ee5t, a leader of an anti-government H\u00f2a H\u1ea3o religious sect, distributed a pamphlet condemning Di\u1ec7m as an American puppet, citing the funding as proof and further asserting that Di\u1ec7m was going to \"Catholicize\" the country.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 50], "content_span": [51, 453]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073058-0029-0001", "contents": "1955 State of Vietnam referendum, Other opposition\nThe Vietnamese Socialist Party, which was affiliated to the H\u00f2a H\u1ea3o, claimed Di\u1ec7m had \"bribed the world of laborers and young students to petition in support of Diem's rise to chief-of-state and to petition in favor of deposing Bao Dai\", using the American election funding. Another H\u00f2a H\u1ea3o rebel leader, General Tr\u1ea7n V\u0103n So\u00e1i, assailed Di\u1ec7m's undemocratic regime and declared the referendum illegal. He invited \"friendly countries and the people of Vietnam to distrust this political maneuver\". Di\u1ec7m had earlier told a cabinet minister that there was only one political party\u00a0\u2013 Nhu's outfit, and went about eradicating opposition by force. Opponents claimed Di\u1ec7m's declarations about the value of democracy were hollow.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 50], "content_span": [51, 771]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073058-0030-0000", "contents": "1955 State of Vietnam referendum, Logistics and voting\nLansdale advised Di\u1ec7m to print his ballots in red, while those of B\u1ea3o \u0110\u1ea1i were printed in green. In Vietnam, red is associated with good luck and prosperity, whereas green is often associated with a cuckold and bad luck. Di\u1ec7m's red ballots pictured him with youthful and modern-looking people, while B\u1ea3o \u0110\u1ea1i's photo was placed in old-fashioned robes, which he never wore. In addition, B\u1ea3o \u0110\u1ea1i's portrait showed him to appear dazed and bloated, while Di\u1ec7m and those surrounding him were smiling and appeared to be energetic.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 54], "content_span": [55, 578]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073058-0030-0001", "contents": "1955 State of Vietnam referendum, Logistics and voting\nThe ballot claimed that a vote for Di\u1ec7m would be a vote for democracy, stating \"I depose B\u1ea3o \u0110\u1ea1i and recognise Ng\u00f4 \u0110\u00ecnh Di\u1ec7m as Head of State, charged with the commission of setting up a democratic regime.\" B\u1ea3o \u0110\u1ea1i's ballot read \"I do not depose B\u1ea3o \u0110\u1ea1i and do not regard Ng\u00f4 \u0110\u00ecnh Di\u1ec7m as the Head of State charged with the commission of setting up a democratic regime.\" The voters would place the red or green ballot into the box, according to their preference, while discarding the other, which meant the voting was actually not secret.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 54], "content_span": [55, 593]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073058-0031-0000", "contents": "1955 State of Vietnam referendum, Logistics and voting\nThe logistics of the referendum were organised and supervised by Di\u1ec7m's brother and confidant, Nhu, who was the leader of the family's secret C\u1ea7n Lao party, which supplied the Ng\u00f4s' electoral base. Reports of violence and intimidation were widespread. During the referendum, Nhu's staff told voters to throw away the green ballots. Those who disobeyed were often chased down and beaten, with pepper sauce and water sometimes being forced into their nostrils. The violations were particularly flagrant in central Vietnam, a region over which another of Di\u1ec7m's younger brothers, Ng\u00f4 \u0110\u00ecnh C\u1ea9n, ruled.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 54], "content_span": [55, 652]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073058-0031-0001", "contents": "1955 State of Vietnam referendum, Logistics and voting\nC\u1ea9n was based in the former imperial capital city of Hu\u1ebf, home of the Nguy\u1ec5n Dynasty and a source of support for B\u1ea3o \u0110\u1ea1i. He stifled this support by ordering the police to arrest 1,200 people for political reasons in the week leading up to the vote. In the city of H\u1ed9i An, several people were killed in election violence on the day of the poll. Voting started at 07:00 and ended at 17:00.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 54], "content_span": [55, 443]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073058-0032-0000", "contents": "1955 State of Vietnam referendum, Counting and results\nDi\u1ec7m's government formulated procedural regulations ostensibly designed to ensure results and ballots were correctly accounted for and to prevent election fraud. In reality however, the votes were counted without independent supervision, which resulted in Di\u1ec7m being credited with 98.9% of the vote. The prime minister tallied 605,025 votes in Saigon, although only 450,000 voters were registered in the capital. Di\u1ec7m's tally also exceeded the registration numbers in other districts.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 54], "content_span": [55, 539]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073058-0032-0001", "contents": "1955 State of Vietnam referendum, Counting and results\nFrench newspapers claimed that only half of the registered voters in Saigon had actually voted, and that the rest had boycotted the election, implying that more than 60% of the votes in the capital were not authentic. Defenders of Di\u1ec7m claim this was due to recently arrived, mostly Catholic, refugees from North Vietnam who voted without being enrolled, rather than large-scale ballot stuffing.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 54], "content_span": [55, 450]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073058-0033-0000", "contents": "1955 State of Vietnam referendum, Counting and results\nDi\u1ec7m's regime had announced that 5,335,668 people were eligible to vote, but when the results were declared, there were 5,784,752 ballots. Di\u1ec7m's government claimed his candidacy had been endorsed by the mother of B\u1ea3o \u0110\u1ea1i, although Di\u1ec7m had ordered the military to confiscate her family's property and evict her from the land. The near unanimous voter turnout and support for Di\u1ec7m was replicated in highland and Mekong Delta swamp areas, which were not even under the control of the government and its Vietnamese National Army. In some districts of the Mekong Delta, overwhelming tallies for Di\u1ec7m in excess of 90% of the registered voters were recorded, even though the H\u00f2a H\u1ea3o warlord Ba C\u1ee5t and his army had prevented voting.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 54], "content_span": [55, 782]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073058-0034-0000", "contents": "1955 State of Vietnam referendum, Counting and results\nThe referendum was widely condemned for being fraudulent. Historian and writer Jessica Chapman said \"Even Di\u1ec7m apologists like Anthony Trawick Bouscaren and American CIA officer Edward Lansdale concur with the prime minister's harshest critics on the conclusion that the South Vietnamese government was either incapable of or unwilling to hold a truly free, representative plebiscite\". A CIA report written in 1966 adjudged the poll to be the most heavily manipulated in the first 11 years of South Vietnam's history.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 54], "content_span": [55, 572]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073058-0034-0001", "contents": "1955 State of Vietnam referendum, Counting and results\nThe U.S. government privately concluded that the monopoly Di\u1ec7m had on the media and the election campaign was a greater factor in the victory than intimidation and the fact that the voting was effectively public. Reinhardt cabled Washington, saying that the \"referendum proved [a] resounding success for [the] Diem government\". He indicated that the poll results were not necessarily a reflection of reality by adding that the result did not show that Di\u1ec7m had majority support but that he was able to control the country, effectively unchallenged. The U.S. government was heartened by Di\u1ec7m's apparent ability to negate communist and other opposition.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 54], "content_span": [55, 706]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073058-0035-0000", "contents": "1955 State of Vietnam referendum, Counting and results\nThe scholar Bernard B. Fall stated that \"there is not the slightest doubt that this plebiscite was only a shade more fraudulent than most electoral tests under a dictatorship\". The American journalist Stanley Karnow cited the dubious plebiscite as evidence of Di\u1ec7m's \"mandarin mentality\". Chapman wrote that \"...\u00a0no amount of unilateral campaigning, anti-B\u1ea3o \u0110\u1ea1i sentiment, or Confucian political restraint could explain Di\u1ec7m's 98 percent margin of victory in a politically heterogeneous South Vietnam. Corruption and intimidation must have played a significant role.\"", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 54], "content_span": [55, 623]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073058-0035-0001", "contents": "1955 State of Vietnam referendum, Counting and results\nButtinger said that while the monarchy was \"another rotten relic of Vietnam's past\" and B\u1ea3o \u0110\u1ea1i \"its last, unworthy representative\", fraud and intimidation were unnecessary as Di\u1ec7m would have won easily in any event. Historian David Anderson said the victory \"was not a true representation of Di\u1ec7m's power or popularity. The emperor's weakness, the disarray of the political opposition, and other such factors explain his triumph\".", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 54], "content_span": [55, 486]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073058-0036-0000", "contents": "1955 State of Vietnam referendum, Reaction and aftermath\nThree days after the vote, Di\u1ec7m proclaimed the creation of the Republic of Vietnam, naming himself as its president. He said \"The October 23rd plebiscite in which [the people of South Vietnam] took such an enthusiastic part, constitutes an approval of the policies pursued thus far and at the same time augurs a whole new era for the future of our country.\" Di\u1ec7m reiterated that he would not partake in national reunification elections, saying that they would be futile unless \"true liberty\" came about in the communist North Vietnam, which impressed American observers, who feared a total communist takeover.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 56], "content_span": [57, 666]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073058-0037-0000", "contents": "1955 State of Vietnam referendum, Reaction and aftermath\nHaving claimed the election was entirely without irregularities, the United States government hailed Di\u1ec7m as a new hero of the \"free world\". Senator Mike Mansfield (D-MT) claimed the referendum \"was a reflection of their [the Vietnamese people's] search for a leader who would respond to their needs\u00a0... they sensed that Di\u1ec7m could provide that kind of leadership.\" Mansfield had been a professor of Asian history before entering politics; as a result his opinions about Vietnam were more influential and held in high regard by his fellow senators.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 56], "content_span": [57, 605]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073058-0037-0001", "contents": "1955 State of Vietnam referendum, Reaction and aftermath\nArchives of policy discussions show that the Americans were concerned more about the negative image created by Diem's autocratic and antidemocratic style among the international community, rather than its possible effects on national cohesion. The US State Department spokesman said \"the people of Viet-Nam have spoken, and we, of course, recognise their decision\". An official congratulatory statement from the department said \"The Department of State is gratified that according to reports the referendum was conducted in such an orderly and efficient manner and that the people of Viet-Nam have made their choice unmistakably clear\u00a0... we look forward to a continuation of the friendly relations between the Government of Viet-Nam and the United States.\"", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 56], "content_span": [57, 814]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073058-0038-0000", "contents": "1955 State of Vietnam referendum, Reaction and aftermath\nReaction to Di\u1ec7m's victory among the American press varied with geographic location. Newspapers in the Midwest hailed Di\u1ec7m's win as a triumph for democracy and extolled the new president as a champion of democracy. However, The New York Times said that the extreme margin of victory made \"Diem's administrative control look more pervasive than is thought to be the case by a number of observers here.\" However, the paper also obligingly claimed the poll a \"sound democratic procedure\" and a \"public tribute to a strong-willed leader\". Reader's Digest called it an \"overwhelming endorsement\" and dubbed Di\u1ec7m a \"beacon of light, showing the way to free people\".", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 56], "content_span": [57, 716]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073058-0039-0000", "contents": "1955 State of Vietnam referendum, Reaction and aftermath\nDi\u1ec7m's victory was seen as a blow to French stature in Vietnam, as the former colonial power had helped to set up B\u1ea3o \u0110\u1ea1i's State of Vietnam in 1949. They consistently opposed Di\u1ec7m and his policies, and unsuccessfully tried to impede him. The U.S. media regarded Di\u1ec7m's victory as a signal that the United States would be the only Western power in South Vietnam. Some felt that this would enable Di\u1ec7m to rule effectively without French hindrance, while others felt that this would leave too much of a burden on the American government.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 56], "content_span": [57, 592]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073058-0039-0001", "contents": "1955 State of Vietnam referendum, Reaction and aftermath\nThe French media and diplomatic corps viewed the result as a humiliation. Before the poll, French officials had privately predicted Di\u1ec7m would dissolve the French High Command and use any victory as justification for scrapping the national reunification elections. The French media viewed the poll as undemocratic and a plot by the Americans to sabotage any prospect of national reunification, but France recognised the Republic of Vietnam soon after.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 56], "content_span": [57, 508]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073058-0040-0000", "contents": "1955 State of Vietnam referendum, Reaction and aftermath\nDi\u1ec7m severed economic relations with France on 9 December 1955, and withdrew from the French Union shortly afterwards. Neither the Soviet Union nor communist China overtly objected to Di\u1ec7m's actions in creating a new state in the southern half of Vietnam. Nevertheless, by the time of Di\u1ec7m's deposal and assassination in 1963, France bought 46.3% of South Vietnam's exports and accounted for most of the foreign investment in the country. French cultural influences and the language remained prevalent.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 56], "content_span": [57, 559]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073058-0041-0000", "contents": "1955 State of Vietnam referendum, Reaction and aftermath\nIn January 1956, with no legislature and constitution in place, Di\u1ec7m used his absolute power to dissolve the Revolutionary Council by launching police raids on the members, forcing those from the Cao \u0110\u00e0i and H\u00f2a H\u1ea3o who had rallied to his side to go on the run. As a result, they turned against him.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 56], "content_span": [57, 356]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073059-0000-0000", "contents": "1955 State of the Union Address\nThe 1955 State of the Union Address was given by the 34th president of the United States, Dwight D. Eisenhower, on Thursday, January 6, 1955, to the 84th United States Congress. He said, \"Every citizen wants to give full expression to his God-given talents and abilities and to have the recognition and respect accorded under our religious and political traditions.\" He also said, \"To protect our nations and our peoples from the catastrophe of a \"nuclear holocaust\", free nations must maintain countervailing military power to persuade the Communists of the futility of seeking their ends through aggression.\"", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [31, 31], "content_span": [32, 642]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073059-0000-0001", "contents": "1955 State of the Union Address\nHe is referring to what seemed to be the high likelihood of nuclear warfare of the time. He ended with, \"And so, I know with all my heart--and I deeply believe that all Americans know--that, despite the anxieties of this divided world, our faith, and the cause in which we all believe, will surely prevail.\" This address was given in his first term (1953-1957), in Washington, D.C.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [31, 31], "content_span": [32, 413]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073060-0000-0000", "contents": "1955 Stockport South by-election\nThe Stockport South by-election was held on 3 February 1955. It was held due to the elevation to a hereditary peerage of the incumbent Conservative MP, Arnold Gridley. It was retained by the Conservative candidate, Harold Macdonald Steward.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [32, 32], "content_span": [33, 273]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073061-0000-0000", "contents": "1955 Sugar Bowl\nThe 1955 Sugar Bowl was an American college football bowl game played on January 1, 1955 at Tulane Stadium in New Orleans. The game featured the fifth-ranked Navy Midshipmen and the sixth-ranked Ole Miss Rebels.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 15], "section_span": [15, 15], "content_span": [16, 227]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073061-0001-0000", "contents": "1955 Sugar Bowl\nRunning back Joe Gattuso scored on a 3-yard touchdown run as Navy took a 7\u20130 lead in the first quarter. The second quarter had no scoring. In the third quarter, Navy quarterback George Welsh threw a 16-yard touchdown pass to halfback Jack Weaver, as Navy took command with a 14\u20130 lead. Gattuso scored on a 1-yard touchdown run, his second of the game, as Navy built a 21\u20130 lead. With no more scoring, Navy held on to win. With two rushing touchdowns, Gattuso was named the game's MVP.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 15], "section_span": [15, 15], "content_span": [16, 500]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073061-0002-0000", "contents": "1955 Sugar Bowl, Team selection\nThe 1954 Sugar Bowl, played between the Georgia Tech and West Virginia, was a fiasco for the game's organizers. West Virginia, in an attempt to stop Georgia Tech's rushing attack, utilized an unusual 8-3 defensive structure and set themselves up for a 42-19 rout. The Mid-Winter Sports Association, who organizes the game, wanted to recover from the 1954 disaster. Journalist Marty Mul\u00e9 wrote that the group \"felt obligated to reestablish itself as the premier bowl\". Because of this, the organization \"went hunting in new territory: the service academies\". Army quickly rejected an offer from the Sugar Bowl, but Navy officials said they would consider accepting a bid from the Sugar or Cotton bowls.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 15], "section_span": [17, 31], "content_span": [32, 733]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073061-0003-0000", "contents": "1955 Sugar Bowl, Team selection, Navy\nThe 1953 season was a disappointment for Navy, who entered the year ranked 13th in the AP Poll, but finished with a mediocre record at 4-3-2. The Midshipmen were in their fourth season under the leadership of Eddie Erdelatz, who held an 11-14-2 record before the 1953 season, which included a 14-2 upset of undefeated rival Army in 1950. The 1953 season began decently for Navy, but ended in with a 1-3-1 record in their last five games, of which all three losses were to rivals.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 15], "section_span": [17, 37], "content_span": [38, 517]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073061-0004-0000", "contents": "1955 Sugar Bowl, Team selection, Navy\nThe 1954 season began with an easy 27-0 victory over a weak rival William and Mary team which had ruined the Midshipmen's previous season with a 6-6 tie. Navy followed the win with a blowout victory over another weak team, Dartmouth, the following week. After the 42-7 victory, the Midshipmen were ranked on the AP Poll, tying for the nineteenth spot along with Virginia Tech. The team's next game was against a seventeenth-ranked Stanford team. The Indians, which was the team's nickname, were coming off a 12-2 upset of Illinois in the national game of the week.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 15], "section_span": [17, 37], "content_span": [38, 602]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073061-0004-0001", "contents": "1955 Sugar Bowl, Team selection, Navy\nSportswriters were mixed on who would win the contest, but opinion favored Stanford and a writer for the Eugene Register-Guard, in selecting Navy to win, wrote that was \"going out on a limb\" with his decision. However, the Midshipmen smashed any doubts and shutout Stanford 25-0. Following the win, Navy jumped in the polls and placed ninth, while receiving one first place vote. Navy was scheduled to play Pittsburgh the following week. The Midshipmen's opponents were coached by former Navy player and coach, as well as future hall-of-fame inductee, Tom Hamilton, who had just taken over the position that week. Navy was upset by Pitt in a close game, by the score of 21-19. After the loss, they dropped completely out of the rankings.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 15], "section_span": [17, 37], "content_span": [38, 775]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073061-0005-0000", "contents": "1955 Sugar Bowl, Team selection, Navy\nThe next game for the Midshipmen was against a struggling Pennsylvania team. In a very one-sided match, Navy won in a 52-7 blowout against Penn, who would go winless for the season. The Midshipmen reentered the AP Poll after the game, placing fifteenth. The Notre Dame Fighting Irish, Navy's second-oldest rival, was next up on the Midshipmen's schedule. The Fighting Irish were heavily favored coming into the game, ranked sixth in the AP Poll; they also had won the previous ten games in the rivalry, often by large amounts.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 15], "section_span": [17, 37], "content_span": [38, 564]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073061-0005-0001", "contents": "1955 Sugar Bowl, Team selection, Navy\nHowever, Navy's coach, Eddie Erdelatz, as well as several sportswriters, held that the Midshipmen could win the game. The game was plagued with sloppy play from both teams, mainly due to muddy field conditions, but Notre Dame won 6-0 with a 46-yard touchdown pass late in the first half. Navy nearly tied the game, but fumbled the ball on the one-yard line. Despite the loss, the Midshipmen managed to remain in the polls, ending the week at number nineteen. Navy's next game was against eleventh-ranked Duke in the eighth annual Oyster Bowl, a special contest organized by several Shrine groups, where proceeds help disabled children. Navy easily defeated Duke by a score of 40-7, which included twice scoring touchdowns with their backup offense.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 15], "section_span": [17, 37], "content_span": [38, 786]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073061-0006-0000", "contents": "1955 Sugar Bowl, Team selection, Navy\nThe Midshipmen's penultimate game was against a poor-quality Columbia team which had won only a single game against a weak schedule. Navy, now ranked tenth, had no trouble with them, winning 51-7. Going into their final game, the Midshipmen were ranked sixth, with two first place votes. Their last game was the annual Army\u2013Navy Game against the fifth-ranked Army Black Knights. Neither team had an edge going into the contest; both had similar records, offensive and defensive rankings, and scores against common opponents.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 15], "section_span": [17, 37], "content_span": [38, 562]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073061-0006-0001", "contents": "1955 Sugar Bowl, Team selection, Navy\nSportswriters considered the game to be the biggest of the season, and the Lambert-Meadowlands Trophy, awarded to the best team in the Eastern United States, would be awarded to the winner of the game. The match was closely fought throughout, but Navy managed to hold a lead for the majority of the second half, and won 27-20. They moved up to fifth in the polls, and were awarded the Lambert-Meadowlands Trophy in a near-unanimous vote.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 15], "section_span": [17, 37], "content_span": [38, 475]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073061-0007-0000", "contents": "1955 Sugar Bowl, Team selection, Ole Miss\nThe Rebels' 1953 season, despite being worse than the 1952 year, was a moderate success with a 7-2-1 record and a second-place finish in conference play. Johnny Vaught was in his seventh year at the school, during which time he had won them a conference championship and two bowl bids. After a decent start to the 1953 season with two wins and a loss to a conference opponent, Ole Miss went on a five-game winning streak, which hit its peak with an eleventh-place spot in the AP Poll after a blowout of North Texas. However, the year ended on a sour note, losing to national champion Maryland in a shutout and tying arch-rival Mississippi State.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 15], "section_span": [17, 41], "content_span": [42, 687]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073061-0008-0000", "contents": "1955 Sugar Bowl, Team selection, Ole Miss\nThe Rebels began the 1954 season with a game against a mediocre North Texas team. Going into the game ranked tenth in the AP Poll, they were heavily expected to win the game. Ole Miss controlled the contest for its entirety; after allowing North Texas to score on its first drive, Mississippi's defense stopped them quickly the rest of the game, while their offense repeatedly put up big plays that led to a 35-12 victory. Ole Miss moved up one place in the polls after the win and received a single first-place vote.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 15], "section_span": [17, 41], "content_span": [42, 559]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073061-0008-0001", "contents": "1955 Sugar Bowl, Team selection, Ole Miss\nThe Rebels' next game was against Kentucky and began Southeastern Conference (SEC) play for both teams. Kentucky scored first with a field goal, but Ole Miss took over afterwards and won easily, 28-9. Mississippi again moved up a single spot in the polls, but received three first place votes. In front of a crowd of about 96,000 people, Ole Miss challenged Villanova the following week. The contest was a slaughter from the beginning and Mississippi, relying mainly on their passing game, won in a shutout 52-0. They moved up another spot in the polls and gained another nine first place votes following the game.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 15], "section_span": [17, 41], "content_span": [42, 656]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073061-0009-0000", "contents": "1955 Sugar Bowl, Team selection, Ole Miss\nIn their second conference game, Ole Miss played a close game against Vanderbilt. Following a closely fought first half, Mississippi pulled away late in the third quarter with two consecutive touchdowns. Vanderbilt attempted to recover, but a late safety sealed a 22-7 victory for the Rebels. Ole Miss did not move in the polls following the game, but did lose a first-place vote. The following week against Tulane was the school's homecoming game. Their third SEC game, Ole Miss was in the lead for the whole contest. Tulane's offense picked up less than fifty yards, their only score in the 34-7 match coming from a ninety-one yard interception return. Following the contest, the Rebels were the only undefeated team left in the SEC. The win propelled Mississippi to the fifth spot in the AP Poll.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 15], "section_span": [17, 41], "content_span": [42, 841]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073062-0000-0000", "contents": "1955 Summer International University Sports Week\nThe 1955 Summer International University Sports Week were organised by the International University Sports Federation (FISU) and held in San Sebasti\u00e1n, Spain, between 7 and 14 August.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 48], "section_span": [48, 48], "content_span": [49, 232]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073063-0000-0000", "contents": "1955 Sun Bowl\nThe 1955 Sun Bowl was a college football postseason bowl game that featured the Texas Western Miners and the Florida State Seminoles.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 13], "section_span": [13, 13], "content_span": [14, 147]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073063-0001-0000", "contents": "1955 Sun Bowl, Background\nThe Miners finished 3rd in the Border Intercollegiate Athletic Association in their second straight Sun Bowl, and fourth Sun Bowl in six years. As for the Seminoles, a 3\u20133 start ended with 5 straight wins to close out the regular season. This was their first Bowl since the 1950 Cigar Bowl.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 13], "section_span": [15, 25], "content_span": [26, 316]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073063-0002-0000", "contents": "1955 Sun Bowl, Game summary\nHarry Massey scored on a 1-yard touchdown run to give the Seminoles an early 7\u20130 lead, set up by a 25-yard kickoff return and a 48-yard rush both by Lee Corso. After Florida State lost both Corso (on a collision) and the ball after an ensuing punt, the Miners took advantage, scoring on a Rusty Rutledge touchdown catch from Jesse Whittenton to make it 7\u20137 after one quarter. In the second, the Miners exploded for 27 points. Whittenton ran for a touchdown run from 7 yards out to make it 13\u20137.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 13], "section_span": [15, 27], "content_span": [28, 522]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073063-0002-0001", "contents": "1955 Sun Bowl, Game summary\nBob Forrest scored on a 45-yard touchdown run to make it 20\u20137. Whittenton threw his 2nd touchdown pass to make it 27\u20137. He then threw a pass to Rutledge from 16 yards out to make it 34\u20137 at halftime. Forrest scored once again to make it 41\u20137 Miners. The Seminoles finally responded with a Len Swantic touchdown pass to make it 41\u201313 (after the kick was blocked). Whittenton made it 47\u201313 on his 2-yard touchdown plunge. In the fourth quarter, the only score was on a Larry Massey touchdown pass to make it 47\u201320. Future actor Burt Reynolds rushed for 35 yards on 7 carries for Florida State. Whittenton went 7 of 13 for 138 yards and three touchdowns passing and two touchdowns on 13 yards (on 8 carries) rushing in an MVP effort.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 13], "section_span": [15, 27], "content_span": [28, 758]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073063-0003-0000", "contents": "1955 Sun Bowl, Aftermath\nThe Miners went to the Sun Bowl thrice more in the next 12 years. As for Florida State, they returned once in 1966.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 13], "section_span": [15, 24], "content_span": [25, 140]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073064-0000-0000", "contents": "1955 Surinamese general election\nGeneral elections were held in Suriname on 29 March 1955. The result was a victory for the Unity Front, which won 11 of the 21 seats.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [32, 32], "content_span": [33, 166]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073065-0000-0000", "contents": "1955 Swedish driving side referendum\nA non-binding referendum on the introduction of right hand traffic was held in Sweden on 16 October 1955.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [36, 36], "content_span": [37, 142]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073065-0001-0000", "contents": "1955 Swedish driving side referendum\nThe voter turnout was 53.2%, and the suggestion failed by 15.5% against 82.9%. However, eight years later, in 1963, the Riksdag approved the change, following pressure from the Council of Europe and the Nordic Council. Traffic in Sweden switched from driving on the left-hand side of the road to the right on 3 September 1967 (see Dagen H).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [36, 36], "content_span": [37, 377]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073066-0000-0000", "contents": "1955 Swiss federal election\nFederal elections were held in Switzerland on 30 October 1955. The Social Democratic Party emerged as the largest party in the National Council, winning 53 of the 196 seats.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [27, 27], "content_span": [28, 201]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073066-0001-0000", "contents": "1955 Swiss federal election, Results, Council of the States\nIn several cantons the members of the Council of the States were chosen by the cantonal parliaments.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 59], "content_span": [60, 160]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073067-0000-0000", "contents": "1955 Swiss tenant and consumer protection referendum\nA referendum on tenant and consumer protection was held in Switzerland on 13 March 1955. Voters were asked whether they approved of a popular initiative \"for the protection of tenants and consumers\", which would prolong price controls. Although the proposal was approved by a majority of voters, it was rejected by a majority of cantons, so did not come into force. Voters also voted on a counterproposal, which was rejected by a majority of voters and cantons.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 52], "section_span": [52, 52], "content_span": [53, 514]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073068-0000-0000", "contents": "1955 Sydney to Hobart Yacht Race\nThe 1955 Sydney to Hobart Yacht Race, was the eleventh annual running of the \"blue water classic\" Sydney to Hobart Yacht Race.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [32, 32], "content_span": [33, 159]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073068-0001-0000", "contents": "1955 Sydney to Hobart Yacht Race\nHosted by the Cruising Yacht Club of Australia based in Sydney, New South Wales, the 1955 edition began on Sydney Harbour, at noon on Boxing Day (26 December 1955), before heading south for 630 nautical miles (1,170\u00a0km) through the Tasman Sea, past Bass Strait, into Storm Bay and up the River Derwent, to cross the finish line in Hobart, Tasmania.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [32, 32], "content_span": [33, 381]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073068-0002-0000", "contents": "1955 Sydney to Hobart Yacht Race\nThe 1955 Sydney to Hobart Yacht Race comprised a fleet of 17 competitors, the same number as in the 1954 race. Line-honours were awarded to Even, which raced out of New South Wales and was owned and skippered by Frederick John Palmer.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [32, 32], "content_span": [33, 267]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073068-0003-0000", "contents": "1955 Sydney to Hobart Yacht Race, 1955 fleet\n17 yachts registered to begin the 1953 Sydney to Hobart Yacht race. They are:", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 44], "content_span": [45, 122]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073069-0000-0000", "contents": "1955 Sylvania Television Awards\nThe 1955 Sylvania Television Awards were presented on December 2, 1955, in New York City. The Sylvania Awards were established by Sylvania Electric Products.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [31, 31], "content_span": [32, 189]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073070-0000-0000", "contents": "1955 Syracuse Grand Prix\nThe 1955 Syracuse Grand Prix was a Formula One race, held on 23 October at the Syracuse Circuit in Sicily. The race was won by Tony Brooks, in his first Formula One race, driving a Connaught type B. This was the first international Grand Prix win for a British car since the 1924 San Sebasti\u00e1n Grand Prix.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [24, 24], "content_span": [25, 330]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073070-0001-0000", "contents": "1955 Syracuse Grand Prix, Background\nAfter two fairly poor seasons, Connaught were close to running out of money, and were considering withdrawing from racing altogether. However they received an invitation to the Syracuse Grand Prix which included an offer of substantial starting money, so decided they would enter. They did not, however, have enough money to afford them an experienced driver. Instead they looked to dental student Tony Brooks, who had had some success in Aston Martin and Connaught sports cars earlier in the year but had never even driven a Formula One car before, as well as Formula Three driver Les Leston.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 36], "content_span": [37, 630]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073070-0002-0000", "contents": "1955 Syracuse Grand Prix, Background\nAlthough Ferrari did not enter, Maserati entered a full team of five cars, to the relief of the race organisers. Few expected the Maserati team to have any trouble against the Connaughts, Gordinis, several privately entered Maseratis and two privately entered Ferraris.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 36], "content_span": [37, 306]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073070-0003-0000", "contents": "1955 Syracuse Grand Prix, Report, Practice/Qualifying\nThe first practice session was on Friday afternoon. As expected  the works Maseratis dominated, with Luigi Musso and Luigi Villoresi (who had driven for Lancia earlier in the year before the team folded) easily the fastest. The Connaughts had yet to arrive, however, so Brooks and Leston attempted to learn the circuit on borrowed Vespas.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 53], "content_span": [54, 392]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073070-0004-0000", "contents": "1955 Syracuse Grand Prix, Report, Practice/Qualifying\nThe Connaughts arrived on Saturday in time for the second practice session, the cars being ready immediately after arriving at the circuit after a five day journey across Europe. Musso and Villoresi went slower than on Friday as they had no reason to believe any of their competitors would be able to challenge their times, Musso's best having been 2 minutes and 5 seconds. However it took Brooks remarkably little time to familiarise himself with the circuit and was able to set fairly quick times, eventually down to 2 minutes and 6 seconds, fastest so far in the Saturday session.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 53], "content_span": [54, 637]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073070-0004-0001", "contents": "1955 Syracuse Grand Prix, Report, Practice/Qualifying\nThis was cause for concern in the Maserati pits, so Musson and Villoresi went back out to try to hold onto the first two starting positions. Eventually Musso got down to 2 minutes 3.6 seconds, Villoresi 2 minutes 4.7 seconds and Brooks not far behind with 2 minutes 5.4 seconds, which was enough to give him a front row start (on the 3\u20132\u20133 grid) ahead of the other works Maseratis, two of which were driven by Americans Carroll Shelby and Harry Schell, who shared the second row. None of the other drivers came close, with Robert Manzon in sixth place in the first of the two Gordinis and a second behind Schell.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 53], "content_span": [54, 666]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073070-0005-0000", "contents": "1955 Syracuse Grand Prix, Report, Race\nAt the start the two Maseratis on the front row lead away, staying side-by-side for some way with Musso eventually taking the lead. Meanwhile Brooks, who hadn't practiced a race start in the Connaught, made a slow start. At the end of the first lap, Musso lead Villoresi, Schell and Brooks, followed by Leston in fifth place after starting from the fifth row of the grid. The order at the front remained for three laps before Brooks was able to overtake Schell. Over the following laps Brooks continued to close the gap on Villoresi until he was able to overtake him too by the tenth lap. Leston had spun off and dropped down the order.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 38], "content_span": [39, 675]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073070-0006-0000", "contents": "1955 Syracuse Grand Prix, Report, Race\nOn lap 11 Brooks was able to overtake Musso for the lead, but was unable to pull away and Musso retook the lead the next lap and on the following lap Brooks overtook again. For several laps Musso was almost touching Brooks' tail, and both drivers were lapping very fast, with the lap record being broken three times, first by Brooks, then twice by Musso.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 38], "content_span": [39, 393]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073070-0006-0001", "contents": "1955 Syracuse Grand Prix, Report, Race\nOn several occasions Musso was able to temporarily get ahead of Brooks by braking later on approach to the hairpin roughly a third of the way into the lap, but Brooks was always able to take the lead back under acceleration. This suited Brooks as he knew the disc-brakes on his Connaught would last much longer than the drum-brakes on the Maserati, and so eventually Brooks started to pull away as Musso suffered brake fade.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 38], "content_span": [39, 463]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073070-0007-0000", "contents": "1955 Syracuse Grand Prix, Report, Race\nBy half distance Brooks lead Musso by 40 seconds and continued to pull away. He set the fastest lap of 2 minutes 00.2 seconds, 3.4 seconds faster than Musso's pole time, on lap 55, and then began to slow as it was clear Musso would not be able to catch him. Musso tried however, lowering the gap to 32 seconds at which point Brooks increased his pace again, eventually winning by just over 50 seconds, with Villoresi still third, two laps behind.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 38], "content_span": [39, 485]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073071-0000-0000", "contents": "1955 Syracuse Orangemen football team\nThe 1955 Syracuse Orangemen football team represented Syracuse University in the 1955 college football season. The Orangemen were led by seventh-year head coach Ben Schwartzwalder and played their home games at Archbold Stadium in Syracuse, New York. Syracuse finished the season with a 5\u20133 record and were not invited to a bowl game.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [37, 37], "content_span": [38, 372]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073072-0000-0000", "contents": "1955 System\nThe 1955 system (55\u5e74\u4f53\u5236) refers to the political system in Japan since 1955 in which the Liberal Democratic Party (LDP) has successively held a majority government with opposition parties incapable of forming a significant alternative. The terms 1955 system or the one-and-a-half system are credited to Junnosuke Masumi who described the system of 1955 as \"a grand political dam into which the history of Japanese politics surge.\"", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 11], "section_span": [11, 11], "content_span": [12, 441]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073072-0001-0000", "contents": "1955 System\nThe years of Japan under such a regime witnessed high economic growth during the late 20th century, but it also led to the dominance of the ruling party in the National Diet, with an undergirded tight connection between the bureaucracy and the business sector. Due to a series of LDP scandals and the 1992 burst of the Japanese asset price bubble, influenced by the Plaza Accord, the LDP was 33 seats short of a majority in the House of Representatives during the 1993 general election, which initially signified the end of the 1955 system. However, the opposition coalition would soon fall apart just a few months later due to infighting and lose much of its support, leading to LDP's swift return by the next election.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 11], "section_span": [11, 11], "content_span": [12, 732]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073072-0002-0000", "contents": "1955 System\nSince the turn of the century, similar circumstances from a decade earlier led to both the LDP briefly losing power in 2009 before subsequently regaining it in 2012, where it remains so today.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 11], "section_span": [11, 11], "content_span": [12, 204]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073072-0002-0001", "contents": "1955 System\nThe continued political dominance and its robust grip on the state apparatus by the LDP as well as its considerable influence in both the public and private sectors has led many political analysts and researchers to characterize Japan as a de facto one-party state, as it would be arduous for non-LDP parties to stay in power for long even if they manage to win a significant amount of seats in the Diet. Japan is also seen as a form of a dominant-party state.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 11], "section_span": [11, 11], "content_span": [12, 472]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073072-0003-0000", "contents": "1955 System, Background, Pre-1955 multiparty system\nAfter World War II, Japan was controlled by the Supreme Commander for the Allied Powers (SCAP). SCAP aimed at the eradication of militarism and the promotion of democratization in Japan, and therefore it issued a series of policies to arrest suspected war criminals which shuffled the political power in Japan. The power of right-wing parties declined in the immediate post war periods due to the purge. The Japan Progressive Party lost about 90% of the seats in the purge, while the Japan Liberal Party lost about 45%. Meanwhile, since many parties on the left were only legalized under the command of SCAP after the WW2, they were barely influenced by the purge. As a result, the Japan Socialist Party led by Tetsu Katayama won the first general election after the enforcement of the constitution of Japan.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 11], "section_span": [13, 51], "content_span": [52, 860]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073072-0004-0000", "contents": "1955 System, Background, Pre-1955 multiparty system\nAlthough at the time no formal regulations about how to form a coalition government existed, there was a consensus among the major parties that a coalition government should be formed to manage the post-war economic problems. Nonetheless, which party would be included in the coalition took a long process of negotiations. Both a four-party coalition excluding the Japan Communist Party (JCP) and a three-party coalition excluding both the Communist Party and the Liberal Party were suggested within the socialists. The Liberal party, led by anticommunist Shigeru Yoshida, showed great reluctance of joining the coalition.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 11], "section_span": [13, 51], "content_span": [52, 674]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073072-0004-0001", "contents": "1955 System, Background, Pre-1955 multiparty system\nAt a meeting between the Katayama and Yoshida on May 19, 1947, the Liberal Party asked Katayama to \"break off with the leftists\" in return of its participation in the coalition. Since the Socialist Party had already claimed to officially cut ties with the Communist Party earlier, it refused such demand. The lengthy coalition-building process ended up with a government headed by the Socialist Party, the Democratic Party, and the National Cooperative Party.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 11], "section_span": [13, 51], "content_span": [52, 511]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073072-0005-0000", "contents": "1955 System, Background, Pre-1955 multiparty system\nThe Katayama-led coalition government did not last more than a year due to opposition from both inside the Socialist Party and outside. In order to form a coalition, Katayama had to make concessions which departed from original policy proposals, which further facilitated the split between the leftist faction and the rightist faction within the party. At the same time, policies which Katayama did implement, such as nationalization of coal and mine production, drove the conservatives away.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 11], "section_span": [13, 51], "content_span": [52, 544]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073072-0006-0000", "contents": "1955 System, Background, Yoshida hegemony\nAfter the failure of Katayama cabinet, voters lost confidence in the Socialist Party, which led to the takeover of government by Shigeru Yoshida. In the general election of 1949, the Democratic Liberal Party led by Yoshida won a majority in the House of representatives with 269 seats out of 466 seats, while the Socialist Party won only 48 seats. This was the first majority cabinet in post-war Japan.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 11], "section_span": [13, 41], "content_span": [42, 444]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073072-0007-0000", "contents": "1955 System, Background, Yoshida hegemony\nYoshida Shigeru organized five cabinets as a prime minister between 1946 and 1954. The diplomatic, economic, and security policies which Yoshida adopted when he was in power were altogether referred as the \"Yoshida Doctrine\". These policies remained influential even after him being voted out of the office by a no-confidence motion by the \"Yoshida students\" who followed his ideology. The Yoshida Doctrine has three major components: 1. Japan relies on its alliance with the U.S. for national security; 2. Japan preserves a low level of self-defense capacity; 3. Japan should concentrate on the reconstruction of domestic economy.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 11], "section_span": [13, 41], "content_span": [42, 673]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073072-0007-0001", "contents": "1955 System, Background, Yoshida hegemony\nThe Yoshida Doctrine set the tone for Japan's economic miracle and alignment with the West. However, Yoshida's \"one man\" leadership and anti-communist stance was criticized and eventually led to the defection of many Diet members from his party to the new Democratic Party, causing his cabinet to resign on December 7, 1954.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 11], "section_span": [13, 41], "content_span": [42, 366]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073072-0008-0000", "contents": "1955 System, Background, Fall of Shigeru Yoshida\nThe criticisms of Yoshida cabinet mainly focused on three issues:", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 11], "section_span": [13, 48], "content_span": [49, 114]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073072-0009-0000", "contents": "1955 System, Background, Fall of Shigeru Yoshida\nThe three controversies led to the gathering of anti-Yoshida forces. On October 20, 1954, anti-Yoshida conservatives formed a coalition party: the Japan Democratic Party. The Japan Democratic Party along with the Leftist Socialist Party of Japan and the Rightist Socialist Party of Japan tabled a no-confidence motion against the cabinet on December 6 and won the majority. As a result, Yoshida Cabinet resigned on December 7 after six years of rule.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 11], "section_span": [13, 48], "content_span": [49, 499]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073072-0010-0000", "contents": "1955 System, Establishment of the 1955 System, Merger of the Japan Socialist Party (JSP)\nWithin the Socialist party, ideological conflicts had long been a problem. The leftists in the party adopted a Marxist-Leninist ideology like China, while the rightists leaned towards a socialist welfare nation under a capitalist system. The San Francisco Peace Treaty and the Security Treaty Between the United States and Japan signed in 1951 triggered the final split. The right socialists agreed on the San Francisco Peace Treaty but were against the Security Treaty, due to their constitutionalist stance, while the left socialists were against both treaties due to their exclusion of Soviet Union. On October 23, 1951, the old Socialist Party officially split into the Leftist Socialist Party of Japan and the Rightist Socialist Party of Japan.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 11], "section_span": [13, 88], "content_span": [89, 838]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073072-0011-0000", "contents": "1955 System, Establishment of the 1955 System, Merger of the Japan Socialist Party (JSP)\nAfter the split, however, the socialists soon realized the necessity of merging into one party to fight against the anti-communist approach taken by the GHQ and the conservatives, which is commonly referred to as the reverse course (\u9006\u30b3\u30fc\u30b9). After the San Francisco Peace Treaty came into effect, influential members from the Rightist Socialist Party of Japan came back from the purge and boosted the power of the rightists. The Leftist Socialist Party of Japan also expanded its power with the support of the General Council of Trade Unions of Japan, also known as Sohyo (\u65e5\u672c\u52b4\u50cd\u7d44\u5408\u7dcf\u8a55\u8b70\u4f1a).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 11], "section_span": [13, 88], "content_span": [89, 672]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073072-0011-0001", "contents": "1955 System, Establishment of the 1955 System, Merger of the Japan Socialist Party (JSP)\nMeanwhile, the conservatives were suffering criticisms from the public for the corruption scandals and Security Treaty. Sensing the possibility of success, despite their ideological differences, to take power from the political right and fight against the anti-communist movement, the socialists decided to reunite and formed the Japan Socialist Party (JSP) on October 13, 1955.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 11], "section_span": [13, 88], "content_span": [89, 467]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073072-0012-0000", "contents": "1955 System, Establishment of the 1955 System, Merger of the Japan Socialist Party (JSP)\nOne crucial external factor that caused the merger of JSD is Sohyo. Sohyo, the abbreviation of the General Council of Trade Unions of Japan, was a trade confederation in Japan which was established on July 11, 1950, soon after the start of the Korean War. It incorporated about 48% of organized workers in Japan. Initially, Sohyo was the unified body of anti-communist unions, but it soon changed from a centralist stance to a left stance due to the remilitarization tendency of Japan shown in the Korean War. Due to the rationalization strategy taken by the conservative government, Japanese workers, particular those worked in small and median-sized factories were facing slow wage increase and even dismissals. In response, Sohyo organized the anti-rationalization campaign and pressured the merger of JSP.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 11], "section_span": [13, 88], "content_span": [89, 898]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073072-0013-0000", "contents": "1955 System, Establishment of the 1955 System, Merger of the Liberal Democratic Party of Japan (LDP)\nIn the 1955 general election, the conservative Japan Democratic Party won the ruling position. Meanwhile, the Leftist Socialist Party of Japan was able to win 17 more seats. The expansion of Leftist Socialist Party of Japan and the soon formation of the leftists and rightists in the socialist camp into JSP became a more substantial threat for the conservatives. As a result, also in 1955, the Japan Democratic Party and the Japan Liberal Party merged as Liberal Democratic Party of Japan (LDP).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 11], "section_span": [13, 100], "content_span": [101, 597]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073072-0014-0000", "contents": "1955 System, Establishment of the 1955 System, Merger of the Liberal Democratic Party of Japan (LDP)\nThe expansion of the socialist power also worried the Zaikai (business community). Zaikai had incentives to secure a conservative government since it would pump money into the big companies to keep their competitiveness, stay in a close relationship with the U.S. to maintain a liberal trade policy, and deal with the intensified anti-rationalization labor movement. Therefore, to counter the socialist power, the Zaikai pressured the Liberal Party and the Democratic Party to merge.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 11], "section_span": [13, 100], "content_span": [101, 584]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073072-0015-0000", "contents": "1955 System, Establishment of the 1955 System, Outcome of the merger: 1955 System\nAfter the formation of the two major parties, JSP and LDP, a general election was held in 1958. Although the Socialist Party was gaining more power at the time, the conservative Liberal Party and Democratic Party had more voters from the beginning, and were able to consolidate support after their merger. As a result, the LDP won almost twice as many seats as the JSP. The 1955 system, also known as \"one and a half system,\" was established, in which the LDP maintained its status as the dominant party, while the JSP was never able to muster enough support to seriously challenge it.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 11], "section_span": [13, 81], "content_span": [82, 667]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073072-0016-0000", "contents": "1955 System, Establishment of the 1955 System, Outcome of the merger: 1955 System\nThe 1955 system centered around the two parties' confrontation over two major issues: the 1946 constitution and the Security Treaty. During the occupation years, Minister Matsumoto Joji (\u677e\u672c\u70dd\u6cbb) drafted the 1946 constitution under the demand of General Douglas MacArthur. Unsatisfied with the draft, SCAP revised it, and it served as the banner for SCAP's efforts to democratize and demilitarize Japan. The conservative parties had wished to revise the constitution since its enactment, particularly Article 9. At the same time, the socialist parties opposed any revision of the constitution.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 11], "section_span": [13, 81], "content_span": [82, 672]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073072-0017-0000", "contents": "1955 System, Establishment of the 1955 System, Outcome of the merger: 1955 System\nAnother issue was the Security Treaty signed in 1951, a product of the late occupation years. Unlike the 1946 constitution, designed to wipe out militarism in Japan, the Security Treaty was the result of the U.S. wishing to secure its military strength in Asia to counter the communist threat in the Cold War. The JSP strongly opposed the Security Treaty due to fears of rearmament or a revival of militarism in Japan, while the LDP argued that the presence of the U.S. army in Japan was merely for self-defense.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 11], "section_span": [13, 81], "content_span": [82, 594]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073072-0018-0000", "contents": "1955 System, Establishment of the 1955 System, Challenge to the 1955 System: the 1960 Anpo Protests\nIn 1960, the JSP and the JCP, working in coalition with the Zengakuren student federation, the S\u014dhy\u014d labor federation, and a variety of civic groups, managed to mount the massive, nationwide Anpo Protests against the attempt by the LDP to revise the Security Treaty. Because of the size of the protests and dogged JSP opposition in the Diet, ratification of the revised treaty proved extremely difficult.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 11], "section_span": [13, 99], "content_span": [100, 504]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073072-0018-0001", "contents": "1955 System, Establishment of the 1955 System, Challenge to the 1955 System: the 1960 Anpo Protests\nAfter Prime Minister Nobusuke Kishi forcibly rammed the new treaty through the Diet against the objections of several factions of his own party, it looked like the 1955 System was on the verge of collapse, as several LDP factions began making plans to bolt from the party. However, intense public outrage at Kishi's actions exploded in even larger demonstrations, and Kishi was forced to resign. Kishi was replaced as prime minister by Hayato Ikeda, who managed to tame factional rivalries and stabilize the 1955 System.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 11], "section_span": [13, 99], "content_span": [100, 620]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073072-0019-0000", "contents": "1955 System, LDP dominance in the 1955 system, Electoral system\nThe electoral system that was used under 1955 system is known as the Single Nontransferable Vote (SNTV). Under SNTV, each constituency has multiple seats to be filled. Voters instead of voting for parties, votes for individual candidates, and seats of the constituency go to whoever wins the most votes. One problem of such electoral system is that the fair allocation of seats to different parties are not taken into consideration: Since the winners of most votes eventually get the seats, candidates of one party can take all the seats of one constituency.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 11], "section_span": [13, 63], "content_span": [64, 622]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073072-0020-0000", "contents": "1955 System, LDP dominance in the 1955 system, Electoral system\nUnder such electoral system, LDP with its massive political donation put other opposition parties into disadvantage. Due to LDP's ties with big companies, the party directed the financial resources to individual candidates and enabled them to promise patronage to their voters, with a focus on the agricultural population, while the reallocation of Diet seats did not keep up with the migration from rural to urban area due to industrialization. Aside from the pork-barrel spending, the LDP candidates also cultivated personalism through Koenkai in their own constituency. Politicians went to the locals' wedding, funeral, birthday parties and so on. In such occasions, politicians often brought considerable amount of cash gift. Candidates would even organize activities such as hot springs for their supporters.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 11], "section_span": [13, 63], "content_span": [64, 877]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073072-0021-0000", "contents": "1955 System, LDP dominance in the 1955 system, Electoral system\nOn the account of its self-assertiveness, LDP unilaterally altered the rules for campaigning. Profiting off its constituted koenkai canvas, the competition rules were toughened for the Opposition. The formal campaign periods were short (and shortened further over time), television and radio advertising being prohibited and low limits placed on posters and handbills. Through the campaign, however, each candidate was granted two five-minute slots on television when a stream of candidates would line up and take turns in front of a stationary microphone to run through their list of promises right after which the next candidate would take other. Such rules of play were discouraging and difficult for a would-be challenger while LDP benefitted from the unfair restraints of participation by the sheer amount of runners.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 11], "section_span": [13, 63], "content_span": [64, 886]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073072-0022-0000", "contents": "1955 System, LDP dominance in the 1955 system, Electoral system\nAnother neglected flaw of the electoral system which bolstered LDP's dominance was the urgent need for redistricting in the wake of the post-war rapid population shifts from the rural to urban areas. The swelling urban populations were much trickier for LDP politicians to fit within the distributed koenkai grassroot structure as they were more peripatetic and atomized than the traditional rural household. These voters had new policy demands (ex. issues related to environmental deterioration in the 1960s) which conflicted with the ones practiced by LDP for their industry and big-business support. Under the obsolete district constituencies, the farmers retained disproportionate political influence which as a consequence of pork-barrel desires rather than by concern over issues of broad social policy, stagnated democratic alternation.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 11], "section_span": [13, 63], "content_span": [64, 907]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073072-0023-0000", "contents": "1955 System, LDP dominance in the 1955 system, Electoral system\nUnder the current electoral rules, LDP was motivated to develop loyal personal support for the farmer's voter group. Being a nationally organized group of voters and united around the single issue of agricultural protectionism, the party could tune higher import tariffs and subsidies to support the less productive small businesses which because of their large numbers, could turn out at elections and vote in predictable ways.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 11], "section_span": [13, 63], "content_span": [64, 492]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073072-0024-0000", "contents": "1955 System, LDP dominance in the 1955 system, Bureaucratization of policymaking\nSince the institution of the 1955 system, the legislative independence has been declining in the face of a growth in the combined legislative power of the bureaucracy and the ruling conservative party. Indicators that point to this are the success rates of governmental and individual member bills; the declining rate of amendments added; and the singular lack of success for opposition-sponsored bills. For example, the mere submission of non-governmentally sponsored measures is extremely difficult. In the Lower House, at least 20 representatives must support a \"member\" bill before it can be introduced, while in the Upper House ten supporters are required. Moreover, should the bill require the expenditure of state funds, fifty and twenty supporters respectively are necessary.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 11], "section_span": [13, 80], "content_span": [81, 864]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073072-0025-0000", "contents": "1955 System, LDP dominance in the 1955 system, Bureaucratization of policymaking\nThe chance for success of bureaucratic bills that was only 1.3 times greater than that for individual Diet-generated bills under the Occupation and about twice as great from 1952 to 1955, it augmented to 7 times greater by 1974, when approximately 90% of all successful legislation has been cabinet-sponsored. In addition, the Diet has not been notably active as a potential amender for which there are two devices open: it can either \"amend\" (shusei), or it can \"add supplementary resolution of clarification\" (futai ketsugi).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 11], "section_span": [13, 80], "content_span": [81, 608]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073072-0025-0001", "contents": "1955 System, LDP dominance in the 1955 system, Bureaucratization of policymaking\nFrom 1955 to 1960 just over one-third of all successful government legislation went through one or another of these processes. In the 48th Diet (1964-1965) this rate was 17% and in the 63rd Diet (1970) it was 15%. Finally, opposition bills had no chance of success: of 317 opposition bills introduced from the 37th (1960) through the 46th (1963-1964) Diets, not one became law. These numbers attest that by the time bills materialize in the Diet a general agreement has already been reached, both within and between the bureaucracy and the LDP. In such an environment, opposition and the generation of successful alternatives from within the Diet itself has become extremely difficult.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 11], "section_span": [13, 80], "content_span": [81, 766]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073072-0026-0000", "contents": "1955 System, LDP dominance in the 1955 system, Bureaucratization of policymaking\nBesides, the bureaucracy wields considerable and increasing power through the use of non-legislative devices such a subordinances and communications, and through its varying degrees of dominance over technical and nonpartisan advisory groups.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 11], "section_span": [13, 80], "content_span": [81, 323]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073072-0027-0000", "contents": "1955 System, LDP dominance in the 1955 system, Policy decision-making\nThe Policy Affairs Research Council (\u653f\u52d9\u8abf\u67fb\u4f1a, seimu ch\u014dsakai) or \"PARC\" was the major policymaking body within the LDP. Its members were the LDP representatives in both legislative houses, and it was the basic forum in which the party discussed and negotiated government policy. The policymaking under this system did not comply with the usual model of a parliamentary cabinet government which involves strong cabinet leadership and coordination. Instead, representatives who were not in the cabinet were often the other pivot of policy through their formal roles PARC. In consultation with bureaucrats and interest groups, the council already had input into policy before the cabinet and prime minister or upper party executives could shape it further. At its height in the mid-1980s, PARC had as many as seventeen divisions.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 11], "section_span": [13, 69], "content_span": [70, 894]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073072-0028-0000", "contents": "1955 System, LDP dominance in the 1955 system, Policy decision-making, Industrial policy\nJapan's industrial policy under the 1955 system was undergirded by a political logic that supports firms and whole industries that would not have been sustainable in a less-regulated economy, imposed high prices and taxes, limited choice in the marketplace, and rigid career paths. In spite of the fact that Japan came out of war with a theoretical comparative advantage towards light manufacturing which would match its profile of low-capital, abundant-labor economy, the war skewed its economic profile toward heavy industries. The large war companies lobbied for a development strategy favoring heavy industry and received subsidies and regulatory favoritism. In exchange, LDP members were awarded with campaign contributions to be able to stay electorally competitive against each other in the multi-member districts.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 11], "section_span": [13, 88], "content_span": [89, 910]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073072-0029-0000", "contents": "1955 System, LDP dominance in the 1955 system, Policy decision-making, Industrial policy\nThe Heavy Industries Bureau of the Ministry of International Trade and Industry assisted the heavy industries with policies such as:", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 11], "section_span": [13, 88], "content_span": [89, 221]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073072-0030-0000", "contents": "1955 System, LDP dominance in the 1955 system, Policy decision-making, Industrial policy\nSuch strategy of developmental policy which has strong state involvement in developmental orientation is typical of late industrialing countries and in terms of international political economy, follows the model of the developmental state. Explicit implication implies a degree of corruption, which during Kakuei Tanaka's office in 1971-1972 resulted in media noticing corruption which, in one instance, resulted in the Lockheed scandal.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 11], "section_span": [13, 88], "content_span": [89, 526]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073072-0031-0000", "contents": "1955 System, Brief fall of the system, Global pressure and the collapse of bubble economy\nAs a corollary of the Plaza Accord of 1985 when Japan agreed to allow substantial appreciation of the yen, the Japanese government reduced the interests marginally above the rate of inflation as a domestic relief strategy. This resulted in banks and corporations going on an enormous spending spree with nearly free money, bidding up the price of real estate and other assets.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 11], "section_span": [13, 89], "content_span": [90, 466]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073072-0032-0000", "contents": "1955 System, Brief fall of the system, Global pressure and the collapse of bubble economy\nAgainst the faith of many people that Japan would come to dominate the world economy, the Japanese asset price bubble led to a bubble crash after the raising of interest rates of the Bank of Japan in 1990 and firms together with their jobs were in mortal danger. In this context and on the background of LDP's short-term relieved pressure from the already shaky electoral coalition between exporters and the non-traded sectors, the voting public expressed disenchantment toward the ruling LDP. The LDP lost its majority following the 1993 election. JSP joined the government with other seven opposition parties with exclude the JCP. But the coalition government only existed for 11 months. In June 1994, JSP formed a grand coalition with LDP.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 11], "section_span": [13, 89], "content_span": [90, 832]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073072-0033-0000", "contents": "1955 System, Brief fall of the system, After 1993\nThe new electoral system following the 1994 Electoral reform which was claimed to reduce corruption and high elections costs, promote more policy debates, and encourage a two-party system. As a consequence of this reform as well as the change of voter behavior and the change of the international environment, the system collapsed completely following the 2005 and 2009 general elections which demonstrated significant shifts in both the foundations of party support and the importance of national swings in support for one party or another. Since 2005, urban-rural differences in the foundations of the leading parties have changed dramatically, and Japan has moved from a system dominated by locally based, individual candidacies toward a two-party system in which both party popularity and personal characteristics influence electoral success or failure.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 11], "section_span": [13, 49], "content_span": [50, 907]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073072-0034-0000", "contents": "1955 System, Brief fall of the system, After 1993\nThe specialist on theoretical knowledge of legislative institutions and electoral systems, Michael Thies, argues that majoritarian institutions of the Anglo-American variety would have pushed politics toward broader coalitions, reducing the premiums captured by organized groups with extreme preferences, and appealing more to the interests of unorganized, diverse voters. A study on the representation of unorganized groups under proportional representation (featuring multi-member voting-districts) concludes that closed-list proportional representation makes legislators generally more responsive to interest groups and less responsive to unorganized voters than single-member districts. An even representation would have given labor a persistent and politically potent voice of the kind seen in continental Europe.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 11], "section_span": [13, 49], "content_span": [50, 868]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073073-0000-0000", "contents": "1955 S\u00e3o Paulo FC season\nThe 1955 football season was S\u00e3o Paulo's 26th season since club's existence.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [24, 24], "content_span": [25, 101]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073074-0000-0000", "contents": "1955 TANFL season\nThe 1955 Tasmanian Australian National Football League (TANFL) premiership season was an Australian Rules football competition staged in Hobart, Tasmania over fifteen (15) roster rounds and four (4) finals series matches between 9 April and 17 September 1955.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [17, 17], "content_span": [18, 277]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073074-0001-0000", "contents": "1955 TANFL season, Participating Clubs, TANFL Reserves Grand Final\nNote: This match was played one week after the senior Grand Final due to a drawn Preliminary Final.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 66], "content_span": [67, 166]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073074-0002-0000", "contents": "1955 TANFL season, Participating Clubs, TANFL Under-19's Grand Final\nNote: South East affiliated to Sandy Bay, North West affiliated to North Hobart.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 68], "content_span": [69, 149]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073074-0003-0000", "contents": "1955 TANFL season, 1955 TANFL Ladder, Round 1\n(Saturday, 9 April, Monday, 11 April & Saturday 16 April 1955)", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 45], "content_span": [46, 108]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073074-0004-0000", "contents": "1955 TANFL season, 1955 TANFL Ladder, Round 13\nNote: Round postponed on 30 July due to inclement weather conditions.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 46], "content_span": [47, 116]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073074-0005-0000", "contents": "1955 TANFL season, 1955 TANFL Ladder, Grand Final\nSource: All scores and statistics courtesy of the Hobart Mercury and Saturday Evening Mercury (SEM) publications.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 49], "content_span": [50, 163]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073075-0000-0000", "contents": "1955 TCU Horned Frogs football team\nThe 1955 TCU Horned Frogs football team represented Texas Christian University (TCU) in the 1955 college football season. The Horned Frogs finished the season 9\u20132 overall and 5\u20131 in the Southwest Conference. The team was coached by Abe Martin in his third year as head coach. The Frogs played their home games in Amon G. Carter Stadium, which is located on campus in Fort Worth, Texas. They were invited to the Cotton Bowl Classic where they lost to Ole Miss by a score of 13\u201314.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [35, 35], "content_span": [36, 515]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073076-0000-0000", "contents": "1955 Tampa Spartans football team\nThe 1955 Tampa Spartans football team represented the University of Tampa in the 1955 college football season. It was the Spartans' 19th season. The team was led by head coach Marcelino Huerta, in his fourth year, and played their home games at Phillips Field in Tampa, Florida. They finished with a record of seven wins and two losses (7\u20132).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [33, 33], "content_span": [34, 376]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073077-0000-0000", "contents": "1955 Tangerine Bowl\nThe 1955 Tangerine Bowl was an American college football bowl game played after the 1954 season, on January 1, 1955, at the Tangerine Bowl stadium in Orlando, Florida. The Omaha Indians (today's Omaha Mavericks, who no longer have a football team) defeated the Eastern Kentucky Maroons (now the Eastern Kentucky Colonels) by a score of 7\u20136.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [19, 19], "content_span": [20, 360]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073077-0001-0000", "contents": "1955 Tangerine Bowl, Game summary\nOmaha scored on a 30-yard pass play in the first quarter, with Bill Englehardt both throwing the touchdown pass and then kicking the extra point. Eastern Kentucky answered with a touchdown in the second quarter, but the extra point was missed, leaving the score 7\u20136 at halftime. After a scoreless second half, the missed extra point proved to be the difference in the game. Englehardt was named the game's MVP.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [21, 33], "content_span": [34, 444]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073078-0000-0000", "contents": "1955 Targa Florio\nThe 39a Targa Florio took place on 16 October, around the Circuito delle Madonie Piccolo, (Sicily, Italy). It was also the sixth and final round of the F.I.A. World Sports Car Championship. The title lay between Ferrari, Jaguar and Mercedes-Benz, with Ferrari leading 19 points to 16 from the other two marques.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [17, 17], "content_span": [18, 329]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073078-0001-0000", "contents": "1955 Targa Florio, Report, Entry\nA grand total of 65 racing cars were registered for this event, of which 64 arrived for practice and qualifying. Scuderia Ferrari entered a pair of Ferrari 750 Monzas for Carroll Shelby and Gino Munaron, and Umberto Maglioli and Sergio Sighinolfi, alongside a 860 Monza for the partnership of Eugenio Castellotti and Robert Manzon. One of their closest championship rivals, Jaguar, did not enter not all, leaving it to just one locally entered Jaguar XK120 to take up to the fight. Meanwhile, Officine Alfieri Maserati sent a total of six works cars across the Strait of Messina to keep their very slim championship hopes alive. Amongst their line-up was Luigi Musso, Giorgio Scarlatti and Franco Bordoni.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 32], "content_span": [33, 738]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073078-0002-0000", "contents": "1955 Targa Florio, Report, Entry\nThe third marque chasing the title, Daimler-Benz AG entered three of their Mercedes-Benz 300SLRs to tackle the 44.64 mile circuit. They had decided to quit racing at the end of the 1955 season, but one last major attempt was made to wrest the World Sports Car Championship away from Ferrari. The cars were to be driven by Juan Manuel Fangio and Karl Kling, Stirling Moss and Peter Collins, and John Fitch with former Jaguar driver, Desmond Titterington.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 32], "content_span": [33, 486]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073078-0003-0000", "contents": "1955 Targa Florio, Report, Race\nThe race was held over 13 laps of the 44.64 miles of the Circuito delle Madonie Piccolo, giving a distance of 581.604 miles. Each team of drivers was expected to navigate approximately 10,000 curves during almost 10 hours of driving combined. The Daimler team manager, Alfred Neubauer was planning on each driver being able to run four lap stints.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 31], "content_span": [32, 379]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073078-0004-0000", "contents": "1955 Targa Florio, Report, Race\nThe first car, an Alfa Romeo 1900 TI started off at 07:00, with subsequent cars departing every 30 seconds. The first of the main competitors, the Ferrari 750 Monza driven by Luigi Piotti and Franco Cornacchia would leave at 07:24:30. Very quickly, Moss set a blistering pace and broke the track record by two and a half minutes. Although his Mercedes was one of the last to be flagged off, he had passed everyone by the end of lap one.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 31], "content_span": [32, 468]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073078-0005-0000", "contents": "1955 Targa Florio, Report, Race\nCastellotti's Ferrari split the Mercedes of Moss and Fangio. At the end of the fourth lap Castellotti was in first place and Moss was in a ditch. Moss had crashed but the Mercedes was still in working order if slightly bruised. After help from some spectators Moss was back on the road but now in fourth place. Collins exchanged places with Moss and took up the chase. Fangio passed the leading Ferrari and handed his car to Kling. Mercedes were now in first, third and fourth.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 31], "content_span": [32, 509]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073078-0005-0001", "contents": "1955 Targa Florio, Report, Race\nThe Mercedes of Moss and Collins would certainly have its fair share of obvious moments, scattered all around the car\u2019s body. Still, it was going very fast. The area around the headlights were badly damaged, front corners on both sides were stripped away. And the right side panel looked as though they had had a number of encounters with buildings as the two Englishmen pushed the 300SLR hard through the Sicilian countryside.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 31], "content_span": [32, 459]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073078-0006-0000", "contents": "1955 Targa Florio, Report, Race\nOn one occasion, Moss pushed at a bit too hard and would go careening off the side of the track. The car avoided heavy damage, and with the help of some local spectators, Moss would rejoin the race, still leading. Trouble struck again when Collins drove straight up a stone wall, his front wheels spinning in the air. Fortunately he was able to put his car in reverse and rejoined the battle. Collins worked his way up to first before returning the car to Moss.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 31], "content_span": [32, 493]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073078-0007-0000", "contents": "1955 Targa Florio, Report, Race\nMoss drove the only way that he knew how and won going away or in the words of Peter Collins \"despite Stirling's efforts and my own to write the machine off!\" Mercedes won the race and with it the sports car championship only to quit racing for the second time.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 31], "content_span": [32, 293]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073078-0008-0000", "contents": "1955 Targa Florio, Report, Race\nAs a result, car number 104 (Daimler-Benz AG), took an impressive victory, winning in a time of 9hrs 43.14 mins., averaging a speed of 59.832\u00a0mph. Second place went to Fangio and Kling, for the second race in a row, 4mins and 41 seconds adrift. The podium was complete by the Ferrari 857 S of Castellotti and Manzon, a further 5mins 25 behind. Meanwhile, the third Mercedes of Titterington and Fitch were fourth. Next home was the first of the Maserati\u2019s, in hand of Carlos Manzini and Francesco Giardini.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 31], "content_span": [32, 537]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073078-0009-0000", "contents": "1955 Targa Florio, Standings after the race\nChampionship points were awarded for the first six places in each race in the order of 8-6-4-3-2-1. Manufacturers were only awarded points for their highest finishing car with no points awarded for positions filled by additional cars. Only the best 4 results out of the 7 races could be retained by each manufacturer. Points earned but not counted towards the championship totals are listed within brackets in the above table.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 43], "content_span": [44, 470]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073079-0000-0000", "contents": "1955 Tasmanian state election\nThe 1955 Tasmanian state election was held on 19 February 1955  in the Australian state of Tasmania to elect 30 members of the Tasmanian House of Assembly. The election used the Hare-Clark proportional representation system \u2014 six members were elected from each of five electorates.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [29, 29], "content_span": [30, 311]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073079-0001-0000", "contents": "1955 Tasmanian state election\nThe incumbent Labor government, led by Robert Cosgrove, had been in office continuously since 1934, although had not held a majority since 1946. It was looking to win another term in minority government against the opposition Liberal Party, on this occasion led by Rex Townley.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [29, 29], "content_span": [30, 307]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073079-0002-0000", "contents": "1955 Tasmanian state election\nThe election resulted in a parliamentary deadlock, with both the Labor and Liberal parties winning 15 seats in the 30 seat assembly.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [29, 29], "content_span": [30, 162]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073079-0003-0000", "contents": "1955 Tasmanian state election\nThe 1955 election also saw the first women elected to the House of Assembly: Mabel Miller for Franklin and Amelia Best for Wilmot, both members of the Liberal Party.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [29, 29], "content_span": [30, 195]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073079-0004-0000", "contents": "1955 Tasmanian state election, Results\nTasmanian state election, 19 February 1955House of Assembly << 1950\u20131956 >>", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 38], "content_span": [39, 114]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073080-0000-0000", "contents": "1955 Ta\u00e7a de Portugal Final\nThe 1955 Ta\u00e7a de Portugal Final was the final match of the 1954\u201355 Ta\u00e7a de Portugal, the 15th season of the Ta\u00e7a de Portugal, the premier Portuguese football cup competition organized by the Portuguese Football Federation (FPF). The match was played on 12 June 1955 at the Est\u00e1dio Nacional in Oeiras, and opposed two Primeira Liga sides: Benfica and Sporting CP. Benfica defeated Sporting CP 2\u20131 to claim their eighth Ta\u00e7a de Portugal.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [27, 27], "content_span": [28, 463]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073081-0000-0000", "contents": "1955 Team Speedway Polish Championship\n1955 Team Speedway Polish Championship season was the eighth season and is used to determine the Team Polish Champion.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [38, 38], "content_span": [39, 157]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073081-0001-0000", "contents": "1955 Team Speedway Polish Championship, Rules\nIn First and Second League, matches were played with part two teams, with it playing it matches return. Teams were made up of six drivers plus two reserves. The score of heat: 3\u20132\u20131\u20130. Mecz consisted with 9 heats. For winning a game a team received 2 points, draw \u2013 1 point, loss \u2013 0 points. The drivers from main squad started in the match three times. The quantity of small points was added up.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 45], "content_span": [46, 442]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073082-0000-0000", "contents": "1955 Temple Owls football team\nThe 1955 Temple Owls football team was an American football team that represented Temple University as an independent during the 1955 college football season. In its first and only season under head coach Josh Cody, the team compiled a 0\u20138 record. Cody was Temple's athletic director (1952\u20131959) and basketball coach (1942\u20131952); he stepped in as head football coach for the 1955 season following the departure of the prior head coach, Albert Kawal. The team played its home games at Temple Stadium in Philadelphia.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [30, 30], "content_span": [31, 546]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073083-0000-0000", "contents": "1955 Tennessee A&I Tigers football team\nThe 1955 Tennessee A&I Tigers football team represented Tennessee Agricultural & Industrial State College as a member of the Midwest Athletic Association (MAA) during the 1955 college football season. In their first season under head coach Howard C. Gentry, the Tigers compiled a 7\u20132 record and outscored all opponents by a total of 245 to 84. Tennessee A&I was ranked No. 4 in the Pittsburgh Courier final rankings of black college football teams.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [39, 39], "content_span": [40, 488]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073084-0000-0000", "contents": "1955 Tennessee Volunteers football team\nThe 1955 Tennessee Volunteers (variously Tennessee, UT, or the Vols) represented the University of Tennessee in the 1955 college football season. Playing as a member of the Southeastern Conference (SEC), the team was led by head coach Bowden Wyatt, in his first year, and played their home games at Shields\u2013Watkins Field in Knoxville, Tennessee. They finished the season with a record of six wins, three losses and one tie (6\u20133\u20131 overall, 3\u20132\u20131 in the SEC).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [39, 39], "content_span": [40, 497]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073085-0000-0000", "contents": "1955 Texas A&M Aggies football team\nThe 1955 Texas A&M Aggies football team represented Texas A&M University in the 1955 college football season as a member of the Southwest Conference (SWC). The Aggies were led by head coach Bear Bryant in his second season and finished with a record of seven wins, two losses and one tie (7\u20132\u20131 overall, 4\u20131\u20131 in the SWC).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [35, 35], "content_span": [36, 358]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073086-0000-0000", "contents": "1955 Texas Longhorns football team\nThe 1955 Texas Longhorns football team represented the University of Texas at Austin during the 1955 college football season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [34, 34], "content_span": [35, 160]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073087-0000-0000", "contents": "1955 Texas Tech Red Raiders football team\nThe 1955 Texas Tech Red Raiders football team represented Texas Tech during the 1955 college football season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 41], "section_span": [41, 41], "content_span": [42, 151]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073088-0000-0000", "contents": "1955 Texas Western Miners football team\nThe 1955 Texas Western Miners football team was an American football team that represented Texas Western College (now known as University of Texas at El Paso) as a member of the Border Conference during the 1955 college football season. In its sixth season under head coach Mike Brumbelow, the team compiled a 6\u20132\u20132 record (3\u20132\u20131 against Border Conference opponents), finished fourth in the conference, and outscored all opponents by a total of 227 to 114.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [39, 39], "content_span": [40, 496]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073089-0000-0000", "contents": "1955 The Citadel Bulldogs football team\nThe 1955 The Citadel Bulldogs football team represented The Citadel, The Military College of South Carolina in the 1955 college football season. John Sauer served as head coach for the first season. The Bulldogs played as members of the Southern Conference and played home games at Johnson Hagood Stadium.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [39, 39], "content_span": [40, 345]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073090-0000-0000", "contents": "1955 Thomas Cup\nThe Thomas Cup competition is an international team tournament for supremacy in men's badminton (its female counterpart is the Uber Cup). Beginning in 1948-1949, it was held every three years until 1982 and has been held every two years thereafter. Twenty-one national teams officially entered the third Thomas Cup series in 1954-1955 but two of these, Belgium and Burma, defaulted their opening ties (team matches). Four qualifying zones were established: Asia, Australasia, Europe and Pan America.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 15], "section_span": [15, 15], "content_span": [16, 515]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073090-0000-0001", "contents": "1955 Thomas Cup\nWinners from each zone played-off in Singapore in late May and early June for the right to play Malaya which, as defending champion, was exempt until it met a challenger in a conclusive challenge round tie. For a more detailed description of the Thomas Cup format see Wikipedia's general article on the Thomas Cup.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 15], "section_span": [15, 15], "content_span": [16, 330]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073090-0001-0000", "contents": "1955 Thomas Cup, Intra-zone summary\nAs it had in the 1951-1952 series, India won the Asian zone, its toughest competition coming in its opening contest against an improving Thailand 6\u20133 . In Europe Denmark, now boasting nineteen-year-old prodigy Finn Kobbero, beat three opponents with the loss of only one individual match. In the Pan American zone the USA lost 4 of 5 singles matches to Canada but won the tie by sweeping the doubles. In the Australasian zone J. E. Robson's singles victories were not enough to keep his New Zealand team from falling to Australia 2\u20137.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 15], "section_span": [17, 35], "content_span": [36, 570]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073090-0002-0000", "contents": "1955 Thomas Cup, Inter-zone playoffs\nIn the inter-zone playoffs India avenged its 1952 loss to the USA by winning 4 of 5 singles matches and holding its own in doubles to defeat the Americans 6\u20133. Though Australia played some competitive matches against European power Denmark, it was unable to win any of them  (0\u20139). Young Kobbero was the star of the inter-zone final between Denmark and India. He won all four of his matches which included a fine three game duel with India's stylish Nandu Natekar, leading Denmark to a 6\u20133 victory. Thus Denmark emerged as the challenger to Cup-holder Malaya.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 15], "section_span": [17, 36], "content_span": [37, 596]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073090-0003-0000", "contents": "1955 Thomas Cup, Challenge round\nThe competitive swan song of Malaya's venerable Wong Peng Soon was successful though he dropped a game to both Kobbero and J\u00f8rn Skaarup. Eddie Choong, with two All-England singles titles already to his name, made his Thomas Cup debut by beating both Kobbero and Skaarup in straight games. Ong Poh Lim was once again stalwart, winning his match at third singles and both of his doubles partnered by veteran Ooi Teik Hock. The Danes could muster only one victory which came in doubles and largely from the efforts of Kobbero's partner Jorgen Hammergaard Hansen whose powerful smash lived up to his name. Winning 8 matches to 1, Malaya thus retained the Cup.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 15], "section_span": [17, 32], "content_span": [33, 688]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073091-0000-0000", "contents": "1955 Tipperary Senior Hurling Championship\nThe 1955 Tipperary Senior Hurling Championship was the 65th staging of the Tipperary Senior Hurling Championship since its establishment by the Tipperary County Board in 1887.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 42], "section_span": [42, 42], "content_span": [43, 218]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073091-0001-0000", "contents": "1955 Tipperary Senior Hurling Championship\nOn 2 October 1955, Thurles Sarsfields won the championship after a 4-10 to 0-06 defeat of Borris-Ileigh in the final at Thurles Sportsfield. It was their 18th championship title overall and their first title since 1952.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 42], "section_span": [42, 42], "content_span": [43, 262]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073092-0000-0000", "contents": "1955 Titleholders Championship\nThe 1955 Titleholders Championship was contested from March 10\u201313 at Augusta Country Club. It was the 16th edition of the Titleholders Championship.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [30, 30], "content_span": [31, 179]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073093-0000-0000", "contents": "1955 Toledo Rockets football team\nThe 1955 Toledo Rockets football team was an American football team that represented Toledo University in the Mid-American Conference (MAC) during the 1955 college football season. In their second and final season under head coach Forrest England, the Rockets compiled a 3\u20135\u20131 record (2\u20134 against MAC opponents), finished in fifth place in the MAC, and were outscored by their opponents by a combined total of 213 to 77.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [33, 33], "content_span": [34, 454]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073093-0001-0000", "contents": "1955 Toledo Rockets football team\nThe team's statistical leaders included Sam Tisci with 404 passing yards, Julius Taormina with 449 rushing yards, and Gene Cook with 230 receiving yards.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [33, 33], "content_span": [34, 187]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073094-0000-0000", "contents": "1955 Torneo God\u00f3\nThe 1955 Torneo God\u00f3 was the third edition of the Torneo God\u00f3 annual tennis tournament played on clay courts in Barcelona, Spain and it took place from May 10\u201315, 1955.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 16], "section_span": [16, 16], "content_span": [17, 185]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073094-0001-0000", "contents": "1955 Torneo God\u00f3, Draw, Earlier rounds, First round\nOnly three first round matches were played, the rest of the players received a bye into the second round.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 16], "section_span": [18, 51], "content_span": [52, 157]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073095-0000-0000", "contents": "1955 Torneo di Viareggio\nThe 1955 winners of the Torneo di Viareggio (in English, the Viareggio Tournament, officially the Viareggio Cup World Football Tournament Coppa Carnevale), the annual youth football tournament held in Viareggio, Tuscany, are listed below.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [24, 24], "content_span": [25, 263]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073095-0001-0000", "contents": "1955 Torneo di Viareggio, Format\nThe 16 teams are organized in knockout rounds, all played single tie.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 32], "content_span": [33, 102]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073096-0000-0000", "contents": "1955 Toronto Argonauts season\nThe 1955 Toronto Argonauts finished in third place in the Interprovincial Rugby Football Union with a 4\u20138 record. They appeared in the IRFU Final, but lost to the Montreal Alouettes.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [29, 29], "content_span": [30, 212]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073097-0000-0000", "contents": "1955 Toronto municipal election\nMunicipal elections were held in Toronto, Ontario, Canada, on December 5, 1955. Incumbent mayor Nathan Phillips, elected a year earlier, was easily reelected, defeating Controller Roy Belyea and Trotskyist Ross Dowson.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [31, 31], "content_span": [32, 250]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073097-0001-0000", "contents": "1955 Toronto municipal election\nTwo referendums were held with the elections. One, which passed, was to extend the municipal term to two years. Previously elections had been held every year. There was also a vote on funding a new Toronto City Hall, which was rejected by voters.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [31, 31], "content_span": [32, 278]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073097-0002-0000", "contents": "1955 Toronto municipal election, Toronto mayor\nNathan Phillips was opposed for reelection after his first year in office by Board of Control member Roy Belyea, who had been a staunch opponent of Phillips during the year. Also running was Trotskyist Ross Dowson.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 46], "content_span": [47, 261]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073097-0003-0000", "contents": "1955 Toronto municipal election, Plebiscites\nTwo questions appeared on the ballot. The first was on whether municipal terms of office should be extended to two years from one. The second was to authorize the construction of a proposed new city hall to replace the existing city hall, which had been built in 1899. The proposed structure, designed by a partnership of three leading Toronto architectural forms, would have been a  conservative, symmetrical limestone-clad building in the Modernist style facing a landscaped square, and was widely criticized as \"drab and boxy\".", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 44], "content_span": [45, 575]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073097-0004-0000", "contents": "1955 Toronto municipal election, Plebiscites\nTwo-year terms would be put in place effective the 1956 Toronto municipal election.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 44], "content_span": [45, 128]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073097-0005-0000", "contents": "1955 Toronto municipal election, Plebiscites\nSource: \"Mayoralty and Questions\" The Globe and Mail (1936-2016); Toronto, Ont. [ Toronto, Ont]06 Dec 1955: 5", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 44], "content_span": [45, 154]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073097-0006-0000", "contents": "1955 Toronto municipal election, Plebiscites\nAs a result of the rejection of the proposed structure, city council decided, in 1956, to hold an [international architectural design competition to find a better design. A proposal by Finnish architect Viljo Revell would be accepted. Construction of New City Hall began in 1961, and the building was officially opened in 1966.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 44], "content_span": [45, 372]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073097-0007-0000", "contents": "1955 Toronto municipal election, Board of Control\nThere were two vacancies on the Board of Control after Roy Belyea's decision to run for mayor and Controller David Balfour's decision to retire. The most senior two Controllers in terms of votes also sat on Metro Toronto Council.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 49], "content_span": [50, 279]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073097-0008-0000", "contents": "1955 Toronto municipal election, City council\nTwo aldermen were elected per Ward. The alderman with the most votes was declared Senior Alderman and sat on both Toronto City Council and Metro Council.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 45], "content_span": [46, 199]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073097-0009-0000", "contents": "1955 Toronto municipal election, City council\nResults are taken from the December 6, 1955 Toronto Star and might not exactly match final tallies.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 45], "content_span": [46, 145]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073097-0010-0000", "contents": "1955 Toronto municipal election, Suburbs\nEtobicoke, East York, Mimico, and Forest Hill elected their councils for two-year terms in 1954 and did not hold elections in 1955.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 40], "content_span": [41, 172]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073097-0011-0000", "contents": "1955 Toronto municipal election, Suburbs, Leaside\nHiscott defeated Councillor Joseph Bannigan to replace retiring mayor Howard Burrell", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 49], "content_span": [50, 134]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073097-0012-0000", "contents": "1955 Toronto municipal election, Suburbs, Leaside\nSource: \"Suburban elections\", The Globe and Mail (1936-2016); Toronto, Ont. [ Toronto, Ont]06 Dec 1955: 13", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 49], "content_span": [50, 156]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073097-0013-0000", "contents": "1955 Toronto municipal election, Suburbs, North York\nMcMahon was re-elected, defeating his challenger Deputy Reeve Maurice T. Hook.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 52], "content_span": [53, 131]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073097-0014-0000", "contents": "1955 Toronto municipal election, Suburbs, North York\nSource: \"Fred McMahon Is Re-elected N. York Reeve\", The Globe and Mail (1936-2016); Toronto, Ont. [ Toronto, Ont]06 Dec 1955: 13", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 52], "content_span": [53, 181]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073097-0015-0000", "contents": "1955 Toronto municipal election, Suburbs, Scarborough\nSource: \"Suburban elections\", The Globe and Mail (1936-2016); Toronto, Ont. [ Toronto, Ont]06 Dec 1955: 13", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 53], "content_span": [54, 160]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073097-0016-0000", "contents": "1955 Toronto municipal election, Suburbs, York\nSource: \"Few Brave Cold Rain To Vote in 3 Suburbs\",  Taylor, Ewart. The Globe and Mail (1936-2016); Toronto, Ont. [ Toronto, Ont]05 Dec 1955: 1", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 46], "content_span": [47, 190]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073098-0000-0000", "contents": "1955 Torquay by-election\nThe Torquay by-election of 15 December 1955 was held after the death of Conservative Member of Parliament (MP) Charles Williams:", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [24, 24], "content_span": [25, 153]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073098-0001-0000", "contents": "1955 Torquay by-election, Electoral history\nThe seat was safe, having been won by Williams at the 1955 general election with a majority of over 17,000 votes The seat had been Conservative since Williams gained the seat from the Liberals in 1924. At the 1955 general election, the Labour Party had come second, as it had done at every election since 1945.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 43], "content_span": [44, 354]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073099-0000-0000", "contents": "1955 Tour\nThe 1955 Tour was the second concert tour by British pop singer-songwriter Mika in support of his second studio album The Boy Who Knew Too Much. The tour spanned across North America and parts of Asia.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 9], "section_span": [9, 9], "content_span": [10, 211]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073099-0001-0000", "contents": "1955 Tour\nIn February 2010 Mika launched another tour, the Imaginarium Tour which started in Belfast, Northern Ireland and took him throughout Europe and back to Asia.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 9], "section_span": [9, 9], "content_span": [10, 167]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073099-0002-0000", "contents": "1955 Tour, Background\nMika announced the official name of his tour on 4 October 2009 while in rehearsals for the North American leg. The tour would had an outer space theme.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 9], "section_span": [11, 21], "content_span": [22, 173]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073099-0003-0000", "contents": "1955 Tour, Background\nThe idea behind this tour was that a civilian went into space where something went wrong, so he became lost. When the show started, attendees learned that the civilian-turned-astronaut lost in space was Mika.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 9], "section_span": [11, 21], "content_span": [22, 230]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073099-0004-0000", "contents": "1955 Tour, Background\nIan McKellen acted as the narrator shown on film at the beginning of the show.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 9], "section_span": [11, 21], "content_span": [22, 100]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073100-0000-0000", "contents": "1955 Tour de France\nThe 1955 Tour de France was the 42nd edition of the Tour de France, taking place from 7 to 30 July. It consisted of 22 stages over 4,495\u00a0km (2,793\u00a0mi). The race was won by Louison Bobet, the last of his three consecutive wins.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [19, 19], "content_span": [20, 246]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073100-0001-0000", "contents": "1955 Tour de France, Teams\nAs was the custom since the 1930 Tour de France, the 1955 Tour de France was contested by national and regional teams. Eight national teams were sent, with 10 cyclists each from France, Belgium, Spain, Great Britain, the Netherlands, Italy, Switzerland, and a mixed team consisting of Luxembourgian, Austrian, West German and Australian cyclists. France additionally sent five regional teams from 10 cyclists each, divided into \u00cele-de-France, North-East/Centre, West, South-East and South-West. In total, 120 cyclists started the race. The mixed team included cyclists from West-Germany, which was the first time since the Second World War that German cyclists rode the Tour. The Great Britain team was the first British team in Tour history.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [21, 26], "content_span": [27, 769]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073100-0002-0000", "contents": "1955 Tour de France, Pre-race favourites\nLouison Bobet, the winner of the 1953 Tour de France and the 1954 Tour de France, had done an aggressive preparation in the early season before the Tour de France, aiming for his third victory. Bobet was the main favourite, also because he was the world champion.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [21, 40], "content_span": [41, 304]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073100-0003-0000", "contents": "1955 Tour de France, Route and stages\nThe 1955 Tour de France started on 7 July, and had two rest days, in Monaco and Ax-les-Thermes. The 1955 Tour saw the introduction of the photo finish. The highest point of elevation in the race was 2,556\u00a0m (8,386\u00a0ft) at the summit tunnel of the Col du Galibier mountain pass on stage 8.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [21, 37], "content_span": [38, 325]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073100-0004-0000", "contents": "1955 Tour de France, Race overview\nThe first part of the first stage was won by Miguel Poblet, who became the first Spanish cyclist to wear the yellow jersey as leader of the general classification. The second and third stage saw small groups escaping from the peloton. In both stages, Wout Wagtmans and Antonin Rolland, one of Bobet's teammates, were present. Wagtmans became leader of the general classification, with Rolland in second place.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [21, 34], "content_span": [35, 444]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073100-0005-0000", "contents": "1955 Tour de France, Race overview\nThe first attack that was important for the general classification was in the fourth stage. Rolland was part of a group of nine cyclists that finished seven minutes before the rest. Rolland was the best-placed cyclist of those nine, and took the lead.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [21, 34], "content_span": [35, 286]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073100-0006-0000", "contents": "1955 Tour de France, Race overview\nIn the seventh stage, Rolland briefly lost that lead, because a group including Wim van Est escaped and gained more than seventeen minutes, which was just enough for Van Est to take over the lead. Van Est was sure to lose it in the next stage, which included high mountains.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [21, 34], "content_span": [35, 309]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073100-0007-0000", "contents": "1955 Tour de France, Race overview\nIn that eighth stage, Charly Gaul attacked early in the stage. Gaul was more than 23 minutes behind in the general classification, but got over the mountains quickly and won with 13 minutes, which put him in third place.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [21, 34], "content_span": [35, 255]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073100-0008-0000", "contents": "1955 Tour de France, Race overview\nIn the ninth stage, Gaul tried to do the same again, and got over the first three mountains alone. But because of a crash on the second mountain he lost time, and did not win the stage; instead he even lost a few minutes. During the eleventh stage, French cyclist Jean Mall\u00e9jac collapsed and remained unconscious for 15 minutes. The Tour doctor who helped recognised that Mall\u00e9jac's symptoms were identical to an amphetamine overdose, and told the team doctors to be more careful with doping. In that stage, Bobet got away on Mont Ventoux and nobody was able to follow him. He reached the top alone, and from there descended to the finish, 6 minutes ahead of Rolland, who was still the race leader. Bobet jumped to second place in the general classification.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [21, 34], "content_span": [35, 793]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073100-0009-0000", "contents": "1955 Tour de France, Race overview\nThe next challenge for the general classification were the Pyr\u00e9nees mountains. In stage 17, Gaul made the pace, and most cyclists could not follow. Bobet could hold on for a long time, but at the finish lost 84 seconds to Gaul. Because Rolland lost more than seven minutes, Bobet took the lead.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [21, 34], "content_span": [35, 329]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073100-0010-0000", "contents": "1955 Tour de France, Race overview\nIn the eighteenth stage, it was again Gaul who attacked. This time, a small group including Bobet could follow him all the way. Rolland finished two minutes later, but was still in second place in the general classification. The time trial in the 21st stage was won by Jean Brankart, who jumped to second place in the general classification. Rolland lost more than nine minutes, and dropped to the fifth place in the general classification.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [21, 34], "content_span": [35, 475]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073100-0011-0000", "contents": "1955 Tour de France, Race overview\nBobet remained the leader, and his lead was not challenged in the last stage. Bobet became the first person in the Tour de France to win three Tours in a row.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [21, 34], "content_span": [35, 193]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073100-0012-0000", "contents": "1955 Tour de France, Classification leadership and minor prizes\nThe time that each cyclist required to finish each stage was recorded, and these times were added together for the general classification. If a cyclist had received a time bonus, it was subtracted from this total; all time penalties were added to this total. The cyclist with the least accumulated time was the race leader, identified by the yellow jersey.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [21, 63], "content_span": [64, 420]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073100-0013-0000", "contents": "1955 Tour de France, Classification leadership and minor prizes\nThe points classification was calculated in the same way as in 1954, following the calculation method from the Tours de France from 1905 to 1912. Points were given according to the ranking of the stage: the winner received one points, the next cyclist two points, and so on. These points were added, and the cyclist with the fewest points was the leader of the points classification. In 1955, this was won by Stan Ockers.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [21, 63], "content_span": [64, 485]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073100-0014-0000", "contents": "1955 Tour de France, Classification leadership and minor prizes\nPoints for the mountains classification were earned by reaching the mountain tops first. The system was almost the same as in 1954: there were two types of mountain tops: the hardest ones, in category 1, gave 10 points to the first cyclist, the easier ones, in category 2, gave 6 points to the first cyclist, and the easiest ones, in category 3, gave 3 points. Charly Gaul won this classification.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [21, 63], "content_span": [64, 461]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073100-0015-0000", "contents": "1955 Tour de France, Classification leadership and minor prizes\nThe team classification was calculated as the sum of the daily team classifications, and the daily team classification was calculated by adding the times in the stage result of the best three cyclists per team. It was won by the French team. The British team and the regional South West team finished with only two cyclists, so they were not eligible for the team classification.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [21, 63], "content_span": [64, 443]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073100-0016-0000", "contents": "1955 Tour de France, Classification leadership and minor prizes\nIn addition, there was a combativity award given after each stage to the cyclist considered most combative. The split stages each had a combined winner. The decision was made by a jury composed of journalists who gave points. The cyclist with the most points from votes in all stages led the combativity classification. Gaul won this classification, and was given overall the super-combativity award. The Souvenir Henri Desgrange was given in honour of Tour founder Henri Desgrange to the first rider to pass a point by his final residence, the \"Villa Mia\" in Beauvallon, Grimaud, on the French Riviera on stage 10. This prize was won by Andr\u00e9 Darrigade.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [21, 63], "content_span": [64, 718]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073101-0000-0000", "contents": "1955 Tour de Hongrie\nThe 1955 Tour de Hongrie was the 16th edition of the Tour de Hongrie cycle race and was held from 13 to 17 September 1955. The race started and finished in Budapest. The race was won by Gy\u0151z\u0151 T\u00f6r\u00f6k.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [20, 20], "content_span": [21, 219]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073102-0000-0000", "contents": "1955 Tour de Romandie\nThe 1955 Tour de Romandie was the ninth edition of the Tour de Romandie cycle race and was held from 5 May to 8 May 1955. The race started and finished in Monthey. The race was won by Ren\u00e9 Strehler.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [21, 21], "content_span": [22, 220]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073103-0000-0000", "contents": "1955 Tour de Suisse\nThe 1955 Tour de Suisse was the 19th edition of the Tour de Suisse cycle race and was held from 11 June to 18 June 1955. The race started and finished in Z\u00fcrich. The race was won by Hugo Koblet.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [19, 19], "content_span": [20, 214]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073104-0000-0000", "contents": "1955 Tour of Flanders\nThe 39th running of the Tour of Flanders cycling classic was held on Sunday, 27 March 1955. French rider Louison Bobet won the race in a three-man sprint with Hugo Koblet and Rik Van Steenbergen. 47 of 203 riders finished.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [21, 21], "content_span": [22, 244]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073104-0001-0000", "contents": "1955 Tour of Flanders, Race Report\nRik Van Steenbergen was in an early breakaway with 12 riders and was first on the Kluisberg and Kruisberg. In Geraardsbergen, just after the peloton caught the group, Van Steenbergen, Louison Bobet, Bernard Gauthier and Hugo Koblet broke away on the steep Kloosterstraat. Gauthier did most of the work in the four-man group for his team leader Bobet. Van Steenbergen, favourite to win in the sprint, paid his earlier efforts and was beaten by Bobet and Koblet. Louison Bobet, a three-time winner of the Tour de France, secured the first ever victory for a French rider in the Tour of Flanders.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [23, 34], "content_span": [35, 628]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073104-0002-0000", "contents": "1955 Tour of Flanders, Route\nThe race started in Ghent and finished in Wetteren \u2013 totaling 263 km. The course featured four categorized climbs:", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [23, 28], "content_span": [29, 143]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073105-0000-0000", "contents": "1955 Tulane Green Wave football team\nThe 1955 Tulane Green Wave football team was an American football team that represented Tulane University during the 1955 college football season as a member of the Southeastern Conference. In their second year under head coach Andy Pilney, the team compiled a 5\u20134\u20131 record.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [36, 36], "content_span": [37, 311]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073106-0000-0000", "contents": "1955 Tulsa Golden Hurricane football team\nThe 1955 Tulsa Golden Hurricane football team represented the University of Tulsa during the 1955 college football season. In their first year under head coach Bobby Dobbs, the Golden Hurricane compiled a 2\u20137\u20131 record, 1\u20133 against Missouri Valley Conference opponents, and finished in a tie for last place in the conference.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 41], "section_span": [41, 41], "content_span": [42, 366]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073107-0000-0000", "contents": "1955 Twickenham by-election\nThe Twickenham by-election, 1955 was a parliamentary by-election held on 25 January 1955 for the British House of Commons constituency of Twickenham in Middlesex.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [27, 27], "content_span": [28, 190]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073107-0001-0000", "contents": "1955 Twickenham by-election\nThe seat had become vacant when the constituency's Conservative Member of Parliament (MP), Sir Edward Keeling, had died on 23 November 1954. He had held the seat since the 1935 general election.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [27, 27], "content_span": [28, 222]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073107-0002-0000", "contents": "1955 Twickenham by-election\nThe result was a comfortable victory for the Conservative candidate Gresham Cooke, who held the seat until his death shortly before the 1970 general election.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [27, 27], "content_span": [28, 186]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073108-0000-0000", "contents": "1955 U.S. National Championships (tennis)\nThe 1955 U.S. National Championships (now known as the US Open) was a tennis tournament that took place on the outdoor grass courts at the West Side Tennis Club, Forest Hills in New York City, United States. The tournament ran from 2 September until 11 September. It was the 75th staging of the U.S. National Championships, and the fourth Grand Slam tennis event of the year.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 41], "section_span": [41, 41], "content_span": [42, 417]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073108-0001-0000", "contents": "1955 U.S. National Championships (tennis), Finals, Men's Singles\nTony Trabert (USA) defeated  Ken Rosewall (AUS) 9\u20137, 6\u20133, 6\u20133", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 41], "section_span": [43, 64], "content_span": [65, 126]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073108-0002-0000", "contents": "1955 U.S. National Championships (tennis), Finals, Men's doubles\nKosei Kamo (JPN) /  Atsushi Miyagi (JPN) defeated  Gerald Moss (USA) /  Bill Quillian (USA) 6\u20132, 6\u20133, 3\u20136, 1\u20136, 6\u20134", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 41], "section_span": [43, 64], "content_span": [65, 180]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073108-0003-0000", "contents": "1955 U.S. National Championships (tennis), Finals, Women's doubles\nLouise Brough (USA) /  Margaret Osborne duPont (USA) defeated  Shirley Fry (USA) /  Doris Hart (USA) 6\u20133, 1\u20136, 6\u20133", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 41], "section_span": [43, 66], "content_span": [67, 181]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073108-0004-0000", "contents": "1955 U.S. National Championships (tennis), Finals, Mixed doubles\nDoris Hart (USA) /  Vic Seixas (USA) defeated  Shirley Fry (USA) /  Gardnar Mulloy (USA) 7\u20135, 5\u20137, 6\u20132", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 41], "section_span": [43, 64], "content_span": [65, 167]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073109-0000-0000", "contents": "1955 U.S. National Championships \u2013 Men's Singles\nTony Trabert defeated Ken Rosewall 9\u20137, 6\u20133, 6\u20133 in the final to win the Men's Singles tennis title at the 1955 U.S. National Championships.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 48], "section_span": [48, 48], "content_span": [49, 189]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073109-0001-0000", "contents": "1955 U.S. National Championships \u2013 Men's Singles, Seeds\nThe tournament used two lists of eight players for seeding the men's singles event; one for U.S. players and one for foreign players. Tony Trabert is the champion; others show the round in which they were eliminated.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 48], "section_span": [50, 55], "content_span": [56, 272]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073110-0000-0000", "contents": "1955 U.S. National Championships \u2013 Women's Singles\nFirst-seeded Doris Hart defeated unseeded Patricia Ward 6\u20134, 6\u20132 in the final to win the Women's Singles tennis title at the 1955 U.S. National Championships.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 50], "section_span": [50, 50], "content_span": [51, 209]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073110-0001-0000", "contents": "1955 U.S. National Championships \u2013 Women's Singles, Seeds\nThe seeded players are listed below. Doris Hart is the champion; others show in brackets the round in which they were eliminated.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 50], "section_span": [52, 57], "content_span": [58, 187]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073111-0000-0000", "contents": "1955 U.S. Open (golf)\nThe 1955 U.S. Open was the 55th U.S. Open, held June 16\u201319 at the Lake Course of the Olympic Club in San Francisco, California. In one of the greatest upsets in golf history, Jack Fleck, a municipal course pro from Iowa, prevailed in an 18-hole playoff to win his only major title and denied Ben Hogan a record fifth U.S. Open.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [21, 21], "content_span": [22, 349]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073111-0001-0000", "contents": "1955 U.S. Open (golf)\nFleck, 32, won two more titles on the PGA Tour and later won the Senior PGA Championship in 1979. He won the U.S. Open with clubs manufactured by Hogan's company.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [21, 21], "content_span": [22, 184]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073111-0002-0000", "contents": "1955 U.S. Open (golf)\nHogan, 42, never did win his fifth U.S. Open or a tenth major; he won just one more tour event the rest of his career, in 1959. It was his fourth and final playoff in a major championship, all at 18 holes. Hogan won at the U.S. Open in 1950 but lost twice by a stroke at the Masters, to Byron Nelson in 1942 and Sam Snead in 1954. He repeated as runner-up at the U.S. Open in 1956, and had top ten finishes in 1958, 1959, and 1960. (A pre-tournament favorite in 1957, he withdrew due to a back ailment before teeing off.) When the U.S. Open returned to Olympic in 1966, Hogan finished twelfth at age 53 and received a standing ovation at the 72nd green.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [21, 21], "content_span": [22, 675]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073111-0003-0000", "contents": "1955 U.S. Open (golf)\nByron Nelson came out of semi-retirement to play in his final U.S. Open and finished in 28th place. Arnold Palmer made the cut for the first time at the U.S. Open and finished in 21st. For the first time since 1919, Gene Sarazen did not play in the U.S. Open, ending a streak of 31 consecutive appearances.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [21, 21], "content_span": [22, 328]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073111-0004-0000", "contents": "1955 U.S. Open (golf)\nThis was the first U.S. Open at the Lake Course of the Olympic Club; it returned in 1966, 1987, 1998, and 2012.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [21, 21], "content_span": [22, 133]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073111-0005-0000", "contents": "1955 U.S. Open (golf), Round summaries, Final round\nAfter Hogan made par on the 72nd hole to post a 287 total, most observers believed that he had already locked up the championship. Gene Sarazen, providing television commentary, congratulated him on the win and the NBC broadcast went off the air after proclaiming Hogan the champion. Fleck, however, was only a stroke behind playing the 14th. A bogey there, however, dropped him to two back. Fleck then made birdie on 15 and pars at 16 and 17, after a 50-foot (15\u00a0m) birdie attempt lipped out. Needing a birdie on 18 to tie Hogan, Fleck played his approach from the edge of the rough to 8 feet (2.4\u00a0m), then knocked in the putt for a 67 and forced an 18-hole playoff on Sunday.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [23, 51], "content_span": [52, 729]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073111-0006-0000", "contents": "1955 U.S. Open (golf), Round summaries, Playoff\nDespite overwhelming odds against him, Fleck held a two-stroke lead over Hogan at the turn. After a third consecutive birdie at 10, Fleck's lead was three. But after a bogey at 17, the lead had dropped to just a single stroke on the 18th tee. Hogan hooked his drive into the very deep rough and took three strokes to get on the fairway: he made a 25-foot (8\u00a0m) putt to save double-bogey, but Fleck's regulation par sealed the upset by three strokes, 69 to 72.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [23, 47], "content_span": [48, 507]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073112-0000-0000", "contents": "1955 U.S. Women's Open\nThe 1955 U.S. Women's Open was the tenth U.S. Women's Open, held from June 30 to July 2 at Wichita Country Club in Wichita, Kansas. It was the third conducted by the United States Golf Association (USGA).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [22, 22], "content_span": [23, 227]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073112-0001-0000", "contents": "1955 U.S. Women's Open\nFay Crocker led wire-to-wire and won the first of her two major championships, four strokes ahead of runners-up Mary Lena Faulk and Louise Suggs. From Uruguay, Crocker was the first international winner of the U.S. Women's Open. She posted a 72 in the second round on Friday in difficult blustery conditions, with winds of 40\u00a0mph (64\u00a0km/h), and had an eight shot lead after 36 holes. A 79 (+7) in the wind in the third round on Saturday morning reduced it to a single stroke over Faulk, with Suggs another two strokes back.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [22, 22], "content_span": [23, 546]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073112-0002-0000", "contents": "1955 U.S. Women's Open\nDefending champion Babe Zaharias did not compete due to back surgery; she also missed the 1953 edition due to colon cancer surgery and died in 1956.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [22, 22], "content_span": [23, 171]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073112-0003-0000", "contents": "1955 U.S. Women's Open\nThis was the second U.S. Women's Open played in Wichita; the first in 1950 was at Rolling Hills Country Club.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [22, 22], "content_span": [23, 132]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073113-0000-0000", "contents": "1955 UC Riverside Highlanders football team\nThe 1955 UC Riverside Highlanders football team represented UC Riverside during the 1955 college football season. The Highlanders competed as an independent in 1955, which was their first season of intercollegiate football.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 43], "section_span": [43, 43], "content_span": [44, 267]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073113-0001-0000", "contents": "1955 UC Riverside Highlanders football team\nUC Riverside was led by head coach Rod Franz, in his first and only year at the helm. They played home games at Wheelock Field in Riverside, California. The Highlanders finished the season with a record of one win, three losses and one tie (1\u20133\u20131). Overall, the team was outscored by its opponents 68\u2013127 for the season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 43], "section_span": [43, 43], "content_span": [44, 364]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073113-0002-0000", "contents": "1955 UC Riverside Highlanders football team, Team players in the NFL\nNo UC Riverside players were selected in the 1956 NFL Draft.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 43], "section_span": [45, 68], "content_span": [69, 129]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073114-0000-0000", "contents": "1955 UCI Road World Championships\nThe 1955 UCI Road World Championships took place in Frascati, Italy.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [33, 33], "content_span": [34, 102]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073115-0000-0000", "contents": "1955 UCI Road World Championships \u2013 Men's road race\nThe men's road race at the 1955 UCI Road World Championships was the 22nd edition of the event. The race took place on Sunday 28 August 1955 in Frascati, Italy. The race was won by Stan Ockers of Belgium.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 51], "section_span": [51, 51], "content_span": [52, 256]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073116-0000-0000", "contents": "1955 UCI Track Cycling World Championships\nThe 1955 UCI Track Cycling World Championships were the World Championship for track cycling. They took place in Milan, Italy from 31 August to 5 September 1955. Five events for men were contested, three for professionals and two for amateurs.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 42], "section_span": [42, 42], "content_span": [43, 286]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073117-0000-0000", "contents": "1955 UCLA Bruins football team\nThe 1955 UCLA Bruins football team was an American football team that represented the University of California, Los Angeles during the 1955 college football season. In their seventh year under head coach Red Sanders, the Bruins compiled a 9\u20132 record (6\u20130 conference) and finished in first place in the Pacific Coast Conference.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [30, 30], "content_span": [31, 358]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073117-0001-0000", "contents": "1955 UCLA Bruins football team\nThe November 12 game against Washington was referenced in the 1989 film, Back to the Future Part II; The older Biff Tannen traveled back in time to give his younger self a sports almanac, and he referenced this game to verify its accuracy.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [30, 30], "content_span": [31, 270]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073118-0000-0000", "contents": "1955 UEFA European Under-18 Championship\nThe UEFA European Under-18 Championship 1955 Final Tournament was held in Italy. During this edition, only group matches were played and no winner was declared. This was done to prevent an excess of competition. Romania, Italy, Bulgaria, Hungary and Czechoslovakia were the five group winners.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [40, 40], "content_span": [41, 334]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073119-0000-0000", "contents": "1955 UK & Ireland Greyhound Racing Year\nThe 1955 UK & Ireland Greyhound Racing Year was the 30th year of greyhound racing in the United Kingdom and Ireland.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [39, 39], "content_span": [40, 156]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073119-0001-0000", "contents": "1955 UK & Ireland Greyhound Racing Year, Summary\nSpanish Battleship became the greatest greyhound in Irish history by securing a third consecutive Irish Greyhound Derby title. No other greyhound had managed to win more than one Irish Derby previously. Before retiring, he broke the track record at Cork during his Laurels victory and won another McCalmont Cup title. His connections turned down a \u00a315,000 bid from a London syndicate. Rushton Mac defeated the versatile and hot favourite Barrowside in the English Greyhound Derby final.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 48], "content_span": [49, 535]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073119-0002-0000", "contents": "1955 UK & Ireland Greyhound Racing Year, Competitions\nBarrowside dominated the Grand National at White City, the red fawn dog claimed a five length victory at odds of 1-3 in a track record time of 29.43. The Gold Collar at Catford Stadium was won by Firgrove Slipper, a competition that featured 1953 English Greyhound Derby champion Daws Dancer.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 53], "content_span": [54, 346]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073119-0003-0000", "contents": "1955 UK & Ireland Greyhound Racing Year, Competitions\nThe new Derby champion Rushton Mac won the Welsh Greyhound Derby at Cardiff Arms Park, winning the final by nine lengths, flattering because the race turned into chaos as three runners fell. Derby finalists Gulf of Honduras and Coolkill Chieftain finished second and third respectively. The Scottish Greyhound Derby was cancelled again, denying Rushton Mac the opportunity to win the Triple Crown. He had won the Scottish event in 1954 to hold all three titles at the same time but had not won all three during the same year.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 53], "content_span": [54, 579]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073119-0004-0000", "contents": "1955 UK & Ireland Greyhound Racing Year, Competitions\nRushton Mac completed a successful year by defending his Northern Flat and Edinburgh Cup titles. Duet Leader also had a great year winning the Laurels at Wimbledon Stadium, the Pall Mall Stakes, Select Stakes and Grand Prix at Walthamstow Stadium.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 53], "content_span": [54, 301]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073119-0005-0000", "contents": "1955 UK & Ireland Greyhound Racing Year, Competitions\nLizette won the Oaks, two years after her first triumph and her half brother Gulf of Darien won the Cesarewitch.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 53], "content_span": [54, 166]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073119-0006-0000", "contents": "1955 UK & Ireland Greyhound Racing Year, News\nWandsworth Stadium hurdle grader, Moyshna Queen starred alongside Frankie Howerd in a film called Jumping for Joy. The bitch was called Lindy Lou in the film.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 45], "content_span": [46, 204]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073119-0007-0000", "contents": "1955 UK & Ireland Greyhound Racing Year, News\nIn November the Greyhound Racing Association (GRA) applied for a special licence to allow Spanish Battleship to line up against two of England's leading greyhounds, Duet Leader and Hi There, in a triangular match race. The match saw the GRA put up \u00a3120, in addition to the three owners adding 125 guineas; Spanish Battleship (Tim O'Connor), Duet Leader (Mrs Frances Chandler) and Hi There (Jack McAllister). Home Straight stood as reserve. The legendary Irish hound Spanish Battleship travelled to England for the first time with White City as his destination but age and the travelling had caught up with him, because home track advantage proved decisive and he trailed in third. Tom Lynch and Tim O'Connor retired him to stud.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 45], "content_span": [46, 774]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073120-0000-0000", "contents": "1955 UMass Redmen football team\nThe 1955 UMass Redmen football team represented the University of Massachusetts Amherst in the 1955 college football season as a member of the Yankee Conference. The team was coached by Charlie O'Rourke and played its home games at Alumni Field in Amherst, Massachusetts. UMass finished the season with a record of 4\u20134 overall and 1\u20133 in conference play.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [31, 31], "content_span": [32, 386]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073121-0000-0000", "contents": "1955 USC Trojans baseball team\nThe 1955 USC Trojans baseball team represented the University of Southern California in the 1955 NCAA baseball season. The Trojans played their home games at Bovard Field. The team was coached by Rod Dedeaux in his 14th year at USC.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [30, 30], "content_span": [31, 263]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073121-0001-0000", "contents": "1955 USC Trojans baseball team\nThe Trojans won the California Intercollegiate Baseball Association championship, the Pacific Coast Conference Tournament and the District VIII Playoff to advance to the College World Series, where they were defeated by the Colgate Red Raiders.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [30, 30], "content_span": [31, 275]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073122-0000-0000", "contents": "1955 USC Trojans football team\nThe 1955 USC Trojans football team represented the University of Southern California (USC) in the 1955 college football season. In their fifth year under head coach Jess Hill, the Trojans compiled a 6\u20134 record (3\u20133 against conference opponents), finished in sixth place in the Pacific Coast Conference, and outscored their opponents by a combined total of 265 to 158. Attendance at seven home games was 464,104, an average of 66,300. Attendance at all 10 games was 615,196.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [30, 30], "content_span": [31, 504]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073122-0001-0000", "contents": "1955 USC Trojans football team\nJim Contratto led the team in passing with 22 of 55 passes completed for 406 yards, five touchdowns and five interceptions. Jon Arnett led the team in rushing with 141 carries for 672 yards and 11 touchdowns. Arnett was also the team's leading punt returners with 16 returns and an average of 17.6 yards per return, including one returned for a touchdown. With three touchdown catches, Arnett also led the team with 15 touchdowns and 105 points scored. Leon Clarke was the leading receiver with 15 catches for 215 yards and two touchdowns.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [30, 30], "content_span": [31, 570]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073122-0002-0000", "contents": "1955 USC Trojans football team\nTwo Trojans received first-team honors from the Associated Press on the 1955 All-Pacific Coast Conference football team: back Jon Arnett and guard Orlando Ferrante. Arnett was also a two-time recipient of the W. J. Voit Memorial Trophy as the outstanding football player on the Pacific Coast, winning the award in both 1954 and 1955. He was inducted into the USC Athletic Hall of Fame in 1994 and the College Football Hall of Fame in 2001.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [30, 30], "content_span": [31, 470]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073122-0003-0000", "contents": "1955 USC Trojans football team, Players\nThe following players were members of the 1955 USC football team.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 39], "content_span": [40, 105]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073123-0000-0000", "contents": "1955 USSR Chess Championship\nThe 1955 Soviet Chess Championship was the 22nd edition of USSR Chess Championship. Held from 11 February to 15 March 1955 in Moscow. The tournament was won by Efim Geller who defeats Smyslov in a play-off match (4-3). The final were preceded semifinals events at Leningrad, Gorky and Yerevan. It was the worst USSR Chess Championship of Korchnoi's career, despite having fought in each game, all showing the high level of the competition.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [28, 28], "content_span": [29, 468]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073124-0000-0000", "contents": "1955 Ulster Grand Prix\nThe 1955 Ulster Grand Prix was the seventh round of the 1955 Grand Prix motorcycle racing season. It took place on 11\u201313 August 1955 at the Dundrod Circuit.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [22, 22], "content_span": [23, 179]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073125-0000-0000", "contents": "1955 United Kingdom general election\nThe 1955 United Kingdom general election was held on Thursday 26 May 1955, four years after the previous general election in 1951. It was a snap election: After Winston Churchill retired in April 1955, Anthony Eden took over and immediately called the election in order to gain a mandate for his government. It resulted in a majority of 60 seats for the government under new leader and Prime Minister Anthony Eden; the result remains the largest party share of the vote at a post-war general election. This was the first general election to be held with Elizabeth II as monarch, having succeeded her father George VI a year after the previous election.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [36, 36], "content_span": [37, 689]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073125-0001-0000", "contents": "1955 United Kingdom general election\nThe 1955 general election remains the most recent occasion that the Conservative Party won the most seats in Scotland, also winning a majority of the popular vote in that country. No party has since won a majority of the votes there, though the Scottish National Party came very close in 2015. This was also the last time the Conservatives did better in Scotland than in the United Kingdom as a whole.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [36, 36], "content_span": [37, 438]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073125-0002-0000", "contents": "1955 United Kingdom general election, Results\nThe election was fought on new boundaries, with five seats added to the 625 fought in 1951. On election day, the Daily Mirror had printed the front-page headline \"Don't Let the Tories Cheat Our Children\", urging its readers to elect Labour on the basis that it had \"built a better Britain for us all\" (Daily Mirror 2012).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 45], "content_span": [46, 367]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073125-0003-0000", "contents": "1955 United Kingdom general election, Results\nThe BBC later described the election as one of the \"dullest\" after World War II. The Daily Express wrote that the British people were more interested in Princess Margaret's romance with Peter Townsend. The Labour Party, then in its twentieth year of leadership under Clement Attlee, steadily lost ground owing to infighting between the left-wing (Bevanites) and the right-wing (Gaitskellites), resulting in an unclear election message. It was the fifth and last general election fought by Labour leader Clement Attlee, who by this time was 72 years old.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 45], "content_span": [46, 599]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073125-0003-0001", "contents": "1955 United Kingdom general election, Results\nEden had only become Leader of the Conservative Party a few weeks before the election, after the retirement of former Prime Minister Winston Churchill, but he had long been considered the heir apparent to the Conservative leadership. The Conservatives were hoping to take advantage of the end of food rationing and the positive atmosphere created by the coronation of Queen Elizabeth II in 1953. Eden himself was telegenic (although not as great a public speaker as Churchill) and gradual economic growth benefited the party greatly.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 45], "content_span": [46, 579]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073125-0004-0000", "contents": "1955 United Kingdom general election, Results\nThe result showed very little change from 1951, with fewer than 25 seats changing hands and only a small swing from Labour to the Conservatives. The only real highlight of the night was in Northern Ireland, where Sinn F\u00e9in won two seats at a UK election for the first time since 1918 (before the partition of Ireland).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 45], "content_span": [46, 364]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073125-0005-0000", "contents": "1955 United Kingdom general election, Results\nThe Labour Party suffered at this time from deep internal divisions, yet for it this election was not the disaster it could have been.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 45], "content_span": [46, 180]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073125-0006-0000", "contents": "1955 United Kingdom general election, Results\nAlthough little changed, this was a strong victory for the Conservatives, who won the largest share of the vote for a single party at a post-war general election.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 45], "content_span": [46, 208]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073125-0007-0000", "contents": "1955 United Kingdom general election, Results\nThe Liberal Party had yet another poor performance, only slightly improving their popular vote total from the previous election, and again winning just six seats. Five of their six seats did not have Conservative challengers, as per local-level agreements to avoid vote-splitting which likely would have thrown the seats to Labour; the only Liberal candidate to be victorious against both Conservative and Labour challengers was Orkney and Shetland MP Jo Grimond, who was first elected in 1950. The poor national showing was widely viewed as the death knell for the embattled leadership of Clement Davies, who resigned the following year and was replaced by Grimond.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 45], "content_span": [46, 712]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073125-0008-0000", "contents": "1955 United Kingdom general election, Results\nFuture Labour leader Michael Foot lost his seat of Plymouth Devonport at this election; he returned for Ebbw Vale at a 1960 by-election.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 45], "content_span": [46, 182]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073125-0009-0000", "contents": "1955 United Kingdom general election, Results\nFor the first time, television took a prominent role in the campaign; this is the earliest UK general election of which television coverage survives (the 1950 and 1951 election nights were broadcast on television live, but the footage was not recorded). Only three hours of the coverage, presented by Richard Dimbleby, was kept; this was rebroadcast on BBC Parliament on the fiftieth and sixtieth anniversaries of the date of the election.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 45], "content_span": [46, 485]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073126-0000-0000", "contents": "1955 United Kingdom general election in Northern Ireland\nThe 1955 United Kingdom general election in Northern Ireland was held on 26 May as part of the wider general election with 12 MPs elected in single-seat constituencies using first-past-the-post.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 56], "section_span": [56, 56], "content_span": [57, 251]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073126-0001-0000", "contents": "1955 United Kingdom general election in Northern Ireland, Results\nThis was the first election to the House of Commons of the United Kingdom since the creation of Northern Ireland in 1921 where all constituencies in the region were contested", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 56], "section_span": [58, 65], "content_span": [66, 240]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073126-0002-0000", "contents": "1955 United Kingdom general election in Northern Ireland, Results\nThe Ulster Unionists regained the seat which they had lost to Jack Beattie from the Irish Labour Party. The nationalist interest was represented by Sinn F\u00e9in who gained the two seats previously held by the Nationalist Party. Patricia McLaughlin was the first woman elected as an MP for a Northern Ireland constituency.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 56], "section_span": [58, 65], "content_span": [66, 384]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073126-0003-0000", "contents": "1955 United Kingdom general election in Northern Ireland, Results\nIn the election as a whole, the Conservative Party, which included the Ulster Unionists, led by Sir Anthony Eden as Prime Minister, continued in a majority government.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 56], "section_span": [58, 65], "content_span": [66, 233]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073127-0000-0000", "contents": "1955 United Kingdom heat wave\nThe UK drought of 1955 and associated heatwave were a set of severe weather events that occurred over all parts of the country. The drought was the 7th worst drought in Yorkshire, and worse than the famous 1976 drought and heatwave in the region. The drought followed a period of extremely wet weather previous to the event, limiting the effects. However, the usual impacts were seen with water levels and the water table dropping and reservoirs running low.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [29, 29], "content_span": [30, 488]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073128-0000-0000", "contents": "1955 United Kingdom local elections\nElections to the municipal and county councils of England, Wales, and Scotland were held in 1955.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [35, 35], "content_span": [36, 133]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073129-0000-0000", "contents": "1955 United States House of Representatives elections\nThere were two special elections to the United States House of Representatives in 1955 during the 84th United States Congress.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 53], "section_span": [53, 53], "content_span": [54, 180]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073130-0000-0000", "contents": "1955 United States gubernatorial elections\nUnited States gubernatorial elections were held in 1955, in three states. Kentucky, Louisiana and Mississippi hold their gubernatorial elections in odd numbered years, every 4 years, preceding the United States presidential election year.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 42], "section_span": [42, 42], "content_span": [43, 281]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073131-0000-0000", "contents": "1955 Uruguayan Primera Divisi\u00f3n, Overview\nIt was contested by 10 teams, and Nacional won the championship.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 41], "content_span": [42, 106]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073132-0000-0000", "contents": "1955 Utah Redskins football team\nThe 1955 Utah Redskins football team represented the University of Utah during the 1955 college football season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [32, 32], "content_span": [33, 145]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073132-0001-0000", "contents": "1955 Utah Redskins football team, After the season, NFL draft\nUtah had two players selected in the 1956 NFL Draft.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 61], "content_span": [62, 114]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073133-0000-0000", "contents": "1955 Utah State Aggies football team\nThe 1955 Utah State Aggies football team was an American football team that represented Utah State University in the Skyline Conference during the 1955 college football season. In their first season under head coach Ev Faunce, the Aggies compiled a 4\u20136 record (3\u20134 against Skyline opponents), placed fifth in the Skyline Conference, and outscored opponents by a total of 177 to 173.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [36, 36], "content_span": [37, 419]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073134-0000-0000", "contents": "1955 VFA season\nThe 1955 Victorian Football Association season was the 74th season of the Australian rules football competition. The premiership was won by the Williamstown Football Club, after it recorded a come-from-behind nine-point victory against Port Melbourne in the Grand Final on 24 September. It was Williamstown's seventh premiership, its second in a row, and the second of five premierships won in six seasons from 1954 until 1959.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 15], "section_span": [15, 15], "content_span": [16, 443]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073134-0001-0000", "contents": "1955 VFA season, Premiership\nThe home-and-home season was played over twenty matches, before the top four clubs contested a finals series under the Page\u2013McIntyre system to determine the premiers for the season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 15], "section_span": [17, 28], "content_span": [29, 210]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073135-0000-0000", "contents": "1955 VFL Grand Final\nThe 1955 VFL Grand Final was an Australian rules football game contested between the Melbourne Football Club and Collingwood Football Club, held at the Melbourne Cricket Ground on 17 September 1955. It was the 59th annual Grand Final of the Victorian Football League, staged to determine the premiers for the 1955 VFL season. The match, attended by 88,053 spectators, was won by Melbourne by 28 points, marking that club's seventh premiership victory.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [20, 20], "content_span": [21, 472]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073135-0001-0000", "contents": "1955 VFL Grand Final\nA scene from the game is captured in Jamie Cooper's painting The Game That Made Australia, commissioned by the AFL in 2008 to celebrate the 150th anniversary of the sport.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [20, 20], "content_span": [21, 192]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073136-0000-0000", "contents": "1955 VFL season\nThe 1955 Victorian Football League season was the 59th season of the elite Australian rules football competition.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 15], "section_span": [15, 15], "content_span": [16, 129]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073136-0001-0000", "contents": "1955 VFL season, Premiership season\nIn 1955, the VFL competition consisted of twelve teams of 18 on-the-field players each, plus two substitute players, known as the 19th man and the 20th man. A player could be substituted for any reason; however, once substituted, a player could not return to the field of play under any circumstances.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 15], "section_span": [17, 35], "content_span": [36, 337]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073136-0002-0000", "contents": "1955 VFL season, Premiership season\nTeams played each other in a home-and-away season of 18 rounds; matches 12 to 18 were the \"home-and-away reverse\" of matches 1 to 7.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 15], "section_span": [17, 35], "content_span": [36, 168]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073136-0003-0000", "contents": "1955 VFL season, Premiership season\nOnce the 18 round home-and-away season had finished, the 1955 VFL Premiers were determined by the specific format and conventions of the Page\u2013McIntyre system.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 15], "section_span": [17, 35], "content_span": [36, 194]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073137-0000-0000", "contents": "1955 VPI Gobblers football team\nThe 1955 VPI Gobblers football team represented the Virginia Polytechnic Institute in the 1955 college football season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [31, 31], "content_span": [32, 151]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073137-0001-0000", "contents": "1955 VPI Gobblers football team, Players\nThe following players were members of the 1955 football team according to the roster published in the 1956 edition of The Bugle, the Virginia Tech yearbook.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 40], "content_span": [41, 197]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073138-0000-0000", "contents": "1955 Vanderbilt Commodores football team\nThe 1955 Vanderbilt Commodores football team represented Vanderbilt University during the 1955 college football season. The team's head coach was Art Guepe, who was in his third year as the Commodores' head coach. Members of the Southeastern Conference, the Commodores played their home games at Dudley Field in Nashville, Tennessee. In 1955, Vanderbilt went 8\u20133 overall with a conference record of 4\u20133 this was the best SEC record for Vandy until 2012 when they had an SEC record of 5\u20133. The team was led by Don Orr and Charley Horton.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [40, 40], "content_span": [41, 577]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073139-0000-0000", "contents": "1955 Venezuelan Primera Divisi\u00f3n season\nThe 1955 season of the Venezuelan Primera Divisi\u00f3n, the top category of Venezuelan football, was played by 5 teams. The national champions were La Salle.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [39, 39], "content_span": [40, 193]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073140-0000-0000", "contents": "1955 Vermont Catamounts football team\nThe 1955 Vermont Catamounts football team was an American football team that represented  the University of Vermont in the Yankee Conference during the 1955 college football season. In their fourth year under head coach J. Edward Donnelly, the team compiled a 3\u20133\u20131 record.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [37, 37], "content_span": [38, 311]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073141-0000-0000", "contents": "1955 Victorian Legislative Council election\nElections were held in the Australian state of Victoria on Saturday 18 June 1955 to elect 17 of the 34 members of the state's Legislative Council for six year terms. MLCs were elected in single-member provinces using preferential voting.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 43], "section_span": [43, 43], "content_span": [44, 281]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073141-0001-0000", "contents": "1955 Victorian Legislative Council election, Results, Legislative Council\nVictorian Legislative Council election, 18 June 1955Legislative Council << 1952\u20131958 >>", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 43], "section_span": [45, 73], "content_span": [74, 161]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073141-0002-0000", "contents": "1955 Victorian Legislative Council election, Candidates\nSitting members are shown in bold text. Successful candidates are highlighted in the relevant colour. Where there is possible confusion, an asterisk (*) is also used.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 43], "section_span": [45, 55], "content_span": [56, 222]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073142-0000-0000", "contents": "1955 Victorian state election\nThe 1955 Victorian state election was held in the Australian state of Victoria on Saturday 28 May 1955 to elect 65 (of the 66) members of the state's Legislative Assembly.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [29, 29], "content_span": [30, 201]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073142-0001-0000", "contents": "1955 Victorian state election\nThe incumbent Labor Party Government was defeated by the Liberal and Country Party (LCP) led by Henry Bolte with a swing of 14.6%.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [29, 29], "content_span": [30, 160]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073142-0002-0000", "contents": "1955 Victorian state election, Background\nJohn Cain had led the Labor Party in Victoria since 1937, and had been Premier since defeating John McDonald's Country Party government at the 1952 election, forming the first majority Labor government in Victoria's history.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 41], "content_span": [42, 266]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073142-0003-0000", "contents": "1955 Victorian state election, Background\nThe leader of the opposition Liberal and Country Party, Trevor Oldham, had died on 2 May 1953 in a plane crash on his way to attend the coronation of Queen Elizabeth II. Oldham's deputy, Henry Bolte, succeeded him a few days later.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 41], "content_span": [42, 273]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073142-0004-0000", "contents": "1955 Victorian state election, Background\nThe election was triggered by events related to the Australian Labor Party split of 1955, in which followers of B. A. Santamaria's \"Movement\"\u2014Catholic, anti-Communist, right-aligned members of the Labor Party\u2014were accused by federal leader H. V. Evatt of contributing to his loss of the 1954 federal election to Robert Menzies. The federal executive set about expelling \"disloyal\" members who supported the Movement.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 41], "content_span": [42, 458]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073142-0005-0000", "contents": "1955 Victorian state election, Background\nIn the Victorian parliament, the anti-Communists were known as the Barry\u2013Coleman group after the leaders of the faction: Bill Barry in the Legislative Assembly and Les Coleman in the Legislative Council. In April 1955, Barry and Coleman wrote to Cain requesting a unity conference, but the request was rejected, with Cain telling the group that they could only achieve unity within the ALP, by accepting the authority of the Labor federal conference and executive, and the Victorian central executive.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 41], "content_span": [42, 543]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073142-0006-0000", "contents": "1955 Victorian state election, Background\nOn the night of 19 April, Bolte moved a motion of no-confidence against Cain's government in the Legislative Assembly. In the early hours of 20 April, following a twelve-hour debate, eleven anti-Communist Labor members crossed the floor to support Bolte's motion. With his government defeated, Cain sought and received a dissolution of parliament later that day.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 41], "content_span": [42, 404]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073142-0007-0000", "contents": "1955 Victorian state election, Results, Legislative Assembly\nVictorian state election, 28 May 1955Legislative Assembly << 1952\u20131958 >>", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 60], "content_span": [61, 134]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073143-0000-0000", "contents": "1955 Villanova Wildcats football team\nThe 1955 Villanova Wildcats football team represented the Villanova University during the 1955 college football season. The head coach was Frank Reagan, coaching his second season with the Wildcats. The team played their home games at Villanova Stadium in Villanova, Pennsylvania.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [37, 37], "content_span": [38, 318]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073144-0000-0000", "contents": "1955 Virginia Cavaliers football team\nThe 1955 Virginia Cavaliers football team represented the University of Virginia during the 1955 college football season. The Cavaliers were led by third-year head coach Ned McDonald and played their home games at Scott Stadium in Charlottesville, Virginia. They competed as members of the Atlantic Coast Conference, their second year in the league, and the league's third year overall. Virginia once again failed to pick up their first ACC win, finishing winless in conference games. At the conclusion of a 1\u20139 campaign, McDonald resigned as head coach.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [37, 37], "content_span": [38, 592]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073145-0000-0000", "contents": "1955 Volta a Catalunya\nThe 1955 Volta a Catalunya was the 35th edition of the Volta a Catalunya cycle race and was held from 3 September to 11 September 1955. The race started in Sabadell and finished in Barcelona. The race was won by Jos\u00e9 G\u00f3mez del Moral.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [22, 22], "content_span": [23, 256]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073146-0000-0000", "contents": "1955 Vuelta a Espa\u00f1a\nThe 10th Vuelta a Espa\u00f1a (Tour of Spain), a long-distance bicycle stage race and one of the three grand tours, was held from 25 April to 8 May 1955. It consisted of 15 stages covering a total of 2,740\u00a0km (1,700\u00a0mi), and was won by Jean Dotto. Fiorenzo Magni won the points classification and Giuseppe Buratti won the mountains classification.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [20, 20], "content_span": [21, 363]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073147-0000-0000", "contents": "1955 WANFL Grand Final\nThe 1955 WANFL Grand Final was an Australian rules football game contested between the Perth Football Club and the East Fremantle Football Club, on 8 October 1955 at Subiaco Oval, to determine the premier team of the Western Australian National Football League (WANFL) for the 1955 season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [22, 22], "content_span": [23, 312]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073147-0001-0000", "contents": "1955 WANFL Grand Final\nOne of the most famous grand finals in WANFL history, Perth came back from a 34-point half-time deficit to win the game by two points, 11.11 (77) to 11.9 (75), to break a 48-year premiership drought to win its second ever premiership. Club and league legend Merv McIntosh was awarded the Simpson Medal as best on ground after a dominant performance in his final match. The game was attended by 41,659 people, at the time a record attendance for any football game in Western Australia.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [22, 22], "content_span": [23, 507]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073147-0002-0000", "contents": "1955 WANFL Grand Final, Background\nThe period of Western Australian football following the Second World War was dominated by four teams: South Fremantle, East Fremantle, Perth, West Perth \u2013 those teams having occupied the top four positions in all but one season between 1947 and 1955. On this occasion, South Fremantle (16\u20134) was minor premier ahead of East Fremantle (16\u20134) on percentage; Perth (14\u20136) was third and West Perth (13\u20137) was fourth. East Fremantle defeated South Fremantle by 19 points in the second semi-final to qualify for the Grand Final; Perth defeated West Perth by 22 points in the first semi-final, then defeated South Fremantle by 12 points in the preliminary final to qualify.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [24, 34], "content_span": [35, 701]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073147-0003-0000", "contents": "1955 WANFL Grand Final, Background\nEast Fremantle was historically the most successful club in the competition, having won 21 premierships up to this point, which was ten more than any other club, although it had not won one since 1946. Perth, despite its post-war period of success, remained one of the least successful clubs in the competition, having won only one premiership previously, in 1907; it had finished runner-up on seven occasions, most recently with Grand Final losses against West Perth in 1949 and South Fremantle in 1950.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [24, 34], "content_span": [35, 539]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073147-0004-0000", "contents": "1955 WANFL Grand Final, Match\nThe match was played at Subiaco Oval. A new ground and state record attendance of 41,659 attended the match, exceeding the previous record of 40,000 set at the state's 1937 carnival match against Victoria. Playing conditions were dominated by the Fremantle Doctor, a strong breeze blowing from the western end of the ground, and the team kicking with it was thought to have a four-goal advantage in each quarter. In the seconds Grand Final, played as a curtain-raiser, Perth 9.13 (67) defeated West Perth 5.6 (36).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [24, 29], "content_span": [30, 544]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073147-0005-0000", "contents": "1955 WANFL Grand Final, Match\nPerth was captained by Keith Harper and coached by Ern Henfry, who had retired as a player the previous season. East Fremantle had long-time rover Jack Sheedy as their captain, and were coached by George Meiers in his second season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [24, 29], "content_span": [30, 262]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073147-0006-0000", "contents": "1955 WANFL Grand Final, Match, First quarter\nPerth kicked with the breeze in the first quarter, and attacked strongly and early, but kicked waywardly in front of goal, kicking four behinds in the first ten minutes of the match. Adopting a short-passing game into the wind, East Fremantle worked the ball forward to Ray Howard, who marked and kicked the game's opening goal after 12 minutes to give East Fremantle the lead. This was East Fremantle's only score of the quarter, as Perth continued to take attack with wind and East Fremantle packed its defense.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [24, 44], "content_span": [45, 558]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073147-0006-0001", "contents": "1955 WANFL Grand Final, Match, First quarter\nPerth retook the lead after Reg Zeuner kicked its first goal from a mark and drop kick, and late in the quarter kicked its second after Roy Harper received a free kick in the forward line. At quarter time, Perth 2.7 (19) lead East Fremantle 1.0 (6) by 13 points, having wasted much of the advantage offered it by the wind.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [24, 44], "content_span": [45, 367]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073147-0007-0000", "contents": "1955 WANFL Grand Final, Match, First quarter\nPerth ruckman Merv McIntosh was the dominant player on the ground, giving Perth strong drive from the ruck, with Frank Walker also a strong ball-winner for the Redlegs. Alan Preen was best in the centre for East Fremantle.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [24, 44], "content_span": [45, 267]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073147-0008-0000", "contents": "1955 WANFL Grand Final, Match, Second quarter\nNow with the advantage of the breeze, East Fremantle began to dominate the game, despite McIntosh continuing to control the ruck for Perth. Goals came quickly from Frank Coulson, Jim Conway (who kicked three goals for the quarter), Johnson, Sheedy and Con Regan. After a dominant seven goals to no score with the aid of the breeze for the quarter, East Fremantle 8.5 (53) led Perth 2.7 (19) by 34 points at half time.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [24, 45], "content_span": [46, 463]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073147-0009-0000", "contents": "1955 WANFL Grand Final, Match, Third quarter\nNow kicking with the breeze, Perth took control of the game. They also made a key positional change, moving vice-captain Bert Wansbrough from centre half back to full forward \u2013 Wansbrough was the club's leading goalkicker for the season, but it was nevertheless not uncommon for him to play key positions at both ends of the ground.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [24, 44], "content_span": [45, 377]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073147-0010-0000", "contents": "1955 WANFL Grand Final, Match, Third quarter\nRoy Harper won a strong contest early in the quarter to kick Perth's third goal, and East Fremantle centre half-back Bob Hicks came off the ground shortly afterwards, suffering a leg injury from the same contest. From the ensuing centre bounce, Perth drove straight forward to Wansbrough, who marked and kicked the team's fourth goal. Perth continued its attack, but was again wayward in front of goal, Zeuner kicking consecutive behinds, before a third set shot fell just short and was marked in front of the goal line by Wansbrough, who kicked his second goal. Two more goals followed, one to Wansbrough for his third for the quarter, and one to Walker.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [24, 44], "content_span": [45, 700]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073147-0011-0000", "contents": "1955 WANFL Grand Final, Match, Third quarter\nAfter five goals to one behind with the breeze to all but erase its half time deficit, Perth 7.10 (52) trailed East Fremantle 8.6 (54) by only two points at three quarter time. However, with East Fremantle kicking with the wind in the final quarter, and only seven of the game's 106 points having hitherto been kicked against the wind, East Fremantle was still in a dominant position.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [24, 44], "content_span": [45, 429]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073147-0012-0000", "contents": "1955 WANFL Grand Final, Match, Final quarter\nEast Fremantle attacked first, and two early goals to Jack Sheedy \u2013 the first from open play and the second from a free kick \u2013 saw East Fremantle extend its lead to 15 points. But Perth was able to fight back, and a brilliant individual effort by Frank Walker saw him outpace two opponents to kick Perth's first goal into the wind from a wide angle. Another goal soon after to Wansbrough, his fourth of the second half, narrowed the margin to three points.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [24, 44], "content_span": [45, 501]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073147-0013-0000", "contents": "1955 WANFL Grand Final, Match, Final quarter\nPerth worked to nullify its wind disadvantage by repeatedly forcing the ball out of bounds along the grandstand side of the ground. East Fremantle broke away from one of these boundary contests, but Regan missed his shot at goal. Sheedy then kicked his fourth goal, and third of the quarter, to extend the advantage to more than a goal. Further East Fremantle attacks over the subsequent minutes were repelled by Perth, particularly by full-back Brian Ashbolt. Perth attacked, and a free kick to Bill Curtis allowed him to kick a goal, reducing the margin to less than a goal. Two more East Fremantle attacks were repelled by Perth centre half-back Terry Moriarty, who outmarked Sheedy on both occasions.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [24, 44], "content_span": [45, 749]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073147-0014-0000", "contents": "1955 WANFL Grand Final, Match, Final quarter\nThe next Perth attack resulted in a behind to Des Foynes, reducing the margin to four points. The rebound from the kick-off was intercepted by Zeuner, whose attacking kick was marked in a big pack mark by Tom Davis in the pocket; he kicked the goal and put Perth in front by two points with seven minutes remaining.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [24, 44], "content_span": [45, 360]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073147-0014-0001", "contents": "1955 WANFL Grand Final, Match, Final quarter\nPerth flooded back to defend its lead, and McIntosh continued to dominate the ruck, repeatedly and deliberately putting the ball out of bounds to quell East Fremantle's attempts to attack \u2013 by reports putting the ball out seven times in the final minutes of the game alone. The siren sounded, and after kicking four goals to three into the strong breeze, Perth 11.11 (77) defeated East Fremantle 11.9 (75).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [24, 44], "content_span": [45, 451]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073147-0015-0000", "contents": "1955 WANFL Grand Final, Match, Simpson Medal\nPerth ruckman Merv McIntosh was awarded the Simpson Medal as the best player on the ground for his dominant performance throughout the game, particularly his game-saving contests when Perth was defending is slim lead in the final quarter. It was his third Simpson Medal and first in a grand final, his previous two coming from interstate matches. For McIntosh, widely considered one of the greatest players in Western Australian football history, it was the first and only premiership of his career, coming in his 217th and final club game. His heroics in the come-from-behind performance, breaking both personal and club premiership droughts, are among the most widely celebrated fairytale stories in the history of the sport.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [24, 44], "content_span": [45, 772]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073148-0000-0000", "contents": "1955 WANFL season\nThe 1955 WANFL season was the 71st season of senior football in Perth, Western Australia.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [17, 17], "content_span": [18, 107]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073149-0000-0000", "contents": "1955 Wake Forest Demon Deacons baseball team\nThe 1955 Wake Forest Demon Deacons baseball team represented Wake Forest University in the 1955 NCAA baseball season. The team was coached by Taylor Sanford in his 5th season at Wake Forest.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [44, 44], "content_span": [45, 235]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073149-0001-0000", "contents": "1955 Wake Forest Demon Deacons baseball team\nThe Demon Deacons won the College World Series, defeating the Western Michigan Broncos in the championship game.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [44, 44], "content_span": [45, 157]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073150-0000-0000", "contents": "1955 Wake Forest Demon Deacons football team\nThe 1955 Wake Forest Demon Deacons football team was an American football team that represented Wake Forest University during the 1955 college football season. In their fifth season under head coach Tom Rogers, the Demon Deacons compiled a 5\u20134\u20131 record and finished in fourth place in the Atlantic Coast Conference with a 3\u20133\u20131 record against conference opponents.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [44, 44], "content_span": [45, 409]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073150-0001-0000", "contents": "1955 Wake Forest Demon Deacons football team\nTackle Bob Bartholomew was selected by both the Associated Press and the United Press International as a first-team player on the 1955 All-Atlantic Coast Conference football team.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [44, 44], "content_span": [45, 224]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073151-0000-0000", "contents": "1955 Walker Cup\nThe 1955 Walker Cup, the 15th Walker Cup Match, was played on 20 and 21 May 1955, on the Old Course at St Andrews, Scotland. The United States won by 10 matches to 2.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 15], "section_span": [15, 15], "content_span": [16, 182]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073151-0001-0000", "contents": "1955 Walker Cup\nThe United States won all four of the foursomes matches on the first day. Great Britain and Ireland won just two of the singles matches on the second day, both at the final hole, to give the United States a convincing victory. William C. Campbell, the United States playing captain, did not select himself for any of the matches.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 15], "section_span": [15, 15], "content_span": [16, 345]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073151-0002-0000", "contents": "1955 Walker Cup, Format\nFour 36-hole matches of foursomes were played on Friday and eight singles matches on Saturday. Each of the 12 matches was worth one point in the larger team competition. If a match was all square after the 36th hole extra holes were not played. The team with most points won the competition. If the two teams were tied, the previous winner would retain the trophy.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 15], "section_span": [17, 23], "content_span": [24, 388]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073151-0003-0000", "contents": "1955 Walker Cup, Teams\nGreat Britain & Ireland had a team of 10 plus a non-playing captain. The United States only selected a team of 9, which included a playing captain.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 15], "section_span": [17, 22], "content_span": [23, 170]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073152-0000-0000", "contents": "1955 Washington Huskies football team\nThe 1955 Washington Huskies football team was an American football team that represented the University of Washington during the 1955 college football season. In its third and final season under head coach John Cherberg, the team compiled a 5\u20134\u20131 record, fifth in the Pacific Coast Conference, and was outscored 141\u00a0to\u00a093. Bob\u00a0McNamee was the team\u00a0captain.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [37, 37], "content_span": [38, 394]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073152-0001-0000", "contents": "1955 Washington Huskies football team\nAfter months of unrest among players and revelations about unchecked boosters, Cherberg was dismissed in late January, Athletic director Harvey Cassill resigned two weeks later; his successor, George Briggs, hired Mississippi State head coach Darrell Royal in late February to lead the Husky football program in\u00a01956.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [37, 37], "content_span": [38, 355]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073152-0002-0000", "contents": "1955 Washington Huskies football team\nThe November 12 game against UCLA was referenced in the 1989 film, Back to the Future Part II; The older Biff Tannen traveled back in time to give his younger self a sports almanac, and he referenced this game to verify its accuracy.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [37, 37], "content_span": [38, 271]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073152-0003-0000", "contents": "1955 Washington Huskies football team, NFL Draft selections\nOne University of Washington Husky was selected in the 1956 NFL Draft, which lasted thirty rounds with 360 selections.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [39, 59], "content_span": [60, 178]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073153-0000-0000", "contents": "1955 Washington Redskins season\nThe 1955 Washington Redskins season was the franchise's 24th season in the National Football League (NFL) and their 19th in Washington, D.C.. The team  improved on their 3\u20139 record from 1954 and finished 8-4.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [31, 31], "content_span": [32, 240]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073153-0001-0000", "contents": "1955 Washington Redskins season, Regular season, Standings\nNote: Tie games were not officially counted in the standings until 1972.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 58], "content_span": [59, 131]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073154-0000-0000", "contents": "1955 Washington Senators season\nThe 1955 Washington Senators season was the franchise's 55th in Major League Baseball. The Senators won 53 games, lost 101, and finished in eighth and last place in the American League. They were managed by Chuck Dressen and played home games at Griffith Stadium, where they draw 425,238 fans, eighth and last in the American League and 16th and last in MLB.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [31, 31], "content_span": [32, 390]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073154-0001-0000", "contents": "1955 Washington Senators season\nIt was Dressen's first year as the Senators' manager, after Bucky Harris had led the 1954 club to a 66\u201388, sixth place finish. Dressen, 60, came to Washington two years removed from a highly successful three-year term as skipper of the Brooklyn Dodgers, where his teams finished in a dead heat for first in 1951 (losing the 1951 National League tie-breaker series on Bobby Thomson's famous home run), then won back-to-back NL titles in 1952 and 1953.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [31, 31], "content_span": [32, 482]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073154-0001-0001", "contents": "1955 Washington Senators season\nBut in each of the latter seasons, his Dodgers were defeated by the New York Yankees in the World Series, and when Dressen decided to demand a three-year contract to return to Brooklyn for 1954, his owner, Walter O'Malley, let his 1953 contract expire. Dressen spent 1954 managing Oakland in the highly competitive Pacific Coast League, and his return to the major leagues was viewed with anticipation by some observers.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [31, 31], "content_span": [32, 452]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073154-0002-0000", "contents": "1955 Washington Senators season\nHis hiring was a departure for the Senators' management and ownership. He was the first manager outside the Washington team's \"family\" hired during Clark Griffith's presidency, which began in 1920. Through 1954, Griffith had appointed eight different men to manage his club (with one, Harris, serving three different terms), and all had been current or former Senator players. Dressen, as a veteran National Leaguer and a high profile manager with New York ties, broke that 35-season trend.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [31, 31], "content_span": [32, 522]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073154-0003-0000", "contents": "1955 Washington Senators season\nAnd, though no one knew it at the time, 1955 would be a milestone for baseball in Washington when it proved to be Griffith's last season as the club's president and chief stockholder. He died at age 85 on October 27, and his nephew Calvin, who succeeded him, would move the franchise to Minneapolis\u2013Saint Paul as the Minnesota Twins after only five seasons as the Senators' president.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [31, 31], "content_span": [32, 416]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073154-0004-0000", "contents": "1955 Washington Senators season, Player stats, Batting, Starters by position\nNote: Pos = Position; G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 76], "content_span": [77, 201]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073154-0005-0000", "contents": "1955 Washington Senators season, Player stats, Batting, Other batters\nNote: G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 69], "content_span": [70, 178]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073154-0006-0000", "contents": "1955 Washington Senators season, Player stats, Pitching, Starting pitchers\nNote: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 74], "content_span": [75, 185]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073154-0007-0000", "contents": "1955 Washington Senators season, Player stats, Pitching, Other pitchers\nNote: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 71], "content_span": [72, 182]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073154-0008-0000", "contents": "1955 Washington Senators season, Player stats, Pitching, Relief pitchers\nNote: G = Games pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; SV = Saves; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 72], "content_span": [73, 173]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073155-0000-0000", "contents": "1955 Washington State Cougars football team\nThe 1955 Washington State Cougars football team was an American football team that represented Washington State College during the 1955 college football season. In his fourth and final year, head coach Al Kircher led the team to a 1\u20137\u20132 record, 1\u20135\u20131 in the Pacific Coast Conference (PCC). They played their three home games on campus at Rogers Field in\u00a0Pullman.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 43], "section_span": [43, 43], "content_span": [44, 406]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073155-0001-0000", "contents": "1955 Washington State Cougars football team\nThe Cougars' sole victory was in the Battle of the Palouse over neighbor Idaho in\u00a0Moscow; the\u00a0Vandals had won the previous\u00a0year in\u00a0Pullman, which was their first win in the series in 29\u00a0years.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 43], "section_span": [43, 43], "content_span": [44, 236]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073155-0002-0000", "contents": "1955 Washington State Cougars football team\nDays after the season ended, Kircher was relieved of his duties with a year remaining on his five-year contract, at\u00a0$12,500 per\u00a0year. He\u00a0opted to stay in Pullman and acquired a motel-restaurant, the Hilltop Lodge, in early 1956. His\u00a0successor was Jim Sutherland, the Cougars' head coach for eight seasons, through\u00a01963.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 43], "section_span": [43, 43], "content_span": [44, 363]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073155-0003-0000", "contents": "1955 Washington State Cougars football team, NFL Draft\nTwo Cougars were selected in the 1956 NFL Draft, which was thirty rounds (360 selections).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 43], "section_span": [45, 54], "content_span": [55, 145]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073156-0000-0000", "contents": "1955 Waterford Senior Hurling Championship\nThe 1955 Waterford Senior Hurling Championship was the 55th staging of the Waterford Senior Hurling Championship since its establishment by the Waterford County Board in 1897.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 42], "section_span": [42, 42], "content_span": [43, 218]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073156-0001-0000", "contents": "1955 Waterford Senior Hurling Championship\nOn 9 October 1955, Mount Sion won the championship after a 2-10 to 3-04 defeat of Abbeyside in the final. This was their 11th championship title overall and their third title in succession.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 42], "section_span": [42, 42], "content_span": [43, 232]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073157-0000-0000", "contents": "1955 West Riding County Council election\nThe 1955 West Riding County Council election was held on Saturday, 2 April 1955. The election took place in the administrative county of the West Riding of Yorkshire, which excluded the county boroughs of Barnsley, Bradford, Dewsbury, Doncaster, Halifax, Huddersfield, Leeds, Rotherham, Sheffield, Wakefield and York. The whole council of ninety-six members was up for election, with each county electoral division returning one councillor.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [40, 40], "content_span": [41, 481]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073157-0001-0000", "contents": "1955 West Riding County Council election, Results by division\nThe winning candidates in each division are shown in the table below.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [42, 61], "content_span": [62, 131]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073158-0000-0000", "contents": "1955 West Virginia Mountaineers football team\nThe 1955 West Virginia Mountaineers football team completed the regular season with an 8\u20132 record, including a perfect 4\u20130 conference record. They finished with a ranking of #17 in the Coaches' Poll and #19 in the AP Poll.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 45], "section_span": [45, 45], "content_span": [46, 268]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073159-0000-0000", "contents": "1955 Western Illinois Leathernecks football team\nThe 1955 Western Illinois Leathernecks football team represented Western Illinois University as a member of the Interstate Intercollegiate Athletic Conference (IIAC) during the 1955 college football season. Led by second-year head coach Wes Stevens, the Leathernecks finished the season with an overall record of 6\u20133\u20131 with a mark of 3\u20132\u20131 in conference play, placing fourth in the IIAC. Western Illinois later forfeited its win over Illinois State, dropping its season record to 5\u20134\u20131 overall and 2\u20133\u20131 in the IIAC, putting the team into a fourth-place tie with Illinois State.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 48], "section_span": [48, 48], "content_span": [49, 627]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073159-0001-0000", "contents": "1955 Western Illinois Leathernecks football team\nWestern Illinois back Don Lashmet was selected by the Associated Press as a first-team player on the 1955 All-Interstate Conference football team. Lashmet led the conference in pass receiving with 16 catches for 299 yards and two touchdowns. As a team, Western Illinois led the conference with 40 pass completions for 611 yards. Bill Vandermerkt was credited with 30 of the team's completed passes.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 48], "section_span": [48, 48], "content_span": [49, 447]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073160-0000-0000", "contents": "1955 Western Michigan Broncos baseball team\nThe 1955 Western Michigan Broncos team represented Western Michigan College in the 1955 NCAA baseball season. The Broncos played their home games at Hyames Field. The team was coached by Charlie Maher in his 17th season at Western Michigan.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 43], "section_span": [43, 43], "content_span": [44, 284]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073160-0001-0000", "contents": "1955 Western Michigan Broncos baseball team\nThe Broncos lost the College World Series, defeated by the Wake Forest in the championship game.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 43], "section_span": [43, 43], "content_span": [44, 140]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073161-0000-0000", "contents": "1955 Western Michigan Broncos football team\nThe 1955 Western Michigan Broncos football team represented Western Michigan College (renamed Western Michigan University in 1957) in the Mid-American Conference (MAC) during the 1955 college football season. In their third season under head coach Jack Petoskey, the Broncos compiled a 1\u20137\u20131 record (0\u20135 against MAC opponents), finished in seventh place in the MAC, and were outscored by their opponents, 200 to 80. The team played its home games at Waldo Stadium in Kalamazoo, Michigan.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 43], "section_span": [43, 43], "content_span": [44, 531]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073161-0001-0000", "contents": "1955 Western Michigan Broncos football team\nGuard Jim Devine and quarterback Jerry Ganzel were the team captains. Fullback Charles Nidiffer received the team's most outstanding player award.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 43], "section_span": [43, 43], "content_span": [44, 190]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073162-0000-0000", "contents": "1955 Western Reserve Red Cats football team\nThe 1955 Western Reserve Red Cats football team represented Western Reserve University\u2014now known as Case Western Reserve University\u2014during the 1955 college football season as a member of the Presidents' Athletic Conference (PAC). It was the inaugural season for the conference. Western Reserve was coached by Edward L. Finnigan and led by senior quarterback Flory Mauriocourt and fullback Hal \"Candy\" Carroll.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 43], "section_span": [43, 43], "content_span": [44, 453]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073163-0000-0000", "contents": "1955 Western State Mountaineers football team\nThe 1955 Western State Mountaineers football team was an American football team that represented Western State College of Colorado\u2014now known as Western Colorado University\u2014as a member of the Rocky Mountain Conference (RMC) during the 1955 college football season. Led by third-year head coach Pete Pederson, the Mountaineers compiled an overall record of 7\u20133 with a mark of 6\u20132 in conference play, placing second in the RMC.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 45], "section_span": [45, 45], "content_span": [46, 470]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073163-0001-0000", "contents": "1955 Western State Mountaineers football team\nWestern State halfback Bill Rhodes ranked second nationally among small college rushing  leaders. He totaled 1,112 rushing yards on 142 carries in 10 games. He also ranked fifth nationally with 1,153 yards of total offense and 13 nationally in punting with an average of 39.0 yards per punt.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 45], "section_span": [45, 45], "content_span": [46, 337]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073163-0002-0000", "contents": "1955 Western State Mountaineers football team\nRhodes was also a unanimous pick on the Associated Press (AP) Rocky Mountain Conference all-star team. Quarterback Bob Mears also received first-team honors. End Dick Mikkelsen and center Sam Boyd received second-team honors. Rhodes also received second-team honors from the AP on its Little All-America team.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 45], "section_span": [45, 45], "content_span": [46, 355]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073164-0000-0000", "contents": "1955 Wichita Shockers football team\nThe 1955 Wichita Shockers football team was an American football team that represented the University of Wichita (now known as Wichita State University) as a member of the Missouri Valley Conference during the 1955 college football season. In its first season under head coach Pete Tillman, the team compiled a 9\u20131 record (4\u20130 against MVC opponents), tied for the MVC championship, and outscored opponents by a total of 252 to 132. The team played its home games at Veterans Field, now known as Cessna Stadium.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [35, 35], "content_span": [36, 546]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073165-0000-0000", "contents": "1955 Wightman Cup\nThe 1955 Wightman Cup was the 27th edition of the annual women's team tennis competition between the United States and Great Britain. It was held at the Westchester Country Club in Rye, New York in the United States.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [17, 17], "content_span": [18, 234]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073166-0000-0000", "contents": "1955 Wilkes 160\nThe 1955 Wilkes 160 was a NASCAR Grand National Series event that was held on October 23, 1955, at the North Wilkesboro Speedway in North Wilkesboro, North Carolina.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 15], "section_span": [15, 15], "content_span": [16, 181]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073166-0001-0000", "contents": "1955 Wilkes 160, Summary\nOne hundred and sixty laps were competed on a dirt oval track spanning .625 miles (1.006\u00a0km). There were three cautions delivered down by NASCAR officials and the race lasted exactly one hour, twenty-one minutes, and sixteen seconds. Buck Baker defeated Lee Petty by a time of three seconds. Ford would make its first Grand National Series win at this speedway; making it a viable competitor against Dodge, Chevrolet and Chrysler. The average speed was 72.347 miles per hour (116.431\u00a0km/h) while the pole position speed was 79.815 miles per hour (128.450\u00a0km/h). Ten thousand people attended this autumn race. This race would produce Joe Weatherly's first finish in the top five. Most of the drivers in this racing event were driver-owners who owned their own racing vehicle and drove their vehicle directly to the races instead of towing it from hundreds of miles away.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 15], "section_span": [17, 24], "content_span": [25, 894]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073166-0002-0000", "contents": "1955 Wilkes 160, Summary\nAll the drivers in this event were racing for a prize purse that totalled $4,285 ($41,396.83 when adjusted for inflation). Only 20 of the 28 competing drivers would gain financially from this race; with individual earnings that ranged from $1,110 ($10,723.57 when adjusted for inflation) to a paltry $50 for the NASCAR drivers who finished in 13th place through 20th place ($483.04 when adjusted for inflation). No financial compensation was given to the participants who finished in the bottom 9 due to NASCAR's limited budget for prize winnings in an era prior to \"big money\" sponsors like Sprint Nextel and the R.J. Reynolds Tobacco Company.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 15], "section_span": [17, 24], "content_span": [25, 669]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073166-0003-0000", "contents": "1955 Wilkes 160, Summary\nCarl Kiekhaefer was one of the notable crew chiefs on attendance for this race; he helped to service Tim Flock's racing vehicle.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 15], "section_span": [17, 24], "content_span": [25, 153]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073166-0004-0000", "contents": "1955 Wilkes 160, Summary, Results\n\u2020 signifies that the driver is known to be deceased", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 15], "section_span": [17, 33], "content_span": [34, 85]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073167-0000-0000", "contents": "1955 Wilkes County 160\nThe 1955 Wilkes County 160 was a NASCAR Grand National Series event that was held on April 3, 1955, at North Wilkesboro Speedway in North Wilkesboro, North Carolina.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [22, 22], "content_span": [23, 188]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073167-0001-0000", "contents": "1955 Wilkes County 160, Background\nNorth Wilkesboro carried a reputation as one of the fastest short-tracks in auto racing in the late 1940s and 1950s. In 1950, speeds reached 73\u00a0mph at the track, compared to the next fastest short-track, Charlotte Speedway, where top speeds only reached 66\u00a0mph. Most of the fans in the early years of the sport saw the track as notorious for being a great venue to watch races between the legendary racers of the time. Racing at North Wilkesboro was intense and physical.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [24, 34], "content_span": [35, 506]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073167-0002-0000", "contents": "1955 Wilkes County 160, Background\nThe 1950 Wilkes 200 was the second Grand National Series race held at North Wilkesboro Speedway. Twenty-six cars entered the race. Twenty-one-year-old Fireball Roberts qualified with a lap speed of 73.266\u00a0mph on the dirt track for his first ever Grand National pole, but engine problems dropped him out of the running. Fonty Flock started in the third position and led the most laps in the race with 104, but engine troubles also ended his day. Ultimately, Leon Sales led eight of the 200 laps to become the victor,  the fourth NASCAR driver to win an event in his debut race. Jack Smith finished second after leading 55 laps in the race.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [24, 34], "content_span": [35, 673]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073167-0003-0000", "contents": "1955 Wilkes County 160, Background\nAfter hosting only one NASCAR event in 1949 and one in 1950, the track began running two Grand National Series events per year in 1951 (with the exception of 1956, when only one race was held; the track was being prepared for pavement). One race was held in the spring, normally in late March or early April, and another was held in the fall, normally in late September or early October. In 1957, owner Enoch Stanley had the 5/8-mile track paved.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [24, 34], "content_span": [35, 481]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073167-0004-0000", "contents": "1955 Wilkes County 160, Background\nThe Wilkes 200 in 1952 turned into a battle between brothers. Two sets of brothers competed in the race, and they took the top four spots at the finish. The Flock Brothers (Fonty Flock and Tim Flock) were strong, but the Thomas brothers (Herb Thomas and Donald Thomas) had the better outcome. Herb Thomas, driving his 1952 \"Fabulous\" Hudson Hornet, won the pole, led 192 of the 200 laps, and grabbed the victory. Fonty Flock led the first eight laps and finished the race second. Donald Thomas, also in a 1952 \"Fabulous\" Hudson Hornet, finished third, and Tim Flock finished fourth. Eleven of the 27 cars entered in the race finished. Six of the top nine positions were driving Hudson Hornets.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [24, 34], "content_span": [35, 728]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073167-0005-0000", "contents": "1955 Wilkes County 160, Background\nHerb Thomas started on the pole for the 1953 Wilkes 200 with his record-setting qualifying speed of 78.424\u00a0mph on the dirt surface. Outside pole sitter Tim Flock led the first 100 laps before experiencing engine problems. Curtis Turner took the lead on Lap 101 and continued the lead until his car also succumbed to engine troubles nine laps later. Thomas in his Number 92 Hudson Hornet only lead 18 laps in the race but ended the race by taking his third consecutive win at North Wilkesboro. Starting from the third spot, Dick Rathmann led 70 laps and finished behind Herb Thomas. Fonty Flock managed to work his way up from the fourth starting position to the front and led three laps before dropping back and finishing third.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [24, 34], "content_span": [35, 763]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073167-0006-0000", "contents": "1955 Wilkes County 160, Background\nPole sitter Buck Baker ran 78.288\u00a0mph to gap the pole for the 1953 Wilkes 160. Baker ran strong and led the most laps in the race with 80 out front before falling back into sixth position at the finish. Speedy Thompson led 25 laps, and Fonty Flock led 37. Curtis Turner led a total of 18 laps. At the end of the race, Thompson finished two laps ahead of second-place Flock. Thompson's win ended Herb Thomas and his Hudson Hornet's three-race winning streak at North Wilkesboro.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [24, 34], "content_span": [35, 512]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073167-0007-0000", "contents": "1955 Wilkes County 160, Background\nAt the 1954 Wilkes County 160, Gober Sosebee won the pole with a lap speed of 78.698\u00a0mph. Sosebee led a race-high 112 laps but finished in 12th position, eight laps down. The only other leader was Dick Rathmann, who led 48 laps. Rathmann blew a tire while leading, with three laps to go, and still managed to finish and win the race. Herb Thomas finished some 20 seconds behind in second place.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [24, 34], "content_span": [35, 429]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073167-0008-0000", "contents": "1955 Wilkes County 160, Background\nIn the 1954 Wilkes 160, Hershel McGriff won the pole with a qualifying speed of 77.612\u00a0mph. He and Dick Rathman were the only leaders of the race; McGriff led 74 laps, and Rathman led 83. The race was called three laps early because of a serious crash involving Lou Figaro; his car flipped, and the roof caved in. Figaro was transported to a hospital in Winston-Salem, but he died the following day from a skull fracture and brain damage suffered in the crash. McGriff was declared the winner. It was his final victory and his last Grand National race for 17 years.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [24, 34], "content_span": [35, 600]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073167-0009-0000", "contents": "1955 Wilkes County 160, Race report\nOne hundred and sixty laps were done on a dirt track spanning .625 miles (1.006\u00a0km). The total duration of the race was one hour, twenty-two minutes, and three seconds with no cautions. Buck Baker defeated Dick Rathmann by three feet; the final ten laps was a neck-to-neck battle between Baker and Rathmann. Ten thousand people came out to see this race.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [24, 35], "content_span": [36, 390]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073167-0010-0000", "contents": "1955 Wilkes County 160, Race report\nThe pole speed that was accomplished by Dink Widenhouse was 77.720 miles per hour (125.078\u00a0km/h) while the average speed was 73.126 miles per hour (117.685\u00a0km/h). Other notable drivers who participated included Lee Petty, Herb Thomas, Dink Widenhouse, Fonty Flock, and Junior Johnson. All twenty-two drivers who qualified were American-born. Twelve drivers failed to finish the race due to axle, spindle, coil, wheel, frame, vapor lock, tire, gasket, and bearing problems.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [24, 35], "content_span": [36, 508]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073167-0011-0000", "contents": "1955 Wilkes County 160, Race report\nThe total winnings of the race was $3,800 USD ($36,268 when considering inflation). Race car drivers still had to commute to the races using the same stock cars that competed in a typical weekend's race through a policy of homologation (and under their own power). This policy was in effect until roughly 1975. By 1980, NASCAR had completely stopped tracking the year model of all the vehicles and most teams did not take stock cars to the track under their own power anymore.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [24, 35], "content_span": [36, 512]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073167-0012-0000", "contents": "1955 Wilkes County 160, Race report\nCarl Kiekhaefer was the only notable crew chief to appear at this race; he was also the owner of the #300 Chrysler vehicle driven by Tim Flock.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [24, 35], "content_span": [36, 179]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073167-0013-0000", "contents": "1955 Wilkes County 160, Race report, Finishing order\n* denotes that the driver failed to finish the race \u2020 signifies that the driver is known to be deceased", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [24, 52], "content_span": [53, 156]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073168-0000-0000", "contents": "1955 William & Mary Indians football team\nThe 1955 William & Mary Indians football team represented William & Mary during the 1955 college football season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 41], "section_span": [41, 41], "content_span": [42, 155]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073169-0000-0000", "contents": "1955 Wimbledon Championships\nThe 1955 Wimbledon Championships took place on the outdoor grass courts at the All England Lawn Tennis and Croquet Club in Wimbledon, London, United Kingdom. The tournament was held from Monday 20 June until Saturday 2 July 1955. It was the 69th staging of the Wimbledon Championships, and the third Grand Slam tennis event of 1955. Tony Trabert and Louise Brough won the singles titles.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [28, 28], "content_span": [29, 416]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073169-0001-0000", "contents": "1955 Wimbledon Championships, Champions, Seniors, Men's Doubles\nRex Hartwig /  Lew Hoad defeated  Neale Fraser /  Ken Rosewall, 7\u20135, 6\u20134, 6\u20133", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 63], "content_span": [64, 141]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073169-0002-0000", "contents": "1955 Wimbledon Championships, Champions, Seniors, Women's Doubles\nAngela Mortimer /  Anne Shilcock defeated  Shirley Bloomer /  Patricia Ward, 7\u20135, 6\u20131", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 65], "content_span": [66, 151]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073169-0003-0000", "contents": "1955 Wimbledon Championships, Champions, Seniors, Mixed Doubles\nVic Seixas /  Doris Hart defeated  Enrique Morea /  Louise Brough, 8\u20136, 2\u20136, 6\u20133", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 63], "content_span": [64, 144]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073170-0000-0000", "contents": "1955 Wimbledon Championships \u2013 Boys' Singles\nMike Hann defeated Jan-Erik Lundqvist in the final, 6\u20130, 11\u20139 to win the Boys' Singles tennis title at the 1955 Wimbledon Championships.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [44, 44], "content_span": [45, 181]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073171-0000-0000", "contents": "1955 Wimbledon Championships \u2013 Girls' Singles\nSheila Armstrong defeated B\u00e9atrice de Chambure in the final, 6\u20132, 6\u20134 to win the Girls' Singles tennis title at the 1955 Wimbledon Championships.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 45], "section_span": [45, 45], "content_span": [46, 191]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073172-0000-0000", "contents": "1955 Wimbledon Championships \u2013 Men's Doubles\nRex Hartwig and Mervyn Rose were the defending champions, but decided not to play together. Rose partnered with George Worthington but lost in the semifinals to Hartwig and his partner Lew Hoad.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [44, 44], "content_span": [45, 239]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073172-0001-0000", "contents": "1955 Wimbledon Championships \u2013 Men's Doubles\nHartwig and Hoad defeated Neale Fraser and Ken Rosewall in the final, 7\u20135, 6\u20134, 6\u20133 to win the Gentlemen' Doubles tennis title at the 1955 Wimbledon Championship.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [44, 44], "content_span": [45, 207]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073172-0002-0000", "contents": "1955 Wimbledon Championships \u2013 Men's Doubles, Seeds\nClick on the seed number of a player to go to their draw section.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [46, 51], "content_span": [52, 117]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073173-0000-0000", "contents": "1955 Wimbledon Championships \u2013 Men's Singles\nIn the 1955 Wimbledon Championships \u2013 Men's Singles event, Tony Trabert defeated Kurt Nielsen in the final, 6\u20133, 7\u20135, 6\u20131 to win the Gentlemen's Singles tennis title. Jaroslav Drobn\u00fd was the defending champion but lost in the quarterfinals to Tony Trabert.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [44, 44], "content_span": [45, 301]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073173-0001-0000", "contents": "1955 Wimbledon Championships \u2013 Men's Singles\nIt was the second of two Men's Singles competitions at Wimbledon in which an unseeded Nielsen had progressed to the final, and he remains the only unseeded player to achieve this twice.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [44, 44], "content_span": [45, 230]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073173-0002-0000", "contents": "1955 Wimbledon Championships \u2013 Men's Singles, Seeds\nClick on the seed number of a player to go to their draw section.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [46, 51], "content_span": [52, 117]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073174-0000-0000", "contents": "1955 Wimbledon Championships \u2013 Mixed Doubles\nVic Seixas and Doris Hart successfully defended their title, defeating Enrique Morea and Louise Brough in the final, 8\u20136, 2\u20136, 6\u20133 to win the Mixed Doubles tennis title at the 1955 Wimbledon Championships.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [44, 44], "content_span": [45, 250]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073174-0001-0000", "contents": "1955 Wimbledon Championships \u2013 Mixed Doubles, Seeds\nClick on the seed number of a player to go to their draw section.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [46, 51], "content_span": [52, 117]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073175-0000-0000", "contents": "1955 Wimbledon Championships \u2013 Women's Doubles\nLouise Brough and Margaret duPont were the defending champions but did not compete.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 46], "section_span": [46, 46], "content_span": [47, 130]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073175-0001-0000", "contents": "1955 Wimbledon Championships \u2013 Women's Doubles\nAngela Mortimer and Anne Shilcock defeated Shirley Bloomer and Pat Ward in the final, 7\u20135, 6\u20131 to win the Ladies' Doubles tennis title at the 1955 Wimbledon Championships. To date it remains the last all-British women's doubles final.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 46], "section_span": [46, 46], "content_span": [47, 281]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073175-0002-0000", "contents": "1955 Wimbledon Championships \u2013 Women's Doubles, Seeds\nClick on the seed number of a player to go to their draw section.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 46], "section_span": [48, 53], "content_span": [54, 119]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073176-0000-0000", "contents": "1955 Wimbledon Championships \u2013 Women's Singles\nLouise Brough defeated Beverly Fleitz in the final, 7\u20135, 8\u20136 to win the Ladies' Singles tennis title at the 1955 Wimbledon Championships. Maureen Connolly was the defending champion, but withdrew after breaking her leg.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 46], "section_span": [46, 46], "content_span": [47, 266]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073176-0001-0000", "contents": "1955 Wimbledon Championships \u2013 Women's Singles, Seeds\nClick on the seed number of a player to go to their draw section.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 46], "section_span": [48, 53], "content_span": [54, 119]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073177-0000-0000", "contents": "1955 Wisconsin Badgers football team\nThe 1955 Wisconsin Badgers football team represented the University of Wisconsin in the 1955 Big Ten Conference football season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [36, 36], "content_span": [37, 165]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073178-0000-0000", "contents": "1955 Wis\u0142a Krak\u00f3w season\nThe 1955 season was Wis\u0142a Krak\u00f3w's 47th year as a club. Wis\u0142a was under the name of Gwardia Krak\u00f3w until 10 September 1955.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [24, 24], "content_span": [25, 148]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073179-0000-0000", "contents": "1955 Women's British Open Squash Championship\nThe 1955 Ladies Open Championships was held at the Lansdowne Club in London from 7\u201312 December 1954. Janet Morgan won her sixth consecutive title defeating Ruth Turner in the final. The competition was held during December 1954 but formed part of the 1954/1955 season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 45], "section_span": [45, 45], "content_span": [46, 314]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073179-0001-0000", "contents": "1955 Women's British Open Squash Championship, Seeds\nM E Gowthorpe  Ruth Turner  Rachel Byrne  Rosemary Walsh  V Lowe  Audrey Bates  Marjorie Townsend", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 45], "section_span": [47, 52], "content_span": [53, 150]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073180-0000-0000", "contents": "1955 Women's European Volleyball Championship\nThe 1955 Women's European Volleyball Championship was the fourth edition of the event, organised by Europe's governing volleyball body, the Conf\u00e9d\u00e9ration Europ\u00e9enne de Volleyball. It was hosted in Bucharest, Romania from 15 to 24 June 1955.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 45], "section_span": [45, 45], "content_span": [46, 286]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073180-0001-0000", "contents": "1955 Women's European Volleyball Championship, Format\nThe tournament was played in a single round-robin format, with all teams placed in a single group.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 45], "section_span": [47, 53], "content_span": [54, 152]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073181-0000-0000", "contents": "1955 Women's Western Open\nThe 1955 Women's Western Open was contested from June 23\u201326 at Maple Bluff Country Club. It was the 26th edition of the Women's Western Open and the first played at stroke play.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [25, 25], "content_span": [26, 203]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073182-0000-0000", "contents": "1955 World Archery Championships\nThe 1955 World Archery Championships was the 17th edition of the World Archery Championships. The event was held in Helsinki, Finland in July 1955 and was organised by World Archery Federation (FITA).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [32, 32], "content_span": [33, 233]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073183-0000-0000", "contents": "1955 World Fencing Championships\nThe 1955 World Fencing Championships were held in Rome, Italy.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [32, 32], "content_span": [33, 95]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073184-0000-0000", "contents": "1955 World Figure Skating Championships\nThe World Figure Skating Championships is an annual figure skating competition sanctioned by the International Skating Union in which figure skaters compete for the title of World Champion.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [39, 39], "content_span": [40, 229]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073184-0001-0000", "contents": "1955 World Figure Skating Championships\nThe 1955 competitions for men, ladies, pair skating, and ice dancing took place from February 15th to 18th in Vienna, Austria.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [39, 39], "content_span": [40, 166]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073185-0000-0000", "contents": "1955 World Modern Pentathlon Championships\nThe 1955 World Modern Pentathlon Championships were held in Macolin, Switzerland.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 42], "section_span": [42, 42], "content_span": [43, 124]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073186-0000-0000", "contents": "1955 World Professional Match-play Championship\nThe 1955 World Professional Match-play Championship was a professional snooker tournament, the fourth edition of the World Professional Match-play Championship, held 4 November 1954 to 19 March 1955. The event was held at several venues across the United Kingdom, with the final at the Tower Circus in Blackpool from 14 to 19 March 1955. The entries did not include Walter Donaldson who reached the 1954 final, but chose not to participate at the event.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 47], "section_span": [47, 47], "content_span": [48, 501]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073186-0001-0000", "contents": "1955 World Professional Match-play Championship\nThe defending champion Fred Davis won his seventh World title by taking a winning 37\u201334 lead over John Pulman in the 73-frame final. The match ended with the score at 38\u201335 after the dead frames were played out. It was Pulman's first appearance in the final, and he made the highest break of the tournament with two breaks of 103 in the final.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 47], "section_span": [47, 47], "content_span": [48, 391]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073186-0002-0000", "contents": "1955 World Professional Match-play Championship, Overview\nThe World Professional Match-play Championship was created in 1952 as an alternative to the Billiards Association and Control Council (BA&CC) professional World Snooker Championship, which was retrospectively recognised as a world championship. However, founder and 15-time champion Joe Davis of the BA&CC's events did not participate in the Match-play Championships. The defending champion of the event was Davis' brother Fred Davis, who had won the World Snooker Championship as the BA&CC authorised event, and the match-play championship on all three previous occasions. Fred Davis won the 1954 championship defeating Walter Donaldson 45\u201326 in the final.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 47], "section_span": [49, 57], "content_span": [58, 715]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073186-0003-0000", "contents": "1955 World Professional Match-play Championship, Overview, Format\nThe 1955 World Professional Match-play Championship was held over several months between 4 November 1954 to 19 March 1955. The final was held at Tower Circus in Blackpool from 14 to 19 March 1955. The event had seven participants as the 1954 runner-up Walter Donaldson did not enter, with a player being given a bye to the semi-finals. The defending champion Fred Davis was given a bye. The rounds were played at different locations in the United Kingdom over different match lengths. Matches were played as the best-of-61 frames in the quarter and semi-finals, except for two quarter-final matches played at Leicester Square Hall which were played over 37 frames, and a best-of-73 frames final.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 47], "section_span": [49, 65], "content_span": [66, 761]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073186-0004-0000", "contents": "1955 World Professional Match-play Championship, Summary\nThe quarter-final match between Alec Brown and John Barrie doubled as a contest in the 1954/1955 News of the World Snooker Tournament. Despite the News of the World tournament featuring a handicap system, both players were drawn with a level handicap. Brown took an early 7\u20135 lead, and later won the match 21\u201316.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 47], "section_span": [49, 56], "content_span": [57, 369]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073186-0005-0000", "contents": "1955 World Professional Match-play Championship, Summary\nJohn Pulman and Rex Williams met in the second quarter-final match at Leicester Square Hall, London. The venue was being used for the 1954/1955 News of the World Snooker Tournament and the match was reduced to 37 frames with just one session on each day. The match was level at 12\u201312, however, Pulman won five of the next six to lead 17\u201313. On the final day, Pulman won five of the seven frames to win 22\u201315.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 47], "section_span": [49, 56], "content_span": [57, 465]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073186-0006-0000", "contents": "1955 World Professional Match-play Championship, Summary\nJackie Rea led Harry Stokes 7\u20133 after the first day of their quarter-final match in Edinburgh, Scotland. Stokes made a Scottish record break of 82 in the last frame of the day. Rea extended his lead to 14\u20136 on the second day, scoring a break of 102 in frame 15, whilst Stokes made a break of 90, improving on the previous day. Stokes won seven frames on day three before Rea then pulled ahead and won the match 31\u201319, taking the last frame on the fifth day. Rea eventually won 37\u201324 after the remaining frames were played.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 47], "section_span": [49, 56], "content_span": [57, 579]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073186-0007-0000", "contents": "1955 World Professional Match-play Championship, Summary\nDefending champion Fred Davis and Jackie Rea met in the first semi-final at the RAOB Hall, Church Street in Belfast, Northern Ireland. Davis took a 9\u20133 lead on the first day, however, Rea shortened the gap to four frames as Davis only led 26\u201322 after four days. Davis led 30\u201324 after the final penultimate session and took a winning lead of 31\u201324 by taking the first frame in the final session. The match ended 36\u201325 after the dead frames were played out.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 47], "section_span": [49, 56], "content_span": [57, 512]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073186-0008-0000", "contents": "1955 World Professional Match-play Championship, Summary\nJohn Pulman met Alec Brown in the second semi-final, played in Jersey in the Channel Islands. They played just one session on the first day, the score being tied at 3\u20133. There was also just one session on the fourth day, Pulman having taken a 23\u201313 lead. Pulman won the match 31\u201317 at the end of day 5, before winning 37\u201324 after the 13 dead frames that were played on the final day.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 47], "section_span": [49, 56], "content_span": [57, 440]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073186-0009-0000", "contents": "1955 World Professional Match-play Championship, Summary\nThe final was a best-of-73 frame match and held at the Tower Circus in Blackpool. Fred Davis took a 10\u20132 lead after the first day, but John Pulman had slightly the better of the second day and Davis only led 15\u20139. Davis led 20\u201316 after day three, 27\u201321 after day four and 33\u201327 after day five. Davis won the title with the score at 37\u201334, with the final score being 38\u201335 after the remaining frames were played. Pulman made three century breaks in the final, 103 on day 2, another 103 on day 4 and 101 in the last frame. The 103 was the highest break of the event. Part of the final was televised in the UK in a 30-minute programme on 18 March 1955.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 47], "section_span": [49, 56], "content_span": [57, 706]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073186-0010-0000", "contents": "1955 World Professional Match-play Championship, Main draw\nThe tournament featured seven players, those in bold denote match winners.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 47], "section_span": [49, 58], "content_span": [59, 133]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073187-0000-0000", "contents": "1955 World Series\nThe 1955 World Series matched the Brooklyn Dodgers against the New York Yankees, with the Dodgers winning the Series in seven games to capture their first championship in franchise history. It would be the only Series the Dodgers won while based in Brooklyn, as the team relocated to Los Angeles after the 1957 season. This was the fifth time in nine years that the Yankees and the Dodgers met in the World Series, with the Yankees having won in 1947, 1949, 1952, and 1953; the Yankees would also win in the 1956 rematch.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [17, 17], "content_span": [18, 539]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073187-0001-0000", "contents": "1955 World Series\nThis Series also marked the end of a long period of invulnerability for the Yankees in the World Series. It was the Yankees' first loss in a World Series since 1942 and only their second since 1926. While the Yankees were 15\u20132 in Series appearances during that time, they would lose again in 1957, 1960, 1963, and 1964, for a record of 4\u20135 in World Series over the next decade.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [17, 17], "content_span": [18, 395]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073187-0002-0000", "contents": "1955 World Series, Background\nThis was the sixth World Series contested between the Yankees and Dodgers; the Yankees had won each of the five prior matchups (1941, 1947, 1949, 1952, and 1953). New York manager Casey Stengel had played for the Dodgers from 1912 through 1917.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 29], "content_span": [30, 274]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073187-0003-0000", "contents": "1955 World Series, Background, Brooklyn Dodgers\nThe NL champion Dodgers finished the regular season with a record of 98\u201355, 13+1\u20442 games ahead of the Milwaukee Braves. Offensive team leaders were Duke Snider (.309 batting average, 42 home runs, 136 RBIs, .628 slugging percentage, and 1.046 OPS) and Roy Campanella (.318 batting average, 32 home runs, 107 RBIs, .583 slugging percentage, and .978 OPS). Pitcher Don Newcombe led the team in wins, with a 20\u20135 record, and 233+2\u20443 innings pitched. Campanella was voted the National League MVP, narrowly edging Snider.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 47], "content_span": [48, 564]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073187-0004-0000", "contents": "1955 World Series, Background, New York Yankees\nThe AL champion Yankees finished the regular season with a record of 96\u201358, three games ahead of the Cleveland Indians. Offensive team leaders were Mickey Mantle (.306 batting average, 37 home runs, 99 RBIs, .611 slugging percentage, and 1.042 OPS), Yogi Berra (.272 batting average, 27 home runs, 108 RBIs, .470 slugging percentage, and .819 OPS), and Bill Skowron (.319 batting average). Pitcher Whitey Ford led the team in wins, with an 18\u20137 record, and 253+2\u20443 innings pitched. Berra was voted the American League MVP, while Mantle finished fifth.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 47], "content_span": [48, 599]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073187-0005-0000", "contents": "1955 World Series, Summary\nNL Brooklyn Dodgers (4) vs. AL New York Yankees (3)", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 26], "content_span": [27, 78]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073187-0006-0000", "contents": "1955 World Series, Matchups, Game 1\nIn Game 1, Carl Furillo's leadoff home run in the second off Whitey Ford put the Dodgers up 1\u20130. Jackie Robinson then tripled with one out and scored on Don Zimmer's single, but in the bottom of the inning, after a walk, rookie Elston Howard, in his first World Series at bat, homered to tie the game off Don Newcombe.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 35], "content_span": [36, 354]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073187-0006-0001", "contents": "1955 World Series, Matchups, Game 1\nDuke Snider's leadoff home run next inning put the Dodgers back in front 3\u20132 (which would eventually help establish a new HR record for a seven-game series at 17), but in the bottom half, the Yankees again tied the score on Irv Noren's RBI groundout with runners on second and third. Joe Collins's leadoff home run next inning put the Yankees ahead 4\u20133. His two-run home run in the sixth extended their lead to 6\u20133.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 35], "content_span": [36, 451]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073187-0006-0002", "contents": "1955 World Series, Matchups, Game 1\nIn the seventh, after a single and error by third baseman Gil McDougald put runners on second and third with one out, Zimmer's sacrifice fly scored a run, then Robinson stole home to cut the Yankees' lead to 6\u20135, but Ford pitched eight innings for the win while Bob Grim earned the save with a scoreless ninth to give the Yankees a 1\u20130 series lead.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 35], "content_span": [36, 384]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073187-0007-0000", "contents": "1955 World Series, Matchups, Game 2\nIn Game 2, Pee Wee Reese lead off the top of the fourth with a triple and scored on Duke Snider's single off Tommy Byrne, but in the bottom of the inning, after a two-out single and walk, back-to-back RBI singles by Elston Howard and Billy Martin tied the game. After a hit-by-pitch loaded the bases, Byrne's two-run single put the Yankees up 4\u20131 and knock starter Billy Loes out of the game. The Dodgers got a run in the fifth on Jim Gilliam's RBI single with Jackie Robinson at third, but could not score again off Byrne, who pitched a complete game to give the Yankees a 2\u20130 series lead heading to Brooklyn.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 35], "content_span": [36, 646]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073187-0008-0000", "contents": "1955 World Series, Matchups, Game 3\nIn Game 3, Roy Campanella's two-run home run after a walk off Bob Turley in the first put the Dodgers up 2\u20130, but in the second, Mickey Mantle, who only played in 3 games in this series, hit his only home run of the series. Bill Skowron then doubled and scored on Phil Rizzuto's two-out single to tie the game. In the bottom of the inning, two singles and a hit-by-pitch loaded the bases before walks to Jim Gilliam off Turley and Pee Wee Reese off Tom Morgan put the Dodgers up 4\u20132.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 35], "content_span": [36, 519]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073187-0008-0001", "contents": "1955 World Series, Matchups, Game 3\nIn the fourth with two on, Campanella's RBI single and Carl Furillo's sacrifice fly extended the Dodgers' lead to 6\u20132. In the top of the seventh, Rizzuto walked with two outs and scored on Andy Carey's triple, but in the bottom half, Jackie Robinson doubled with one out off Tom Sturdivant and scored on Sandy Amoros's single. After a forceout and walk, Reese's RBI single extended the Dodgers' lead to 8\u20133. Johnny Podres pitched a complete game as the Dodgers cut the Yankees' series lead to 2\u20131. This was the last World Series game to be played in the month of September.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 35], "content_span": [36, 609]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073187-0009-0000", "contents": "1955 World Series, Matchups, Game 4\nGil McDougald's one-out home run in the first off Carl Erskine put the Yankees up 1\u20130. In the second, Joe Collins drew a leadoff walk, moved two bases on two groundouts, and scored on Phil Rizzuto's single. In the third, Sandy Amoros drew a leadoff walk off Don Larsen and scored on Jim Gilliam's RBI double.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 35], "content_span": [36, 344]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073187-0009-0001", "contents": "1955 World Series, Matchups, Game 4\nIn the top of the fourth, after a leadoff walk and single, Don Bessent relieved Erksine and allowed an RBI single to Billy Martin, but in the bottom of the inning, Roy Campanella hit a leadoff home run and after a single, Gil Hodges's two-run home run put the Dodgers up 4\u20133. Duke Snider's three-run home run next inning off Johnny Kucks extended their lead to 7\u20133. In the top of the sixth, Elston Howard hit a leadoff single off Clem Labine and scored on Billy Martin's double.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 35], "content_span": [36, 514]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073187-0009-0002", "contents": "1955 World Series, Matchups, Game 4\nOne out later, Eddie Robinson's RBI single cut the Dodgers' lead to 7\u20135, but the Dodgers added a run in the seventh on three consecutive leadoff singles by Campanella, Carl Furillo and Gil Hodges off Rip Coleman. Labine earned the win with 4+1\u20443 innings to close as the Dodgers tied the series with an 8\u20135 win.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 35], "content_span": [36, 346]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073187-0010-0000", "contents": "1955 World Series, Matchups, Game 5\nSunday, October 2, 1955, at Ebbets Field in Brooklyn, New York", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 35], "content_span": [36, 98]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073187-0011-0000", "contents": "1955 World Series, Matchups, Game 5\nIn Game 5, Sandy Amoros's two-run homer in the second off Bob Grim put the Dodgers up 2\u20130. Next inning, Duke Snider's lead off home run made it 3\u20130. The Yankees got on the board in the fourth on Billy Martin's RBI single with two off rookie Roger Craig, but Snider's second home run of the game in the fifth gave the Dodgers that run back.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 35], "content_span": [36, 375]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073187-0011-0001", "contents": "1955 World Series, Matchups, Game 5\nHome runs by Bob Cerv in the seventh off Craig and Yogi Berra in the eighth off Clem Labine cut the Dodgers' lead to 4\u20133, but Brooklyn added an insurance run in the bottom of the eighth off Bob Turley when Carl Furillo hit a leadoff single, moved to second on a sacrifice bunt, and scored on Jackie Robinson's single. Labine pitched 2+2\u20443 innings in relief for Craig, who won his first World series start, for the save as the Dodgers were one win away from the championship. Snider became the only player from either league with four home runs in two different Series.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 35], "content_span": [36, 604]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073187-0012-0000", "contents": "1955 World Series, Matchups, Game 6\nIn Game 6, the Yankees scored all five of their runs in the first off Karl Spooner. After two walks, back-to-back RBI singles by Yogi Berra and Hank Bauer put them up 2\u20130 before Bill Skowron capped the scoring with a three-run home run. Whitey Ford pitched a complete game, allowing one run (on Carl Furillo's RBI single in the fourth) and four hits as the Yankees forced a Game 7 with a 5\u20131 win.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 35], "content_span": [36, 432]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073187-0013-0000", "contents": "1955 World Series, Matchups, Game 7\nThe Dodgers scored the game's only runs on a fourth inning RBI single and sixth inning bases-loaded sacrifice fly, both by Gil Hodges. The RBIs by Hodges were set up by a double by Roy Campanella in the fourth and a lead-off single by Pee Wee Reese in the sixth \u2014 the only time a Dodgers lead-off hitter reached base in any inning. While Campanella scored on Hodges' two-out single, Reese had advanced to third on two bunts.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 35], "content_span": [36, 460]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073187-0014-0000", "contents": "1955 World Series, Matchups, Game 7\nWhile being shut out by Johnny Podres, the Yankees, meanwhile, scattered eight hits over the six innings in which they were not retired in order. They only mustered one hit with runners in scoring position, though, which ironically was a basehit awarded to Gil McDougald in the third inning, when Phil Rizzuto was hit by a groundball while running the bases. Instead of batting in Rizzuto for a 1\u20130 Yankees lead, McDougald was thus ruled out to end the inning. Psychologically this may have marked a turning point for the Dodgers, who had never beaten the Yankees in a World Series. Pitcher Carl Erskine saw this play as \"an omen\", as such unfortunate miscues had usually been \"the things that happened to us.\"", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 35], "content_span": [36, 746]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073187-0015-0000", "contents": "1955 World Series, Matchups, Game 7\nThe Yankees would have three more scoring opportunities against Podres: In the fourth inning, a lead-off double by Yogi Berra was wasted. Then, in the sixth inning, with runners on first and second and one out, left fielder Sandy Amor\u00f3s made a dramatic game-saving catch of a deep fly ball down the left field line off the bat of Yogi Berra to start a double play. Amor\u00f3s then threw to Pee Wee Reese and Reese relayed to Gil Hodges, who tagged Yankee Gil McDougald before McDougald could get back to first. This possibly stymied the Yankees' best chance of the day.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 35], "content_span": [36, 601]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073187-0016-0000", "contents": "1955 World Series, Matchups, Game 7\nThe Yankees would threaten Podres one last time, when McDougald couldn't bring a runner in from third with only one out, hitting a short flyball to rightfield, one inning before Elston Howard grounded out to Reese for the final out; the two shared the dubious record for playing in the most losing World Series (six each).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 35], "content_span": [36, 358]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073187-0017-0000", "contents": "1955 World Series, Matchups, Game 7\nThis would be the only time in Jackie Robinson's career when he did not play in his team's World Series game. Don Hoak replaced Robinson in the line-up, and played third base.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 35], "content_span": [36, 211]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073187-0018-0000", "contents": "1955 World Series, Matchups, Game 7\nFor the first time in Series history, an MVP was selected\u2014Johnny Podres, winning pitcher of Games\u00a03 and 7. He was 2\u20130, both wins being complete games including the series-clinching Game\u00a07 shutout, and had a 1.00 ERA.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 35], "content_span": [36, 252]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073187-0019-0000", "contents": "1955 World Series, Composite box\n1955 World Series (4\u20133): Brooklyn Dodgers (N.L.) over New York Yankees (A.L.)", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 32], "content_span": [33, 110]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073187-0020-0000", "contents": "1955 World Series, Legacy, References in popular culture\nIn her epistolary book (and later stage and film adaptations) 84 Charing Cross Road, the author Helene Hanff reveals herself to be a Brooklyn Dodgers fan and asks her correspondent Frank Doel (along with family) to pray for the Dodgers' fortunes in the series: (sic.) \u201cI shall be obliged if you will send Nora and the girls to church every Sunday for the next month to pray for the continued health and strength of the messrs. gilliam, reese, snider, campanella, robinson, hodges, furillo, podres, necombe and labine, collectively known as The Brooklyn Dodgers. If they lose this World Series I shall Do Myself In and then where will you be?\u201d", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 56], "content_span": [57, 699]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073187-0021-0000", "contents": "1955 World Series, Legacy, 50th Anniversary\nCommemorating the 50th anniversary of the franchise winning its first World Series (and only one while in Brooklyn), the Los Angeles Dodgers held a \"weekend celebration in August [of 2005 \u2026] for the 11 surviving members of the 1955\" team.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 43], "content_span": [44, 282]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073187-0022-0000", "contents": "1955 World Series, Legacy, 50th Anniversary\nThe weekend before the anniversary, an autograph session was held in Bensonhurst, Brooklyn, featuring Game 7 hero Johnny Podres and, interestingly, two Dodgers who were not on the 1955 team \u2014 Ralph Branca, who had left the club in 1953 before returning in 1956, and Joe Pignatano, who joined the Dodgers in 1957.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 43], "content_span": [44, 356]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073187-0023-0000", "contents": "1955 World Series, Legacy, 50th Anniversary\nNo official commemorative event, however, took place in Brooklyn on October 4, 2005 (the actual anniversary of the Dodgers' triumph), prompting author Thomas Oliphant to argue that \"on both coasts, we could have done a little bit better, especially for such an important memory.\"", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 43], "content_span": [44, 323]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073187-0024-0000", "contents": "1955 World Series, Legacy, 50th Anniversary\nThat being said, a small gathering of ten people took place at the site of Ebbets Field on October 4, 2005 \"at 3:43 pm, 50 years to the minute from when the Brooklyn Dodgers won their only World Series.\" Brooklyn Paper journalist Ed Shakespeare reported that \"[a]ll of the attendees came alone or in pairs, unaware of who else might attend\", describing the event as \"a sharing of memories from those who remembered.\"", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 43], "content_span": [44, 460]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073188-0000-0000", "contents": "1955 World Sportscar Championship\nThe 1955 World Sportscar Championship season was the third season of FIA World Sportscar Championship motor racing. It featured a series of six endurance races for sportscars, contested from 23 January to 16 October 1954.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [33, 33], "content_span": [34, 255]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073188-0001-0000", "contents": "1955 World Sportscar Championship\nThe championship was won by Mercedes-Benz, the German manufacturer ending the dominance of Ferrari which had won both of the previous World Sportscar Championship titles.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [33, 33], "content_span": [34, 204]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073188-0002-0000", "contents": "1955 World Sportscar Championship, Season summary\nThe 1955 World Sports Car Championship was contested over a six race series. With legendary races such as the Mille Miglia and the RAC Tourist Trophy now part of an international race calendar, they were accompanied by the 24 Hours of Le Mans and 12 Hours of Sebring. The championship started in January, with a trip to Argentina for the 1000 km Buenos Aires and ended with an event new to the championship, the legendary road race, the Targa Florio. As a result of the Le Mans disaster, both the 1000 km N\u00fcrburgring and the Carrera Panamericana were cancelled.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 49], "content_span": [50, 611]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073188-0003-0000", "contents": "1955 World Sportscar Championship, Season summary\nThe Championship was open for manufacturers, with works teams such as Scuderia Ferrari, Officine Alfieri Maserati, Daimler-Benz and Jaguar Cars leading the way, but the majority of the fields were made up of amateur or gentlemen drivers, often up against professional racing drivers with experience in Formula One.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 49], "content_span": [50, 364]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073188-0004-0000", "contents": "1955 World Sportscar Championship, Season summary\nClasses were split between closed cars (GT) and open cars (Sports), with further divisions due to engine displacement. The 1955 season was a very bittersweet one for Daimler-Benz, with their Mercedes-Benz 300 SLRs. After missing the opening two, non-European rounds, which allowed Ferrari to gain a 14-point head start on Mercedes, the German team joined the championship. Aided by an English journalist, Denis Jenkinson, Stirling Moss would romp to victory in the Mille Miglia.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 49], "content_span": [50, 528]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073188-0004-0001", "contents": "1955 World Sportscar Championship, Season summary\nHowever the elation achieved by this English pairing, would be quickly subdued at Le Mans a month later, when Pierre Levegh\u2019s 300 SLR would be launched into the air and into the crowd, killing more than 80 spectators. Daimler-Benz would withdraw from the race, and motor sport altogether at the end of the season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 49], "content_span": [50, 363]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073188-0005-0000", "contents": "1955 World Sportscar Championship, Season summary\nThis difficult decision would be made a little easier when Moss, and John Fitch drove to victory at the Dundrod Circuit, winning the RAC Tourist Trophy. This race was marred by the deaths of three drivers. The victory put Mercedes back in the hunt for the championship. The last race of the season, the Targa Florio, would see Moss win again, this time aided by Peter Collins, ensuring the manufacturers title was won by the German marque.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 49], "content_span": [50, 489]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073188-0006-0000", "contents": "1955 World Sportscar Championship, The cars\nThe following models contributed to the net championship point scores of their respective manufacturers.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 43], "content_span": [44, 148]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073189-0000-0000", "contents": "1955 World Table Tennis Championships\nThe 1955 World Table Tennis Championships were held in Utrecht from April 16 to April 24, 1955.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [37, 37], "content_span": [38, 133]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073190-0000-0000", "contents": "1955 World Table Tennis Championships \u2013 Men's Doubles\nThe 1955 World Table Tennis Championships \u2013 Men's Doubles was the 22nd edition of the men's doubles championship. Ivan Andreadis and Ladislav \u0160t\u00edpek won the title after defeating \u017darko Dolinar and Vilim Harangozo in the final by three sets to nil.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 53], "section_span": [53, 53], "content_span": [54, 301]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073191-0000-0000", "contents": "1955 World Table Tennis Championships \u2013 Men's Singles\nThe 1955 World Table Tennis Championships \u2013 Men's Singles was the 22nd edition of the men's singles championship.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 53], "section_span": [53, 53], "content_span": [54, 167]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073191-0001-0000", "contents": "1955 World Table Tennis Championships \u2013 Men's Singles\nToshiaki Tanaka defeated \u017darko Dolinar in the final, winning three sets to nil to secure the title.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 53], "section_span": [53, 53], "content_span": [54, 153]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073192-0000-0000", "contents": "1955 World Table Tennis Championships \u2013 Men's Team\nThe 1955 World Table Tennis Championships \u2013 Swaythling Cup (Men's Team) was the 22nd edition of the men's team championship.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 50], "section_span": [50, 50], "content_span": [51, 175]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073192-0001-0000", "contents": "1955 World Table Tennis Championships \u2013 Men's Team\nJapan won the gold medal defeating Czechoslovakia 5-3 in the final. England and Hungary won bronze medals after being defeated in the semi finals.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 50], "section_span": [50, 50], "content_span": [51, 197]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073193-0000-0000", "contents": "1955 World Table Tennis Championships \u2013 Mixed Doubles\nThe 1955 World Table Tennis Championships \u2013 Mixed Doubles was the 22nd edition of the mixed doubles championship.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 53], "section_span": [53, 53], "content_span": [54, 167]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073193-0001-0000", "contents": "1955 World Table Tennis Championships \u2013 Mixed Doubles\nK\u00e1lm\u00e1n Szepesi and \u00c9va K\u00f3czi\u00e1n defeated Aubrey Simons and Helen Elliot in the final by three sets to two.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 53], "section_span": [53, 53], "content_span": [54, 159]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073194-0000-0000", "contents": "1955 World Table Tennis Championships \u2013 Women's Doubles\nThe 1955 World Table Tennis Championships \u2013 Women's Doubles was the 21st edition of the women's doubles championship. Ella Zeller and Angelica Rozeanu defeated Diane Rowe and Rosalind Rowe in the final by three sets to two.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 55], "section_span": [55, 55], "content_span": [56, 279]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073195-0000-0000", "contents": "1955 World Table Tennis Championships \u2013 Women's Singles\nThe 1955 World Table Tennis Championships \u2013 Women's Singles was the 22nd edition of the women's singles championship. Angelica Rozeanu defeated Ermelinde Rumpler-Wertl in the final by three sets to nil, to win a sixth consecutive title.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 55], "section_span": [55, 55], "content_span": [56, 292]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073196-0000-0000", "contents": "1955 World Table Tennis Championships \u2013 Women's Team\nThe 1955 World Table Tennis Championships \u2013 Corbillon Cup (Women's Team) was the 15th edition of the women's team championship.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 52], "section_span": [52, 52], "content_span": [53, 180]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073196-0001-0000", "contents": "1955 World Table Tennis Championships \u2013 Women's Team\nRomania won the gold medal after finishing top of the final group. Japan won the silver medal and England won the bronze medal.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 52], "section_span": [52, 52], "content_span": [53, 180]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073197-0000-0000", "contents": "1955 World Weightlifting Championships\nThe 1955 Men's World Weightlifting Championships were held in Munich, West Germany, from October 12 to October 16, 1955. There were 108 men in action from 25 nations.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [38, 38], "content_span": [39, 205]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073198-0000-0000", "contents": "1955 World Wrestling Championships\nThe 1955 World Greco-Roman Wrestling Championships were held in Karlsruhe, West Germany.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [34, 34], "content_span": [35, 123]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073199-0000-0000", "contents": "1955 Wrexham by-election\nThe Wrexham by-election, 1955 was a by-election held on 17 March 1955 for the British House of Commons constituency of Wrexham in Denbighshire, Wales.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [24, 24], "content_span": [25, 175]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073199-0001-0000", "contents": "1955 Wrexham by-election\nThe by-election was caused by the death of the town's Labour Party Member of Parliament (MP) Robert Richards, who had held the seat since the 1935 general election.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [24, 24], "content_span": [25, 189]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073199-0002-0000", "contents": "1955 Wrexham by-election\nThe result was a victory for the Labour candidate James Idwal Jones, who held the seat with a majority of nearly 11,000 votes.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [24, 24], "content_span": [25, 151]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073200-0000-0000", "contents": "1955 Wyoming Cowboys football team\nThe 1955 Wyoming Cowboys football team represented the University of Wyoming in the 1955 college football season. It was the Cowboys' 60th season and they competed as a member of the Skyline Conference. The team was led by head coach Phil Dickens, in his third year, and played their home games at War Memorial Stadium in Laramie, Wyoming. They finished with a record of eight wins and three losses (8\u20133, 5\u20132 Skyline) and with a win over Texas Tech in the 1956 Sun Bowl. The Cowboys offense scored 225 points, while the defense allowed 137 points.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [34, 34], "content_span": [35, 582]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073201-0000-0000", "contents": "1955 Xavier Musketeers football team\nThe 1955 Xavier Musketeers football team was an American football team that represented Xavier University as an independent during the 1955 college football season. In its first season under head coach Harry W. Connelly, the team compiled a 7\u20132 record and outscored opponents by a total of 196 to 72. The team played its home games at Xavier Stadium in Cincinnati.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [36, 36], "content_span": [37, 401]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073202-0000-0000", "contents": "1955 Yale Bulldogs football team\nThe 1955 Yale Bulldogs football team represented Yale University in the 1955 college football season. The Bulldogs were led by fourth-year head coach Jordan Olivar, played their home games at the Yale Bowl and finished the season with a 7\u20132 record.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [32, 32], "content_span": [33, 281]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073202-0001-0000", "contents": "1955 Yale Bulldogs football team\nThis would be Yale's final year as a football independent, as the Ivy League, which Yale had helped co-found in 1954, began football competition in 1956. Six of the nine opponents on the Bulldogs' 1955 schedule were Ivy League members (with Penn the only Ivy not scheduled); for decades, (future) Ivy members had comprised a large portion of Yale's opponents.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [32, 32], "content_span": [33, 392]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073203-0000-0000", "contents": "1955 Yugoslav Cup\nThe 1955 Yugoslav Cup was the 9th season of the top football knockout competition in SFR Yugoslavia, the Yugoslav Cup (Serbo-Croatian: Kup Jugoslavije), also known as the \"Marshal Tito Cup\" (Kup Mar\u0161ala Tita), since its establishment in 1946.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [17, 17], "content_span": [18, 260]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073203-0001-0000", "contents": "1955 Yugoslav Cup, Round of 16\nIn the following tables winning teams are marked in bold; teams from outside top level are marked in italic script.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 30], "content_span": [31, 146]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073204-0000-0000", "contents": "1955 Yugoslav First Basketball League\nThe 1955 Yugoslav First Basketball League season is the 11th season of the Yugoslav First Basketball League, the highest professional basketball league in SFR Yugoslavia.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [37, 37], "content_span": [38, 208]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073205-0000-0000", "contents": "1955 Yukon general election\nThe 1955 Yukon general election was held on 28 September 1955 to elect the five members of the Yukon Territorial Council. The council was non-partisan and had merely an advisory role to the federally appointed Commissioner.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [27, 27], "content_span": [28, 251]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073206-0000-0000", "contents": "1955 Yuzha earthquake\nThe 1955 Yuzha earthquake (1955\u5e74\u9c7c\u9c8a\u5730\u9707) occurred on September 23, 1955, at 15:06 UTC (23:06 local time). The epicenter was located in the area around Lazha (\u62c9\u9c8a), Dalongtan (\u5927\u9f99\u6f6d) Township, Renhe District, Panzhihua and Yuzha (\u9c7c\u9c8a) Township, Huili County. Lazha then belonged to Yongren County, Yunnan and now within Sichuan. Yuzha then belonged to Huili County, Sichuan as it still does. The earthquake had a magnitude of Ms 6.8.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [21, 21], "content_span": [22, 447]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073206-0001-0000", "contents": "1955 Yuzha earthquake\n728 people were reported dead and 1547 injured in the earthquake. More than 15000 rooms collapsed. Eight people died and seven houses collapsed in the Xigeda (\u6614\u683c\u8fbe) Village. Cracks ranging from 10 to 70\u00a0cm in width and 100 to 1,500 m in length occurred on hillsides and ridges. Landslides were observed along both banks of the Jinsha River. Many villages on both banks of the Jinsha River were destroyed. Rivers and springs dried up, and many new springs appeared. Changes of water level in wells and ditches were reported.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [21, 21], "content_span": [22, 544]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073206-0001-0001", "contents": "1955 Yuzha earthquake\nMany villages on both banks of the Jinsha River were destroyed. Along the Jinsha River and its surrounding gullies, large quantities of rocks broke, fell, and dammed up the gullies. In the Jinsha River, waves surged 1 m high. The maximum intensity reached MM IX. The shaking could be felt as far as about 400\u00a0km away.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [21, 21], "content_span": [22, 339]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073206-0002-0000", "contents": "1955 Yuzha earthquake\nThe Xigeda-Yuanmou fault (\u6614\u683c\u8fbe\u2014\u5143\u8c0b\u65ad\u88c2\u5e26), about 270\u00a0km long, is the seismogenic structure of this earthquake. From the distribution of the isoseismals of this earthquake, it was suggested that there is a three-layered structure. There is a rupture layer, and there are two complete rock layers located in both sides of the rupture layer. The rupture layer is the place where the stress was concentrated and released and has the role of reflecting the seismic wave propagation.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [21, 21], "content_span": [22, 494]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073207-0000-0000", "contents": "1955 college football season\nThe 1955 college football season saw the Oklahoma Sooners win the national championship after going 10\u20130\u20130. Although the final poll was taken before the postseason bowl games, Oklahoma played against the nation's other unbeaten and untied (10\u20130\u20130) team, the Maryland Terrapins, at the Orange Bowl in Miami, and won 20\u20136.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [28, 28], "content_span": [29, 349]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073207-0001-0000", "contents": "1955 college football season\nDuring the 20th century, the NCAA had no playoff for the college football teams that would later be described as \"Division I-A\". The NCAA did recognize a national champion based upon the final results of \"wire service\" (AP and UPI) polls. The extent of that recognition came in the form of acknowledgment in the annual NCAA Football Guide of the \"unofficial\" national champions. The AP poll in 1955 consisted of the votes of as many as 391 sportswriters. Though not all writers voted in every poll, each would give their opinion of the twenty best teams.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [28, 28], "content_span": [29, 583]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073207-0001-0001", "contents": "1955 college football season\nUnder a point system of 20 points for first place, 19 for second, etc., the \"overall\" ranking was determined. Although the rankings were based on the collective opinion of the representative sportswriters, the teams that remained \"unbeaten and untied\" were generally ranked higher than those that had not. A defeat, even against a strong opponent, tended to cause a team to drop in the rankings, and a team with two or more defeats was unlikely to remain in the Top 20. Generally, the top teams played on New Year's Day in the four major postseason bowl games: the Rose Bowl (near Los Angeles at Pasadena), the Sugar Bowl (New Orleans), the Orange Bowl (Miami), and the Cotton Bowl (Dallas).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [28, 28], "content_span": [29, 720]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073207-0002-0000", "contents": "1955 college football season, September\nIn the preseason poll released on September 12, 1955, the UCLA Bruins, 1954's co champions, received 33 first place votes, while Oklahoma had 32. Michigan had 34 votes, but the third most points overall. Other teams nominated for the top spot were defending champ Ohio State, Maryland, Notre Dame, Navy, Miami, Georgia Tech, Iowa, USC, Duke, West Virginia, and Purdue. As the regular season progressed, a new poll would be issued on the Monday following the weekend's games. The preseason Top Five was 1.UCLA 2.Oklahoma 3.Michigan 4.Ohio State 5.Maryland.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 39], "content_span": [40, 595]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073207-0003-0000", "contents": "1955 college football season, September\nOn Friday, September 16, No. 1 UCLA opened in Los Angeles with a 21\u20130 win over visiting Texas A&M. September 17, Oklahoma, Michigan and Ohio State were idle, but No. 5 Maryland edged Missouri on the road, 13\u201312. No. 10 Georgia Tech, which had beaten No. 9 Miami 14\u20136 in Atlanta, rose to 2nd place in the next poll: 1.UCLA 2.Georgia Tech 3.Oklahoma 4.Michigan 5.Maryland.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 39], "content_span": [40, 410]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073207-0004-0000", "contents": "1955 college football season, September\nOn September 24, No. 1 UCLA and No. 5 Maryland met at College Park, before a record crowd. UCLA's Doug Peters plunged into the end zone in the first half, but fumbled the ball before crossing the goal line. In the second half, the home team Terrapins had the ball 17 yards from goal, on fourth down. Rather than kicking a field goal, Ed Vereb ran for the winning touchdown, giving Maryland a 7\u20130 win.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 39], "content_span": [40, 440]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073207-0005-0000", "contents": "1955 college football season, September\nNo. 2 Georgia Tech won at No. 15 Florida, 14\u20137. No. 3 Oklahoma won at North Carolina 13\u20136. No. 4 Michigan beat Missouri 42\u20137. Maryland took over the top spot, while UCLA fell to 7th. No. 11 Notre Dame, which had beaten SMU 17\u20130, moved into the Top 5: 1.Maryland 2.Michigan 3. Georgia Tech 4.Notre Dame 5.Oklahoma.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 39], "content_span": [40, 353]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073207-0006-0000", "contents": "1955 college football season, October\nOctober 1, No. 1 Maryland won 20\u20136 at No. 20 Baylor in Texas. No. 2 Michigan beat Michigan State 14\u20137 before a crowd of 97,239 at home in Ann Arbor. MSU had tied the score 7\u20137 after an errant punt by Michigan gave them the ball 39 yards from goal. Minutes later, Earl Morrall's punt was blocked to give Michigan the ball on the MSU 21, from which the winning score was made. No. 3 Georgia Tech beat SMU 20\u20137 in Atlanta. No. 4 Notre Dame defeated Indiana 19\u20130. No. 5 Oklahoma beat No. 12 Pittsburgh 26\u201314, marking its 21st consecutive win, and new record. The poll: 1.Maryland 2.Michigan 3.Oklahoma 4. Georgia Tech 5.Notre Dame", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 37], "content_span": [38, 664]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073207-0007-0000", "contents": "1955 college football season, October\nOctober 8No. 1 Maryland beat Wake Forest 28\u20137, and No. 2 Michigan defeated visiting No. 6 Army, 26\u20132. Both stayed unbeaten, but Michigan took the top spot in the next poll. No. 3 Oklahoma defeated Texas 20\u20130 in Dallas. No. 4 Georgia Tech won 7\u20130 at LSU. No. 5 Notre Dame won 14\u20130 at No. 15 Miami, with both touchdowns coming on fourth down passes from Paul Hornung, before an Orange Bowl record crowd of 75,685. In a game that would decide the Pac-8 title, UCLA beat Oregon State 38\u20130. The poll: 1.Michigan 2.Maryland 3.Oklahoma 4.Notre Dame 5.Georgia Tech", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 37], "content_span": [38, 594]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073207-0008-0000", "contents": "1955 college football season, October\nOctober 15 No. 1 Michigan defeated Northwestern, 14\u20132. No. 2 Maryland won at North Carolina, 25\u20137. No. 3 Oklahoma beat Kansas 44\u20136. However, No. 5 Georgia Tech lost to visiting  No. 17 Auburn 14\u201312, and No. 4 Notre Dame lost 21\u20137 when it hosted No. 13 Michigan State. They dropped from the top five and were replaced by No. 8 Navy (which had won 34\u201314 at Penn State) and No. 11 Duke (which had won at No. 14 Ohio State, 20\u201314). The poll: 1.Michigan 2.Maryland 3.Oklahoma 4.Navy 5.Duke", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 37], "content_span": [38, 522]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073207-0009-0000", "contents": "1955 college football season, October\nOctober 22 In Minneapolis No. 1 Michigan faced a 1\u20133\u20130 Minnesota team, and was stunned when the Gophers racked up two touchdowns in the first quarter. Michigan's Terry Barr blocked the extra point attempt on the second touchdown, but the nation's No. 1 team was losing 13\u20130. Still down 13\u20137 at the half, the Wolverines fought back. Jim Van Pelt passed to Tom Maentz for a touchdown, and Van Pelt added the extra point to save Michigan, 14\u201313. Minnesota would go on to a 3\u20136\u20130 finish.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 37], "content_span": [38, 521]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073207-0009-0001", "contents": "1955 college football season, October\nMeanwhile, No. 2 Maryland won more convincingly at Syracuse, 34\u201313, to regain the top spot. No. 3 Oklahoma beat No. 14 Colorado, 56\u201321. No. 4 Navy won at Penn, 33\u20130. No. 5 Duke lost to Pitt, 26\u20137, and was replaced in the top five by No. 6 Michigan State, which beat Illinois 21\u20137.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 37], "content_span": [38, 318]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073207-0010-0000", "contents": "1955 college football season, October\nOctober 29 Back at the top, No. 1 Maryland beat South Carolina 27\u20130, while No. 2 Oklahoma won at Kansas State, 40\u20137. No. 3 Michigan beat Iowa 33\u201321. No. 4 Navy lost at No. 9 Notre Dame, 21\u20137. No. 5 Michigan State won at Wisconsin, 27\u20130. UCLA returned to the Top Five from No. 6after a 47\u20130 win over California.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 37], "content_span": [38, 348]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073207-0011-0000", "contents": "1955 college football season, November\nNovember 5 As both stayed undefeated, No. 1 Maryland beat LSU 13\u20130 and No. 2 Oklahoma won at Missouri, 20\u20130. No. 3 Michigan lost at Illinois 25\u20136, while No. 4 Michigan State won at Purdue, 27\u20130. No. 5 UCLA won at Pacific, 34\u20130. No. 6 Notre Dame, which had won at Penn 46\u201314, returned to the top 5.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 38], "content_span": [39, 336]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073207-0012-0000", "contents": "1955 college football season, November\nNovember 12 Back at No. 1, Oklahoma beat Iowa State 52\u20130. No. 2 Maryland won at Clemson, 25\u201312. No. 3 Michigan State beat Minnesota 42\u201314. No. 4 UCLA was trailing Washington 17\u201316 in the closing seconds of a game, but Jim Decker kicked a field goal for a 19\u201317 victory. No. 5 Notre Dame won at North Carolina, 27\u20137. The poll: 1.Oklahoma 2.Maryland 3.Michigan State 4.Notre Dame 5.UCLA", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 38], "content_span": [39, 423]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073207-0013-0000", "contents": "1955 college football season, November\nNovember 19 Although No. 1 Oklahoma was 8\u20130\u20130 and host Nebraska was 5\u20134\u20130, both had 5\u20130\u20130 records in Big 7 conference play when they met at Lincoln. The Sooners rolled, 41\u20130, to get the Orange Bowl bid. No. 2 Maryland closed its season with a 19\u20130 win over George Washington University and accepted the invitation to meet Oklahoma, but what would have been a No. 1 vs. No. 2 meeting changed when the Terrapins were rated third by the AP voters.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 38], "content_span": [39, 483]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073207-0013-0001", "contents": "1955 college football season, November\nNo. 3 Michigan State, which had a 5\u20131 record in Big Ten play, beat Marquette 33\u20130 in a non-conference game; Michigan's 17\u20130 loss to Ohio State gave it a 5\u20132 mark. Ohio State had the better record in the Big Ten, 6\u20130 overall, but had gone to the Rose Bowl the year before, so MSU got the bid, where it would face No. 5 UCLA, which beat USC 17\u20137. No. 4 Notre Dame beat Iowa 17\u201314. Though Maryland, like Oklahoma, was unbeaten, the voters put once-beaten Michigan State in the second spot instead. The poll: 1.Oklahoma 2.Michigan State 3.Maryland 4.UCLA 5.Notre Dame. On November 26, No. 5 Notre Dame lost in Los Angeles to USC, 42\u201320, and dropped to 6th in the final AP poll, where it would be replaced by Ohio State. The other Top Five teams had finished their seasons.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 38], "content_span": [39, 807]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073207-0014-0000", "contents": "1955 college football season, Rankings, Final AP Poll\nThe final rankings were made on November 28, after the regular season and without consideration of the postseason bowl games:", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 53], "content_span": [54, 179]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073207-0015-0000", "contents": "1955 college football season, Other champions, Orange Blossom Classic\nPrior to the integration of sports teams, Miami Orange Bowl stadium hosted the New Year's Day game of the same name, and a December game for historically black colleges, the Orange Blossom Classic. Grambling State (9\u20130\u20130) and Florida A & M University (8\u20130\u20131) met to determine the best Negro college football team in the nation, with Grambling winning 28\u201321.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 69], "content_span": [70, 427]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073207-0016-0000", "contents": "1955 college football season, Other champions, Undefeated programs\nMiami University (Ohio) finished 9\u20130\u20130, as did Southeast Missouri State University, Heidelberg College, Hillsdale College, College of Emporia, Maryland State College and Whitworth College. Northern State Teachers College* of South Dakota went 9\u20130\u20130, and then lost to Kearney Teachers College in the \"Botany Bowl\", 34\u201313, played in Shenandoah, Iowa, on Thanksgiving Day.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 66], "content_span": [67, 436]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073207-0017-0000", "contents": "1955 college football season, Other champions, Undefeated programs\nColleges that went 8\u20130\u20130 were Alfred University, Drexel University, Albany State College, Centre College, Coe College, Parsons College, Juniata College, Muskingum College, Shepherd College, and Stevens Point College. (7). Trinity College (Connecticut) went 7\u20130\u20130.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 66], "content_span": [67, 330]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073208-0000-0000", "contents": "1955 doubled die cent\nThe 1955 doubled die cent is a die variety that occurred during production of the one cent coin at the United States Mint in 1955.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [21, 21], "content_span": [22, 152]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073208-0001-0000", "contents": "1955 doubled die cent, Origins\nWhen a modern coin die is created, it is struck from a working hub, which places the incuse image onto the die that will subsequently be used to strike coins. Normally, this requires multiple blows. In 1955, one of the working obverse dies at the Philadelphia Mint was misaligned on the second blow from the working hub, thus resulting in a doubled image. Due to the manner in which this hubbing was carried out, it most noticeably affected the date and inscriptions, with very little doubling (albeit noticeable loss of detail) visible on the bust of Lincoln. These doubled features were visible on all of the coins struck from this die. It is estimated that 40,000 of these coins were minted, all during one night shift at the Philadelphia Mint. Roughly 20,000-24,000 of the pennies were introduced into circulation after the minting error.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [23, 30], "content_span": [31, 873]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073208-0002-0000", "contents": "1955 doubled die cent, Origins\nThe 1955 doubled die is one of the most famous die varieties in US coinage. Very few exist today in totally mint condition, as almost all were discovered while in circulation. Over the years, many counterfeits of this coin have surfaced. It is advised for collectors to seek expert opinion before purchasing one of these coins if it has not been certified by one of the top numismatic certification companies.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [23, 30], "content_span": [31, 440]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073208-0003-0000", "contents": "1955 doubled die cent, Origins\nA seemingly similar variety to the 1955 doubled die is the so-called 1955 \"Poor Man's Doubled Die\" cent, created by die deterioration doubling. It is caused when the design on a worn die becomes eroded and distorted, causing part of the design (such as the final digit of the date) to appear doubled. It is much more common than the actual doubled die, and as such it sells for only a few dollars.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [23, 30], "content_span": [31, 428]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073208-0004-0000", "contents": "1955 doubled die cent, In popular culture\nA \"1955 doubled die Denver mint penny\" was a plot device in the American movie UHF; when a rich man cruelly gives a penny to a beggar, the beggar realizes its value and uses the money earned from trading it in to save a local TV station that the rich man was hoping to buy out. Although the Denver mint did produce some doubled die pennies in 1955, the doubling is not nearly as noticeable as the more famous Pennsylvania variety.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [23, 41], "content_span": [42, 472]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073208-0005-0000", "contents": "1955 doubled die cent, In popular culture\nThe coin is mentioned in the 2010 Stephen King novella A Good Marriage.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [23, 41], "content_span": [42, 113]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073209-0000-0000", "contents": "1955 elections in India, Legislative Assembly elections\nLegislative Assembly elections in India were conducted for Andhra State Legislative Assembly in 1955. In Andhra State, Indian National Congress won an absolute majority.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 55], "content_span": [56, 225]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073209-0001-0000", "contents": "1955 elections in India, Legislative Assembly elections, Andhra State*\n*\u00a0: On 1 October 1953, a separate Andhra State, consisting of the Telugu-speaking areas of the composite Madras State, with 167 constituencies with 190 seats in the Assembly, was formed. On 1 November 1956, Andhra State was merged with Hyderabad State under States Reorganisation Act, 1956, to form a single state, Andhra Pradesh. The  districts of Raichur, Gulbarga and the Marathwada district were detached from the Hyderabad State, while merging with Andhra State.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 70], "content_span": [71, 538]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073209-0001-0001", "contents": "1955 elections in India, Legislative Assembly elections, Andhra State*\nIn addition, the Siruguppa taluk, the Bellary taluk, the Hospet taluk and a small area of the Mallapuram sub-taluk were transferred from Mysore State to Andhra Pradesh. The districts of Raichur and Gulbarga were transferred to the Mysore State, while the Marathwada district was transferred to the Bombay State. This resulted in re-organization of assembly constituencies of Andhra Pradesh giving way to 85 constituencies with 105 seats in the assembly.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 70], "content_span": [71, 524]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073210-0000-0000", "contents": "1955 in Afghanistan\nThe following lists events that happened during 1955 in Afghanistan.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [19, 19], "content_span": [20, 88]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073210-0001-0000", "contents": "1955 in Afghanistan\nPakistan-Afghan relations remain marred by the continued support given by the Kabul government to the Pashtun (or Pakhtun) people of the former North-West Frontier Province of Pakistan in their demand for self-determination. The Kabul government does not recognize the 1893 Durand Line as the Afghan-Pakistani international frontier.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [19, 19], "content_span": [20, 353]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073210-0002-0000", "contents": "1955 in Afghanistan, March 29, 1955\nThe prime minister broadcasts a speech over Kabul radio which amounts to open incitement of the Afghan people against Pakistan. This speech is followed in the course of the next two days by demonstrations in Kabul, Kandahar, and Jalalabad during which Pakistani missions are wrecked and looted and Pakistani flags are pulled down. The government of Pakistan is, therefore, compelled to close its diplomatic and consular missions and withdraw their staffs.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [21, 35], "content_span": [36, 491]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073210-0002-0001", "contents": "1955 in Afghanistan, March 29, 1955\nA \"general mobilization\" of Afghan armed forces is ordered in Kabul at the beginning of May, in reply to which Gen. Mohammad Ayub Khan, Pakistani Minister of Defense and Commander-in-Chief, comments that if any inroads are made into Pakistan territory Afghanistan will be taught a lesson to be remembered for life. Attik Khan Rafik, Afghan minister to Karachi, is recalled to Kabul. Mikhail V. Degtyar, Soviet ambassador to Kabul, is reported to have promised Afghanistan \"total military aid\" in the event of Pakistani aggression.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [21, 35], "content_span": [36, 566]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073210-0002-0002", "contents": "1955 in Afghanistan, March 29, 1955\nThis acute tension results in offers of mediation by Islamic powers, but Gen. Iskandar Mirza, Pakistani Minister of the Interior, makes it clear that his country will maintain the Durand Line. On June 30, when opening the session of the Afghan National Assembly, King Zahir pledges his country's support for the idea of an autonomous Pashtunistan.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [21, 35], "content_span": [36, 383]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073210-0003-0000", "contents": "1955 in Afghanistan, September 13, 1955\nThe Afghan foreign minister, Mohammad Naim Khan, rehoists the Pakistan flag on the Pakistani embassy in Kabul with full ceremonial honours and in the presence of Col. A.S.B. Shah, the Pakistani ambassador. Chaudhry Mohammad Ali, the Pakistani premier, says on September 15, in the Constituent Assembly, that relations between the two countries have taken a turn for the better. This improvement, however, does not continue for long. On September 30, the Pakistani Constituent Assembly passes a bill merging western Pakistan into a single province, and the Afghan government protests against this violation of the rights and wishes of the Pashtun people. Attik Khan Rafik is again recalled from Karachi (October).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [21, 39], "content_span": [40, 752]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073210-0004-0000", "contents": "1955 in Afghanistan, Beginning of November 1955\nA few thousand armed Afghan tribesmen enter Pakistan along a 160-km stretch of frontier about 480\u00a0km northeast of Quetta. A Pakistani army spokesman says that militarily there is no threat in the presence of these tribesmen. He adds, however, that there is evidence that this so-called invasion was inspired by Kabul with the moral and material support of the U.S.S.R. and India. The Afghan ambassador to Cairo, Salaheddin Salgooky, declares that his country will seek Soviet or Czechoslovakian arms if the West fails to supply them.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [21, 47], "content_span": [48, 581]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073210-0005-0000", "contents": "1955 in Afghanistan, December 18, 1955\nDuring the visit to Kabul of Nikolai Bulganin, the Soviet premier, and Nikita Khrushchev, first secretary of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union, a protocol is signed extending for ten years the Soviet-Afghan treaty of neutrality and nonaggression of 1931. On the same day it is announced that the USSR grants to Afghanistan a 30-year credit of $100,000,000 at an annual rate of interest of 2%.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [21, 38], "content_span": [39, 437]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073212-0000-0000", "contents": "1955 in Australia\nThe following lists events that happened during 1955 in Australia.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [17, 17], "content_span": [18, 84]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073213-0000-0000", "contents": "1955 in Australian literature\nThis article presents a list of the historical events and publications of Australian literature during 1955.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [29, 29], "content_span": [30, 138]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073213-0001-0000", "contents": "1955 in Australian literature, Births\nA list, ordered by date of birth (and, if the date is either unspecified or repeated, ordered alphabetically by surname) of births in 1955 of Australian literary figures, authors of written works or literature-related individuals follows, including year of death.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 37], "content_span": [38, 301]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073213-0002-0000", "contents": "1955 in Australian literature, Deaths\nA list, ordered by date of death (and, if the date is either unspecified or repeated, ordered alphabetically by surname) of deaths in 1955 of Australian literary figures, authors of written works or literature-related individuals follows, including year of birth.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 37], "content_span": [38, 301]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073214-0000-0000", "contents": "1955 in Belgian television\nThis is a list of Belgian television related events from 1955.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [26, 26], "content_span": [27, 89]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073217-0000-0000", "contents": "1955 in Brazilian football\nThe following article presents a summary of the 1955 football (soccer) season in Brazil, which was the 54th season of competitive football in the country.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [26, 26], "content_span": [27, 181]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073217-0001-0000", "contents": "1955 in Brazilian football, State championship champions\n(1)Goytacaz won a competition named Supercampeonato (Superchampionship), which was an extra tournament.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [28, 56], "content_span": [57, 160]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073217-0002-0000", "contents": "1955 in Brazilian football, Brazil national team\nThe following table lists all the games played by the Brazil national football team in official competitions and friendly matches during 1955.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [28, 48], "content_span": [49, 191]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073218-0000-0000", "contents": "1955 in British music\nThis is a summary of 1955 in music of all genres in the United Kingdom.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [21, 21], "content_span": [22, 93]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073219-0000-0000", "contents": "1955 in British radio\nThis is a list of events from British radio in 1955.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [21, 21], "content_span": [22, 74]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073220-0000-0000", "contents": "1955 in British television\nThis is a list of British television related events from 1955.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [26, 26], "content_span": [27, 89]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073222-0000-0000", "contents": "1955 in Canada, Births, July to December\nOctober 30-Metis and Reform Member of Parliament (MP) James A. Hart was born in Edmonton, Alberta", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [16, 40], "content_span": [41, 138]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073223-0000-0000", "contents": "1955 in Canadian football\nThe Edmonton Eskimos defeat the Montreal Alouettes in the first Grey Cup held in the west.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [25, 25], "content_span": [26, 116]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073223-0001-0000", "contents": "1955 in Canadian football, Canadian Football News in 1955\nFor 45 years the Grey Cup classic was an event held exclusively in the province of Ontario, with the one exception in 1931 when the game was staged in Montreal. This all changed in 1955 when the game was awarded to Vancouver, B.C. The then largest crowd in the history of organized team sports in Canada packed Empire Stadium to witness the Edmonton Eskimos defeat the Montreal Alouettes. The 39,417 in attendance remained a Grey Cup record until 1976.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [27, 57], "content_span": [58, 510]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073223-0002-0000", "contents": "1955 in Canadian football, Canadian Football News in 1955\nThe Interprovincial Rugby Football Union (IRFU) allowed the third place team to qualify for a playoff berth. The Grey Cup had a gross revenue of $198,000.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [27, 57], "content_span": [58, 212]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073223-0003-0000", "contents": "1955 in Canadian football, Canadian Football News in 1955\nIn January 1955, the Western Interprovincial Football Union (WIFU) announced that a playoff game with the Ontario Rugby Football Union (ORFU) was no longer desired. The WIFU and IRFU both scheduled their games so as not to leave an open date for the traditional game with the ORFU. At the March meeting of the CRU, the ORFU withdrew from Grey Cup competition for 1955. 1955 became the first year that only the IRFU and the WIFU competed for the Grey Cup.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [27, 57], "content_span": [58, 512]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073223-0004-0000", "contents": "1955 in Canadian football, Canadian Football News in 1955\nMontreal's Tex Coulter became the first player to win the Most Outstanding Lineman Award.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [27, 57], "content_span": [58, 147]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073223-0005-0000", "contents": "1955 in Canadian football, Regular season, Final regular season standings\nNote: GP = Games Played, W = Wins, L = Losses, T = Ties, PF = Points For, PA = Points Against, Pts = Points", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [27, 73], "content_span": [74, 181]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073223-0006-0000", "contents": "1955 in Canadian football, Grey Cup Championship\n43rd Annual Grey Cup Game: Empire Stadium \u2013 Vancouver, British Columbia", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [27, 48], "content_span": [49, 120]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073223-0007-0000", "contents": "1955 in Canadian football, 1955 Eastern (Interprovincial Rugby Football Union) All-Stars, Defence\nNOTE: The following players were selected to the All-Star team as replacements for players who would have had to play both ways in the Shrine Game (denoted with an *):", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [27, 97], "content_span": [98, 265]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073223-0008-0000", "contents": "1955 in Canadian football, 1955 Western (Western Interprovincial Football Union) All-Stars, Defence\nNOTE: The following players were selected to the All-Star team as replacements for players who would have had to play both ways, or were injured, in the Shrine Game (denoted with an *):", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [27, 99], "content_span": [100, 285]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073223-0009-0000", "contents": "1955 in Canadian football, 1955 Ontario Rugby Football Union All-Stars\nNOTE: During this time most players played both ways, so the All-Star selections do not distinguish between some offensive and defensive positions.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [27, 70], "content_span": [71, 218]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073224-0000-0000", "contents": "1955 in Canadian television\nThis is a list of Canadian television-related events in 1955.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [27, 27], "content_span": [28, 89]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073225-0000-0000", "contents": "1955 in Cape Verde\nThe following lists events that happened during 1955 in Cape Verde.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 18], "section_span": [18, 18], "content_span": [19, 86]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073226-0000-0000", "contents": "1955 in Chile\nThe following lists events that happened during 1955 in Chile.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 13], "section_span": [13, 13], "content_span": [14, 76]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073227-0000-0000", "contents": "1955 in China\nEvents in the year 1955 in China. The country had an estimated population of 605 million people.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 13], "section_span": [13, 13], "content_span": [14, 110]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073228-0000-0000", "contents": "1955 in Danish television\nThis is a list of Danish television related events from 1955.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [25, 25], "content_span": [26, 87]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073228-0001-0000", "contents": "1955 in Danish television, Deaths\nThis Danish television-related article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by .", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [27, 33], "content_span": [34, 111]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073230-0000-0000", "contents": "1955 in Dutch television\nThis is a list of Dutch television related events from 1955.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [24, 24], "content_span": [25, 85]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073231-0000-0000", "contents": "1955 in Estonia\nThis article lists events that occurred during 1955 in Estonia.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 15], "section_span": [15, 15], "content_span": [16, 79]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073232-0000-0000", "contents": "1955 in Estonian television\nThis is a list of Estonian television related events from 1955.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [27, 27], "content_span": [28, 91]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073235-0000-0000", "contents": "1955 in French television\nThis is a list of French television related events from 1955.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [25, 25], "content_span": [26, 87]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073236-0000-0000", "contents": "1955 in German television\nThis is a list of German television related events from 1955.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [25, 25], "content_span": [26, 87]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073238-0000-0000", "contents": "1955 in Iceland\nThe following lists events that happened in 1955 in Iceland.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 15], "section_span": [15, 15], "content_span": [16, 76]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073239-0000-0000", "contents": "1955 in India\nEvents in the year 1955 in the Republic of India.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 13], "section_span": [13, 13], "content_span": [14, 63]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073243-0000-0000", "contents": "1955 in Italian television\nThis is a list of Italian television related events from 1955.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [26, 26], "content_span": [27, 89]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073246-0000-0000", "contents": "1955 in Laos\nThe following lists events that happened during 1955 in Laos.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 12], "section_span": [12, 12], "content_span": [13, 74]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073247-0000-0000", "contents": "1955 in Libya\nThe following lists events that happened in 1955 in Libya.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 13], "section_span": [13, 13], "content_span": [14, 72]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073248-0000-0000", "contents": "1955 in Luxembourg\nThe following lists events that happened during 1955 in the Grand Duchy of Luxembourg.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 18], "section_span": [18, 18], "content_span": [19, 105]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073249-0000-0000", "contents": "1955 in Malaya\nThis article lists important figures and events in Malayan public affairs during the year 1955, as well as births and deaths of significant Malayans.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [14, 14], "content_span": [15, 164]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073251-0000-0000", "contents": "1955 in Michigan, Top stories\nThe Associated Press (AP) and United Press (UP) each selected Michigan's top news stories of 1955 as follows:", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 16], "section_span": [18, 29], "content_span": [30, 139]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073251-0001-0000", "contents": "1955 in Michigan, Top stories\nThe United Press and The Detroit Reporter (strike newspaper) each selected the year's top sports stories as follows:", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 16], "section_span": [18, 29], "content_span": [30, 146]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073251-0002-0000", "contents": "1955 in Michigan, Population\nIn the 1950 United States Census, Michigan was recorded as having a population of 6,421,000 persons, ranking as the seventh most populous state in the country. By 1960, the state's population had grown 22.8% to 7,823,194 persons.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 16], "section_span": [18, 28], "content_span": [29, 258]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073251-0003-0000", "contents": "1955 in Michigan, Population, Cities\nThe following is a list of cities in Michigan with a population of at least 40,000 based on 1950 U.S. Census data. Historic census data from 1940 and 1960 is included to reflect trends in population increases or decreases. Cities that are part of the Detroit metropolitan area are shaded in tan.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 16], "section_span": [18, 36], "content_span": [37, 332]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073251-0004-0000", "contents": "1955 in Michigan, Population, Counties\nThe following is a list of counties in Michigan with populations of at least 100,000 based on 1950 U.S. Census data. Historic census data from 1940 and 1960 are included to reflect trends in population increases or decreases. Counties that are part of the Detroit metropolitan area are shaded in tan.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 16], "section_span": [18, 38], "content_span": [39, 339]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073251-0005-0000", "contents": "1955 in Michigan, Companies\nThe following is a list of major companies based in, or having a substantial manufacturing presence in, Michigan in 1955.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 16], "section_span": [18, 27], "content_span": [28, 149]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073252-0000-0000", "contents": "1955 in New Zealand\nThe following lists events that happened during  1955 in New Zealand.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [19, 19], "content_span": [20, 89]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073252-0001-0000", "contents": "1955 in New Zealand, Incumbents, Government\nThe 31st New Zealand Parliament continued. In power was the National government under Sidney Holland.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [21, 43], "content_span": [44, 145]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073252-0002-0000", "contents": "1955 in New Zealand, Arts and literature, Film\nSee : Category:1955 film awards, 1955 in film, List of New Zealand feature films, Cinema of New Zealand, Category:1955 films", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [21, 46], "content_span": [47, 171]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073252-0003-0000", "contents": "1955 in New Zealand, Sport, Lawn bowls\nThe national outdoor lawn bowls championships are held in Wellington.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [21, 38], "content_span": [39, 108]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073254-0000-0000", "contents": "1955 in North Vietnam\nThe following lists events that happened during 1955 in North Vietnam.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [21, 21], "content_span": [22, 92]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073257-0000-0000", "contents": "1955 in Norwegian football\nThe 1955 season was the 50th season of competitive football in Norway.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [26, 26], "content_span": [27, 97]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073257-0001-0000", "contents": "1955 in Norwegian football, Norwegian Cup, Fourth round\nAugust 20: Lillestr\u00f8m - Lyn 4-3August 21: Fredrikstad - Varegg 8-1", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [28, 55], "content_span": [56, 122]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073258-0000-0000", "contents": "1955 in Norwegian music\nThis is the current revision of this page, as edited by BHGbot (talk | contribs) at 05:01, 19 June 2020 (WP:BHGbot 6 (List 5): eponymous category first, per MOS:CATORDER; fixed sort key; WP:GENFIXES). The present address (URL) is a permanent link to this version.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [23, 23], "content_span": [24, 287]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073258-0001-0000", "contents": "1955 in Norwegian music\nThe following is a list of notable events and releases of the year 1955 in Norwegian music.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [23, 23], "content_span": [24, 115]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073262-0000-0000", "contents": "1955 in Scottish television\nThis is a list of events in Scottish television from 1955.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [27, 27], "content_span": [28, 86]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073263-0000-0000", "contents": "1955 in Singapore\nThe following lists events that happened during 1955 in Singapore.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [17, 17], "content_span": [18, 84]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073264-0000-0000", "contents": "1955 in South Africa\nThe following lists events that happened during 1955 in South Africa.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [20, 20], "content_span": [21, 90]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073264-0001-0000", "contents": "1955 in South Africa, Sports, Football\nThe South Africa national football team tours Australia and plays five games against the Australia national association football team.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [22, 38], "content_span": [39, 173]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073266-0000-0000", "contents": "1955 in South Vietnam\nThe following lists events that happened during 1955 in South Vietnam.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [21, 21], "content_span": [22, 92]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073269-0000-0000", "contents": "1955 in Taiwan\nEvents from the year 1955 in Taiwan, Republic of China. This year is numbered Minguo 44 according to the official Republic of China calendar.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [14, 14], "content_span": [15, 156]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073270-0000-0000", "contents": "1955 in Thailand\nThe year 1955 was the 174th year of the Rattanakosin Kingdom of Thailand. It was the 10th year in the reign of King Bhumibol Adulyadej (Rama IX), and is reckoned as year 2498 in the Buddhist Era.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 16], "section_span": [16, 16], "content_span": [17, 212]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073271-0000-0000", "contents": "1955 in Turkey, Events\n19 February \u2013 Agreement between Turkey and Greece on the rehabilitation of the River Meri\u00e7.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [16, 22], "content_span": [23, 114]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073272-0000-0000", "contents": "1955 in Wales\nThis article is about the particular significance of the year 1955 to Wales and its people.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 13], "section_span": [13, 13], "content_span": [14, 105]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073274-0000-0000", "contents": "1955 in architecture\nThe year 1955 in architecture involved some significant architectural events and new buildings.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [20, 20], "content_span": [21, 116]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073276-0000-0000", "contents": "1955 in association football\nThe following are the association football events of the year 1955 throughout the world.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [28, 28], "content_span": [29, 117]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073278-0000-0000", "contents": "1955 in baseball\nThe following are the baseball events of the year 1955  throughout the world.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 16], "section_span": [16, 16], "content_span": [17, 94]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073278-0001-0000", "contents": "1955 in baseball, Events\nBefore the Athletics arrive in town, the Kansas City Monarchs move their base of operations to Grand Rapids, Michigan. They retain the name \"Kansas City Monarchs\" and continue in the Negro American League as a barnstorming team.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 16], "section_span": [18, 24], "content_span": [25, 253]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073278-0002-0000", "contents": "1955 in baseball, Events, January\nJanuary 24 \u2013  In an effort to speed up the game, Major League Baseball announces a new rule which requires a pitcher to deliver the ball within 20 seconds after taking a pitching position.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 16], "section_span": [18, 33], "content_span": [34, 222]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073280-0000-0000", "contents": "1955 in country music\nThis is a list of notable events in country music that took place in the year 1955.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [21, 21], "content_span": [22, 105]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073281-0000-0000", "contents": "1955 in film, Top-grossing films by country\nThe highest-grossing 1955 films from countries outside of North America.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 12], "section_span": [14, 43], "content_span": [44, 116]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073282-0000-0000", "contents": "1955 in fine arts of the Soviet Union\nThe year 1955 was marked by many events that left an imprint on the history of Soviet and Russian Fine Arts.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [37, 37], "content_span": [38, 146]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073283-0000-0000", "contents": "1955 in jazz\nThis is a timeline documenting events of Jazz in the year 1955.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 12], "section_span": [12, 12], "content_span": [13, 76]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073284-0000-0000", "contents": "1955 in literature\nThis article contains information about the literary events and publications of 1955.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 18], "section_span": [18, 18], "content_span": [19, 104]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073285-0000-0000", "contents": "1955 in motorsport\nThe following is an overview of the events of 1955 in motorsport including the major racing events, motorsport venues that were opened and closed during a year, championships and non-championship events that were established and disestablished in a year, and births and deaths of racing drivers and other motorsport people.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 18], "section_span": [18, 18], "content_span": [19, 342]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073285-0001-0000", "contents": "1955 in motorsport, Annual events\nThe calendar includes only annual major non-championship events or annual events that had own significance separate from the championship. For the dates of the championship events see related season articles.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 18], "section_span": [20, 33], "content_span": [34, 242]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073286-0000-0000", "contents": "1955 in music\nThis is a list of notable events in music that took place in the year 1955.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 13], "section_span": [13, 13], "content_span": [14, 89]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073286-0001-0000", "contents": "1955 in music, Albums released\nIn 1955, 1,615 albums and 4,542 pop singles were released in the US.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 13], "section_span": [15, 30], "content_span": [31, 99]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073286-0002-0000", "contents": "1955 in music, Biggest hit singles\nThe following singles achieved the highest  in the set of charts available for 1955.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 13], "section_span": [15, 34], "content_span": [35, 119]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073286-0003-0000", "contents": "1955 in music, US No. 1 hit singles\nThese singles reached the top of US Billboard magazine's charts in 1955.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 13], "section_span": [15, 35], "content_span": [36, 108]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073287-0000-0000", "contents": "1955 in paleontology\nPaleontology or palaeontology is the study of prehistoric life forms on Earth through the examination of plant and animal fossils. This includes the study of body fossils, tracks (ichnites), burrows, cast-off parts, fossilised feces (coprolites), palynomorphs and chemical residues. Because humans have encountered fossils for millennia, paleontology has a long history both before and after becoming formalized as a science. This article records significant discoveries and events related to paleontology that occurred or were published in the year 1955.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [20, 20], "content_span": [21, 576]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073287-0001-0000", "contents": "1955 in paleontology, Synapsids, Eutherians, Cetaceans\nAn odontocete of uncertain position; new genus for \"Delphinapterus\" gabbi Cope (1868).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [22, 54], "content_span": [55, 141]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073288-0000-0000", "contents": "1955 in poetry\nNationality words link to articles with information on the nation's poetry or literature (for instance, Irish or France).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [14, 14], "content_span": [15, 136]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073288-0001-0000", "contents": "1955 in poetry, Works published in English\nListed by nation where the work was first published and again by the poet's native land, if different; substantially revised works listed separately:", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [16, 42], "content_span": [43, 192]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073288-0002-0000", "contents": "1955 in poetry, Births\nDeath years link to the corresponding \"[year] in poetry\" article:", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [16, 22], "content_span": [23, 88]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073288-0003-0000", "contents": "1955 in poetry, Deaths\nBirth years link to the corresponding \"[year] in poetry\" article:", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [16, 22], "content_span": [23, 88]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073289-0000-0000", "contents": "1955 in professional wrestling\n1955 in professional wrestling describes the year's events in the world of professional wrestling.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [30, 30], "content_span": [31, 129]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073290-0000-0000", "contents": "1955 in radio\nThe year 1955 saw a number of significant events in radio broadcasting history.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 13], "section_span": [13, 13], "content_span": [14, 93]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073291-0000-0000", "contents": "1955 in rail transport\nThis article lists events related to rail transport that occurred in 1955.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [22, 22], "content_span": [23, 97]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073292-0000-0000", "contents": "1955 in science\nThe year 1955 in science and technology included many events, some of which are listed below.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 15], "section_span": [15, 15], "content_span": [16, 109]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073293-0000-0000", "contents": "1955 in spaceflight\nThis is a list of spaceflight related events which occurred in 1955.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [19, 19], "content_span": [20, 88]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073294-0000-0000", "contents": "1955 in sports\n1955 in sports describes the year's events in world sport.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [14, 14], "content_span": [15, 73]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073295-0000-0000", "contents": "1955 in television\nThe year 1955 in television involved some significant events. Below is a list of television-related events during 1955.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 18], "section_span": [18, 18], "content_span": [19, 138]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073296-0000-0000", "contents": "1955 in the Belgian Congo\nThe following lists events that happened during 1955 in the Belgian Congo.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [25, 25], "content_span": [26, 100]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073297-0000-0000", "contents": "1955 in the Soviet Union\nThe following lists events that happened during 1955 in the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [24, 24], "content_span": [25, 121]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073298-0000-0000", "contents": "1955 in the United Kingdom\nEvents from the year 1955 in the United Kingdom. The year is marked by changes of leadership for both principal political parties.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [26, 26], "content_span": [27, 157]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073300-0000-0000", "contents": "1955 in the Vietnam War\nIn 1955, the Prime Minister of South Vietnam Ng\u00f4 \u0110\u00ecnh Di\u1ec7m faced a severe challenge to his rule over South Vietnam from the B\u00ecnh Xuy\u00ean criminal gang and the Cao \u0110\u00e0i and H\u00f2a H\u1ea3o religious sects. In the Battle of Saigon in April, Di\u1ec7m's army eliminated the B\u00ecnh Xuy\u00ean as a rival and soon also reduced the power of the sects. The United States, which had been wavering in its support of Di\u1ec7m before the battle, strongly supported him afterwards. Di\u1ec7m declined to enter into talks with North Vietnam concerning an election in 1956 to unify the country. Di\u1ec7m called a national election in October and easily defeated Head of State B\u1ea3o \u0110\u1ea1i, thus becoming President of South Vietnam.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [23, 23], "content_span": [24, 700]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073300-0001-0000", "contents": "1955 in the Vietnam War\nIn communist North Vietnam, Ho Chi Minh initiated a land reform program that was accomplished with many executions and imprisonments of \"landlords.\" Ho was unable to get the support of China and the Soviet Union to press for preliminary talks that would lead to the 1956 elections called for in the Geneva Accord.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [23, 23], "content_span": [24, 337]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073300-0002-0000", "contents": "1955 in the Vietnam War, January\nHo Chi Minh at a triumphal parade in Hanoi announced his government's policy to restore and develop the economy of North Vietnam. One of his priorities was a land reform program to give \"land to the tillers.\"", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 32], "content_span": [33, 241]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073300-0003-0000", "contents": "1955 in the Vietnam War, January\nSouth Vietnam became independent from the French Union's franc zone and the Vietnam National Army (VNA) became eligible to receive U.S. military aid directly rather than through the French military establishment still present in South Vietnam. The change increased Prime Minister Ng\u00f4 \u0110\u00ecnh Di\u1ec7m's control of the VNA.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 32], "content_span": [33, 348]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073300-0004-0000", "contents": "1955 in the Vietnam War, January\nWith the advice of American and French experts, the government of South Vietnam adopted Ordinance No. 2 which set the rent tenant farmers were obligated to pay to landlords to a maximum of 25 percent of the crop. Some tenants considered the 25 percent rate exorbitant. During the first year of the operation of the Ordinance about one-fourth of the more than one million tenant farmers in South Vietnam signed contracts with landowners establishing rental rates. The Ordinance was the first major effort of South Vietnam to counter the influence and popularity of the Viet Minh in rural areas. The Viet Minh had dispossessed many landlords and given land and influence to poor and landless farmers.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 32], "content_span": [33, 731]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073300-0005-0000", "contents": "1955 in the Vietnam War, January\nViet Minh leader L\u00ea \u0110\u1ee9c Th\u1ecd departed from southernmost Vietnam for North Vietnam in accordance with the Geneva Accords which permitted free movement for 300 days between the provisional states of North and South Vietnam. His commander, L\u00ea Du\u1ea9n, remained clandestinely in the Mekong Delta and Saigon. L\u00ea Du\u1ea9n was charged with maintaining a communist infrastructure in southern region. He remained in the south until 1957.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 32], "content_span": [33, 453]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073300-0006-0000", "contents": "1955 in the Vietnam War, January\nColonel Edward Lansdale head of the Central Intelligence Agency (CIA)'s Saigon Military Mission (SMM) reported to Washington that his team had smuggled 300 rifles, 50 pistols, 100,000 rounds of ammunition and 300 pounds of explosives into North Vietnam. The arms were distributed to anti-communist organizations in North Vietnam created by the SMM or cached for future use.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 32], "content_span": [33, 406]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073300-0007-0000", "contents": "1955 in the Vietnam War, February\nGeneral Paul Ely, French military commander in South Vietnam, informed Di\u1ec7m that by July 1, 1955, all units of the VNA would be commanded by Vietnamese officers. France was turning over all control and responsibility for the army to the government of South Vietnam.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 33], "content_span": [34, 299]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073300-0008-0000", "contents": "1955 in the Vietnam War, February\nPresident Diem, prodded by U.S. advisers, adopted the first of several land reform measures in South Vietnam. This initial program governed the amount of rent that could be charged for agricultural land.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 33], "content_span": [34, 237]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073300-0009-0000", "contents": "1955 in the Vietnam War, February\nNorth Vietnam's land reform program was underway and thousands of \"landlords\" were being executed or imprisoned. Ho said \"Some cadres are using the same methods to crush the masses as the imperialists, capitalists, and feudalists did. These methods are barbaric... It is absolutely forbidden to use physical punishment.\" Ho's admonishment had little apparent impact as the repression continued.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 33], "content_span": [34, 428]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073300-0010-0000", "contents": "1955 in the Vietnam War, February\nIn South Vietnam, France halted subsidies to the Cao \u0110\u00e0i and H\u00f2a H\u1ea3o religious sects, both of whom had armed forces raised and financed by France to fight the Viet Minh. The sects demanded that the subsidies continue to be paid to them by the Di\u1ec7m government. Di\u1ec7m refused and with several million dollars supplied by the CIA's Colonel Lansdale bribed sect leaders to gain their support and integrate their forces into the VNA.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 33], "content_span": [34, 461]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073300-0011-0000", "contents": "1955 in the Vietnam War, February\nRepresentatives of the B\u00ecnh Xuy\u00ean, a well-armed mafia controlling gambling, narcotics, the Saigon police force and the Cao \u0110\u00e0i and H\u00f2a H\u1ea3o religious sects agreed to form a United Front against the Di\u1ec7m government. The B\u00ecnh Xuy\u00ean, under B\u1ea3y Vi\u1ec5n, set up defenses around their headquarters in Saigon.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 33], "content_span": [34, 332]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073300-0012-0000", "contents": "1955 in the Vietnam War, March\nU.S. Secretary of State John Foster Dulles announced at a press conference in Saigon that \"I do not know of any responsible quarter which has any doubt about backing Di\u1ec7m as the head of this government.\" In fact, General Lawton Collins, the senior U.S. official in South Vietnam, and many French officials had expressed strong reservations about the ability of Di\u1ec7m to rule the country.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 30], "content_span": [31, 417]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073300-0013-0000", "contents": "1955 in the Vietnam War, March\nViet Minh forces evacuated the C\u00e0 Mau peninsula at the southernmost tip of South Vietnam to journey to North Vietnam in accordance with the Geneva Accords. Anticipating the evacuation, Col. Lansdale and his group had implemented an accelerated program (Occupation Liberty) to prepare the South Vietnamese army to occupy the area as the Viet Minh withdrew. The occupation proceeded smoothly with propaganda leaflets dropped by air, medical dispensaries established, rice distributed, and roads improved. However, \"the political and social conditions which had long generated support for the Viet Minh remained virtually unchanged.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 30], "content_span": [31, 660]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073300-0014-0000", "contents": "1955 in the Vietnam War, March\nDi\u1ec7m launched a sudden offensive against Hoa Hao General Ba C\u1ee5t in Th\u1ed1t N\u1ed1t, shelling the area heavily. The battle was inconclusive and both sides blamed the other for causing instability and disrupting the situation.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 30], "content_span": [31, 248]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073300-0015-0000", "contents": "1955 in the Vietnam War, March\nThe National Front of B\u00ecnh Xuy\u00ean, Cao \u0110\u00e0i, and H\u00f2a H\u1ea3o demanded that Di\u1ec7m form a government of \"national union\" and gave him 5 days to comply. Di\u1ec7m ignored the demand.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 30], "content_span": [31, 198]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073300-0016-0000", "contents": "1955 in the Vietnam War, March\nDi\u1ec7m made a counter demand that the B\u00ecnh Xuy\u00ean evacuate the areas and buildings they had occupied in Saigon and vicinity. The French were tacitly helping the B\u00ecnh Xuy\u00ean. Collins wanted the French to persuade Di\u1ec7m to compromise; Lansdale wanted the French out of South Vietnam.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 30], "content_span": [31, 307]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073300-0017-0000", "contents": "1955 in the Vietnam War, March\nDi\u1ec7m's replacement of the police chief caused a brief battle between the VNA and Bin Xuyen police and militia. The French brokered a cease fire but the B\u00ecnh Xuy\u00ean, army, and French military each fortified the areas they controlled in Saigon. Due to resignations, Di\u1ec7m's government now consisted mostly of members of his family.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 30], "content_span": [31, 358]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073300-0018-0000", "contents": "1955 in the Vietnam War, March\nFrom Saigon, General Collins informed Washington that Di\u1ec7m lacked \"the ability to head a government.\" Several journalists published similar reports as Saigon descended into chaos during April.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 30], "content_span": [31, 223]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073300-0019-0000", "contents": "1955 in the Vietnam War, April\nCollins had been recalled to Washington for consultations and at a lunch where Dulles' view was reiterated that Di\u1ec7m must be replaced.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 30], "content_span": [31, 165]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073300-0020-0000", "contents": "1955 in the Vietnam War, April\nBa C\u1ee5t and three other H\u00f2a H\u1ea3o military leaders refused a government offer to integrate, and continued to operate autonomously.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 30], "content_span": [31, 158]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073300-0021-0000", "contents": "1955 in the Vietnam War, April\nThe State Department sent top-secret cables to the U.S. Embassies in Saigon and Paris ordering the embassies to initiate a process of removing Di\u1ec7m from power and replacing him with a leader chosen by General Collins and French General Ely in Saigon. The embassies were instructed to tell Di\u1ec7m that the U.S. and France were \"no longer in a position to prevent his removal from office.\"", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 30], "content_span": [31, 416]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073300-0022-0000", "contents": "1955 in the Vietnam War, April\nSix hours after Dulles' cables calling for Di\u1ec7m's ouster Lansdale, at Di\u1ec7m's side in Saigon, reported to Washington that fighting had broken out in the streets of Saigon between the B\u00ecnh Xuy\u00ean and the VNA. These were the opening shots in the Battle of Saigon which would continue for about one month. On hearing of the news of the fighting, Dulles canceled the cables, awaiting developments in Saigon before proceeding.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 30], "content_span": [31, 450]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073300-0023-0000", "contents": "1955 in the Vietnam War, April\nNeither the Cao \u0110\u00e0i nor the H\u00f2a H\u1ea3o joined the B\u00ecnh Xuy\u00ean in the battle. Bribes paid by Di\u1ec7m and Lansdale to their leaders caused them to remain neutral or to unite their armed forces with the VNA.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 30], "content_span": [31, 228]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073300-0024-0000", "contents": "1955 in the Vietnam War, April\nLansdale cabled Washington asserting that Di\u1ec7m was still the best alternative as the leader of South Vietnam.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 30], "content_span": [31, 140]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073300-0025-0000", "contents": "1955 in the Vietnam War, April\nThe VNA had largely defeated the B\u00ecnh Xuy\u00ean and its 40,000 armed soldiers. Casualties on both sides plus civilians amounted to about 500 dead, 1000 wounded and 20,000 homeless due to widespread destruction over a square mile of Saigon. Many of the surviving B\u00ecnh Xuy\u00ean fled to the countryside, taking refuge in the swamps of the Mekong River delta. The B\u00ecnh Xuy\u00ean leader, B\u1ea3y Vi\u1ec5n, escaped to Paris with French assistance. A few members of the B\u00ecnh Xuy\u00ean would wage guerrilla war against the Di\u1ec7m government for the next two or three years and would eventually be absorbed into the Viet Cong guerrillas.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 30], "content_span": [31, 634]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073300-0026-0000", "contents": "1955 in the Vietnam War, May\nDuring three days of talks in Paris among Dulles, French Prime Minister Edgar Faure, and the British, Faure proposed that both the U.S. and France withdraw from Vietnam because \"Di\u1ec7m is leading to a catastrophe.\" Dulles did not agree and indicated that the U.S. would continue to support Di\u1ec7m\u2014even if that support caused the French to withdraw from South Vietnam. At this conference, in the words of historian Seth Jacobs, Vietnam became \"America's war\" rather than France's.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 28], "content_span": [29, 504]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073300-0027-0000", "contents": "1955 in the Vietnam War, May\nGeneral Collins left Vietnam and his position as the senior U.S. official in South Vietnam to return to the United States. He had failed to persuade Dulles and the Eisenhower Administration that Di\u1ec7m was not a viable leader of South Vietnam.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 28], "content_span": [29, 270]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073300-0028-0000", "contents": "1955 in the Vietnam War, May\nIn the wake of Di\u1ec7m's victory over the B\u00ecnh Xuy\u00ean, he was lionized in the American media, notably by publisher Henry Luce in Life: \"Every son, daughter, and even distant admirer of the American Revolution should be overjoyed and learn to shout...'Hurrah for Ngo Dinh Diem! '...Diem's political assets...are just what his country needs... He is a Roman Catholic and a simon-pure Vietnamese nationalist, thus doubly proof against communist force...back Diem to the hilt.\"", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 28], "content_span": [29, 498]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073300-0029-0000", "contents": "1955 in the Vietnam War, May\nThe United States signed a military assistance agreement with Cambodia, thus replacing France in providing assistance to the Cambodian armed forces.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 28], "content_span": [29, 177]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073300-0030-0000", "contents": "1955 in the Vietnam War, May\nFrench military forces withdrew from Saigon to a coastal enclave. From there they would be slowly withdrawn from Vietnam.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 28], "content_span": [29, 150]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073300-0031-0000", "contents": "1955 in the Vietnam War, May\nG. Frederick Reinhardt, a career diplomat, presented his credentials to Di\u1ec7m as the U.S.'s new Ambassador to Vietnam. Dulles's instruction to Reinhardt was \"to give complete, loyal, and sincere support to the government of President Di\u1ec7m.\"", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 28], "content_span": [29, 268]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073300-0032-0000", "contents": "1955 in the Vietnam War, June\nGeneral Ely, French commander in South Vietnam, left the country signalling the pullout of all French military forces from Vietnam.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 29], "content_span": [30, 161]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073300-0033-0000", "contents": "1955 in the Vietnam War, June\nWith the B\u00ecnh Xuy\u00ean vanquished, Di\u1ec7m turned his attention to conquering the H\u00f2a H\u1ea3o. The battle between government troops began in C\u1ea7n Th\u01a1 on 5 June. Five H\u00f2a H\u1ea3o battalions surrendered immediately; Commander Ba C\u1ee5t and three remaining leaders fled to the Cambodian border. The other leaders soon surrendered but Ba C\u1ee5t and his 3,000 armed men continued to resist the army until 1956.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 29], "content_span": [30, 414]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073300-0034-0000", "contents": "1955 in the Vietnam War, June\nHo Chi Minh made an official visit to China and the Soviet Union. He received pledges of $200 million in aid from China and $100 million from the Soviet Union, but neither China nor the Soviet Union agreed to attempt to pressure the United States and other Western countries to hold 1956 national elections in Vietnam.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 29], "content_span": [30, 348]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073300-0035-0000", "contents": "1955 in the Vietnam War, June\nZhou Enlai, the premier of China, said the United States was violating the Geneva Accords and that the national elections scheduled for July 20, 1956, might not be held due to U.S. and South Vietnamese opposition.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 29], "content_span": [30, 243]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073300-0036-0000", "contents": "1955 in the Vietnam War, July\nDi\u1ec7m in a speech said that South Vietnam was not bound by the Geneva Accords and that conditions necessary for free elections did not exist in the North.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 29], "content_span": [30, 183]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073300-0037-0000", "contents": "1955 in the Vietnam War, July\nThe Geneva Accords called for consultations to begin on this date regarding national elections to select a government for a united Vietnam on July 20, 1956. Di\u1ec7m refused to enter into talks with North Vietnam. He said that South Vietnam had not been a signatory of the Geneva Accords and that the \"fundamental freedoms\" for free and open elections did not exist under the communist government of North Vietnam. The United States declined to pressure Di\u1ec7m into talks with the North Vietnamese.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 29], "content_span": [30, 522]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073300-0038-0000", "contents": "1955 in the Vietnam War, August\nThe State Department stated that, \"to avoid...accusations...of trying to sabotage the Geneva Settlement...the number of U.S. military personnel at present in Indochina at any given time should not exceed 342 persons, the number called for...at the time the Geneva Accord was signed.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 31], "content_span": [32, 314]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073300-0039-0000", "contents": "1955 in the Vietnam War, August\nDulles publicly supported Di\u1ec7m's position that conditions were not right in the North for free elections.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 31], "content_span": [32, 137]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073300-0040-0000", "contents": "1955 in the Vietnam War, October\nDi\u1ec7m ordered the army to march on the Cao \u0110\u00e0i political center in T\u00e2y Ninh under the shadow of the Black Virgin Mountain. He forced the Cao \u0110\u00e0i pope, Pham Cong Tac, to flee to Cambodia where he died in 1959. Di\u1ec7m absorbed the Cao \u0110\u00e0i army into the fledgling Army of the Republic of Vietnam.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 32], "content_span": [33, 323]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073300-0041-0000", "contents": "1955 in the Vietnam War, October\nThe State of Vietnam referendum of 1955 determined the future form of government of the State of Vietnam, the nation that was to become the Republic of Vietnam (widely known as South Vietnam). It was contested by Prime Minister Di\u1ec7m, who proposed a republic, and former emperor B\u1ea3o \u0110\u1ea1i. B\u1ea3o \u0110\u1ea1i had abdicated as emperor in 1945 and at the time of the referendum held the title of head of state. Di\u1ec7m won the election, which was widely marred by electoral fraud, with 98.2% of the vote. In the capital Saigon, Di\u1ec7m was credited with over 600,000 votes, even though only 450,000 people were on the electoral roll. He accumulated tallies in excess of 90% of the registered voters, even in rural regions where opposition groups prevented voting.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 32], "content_span": [33, 774]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073300-0042-0000", "contents": "1955 in the Vietnam War, October\nDi\u1ec7m was declared the winner of the election and President of the new Republic of Vietnam, more commonly called South Vietnam.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 32], "content_span": [33, 159]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073300-0043-0000", "contents": "1955 in the Vietnam War, October\nThe government of South Vietnam reported that 676,348 Catholics, 209,132 Buddhists, and 1,041 Protestants had migrated to South Vietnam from the North since the conclusion of the Geneva Accords on July 20, 1954. The United States Navy's participation in the exodus from North Vietnam was called Operation Passage to Freedom.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 32], "content_span": [33, 357]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073300-0044-0000", "contents": "1955 in the Vietnam War, October\nBetween 14,000 \u2013 45,000 civilians and approximately 100,000 Viet Minh fighters moved from South Vietnam to the north. North Vietnam left behind in South Vietnam 8,000 to 10,000 covert civilian and military personnel, most of them members of the communist party", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 32], "content_span": [33, 293]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073300-0045-0000", "contents": "1955 in the Vietnam War, October\nThe American media portrayed the migration as a spontaneous flight from communism, but French scholar Bernard Fall accused the U.S. of stimulating the exodus in a \"very successful psychological warfare operation\" managed by Col. Edward Lansdale of the CIA.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 32], "content_span": [33, 289]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073300-0046-0000", "contents": "1955 in the Vietnam War, November\nThe American Military Assistance Advisory Group (MAAG) for South Vietnam was created. MAAG was reorganized from covering all of Indochina into MAAGs for each of the countries (Cambodia, Laos, South Vietnam). General Samuel Tankersley Williams was the chief of the newly created MAAG. (Due to the creation of the MAAG for Vietnam on this date, in 1998 after a high level review by the Department of Defense (DoD) and through the efforts of Richard B. Fitzgibbon's family, November 1, 1955, became the earliest qualifying date for inclusion of American combat deaths on the wall of the Vietnam Veterans Memorial.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 33], "content_span": [34, 644]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073300-0047-0000", "contents": "1955 in the Vietnam War, December\nGraham Greene's novel The Quiet American was published in England and later in the U.S. It portrayed American policy in South Vietnam in a negative light. In the words of one reviewer, \"American readers were incensed, perhaps not so much because of the biased portrait of obtuse and destructive American innocence and idealism but because...it was drawn with such acid pleasure by a middle-class English snob...\" The principal American character in the novel is often erroneously believed to be modeled on CIA operative Edward Lansdale, but Greene began writing the novel before Lansdale's arrival in Vietnam.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 33], "content_span": [34, 643]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073300-0048-0000", "contents": "1955 in the Vietnam War, December\nThe executive committee of the American Friends of Vietnam met for the first time. The AFVN was founded in the United States to encourage U.S. support for the Di\u1ec7m government. The members included many prominent politicians, both Democrat and Republican, including John F. Kennedy, Hubert Humphrey and Mike Mansfield. The committee invited General John W. O'Daniel (\"Iron Mike\") to serve as Chairman of the Board of AFV. O'Daniel was a fervent supporter of Ng\u00f4 \u0110\u00ecnh Di\u1ec7m.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 33], "content_span": [34, 505]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073300-0049-0000", "contents": "1955 in the Vietnam War, December\nThe Joint Chiefs of Staff of the United States Department of Defense requested that the ceiling of 342 U.S. military personnel in South Vietnam be raised. With the ongoing withdrawal of the French, the manpower ceiling had become a \"serious handicap.\" Dulles turned down the request to avoid violating the Geneva Accords which prohibited any increases in foreign military personnel in Vietnam.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 33], "content_span": [34, 427]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073300-0050-0000", "contents": "1955 in the Vietnam War, December\nSouth Vietnam withdrew from the French Union Assembly and terminated many financial and economic agreements with France, thus severing nearly all its former colonial ties to France.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 33], "content_span": [34, 215]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073300-0051-0000", "contents": "1955 in the Vietnam War, December\nThe United States closed its embassy in Hanoi, thus ending formal diplomatic relations with North Vietnam. The U.S. would not restore diplomatic relations until 1998.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 33], "content_span": [34, 200]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073300-0052-0000", "contents": "1955 in the Vietnam War, December\nChina informed North Vietnam that all members of the China Military Advisory Group, which had been in Vietnam since July 1950, would return to China. This action by China illustrated the Chinese view that the most important task of North Vietnam was to consolidate its rule rather than attempt to force reunification with South Vietnam.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 33], "content_span": [34, 370]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073301-0000-0000", "contents": "1955 nine-pin bowling World Championships\nThe 1955 nine-pin bowling World Championships was the second edition of the championships and was held in Essen, West Germany, from 30 August to 5 September 1955.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 41], "section_span": [41, 41], "content_span": [42, 204]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073301-0001-0000", "contents": "1955 nine-pin bowling World Championships\nIn the men's competition the title was won by East Germany in the team competition and by Eberhard Luther (East Germany) in the individual event. In the women's competition the title was won by East Germany in the team competition and by Francka Erjavec (Yugoslavia) in the individual event. Czechoslovakia entered its first championship and earned a bronze medal in the men's team event.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 41], "section_span": [41, 41], "content_span": [42, 430]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073301-0002-0000", "contents": "1955 nine-pin bowling World Championships, Results, Men - team\nThe competition was played with 200 throws mixed (100 full, 100 clean). Teams were composed of 6 competitors and the scores were added up.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 41], "section_span": [43, 62], "content_span": [63, 201]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073301-0003-0000", "contents": "1955 nine-pin bowling World Championships, Results, Women - team\nThe competition was played with 100 throws mixed (50 full, 50 clean). Teams were composed of 6 competitors and the scores were added up.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 41], "section_span": [43, 64], "content_span": [65, 201]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073302-0000-0000", "contents": "1955 seizure of the Romanian embassy in Bern\nThe 1955 seizure of the Romanian embassy in Bern, also known in Romania as the Bern incident (Romanian: Incidentul de la Berna), was the brief seizure of the Romanian embassy in Bern, Switzerland, by a group of Romanian \u00e9migr\u00e9s who opposed the then-ruling communist regime between 14 and 16 February 1955.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [44, 44], "content_span": [45, 350]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073302-0001-0000", "contents": "1955 seizure of the Romanian embassy in Bern, Events\nThe attack was planned and led by Oliviu Beldeanu, a sculptor born in 1924 in Dej. At the age of 15 he became a member of Frunz\u0103 Verde (\"Green Leaf\"), a youth organisation associated with the fascist Iron Guard, and after the end of World War II he joined the anti-communist resistance movement. In 1949, he fled to the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia, only to return a few months later, allegedly as an agent of the UDBA. In 1951, Beldeanu arrived in Italy; he later settled in Konstanz, West Germany.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [46, 52], "content_span": [53, 564]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073302-0002-0000", "contents": "1955 seizure of the Romanian embassy in Bern, Events\nIn 1954, Beldeanu began preparing the assault on the Romanian embassy: he travelled several times to Switzerland, acquired the needed weapons and tools, and held training sessions with the other members of the group (Ion Chiril\u0103, Stan Codrescu, Dumitru Ochiu and Tudor Ciochin\u0103).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [46, 52], "content_span": [53, 332]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073302-0003-0000", "contents": "1955 seizure of the Romanian embassy in Bern, Events\nOn the evening of 14 February 1955, the group drove from Konstanz to Bern, broke into the embassy around midnight and entered the embassy's driver's residence. The members of the group then proceeded to discreetly search for secret documents.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [46, 52], "content_span": [53, 295]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073302-0004-0000", "contents": "1955 seizure of the Romanian embassy in Bern, Events\nAround 2:00 AM, Aurel \u0218e\u021bu, the embassy's driver (and possibly a Securitate agent) returned and entered into an altercation with Codrescu and Ochiu, following which \u0218e\u021bu was shot. Though hurt, the driver managed to leave the annex building, and was later discovered heavily bleeding under a tree. He was then transported to the hospital where he died. After the shooting most of the embassy's staff had fled.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [46, 52], "content_span": [53, 461]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073302-0005-0000", "contents": "1955 seizure of the Romanian embassy in Bern, Events\nThe Swiss police was notified by the ambassador and surrounded the building, but without intervening, since the ambassador did not allow them to enter the property at first. The group demanded the release from Romanian prisons of several important personalities, such as Dinu Br\u0103tianu. On the night of 15/16 February, Dumitru Ochiu exited the embassy, carrying with him a number of documents; he was immediately arrested by the Swiss police. The rest of the group surrendered the next day.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [46, 52], "content_span": [53, 542]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073302-0006-0000", "contents": "1955 seizure of the Romanian embassy in Bern, Events\nThe police returned the stolen documents immediately to the Romanian legation, thereby arising a lot of speculations about their content. The news agency \"Globe Press\" pretended that Aurel \u0218e\u021bu was the actual head of the Romanian legation and a senior Securitate officer and that the stolen documents were ciphered messages for Moscow. As the police of Bern later found out, this information had in fact been invented by a Czechoslovakian refugee.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [46, 52], "content_span": [53, 500]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073302-0007-0000", "contents": "1955 seizure of the Romanian embassy in Bern, Motivations\nAccording to its organizers, the attack's purpose was to attract international attention to the abuses, injustices and human rights violations perpetrated by the communist Romanian government, as well as exposing the espionage activities of the Romanian embassy in Switzerland.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [46, 57], "content_span": [58, 335]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073302-0008-0000", "contents": "1955 seizure of the Romanian embassy in Bern, Motivations\nHowever, the Romanian government of the time accused the Iron Guard structure in exile (under the leadership of Horia Sima) and Western intelligence agencies of masterminding a fascist anti-Romanian plot with the complicity of the Swiss authorities.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [46, 57], "content_span": [58, 307]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073302-0009-0000", "contents": "1955 seizure of the Romanian embassy in Bern, Motivations\nSome commentators have suggested that the group was indeed acting on behalf of a foreign intelligence service, looking for documents related specifically to covert Romanian agents in the Western program of parachuting agents into areas of the Eastern Bloc.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [46, 57], "content_span": [58, 314]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073302-0010-0000", "contents": "1955 seizure of the Romanian embassy in Bern, Aftermath\nThe members of the group were tried in Bern. Oliviu Beldeanu was sentenced to four years in prison, Stan Codrescu (who had shot Aurel \u0218e\u021bu) to three and a half years, Ion Chiril\u0103 to three and a half years and Dumitru Ochiu to a year and four months.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [46, 55], "content_span": [56, 305]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073302-0011-0000", "contents": "1955 seizure of the Romanian embassy in Bern, Aftermath\nIn Romania, protest gatherings were staged in several towns and a large commemorative meeting held in Bucharest on the occasion of Aurel \u0218e\u021bu's burial.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [46, 55], "content_span": [56, 207]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073302-0012-0000", "contents": "1955 seizure of the Romanian embassy in Bern, Aftermath\nOliviu Beldeanu was released from prison in 1957, but the communist regime did not intend to leave his action go unpunished. He was lured to West Berlin and abducted by Stasi and Securitate agents, then taken to Bucharest, subjected to a kangaroo trial, and executed on 18 February 1960.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [46, 55], "content_span": [56, 343]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073303-0000-0000", "contents": "1955 \u00darvalsdeild\nThe 1955 \u00darvalsdeild was the 44th season of league football in Iceland. KR won their 15th title. This was the first season that a team got relegated from the division, and \u00der\u00f3ttur was the first team to drop down to the 2. deild karla. \u00cdA's R\u00edkhar\u00f0ur J\u00f3nsson, \u00de\u00f3r\u00f0ur J\u00f3nsson and \u00de\u00f3r\u00f0ur \u00de\u00f3r\u00f0arson were the joint top scorers with 7 goals.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 16], "section_span": [16, 16], "content_span": [17, 352]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073304-0000-0000", "contents": "1955 \u00darvalsdeild karla (basketball)\nThe 1955 Icelandic Basketball Tournament was the 4th season of the top tier men's basketball league in Iceland. The season started on 18 March 1955 and ended on 25 March 1955. \u00cdR won its second title by posting the best record in the league.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [35, 35], "content_span": [36, 277]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073304-0001-0000", "contents": "1955 \u00darvalsdeild karla (basketball), Competition format\nThe participating teams played each other once for a total of 3 games. The top team won the national championship.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 55], "content_span": [56, 170]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073305-0000-0000", "contents": "1955/1956 News of the World Snooker Tournament\nThe 1955/1956 News of the World Snooker Tournament was a professional snooker tournament sponsored by the News of the World. The tournament was won by Joe Davis who won 4 of his 5 matches. He finished ahead of Fred Davis who had also won 4 matches but Joe won more frames overall. The News of the World Snooker Tournament ran from 1949/50 to 1959.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 46], "section_span": [46, 46], "content_span": [47, 394]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073305-0001-0000", "contents": "1955/1956 News of the World Snooker Tournament, Format\nThe 1955/56 event was a round-robin snooker tournament and was played from 31 October 1955 to 18 February 1956. Matches were played at various locations around the United Kingdom and also on Jersey. There were 6 competitors and a total of 15 matches. The competitors were Joe Davis, Fred Davis, Walter Donaldson, John Pulman, Jackie Rea and Rex Williams. Each match lasted three days and was the best of 37 frames.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 46], "section_span": [48, 54], "content_span": [55, 469]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073305-0002-0000", "contents": "1955/1956 News of the World Snooker Tournament, Format\nEach match was separately handicapped. Joe Davis played level with Fred Davis and gave John Pulman, Walter Donaldson and Jackie Rea 14 points and Rex Williams 16. Fred Davis gave John Pulman 10, Walter Donaldson and Jackie Rea 12 and Rex Williams 16. John Pulman played level with Walter Donaldson and gave Jackie Rea 7 and Rex Williams 10. Walter Donaldson gave Jackie Rea 7 and Rex Williams 12, Jackie Rea gave Rex Williams 10 points.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 46], "section_span": [48, 54], "content_span": [55, 491]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073305-0003-0000", "contents": "1955/1956 News of the World Snooker Tournament, Results\nThe positions were determined firstly by the number of matches won (MW) and, in the event of a tie, the number of frames won (FW).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 46], "section_span": [48, 55], "content_span": [56, 186]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073306-0000-0000", "contents": "1955/56 NTFL season\nThe 1955/56 NTFL season was the 35th season of the Northern Territory Football League (NTFL).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [19, 19], "content_span": [20, 113]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073306-0001-0000", "contents": "1955/56 NTFL season\nSt Marys have won there 2nd premiership title while defeating Waratah in the grand final by 5 points.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [19, 19], "content_span": [20, 121]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073307-0000-0000", "contents": "1955\u20131956 Massachusetts legislature\nThe 159th Massachusetts General Court, consisting of the Massachusetts Senate and the Massachusetts House of Representatives, met in 1955 and 1956 during the governorship of Christian Herter. Richard I. Furbush served as president of the Senate and Michael F. Skerry served as speaker of the House.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [35, 35], "content_span": [36, 334]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073308-0000-0000", "contents": "1955\u201356 1re s\u00e9rie season\nThe 1955\u201356 1re s\u00e9rie season was the 35th season of the 1re s\u00e9rie, the top level of ice hockey in France. Club des patineurs lyonnais won their first and only league title.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [24, 24], "content_span": [25, 197]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073309-0000-0000", "contents": "1955\u201356 A.C. Fiorentina season, Summary\n1956 was the year of first Scudetto for the Fiorentina. The team started to achieve consistent top-five finishes in the domestic league, consisted of great players such as well-known goalkeeper Giuliano Sarti, Sergio Cervato, Francesco Rosella, Guido Gratton, Giuseppe Chiappella and Aldo Scaramucci but above all, the attacking of Brazilian Julinho Argentinian Miguel Montuori and young striker Giuseppe Virgili . This team won Fiorentina's first scudetto (Italian championship) in 1955\u201356, 12 points ahead of second-place Milan.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 39], "content_span": [40, 570]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073309-0001-0000", "contents": "1955\u201356 A.C. Fiorentina season, Squad\nNote: Flags indicate national team as defined under FIFA eligibility rules. Players may hold more than one non-FIFA nationality.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 37], "content_span": [38, 166]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073310-0000-0000", "contents": "1955\u201356 AHL season\nThe 1955\u201356 AHL season was the 20th season of the American Hockey League. Six teams played 64 games each in the schedule. The Providence Reds finished first overall in the regular season, and won their fourth Calder Cup championship.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 18], "section_span": [18, 18], "content_span": [19, 252]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073310-0001-0000", "contents": "1955\u201356 AHL season, Final standings\nNote: GP = Games played; W = Wins; L = Losses; T = Ties; GF = Goals for; GA = Goals against; Pts = Points;", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 18], "section_span": [20, 35], "content_span": [36, 142]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073310-0002-0000", "contents": "1955\u201356 AHL season, Scoring leaders\nNote: GP = Games played; G = Goals; A = Assists; Pts = Points; PIM = Penalty minutes", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 18], "section_span": [20, 35], "content_span": [36, 120]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073310-0003-0000", "contents": "1955\u201356 AHL season, All Star Classic\nThe 3rd AHL All-Star game was played on January 10, 1956, at the Duquesne Gardens in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. The defending Calder Cup champions Pittsburgh Hornets tied 4-4 with the AHL All-Stars.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 18], "section_span": [20, 36], "content_span": [37, 234]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073311-0000-0000", "contents": "1955\u201356 Aberdeen F.C. season\nThe 1955\u201356 season was Aberdeen's 43rd season in the top flight of Scottish football and their 45th season overall. Aberdeen competed in the Scottish League Division One, Scottish League Cup, and the Scottish Cup", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [28, 28], "content_span": [29, 241]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073312-0000-0000", "contents": "1955\u201356 Allsvenskan, Overview\nThe league was contested by 12 teams, with IFK Norrk\u00f6ping winning the championship.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [21, 29], "content_span": [30, 113]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073313-0000-0000", "contents": "1955\u201356 Allsvenskan (men's handball)\nThe 1955\u201356 Allsvenskan was the 22nd season of the top division of Swedish handball. 10 teams competed in the league. \u00d6rebro SK won the league and claimed their first Swedish title. IK Baltichov and V\u00e4ster\u00e5s IK were relegated.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [36, 36], "content_span": [37, 263]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073314-0000-0000", "contents": "1955\u201356 American Soccer League, Championship playoff\nFor the second time in ASL history there was a tie at the top of the table. Since two teams finished the season with exactly the same record and point totals, a single match championship playoff was held. In the event that this match had ended in a draw the following procedures were to be used. Two 15-minute overtime periods to be played in their entirety. If the match was still tied after 120 minutes, the teams would then play successive seven and a half minute periods until one team either scored a golden goal or earned a corner kick.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 52], "content_span": [53, 595]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073315-0000-0000", "contents": "1955\u201356 Arsenal F.C. season\nDuring the 1955\u201356 English football season, Arsenal F.C. competed in the Football League First Division.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [27, 27], "content_span": [28, 132]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073315-0001-0000", "contents": "1955\u201356 Arsenal F.C. season, Squad\nNote: Flags indicate national team as defined under FIFA eligibility rules. Players may hold more than one non-FIFA nationality.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 34], "content_span": [35, 163]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073316-0000-0000", "contents": "1955\u201356 Atlantic Coast Conference men's basketball season, NIT\nLeague rules prevented ACC teams from playing in the NIT, 1954\u20131966", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 57], "section_span": [59, 62], "content_span": [63, 130]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073317-0000-0000", "contents": "1955\u201356 Austrian football championship, Overview\nIt was contested by 14 teams, and SK Rapid Wien won the championship.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 48], "content_span": [49, 118]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073318-0000-0000", "contents": "1955\u201356 Beitar Jerusalem F.C. season\nThe 1955\u201356 Beitar Jerusalem season was the club's 20th season since its establishment, in 1936, and 8th since the establishment of the State of Israel.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [36, 36], "content_span": [37, 189]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073318-0001-0000", "contents": "1955\u201356 Beitar Jerusalem F.C. season\nAt the start of the season, the league which started during the previous season was completed, with the club finishing 11th (out of 14), which meant the club had to compete in a promotion/relegation play-offs against the 12th placed club, Hapoel Kfar Saba, and the two Liga Bet winners, Maccabi Jaffa and Hapoel Kiryat Haim.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [36, 36], "content_span": [37, 361]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073318-0001-0001", "contents": "1955\u201356 Beitar Jerusalem F.C. season\nThe club lost all three play-offs matches and was relegated to the second division, which was renamed Liga Alef, and played in this division during the remainder of the season, finishing 10th (out of 12), which meant that the club had to face another promotion/relegation play-offs, which were delayed and were played at the beginning of the next season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [36, 36], "content_span": [37, 391]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073318-0002-0000", "contents": "1955\u201356 Beitar Jerusalem F.C. season, Match results, 1954\u201355 Liga Alef\nThe league began on 6 February 1955, and by the time the previous season ended, only 20 rounds of matches were completed, with the final 6 rounds being played during September and October 1955.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 70], "content_span": [71, 264]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073319-0000-0000", "contents": "1955\u201356 Beitar Tel Aviv F.C. season\nThe 1955\u201356 Beitar Tel Aviv season was the club's 23rd season since its establishment, in 1934, and 8th since the establishment of the State of Israel.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [35, 35], "content_span": [36, 187]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073319-0001-0000", "contents": "1955\u201356 Beitar Tel Aviv F.C. season\nAt the start of the season, the league which started during the previous season was completed, with the club finishing 5th. The new league season, with the top division being renamed Liga Leumit, began on 3 December 1955 and was completed on 3 June 1956, with the club finishing 7th.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [35, 35], "content_span": [36, 319]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073319-0002-0000", "contents": "1955\u201356 Beitar Tel Aviv F.C. season\nDuring the season, the club also competed in the State Cup, which was also carried over the summer break. The club was eliminated in the quarter finals, after losing 0\u20134 to Hapoel Petah Tikva.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [35, 35], "content_span": [36, 228]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073319-0003-0000", "contents": "1955\u201356 Beitar Tel Aviv F.C. season\nIn addition, during the break between the completion of the 1954\u201355 league and the beginning of the 1955\u201356 league, the club participated in the Netanya 25th anniversary cup, along with Maccabi Petah Tikva, Maccabi Netanya and Hapoel Ramat Gan. In the competition, which was played as a round-robin tournament, the club finished fourth.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [35, 35], "content_span": [36, 372]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073319-0004-0000", "contents": "1955\u201356 Beitar Tel Aviv F.C. season, Match Results, 1954\u201355 Liga Alef\nThe league began on 6 February 1955, and by the time the previous season ended, only 20 rounds of matches were completed, with the final 6 rounds being played during September and October 1955.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 69], "content_span": [70, 263]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073319-0005-0000", "contents": "1955\u201356 Beitar Tel Aviv F.C. season, Match Results, Netanya 25th Anniversary Cup\nIn October and November, while the promotion playoffs and the State Cup were being played, two cup competitions were organized by Liga Leumit Clubs, the second edition of the Shapira Cup, and the Netanya 25th Anniversary Cup. Maccabi Netanya, Beitar Tel Aviv, Maccabi Petah Tikva and Hapoel Ramat Gan took part in the competition, dedicated to the 25th anniversary of Netanya.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 80], "content_span": [81, 457]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073320-0000-0000", "contents": "1955\u201356 Belgian First Division\nThe 1955\u201356 season of the Belgian First Division was won by R.S.C. Anderlecht.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [30, 30], "content_span": [31, 109]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073320-0001-0000", "contents": "1955\u201356 Belgian First Division, Overview\nIt was contested by 16 teams, and R.S.C. Anderlecht won the championship.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 40], "content_span": [41, 114]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073321-0000-0000", "contents": "1955\u201356 Birmingham City F.C. season\nThe 1955\u201356 Football League season was Birmingham City Football Club's 53rd in the Football League and their 29th in the First Division, having been promoted as Second Division champions in 1954\u201355. They finished in a club-record sixth position in the 22-team division. They entered the 1955\u201356 FA Cup in the third round proper and reached the Final for only the second time, despite being drawn to play away from home in each round, the first time this had occurred. They lost 3\u20131 to Manchester City in a match remembered for City's goalkeeper Bert Trautmann playing the last 25 minutes with a broken neck.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [35, 35], "content_span": [36, 643]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073321-0001-0000", "contents": "1955\u201356 Birmingham City F.C. season\nBirmingham City became the first English club side to take part in European competition when they played their first group game in the 1955\u201358 Inter-Cities Fairs Cup on 16 May 1956, a goalless draw away at Inter Milan. The competition lasted over three English seasons with the final not played until 1958. Invitations to enter the Fairs Cup, a tournament set up to promote industrial trade fairs, were extended to the city hosting the trade fair rather than to clubs. Some cities entered a select team including players from more than one club, but Aston Villa, the other major club based in the city of Birmingham, rejected the opportunity to field a combined team.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [35, 35], "content_span": [36, 703]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073321-0002-0000", "contents": "1955\u201356 Birmingham City F.C. season\nTwenty-four players made at least one appearance in nationally or internationally organised first-team competition, and there were thirteen different goalscorers. Goalkeeper Gil Merrick and forwards Eddy Brown and Peter Murphy played in 46 of the 50 first-team matches over the season, and Brown finished as leading goalscorer with 29 goals in all competitions, of which 21 were scored in the league.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [35, 35], "content_span": [36, 436]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073321-0003-0000", "contents": "1955\u201356 Birmingham City F.C. season, Football League First Division\nNote that not all teams completed their playing season on the same day. Birmingham were in fourth position after their last game of the season, on 21 April, but by the time the last game was played, on 2 May, they were sixth, having been overtaken by Manchester City and Arsenal.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 67], "content_span": [68, 347]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073322-0000-0000", "contents": "1955\u201356 Blackpool F.C. season\nThe 1955\u201356 season was Blackpool F.C. 's 48th season (45th consecutive) in the Football League. They competed in the 22-team Division One, then the top tier of English football, finishing second, their highest finish in the English league system to date, despite losing their final four League games.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [29, 29], "content_span": [30, 330]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073322-0001-0000", "contents": "1955\u201356 Blackpool F.C. season\nJackie Mudie was the club's top scorer, with 22 goals in all competitions.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [29, 29], "content_span": [30, 104]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073323-0000-0000", "contents": "1955\u201356 Boston Bruins season\nThe 1955\u201356 Boston Bruins season was the Bruins' 32nd season in the NHL.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [28, 28], "content_span": [29, 101]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073323-0001-0000", "contents": "1955\u201356 Boston Bruins season, Playoffs\nThe Bruins failed to make the playoffs\u00a0\u2013 leading to a moment of NHL history.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 38], "content_span": [39, 115]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073323-0002-0000", "contents": "1955\u201356 Boston Bruins season, Playoffs\nAs was then customary for the Bruins when missing the playoffs, the team played an exhibition tour. This resulted in the first ever outdoor game in Canada involving an NHL team, the 1956 Boston Bruins exhibition game in Newfoundland, on the night of April 9, 1956.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 38], "content_span": [39, 303]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073324-0000-0000", "contents": "1955\u201356 Boston Celtics season\nThe 1955\u201356 NBA season was the Celtics' 10th season in the NBA. This was the last time the Celtics failed to advance to the NBA Finals until 1966\u201367.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [29, 29], "content_span": [30, 179]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073325-0000-0000", "contents": "1955\u201356 Bradford City A.F.C. season\nThe 1955\u201356 Bradford City A.F.C. season was the 43rd in the club's history.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [35, 35], "content_span": [36, 111]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073325-0001-0000", "contents": "1955\u201356 Bradford City A.F.C. season\nThe club finished 8th in Division Three North, and reached the 2nd round of the FA Cup.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [35, 35], "content_span": [36, 123]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073326-0000-0000", "contents": "1955\u201356 Brentford F.C. season\nDuring the 1955\u201356 English football season, Brentford competed in the Football League Third Division South. A promising 6th-place finish was achieved with a squad mainly drawn from the club's youth system.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [29, 29], "content_span": [30, 235]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073326-0001-0000", "contents": "1955\u201356 Brentford F.C. season, Season summary\nAfter finishing the previous season strongly, Brentford went into the 1955\u201356 Third Division South season full of optimism. Youth products Jim Towers and Dennis Heath had established themselves in the first team, while George Francis and Gerry Cakebread also made their debuts. Full backs Alan Bassham, George Lowden and half backs Wally Bragg and George Bristow also made up the ranks of home-grown players in the first team squad and forward John Pearson would be another to graduate from the youth team during the 1955\u201356 season. Chelsea full back Sid Tickridge was manager Bill Dodgin Sr.'s only major signing of the off-season and he replaced Frank Latimer as club captain.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 45], "content_span": [46, 724]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073326-0002-0000", "contents": "1955\u201356 Brentford F.C. season, Season summary\nDespite winning more games than they had lost, Brentford hovered in mid-table during the opening three months of the season. Forward Jeff Taylor led the attack and scored 11 goals in as many matches during a five-week period in September and October 1955. Buoyed by four goals in five league matches by Wendell Morgan and news from the boardroom that a \u00a39,000 profit had been made on the year ending in May 1955 (equivalent to \u00a3237,900 in 2021), the Bees moved as high as 8th-place in early December, before losing form again later in the month.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 45], "content_span": [46, 591]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073326-0003-0000", "contents": "1955\u201356 Brentford F.C. season, Season summary\nVictory over Exeter City on 4 February 1956 was the first win of a strong run which lasted for the remainder of the season and resulted in a 6th-place finish, 11 points behind the top-three clubs. During the season, 22-goal Jim Towers and goalkeeper Gerry Cakebread established themselves as two of the best players in the Third Division South. After nearly 27 years as a player, assistant manager and caretaker manager at Griffin Park, long-serving Jimmy Bain retired at the end of season. He received a Long Service Medal from the Football League in recognition.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 45], "content_span": [46, 610]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073327-0000-0000", "contents": "1955\u201356 British Home Championship\nThe 1955\u201356 British Home Championship was a football tournament played during the 1955\u201356 season between the British Home Nations. It was the only occasion during the hundred-year run of the Home Championship in which all four teams finished level on points. As goal difference was not used to determine position until 1979, all four teams shared the trophy, holding it for three months each. Had goal difference been used to determine the winner, then England would have won with Scotland second.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [33, 33], "content_span": [34, 531]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073327-0001-0000", "contents": "1955\u201356 British Home Championship\nThe competition began unusually with victories by underdogs Wales and Ireland over England and Scotland in their opening matches. This gave added incentive to the favourites in the following matches, which England and Scotland both won easily. Nevertheless, all four teams stood a good chance of victory going into the final round, with both Wales and Ireland seeking a rare undisputed tournament success. However the teams cancelled each other out, both matches resulting in 1\u20131 draws leaving all four equal on points and thus sharing the trophy.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [33, 33], "content_span": [34, 581]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073328-0000-0000", "contents": "1955\u201356 British National League season\nThe 1955\u201356 British National League season was the second season of the British National League. Five teams participated in the league, and the Nottingham Panthers won the championship.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [38, 38], "content_span": [39, 224]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073329-0000-0000", "contents": "1955\u201356 Bulgarian Hockey League season\nThe 1955\u201356 Bulgarian Hockey League season was the fifth season of the Bulgarian Hockey League, the top level of ice hockey in Bulgaria. Eight teams participated in the league, and Cerveno Zname Sofia won the championship.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [38, 38], "content_span": [39, 261]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073330-0000-0000", "contents": "1955\u201356 Cardiff City F.C. season\nThe 1955\u201356 season was Cardiff City F.C. 's 29th season in the Football League. They competed in the 22-team Division One, then the first tier of English football, finishing seventeenth.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [32, 32], "content_span": [33, 219]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073330-0001-0000", "contents": "1955\u201356 Cardiff City F.C. season, Season review, FA Cup\nAfter beating Leeds United in their first game, Cardiff were eliminated by West Ham United in the fourth round.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 55], "content_span": [56, 167]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073330-0002-0000", "contents": "1955\u201356 Cardiff City F.C. season, Season review, Welsh Cup\nCardiff were drawn against Pembroke Borough in the fifth round for the second time in a row and, after a 2\u20132 draw, advanced to the sixth round with a 9\u20130 replay win. Wins over Wrexham and Oswestry Town saw the club reach the final, beating South Wales rivals Swansea Town 3\u20132, with a brace from Brian Walsh and one goal from John McSeveney winning the trophy for the eighth time in the club's history and their first since 1930.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 58], "content_span": [59, 487]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073330-0003-0000", "contents": "1955\u201356 Cardiff City F.C. season, Players\nNote: Flags indicate national team as defined under FIFA eligibility rules. Players may hold more than one non-FIFA nationality.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 41], "content_span": [42, 170]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073331-0000-0000", "contents": "1955\u201356 Carlisle United F.C. season\nFor the 1955\u201356 season, Carlisle United F.C. competed in Football League Third Division North.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [35, 35], "content_span": [36, 130]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073332-0000-0000", "contents": "1955\u201356 Celtic F.C. season\nDuring the 1955\u201356 Scottish football season, Celtic competed in Scottish Division One.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [26, 26], "content_span": [27, 113]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073333-0000-0000", "contents": "1955\u201356 Challenge Cup\nThe 1955\u201356 Challenge Cup was the 55th staging of rugby league's oldest knockout competition, the Challenge Cup.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [21, 21], "content_span": [22, 134]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073333-0001-0000", "contents": "1955\u201356 Challenge Cup, Final\nIn the Challenge Cup tournament's final St. Helens faced Halifax. Played on 28 April 1956 at Wembley Stadium in front of a crowd of 79,341, St Helens won 13-2. This was Saints' first Challenge Cup final win in five Final appearances. Alan Prescott, their prop forward was awarded the Lance Todd Trophy for man-of-the-match.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [23, 28], "content_span": [29, 352]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073333-0002-0000", "contents": "1955\u201356 Challenge Cup, Final\nThe St Helens team was greeted enthusiastically upon their return to the North. After detraining at Liverpool the team's open-top coach ride to St Helens attracted an estimated 100,000 people despite pouring rain.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [23, 28], "content_span": [29, 242]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073334-0000-0000", "contents": "1955\u201356 Chester F.C. season\nThe 1955\u201356 season was the 18th season of competitive association football in the Football League played by Chester, an English club based in Chester, Cheshire.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [27, 27], "content_span": [28, 188]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073334-0001-0000", "contents": "1955\u201356 Chester F.C. season\nIt was the club's 18th consecutive season in the Third Division North since the election to the Football League. Alongside competing in the league, the club also participated in the FA Cup and the Welsh Cup.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [27, 27], "content_span": [28, 235]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073335-0000-0000", "contents": "1955\u201356 Chicago Black Hawks season\nThe 1955\u201356 Chicago Black Hawks season was the team's 30th season in the NHL, and the club was coming off their second straight last place finish in 1954\u201355, when they had a record of 13\u201340\u201317, earning 43 points. The struggling franchise had finished in the NHL cellar for seven times in the past nine seasons.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [34, 34], "content_span": [35, 345]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073335-0001-0000", "contents": "1955\u201356 Chicago Black Hawks season\nThe Black Hawks would not bring back head coach Frank Eddolls, as they hired Dick Irvin, who had previously coached the Black Hawks in 1928\u201329 and 1930\u201331. After leaving Chicago in 1931, Irvin would coach the Toronto Maple Leafs from 1931\u201340, winning the 1932 Stanley Cup, then he went on to coach the Montreal Canadiens from 1940\u201355, winning three Stanley Cups with the team in 1944, 1946 and 1953. Also, in the off-season, the Hawks acquired Johnny Wilson and Glen Skov from the Detroit Red Wings.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [34, 34], "content_span": [35, 534]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073335-0002-0000", "contents": "1955\u201356 Chicago Black Hawks season\nThe team would get off to their best start in a few seasons, as they played .500 hockey in their opening 10 games, as Chicago had a record of 4\u20134\u20132. The team would hover around the .500 mark through the first 23 games before falling into a slump, in which they would go 11\u201330\u20136 in their remaining 47 games to finish the season in last place for the eighth time in ten seasons. Despite the last place finish, Chicago improved their win total to 19 games and their point total to 50, which represented their highest totals since the 1952\u201353 season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [34, 34], "content_span": [35, 581]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073335-0003-0000", "contents": "1955\u201356 Chicago Black Hawks season\nOffensively, Chicago was led by Red Sullivan, who had a team high 40 points, as he scored 14 goals and added 26 assists. Newly acquired Johnny Wilson scored a team high 24 goals, becoming the first Black Hawk since 1953 to score over 20 goals, while Ed Litzenberger had a club best 29 assists, en route to a 39-point season. Allan Stanley led the defense with 14 assists and 18 points, while fellow blueliner Jack McIntyre scored a defense leading 10 goals, while adding 5 assists for 15 points. Team captain Gus Mortson also had 15 points from the blueline, along with 87 penalty minutes. Lee Fogolin Sr. led the team in that category though, accumulating 88 penalty minutes.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [34, 34], "content_span": [35, 711]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073335-0004-0000", "contents": "1955\u201356 Chicago Black Hawks season\nIn goal, Al Rollins played the majority of games, leading the team in wins at 17, and GAA at 2.95. He also earned 3 shutouts.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [34, 34], "content_span": [35, 160]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073336-0000-0000", "contents": "1955\u201356 Colchester United F.C. season\nThe 1955\u201356 season was Colchester United's 14th season in their history and their sixth season in the Third Division South, the third tier of English football. Alongside competing in the Third Division South, the club also participated in the FA Cup in which the club were eliminated by Torquay United in the first round. The season was Benny Fenton's first full campaign in charge, and after building his own squad over the summer, he led Colchester to their highest position since the 1951\u201352 season with a 12th-placed finish. This came on the back of two consecutive seasons of successful re-election applications.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [37, 37], "content_span": [38, 655]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073336-0001-0000", "contents": "1955\u201356 Colchester United F.C. season, Season overview\nManager Benny Fenton assembled his own squad for the 1955\u201356 season, bringing in goalkeeper Percy Ames from Tottenham Hotspur, while also signing a number of players from Scottish junior football including John Fowler, Bobby Hill and Sammy McLeod.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [39, 54], "content_span": [55, 302]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073336-0002-0000", "contents": "1955\u201356 Colchester United F.C. season, Season overview\nFenton's side played an exciting attacking game. They scored 76 goals in the league, with Kevin McCurley scoring a club Football League best total of 29 goals, and strike partner Ken Plant scoring 17. Both players notched two hat-tricks each during the season as the club safely finished the campaign in 12th-place.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [39, 54], "content_span": [55, 370]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073336-0003-0000", "contents": "1955\u201356 Colchester United F.C. season, Season overview\nColchester played their first game under floodlights on 28 February 1955 when they beat Reading 3\u20131 at Elm Park. While Layer Road was still bereft of floodlighting, lighting had been installed for training purposes at the ground.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [39, 54], "content_span": [55, 284]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073336-0004-0000", "contents": "1955\u201356 Colchester United F.C. season, Squad statistics, Player debuts\nPlayers making their first-team Colchester United debut in a fully competitive match.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [39, 70], "content_span": [71, 156]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073337-0000-0000", "contents": "1955\u201356 Connecticut Huskies men's basketball team\nThe 1955\u201356 Connecticut Huskies men's basketball team represented the University of Connecticut in the 1955\u201356 collegiate men's basketball season. The Huskies completed the season with a 17\u201311 overall record. The Huskies were members of the Yankee Conference, where they ended the season with a 7\u20131 record. They were the Yankee Conference regular season champions and made it to the sweet sixteen in the 1956 NCAA Men's Division I Basketball Tournament. The Huskies played their home games at Hugh S. Greer Field House in Storrs, Connecticut, and were led by tenth-year head coach Hugh Greer.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 49], "section_span": [49, 49], "content_span": [50, 642]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073338-0000-0000", "contents": "1955\u201356 Copa M\u00e9xico\nThe Copa M\u00e9xico 1955\u201356 was the 40th edition of the Copa M\u00e9xico and the 13th staging in the professional era.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [19, 19], "content_span": [20, 129]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073338-0001-0000", "contents": "1955\u201356 Copa M\u00e9xico\nThe competition started on April 7, 1956, and concluded on May 27, 1956, with the Final, held at the Estadio Ol\u00edmpico de la Ciudad de los Deportes in Mexico City, in which Toluca defeated Irapuato 2\u20131 to win the club's first cup title.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [19, 19], "content_span": [20, 255]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073339-0000-0000", "contents": "1955\u201356 Cypriot First Division\nStatistics of the Cypriot First Division for the 1955\u201356 season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [30, 30], "content_span": [31, 95]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073339-0001-0000", "contents": "1955\u201356 Cypriot First Division, Overview\nIt was contested by 9 teams, and AEL Limassol won the championship.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 40], "content_span": [41, 108]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073340-0000-0000", "contents": "1955\u201356 Cypriot Second Division\nThe 1955\u201356 Cypriot Second Division was the 3rd season of the Cypriot second-level football league. Aris Limassol won their 2nd title.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [31, 31], "content_span": [32, 166]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073340-0001-0000", "contents": "1955\u201356 Cypriot Second Division, Format\nEight teams participated in the 1955\u201356 Cypriot Second Division. The league was split into two geographical groups, depending from which Districts of Cyprus each participated team came from. All teams of each group played against each other twice, once at their home and once away. The team with the most points at the end of the season were crowned group champions. The winners of each group played against each other in the final phase of the competition and the winner were the champions of the Second Division. The champion was promoted to the 1956\u201357 Cypriot First Division.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 39], "content_span": [40, 619]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073340-0002-0000", "contents": "1955\u201356 Cypriot Second Division, Format\nTeams received two points for a win, one point for a draw and zero points for a loss.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 39], "content_span": [40, 125]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073340-0003-0000", "contents": "1955\u201356 Cypriot Second Division, Champions Playoffs\nAris Limassol were the champions of the Second Division and they were promoted to the 1956\u201357 Cypriot First Division.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 51], "content_span": [52, 169]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073341-0000-0000", "contents": "1955\u201356 Czechoslovak Extraliga season\nThe 1955\u201356 Czechoslovak Extraliga season was the 13th season of the Czechoslovak Extraliga, the top level of ice hockey in Czechoslovakia. 15 teams participated in the league, and Ruda Hvezda Brno won the championship.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [37, 37], "content_span": [38, 257]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073342-0000-0000", "contents": "1955\u201356 DDR-Oberliga (ice hockey) season\nThe 1955\u201356 DDR-Oberliga season was the eighth season of the DDR-Oberliga, the top level of ice hockey in East Germany. Four teams participated in the league, and SG Dynamo Wei\u00dfwasser won the championship.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [40, 40], "content_span": [41, 246]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073343-0000-0000", "contents": "1955\u201356 DFB-Pokal\nThe 1955\u201356 DFB-Pokal was the 13th season of the annual German football cup competition. It began on 29 April 1956 and ended on 5 August 1956. Five teams, one from each regional federation, competed in the tournament during three rounds. In the final Karlsruher SC defeated Hamburger SV 3\u20132, thereby defending their title from the preceding season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [17, 17], "content_span": [18, 366]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073344-0000-0000", "contents": "1955\u201356 Danish 1st Division, Overview\nIt was contested by 10 teams, and Aarhus Gymnastikforening won the championship.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 37], "content_span": [38, 118]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073345-0000-0000", "contents": "1955\u201356 Danish Cup\nThe 1955\u201356 Danish Cup was the 2nd installment of the Danish Cup, the highest football competition in Denmark.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 18], "section_span": [18, 18], "content_span": [19, 129]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073346-0000-0000", "contents": "1955\u201356 Danish Ice Hockey Championship season\nThe 1955\u201356 Danish Ice Hockey Championship season was the second season of ice hockey in Denmark. KSF Copenhagen won the championship by defeating Rungsted IK in the final.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 45], "section_span": [45, 45], "content_span": [46, 218]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073346-0001-0000", "contents": "1955\u201356 Danish Ice Hockey Championship season, J\u00fctland Regional Tournament\nSilkeborg SF qualified with four wins against the other teams and a goal difference of 28:9.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 45], "section_span": [47, 74], "content_span": [75, 167]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073346-0002-0000", "contents": "1955\u201356 Danish Ice Hockey Championship season, Final\nDue to logistical problems Silkeborg SF did not participate in the final tournament. That left two teams, KSF Copenhagen and Rungsted IK, left to play in the finals. The final was held on a frozen-over tennis court in H\u00f8rsholm. Ice conditions were poor due to recent warm temperatures, so KSF Copenhagen initially proposed to play the game as a friendly only. This proposal was rejected by Rungsted IK.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 45], "section_span": [47, 52], "content_span": [53, 455]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073347-0000-0000", "contents": "1955\u201356 Detroit Red Wings season\nThe 1955\u201356 Detroit Red Wings season was the Red Wings' 30th season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [32, 32], "content_span": [33, 101]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073347-0001-0000", "contents": "1955\u201356 Detroit Red Wings season, Player statistics, Playoffs\nNote: GP = Games played; G = Goals; A = Assists; Pts = Points; +/- = Plus-minus PIM = Penalty minutes; PPG = Power-play goals; SHG = Short-handed goals; GWG = Game-winning goals;\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0MIN = Minutes played; W = Wins; L = Losses; T = Ties; GA = Goals against; GAA = Goals-against average;  SO = Shutouts;", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 61], "content_span": [62, 364]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073348-0000-0000", "contents": "1955\u201356 Drexel Dragons men's basketball team\nThe 1955\u201356 Drexel Dragons men's basketball team represented Drexel Institute of Technology during the 1955\u201356 men's basketball season. The Dragons, led by 4th year head coach Samuel Cozen, played their home games at Sayre High School and were members of the College\u2013Southern division of the Middle Atlantic Conferences (MAC).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [44, 44], "content_span": [45, 371]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073348-0001-0000", "contents": "1955\u201356 Drexel Dragons men's basketball team\nThe team finished the season 10\u20138, and finished in 1st place in the MAC in the regular season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [44, 44], "content_span": [45, 139]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073349-0000-0000", "contents": "1955\u201356 Duke Blue Devils men's basketball team\nThe 1955\u201356 Duke Blue Devils men's basketball team represented Duke University in the 1955\u201356 NCAA men's basketball season. The head coach was Harold Bradley and the team finished the season with an overall record of 19\u20137.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 46], "section_span": [46, 46], "content_span": [47, 269]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073350-0000-0000", "contents": "1955\u201356 Dumbarton F.C. season\nThe 1955\u201356 season was the 72nd Scottish football season in which Dumbarton competed at national level, entering the Scottish Football League, the Scottish Cup and the Scottish League Cup. In addition Dumbarton competed in the Stirlingshire Cup.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [29, 29], "content_span": [30, 275]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073350-0001-0000", "contents": "1955\u201356 Dumbarton F.C. season, Scottish League\nThe return to the 'top' divisions in Scottish League football was a success in many ways with Dumbarton always challenging the top places in the Second Division throughout the campaign - but eventually had to settle for a 4th place out of 19, only 7 points behind champions Queen's Park (and just 4 short of a promotion place).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 46], "content_span": [47, 374]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073350-0002-0000", "contents": "1955\u201356 Dumbarton F.C. season, Scottish Cup\nDumbarton negotiated a tricky tie against Highland League opposition in the third round of the Cup, before losing out to Dundee United in the next round.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 43], "content_span": [44, 197]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073350-0003-0000", "contents": "1955\u201356 Dumbarton F.C. season, Scottish League Cup\nFor the first time, Dumbarton qualified from their League Cup section, winning 3 and drawing the other of their 4 matches. In a play off, Morton were seen off - before Division A St Mirren were to prove to be too much for them in the quarter final.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 50], "content_span": [51, 299]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073350-0004-0000", "contents": "1955\u201356 Dumbarton F.C. season, Stirlingshire Cup\nThe county cup semi final tie was a thriller, where Dumbarton lost by the odd goal in 11 against A Division opponents Falkirk.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 48], "content_span": [49, 175]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073350-0005-0000", "contents": "1955\u201356 Dumbarton F.C. season, Player statistics, Transfers\nAmongst those players joining and leaving the club were the following:", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 59], "content_span": [60, 130]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073350-0006-0000", "contents": "1955\u201356 Dumbarton F.C. season, Reserve team\nDumbarton only played one official 'reserve' match in the Second XI Cup, losing in the first round to Partick Thistle.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 43], "content_span": [44, 162]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073351-0000-0000", "contents": "1955\u201356 Dundee F.C. season\nThe 1955\u201356 season was the fifty-fourth season in which Dundee competed at a Scottish national level, playing in Division One, where the club would finish in 13th place. Dundee would also compete in both the Scottish Cup and the Scottish League Cup. They would be knocked out of the group stages of the League Cup, and would be defeated by Rangers in the 6th round of the Scottish Cup.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [26, 26], "content_span": [27, 412]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073352-0000-0000", "contents": "1955\u201356 Dundee United F.C. season\nThe 1955\u201356 season was the 48th year of football played by Dundee United, and covers the period from 1 July 1955 to 30 June 1956. United finished in eighth place in the Second Division.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [33, 33], "content_span": [34, 219]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073352-0001-0000", "contents": "1955\u201356 Dundee United F.C. season, Match results\nDundee United played a total of 45 competitive matches during the 1955\u201356 season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 48], "content_span": [49, 130]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073352-0002-0000", "contents": "1955\u201356 Dundee United F.C. season, Match results, Legend\nAll results are written with Dundee United's score first. Own goals in italics", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 56], "content_span": [57, 135]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073353-0000-0000", "contents": "1955\u201356 Eerste Klasse\n1955\u201356 Eerste Klasse was a Dutch soccer season of the Eerste Klasse division. It was the first season in which the Eerste Klasse was no longer the senior competition of the Netherlands, as a professional Hoofdklasse had been created just above. The Eerste Klasse continued as professional soccer, also in the 1955\u201356 season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [21, 21], "content_span": [22, 347]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073353-0001-0000", "contents": "1955\u201356 Eerste Klasse\nThere were three Eerste Klasse sections: A, B, and C. A and B had 14 teams each, C had 16 teams.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [21, 21], "content_span": [22, 118]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073354-0000-0000", "contents": "1955\u201356 Egyptian Premier League\nThe 1955\u201356 Egyptian Premier League, was the 6th season of the Egyptian Premier League, the top Egyptian professional league for association football clubs, since its establishment in 1948. The season started on 23 September 1955 and concluded on 23 July 1956. Defending champions Al Ahly won their 6th consecutive and 6th overall Egyptian Premier League title in the club history.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [31, 31], "content_span": [32, 413]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073354-0001-0000", "contents": "1955\u201356 Egyptian Premier League, League Table\n(C)= Champions, (R)= Relegated, Pld = Matches played; W = Matches won; D = Matches drawn; L = Matches lost; F = Goals for; A = Goals against; \u00b1 = Goal difference; Pts = Points.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 45], "content_span": [46, 222]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073355-0000-0000", "contents": "1955\u201356 European Cup\nThe 1955\u201356 European Cup was the first season of the European Cup, UEFA's premier club football tournament. The tournament was won by Real Madrid, who defeated Stade de Reims 4\u20133 in the final at Parc des Princes, Paris, on 13 June 1956.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [20, 20], "content_span": [21, 257]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073355-0001-0000", "contents": "1955\u201356 European Cup\nThe participating clubs in the first five seasons of the European Cup were selected by French football magazine L'Equipe on the basis that they were representative and prestigious clubs in Europe. When the tournament started, Real Madrid CF, Anderlecht, A.C. Milan, Rot-Weiss Essen, Stade de Reims, Djurg\u00e5rdens IF Fotboll and AGF Aarhus were the reigning champions of their respective national leagues.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [20, 20], "content_span": [21, 423]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073355-0001-0001", "contents": "1955\u201356 European Cup\nOf the originally selected teams, Chelsea went as far as being placed in the draw and were scheduled to face Swedish side Djurg\u00e5rden but were then barred from participation by The Football Association, who saw the tournament as a distraction to domestic football and Scottish champions Aberdeen had the same reasons. Chelsea were replaced by Gwardia Warszawa of Poland.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [20, 20], "content_span": [21, 390]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073355-0001-0002", "contents": "1955\u201356 European Cup\nIn addition, Holland Sport, Honv\u00e9d and AB rejected the opportunity to represent the Netherlands, Hungary and Denmark respectively, being replaced by PSV Eindhoven, V\u00f6r\u00f6s Lobog\u00f3 and AGF Aarhus (PSV and V\u00f6r\u00f6s Lobog\u00f3 becoming the last teams until 1997\u201398 to qualify for the European Cup not by either winning a domestic league or being current title holders). This was also the only UEFA tournament to include a representative of Saarland, unified into West Germany in 1957.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [20, 20], "content_span": [21, 492]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073355-0002-0000", "contents": "1955\u201356 European Cup\nThe first round pairings were fixed by the organisers and not drawn as would be the case for all future European Cup matches.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [20, 20], "content_span": [21, 146]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073355-0003-0000", "contents": "1955\u201356 European Cup, Quarter-finals, First leg\nNote - differences in information: RSSSF website indicates that the goal scored on 26 minute was scored by Robert K\u00f6rner, while UEFA website indicates that it was scored by Alfred K\u00f6rner", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [22, 47], "content_span": [48, 234]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073356-0000-0000", "contents": "1955\u201356 European Rugby League Championship\nThis was the fifteenth European Championship and was won for the second time by the Other Nationalities.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 42], "section_span": [42, 42], "content_span": [43, 147]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073357-0000-0000", "contents": "1955\u201356 Everton F.C. season\nDuring the 1955\u201356 English football season, Everton F.C. competed in the Football League First Division.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [27, 27], "content_span": [28, 132]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073357-0001-0000", "contents": "1955\u201356 Everton F.C. season, Final League Table\nP = Matches played; W = Matches won; D = Matches drawn; L = Matches lost; F = Goals for; A = Goals against; GA = Goal average; GD = Goal difference; Pts = Points", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 47], "content_span": [48, 209]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073358-0000-0000", "contents": "1955\u201356 FA Cup\nThe 1955\u201356 FA Cup  was the 75th staging of the world's oldest football cup competition, the FA Cup. Manchester City won the competition, beating Birmingham City 3\u20131 in the final at Wembley, London.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [14, 14], "content_span": [15, 213]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073358-0001-0000", "contents": "1955\u201356 FA Cup\nMatches were scheduled to be played at the stadium of the team named first on the date specified for each round, which was always a Saturday. If scores were level after 90 minutes had been played, a replay would take place at the stadium of the second-named team later the same week. If the replayed match was drawn further replays would be held at neutral venues until a winner was determined. If scores were level after 90 minutes had been played in a replay, a 30-minute period of extra time would be played.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [14, 14], "content_span": [15, 526]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073358-0002-0000", "contents": "1955\u201356 FA Cup, Results, First Round Proper\nAt this stage the 48 Third Division North and Third Division South clubs joined the 30 non-league clubs who came through the qualifying rounds plus Bishop Auckland and Hendon were given byes to this round.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [16, 43], "content_span": [44, 249]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073358-0003-0000", "contents": "1955\u201356 FA Cup, Results, First Round Proper\nThe matches were played on Saturday, 19 November 1955. Seven matches were drawn, with replays taking place later that week. Two ties needed a second replay, which took place on the following Monday, 28 November 1955.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [16, 43], "content_span": [44, 260]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073358-0004-0000", "contents": "1955\u201356 FA Cup, Results, Second Round Proper\nThe matches were played on Saturday, 10 December 1955. Seven matches were drawn, with replays taking place later that week.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [16, 44], "content_span": [45, 168]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073358-0005-0000", "contents": "1955\u201356 FA Cup, Results, Third Round Proper\nThis round was the first in which the 44 Second Division and First Division (top-flight) teams entered the competition. The matches were scheduled to be played on Saturday, 7 January 1956, though four were postponed until later that week because of bad weather. Four matches were drawn, with replays taking place later that week.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [16, 43], "content_span": [44, 373]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073358-0006-0000", "contents": "1955\u201356 FA Cup, Results, Fourth Round Proper\nThe matches were played on Saturday, 28 January 1956. Four matches were drawn, three of which were settled in a single replay. The fourth, between Burnley and Chelsea, was eventually decided in Chelsea's favour in the fourth replay, played 18 days after the date of the original tie.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [16, 44], "content_span": [45, 328]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073358-0007-0000", "contents": "1955\u201356 FA Cup, Results, Fifth Round Proper\nThe matches were played on Saturday, 18 February 1956. Three matches were drawn, with replays taking place later that week.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [16, 43], "content_span": [44, 167]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073358-0008-0000", "contents": "1955\u201356 FA Cup, Final rounds, Final\nThe final took place on Saturday, 5 May 1956 at Wembley and ended 3\u20131, with goals scored by Joe Hayes, Bobby Johnstone and Jack Dyson for Manchester City and Noel Kinsey for Birmingham City. The attendance was 100,000. The match is remembered for an incident where Manchester City goalkeeper Bert Trautmann sustained a neck injury diving at the feet of Birmingham attacker Peter Murphy; he completed the game in considerable pain, and later examination discovered he had broken a bone in his neck.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [16, 35], "content_span": [36, 533]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073359-0000-0000", "contents": "1955\u201356 FA Cup qualifying rounds\nThe FA Cup 1955\u201356 is the 75th season of the world's oldest football knockout competition; The Football Association Challenge Cup, or FA Cup for short. The large number of clubs entering the tournament from lower down the English football league system meant that the competition started with a number of preliminary and qualifying rounds. The 30 victorious teams from the Fourth Round Qualifying progressed to the First Round Proper.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [32, 32], "content_span": [33, 467]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073359-0001-0000", "contents": "1955\u201356 FA Cup qualifying rounds, 4th qualifying round\nThe teams that given byes to this round are Crook Town, Walthamstow Avenue, Yeovil Town, Gainsborough Trinity, Weymouth, Rhyl, Hereford United, Wigan Athletic, Blyth Spartans, Peterborough United, Headington United, Hastings United, Guildford City, Spennymoor United, Horden Colliery Welfare, Nuneaton Borough, Selby Town, Newport I O W, Boston United, Scarborough, Netherfield, Dorchester Town and Hinckley Athletic.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 54], "content_span": [55, 472]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073359-0002-0000", "contents": "1955\u201356 FA Cup qualifying rounds, 1955\u201356 FA Cup\nSee 1955-56 FA Cup for details of the rounds from the First Round Proper onwards.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 48], "content_span": [49, 130]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073360-0000-0000", "contents": "1955\u201356 FC Basel season\nThe 1955\u201356 season was Fussball Club Basel 1893's 62nd season in their existence. It was their tenth consecutive season in the top flight of Swiss football after their promotion from the Nationalliga B the season 1945\u201346. They played their home games in the Landhof, in the Wettstein Quarter in Kleinbasel. Jules D\u00fcblin was the club's chairman. It was his tenth successive season as chairman.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [23, 23], "content_span": [24, 416]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073360-0001-0000", "contents": "1955\u201356 FC Basel season, Overview\nDuring the previous four or five years the number of players joining and leaving the club was increasing consideribly. The other Swiss clubs politics of buying new players was increasing strongly and transfer fees rose rapidly in this period. Basel, under the leadership of Jules D\u00fcblin, were trying to stay clear of this transfer trading.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 33], "content_span": [34, 373]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073360-0001-0001", "contents": "1955\u201356 FC Basel season, Overview\nBut because at the beginning of the previous season they had lost important players, such as goalkeeper Gianfranco de Taddeo to Cantonal Neuchatel, midfielder Kurt Maurer to La Chaux-de-Fonds and striker Walter Bielser to Biel-Bienne, the Basel board of directors were changing their approach to the subject. D\u00fcblin explained the situation at the AGM and the club members gave him the rights to strengthen the team. B\u00e9la S\u00e1rosi was hired as new team manager.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 33], "content_span": [34, 492]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073360-0001-0002", "contents": "1955\u201356 FC Basel season, Overview\nVarious transfers were made, Werner Schley returned from Grasshopper Club, Gottlieb St\u00e4uble returned from Lausanne-Sport, Walter Bielser returned from Biel-Bienne, Silvan Th\u00fcler was hired from Solothurn and Peter-J\u00fcrgen Sanmann was hired from Concordia Hamburg. The exact amount that this all cost is not recorded, but the club needed to take up credits, one of which came from the city of Basel over the amount of 30,000 Swiss Francs.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 33], "content_span": [34, 469]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073360-0002-0000", "contents": "1955\u201356 FC Basel season, Overview\nAs mentioned B\u00e9la S\u00e1rosi was hired in as new team manager. The Hungarian ex-international footballer had been team manager by Lugano the previous two seasons. He replaced Ren\u00e9 Bader who continued as player. There were fourteen teams contesting in the 1955\u201356 Nationalliga A, these were the top 12 teams from the previous season and the two newly promoted teams Urania Gen\u00e8ve Sport and FC Schaffhausen. Again this season, the bottom two teams in the table were to be relegated. Basel won 10 of their 26 games and drew six times and lost 10 times. They scored 47 goals and conceded 50. Basel ended the championship with 26 points in 7th position. They were 16 points behind new champions Grasshopper Club. Grenchen and Fribourg suffered relegation.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 33], "content_span": [34, 780]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073360-0003-0000", "contents": "1955\u201356 FC Basel season, Overview\nJosef H\u00fcgi was again Basel's top league goal scorer with 14 goals and he was joint seventh league top scorer behind Branislav Vukosavljevi\u0107 from Grasshopper Club who had scored 33 times. Gottlieb St\u00e4uble was Basel's second best goal scorer with 13 goals and joint ninth league top scorer.Further, Peter-J\u00fcrgen Sanmann netted six times. Four goals in one match could be noted for H\u00fcgi on 10 June 1956 and also a hat-trick for Sanmann in the same game as Basel won 9\u20131 against Fribourg. This was seen by only 3,800 supporters, Basel's lowest home attendance that season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 33], "content_span": [34, 602]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073360-0004-0000", "contents": "1955\u201356 FC Basel season, Overview\nBasel joined the Swiss Cup in the third principal round. They were drawn away against lower tier local team SC Binningen, but because they waived the home advantage the match was played at the Landhof and Basel won 5\u20130. Rolf Keller scored a hat-trick in this game. In the fourth round they were drawn at home to lower tier FC Emmenbr\u00fccke and Basel won 6\u20132. Josef H\u00fcgi scored a hat-trick in this game. In the fifth round Basel were drawn at home to Biel-Bienne. Gottlieb St\u00e4uble scored a hat-trick and Basel won 7\u20133. In the quarter-finals basel were drawn away against Cantonal Neuchatel, but here they were knocked out of the competition.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 33], "content_span": [34, 672]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073360-0005-0000", "contents": "1955\u201356 FC Basel season, Players\nThe following is the list of the Basel first team squad during the season 1955\u201356. The list includes players that were in the squad on the day that the Nationalliga A season started on 28 August 1955 but subsequently left the club after that date.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 32], "content_span": [33, 280]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073360-0006-0000", "contents": "1955\u201356 FC Basel season, Players\nNote: Flags indicate national team as defined under FIFA eligibility rules. Players may hold more than one non-FIFA nationality.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 32], "content_span": [33, 161]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073360-0007-0000", "contents": "1955\u201356 FC Basel season, Players\nNote: Flags indicate national team as defined under FIFA eligibility rules. Players may hold more than one non-FIFA nationality.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 32], "content_span": [33, 161]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073361-0000-0000", "contents": "1955\u201356 FK Partizan season\nThe 1955\u201356 season was the 10th season in FK Partizan's existence. This article shows player statistics and matches that the club played during the 1955\u201356 season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [26, 26], "content_span": [27, 190]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073361-0001-0000", "contents": "1955\u201356 FK Partizan season, Players, Squad information\nNote: Flags indicate national team as defined under FIFA eligibility rules. Players may hold more than one non-FIFA nationality.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [28, 54], "content_span": [55, 183]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073362-0000-0000", "contents": "1955\u201356 Football League\nThe 1955\u201356 season was the 57th completed season of The Football League.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [23, 23], "content_span": [24, 96]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073362-0001-0000", "contents": "1955\u201356 Football League, Final league tables\nThe tables below are reproduced here in the exact form that they can be found at  website and in Rothmans Book of Football League Records 1888\u201389 to 1978\u201379, with home and away statistics separated.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 44], "content_span": [45, 243]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073362-0002-0000", "contents": "1955\u201356 Football League, Final league tables\nBeginning with the season 1894\u201395, clubs finishing level on points were separated according to goal average (goals scored divided by goals conceded), or more properly put, goal ratio. In case one or more teams had the same goal difference, this system favoured those teams who had scored fewer goals. The goal average system was eventually scrapped beginning with the 1976\u201377 season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 44], "content_span": [45, 428]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073362-0003-0000", "contents": "1955\u201356 Football League, Final league tables\nFrom the 1922\u201323 season, the bottom two teams of both Third Division North and Third Division South were required to apply for re-election.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 44], "content_span": [45, 184]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073363-0000-0000", "contents": "1955\u201356 Fort Wayne Pistons season\nThe 1955\u201356 Fort Wayne Pistons season was the eighth season for the Pistons in the National Basketball Association (NBA) and 15th season as a franchise. In the Western Division Finals the Pistons defeated the St. Louis Hawks in a best-of-five series 3\u20132 to reach the NBA Finals. They would go on to lose the Finals in five games to the Philadelphia Warriors.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [33, 33], "content_span": [34, 392]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073364-0000-0000", "contents": "1955\u201356 Four Hills Tournament\nThe fourth edition of the annual Four Hills Tournament in Germany and Austria was the first of its kind to have ski jumpers from the Warsaw Pact zone competing.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [29, 29], "content_span": [30, 190]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073364-0001-0000", "contents": "1955\u201356 Four Hills Tournament\nThe Finnish delegation around defending champion Hemmo Silvennoinen did not compete in the second half of the tournament, even though they had a double-lead at that time. Similarly, the two leaders after the third event (Harry Gla\u00df and Max Bolkart) did not record a competitive score at the final event in Bischofshofen. With many athletes not participating through the entire tournament, the victory fell to Nikolay Kamenskiy even though he did not reach the podium at any of the single events.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [29, 29], "content_span": [30, 525]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073364-0002-0000", "contents": "1955\u201356 Four Hills Tournament, Participating nations and athletes\nThe following athletes are listed on the FIS official record, but it is likely to be incomplete.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 65], "content_span": [66, 162]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073365-0000-0000", "contents": "1955\u201356 French Division 1\nOGC Nice won Division 1 season 1955/1956 of the French Association Football League with 43 points.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [25, 25], "content_span": [26, 124]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073365-0001-0000", "contents": "1955\u201356 French Division 1, Final table\nPromoted from Division 2, who will play in Division 1 season 1956/1957", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [27, 38], "content_span": [39, 109]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073366-0000-0000", "contents": "1955\u201356 French Division 2, Overview\nIt was contested by 20 teams, and Stade Rennais won the championship.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [27, 35], "content_span": [36, 105]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073367-0000-0000", "contents": "1955\u201356 French Rugby Union Championship\nThe  1955-56 French Rugby Union Championship of first division was contested by 48 clubs divided in six pools of eight. The five better of each pool and the two better sixths (for a sum of 32 clubs) were qualified to play a \"single match play-off\" tournament.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [39, 39], "content_span": [40, 299]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073367-0001-0000", "contents": "1955\u201356 French Rugby Union Championship\nThe Championship was won by Lourdes that beat Dax in the final.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [39, 39], "content_span": [40, 103]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073368-0000-0000", "contents": "1955\u201356 Georgetown Hoyas men's basketball team\nThe 1955\u201356 Georgetown Hoyas men's basketball team represented Georgetown University during the 1955\u201356 NCAA college basketball season. Harry \"Buddy\" Jeannette coached them in his fourth and final season as head coach. The team was an independent and played its home games at McDonough Gymnasium on the Georgetown campus in Washington, D.C. It finished with a record of 13-11 and had no post-season play.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 46], "section_span": [46, 46], "content_span": [47, 451]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073368-0001-0000", "contents": "1955\u201356 Georgetown Hoyas men's basketball team, Season recap\nForward Warren Buehler had been the team's top scorer the previous season, but took a leave of absence from the team this season to recover from an injury. With Buehler out, junior forward Joe Missett took the lead, scoring in double figures in all but one game and averaging 18.3 points and 13.5 rebounds per game. The team's top scorer for the year, he also had 325 rebounds, a total unmatched in Georgetown history except by Merlin Wilson, who played center for the Hoyas from 1972 to 1976.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 46], "section_span": [48, 60], "content_span": [61, 554]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073368-0002-0000", "contents": "1955\u201356 Georgetown Hoyas men's basketball team, Season recap\nSophomore forward Ken Pichette joined the varsity after a successful season with the freshman team the previous year. Based on his freshman performance, he was expected to take the lead in scoring for the varsity team this season with Buehler out for the year, but he got off to a slow start, not scoring until his fifth game. However, he began to score steadily in January 1956, and he scored in doubled figures in 13 of the final 14 games of the year.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 46], "section_span": [48, 60], "content_span": [61, 514]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073368-0003-0000", "contents": "1955\u201356 Georgetown Hoyas men's basketball team, Season recap\nJunior forward Matt White competed with Pichette and senior forward Jack Walsh for a starting position, but he became a valuable scorer when he proved able to play effectively as a guard as well as a forward. His 24 points against Morehead State late in the season were his career high.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 46], "section_span": [48, 60], "content_span": [61, 347]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073368-0004-0000", "contents": "1955\u201356 Georgetown Hoyas men's basketball team, Season recap\nThe team finished with a record of 13-11, the only winning season for Georgetown between 1952-53 and 1961-62. It had no postseason play, and was not ranked in the Top 20 in the Associated Press Poll or Coaches' Poll at any time.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 46], "section_span": [48, 60], "content_span": [61, 289]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073368-0005-0000", "contents": "1955\u201356 Georgetown Hoyas men's basketball team, Season recap\nIn his first season, Buddy Jeannette had led Georgetown to its first-ever berth in the National Invitation Tournament; it also was only the second post-season tournament appearance in Georgetown men's basketball history and the first since the 1942-43 Hoyas played in the 1943 NCAA Tournament. A combination of injuries and academic losses led to disappointment over the next three years, and he resigned at the end of this season, departing with no other post-season tournament appearances, two winning seasons, and an overall record of 49-49 during his four-season tenure. He would later serve as head coach of the National Basketball Association's Baltimore Bullets for the 1964\u201365 season, as their interim head coach for part of the 1966\u201367 season, and as head coach of the American Basketball Association's Pittsburgh Pipers for part of the 1969\u201370 season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 46], "section_span": [48, 60], "content_span": [61, 922]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073369-0000-0000", "contents": "1955\u201356 Greek Football Cup\nThe 1955\u201356 Greek Football Cup was the 14th edition of the Greek Football Cup. The competition culminated with the Greek Cup Final, held at Leoforos Alexandras Stadium, Athens on 24 June 1956. The match was contested by AEK Athens and Olympiacos, with AEK Athens winning by 2\u20131.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [26, 26], "content_span": [27, 305]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073369-0001-0000", "contents": "1955\u201356 Greek Football Cup, Final\nThe 14th Greek Cup Final was played at the Leoforos Alexandras Stadium.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [28, 33], "content_span": [34, 105]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073370-0000-0000", "contents": "1955\u201356 Hapoel Balfouria F.C. season\nThe 1955\u201356 Hapoel Balfouria season was the club's 13th season since its establishment, in 1942, and 8th since the establishment of the State of Israel.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [36, 36], "content_span": [37, 189]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073370-0001-0000", "contents": "1955\u201356 Hapoel Balfouria F.C. season\nAt the start of the season, the league which started during the previous season was completed, with the club finishing 14th (out of 14), which meant the club relegated to the second division, which was renamed Liga Alef, and played in this division during the remainder of the season, finishing 12th (out of 12), relegating to the third division ahead of the next season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [36, 36], "content_span": [37, 408]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073370-0002-0000", "contents": "1955\u201356 Hapoel Balfouria F.C. season, Match Results, 1954\u201355 Liga Alef\nThe league began on 6 February 1955, and by the time the previous season ended, only 20 rounds of matches were completed, with the final 6 rounds being played during September and October 1955.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 70], "content_span": [71, 264]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073370-0003-0000", "contents": "1955\u201356 Hapoel Balfouria F.C. season, Match Results, 1955\u201356 Liga Alef, Final table\nAn 18th round match between Hapoel Nahariya and Beitar Jerusalem wasn't played due to misunderstanding between the teams regarding the time of the match, and was left unplayed at the end of the season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 83], "content_span": [84, 285]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073371-0000-0000", "contents": "1955\u201356 Hapoel Hadera F.C. season\nThe 1955\u201356 Hapoel Hadera season was the club's 23rd season since its establishment, in 1934, and 8th since the establishment of the State of Israel.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [33, 33], "content_span": [34, 183]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073371-0001-0000", "contents": "1955\u201356 Hapoel Hadera F.C. season\nAt the start of the season, the league which started during the previous season was completed, with the club finishing 13th (out of 14), which meant the club relegated to the second division, which was renamed Liga Alef, and played in this division during the remainder of the season, finishing 7th (out of 12), remaining in the second division ahead of the next season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [33, 33], "content_span": [34, 404]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073371-0002-0000", "contents": "1955\u201356 Hapoel Hadera F.C. season\nDuring the season, the club also completed in the State Cup competition, which started during the previous season. The club was knocked out in the quarter-finals by Maccabi Tel Aviv, the eventual winners of the competition.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [33, 33], "content_span": [34, 257]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073371-0003-0000", "contents": "1955\u201356 Hapoel Hadera F.C. season, Match Results, 1954\u201355 Liga Alef\nThe league began on 6 February 1955, and by the time the previous season ended, only 20 rounds of matches were completed, with the final 6 rounds being played during September and October 1955.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 67], "content_span": [68, 261]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073371-0004-0000", "contents": "1955\u201356 Hapoel Hadera F.C. season, Match Results, 1955\u201356 Liga Alef, Final table\nAn 18th round match between Hapoel Nahariya and Beitar Jerusalem wasn't played due to misunderstanding between the teams regarding the time of the match, and was left unplayed at the end of the season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 80], "content_span": [81, 282]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073372-0000-0000", "contents": "1955\u201356 Hapoel Haifa F.C. season\nThe 1955\u201356 Hapoel Haifa season was the club's 33rd season since its establishment in 1924, and 8th since the establishment of the State of Israel.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [32, 32], "content_span": [33, 180]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073372-0001-0000", "contents": "1955\u201356 Hapoel Haifa F.C. season\nAt the start of the season, the league which started during the previous season was completed, with the club finishing 9th. The new league season, with the top division being re-named Liga Leumit, began on 3 December 1955 and was completed on 3 June 1956, with the club finishing 6th.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [32, 32], "content_span": [33, 317]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073372-0002-0000", "contents": "1955\u201356 Hapoel Haifa F.C. season\nDuring the season, the club also competed in the State Cup, which was also carried over the summer break. The club was eliminated by city rivals Maccabi Haifa in the quarter finals, losing 0\u20134.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [32, 32], "content_span": [33, 226]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073372-0003-0000", "contents": "1955\u201356 Hapoel Haifa F.C. season\nOn 15 September 1955 a new stadium, Kiryat Eliezer Stadium, officially called Haifa Municipal Stadium or Luigi Antonini Stadium, was opened with a match between a Haifa XI and a Tel Aviv XI. Hapoel Haifa started playing home matches in the stadium on 16 October 1955, starting with a match against Hapoel Balfouria.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [32, 32], "content_span": [33, 348]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073372-0004-0000", "contents": "1955\u201356 Hapoel Haifa F.C. season, Match Results, International friendly matches\nDuring the season Hapoel Haifa played one international friendly match, against Sunderland, which the club lost.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 79], "content_span": [80, 192]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073372-0005-0000", "contents": "1955\u201356 Hapoel Haifa F.C. season, Match Results, 1954\u201355 Liga Alef\nThe league began on 6 February 1955, and by the time the previous season ended, only 20 rounds of matches were completed, with the final 6 rounds being played during September and October 1955.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 66], "content_span": [67, 260]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073373-0000-0000", "contents": "1955\u201356 Hapoel Kfar Saba F.C. season\nThe 1955\u201356 Hapoel Kfar Saba season was the club's 29th season since its establishment in 1928, and 8th since the establishment of the State of Israel.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [36, 36], "content_span": [37, 188]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073373-0001-0000", "contents": "1955\u201356 Hapoel Kfar Saba F.C. season\nAt the start of the season, the league which started during the previous season was completed, with the club finishing 12th (out of 14), which meant the club had to compete in a promotion/relegation play-offs against the 11th placed club, Beitar Jerusalem, and the two Liga Bet winners, Maccabi Jaffa and Hapoel Kiryat Haim. Haopel Kfar Saba placed 2nd in the play-offs, preserving their top division status.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [36, 36], "content_span": [37, 445]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073373-0002-0000", "contents": "1955\u201356 Hapoel Kfar Saba F.C. season\nThe new league season, with the top division being renamed Liga Leumit, began on 3 December 1955 and was completed on 3 June 1956, with the club finishing in 12th and bottom position, relegating to Liga Alef.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [36, 36], "content_span": [37, 245]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073373-0003-0000", "contents": "1955\u201356 Hapoel Kfar Saba F.C. season, Match Results, 1954\u201355 Liga Alef\nThe league began on 6 February 1955, and by the time the previous season ended, only 20 rounds of matches were completed, with the final 6 rounds being played during September and October 1955.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 70], "content_span": [71, 264]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073374-0000-0000", "contents": "1955\u201356 Hapoel Petah Tikva F.C. season\nThe 1955\u201356 Hapoel Petah Tikva season was the club's 21st season since its establishment in 1935, and 8th since the establishment of the State of Israel.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [38, 38], "content_span": [39, 192]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073374-0001-0000", "contents": "1955\u201356 Hapoel Petah Tikva F.C. season\nAt the start of the season, the league which started during the previous season was completed, with the club finishing 1st, winning its first ever championship. The new league season, with the top division being re-named Liga Leumit, began on 3 December 1955 and was completed on 3 June 1956, with the club finishing as runners-up.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [38, 38], "content_span": [39, 370]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073374-0002-0000", "contents": "1955\u201356 Hapoel Petah Tikva F.C. season\nDuring the season, the club also competed in the State Cup, which was also carried over the summer break. The club eliminated Beitar Tel Aviv and Hapoel Ramat Gan to reach the cup final against Hapoel Petah Tikva. Maccabi Tel Aviv won the match 3\u20131 and won its 8th State Cup.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [38, 38], "content_span": [39, 314]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073374-0003-0000", "contents": "1955\u201356 Hapoel Petah Tikva F.C. season, Match Results, International friendly matches\nDuring the season Hapoel Petah Tikva played two international friendly matches, drawing one and winning the other.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 85], "content_span": [86, 200]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073374-0004-0000", "contents": "1955\u201356 Hapoel Petah Tikva F.C. season, Match Results, International friendly matches\nIn February 1956 the Israeli government lifted the ban on hosting teams from Austria and Hapoel and Maccabi Petah Tikva invited Kapfenberger SV to a tour of Israel. The visit was met with criticism from right-wing politicians and acts of sabotage in order to stop the Austrian team from playing, but the matches went ahead as planned.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 85], "content_span": [86, 420]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073374-0005-0000", "contents": "1955\u201356 Hapoel Petah Tikva F.C. season, Match Results, 1954\u201355 Liga Alef\nThe league began on 6 February 1955, and by the time the previous season ended, only 20 rounds of matches were completed, with the final 6 rounds being played during September and October 1955.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 72], "content_span": [73, 266]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073374-0006-0000", "contents": "1955\u201356 Hapoel Petah Tikva F.C. season, Match Results, Shapira Cup\nIn October and November, while the promotion playoffs and the State Cup were being played, two cup competitions were organized by Liga Leumit Clubs, the second edition of the Shapira Cup, and the Netanya 25th Anniversary Cup. Maccabi Haifa, Hapoel Petah Tikva, Hapoel Tel Aviv and Maccabi Tel Aviv played for the Shapira Cup, named after former Hapoel Tel Aviv treasurer Yosef Shapira.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 66], "content_span": [67, 452]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073374-0006-0001", "contents": "1955\u201356 Hapoel Petah Tikva F.C. season, Match Results, Shapira Cup\nThe competition was designed to be played as a double round-robin tournament but the competition was delayed after the teams playing only two matches each, as the third round matches were postponed due to weather conditions and then due to the 1954\u201355 Israel State Cup final, which involved Maccabi Tel Aviv and Hapoel Petah Tikva. As league matches started on 3 December 1955, the competition was abandoned altogether.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 66], "content_span": [67, 486]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073375-0000-0000", "contents": "1955\u201356 Hapoel Ramat Gan F.C. season\nThe 1955\u201356 Hapoel Ramat Gan season was the club's 30th season since its establishment in 1927, and 8th since the establishment of the State of Israel.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [36, 36], "content_span": [37, 188]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073375-0001-0000", "contents": "1955\u201356 Hapoel Ramat Gan F.C. season\nAt the start of the season, the league which started during the previous season was completed, with the club finishing 10th. The new league season, with the top division being renamed Liga Leumit, began on 3 December 1955 and was completed on 3 June 1956, with the club finishing 9th.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [36, 36], "content_span": [37, 321]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073375-0002-0000", "contents": "1955\u201356 Hapoel Ramat Gan F.C. season\nDuring the season, the club also competed in the State Cup, which was also carried over the summer break. The club eliminated Maccabi Petah Tikva in the quarter finals, winning 1\u20130 in extra time, and losing at the semi-final to Hapoel Petah Tikva 0\u20132.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [36, 36], "content_span": [37, 288]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073375-0003-0000", "contents": "1955\u201356 Hapoel Ramat Gan F.C. season\nIn addition, during the break between the completion of the 1954\u201355 league and the beginning of the 1955\u201356 league, the club participated in the Netanya 25th anniversary cup, along with Beitar Tel Aviv, Maccabi Petah Tikva and Hapoel Ramat Gan. In the competition, which was played as a round-robin tournament, the club finished second.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [36, 36], "content_span": [37, 373]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073375-0004-0000", "contents": "1955\u201356 Hapoel Ramat Gan F.C. season, Match Results, 1954\u201355 Liga Alef\nThe league began on 6 February 1955, and by the time the previous season ended, only 20 rounds of matches were completed, with the final 6 rounds being played during September and October 1955.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 70], "content_span": [71, 264]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073375-0005-0000", "contents": "1955\u201356 Hapoel Ramat Gan F.C. season, Match Results, Netanya 25th Anniversary Cup\nIn October and November, while the promotion playoffs and the State Cup were being played, two cup competitions were organized by Liga Leumit Clubs, the second edition of the Shapira Cup, and the Netanya 25th Anniversary Cup. Hapoel Ramat Gan, Hapoel Ramat Gan, Hapoel Ramat Gan and Hapoel Ramat Gan took part in the competition, dedicated to the 25th anniversary of Netanya.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 81], "content_span": [82, 457]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073376-0000-0000", "contents": "1955\u201356 Hapoel Tel Aviv F.C. season\nThe 1955\u201356 Hapoel Tel Aviv season was the club's 33rd season since its establishment in 1923, and 8th since the establishment of the State of Israel.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [35, 35], "content_span": [36, 186]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073376-0001-0000", "contents": "1955\u201356 Hapoel Tel Aviv F.C. season\nAt the start of the season, the league which started during the previous season was completed, with the club finishing 3rd. The new league season, with the top division being renamed Liga Leumit, began on 3 December 1955 and was completed on 3 June 1956, with the club once again finishing in 3rd place.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [35, 35], "content_span": [36, 339]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073376-0002-0000", "contents": "1955\u201356 Hapoel Tel Aviv F.C. season, Match Results, International friendly matches\nDuring the season Hapoel Tel Aviv played two international friendly matches, losing both.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 82], "content_span": [83, 172]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073376-0003-0000", "contents": "1955\u201356 Hapoel Tel Aviv F.C. season, Match Results, 1954\u201355 Liga Alef\nThe league began on 6 February 1955, and by the time the previous season ended, only 20 rounds of matches were completed, with the final 6 rounds being played during September and October 1955.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 69], "content_span": [70, 263]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073376-0004-0000", "contents": "1955\u201356 Hapoel Tel Aviv F.C. season, Match Results, Shapira Cup\nIn October and November, while the promotion playoffs and the State Cup were being played, two cup competitions were organized by Liga Leumit Clubs, the second edition of the Shapira Cup, and the Netanya 25th Anniversary Cup. Maccabi Haifa, Hapoel Petah Tikva, Hapoel Tel Aviv and Maccabi Tel Aviv played for the Shapira Cup, named after former Hapoel Tel Aviv treasurer Yosef Shapira.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 63], "content_span": [64, 449]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073376-0004-0001", "contents": "1955\u201356 Hapoel Tel Aviv F.C. season, Match Results, Shapira Cup\nThe competition was designed to be played as a double round-robin tournament but the competition was delayed after the teams playing only two matches each, as the third round matches were postponed due to weather conditions and then due to the 1954\u201355 Israel State Cup final, which involved Maccabi Tel Aviv and Hapoel Petah Tikva. As league matches started on 3 December 1955, the competition was abandoned altogether.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 63], "content_span": [64, 483]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073377-0000-0000", "contents": "1955\u201356 Heart of Midlothian F.C. season\nDuring the 1955\u201356 season Hearts competed in the Scottish First Division, the Scottish Cup, the Scottish League Cup and the East of Scotland Shield.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [39, 39], "content_span": [40, 188]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073378-0000-0000", "contents": "1955\u201356 Hellenic Football League\nThe 1955\u201356 Hellenic Football League season was the third in the history of the Hellenic Football League, a football competition in England.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [32, 32], "content_span": [33, 173]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073378-0001-0000", "contents": "1955\u201356 Hellenic Football League, Clubs\nThe league featured 17 clubs which competed in the last season, along with one new club:", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 39], "content_span": [40, 128]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073379-0000-0000", "contents": "1955\u201356 Hibernian F.C. season\nDuring the 1955\u201356 season Hibernian, a football club based in Edinburgh, came fourth out of 18 clubs in the Scottish First Division.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [29, 29], "content_span": [30, 162]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073380-0000-0000", "contents": "1955\u201356 Honduran Amateur League\nThe 1955\u201356 Honduran Amateur League was the ninth edition of the Honduran Amateur League. C.D. Hibueras obtained its 2nd national title. The season ran from 16 October 1955 to 12 December 1956.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [31, 31], "content_span": [32, 225]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073380-0001-0000", "contents": "1955\u201356 Honduran Amateur League, Regional champions\nFor the first time the departments of Col\u00f3n and Comayagua included a team to participate in the national championship.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 51], "content_span": [52, 170]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073380-0002-0000", "contents": "1955\u201356 Honduran Amateur League, National championship round\nPlayed in a double round-robin format between the regional champions. Also known as the Hexagonal.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 60], "content_span": [61, 159]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073381-0000-0000", "contents": "1955\u201356 Hong Kong First Division League\nThe 1955\u201356 Hong Kong First Division League season was the 45th since its establishment.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [39, 39], "content_span": [40, 128]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073382-0000-0000", "contents": "1955\u201356 Hong Kong Senior Challenge Shield\n1955\u201356 Hong Kong Senior Challenge Shield was the 11th edition of Hong Kong Senior Challenge Shield after World War II.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 41], "section_span": [41, 41], "content_span": [42, 161]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073383-0000-0000", "contents": "1955\u201356 Houston Cougars men's basketball team\nThe 1955\u201356 Houston Cougars men's basketball team represented the University of Houston in the 1955\u201356 season of college basketball. It was their eleventh year of season play. The head coach for the Cougars was Alden Pasche, who was serving in his 11th year in that position. The team played its home games at Jeppesen Gymnasium on-campus in Houston and were members of the Missouri Valley Conference. Houston captured its fourth conference regular season title, and competed in the postseason in the 1956 NCAA Basketball Tournament where they were defeated by SMU and Kansas State. It was Houston's first ever appearance in the NCAA Tournament.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 45], "section_span": [45, 45], "content_span": [46, 691]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073383-0001-0000", "contents": "1955\u201356 Houston Cougars men's basketball team\nAfter the season, Pasche retired. He was 135\u2013116 in eleven seasons, and was replaced by Guy Lewis.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 45], "section_span": [45, 45], "content_span": [46, 144]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073384-0000-0000", "contents": "1955\u201356 Huddersfield Town A.F.C. season\nHuddersfield Town's 1955\u201356 campaign saw Town relegated from Division 1. They finished in 21st position with 35 points, the same as 20th placed Aston Villa, who survived due to a superior goal average. The season was a cramped affair in the league standings, with difference in points between 2nd placed Blackpool and bottom placed Sheffield United, being just 16 points.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [39, 39], "content_span": [40, 411]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073384-0001-0000", "contents": "1955\u201356 Huddersfield Town A.F.C. season, Squad at the start of the season\nNote: Flags indicate national team as defined under FIFA eligibility rules. Players may hold more than one non-FIFA nationality.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 73], "content_span": [74, 202]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073384-0002-0000", "contents": "1955\u201356 Huddersfield Town A.F.C. season, Review\nFollowing the previous season's failure to improve on the season before's 3rd-placed finish, some were wondering what Town would conjure up under Andy Beattie. The start of the season was dreadful for Town, with many losses sending Town into a downward spiral to the bottom of Division 1. Even the signing of Aston Villa striker Dave Hickson didn't halt the slide to Division 2. A run of 7 defeats in a row, including a 5\u20132 defeat at Everton, followed immediately by a 6\u20132 defeat to Newcastle United at Leeds Road didn't help things much.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 47], "content_span": [48, 586]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073384-0003-0000", "contents": "1955\u201356 Huddersfield Town A.F.C. season, Review\nFebruary to April saw Town mount a recovery mainly through the goals of Jimmy Glazzard, Dave Hickson and Vic Metcalfe. Town still had a chance of survival with 4 matches to go, although they realistically had to win all their last 4 games against West Bromwich Albion, Charlton Athletic, Tottenham Hotspur and Charlton Athletic. They did manage to achieve this, but an inferior goal average meant that Town went down, while Aston Villa survived.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 47], "content_span": [48, 493]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073384-0004-0000", "contents": "1955\u201356 Huddersfield Town A.F.C. season, Squad at the end of the season\nNote: Flags indicate national team as defined under FIFA eligibility rules. Players may hold more than one non-FIFA nationality.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 71], "content_span": [72, 200]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073385-0000-0000", "contents": "1955\u201356 IHL season\nThe 1955\u201356 IHL season was the 11th season of the International Hockey League, a North American minor professional league. Six teams participated in the regular season, and the Cincinnati Mohawks won the Turner Cup.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 18], "section_span": [18, 18], "content_span": [19, 234]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073386-0000-0000", "contents": "1955\u201356 Idaho Vandals men's basketball team\nThe 1955\u201356 Idaho Vandals men's basketball team represented the University of Idaho during the 1955\u201356 NCAA college basketball season. Members of the Pacific Coast Conference, the Vandals were led by second-year head coach Harlan Hodges and played their home games on campus at Memorial Gymnasium in Moscow, Idaho.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 43], "section_span": [43, 43], "content_span": [44, 358]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073386-0001-0000", "contents": "1955\u201356 Idaho Vandals men's basketball team\nThe Vandals were 6\u201319 overall and 4\u201312 in conference play.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 43], "section_span": [43, 43], "content_span": [44, 102]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073387-0000-0000", "contents": "1955\u201356 Illinois Fighting Illini men's basketball team\nThe 1955\u201356 Illinois Fighting Illini men\u2019s basketball team represented the University of Illinois.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 54], "section_span": [54, 54], "content_span": [55, 153]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073387-0001-0000", "contents": "1955\u201356 Illinois Fighting Illini men's basketball team, Regular season\nHarry Combes, for the ninth consecutive year at Illinois, directed a team that would finish no worse than third place in the Big Ten. His 164 wins and 44 losses overall with a 94 and 30 record in the conference gave Combes three \"Final Four\" finishes as well as three conference championships. Combes' team, recruited by assistant coach Howie Braun, was exclusively recruited from the state of Illinois.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 54], "section_span": [56, 70], "content_span": [71, 474]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073387-0002-0000", "contents": "1955\u201356 Illinois Fighting Illini men's basketball team, Regular season\nThe 1955-56 team had talented lettermen return including the leading scorers George Bon Salle and team \"captain\" Paul Judson. It also saw the return of Bruce Brothers, Bill Ridley, Bill Altenberger, Hiles Stout, and future Illini head coach, Harv Schmidt. The team also added future NBA all-star Don Ohl as a sophomore. The Illini finished the season with a conference record of 11 wins and 3 losses, finishing in 2nd place in the Big Ten. Unfortunately the Illini would lose four total games with two of the four coming in the final three days of the season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 54], "section_span": [56, 70], "content_span": [71, 630]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073387-0002-0001", "contents": "1955\u201356 Illinois Fighting Illini men's basketball team, Regular season\nThe Illini's final Associated Press ranking placed them at \"#7\", however; they maintained a \"#2\" national ranking for the final month of the regular season. The starting lineup included George Bon Salle at the center position, Bill Ridley and Paul Judson at guard and Harv Schmidt, Bruce Brothers and Don Ohl at the forward slots.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 54], "section_span": [56, 70], "content_span": [71, 401]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073388-0000-0000", "contents": "1955\u201356 Indiana Hoosiers men's basketball team\nThe 1955\u201356 Indiana Hoosiers men's basketball team represented Indiana University. Their head coach was Branch McCracken, who was in his 15th year. The team played its home games in The Fieldhouse in Bloomington, Indiana, and was a member of the Big Ten Conference.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 46], "section_span": [46, 46], "content_span": [47, 312]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073388-0001-0000", "contents": "1955\u201356 Indiana Hoosiers men's basketball team\nThe Hoosiers finished the regular season with an overall record of 13\u20139 and a conference record of 6\u20138, finishing 6th in the Big Ten Conference. Indiana was not invited to participate in any postseason tournament.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 46], "section_span": [46, 46], "content_span": [47, 260]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073389-0000-0000", "contents": "1955\u201356 Iowa Hawkeyes men's basketball team\nThe 1955\u201356 Iowa Hawkeyes men's basketball team represented the University of Iowa in intercollegiate basketball during the 1955\u201356 season. After opening the season 3\u20135, the team won 17 consecutive games to finish with a 20\u20136 record (13\u20131 in Big Ten), and won their second straight Big Ten title. The Hawkeyes also made their second consecutive trip to the Final Four, defeating Temple before falling to the unbeaten, back-to-back National champion San Francisco Dons in the title game.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 43], "section_span": [43, 43], "content_span": [44, 530]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073389-0001-0000", "contents": "1955\u201356 Iowa Hawkeyes men's basketball team, Roster\nThe group of seniors on this team \u2013 Sharm Scheuerman, Bill Logan, Carl Cain, Bill Seaberg and Bill Schoof \u2013 are known to Hawkeye fans as the \"Fabulous Five.\"", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 43], "section_span": [45, 51], "content_span": [52, 209]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073390-0000-0000", "contents": "1955\u201356 Iowa State Cyclones men's basketball team\nThe 1955\u201356 Iowa State Cyclones men's basketball team represented Iowa State University during the 1955-56 NCAA College men's basketball season. The Cyclones were coached by Bill Strannigan, who was in his second season with the Cyclones. They played their home games at the Iowa State Armory in Ames, Iowa.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 49], "section_span": [49, 49], "content_span": [50, 357]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073390-0001-0000", "contents": "1955\u201356 Iowa State Cyclones men's basketball team\nThey finished the season 18\u20135, 8\u20134 in Big Seven play to finish in a tie for second place. They won the Big Seven Holiday Tournament, defeating Kansas State, Colorado and Kansas.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 49], "section_span": [49, 49], "content_span": [50, 227]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073391-0000-0000", "contents": "1955\u201356 Iraq FA Baghdad First Division\nThe 1955\u201356 Iraq FA Baghdad First Division was the eighth season of the Iraq Central FA League (the top division of football in Baghdad and its neighbouring cities from 1948 to 1973). Al-Haris Al-Maliki won their seventh consecutive league title. The team was disbanded at the end of the season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [38, 38], "content_span": [39, 334]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073392-0000-0000", "contents": "1955\u201356 Irish League\nThe Irish League in season 1955\u201356 comprised 12 teams, and Linfield won the championship.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [20, 20], "content_span": [21, 110]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073393-0000-0000", "contents": "1955\u201356 Istanbul Football League\nThis is the current revision of this page, as edited by Frietjes (talk | contribs) at 13:58, 12 May 2020. The present address (URL) is a permanent link to this version.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [32, 32], "content_span": [33, 201]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073393-0001-0000", "contents": "1955\u201356 Istanbul Football League\nThe 1955\u201356 \u0130stanbul Football League season was the 46th season of the league. Galatasaray SK won the league for the 14th time, and qualified for the 1956\u201357 European Cup.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [32, 32], "content_span": [33, 204]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073394-0000-0000", "contents": "1955\u201356 Isthmian League\nThe 1955\u201356 season was the 41st in the history of the Isthmian League, an English football competition.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [23, 23], "content_span": [24, 127]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073394-0001-0000", "contents": "1955\u201356 Isthmian League\nWycombe Wanderers were champions, winning their first Isthmian League title.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [23, 23], "content_span": [24, 100]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073395-0000-0000", "contents": "1955\u201356 Kansas Jayhawks men's basketball team\nThe 1955\u201356  Kansas Jayhawks men's basketball team represented the University of Kansas during the 1955\u201356 college men's basketball season. The season was the Jayhawks first full season in Allen Fieldhouse and final season under head coach Phog Allen, who was forced to retire after the season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 45], "section_span": [45, 45], "content_span": [46, 340]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073396-0000-0000", "contents": "1955\u201356 La Liga\nThe 1955\u201356 La Liga was the 25th season since its establishment. Athletic Bilbao achieved their sixth title.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 15], "section_span": [15, 15], "content_span": [16, 124]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073397-0000-0000", "contents": "1955\u201356 Lancashire Cup\n1955\u201356 was the forty-third occasion on which the Lancashire Cup completion had been held. Leigh won the trophy by beating Widnes by the score of 26-9. The match was played at Central Park, Wigan, (historically in the county of Lancashire). The attendance was 26,504 and receipts were \u00a34,090.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [22, 22], "content_span": [23, 315]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073397-0001-0000", "contents": "1955\u201356 Lancashire Cup, Background\nThe end of last season saw the demise of Belle Vue Rangers. With this and the retention of the invitation to juniors, Lancashire Amateurs the number of clubs was reduced by one to a total of 15. The same pre-war fixture format was retained, and due to reduction in the number of clubs this resulted in one bye in the first round. The whole tournament was again played on a knock-out basis, and there would be no return to the two legged fixtures during the life of the competition.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [24, 34], "content_span": [35, 516]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073397-0002-0000", "contents": "1955\u201356 Lancashire Cup, Competition and results, Round 1\nInvolved  7 matches (with one bye but no \u201cblank\u201d fixture) and 15 clubs", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [24, 56], "content_span": [57, 127]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073397-0003-0000", "contents": "1955\u201356 Lancashire Cup, Competition and results, Final, Teams and scorers\nScoring - Try = three (3) points - Goal = two (2) points - Drop goal = two (2) points", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [24, 73], "content_span": [74, 159]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073397-0004-0000", "contents": "1955\u201356 Lancashire Cup, Notes and comments\n1 * Central Park was the home ground of Wigan with a final capacity of 18,000, although the record attendance was  47,747 for Wigan v St Helens 27 March 1959", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [24, 42], "content_span": [43, 200]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073398-0000-0000", "contents": "1955\u201356 Landsdelsserien\nThe 1955\u201356 Landsdelsserien was a Norwegian second-tier football league season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [23, 23], "content_span": [24, 103]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073398-0001-0000", "contents": "1955\u201356 Landsdelsserien\nThe league was contested by 54 teams, divided into a total of seven groups from four districts; \u00d8stland/S\u00f8ndre, \u00d8stland/Nordre, S\u00f8rland/Vestre and M\u00f8re/Tr\u00f8ndelag. The two group winners in the \u00d8stland districts, Sparta and Str\u00f8mmen promoted directly to the 1956\u201357 Hovedserien. The other five group winners qualified for promotion play-offs to compete for two spots in the following season's top flight. \u00c5rstad and Steinkjer won the play-offs and were promoted.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [23, 23], "content_span": [24, 484]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073398-0002-0000", "contents": "1955\u201356 Landsdelsserien, Promotion play-offs\n\u00c5rstad won 2\u20130 over Ulf and were promoted to Hovedserien.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 44], "content_span": [45, 102]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073398-0003-0000", "contents": "1955\u201356 Landsdelsserien, Promotion play-offs\nSteinkjer won 7\u20134 on aggregate and were promoted to Hovedserien.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 44], "content_span": [45, 109]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073399-0000-0000", "contents": "1955\u201356 League Algiers\nThe League Algiers Football Association 1955\u201356 season started on September 4, 1955 and ended on June 23, 1956. This is the 34th edition of this league championships which saw the consecration of the Groupement Sportif Orl\u00e9ansville in Division Honneur, Olympique Hussein Dey in Honor Promotion of Montpensier Berre-Sports Association first Division Sporting Club Duperre in Second Division and Entente Sportive Franco Muslim Burdeau in Third Division.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [22, 22], "content_span": [23, 474]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073400-0000-0000", "contents": "1955\u201356 League of Ireland, Overview\nIt was contested by 12 teams, and St Patrick's Athletic won the championship.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [27, 35], "content_span": [36, 113]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073401-0000-0000", "contents": "1955\u201356 Liga Alef\nThe 1955\u201356 Liga Alef season was the first in which Liga Alef was the second tier of Israeli football due to the formation of Liga Leumit, and was the first nationwide second tier season (replacing Liga Bet North and South regional divisions).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [17, 17], "content_span": [18, 261]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073401-0001-0000", "contents": "1955\u201356 Liga Alef\nHakoah Tel Aviv won the league and qualified for the promotion play-offs against Maccabi Jaffa (10th at the 1955\u201356 Liga Leumit).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [17, 17], "content_span": [18, 147]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073401-0002-0000", "contents": "1955\u201356 Liga Alef\nLeague matches were completed on 2 June 1956, however, Hapoel Balfouria appealed against the results which were set in its matches against Hapoel Nahariya (a walkover loss of 0\u20133) and Hapoel Jerusalem (which was abandoned with a score of 4\u20130 to Hapoel Jerusalem), as Balfouria could be spared from relegation with two wins in these matches. The first replayed match was played on 28 July 1956, and as Hapoel Balfouria lost 2\u20134 to Hapoel Nahariya, Balfouria gave up its claims regarding the match against Hapoel Jerusalem, agreeing to set the score to 0\u20134 to Hapoel Jerusalem.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [17, 17], "content_span": [18, 593]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073401-0003-0000", "contents": "1955\u201356 Liga Alef\nAn 18th round match between Hapoel Nahariya and Beitar Jerusalem wasn't played due to misunderstanding between the teams regarding the time of the match, and was left unplayed at the end of the season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [17, 17], "content_span": [18, 219]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073401-0004-0000", "contents": "1955\u201356 Liga Alef, Relegation playoff\nLiga Alef winner, Hakoah Tel Aviv face Liga Leumit 10th-placed club, Maccabi Jaffa. The matches took place on June 10 and 17, 1956.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 37], "content_span": [38, 169]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073401-0005-0000", "contents": "1955\u201356 Liga Alef, Relegation playoff\nMaccabi Jaffa won 4\u20131 on aggregate and remained in Liga Leumit. Hakoah Tel Aviv remained in Liga Alef.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 37], "content_span": [38, 140]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073401-0006-0000", "contents": "1955\u201356 Liga Alef, Relegation play-offs\nA promotion-relegation play-off between the 9th and 10th placed teams in Liga Alef, Ahva Notzrit Haifa and Beitar Jerusalem, and the winners of the regional divisions of Liga Bet, Maccabi Sha'arayim and Maccabi Hadera. Each team played the other three once.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 39], "content_span": [40, 297]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073401-0007-0000", "contents": "1955\u201356 Liga Alef, Notes\n1. Abandoned at the 70th minute with the score of 2\u20131 to Maccabi Hadera as Ahva Notzrit Haifa players protested awarding Hadera's second goal, which they claimed was stopped by the goalkeeper before the goal line.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 24], "content_span": [25, 238]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073402-0000-0000", "contents": "1955\u201356 Liga Bet\nThe 1955\u201356 Liga Bet season was the first in which Liga Bet was the third tier of Israeli football due to the formation of Liga Leumit.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 16], "section_span": [16, 16], "content_span": [17, 152]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073402-0001-0000", "contents": "1955\u201356 Liga Bet\nMaccabi Hadera (North Division champions) and Maccabi Sha'arayim (South Division champions) qualified for the promotion/relegation play-offs against the 9th- and 10th-placed clubs in Liga Alef.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 16], "section_span": [16, 16], "content_span": [17, 210]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073402-0002-0000", "contents": "1955\u201356 Liga Bet, Promotion play-offs\nA promotion-relegation play-off between the 9th and 10th-placed teams in Liga Alef, Ahva Notzrit Haifa and Beitar Jerusalem, and the winners of the regional divisions of Liga Bet, Maccabi Sha'arayim and Maccabi Hadera. Each team played the other three once.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 16], "section_span": [18, 37], "content_span": [38, 295]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073403-0000-0000", "contents": "1955\u201356 Liga Gimel\nThe 1955\u201356 Liga Gimel season saw 72 clubs competing in 10 regional divisions for promotion to Liga Bet. This was the first season of fourth tier football in Israel, following the formation of Liga Leumit as the top division.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 18], "section_span": [18, 18], "content_span": [19, 244]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073403-0001-0000", "contents": "1955\u201356 Liga Gimel\nHapoel Saded, Hapoel Kfar Ata, Hapoel Tiberias, Hapoel Zikhron Ya'akov, Hapoel Givat Haim, Hapoel Lod, Hapoel Holon, Hapoel Jaffa, Hapoel Ramla and Hapoel Be'er Sheva won their regional divisions and qualified for the Promotion play-offs.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 18], "section_span": [18, 18], "content_span": [19, 257]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073403-0002-0000", "contents": "1955\u201356 Liga Gimel\nAt the Promotion play-offs, Hapoel Kfar Ata and Hapoel Tiberias were promoted to Liga Bet from the North play-offs, whilst Hapoel Ramla and Hapoel Be'er Sheva were promoted to Liga Bet from the South play-offs.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 18], "section_span": [18, 18], "content_span": [19, 229]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073403-0003-0000", "contents": "1955\u201356 Liga Gimel, Upper Galilee Division\nHapoel She'ar Yashuv and Maccabi Safed withdrew from the league during the season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 18], "section_span": [20, 42], "content_span": [43, 125]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073404-0000-0000", "contents": "1955\u201356 Liga Leumit\nThe 1955\u201356 Liga Leumit season was the first edition of Liga Leumit, which had replaced Liga Alef as the top division of football in Israel and the 17th season of top flight football under the IFA.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [19, 19], "content_span": [20, 217]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073404-0001-0000", "contents": "1955\u201356 Liga Leumit\nMaccabi Tel Aviv won the title. Avraham Levi from Beitar Tel Aviv and Michael Michaelov from Hapoel Tel Aviv were the league's joint top scorers with 16 goals each.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [19, 19], "content_span": [20, 184]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073404-0002-0000", "contents": "1955\u201356 Liga Leumit\nHapoel Kfar Saba and Maccabi Rehovot were relegated automatically, whilst Maccabi Jaffa finished third from bottom and entered a promotion/relegatgion play-off with Liga Alef champions Hakoah Tel Aviv. Jaffa won 4-1 on aggregate and remained in Liga Leumit.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [19, 19], "content_span": [20, 277]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073404-0003-0000", "contents": "1955\u201356 Liga Leumit, Positions by round\nThe table lists the positions of teams after each week of matches. In order to preserve chronological evolvements, any postponed matches are not included to the round at which they were originally scheduled, but added to the full round they were played immediately afterwards. For example, if a match is scheduled for matchday 13, but then postponed and played between days 16 and 17, it will be added to the standings for day 17.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [21, 39], "content_span": [40, 470]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073405-0000-0000", "contents": "1955\u201356 Liverpool F.C. season\nThe 1955\u20131956 season was the 65th season in Liverpool F.C. 's existence, and was their 2nd consecutive year in the Second Division.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [29, 29], "content_span": [30, 161]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073405-0001-0000", "contents": "1955\u201356 Liverpool F.C. season\nThe season would prove to be one where they would finish outside the top two, by finishing 3rd, four points outside the automatic promotion places.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [29, 29], "content_span": [30, 177]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073405-0002-0000", "contents": "1955\u201356 Liverpool F.C. season\nThey also got knocked out of the FA Cup by the eventual holders Manchester City in the Fifth Round.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [29, 29], "content_span": [30, 129]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073406-0000-0000", "contents": "1955\u201356 Luxembourg National Division\nThe 1955\u201356 Luxembourg National Division was the 42nd season of top level association football in Luxembourg.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [36, 36], "content_span": [37, 146]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073406-0001-0000", "contents": "1955\u201356 Luxembourg National Division, Overview\nIt was performed in 12 teams, and CA Spora Luxembourg won the championship.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 46], "content_span": [47, 122]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073407-0000-0000", "contents": "1955\u201356 MJHL season, League notes\nMJHL announced that each team will play six interlocking games against teams in the TBJHL as part of the regular season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [21, 33], "content_span": [34, 154]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073408-0000-0000", "contents": "1955\u201356 Maccabi Haifa F.C. season\nThe 1955\u201356 Maccabi Haifa season was the club's 43rd season since its establishment in 1913, and 8th since the establishment of the State of Israel.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [33, 33], "content_span": [34, 182]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073408-0001-0000", "contents": "1955\u201356 Maccabi Haifa F.C. season\nAt the start of the season, the league which started during the previous season was completed, with the club finishing 6th. The new league season, with the top division being renamed Liga Leumit, began on 3 December 1955 and was completed on 3 June 1956, with the club finishing 5th.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [33, 33], "content_span": [34, 317]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073408-0002-0000", "contents": "1955\u201356 Maccabi Haifa F.C. season\nDuring the season, the club also competed in the State Cup, which was also carried over the summer break. The club eliminated city rivals Hapoel Haifa in the quarter finals, winning 4\u20130, but was defeated by Maccabi Tel Aviv 0\u20135 in the semi-finals.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [33, 33], "content_span": [34, 281]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073408-0003-0000", "contents": "1955\u201356 Maccabi Haifa F.C. season\nOn 15 September 1955 a new stadium, Kiryat Eliezer Stadium, officially called Haifa Municipal Stadium or Luigi Antonini Stadium, was opened with a match between a Haifa XI and a Tel Aviv XI. Maccabi Haifa started playing home matches in the stadium on 24 September 1955, starting with a match against Hapoel Haifa.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [33, 33], "content_span": [34, 348]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073408-0004-0000", "contents": "1955\u201356 Maccabi Haifa F.C. season, Match Results, International friendly matches\nDuring the season Maccabi Haifa played three international friendly matches, losing all of them.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 80], "content_span": [81, 177]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073408-0005-0000", "contents": "1955\u201356 Maccabi Haifa F.C. season, Match Results, 1954\u201355 Liga Alef\nThe league began on 6 February 1955, and by the time the previous season ended, only 20 rounds of matches were completed, with the final 6 rounds being played during September and October 1955.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 67], "content_span": [68, 261]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073408-0006-0000", "contents": "1955\u201356 Maccabi Haifa F.C. season, Match Results, Shapira Cup\nIn October and November, while the promotion playoffs and the State Cup were being played, two cup competitions were organized by Liga Leumit Clubs, the second edition of the Shapira Cup, and the Netanya 25th Anniversary Cup. Maccabi Haifa, Hapoel Petah Tikva, Maccabi Tel Aviv and Hapoel Tel Aviv played for the Shapira Cup, named after former Hapoel Tel Aviv treasurer Yosef Shapira.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 61], "content_span": [62, 447]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073408-0006-0001", "contents": "1955\u201356 Maccabi Haifa F.C. season, Match Results, Shapira Cup\nThe competition was designed to be played as a double round-robin tournament but the competition was delayed after the teams playing only two matches each, as the third round matches were postponed due to weather conditions and then due to the 1954\u201355 Israel State Cup final, which involved Maccabi Tel Aviv and Hapoel Petah Tikva. As league matches started on 3 December 1955, the competition was abandoned altogether.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 61], "content_span": [62, 481]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073409-0000-0000", "contents": "1955\u201356 Maccabi Jaffa F.C. season\nThe 1955\u201356 Maccabi Jaffa season was the club's 7th season since its establishment in 1949.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [33, 33], "content_span": [34, 125]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073409-0001-0000", "contents": "1955\u201356 Maccabi Jaffa F.C. season\nAt the start of the season, the league which started during the previous season was completed, with the club finishing 1st in its division and qualifying to the promotion/relegation play-offs against the 10th and 11th placed clubs in Liga Alef, Beitar Jerusalem and Hapoel Kfar Saba, and the Liga Bet North winners, Hapoel Kiryat Haim. Maccabi Jaffa topped the play-offs table and was promoted, for the first time in its existence, to the top division.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [33, 33], "content_span": [34, 486]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073409-0002-0000", "contents": "1955\u201356 Maccabi Jaffa F.C. season\nAt the end of the season, the club placed 10th (out of 12) in the league, which meant the club had to face promotion/relegation play-offs against the first placed team from Liga Alef, Hakoah Tel Aviv. Maccabi Jaffa won both play-off matches and stayed in Liga Leumit.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [33, 33], "content_span": [34, 301]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073409-0003-0000", "contents": "1955\u201356 Maccabi Jaffa F.C. season, Match Results, 1954\u201355 Liga Bet (south division)\nThe league began on 8 January 1955, and by the time the previous season ended, only 18 rounds of matches were completed, with the final 4 rounds being played during September and October 1955.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 83], "content_span": [84, 276]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073409-0004-0000", "contents": "1955\u201356 Maccabi Jaffa F.C. season, Match Results, 1955\u201356 Liga Leumit, Promotion/Relegation play-offs\nMaccabi Jaffa won 4\u20131 on aggregate and remained in Liga Leumit. Hakoah Tel Aviv remained in Liga Alef.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 101], "content_span": [102, 204]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073410-0000-0000", "contents": "1955\u201356 Maccabi Netanya F.C. season\nThe 1955\u201356 Maccabi Netanya season was the club's 22nd season since its establishment in 1934, and 8th since the establishment of the State of Israel.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [35, 35], "content_span": [36, 186]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073410-0001-0000", "contents": "1955\u201356 Maccabi Netanya F.C. season\nAt the start of the season, the league which started during the previous season was completed, with the club finishing 4th. The new league season, with the top division being renamed Liga Leumit, began on 3 December 1955 and was completed on 3 June 1956, with the club finishing 8th.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [35, 35], "content_span": [36, 319]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073410-0002-0000", "contents": "1955\u201356 Maccabi Netanya F.C. season\nIn addition, during the break between the completion of the 1954\u201355 league and the beginning of the 1955\u201356 league, the club participated in the Netanya 25th anniversary cup, along with Beitar Tel Aviv, Maccabi Petah Tikva and Hapoel Ramat Gan. In the competition, which was played as a round-robin tournament, the club finished third.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [35, 35], "content_span": [36, 371]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073410-0003-0000", "contents": "1955\u201356 Maccabi Netanya F.C. season, Match Results, International friendly matches\nDuring the season Maccabi Netanya played two international friendly matches, losing both matches.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 82], "content_span": [83, 180]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073410-0004-0000", "contents": "1955\u201356 Maccabi Netanya F.C. season, Match Results, 1954\u201355 Liga Alef\nThe league began on 6 February 1955, and by the time the previous season ended, only 20 rounds of matches were completed, with the final 6 rounds being played during September and October 1955.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 69], "content_span": [70, 263]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073410-0005-0000", "contents": "1955\u201356 Maccabi Netanya F.C. season, Match Results, Netanya 25th Anniversary Cup\nIn October and November, while the promotion playoffs and the State Cup were being played, two cup competitions were organized by Liga Leumit Clubs, the second edition of the Shapira Cup, and the Netanya 25th Anniversary Cup. Maccabi Netanya, Maccabi Netanya, Maccabi Netanya and Hapoel Ramat Gan took part in the competition, dedicated to the 25th anniversary of Netanya.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 80], "content_span": [81, 453]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073411-0000-0000", "contents": "1955\u201356 Maccabi Petah Tikva F.C. season\nThe 1955\u201356 Maccabi Petah Tikva season was the club's 45th season since its establishment in 1912, and 8th since the establishment of the State of Israel.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [39, 39], "content_span": [40, 194]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073411-0001-0000", "contents": "1955\u201356 Maccabi Petah Tikva F.C. season\nAt the start of the season, the league which started during the previous season was completed, with the club finishing 7th. The new league season, with the top division being re-named Liga Leumit, began on 3 December 1955 and was completed on 3 June 1956, with the club finishing 4th.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [39, 39], "content_span": [40, 324]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073411-0002-0000", "contents": "1955\u201356 Maccabi Petah Tikva F.C. season\nDuring the season, the club also competed in the State Cup, which was also carried over the summer break. The club was eliminated in the quarter finals, after losing 0\u20131 in extra time to Hapoel Ramat Gan, with an own goal scored by goalkeeper Haim Buch, as a corner kick bounced off his shoulder into the goal in the 119th minute.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [39, 39], "content_span": [40, 370]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073411-0003-0000", "contents": "1955\u201356 Maccabi Petah Tikva F.C. season\nIn addition, during the break between the completion of the 1954\u201355 league and the beginning of the 1955\u201356 league, the club participated in the Netanya 25th anniversary cup, along with Beitar Tel Aviv, Maccabi Netanya and Hapoel Ramat Gan. In the competition, which was played as a round-robin tournament, the club finished first, winning the cup.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [39, 39], "content_span": [40, 388]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073411-0004-0000", "contents": "1955\u201356 Maccabi Petah Tikva F.C. season, Match Results, International friendly matches\nDuring the season Maccabi Petah Tikva played two international friendly matches, losing both matches.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 86], "content_span": [87, 188]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073411-0005-0000", "contents": "1955\u201356 Maccabi Petah Tikva F.C. season, Match Results, 1954\u201355 Liga Alef\nThe league began on 6 February 1955, and by the time the previous season ended, only 20 rounds of matches were completed, with the final 6 rounds being played during September and October 1955.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 73], "content_span": [74, 267]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073411-0006-0000", "contents": "1955\u201356 Maccabi Petah Tikva F.C. season, Match Results, Netanya 25th Anniversary Cup\nIn October and November, while the promotion playoffs and the State Cup were being played, two cup competitions were organized by Liga Leumit Clubs, the second edition of the Shapira Cup, and the Netanya 25th Anniversary Cup. Maccabi Netanya, Maccabi Petah Tikva, Maccabi Petah Tikva and Hapoel Ramat Gan took part in the competition, dedicated to the 25th anniversary of Netanya.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 84], "content_span": [85, 465]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073412-0000-0000", "contents": "1955\u201356 Maccabi Rehovot F.C. season\nThe 1955\u201356 Maccabi Rehovot season was the club's 45th season since its establishment in 1912, and 8th since the establishment of the State of Israel.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [35, 35], "content_span": [36, 186]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073412-0001-0000", "contents": "1955\u201356 Maccabi Rehovot F.C. season\nAt the start of the season, the league which started during the previous season was completed, with the club finishing 8th. The new league season, with the top division being re-named Liga Leumit, began on 3 December 1955 and was completed on 3 June 1956, with the club finishing 11th and relegating to Liga Alef.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [35, 35], "content_span": [36, 349]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073412-0002-0000", "contents": "1955\u201356 Maccabi Rehovot F.C. season, Match Results, 1954\u201355 Liga Alef\nThe league began on 6 February 1955, and by the time the previous season ended, only 20 rounds of matches were completed, with the final 6 rounds being played during September and October 1955.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 69], "content_span": [70, 263]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073413-0000-0000", "contents": "1955\u201356 Maccabi Tel Aviv F.C. season\nThe 1955\u201356 Maccabi Tel Aviv season was the club's 50th season since its establishment in 1906, and 8th since the establishment of the State of Israel.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [36, 36], "content_span": [37, 188]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073413-0001-0000", "contents": "1955\u201356 Maccabi Tel Aviv F.C. season\nAt the start of the season, the league which started during the previous season was completed, with the club finishing as runners-up, missing on championship in the last round. The new league season, with the top division being re-named Liga Leumit, began on 3 December 1955 and was completed on 3 June 1956, with the club winning the championship, its 8th championship title.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [36, 36], "content_span": [37, 413]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073413-0002-0000", "contents": "1955\u201356 Maccabi Tel Aviv F.C. season\nDuring the season, the club also competed in the State Cup, which was also carried over the summer break. The club eliminated Hapoel Hadera and Maccabi Haifa to reach the cup final against Hapoel Petah Tikva. Maccabi Tel Aviv won the match 3\u20131 and won its 8th State Cup.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [36, 36], "content_span": [37, 307]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073413-0003-0000", "contents": "1955\u201356 Maccabi Tel Aviv F.C. season, Match Results, International friendly matches\nDuring the season Maccabi Tel Aviv played two international friendly matches, losing both.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 83], "content_span": [84, 174]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073413-0004-0000", "contents": "1955\u201356 Maccabi Tel Aviv F.C. season, Match Results, 1954\u201355 Liga Alef\nThe league began on 6 February 1955, and by the time the previous season ended, only 20 rounds of matches were completed, with the final 6 rounds being played during September and October 1955.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 70], "content_span": [71, 264]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073413-0005-0000", "contents": "1955\u201356 Maccabi Tel Aviv F.C. season, Match Results, Shapira Cup\nIn October and November, while the promotion playoffs and the State Cup were being played, two cup competitions were organized by Liga Leumit Clubs, the second edition of the Shapira Cup, and the Netanya 25th Anniversary Cup. Maccabi Haifa, Hapoel Petah Tikva, Maccabi Tel Aviv and Hapoel Tel Aviv played for the Shapira Cup, named after former Hapoel Tel Aviv treasurer Yosef Shapira.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 64], "content_span": [65, 450]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073413-0005-0001", "contents": "1955\u201356 Maccabi Tel Aviv F.C. season, Match Results, Shapira Cup\nThe competition was designed to be played as a double round-robin tournament but the competition was delayed after the teams playing only two matches each, as the third round matches were postponed due to weather conditions and then due to the 1954\u201355 Israel State Cup final, which involved Maccabi Tel Aviv and Hapoel Petah Tikva. As league matches started on 3 December 1955, the competition was abandoned altogether.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 64], "content_span": [65, 484]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073414-0000-0000", "contents": "1955\u201356 Maltese Premier League\nThe 1955\u201356 Maltese First Division was the 41st season of top-tier football in Malta. It was contested by 8 teams, and Sliema Wanderers F.C. won the championship.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [30, 30], "content_span": [31, 193]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073415-0000-0000", "contents": "1955\u201356 Manchester United F.C. season\nThe 1955\u201356 season was Manchester United's 54th season in the Football League, and their 11th consecutive season in the top division of English football.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [37, 37], "content_span": [38, 191]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073415-0001-0000", "contents": "1955\u201356 Manchester United F.C. season\nA United side consisted mostly of players in their late teens and early twenties finished the season as league champions 11 points ahead of their nearest rivals Blackpool and Wolves.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [37, 37], "content_span": [38, 220]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073415-0002-0000", "contents": "1955\u201356 Manchester United F.C. season\nRight-half Eddie Colman made his debut for United this season, first featuring in the league match against Bolton Wanderers at Burnden Park on 12 November 1955 and was soon a regular partner to Duncan Edwards in the United half-back positions. Colman's breakthrough forced Jeff Whitefoot out of the team and contributed to his transfer to Grimsby Town in the summer of 1956, while long-serving goalkeeper Jack Crompton played his final game for United this season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [37, 37], "content_span": [38, 502]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073416-0000-0000", "contents": "1955\u201356 Mansfield Town F.C. season\nThe 1955\u201356 season was Mansfield Town's 18th season in the Football League and 13th season in the Third Division North, they finished in 18th position with 39 points.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [34, 34], "content_span": [35, 201]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073417-0000-0000", "contents": "1955\u201356 Marshall Thundering Herd men's basketball team\nThe 1955\u201356 Marshall Thundering Herd men's basketball team represented Marshall College (now Marshall University) during the 1955\u201356 NCAA men's basketball season. The Thundering Herd, led by first-year head coach Jule Rivlin, played their home games at the Veterans Memorial Fieldhouse as members of the Mid-American Conference. They finished the season 18\u20135, 10\u20132 in MAC play to finish in first place. For the first time in school history, they received the MAC's automatic bid to the NCAA Tournament where they lost to Morehead State in the First Round.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 54], "section_span": [54, 54], "content_span": [55, 610]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073417-0001-0000", "contents": "1955\u201356 Marshall Thundering Herd men's basketball team\nThe season also marked the first time in the program's history that the Thundering Herd were ranked in the AP Poll during the season, coming in at No. 18 on the week of January 31.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 54], "section_span": [54, 54], "content_span": [55, 235]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073418-0000-0000", "contents": "1955\u201356 Mexican Primera Divisi\u00f3n season\nStatistics of the Primera Divisi\u00f3n de M\u00e9xico for the 1955\u201356 season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [39, 39], "content_span": [40, 108]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073418-0001-0000", "contents": "1955\u201356 Mexican Primera Divisi\u00f3n season, Overview\nAtlas (Segunda Divisi\u00f3n 1954-55 Champion), Zamora and Cuautla (second and third place in a promotional tournament in Segunda Divisi\u00f3n) were promoted to Primera Divisi\u00f3n, to increase the number of teams to 14 clubs.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 49], "content_span": [50, 264]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073418-0002-0000", "contents": "1955\u201356 Mexican Primera Divisi\u00f3n season, Overview\nThe season was contested by 14 teams, and Le\u00f3n won the championship.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 49], "content_span": [50, 118]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073419-0000-0000", "contents": "1955\u201356 Mexican Segunda Divisi\u00f3n season\nThe 1955\u201356 Mexican Segunda Divisi\u00f3n was the 6th season of the Mexican Segunda Divisi\u00f3n. The season started on 10 July 1955 and concluded on 16 January 1956. It was won by Monterrey.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [39, 39], "content_span": [40, 222]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073420-0000-0000", "contents": "1955\u201356 Michigan Wolverines men's basketball team\nThe 1955\u201356 Michigan Wolverines men's basketball team represented the University of Michigan in intercollegiate basketball during the 1955\u201356 season. The team finished the season in a tie for eighth place in the Big Ten Conference with an overall record of 9\u201313 and 4\u201310 against conference opponents.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 49], "section_span": [49, 49], "content_span": [50, 350]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073420-0001-0000", "contents": "1955\u201356 Michigan Wolverines men's basketball team\nWilliam Perigo was in his fourth year as the team's head coach. Junior Ron Kramer was the team's leading scorer with 448 points in 22 games for an average of 20.3 points per game. Tom Jorgensen was the team captain.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 49], "section_span": [49, 49], "content_span": [50, 265]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073420-0002-0000", "contents": "1955\u201356 Michigan Wolverines men's basketball team, Team players drafted into the NBA\nTwo players from this team were selected in the NBA Draft.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 49], "section_span": [51, 84], "content_span": [85, 143]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073421-0000-0000", "contents": "1955\u201356 Michigan Wolverines men's ice hockey season\nThe 1955\u201356 Michigan Wolverines men's ice hockey team represented the University of Michigan in college ice hockey. In its 12th year under head coach Vic Heyliger, the team compiled a 20\u20132\u20131 record, outscored opponents 109 to 49, and won the 1956 NCAA Division I Men's Ice Hockey Tournament. The Wolverines defeated St. Lawrence 2\u20131 in overtime in the first round of the Frozen Four. They then defeated Michigan Tech by a 7\u20135 score in the championship game at Broadmoor Arena in Colorado Springs, Colorado. The 1956 championship was Michigan's sixth NCAA hockey championship in nine years.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 51], "section_span": [51, 51], "content_span": [52, 641]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073421-0001-0000", "contents": "1955\u201356 Michigan Wolverines men's ice hockey season\nGoalie Lorne Howes was selected as the team's Most Valuable Player and was also named Most Valuable Player in the 1956 NCAA Tournament. Team captain Bill MacFarland was the team's leading scorer with 19 goals, 28 assists, and 47 total points in 23 games. Howes, MacFarland, and defenseman Bob Schiller were all named to the All-American college hockey team.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 51], "section_span": [51, 51], "content_span": [52, 409]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073421-0002-0000", "contents": "1955\u201356 Michigan Wolverines men's ice hockey season, Standings\nWhen teams met each other four times, one point was awarded for a win, one-half point for a tie. Maximum of 24 points available.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 51], "section_span": [53, 62], "content_span": [63, 191]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073421-0003-0000", "contents": "1955\u201356 Michigan Wolverines men's ice hockey season, Schedule\nConference games against Michigan State, Michigan Tech and Minnesota were only worth 1 point in the standings.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 51], "section_span": [53, 61], "content_span": [62, 172]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073421-0004-0000", "contents": "1955\u201356 Michigan Wolverines men's ice hockey season, Regular season, McGill: Dec. 3, 1955\nOn December 3, 1955, the Wolverines opened their season with a 5-3 victory over McGill in front of a sellout crowd of 3,700 at the Coliseum in Ann Arbor. Dick Dunnigan scored two goals for Michigan. Bill MacFarland, Ed Switzer, and Wally Maxwell scored one each. Team captain MacFarland sustained \"a severe ankle sprain\" after colliding with the boards in the third period. The Michigan Daily praised the play of the newest Wolverine, Wally Maxwell: \"His scoring punch and sharp passing should make him one of Michigan's leading offense threats.\"", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 51], "section_span": [53, 89], "content_span": [90, 636]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073421-0005-0000", "contents": "1955\u201356 Michigan Wolverines men's ice hockey season, Regular season, at North Dakota: December 9\u201310, 1955\nThe Wolverines next played a Friday/Saturday series against the North Dakota Fighting Sioux on December 9 and 10, 1955, at Grand Forks, North Dakota. Michigan won the first game, 5-1, before a \"violently partisan\" crowd of 3,800 at Grand Forks. Michigan's goals were scored by Dick Dunnigan, Ed Switzer, Tom Rendall, Jay Goold, and Wally Maxwell. Goalie Lorne Howes made 23 saves.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 51], "section_span": [53, 105], "content_span": [106, 486]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073421-0006-0000", "contents": "1955\u201356 Michigan Wolverines men's ice hockey season, Regular season, at North Dakota: December 9\u201310, 1955\nThe Wolverines lost the second game to North Dakota by a 4-2 score. Michigan goalie Lorne Howes was struck by the puck above his left eye at the start of the third period and sustained a gash. The game was delayed while Howes had the wound stitched. Ed Switzer and Bernie Hanna scored Michigan's goals. South Dakota's final goal came late in the third period after Michigan coach Vic Heyliger pulled the goalie for an extra skater.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 51], "section_span": [53, 105], "content_span": [106, 537]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073421-0007-0000", "contents": "1955\u201356 Michigan Wolverines men's ice hockey season, Regular season, Denver: December 13 and 14, 1955\nThe Wolverines returned home for a Tuesday/Wednesday series against the Denver Pioneers on December 13 and 14, 1955. In the Tuesday night game, the teams played to a 3-3 tie before a crowd of 2,500 at the Coliseum in Ann Arbor. Michigan held a 3-1 lead with five minutes left in the game, but the Pioneers scored twice, including a tying goal with 49 second remaining. Neither team scored in the 10-minute overtime period, and the game ended in a tie. Wally Maxwell scored two goals in the game, and Ed Switzer scored one. With the tie, Michigan fell to 1-1-1 in three WIHL games.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 51], "section_span": [53, 101], "content_span": [102, 682]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073421-0008-0000", "contents": "1955\u201356 Michigan Wolverines men's ice hockey season, Regular season, Denver: December 13 and 14, 1955\nMichigan won the Wednesday night game by a 6-2 score in front of a crowd of 2,700 at the Coliseum. Defenseman Bob Pitts was the star of the game with two goals and a strong defensive performance. Team captain Bill MacFarland also scored twice. Michigan's remaining goals were scored by Ed Switzer and Tom Rendall. Denver's second goal came on an errant effort by Michigan to clear the zone. A Michigan defender inadvertently passed the puck backward into the net. After the game, Michigan coach Vic Heyliger said, \"When these boys want to play hockey, they can really get out there and play. This is what we've been waiting for.\"", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 51], "section_span": [53, 101], "content_span": [102, 731]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073421-0009-0000", "contents": "1955\u201356 Michigan Wolverines men's ice hockey season, Regular season, Ineligible Players\nOn February 7 the Big Ten ruled that Mike Buchanan and Wally Maxwell were ineligible to play due to having accepted expense money from outside sources while playing in high school. While the ruling ended the college careers of both players, no action was taken against Michigan as the violations occurred prior to either player entering college. Furthermore, Michigan was not required to forfeit any games in which either player had participated (including the 1955 national championship in which Buchanan had played).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 51], "section_span": [53, 87], "content_span": [88, 606]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073421-0010-0000", "contents": "1955\u201356 Michigan Wolverines men's ice hockey season, 1956 NCAA championship\nAfter compiling an 18\u20132\u20131 record and winning the Western Intercollegiate Hockey League (WIHL) championship, Michigan was invited to participate in the Frozen Four for the ninth consecutive year. The 1956 NCAA Division I Men's Ice Hockey Tournament was held at Broadmoor Arena at The Broadmoor, a luxury hotel located in Colorado Springs, Colorado. St. Lawrence University (from Canton, New York) and Boston College were invited from the East and Michigan and Michigan Technological University (from Houghton, Michigan) were invited from the West.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 51], "section_span": [53, 75], "content_span": [76, 622]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073421-0011-0000", "contents": "1955\u201356 Michigan Wolverines men's ice hockey season, 1956 NCAA championship, Semifinal vs. St. Lawrence\nOn March 16, 1956, the Wolverines faced the St. Lawrence Saints in the opening round. Neither team scored in the first period, as Michigan goalie Lorne Howes made 11 saves and the Wolverines were held to five shots on goal. St. Lawrence took a 1\u20130 lead with an unassisted goal by McKinnon with less than a minute remaining in the second period. St. Lawrence goalie Whittier had 15 saves in the second period.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 51], "section_span": [53, 103], "content_span": [104, 512]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073421-0011-0001", "contents": "1955\u201356 Michigan Wolverines men's ice hockey season, 1956 NCAA championship, Semifinal vs. St. Lawrence\nAt the 3:59 mark in the third period, Michigan tied the score at 1\u20131 as Ed Switzer scored a goal with assists by Neil McDonald and Bob Pitts. Howes made 13 saves in the third period (30 saves in the game), and the third period ended in a tie. In the overtime period, Tom Rendall scored the winning goal at the 1:21 mark with an assist from Don McIntosh.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 51], "section_span": [53, 103], "content_span": [104, 457]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073421-0012-0000", "contents": "1955\u201356 Michigan Wolverines men's ice hockey season, 1956 NCAA championship, Championship vs. Michigan Tech.\nOn March 17, 1956, the Wolverines faced the Michigan Tech Huskies in the championship game. The Wolverines and Huskies had played four times in the regular season with Michigan winning all four games by a combined score of 21\u20137. In the championship game, Michigan struck first with a goal by Ed Switzer, assisted by Neil McDonald, only 23 seconds into the game. The period ended with Michigan ahead 4\u20133. Michigan's remaining goals in the first period were scored by Neil McDonald (assist by Bob Schiller at 9:22), Aubrey (unassisted at 11:04), and Schiller (assist by McDonald at 13:11).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 51], "section_span": [53, 108], "content_span": [109, 696]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073421-0012-0001", "contents": "1955\u201356 Michigan Wolverines men's ice hockey season, 1956 NCAA championship, Championship vs. Michigan Tech.\nMichigan goalie Lorne Howes made 19 saves in the first period. In the second period, Michigan Tech took a 5\u20134 lead, scoring two goals in the opening 7:15. The Wolverines tied the score at 5\u20135 on a goal by Ed Switzer, assisted by Bernie Hanna at 7:58. Michigan then took the lead, scoring two goals within 11 seconds of the other. Switzer scored at the 14:38 mark (assist by Dick Dunnigan), and Neil McDonald followed with an unassisted goal at 14:49. The third period was scoreless as Howes tallied 19 more saves. Switzer's third goal of the game gave him a hat trick.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 51], "section_span": [53, 108], "content_span": [109, 677]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073421-0013-0000", "contents": "1955\u201356 Michigan Wolverines men's ice hockey season, 1956 NCAA championship, All-Tournament Team\nMichigan goalie Lorne Howes, who totaled 46 saves in the championship game, was named the Most Outstanding Player of the Tournament. Michigan players also took five of six first-team spots on the Associated Press All-Tournament Team. The Michigan players so honored were Howes, defensemen Bob Pitts and Bob Schiller, center Tom Rendall, and wing Ed Switzer. Shortly after winning the championship, the members of the Michigan hockey team selected Bob Pitts as captain of the 1956\u201357 Michigan hockey team.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 51], "section_span": [53, 96], "content_span": [97, 601]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073421-0014-0000", "contents": "1955\u201356 Michigan Wolverines men's ice hockey season, Roster and scoring statistics\nFourteen players received varsity letters for the 1955\u201356 Michigan hockey team. Those 14 players are listed in bold below. Richard T. Brown received the Manager's \"M\".", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 51], "section_span": [53, 82], "content_span": [83, 250]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073422-0000-0000", "contents": "1955\u201356 Minneapolis Lakers season\nThe 1955\u201356 NBA season was the Lakers' eighth season playing in the NBA.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [33, 33], "content_span": [34, 106]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073423-0000-0000", "contents": "1955\u201356 Molde FK season\nThe 1955\u201356 season was Molde's 8th consecutive year in the second tier of Norwegian football, their fifth in Landsdelsserien.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [23, 23], "content_span": [24, 149]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073423-0001-0000", "contents": "1955\u201356 Molde FK season\nThis season, Molde competed in Landsdelsserien and the 1956 Norwegian Cup.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [23, 23], "content_span": [24, 98]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073423-0002-0000", "contents": "1955\u201356 Molde FK season, Season events\nOn 28 August 1955, Molde opened their new stadium with a 1\u20130 win against Aalesund. Arne Hemnes scored the first goal in the 34th minute of the game. Approximately 2,500 spectators attended the opening game at Molde Stadion.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 38], "content_span": [39, 262]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073423-0003-0000", "contents": "1955\u201356 Molde FK season, Squad\nSource:Note: Flags indicate national team as defined under FIFA eligibility rules. Players may hold more than one non-FIFA nationality.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 30], "content_span": [31, 166]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073424-0000-0000", "contents": "1955\u201356 Montenegrin Republic League\nThe 1955\u201356 Montenegrin Republic League was 11th season of Montenegrin Republic League. Season began in March 1956 and ended in May same year.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [35, 35], "content_span": [36, 178]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073424-0001-0000", "contents": "1955\u201356 Montenegrin Republic League, Season\nAs nine Montenegrin teams played in 1955-56 edition of Yugoslav First League and Yugoslav Second League, third tier of competition became Competition of Titograd Football Association (Titogradski podsavez). Divided in two groups (Southern and Northern), competition had eight participants. Among them, for the first and only time was one team from non-Montenegrin territory, GO\u0160K Dubrovnik (SR Croatia). Because of that, results of GO\u0160K Dubrovnik are not included in the final table or in the all-time scores list of Montenegrin Republic League.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 43], "content_span": [44, 589]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073424-0002-0000", "contents": "1955\u201356 Montenegrin Republic League, Season, Southern group\nTitle winner in Southern group was Bokelj, who was undefeated after six weeks.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 59], "content_span": [60, 138]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073424-0003-0000", "contents": "1955\u201356 Montenegrin Republic League, Season, Northern group\nTitle winner in Northern group was Iskra, who was undefeated after six weeks.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 59], "content_span": [60, 137]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073424-0004-0000", "contents": "1955\u201356 Montenegrin Republic League, Season, Final table\nWinner of the season was Bokelj, who had one point more than Iskra. In final classification is not included score of GO\u0160K Dubrovnik.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 56], "content_span": [57, 189]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073424-0005-0000", "contents": "1955\u201356 Montenegrin Republic League, Higher leagues\nOn season 1955\u201356, nine Montenegrin teams played in higher leagues of SFR Yugoslavia. Budu\u0107nost was a member of 1955\u201356 Yugoslav First League, while Sutjeska, Lov\u0107en, Arsenal, Radni\u010dki Nik\u0161i\u0107, Mladost Titograd, Radni\u010dki Ivangrad, Jedinstvo Bijelo Polje and Jedinstvo Herceg Novi played in 1955\u201356 Yugoslav Second League.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 51], "content_span": [52, 372]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073425-0000-0000", "contents": "1955\u201356 Montreal Canadiens season\nThe 1955\u201356 Montreal Canadiens season was the team's 47th season of play. The Canadiens placed first in the regular season standings (with their 45 wins setting an NHL record) and won the Stanley Cup for the eighth time in the club's history.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [33, 33], "content_span": [34, 276]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073425-0001-0000", "contents": "1955\u201356 Montreal Canadiens season, Playoffs, Stanley Cup Finals\nThis was the first Finals for Henri Richard and Toe Blake's first Finals as coach. The Canadiens faced the Detroit Red Wings for the fourth time in five years, having lost in 1952, 1954, and 1955. This year, they won in five games.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 63], "content_span": [64, 295]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073426-0000-0000", "contents": "1955\u201356 NBA season\nThe 1955\u201356 NBA season was the 10th season of the National Basketball Association. The season ended with the Philadelphia Warriors winning the NBA Championship, beating the Fort Wayne Pistons 4 games to 1 in the NBA Finals.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 18], "section_span": [18, 18], "content_span": [19, 242]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073426-0001-0000", "contents": "1955\u201356 NBA season, Playoffs\nBold Series winnerItalic Team with home-court advantage in NBA Finals", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 18], "section_span": [20, 28], "content_span": [29, 98]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073426-0002-0000", "contents": "1955\u201356 NBA season, Statistics leaders\nNote: Prior to the 1969\u201370 season, league leaders in points, rebounds, and assists were determined by totals rather than averages.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 18], "section_span": [20, 38], "content_span": [39, 169]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073427-0000-0000", "contents": "1955\u201356 NCAA men's basketball rankings\nThe 1955\u201356 NCAA men's basketball rankings was made up of two human polls, the AP Poll and the Coaches Poll.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [38, 38], "content_span": [39, 147]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073428-0000-0000", "contents": "1955\u201356 NCAA men's basketball season\nThe 1955\u201356 NCAA men's basketball season began in December 1955, progressed through the regular season and conference tournaments, and concluded with the 1956 NCAA Basketball Tournament Championship Game on March 24, 1956, at McGaw Hall in Evanston, Illinois. The San Francisco Dons won their second NCAA national championship with an 83\u201371 victory over the Iowa Hawkeyes.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [36, 36], "content_span": [37, 409]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073428-0001-0000", "contents": "1955\u201356 NCAA men's basketball season, Rule changes\nThe two-shot free-throw penalty for a foul committed in the last three minutes of a game was eliminated. The \"one-and-one\" free throw, in which a player shoots a second free throw only if he makes his first, went into effect for the entire game.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 50], "content_span": [51, 296]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073428-0002-0000", "contents": "1955\u201356 NCAA men's basketball season, Season outlook, Pre-season polls\nThe top 20 from the AP Poll during the pre-season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 70], "content_span": [71, 121]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073428-0003-0000", "contents": "1955\u201356 NCAA men's basketball season, Post-Season Tournaments, NCAA Tournament\nCoach Phil Woolpert and his star Bill Russell successfully guided San Francisco to its second consecutive championship, capping an undefeated season. The Dons became the first team in college basketball history to go undefeated and win the NCAA tournament. Temple's Hal Lear was named tournament Most Outstanding Player.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 78], "content_span": [79, 399]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073428-0004-0000", "contents": "1955\u201356 NCAA men's basketball season, Post-Season Tournaments, National Invitation Tournament\nLouisville won its first NIT title, defeating Dayton 83\u201380. Louisville's Charlie Tyra won MVP honors", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 93], "content_span": [94, 194]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073428-0005-0000", "contents": "1955\u201356 NCAA men's basketball season, Coaching changes\nA number of teams changed coaches during the season and after it ended.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 54], "content_span": [55, 126]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073429-0000-0000", "contents": "1955\u201356 NCAA men's ice hockey season\nThe 1955\u201356 NCAA men's ice hockey season began in November 1955 and concluded with the 1956 NCAA Men's Ice Hockey Tournament's championship game on March 17, 1956 at the Broadmoor Ice Palace in Colorado Springs, Colorado. This was the 9th season in which an NCAA ice hockey championship was held and is the 61st year overall where an NCAA school fielded a team.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [36, 36], "content_span": [37, 398]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073429-0001-0000", "contents": "1955\u201356 NCAA men's ice hockey season\nClarkson completed the first undefeated season, going 23-0, since the inception of the NCAA tournament. As of 2016 only Cornell (in 1970) has been able to accomplish the same feat.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [36, 36], "content_span": [37, 217]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073429-0002-0000", "contents": "1955\u201356 NCAA men's ice hockey season, Regular season, Standings\nWhen teams met each other four times, one point was awarded for a win, one-half point for a tie. Maximum of 24 points available.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 63], "content_span": [64, 192]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073429-0003-0000", "contents": "1955\u201356 NCAA men's ice hockey season, Player stats, Scoring leaders\nThe following players led the league in points at the conclusion of the season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 67], "content_span": [68, 147]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073429-0004-0000", "contents": "1955\u201356 NCAA men's ice hockey season, Player stats, Scoring leaders\nGP = Games played; G = Goals; A = Assists; Pts = Points; PIM = Penalty minutes", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 67], "content_span": [68, 146]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073429-0005-0000", "contents": "1955\u201356 NCAA men's ice hockey season, Player stats, Leading goaltenders\nThe following goaltenders led the league in goals against average at the end of the regular season while playing at least 33% of their team's total minutes.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 71], "content_span": [72, 228]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073429-0006-0000", "contents": "1955\u201356 NCAA men's ice hockey season, Player stats, Leading goaltenders\nGP = Games played; Min = Minutes played; W = Wins; L = Losses; OT = Overtime/shootout losses; GA = Goals against; SO = Shutouts; SV% = Save percentage; GAA = Goals against average", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 71], "content_span": [72, 251]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073430-0000-0000", "contents": "1955\u201356 NHL season\nThe 1955\u201356 NHL season was the 39th season of the National Hockey League. Six teams each played 70 games. The Montreal Canadiens were the Stanley Cup champions as they beat the Detroit Red Wings four games to one in the best-of-seven final series.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 18], "section_span": [18, 18], "content_span": [19, 266]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073430-0001-0000", "contents": "1955\u201356 NHL season, League business\nAt a governors' meeting in December, a discussion took place concerning the uniforms worn by officials. It was contended that the present orange and black uniforms were confusing to players and fans, particularly when red uniforms are worn by either of the participating teams. Furthermore, it was pointed out that the existing uniforms showed up black on television. It was unanimously agreed that officials' uniforms should be changed to black and white vertical stripes. The black and white uniforms were first worn on December 29, 1955.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 18], "section_span": [20, 35], "content_span": [36, 576]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073430-0002-0000", "contents": "1955\u201356 NHL season, League business\nWith Montreal frequently racking up two or three goals on any one power play, NHL President Clarence Campbell said he'd like the penalty rule revised to a penalized player returning to the ice when a power play goal is scored on a minor penalty. The Canadiens were the lone club to vote against the new legislation.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 18], "section_span": [20, 35], "content_span": [36, 351]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073430-0003-0000", "contents": "1955\u201356 NHL season, Regular season\nThe streak of seven straight seasons at the top of the NHL held by the Detroit Red Wings' dynasty came to an end as the Montreal Canadiens were tops. The Canadiens set a new record for wins in a season with 45. The Canadiens had a new coach, their one-time great former All-Star left-winger, Hector \"Toe\" Blake.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 18], "section_span": [20, 34], "content_span": [35, 346]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073430-0004-0000", "contents": "1955\u201356 NHL season, Regular season\nDick Irvin, formerly the coach in Montreal, whom Habs' GM Frank Selke Sr. found a little truculent, took over as coach in Chicago, but could not get them out of the cellar, though they did improve. It was sort of a homecoming for Irvin as he started his coaching career with Chicago in 1930.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 18], "section_span": [20, 34], "content_span": [35, 326]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073430-0005-0000", "contents": "1955\u201356 NHL season, Regular season, Highlights\nWhen the Hawks went to the Montreal Forum on October 22, Irvin was presented with a set of silver flatware by William Northey, representing the Canadian Arena Company. In the game itself, rookie Henri Richard scored two goals as Montreal shut out Chicago 6\u20130.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 18], "section_span": [20, 46], "content_span": [47, 306]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073430-0006-0000", "contents": "1955\u201356 NHL season, Regular season, Highlights\nOn November 5, Jean Beliveau scored three goals in 44 seconds as Montreal beat Boston 4\u20133. The record for fastest hat trick still was held by Bill Mosienko with three goals in 21 seconds.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 18], "section_span": [20, 46], "content_span": [47, 234]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073430-0007-0000", "contents": "1955\u201356 NHL season, Regular season, Highlights\nOn December 29, officials debut the new \"zebra\" outfits in a game between the Canadiens and Maple Leafs.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 18], "section_span": [20, 46], "content_span": [47, 151]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073430-0008-0000", "contents": "1955\u201356 NHL season, Regular season, Highlights\nOn January 11, a crowd of 15,570 delighted fans at Madison Square Garden watched the Rangers trounce the Canadiens 6\u20131. Pete Conacher was a star for the Rangers with two goals. Lou Fontinato and Maurice Richard had a gala fight and Fontinato knocked out Richard with a punch that required several stitches above Richard's eye.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 18], "section_span": [20, 46], "content_span": [47, 373]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073430-0009-0000", "contents": "1955\u201356 NHL season, Regular season, Highlights\nMontreal routed the Rangers 9\u20134 on February 18 as Beliveau had the hat trick and Richard two. The Rocket was incensed when referee Louis Maschio gave his brother a misconduct penalty and his teammates had to cool him off.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 18], "section_span": [20, 46], "content_span": [47, 268]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073430-0010-0000", "contents": "1955\u201356 NHL season, Regular season, Highlights\nBeliveau set a record for goals by a center when he scored his 45th goal on March 15. Maurice Richard was hurt in this game when he fell over Hawk defenceman Pierre Pilote's skate and went headlong into the goal. He required stitches and was taken to hospital for X-rays. The Rocket was back in the lineup on St. Patrick's Day as the Canadiens trounced the Rangers 7\u20132 and Richard had the hat trick.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 18], "section_span": [20, 46], "content_span": [47, 446]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073430-0011-0000", "contents": "1955\u201356 NHL season, Regular season, Highlights\nRookie Glenn Hall had a fabulous year with 12 shutouts and a 2.11 goals against average for the ever-powerful Detroit Red Wings. He received the Calder Memorial Trophy over Henri \"Pocket Rocket\" Richard.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 18], "section_span": [20, 46], "content_span": [47, 250]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073430-0012-0000", "contents": "1955\u201356 NHL season, Player statistics, Scoring leaders\nNote: GP = Games played, G = Goals, A = Assists, PTS = Points, PIM = Penalties in minutes", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 18], "section_span": [20, 54], "content_span": [55, 144]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073430-0013-0000", "contents": "1955\u201356 NHL season, Player statistics, Leading goaltenders\nNote: GP = Games played; Min \u2013 Minutes Played; GA = Goals Against; GAA = Goals Against Average; W = Wins; L = Losses; T = Ties; SO = Shutouts", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 18], "section_span": [20, 58], "content_span": [59, 200]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073430-0014-0000", "contents": "1955\u201356 NHL season, Debuts\nThe following is a list of players of note who played their first NHL game in 1955\u201356 (listed with their first team, asterisk(*) marks debut in playoffs):", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 18], "section_span": [20, 26], "content_span": [27, 181]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073430-0015-0000", "contents": "1955\u201356 NHL season, Last games\nThe following is a list of players of note that played their last game in the NHL in 1955\u201356 (listed with their last team):", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 18], "section_span": [20, 30], "content_span": [31, 154]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073431-0000-0000", "contents": "1955\u201356 National Football League (Ireland)\nThe 1955\u201356 National Football League was the 25th staging of the National Football League (NFL), an annual Gaelic football tournament for the Gaelic Athletic Association county teams of Ireland.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 42], "section_span": [42, 42], "content_span": [43, 237]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073432-0000-0000", "contents": "1955\u201356 National Hurling League\nThe 1955\u201356 National Hurling League was the 25th season of the National Hurling League.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [31, 31], "content_span": [32, 119]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073432-0001-0000", "contents": "1955\u201356 National Hurling League, New structure\nAs a result of a lack of interest from defeated first-round hurling teams in recent years, the GAA's Central Council introduced a new system of relegation and promotion for the 1955-56 league. Division 1 was confined to ten teams comprising two groups of five. The bottom-placed team in each group would play off to decide which of the two teams would be relegated. Division 2 was made up of eight teams comprising two groups of four. The first-placed teams in each group contested the final with the winners being promoted.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 46], "content_span": [47, 571]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073432-0002-0000", "contents": "1955\u201356 National Hurling League, Division 1\nTipperary came into the season as defending champions of the 1954-55 season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 43], "content_span": [44, 120]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073432-0003-0000", "contents": "1955\u201356 National Hurling League, Division 1\nOn 6 May 1956, Wexford won the title after a 5\u20139 to 2\u201314 win over Tipperary in the final. It was their first ever league title.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 43], "content_span": [44, 171]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073432-0004-0000", "contents": "1955\u201356 National Hurling League, Division 2\nIn a new departure the Gaelic Athletic Association introduced a second division for the 'second tier' hurling teams. Division 2 featured eight teams divided into two groups - 2A and 2B. The first group featured Down, Meath, Antrim and Wicklow. The second group featured Offaly, Roscommon, Kerry and Laois. Antrim finished top of group 2A and were crowned champions after defeating group 2B winners Kerry in the final. Antrim thus won promotion to division one for the following year.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 43], "content_span": [44, 527]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073433-0000-0000", "contents": "1955\u201356 Nationalliga A, Overview\nIt was contested by 14 teams, and Grasshopper Club Z\u00fcrich won the championship.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [24, 32], "content_span": [33, 112]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073434-0000-0000", "contents": "1955\u201356 Nationalliga A season\nThe 1955\u201356 Nationalliga A season was the 18th season of the Nationalliga A, the top level of ice hockey in Switzerland. Eight teams participated in the league, and EHC Arosa won the championship.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [29, 29], "content_span": [30, 226]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073435-0000-0000", "contents": "1955\u201356 Netherlands Football League Championship\nThe Netherlands Football League Championship 1955\u20131956 was contested by 36 teams participating in two divisions. The national champion would be determined by a play-off featuring the two best placed teams in both divisions of the Netherlands. Rapid JC won this year's championship by beating NAC, Elinkwijk and Sparta Rotterdam.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 48], "section_span": [48, 48], "content_span": [49, 377]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073436-0000-0000", "contents": "1955\u201356 New York Knicks season\nThe 1955\u201356 New York Knicks season was the tenth season for the team in the National Basketball Association (NBA). In the regular season, the Knicks finished with a 35\u201337 record and tied for third place in the Eastern Division with the Syracuse Nationals. New York lost to the Nationals in a one-game playoff for a berth in the Eastern Division Semifinals.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [30, 30], "content_span": [31, 387]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073436-0001-0000", "contents": "1955\u201356 New York Knicks season, NBA Draft\nNote: This is not an extensive list; it only covers the first and second rounds, and any other players picked by the franchise that played at least one game in the league.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 41], "content_span": [42, 213]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073437-0000-0000", "contents": "1955\u201356 New York Rangers season\nThe 1955\u201356 New York Rangers season was the 30th season for the team in the National Hockey League. In the regular season, the Rangers finished third overall in the league with a 32\u201328\u201310 record. New York qualified for the Stanley Cup playoffs, where they lost to the Montreal Canadiens 4\u20131 in a best of seven games series.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [31, 31], "content_span": [32, 355]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073437-0001-0000", "contents": "1955\u201356 New York Rangers season, Player statistics\n\u2020Denotes player spent time with another team before joining Rangers. Stats reflect time with Rangers only. \u2021Traded mid-season. Stats reflect time with Rangers only.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 50], "content_span": [51, 215]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073438-0000-0000", "contents": "1955\u201356 New Zealand rugby tour of Great Britain and France\nThe 1955\u20131956 New Zealand rugby tour of Great Britain and France was a tour by the New Zealand national rugby league team. New Zealand lost both test series 1-2.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 58], "section_span": [58, 58], "content_span": [59, 220]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073438-0001-0000", "contents": "1955\u201356 New Zealand rugby tour of Great Britain and France, Squad\nThe team was coached by Harold Tetley and managed by Colin Siddle. Cliff Johnson was originally selected but withdrew and was replaced by Maxwell.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 58], "section_span": [60, 65], "content_span": [66, 212]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073438-0002-0000", "contents": "1955\u201356 New Zealand rugby tour of Great Britain and France, Squad\nVern Bakalich scored a then record twenty six tries while on tour.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 58], "section_span": [60, 65], "content_span": [66, 132]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073438-0003-0000", "contents": "1955\u201356 New Zealand rugby tour of Great Britain and France, Squad\nMatch Results and Players' Records (appearances, tries and goals) were printed in the 1956 edition of the Sydney-based publication, E.E. Christensen's Official Rugby League Yearbook.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 58], "section_span": [60, 65], "content_span": [66, 248]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073438-0004-0000", "contents": "1955\u201356 New Zealand rugby tour of Great Britain and France, Fixtures\nA full list of fixtures is available at the  website.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 58], "section_span": [60, 68], "content_span": [69, 122]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073438-0005-0000", "contents": "1955\u201356 New Zealand rugby tour of Great Britain and France, Fixtures\nThe Kiwis were so ravaged by injuries that they only had twelve fully fit players available for the final Test against France.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 58], "section_span": [60, 68], "content_span": [69, 195]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073439-0000-0000", "contents": "1955\u201356 Newport County A.F.C. season\nThe 1955\u201356 season was Newport County's 28th season in the Football League and ninth consecutive season in the Third Division South since relegation from the Second Division at the end of the 1946\u201347 season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [36, 36], "content_span": [37, 244]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073439-0001-0000", "contents": "1955\u201356 Newport County A.F.C. season, League table\nP = Matches played; W = Matches won; D = Matches drawn; L = Matches lost; F = Goals for; A = Goals against; GA = Goal average; Pts = Points", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 50], "content_span": [51, 190]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073440-0000-0000", "contents": "1955\u201356 Northern Football League\nThe 1955\u201356 Northern Football League season was the 58th in the history of the Northern Football League, a football competition in Northern England.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [32, 32], "content_span": [33, 181]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073440-0001-0000", "contents": "1955\u201356 Northern Football League, Clubs\nThe league featured 14 clubs which competed in the last season, no new clubs joined the league this season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 39], "content_span": [40, 147]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073441-0000-0000", "contents": "1955\u201356 Northern Rugby Football League season\nThe 1955\u201356 Rugby Football League season was the leagues's 61st season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 45], "section_span": [45, 45], "content_span": [46, 117]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073441-0001-0000", "contents": "1955\u201356 Northern Rugby Football League season, Season summary\nBelle Vue Rangers dropped out of the competition shortly before the start of the season. There was no time to reschedule and so percentages were used.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 45], "section_span": [47, 61], "content_span": [62, 212]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073441-0002-0000", "contents": "1955\u201356 Northern Rugby Football League season, Season summary\nIn 1955-56 Wigan took part in the Independent Television Association Trophy. This was a series of televised floodlit matches played in London and shown on the newly launched ITV. It only lasted one year but the idea would be picked up again by the BBC in 1965.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 45], "section_span": [47, 61], "content_span": [62, 322]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073441-0003-0000", "contents": "1955\u201356 Northern Rugby Football League season, Season summary\nITV Floodlit Competition winners were Warrington who beat Leigh 43-18 in the final.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 45], "section_span": [47, 61], "content_span": [62, 145]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073441-0004-0000", "contents": "1955\u201356 Northern Rugby Football League season, Season summary\nHull F.C. won their fourth Rugby Football League Championship when they beat Halifax 10-9 in the play-off final. Warrington had finished the regular season as league leaders.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 45], "section_span": [47, 61], "content_span": [62, 236]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073441-0005-0000", "contents": "1955\u201356 Northern Rugby Football League season, Season summary\nThe Challenge Cup winners were St. Helens who beat Halifax 13-2 in the final.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 45], "section_span": [47, 61], "content_span": [62, 139]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073441-0006-0000", "contents": "1955\u201356 Northern Rugby Football League season, Season summary\nWarrington won the Lancashire League, and Halifax won the Yorkshire League. Leigh beat Widnes 26\u20139 to win the Lancashire County Cup, and Halifax beat Hull F.C. 10\u201310 (replay 7\u20130) to win the Yorkshire County Cup.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 45], "section_span": [47, 61], "content_span": [62, 273]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073441-0007-0000", "contents": "1955\u201356 Northern Rugby Football League season, Challenge Cup\nIn the Challenge Cup tournament's final St. Helens faced Halifax. Played on 28 April 1956 at Wembley Stadium in front of a crowd of 79,341, St Helens won 13-2. This was Saints' first Challenge Cup final win in five Final appearances. Alan Prescott, their prop forward was awarded the Lance Todd Trophy for man-of-the-match.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 45], "section_span": [47, 60], "content_span": [61, 384]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073441-0008-0000", "contents": "1955\u201356 Northern Rugby Football League season, Challenge Cup\nThe St Helens team was greeted enthusiastically upon their return to the North. After detraining at Liverpool the team's open-top coach ride to St Helens attracted an estimated 100,000 people despite pouring rain.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 45], "section_span": [47, 60], "content_span": [61, 274]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073441-0009-0000", "contents": "1955\u201356 Northern Rugby Football League season, European Championship\nThis was the fifteenth European Championship and was won for the second time by the Other Nationalities.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 45], "section_span": [47, 68], "content_span": [69, 173]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073442-0000-0000", "contents": "1955\u201356 Norwegian 1. Divisjon season\nThe 1955\u201356 Norwegian 1. Divisjon season was the 17th season of ice hockey in Norway. Eight teams participated in the league, and Gamlebyen won the championship.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [36, 36], "content_span": [37, 198]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073443-0000-0000", "contents": "1955\u201356 Norwegian Main League\nThe 1955\u20131956 Hovedserien was the 12th completed season of top division football in Norway.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [29, 29], "content_span": [30, 121]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073443-0001-0000", "contents": "1955\u201356 Norwegian Main League, Overview\nIt was contested by 16 teams, and Larvik Turn won the championship, their third league title.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 39], "content_span": [40, 133]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073444-0000-0000", "contents": "1955\u201356 OB I bajnoksag season\nThe 1955\u201356 OB I bajnoks\u00e1g season was the 19th season of the OB I bajnoks\u00e1g, the top level of ice hockey in Hungary. Six teams participated in the league, and Kinizsi SE Budapest won the championship.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [29, 29], "content_span": [30, 230]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073445-0000-0000", "contents": "1955\u201356 Oberliga\nThe 1955\u201356 Oberliga  was the eleventh season of the Oberliga, the first tier of the football league system in West Germany and the Saar Protectorate. The league operated in five regional divisions, Berlin, North, South, Southwest and West. The five league champions and the runners-up from the west, south, southwest and north then entered the 1956 German football championship which was won by Borussia Dortmund. It was Borussia Dortmund's first-ever national championship and second appearance in the championship final, having previously lost to VfR Mannheim in 1949.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 16], "section_span": [16, 16], "content_span": [17, 588]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073445-0001-0000", "contents": "1955\u201356 Oberliga\nA similar-named league, the DDR-Oberliga, existed in East Germany, set at the first tier of the East German football league system. The 1956 DDR-Oberliga was won by SC Wismut Karl-Marx-Stadt.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 16], "section_span": [16, 16], "content_span": [17, 208]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073445-0002-0000", "contents": "1955\u201356 Oberliga, Oberliga Nord\nThe 1955\u201356 season saw two new clubs in the league, VfR Neum\u00fcnster and Eintracht Nordhorn, both promoted from the Amateurliga. The league's top scorer was Uwe Seeler of Hamburger SV with 32 goals, the highest total for any scorer in the five Oberligas in 1955\u201356.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 16], "section_span": [18, 31], "content_span": [32, 295]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073445-0003-0000", "contents": "1955\u201356 Oberliga, Oberliga Berlin\nThe 1955\u201356 season saw two new clubs in the league, Tasmania 1900 Berlin and Hertha Zehlendorf, both promoted from the Amateurliga Berlin. The league's top scorer was Manfred Dommasch of Hertha Zehlendorf with 18 goals.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 16], "section_span": [18, 33], "content_span": [34, 253]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073445-0004-0000", "contents": "1955\u201356 Oberliga, Oberliga West\nThe 1955\u201356 season saw two new clubs in the league, Sportfreunde Hamborn and Wuppertaler SV, both promoted from the 2. Oberliga West. The league's top scorer was Alfred Niepieklo of Borussia Dortmund with 24 goals.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 16], "section_span": [18, 31], "content_span": [32, 246]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073445-0005-0000", "contents": "1955\u201356 Oberliga, Oberliga S\u00fcdwest\nThe 1955\u201356 season saw two new clubs in the league, FV Speyer and Sportfreunde Saarbr\u00fccken, both promoted from the 2. Oberliga S\u00fcdwest. The league's top scorer was Horst Schmutzler of TuS Neuendorf with 30 goals.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 16], "section_span": [18, 34], "content_span": [35, 247]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073445-0006-0000", "contents": "1955\u201356 Oberliga, Oberliga S\u00fcd\nThe 1955\u201356 season saw two new clubs in the league, TSV 1860 M\u00fcnchen and Viktoria Aschaffenburg, both promoted from the 2. Oberliga S\u00fcd. The league's top scorer was Ernst-Otto Meyer of VfR Mannheim with 30 goals, six less than the previous season when he also finished as the league's top scorer.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 16], "section_span": [18, 30], "content_span": [31, 327]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073445-0007-0000", "contents": "1955\u201356 Oberliga, German championship\nThe 1956 German football championship was contested by the nine qualified Oberliga teams and won by Borussia Dortmund, defeating Karlsruher SC in the final. The runners-up of the Oberligas, except Berlin, played pre-qualifying matches to determine which three of the four would go on to the group stage. The remaining eight clubs then played a home-and-away round of matches in two groups of four. The two group winners then advanced to the final.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 16], "section_span": [18, 37], "content_span": [38, 485]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073446-0000-0000", "contents": "1955\u201356 Oberliga (ice hockey) season\nThe 1955-56 Oberliga season was the eighth season of the Oberliga, the top level of ice hockey in Germany. Eight teams participated in the league, and EV F\u00fcssen won the championship.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [36, 36], "content_span": [37, 219]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073447-0000-0000", "contents": "1955\u201356 Oklahoma City Chiefs men's basketball team\nThe 1955\u201356 Oklahoma City Chiefs men's basketball team represented Oklahoma City University in the 1955\u201356 NCAA men's basketball season as an independent. They finished the season 20\u20137 overall record, and made it to the Elite Eight of the 1956 NCAA Basketball Tournament. They were coached by Abe Lemons in his first season as head coach of the Chiefs. They played their home games at the Municipal Auditorium in Oklahoma City, Oklahoma.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 50], "section_span": [50, 50], "content_span": [51, 488]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073448-0000-0000", "contents": "1955\u201356 Panhellenic Championship\nThe 1955\u201356 Panhellenic Championship was the 20th season of the highest football league of Greece and an exceptional interesting championship, since 5 out of the 6 teams were challenging for the title until the final fixture, while Aris was left behind from the beginning. In the end Olympiacos won their 12th championship (3 consecutive) although he started with 4 consecutive draws. Before the final stage , in that year, they were two qualification stages. Initially from the groups of the \"founding\" associations the results were as follows:", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [32, 32], "content_span": [33, 578]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073448-0001-0000", "contents": "1955\u201356 Panhellenic Championship\nSubsequently, 3 new groups were created with geographical criteria where a total of 14 teams participated. The 7 came from the 3 founding associations and the other 7 came from the winners of the regional championships of the same number. Finally, the teams that participated in the final phase of the championship resulted as follows:", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [32, 32], "content_span": [33, 368]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073448-0002-0000", "contents": "1955\u201356 Panhellenic Championship\nThe point system was: Win: 3 points - Draw: 2 points - Loss: 1 point.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [32, 32], "content_span": [33, 102]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073449-0000-0000", "contents": "1955\u201356 Philadelphia Warriors season\nThe 1955\u201356 Philadelphia Warriors season George Senesky took over for Eddie Gottlieb as coach, the Warriors had a strong start by winning 12 of their first 16 games. Paul Arizin and Neil Johnston were among the league's scoring leaders as the Warriors won the Eastern Division with a 45\u201327 record. The addition of rookie Tom Gola made the difference. In his first season Gola averaged 9.1 rebounds and 5.9 assists per game. In the Eastern Division Finals the Warriors beat the Syracuse Nationals in 5 games. In the NBA Finals, the Warriors won their 2nd Championship by beating the Fort Wayne Pistons 4 games to 1.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [36, 36], "content_span": [37, 651]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073450-0000-0000", "contents": "1955\u201356 Polska Liga Hokejowa season\nThe 1955\u201356 Polska Liga Hokejowa season was the 21st season of the Polska Liga Hokejowa, the top level of ice hockey in Poland. Eight teams participated in the league, and Legia Warszawa won the championship.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [35, 35], "content_span": [36, 244]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073450-0001-0000", "contents": "1955\u201356 Polska Liga Hokejowa season, Regular season\nThe league's top scorer was Hilary Skar\u017cy\u0144ski of Gornik Katowice with 28 goals.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 51], "content_span": [52, 131]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073451-0000-0000", "contents": "1955\u201356 Port Vale F.C. season\nThe 1955\u201356 season was Port Vale's 44th season of football in the English Football League, and their second successive season (thirty-first overall) in the Second Division. Gaining ten points on their previous season's total, the club progressed well, achieving their best finish since 1933\u201334. Finishing one place above rivals Stoke City, it was the first time they outperformed Stoke since 1930\u201331. Part of the promotion-chasing pack at the season's end, they tailed off with four points from six games as Leeds United finished strongly to end up second. Vale's season was built on the defensive strength of the legendary 1953\u201354 season, along with record-signing England international Eddie Baily.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [29, 29], "content_span": [30, 730]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073451-0001-0000", "contents": "1955\u201356 Port Vale F.C. season, Overview, Second Division\nThe pre-season saw Stan Turner and Ken Griffiths undergo operations, keeping them out of action for the start of the campaign.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 56], "content_span": [57, 183]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073451-0002-0000", "contents": "1955\u201356 Port Vale F.C. season, Overview, Second Division\nThe season began with just one loss in the opening eleven games, including victories at Upton Park and Craven Cottage, and a 1\u20130 home win over rivals Stoke City in front of a crowd of 37,261. Nevertheless, injuries began to affect the first eleven, leaving room for reserves like Derek Mountford, Stan Smith, and Tom Conway to make an impression. The 'Steele Curtain' defence was still in operation, picking up five clean sheets in these eleven games.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 56], "content_span": [57, 508]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073451-0002-0001", "contents": "1955\u201356 Port Vale F.C. season, Overview, Second Division\nJournalist Bernard Jones compared 'the Vale Plan' to the Brazilian method of defence, defending the penalty area at all costs as that was from where 95% of all goals were scored. However manager Freddie Steele responded by claiming there was no such plan, and that the main objective was simply 'to beat the opposition'. On 22 October, Sheffield Wednesday went away from Vale Park with a 1\u20130 win, this was followed with a 4\u20131 defeat at Filbert Street.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 56], "content_span": [57, 508]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073451-0002-0002", "contents": "1955\u201356 Port Vale F.C. season, Overview, Second Division\nSteele began to initiate a modern pre-match ritual of having the players warm up in their tracksuits fifteen minutes before kick-off, though on 12 November this did them no favours at Ewood Park, as Blackburn Rovers romped to a 7\u20131 victory. Steele made eight changes following the defeat, which made little difference as Vale extended their run without a win to nine games. This left them in fifteenth place by mid-December, with a host of players out with injuries.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 56], "content_span": [57, 523]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073451-0003-0000", "contents": "1955\u201356 Port Vale F.C. season, Overview, Second Division\nCyril Done's return to match fitness was marked with a 2\u20131 win at the Memorial Stadium, beginning a sequence of one defeat in ten games. This left them in seventh place by February, in with a shot of promotion. In January, Eddie Baily was signed from Tottenham Hotspur for a club-record \u00a37,000. Signing an inside-forward who was part of England's 1950 FIFA World Cup squad was a sign of the club's ambitions for top-flight football. Outclassed by Wednesday on 3 March, they lost 4\u20130 at Hillsborough, but followed this with wins over Blackburn Rovers and Bristol City.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 56], "content_span": [57, 624]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073451-0003-0001", "contents": "1955\u201356 Port Vale F.C. season, Overview, Second Division\nOn 31 March they came to a 'hard-fought' 1\u20131 draw at Stoke's Victoria Ground, which left the \"Valiants\" in fifth place, level on points with second-placed Liverpool. In with a great chance of promotion by April, defeats at home to Nottingham Forest and Leicester City, and a 4\u20131 beating at Anfield ruined their chances. Harry Poole made his debut on the last day of the season, as Vale recorded a 3\u20132 win over Middlesbrough.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 56], "content_span": [57, 481]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073451-0004-0000", "contents": "1955\u201356 Port Vale F.C. season, Overview, Second Division\nThey finished in twelfth position with 45 points, one point and one position above rivals Stoke. The Steele Curtain boasted the best defensive record in the division, though only the bottom five scored fewer goals.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 56], "content_span": [57, 271]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073451-0005-0000", "contents": "1955\u201356 Port Vale F.C. season, Overview, Finances\nOn the financial side, a loss was made of \u00a34,974, blamed upon a 'crippling burden' of \u00a312,422 in entertainment tax. Home attendances were down by around 2,000 a game to 18,985, leaving gate receipts at \u00a360,784. Steele retained thirty professionals, releasing Albert Mullard and Ray Hancock (Northwich Victoria), and Tom Conway (Leek Town).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 49], "content_span": [50, 389]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073451-0006-0000", "contents": "1955\u201356 Port Vale F.C. season, Overview, Cup competitions\nIn the FA Cup, Vale narrowly defeated Third Division South Walsall 1\u20130 at Fellows Park to win a Fourth Round tie with First Division Everton. A crowd of 44,278 saw 'a match that had everything', as the \"Toffees\" escaped with a 3\u20132 victory, Vale having had two goals disallowed.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 57], "content_span": [58, 335]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073452-0000-0000", "contents": "1955\u201356 Primeira Divis\u00e3o, Overview\nIt was contested by 14 teams, and F.C. Porto won the championship.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 34], "content_span": [35, 101]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073453-0000-0000", "contents": "1955\u201356 Purdue Boilermakers men's golf team\nThe 1955\u201356 Purdue Boilermakers men's golf team represented Purdue University. The head coach was Sam Voinoff, then in his seventh season with the Boilermakers. The team was a member of the Big Ten Conference. They won the Big Ten Conference championship and finished in a tie for second at the NCAA championships with North Texas. The co-captains of the team were Ed McCallum and Wayne Etherton.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 43], "section_span": [43, 43], "content_span": [44, 440]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073454-0000-0000", "contents": "1955\u201356 Rangers F.C. season\nThe 1955\u201356 season was the 76th season of competitive football by Rangers.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [27, 27], "content_span": [28, 102]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073454-0001-0000", "contents": "1955\u201356 Rangers F.C. season, Overview\nRangers played a total of 46 competitive matches during the 1955\u201356 season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 37], "content_span": [38, 113]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073455-0000-0000", "contents": "1955\u201356 Ranji Trophy\nThe 1955\u201356 Ranji Trophy was the 22nd season of the Ranji Trophy. Bombay won the title defeating Bengal in the final.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [20, 20], "content_span": [21, 138]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073455-0001-0000", "contents": "1955\u201356 Ranji Trophy, Zonal Matches, North Zone\n(T) - Advanced to next round by spin of coin.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [22, 47], "content_span": [48, 93]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073456-0000-0000", "contents": "1955\u201356 Real Madrid CF season\nThe 1955\u201356 season was Real Madrid Club de F\u00fatbol's 53rd season in existence and the club's 25th consecutive season in the top flight of Spanish football.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [29, 29], "content_span": [30, 184]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073456-0001-0000", "contents": "1955\u201356 Real Madrid CF season, Summary\nThe season is best remembered thanks to the first European Cup clinched ever defeating Raymond Kopa and Just Fontaine's Stade de Reims in an exciting Final with a 4\u20133 score.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 38], "content_span": [39, 212]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073456-0002-0000", "contents": "1955\u201356 Real Madrid CF season, Summary\nThe team could reach the semi-finals of Copa del General\u00edsimo and finished third in League 10 points behind champion Athletic Bilbao a record 81 goals scored.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 38], "content_span": [39, 197]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073456-0003-0000", "contents": "1955\u201356 Real Madrid CF season, Squad\nNote: Flags indicate national team as defined under FIFA eligibility rules. Players may hold more than one non-FIFA nationality.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 36], "content_span": [37, 165]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073457-0000-0000", "contents": "1955\u201356 Rheinlandliga\nThe 1955\u201356 Rheinlandliga was the fourth season of the highest amateur class of the Rhineland Football Association under the name of 1. Amateurliga Rheinland. It was a predecessor of today's Rheinlandliga.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [21, 21], "content_span": [22, 227]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073457-0001-0000", "contents": "1955\u201356 Rheinlandliga\nThe 1. Amateurliga was below II. Division Southwest until 1963 and therefore the third-class in the hierarchy. In the seasons 1956\u201357 to 1962\u201363 the league was played in two divisions (East and West). The two division champions played to determine the Rhineland champion. With the introduction of the regional league Southwest as second highest class, starting in the 1963\u201364 season, the Amateur league Rheinland was again combined into one division.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [21, 21], "content_span": [22, 472]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073457-0001-0001", "contents": "1955\u201356 Rheinlandliga\nBeginning in the 1974\u201375 season, the league played a role as a sub-team to the newly introduced 2. Bundesliga, where the Rhineland champion played in a relegation against the champion of the Verbandsliga S\u00fcdwest and the Saarlandliga, for a position in the south divisions of the 2. Bundesliga. Starting from the 1978\u201379 season, the Oberliga Rheinland-Pfalz/Saar was introduced as the highest amateur class and this class was renamed to the \"Verbandsliga Rheinland\" and since then only fourth class.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [21, 21], "content_span": [22, 520]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073457-0002-0000", "contents": "1955\u201356 Rheinlandliga, Results\nRhineland champion was SV Niederlahnstein, who rose through a second-place finish in the relegation round to the II. Division Southwest. As a Rhineland representative, Niederlahnstein also participated in the German football amateur championship 1956 and lost in the elimination game against Berlin's representative BFC S\u00fcdring with 1\u20132. Sportfreunde Daaden and TuS Konz had to move down to the 2. Amateur League after this season. For the following season 1956\u201357, which was played with two divisions, FC Bitburg, Fortuna Kottenheim, Fortuna Saarburg, Germania Metternich, SC Moselweiss, SC Eitelborn, SG Betzdorf, Sportfreunde Herdorf, SV Trier-West, TuS Diez, and TuS Mayen moved up from the 2. Amateur League.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [23, 30], "content_span": [31, 744]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073458-0000-0000", "contents": "1955\u201356 Rochdale A.F.C. season\nThe 1955\u201356 season saw Rochdale compete for their 28th season in the Football League Third Division North.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [30, 30], "content_span": [31, 137]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073459-0000-0000", "contents": "1955\u201356 Rochester Royals season\nThe 1955\u201356 NBA season was the Royals eighth season in the NBA.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [31, 31], "content_span": [32, 95]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073460-0000-0000", "contents": "1955\u201356 Romanian Hockey League season\nThe 1955\u201356 Romanian Hockey League season was the 26th season of the Romanian Hockey League. Four teams participated in the league, and CCA Bucuresti won the championship.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [37, 37], "content_span": [38, 209]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073461-0000-0000", "contents": "1955\u201356 Rugby Union County Championship\nThe 1955\u201356 Rugby Union County Championship was the 56th edition of England's premier rugby union club competition at the time.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [39, 39], "content_span": [40, 167]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073461-0001-0000", "contents": "1955\u201356 Rugby Union County Championship\nMiddlesex won the competition for the fourth time after defeating Devon in the final.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [39, 39], "content_span": [40, 125]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073462-0000-0000", "contents": "1955\u201356 SK Rapid Wien season\nThe 1955\u201356 SK Rapid Wien season was the 58th season in club history.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [28, 28], "content_span": [29, 98]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073463-0000-0000", "contents": "1955\u201356 SM-sarja season\nThe 1955\u201356 SM-sarja season was the 25th season of the SM-sarja, the top level of ice hockey in Finland. 10 teams participated in the league, and TPS Turku won the championship.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [23, 23], "content_span": [24, 201]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073464-0000-0000", "contents": "1955\u201356 San Francisco Dons men's basketball team\nThe 1955\u201356 San Francisco Dons men's basketball team represented the University of San Francisco as a member of the California Basketball Association during the 1955\u201356 NCAA men's basketball season. The Dons ended the season undefeated, becoming the first NCAA tournament champion to record a perfect season and the first team to go wire-to-wire as No. 1 in the AP and UP polls. San Francisco finished the season with a 29\u20130 record (14\u20130 CBA) and had won 55 consecutive games.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 48], "section_span": [48, 48], "content_span": [49, 525]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073464-0001-0000", "contents": "1955\u201356 San Francisco Dons men's basketball team, Season summary\nSan Francisco won two straight NCAA titles behind a punishing defense led by Bill Russell, who turned shot blocking into an art form. He was also better scorer than history gives him credit for, averaging more than 20 points in both championship seasons. In 1956, Russell had support from guard K.C. Jones and a balanced lineup; besides Russell, five other players averaged between 7.1 and 9.8 points per game.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 48], "section_span": [50, 64], "content_span": [65, 475]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073465-0000-0000", "contents": "1955\u201356 Scottish Cup\nThe 1955\u201356 Scottish Cup was the 71st staging of Scotland's most prestigious football knockout competition. The Cup was won by Heart of Midlothian who defeated Celtic in the final. The final was a repeat of the 1907 final and was Hearts' first appearance in the final since that date.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [20, 20], "content_span": [21, 305]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073466-0000-0000", "contents": "1955\u201356 Scottish Division One\nThe 1955\u201356 Scottish Division One was won by Rangers by six points over nearest rival Aberdeen. Clyde and Stirling Albion finished 17th and 18th respectively and were relegated to the 1956\u201357 Scottish Division Two.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [29, 29], "content_span": [30, 244]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073466-0001-0000", "contents": "1955\u201356 Scottish Division One, League reconstruction\nFollowing league reconstruction, League Division One (known until then as Division A) was expanded from 16 to 18 teams this season with Airdrieonians and Dunfermline Athletic being promoted from the previous season with all Division A teams staying up.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 52], "content_span": [53, 305]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073467-0000-0000", "contents": "1955\u201356 Scottish Division Two\nThe 1955\u201356 Scottish Division Two was won by Queen's Park who, along with second placed Ayr United, were promoted to Division One. Montrose finished bottom.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [29, 29], "content_span": [30, 186]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073467-0001-0000", "contents": "1955\u201356 Scottish Division Two\nIn the summer of 1955, the Scottish League expanded from 32 clubs to 37 clubs. The five new teams from the Scottish Division C were: Berwick Rangers, Dumbarton, East Stirlingshire, Montrose and Stranraer (Division C was disbanded, with most of its members, which were reserve teams, moving to a separate Scottish (Reserve) League).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [29, 29], "content_span": [30, 361]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073469-0000-0000", "contents": "1955\u201356 Scottish Inter-District Championship\nThe 1955\u201356 Scottish Inter-District Championship was a  rugby union competition for Scotland's district teams.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [44, 44], "content_span": [45, 155]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073469-0001-0000", "contents": "1955\u201356 Scottish Inter-District Championship\nGlasgow District won the competition with two wins and a draw.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [44, 44], "content_span": [45, 107]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073470-0000-0000", "contents": "1955\u201356 Scottish League Cup\nThe 1955\u201356 Scottish League Cup was the tenth season of Scotland's second football knockout competition. The competition was won Aberdeen, who defeated St Mirren in the Final.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [27, 27], "content_span": [28, 203]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073471-0000-0000", "contents": "1955\u201356 Segunda Divisi\u00f3n\nThe 1955\u201356 Segunda Divisi\u00f3n season was the 25th since its establishment and was played between 10 September 1955 and 22 April 1956.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [24, 24], "content_span": [25, 157]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073471-0001-0000", "contents": "1955\u201356 Segunda Divisi\u00f3n, Overview before the season\n32 teams joined the league, including two relegated from the 1954\u201355 La Liga and 4 promoted from the 1954\u201355 Tercera Divisi\u00f3n.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 52], "content_span": [53, 179]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073473-0000-0000", "contents": "1955\u201356 Serie B\nThe Serie B 1955\u201356 was the twenty-fourth tournament of this competition played in Italy since its creation.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 15], "section_span": [15, 15], "content_span": [16, 124]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073473-0001-0000", "contents": "1955\u201356 Serie B, Teams\nBari and Livorno had been promoted from Serie C, while Udinese and Catania had been relegated from Serie A.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 15], "section_span": [17, 22], "content_span": [23, 130]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073474-0000-0000", "contents": "1955\u201356 Serie C\nThe 1955\u201356 Serie C was the eighteenth edition of Serie C, the third highest league in the Italian football league system.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 15], "section_span": [15, 15], "content_span": [16, 138]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073475-0000-0000", "contents": "1955\u201356 Sheffield Shield season\nThe 1955\u201356 Sheffield Shield season was the 54th season of the Sheffield Shield, the domestic first-class cricket competition of Australia. New South Wales won the championship for the third consecutive year.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [31, 31], "content_span": [32, 240]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073476-0000-0000", "contents": "1955\u201356 Southern Football League\nThe 1955\u201356 Southern Football League season was the 53rd in the history of the league, an English football competition.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [32, 32], "content_span": [33, 152]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073476-0001-0000", "contents": "1955\u201356 Southern Football League\nNo new clubs had joined the league for this season so the league consisted of 22 clubs from previous season. Guildford City were champions, winning their first Southern League title. Seven Southern League clubs applied to join the Football League at the end of the season, but none were successful.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [32, 32], "content_span": [33, 331]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073476-0002-0000", "contents": "1955\u201356 Southern Football League, Football League elections\nSeven Southern League clubs applied for election to the Football League. However, none were successful as all four League clubs were re-elected.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 59], "content_span": [60, 204]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073477-0000-0000", "contents": "1955\u201356 Soviet Cup (ice hockey)\nThe 1955\u201356 Soviet Cup was the sixth edition of the Soviet Cup ice hockey tournament. 46 teams participated in the tournament, which was won by CSK MO Moscow for the third consecutive season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [31, 31], "content_span": [32, 223]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073478-0000-0000", "contents": "1955\u201356 Soviet League season\nThe 1955\u201356 Soviet Championship League season was the 10th season of the Soviet Championship League, the top level of ice hockey in the Soviet Union. Fifteen teams participated in the league, and CSK MO Moscow won the championship.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [28, 28], "content_span": [29, 260]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073479-0000-0000", "contents": "1955\u201356 Spartan League\nThe 1955\u201356 Spartan League season was the 38th in the history of Spartan League. The league consisted of 15 teams.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [22, 22], "content_span": [23, 137]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073479-0001-0000", "contents": "1955\u201356 Spartan League, League table\nThe division featured 15 teams, 14 from last season and 1 new team:", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [24, 36], "content_span": [37, 104]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073480-0000-0000", "contents": "1955\u201356 St. Francis Terriers men's basketball team\nThe 1955\u20131956 St. Francis Terriers men's basketball team represented St. Francis College during the 1955\u201356 NCAA men's basketball season. The team was coached by Daniel Lynch, who was in his eighth year at the helm of the St. Francis Terriers. The team was a member of the Metropolitan New York Conference  and played their home games at the II Corps Artillery Armory in Park Slope, Brooklyn.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 50], "section_span": [50, 50], "content_span": [51, 443]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073480-0001-0000", "contents": "1955\u201356 St. Francis Terriers men's basketball team\nThe Terriers were led by Al Innis, Dan Mannix, Walt Adamushko, and Tony D'Elia in the 1955\u201356 season and were ranked as high as 13th nationally. The team at one point won 18 straight games and upset Niagara to reach the NIT Semi-Finals, before falling to Dayton. Also of note, Al Inniss set the St. Francis single-game rebounding record with 37 against Lafayette in the First Round of the National Invitational Tournament.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 50], "section_span": [50, 50], "content_span": [51, 473]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073480-0002-0000", "contents": "1955\u201356 St. Francis Terriers men's basketball team, 1956 National Invitation Tournament\nBelow is the 1956 National Invitation Tournament bracket. Only four of the twelve participating schools were seeded (Dayton-1, Louisville-2, Saint Joseph's-3, Niagara-4) and they received a bye in the first round. St. Francis was the only team to participate in the semifinals that was not seeded.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 50], "section_span": [52, 87], "content_span": [88, 385]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073480-0003-0000", "contents": "1955\u201356 St. Francis Terriers men's basketball team, NBA Draft\nAt the end of the season Dan Mannix was selected with the 63rd overall pick by the Rochester Royals.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 50], "section_span": [52, 61], "content_span": [62, 162]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073481-0000-0000", "contents": "1955\u201356 St. Louis Hawks season\nThe 1955\u201356 St. Louis Hawks season was the 10th season for the franchise. After 4 last-place seasons in Milwaukee, the Hawks relocated to St. Louis. The city had once been home to the St. Louis Bombers, an early BAA franchise that folded in 1950. The Hawks were on the verge of becoming one of the top teams in the NBA, led by second year forward Bob Pettit, who would earn the very first MVP award in NBA history. The Hawks would finish in third place with a 33\u201339 record.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [30, 30], "content_span": [31, 504]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073481-0001-0000", "contents": "1955\u201356 St. Louis Hawks season\nIn the playoffs against the Minneapolis Lakers, the Hawks were triumphant in Game 1 by a single point. Game 2 was played in Minneapolis, and the Hawks were blown out by 58 points in Game 2. The third game was contested in St. Louis. Once again, the Hawks would win by 1 point to advance to the Western Finals. In the three games, the Hawks were outscored by 56 points. In the Western Finals, the Hawks would win the first 2 games against the Fort Wayne Pistons. However, the Pistons would rebound to take the next 3 games and win the series.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [30, 30], "content_span": [31, 572]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073482-0000-0000", "contents": "1955\u201356 Stoke City F.C. season\nThe 1955\u201356 season was Stoke City's 49th season in the Football League and the 16th in the Second Division.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [30, 30], "content_span": [31, 138]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073482-0001-0000", "contents": "1955\u201356 Stoke City F.C. season\nIt was a season of what might have been for Stoke as they often looked capable of challenging for promotion but then played badly the next match. In the end Stoke had to settle for a final position of 13th after picking up a modest 44 points in what was a frustrating season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [30, 30], "content_span": [31, 306]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073482-0002-0000", "contents": "1955\u201356 Stoke City F.C. season, Season review, League\nManager Frank Taylor now backed by his namesake Mr G. Taylor made only minor adjustments to his squad for the start of the 1955\u201356 season. However, after a decent start to the season with Stoke looking capable of challenging for promotion the Stoke board showed their ambition. In November Stoke made an ambitious approach for Blackpool legend Stan Mortensen and it seemed that Stoke had signed a forward with some reasonable credentials, however much to the disappointment of the board Mortensen instead joined Hull City. So Stoke instead went and paid \u00a311,000 to Lincoln City for their prolific forward Andy Graver. However, despite the new arrival being met by approval by the fans Graver would have an unsuccessful spell at the Victoria Ground.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 53], "content_span": [54, 802]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073482-0003-0000", "contents": "1955\u201356 Stoke City F.C. season, Season review, League\nIt was a season of what might have been as Stoke failed to impress after their good start, and slid down the table finally ending up in a rather poor position of 13th. They were often found wanting and their home form was very poor, a 3\u20132 win against Liverpool was the best of the season in what was a 'thrilling' contest.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 53], "content_span": [54, 376]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073482-0004-0000", "contents": "1955\u201356 Stoke City F.C. season, Season review, FA Cup\nStoke beat Exeter City (3\u20130) and Leicester City (2\u20131) both in replays before losing 2\u20131 at Newcastle United in the fifth round.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 53], "content_span": [54, 181]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073483-0000-0000", "contents": "1955\u201356 Sussex County Football League\nThe 1955\u201356 Sussex County Football League season was the 31st in the history of the competition.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [37, 37], "content_span": [38, 134]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073483-0001-0000", "contents": "1955\u201356 Sussex County Football League\nDivision 1 still remained at seventeen teams with Three Bridges United being promoted from Division 2. Division 2 now featured fourteen teams from which the winners would be promoted into Division 1.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [37, 37], "content_span": [38, 237]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073483-0002-0000", "contents": "1955\u201356 Sussex County Football League, Division One\nThe division featured 17 clubs, 16 which competed in the last season, along with one new club:", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [39, 51], "content_span": [52, 146]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073483-0003-0000", "contents": "1955\u201356 Sussex County Football League, Division Two\nThe division featured 14 clubs, 10 which competed in the last season, along with four new clubs:", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [39, 51], "content_span": [52, 148]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073484-0000-0000", "contents": "1955\u201356 Swedish Division I season\nThe 1955\u201356 Swedish Division I season was the twelfth season of Swedish Division I. Sodertalje SK won the league title by finishing first in the final round.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [33, 33], "content_span": [34, 191]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073485-0000-0000", "contents": "1955\u201356 Swedish football Division 2\nStatistics of Swedish football Division 2 for the 1955\u201356 season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [35, 35], "content_span": [36, 101]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073486-0000-0000", "contents": "1955\u201356 Swedish football Division 3\nStatistics of Swedish football Division 3 for the 1955\u201356 season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [35, 35], "content_span": [36, 101]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073487-0000-0000", "contents": "1955\u201356 Syracuse Nationals season\nThe 1955\u201356 NBA season was the Nationals' 7th season in the NBA.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [33, 33], "content_span": [34, 98]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073488-0000-0000", "contents": "1955\u201356 Tercera Divisi\u00f3n\nThe 1955\u201356 Tercera Divisi\u00f3n season was the 20th since its establishment.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [24, 24], "content_span": [25, 98]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073489-0000-0000", "contents": "1955\u201356 Texas Tech Red Raiders basketball team\nThe 1955\u201356 Texas Tech Red Raiders men's basketball team represented Texas Tech University in the Border Intercollegiate Athletic Association during the 1955\u201356 NCAA men's basketball season. This was Texas Tech's last year in the Border Conference before becoming members of the Southwest Conference. The head coach was Polk Robison, his 9th year with the team.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 46], "section_span": [46, 46], "content_span": [47, 408]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073490-0000-0000", "contents": "1955\u201356 Toronto Maple Leafs season\nThe 1955\u201356 Toronto Maple Leafs season was Toronto's 39th season in the National Hockey League (NHL).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [34, 34], "content_span": [35, 136]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073491-0000-0000", "contents": "1955\u201356 Tunisian National Championship\nThe 1955\u201356 Tunisian National Championship was the 30th season of top-tier football in Tunisia. It saw CS Hammam-Lif crowned as champions while Patriote de Sousse was relegated to Ligue 2.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [38, 38], "content_span": [39, 227]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073492-0000-0000", "contents": "1955\u201356 UCLA Bruins men's basketball team\nThe 1955\u201356 UCLA Bruins men's basketball team represented the University of California, Los Angeles during the 1955\u201356 NCAA men's basketball season and were members of the Pacific Coast Conference. The Bruins were led by eight year head coach John Wooden. They finished the regular season with a record of 22\u20136 and won the PCC regular season championship with a record of 16\u20130. UCLA lost to the San Francisco Dons in the NCAA regional semifinals and defeated the Seattle Chieftains in the regional consolation game. The victory over Seattle was UCLA's first victory in the NCAA tournament.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 41], "section_span": [41, 41], "content_span": [42, 631]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073492-0001-0000", "contents": "1955\u201356 UCLA Bruins men's basketball team, Previous season\nThe Bruins finished the regular season with a record of 21\u20135 and won the PCC Southern Division with a record of 11\u20131. UCLA lost to Oregon State in the PCC conference play-offs.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 41], "section_span": [43, 58], "content_span": [59, 235]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073493-0000-0000", "contents": "1955\u201356 USM Alger season\nIn the 1955\u201356 season, USM Alger competed in the Second Division for the 19th season French colonial era, as well as the Forconi Cup. They competed in Second Division, and the Forconi Cup.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [24, 24], "content_span": [25, 213]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073494-0000-0000", "contents": "1955\u201356 United States network television schedule\nThe following is the 1955\u201356 network television schedule for the four major English language commercial broadcast networks in the United States. The schedule covers primetime hours from September 1955 through March 1956. The schedule is followed by a list per network of returning series, new series, and series cancelled after the 1954\u201355 season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 49], "section_span": [49, 49], "content_span": [50, 397]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073494-0001-0000", "contents": "1955\u201356 United States network television schedule\nThe $64,000 Question had debuted on CBS during summer 1955 and became the #1 program on U.S. television. The three networks \"rushed to copy this latest hit format, quickly filling prime time with similar contests\". (It would not be until fall 1958 that it would be confirmed that several of these new quiz shows were rigged.)", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 49], "section_span": [49, 49], "content_span": [50, 375]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073494-0002-0000", "contents": "1955\u201356 United States network television schedule\nFor years, ABC had \"struggled to cobble together a TV schedule\", but following the network's major success with Disney-produced series Disneyland in 1954, other Hollywood film companies began embracing television. MGM assembled clips for MGM Parade on ABC; ABC also hired Warner Bros. for a Tuesday night program called Warner Brothers Presents. The hour-long umbrella series featured TV adaptations of three Warner Brothers movies: Cheyenne, Casablanca, and Kings Row. Of the three new series, only Cheyenne was a hit with viewers, and ABC began contracting with other Hollywood studios for Westerns. Immediately following Warner Brothers Presents, ABC scheduled The Life and Legend of Wyatt Earp. This Western was also produced in conjunction with a Hollywood studio: Desilu Productions.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 49], "section_span": [49, 49], "content_span": [50, 839]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073494-0003-0000", "contents": "1955\u201356 United States network television schedule\nCBS had its own Western hit with Gunsmoke, which also debuted in fall 1955. Over the next few years, \"the rush to Westerns had become a virtual stampede so that, by the fall of 1959, viewers had their choice from a staggering twenty-eight different Western-based prime time series.\" Around 1955, live drama anthologies, the staple of early television programming, were being phased out by the networks in favor of filmed fare: Westerns, police dramas, quiz shows, and adventure series.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 49], "section_span": [49, 49], "content_span": [50, 535]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073494-0004-0000", "contents": "1955\u201356 United States network television schedule\nThe struggling DuMont Television Network offered little during the 1955\u201356 television season. DuMont's final program line-up consisted of What's the Story on Wednesday nights at 9:30 and Boxing From St. Nicholas Arena on Monday nights at 9:00. By September 23, What's the Story was off the air. DuMont honored its few remaining network commitments until August 6, 1956, when it ceased operations as a major television network. DuMont hoped to go into independent television production; the company's studio facilities and Electronicam system were used to produce CBS's The Honeymooners during the 1955\u201356 season. DuMont's loss was ABC's gain, as some of DuMont's most popular programs, including Life Is Worth Living, Chance of a Lifetime, Life Begins at Eighty, and Down You Go, found their way onto ABC's 1955\u201356 prime time schedule.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 49], "section_span": [49, 49], "content_span": [50, 885]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073494-0005-0000", "contents": "1955\u201356 United States network television schedule\nThe crumbling and eventual death of the old DuMont Network meant the 1955\u201356 television season would be the first year in which the three major remaining U.S. television networks would be the only full-time commercial participants in prime time, a situation that was to remain for the next 31 years, until Fox entered prime time on Sunday, April 5, 1987.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 49], "section_span": [49, 49], "content_span": [50, 404]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073494-0006-0000", "contents": "1955\u201356 United States network television schedule\nThis was the first season that CBS and NBC aired some of their prime-time programs in color.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 49], "section_span": [49, 49], "content_span": [50, 142]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073494-0007-0000", "contents": "1955\u201356 United States network television schedule\nAll times are U.S. Eastern and Pacific time (except for some live sports or events). Subtract one hour for Central and Mountain times.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 49], "section_span": [49, 49], "content_span": [50, 184]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073494-0008-0000", "contents": "1955\u201356 United States network television schedule\nEach of the 30 highest-rated shows is listed with its rank and rating as determined by Nielsen Media Research.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 49], "section_span": [49, 49], "content_span": [50, 160]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073494-0009-0000", "contents": "1955\u201356 United States network television schedule, Sunday\n* The Ed Sullivan Show was formerly Toast of the Town. * * formerly The Colgate Comedy Hour.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 49], "section_span": [51, 57], "content_span": [58, 150]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073494-0010-0000", "contents": "1955\u201356 United States network television schedule, Monday\nNote: On NBC, Producers' Showcase aired as a monthly series 8\u20139:30\u00a0p.m. No longer a network operation, DuMont continued airing its Boxing From St. Nicholas Arena on an occasional basis over individual stations until August 6, 1956. On CBS, in most areas, Douglas Edwards With the News aired at 6:45\u00a0p.m., while some cities (including New York) aired the 7:15\u00a0p.m. edition.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 49], "section_span": [51, 57], "content_span": [58, 430]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073494-0011-0000", "contents": "1955\u201356 United States network television schedule, Tuesday\nNotes: The Martha Raye Show and The Chevy Show appeared monthly. As of November 1, You'll Never Get Rich officially became The Phil Silvers Show, swapping time periods with Navy Log.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 49], "section_span": [51, 58], "content_span": [59, 241]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073494-0012-0000", "contents": "1955\u201356 United States network television schedule, Tuesday\nOn NBC, Dear Phoebe consisted entirely of reruns of the series from the 1954\u20131955 season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 49], "section_span": [51, 58], "content_span": [59, 148]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073494-0013-0000", "contents": "1955\u201356 United States network television schedule, Wednesday\n** What's the Story aired only until September 23, before being cancelled.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 49], "section_span": [51, 60], "content_span": [61, 135]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073494-0014-0000", "contents": "1955\u201356 United States network television schedule, Friday\nNote: On NBC, The Best in Mystery consisted entirely of reruns of episodes of Four Star Playhouse seen previously on CBS.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 49], "section_span": [51, 57], "content_span": [58, 179]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073494-0015-0000", "contents": "1955\u201356 United States network television schedule, By network, NBC\nNote: The * indicates that the program was introduced in midseason.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 49], "section_span": [51, 66], "content_span": [67, 134]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073495-0000-0000", "contents": "1955\u201356 United States network television schedule (daytime)\nThe 1955\u201356 daytime network television schedule for the three major English-language commercial broadcast networks in the United States covers the weekday daytime hours from September 1955 to August 1956.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 59], "section_span": [59, 59], "content_span": [60, 264]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073495-0001-0000", "contents": "1955\u201356 United States network television schedule (daytime)\nTalk shows are highlighted in yellow, local programming is white, reruns of prime-time programming are orange, game shows are pink, soap operas are chartreuse, news programs are gold and all others are light blue. New series are highlighted in bold.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 59], "section_span": [59, 59], "content_span": [60, 309]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073496-0000-0000", "contents": "1955\u201356 United States network television schedule (late night)\nThese are the late night Monday-Friday schedules on all three networks for each calendar season beginning September 1955. All times are Eastern and Pacific.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 62], "section_span": [62, 62], "content_span": [63, 219]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073496-0001-0000", "contents": "1955\u201356 United States network television schedule (late night)\nTalk shows are highlighted in yellow, local programming is white.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 62], "section_span": [62, 62], "content_span": [63, 128]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073497-0000-0000", "contents": "1955\u201356 WHL season\nThe 1955\u201356 WHL season was the fourth season of the Western Hockey League. The Winnipeg Warriors were the President's Cup champions as they beat the Vancouver Canucks in six games in the final series.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 18], "section_span": [18, 18], "content_span": [19, 219]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073497-0001-0000", "contents": "1955\u201356 WHL season, Playoffs\nThe Winnipeg Warriors win the President's Cup 4 games to 2.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 18], "section_span": [20, 28], "content_span": [29, 88]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073498-0000-0000", "contents": "1955\u201356 WIHL season\n1955\u201356 was the tenth season of the Western International Hockey League.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [19, 19], "content_span": [20, 92]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073498-0001-0000", "contents": "1955\u201356 WIHL season, Season recap\nSpokane's Flyers, under the capable eye of coach Roy McBride, won the Dinah Shore-George Montgomery Trophy, emblematic of hockey supremacy of the WIHL, in 1955-56.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [21, 33], "content_span": [34, 197]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073498-0002-0000", "contents": "1955\u201356 WIHL season, Season recap\nThe Flyers enjoyed a good season and were in complete control of the league from the start of the hockey campaign, finished six points in front of the second place Nelson Maple Leafs. The WIHL returned to a balanced schedule, with each club playing 50 games, including interlocking games with the strong Okanagan Senior Hockey League.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [21, 33], "content_span": [34, 368]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073498-0003-0000", "contents": "1955\u201356 WIHL season, Season recap\nThe Flyers had many bright spots on their roster in 1955-56, with the brightest light the play of their sensational young rookie, Art \"the dart\" Jones. He not only won the rookie award by a wide margin, but also paced the league in the goal department with 44 goals, five more than his teammate Lorne Nadeau. Jack Lancien, Spokane's star defenceman, was unanimously chosen the winner of the Paul Kozak Memorial Trophy, as the league's best rearguard.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [21, 33], "content_span": [34, 484]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073498-0003-0001", "contents": "1955\u201356 WIHL season, Season recap\nLancien, a 33-year-old former pro, was a tower of strength on the Flyers blueline, and proved one point, that a defenceman doesn't have to be crude to win the respect of fans and players. He was a real leader, picking up only 13 minutes in penalties, and gathered 39 points, made up of seven goals and 32 assists.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [21, 33], "content_span": [34, 347]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073498-0004-0000", "contents": "1955\u201356 WIHL season, Season recap\nCoach Roy McBride received a big break, when the Kamloops Elks, and coach Kevin \"Crusher\" Conway, released goalie Johnny Sofiak. John Panagrot, Flyers regular netminder, up and quit the club, and the Flyers were quick in signing Sofiak. Panagrot played real well in the 24 games he played, earning two shutouts. Sofiak performed in the remaining 26 Flyer contests, picking up one shutout. Earl Betker, who had the league's best goal average, despite the fact the Dynamiters finished deep in the cellar, registered the league's only other shutout.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [21, 33], "content_span": [34, 580]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073498-0005-0000", "contents": "1955\u201356 WIHL season, Season recap\nThe Flyers not only dominated the league with a record of 30 wins, against 20 defeats\u2014but had the best road record of eleven victories, and only lost six games at home in the (Spokane) Coliseum. Trail's Smoke Eaters won three games in Spokane, while the Kimberley Dynamiters failed to win a single game in the Coliseum, out of seven meetings.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [21, 33], "content_span": [34, 376]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073498-0006-0000", "contents": "1955\u201356 WIHL season, Season recap\nThe Flyers locked horns with the Kimberley Dynamiters in one set of the WIHL semi-finals, and had easy pickings, winning four games to one. Trail's Smoke Eaters pulled off the biggest upset of the season by eliminating the second place Nelson Maple Leafs in five games. Spokane won the right to represent the WIHL in the Savage Cup playdowns, by beating the Smoke Eaters in the final.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [21, 33], "content_span": [34, 418]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073498-0007-0000", "contents": "1955\u201356 WIHL season, Season recap\nThe Vernon Canadians, who had an easy time in capturing the Okanagan League title, defeated the Flyers for the British Columbia championship and went all the way, and won the Allan Cup.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [21, 33], "content_span": [34, 219]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073498-0008-0000", "contents": "1955\u201356 WIHL season, Season recap\nHal Gordon was a standout in the Canadians' net, and had a powerhouse defence in Orval Lavell, Willie Schmidt, Don McLeod and Tom Stecyk. Sherman Blair, George Agar and Art Hart formed Vernon's number one line, with Odie Lowe playing centre on another line with Frank King and Merv Bidoski. Johnny Harms, Art Davison, Don Jakes and Walt Trentini, Vernon's only local product, rounded out the team. Vernon's Canadians, coached by George Agar, were the toast of the Okanagan valley.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [21, 33], "content_span": [34, 514]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073498-0009-0000", "contents": "1955\u201356 WIHL season, Season recap\nThe Flyers had plenty of scoring power in the regular season play, and managed to have five players in the top ten scoring parade. Lee Hyssop of the Nelson Maple Leafs, was the WIHL scoring king, with 94 points; with Spokane's Frank Kubasek, a former pro and a Blairmore (Crowsnet) boy, runner up with 83 points. Other Flyers who managed to score at a fast clip were Art Jones with 44; Lorne Nadeau with 39; Kubasek, 38; Gino Rozzini, 25; Carl Cirullo, 24; Jack Miller, 21; Bruno Pasqualotto, 20; and Red Tilson, 19.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [21, 33], "content_span": [34, 550]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073498-0010-0000", "contents": "1955\u201356 WIHL season, Season recap\nTom Hodges, Spokane's young defenceman, had to take a back seat in the penalty race. He picked up 106 minutes in fines, far behind the league's bad man, \"Terrible\" Ted Leboida of the Dynamiters' 165 minutes. Only two other players received over 100 minutes in penalties; Gordon Andre of Kimberley, with 163 minutes, and Joe Conn of the Trail Smoke Eaters, with 105 minutes.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [21, 33], "content_span": [34, 407]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073498-0011-0000", "contents": "1955\u201356 WIHL season, Season recap\nSpokane's lineup in 1955-56: John Sofiak, John Panagrot (Goal); Ralph Luke, Tom Hodges, Cy Whiteside, Dan McDougald, Jack Lancien (Defence); Frank Kubasek, Art Jones, Jack Miller, Gino Rozzini, Bruno Pasqualotto, Carl Cirullo, Doug Toole, Lorne Nadeau, Dave Gordichuk and Hugh Scott.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [21, 33], "content_span": [34, 317]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073498-0012-0000", "contents": "1955\u201356 WIHL season, Season recap\nLee Hyssop, who played most of his minor hockey in Kimberley, paced the Nelson Maple Leafs to a second-place finish, with a record of 26 wins and two ties, against 22 defeats. The slick Leaf forward had little trouble in winning the scoring crown with 94 points, made up of 33 goals and a league high of 61 assists. Coach Chuck Rayner had his Leafs flying high late in the season, but ran up against a rejuvenated Trail team in their semi-final series; and bowed out in the fifth game of the best-of-seven affair. The Leafs had little trouble handling the Smoke Eaters in regular season play, winning nine of their fourteen meetings, and with five of their victories coming right in Trail's Cominco Arena.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [21, 33], "content_span": [34, 739]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073498-0013-0000", "contents": "1955\u201356 WIHL season, Season recap\nThe Maple Leafs introduced their rookie netminder, Gus Adams, who performed in 49 games for the Leafs and had a goal average of 4.90. Fritz Koehle was Nelson's second leading point getter with 60 points, made up of 29 goals and 31 assists. Bud Andrews, who saw action both with Trail and Nelson, paced the league in the hat trick division, with four three-goal performances to his credit. Andrews finished with 34 goals, Herb Jeffrey, 27; Joe Bell, 19; Wendy Keller, 19; and Red Koehle, 15. What had to be a big disappointment for the Leafs was the showing of Vic Howe, the 25-year-old brother of Detroit Red Wings's Gordie Howe. The ex-pro from Saskatoon was expected to give the Leafs the much needed scoring punch, but only managed ten goals in 29 games.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [21, 33], "content_span": [34, 791]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073498-0014-0000", "contents": "1955\u201356 WIHL season, Season recap\nJimmy Morris had a frustrating season as coach of the Trail Smoke Eaters, and it wasn't until playoff time did they manage to get rolling. The Smokies had the horses to win it all, but ran into salary disputes, which caused trouble in the Smokies' quarters. In the playoffs they shook hands and let bygones be bygones, and made short order of the Leafs, before bowing out to Spokane in the WIHL finals. The Smokies had a record of 24 wins, one tie and 25 losses for 49 points, good for a third-place finish.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [21, 33], "content_span": [34, 541]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073498-0015-0000", "contents": "1955\u201356 WIHL season, Season recap\nSeth Martin and Reno Zanier shared the Smokies goaltending duties, with Martin having a goal average of 4.69, compared to Zanier's 5.36. The Smoke Eaters played well away from home, winning nine games, and had the best record against the Okanagan League, winning five of their eight games. Mike Shabaga's 72 points was high in the Smokies scoring column with 25 goals and 47 assists. Norm Lenardon was right on Shabaga's heels with 70 points, 32 of them goals. Gerry Penner had 30 goals, Bobby Kromm, 22; Frank Turik, 20; Mort Sapplywy, 20; and Ray Demore, 19.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [21, 33], "content_span": [34, 594]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073498-0016-0000", "contents": "1955\u201356 WIHL season, Season recap\nThe Kimberley Dynamiters occupied the basement suite most of the season, with a record of 18 wins, two ties and 30 losses, for 38 points.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [21, 33], "content_span": [34, 171]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073498-0017-0000", "contents": "1955\u201356 WIHL season, Season recap\nNorm Larsen resigned as coach of the Dynamiters late in the season, with Johnny Achtzener moving up from the general manager's post to take over the reins. Larsen, despite the fact he had a knee injury, continued on as a player. The Dynamiters managed to finish with four players right up in the thick of the scoring parade. Cal Hockley held down third spot with 81 points; Buzz Mellor picked up 77 points, and Larsen and Claudie Bell 72 points apiece. Hockley had 37 goals, Mellor, 38; Larsen, 35; Bell, 30; and Gerry Barre 24.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [21, 33], "content_span": [34, 562]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073498-0017-0001", "contents": "1955\u201356 WIHL season, Season recap\nThe Dynamiters potent line of Hockley, Mellor and Bell paced the league in goals, collecting 103; with Spokane's powerful trio of Kubasek, Nadeau and Miller close behind with 98 goals. Kimberley did top the league in one department, and that was in penalties. They served a total of 619 minutes in penalties, and to break it down, they played a man short for over ten full games. Ted Lebodia was the loop's badman with 165 minutes in fines; with Andre not far behind with 163 minutes. During league play a total of 32 major penalties were dished out, with Andre picking up seven of them, and Lebodia four.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [21, 33], "content_span": [34, 639]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073498-0018-0000", "contents": "1955\u201356 WIHL season, Season recap\nThe Dynamiters had a disastrous road record, winning only two games on foreign ice all season. They played three of their home games on Cranbrook ice, and managed to win all three; and drew excellent crowds.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [21, 33], "content_span": [34, 241]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073498-0019-0000", "contents": "1955\u201356 WIHL season, Season recap\nGordon \"Moe\" Young was the playing coach of the Kelowna Packers in 1955-56, after serving Trail for four seasons, two of them as coach.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [21, 33], "content_span": [34, 169]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073498-0020-0000", "contents": "1955\u201356 WIHL season, Season recap\nThe WIHL hired two outside (non-BCAHA officials) referees to handle games in 1955-56. George Cullen, who officiated football in the Western International Football Union at Regina, Saskatchewan, was referee-in-chief; with Tommy Dunn his assistant. It was a costly experience and lasted only one year.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [21, 33], "content_span": [34, 333]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073498-0021-0000", "contents": "1955\u201356 WIHL season, Season recap\nBill Hyrciuk was the Kamloops Elks leading scorer, and managed two goals and four assists over the Dynamiters in Kimberley.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [21, 33], "content_span": [34, 157]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073498-0022-0000", "contents": "1955\u201356 WIHL season, Season recap\nIn 1955-56 the Dynamiters' swing through the Okanagan League, with stops at Kamloops, Vernon, Kelowna and Penticton, cost the club $1,950, which included transportation, hotels, meals and lost-time wages. It costs that much today to keep a date in Cranbrook, if you include lost-time wages from the injury.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [21, 33], "content_span": [34, 340]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073498-0023-0000", "contents": "1955\u201356 WIHL season, Season recap\nSince the Savage Cup, emblematic of the senior hockey championship of B.C., was first played for in 1912-13, Trail has won the cup 16 times, Kimberley eight, Nelson five and Spokane five.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [21, 33], "content_span": [34, 221]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073498-0024-0000", "contents": "1955\u201356 WIHL season, Semi finals\nTrail Smoke Eaters beat Nelson Maple Leafs 4 wins to 1.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [21, 32], "content_span": [33, 88]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073498-0025-0000", "contents": "1955\u201356 WIHL season, Final\nSpokane Flyers beat Trail Smoke Eaters 4 wins to 1.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [21, 26], "content_span": [27, 78]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073498-0026-0000", "contents": "1955\u201356 WIHL season, Final\nSpokane Flyers advanced to the 1955-56 British Columbia Senior Playoffs.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [21, 26], "content_span": [27, 99]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073499-0000-0000", "contents": "1955\u201356 Washington Huskies men's basketball team\nThe 1955\u201356 Washington Huskies men's basketball team represented the University of Washington for the 1955\u201356 NCAA college basketball season. Led by sixth-year head coach Tippy Dye, the Huskies were members of the Pacific Coast Conference and played their home games on campus at Hec Edmundson Pavilion in Seattle, Washington.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 48], "section_span": [48, 48], "content_span": [49, 375]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073499-0001-0000", "contents": "1955\u201356 Washington Huskies men's basketball team\nThe Huskies were 15\u201311 overall in the regular season and 11\u20135 in conference play, second in the standings.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 48], "section_span": [48, 48], "content_span": [49, 155]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073500-0000-0000", "contents": "1955\u201356 Washington State Cougars men's basketball team\nThe 1955\u201356 Washington State Cougars men's basketball team represented Washington State College for the 1955\u201356 college basketball season. Led by 28th-year head coach Jack Friel, the Cougars were members of the Pacific Coast Conference and played their home games on campus at Bohler Gymnasium in Pullman, Washington.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 54], "section_span": [54, 54], "content_span": [55, 372]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073500-0001-0000", "contents": "1955\u201356 Washington State Cougars men's basketball team\nThe Cougars were 4\u201322 overall in the regular season and 2\u201314 in conference play, last in the standings.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 54], "section_span": [54, 54], "content_span": [55, 158]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073501-0000-0000", "contents": "1955\u201356 Welsh Cup\nThe 1955\u201356 FAW Welsh Cup is the 69th season of the annual knockout tournament for competitive football teams in Wales.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [17, 17], "content_span": [18, 137]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073501-0001-0000", "contents": "1955\u201356 Welsh Cup, Fifth round\nNine winners from the Fourth round and seven new clubs.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 30], "content_span": [31, 86]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073501-0002-0000", "contents": "1955\u201356 Welsh Cup, Semifinal\nSwansea Town and Newport County played at Cardiff, Oswestry Town and Cardiff City played at Wrexham.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 28], "content_span": [29, 129]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073502-0000-0000", "contents": "1955\u201356 Western Football League\nThe 1955\u201356 season was the 54th in the history of the Western Football League.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [31, 31], "content_span": [32, 110]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073502-0001-0000", "contents": "1955\u201356 Western Football League\nThe champions for the fourth time in their history were Trowbridge Town, and the winners of Division Two were the returning Torquay United Reserves.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [31, 31], "content_span": [32, 180]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073502-0002-0000", "contents": "1955\u201356 Western Football League, Final tables, Division One\nDivision One was reduced from eighteen to seventeen clubs after Ilfracombe Town and Street were relegated to Division Two, and Bath City Reserves left the league. Two clubs joined:", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 59], "content_span": [60, 240]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073502-0003-0000", "contents": "1955\u201356 Western Football League, Final tables, Division Two\nDivision Two was increased from eighteen to twenty clubs after Frome Town and Yeovil Town Reserves were promoted to Division One, and four new clubs joined:", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 59], "content_span": [60, 216]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073503-0000-0000", "contents": "1955\u201356 Western Kentucky Hilltoppers basketball team\nThe 1955\u201356 Western Kentucky Hilltoppers men's basketball team represented Western Kentucky State College during the 1955-56 NCAA University Division Basketball season. The Hilltoppers were led by future Naismith Memorial Basketball Hall of Fame coach Edgar Diddle and leading scorer Forest Able. Western finished in a three-way tie for the Ohio Valley Conference championship. There was no conference tournament, so a playoff was held to determine which team would advance to the NCAA tournament, which was won by Morehead Sate.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 52], "section_span": [52, 52], "content_span": [53, 582]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073504-0000-0000", "contents": "1955\u201356 William & Mary Indians men's basketball team\nThe 1955\u201356 William & Mary Indians men's basketball team represented the College of William & Mary in intercollegiate basketball during the 1955\u201356 NCAA men's basketball season. Under the fourth year of head coach Boydson Baird, the team finished the season 12\u201314, 9\u20137 in the Southern Conference. This was the 51st season of the collegiate basketball program at William & Mary, whose nickname is now the Tribe. William & Mary played its home games at Blow Gymnasium.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 52], "section_span": [52, 52], "content_span": [53, 519]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073504-0001-0000", "contents": "1955\u201356 William & Mary Indians men's basketball team\nThe Indians finished in 5th place in the conference and qualified for the 1956 Southern Conference Men's Basketball Tournament, held at the Richmond Arena. However, for the second consecutive year William & Mary fell to Richmond in the quarterfinals.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 52], "section_span": [52, 52], "content_span": [53, 303]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073505-0000-0000", "contents": "1955\u201356 Wisconsin Badgers men's basketball team\nThe 1955\u20131956 Wisconsin Badgers men's basketball team represented University of Wisconsin\u2013Madison. The head coach was Harold E. Foster, coaching his twenty-second season with the Badgers. The team played their home games at the UW Fieldhouse in Madison, Wisconsin and was a member of the Big Ten Conference.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 47], "section_span": [47, 47], "content_span": [48, 355]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073506-0000-0000", "contents": "1955\u201356 Yorkshire Cup\n1955\u201356 was the forty-eighth occasion on which the  Yorkshire Cup competition had been held.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [21, 21], "content_span": [22, 114]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073506-0001-0000", "contents": "1955\u201356 Yorkshire Cup\nThis year's final was a repeat of last years' final and between cup holder Halifax and last season runner-up Hull F.C. with the same outcome (albeit via a replay).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [21, 21], "content_span": [22, 185]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073506-0002-0000", "contents": "1955\u201356 Yorkshire Cup\nHalifax won the trophy by beating Hull F.C. by the score of 10-10 in a replayed final.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [21, 21], "content_span": [22, 108]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073506-0003-0000", "contents": "1955\u201356 Yorkshire Cup\nThe original final, which ended in a 10-10 draw, was played at Headingley, Leeds, now in West Yorkshire. The attendance was 23,520 and receipts were \u00a34,385.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [21, 21], "content_span": [22, 178]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073506-0004-0000", "contents": "1955\u201356 Yorkshire Cup\nThe replay was played 11 days later at Odsal in the City of Bradford, now in West Yorkshire. The attendance was 14,000 and receipts were \u00a32,439.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [21, 21], "content_span": [22, 166]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073506-0005-0000", "contents": "1955\u201356 Yorkshire Cup\nThis was the second of Halifax's two successive victories, both against Hull FC, for whom it was their third successive cup final defeat.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [21, 21], "content_span": [22, 159]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073506-0006-0000", "contents": "1955\u201356 Yorkshire Cup, Background\nThis season there were no junior/amateur clubs taking part, no new entrants and no \"leavers\" and so the total of entries remained the same at sixteen.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [23, 33], "content_span": [34, 184]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073506-0007-0000", "contents": "1955\u201356 Yorkshire Cup, Background\nThis in turn resulted in no byes in the first round.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [23, 33], "content_span": [34, 86]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073506-0008-0000", "contents": "1955\u201356 Yorkshire Cup, Background\nThis season saw a continuation of the simple knock-out formulas, there was to be no return to the two-legged ties.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [23, 33], "content_span": [34, 148]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073506-0009-0000", "contents": "1955\u201356 Yorkshire Cup, Competition and results, Final - replay, Teams and scorers\nthree (3) - Try = points two (2) - Goal = points two (2) - Drop goal = points", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [23, 81], "content_span": [82, 159]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073506-0010-0000", "contents": "1955\u201356 Yorkshire Cup, Notes and comments\n1 * Headingley, Leeds, is the home ground of Leeds RLFC with a capacity of 21,000. The record attendance was  40,175 for a league match between Leeds and Bradford Northern on 21 May 1947.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [23, 41], "content_span": [42, 229]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073506-0011-0000", "contents": "1955\u201356 Yorkshire Cup, Notes and comments\n2 * Odsal is the home ground of Bradford Northern from 1890 to 2010 and the current capacity is in the region of 26,000, The ground is famous for hosting the largest attendance at an English sports ground when 102,569 (it was reported that over 120,000 actually attended as several areas of boundary fencing collapse under the sheer weight of numbers) attended the replay of the Challenge Cup final on 5 May 1954 to see Halifax v Warrington", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [23, 41], "content_span": [42, 482]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073506-0012-0000", "contents": "1955\u201356 Yorkshire Cup, Notes and comments, General information for those unfamiliar\nThe Rugby League Yorkshire Cup competition was a knock-out competition between (mainly professional) rugby league clubs from  the  county of Yorkshire. The actual area was at times increased to encompass other teams from  outside the  county such as Newcastle, Mansfield, Coventry, and even London (in the form of Acton & Willesden.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [23, 83], "content_span": [84, 416]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073506-0013-0000", "contents": "1955\u201356 Yorkshire Cup, Notes and comments, General information for those unfamiliar\nThe Rugby League season always (until the onset of \"Summer Rugby\" in 1996) ran from around August-time through to around May-time and this competition always took place early in the season, in the Autumn, with the final taking place in (or just before) December (The only exception to this was when disruption of the fixture list was caused during, and immediately after, the two World Wars)", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [23, 83], "content_span": [84, 475]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073507-0000-0000", "contents": "1955\u201356 Yugoslav First League\nThe 1955\u201356 Yugoslav First League season was the tenth season of the First Federal League (Serbian: Prva savezna liga, Croatian: Prva savezna liga), the top level association football competition of SFR Yugoslavia, since its establishment in 1946. Fourteen teams contested the competition, with Red Star winning their third title.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [29, 29], "content_span": [30, 360]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073507-0001-0000", "contents": "1955\u201356 Yugoslav First League, Teams\nAt the end of the previous season Lokomotiva and Vardar were relegated from top level. They were replaced by Vele\u017e and Budu\u0107nost Titograd.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 36], "content_span": [37, 175]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073508-0000-0000", "contents": "1955\u201356 Yugoslav Ice Hockey League season\nThe 1955\u201356 Yugoslav Ice Hockey League season was the 14th season of the Yugoslav Ice Hockey League, the top level of ice hockey in Yugoslavia. Six teams participated in the league, and Zagreb have won the championship.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 41], "section_span": [41, 41], "content_span": [42, 261]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073509-0000-0000", "contents": "1955\u201356 in American soccer\nThe 1955\u201356 season was the 46th season of FIFA-sanctioned soccer in the United States.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [26, 26], "content_span": [27, 113]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073509-0001-0000", "contents": "1955\u201356 in American soccer, National Challenge Cup\nThe 43rd staging of the National Challenge Cup was held during the 1955\u201356 season. The competition began January 23, 1956, and the final leg of the championship was held on July 28, 1956. The Harmarville Hurricanes of Harmarville, Pennsylvania, won the title. It was the Hurricanes second title, and their first since 1952.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [28, 50], "content_span": [51, 374]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073510-0000-0000", "contents": "1955\u201356 in Belgian football\nThe 1955\u201356 season was the 53rd season of competitive football in Belgium. RSC Anderlechtois won their 7th Division I title. This was also their third consecutive title, for the second time. RSC Anderlechtois also entered the first European Champion Clubs' Cup as Belgian champion. The Belgium national football team played 7 friendly games (2 wins, 1 draw, 4 losses). RRC Tournaisien won the Belgian Cup but after this season the competition was stopped due to the pressure of the top clubs in the vote to maintain or not the competition. The Belgian Cup would eventually resume in the 1963\u201364 season after the creation of the European Cup Winners' Cup.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [27, 27], "content_span": [28, 682]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073510-0001-0000", "contents": "1955\u201356 in Belgian football, Overview\nAt the end of the season, K Waterschei SV Thor and KFC Malinois were relegated to Division II and were replaced by Division II winner RCS Vervi\u00e9tois and runner-up OC Charleroi. The bottom 2 clubs in Division II (SRU Verviers and KFC Herentals) were relegated to Division III, to be replaced by (RCS Brugeois and VV Patro Eisden) from Division III. The bottom 2 clubs of each Division III league KAV Dendermonde, KVK Waeslandia Burcht, RCS Hallois and RFC Bressoux were relegated to Promotion, to be replaced by FC Eeklo, K Olse Merksem SC, R Jeunesse Arlonaise and KFC Diest from Promotion.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 37], "content_span": [38, 628]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073510-0002-0000", "contents": "1955\u201356 in Belgian football, European competitions\nRSC Anderlechtois lost in the first round of the first European Champion Clubs' Cup to V\u00f6r\u00f6s Lobogo of Hungary (defeat 6-3 away and defeat 1-4 at home).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 50], "content_span": [51, 203]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073511-0000-0000", "contents": "1955\u201356 in English football\nThe 1955\u201356 season was the 76th season of competitive football in England.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [27, 27], "content_span": [28, 102]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073511-0001-0000", "contents": "1955\u201356 in English football, Overview\nDefending league champions Chelsea decided not to compete in the new European Champions Cup, following opposition from the Football League about the participation of English clubs in the competition.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 37], "content_span": [38, 237]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073511-0002-0000", "contents": "1955\u201356 in English football, Overview\nThe league title is taken by a Manchester United side with an average age of just 22, which finished an incredible 11 points ahead of their nearest contenders, Blackpool and Wolverhampton Wanderers.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 37], "content_span": [38, 236]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073511-0003-0000", "contents": "1955\u201356 in English football, Overview\nIt was a Manchester double for trophies, with Manchester City winning the FA Cup, with goalkeeper Bert Trautmann famously playing on despite suffering what was later diagnosed as a broken neck in a collision with a Birmingham City player.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 37], "content_span": [38, 276]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073511-0004-0000", "contents": "1955\u201356 in English football, Honours\nNotes = Number in parentheses is the times that club has won that honour. * indicates new record for competition", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 36], "content_span": [37, 149]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073511-0005-0000", "contents": "1955\u201356 in English football, Football League, First Division\nManchester United won the First Division title by 11 points, featuring a squad of players with an average age of just 22, with manager Matt Busby's emphasis on youth paying dividends and answering the critics who felt that his policy would not be able to maintain United's place among the game's elite. Second place was occupied by Blackpool, with Stanley Matthews still a dominant presence in the team in his 41st year, while Wolves finished third, FA Cup winners Manchester City finished fourth, and Arsenal completed the top five. Birmingham City finished sixth to record their best ever final position.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 60], "content_span": [61, 667]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073511-0006-0000", "contents": "1955\u201356 in English football, Football League, Second Division\nSheffield Wednesday crossed paths with their cross city rivals to return to the First Division by winning the Second Division title, joined by runners-up Leeds United. Liverpool narrowly missed out on a First Division comeback by finishing third.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 61], "content_span": [62, 308]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073512-0000-0000", "contents": "1955\u201356 in Israeli football\nThe 1955\u201356 season was the 8th season of competitive football in Israel and the 30th season under the Israeli Football Association, established in 1928, during the British Mandate.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [27, 27], "content_span": [28, 208]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073512-0001-0000", "contents": "1955\u201356 in Israeli football, Domestic leagues, 1954\u201355 Liga Alef\nThe league, which started during the previous season, was completed on 16 October 1955 and was won by Hapoel Petah Tikva, its first ever championship. At the bottom, Hapoel Hadera and Hapoel Balfouria relegated to 1955\u201356 Liga Alef. Beitar Jerusalem and Hapoel Kfar Saba finished 11th and 12th and faced 1954\u201355 Liga Bet regional divisions' winners, Hapoel Kiryat Haim and Maccabi Jaffa, at the end of which, Hapoel Kfar Saba retained its place in the top division, joined by Maccabi Jaffa.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 64], "content_span": [65, 555]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073512-0002-0000", "contents": "1955\u201356 in Israeli football, Domestic leagues, 1955\u201356 Liga Leumit\nThe league started on 3 December 1955 and was played until 2 June 1956. Maccabi Tel Aviv won the title, while Maccabi Rehovot and Hapoel Kfar Saba finished bottom and relegated to 1956\u201357 Liga Alef. Maccabi Jaffa, who finished 10th, played a promotion/relegation play-offs against Hakoah Tel Aviv, and won both matches to stay in the top division.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 66], "content_span": [67, 414]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073512-0003-0000", "contents": "1955\u201356 in Israeli football, Domestic leagues, 1955\u201356 Liga Leumit, Promotion/Relegation playoffs\nThe 10th-placed Maccabi Jaffa faced 1955\u201356 Liga Alef winner, Hakoah Tel Aviv. The matches took place on June 10 and 17, 1956.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 97], "content_span": [98, 224]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073512-0004-0000", "contents": "1955\u201356 in Israeli football, Domestic leagues, 1955\u201356 Liga Leumit, Promotion/Relegation playoffs\nMaccabi Jaffa won 4\u20131 on aggregate and remained in Liga Leumit. Hakoah Tel Aviv remained in Liga Alef.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 97], "content_span": [98, 200]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073512-0005-0000", "contents": "1955\u201356 in Israeli football, Domestic cups, 1954\u201355 Israel State Cup\nThe competition, which started on 22 January 1955, was played until autumn 1956, with the final being played on 19 November 1956. Maccabi Tel Aviv had beaten Hapoel Petah Tikva 3\u20131 in the final.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 68], "content_span": [69, 263]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073512-0006-0000", "contents": "1955\u201356 in Israeli football, Domestic cups, 1956\u201357 Israel State Cup\nThe competition started on 11 February 1956 and was completed during the next season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 68], "content_span": [69, 154]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073512-0007-0000", "contents": "1955\u201356 in Israeli football, Domestic cups, Netanya 25th Anniversary Cup\nIn October and November, while the promotion playoffs and the State Cup were being played, two cup competitions were organized by Liga Leumit Clubs, the second edition of the Shapira Cup, and the Netanya 25th Anniversary Cup. The Shapira Cup, in which Hapoel Tel Aviv, Maccabi Tel Aviv, Maccabi Haifa and Hapoel Petah Tikva participated, was abandoned after two rounds of play.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 72], "content_span": [73, 450]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073512-0008-0000", "contents": "1955\u201356 in Israeli football, Domestic cups, Netanya 25th Anniversary Cup\nMaccabi Netanya, Beitar Tel Aviv, Maccabi Petah Tikva and Hapoel Ramat Gan took part in a second cup competition, dedicated to the 25th anniversary of Netanya.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 72], "content_span": [73, 232]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073512-0009-0000", "contents": "1955\u201356 in Israeli football, National Teams, National team\nAfter more than a year of inactivity, the national team was reorganized under a new coach, Jack Gibbons. The national team played several matches against local teams and visiting teams, travelled to the U.S. to play an American Soccer League XI in an Israeli Independence Day celebration and competed against the Soviet Union in the 1956 Olympics qualification. The national team was also due to participate in the 1956 AFC Asian Cup qualification and was drawn to play Pakistan in the first round and Afghanistan in the second round. However, both teams declined playing Israel. As all the other teams in the western zone withdrew, the national team qualified as regional winner.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 58], "content_span": [59, 739]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073512-0010-0000", "contents": "1955\u201356 in Israeli football, International club matches, Visiting foreign teams, Kapfenberger SV\nIn February 1956 the Israeli government lifted the ban on hosting teams from Austria and Hapoel and Maccabi Petah Tikva invited Kapfenberger SV to a tour of Israel. The visit was met with criticism from right-wing politicians and acts of sabotage in order to stop the Austrian team from playing, but the matches went ahead as planned.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 96], "content_span": [97, 431]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073513-0000-0000", "contents": "1955\u201356 in Scottish football\nThe 1955\u201356 season was the 83rd season of competitive football in Scotland and the 59th season of the Scottish Football League.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [28, 28], "content_span": [29, 156]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073513-0001-0000", "contents": "1955\u201356 in Scottish football, Overview\nFollowing league reconstruction, the top tier was expanded from 16 to 18 teams with Airdrieonians and Dunfermline Athletic being promoted. The second tier was expanded from 16 to 19 teams with Berwick Rangers, Dumbarton, East Stirlingshire, Montrose and Stranraer joining the league from the third tier.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 38], "content_span": [39, 342]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073513-0002-0000", "contents": "1955\u201356 in Scottish football, Overview\nThe leagues were rebranded at the start of season 1955\u201356. Division A was now the newly named Division One and Division B was now the newly named Division Two. Division C was disbanded, with most of its members, which were reserve teams, moving to a separate Scottish (Reserve) League).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 38], "content_span": [39, 325]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073513-0003-0000", "contents": "1955\u201356 in Scottish football, Scotland national team\n1956 British Home Championship - Joint winners with \u00a0England, \u00a0Northern Ireland and \u00a0Wales", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 52], "content_span": [53, 143]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073514-0000-0000", "contents": "1955\u201358 Inter-Cities Fairs Cup\nThe first Inter-Cities Fairs Cup took place over three seasons from 1955 to 1958. The competition began with a group stage with each team playing home and away against each other. Due to the competition rules which stated only one side from each city was allowed to compete, many cities with several football clubs picked the best players from those teams to create a city representative side. One of these, the London XI, went on to reach the final where they were beaten over two legs by the Barcelona XI (later recognized as FC Barcelona).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [30, 30], "content_span": [31, 573]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073514-0001-0000", "contents": "1955\u201358 Inter-Cities Fairs Cup, Knockout stage, Semi-finals\n1 Barcelona beat Birmingham City 2\u20131 in a play-off to qualify for the Final.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 59], "content_span": [60, 136]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073515-0000-0000", "contents": "1955\u201358 Magyar Kupa\nThe 1955\u201358 Magyar Kupa (English: Hungarian Cup) was the 24th season of Hungary's annual knock-out cup football competition. The 1955 Magyar Kupa season was interrupted by the 1956 Hungarian uprising. Therefore, the final was held in 1958.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [19, 19], "content_span": [20, 259]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073516-0000-0000", "contents": "1955\u201360 Central European International Cup\nThe 1955\u201360 Central European International Cup was the final edition of the Central European International Cup. It was replaced by the European Nations Championship. Yugoslavia took part for the first time.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 42], "section_span": [42, 42], "content_span": [43, 249]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073517-0000-0000", "contents": "1956\n1956 (MCMLVI) was a leap year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar, the 1956th year of the Common Era (CE) and Anno Domini (AD) designations, the 956th  year of the 2nd\u00a0millennium, the 56th  year of the 20th\u00a0century, and the  7th   year of the 1950s decade.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 4], "section_span": [4, 4], "content_span": [5, 270]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073518-0000-0000", "contents": "1956 (album)\n1956 is an album by hip hop group, Soul-Junk. It was released in July, 2000 on 5 Minute Walk. Some tracks were selected to appear on the MTV reality show Road Rules.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 12], "section_span": [12, 12], "content_span": [13, 178]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073518-0001-0000", "contents": "1956 (album), Covers\n\"ill-m-i\" was covered by TobyMac on his albums Welcome to Diverse City and Renovating Diverse City.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 12], "section_span": [14, 20], "content_span": [21, 120]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073519-0000-0000", "contents": "1956 10 Hours of Messina\nThe 4th 10 Hours of Messina was a sports car race, held on 26 August 1956 in the street circuit of Messina, Italy.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [24, 24], "content_span": [25, 139]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073519-0001-0000", "contents": "1956 10 Hours of Messina\nIn this edition Automobile Club d'Italia to avoid the cancellation he decided to reduce the race to only 5 hours starting at 20 and arriving at 1 in the night, moreover, the route has been reduced by about a kilometer to free the transit for the Regina Margherita hospital.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [24, 24], "content_span": [25, 298]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073520-0000-0000", "contents": "1956 1000 km Buenos Aires\nThe 1956 1000 km Buenos Aires took place on 29 January, on the Aut\u00f3dromo Municipal-Avenida Paz, (Buenos Aires, Argentina). It was the third running of the race, and once again, it was opening round of the F.I.A. World Sports Car Championship. For this event, a longer section of the Autopista General Pablo Riccheri route was removed, returning the circuit to 9.476\u00a0km in length, as it was in 1954.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [25, 25], "content_span": [26, 424]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073520-0001-0000", "contents": "1956 1000 km Buenos Aires, Report, Entry\nA grand total of 32 racing cars were registered for this event, of which 28 arrived for practice and 27 for qualifying. Although this was the first major sports car race of the year, the race was poorly supported by the work of teams. Only Ferrari and Maserati sent cars from Europe. Both teams were represented by three cars in the race. Ferrari send a Ferrari 857 S for Olivier Gendebien and Phil Hill, and a pair of Ferrari 410 S Scaglietti Spyders for Juan Manuel Fangio/Eugenio Castellotti and Luigi Musso/Peter Collins. Meanwhile, Officine Alfieri Maserati was represented a trio of Maserati 300S in the hands of Stirling Moss/Carlos Mendit\u00e9guy; Jean Behra/Jos\u00e9 Froil\u00e1n Gonz\u00e1lez and Francisco Landi/Gerino Gerini. The remainder of the field were cars from South American teams.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [27, 40], "content_span": [41, 824]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073520-0002-0000", "contents": "1956 1000 km Buenos Aires, Report, Qualifying\nAfter a three-hour qualifying session held on the prior to the race, the local hero, Juan Manuel Fangio took pole position for Scuderia Ferrari, in their Ferrari 410 S.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [27, 45], "content_span": [46, 214]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073520-0003-0000", "contents": "1956 1000 km Buenos Aires, Report, Race\nThe race was held over 106 laps of the 5.888 miles, Aut\u00f3dromo Municipal-Avenida Paz, giving a distance of 624.162 miles (1,004.490\u00a0km). It was the winner of the 1955 race, Enrique Saenz Valiente who took an early lead from Fangio and Musso. By lap ten, both the works Ferrari had moved ahead of the privately entered Ferrari 375 Plus of Valinete. On lap 20, Moss and Gendebien were also moving up the leaderboard.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [27, 39], "content_span": [40, 453]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073520-0003-0001", "contents": "1956 1000 km Buenos Aires, Report, Race\nHowever, with just 20 laps left Gendebien were in the pits with problems, while Fangio\u2019s car, now in the hands of Castellotti, was also in the pits following a collision with a dog. With the retirement of Musso just after half distance, the Maserati of Moss and Mendit\u00e9guy was now in a clear lead. With his car now repaired, Fangio launches a relentless pursuit of the Maserati although the distance is too great and the Ferrari\u2019s differential explodes into many pieces.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [27, 39], "content_span": [40, 510]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073520-0004-0000", "contents": "1956 1000 km Buenos Aires, Report, Race\nAs a result of Fangio\u2019s retirement, Moss and Mendit\u00e9guy in car number 31, took an impressive victory, winning in a time of 6hrs 29:37.9 mins., averaging a speed of 96.116\u00a0mph. In second was the sole remaining Scuderia Ferrari of Gendebien and Hill, albeit two laps drift. The podium was complete by another works Maserati 300S, of Behra and Gonz\u00e1lez, who were a further three laps adrift.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [27, 39], "content_span": [40, 428]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073520-0005-0000", "contents": "1956 1000 km Buenos Aires, Standings after the race\nChampionship points were awarded for the first six places in each race in the order of 8-6-4-3-2-1. Manufacturers were only awarded points for their highest finishing car with no points awarded for positions filled by additional cars. Only the best 3 results out of the 5 races could be retained by each manufacturer. Points earned but not counted towards the championship totals are listed within brackets in the above table.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [27, 51], "content_span": [52, 478]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073521-0000-0000", "contents": "1956 1000km of N\u00fcrburgring\nThe 2. Internationales ADAC 1000 Kilometer Rennen auf dem N\u00fcrburgring  took place on 27 May, on the N\u00fcrburgring Nordschleife, (West Germany). It was also the fourth round of the F.I.A. World Sports Car Championship. This was the first time the event had taken place, since it was dropped from the championship following its inaugural event in 1953. It was also round two of the German Sportscar Championship.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [26, 26], "content_span": [27, 435]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073521-0001-0000", "contents": "1956 1000km of N\u00fcrburgring, Report, Entry\nA grand total 71 racing cars were registered for this event, of which 61 arrived for practice and qualifying. Fresh from their domination on the Mille Miglia, came two work teams of Scuderia Ferrari, and Officine Alfieri Maserati. The team from Maranello arrived with four cars, two 860 Monzas and two 290 MMs. The pairing to beat was that of Juan Manuel Fangio and Eugenio Castellotti driving the more powerful 860 Monza. This car was powered by a 3.4 litre 4-cylinder engine, producing 280\u00a0bhp.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [28, 41], "content_span": [42, 538]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073521-0001-0001", "contents": "1956 1000km of N\u00fcrburgring, Report, Entry\nTheir Modenese rivals, who were 12 points going into the meeting need a victory to reopened the Constructors\u2019 Championship. Do to this, their arrived with four cars, two 300Ss, plus a 350s and a 150S. Their stars drivers, headed by the young Englishman, Stirling Moss, were in the 300Ss with a smaller 3.0 litre 6-cylinder engine, but it still produced 245\u00a0bhp.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [28, 41], "content_span": [42, 403]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073521-0002-0000", "contents": "1956 1000km of N\u00fcrburgring, Report, Qualifying\nQualifying was held over three sessions for a total of 1,590 minutes over the three prior to the race. The Ferrari 860 Monza of Fangio took pole position, averaging a speed of 84.534\u00a0mph around the 14.173 mile circuit. This was an incredible lap time, especially when compared to the time set by team-mate Luigi Musso, into the slower 290 MM \u2013 which was a full three seconds slower. The \u201953 pole winner was on pole yet again, having given everyone a lesson on how to drive the 174 corner of the \u2018Ring. When the finish session had finished, Ferrari had secured the first three places, the 300S driver by Moss and Jean Behra was fourth. The first non-Italian car was fifth, the Jaguar D-Type of Mike Hawthorn and Desmond Titterington.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [28, 46], "content_span": [47, 779]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073521-0003-0000", "contents": "1956 1000km of N\u00fcrburgring, Report, Race\nThe day of the race would be warm and dry, with a crowd of approximately 70,000 in attendance to witness for is regarded one of Maserati\u2019s finest ever race victory.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [28, 40], "content_span": [41, 205]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073521-0004-0000", "contents": "1956 1000km of N\u00fcrburgring, Report, Race\nThe start of the 1,000 kilometer race did not bode well for the Modenese marque, despite Moss taking the lead. On lap 11, after Behra had replaced Moss after the first pit stop, the rear transverse leaf spring of their 300S broke, forcing the Frenchman to the wheel of the second 300S. This was being driven by Harry Schell and Piero Taruffi, which was laying in third place at the time. Behra immediately embarked on charge back through the field to catch the leading Ferrari of Fangio and Castellotti. It was then decided by the team to put Moss into the car. At this point of the race, Moss was lying 66 seconds behind Fangio.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [28, 40], "content_span": [41, 670]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073521-0005-0000", "contents": "1956 1000km of N\u00fcrburgring, Report, Race\nAs soon as Moss got into the car, he began to lap the 22km circuit at a pace that no-one would match. He was lapping 4/5 seconds faster than the \u2018Maestro\u2019 Fangio. At this pace, the seemingly safe win in the hands of the Ferrari duo, suddenly was in doubt. On lap 26 of the 44 scheduled, Fangio was unhappy with his car\u2019s handling, so he got his mechanics to check its suspension while refueling, losing about a minute in the process.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [28, 40], "content_span": [41, 474]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073521-0005-0001", "contents": "1956 1000km of N\u00fcrburgring, Report, Race\nSensing the threat to his victory, Fangio delayed handed the car over to Castellotti, as long as possible, in an attempt to stave off Moss\u2019s assault. However, the fate of the race was sealed, when the lap 40, the \u201cMaestro\u201d re-entered to pits for fuel, the 300S of Moss charged on towards an astounding victory.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [28, 40], "content_span": [41, 351]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073521-0006-0000", "contents": "1956 1000km of N\u00fcrburgring, Report, Race\nThe winning partnership of Moss/Behra/Taruffi/Schell, won in a time of 7hr 43:54.5mins., averaging a speed of 80.658\u00a0mph. The margin of triumph over the Ferrari of Fangio/Castelloti was 26 seconds, and led another Ferrari driven by Hill/De Portago/Gendebien by 10 min 01.4s. Porsche snatched fourth place with Wolfgang von Trips/Umberto Maglioli, but their 550 RS finished almost 20 minutes adrift of the Maserati. Moss\u2019s pace was so quick that he lapped event he fifth placed Aston Martin DB3S of Peter Collins and Tony Brooks. Race did not end when Moss cross the finishing line, but continued for another hour to allow the other classes/division to try and complete the full 1000\u00a0km.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [28, 40], "content_span": [41, 727]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073521-0007-0000", "contents": "1956 1000km of N\u00fcrburgring, Report, Race\nTo add to Fangio\u2019s woes, Ferrari mechanics checked his after the race and found his 860 Monza did not actually problem with its suspension, as the quirky handling had simply been caused by the wrong tyre pressures.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [28, 40], "content_span": [41, 255]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073522-0000-0000", "contents": "1956 12 Hours of Reims\nThe 12 Hours of Reims were a sports car endurance racing series held from 1953 to 1967 at the circuit Reims-Gueux.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [22, 22], "content_span": [23, 137]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073523-0000-0000", "contents": "1956 12 Hours of Sebring\nThe 1956 Florida International Grand Prix of Endurance powered by Amoco took place on 24 March, on the Sebring International Raceway, (Florida, United States). It was the second round of the F.I.A. World Sports Car Championship. For the sixth running of the event, was a sign to many in the automotive community that this race had become North America's premier sports car race, and from an international standpoint second only to the 24 Hours of Le Mans.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [24, 24], "content_span": [25, 480]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073523-0001-0000", "contents": "1956 12 Hours of Sebring\nHowever, this race came just eight months after the disaster at Le Mans. The United States was not immune to the fallout following that race, and the American Automobile Association decide to withdraw from all participation in motor sport. This left the promoters with no international recognition for the race, and therefore no FIA approval. It was very simple; no FIA approval, no international race.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [24, 24], "content_span": [25, 427]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073523-0002-0000", "contents": "1956 12 Hours of Sebring\nAlec Ullmann, one of those promoters, and founder of Sebring, approached the Sports Car Club of America, but could not maintain its amateur status, if it supported the race. Ullmann did however obtain \"special permission\" from the FIA to allow him organise the event himself, through his Automobile Racing Club of Florida, and issued the international licenses.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [24, 24], "content_span": [25, 386]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073523-0003-0000", "contents": "1956 12 Hours of Sebring, Report, Entry\nA massive total of 74 racing cars were registered for this event, of which 69 arrived for practice. Only 59 qualified for the race. Adding to the build-up to the event, was the announcement that five European factory teams were planning to race in Florida. Those teams were Aston Martin, Ferrari, Jaguar, Maserati and Porsche.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 39], "content_span": [40, 366]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073523-0004-0000", "contents": "1956 12 Hours of Sebring, Report, Entry\nWith Ferrari determined to recapture the manufacturer's championship they lost Mercedes-Benz in 1955, Scuderia Ferrari was making its first factory appearance at Sebring. Accompanying the pair of 860 Monzas and a 857 S, were some of the best drivers in the world. They included the reigning World Champion, Juan Manuel Fangio, Eugenio Castellotti, Luigi Musso, Harry Schell, Alfonso de Portago and Olivier Gendebien.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 39], "content_span": [40, 456]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073523-0005-0000", "contents": "1956 12 Hours of Sebring, Report, Entry\nMike Hawthorn returned after winning in 1955, driving a factory Jaguar D-Type along with Desmond Titterington, Duncan Hamilton, Ivor Bueb, Bill Spear. Hawthorn's entrant from the previous year, Briggs Cunningham was now with the factory outfit, as was Indianapolis 500 winner, Bob Sweikert. A total of nine D-Types would start the race. The other English factory team, Aston Martin was led by Stirling Moss. He had won the opening race of the season, 1000km Buenos Aires for Maserati, but due to race for Aston Martin in Florida, partnership by Peter Collins, whom himself had switched from Ferrari. Their team-mates were Texan Carroll Shelby, Roy Salvadori, Tony Brooks and Reg Parnell with John Wyer managing the team.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 39], "content_span": [40, 760]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073523-0006-0000", "contents": "1956 12 Hours of Sebring, Report, Entry\nMaserati was represented by a pair of 300Ss in the hands Jean Behra and Piero Taruffi driving one car while Carlos Mendit\u00e9guy and Cesare Perdisa drove the other. Porsche send two of their Porsche 550 Spyder for Hans Herrmann and Wolfgang von Trips in one, and Ed Crawford and Herbert Linge in the other. In a private 550 Spyder, entered by John Edgar Enterprises were Jack McAfee and Pete Lovely.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 39], "content_span": [40, 436]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073523-0007-0000", "contents": "1956 12 Hours of Sebring, Report, Entry\nTaking note of the press interest surrounding the race, General Motors dispatched John Fitch to Florida, in February 1956, in order to get a team of Chevrolet Corvettes sorted out for the 12-hour race. Much to Fitch's dismay the factory prepared \u2018race-cars\u2019 were totally unsuitable for the rough Sebring airport course.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 39], "content_span": [40, 359]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073523-0008-0000", "contents": "1956 12 Hours of Sebring, Report, Qualifying\nBecause they were no qualifying sessions to set the grid, the starting positions were decided according to engine size with the 5.2 litre Corvette of John Fitch and Walt Hansgen in first place. Next was the 5.0 litre Ferrari 375 Plus of Troy Ruttman and Howard Hively. In third place should have been the 4.4 litre Ferrari 735 LM of Jim Kimberly and Ed Linken, however during practice, the car had more than once thrown a flywheel, so Kimberly withdraw the car. Scuderia Ferrari allowed Kimberly to drive with Alfonso de Portago in their 857 Monza. Next in line were three Corvettes with their 4.3 litre engines, and then came eight 3.4 litre Jaguars.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 44], "content_span": [45, 696]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073523-0009-0000", "contents": "1956 12 Hours of Sebring, Report, Race\nThe race was held over 12 hours on the 5.2 miles Sebring International Raceway. An estimated 47,000 spectators showed on a warm and dry raceday. With the race starting promptly at 10am.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 38], "content_span": [39, 224]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073523-0010-0000", "contents": "1956 12 Hours of Sebring, Report, Race\nAs his car was effective on pole position, Fitch's Corvette was the first car to cross the start line, but before he travelled 300 yards down to the first corner, he was passed by the fuel injected Jaguar D-Type of Mike Hawthorn. This, despite starting down in eighth. To some observes, Stirling Moss was the first to drive away from the grid, but as he started down in 26th he had his work cut out. At the end of the first lap, he was running second to Hawthorn by ten seconds. Juan Manuel Fangio was further six seconds adrift. Carroll Shelby was fourth another twelve seconds down the road. The dubious distinction of being the first retirement of the race went to the factory Corvette of Dale Duncan when the axle broke after just three laps.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 38], "content_span": [39, 785]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073523-0011-0000", "contents": "1956 12 Hours of Sebring, Report, Race\nAfter 60 minutes, Hawthorn's D-Type still held the lead followed by Moss in his Aston Martin, Fangio and Musso in their Ferrari, Hamilton in another D-Type. As it would transpire, a close battle between the factory entered D-Types and the 860 Monzas, would ensue for almost eight hours, with the lead changing nine times, as a leader would pit and almost immediately give up it to  a competitor and then regain the lead when that car had to pit.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 38], "content_span": [39, 484]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073523-0012-0000", "contents": "1956 12 Hours of Sebring, Report, Race\nJust after the start of the third hour, the Maserati 300S of Mendit\u00e9guy, hit hay bales in the Esses and flipped. As a result, he suffered serious injuries with skull fractures and deep lacerations in the face and arm. After a short delay while he laid bleeding trackside, Mendit\u00e9guy was rushed to the American Red Cross mobile hospital. There, they stabilized him before transferring him to the Weems Hospital in Sebring. Meanwhile, he co-driver would transfer to the Behra/Taruffi 300S.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 38], "content_span": [39, 526]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073523-0013-0000", "contents": "1956 12 Hours of Sebring, Report, Race\nAround this time, Moss pitted and expressed his doubts that his car could last the distance. The mechanics did what they could and sent Collins out for his stint. Already the hot Florida day, the punishing pace and the rough Sebring track had taken their toll with seventeen cars having to be retired. At the head of the field, Hawthorn was leading from Behra, Fangio took up third, Collins fourth, with de Portago moving into fifth. For the next couple of hours, the lead changed several times between these drivers, with Shelby competing for a spot in the top five.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 38], "content_span": [39, 606]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073523-0014-0000", "contents": "1956 12 Hours of Sebring, Report, Race\nThe D-Type of Hamilton/Bueb suffered an exploded brake cylinder and retired, around the fifth hour mark, while the Aston Martin of Moss/Collins was parked out on course with a terminal gearbox problem.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 38], "content_span": [39, 240]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073523-0015-0000", "contents": "1956 12 Hours of Sebring, Report, Race\nAt the half-way point, the Hawthorn/Titteringham Jaguar was now back in the lead, when Fangio/Castellotti pitted. By now, more than a third of the field had retired. An hour later, Hawthorn was still leading, from Fangio, Musso, Spear and Portago, although Portago's Ferrari, with Kimberly driving, swallowed a valve and became the first Scuderia Ferrari to retire. A valve problem also took the D-Type of Spear and Sherwood Johnston out of the race. For the next four hours, the top three positions frequently changed between the Hawthorn/Titteringham Jaguar, the Fangio/Castellotti Ferrari and the Musso/Schell Ferrari.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 38], "content_span": [39, 660]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073523-0016-0000", "contents": "1956 12 Hours of Sebring, Report, Race\nFinally the pace was too much for the Hawthorn /Titterington Jaguar and it retired on lap 162 with just over ninety minutes to go in the race. Their D-Type had either led or was in second place for most of the race until the very last pit stop. When Hawthorn pulled into the pits for the last time the brakes were useless. They had locked up on him going into one of the turns and then stopped working. It seems that a brake piston gave way and he lost all brake fluid. The Jaguar mechanics worked on the car for more than fifteen minutes but by then it was too late. Having lost too many laps to the Ferrari of Fangio and Castellotti, they withdrew the car.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 38], "content_span": [39, 697]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073523-0017-0000", "contents": "1956 12 Hours of Sebring, Report, Race\nCastellotti began driving at a slower pace now that the Jaguar challenge was gone. He was determined that the car would finish, and started to lap slower than most of the remaining cars left in the race. However, he made sure not to slow down enough to give his team-mates Musso and Schell any chance of catching him. At 10pm, and after 12 hours of racing, Castellotti took the chequered flag, with his 860 Monza completing 194 laps, and a record distance of 1,008.8 miles, averaging a speed of 84.07\u00a0mph. This was the first time the thousand mile mark has been arching at the 12 Hours of Sebring.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 38], "content_span": [39, 636]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073523-0018-0000", "contents": "1956 12 Hours of Sebring, Report, Race\nComing home in second was the Scuderia Ferrari 860 Monza of Musso and Schell, having completed 192 laps. On their first trip to Sebring, Maranello scored the first one-two sweep ever by a manufacturer. The podium was complete by the Jaguar D-Type of Sweikert, co-driven by Jack Ensley, the American pairing salvaging some honour for the English marque. In fourth, and also a class winner was the Aston Martin of Salvadori and Shelby. Only 24 of the original 59 starters were there at the finish.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 38], "content_span": [39, 534]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073523-0019-0000", "contents": "1956 12 Hours of Sebring, Standings after the race\nChampionship points were awarded for the first six places in each race in the order of 8-6-4-3-2-1. Manufacturers were only awarded points for their highest finishing car with no points awarded for positions filled by additional cars. Only the best 3 results out of the 5 races could be retained by each manufacturer. Points earned but not counted towards the championship totals are listed within brackets in the above table.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 50], "content_span": [51, 477]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073524-0000-0000", "contents": "1956 24 Hours of Le Mans\nThe 1956 24 Hours of Le Mans was a race for Sports Cars, and took place on 28 and 29 July 1956 on the Circuit de la Sarthe. The race was won by Ron Flockhart and Ninian Sanderson driving a Jaguar D-Type for the new Ecurie Ecosse team. This race also marked the golden jubilee of the Automobile Club de l'Ouest (ACO) founded in 1906, however because of the previous year's terrible accident, celebrations were deferred to 1957 to go along with the imminent 25th anniversary of the race.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [24, 24], "content_span": [25, 510]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073524-0001-0000", "contents": "1956 24 Hours of Le Mans\nFollowing the events of 1955, the front stretch and pit lane were redesigned in order to enhance driver and spectator safety. This involved a change to the layout of the Dunlop curve, shortening the overall length of the track by 31 meters.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [24, 24], "content_span": [25, 265]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073524-0002-0000", "contents": "1956 24 Hours of Le Mans\nThis race saw the death of French driver Louis H\u00e9ry when his Monopole was involved in an accident early in the race.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [24, 24], "content_span": [25, 141]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073524-0003-0000", "contents": "1956 24 Hours of Le Mans, Regulations\nThe official enquiry into the 1955 Le Mans disaster found severe deficiencies in the track layout along the main straight and for quite some time there were serious concerns for the future of the race. However, the ACO took all the recommendations on board and was able to convince the French government for continuation. The extensive renovations cost FF300 million, moving 70000 cubic metres of earth and meant the race was delayed 7 weeks to the end of July.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 37], "content_span": [38, 499]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073524-0004-0000", "contents": "1956 24 Hours of Le Mans, Regulations\nThe pit straight was redesigned: it was widened by 13m (giving room for a deceleration lane), the small kink removed by straightening the approach, and the Dunlop curve realigned, steepened and eased, moving the Dunlop Bridge. This all had the effect of shortening the lap by 31 metres. The grandstand was demolished and rebuilt with new spectator terraces beyond a ditch between the track. The postwar pits were also torn down and a new 3-storey complex built giving more space for crews and with hospitality suites above (although there was still no barrier out to the racing line). This limited the number of starters to 52, down from 60.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 37], "content_span": [38, 679]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073524-0005-0000", "contents": "1956 24 Hours of Le Mans, Regulations\nElsewhere on the track, the Indianapolis and Maison Blanche corners were also widened and resurfaced, and a dangerous hump on the road after Arnage was removed. A new \u201csignalling pits\u201d was built just after the Mulsanne corner (in the same place Bentley had used 20 years earlier with a phone-link back to the pits) so as to reduce crew congestion and driver distraction on the critical pit straight area.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 37], "content_span": [38, 442]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073524-0006-0000", "contents": "1956 24 Hours of Le Mans, Regulations\nRegarding new regulations, the ACO also set a number of new restrictions with a view to limit maximum speeds. Prototypes were now given a maximum engine size of 2.5L. Production cars had to have 50 units \u201cbuilt, sold or provided for\u201d and were still unrestricted in engine capacity. These new limits put the ACO out of step with the FIA and hence the race was dropped from the 1956 World Sportscar Championship. Full -width windscreens, at least 200mm, high were also mandatory further trimming top-speed.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 37], "content_span": [38, 542]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073524-0006-0001", "contents": "1956 24 Hours of Le Mans, Regulations\nOther effects to encourage economy limited all fuel tanks to a maximum size of 130 litres, and the liquids replenishment (fuel, oil, water) window was extended again, from 32 to 34 laps (458\u00a0km / 284 miles) meaning a minimum practical fuel economy of 10.8mpg would be needed. Finally, drivers were now only allowed to do 72 consecutive laps and 14 hours in total.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 37], "content_span": [38, 401]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073524-0007-0000", "contents": "1956 24 Hours of Le Mans, Entries\nAlthough Mercedes-Benz and Cunningham had withdrawn from racing, there was still strong support from the car manufacturers and 14 sent works-entries.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 33], "content_span": [34, 183]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073524-0008-0000", "contents": "1956 24 Hours of Le Mans, Entries\nTo some surprise, Jaguar and Aston Martin were able to present cases to the ACO that their current cars qualified as production models. Jaguar brought three of its updated D-types (now 130\u00a0kg lighter and up to 275\u00a0bhp), the lead car of Mike Hawthorn / Ivor Bueb equipped with fuel-injection. Their other drivers were the experienced Jack Fairman and Ken Wharton, and Paul Fr\u00e8re with new team-member Desmond Titterington. The team arrived in red-hot form after a comprehensive 1-2-3-4 result at the Reims 12-hour race. The reliable ally, Equipe Nationale Belge, fielded a new production D-Type.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 33], "content_span": [34, 627]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073524-0008-0001", "contents": "1956 24 Hours of Le Mans, Entries\nIt also saw the arrival of Scotsman David Murray (racing driver)\u2019s new Ecurie Ecosse under team manager Walter \u201cWilkie\u201d Wilkinson. Murray's drivers were fellow-Scots Ron Flockhart and Ninian Sanderson, stepping up from the smaller classes. In the absence of the big Cunninghams and Talbots this year, the Jaguars had the S-5000 class to themselves.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 33], "content_span": [34, 382]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073524-0009-0000", "contents": "1956 24 Hours of Le Mans, Entries\nTwo true production cars, privately entered into the race, were a Jaguar XK140 and a gull-wing Mercedes-Benz 300SL.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 33], "content_span": [34, 149]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073524-0010-0000", "contents": "1956 24 Hours of Le Mans, Entries\nAston Martin returned with a pair of the DBR3S, nominally production models but allowed non-standard components. Again, a strong driver line-up was represented, including Stirling Moss (this year a Maserati F1 works driver, but who were not at Le Mans this year) with Peter Collins and Roy Salvadori with Peter Walker. The team, having abandoned its Lagonda project, instead arrived with its own new 2.5L prototype \u2013 the DBR1/250. Its smaller engine still managed to produce virtually the same power (212\u00a0bhp) as its big brothers. It was driven by F1 drivers Reg Parnell and Tony Brooks", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 33], "content_span": [34, 620]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073524-0011-0000", "contents": "1956 24 Hours of Le Mans, Entries\nFerrari, without the production facilities to compete with the British, instead had to create a new 2.5L \u2018prototype\u2019 for, essentially, the one-off duel at Le Mans. Engineer Vittorio Jano developed last year's 2.5L S-4 grand-prix engine and put it into a chassis adapted from the new 500 TR (the inaugural version of the \u201cTestarossa\u201d). Called the 625 LM, it gave 225\u00a0bhp giving a maximum speed of 230\u00a0km/h \u2013 10\u00a0km/h slower than the Jaguars.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 33], "content_span": [34, 473]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073524-0011-0001", "contents": "1956 24 Hours of Le Mans, Entries\nTeam drivers were race-winner Maurice Trintignant and Olivier Gendebien, Phil Hill and Andr\u00e9 Simon and Spanish noble 'Marquis' Alfonso de Portago with Duncan Hamilton (fired from Jaguar for ignoring team orders at the Rheims race once too often). Although the 2.0L V12 in the 500 TR was considered too weak by the factory to take on the Jaguars, there were three private-entries including a second car for the Equipe Nationale Belge.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 33], "content_span": [34, 467]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073524-0012-0000", "contents": "1956 24 Hours of Le Mans, Entries\nLike Ferrari, French manufacturers Gordini and Talbot could not produce enough to meet the ACO requirements and therefore would have to enter their cars as prototypes. Gordini had two 2.5L cars and a smaller car in the S-1500 category. The larger cars trialled different engines: one using the 2.5L Straight-8 in the Grand Prix cars, and the other a new, more powerful, Straight-6 version (giving about 230\u00a0bhp). Talbot, now in receivership and in a change of tack, had adapted the 2.5L grand-prix engine from the Maserati 250F to their new road-cars. Two cars were entered for Jean Behra with Louis Rosier and Jean Lucas with pre-war Maserati veteran Geoffredo \u201cFreddie\u201d Zehender.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 33], "content_span": [34, 715]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073524-0013-0000", "contents": "1956 24 Hours of Le Mans, Entries\nAfter their great success in the previous race, Porsche returned in force with new cars: a pair of 550A Coup\u00e9s and a 356 Carrera production model. The new car had famously recently beaten the bigger works Ferraris and Maseratis in the non-Championship Targa Florio. The factory also supported a further a pair of older, privately entered 550 RS spyders and a 356A. Competing in the S-1500 class were a pair of private Maseratis and Colin Chapman\u2019s Lotus 11 with the new FWB-Climax engine. His two other cars still used the smaller 1098cc FWA-Climax engine. The other entrants in the S-1100 class were Cooper\u2019s T39 using the same Climax engine, and a tiny French RB fitted with an OSCA 1093cc engine.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 33], "content_span": [34, 733]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073524-0014-0000", "contents": "1956 24 Hours of Le Mans, Entries\nFor once the smallest, S-750, class was not the preserve of the French. Italian manufacturers Stanguellini and Moretti both sent two-car entries, and OSCA a single car. They were up against a strong DB-works entry of four cars, and three Monopoles. Panhard had closed its racing department after the 1955 disaster and appointed Monopole, effectively as its works team.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 33], "content_span": [34, 402]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073524-0015-0000", "contents": "1956 24 Hours of Le Mans, Entries\nOver the flying kilometre on the Mulsanne straight, the following top speeds this year were recorded this year:", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 33], "content_span": [34, 145]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073524-0016-0000", "contents": "1956 24 Hours of Le Mans, Practice\nThis year there were only the two practice sessions assigned \u2013 on the Wednesday and Thursday. Hawthorn set the fastest lap of 4:16.0 early on. Titterington was barely 3 seconds slower but then he demolished his car in an accident, forcing the team to prepare the spare car for the race. The best Moss could do in the Aston Martin was a 4:27 Meanwhile, the team was also finding the fuel consumption of their prototype DBR1, easily the noisiest car in the field, was excessive and therefore needed to trim it back to be able to get through the race. Most of the other larger cars were also doing checks on their fuel consumption for the new regulations, and having to adjust their engine settings accordingly", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 34], "content_span": [35, 742]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073524-0017-0000", "contents": "1956 24 Hours of Le Mans, Practice\nAs a comparison, some of the lap-times recorded during practice were:", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 34], "content_span": [35, 104]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073524-0018-0000", "contents": "1956 24 Hours of Le Mans, Race, Start\nThe allure of the race was as great as ever and huge crowds returned, keen restore the traditional festive atmosphere. An immaculately observed minute's silence was held before the start of the race for the previous year's victims and a simple commemorative plaque unveiled.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 37], "content_span": [38, 312]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073524-0019-0000", "contents": "1956 24 Hours of Le Mans, Race, Start\nThe race started in light drizzle, making the new track surface treacherously greasy. As usual, Moss was lightning-quick and first off the line in his Aston Martin. Hawthorn's more powerful Jaguar blasted past him on the back straight and led at the end of the first lap. On lap three, Paul Fr\u00e8re got it sideways in the narrow Esses and spun his Jaguar. Fairman, close behind in the sister car, slammed on the brakes and also spun, then de Portago arrived unsighted and with nowhere to go broadsided Fairman.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 37], "content_span": [38, 546]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073524-0019-0001", "contents": "1956 24 Hours of Le Mans, Race, Start\nAll three cars got going again: Fr\u00e8re limped on but came to a halt on the Mulsanne straight. De Portago got a bit further but the Ferrari's oil cooler was smashed. Fairman got to the pits but the damage was too severe to repair. Ten minutes gone and three of the leading works entries were already eliminated. Hill's Ferrari barely managed to skate through his teammate's oil, but soon his clutch started to fail. More drama occurred minutes later when Hawthorn came in from the lead with an engine misfire. It was eventually traced to a hairline crack in a fuel line \u2013 the delay and repair cost an hour, and 21 laps, and dropped the remaining works Jaguar out of contention.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 37], "content_span": [38, 713]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073524-0020-0000", "contents": "1956 24 Hours of Le Mans, Race, Start\nBut worse had happened between these issues: Louis H\u00e9ry, local garage owner in his second Le Mans, crashed his private Monopole-Panhard heavily at Maison Blanche. The car rolled and tore itself apart. H\u00e9ry, critically injured, died in the ambulance en route to the hospital.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 37], "content_span": [38, 312]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073524-0021-0000", "contents": "1956 24 Hours of Le Mans, Race, Start\nOn lap 7, Flockhart used his superior speed to get his Ecosse Jaguar into the lead, but the veteran drivers Moss and Walker kept their Aston Martins in contact. After the first pit-stops and driver-changes Sanderson put the Ecosse Jaguar onto a more conservative race strategy and Collins took the lead in the 3rd hour as the rain got heavier. The two remaining works Ferraris moved up to 3rd and 4th when the Walker/Salvadori Aston was delayed by ignition problems. Yet again Gordini was quick and competitive \u2013 the T15 of Manzon and Guichet, with the 2.5L F1 engine, holding a solid 5th place, and its sister car a couple of places behind tussling with the Belgian Jaguar.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 37], "content_span": [38, 712]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073524-0022-0000", "contents": "1956 24 Hours of Le Mans, Race, Night\nBeing run a month later, the night was that bit longer and intermittent showers persisted through the night. Just before 10pm on the run from Maison Blanche to the pits Fernand Tavano's Testarossa went off the road, spun and hit the bank. Facing the opposite direction, his headlights blinded \u2019Helm\u2019 Gl\u00f6ckler whose Porsche Carrera ran straight into the Ferrari. Tavano was thrown clear by the heavy impact as his car was shoved into the roadside ditch, but the Porsche rolled and burst into flames. Gl\u00f6ckler was pulled out by rescuers with minor burns and a broken leg.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 37], "content_span": [38, 607]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073524-0023-0000", "contents": "1956 24 Hours of Le Mans, Race, Night\nBy midnight Sanderson had retaken the lead, yet as the track got damp again, the experience of the F1 racers showed and Moss & Collins retook the lead by 3am, with Gendebien/Trintignant third, four laps down. Hill/Simon running 4th, had been changing gears with no clutch until they were forced out with rear axle failure just before half-time. The remarkable Porsche 550s were running 5th and 6th. Near the end of the night though Maglioli's leading Porsche was slowed and eventually stopped by engine issues.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 37], "content_span": [38, 548]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073524-0023-0001", "contents": "1956 24 Hours of Le Mans, Race, Night\nThe prototype Aston Martin was surprising many, running in the top-10, and by the early hours of the morning had climbed up to 4th. Sadly for the partisan crowd, both Gordinis had fallen by the wayside with engine problems. In the small hours Cliff Allison\u2019s Lotus, doing 190\u00a0km/h, struck a dog chasing a rabbit on the Mulsanne Straight wrecking the radiator.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 37], "content_span": [38, 397]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073524-0024-0000", "contents": "1956 24 Hours of Le Mans, Race, Morning\nThe rain stopped for a while around dawn and that suited the bigger Jaguar, and they retook the lead and by 8am had built a 3-minute margin. Soon after dawn the last of the 2-litre class was out \u2013 the Ferrari of Jean Lucas, having got into the top-10, was disqualified for refuelling two laps too early. Around 7.30, in a sudden downpour, Peter Walker, running 8th, crashed heavily at the Dunlop bridge just after the pits.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 39], "content_span": [40, 463]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073524-0024-0001", "contents": "1956 24 Hours of Le Mans, Race, Morning\nThe car rolled and sat in the middle of the road but the driver was able to get out with just cuts, bruises and a broken finger. Later in the morning Moss and Collins lost their 2nd gear, limiting their chase and they gradually gave up ground. Around noon the Talbot of Behra/Rosier was stopped by a broken rear axle. They had barely kept up with the Aston Martin, Ferraris and Gordinis in its class, but through attrition, had been able to move up to 8th by the time they retired.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 39], "content_span": [40, 521]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073524-0025-0000", "contents": "1956 24 Hours of Le Mans, Race, Finish and post-race\nThe leading cars remained reliable and reached the finish, except the Aston Martin prototype which, having slipped to 7th with engine problems, broke its rear suspension in the final hour.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 52], "content_span": [53, 241]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073524-0026-0000", "contents": "1956 24 Hours of Le Mans, Race, Finish and post-race\nThe Ecosse Jaguar won by a lap from the Aston Martin. The Ferraris were never able to compete with the leaders but Gendebien/Trintignant came home third a further six laps back. Yet again the Belgian Jaguar had a good run, this time finishing 4th, fully 16 laps behind the winner. The leading Porsche of von Trips and von Frankenberg was 5th, just missing out on the Index of Performance, but finishing an enormous 37 laps ahead of the only other class-finisher: the privateer Maserati of Bourillot/Perroud in 9th. Having been driving up from the back of the field for 23 hours, Hawthorn and Bueb finished a commendable 6th place, with Hawthorn's determination getting him the race's fastest lap, albeit well down on the previous year.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 52], "content_span": [53, 788]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073524-0027-0000", "contents": "1956 24 Hours of Le Mans, Race, Finish and post-race\nThe rivalry between the Climax-engined kit-cars went the way of Lotus. Jopp and Bicknell had retaken the S-1100 lead around 11am after the Cooper of Americans Hugus and Bentley had held it for 12 hours, and finished just over a lap ahead with the cars finishing 7th and 8th overall. The DB works team did well again with three of their four cars finishing (in 10th, 11th and 12th overall), and taking the valuable Index of Performance prize", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 52], "content_span": [53, 493]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073524-0028-0000", "contents": "1956 24 Hours of Le Mans, Race, Finish and post-race\nA mere 13 finishers were classified (the lowest ratio of the decade), and given the wet conditions it was no surprise that there were 16 major accidents. It was a credit to the preparation and organisation of the fledgling Ecurie Ecosse team to win on its first attempt at Le Mans.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 52], "content_span": [53, 334]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073524-0029-0000", "contents": "1956 24 Hours of Le Mans, Race, Finish and post-race\nAlthough not one of the event's most exciting races it was, nevertheless, a testament to the dedication and tradition of the ACO that it was able to overcome the disaster of the 1955 race. This was the final race overseen by Charles Faroux, engineer and journalist, who was the co-founder of the race; he died the following February aged 74. Closely involved in international motor-racing administration he was also the race director for the Monaco Grand Prix.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 52], "content_span": [53, 513]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073524-0030-0000", "contents": "1956 24 Hours of Le Mans, Official results\nResults taken from Quentin Spurring's book, officially licensed by the ACO", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 42], "content_span": [43, 117]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073524-0031-0000", "contents": "1956 24 Hours of Le Mans, Statistics\nTaken from Quentin Spurring's book, officially licensed by the ACO", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 36], "content_span": [37, 103]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073525-0000-0000", "contents": "1956 A Group\nStatistics of Bulgarian A Football Group in the 1956 season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 12], "section_span": [12, 12], "content_span": [13, 73]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073525-0001-0000", "contents": "1956 A Group, Overview\nIt was contested by 12 teams, and CSKA Sofia won the championship.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 12], "section_span": [14, 22], "content_span": [23, 89]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073526-0000-0000", "contents": "1956 ACC Men's Basketball Tournament\nThe 1956 Atlantic Coast Conference Men's Basketball Tournament was held in Raleigh, North Carolina, at Reynolds Coliseum from March 1\u20133, 1956. NC State defeated Wake Forest, 76\u201364, to win the championship. Vic Molodet of NC State was named tournament MVP.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [36, 36], "content_span": [37, 292]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073527-0000-0000", "contents": "1956 AFC Asian Cup\nThe 1956 AFC Asian Cup was the first AFC Asian Cup, held every four years and organised by the Asian Football Confederation (AFC). The final tournament was held in Hong Kong from 1 September to 15 September 1956. It was won by South Korea.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 18], "section_span": [18, 18], "content_span": [19, 258]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073527-0001-0000", "contents": "1956 AFC Asian Cup, Goalscorers\nWith four goals, Nahum Stelmach is the top scorer in the tournament. In total, 27 goals were scored by 15 different players, with none of them credited as own goal.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 18], "section_span": [20, 31], "content_span": [32, 196]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073528-0000-0000", "contents": "1956 AFC Asian Cup qualification\nThe qualification for the 1956 AFC Asian Cup consisted of 19 teams separated in three zones. The winner of each zone would join hosts Hong Kong in the final tournament. Qualification was done on a two-legged format, home and away games.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [32, 32], "content_span": [33, 269]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073529-0000-0000", "contents": "1956 AFC Asian Cup squads\nSquads for the 1956 AFC Asian Cup played in Hong Kong.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [25, 25], "content_span": [26, 80]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073531-0000-0000", "contents": "1956 Air Force Falcons football team\nThe 1956 Air Force Falcons football team represented the United States Air Force Academy in the 1956 NCAA University Division football season. The Falcons did not have an official stadium during the season, and remained without one until the 1962 season when Falcon Stadium opened. Led by first-year head coach Buck Shaw, it was the second season for the football program. The Falcons were independent, and finished with a record of 6\u20132\u20131.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [36, 36], "content_span": [37, 476]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073532-0000-0000", "contents": "1956 Akron Zips football team\nThe 1956 Akron Zips football team was an American football team that represented the University of Akron in the Ohio Athletic Conference (OAC) during the 1956 NCAA College Division football season. In its third season under head coach Joe McMullen, the team compiled a 3\u20135\u20131 record (3\u20135\u20131 against OAC opponents) and outscored opponents by a total of 216 to 171. Jerry Reeves and John Williams the team captains. The team played its home games at the Rubber Bowl in Akron, Ohio.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [29, 29], "content_span": [30, 507]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073533-0000-0000", "contents": "1956 Alabama Crimson Tide football team\nThe 1956 Alabama Crimson Tide football team (variously \"Alabama\", \"UA\" or \"Bama\") represented the University of Alabama in the 1956 NCAA University Division football season. It was the Crimson Tide's 62nd overall and 23rd season as a member of the Southeastern Conference (SEC). The team was led by head coach Jennings B. Whitworth, in his second year, and played their home games at Denny Stadium in Tuscaloosa, Legion Field in Birmingham and at Ladd Stadium in Mobile, Alabama. They finished with a record of two wins, seven losses and one tie (2\u20137\u20131 overall, 2\u20135 in the SEC).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [39, 39], "content_span": [40, 618]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073533-0001-0000", "contents": "1956 Alabama Crimson Tide football team\nIn 1956 the Crimson Tide improved somewhat from the year before\u2014but not much. Alabama opened the season with four straight losses by a combined score of 99\u201326 to Rice, Vanderbilt, TCU and Tennessee. At this point, the all-time school record losing streak ran to 17 consecutive games, and the winless streak reached 20 games back to the 1954 season. Then against Mississippi State, Alabama won a game for the first time since October 16, 1954. The Tide scored with 2\u00bd minutes to go and kicked the extra point to beat Maroons 13\u201312. After a loss to Georgia Alabama managed a 13\u20137 victory over Tulane. They then closed the season with a 13\u201313 tie with Mississippi Southern between losses to Georgia Tech and  Auburn.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [39, 39], "content_span": [40, 753]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073533-0002-0000", "contents": "1956 Alabama Crimson Tide football team, Game summaries, Rice\nThe Crimson Tide opened the 1956 season with their 14th consecutive loss, while their opponent, the Rice Owls, ended their own seven-game losing streak with their 20\u201313 victory at Houston. The Owls scored the first touchdown of the game on their opening drive when Frank Ryan threw a 12-yard pass to Buddy Dial. Alabama responded in the final minute of the quarter with a one-yard Clay Walls touchdown run to tie the game at 7\u20137. Rice then took a 14\u20137 halftime lead after King Hill threw a 30-yard touchdown pass to Bobby Williams in the second quarter. After a 17-yard Donald Comstock touchdown run brought the Crimson Tide within a point of the Owls lead, Rice closed the game with an 18-yard Ryan touchdown pass to Dial in the fourth to win 20\u201313. The loss brought Alabama's all-time record against Rice to 0\u20133.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 61], "content_span": [62, 876]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073533-0003-0000", "contents": "1956 Alabama Crimson Tide football team, Game summaries, Vanderbilt\nIn their annual home game at Ladd Stadium, the Crimson Tide were defeated by the Vanderbilt Commodores 32\u20137 to open conference play. After a scoreless first quarter, the Commodores took a 13\u20130 halftime lead with second-quarter touchdowns scored on a short pass from Donald Orr to Gerald Hudson and later on a three-yard Danny McCall run. Hudson extended the Vandy lead to 19\u20130 with his three-yard touchdown run before the Crimson Tide scored their only points of the game on a one-yard Donald Comstock touchdown run that made the score 19\u20137. Vanderbilt then closed the game with a pair of touchdowns on runs of 25-yards by Phil King and three-yards by William Smith to win 32\u20137. The loss brought Alabama's all-time record against Vanderbilt to 18\u201316\u20131.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 67], "content_span": [68, 820]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073533-0004-0000", "contents": "1956 Alabama Crimson Tide football team, Game summaries, TCU\nFor the second consecutive season, Alabama played host to the Texas Christian University (TCU) Horned Frogs of the Southwest Conference, and for the second time in as many years lost 23\u20136. TCU took a 7\u20130 first quarter lead on a 46-yard Ken Wineburg touchdown run that capped an 81-yard drive. In the second quarter, the Frogs scored on an 11-yard Buddy Dike touchdown run and on a 21-yard Vernon Hallbeck field goal and took a 16\u20130 halftime lead. After a 41-yard Wineburg run in the third gave TCU a 23\u20130 lead, Alabama scored their lone points in the fourth on a 10-yard James Loftin touchdown run that made the final score 23\u20136. The loss brought Alabama's all-time record against TCU to 0\u20132.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 60], "content_span": [61, 753]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073533-0005-0000", "contents": "1956 Alabama Crimson Tide football team, Game summaries, Tennessee\nIn their annual rivalry game against Tennessee, Alabama was shut out for the second consecutive year by the Volunteers in a 24\u20130 loss in Knoxville. In the game, Tennessee scored a touchdown in all four quarters. The Vols took a 12\u20130 halftime lead after Tommy Bronson scored on a three-yard run in the first and Al Carter scored on a 44-yard run in the second. After Johnny Majors scored on a short run to open the third quarter, Carter scored the final touchdown of the game in the fourth quarter on a one-yard run that made the final score 24\u20130. The loss brought Alabama's all-time record against Tennessee to 18\u201315\u20135.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 66], "content_span": [67, 686]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073533-0006-0000", "contents": "1956 Alabama Crimson Tide football team, Game summaries, Mississippi State\nOn homecoming in Tuscaloosa, the Crimson Tide upset the Mississippi State Maroons 13\u201312 at Denny Stadium that ended both a 17-game losing streak that stretched back to the 1954 season and gave Whitworth his first victory as Crimson Tide head coach. The Maroons took a 12\u20130 first quarter lead on touchdown runs of two-yards by Frank Sabbatini and 22-yards by Billy Stacy. The Crimson Tide responded in the second quarter on a 46-yard Clay Walls touchdown pass to Jimmy Bowdoin that made the halftime score 12\u20136. After a scoreless third quarter, Walls tied the game 12\u201312 with his one-yard touchdown run in the fourth. The Pete Reeves extra point that followed gave Alabama the 13\u201312 victory and ended their 17-game losing streak. The victory improved Alabama's all-time record against Mississippi State to 29\u20139\u20133.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 74], "content_span": [75, 887]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073533-0007-0000", "contents": "1956 Alabama Crimson Tide football team, Game summaries, Georgia\nOne week after they won their first game in nearly two years, the Crimson Tide lost to the Georgia Bulldogs 16\u201313 at Legion Field. Alabama took a 7\u20130 lead into halftime after Charles Nelson scored on a one-yard touchdown run in the first quarter. After Georgia tied the game 7\u20137 in the third quarter on an 80-yard J. B. Davis punt return, they took a 10\u20137 lead early in the fourth quarter after Clenton Cooper kicked a 29-yard field goal. They extended their lead further to 16\u20137 after a short William Hearn touchdown run, before Alabama scored their final points on a 24-yard Marshall Brown touchdown run that made the final score 16\u201313. The loss brought Alabama's all-time record against Georgia to 21\u201317\u20134.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 64], "content_span": [65, 774]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073533-0008-0000", "contents": "1956 Alabama Crimson Tide football team, Game summaries, Tulane\nOn the road in New Orleans, the Crimson Tide won their second game of the season with this 13\u20137 victory over the Tulane Green Wave. After a scoreless first quarter, Alabama scored both of their touchdowns in the second quarter. Both were scored on one-yard runs, first from Donald Comstock and second from George Salem. After a scoreless third, Tulane made the final score 13\u20137 on a 29-yard Fred Wilcox touchdown pass to T. Eugene Newton. The victory improved Alabama's all-time record against Tulane to 17\u20138\u20132.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 63], "content_span": [64, 575]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073533-0009-0000", "contents": "1956 Alabama Crimson Tide football team, Game summaries, Georgia Tech\nAgainst Georgia Tech, Alabama was shut out, 27\u20130, by the Yellow Jackets at Grant Field. The loss brought Alabama's all-time record against Georgia Tech to 18\u201317\u20133.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 69], "content_span": [70, 233]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073533-0010-0000", "contents": "1956 Alabama Crimson Tide football team, Game summaries, Mississippi Southern\nIn their final non-conference game of the season, Alabama tied the Mississippi Southern Southerners 13\u201313 at Denny Stadium. After a scoreless first quarter, Bo Dickinson scored on a 38-yard touchdown run for Southern and then Bobby Smith threw a 52-yard touchdown pass to Donald Comstock for Alabama to tie the game 7\u20137 at halftime. In the third quarter, Smith threw a 15-yard touchdown pass to Comstock for the Crimson Tide and the Dickinson scored on a 37-yard touchdown run to again tie the game 13\u201313, which stood as the final score after a scoreless fourth quarter. The tie brought Alabama's all-time record against Mississippi Southern to 6\u20132\u20131.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 77], "content_span": [78, 729]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073533-0011-0000", "contents": "1956 Alabama Crimson Tide football team, Game summaries, Auburn\nAgainst the rival Auburn Tigers, Alabama lost 34\u20137 at Legion Field in the season finale. The loss brought Alabama's all-time record against Auburn to 9\u201311\u20131.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 63], "content_span": [64, 221]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073534-0000-0000", "contents": "1956 Albanian National Championship\nThe 1956 Albanian National Championship was the nineteenth season of the Albanian National Championship, the top professional league for association football clubs, since its establishment in 1930.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [35, 35], "content_span": [36, 233]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073534-0001-0000", "contents": "1956 Albanian National Championship, Overview\nIt was contested by 9 teams, and Dinamo Tirana won the championship.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 45], "content_span": [46, 114]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073535-0000-0000", "contents": "1956 All England Badminton Championships\nThe 1956 All England Championships was a badminton tournament held at the Empress Hall, Earls Court, London, England, from 14 to 17 March 1956.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [40, 40], "content_span": [41, 184]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073535-0001-0000", "contents": "1956 All England Badminton Championships, Final results\nBoth June White and Irish Cooley married and competed under their married names of June Timperley and Iris Rogers.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [42, 55], "content_span": [56, 170]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073536-0000-0000", "contents": "1956 All-Atlantic Coast Conference football team\nThe 1956 All-Atlantic Coast Conference football team consists of American football players chosen by various selectors for their All-Atlantic Coast Conference (\"ACC\") teams for the 1956 NCAA University Division football season. Selectors in 1956 included the Associated Press (AP) and United Press (UP). Players named to the first team by both the AP and UP are listed below in bold.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 48], "section_span": [48, 48], "content_span": [49, 432]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073537-0000-0000", "contents": "1956 All-Big Seven Conference football team\nThe 1956 All-Big Seven Conference football team consists of American football players chosen by various organizations for All-Big Seven Conference teams for the 1956 NCAA University Division football season. The selectors for the 1956 season included the Associated Press (AP) and the United Press (UP). Players selected as first-team players by both the AP and UP are designated in bold.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 43], "section_span": [43, 43], "content_span": [44, 432]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073538-0000-0000", "contents": "1956 All-Big Ten Conference football team\nThe 1956 All-Big Ten Conference football team consists of American football players chosen by various organizations to the All-Big Ten Conference teams for the 1956 Big Ten Conference football season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 41], "section_span": [41, 41], "content_span": [42, 242]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073539-0000-0000", "contents": "1956 All-Ireland Minor Football Championship\nThe 1956 All-Ireland Minor Football Championship was the 25th staging of the All-Ireland Minor Football Championship, the Gaelic Athletic Association's premier inter-county Gaelic football tournament for boys under the age of 18.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [44, 44], "content_span": [45, 274]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073539-0001-0000", "contents": "1956 All-Ireland Minor Football Championship\nOn 7 October 1956, Dublin won the championship following a 5-14 to 2-2 defeat of Leitrim in the All-Ireland final. This was their fifth All-Ireland title overall and their third in succession.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [44, 44], "content_span": [45, 237]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073540-0000-0000", "contents": "1956 All-Ireland Minor Hurling Championship\nThe 1956 All-Ireland Minor Hurling Championship was the 26th staging of the All-Ireland Minor Hurling Championship since its establishment by the Gaelic Athletic Association in 1928.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 43], "section_span": [43, 43], "content_span": [44, 226]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073540-0001-0000", "contents": "1956 All-Ireland Minor Hurling Championship\nOn 23 September 1956, Tipperary won the championship following a 4-16 to 1-5 defeat of Kilkenny in the All-Ireland final. This was their second All-Ireland title in-a-row and their tenth title overall.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 43], "section_span": [43, 43], "content_span": [44, 245]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073541-0000-0000", "contents": "1956 All-Ireland Senior Camogie Championship\nThe 1956 All-Ireland Senior Camogie Championship was the high point of the 1956 season in Camogie. The championship was won by Antrim who defeated Cork by a four-point margin in the final, having created a major surprise by defeating serial champions Dublin in the semi-final,  and interrupting what would otherwise have been a run of 19 championships in a row by Dublin. The championship featured what were reportedly two of the best camogie matches in the history of the game in its 12-a-side phase, the final and the semi-final between Antrim and Dublin.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [44, 44], "content_span": [45, 602]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073541-0001-0000", "contents": "1956 All-Ireland Senior Camogie Championship, Structure\nMayo refused to play Cork in the All-Ireland semi-final because of concerns about the polio outbreak there. The semi-final between Dublin and Antrim prevented a run of 19 Al Ireland finals in succession for Dublin. Maeve Gilroy scored 2-2 and Grace Connolly two goals, Mairead Rainey and Marian Kearns a goal each in Antrim\u2019s 6-2 to 6-1 victory. The Irish News described it as", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [46, 55], "content_span": [56, 432]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073541-0002-0000", "contents": "1956 All-Ireland Senior Camogie Championship, Structure\n\u201cwhat was generally voted the greatest camogie game ever played in Ulster. The game was characterised by spates of clever play on both side, with Dublin on the whole the more finished in accurate ground and overhead stickwork. At the three quarter stage they led 5-0 to 4-2 only to fall two points behind when Antrim scored their fifth goal. Dublin however regained the lead with their sixth goal a few minutes later. In a great rally, amid tense excitement, the Ulster champions fought back with great determination for Ita O\u2019Reilly to place Marian Kearns, who crashed home what proved to the match winning goal with a magnificent cross-shot, which caught the Dublin defence out of position and their goalkeeper unsighted.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [46, 55], "content_span": [56, 779]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073541-0003-0000", "contents": "1956 All-Ireland Senior Camogie Championship, Final\nTeresa Kearns, the 14-year-old Antrim goalkeeper from Cloughmills, made a huge contribution to victory, stopping an array of shots from the Cork attack, including a memorable save from Noreen Duggan. Mitchel Cogley wrote in the Irish Independent", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [46, 51], "content_span": [52, 297]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073541-0004-0000", "contents": "1956 All-Ireland Senior Camogie Championship, Final\nThe youngest player on the field made probably the most significant contribution to Antrim\u2019s victory. This was the 14-tyear-old Theresa Kearns, who with Antrim leading 4-3 to 4-2 and Cork pressing desperately, brought off a save from star Cork forward Noreen Duggan which equaled that of Art Foley from Christy Ring the previous week. The parallel went further for, from this escape, Antrim swept away for their fifth goal, which lcinched the issue and brought the title up north. There was nothing between two teams in fleetness of foot, skilful stickwork and length of striking, but Antrim\u2019s defence was the sounder under heavy pressure and the positional play of the forwards was better than that of the Cork girls.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [46, 51], "content_span": [52, 770]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073542-0000-0000", "contents": "1956 All-Ireland Senior Camogie Championship Final\nThe 1956 All-Ireland Senior Camogie Championship Final was the 25th All-Ireland Final and the deciding match of the 1956 All-Ireland Senior Camogie Championship, an inter-county camogie tournament for the top teams in Ireland.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 50], "section_span": [50, 50], "content_span": [51, 277]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073542-0001-0000", "contents": "1956 All-Ireland Senior Camogie Championship Final\nAntrim had ended Dublin's eight-year win streak and so were favourites to take the All-Ireland title. They led 4-3 to 4-2 near the end when Antrim's goalkeeper Teresa Kearns made a brilliant save, and the Glenswomen rushed down the field to score a fifth goal and secure victory.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 50], "section_span": [50, 50], "content_span": [51, 330]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073543-0000-0000", "contents": "1956 All-Ireland Senior Football Championship\nThe 1956 All-Ireland Senior Football Championship was played from May to October, 1956. Galway were the winners, defeating Cork in the final.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 45], "section_span": [45, 45], "content_span": [46, 187]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073544-0000-0000", "contents": "1956 All-Ireland Senior Football Championship Final\nThe 1956 All-Ireland Senior Football Championship final was a Gaelic football match played at Croke Park on 7 October 1956 to determine the winners of the 1956 All-Ireland Senior Football Championship, the 70th season of the All-Ireland Senior Football Championship. The  tournament was organised by the Gaelic Athletic Association for the champions of the four provinces of Ireland. The final was contested by Cork of Munster and Galway of Connacht, with Galway winning by 2\u201313 to 3\u20137.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 51], "section_span": [51, 51], "content_span": [52, 538]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073544-0001-0000", "contents": "1956 All-Ireland Senior Football Championship Final\nThe All-Ireland final between Galway and Cork was their first championship meeting since the 1945 All-Ireland semi-final when Cork triumphed by 2\u201312 to 2\u20138. An outbreak of polio in Cork led to the game, like its hurling counterpart the previous month, being postponed by the Central Council of the GAA following a request from public health officials in Dublin, who were worried by the prospect of large numbers of Cork people descending on the city.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 51], "section_span": [51, 51], "content_span": [52, 502]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073544-0002-0000", "contents": "1956 All-Ireland Senior Football Championship Final\nThe game itself was described as one of the best finals yet. After some end to end action, Gerry Kirwan pointed for Galway, then Frank Stockwell punched the ball over the bar for another. A few minutes later Stockwell soloed through the defence and pointed again. Cork levelled the score but then Se\u00e1n Purcell took a sideline kick and floated the ball into the square. Billy O'Neill jumped high and palmed the ball to Stockwell who was running towards goal, and he forced the ball into the net.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 51], "section_span": [51, 51], "content_span": [52, 546]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073544-0002-0001", "contents": "1956 All-Ireland Senior Football Championship Final\nAgain Cork fought back to get within a point of Galway, but then Purcell received a pass from Jackie Coyle out on the wing. As soon as he saw this Frank Stockwell was off and running, leaving his marker behind. Purcell expertly flighted the ball into his hands and he buried it in the net. By half time Galway were leading by 2\u20136 to 0\u20136.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 51], "section_span": [51, 51], "content_span": [52, 389]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073544-0003-0000", "contents": "1956 All-Ireland Senior Football Championship Final\nGalway went eight points clear before Cork staged one of the most remarkable comebacks in All-Ireland final history. Two quick goals from Johnny Creedon and Denis \"Toots\" Kelleher put them right back in contention. Galway then scored two points but Cork got a third goal from Kelleher which left them just a point behind, however, Galway fought back. First Purcell pointed a free, and then seconds later took a sideline kick and, with great accuracy, found Stockwell who swivelled around and put the ball over the bar.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 51], "section_span": [51, 51], "content_span": [52, 570]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073544-0004-0000", "contents": "1956 All-Ireland Senior Football Championship Final\nGalway's All-Ireland victory was their first since 1938. The win gave them their fourth All-Ireland title over all and put them joint fifth on the all-time roll of honour along with Kildare and Tipperary.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 51], "section_span": [51, 51], "content_span": [52, 256]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073544-0005-0000", "contents": "1956 All-Ireland Senior Football Championship Final\nCork's All-Ireland defeat was their first since 1907. Defeat at the hands of Galway was the first of back-to-back All-Ireland defeats for Cork.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 51], "section_span": [51, 51], "content_span": [52, 195]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073544-0006-0000", "contents": "1956 All-Ireland Senior Football Championship Final\nFor Billy O'Neill the victory was bittersweet. Although playing for Galway he was a native of Carrigtwohill, County Cork and claimed a winners' medal at the expense of his own county.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 51], "section_span": [51, 51], "content_span": [52, 235]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073544-0007-0000", "contents": "1956 All-Ireland Senior Football Championship Final\nDue to the similarity of the colour of their jerseys a change was necessary. Galway wore the all white strip of Connacht while Cork wore the blue of Munster.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 51], "section_span": [51, 51], "content_span": [52, 209]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073545-0000-0000", "contents": "1956 All-Ireland Senior Hurling Championship\nThe 1956 All-Ireland Senior Hurling Championship was the 70th staging of the All-Ireland hurling championship since its establishment by the Gaelic Athletic Association in 1887. The championship began on 22 April 1956 and ended on 23 September 1956.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [44, 44], "content_span": [45, 294]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073545-0001-0000", "contents": "1956 All-Ireland Senior Hurling Championship\nWexford were the defending champions, and retained their All-Ireland crown following a 2-14 to 2-8 defeat of Cork.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [44, 44], "content_span": [45, 159]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073545-0002-0000", "contents": "1956 All-Ireland Senior Hurling Championship, Teams\nA total of thirteen teams contested the championship, a reduction of one on the previous championship. Wicklow withdrew and did not field a team in the Leinster Senior Hurling Championship.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [46, 51], "content_span": [52, 241]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073546-0000-0000", "contents": "1956 All-Ireland Senior Hurling Championship Final\nThe 1956 All-Ireland Senior Hurling Championship Final was the 69th All-Ireland Final and the culmination of the 1956 All-Ireland Senior Hurling Championship, an inter-county hurling tournament for the top teams in Ireland. The match was held at Croke Park, Dublin, on 23 September 1956, between Cork and Wexford. The Munster champions lost to their Leinster opponents on a score line of 2-14 to 2-8.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 50], "section_span": [50, 50], "content_span": [51, 451]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073546-0001-0000", "contents": "1956 All-Ireland Senior Hurling Championship Final\nWith 83,096 spectators present, this game has the second highest attendance of any hurling final since 1887. The final was delayed for a number of weeks because of an outbreak of polio in Cork.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 50], "section_span": [50, 50], "content_span": [51, 244]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073546-0002-0000", "contents": "1956 All-Ireland Senior Hurling Championship Final, All-Ireland final, Overview\nSunday 23 September was the date of the 1956 All-Ireland senior hurling final between Cork and Wexford. The game was postponed by three weeks due an outbreak of polio across Munster. Cork were appearing in their fourth championship decider in five years, having won the previous three finals. Wexford last appeared in the championship decider in 1955 when they defeated Galway to capture their second All-Ireland title ever. Cork and Wexford last met in the All-Ireland final in 1954 with Cork taking the spoils on that occasion.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 50], "section_span": [52, 79], "content_span": [80, 609]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073546-0003-0000", "contents": "1956 All-Ireland Senior Hurling Championship Final, All-Ireland final, Overview\nOnce again a huge crowd of 83,096 turned out in Croke Park to see another eagerly anticipated All-Ireland hurling final between these two great teams. While the attendance was marginally smaller than these sides last encounter the interest was just as great. Christy Ring was going for his ninth All-Ireland winners\u2019 medal while Wexford were seeking the ultimate endorsement of greatness: victory over Cork in an All-Ireland final and second championship in-a-row.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 50], "section_span": [52, 79], "content_span": [80, 544]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073546-0004-0000", "contents": "1956 All-Ireland Senior Hurling Championship Final, All-Ireland final, Match report\nAt 3:15pm the sliothar was thrown-in and the game began in earnest. Cork got off to a bad start with a point by Tim Flood and a goal by Padge Kehoe giving Wexford a strong lead after just three minutes. Cork\u2019s fortunes failed to turn when Tony O'Shaughnessy was forced to retire early with a head injury while Vincy Twomey came on as the substitute. Three points by Christy Ring and one each by Mick Regan and \u00c9amonn Goulding kept Cork within striking distance at the interval.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 50], "section_span": [52, 83], "content_span": [84, 561]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073546-0004-0001", "contents": "1956 All-Ireland Senior Hurling Championship Final, All-Ireland final, Match report\nWexford could have been in real trouble in the first half but for the quick thinking of Mick Morrissey who swept the sliothar away from the goal line deny Cork an almost certain goal. Tim Flood, Nicky Rackard, Martin Codd and Tom Dixon chipped in with further points for Wexford to ensure a 1-6 to 0-5 lead at half-time.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 50], "section_span": [52, 83], "content_span": [84, 404]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073546-0005-0000", "contents": "1956 All-Ireland Senior Hurling Championship Final, All-Ireland final, Match report\nIn the dressing room at half-time the Cork selectors toyed with the idea of reintroducing Tony O\u2019Shaughnessy while also moving Willie John Daly up to the attack where he could be more effective. This plan was rejected and Cork made no changes at the break. Wexford were much better immediately after the restart with the Rackard brothers, Nicky and Bobby, converting two more frees. Martin Codd had Wexford seven points ahead shortly afterwards when Martin Codd sent the sliothar between he posts after a lively solo run.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 50], "section_span": [52, 83], "content_span": [84, 605]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073546-0005-0001", "contents": "1956 All-Ireland Senior Hurling Championship Final, All-Ireland final, Match report\nJust when it looked as if the game was running away from Cork Christy Ring stood up to take a close-in free. He had only one thing on his mind as the sliothar ended up being rifled into the Wexford net for a goal. Immediately after the puck-out Ring went on the attack again, racing through the Wexford defence before sending a left-handed shot over the crossbar for another point. These scores lifted Cork, however, Padge Kehoe fought back with a fine point before Paddy Barry responded with an even finer score that went straight between the posts.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 50], "section_span": [52, 83], "content_span": [84, 634]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073546-0005-0002", "contents": "1956 All-Ireland Senior Hurling Championship Final, All-Ireland final, Match report\nCork were definitely on the way up after these scores. Terry Kelly sent the sliothar in towards the goal mouth and it was promptly gobbled up by Paddy Barry. The Sarsfields hurler headed toward goalkeeper Art Foley and there was no mistake in sending the sliothar straight into the net. Cork had taken a remarkable lead as the red and white flags and bunting popped up all over the stadium. Soon afterwards the sliothar came to Ring who busted through the defence once again.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 50], "section_span": [52, 83], "content_span": [84, 559]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073546-0005-0003", "contents": "1956 All-Ireland Senior Hurling Championship Final, All-Ireland final, Match report\nAlthough hindered by Bobby Rackard he was still able to palm the sliothar over the crossbar to give Cork a one-point lead with ten minutes left to play. The Wexford men, who were in the same position two years earlier steadied themselves and began the fight back. The play moved to the other end of the field and Nicky Rackard made no mistake in scoring the equalizer within a minute of Ring\u2019s point. The Cork defence was under severe trouble and conceded two frees which Rackard promptly converted. Wexford had a two-point cushion once again.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 50], "section_span": [52, 83], "content_span": [84, 627]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073546-0006-0000", "contents": "1956 All-Ireland Senior Hurling Championship Final, All-Ireland final, Final moments\nThe decisive passage of play came with three minutes to go. In the blink of an eye the play switched to the Cork attackers as Christy Ring caught the sliothar in the left full-forward position. He made a dash across the goalmouth shouldering his team mate Paddy Barry out of the way en route. Ring sent in a shot towards the net but Art Foley blocked it, deflected it into his hand and cleared it down the field. A whole host of legends have developed about the save that has gone down in history as one of the most important in the history of the championship. Michael O'Hehir, commentating live on Radio \u00c9ireann, described it as follows:", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 50], "section_span": [52, 84], "content_span": [85, 724]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073546-0007-0000", "contents": "1956 All-Ireland Senior Hurling Championship Final, All-Ireland final, Final moments\nMoments later, following another intervention by Foley, Wexford struck for their second goal. The sliothar was moved up the field where it was caught by Tom Ryan. Ryan passed the sliothar to Nicky Rackard who made no mistake in sending it into the Cork net past goalkeeper Mick Cashman. This score, which clinched the game for Wexford, was quickly followed by the final score of the game, a point for Wexford by Tom Dixon. This passage of play was described by O'Hehir as follows:", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 50], "section_span": [52, 84], "content_span": [85, 565]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073546-0008-0000", "contents": "1956 All-Ireland Senior Hurling Championship Final, All-Ireland final, Final moments\nA score line of 2-14 to 2-8 gave victory to Wexford and a first-ever defeat over Cork. When the final whistle was sounded the huge crowd at Croke Park witnessed an unprecedented display of sportsmanship as an exuberant Nick O\u2019Donnell, a shy and soft-spoken farmer, planted a large kiss on Ring\u2019s cheek. He then helped Bobby Rackard and Art Foley to carry Ring shoulder-high off the pitch. Wexford had won the game but there was no doubt in their minds that Ring was the hurling hero of the hour.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 50], "section_span": [52, 84], "content_span": [85, 580]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073547-0000-0000", "contents": "1956 All-Pacific Coast football team\nThe 1956 All-Pacific Coast Conference football team consists of American football players chosen by various organizations for All-Pacific Coast teams for the 1956 NCAA University Division football season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [36, 36], "content_span": [37, 241]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073547-0001-0000", "contents": "1956 All-Pacific Coast football team, Key\nAP = Associated Press, with newsmen and sportscasters making the selections", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 41], "content_span": [42, 117]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073548-0000-0000", "contents": "1956 All-Pro Team\nThe Associated Press (AP), Newspaper Enterprise Association (NEA), New York Daily News (NYDN), The Sporting News (SN), and United Press (UP) were among selectors of All-Pro teams comprising players adjudged to be the best at each position in the National Football League (NFL) during the 1956 NFL season. The AP, NEA, NYDN, and UPI selected a first and second team.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [17, 17], "content_span": [18, 383]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073549-0000-0000", "contents": "1956 All-SEC football team\nThe 1956 All-SEC football team consists of American football players selected to the All-Southeastern Conference (SEC) chosen by various selectors for the 1956 NCAA University Division football season. Tennessee won the conference.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [26, 26], "content_span": [27, 258]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073549-0001-0000", "contents": "1956 All-SEC football team, Key\nBold = Consensus first-team selection by both AP and UP", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [28, 31], "content_span": [32, 87]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073550-0000-0000", "contents": "1956 All-Southwest Conference football team\nThe 1956 All-Southwest Conference football team consists of American football players chosen by various organizations for All-Southwest Conference teams for the 1956 NCAA University Division football season. The selectors for the 1956 season included the United Press (UP).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 43], "section_span": [43, 43], "content_span": [44, 317]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073550-0001-0000", "contents": "1956 All-Southwest Conference football team, Key\nBold = Consensus first-team selection of both the AP and UP", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 43], "section_span": [45, 48], "content_span": [49, 108]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073551-0000-0000", "contents": "1956 Allan Cup\nThe 1956 Allan Cup was the Canadian national senior ice hockey championship for the 1955-56 Senior \"A\" season. The event was hosted by the Vernon Canadians and Vernon, Kelowna, and Kamloops, British Columbia. The 1956 playoff marked the 48th time that the Allan Cup has been awarded.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [14, 14], "content_span": [15, 298]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073552-0000-0000", "contents": "1956 Amorgos earthquake\nThe 1956 Amorgos earthquake occurred at 03:11 UTC on July 9. It had a magnitude of 7.7 on the moment magnitude scale and a maximum perceived intensity of IX on the Mercalli intensity scale. The epicentre was to the south of the island of Amorgos, the easternmost island of the Cyclades in the Aegean Sea. There was significant damage on Amorgos and the neighbouring island of Santorini. It was the largest earthquake in Greece in the 20th century. It was followed 13 minutes later by a magnitude 7.2 earthquake near Santorini. It triggered a major tsunami with a maximum run-up of 30 m. The combined effects of the earthquake shaking and the tsunami caused the deaths of 53 people with a further 100 injured.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [23, 23], "content_span": [24, 732]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073552-0001-0000", "contents": "1956 Amorgos earthquake, Tectonic setting\nThe Cyclades island group lies within a zone of extensional tectonics in the Aegean Sea Plate, between the South Aegean Volcanic Arc to the south and the continuation of the North Anatolian Fault to the north. The extension is a result of the bulging out of the Hellenic arc due to flat-slab subduction of the African Plate.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 41], "content_span": [42, 366]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073552-0002-0000", "contents": "1956 Amorgos earthquake, Earthquake\nThe earthquake's focal mechanism is consistent with normal faulting, trending SW-NE. From the distribution of aftershocks, it is possible to discriminate between the two nodal planes implied by the focal mechanism, indicating that the fault plane dips to the southeast at about 25\u00b0. The rupture area is estimated to be about 110\u00a0km along strike and 26\u00a0km in depth, extending into the upper mantle.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 35], "content_span": [36, 433]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073552-0003-0000", "contents": "1956 Amorgos earthquake, Tsunami\nThe tsunami affected a large part of the Aegean Sea. The variable distribution of the observed run-ups, combined with inconsistent timing of the wave arrivals at different locations, suggest that earthquake-triggered underwater landslides were the main cause of the observed tsunami.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 32], "content_span": [33, 316]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073552-0004-0000", "contents": "1956 Amorgos earthquake, Damage\nDamage was severe, particularly on Santorini. The earthquake demolished 529 houses and left many others damaged. Fifty-three people were killed as a result of the earthquake, with another three killed by the associated tsunami.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 31], "content_span": [32, 259]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073553-0000-0000", "contents": "1956 Anjar earthquake\nThe  1956 Anjar earthquake occurred at 15:32 UTC on 21 July, causing maximum damage in town of Anjar in Kutch, Gujarat, India. It had an estimated magnitude of 6.1 on the surface wave magnitude scale and a maximum perceived intensity of IX on the Mercalli intensity scale.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [21, 21], "content_span": [22, 294]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073553-0001-0000", "contents": "1956 Anjar earthquake, Earthquake\nThe epicenter of earthquake of 21 July 1956 was at somewhere between Anjar and Bhadresar, very close to that of 1819 Kutch earthquake, between 50 and 120\u00a0km away depending on the epicentral location chosen for the earlier event. It caused considerable damage and casualties, especially in and around town of Anjar, India. The area of maximum damage was of 2000\u00a0km2 and radius of perceptibility was 300\u00a0km. The cause of earthquake was reverse faulting, similar to that which caused the 1819 Rann of Kutch earthquake.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [23, 33], "content_span": [34, 549]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073553-0002-0000", "contents": "1956 Anjar earthquake, Damage\nThe town of Anjar and the Taluka of Anjar were the most affected region with 2000 houses damaged, of which half of them were in Anjar town alone. The other towns affected were Bhuj, Kera, Bhachau, Gandhidham and port town of Kandla. At least 115 people were reported to have died and casualties numbered to 254 as per government records. It was estimated that more than 3,000 houses in 25 villages developed huge cracks, losses ran up to \u20b910\u00a0million.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [23, 29], "content_span": [30, 480]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073553-0002-0001", "contents": "1956 Anjar earthquake, Damage\nSuch devastation wreaked by the quake made it one of the worst calamity to hit Kutch in the past 100 years. More than 8,000 people migrated from the district a few days after the quake. The earthquake was followed by heavy rains, which added to the misery of thousands living in temporary camps.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [23, 29], "content_span": [30, 325]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073553-0003-0000", "contents": "1956 Anjar earthquake, Damage\nAnjar, which is a historic town and very congested in the old parts was largely destroyed in this earthquake of 1956. Later, new houses were raised on old foundations, and in due course of time also the new township of Naya Anjar or New Anjar township was founded after this earthquake for rehabilitation purpose. The railway track near Anjar was damaged as the earth gave way over a length of nearly 50 feet, however, other major railway lines, roads, bridges, culverts, were not affected by this earthquake.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [23, 29], "content_span": [30, 539]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073553-0004-0000", "contents": "1956 Anjar earthquake, Other events\nThe next major earthquake in the region was of 26 January 2001, which again was due to a similar style of faulting as the 1819 earthquake.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [23, 35], "content_span": [36, 174]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073554-0000-0000", "contents": "1956 Antiguan general election\nGeneral elections were held in Antigua and Barbuda on 1 November 1956. The Antigua Labour Party retained all 8 seats and the party's leader Vere Bird became Minister of Trade and Production after a ministerial system of government was established. Voter turnout was 57.0%.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [30, 30], "content_span": [31, 303]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073555-0000-0000", "contents": "1956 Argentine Grand Prix\nThe 1956 Argentine Grand Prix was a Formula One motor race held on 22 January 1956 at Buenos Aires. It was race 1 of  8 in the 1956 World Championship of Drivers.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [25, 25], "content_span": [26, 188]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073555-0001-0000", "contents": "1956 Argentine Grand Prix\nWith the withdrawal of Mercedes from Formula One, Fangio and Moss would begin the season with new teams. Fangio would join Ferrari while Moss would lead the Maserati team. The grid at Argentina was completely composed of Italian cars. Ferrari and Maserati showed up with five cars each. The other three cars were Maseratis: two private entries and Hawthorn for the B.R.M. team.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [25, 25], "content_span": [26, 403]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073555-0002-0000", "contents": "1956 Argentine Grand Prix\nFerrari dominated practice and occupied the first three grid positions with Fangio's pole time 2.2 sec faster than second. However, Maserati dominated the early race with Menditeguy and Moss leading the field. Fangio was a non factor with a faulty fuel pump. He took over Musso's car on lap 29 and re-entered in fifth place. Fangio quickly passed Behra but lost his position after spinning. From laps 40-43 disaster struck the leaders. While third Castellotti's gearbox broke, Menditguy left the lead with a broken driveshaft, and new leader Moss's engine began to smoke.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [25, 25], "content_span": [26, 597]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073555-0002-0001", "contents": "1956 Argentine Grand Prix\nFangio, who had overtaken Behra, passed the ailing Moss on lap 66 and finished unchallenged after Behra spun late. The race was not without controversy when the Maserati team manager lodged a protest that Fangio was push-started after the earlier spin. However, the protest was rejected by both the stewards and the F.I.A.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [25, 25], "content_span": [26, 348]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073556-0000-0000", "contents": "1956 Argentine Primera Divisi\u00f3n\nThe 1956 Argentine Primera Divisi\u00f3n was the 65th season of top-flight football in Argentina. The season began on April 15 and ended on December 2.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [31, 31], "content_span": [32, 178]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073557-0000-0000", "contents": "1956 Argus Trophy\nThe 1956 Argus Trophy was a Formula Libre motor race held at the Albert Park Circuit in Victoria, Australia on 18 March 1956. The race was contested over 48 laps, a total distance of 150 miles. It was staged by the Light Car Club of Australia  as the feature event on the second Sunday of the two-day \"Moomba Meeting\", which was held with the co-operation of the Moomba Festival organisers.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [17, 17], "content_span": [18, 408]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073557-0001-0000", "contents": "1956 Argus Trophy\nThe race was won by Reg Hunt driving a Maserati 250F.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [17, 17], "content_span": [18, 71]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073558-0000-0000", "contents": "1956 Arizona State Sun Devils football team\nThe 1956 Arizona State Sun Devils football team was an American football team that represented Arizona State College (later renamed Arizona State University) in the Border Conference during the 1956 NCAA University Division football season. In their second season under head coach Dan Devine, the Sun Devils compiled a 9\u20131 record (3\u20131 against Border opponents) and outscored their opponents by a combined total of 306 to 83.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 43], "section_span": [43, 43], "content_span": [44, 468]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073558-0001-0000", "contents": "1956 Arizona State Sun Devils football team\nThe team's statistical leaders included Dave Graybill with 58 passing yards, Bobby Mulgado with 721 rushing yards, and Gene Mitcham with 256 receiving yards.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 43], "section_span": [43, 43], "content_span": [44, 201]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073559-0000-0000", "contents": "1956 Arizona State\u2013Flagstaff Lumberjacks football team\nThe 1956 Arizona State\u2013Flagstaff Lumberjacks football team was an American football team that represented Arizona State College at Flagstaff (now known as Northern Arizona University) in the Frontier Conference during the 1956 NAIA football season. In their first year under head coach Max Spilsbury, the Lumberjacks compiled an 8\u20132 record (3\u20130 against conference opponents), won the Frontier Conference championship, and outscored opponents by a total of 311 to 93.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 54], "section_span": [54, 54], "content_span": [55, 521]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073559-0001-0000", "contents": "1956 Arizona State\u2013Flagstaff Lumberjacks football team\nThe team played its home games at Skidmore Field in Flagstaff, Arizona.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 54], "section_span": [54, 54], "content_span": [55, 126]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073560-0000-0000", "contents": "1956 Arizona Wildcats baseball team\nThe 1956 Arizona Wildcats baseball team represented the University of Arizona in the 1956 NCAA baseball season. The Wildcats played their home games at UA Field and Hi Corbett Field in Tucson, Arizona. The team was coached by Frank Sancet in his seventh season at Arizona.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [35, 35], "content_span": [36, 308]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073560-0001-0000", "contents": "1956 Arizona Wildcats baseball team\nThe Wildcats reached the College World Series, finishing as the runner up to Minnesota.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [35, 35], "content_span": [36, 123]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073561-0000-0000", "contents": "1956 Arizona Wildcats football team\nThe 1956 Arizona Wildcats football team represented the University of Arizona in the Border Conference during the 1956 NCAA University Division football season. In their fifth and final season under head coach Warren B. Woodson, the Wildcats compiled a 4\u20136 record (1\u20132 against Border opponents) and were outscored by their opponents, 182 to 180. The team captains were Paul Hatcher and Art Luppino. The team played its home games in Arizona Stadium in Tucson, Arizona.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [35, 35], "content_span": [36, 504]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073561-0001-0000", "contents": "1956 Arizona Wildcats football team\nThe team's statistical leaders included Ralph Hunsaker with 823 passing yards, Sal Gonzalez with 337 rushing yards, and Eddie Sine with 163 receiving yards.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [35, 35], "content_span": [36, 192]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073562-0000-0000", "contents": "1956 Arizona gubernatorial election\nThe 1956 Arizona gubernatorial election took place on November 6, 1956. Incumbent Governor Ernest McFarland ran for reelection to a second term. Ernest McFarland defeated longtime The Arizona Republic journalist and Republican nominee Horace B. Griffen in the general election by a wide margin.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [35, 35], "content_span": [36, 330]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073563-0000-0000", "contents": "1956 Arkansas Razorbacks football team\nThe 1956 Arkansas Razorbacks football team represented the University of Arkansas in the Southwest Conference (SWC) during the 1956 NCAA University Division football season. In their third year under head coach Jack Mitchell, the Razorbacks compiled a 6\u20134 record (3\u20133 against SWC opponents), finished in fourth place in the SWC, and outscored all opponents by a combined total of 160 to 155.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [38, 38], "content_span": [39, 430]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073564-0000-0000", "contents": "1956 Arkansas gubernatorial election\nThe 1956 Arkansas gubernatorial election was held on November 6, 1956.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [36, 36], "content_span": [37, 107]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073564-0001-0000", "contents": "1956 Arkansas gubernatorial election\nIncumbent Democratic Governor Orval Faubus won election to a second term, defeating Republican nominee Roy Mitchell with 80.65% of the vote.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [36, 36], "content_span": [37, 177]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073564-0002-0000", "contents": "1956 Arkansas gubernatorial election, Primary elections\nPrimary elections were held on July 31, 1956. By winning over 50% of the vote, Faubus avoided a run-off which would have been held on August 14, 1956.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 55], "content_span": [56, 206]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073565-0000-0000", "contents": "1956 Army Cadets football team\nThe 1956 Army Cadets football team represented the United States Military Academy in the 1956 NCAA University Division football season. In their 16th year under head coach Earl Blaik, the Cadets compiled a 5\u20133\u20131 record and outscored all opponents by a combined total of 223 to 153. In the annual Army\u2013Navy Game, the Cadets tied the Midshipmen by a 7 to 7 score. The Cadets also lost to Michigan, Syracuse, and Pittsburgh.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [30, 30], "content_span": [31, 452]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073565-0001-0000", "contents": "1956 Army Cadets football team\nArmy guard Stan Slater was honored by the United Press as a third-team player on the 1956 College Football All-America Team.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [30, 30], "content_span": [31, 155]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073566-0000-0000", "contents": "1956 Artek\n1956 Artek, provisional designation 1969 TX1, is a dark Themistian asteroid from the outer regions of the asteroid belt, approximately 19 kilometers in diameter. It was discovered on 8 October 1969, by Soviet\u2013Russian astronomer Lyudmila Chernykh at the Crimean Astrophysical Observatory in Nauchnyj. It was named after Artek, a Soviet Young Pioneer camp.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 10], "section_span": [10, 10], "content_span": [11, 365]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073566-0001-0000", "contents": "1956 Artek, Orbit and classification\nArtek is a dark C-type asteroid and a member of the Themis family, a dynamical family of outer-belt asteroids with nearly coplanar ecliptical orbits. It orbits the Sun in the outer main-belt at a distance of 2.9\u20133.5\u00a0AU once every 5 years and 9 months (2,094 days). Its orbit has an eccentricity of 0.10 and an inclination of 1\u00b0 with respect to the ecliptic. The first precovery was taken at Goethe Link Observatory in 1954, extending the asteroid's observation arc by 15 years prior to its discovery.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 10], "section_span": [12, 36], "content_span": [37, 537]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073566-0002-0000", "contents": "1956 Artek, Physical characteristics\nA rotational lightcurve was obtained from photometric observations made by Italian astronomers Roberto Crippa and Federico Manzini in February 2006. The fragmentary lightcurve gave a rotation period of 9.4\u00b10.2 hours with a low brightness variation of 0.07 magnitude (U=1+).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 10], "section_span": [12, 36], "content_span": [37, 310]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073566-0003-0000", "contents": "1956 Artek, Physical characteristics\nAccording to the space-based surveys carried out by the Japanese Akari satellite and NASA's Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer, the asteroid measures 18.0 and 19.2 kilometers in diameter with a corresponding albedo of 0.099 of 0.074, respectively. The Collaborative Asteroid Lightcurve Link assumes an albedo of 0.08 and calculates a diameter of 18.7 kilometers with an absolute magnitude of 12.1.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 10], "section_span": [12, 36], "content_span": [37, 435]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073566-0004-0000", "contents": "1956 Artek, Naming\nThis minor planet was named after the Soviet Artek (\u0410\u0440\u0442\u0435\u0301\u043a) camp, the first All-Union Young Pioneer camp on the Crimean peninsula. The official naming citation was published by the Minor Planet Center on 30 June 1977 (M.P.C. 4190).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 10], "section_span": [12, 18], "content_span": [19, 250]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073567-0000-0000", "contents": "1956 Atlantic R6D-1 disappearance\nThe 1956 Atlantic R6D-1 disappearance involved a Douglas R6D-1 Liftmaster (BuNo 131588) of the United States Navy which disappeared over the Atlantic Ocean on 10 October 1956 with the loss of all 59 people on board.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [33, 33], "content_span": [34, 249]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073567-0001-0000", "contents": "1956 Atlantic R6D-1 disappearance, Accident\nThe R6D-1 \u2013 the U.S. Navy version of the United States Air Force C-118 Liftmaster and the civilian Douglas DC-6B airliner \u2013 was carrying a crew of nine and 50 passengers on a scheduled Military Air Transport Service flight from RAF Lakenheath, England, to Lajes Field in the Azores on 10 October 1956 when it disappeared over the Atlantic Ocean about 590\u00a0km (370 miles) southwest of Land\u2019s End, England, at approximately 22:10.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 43], "content_span": [44, 471]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073567-0001-0001", "contents": "1956 Atlantic R6D-1 disappearance, Accident\nAll of the passengers were personnel of the U.S. Air Force's 307th Bombardment Wing stationed at Lincoln Air Force Base, Nebraska, returning to the United States from 90 days of temporary duty in England. The disappearance was the second major accident involving a Navy R6D-1 in 19 months, an R6D-1 having crashed in Hawaii in March 1955.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 43], "content_span": [44, 382]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073567-0002-0000", "contents": "1956 Atlantic R6D-1 disappearance, Accident\nA 14-day search for the aircraft and survivors found only wheels and a life raft floating 596\u00a0km (370 miles) southwest of Land's End. No trace of the crew or passengers was ever found.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 43], "content_span": [44, 228]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073568-0000-0000", "contents": "1956 Atlantic hurricane season\nThe 1956 Atlantic hurricane season featured a decent number of tropical cyclones, although most tropical storms and hurricanes affected land. There were twelve\u00a0tropical storms, a third of which became hurricanes. One of the hurricanes strengthened to the equivalent of a major hurricane, which is a Category\u00a03 or greater on the Saffir\u2013Simpson scale. The strongest hurricane of the season was Betsy, which was also the most damaging storm of the season: it destroyed 15,000\u00a0houses and left $40\u00a0million in damage in Puerto Rico. Betsy was also the deadliest of the season, having killed 18\u00a0people in the French West Indies, two\u00a0from a shipwreck in the Caribbean Sea, and 16\u00a0in Puerto Rico. Tropical Storm Dora struck Mexico in September and killed 27\u00a0people.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [30, 30], "content_span": [31, 787]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073568-0001-0000", "contents": "1956 Atlantic hurricane season\nThe season officially started on June\u00a015, although an unnamed storm developed about a week prior over the western North Atlantic Ocean. A later storm that formed over the Gulf of Mexico on June\u00a012 alleviated drought conditions in the south-central United States. Hurricane Anna developed in late July and hit Mexico. Tropical storms Carla and Ethel both formed near the Bahamas and moved northeastward until dissipating. The lone hurricane that hit the contiguous United States was Hurricane Flossy.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [30, 30], "content_span": [31, 530]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073568-0001-0001", "contents": "1956 Atlantic hurricane season\nOne of the final storms of the year, Greta, was an unusually large hurricane that produced high waves from Florida to the Lesser Antilles. It developed in the western Caribbean and moved across much of the southeastern United States, causing $24.8\u00a0million in damage and 15\u00a0deaths. There were also several tropical depressions, as well as one subtropical cyclone, in the season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [30, 30], "content_span": [31, 408]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073568-0002-0000", "contents": "1956 Atlantic hurricane season, Season summary\nThe season officially began on June\u00a015, the date that the Weather Bureau office in Miami, Florida, under the direction of Gordon Dunn, began daily monitoring of all tropical disturbances and cyclones across the northern Atlantic Ocean. The agency had access to the hurricane hunters, a fleet of aircraft that obtain data by flying into storms. The Weather Bureau, in collaboration with other agencies, began a five\u2013year project in 1956 to obtain and analyze data on the structure of hurricanes. The season officially ended on November\u00a015.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 46], "content_span": [47, 585]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073568-0003-0000", "contents": "1956 Atlantic hurricane season, Season summary\nThere were a total of twelve\u00a0tropical storms during the season, five\u00a0of which were unnamed. Of all the storms, four\u00a0were hurricanes. Compared to the average activity from the previous two decades, the season's activity was below normal despite average sea surface temperatures and a normal number of tropical waves. Instead, the inactivity was the result of the subtropical ridge being located further south than normal, which decreased the atmospheric instability across much of the basin. Such a pattern was different from the more active 1954 and 1955 seasons. Several tropical depressions formed that did not attain tropical storm status, many of which formed beneath an unfavorable upper-level trough.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 46], "content_span": [47, 753]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073568-0004-0000", "contents": "1956 Atlantic hurricane season, Season summary\nThe season's activity was reflected with a cumulative accumulated cyclone energy (ACE) rating of 54, which is categorized as being \"below normal\". ACE is, broadly speaking, a measure of the power of the hurricane multiplied by the length of time it existed, so storms that last a long time, as well as particularly strong hurricanes, have high ACEs. ACE is only calculated for full advisories on tropical systems at or exceeding 34\u00a0knots (39\u00a0mph, 63\u00a0km/h) or tropical storm strength. Subtropical cyclones are excluded from the total.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 46], "content_span": [47, 580]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073568-0005-0000", "contents": "1956 Atlantic hurricane season, Systems, Tropical Storm One\nA dissipating cold front off the southeastern United States spawned a low-pressure area on June\u00a06. On the next day, the system organized into a tropical storm off the coast of North Carolina. The storm moved southward and reached peak winds of 45\u00a0mph (70\u00a0km/h), based on reports from ships. During its duration, the storm failed to develop an inner core, affected by cool, dry air to the northwest. The structure was likely akin to a subtropical storm, based on its formation beneath an upper-level trough. On June\u00a08, the storm accelerated to the northeast ahead of an approaching cold front, weakening to a tropical depression the next day, and becoming an extratropical cyclone within the front on June\u00a010. The system dissipated later that day as a larger storm developed within the front.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 59], "content_span": [60, 851]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073568-0006-0000", "contents": "1956 Atlantic hurricane season, Systems, Tropical Storm Two\nIn early June, a trough extended from the Gulf of Mexico to the western Atlantic Ocean. On June\u00a012, the interaction between the trough and a tropical wave spawned a tropical depression in the Bay of Campeche. The newly developed tropical cyclone tracked northward, quickly intensifying into a tropical storm. It attained peak winds of 60\u00a0mph (95\u00a0km/h) on June\u00a013, although it never developed a well-defined circulation. In addition, it had characteristics of both a tropical and extratropical cyclone, with cooler air aloft. Late on June\u00a013, the storm made landfall near Cocodrie, Louisiana, and its lowest pressure of 1,001 millibars (29.56\u00a0inHg) was measured over land, suggesting it did not weaken substantially after landfall. After moving inland, it dissipated on June\u00a015 over Arkansas.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 59], "content_span": [60, 851]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073568-0007-0000", "contents": "1956 Atlantic hurricane season, Systems, Tropical Storm Two\nAs the storm moved ashore, it did not develop rainbands, unlike other tropical cyclones. The heaviest rainfall occurred in a 100\u00a0mi (160\u00a0km) region east of where it moved ashore. Precipitation fell across the entire United States gulf coast, and the highest rainfall total was 8.89\u00a0in (226\u00a0mm) in Golden Meadow, Louisiana. The rains were beneficial to farmers, due to drought conditions persisting in the region. The storm produced higher than normal tides, peaking at 4.7\u00a0ft (1.4\u00a0m) in Biloxi, Mississippi; this was the highest since the 1947 Fort Lauderdale hurricane.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 59], "content_span": [60, 630]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073568-0007-0001", "contents": "1956 Atlantic hurricane season, Systems, Tropical Storm Two\nThe tides left damage to the Freeport Sulphur Company, as well as to boats, beaches, and piers. Three people died after their boat capsized, and there was another death after a driver skidded off the Lake Pontchartrain Causeway. A barge in the lake became disabled due to the storm and caused light damage to the causeway. Sustained winds during the storm's passage peaked at 55\u00a0mph (89\u00a0km/h) near Grand Isle, Louisiana, and a boat reported a gust of 60\u00a0mph (97\u00a0km/h) near Pilottown, Louisiana. Damage was estimated at $50,000.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 59], "content_span": [60, 587]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073568-0008-0000", "contents": "1956 Atlantic hurricane season, Systems, June tropical depression\nShortly after the previous storm dissipated, another tropical depression developed on June\u00a017 from a trough, about 500\u00a0mi (800\u00a0km) east of the southern Florida coast. Although it briefly produced wind gusts of 40\u00a0mph (64\u00a0km/h), it never intensified beyond tropical depression status, and it dissipated on June\u00a018.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 65], "content_span": [66, 379]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073568-0009-0000", "contents": "1956 Atlantic hurricane season, Systems, July tropical depression\nA weak circulation developed late on July\u00a04 beneath a cold mid-level trough in the Gulf of Mexico. It moved north-northwestward, and hit near Pensacola, Florida, on July\u00a06. It dissipated on July\u00a09. Although it never intensified beyond tropical depression status, the system produced wind gusts of 47\u00a0mph (76\u00a0km/h) in Panama City, Florida. As it moved ashore, the depression dropped heavy amounts of precipitation, with a total of 14.22\u00a0in (361\u00a0mm) reported in Whatley, Alabama. The rains washed away or eroded several highways and bridges, and also resulted in some agricultural damage. A train line from Mobile to Birmingham, Alabama, was washed out near Suggsville. Overall the damage was estimated at $503,000, and there were no associated deaths.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 65], "content_span": [66, 816]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073568-0010-0000", "contents": "1956 Atlantic hurricane season, Systems, Hurricane Anna\nA westward-moving tropical wave traversed the Lesser Antilles on July\u00a020. It moved across the Caribbean, and its thunderstorms increased on July\u00a023 while passing south of Cuba and beneath a high-pressure area. There is evidence that it could have developed a circulation on July\u00a024 before it struck the Yucat\u00e1n Peninsula. It is confirmed to have developed into a tropical depression on July\u00a025 in the Bay of Campeche. As it continued west-northwestward, it rapidly intensified into Tropical Storm Anna, and before moving ashore in Mexico near Ozuluama, Veracruz, on July\u00a026 it attained hurricane status.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 55], "content_span": [56, 659]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073568-0010-0001", "contents": "1956 Atlantic hurricane season, Systems, Hurricane Anna\nPeak winds reached 85\u00a0mph (135\u00a0km/h), although Anna rapidly dissipated on July\u00a027 as it moved further inland. The high winds wrecked several homes in poor regions of Tampico, Tamaulipas, while rainfall of 2.5\u00a0in (64\u00a0mm) resulted in flooding. The high winds severed telegraph lines from Tampico to San Luis Potos\u00ed. The same area was affected by several hurricanes in the previous year. Damage totaled around $50,000, and there were no deaths.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 55], "content_span": [56, 497]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073568-0011-0000", "contents": "1956 Atlantic hurricane season, Systems, Hurricane Betsy\nA tropical wave moved off the coast of Africa on August\u00a04. It developed into Tropical Storm Betsy developed on August\u00a09 to the east of the Lesser Antilles. It rapidly developed into a 105\u00a0mph (170\u00a0km/h) hurricane before striking Guadeloupe with a minimum central pressure of 979\u00a0mb (28.91\u00a0inHg). There, Betsy heavily damaged 1,000\u00a0houses and left severe crop destruction, and led to 18\u00a0deaths. As Betsy continued into the northeastern Caribbean, it capsized a ship, killing its crew of two.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 56], "content_span": [57, 547]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073568-0011-0001", "contents": "1956 Atlantic hurricane season, Systems, Hurricane Betsy\nOn August\u00a012, a slightly weakened Betsy struck southeastern Puerto Rico near Maunabo with winds of 100\u00a0mph (160\u00a0km/h) and quickly crossed the island. Damage was heaviest where it moved ashore and in the territory's central portion. 15,023\u00a0houses were destroyed by Betsy, and multiple locations reported heavy crop damage, including Camuy, which reported a complete loss of the corn crop.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 56], "content_span": [57, 444]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073568-0012-0000", "contents": "1956 Atlantic hurricane season, Systems, Hurricane Betsy\nAfter exiting Puerto Rico, Betsy strengthened steadily as it headed generally northwestward, becoming a major hurricane on August\u00a013 while centered north of the Turks and Caicos Islands. It attained peak winds of 120\u00a0mph (195\u00a0km/h) the next day to the east of the Bahamas. Betsy later turned northeastward, attaining its lowest central pressure of 954\u00a0mbar (28.17\u00a0inHg) on August\u00a017. It later became extratropical early on August\u00a018. The remnants dissipated two days later to the north of the Azores.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 56], "content_span": [57, 557]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073568-0012-0001", "contents": "1956 Atlantic hurricane season, Systems, Hurricane Betsy\nHurricane Betsy was the first hurricane to be observed from the San Juan radar, and also resulted in the first hurricane warning on the island that was released on television. The hurricane left $40\u00a0million in damage and 16\u00a0deaths, which prompted the declaration of a federal disaster area. Locally the hurricane was known as the Santa Clara Hurricane.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 56], "content_span": [57, 409]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073568-0013-0000", "contents": "1956 Atlantic hurricane season, Systems, August tropical depression\nA vigorous tropical wave spawned a tropical depression on August\u00a028 near the Cape Verde islands. As it passed through the islands, the depression produced a minimum central pressure of 1,004\u00a0mbar (29.6\u00a0inHg) on the island of Sal. Ships in the area reported winds as strong as 46\u00a0mph (74\u00a0km/h). The depression maintained a general westward track, eventually dissipating on September\u00a06 to the northeast of the Lesser Antilles.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 67], "content_span": [68, 492]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073568-0014-0000", "contents": "1956 Atlantic hurricane season, Systems, Tropical Storm Carla\nThe origins of Tropical Storm Carla were from a tropical wave that spawned a depression near the Bahamas on September\u00a07. It moved generally to the north, intensifying to a tropical storm the following day. An upper-level low located to the northeast of Carla produced hostile conditions that prevented significant strengthening, and Carla had a structure which resembled a subtropical storm. An approaching cold front turned the storm to the northeast, and despite the unfavorable atmosphere, Carla intensified, reaching peak winds of 60\u00a0mph\u00a0(95\u00a0km/h) late on September\u00a09.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 61], "content_span": [62, 634]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073568-0014-0001", "contents": "1956 Atlantic hurricane season, Systems, Tropical Storm Carla\nThe interaction between the storm and a high-pressure system over the Great Lakes yielded a strong pressure gradient that produced gale-force winds over New England. After Carla passed to the north of Bermuda, it became extratropical on September\u00a010, according to HURDAT\u2014the official hurricane database\u2014and the annual report in the Monthly Weather Review. As a post-tropical cyclone, ex-Carla strengthened to 70\u00a0mph (115\u00a0km/h) before weakening and dissipating by September\u00a016.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 61], "content_span": [62, 538]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073568-0015-0000", "contents": "1956 Atlantic hurricane season, Systems, Tropical Storm Dora\nOn September\u00a010, a tropical depression developed over the Bay of Campeche. Later that day, hurricane hunters observed winds of tropical storm force, indicating that the depression had become Tropical Storm Dora, with winds of about 40\u00a0mph (65\u00a0km/h). Dora moved generally westward due to a ridge to its north. A reconnaissance flight on September\u00a011 estimated hurricane-force winds, but reanalysis assessed these as being unrepresentative of Dora's true strength. Early on September\u00a012, Dora peaked at 60\u00a0mph (95\u00a0km/h) shortly before striking land near Tuxpan with a minimum central pressure of 1,000\u00a0mb (29.53\u00a0inHg).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 60], "content_span": [61, 677]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073568-0015-0001", "contents": "1956 Atlantic hurricane season, Systems, Tropical Storm Dora\nIt quickly dissipated early the next day, although the storm produced heavy rains across the region. The deluge caused a landslide as well as flooding, including along a river near San Andr\u00e9s Tuxtla. In Puebla, there were 13\u00a0deaths and 20\u00a0injuries after a bus crashed into a washed out portion of the highway from Tuxpan to Mexico City. Overall, Dora caused 27\u00a0deaths in the country, but minor damage.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 60], "content_span": [61, 462]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073568-0016-0000", "contents": "1956 Atlantic hurricane season, Systems, Tropical Storm Ethel\nOn September\u00a011, a tropical depression developed along the southern end of a quasi-stationary cold front over Grand Exuma Island in the Bahamas. It moved to the northeast and encountered cold air from the north. This resulted in significant instability that allowed in quick strengthening. A hurricane hunters flight on September\u00a012 reported winds of 76\u00a0mph (122\u00a0km/h) in the storm's northeast quadrant; as a result, the depression was upgraded to Tropical Storm Ethel. The flight observed a well-developed eye 20\u00a0mi (32\u00a0km) in diameter, although they only observed hurricane-force winds in one quadrant.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 61], "content_span": [62, 666]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073568-0016-0001", "contents": "1956 Atlantic hurricane season, Systems, Tropical Storm Ethel\nReassessment, however, discounted the observations of hurricane-force winds from the aircraft as being unrepresentative of Ethel's strength, and analyzed that Ethel peaked at 60\u00a0mph (95\u00a0km/h) late on September\u00a012, with the lowest pressure reported being 999\u00a0mbar (29.50\u00a0inHg). Shortly after reaching peak intensity, Ethel began weakening and dissipated on September\u00a014 to the southwest of Bermuda.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 61], "content_span": [62, 459]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073568-0017-0000", "contents": "1956 Atlantic hurricane season, Systems, September tropical depression\nA vigorous tropical depression moved through the Cape Verde islands on September\u00a013, although the complete history of the cyclone is unknown. It dissipated before affecting the Lesser Antilles.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 70], "content_span": [71, 264]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073568-0018-0000", "contents": "1956 Atlantic hurricane season, Systems, Hurricane Flossy\nHurricane Flossy originated from a tropical wave that moved through the Caribbean. A tropical depression formed on September\u00a020 just east of the Yucat\u00e1n Peninsula and headed northwest across the landmass. Upon entering the Gulf of Mexico on September\u00a022, it quickly intensified into Tropical Storm Flossy. Continuing to intensify, the storm turned to the north and attained hurricane status on September\u00a023. Bearing winds of 85\u00a0mph (135\u00a0km/h), Flossy struck near Venice, Louisiana, on September\u00a024 after turning to the northeast, crossing the Mississippi River Delta.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 57], "content_span": [58, 625]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073568-0018-0001", "contents": "1956 Atlantic hurricane season, Systems, Hurricane Flossy\nThe hurricane again moved into the Gulf of Mexico, continuing to the northeast and intensifying further until moving ashore near Miramar Beach, Florida, on September\u00a025 as a strong Category 1 hurricane with winds of 90\u00a0mph (145\u00a0km/h) and a minimum pressure of 974\u00a0mbar (28.76\u00a0inHg). Later that day, Flossy became extratropical over Georgia after weakening into a tropical storm. The extratropical remnants moved through the southeast United States and emerged from North Carolina into the western Atlantic on September\u00a027. The storm was last observed on October\u00a03, near southernmost Newfoundland.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 57], "content_span": [58, 654]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073568-0019-0000", "contents": "1956 Atlantic hurricane season, Systems, Hurricane Flossy\nFlossy was the only hurricane of the season to strike the United States. Winds in Louisiana reached 84\u00a0mph (135\u00a0km/h), although an oil rig offshore Grand Isle reported a gust of 95\u00a0mph (153\u00a0km/h). The storm dropped heavy rainfall along its path, peaking at 16.7\u00a0in (420\u00a0mm) in Golden Meadow, Louisiana. The rainfall and the hurricane's accompanying storm surge caused widespread flooding and beach erosion in southeast Louisiana. The flooding surmounted the eastern seawall in New Orleans, submerging an area of 2.5\u00a0sq\u00a0mi (6.5\u00a0km2). Across the region, the resulting flooding drowned cattle and caused heavy crop damage. Hurricane Flossy left about $27.8\u00a0million in damage (1956\u00a0USD), mostly from crop damage, as well as 15\u00a0deaths. The rainfall extended through the Mid-Atlantic states, which alleviated drought conditions.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 57], "content_span": [58, 880]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073568-0020-0000", "contents": "1956 Atlantic hurricane season, Systems, October Central Atlantic depression\nOn October\u00a09, a tropical depression developed about 1,300\u00a0mi (2,100\u00a0km) east of Puerto Rico. Ships in the area reported winds as strong as 45\u00a0mph (72\u00a0km/h), although the system dissipated within 24\u00a0hours.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 76], "content_span": [77, 281]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073568-0021-0000", "contents": "1956 Atlantic hurricane season, Systems, Tropical Storm Nine\nA tropical wave exited the west coast of Africa in early October. By October\u00a09, a tropical storm developed with winds of 45\u00a0mph (70\u00a0km/h), based on ship reports. On October\u00a010, the storm turned to the north and weakened to a tropical depression. It drifted northeast for two days, dissipating on October\u00a012.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 60], "content_span": [61, 368]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073568-0022-0000", "contents": "1956 Atlantic hurricane season, Systems, October Mid-Atlantic depression\nOn October\u00a010, another tropical depression formed further to the north of the Central Atlantic depression. It possibly developed from the same tropical wave that spawned the aforementioned depression, although they were not the same system. The depression maintained a general northward movement throughout its duration, dissipating on October\u00a012.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 72], "content_span": [73, 420]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073568-0023-0000", "contents": "1956 Atlantic hurricane season, Systems, Tropical Storm Ten\nA low-pressure area formed along a dissipating cold front to the north of Puerto Rico. The system moved westward, developing some tropical characteristics by October\u00a013. The next day, the system became a tropical storm over the Straits of Florida. On October\u00a015, it crossed over South Florida near Homestead with winds of 60\u00a0mph (95\u00a0km/h). The storm was never fully tropical, as its winds and precipitation extended far away from the center. The storm intensified further over the Florida peninsula, peaking at 65\u00a0mph (105\u00a0km/h) early on October\u00a016. After affecting Florida, the storm crossed the western Atlantic and moved across the Outer Banks. The storm became extratropical on October\u00a017, and the next day it was absorbed by another extratropical storm.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 59], "content_span": [60, 818]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073568-0024-0000", "contents": "1956 Atlantic hurricane season, Systems, Tropical Storm Ten\nThe storm produced significant rainfall in a 50\u00a0mi (80\u00a0km) region of Florida. The highest total in the state was 16.28\u00a0in (414\u00a0mm) in Kissimmee. There, the rains caused flash flooding that entered over 200\u00a0houses. The flooding flooded three state highways, and also left portions of Okeechobee inaccessible after reporting the heaviest rainfall in eight years. Large tomato fields were inundated, resulting in some crop damage. In portions of the state, the rains were beneficial due to previously dry conditions. The storm spawned a tornado in North Miami that injured one person. Damage throughout Florida was estimated at $3\u00a0million, mostly in the Kissimmee area. In addition, two surfers drowned during the storm. Precipitation extended as far north as New Jersey, and coastal areas experienced high tides and gusty winds.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 59], "content_span": [60, 886]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073568-0025-0000", "contents": "1956 Atlantic hurricane season, Systems, Hurricane Greta\nThe Intertropical Convergence Zone spawned a tropical depression on October\u00a031 a short distance to south of easternmost Cuba. The system tracked northward and crossed over eastern Cuba, and the system initially had characteristics of an extratropical cyclone. It eventually acquired tropical features and intensified into Tropical Storm Greta on November\u00a01. A high-pressure area east of the Mid-Atlantic states caused the depression to turn to the south on November\u00a02 and loop to the southeast. Later that day the depression intensified into Tropical Storm Greta to the northeast of the Bahamas.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 56], "content_span": [57, 652]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073568-0025-0001", "contents": "1956 Atlantic hurricane season, Systems, Hurricane Greta\nIt attained hurricane status on November\u00a04 while maintaining a large size (in fact, becoming one of the largest tropical cyclones known in the Atlantic basin); such strengthening is unusual in storms moving in a southeast trajectory. Greta turned to the east and later northeast, reaching its peak of 100\u00a0mph (160\u00a0km/h) late on November\u00a04 due to the energy transfer between levels of the atmosphere. Cooler waters caused subsequent weakening and gradual loss of tropical characteristics, and Greta transitioned into an extratropical storm on November\u00a06, dissipating the next day.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 56], "content_span": [57, 636]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073568-0026-0000", "contents": "1956 Atlantic hurricane season, Systems, Hurricane Greta\nThe extremely large size of Greta, in conjunction with the high-pressure system to its north, produced strong winds and high waves across a large area of the western Atlantic. In Puerto Rico, waves of 20\u00a0ft (6.1\u00a0m) left heavy damage and killed one person who did not heed an evacuation order. Waves reached 25\u00a0ft (7.6\u00a0m) in the French West Indies, which destroyed 80% of the structures at the port in Basse-Terre, Guadeloupe. Further west, high waves left heavy damage in and around the beaches of Jacksonville, Florida. Overall damage was estimated at about $3.58\u00a0million.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 56], "content_span": [57, 630]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073568-0027-0000", "contents": "1956 Atlantic hurricane season, Systems, Tropical Storm Twelve\nIn the middle of November, a weakening cold front produced a low-pressure area, which organized into a tropical depression early on November\u00a019, though it is possible it formed a day earlier. The depression moved slowly west for the next 12 hours, becoming a tropical storm thereafter. Due to its slow movement, and based on ship reports, it is estimated that peak winds were 45\u00a0mph (70\u00a0km/h), with a minimum pressure recorded was 1002 mbar. The system continued to crawl westward, weakening to a depression on November\u00a021 at 12:00 UTC and degenerating later in the day to a trough of low pressure.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 62], "content_span": [63, 661]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073568-0028-0000", "contents": "1956 Atlantic hurricane season, Storm names\nThe following names were used for named storms (tropical storms and hurricanes) that formed in the North Atlantic in 1956. All names used for the first time in 1956.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 43], "content_span": [44, 209]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073569-0000-0000", "contents": "1956 Auburn Tigers football team\nThe 1956 Auburn Tigers football team represented Auburn University in the 1956 NCAA University Division football season. It was the Tigers' 65th overall and 24th season as a member of the Southeastern Conference (SEC). The team was led by head coach Ralph \"Shug\" Jordan, in his sixth year, and played their home games at Cliff Hare Stadium in Auburn and Legion Field in Birmingham, Alabama. They finished with a record of seven wins and three losses (7\u20133 overall, 4\u20133 in the SEC).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [32, 32], "content_span": [33, 513]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073570-0000-0000", "contents": "1956 Auckland City mayoral election\nThe 1956 Auckland City mayoral election was part of the New Zealand local elections held that same year. In 1956, elections were held for the Mayor of Auckland plus other local government positions including twenty-one city councillors. The polling was conducted using the standard first-past-the-post electoral method.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [35, 35], "content_span": [36, 355]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073570-0001-0000", "contents": "1956 Auckland City mayoral election, Background\nMayor John Luxford was challenged over his claim of wasteful expenditure by the Council by former Town Clerk Thomas Ashby who claimed Luxford had not remedied the problem with the programmes he had initiated. Ashby was endorsed by the United Independents electoral ticket after Luxford had joined the Citizens & Ratepayers ticket after a falling out with Robinson and his United Independent colleagues who had backed him in his 1953 campaign. The United Independents vote fell, losing their balance of power, with the Citizens & Ratepayers regaining their council majority once again.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 47], "content_span": [48, 632]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073571-0000-0000", "contents": "1956 Australian Championships\nThe 1956 Australian Championships was a tennis tournament that took place on outdoor Grass courts at the Milton Courts, Brisbane, Australia from 20 January to 30 January. It was the 44th edition of the Australian Championships (now known as the Australian Open), the 4th held in Brisbane, and the first Grand Slam tournament of the year. The singles titles were won by Lew Hoad and Mary Carter Reitano.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [29, 29], "content_span": [30, 432]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073571-0001-0000", "contents": "1956 Australian Championships, Champions, Men's Doubles\nLew Hoad /  Ken Rosewall defeated  Don Candy /  Mervyn Rose 10\u20138, 13\u201311, 6\u20134", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 55], "content_span": [56, 132]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073571-0002-0000", "contents": "1956 Australian Championships, Champions, Women's Doubles\nMary Bevis Hawton /  Thelma Coyne Long defeated  Mary Carter /  Beryl Penrose 6\u20132, 5\u20137, 9\u20137", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 57], "content_span": [58, 149]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073571-0003-0000", "contents": "1956 Australian Championships, Champions, Mixed Doubles\nBeryl Penrose  /  Neale Fraser defeated  Mary Bevis Hawton /  Roy Emerson 6\u20132, 6\u20134", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 55], "content_span": [56, 138]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073572-0000-0000", "contents": "1956 Australian Championships \u2013 Men's Singles\nFirst-seeded Lew Hoad defeated Ken Rosewall 6\u20134, 3\u20136, 6\u20134, 7\u20135 in the final to win the Men's Singles tennis title at the 1956 Australian Championships.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 45], "section_span": [45, 45], "content_span": [46, 197]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073572-0001-0000", "contents": "1956 Australian Championships \u2013 Men's Singles, Seeds\nThe seeded players are listed below. Lew Hoad is the champion; others show the round in which they were eliminated.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 45], "section_span": [47, 52], "content_span": [53, 168]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073573-0000-0000", "contents": "1956 Australian Championships \u2013 Women's Singles\nSecond-seeded Mary Carter defeated Thelma Long 3\u20136, 6\u20132, 9\u20137 in the final to win the Women's Singles tennis title at the 1956 Australian Championships.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 47], "section_span": [47, 47], "content_span": [48, 199]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073573-0001-0000", "contents": "1956 Australian Championships \u2013 Women's Singles, Seeds\nThe seeded players are listed below. Mary Carter is the champion; others show the round in which they were eliminated.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 47], "section_span": [49, 54], "content_span": [55, 173]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073574-0000-0000", "contents": "1956 Australian Grand Prix\nThe 1956 Australian Grand Prix was a motor race for Formula Libre cars held at Albert Park Street Circuit, in Victoria, Australia on 2 December 1956. The race, which had 22 starters, was held over 80 laps of the five kilometre circuit, the longest of all the Australian Grands Prix at 402 kilometres. It attracted a crowd of over 120,000 spectators.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [26, 26], "content_span": [27, 376]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073574-0001-0000", "contents": "1956 Australian Grand Prix\nThe race was the twenty first Australian Grand Prix and the second to be held on a street circuit situated around the Albert Park Lake, the current location of the race. It had been moved to the end of the year, and the rotational system which shifted the race from state to state was suspended to allow the AGP to capitalise on the publicity generated around the 1956 Olympic Games which were being held in Melbourne.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [26, 26], "content_span": [27, 445]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073574-0001-0001", "contents": "1956 Australian Grand Prix\nWith the presence of the works Officine Alfieri Maserati racing team, bringing with them Stirling Moss, Jean Behra and a fleet of 250F, and fellow European based racers Ken Wharton, Peter Whitehead and Reg Parnell, the race became the most important motor racing event held in Australia's history to that point.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [26, 26], "content_span": [27, 338]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073574-0002-0000", "contents": "1956 Australian Grand Prix\nMoss and Behra dominated the two-week festival which began the previous weekend with the Australian Tourist Trophy sports car race in which the duo placed first and second, each driving a Maserati 300S. In the Grand Prix the two were again dominant, but Moss was a class above Behra coming close to lapping his teammate.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [26, 26], "content_span": [27, 347]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073574-0002-0001", "contents": "1956 Australian Grand Prix\nThe two Scuderia Ambrosiana entered Ferraris of Peter Whitehead and Reg Parnell were not a serious threat but Whitehead did have the measure of the local drivers with the 1938 Australian Grand Prix winner finishing two laps clear of the first of the Australians, Maserati 250F driver Reg Hunt. Parnell finished sixth, behind another domestic Maserati 250F driven by Stan Jones. Both finished on the same lap as Hunt, while Lex Davison's older sports car engined Ferrari 625 was another two laps distant. Doug Whiteford's Talbot-Lago was the first non-Italian car home in eighth place. With defending champion Jack Brabham absent the best of the Cooper sourced machinery was Len Lukey's much modified Cooper-Bristol in ninth. Wharton's European-based Maserati 250F failed to reach the finishing line.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [26, 26], "content_span": [27, 826]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073574-0003-0000", "contents": "1956 Australian Grand Prix\nMoss's fastest lap of 1:52.2 (100.25\u00a0mph) was a new lap record for the Albert Park Circuit.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [26, 26], "content_span": [27, 118]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073575-0000-0000", "contents": "1956 Australian Labor Party leadership spill\nA leadership spill of the Australian Labor Party (ALP), then the opposition party in the Parliament of Australia, was held on 16 February 1956.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [44, 44], "content_span": [45, 188]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073575-0001-0000", "contents": "1956 Australian Labor Party leadership spill, Background\nLabor frontbencher Allan Fraser unsuccessfully challenged ALP leader H. V. Evatt. Fraser was a known maverick who thought Evatt unelectable, and was derisive of his handling of the Industrial Groups and the ensuing \"split\" in the Labor Party.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [46, 56], "content_span": [57, 299]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073575-0002-0000", "contents": "1956 Australian Labor Party leadership spill, Background\nEvatt was re-elected comfortably by 58 votes to 20. Arthur Calwell was re-elected deputy leader, securing 42 votes against 20 for Eddie Ward and 14 for Les Haylen.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [46, 56], "content_span": [57, 220]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073576-0000-0000", "contents": "1956 Australian Tourist Trophy\nThe 1956 Australian Tourist Trophy was a 100-mile motor race for sports cars, staged at the Albert Park Circuit in Melbourne, Victoria, Australia on 25 November 1956. It was the first in a sequence of annual Australian Tourist Trophy races, each of these being recognised by the Confederation of Australian Motor Sport as the Australian Championship for sports cars. The race was won by Stirling Moss driving a Maserati 300S.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [30, 30], "content_span": [31, 456]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073577-0000-0000", "contents": "1956 Austrian legislative election\nParliamentary elections were held in Austria on 13 May 1956. The result was a victory for the Austrian People's Party, which won 82 of the 165 seats in the National Council. Voter turnout was 96.0%. Although the \u00d6VP had come up one seat short of an absolute majority, \u00d6VP leader and Chancellor Julius Raab retained the grand coalition with the Socialists, with the SP\u00d6 leader Adolf Sch\u00e4rf as Vice-Chancellor.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [34, 34], "content_span": [35, 443]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073578-0000-0000", "contents": "1956 B-47 disappearance\nThe 1956 B-47 disappearance occurred on 10 March 1956 over the Mediterranean Sea.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [23, 23], "content_span": [24, 105]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073578-0001-0000", "contents": "1956 B-47 disappearance, Flight\nA Boeing B-47 Stratojet, call-sign Inkspot 59, took off from MacDill Air Force Base, Florida, in the United States for a non-stop flight to Ben Guerir Air Base, Morocco, and completed the first of two planned aerial refuelings without incident.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 31], "content_span": [32, 276]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073578-0002-0000", "contents": "1956 B-47 disappearance, Flight\nAfter descending through solid cloud cover to begin the second refueling at 14,000 feet (4,300\u00a0m), B-47E serial number 52-0534, failed to make contact with its tanker.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 31], "content_span": [32, 199]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073578-0003-0000", "contents": "1956 B-47 disappearance, Flight\nThe unarmed aircraft was transporting two different capsules of nuclear weapons material in carrying cases; a nuclear detonation was not possible.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 31], "content_span": [32, 178]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073578-0004-0000", "contents": "1956 B-47 disappearance, Aftermath\nDespite an extensive search, no debris or bodies were ever found, and the crash site has never been located. The crew was declared dead:", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 34], "content_span": [35, 171]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073579-0000-0000", "contents": "1956 BARC Aintree 200\nThe 1956 Aintree 200 was a non-championship Formula One race held on 21 April 1956. The race was won by Stirling Moss, in a privately entered Maserati 250F.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [21, 21], "content_span": [22, 178]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073580-0000-0000", "contents": "1956 BC Lions season\nThe 1956 BC Lions finished the season in fourth place in the W.I.F.U. with a 6\u201310 record and failed to make the playoffs.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [20, 20], "content_span": [21, 142]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073580-0001-0000", "contents": "1956 BC Lions season\nUnder former Ottawa bench boss Clem Crowe, the Lions matched their aggregate win total of the first two seasons (6), however, it was only good enough for 4th place in a tough WIFU. The Lions earned their first win over the Edmonton Eskimos on September 24. Fullback By Bailey scored the first kickoff return touchdown in Lions history against Winnipeg on September 17.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [20, 20], "content_span": [21, 389]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073580-0002-0000", "contents": "1956 BC Lions season\nReceiver Dan Edwards, running back Ed Vereb on offence and safety Paul Cameron were WIFU all-stars.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [20, 20], "content_span": [21, 120]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073580-0003-0000", "contents": "1956 BC Lions season\nThe team altered its uniforms adding UCLA stripes on shoulders. The helmet was kept orange with single black stripe.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [20, 20], "content_span": [21, 137]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073581-0000-0000", "contents": "1956 BRDC International Trophy\nThe 8th BRDC International Trophy was a motor race, run to Formula One rules, held on 5 May 1956 at Silverstone Circuit, Northamptonshire. The race was run over 60 laps, and was won by a lap by British driver Stirling Moss in a Vanwall. Moss also took pole, and shared fastest lap with BRM driver Mike Hawthorn.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [30, 30], "content_span": [31, 342]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073582-0000-0000", "contents": "1956 BYU Cougars football team\nThe 1956 BYU Cougars football team was an American football team that represented Brigham Young University in the Skyline Conference during the 1956 NCAA University Division football season. In their first season under head coach Hal Kopp, the Cougars compiled a 2\u20137\u20131 record (1\u20135\u20131 against Skyline opponents), finished seventh in the Skyline, and were outscored by a total of 232 to 147.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [30, 30], "content_span": [31, 419]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073582-0001-0000", "contents": "1956 BYU Cougars football team\nThe team's statistical leaders included Carroll Johnston with 945 passing yards and 1,025 yards of total offense, Steve Campora with 259 rushing yards and 24 points, and Burt Bullock with 291 receiving yards.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [30, 30], "content_span": [31, 239]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073583-0000-0000", "contents": "1956 Bahamian general election\nGeneral elections were held in the Bahamas between 8 and 20 June 1956. Although the Progressive Liberal Party emerged as the largest party, winning six seats, the majority of seats were won by independents.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [30, 30], "content_span": [31, 237]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073584-0000-0000", "contents": "1956 Ball State Cardinals football team\nThe 1956 Ball State Cardinals football team was an American football team that represented Ball State Teachers College (later renamed Ball State University) in the Indiana Collegiate Conference (ICC) during the 1956 NCAA College Division football season. In its first season under head coach Jim Freeman, the team compiled a 4\u20134 record (2\u20134 against ICC opponents) and finished in fifth place out of seven teams in the ICC.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [39, 39], "content_span": [40, 462]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073585-0000-0000", "contents": "1956 Ballon d'Or\nThe 1956 Ballon d'Or was the inaugural Ballon d'Or award given to the best football player in Europe as judged by a panel of sports journalists from UEFA member countries. Stanley Matthews received the award on 18 December 1956.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 16], "section_span": [16, 16], "content_span": [17, 245]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073586-0000-0000", "contents": "1956 Baltimore Colts season\nThe 1956 Baltimore Colts season was the fourth season for the team in the National Football League. Under third-year head coach Weeb Ewbank, the Colts posted a record of 5 wins and 7 losses, fourth in the Western Conference.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [27, 27], "content_span": [28, 252]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073586-0001-0000", "contents": "1956 Baltimore Colts season, Regular season, Standings\nNote: Tie games were not officially counted in the standings until 1972.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 54], "content_span": [55, 127]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073587-0000-0000", "contents": "1956 Baltimore Orioles season\nThe 1956 Baltimore Orioles season involved the Orioles finishing 6th in the American League with a record of 69 wins and 85 losses.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [29, 29], "content_span": [30, 161]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073587-0001-0000", "contents": "1956 Baltimore Orioles season, Player stats, Batting, Starters by position\nNote: Pos = Position; G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 74], "content_span": [75, 199]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073587-0002-0000", "contents": "1956 Baltimore Orioles season, Player stats, Batting, Other batters\nNote: G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 67], "content_span": [68, 176]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073587-0003-0000", "contents": "1956 Baltimore Orioles season, Player stats, Pitching, Starting pitchers\nNote: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 72], "content_span": [73, 183]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073587-0004-0000", "contents": "1956 Baltimore Orioles season, Player stats, Pitching, Other pitchers\nNote: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 69], "content_span": [70, 180]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073587-0005-0000", "contents": "1956 Baltimore Orioles season, Player stats, Pitching, Relief pitchers\nNote: G = Games pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; SV = Saves; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 70], "content_span": [71, 171]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073587-0006-0000", "contents": "1956 Baltimore Orioles season, Farm system\nLubbock franchise transferred to Texas City and renamed, July 8, 1956", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 42], "content_span": [43, 112]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073588-0000-0000", "contents": "1956 Barbadian general election\nGeneral elections were held in Barbados on 7 December 1956. The result was a victory for the Barbados Labour Party, which won 15 of the 24 seats. MPs were elected across twelve two-member constituencies, using the block vote method. Voter turnout was 60.3%.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [31, 31], "content_span": [32, 289]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073588-0001-0000", "contents": "1956 Barbadian general election\nDespite winning more votes than the newly formed Democratic Labour Party, the Progressive Conservative Party won fewer seats, a consequence of the plurality voting system used.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [31, 31], "content_span": [32, 208]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073589-0000-0000", "contents": "1956 Barker by-election\nA by-election was held for the Australian House of Representatives seat of Barker on 13 October 1956. This was triggered by the death of Liberal MP and Speaker Archie Cameron.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [23, 23], "content_span": [24, 199]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073589-0001-0000", "contents": "1956 Barker by-election\nThe by-election was won by Liberal candidate Jim Forbes. William McAnaney, a future state Liberal MP, who had been chairman of the District Council of Strathalbyn, unsuccessfully contested the by-election as an independent.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [23, 23], "content_span": [24, 247]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073590-0000-0000", "contents": "1956 Baseball Hall of Fame balloting\nElections to the Baseball Hall of Fame for 1956 followed a system that had been the object of criticism and reform in recent years, which would continue that summer. The Veterans Committee was meeting only in odd-number years to consider older major league players as well as managers, umpires, and executives. The Baseball Writers' Association of America (BBWAA) voted by mail to select from recent players and elected two, Joe Cronin and Hank Greenberg. A formal induction ceremony was held in Cooperstown, New York, on July 23, 1956, with Commissioner of Baseball Ford Frick presiding.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [36, 36], "content_span": [37, 625]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073590-0001-0000", "contents": "1956 Baseball Hall of Fame balloting, Criticism and reform\nFollowing the election, complaints by the writers that the electees were not up to the standards of previous choices, and that the eligible players included few strong candidates, led to a number of changes in the rules. Foremost among the alterations was the decision to hold future BBWAA elections only in alternating years with the Veterans Committee, and also the elimination of the rule which required writers to vote for 10 candidates; thereafter, they would be advised only to vote for up to 10.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 58], "content_span": [59, 561]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073590-0002-0000", "contents": "1956 Baseball Hall of Fame balloting, Criticism and reform\nVarious factors over the previous few years had led to the voters' complaints regarding the strength of the eligible candidates. Among these were the decision in the early 1950s to extend the waiting period for eligibility following a player's retirement from one year to five years; as a result, many players who retired in the early 1950s and would otherwise have been eligible were temporarily taken out of contention.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 58], "content_span": [59, 480]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073590-0002-0001", "contents": "1956 Baseball Hall of Fame balloting, Criticism and reform\nAlso, many of the players who retired in the late 1940s and early 1950s had careers which were interrupted by military service during World War II, depriving them of accomplishments during those seasons which might have enhanced their qualifications in the eyes of voters.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 58], "content_span": [59, 331]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073590-0002-0002", "contents": "1956 Baseball Hall of Fame balloting, Criticism and reform\nSome players returned from the war with their skills in decline after the long layoff, and retired within a few years when they might otherwise have enjoyed several productive seasons if not for the interruption in their play; in other cases, similar players who might have become more distinct with a few added seasons ended up with careers which were more difficult to distinguish.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 58], "content_span": [59, 442]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073590-0002-0003", "contents": "1956 Baseball Hall of Fame balloting, Criticism and reform\nPerhaps most significantly, the Hall of Fame had instituted a rule at the beginning of the decade which was designed to ensure that the honor of selection was not exploited for profit as a mere gate attraction, and that players who were selected were not put into games long after their playing ability had waned simply to sell tickets; as a result, any individual who was still in uniform as a manager or coach \u2013 even at the minor league level \u2013 had been ruled ineligible for selection. (It is important to note that at the time, managers and coaches were widely regarded as being full members of the roster; playing managers and coaches were still very common, and even minor league managers not generally thought of as playing managers often inserted themselves into games in emergency situations.)", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 58], "content_span": [59, 860]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073590-0003-0000", "contents": "1956 Baseball Hall of Fame balloting, BBWAA election\nThe BBWAA was authorized to elect players active in 1926 or later, but not after 1950. All 10-year members of the BBWAA were eligible to vote.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 52], "content_span": [53, 195]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073590-0004-0000", "contents": "1956 Baseball Hall of Fame balloting, BBWAA election\nAny candidate receiving votes on at least 75% of the ballots would be honored with induction to the Hall. Votes were cast for 106 players; a total of 193 ballots were cast, with 145 votes required for election. A total of 1,599 individual votes were cast, an average of 8.28 per ballot.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 52], "content_span": [53, 339]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073590-0005-0000", "contents": "1956 Baseball Hall of Fame balloting, BBWAA election\nThe two candidates who received 75% of the vote and were elected are indicated in bold italics; candidates who have since been elected in subsequent elections are indicated in italics.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 52], "content_span": [53, 237]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073591-0000-0000", "contents": "1956 Bathurst 100\nThe 1956 Bathurst 100 was a motor race held at the Mount Panorama Circuit, Bathurst, New South Wales, Australia on 2 April 1956. It was staged over 26 laps of the 3.875-mile circuit, a total distance of approximately 100 miles. The race was contested on a handicap basis with the first cars starting 16 minutes and two seconds before the last car, the Maserati 250F of Reg Hunt.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [17, 17], "content_span": [18, 396]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073591-0001-0000", "contents": "1956 Bathurst 100\nThe race was won by Lex Davison in a Ferrari, with the Scratch section (disregarding handicaps) won by Reg Hunt driving a Maserati 250F.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [17, 17], "content_span": [18, 154]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073592-0000-0000", "contents": "1956 Baylor Bears football team\nThe 1956 Baylor Bears football team represented Baylor University in the 1956 NCAA University Division football season. The team finished with a record of 9-2 and a victory in the Sugar Bowl against the University of Tennessee. Bill Glass (Guard) was chosen as an All American player and Del Shafner (Halfback) and Jerry Marcontell (End) were selected All Conference.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [31, 31], "content_span": [32, 399]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073593-0000-0000", "contents": "1956 Belgian Grand Prix\nThe 1956 Belgian Grand Prix was a Formula One motor race held on 3 June 1956 at Spa-Francorchamps. It was race 4 of 8 in the 1956 World Championship of Drivers.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [23, 23], "content_span": [24, 184]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073593-0001-0000", "contents": "1956 Belgian Grand Prix\nAfter the first day of practice on Thursday, Fangio was on pole with a time almost 5 sec faster than second place Moss. These times would not be touched with wet conditions on Friday and windy conditions on Saturday.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [23, 23], "content_span": [24, 240]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073593-0002-0000", "contents": "1956 Belgian Grand Prix\nIt was raining when the race began and Fangio made a poor start and settled in fifth with Moss well in the lead. But by lap 3 Fangio would be in second having passed Behra, Collins, and then Castellotti. By the fifth lap he was in the lead and had opened up an 8-second lead on Moss by lap 10 with Collins third on a drying track. Collins took second when Moss lost a back wheel on the climb after the Eau Rouge bridge.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [23, 23], "content_span": [24, 443]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073593-0002-0001", "contents": "1956 Belgian Grand Prix\nHe was able to safely stop and sprint back to the pits and take over Perdisa's car. He resumed in sixth but a lap down to the leaders. Collins took the lead for good when Fangio lost his transmission on lap 24. A tight battle for second between Behra and Frere ended when Behra's engine began to misfire. This allowed Moss to move to third as he had passed Schell earlier. Moss ended the race on a furious pace but the two leaders were too far ahead to make up the gap.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [23, 23], "content_span": [24, 493]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073594-0000-0000", "contents": "1956 Belgian motorcycle Grand Prix\nThe 1956 Belgian motorcycle Grand Prix was the third round of the 1956 Grand Prix motorcycle racing season. It took place on 8 July 1956 at the Circuit de Spa-Francorchamps.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [34, 34], "content_span": [35, 208]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073595-0000-0000", "contents": "1956 Bermondsey Borough election\nElections to Metropolitan Borough of Bermondsey were held in 1956.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [32, 32], "content_span": [33, 99]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073595-0001-0000", "contents": "1956 Bermondsey Borough election\nThe borough had 13 wards which returned between 3 and 5 members. Of the 13 wards 6 of the wards had all candidates elected unopposed. Labour won all the seats, the Conservatives only stood in 4 wards, the Liberal Party 1 ward and the Communist Party 1 ward.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [32, 32], "content_span": [33, 290]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073596-0000-0000", "contents": "1956 Big Ten Conference Men's Golf Championship\nThe 1956 Big Ten Conference Men's Golf Championship was held on May 25\u201326, 1956 in Wilmette, Illinois and Northwestern was the host school. The team champion was Purdue with a score of 1,501 and the individual champion was Joe Campbell of Purdue who shot a 281.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 47], "section_span": [47, 47], "content_span": [48, 309]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073596-0001-0000", "contents": "1956 Big Ten Conference Men's Golf Championship, Round summaries\nThe 1956 Big Ten Championship was played over two days with two 18-hole rounds played on each day, for a total of 72 holes.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 47], "section_span": [49, 64], "content_span": [65, 188]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073597-0000-0000", "contents": "1956 Big Ten Conference football season\nThe 1956 Big Ten Conference football season was the 61st season of college football played by the member schools of the Big Ten Conference (also known as the Western Conference) and was a part of the 1956 NCAA University Division football season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [39, 39], "content_span": [40, 286]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073597-0001-0000", "contents": "1956 Big Ten Conference football season\nThe 1956 Iowa Hawkeyes football team, under head coach Forest Evashevski, won the Big Ten championship, compiled a 9\u20131 record, led the Big Ten in scoring defense (8.4 points allowed per game), was ranked No. 3 in the final AP Poll and in the Coaches Poll, and defeated Oregon State, 35\u201319, in the 1957 Rose Bowl. Quarterback Ken Ploen received the Chicago Tribune Silver Football trophy as the most valuable player in the Big Ten and was also named the most valuable player in the Rose Bowl.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [39, 39], "content_span": [40, 531]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073597-0002-0000", "contents": "1956 Big Ten Conference football season\nThe 1956 Michigan Wolverines football team, under head coach Bennie Oosterbaan, compiled a 7\u20132 record, handed Iowa its only defeat, and was ranked No. 7 in the final AP Poll and the Coaches Poll. End Ron Kramer was a consensus first-team All-American and was the first Big Ten player selected, with the fourth overall pick, in the 1957 NFL Draft. Guard Dick Hill was selected as the team's most valuable player.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [39, 39], "content_span": [40, 451]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073597-0003-0000", "contents": "1956 Big Ten Conference football season\nThe 1956 Michigan State Spartans football team, under head coach Duffy Daugherty, compiled a 7\u20132 record, was ranked No. 9 in the final AP Poll, and led the Big Ten in scoring offense with an average of 26.6 points scored per game. James Hinsley was selected as the team's most valuable player.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [39, 39], "content_span": [40, 333]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073597-0004-0000", "contents": "1956 Big Ten Conference football season\nIn the final AP Poll, five Big Ten teams finished in the top 15: Iowa (#1); Michigan (#7); Michigan State (#9); Minnesota (#12); and Ohio State (#15). The conference's individual statistical leaders included Purdue quarterback Len Dawson with 856 passing yards, Purdue halfback Melvin Dillard with 873 rushing yards, and Indiana end Brad Bomba with 407 receiving yards. Ohio State guard Jim Parker won the Outland Trophy as the best interior lineman in college football.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [39, 39], "content_span": [40, 510]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073597-0005-0000", "contents": "1956 Big Ten Conference football season, Season overview, Results and team statistics\nKeyAP final = Team's rank in the final AP Poll of the 1956 seasonAP high = Team's highest rank in the AP Poll throughout the 1956 seasonPPG = Average of points scored per gamePAG = Average of points allowed per gameMVP = Most valuable player as voted by players on each team as part of the voting process to determine the winner of the Chicago Tribune Silver Football trophy; trophy winner in bold", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 85], "content_span": [86, 483]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073597-0006-0000", "contents": "1956 Big Ten Conference football season, Season overview, Preseason\nBetween the 1955 and 1956 seasons, three Big Ten teams changed head coaches as follows:", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 67], "content_span": [68, 155]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073597-0007-0000", "contents": "1956 Big Ten Conference football season, Season overview, Preseason\nIn the final AP Poll of the 1955 season, Michigan State had been ranked No. 2 and Ohio State No. 5. In the pre-season AP Poll, four Big Ten teams were ranked in the top 20: Michigan State (#2); Ohio State (#5); Michigan (#8); and Illinois (#20).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 67], "content_span": [68, 313]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073597-0008-0000", "contents": "1956 Big Ten Conference football season, Season overview, Preseason\nIn the spring of 1956, the Big Ten conducted an investigation into allegations that Ohio State coach Woody Hayes had provided financial assistance to players in violation of conference rule. Hayes admitted that he had loaned money to players but refused to provide an accounting of the loans. The investigation also discovered a \"serious irregularity\" in Ohio State's off-campus work program. In April 1956, the conference placed Ohio State on probation for one year and declared the football team ineligible to play in the 1957 Rose Bowl.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 67], "content_span": [68, 607]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073597-0009-0000", "contents": "1956 Big Ten Conference football season, Season overview, Preseason\nIn May 1956, the Big Ten sold television rights for five Big Ten football games during the 1956 season to NBC for an estimated sum of $450,000.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 67], "content_span": [68, 211]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073597-0010-0000", "contents": "1956 Big Ten Conference football season, Season overview, Preseason\nIn August 1956, Look magazine published an investigative piece alleging that Big Ten schools, including Michigan and Minnesota, were finding ways to evade the conference's rules on aid to football players.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 67], "content_span": [68, 273]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073597-0011-0000", "contents": "1956 Big Ten Conference football season, Season overview, Regular season, September 29\nOn September 29, 1956, the Big Ten football games opened the season with one conference game and eight non-conference games. The non-conference games resulted in eight wins and no losses.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 86], "content_span": [87, 274]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073597-0012-0000", "contents": "1956 Big Ten Conference football season, Season overview, Regular season, October 6\nOn October 6, 1956, the Big Ten teams played two conference games and six non-conference games. The non-conference games resulted in two wins and four losses, giving the Big Ten a non-conference record of 10\u20134.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 83], "content_span": [84, 294]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073597-0013-0000", "contents": "1956 Big Ten Conference football season, Season overview, Regular season, October 13\nOn October 13, 1956, the Big Ten teams played four conference games and two non-conference games. The non-conference games resulted in two wins and no losses, giving the Big Ten a non-conference record of 12\u20134.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 84], "content_span": [85, 295]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073597-0014-0000", "contents": "1956 Big Ten Conference football season, Season overview, Regular season, October 20\nOn October 20, 1956, the Big Ten teams played three conference games and four non-conference games. The non-conference games resulted in three wins and one loss, giving the Big Ten a non-conference record of 15\u20135.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 84], "content_span": [85, 298]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073597-0015-0000", "contents": "1956 Big Ten Conference football season, Season overview, Regular season, October 27\nOn October 27, 1956, the Big Ten teams played five conference games.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 84], "content_span": [85, 153]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073597-0016-0000", "contents": "1956 Big Ten Conference football season, Season overview, Regular season, November 3\nOn November 3, 1956, the Big Ten teams played four conference games and two non-conference games. The non-conference games resulted in two wins and no losses, giving the Big Ten a non-conference record of 17\u20135.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 84], "content_span": [85, 295]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073597-0017-0000", "contents": "1956 Big Ten Conference football season, Season overview, Regular season, November 10\nOn November 10, 1956, the Big Ten teams played five conference games.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 85], "content_span": [86, 155]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073597-0018-0000", "contents": "1956 Big Ten Conference football season, Season overview, Regular season, November 17\nOn November 17, 1956, the Big Ten teams played five conference games.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 85], "content_span": [86, 155]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073597-0019-0000", "contents": "1956 Big Ten Conference football season, Season overview, Regular season, November 24\nOn November 24, 1956, the Big Ten teams played four conference games and two non-conference games. The non-conference games resulted in two wins and no losses, giving the Big Ten a non-conference record of 19\u20135.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 85], "content_span": [86, 297]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073597-0020-0000", "contents": "1956 Big Ten Conference football season, Season overview, Bowl games\nOn January 1, 1957, Iowa defeated Oregon State, 35\u201319, in the 1957 Rose Bowl. Iowa scored five touchdowns, including a 49-yard touchdown run by Ken Ploen and a 66-yard touchdown run by Collins Hagler.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 68], "content_span": [69, 269]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073597-0021-0000", "contents": "1956 Big Ten Conference football season, Season overview, Post-season developments\nOn November 28, 1956, Bernie Crimmins, at age 37, resigned as Indiana's head football coach. He had compiled a 13\u201332 record and was unable to produce a winning team in five years in the position.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 82], "content_span": [83, 278]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073597-0022-0000", "contents": "1956 Big Ten Conference football season, Season overview, Post-season developments\nOn December 3, 1956, both the Associated Press (AP) and United Press (UP) released their final college football polls. Both organizations ranked undefeated Oklahoma at the No. 1 spot. The AP ranked five Big Ten teams among the top 20: Iowa (#3); Michigan (#7); Michigan State (#9); Minnesota (#12); and Ohio State (#15). The UP ranked four teams among the top 20: Iowa (#3); Michigan (#7); Minnesota (#9); and Michigan State (#10).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 82], "content_span": [83, 514]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073597-0023-0000", "contents": "1956 Big Ten Conference football season, Statistical leaders, Passing yards\n1. Len Dawson, Purdue (856)2. Pat Wilson, Michigan State (414)3. Steve Filipowski, Indiana (391)4. Ken Ploen, Iowa (386)5. Hiles Stout, Illinois (278)", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 75], "content_span": [76, 226]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073597-0024-0000", "contents": "1956 Big Ten Conference football season, Statistical leaders, Rushing yards\n1. Melvin Dillard, Purdue (873)2. Don Clark, Ohio State (797)3. James Roseboro, Ohio State (712)4. Bob Fee, Indiana (621)5. Abe Woodson, Illinois (599)", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 75], "content_span": [76, 227]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073597-0025-0000", "contents": "1956 Big Ten Conference football season, Statistical leaders, Receiving yards\n1. Brad Bomba, Indiana (407)2. Ron Kramer, Michigan (353)3. Abe Woodson, Illinois (257)4. Jim Gibbons, Iowa (255)5. Lamar Lundy, Purdue (248)", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 77], "content_span": [78, 219]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073597-0026-0000", "contents": "1956 Big Ten Conference football season, Statistical leaders, Total yards\n1. Melvin Dillard, Purdue (902)2. Don Clark, Ohio State (885)3. Len Dawson, Purdue (879)4. Ken Ploen, Iowa (873)5. Bobby Cox, Minnesota (793)", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 73], "content_span": [74, 215]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073597-0027-0000", "contents": "1956 Big Ten Conference football season, Statistical leaders, Point scored\n1. Terry Barr, Michigan (42)1. Don Clark, Ohio State (42)1. John Herrnstein, Michigan (42)1. Dennis Mendyk, Michigan State (42)1. James Roseboro, Ohio State (42)", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 74], "content_span": [75, 236]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073597-0028-0000", "contents": "1956 Big Ten Conference football season, Awards and honors, All-Big Ten honors\nThe following players were picked by the Associated Press (AP) and/or the United Press (UP) as first-team players on the 1956 All-Big Ten Conference football team.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 78], "content_span": [79, 242]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073597-0029-0000", "contents": "1956 Big Ten Conference football season, Awards and honors, All-American honors\nAt the end of the 1956 season, Big Ten players secured two of the consensus first-team picks for the 1956 College Football All-America Team. The Big Ten's consensus All-American was:", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 79], "content_span": [80, 262]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073597-0030-0000", "contents": "1956 Big Ten Conference football season, Awards and honors, All-American honors\nOther Big Ten players who were named first-team All-Americans by at least one selector were:", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 79], "content_span": [80, 172]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073597-0031-0000", "contents": "1956 Big Ten Conference football season, Awards and honors, Other awards\nOhio State guard Jim Parker won the Outland Trophy as the best interior lineman in college football.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 72], "content_span": [73, 173]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073597-0032-0000", "contents": "1956 Big Ten Conference football season, Awards and honors, Other awards\nOn December 4, 1956, the Heisman Trophy was awarded to Paul Hornung of Notre Dame. Three Big Ten players finished among the top 10 in the voting for the trophy. They were: Michigan end Ron Kramer (sixth), Ohio State guard Jim Parker (eighth), and Iowa quarterback Ken Ploen (ninth).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 72], "content_span": [73, 355]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073597-0033-0000", "contents": "1956 Big Ten Conference football season, 1957 NFL Draft\nThe following Big Ten players were among the first 100 picks in the 1957 NFL Draft:", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 55], "content_span": [56, 139]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073598-0000-0000", "contents": "1956 Birthday Honours\nThe Queen's Birthday Honours 1956 were appointments in many of the Commonwealth realms of Queen Elizabeth II to various orders and honours to reward and highlight good works by citizens of those countries. The appointments were made to celebrate the official birthday of The Queen.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [21, 21], "content_span": [22, 303]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073598-0001-0000", "contents": "1956 Birthday Honours\nThey were published for the United Kingdom and Colonies, Australia, and New Zealand on 25 May 1956.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [21, 21], "content_span": [22, 121]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073598-0002-0000", "contents": "1956 Birthday Honours\nThe recipients of honours are displayed here as they were styled before their new honour, and arranged by honour, with classes (Knight, Knight Grand Cross, etc.) and then divisions (Military, Civil, etc.) as appropriate.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [21, 21], "content_span": [22, 242]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073599-0000-0000", "contents": "1956 Birthday Honours (New Zealand)\nThe 1956 Queen's Birthday Honours in New Zealand, celebrating the official birthday of Elizabeth II, were appointments made by the Queen on the advice of the New Zealand government to various orders and honours to reward and highlight good works by New Zealanders. They were announced on 31 May 1956.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [35, 35], "content_span": [36, 336]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073599-0001-0000", "contents": "1956 Birthday Honours (New Zealand)\nThe recipients of honours are displayed here as they were styled before their new honour.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [35, 35], "content_span": [36, 125]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073600-0000-0000", "contents": "1956 Blaydon by-election\nThe Blaydon byelection of 2 February 1956 was a by-election held in the British House of Commons constituency of Blaydon in the North East of England.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [24, 24], "content_span": [25, 175]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073600-0001-0000", "contents": "1956 Blaydon by-election\nIt was caused by the death on 3 November 1955 of William Whiteley, the sitting Labour Party Member of Parliament for the constituency, who had first been elected in 1922 and had represented it ever since with the exception of 1931 to 1935. Labour Party candidate Robert Woof held the seat with little change in the majority.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [24, 24], "content_span": [25, 349]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073600-0002-0000", "contents": "1956 Blaydon by-election, Candidates\nLabour selected Robert Woof, who was a miner and official with the National Union of Mineworkers; Woof, who was 44, had been a member of Durham County Council since 1947. The Conservative Party candidate was John Reay-Smith, a 40-year-old solicitor who had been a member of Bishop Auckland Urban District Council and fought the constituency in the 1955 general election.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 36], "content_span": [37, 407]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073600-0003-0000", "contents": "1956 Blaydon by-election, Results\nRobert Woof won with a majority of 10,714, and went on to hold it for the next 23 years before retiring at the 1979 general election.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 33], "content_span": [34, 167]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073601-0000-0000", "contents": "1956 Bolivian Primera Divisi\u00f3n\nThe 1956 Bolivian Primera Divisi\u00f3n, the first division of Bolivian football (soccer), was played by 12 teams. The champion was Bol\u00edvar.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [30, 30], "content_span": [31, 166]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073602-0000-0000", "contents": "1956 Bolivian general election\nGeneral elections were held in Bolivia on 17 June 1956. Hern\u00e1n Siles Zuazo of the Revolutionary Nationalist Movement (MNR) was elected President with 84% of the vote, whilst the MNR won 61 of the 68 seats in the Chamber of Deputies and all 18 seats in the Senate.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [30, 30], "content_span": [31, 294]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073603-0000-0000", "contents": "1956 Boston Bruins exhibition game in Newfoundland\nThe 1956 Boston Bruins exhibition game in Newfoundland, played on April 9, was the first outdoor ice hockey game played in Canada featuring a team from the National Hockey League (NHL).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 50], "section_span": [50, 50], "content_span": [51, 236]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073603-0001-0000", "contents": "1956 Boston Bruins exhibition game in Newfoundland, Background\nThe 1955\u201356 Boston Bruins ended the 1955\u201356 NHL season in fifth place with a record of 23\u201334\u201313, missing the final playoff spot, which went to the 1955\u201356 Toronto Maple Leafs with a record of 24\u201333\u201313. On March 22, it was reported that the Bruins would play an exhibition series of games \"throughout the Maritimes and possibly Newfoundland.\" During this era, it was customary for NHL teams that did not make the playoffs to go on a postseason exhibition tour.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 50], "section_span": [52, 62], "content_span": [63, 522]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073603-0002-0000", "contents": "1956 Boston Bruins exhibition game in Newfoundland, Background\nStarting in late March 1956, the Bruins played exhibition games in New Brunswick, including a seven-game series against the Beavers of Saint John contested at multiple venues. The Bruins then played in Newfoundland at Corner Brook (April 7), Bay Roberts (April 9), St. John's (April 10\u201312), Grand Falls (April 14), and Gander (date unclear). These exhibition games were not held under normal rules, as members of the Bruins would sometimes change teams with local players.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 50], "section_span": [52, 62], "content_span": [63, 535]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073603-0003-0000", "contents": "1956 Boston Bruins exhibition game in Newfoundland, Game\nThe April 9 game was played in Bay Roberts, Newfoundland, at the Conception Bay Sports Arena, an unfinished outdoor arena with an artificial ice surface that had opened in February 1956. In keeping with the exhibition nature of the game, each of the four local teams from the Conception Bay North Hockey League played a period against the Bruins, and the game wound up with a \"free-for-all\" where all 23 members of the local teams played at once against the Bruins. At some point, local player Gerard Saunders scored a goal against Bruins' goaltender Terry Sawchuk, one of only three goals that Sawchuk allowed during the Newfoundland exhibition games.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 50], "section_span": [52, 56], "content_span": [57, 709]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073603-0004-0000", "contents": "1956 Boston Bruins exhibition game in Newfoundland, Game\nThe game was historic as it was only the second ice hockey match played outdoors that featured an NHL team\u2014the first had been the 1954 Detroit Red Wings prison game in Michigan. It also had significance as the first outdoor game in Canada featuring an NHL team, and the first to be open to public spectators. The next outdoor game to be held in Canada with NHL participation would be the 2003 Heritage Classic in Edmonton.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 50], "section_span": [52, 56], "content_span": [57, 479]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073604-0000-0000", "contents": "1956 Boston College Eagles football team\nThe 1956 Boston College Eagles football team represented Boston College during the 1956 NCAA University Division football season. The Eagles were led by sixth-year head coach Mike Holovak and played their home games at Fenway Park in Boston, Massachusetts.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [40, 40], "content_span": [41, 297]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073605-0000-0000", "contents": "1956 Boston Red Sox season\nThe 1956 Boston Red Sox season was the 56th season in the franchise's Major League Baseball history. The Red Sox finished fourth in the American League (AL) with a record of 84 wins and 70 losses, 13 games behind the New York Yankees, who went on to win the 1956 World Series.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [26, 26], "content_span": [27, 303]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073605-0001-0000", "contents": "1956 Boston Red Sox season, Player stats, Batting, Starters by position\nNote: Pos = Position; G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [28, 71], "content_span": [72, 196]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073605-0002-0000", "contents": "1956 Boston Red Sox season, Player stats, Batting, Other batters\nNote: G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [28, 64], "content_span": [65, 173]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073605-0003-0000", "contents": "1956 Boston Red Sox season, Player stats, Pitching, Starting pitchers\nNote: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [28, 69], "content_span": [70, 180]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073605-0004-0000", "contents": "1956 Boston Red Sox season, Player stats, Pitching, Other pitchers\nNote: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [28, 66], "content_span": [67, 177]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073605-0005-0000", "contents": "1956 Boston Red Sox season, Player stats, Pitching, Relief pitchers\nNote: G = Games pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; SV = Saves; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [28, 67], "content_span": [68, 168]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073606-0000-0000", "contents": "1956 Boston University Terriers football team\nThe 1956 Boston University Terriers football team was an American football team that represented Boston University as an independent during the 1956 college football season. In its tenth and final season under head coach Aldo Donelli, the team compiled a 1\u20135\u20132 record and was outscored by a total of 166 to 96.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 45], "section_span": [45, 45], "content_span": [46, 356]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073607-0000-0000", "contents": "1956 Bowling Green Falcons football team\nThe 1956 Bowling Green Falcons football team was an American football team that represented Bowling Green State University in the Mid-American Conference (MAC) during the 1956 NCAA University Division football season. In their second season under head coach Doyt Perry, the Falcons compiled an 8\u20130\u20131 record (5\u20130\u20131 against MAC opponents), won the MAC championship, and outscored all opponents by a combined total of 311 to 99.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [40, 40], "content_span": [41, 466]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073607-0001-0000", "contents": "1956 Bowling Green Falcons football team\nThe team's statistical leaders were Don Nehlen with 362 passing yards, Vic DeOrio with 816 rushing yards, and Ray Reese with 183 receiving yards. Jack Giroux received the team's Most Valuable Player award. The team set a school record, which still stands, with 10 touchdowns in a 73-0 victory over Defiance College on September 15, 1956.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [40, 40], "content_span": [41, 378]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073608-0000-0000", "contents": "1956 Bradley Braves baseball team\nThe 1956 Bradley Braves baseball team represented Bradley University in the 1956 NCAA baseball season. The Braves played their home games at Tom Connor Field. The team was coached by Leo Schrall in his 8th year at Bradley.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [33, 33], "content_span": [34, 256]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073608-0001-0000", "contents": "1956 Bradley Braves baseball team\nThe Braves won the District V playoff to advance to the College World Series, where they were defeated by the Minnesota Golden Gophers.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [33, 33], "content_span": [34, 169]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073609-0000-0000", "contents": "1956 British Columbia general election\nThe 1956 British Columbia general election was the 25th general election in the Province of British Columbia, Canada. It was held to elect members of the Legislative Assembly of British Columbia. The election was called on August 13, 1956, and held on September 19, 1956. The new legislature met for the first time on February 7, 1957.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [38, 38], "content_span": [39, 374]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073609-0001-0000", "contents": "1956 British Columbia general election\nThe conservative Social Credit of Premier W.A.C. Bennett was re-elected with a majority in the legislature to a third term in government with over 45% of the popular vote.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [38, 38], "content_span": [39, 210]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073609-0002-0000", "contents": "1956 British Columbia general election\nThe British Columbia Liberal Party lost two of its four seats despite winning over 20% of the popular vote.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [38, 38], "content_span": [39, 146]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073609-0003-0000", "contents": "1956 British Columbia general election\nThe Progressive Conservative Party lost its single seat in the legislature, and would not win a seat again until the 1972 election.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [38, 38], "content_span": [39, 170]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073609-0004-0000", "contents": "1956 British Columbia general election\nOne seat was won by a Labour candidate, Tom Uphill of Fernie.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [38, 38], "content_span": [39, 100]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073609-0005-0000", "contents": "1956 British Columbia general election\nThis election was first after BC switched from Alternative Voting (IRV) (in both single and multi-member districts) back to its historic system that used First Past The Post in single-member districts and Block Voting in multi-member districts.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [38, 38], "content_span": [39, 283]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073609-0006-0000", "contents": "1956 British Columbia general election, Results\n* Party did not nominate candidates in the previous election.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 47], "content_span": [48, 109]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073610-0000-0000", "contents": "1956 British Grand Prix\nThe 1956 British Grand Prix was a Formula One motor race held on 14 July 1956 at Silverstone. It was race 6 of 8 in the 1956 World Championship of Drivers.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [23, 23], "content_span": [24, 179]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073611-0000-0000", "contents": "1956 British Togoland status plebiscite\nThe 1956 British Togoland status plebiscite was held in British Togoland on 9 May 1956. Since World War I the territory had been a League of Nations mandate, then a United Nations Trust Territory under British control. The referendum offered residents the choice of remaining a Trust Territory until neighbouring French Togoland had decided upon its future, or becoming part of soon-to-be Ghana. The Togoland native and dominant ethnic group, the Togolese Ewe people, Togolese Ewe-based Togoland Congress campaigned against and preferred amalgamation with French Togoland.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [39, 39], "content_span": [40, 612]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073611-0001-0000", "contents": "1956 British Togoland status plebiscite\nThe eventual result was reported to be 58% in favour of integration, although in the southern part of the territory 55% of voters had voted for separation from Gold Coast and continued UN Trusteeship.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [39, 39], "content_span": [40, 240]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073612-0000-0000", "contents": "1956 Brooklyn Dodgers season\nThe 1956 Brooklyn Dodgers edged out the Milwaukee Braves to win the National League title. The Dodgers again faced the New York Yankees in the World Series. This time they lost the series in seven games, one of which was a perfect game by the Yankees' Don Larsen.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [28, 28], "content_span": [29, 292]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073612-0001-0000", "contents": "1956 Brooklyn Dodgers season, Regular season\nDon Newcombe won the NL MVP award and the very first Cy Young Award. He was the first pitcher to win the National League MVP and the Cy Young Award in the same season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 44], "content_span": [45, 212]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073612-0002-0000", "contents": "1956 Brooklyn Dodgers season, Regular season\nDuring the season, the Dodgers played seven home games at Roosevelt Stadium in Jersey City, New Jersey, as part of owner Walter O'Malley's continued attempts to pressure Brooklyn to allow him to build a new stadium in his preferred location at Flatbush and Atlantic Avenues. The first of these games was on April 19.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 44], "content_span": [45, 361]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073612-0003-0000", "contents": "1956 Brooklyn Dodgers season, Player stats, Batting, Starters by position\nNote: Pos = Position; G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 73], "content_span": [74, 198]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073612-0004-0000", "contents": "1956 Brooklyn Dodgers season, Player stats, Batting, Other batters\nNote: G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 66], "content_span": [67, 175]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073612-0005-0000", "contents": "1956 Brooklyn Dodgers season, Player stats, Pitching, Starting pitchers\nNote: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 71], "content_span": [72, 182]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073612-0006-0000", "contents": "1956 Brooklyn Dodgers season, Player stats, Pitching, Other pitchers\nNote: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 68], "content_span": [69, 179]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073612-0007-0000", "contents": "1956 Brooklyn Dodgers season, Player stats, Pitching, Relief pitchers\nNote: G = Games pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; SV = Saves; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 69], "content_span": [70, 170]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073612-0008-0000", "contents": "1956 Brooklyn Dodgers season, 1956 World Series, Game 1\nOctober 3, 1956, at Ebbets Field in Brooklyn, New York", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 55], "content_span": [56, 110]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073612-0009-0000", "contents": "1956 Brooklyn Dodgers season, 1956 World Series, Game 2\nOctober 5, 1956, at Ebbets Field in Brooklyn, New York", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 55], "content_span": [56, 110]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073612-0010-0000", "contents": "1956 Brooklyn Dodgers season, 1956 World Series, Game 3\nOctober 6, 1956, at Yankee Stadium in New York City", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 55], "content_span": [56, 107]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073612-0011-0000", "contents": "1956 Brooklyn Dodgers season, 1956 World Series, Game 4\nOctober 7, 1956, at Yankee Stadium in New York City", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 55], "content_span": [56, 107]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073612-0012-0000", "contents": "1956 Brooklyn Dodgers season, 1956 World Series, Game 5\nOctober 8, 1956, at Yankee Stadium in New York City", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 55], "content_span": [56, 107]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073612-0013-0000", "contents": "1956 Brooklyn Dodgers season, 1956 World Series, Game 6\nOctober 9, 1956, at Ebbets Field in Brooklyn, New York", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 55], "content_span": [56, 110]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073612-0014-0000", "contents": "1956 Brooklyn Dodgers season, 1956 World Series, Game 7\nOctober 10, 1956, at Ebbets Field in Brooklyn, New York", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 55], "content_span": [56, 111]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073613-0000-0000", "contents": "1956 Brown Bears football team\nThe 1956 Brown Bears football team was an American football team that represented Brown University as a member of the Ivy League during the 1956 NCAA University Division football season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [30, 30], "content_span": [31, 217]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073613-0001-0000", "contents": "1956 Brown Bears football team\nIn their sixth season under head coach Alva Kelley, the Bears compiled a 5\u20134 record and outscored opponents 124 to 94. Richard \"Dick\" Bence was the team captain.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [30, 30], "content_span": [31, 192]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073613-0002-0000", "contents": "1956 Brown Bears football team\nThe Bears' 3\u20134 conference record was good for fifth in the Ivy League. This was the first season of formal play for the Ivy League, although the Bears' previous  independent schedules, dating back to the 19th century, often featured future Ivy opponents. Six of the seven Ivy matchups on Brown's 1956 schedule had been present on the 1955 slate, as well (as had the two remaining non-Ivy fixtures, Colgate and URI).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [30, 30], "content_span": [31, 446]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073613-0003-0000", "contents": "1956 Brown Bears football team\nBrown played its home games at Brown Stadium in Providence, Rhode Island.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [30, 30], "content_span": [31, 104]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073614-0000-0000", "contents": "1956 Brownlow Medal\nThe 1956 Brownlow Medal was the 29th year the award was presented to the player adjudged the fairest and best player during the Victorian Football League (VFL) home and away season. Peter Box of the Footscray Football Club won the medal by polling twenty-two votes during the 1956 VFL season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [19, 19], "content_span": [20, 312]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073615-0000-0000", "contents": "1956 Bucknell Bison football team\nThe 1956 Bucknell Bison football team was an American football team that represented Bucknell University as an independent during the 1956 NCAA College Division football season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [33, 33], "content_span": [34, 211]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073615-0001-0000", "contents": "1956 Bucknell Bison football team\nIn its 11th season under head coach Harry Lawrence, the team compiled a 3\u20135 record. Don Koppes and Ralph Riker were the team captains.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [33, 33], "content_span": [34, 168]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073615-0002-0000", "contents": "1956 Bucknell Bison football team\nThe team played its home games at Memorial Stadium on the university campus in Lewisburg, Pennsylvania.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [33, 33], "content_span": [34, 137]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073616-0000-0000", "contents": "1956 Buddy Shuman 250\nThe 1956 Buddy Shuman 250 was a NASCAR Grand National Series event that was held on November 11, 1956, at Hickory Speedway in Hickory, North Carolina.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [21, 21], "content_span": [22, 172]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073616-0001-0000", "contents": "1956 Buddy Shuman 250, Background\nHickory Motor Speedway is a short track located in Hickory, North Carolina. It is one of stock car racing's most storied venues, and is often referred to as the \"World's Most Famous Short Track\" and the \"Birthplace of the NASCAR Stars\".", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [23, 33], "content_span": [34, 270]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073616-0002-0000", "contents": "1956 Buddy Shuman 250, Background\nThe track first opened in 1951 as a 1\u20442-mile (0.80\u00a0km) dirt track. Gwyn Staley won the first race at the speedway and later became the first track champion. Drivers such as Junior Johnson, Ned Jarrett, and Ralph Earnhardt also became track champions in the 1950s, with Earnhardt  winning five of them.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [23, 33], "content_span": [34, 335]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073616-0003-0000", "contents": "1956 Buddy Shuman 250, Background\nIn 1953, NASCAR's Grand National Series visited the track for the first time. Tim Flock won the first race at the speedway, which became a regular part of the Grand National schedule. After winning his track championship in 1952, Junior Johnson became the most successful Grand National driver at Hickory, winning there seven times.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [23, 33], "content_span": [34, 366]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073616-0004-0000", "contents": "1956 Buddy Shuman 250, Background\nThe track has been re-configured three times in its history. The track became a 0.4-mile (644 meters) dirt track in 1955, which was paved for the first time during the 1967 season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [23, 33], "content_span": [34, 214]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073616-0005-0000", "contents": "1956 Buddy Shuman 250, Race report\nRalph Earnhardt would make his NASCAR Cup Series debut here; being the first member of the Earnhardt family to enter the organization. 250 laps took place on a dirt track that spanned 0.400 miles or 0.644 kilometres per lap; for a grand total of 100.0 miles or 160.9 kilometres. The race took one hour and thirty minutes to successfully conclude with Speedy Thompson defeating Earnhardt by four seconds in front of 3500 live spectators. The average speed of the race would be 66.420 miles per hour or 106.893 kilometres per hour while the pole position winner would dial in at a speed of 68.278 miles per hour or 109.883 kilometres per hour. All 22 racers on the starting grid were American-born males.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [23, 34], "content_span": [35, 737]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073616-0006-0000", "contents": "1956 Buddy Shuman 250, Race report\nOther notable racers of the era like Tiny Lund, Lee Petty, and Buck Baker would make an appearance during this race. Billy Carden would be credited for making the race's last-place finish with a clutch problem on lap 9. DePaolo Engineering would sponsor four of the drivers in the race (Earnhardt, Ralph Moody, Bill Amick, and Carden). This would be the last NASCAR race for Junior Johnson before he went to jail for 11 months for his illegal moonshine activities.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [23, 34], "content_span": [35, 499]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073616-0007-0000", "contents": "1956 Buddy Shuman 250, Race report\nThe combined prize purse for this race was $4,285; with the winner (Speedy Thompson) taking home $850 ($8,091 when adjusted for inflation) while Pete Yow would be the 20th-place finisher bringing home a meager $50 ($476 when adjusted for inflation). Blackie Pitt and Billy Carden both failed to make a paycheck during this race; causing them to lose money for their hard efforts.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [23, 34], "content_span": [35, 414]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073616-0008-0000", "contents": "1956 Buddy Shuman 250, Race report\nCarl Kiekhaefer was the only notable crew chief on attendance for this race.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [23, 34], "content_span": [35, 111]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073616-0009-0000", "contents": "1956 Buddy Shuman 250, Race report\nBy the 1990s, NASCAR's top-level series became a media circus that only races at facilities that are worth hundreds of millions of dollars.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [23, 34], "content_span": [35, 174]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073616-0010-0000", "contents": "1956 Buddy Shuman 250, Finishing order\n\u2020 signifies that the driver is known to be deceased * Driver failed to finish race", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [23, 38], "content_span": [39, 121]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073617-0000-0000", "contents": "1956 Buenos Aires Grand Prix\nThe 1956 Buenos Aires Grand Prix was a Formula Libre race held on 5 February 1956 in Mendoza, Argentina. The race was won over a distance of 60 laps by Argentine driver Juan Manuel Fangio from the Scuderia Ferrari team in his Lancia-Ferrari D50.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [28, 28], "content_span": [29, 274]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073618-0000-0000", "contents": "1956 Buffalo Bulls football team\nThe 1956 Buffalo Bulls football team was an American football team that represented the University of Buffalo as an independent during the 1956 NCAA College Division football season. In its second season under head coach Dick Offenhamer, the team compiled a 5\u20133 record. The team played its home games at Rotary Field in Buffalo, New York.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [32, 32], "content_span": [33, 371]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073619-0000-0000", "contents": "1956 Bulgarian Cup\nThe 1956 Bulgarian Cup was the 16th season of the Bulgarian Cup (in this period the tournament was named Cup of the Soviet Army). Levski Sofia won the competition, beating Botev Plovdiv 5\u20132 in the final at the Vasil Levski National Stadium in Sofia.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 18], "section_span": [18, 18], "content_span": [19, 268]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073620-0000-0000", "contents": "1956 Bulgarian Cup Final\nThe 1956 Bulgarian Cup Final was the 16th final of the Bulgarian Cup (in this period the tournament was named Cup of the Soviet Army), and was contested between Levski Sofia and Botev Plovdiv on 18 November 1956 at Vasil Levski National Stadium in Sofia. Levski won the final 5\u20132.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [24, 24], "content_span": [25, 305]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073621-0000-0000", "contents": "1956 Burmese general election\nGeneral elections were held in Burma to vote for 202 out of 250 seats to the Burmese Chamber of Deputies; the remaining 48 members (all from the Anti- Fascist People's Freedom League, AFPFL) were elected unopposed as no opposition candidates stood against them.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [29, 29], "content_span": [30, 291]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073621-0001-0000", "contents": "1956 Burmese general election\nThe AFPFL, a former wartime resistance organisation, won the elections with a reduced majority. After the election, U Nu, leader of the AFPFL, temporarily retired to reform the party and its policies.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [29, 29], "content_span": [30, 230]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073621-0002-0000", "contents": "1956 Burmese general election\nThe second part of the election to elect members to the Chamber of Nationalities took place on 22 May after the election commission stated that \"rebel intimidation and the lack of security prevented the people from exercising freedom of choice\". Voter turnout was 47.8%.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [29, 29], "content_span": [30, 300]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073621-0003-0000", "contents": "1956 Burmese general election, Campaign\nThe AFPFL, National United Front (NUF) and smaller parties participated in the election. The NUF was successful in gaining media attention and organising trade union and peasant organisations. However, the AFPFL was concerned at alleged funding by foreign embassies of the NUF. A number of smaller parties represented different ethnic groups and were more local than national. Meanwhile, U Nu of the AFPFL advocated his long held policy of neutrality.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 39], "content_span": [40, 491]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073621-0004-0000", "contents": "1956 Burmese general election, Conduct\nAfter identifying themselves and voting, voters would dip their forefinger in green indelible ink. Opposition parties complained of minor irregularities regarding election lists. Due to the security situation, the army was told to ensure free and fair elections but not to intimidate voters. Students in the capital Rangoon had threatened to cause disorder after one of their leaders was killed by police, however this did not materialise.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 38], "content_span": [39, 478]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073622-0000-0000", "contents": "1956 CCCF Youth Championship\nThe 1956 CCCF Youth Championship was an age restricted association football competition organised by the CCCF. All games were hosted in San Salvador and took place in December.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [28, 28], "content_span": [29, 205]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073623-0000-0000", "contents": "1956 Cal Aggies football team\nThe 1956 Cal Aggies football team represented the Northern Branch of the College of Agriculture in the 1956 NCAA College Division football season. The team was known as either the Cal Aggies or California Aggies, and competed in the Far Western Conference (FWC).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [29, 29], "content_span": [30, 292]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073623-0001-0000", "contents": "1956 Cal Aggies football team\nThe Aggies were led by head coach Will Lotter in his second year as head coach, but first in this second tenure. He had previously coached during the 1954 season. They played home games at Aggie Field. The Aggies finished the season in a three-way tie as co-champion of the FWC, with a record of seven wins and three losses (7\u20133, 4\u20131 FWC). They outscored their opponents 146\u201378 for the 1956 season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [29, 29], "content_span": [30, 428]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073623-0002-0000", "contents": "1956 Cal Aggies football team, NFL Draft\nNo Cal Aggies players were selected in the 1957 NFL Draft.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 40], "content_span": [41, 99]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073624-0000-0000", "contents": "1956 Cal Poly Mustangs football team\nThe 1956 Cal Poly Mustangs football team represented California Polytechnic State University during the 1956 NCAA College Division football season. Cal Poly competed in the California Collegiate Athletic Association (CCAA).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [36, 36], "content_span": [37, 260]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073624-0001-0000", "contents": "1956 Cal Poly Mustangs football team\nThe team was led by seventh-year head coach LeRoy Hughes and played home games at Mustang Stadium in San Luis Obispo, California. They finished the season with a record of seven wins and three losses (7\u20133, 0\u20132 CCAA). The Mustangs scored 270 points while giving up 116 in the 1956 season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [36, 36], "content_span": [37, 324]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073624-0002-0000", "contents": "1956 Cal Poly Mustangs football team, Team players in the NFL\nNo Cal Poly Mustangs were selected in the 1957 NFL Draft.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 61], "content_span": [62, 119]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073625-0000-0000", "contents": "1956 Cal Poly San Dimas Broncos football team\nThe 1956 Cal Poly San Dimas Broncos football team represented Cal Poly Voorhis Unit during the 1956 NCAA College Division football season. Cal Poly played as an independent in 1956.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 45], "section_span": [45, 45], "content_span": [46, 227]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073625-0001-0000", "contents": "1956 Cal Poly San Dimas Broncos football team\nCal Poly San Dimas was led by head coach Bob Stull, in his first and only year at the helm. The Broncos finished the season with a record of six wins and two losses (6\u20132). Overall, the team outscored its opponents 215\u201384 for the season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 45], "section_span": [45, 45], "content_span": [46, 282]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073625-0002-0000", "contents": "1956 Cal Poly San Dimas Broncos football team, Team players in the NFL\nNo Cal Poly San Dimas players were selected in the 1957 NFL Draft.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 45], "section_span": [47, 70], "content_span": [71, 137]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073626-0000-0000", "contents": "1956 Calgary Stampeders season\nThe 1956 Calgary Stampeders finished in 5th place in the W.I.F.U. with a 4\u201312 record and failed to make the playoffs.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [30, 30], "content_span": [31, 148]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073627-0000-0000", "contents": "1956 California Golden Bears football team\nThe 1956 California Golden Bears football team was an American football team that represented the University of California, Berkeley in the Pacific Coast Conference (PCC) during the 1956 NCAA University Division football season. In their 10th and final year under head coach Pappy Waldorf, the Golden Bears compiled a 3\u20137 record (2\u20135 against PCC opponents), finished in eighth place in the PCC, and were outscored by their opponents by a combined total of 181 to 135.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 42], "section_span": [42, 42], "content_span": [43, 510]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073627-0001-0000", "contents": "1956 California Golden Bears football team\nAt the Big Game and even though they even though they were a 14-point underdog, the Bears beat Stanford. Waldorf's players knew that it was his last game and following the win they carried him off the field on their shoulders. Pappy Waldorf was inducted into the College Football Hall of Fame in 1966. [ 1]", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 42], "section_span": [42, 42], "content_span": [43, 349]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073627-0002-0000", "contents": "1956 California Golden Bears football team\nThat season, team's statistical leaders included Joe Kapp with 667 passing yards, Herb Jackson with 462 rushing yards, and Norm Becker with 313 receiving yards. Kapp was inducted into the College Football Hall of Fame in 2004.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 42], "section_span": [42, 42], "content_span": [43, 269]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073628-0000-0000", "contents": "1956 Cameroonian Territorial Assembly election\nTerritorial Assembly elections were held in French Cameroon on 23 December 1956. The result was a victory for the Cameroonian Union, which won 30 of the 70 seats in the Territorial Assembly. Voter turnout was 41.4%.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 46], "section_span": [46, 46], "content_span": [47, 262]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073629-0000-0000", "contents": "1956 Campeonato Argentino de Rugby\nThe 1956 Campeonato Argentino de Rugby  was won by the selection of Buenos Aires Province (\"Provincia\") that beat in the final the selection of La Plata.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [34, 34], "content_span": [35, 188]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073629-0001-0000", "contents": "1956 Campeonato Argentino de Rugby\nTwelve team participated, because the club of Santa F\u00e8 Province left the Uni\u00f3n de Rugby del R\u00edo Paran\u00e0 founding the Uni\u00f3n santafesina de rugby. Cause the contemporary Oxford-Cambridge combined tour, \"Provincia\" and \"Capital\" selection were directly admitted to semifinals", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [34, 34], "content_span": [35, 306]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073630-0000-0000", "contents": "1956 Campeonato Carioca\nThe 1956 edition of the Campeonato Carioca kicked off on July 21, 1956 and ended on December 23, 1956. It was organized by FMF (Federa\u00e7\u00e3o Metropolitana de Futebol, or Metropolitan Football Federation). Twelve teams participated. Vasco da Gama won the title for the 11th time. no teams were relegated.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [23, 23], "content_span": [24, 324]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073630-0001-0000", "contents": "1956 Campeonato Carioca, System\nThe tournament would be disputed in a double round-robin format, with the team with the most points winning the title.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 31], "content_span": [32, 150]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073631-0000-0000", "contents": "1956 Campeonato Paulista\nThe 1956 Campeonato Paulista da Primeira Divis\u00e3o, organized by the Federa\u00e7\u00e3o Paulista de Futebol, was the 55th season of S\u00e3o Paulo's top professional football league. Santos won the title for the third time. no teams were relegated and the top scorer was S\u00e3o Paulo's Zezinho with 18 goals.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [24, 24], "content_span": [25, 314]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073632-0000-0000", "contents": "1956 Campeonato Profesional\nThe 1956 Campeonato Profesional was the ninth season of Colombia's top-flight football league. 13 teams compete against one another and played each weekend. Atl\u00e9tico Quind\u00edo won the league for 1st time in its history after getting 37 points. Independiente Medell\u00edn, the defending champion, was 5th with 30 points.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [27, 27], "content_span": [28, 341]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073632-0001-0000", "contents": "1956 Campeonato Profesional, Background\n13 teams competed in the tournament: Deportivo Pereira, Atl\u00e9tico Bucaramanga and Uni\u00f3n Magdalena returned, Deportivo Cali was not admitted, and Libertad de Barranquilla was created. Atl\u00e9tico Quind\u00edo won the championship for first time, with its goalscorer Jaime Guti\u00e9rrez becoming the first Colombian topscorer in the league (before him, only foreign players achieved this).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 39], "content_span": [40, 414]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073632-0002-0000", "contents": "1956 Campeonato Profesional, League system\nEvery team played two games against each other team, one at home and one away. Teams received two points for a win and one point for a draw. If two or more teams were tied on points, places were determined by goal difference. The team with the most points is the champion of the league.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 42], "content_span": [43, 329]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073633-0000-0000", "contents": "1956 Canada Cup\nThe 1956 Canada Cup took place 24\u201326 June on the West Course at the Wentworth Club in Virginia Water, Surrey, England. It was the fourth Canada Cup event, which became the World Cup in 1967. The tournament was a 72-hole stroke play team event with 29 teams. The Scandinavian team that had competed in 1954 and 1955 was replaced by teams from Denmark and Sweden, while there were new teams from Chinese Taipei, Portugal and South Korea. Each team consisted of two players from a country. The combined score of each team determined the team results.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 15], "section_span": [15, 15], "content_span": [16, 563]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073633-0000-0001", "contents": "1956 Canada Cup\n18 holes were played on the first two days with 36 holes played on the final day. Because of the time taken to play each round, a cut was introduced after the second day, with only the leading 20 teams competing on the final day. An 18-hole consolation event was held for the remaining 9 teams. There was provision for an individual in one of these 9 teams to complete the 72 holes if they were well-placed after the second day.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 15], "section_span": [15, 15], "content_span": [16, 444]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073633-0001-0000", "contents": "1956 Canada Cup\nThe American team of Ben Hogan and Sam Snead won by 14 strokes over the South African team of Bobby Locke and Gary Player. The individual competition was won by Hogan, five shots ahead of Roberto De Vicenzo.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 15], "section_span": [15, 15], "content_span": [16, 223]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073633-0002-0000", "contents": "1956 Canada Cup, Teams\nNote: De Vicenzo was representing Mexico, having played for Argentina in the three previous Canada Cup events.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 15], "section_span": [17, 22], "content_span": [23, 133]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073634-0000-0000", "contents": "1956 Cannes Film Festival\nThe 9th Cannes Film Festival was held from 23 April to 10 May 1956. The Palme d'Or went to The Silent World by Jacques-Yves Cousteau and Louis Malle. The festival opened with Marie-Antoinette reine de France, directed by Jean Delannoy and closed with Il tetto by Vittorio De Sica.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [25, 25], "content_span": [26, 306]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073634-0001-0000", "contents": "1956 Cannes Film Festival\nIn an effort to resolve some issues caused by the Cold War climate of the time, like special treatment towards Americans (who gave financial assistance to the festival) which displeased the Eastern Bloc, a decision to have films withdrawn under certain conditions had been put in place. This decision in turn had become a divisive issue in the festival, as it was seen as censorship. In 1956 it was decided to eliminate all such censorship from the selection and thereby start a new era in the festival.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [25, 25], "content_span": [26, 529]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073634-0002-0000", "contents": "1956 Cannes Film Festival, Jury\nThe following people were appointed as the Jury of the 1956 competition:", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [27, 31], "content_span": [32, 104]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073634-0003-0000", "contents": "1956 Cannes Film Festival, Short film competition\nThe following short films competed for the Short Film Palme d'Or:", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [27, 49], "content_span": [50, 115]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073635-0000-0000", "contents": "1956 Caribbean Series\nThe eighth edition of the Caribbean Series (Serie del Caribe) was played in 1956. It was held from February 10 through February 15, featuring the champion baseball teams of Cuba, Elefantes de Cienfuegos; Panama, Chesterfield Smokers; Puerto Rico, Criollos de Caguas and Venezuela, Industriales de Valencia. The format consisted of 12 games, each team facing the other teams twice. The games were played at Estadio Ol\u00edmpico de Panam\u00e1 in Panama City, Panama.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [21, 21], "content_span": [22, 478]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073635-0001-0000", "contents": "1956 Caribbean Series, Summary\nIn this edition, Cienfuegos won the first of five consecutive Series titles for the Cuban team. Cienfuegos was managed by Oscar Rodr\u00edguez and finished with a 5-1 record. The pitching staff was guided by Camilo Pascual (2-0, 11 strikeouts, 2.50 ERA), Pedro Ramos (2-0, 1.59 ERA) and Ren\u00e9 Guti\u00e9rrez (1-0, 0.00 ERA in 9\u2153 innings). The offense was clearly led by catcher and Series MVP Ray Noble (.400 BA, one home run, .654 OBP and 1B Bob Boyd (.304 BA, one HR, 11 RBI, .522 SLG).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [23, 30], "content_span": [31, 508]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073635-0001-0001", "contents": "1956 Caribbean Series, Summary\nOther contributions came from 2B Curt Roberts (.375, one HR, six runs, .542 SLG), Chico Fern\u00e1ndez (.269, 10 runs, one HR) and 3B Milt Smith (two HR, .522 SLG). The roster also included IF Ossie Alvarez, OFs Prentice Browne and Archie Wilson and Ps Sandalio Consuegra, Seth Morehead and Gene Bearden, among others.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [23, 30], "content_span": [31, 344]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073635-0002-0000", "contents": "1956 Caribbean Series, Summary\nPanama, with Standford Graham at the helm, posted a 3-3 record to tie Puerto Rico for second place. Ps Don Elston, Ross Grimsley and Wally Burnette got the victories while 1B El\u00edas Osorio (.286, 3 HR, .762 SLG) led the offense. Grimsley made the All-Star team, as well as OFs Bobby Prescott and Bill Stewart. The line up was also filled with H\u00e9ctor L\u00f3pez (2B), Humberto Robinson (P), David Roberts (OF) and Joe Tuminelli (3B).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [23, 30], "content_span": [31, 457]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073635-0003-0000", "contents": "1956 Caribbean Series, Summary\nPuerto Rico was managed by Ben Geraghty and got wins from Taylor Phillips, Roberto Vargas and Chi-Chi Olivo, while 1B Lou Limmer (.350, three HR, six runs, eight RBI) provided punch in the lineup. Also in the roster were Ps Tom Lasorda and Paul Stuffel, and Cs Bill Cash and Ray Murray; IFs Daryl Spencer (2B), V\u00edctor Pellot Power (3B) and F\u00e9lix Mantilla (SS), as well as OFs Wes Covington and Chuck Harmon.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [23, 30], "content_span": [31, 438]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073635-0004-0000", "contents": "1956 Caribbean Series, Summary\nVenezuela was managed by Regino Otero and finished in last place with a 1-5 mark. The team was outscored by their opponents 47-14. Bright spots were Ps Turk Farrell and Jim Pearce. Farrell recorded the lone win against Puerto Rico in a one-run, one hit  effort, while Pearce took an 11-inning, 2-1 loss to Panama, striking out nine batters without giving a walk. Valencia also featured Ed Bailey (C), Tommy Brown (1B), Elio Chac\u00f3n (CF), Emilio Cueche (P), Juli\u00e1n Ladera (P) and Ron Mrozinski (P).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [23, 30], "content_span": [31, 527]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073636-0000-0000", "contents": "1956 Central Michigan Chippewas football team\nThe 1956 Central Michigan Chippewas football team was an American football team that represented Central Michigan College, renamed Central Michigan University in 1959, in the Interstate Intercollegiate Athletic Conference during the 1956 NCAA College Division football season. In their sixth season under head coach Bill Kelly, the Chippewas compiled a perfect 9\u20130 record, won the Interstate Intercollegiate Athletic Conference (IIAC) championship for the fifth consecutive year, and outscored their opponents by a combined total of 313 to 92. The team set multiple school records that still stand, including allowing 797 rushing yards (88.5 yards per game) and allowing only 1,292 net yards. The 1956 season was part of the longest winning streak in school history, 15 games running from October 8, 1955, to November 10, 1956.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 45], "section_span": [45, 45], "content_span": [46, 873]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073636-0001-0000", "contents": "1956 Central Michigan Chippewas football team\nThe team's statistical leaders included quarterback Herb Kipke with 490 passing yards (36 of 68 passing) and halfback Jim Podoley with 655 rushing yards (100 carries) and 211 receiving yards (11 receptions).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 45], "section_span": [45, 45], "content_span": [46, 253]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073636-0002-0000", "contents": "1956 Central Michigan Chippewas football team\nPodoley set three Central Michigan records in 1956 that still stand. The first and second are his six touchdowns and 36 points scored against Eastern Illinois in his final college game on November 10, 1956, and the third is his season average of 29.0 yards per punt return. In his final home game on November 3, 1956, Podoley ran for a touchdown and passed for another in a 19-0 victory over Eastern Michigan. Podoley played for Central Michigan from 1953 to 1956, and his jersey (No. 62) is the only number retired in Central Michigan football history. He was inducted into the Central Michigan Athletic Hall of Fame in 1984.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 45], "section_span": [45, 45], "content_span": [46, 672]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073636-0003-0000", "contents": "1956 Central Michigan Chippewas football team\nTackle Oliver Porter received the team's most valuable player award. Five Central Michigan players (Kipke, Podoley, end Tim Burdon, fullback Bob McNamara, and tackle Oliver Porter) received first-team honors on the All-IIAC team.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 45], "section_span": [45, 45], "content_span": [46, 275]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073637-0000-0000", "contents": "1956 Ceylonese parliamentary election\nParliamentary elections were held in Ceylon  in 1956. They were a watershed in the country's political history, and was the first elections fought to challenge the ruling United National Party. The former Leader of the House, S.W.R.D. Bandaranaike who was passed over after the death of the first Prime Minister D. S. Senanayake, crossed over to the opposition to form the Sri Lanka Freedom Party to launch his bid for Prime Minister.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [37, 37], "content_span": [38, 472]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073637-0001-0000", "contents": "1956 Ceylonese parliamentary election, Background\nThe UNP government of John Kotelawala had been rapidly losing steam. It faced widespread criticism over Ceylon's poor economic performance. Meanwhile, the Sri Lanka Freedom Party now championed a popular socialist platform, calling for English to be replaced by Sinhala as the island's official language.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [39, 49], "content_span": [50, 354]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073637-0002-0000", "contents": "1956 Ceylonese parliamentary election, Background\nThe UNP resisted this out of deference to Ceylon's Tamil minority, but changed its position in early 1956. This only served to cost the UNP its Tamil support while gaining it little among the Sinhalese.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [39, 49], "content_span": [50, 252]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073637-0003-0000", "contents": "1956 Ceylonese parliamentary election, Background\nThe Lanka Sama Samaja Party and the Communist Party campaigned for parity of status between Sinhala and Tamil, with both to jointly replace English as the official language.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [39, 49], "content_span": [50, 223]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073637-0004-0000", "contents": "1956 Ceylonese parliamentary election, Background\nThe Tamil parties campaigned to keep English as the official language.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [39, 49], "content_span": [50, 120]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073637-0005-0000", "contents": "1956 Ceylonese parliamentary election, Background\nSLFP leader S. W. R. D. Bandaranaike assembled a coalition with a group of small Marxist parties to form the Mahajana Eksath Peramuna.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [39, 49], "content_span": [50, 184]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073637-0006-0000", "contents": "1956 Ceylonese parliamentary election, Results\nBandaranaike's coalition obtained a solid majority government and he became prime minister.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [39, 46], "content_span": [47, 138]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073637-0007-0000", "contents": "1956 Ceylonese parliamentary election, Legacy\nThe SLFP campaign of 1956 was the first in Ceylon's history where communal feelings against the minority Tamil community were deliberately stirred up by Sinhalese politicians for electoral gain. The SLFP tried to blame the high unemployment Sinhalese youth faced on the Tamils and in effect promised not to correct injustices but to openly discriminate against Tamils via a policy of official unilingualism.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [39, 45], "content_span": [46, 453]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073637-0008-0000", "contents": "1956 Ceylonese parliamentary election, Legacy\nThe hard feelings from this campaign contributed towards the eruption, nearly three decades later, of the path to civil war.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [39, 45], "content_span": [46, 170]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073637-0009-0000", "contents": "1956 Ceylonese parliamentary election, Legacy\nHowever, it also changed the character of politics in the country from the elitism that had characterised it hitherto. Members of Parliament from other parties than the Left were middle class, working class or farmers. Henceforth electorates were addressed in their mother tongue at election meetings (as the LSSP and CP had done from inception) instead of English.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [39, 45], "content_span": [46, 411]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073638-0000-0000", "contents": "1956 Challenge Desgrange-Colombo\nThe 1956 Challenge Desgrange-Colombo was the ninth edition of the Challenge Desgrange-Colombo. It included eleven races: all the races form the 1955 edition were retained with no additions. Fred De Bruyne won the first of his three individual championships while Belgium retained the nations championship.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [32, 32], "content_span": [33, 338]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073639-0000-0000", "contents": "1956 Chatham Cup\nThe 1956 Chatham Cup was the 29th annual nationwide knockout football competition in New Zealand.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 16], "section_span": [16, 16], "content_span": [17, 114]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073639-0001-0000", "contents": "1956 Chatham Cup\nThe competition was run on a regional basis, with regional associations each holding separate qualifying rounds. Teams taking part in the final rounds are known to have included Eastern Suburbs (Auckland), Rangers (Bay of Plenty), Hamilton Wanderers, Eastern Union (Gisborne), Moturoa (New Plymouth), Colenso Athletic (Hawkes Bay), Wanganui New Settlers, Kiwi United (Manawatu), Masterton Athletic, Stop Out (Lower Hutt), Shamrock (Christchurch), West End (South Canterbury) and Northern (Dunedin).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 16], "section_span": [16, 16], "content_span": [17, 515]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073639-0002-0000", "contents": "1956 Chatham Cup\nThe Brigadiers team of Invercargill, which met Shamrock in the 1956 South Island final, was coached by George Roberts. A life member of Western A.F.C. Roberts, a Canterbury representative, had played in five previous Chatham Cup finals.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 16], "section_span": [16, 16], "content_span": [17, 253]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073639-0003-0000", "contents": "1956 Chatham Cup, The 1956 final\nLower Hutt's Stop Out celebrated its jubilee year with a solid win in the final. The team scored early through a header from Jack Sharp, a goal which was followed by a spectacular strike from Brian Sergeant and further goals from Abram Schryvers, and Fred Benge. Shamrock could only manage a consolation goal late on from Ernie Fields.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 16], "section_span": [18, 32], "content_span": [33, 368]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073639-0004-0000", "contents": "1956 Chatham Cup, The 1956 final\nThe Shamrock and Stop Out sides had played each other earlier in 1956 for the Valmai Memorial Trophy with Stop Out winning the Easter fixture.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 16], "section_span": [18, 32], "content_span": [33, 175]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073640-0000-0000", "contents": "1956 Chattanooga Moccasins football team\nThe 1956 Chattanooga Moccasins football team was an American football team that represented the University of Chattanooga (now known as the University of Tennessee at Chattanooga) during the 1956 NCAA College Division football season. In their 26th year under head coach Scrappy Moore, the team compiled a 5\u20134 record.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [40, 40], "content_span": [41, 358]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073641-0000-0000", "contents": "1956 Chester-le-Street by-election\nThe Chester-le-Street by-election, 1956 was a parliamentary by-election held for the British House of Commons constituency of Chester-le-Street on 27 September 1956.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [34, 34], "content_span": [35, 200]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073641-0001-0000", "contents": "1956 Chester-le-Street by-election, Vacancy\nThe by-election had been caused by the death aged 47 years on 25 June 1956 of the sitting Labour Member of Parliament (MP) Patrick Bartley. Bartley had held the seat since 1950.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [36, 43], "content_span": [44, 221]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073641-0002-0000", "contents": "1956 Chester-le-Street by-election, Candidates\nIn what was to be a straight fight between the two main parties, Labour chose Norman Pentland, a colliery checkweighman from Fatfield, County Durham as their candidate and the Conservatives selected the journalist William Rees-Mogg.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [36, 46], "content_span": [47, 279]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073641-0003-0000", "contents": "1956 Chester-le-Street by-election, Issues\nThe main political topic of the day was the Suez Crisis but the cost of living and the performance of the government on the economy were also mentioned by Labour as issues in the campaign.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [36, 42], "content_span": [43, 231]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073641-0004-0000", "contents": "1956 Chester-le-Street by-election, The result\nIn what was a safe Labour seat during a period of Conservative government Pentland was easily elected with a majority of 21,287 votes.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [36, 46], "content_span": [47, 181]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073642-0000-0000", "contents": "1956 Chicago Bears season\nThe 1956 season was the Chicago Bears' 37th in the National Football League. The team  improved on their 8\u20134 record from 1955 and finished with a  9\u20132\u20131 record, under first-year head coach Paddy Driscoll to win the Western Conference and played in their first NFL championship game since 1946.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [25, 25], "content_span": [26, 319]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073642-0001-0000", "contents": "1956 Chicago Bears season\nThe title game against the New York Giants was at Yankee Stadium and the Giants won, 47\u20137.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [25, 25], "content_span": [26, 116]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073642-0002-0000", "contents": "1956 Chicago Bears season, Postseason, Standings\nNote: Tie games were not officially counted in the standings until 1972.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [27, 48], "content_span": [49, 121]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073643-0000-0000", "contents": "1956 Chicago Cardinals season\nThe 1956 Chicago Cardinals season was the team's 37th season in the National Football League. The Cardinals improved on their previous year's 4\u20137\u20131 record, winning seven games for a runner-up finish in the Eastern Conference. They failed to qualify for the playoffs (NFL title game) for the eighth consecutive season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [29, 29], "content_span": [30, 347]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073643-0001-0000", "contents": "1956 Chicago Cardinals season, Regular season, Standings\nNote: Tie games were not officially counted in the standings until 1972.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 56], "content_span": [57, 129]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073644-0000-0000", "contents": "1956 Chicago Cubs season\nThe 1956 Chicago Cubs season was the 85th season of the Chicago Cubs franchise, the 81st in the National League and the 41st at Wrigley Field. The Cubs finished eighth and last in the National League with a record of 60\u201394.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [24, 24], "content_span": [25, 248]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073644-0001-0000", "contents": "1956 Chicago Cubs season, Player stats, Batting, Starters by position\nNote: Pos = Position; G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 69], "content_span": [70, 194]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073644-0002-0000", "contents": "1956 Chicago Cubs season, Player stats, Batting, Other batters\nNote: G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 62], "content_span": [63, 171]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073644-0003-0000", "contents": "1956 Chicago Cubs season, Player stats, Pitching, Starting pitchers\nNote: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 67], "content_span": [68, 178]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073644-0004-0000", "contents": "1956 Chicago Cubs season, Player stats, Pitching, Other pitchers\nNote: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 64], "content_span": [65, 175]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073644-0005-0000", "contents": "1956 Chicago Cubs season, Player stats, Pitching, Relief pitchers\nNote: G = Games pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; SV = Saves; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 65], "content_span": [66, 166]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073645-0000-0000", "contents": "1956 Chicago White Sox season\nThe 1956 Chicago White Sox season was the team's 56th season in the major leagues, and its 57th season overall. They finished with a record 85\u201369, good enough for third place in the American League, 12 games behind the first place New York Yankees.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [29, 29], "content_span": [30, 278]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073645-0001-0000", "contents": "1956 Chicago White Sox season, Player stats, Batting\nNote: G = Games played; AB = At Bats; R = Runs scored; H = Hits; 2B = Doubles; 3B = Triples; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in; BB = Base on balls; SO = Strikeouts; AVG = Batting average; SB = Stolen bases", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 52], "content_span": [53, 261]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073645-0002-0000", "contents": "1956 Chicago White Sox season, Player stats, Pitching\nNote: W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; G = Games pitched; GS = Games started; SV = Saves; IP = Innings pitched; H = Hits allowed; R = Runs allowed; ER = Earned runs allowed; HR = Home runs allowed; BB = Walks allowed; K = Strikeouts", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 53], "content_span": [54, 301]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073646-0000-0000", "contents": "1956 Chico State Wildcats football team\nThe 1956 Chico State Wildcats football team represented Chico State College during the 1956 NCAA College Division football season. Chico State competed in the Far Western Conference in 1956. They played home games at College Field in Chico, California.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [39, 39], "content_span": [40, 292]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073646-0001-0000", "contents": "1956 Chico State Wildcats football team\nThe 1956 Wildcats were led by third-year head coach Gus Manolis. Chico State finished the season with a record of two wins, six losses and one tie (2\u20136\u20131, 1\u20133\u20131 FWC). The Wildcats were outscored by their opponents 123\u2013142 for the season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [39, 39], "content_span": [40, 277]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073646-0002-0000", "contents": "1956 Chico State Wildcats football team, Team players in the NFL\nNo Chico State players were selected in the 1957 NFL Draft.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 64], "content_span": [65, 124]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073647-0000-0000", "contents": "1956 Chim earthquake\nThe 1956 Chim earthquake was a destructive multiple-shock event that occurred on March 16 in Lebanon along a strand of the Dead Sea Transform (DST) fault system. The epicenter was located in the south of Lebanon in the Chouf District. Six thousand homes were destroyed and another 17,000 were damaged. The number of persons killed was 136.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [20, 20], "content_span": [21, 360]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073647-0001-0000", "contents": "1956 Chim earthquake, Tectonic setting\nThe DST is a 1,609\u00a0km (1,000\u00a0mi) long transform fault that runs in a mostly north-south direction from the northern end of the Red Sea along the Jordan Rift Valley to the Taurus Mountains complex in southern Turkey. The left-lateral fault zone marks the boundary of the Arabian Plate and the Sinai-Levantine block and consists of multiple parallel faults. As the fault moves through Lebanon and Syria the fault trace follows a restraining bend and splits into several strands that include the Serghaya, Rachaya, and Roum faults, as well as the prominent Yammouneh fault.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [22, 38], "content_span": [39, 609]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073647-0002-0000", "contents": "1956 Chim earthquake, Earthquake\nThe Roum fault runs for a length of 35 kilometers (22\u00a0mi) between the Hula basin the Awali river and is the westernmost strand of the fault system in that area. A paleoseismic trench investigation revealed that it may have been the source of the twin-shock event.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [22, 32], "content_span": [33, 296]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073647-0003-0000", "contents": "1956 Chim earthquake, Earthquake\nThe twin shocks were separated by less than fifteen minutes with the first event occurring at 19:32 and the second event at 19:43 hours. The initial shock was estimated to measure (Mw\u202f = 5.3) and the second event was rated (Mw\u202f = 5.5).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [22, 32], "content_span": [33, 268]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073648-0000-0000", "contents": "1956 Chinese National Olympic Football Trial\nThe 1956 Chinese National Olympic Football Trial was a tournament held by the Chinese National Sport Committee to select the football representatives for the 1956 Summer Olympics. The United Red Team defeated United White Team in the final match and won the ticket to Melbourne.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [44, 44], "content_span": [45, 323]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073648-0001-0000", "contents": "1956 Chinese National Olympic Football Trial\nThe National Team was split into the United Red and White teams, with members mostly made of the Chinese Youth Team returning from studying in Hungary. The National Sport Committee also invited Hong Kong, Macau and Taiwan to join Olympic trials, the invitation was denied by Taiwan, and Macau did not send a football team.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [44, 44], "content_span": [45, 367]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073648-0002-0000", "contents": "1956 Chinese National Olympic Football Trial\nIn the opening match, Shanghai defeated Hong Kong with a 6-1 score. Hong Kong withdrew from the tournament next day and lost to Bayi with 0-7 in a friendly. Shanghai then lost to both the United Red and United White teams with the same 1-2 score. In the final match, United Red defeated United White 2-1.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [44, 44], "content_span": [45, 349]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073648-0003-0000", "contents": "1956 Chinese National Olympic Football Trial\nAfter the tournament, the United Red team was kept in Beijing and became the Beijing Football Team. The United White team was disbanded as a result. As the players were professional players, the team was led to Tianjian to found the Tianjian Football Team.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [44, 44], "content_span": [45, 301]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073649-0000-0000", "contents": "1956 Christchurch mayoral election\nThe 1956 Christchurch mayoral election was part of the New Zealand local elections held that same year. In 1956, election were held for the Mayor of Christchurch plus other local government positions. The polling was conducted using the standard first-past-the-post electoral method.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [34, 34], "content_span": [35, 318]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073649-0001-0000", "contents": "1956 Christchurch mayoral election, Background\nSitting mayor Robert Macfarlane was re-elected for a fourth term, opposed only by William Smith MacGibbon of the Citizens' Association who had run against Macfarlane in 1950.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [36, 46], "content_span": [47, 221]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073650-0000-0000", "contents": "1956 Cincinnati Bearcats football team\nThe 1956 Cincinnati Bearcats football team represented the University of Cincinnati as an independent during the 1956 NCAA University Division football season under head coach George Blackburn.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [38, 38], "content_span": [39, 232]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073651-0000-0000", "contents": "1956 Cincinnati Redlegs season\nThe 1956 Cincinnati Redlegs season consisted of the Redlegs finishing in third place in the National League with a record of 91\u201363, two games behind the NL Champion Brooklyn Dodgers. The Redlegs were managed by Birdie Tebbetts and played their home games at Crosley Field, where they drew 1,125,928 fans, third-most in their league.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [30, 30], "content_span": [31, 363]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073651-0001-0000", "contents": "1956 Cincinnati Redlegs season, Regular season\nThe Redlegs were in first place at mid-season and stayed in the pennant race until the last day of the season, ending up with a 91\u201363 record, two games behind the Brooklyn Dodgers. For his efforts, the Baseball Writers' Association of America voted Birdie Tebbetts as the 1956 Manager of the Year.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 46], "content_span": [47, 344]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073651-0002-0000", "contents": "1956 Cincinnati Redlegs season, Regular season\nThe 1956 Redlegs tied the National League and MLB record for home runs in a season, hitting 221 over 155 regular-season games. (The 1947 Giants also slugged 221 in 155 games played.) Three Redlegs hit more than 35 homers, with Frank Robinson (38) establishing a record for rookies; Wally Post (36) and Ted Kluszewski (35) were the others. Gus Bell (29) and Ed Bailey (28) came within reach of the 30-home-run mark, Bailey in only 383 at bats. The mark stood until 1961, when the New York Yankees hit 240 homers in the first year of the modern 162-game schedule.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 46], "content_span": [47, 608]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073651-0003-0000", "contents": "1956 Cincinnati Redlegs season, Regular season\nOn Sunday, June 24, following a doubleheader sweep of the Brooklyn Dodgers, eleven Redlegs players appeared on the panel quiz show What's My Line?.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 46], "content_span": [47, 194]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073651-0004-0000", "contents": "1956 Cincinnati Redlegs season, Player stats, Batting, Starters by position\nNote: Pos = Position; G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 75], "content_span": [76, 200]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073651-0005-0000", "contents": "1956 Cincinnati Redlegs season, Player stats, Batting, Other batters\nNote: G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 68], "content_span": [69, 177]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073651-0006-0000", "contents": "1956 Cincinnati Redlegs season, Player stats, Pitching, Starting pitchers\nNote: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 73], "content_span": [74, 184]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073651-0007-0000", "contents": "1956 Cincinnati Redlegs season, Player stats, Pitching, Other pitchers\nNote: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 70], "content_span": [71, 181]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073651-0008-0000", "contents": "1956 Cincinnati Redlegs season, Player stats, Pitching, Relief pitchers\nNote: G = Games pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; SV = Saves; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 71], "content_span": [72, 172]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073652-0000-0000", "contents": "1956 City of Chester by-election\nThe City of Chester by-election of 15 November 1956 was held after the appointment of  Conservative Member of Parliament (MP) Basil Nield as Recorder of Manchester.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [32, 32], "content_span": [33, 197]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073652-0001-0000", "contents": "1956 City of Chester by-election\nThe seat was safe, having been won at the 1955 United Kingdom general election by over 11,000 votes", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [32, 32], "content_span": [33, 132]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073653-0000-0000", "contents": "1956 Claxton Shield\nThe 1956 Claxton Shield was the 17th annual Claxton Shield, it was held in Adelaide, South Australia. The participants were South Australia, New South Wales, Victoria and Western Australia. The series was won by Victoria in due to a controversial decision in the final game. They claimed their fifth Shield title. The 1956 Olympic Baseball team was selected from the tournament.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [19, 19], "content_span": [20, 398]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073653-0001-0000", "contents": "1956 Claxton Shield, Controversy\nThe final game of the Shield erupted in controversy when South Australia played Victoria. Victoria stood with a 3\u20130 record, Western Australia with a 2\u20131 as well as South Australia. If South Australia won against Victoria in the final game, the winner would be determined on run differential.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [21, 32], "content_span": [33, 324]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073653-0002-0000", "contents": "1956 Claxton Shield, Controversy\nThe game was tied 4\u20134 at the end and went to extra innings, with South Australia making the break through, going ahead 5\u20134 going into the bottom of the 12th inning. The South Australian team realised that a one-run win would not be enough to win the series and needed to score more runs, therefore they had to allow Victoria to score so they could chance a bigger win in the 13th inning. With a Victorian runner on third base the pitcher attempted a pickoff, deliberately throwing the ball away.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [21, 32], "content_span": [33, 528]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073653-0002-0001", "contents": "1956 Claxton Shield, Controversy\nThe umpire called a dead ball and sent the runner back to third. The next pitch, the South Australian pitcher deliberately balked, which would have allowed the run to score, but the home plate umpire called the game over and gave the game to Victoria as a 9\u20130 forfeit on the basis that South Australia brought the game into disrepute.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [21, 32], "content_span": [33, 367]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073653-0003-0000", "contents": "1956 Claxton Shield, Controversy\nAppeals by the South Australian team to the Australian Baseball Corporation were denied, so the championship was awarded to Victoria.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [21, 32], "content_span": [33, 166]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073654-0000-0000", "contents": "1956 Clemson Tigers football team\nThe 1956 Clemson Tigers football team was an American football team that represented Clemson College in the Atlantic Coast Conference (ACC) during the 1956 NCAA University Division football season. In its 17th season under head coach Frank Howard, the team compiled a 7\u20132\u20132 record (4\u20130\u20131 against conference opponents), won the ACC championship, was ranked No. 19 in the final AP Poll, lost to Colorado in the 1957 Orange Bowl, and outscored all opponents by a total of 167 to 101. The team played its home games at Memorial Stadium in Clemson, South Carolina.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [33, 33], "content_span": [34, 593]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073654-0001-0000", "contents": "1956 Clemson Tigers football team\nQuarterback Charlie Bussey was the team captain. The team's statistical leaders included Bussey with 330 passing yards and left halfback Joel Wells with 803 rushing yards and 48 points (8 touchdowns).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [33, 33], "content_span": [34, 234]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073654-0002-0000", "contents": "1956 Clemson Tigers football team\nFour Clemson players were selected by the Associated Press or the United Press to the first or second teams of the 1956 All-Atlantic Coast Conference football team: Joel Wells (AP-1, UP-1); Charlie Bussey (AP-1, UP-2); guard John Grdijan (AP-2, UP-1); and tackle Dick Maraza (AP-2). Four Clemson players were also named to the 1956 All-South Carolina football team: Joel Wells, guards John Grdijan and Earle Greene, and tackle Billy Hudson.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [33, 33], "content_span": [34, 474]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073654-0003-0000", "contents": "1956 Clemson Tigers football team, After the season\nThe 1957 NFL Draft was held on November 26, 1956. The following Tigers were selected.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 51], "content_span": [52, 137]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073655-0000-0000", "contents": "1956 Cleveland Browns season\nThe 1956 Cleveland Browns season was the team's eleventh season, and seventh season with the National Football League.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [28, 28], "content_span": [29, 147]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073655-0001-0000", "contents": "1956 Cleveland Browns season\nThis was the first season in which the Browns missed the playoffs, and its first season with a losing record. The Browns lost seven games in 1956, after having lost a total of only 17 over the previous ten seasons combined.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [28, 28], "content_span": [29, 252]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073655-0002-0000", "contents": "1956 Cleveland Browns season, Regular season, Season recap, Week 1 at Chicago\nThe post Otto Graham era begins with a 9-7 loss to the Cardinals in Chicago. Cleveland's only score comes on a 46-yard touchdown pass from George Ratterman to Ray Renfro in the first quarter. But Pat Summerall's third field goal, a nine-yarder with 29 seconds remaining, won it for the Cardinals and broke a twelve-game losing streak to the Browns. The Cardinals later won the season finale.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 77], "content_span": [78, 469]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073655-0003-0000", "contents": "1956 Cleveland Browns season, Regular season, Standings\nNote: Tie games were not officially counted in the standings until 1972.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 55], "content_span": [56, 128]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073656-0000-0000", "contents": "1956 Cleveland Indians season, Player stats, Batting, Starters by position\nNote: Pos = Position; G = Games played; AB = At bats; R = Runs scored; H = Hits; 2B = Doubles; 3B = Triples; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in; AVG = Batting average; SB = Stolen bases", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 74], "content_span": [75, 262]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073656-0001-0000", "contents": "1956 Cleveland Indians season, Player stats, Batting, Other batters\nNote: G = Games played; AB = At bats; R = Runs scored; H = Hits; 2B = Doubles; 3B = Triples; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in; AVG = Batting average; SB = Stolen bases", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 67], "content_span": [68, 239]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073656-0002-0000", "contents": "1956 Cleveland Indians season, Player stats, Pitching, Starting pitchers\nNote: G = Games pitched; GS = Games started; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; BB = Walks allowed; K = Strikeouts", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 72], "content_span": [73, 222]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073656-0003-0000", "contents": "1956 Cleveland Indians season, Player stats, Pitching, Other pitchers\nNote: G = Games pitched; GS = Games started; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; BB = Walks allowed; K = Strikeouts", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 69], "content_span": [70, 219]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073656-0004-0000", "contents": "1956 Cleveland Indians season, Player stats, Pitching, Relief pitchers\nNote: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; BB = Walks allowed; K = Strikeouts", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 70], "content_span": [71, 200]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073656-0005-0000", "contents": "1956 Cleveland Indians season, Farm system\nIn 1956, the Indianapolis Indians were 92\u201362. On May 18, they defeated the Louisville Colonels by a score of 24\u20130. Roger Maris had seven runs batted in for the game. The Indians went on to win the 1956 Junior World Series by defeating the Rochester Red Wings. In Game 2 of the Junior World Series, Maris would set a record by getting seven runs batted in.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 42], "content_span": [43, 398]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073657-0000-0000", "contents": "1956 Colgate Red Raiders football team\nThe 1956 Colgate Red Raiders football team was an American football team that represented Colgate University as an independent during the 1956 NCAA University Division football season. In its fifth season under head coach Hal Lahar, the team compiled a 4\u20135 record. James Yurak was the team captain.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [38, 38], "content_span": [39, 337]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073657-0001-0000", "contents": "1956 Colgate Red Raiders football team\nThe team played its home games at Colgate Athletic Field in Hamilton, New York.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [38, 38], "content_span": [39, 118]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073658-0000-0000", "contents": "1956 College Baseball All-America Team\nAn All-American team is an honorary sports team composed of the best amateur players of a specific season for each team position\u2014who in turn are given the honorific \"All-America\" and typically referred to as \"All-American athletes\", or simply \"All-Americans\". Although the honorees generally do not compete together as a unit, the term is used in United States team sports to refer to players who are selected by members of the national media. Walter Camp selected the first All-America team in the early days of American football in 1889.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [38, 38], "content_span": [39, 578]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073658-0001-0000", "contents": "1956 College Baseball All-America Team\nFrom 1947 to 1980, the American Baseball Coaches Association was the only All-American selector recognized by the NCAA.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [38, 38], "content_span": [39, 158]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073659-0000-0000", "contents": "1956 College Football All-America Team\nThe 1956 College Football All-America team is composed of college football players who were selected as All-Americans by various organizations and writers that chose College Football All-America Teams in 1956. The seven selectors recognized by the NCAA as \"official\" for the 1956 season are (1) the American Football Coaches Association (AFCA), (2) the Associated Press (AP), (3) the Football Writers Association of America (FWAA), (4) the International News Service (INS), (5) the Newspaper Enterprise Association (NEA), (6) the Sporting News (SN), and (8) the United Press (UP).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [38, 38], "content_span": [39, 619]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073659-0001-0000", "contents": "1956 College Football All-America Team, Consensus All-Americans\nFor the year 1956, the NCAA recognizes seven published All-American teams as \"official\" designations for purposes of its consensus determinations. The following chart identifies the NCAA-recognized consensus All-Americans and displays which first-team designations they received.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 63], "content_span": [64, 343]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073660-0000-0000", "contents": "1956 Colorado A&M Aggies football team\nThe 1956 Colorado A&M Aggies football team represented Colorado State College of Agriculture and Mechanic Arts in the Skyline Conference during the 1956 NCAA University Division football season. In their first season under head coach Don Mullison, the Aggies compiled a 2\u20137\u20131 record (2\u20134\u20131 against Skyline opponents), finished fifth in the Skyline Conference, and were outscored by opponents by a total of 314 to 156. On defense, the team gave up an average of 31.4 points per game, ranking 110 out of 111 major college teams in scoring defense.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [38, 38], "content_span": [39, 584]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073660-0001-0000", "contents": "1956 Colorado A&M Aggies football team\nCenter Bob Weber received all-conference honors in 1956. The team's statistical leaders included Jerry Callahan with 342 passing yards, Wayne Walter with 471 rushing yards, and Ron McClary with 188 receiving yards.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [38, 38], "content_span": [39, 253]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073661-0000-0000", "contents": "1956 Colorado Buffaloes football team\nThe 1956 Colorado Buffaloes football team was an American football team that represented the University of Colorado during the 1956 NCAA University Division football season. Head coach Dallas Ward led the team to a 4\u20131\u20131 mark in the \"Big 7\" and 8\u20132\u20131 overall.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [37, 37], "content_span": [38, 297]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073661-0001-0000", "contents": "1956 Colorado Buffaloes football team\nColorado was runner-up in the conference to undefeated consensus national champion Oklahoma, whose winning streak had reached forty games. The Sooners did not play in a bowl game due to the Big Seven's no-repeat rule; so Colorado was invited to the Orange Bowl in Miami, and defeated Clemson 27\u201321.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [37, 37], "content_span": [38, 336]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073662-0000-0000", "contents": "1956 Colorado gubernatorial election\nThe 1956 Colorado gubernatorial election was held on November 6, 1956. Democratic nominee Stephen McNichols defeated Republican nominee Donald G. Brotzman with 51.34% of the vote.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [36, 36], "content_span": [37, 216]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073663-0000-0000", "contents": "1956 Columbia Lions football team\nThe 1956 Columbia Lions football team was an American football team that represented Columbia University as a member of the Ivy League during the 1956 NCAA University Division football season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [33, 33], "content_span": [34, 226]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073663-0001-0000", "contents": "1956 Columbia Lions football team\nIn their 27th and final season under head coach Lou Little, the Lions compiled a 3\u20136 record and were outscored 237 to 94. Arthur Wilson was the team captain.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [33, 33], "content_span": [34, 191]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073663-0002-0000", "contents": "1956 Columbia Lions football team\nThe Lions' 2\u20135 conference record tied for sixth place in the Ivy League. This was the first season of formal play for the league, although the Lions' previous  independent schedules, dating back to the 19th century, often featured future Ivy opponents. Six of the seven Ivy matchups on Columbia's 1956 schedule had been present on the 1955 slate, as well (as had the two remaining non-Ivy fixtures, Army and Rutgers).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [33, 33], "content_span": [34, 451]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073663-0003-0000", "contents": "1956 Columbia Lions football team\nColumbia played its home games at Baker Field in Upper Manhattan, in New York City.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [33, 33], "content_span": [34, 117]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073664-0000-0000", "contents": "1956 Commonwealth Prime Ministers' Conference\nThe 1956 Commonwealth Prime Ministers' Conference was the eighth Meeting of the Heads of Government of the Commonwealth of Nations. It was held in the United Kingdom in June 1956, and was hosted by that country's Prime Minister, Sir Anthony Eden.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 45], "section_span": [45, 45], "content_span": [46, 292]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073664-0001-0000", "contents": "1956 Commonwealth Prime Ministers' Conference\nThe new prime minister of Ceylon, Solomon West Ridgeway Dias Bandaranaike pressured Eden to remove British military bases in Ceylon; Britain agreed to close the installations.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 45], "section_span": [45, 45], "content_span": [46, 221]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073664-0002-0000", "contents": "1956 Commonwealth Prime Ministers' Conference\nIn international affairs, the leaders expressed their support for the People's Republic of China and Japan being admitted to the United Nations (see China and the United Nations) and welcomed liberalization in the Soviet Union under Nikita Khrushchev hailing the \"significant changes\" in Soviet domestic and foreign policy as being positive steps for world peace. British attempts to negotiate a diplomatic settlement over Greek and Turkish claims regarding the soon to be independent British colony of Cyprus were also discussed.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 45], "section_span": [45, 45], "content_span": [46, 576]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073665-0000-0000", "contents": "1956 Connecticut Huskies football team\nThe 1956 Connecticut Huskies football team represented the University of Connecticut in the 1956 NCAA College Division football season. The Huskies were led by fifth-year head coach Bob Ingalls, and completed the season with a record of 6\u20132\u20131.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [38, 38], "content_span": [39, 282]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073666-0000-0000", "contents": "1956 Cook Islands general election\nGeneral elections were held in the Cook Islands in March 1956. The elections took the form of an election to Rarotonga Island Council, whose sole European member also automatically became the only elected member of the Legislative Council. Incumbent member Henley McKegg was narrowly re-elected, defeating R.J.A. Ingram by three votes.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [34, 34], "content_span": [35, 370]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073666-0001-0000", "contents": "1956 Cook Islands general election, Electoral system\nThe Cook Islands Legislative Council consisted of ten members elected by island councils (four from Rarotonga and six from smaller islands), ten civil servants appointed by the Governor-General of New Zealand (the Chief Medical Officer, the Director of Agriculture, the Education Officer, six Resident Agents and the Treasurer) and the Resident Commissioner, who was president of the council. The sole European member of Rarotonga Island Council automatically became the island's representative in the Legislative Council, and was the only member of the Legislative Council to be directly elected.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [36, 52], "content_span": [53, 650]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073666-0002-0000", "contents": "1956 Cook Islands general election, Electoral system\nElections to Rarotonga Island Council were held every three years, with the six Cook Islander members elected from single-member constituencies based on the land survey districts, and the European member from the entire island.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [36, 52], "content_span": [53, 280]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073666-0003-0000", "contents": "1956 Cook Islands general election, Results, Cook Islander members\nIn the Cook Islander seats, voter turnout was higher than any previous election. The Cook Islands Progressive Association won three of the six seats, with another party member finishing joint first in a tied seat.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [36, 66], "content_span": [67, 280]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073667-0000-0000", "contents": "1956 Copa del General\u00edsimo\nThe 1956 Copa del General\u00edsimo was the 54th staging of the Spanish Cup. The competition began on 6 May 1956 and concluded on 24 June 1956 with the final.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [26, 26], "content_span": [27, 180]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073668-0000-0000", "contents": "1956 Copa del General\u00edsimo Final\nThe Copa del General\u00edsimo 1956 Final was the 54th final of the King's Cup. The final was played at Estadio Chamart\u00edn in Madrid, on 24 June 1956, being won by Atl\u00e9tico de Bilbao, who beat Atl\u00e9tico de Madrid 2-1.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [32, 32], "content_span": [33, 243]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073669-0000-0000", "contents": "1956 Copa del General\u00edsimo Juvenil\nThe 1956 Copa del General\u00edsimo Juvenil was the sixth staging of the tournament. The competition began on May 6, 1956, and ended on June 24, 1956, with the final.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [34, 34], "content_span": [35, 196]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073670-0000-0000", "contents": "1956 Cork Intermediate Hurling Championship\nThe 1956 Cork Intermediate Hurling Championship was the 47th staging of the Cork Intermediate Hurling Championship since its establishment by the Cork County Board in 1909.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 43], "section_span": [43, 43], "content_span": [44, 216]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073670-0001-0000", "contents": "1956 Cork Intermediate Hurling Championship\nGlen Rovers won the championship following a 1-11 to 1-03 defeat of Carrigaline in the final. This was their third championship title overall and their first title since 1954.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 43], "section_span": [43, 43], "content_span": [44, 219]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073671-0000-0000", "contents": "1956 Cork Senior Football Championship\nThe 1956 Cork Senior Football Championship was the 68th staging of the Cork Senior Football Championship since its establishment by the Cork County Board in 1887.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [38, 38], "content_span": [39, 201]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073671-0001-0000", "contents": "1956 Cork Senior Football Championship\nOn 25 November 1956, St. Finbarr's won the championship following a 3-05 to 0-04 defeat of Millstreet in the final. This was their first championship title.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [38, 38], "content_span": [39, 195]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073672-0000-0000", "contents": "1956 Cork Senior Hurling Championship\nThe 1956 Cork Senior Hurling Championship was the 68th staging of the Cork Senior Hurling Championship since its establishment by the Cork County Board in 1887. The championship ended on 14 October 1956.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [37, 37], "content_span": [38, 241]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073672-0001-0000", "contents": "1956 Cork Senior Hurling Championship\nOn 14 October 1956, Blackrock won the championship following a 2-10 to 2-02 defeat of Glen Rovers in the final. This was their 22nd championship title overall and their first title since 1931.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [37, 37], "content_span": [38, 230]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073673-0000-0000", "contents": "1956 Cornell Big Red football team\nThe 1956 Cornell Big Red football team was an American football team that represented Cornell University as a member of the Ivy League during the 1956 NCAA University Division football season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [34, 34], "content_span": [35, 227]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073673-0001-0000", "contents": "1956 Cornell Big Red football team\nIn its tenth season under head coach George K. James, the team compiled a 1\u20138 record and was outscored 209 to 100. Art Boland was the team captain.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [34, 34], "content_span": [35, 182]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073673-0002-0000", "contents": "1956 Cornell Big Red football team\nCornell's 1\u20136 conference record ranked last in the Ivy League. This was the first season of formal play for the league, although the Big Red's previous  independent schedules, dating back to the 19th century, often featured future Ivy opponents. All seven Ivy matchups on Cornell's 1956 schedule had been present on the 1955 slate, as well (as had one of the non-conference opponents, Colgate).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [34, 34], "content_span": [35, 429]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073673-0003-0000", "contents": "1956 Cornell Big Red football team\nCornell played its home games at Schoellkopf Field in Ithaca, New York.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [34, 34], "content_span": [35, 106]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073674-0000-0000", "contents": "1956 Cotton Bowl Classic\nThe 1956 Cotton Bowl Classic was the twentieth edition of the college football bowl game, played at the Cotton Bowl in Dallas, Texas, on Monday, January\u00a02. Part of the 1955\u201356 bowl game season, it matched the sixth-ranked TCU Horned Frogs of the Southwest Conference (SWC) and the #10 Ole Miss Rebels of the Southeastern  Conference (SEC). Underdog Ole Miss rallied to win by a point, 14\u201313.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [24, 24], "content_span": [25, 416]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073674-0001-0000", "contents": "1956 Cotton Bowl Classic\nNew Year's Day was on Sunday in 1956; the major bowl games were played the following day.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [24, 24], "content_span": [25, 114]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073674-0002-0000", "contents": "1956 Cotton Bowl Classic, Teams, TCU\nTCU hadn't been to a bowl game since the Cotton Bowl four years earlier.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 36], "content_span": [37, 109]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073674-0003-0000", "contents": "1956 Cotton Bowl Classic, Teams, Mississippi\nOle Miss was trying to win their first bowl game since the 1948 Delta Bowl, which was also against TCU.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 44], "content_span": [45, 148]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073674-0004-0000", "contents": "1956 Cotton Bowl Classic, Game summary\nOn the game's first play, TCU quarterback and returner Chuck Curtis injured his shoulder and broke two ribs. He sat out the rest of the game and was replaced by Dick Finney, who went one for three passing for thirteen yards and rushed for five yards. Halfback Jim Swink helped carry TCU to with two rushing touchdowns and finished with 107 yards. On the second extra point attempt by TCU, Harold Pollard missed after having to try again due to a penalty on TCU. Down 13\u20130, Ole Miss quarterback Eagle Day and running back Paige Cothren led the team back, with Cotheren's 3-yard run narrowing the lead to six at halftime.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 38], "content_span": [39, 658]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073674-0005-0000", "contents": "1956 Cotton Bowl Classic, Game summary\nThe second half had only one score, but it was crucial. With 9:34 to play, Ole Miss started their drive after a punt. And with 4:22 left, the Rebels scored on a Billy Lott touchdown run. The extra point was converted by Cothren, as Mississippi held on to win their first bowl game since 1948.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 38], "content_span": [39, 331]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073675-0000-0000", "contents": "1956 County Championship\nThe 1956 County Championship was the 57th officially organised running of the County Championship. Surrey won the Championship title for the fifth successive year.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [24, 24], "content_span": [25, 188]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073676-0000-0000", "contents": "1956 Coupe de France Final\nThe 1956 Coupe de France Final was a football match held at Stade Olympique Yves-du-Manoir, Colombes on 27 May 1956, that saw UA Sedan-Torcy defeat AS Troyes Savinienne 3\u20131 thanks to goals by Diego Cuenca and Pierre Tillon.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [26, 26], "content_span": [27, 250]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073677-0000-0000", "contents": "1956 Crit\u00e9rium du Dauphin\u00e9 Lib\u00e9r\u00e9\nThe 1956 Crit\u00e9rium du Dauphin\u00e9 Lib\u00e9r\u00e9 was the 10th edition of the Crit\u00e9rium du Dauphin\u00e9 Lib\u00e9r\u00e9 cycle race and was held from 8 June to 17 June 1956. The race started and finished in Grenoble. The race was won by Alex Close.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [33, 33], "content_span": [34, 256]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073678-0000-0000", "contents": "1956 Croatia v Indonesia football match\nOn 12 September 1956 Croatia hosted Indonesia in an international friendly in Zagreb. Until the 1990 match against the United States, this was Croatia's only match against a foreign national team while it was a part of the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [39, 39], "content_span": [40, 304]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073678-0001-0000", "contents": "1956 Croatia v Indonesia football match, Background\nIndonesia previously played Yugoslavia at JNA Stadium in Belgrade on 9 September. Yugoslavia won the match 4\u20132.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 51], "content_span": [52, 163]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073679-0000-0000", "contents": "1956 Cuban parliamentary election\nMid -term parliamentary elections were held in Cuba on 1 November 1956 in order to fill half the seats in the Senate and House of Representatives.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [33, 33], "content_span": [34, 180]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073680-0000-0000", "contents": "1956 Cunningham by-election\nA by-election for the Australian House of Representatives seat of Cunningham was triggered by the death, on 17 February 1956, of Labor MP Billy Davies. However, by the close of nominations on 11 April only one candidate, Labor's Victor Kearney, had nominated. Kearney was thus declared elected unopposed. This was the last time a federal MP was elected unopposed, with the exception of members for the Northern Territory who did not have full voting rights at this time.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [27, 27], "content_span": [28, 498]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073681-0000-0000", "contents": "1956 Cup of the Ukrainian SSR\nThe 1956 Ukrainian Cup was a football knockout competition conducting by the Football Federation of the Ukrainian SSR and was known as the Ukrainian Cup.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [29, 29], "content_span": [30, 183]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073681-0001-0000", "contents": "1956 Cup of the Ukrainian SSR, Teams, Non-participating teams\nThe Ukrainian teams of masters did not take part in the competition.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 61], "content_span": [62, 130]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073682-0000-0000", "contents": "1956 Cupa Rom\u00e2niei\nThe 1956 Cupa Rom\u00e2niei was the 19th edition of Romania's most prestigious football cup competition.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 18], "section_span": [18, 18], "content_span": [19, 118]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073682-0001-0000", "contents": "1956 Cupa Rom\u00e2niei\nThe title was won by Progresul Oradea against Energia C\u00e2mpia Turzii.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 18], "section_span": [18, 18], "content_span": [19, 87]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073682-0002-0000", "contents": "1956 Cupa Rom\u00e2niei, Format\nIn the first round proper, two pots were made, first pot with Divizia A teams and other teams till 16 and the second pot with the rest of teams qualified in this phase. First pot teams will play Away. Each tie is played as a single leg.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 18], "section_span": [20, 26], "content_span": [27, 263]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073682-0003-0000", "contents": "1956 Cupa Rom\u00e2niei, Format\nIf a match is drawn after 90 minutes, the game goes in extra time, and if the scored is still tight after 120 minutes, the team who plays away will qualify.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 18], "section_span": [20, 26], "content_span": [27, 183]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073682-0004-0000", "contents": "1956 Cupa Rom\u00e2niei, Format\nIn case the teams are from same city, there a replay will be played.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 18], "section_span": [20, 26], "content_span": [27, 95]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073682-0005-0000", "contents": "1956 Cupa Rom\u00e2niei, Format\nIn case the teams play in the final, there a replay will be played.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 18], "section_span": [20, 26], "content_span": [27, 94]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073682-0006-0000", "contents": "1956 Cupa Rom\u00e2niei, Format\nFrom the first edition, the teams from Divizia A entered in competition in sixteen finals, rule which remained till today.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 18], "section_span": [20, 26], "content_span": [27, 149]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073683-0000-0000", "contents": "1956 Cupa Rom\u00e2niei Final\nThe 1956 Cupa Rom\u00e2niei Final was the 19th final of Romania's most prestigious football cup competition. It was disputed between Energia C\u00e2mpia Turzii and Progresul Oradea, and was won by Progresul Oradea after a game with 2 goals. It was the first cup for Progresul Oradea.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [24, 24], "content_span": [25, 298]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073683-0001-0000", "contents": "1956 Cupa Rom\u00e2niei Final\nEnergia C\u00e2mpia Turzii was the fifth club representing Divizia B which reached the Romanian Cup final.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [24, 24], "content_span": [25, 126]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073684-0000-0000", "contents": "1956 Currie Cup\nThe 1956 Currie Cup was the 26th edition of the Currie Cup, the premier domestic rugby union competition in South Africa.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 15], "section_span": [15, 15], "content_span": [16, 137]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073684-0001-0000", "contents": "1956 Currie Cup\nThe tournament was won by  Northern Transvaal for the second time; they beat  Natal 9\u20138 in the final in Durban.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 15], "section_span": [15, 15], "content_span": [16, 127]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073685-0000-0000", "contents": "1956 Czechoslovak First League, Overview\nIt was contested by 12 teams, and Dukla Prague won the championship. Milan Dvo\u0159\u00e1k and Miroslav Wiecek were the league's top scorers with 15 goals each.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 40], "content_span": [41, 192]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073686-0000-0000", "contents": "1956 DDR-Oberliga\nThe 1956 DDR-Oberliga was the eighth season of the DDR-Oberliga, the first tier of league football in East Germany. Rather than in the traditional autumn-spring format the Oberliga played for six seasons from 1955 to 1960 in the calendar year format, modelled on the system used in the Soviet Union. From 1961\u201362 onwards the league returned to its traditional format.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [17, 17], "content_span": [18, 385]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073686-0001-0000", "contents": "1956 DDR-Oberliga\nThe league was contested by fourteen teams. SC Wismut Karl-Marx-Stadt, incidentally based at Aue and not Karl-Marx-Stadt, won the championship, the club's first official one, having previously won the transition competition in 1955. On the strength of this title Wismut qualified for the 1957\u201358 European Cup where the club lost to Ajax Amsterdam in the first round.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [17, 17], "content_span": [18, 384]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073686-0002-0000", "contents": "1956 DDR-Oberliga\nErnst Lindner of BSG Lokomotive Stendal was the league's top scorer with 18 goals.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [17, 17], "content_span": [18, 100]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073686-0003-0000", "contents": "1956 DDR-Oberliga, Table\nThe 1956 season saw two newly promoted clubs compare to the last official season, 1954\u201355, Fortschritt Wei\u00dfenfels and BSG Lokomotive Stendal, with both already having played in the transition round in 1955. The FDGB-Pokal was won by second division DDR-Liga club Chemie Halle.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 24], "content_span": [25, 301]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073687-0000-0000", "contents": "1956 DFB-Pokal Final\nThe 1956 DFB-Pokal Final decided the winner of the 1955\u201356 DFB-Pokal, the 13th season of Germany's knockout football cup competition. It was played on 5 August 1956 at the Wildparkstadion in Karlsruhe. Karlsruher SC won the match 3\u20131 against Hamburger SV, to claim their 2nd cup title.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [20, 20], "content_span": [21, 306]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073687-0001-0000", "contents": "1956 DFB-Pokal Final, Route to the final\nThe DFB-Pokal began with 5 teams in a single-elimination knockout cup competition. There were a total of two rounds leading up to the final. In the qualification round, all but two teams were given a bye. Teams were drawn against each other, and the winner after 90 minutes would advance. If still tied, 30 minutes of extra time was played. If the score was still level, a replay would take place at the original away team's stadium. If still level after 90 minutes, 30 minutes of extra time was played. If the score was still level, a drawing of lots would decide who would advance to the next round.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [22, 40], "content_span": [41, 642]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073687-0002-0000", "contents": "1956 DFB-Pokal Final, Route to the final\nNote: In all results below, the score of the finalist is given first (H: home; A: away).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [22, 40], "content_span": [41, 129]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073688-0000-0000", "contents": "1956 Dartmouth Indians football team\nThe 1956 Dartmouth Indians football team was an American football team that represented Dartmouth College as a member of the Ivy League during the 1956 NCAA University Division football season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [36, 36], "content_span": [37, 230]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073688-0001-0000", "contents": "1956 Dartmouth Indians football team\nIn their second season under head coach Bob Blackman, the Indians compiled a 5\u20133\u20131 record, and outscored opponents 122 to 89. Robert Rex was the team captain.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [36, 36], "content_span": [37, 195]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073688-0002-0000", "contents": "1956 Dartmouth Indians football team\nThe Indians' 4\u20133 conference record tied for third place in the Ivy League. This was the first season of formal play for the league, although the Indians' previous independent schedules, dating back to the 19th century, often featured future Ivy opponents. Six of the seven Ivy matchups on Dartmouth's 1956 schedule had been present on the 1955 slate, as well (as had one of the non-conference opponents, Holy Cross).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [36, 36], "content_span": [37, 453]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073688-0003-0000", "contents": "1956 Dartmouth Indians football team\nDartmouth played its home games at Memorial Field on the college campus in Hanover, New Hampshire.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [36, 36], "content_span": [37, 135]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073689-0000-0000", "contents": "1956 Davis Cup\nThe 1956 Davis Cup was the 45th edition of the Davis Cup, the most important tournament between national teams in men's tennis. 24 teams entered the Europe Zone, 5 teams entered the America Zone, and 3 teams entered the Eastern Zone.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [14, 14], "content_span": [15, 248]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073689-0001-0000", "contents": "1956 Davis Cup\nThe United States defeated Mexico in the America Zone final, India defeated Japan in the Eastern Zone final, and Italy defeated Sweden in the Europe Zone final. In the Inter-Zonal Zone, the United States defeated Italy in the semifinal, and then defeated India in the final. In the Challenge Round the United States were defeated by defending champions Australia. The final was played at Memorial Drive in Adelaide, Australia on 26\u201328 December.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [14, 14], "content_span": [15, 459]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073690-0000-0000", "contents": "1956 Davis Cup America Zone\nThe America Zone was one of the three regional zones of the 1956 Davis Cup.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [27, 27], "content_span": [28, 103]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073690-0001-0000", "contents": "1956 Davis Cup America Zone\n5 teams entered the America Zone, with the winner going on to compete in the Inter-Zonal Zone against the winners of the Eastern Zone and Europe Zone. The United States defeated Mexico in the final and progressed to the Inter-Zonal Zone.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [27, 27], "content_span": [28, 265]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073691-0000-0000", "contents": "1956 Davis Cup Eastern Zone\nThe Eastern Zone was one of the three regional zones of the 1956 Davis Cup.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [27, 27], "content_span": [28, 103]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073691-0001-0000", "contents": "1956 Davis Cup Eastern Zone\n3 teams entered the Eastern Zone, with the winner going on to compete in the Inter-Zonal Zone against the winners of the America Zone and Europe Zone. India defeated Japan in the final and progressed to the Inter-Zonal Zone.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [27, 27], "content_span": [28, 252]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073692-0000-0000", "contents": "1956 Davis Cup Europe Zone\nThe Europe Zone was one of the three regional zones of the 1956 Davis Cup.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [26, 26], "content_span": [27, 101]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073692-0001-0000", "contents": "1956 Davis Cup Europe Zone\n24 teams entered the Europe Zone, with the winner going on to compete in the Inter-Zonal Zone against the winners of the America Zone and Eastern Zone. Italy defeated Sweden in the final and progressed to the Inter-Zonal Zone.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [26, 26], "content_span": [27, 253]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073693-0000-0000", "contents": "1956 Delaware Fightin' Blue Hens football team\nThe 1956 Delaware Fightin' Blue Hens football team was an American football team that represented the University of Delaware as an independent during the 1956 NCAA College Division football season. In its sixth season under head coach David M. Nelson, the team compiled a 5\u20133\u20131 record and outscored opponents by a total of 151 to 108. Vincent Grande was the team captain. The team played its home games at Delaware Stadium in Newark, Delaware.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 46], "section_span": [46, 46], "content_span": [47, 490]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073694-0000-0000", "contents": "1956 Delaware State Hornets football team\nThe 1956 Delaware State Hornets football team represented Delaware State College\u2014now known as Delaware State University\u2014as a member of the Central Intercollegiate Athletic Association (CIAA) in the 1956 NCAA College Division football season. Led by coach Bennie J. George in his first year, the Hornets compiled a 7\u20131\u20131 record, winning the second conference title in school history. Their victory over Maryland State was the Hawks' first ever conference loss.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 41], "section_span": [41, 41], "content_span": [42, 501]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073695-0000-0000", "contents": "1956 Delaware gubernatorial election\nThe 1956 Delaware gubernatorial election was held on November 6, 1956.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [36, 36], "content_span": [37, 107]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073695-0001-0000", "contents": "1956 Delaware gubernatorial election\nIncumbent Republican Governor J. Caleb Boggs defeated Democratic nominee James Hoge Tyler McConnell with 51.95% of the vote.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [36, 36], "content_span": [37, 161]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073695-0002-0000", "contents": "1956 Delaware gubernatorial election, Nominations, Democratic nomination\nThe Democratic convention was held on August 30 at Dover.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 72], "content_span": [73, 130]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073695-0003-0000", "contents": "1956 Delaware gubernatorial election, Nominations, Republican nomination\nThe Republican convention was held on August 29 at the Capitol Theater, Dover.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 72], "content_span": [73, 151]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073696-0000-0000", "contents": "1956 Democratic National Convention\nThe 1956 Democratic National Convention nominated former Governor Adlai Stevenson of Illinois for president and Senator Estes Kefauver of Tennessee for vice president. It was held in the International Amphitheatre on the South Side of Chicago, Illinois August 13\u2013August 17, 1956. Unsuccessful candidates for the presidential nomination included Governor W. Averell Harriman of New York, Senator Lyndon B. Johnson of Texas, and Senator Stuart Symington of Missouri.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [35, 35], "content_span": [36, 500]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073696-0001-0000", "contents": "1956 Democratic National Convention\nAs the unsuccessful 1952 Democratic Party presidential nominee, Stevenson had the highest stature of the active candidates and was easily renominated on the first ballot. Former President Harry S. Truman, whose support for Stevenson in '52 helped secure him the nomination, was opposed to his renomination in 1956, instead favoring Harriman. It did no good, as Truman was no longer a sitting President, and Stevenson was nominated on the first ballot.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [35, 35], "content_span": [36, 487]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073696-0002-0000", "contents": "1956 Democratic National Convention\nAfter Stevenson decided not to reselect his 1952 running mate John Sparkman, the convention was marked by a \"free vote\" for the vice presidential nomination in which the winner, Kefauver, defeated Senator John F. Kennedy of Massachusetts. The vice presidential nomination vote, which required three separate ballots, was (as of 2020) the last multi-balloted contest held at a quadrennial political convention of any major U.S. political party for the presidency or vice presidency.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [35, 35], "content_span": [36, 517]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073696-0003-0000", "contents": "1956 Democratic National Convention\nThe Democratic convention preceded the 1956 Republican convention in the Cow Palace, San Francisco, California. At the GOP gathering, President Dwight D. Eisenhower and Vice President Richard Nixon were nominated for reelection.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [35, 35], "content_span": [36, 264]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073696-0004-0000", "contents": "1956 Democratic National Convention, Scheduling of convention\nThe 1956 Democratic convention was held before  that year's Republican National Convention. This was unusual, as since 1864, in every election but 1888, Democrats had held their convention second.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 61], "content_span": [62, 258]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073696-0004-0001", "contents": "1956 Democratic National Convention, Scheduling of convention\nIt has become an informal tradition that the party holding the White House (which, accordingly, in 1956 had been the Republican Party) hosts their convention second, but it is unclear when this tradition began (Democrats had held the White House and held their conventions second between 1936 and 1952, but it is unclear whether they scheduled their conventions second in these years because of their White House incumbency, or whether they scheduled them second because it was traditional that Democratic National Conventions had been held after the Republican National Convention).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 61], "content_span": [62, 645]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073696-0005-0000", "contents": "1956 Democratic National Convention, Scheduling of convention\nThis was only the second convention to be televised live coast-to-coast. Television had, by 1956, become the dominant medium of popular news coverage. To adjust to the medium of television, the convention was condensed in length compared to previous years, with daytime sessions being largely eliminated and the amount of welcoming speeches and parliamentary organization speeches being decreased (such as seconding speeches for vice-presidential candidates, which were eliminated). Sessions were also scheduled in order to maximize exposure to prime-time audience.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 61], "content_span": [62, 627]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073696-0006-0000", "contents": "1956 Democratic National Convention, The 1956 Democratic Platform\nWith regard to the growing Civil Rights Movement, the platform called for voting rights, equal employment opportunities, and the desegregation of public schools. Relative to the Republicans, the Democrats favored greater reliance on the United Nations, multilateral disarmament, more spending for programs relating to social welfare and agriculture, \"a full and integrated program of development, protection, management and conservation of natural resources,\" and the use of peaceful atomic energy.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 65], "content_span": [66, 564]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073696-0007-0000", "contents": "1956 Democratic National Convention, Presidential nomination\nThe roll call, as reported in Richard C. Bain and Judith H. Parris, Convention Decisions and Voting Records, pp. 294\u2013298 :", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 60], "content_span": [61, 183]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073696-0008-0000", "contents": "1956 Democratic National Convention, Vice Presidential nomination\nThe highlight of the 1956 Democratic Convention came when Stevenson, in an effort to create excitement for the ticket, made the surprise announcement that the convention's delegates would choose his running mate. This set off a desperate scramble among several candidates to win the nomination. A good deal of the excitement of the vice-presidential race came from the fact that the candidates had only one hectic day to campaign among the delegates before the voting began.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 65], "content_span": [66, 540]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073696-0008-0001", "contents": "1956 Democratic National Convention, Vice Presidential nomination\nThe two leading contenders were Senator Kefauver, who retained the support of his primary delegates, and John F. Kennedy, who, as a first term Senator from Massachusetts, was relatively unknown at that point. Kennedy surprised the experts by surging into the lead on the second ballot; at one point he was only 15 votes shy of winning. However, a number of states then left their \"favorite son\" candidates and switched to Kefauver, giving him the victory. Kennedy then gave a gracious concession speech.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 65], "content_span": [66, 569]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073696-0008-0002", "contents": "1956 Democratic National Convention, Vice Presidential nomination\nThe narrow defeat raised his profile and helped Kennedy's long-term presidential chances; by losing to Kefauver he avoided any blame for Stevenson's expected loss to Eisenhower in November. As of 2020, this was the last time any presidential or vice presidential nomination of either the Democratic or Republican parties, went past the first ballot.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 65], "content_span": [66, 415]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073696-0009-0000", "contents": "1956 Democratic National Convention, Vice Presidential nomination\nThe vote totals in the vice presidential balloting are recorded in the following table, which also comes from Bain & Parris.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 65], "content_span": [66, 190]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073696-0010-0000", "contents": "1956 Democratic National Convention, Election outcome\nOn November 6, Adlai Stevenson and Estes Kefauver lost the election to President Eisenhower and Vice President Nixon in a landslide.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 53], "content_span": [54, 186]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073697-0000-0000", "contents": "1956 Democratic Party presidential primaries\nFrom March 11 to June 5, 1956, voters of the Democratic Party chose its nominee for president in the 1956 United States presidential election. Former Illinois Governor Adlai Stevenson was selected as the nominee through a series of primary elections and caucuses culminating in the 1956 Democratic National Convention held from August 13 to August 17, 1956, in Chicago, Illinois. This was the party's second consecutive nomination of Stevenson.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [44, 44], "content_span": [45, 489]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073697-0001-0000", "contents": "1956 Democratic Party presidential primaries, Primary race\nEstes Kefauver sought the Democratic presidential nomination, as he had in 1952. Initially, he again won some Democratic Party presidential primaries. In the March 13, 1956 New Hampshire presidential primary, Kefauver defeated Stevenson, his only formidable opponent for the nomination, by a margin of 21,701 to 3,806. A week later, Kefauver  defeated Stevenson in the March 20, 1956 Minnesota presidential primary, winning 245,885 votes compared to Stevenson's 186,723 votes. Kefauver was also victorious in the Wisconsin presidential primary.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [46, 58], "content_span": [59, 603]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073697-0002-0000", "contents": "1956 Democratic Party presidential primaries, Primary race\nBy April 1956, \"it appeared that Kefauver was on his way to a primary sweep matching the spectacular performance in 1952.\" Stevenson, however, was able to defeat Kefauver in the 1956 Oregon, Florida and California primaries and, overall, and ultimately won more primary votes than Kefauver before being re-nominated as the Democratic presidential nominee at the 1956 Democratic national convention.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [46, 58], "content_span": [59, 457]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073697-0003-0000", "contents": "1956 Democratic Party presidential primaries, Debates, Televised Kefauver-Stevenson debate\nOne of the first televised United States presidential debates was held as an hour long one-on-one debate between the party's top-two contenders, Kefauver and Stevenson. The debate was held in Miami, Florida ahead of the state's primary.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [46, 90], "content_span": [91, 327]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073697-0004-0000", "contents": "1956 Democratic Party presidential primaries, Debates, Televised Kefauver-Stevenson debate\nThe Russell Baker of The New York Times  wrote that the two contenders took near-identical stances on most of the issues discussed in the debate.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [46, 90], "content_span": [91, 236]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073698-0000-0000", "contents": "1956 Democratic Party vice presidential candidate selection\nThe selection of the Democratic Party's vice presidential candidate for the 1956 United States presidential election occurred at the party's national convention on August 16, 1956. Former presidential candidate and Tennessee's Senator Estes Kefauver defeated Massachusetts' Senator John F. Kennedy.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 59], "section_span": [59, 59], "content_span": [60, 358]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073698-0001-0000", "contents": "1956 Democratic Party vice presidential candidate selection, Background\nSenator John Sparkman, who was the party's vice presidential nominee in 1952, was mentioned as a possible presidential candidate and later became the head of Alabama's delegation to the national convention, but did not make an attempt at the presidential or vice presidential nomination.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 59], "section_span": [61, 71], "content_span": [72, 359]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073698-0002-0000", "contents": "1956 Democratic Party vice presidential candidate selection, Background\nOn July 9, Governor Frank G. Clement, who was speculated as a possible vice presidential candidate, was selected to give the keynote address at the national convention, but he stated that he had no intention of seeking the vice presidency.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 59], "section_span": [61, 71], "content_span": [72, 311]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073698-0003-0000", "contents": "1956 Democratic Party vice presidential candidate selection, Background\nFormer Massachusetts Governor Paul A. Dever stated that although Kennedy was not an active candidate he was in the running for the vice presidential nomination and that the Massachusetts, Missouri, Ohio, Michigan, and New Jersey delegations would support him. Senator Spessard Holland stated that a Stevenson-Kennedy ticket would easily carry Florida, and other Kennedy supporters stated that having a Catholic vice presidential nominee would guarantee 132 electoral votes along with those from the Solid South.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 59], "section_span": [61, 71], "content_span": [72, 583]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073698-0004-0000", "contents": "1956 Democratic Party vice presidential candidate selection, Background\nCalifornia Attorney General Pat Brown came out in support of an open vice presidential ballot and that Senators Hubert Humphrey, John F. Kennedy, and Al Gore Sr. and Governor Clement were excellent choices.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 59], "section_span": [61, 71], "content_span": [72, 278]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073698-0005-0000", "contents": "1956 Democratic Party vice presidential candidate selection, Balloting\nAfter winning the presidential nomination, Adlai Stevenson II announced that he would allow the convention delegates to choose his running mate and did not support any candidate. Governor W. Averell Harriman, who had received the second highest amount of delegates on the presidential ballot, also announced that he was not interested in the vice presidential nomination.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 59], "section_span": [61, 70], "content_span": [71, 442]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073698-0006-0000", "contents": "1956 Democratic Party vice presidential candidate selection, Balloting\nOn August 16, 1956, the vice presidential ballot started with multiple Southern favorite sons being supported on the first ballot. The plan of the Southern delegations was to deny Estes Kefauver a majority on the first ballot, due to his anti-segregation views, and then to unify behind an acceptable candidate. Kefauver's home state, Tennessee, supported Senator Al Gore Sr. on the first ballot and then realigned its support to Kennedy on the second and third ballots.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 59], "section_span": [61, 70], "content_span": [71, 541]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073698-0007-0000", "contents": "1956 Democratic Party vice presidential candidate selection, Balloting\nAfter initially leading on the first ballot Kefauver fell behind Kennedy on the second before receiving a majority on the third ballot after Gore withdrew and endorsed him, resulting in Kefauver in first place and Kennedy in second. Governor Orval Faubus, who had opposed Kefauver's nomination, stated that his nomination \"leaves us with a lot of hard work to do before November\".", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 59], "section_span": [61, 70], "content_span": [71, 451]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073699-0000-0000", "contents": "1956 Denver Pioneers football team\nThe 1956 Denver Pioneers football team represented the University of Denver in the Skyline Conference during the 1956 NCAA University Division football season. In its second season under head coach John Roning, the team compiled a 6\u20134 record (4\u20133 against Skyline opponents), tied for third in the conference, and outscored opponents by a total of 250 to 206.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [34, 34], "content_span": [35, 393]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073700-0000-0000", "contents": "1956 Detroit Lions season\nThe 1956 Detroit Lions season was their 27th in the league. The team improved on their previous season's output of 3\u20139, winning nine games. Despite the improvement, they missed the playoffs for the second consecutive season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [25, 25], "content_span": [26, 250]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073700-0001-0000", "contents": "1956 Detroit Lions season\nDetroit held the top spot by a half game in the Western Conference entering the final game of the season against the Chicago Bears at Wrigley Field, which the Lions lost, 38\u201321. After completing a handoff early in the second quarter, Detroit quarterback Bobby Layne was concussed and removed from the game, due to an unsportsmanlike conduct foul by Ed Meadows, for which Meadows was ejected.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [25, 25], "content_span": [26, 417]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073700-0002-0000", "contents": "1956 Detroit Lions season\nThe following season, the Lions won the Western Conference and the NFL championship, their third of the decade. The Lions won the NFL title in 1952 and 1953, and were runners-up in 1954.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [25, 25], "content_span": [26, 212]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073700-0003-0000", "contents": "1956 Detroit Lions season, Schedule, Standings\nNote: Tie games were not officially counted in the standings until 1972.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [27, 46], "content_span": [47, 119]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073701-0000-0000", "contents": "1956 Detroit Tigers season\nThe 1956 Detroit Tigers season was a season in American baseball. The team finished fifth in the American League with a record of 82\u201372, 15 games behind the New York Yankees.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [26, 26], "content_span": [27, 201]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073701-0001-0000", "contents": "1956 Detroit Tigers season, Player stats, Batting, Starters by position\nNote: Pos = Position; G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [28, 71], "content_span": [72, 196]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073701-0002-0000", "contents": "1956 Detroit Tigers season, Player stats, Batting, Other batters\nNote: G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [28, 64], "content_span": [65, 173]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073701-0003-0000", "contents": "1956 Detroit Tigers season, Player stats, Pitching, Starting pitchers\nNote: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [28, 69], "content_span": [70, 180]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073701-0004-0000", "contents": "1956 Detroit Tigers season, Player stats, Pitching, Other pitchers\nNote: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [28, 66], "content_span": [67, 177]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073701-0005-0000", "contents": "1956 Detroit Tigers season, Player stats, Pitching, Relief pitchers\nNote: G = Games pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; SV = Saves; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [28, 67], "content_span": [68, 168]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073702-0000-0000", "contents": "1956 Detroit Titans football team\nThe 1956 Detroit Titans football team represented the University of Detroit in the Missouri Valley Conference (MVC) during the 1956 NCAA University Division football season. In their third season under head coach Wally Fromhart, the Titans compiled a 2\u20138 record (0\u20134 against conference opponents), finished last in the MVC, and were outscored by opponents by a combined total of 194 to 99.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [33, 33], "content_span": [34, 423]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073702-0001-0000", "contents": "1956 Detroit Titans football team\nThe team's statistical leaders included Lou Faoro with 356 passing yards, Billy Russell with 183 rushing yards, Albert Korpak with 268 receiving yards, and Bill Dando with 24 points scored.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [33, 33], "content_span": [34, 223]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073702-0002-0000", "contents": "1956 Detroit Titans football team\nIn addition to head coach Wally Fromhart, the coaching staff included Kenneth Stilley (line coach), Robert Dove (end coach), John Ray (freshman coach), and Dr. Raymond D. Forsyth (trainer). Robert Chendes and James Lynch were the team co-captains.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [33, 33], "content_span": [34, 281]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073703-0000-0000", "contents": "1956 Divizia A\nThe 1956 Divizia A was the thirty-ninth season of Divizia A, the top-level football league of Romania.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [14, 14], "content_span": [15, 117]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073703-0001-0000", "contents": "1956 Divizia A, Champion squad\nGoalkeepers: Ion Voinescu (12 / 0); Costic\u0103 Toma (12 / 0). Defenders: Vasile Zavoda (22 / 0); Alexandru Apolzan (22 / 0); Victor Dumitrescu (19 / 0); Traian Iv\u0103nescu (12 / 0); Constantin Dragomirescu (1 / 0); Alexandru R\u0103dulescu (1 / 0). Midfielders: \u0218tefan Onisie (23 / 4); Tiberiu Bone (21 / 1); Gheorghe Staicu (1 / 0); Mircea Bibere (1 / 0).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [16, 30], "content_span": [31, 376]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073703-0001-0001", "contents": "1956 Divizia A, Champion squad\nForwards: Gheorghe Cacoveanu (20 / 10); Gheorghe Constantin (20 / 15); Ion Alecsandrescu (22 / 18); Francisc Zavoda (19 / 4); Nicolae T\u0103taru (20 / 7); Victor Moldovan (6 / 3); Gheorghe Nertea (2 / 0); Iosif B\u00fck\u00f6ssy (3 / 0); Marcel Marin (4 / 2); Ion Ghibea (1 / 0). (league appearances and goals listed in brackets)", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [16, 30], "content_span": [31, 346]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073704-0000-0000", "contents": "1956 Divizia B\nThe 1956 Divizia B was the 17th season of the second tier of the Romanian football league system.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [14, 14], "content_span": [15, 112]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073704-0001-0000", "contents": "1956 Divizia B\nThe format has been changed back to two series, one of them having 13 teams and the other one 14. At the end of the season the winners of the series promoted to Divizia A, the last two places from each series relegated to Divizia C. This was the seventh and the last season played in the spring-autumn system, a system imposed by the new leadership of the country which were in close ties with the Soviet Union.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [14, 14], "content_span": [15, 426]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073704-0002-0000", "contents": "1956 Divizia B, Team changes, Renamed teams\nFlac\u0103ra 1 Mai Ploie\u0219ti was renamed as Energia 1 Mai Ploie\u0219ti.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [16, 43], "content_span": [44, 105]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073705-0000-0000", "contents": "1956 Drexel Dragons football team\nThe 1956 Drexel Dragons football team represented the Drexel Institute of Technology (renamed Drexel University in 1970) as an independent during the 1956 NCAA College Division football season. Eddie Allen was the team's head coach.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [33, 33], "content_span": [34, 266]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073706-0000-0000", "contents": "1956 Duke Blue Devils football team\nThe 1956 Duke Blue Devils football team represented Duke University during the 1956 NCAA University Division football season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [35, 35], "content_span": [36, 161]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073707-0000-0000", "contents": "1956 Dunedin mayoral election\nThe 1956 Dunedin mayoral election was part of the New Zealand local elections held that same year. In 1956, elections were held for the Mayor of Dunedin plus other local government positions including twelve city councillors. The polling was conducted using the standard first-past-the-post electoral method.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [29, 29], "content_span": [30, 338]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073707-0001-0000", "contents": "1956 Dunedin mayoral election\nLen Wright, the incumbent Mayor, was re-elected for a third term, easily defeating his sole opponent councillor Michael Connelly of the Labour Party.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [29, 29], "content_span": [30, 179]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073708-0000-0000", "contents": "1956 Dutch TT\nThe 1956 Dutch TT was the second race of the 1956 Motorcycle Grand Prix season. It took place on the weekend of 30 June 1956 at the Assen circuit.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 13], "section_span": [13, 13], "content_span": [14, 160]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073709-0000-0000", "contents": "1956 Dutch general election\nGeneral elections were held in the Netherlands on 13 June 1956. For the first time, the Labour Party (PvdA) emerged as the largest party, winning 50 of the 150 seats in the House of Representatives.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [27, 27], "content_span": [28, 226]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073709-0001-0000", "contents": "1956 Dutch general election\nThe elections led to the continuation of the four-party coalition government, consisting of the PvdA, Catholic People's Party, Anti-Revolutionary Party and Christian Historical Union.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [27, 27], "content_span": [28, 211]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073709-0002-0000", "contents": "1956 Dutch general election, Electoral system\nPrior to the elections the number of seats in the House of Representatives was raised from 100 to 150. This meant that the electoral threshold was reduced from 1% to 0.67%.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 45], "content_span": [46, 218]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073710-0000-0000", "contents": "1956 Dwars door Belgi\u00eb\nThe 1956 Dwars door Belgi\u00eb was the 12th edition of the Dwars door Vlaanderen cycle race and was held on 13 to 14 April 1956. The race started and finished in Waregem. The race was won by Lucien Demunster.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [22, 22], "content_span": [23, 227]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073711-0000-0000", "contents": "1956 East Carolina Pirates football team\nThe 1956 East Carolina Pirates football team was an American football team that represented represented East Carolina College (now known as East Carolina University) as a member of the North State Conference during the 1956 NAIA football season. In their fifth season under head coach Jack Boone, the team compiled a 2\u20137\u20131 record.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [40, 40], "content_span": [41, 371]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073712-0000-0000", "contents": "1956 Eastern Michigan Hurons football team\nThe 1956 Eastern Michigan Hurons football team represented Eastern Michigan College (renamed Eastern Michigan University in 1959) in the Interstate Intercollegiate Athletic Conference (IIAC) during the 1956 NCAA College Division football season. In their fifth season under head coach Fred Trosko, the Hurons compiled a 4\u20134 record (3\u20133 against IIAC opponents) and outscored their opponents, 158 to 84. On October 27, 1956, the team set an IIAC scoring record with 10 touchdowns in a 65-0 victory over Eastern Illinois. Thomas O. McCormick was the team captain. McCormick also received the team's most valuable player award. Kerry Keating led the team with 417 yards of total offense, 417 rushing yards, 126 receiving yards, seven touchdowns, and 42 points scored. Herman Carroll led in passing with 413 passing yards.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 42], "section_span": [42, 42], "content_span": [43, 860]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073713-0000-0000", "contents": "1956 Ecuadorian general election\nGeneral elections were held in Ecuador on 3 June 1956. The presidential elections were won by Camilo Ponce Enr\u00edquez of the People's Alliance, a coalition of the Conservative Party, the Social Christian Party and Ecuadorian Nationalist Revolutionary Action. He defeated Ra\u00fal Clemente Huerta of the National Democratic Front (an alliance of the Ecuadorian Radical Liberal Party, the Socialist Party and the Communist Party) by 0.4% of the vote. He took office on 1 September.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [32, 32], "content_span": [33, 506]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073714-0000-0000", "contents": "1956 Edmonton Eskimos season\nThe 1956 Edmonton Eskimos finished in 1st place in the Western Interprovincial Football Union with an 11\u20135 record and won the 44th Grey Cup, completing the first Grey Cup three-peat in the modern era.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [28, 28], "content_span": [29, 229]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073715-0000-0000", "contents": "1956 Edmonton municipal election\nThe 1956 municipal election was held October 17, 1956 to elect five aldermen to sit on Edmonton City Council and three trustees to sit on each of the public and separate school boards. The electorate also decided nine plebiscite questions. There was no election for mayor, as William Hawrelak was one year into a two-year term.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [32, 32], "content_span": [33, 360]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073715-0001-0000", "contents": "1956 Edmonton municipal election\nThere were ten aldermen on city council, but five of the positions were already filled: Abe Miller, Cliffard Roy, Hu Harries, James Falconer, and William Connelly were all elected to two-year terms in 1955 and were still in office.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [32, 32], "content_span": [33, 264]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073715-0002-0000", "contents": "1956 Edmonton municipal election\nThere were seven trustees on the public school board, but four of the positions were already filled: Mary Butterworth, Herbert Smith, James Hanna, and William Henning were elected to two-year terms in 1955 and were still in office. The same was true on the separate board, where Amby Lenon, Andre Dechene, Orest Demco, and Catherine McGrath were continuing.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [32, 32], "content_span": [33, 390]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073715-0003-0000", "contents": "1956 Edmonton municipal election, Voter turnout\nThere were 13360 ballots cast out of 133537 eligible voters, for a voter turnout of 10.0%.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 47], "content_span": [48, 138]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073715-0004-0000", "contents": "1956 Edmonton municipal election, Results, Plebiscites, Paving\nShall Council pass a bylaw creating a debenture debt in the sum of $1,000,000.00 for the City's share of standard paving on arterial and residential streets?", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 62], "content_span": [63, 220]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073715-0005-0000", "contents": "1956 Edmonton municipal election, Results, Plebiscites, Parks\nShall Council pass a bylaw creating a debenture debt in the sum of $500,000.00 for the improvement of City parks, and the commencement of work on undeveloped parkland, circles, buffer zones, ravine side boulevards and similar works, including, necessary new roads, sewers and drains into parkland?", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 61], "content_span": [62, 359]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073715-0006-0000", "contents": "1956 Edmonton municipal election, Results, Plebiscites, Health Clinic\nShall Council pass a bylaw creating a debenture debt in the sum of $60,000.00 for the purpose of a health clinic to provide inoculation services, supervision of babies and pre-school children and preventative dental services?", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 69], "content_span": [70, 295]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073715-0007-0000", "contents": "1956 Edmonton municipal election, Results, Plebiscites, Royal Alexandra Hospital\nShall Council pass a bylaw creating a debenture debt in the sum of $350,000.00 to provide equipment and furnishings at the Royal Alexandra Hospital, miscellaneous improvements to the interior and exterior of the Hospital?", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 80], "content_span": [81, 302]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073715-0008-0000", "contents": "1956 Edmonton municipal election, Results, Plebiscites, Traffic Lights\nShall Council pass a bylaw creating a debenture debt in the sum of $150,000.00 in order to purchase and install additional traffic lights at various locations within the City?", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 70], "content_span": [71, 246]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073715-0009-0000", "contents": "1956 Edmonton municipal election, Results, Plebiscites, Fire Hall\nShall Council pass a bylaw creating a debenture debt in the sum of $125,000.00 for the purpose of constructing a fire hall in the vicinity of 97th Street and 127th Avenue?", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 65], "content_span": [66, 237]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073715-0010-0000", "contents": "1956 Edmonton municipal election, Results, Plebiscites, Royal Alexandra Hospital - Nurses Residence\nShall Council pass a bylaw creating a debenture debt in the sum of $2,700,000.00 for the purpose of constructing at the Royal Alexandra Hospital nurses residence and training school?", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 99], "content_span": [100, 282]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073716-0000-0000", "contents": "1956 Egyptian referendum\nA double referendum was held in Egypt on 23 June 1956. The two issues were the candidacy of Gamal Abdel Nasser for the post of president, and a new constitution. Both were approved, with the official figures showing 99.9% in favour of Nasser's candidacy and 99.8% in favour of the constitution.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [24, 24], "content_span": [25, 319]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073716-0001-0000", "contents": "1956 Egyptian referendum, Background\nPrior to the vote, Nasser had been consolidating power after ousting Muhammad Naguib and launching a massive crackdown against the Muslim Brotherhood in 1954. Other opposition forces had been previously outflanked by the Liberation Rally, the official political movement of the state set up by the Revolutionary Command Council following the abolition of political parties in 1953. The Liberation Rally's purpose was to acquire mass support for the RCC across the country and was reorganized into the National Union (NU) in 1956. The press also endorsed and urged support for the referendums. Another chief contributor to Nasser's growing legitimacy was his personal charisma. The NU chose a constitutional committee to pen the new constitution, although its members were picked by Nasser himself.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 36], "content_span": [37, 834]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073716-0002-0000", "contents": "1956 Egyptian referendum, Results\nThe referendums were overwhelmingly supported by the electorate. According to government tallies, Nasser's bid for the presidency and the proposed constitution received almost unanimous approval by voters. Nasser ran uncontested, nominated by the new ruling party, the National Union. Historian Kirk J. Beatie wrote the government figures were likely fictitious, but it is also \"impossible to know how accurate they were.\" Nasser successfully used the vote to promote himself as the protector of democracy, but according to author May Kassem, the vote \"was utilized in an authoritarian manner\" that only served to consecrate Nasser's rule.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 33], "content_span": [34, 673]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073717-0000-0000", "contents": "1956 Ekstraklasa, Overview\n12 teams competed in the league and the championship was won by Legia Warsaw.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 16], "section_span": [18, 26], "content_span": [27, 104]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073718-0000-0000", "contents": "1956 Emperor's Cup, Overview\nIt was contested by 16 teams, and Keio BRB won the championship.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 18], "section_span": [20, 28], "content_span": [29, 93]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073719-0000-0000", "contents": "1956 Emperor's Cup Final\nThis is the current revision of this page, as edited by Monkbot (talk | contribs) at 00:17, 8 January 2020 (\u2192\u200etop: Task 15:  language icon template(s) replaced (1\u00d7);). The present address (URL) is a permanent link to this version.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [24, 24], "content_span": [25, 255]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073719-0001-0000", "contents": "1956 Emperor's Cup Final\n1956 Emperor's Cup Final was the 36th final of the Emperor's Cup competition. The final was played at Omiya Velodrome in Saitama on May 6, 1956. Keio BRB won the championship.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [24, 24], "content_span": [25, 200]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073719-0002-0000", "contents": "1956 Emperor's Cup Final, Overview\nKeio BRB won the championship, by defeating Yawata Steel 4\u20132.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 34], "content_span": [35, 96]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073720-0000-0000", "contents": "1956 English Greyhound Derby\nThe 1956 Greyhound Derby took place during June with the final being held on 30 June 1956 at White City Stadium. The winner was Dunmore King and the winning owner Mr Jack McAlister (an Irish farmer) received \u00a31,500.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [28, 28], "content_span": [29, 244]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073720-0001-0000", "contents": "1956 English Greyhound Derby, Final result, Distances\n\u00bd, dead heat, 1, 3, 1\u00be (lengths)The distances between the greyhounds are in finishing order and shown in lengths. From 1950 one length was equal to 0.08 of one second.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 53], "content_span": [54, 221]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073720-0002-0000", "contents": "1956 English Greyhound Derby, Competition Report\nShipping magnate Noel Purvis owned a four strong team heading into the 1956 Derby led by Gulf of Darien the Cesarewitch champion. Two litter brothers called Northern King and Northern Champion and the fast starting Belingas Customer completed the quartet. Rushton Mac returned for his third Derby looking to match the two Derby wins of Mick the Miller. Two finalists from the previous year also lined up, Grand Prix and Laurels champions Duet Leader and Home Straight.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 48], "content_span": [49, 517]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073720-0003-0000", "contents": "1956 English Greyhound Derby, Competition Report\nRushton Mac progressed no further than the first round which resulted in his connections retiring him to stud. All of the market leaders progressed to round two and both Northern King and Northern Champion recorded wins and both of the other two Purvis runners finished second in their heats. Northern King had set the fastest qualifying time so far with a 28.86 defeating Duet Leader and Home Straight in the process. Another greyhound called Dunmore King had eased through each round; this fawn dog had arrived from Ireland after winning the McAlevey Gold Cup at Celtic Park. He was put with Paddy McEvoy after Irish owner/trainer Jack McAllister sent the dog with his head lad Barney O\u2019Connor accompanying him.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 48], "content_span": [49, 762]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073720-0004-0000", "contents": "1956 English Greyhound Derby, Competition Report\nThe semi-finals and Dunmore King was matched in a strong heat with Northern Champion, Gulf of Darien and Home Straight. Dunmore King soon led and won easily, Home Straight and Northern Champion both faded badly on the final straight allowing Gulf of Darien and Quick Surprise to qualify. In the second semi-final Northern King continued his outstanding form with a trap to line victory in a very fast 28.75, Duet Leader missed the break but ran on well for second and Grandbally Shaun caught Belingas Customer to claim third place.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 48], "content_span": [49, 580]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073720-0005-0000", "contents": "1956 English Greyhound Derby, Competition Report\nIn the final Duet leader broke well as the traps opened but Dunmore King's early pace took him into the lead at the first bend. Northern King missed the break but showed enough early pace to join the two leaders at halfway and then challenge the lead at the third bend. Northern King clipped Duet Leader's heels causing both of them to lose any chance of winning. The tiring Dunmore King held on by just half a length with Gulf of Darien finishing well to dead heat with Duet leader for second place.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 48], "content_span": [49, 549]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073721-0000-0000", "contents": "1956 English cricket season\n1956 was the 57th season of County Championship cricket in England. It is memorable for the performances of Jim Laker, especially his unique feat in taking a world record 19 wickets in the Old Trafford Test Match. He took a total of 46 wickets in the five Tests, a record in an England-Australia series. In May, he had taken all ten wickets in the Australian first innings in their match against Surrey, assisting Surrey to become the first county side since 1912 to defeat the Australians. Surrey won the County Championship for the fifth successive year to create a new record of consecutive titles won by one county.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [27, 27], "content_span": [28, 647]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073721-0001-0000", "contents": "1956 English cricket season, Leading batsmen\nKen Mackay topped the averages with 1103 runs @ 52.52", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 44], "content_span": [45, 98]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073721-0002-0000", "contents": "1956 English cricket season, Leading bowlers\nTony Lock topped the averages with 155 wickets @ 12.46", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 44], "content_span": [45, 99]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073722-0000-0000", "contents": "1956 Eritrean parliamentary election\nAssembly elections were held in Eritrea on 5 and 6 September 1956. All candidates ran as independents.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [36, 36], "content_span": [37, 139]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073722-0001-0000", "contents": "1956 Eritrean parliamentary election, Background\nElections had previously been held in 1952 during the British administration. Following the elections, article 45 of the new Eritrean constitution required that the Legislative Assembly pass a new electoral law to replace the 1951 proclamation and establish an Electoral High Commission prior to the next elections. In 1953 the Assembly rejected a draft law, and the government obtained confirmation from the Attorney General that the 1951 proclamation would still be applicable.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 48], "content_span": [49, 528]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073722-0002-0000", "contents": "1956 Eritrean parliamentary election, Background\nHowever, this had not been done, and in the months leading up to the 1956 elections the Muslim League asked the Supreme Court to declare them unconstitutional.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 48], "content_span": [49, 208]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073722-0003-0000", "contents": "1956 Eritrean parliamentary election, Conduct\nThe Eritrean police force began harassing opponents of the Unionist Party government in September 1955 under the leadership of pro-Unionist Tedla Ogbit. The federal authorities also intervened to \"frighten off any possible opposition\", and one anti-Unionist candidate, Muhammed Omar Akito, had a bomb thrown into his living room.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 45], "content_span": [46, 375]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073722-0004-0000", "contents": "1956 Eritrean parliamentary election, Conduct\nHowever, the Supreme Court made some interventions on behalf of the opposition, demanding opposition candidate Fessha Woldermariam be released from police detainment after he was arrested a week before nominations closed. It also confirmed the victory of opposition candidate Muhammed Omar Akito, which the Assembly had declared invalid.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 45], "content_span": [46, 383]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073722-0005-0000", "contents": "1956 Eritrean parliamentary election, Results\nA total of 188 candidates contested the 68 seats, with 32 Unionists and 24 opposition or non-aligned candidates elected.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 45], "content_span": [46, 166]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073722-0006-0000", "contents": "1956 Eritrean parliamentary election, Aftermath\nThe self-dissolution of the Assembly in 1962 was the pretext for annexation of Eritrea by Imperial Ethiopia.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 47], "content_span": [48, 156]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073723-0000-0000", "contents": "1956 Estonian SSR Football Championship\nThe 1956 Estonian SSR Football Championship was won by Baltic Fleet Tallinn.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [39, 39], "content_span": [40, 116]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073724-0000-0000", "contents": "1956 European Baseball Championship\nThe 1956 European Baseball Championship was held in Rome, Italy and was won by the Netherlands. Belgium finished as runner-up.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [35, 35], "content_span": [36, 162]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073725-0000-0000", "contents": "1956 European Cup Final\nThe 1956 European Cup Final was the inaugural final in the pan-European football competition, the European Cup, now known as the UEFA Champions League. It was contested by Real Madrid of Spain and Reims from France, and played at the Parc des Princes in Paris on 13 June 1956 in front of 38,000 people. Real Madrid reached the final by beating Italian side Milan 5\u20134 on aggregate, whereas Reims beat Scottish club Hibernian 3\u20130 on aggregate. The match finished 4\u20133 to Real Madrid, who went on to record an unrivalled five consecutive European Cup titles.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [23, 23], "content_span": [24, 578]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073725-0000-0001", "contents": "1956 European Cup Final\nThe match started brightly for Reims, with Michel Leblond and Jean Templin scoring to make it 2\u20130 inside 10 minutes, but by half-time, Madrid had levelled the scores through goals from Alfredo Di St\u00e9fano and H\u00e9ctor Rial. Reims took the lead again on 62 minutes through Michel Hidalgo, but when Marquitos and Rial scored in the 67th and 79th minutes respectively, Reims could no longer respond, winning  Madrid the first ever European Cup/Champions League title, the first of five consecutive titles that they would go on to win.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [23, 23], "content_span": [24, 552]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073725-0001-0000", "contents": "1956 European Cup Final, Route to the final, Real Madrid\nReal Madrid entered the European Cup competition as the title winners of the 1954\u201355 La Liga. In the opening round, they were drawn with Swiss champions Servette. After they secured a 2\u20130 victory away from home in the first leg, they secured a 5\u20130 victory at the Santiago Bernab\u00e9u Stadium with Alfredo Di St\u00e9fano scoring two goals in the victory. In the quarter-finals they were drawn against Yugoslavian side FK Partizan who had finished fifth in the previous season. In the opening leg at home, Heliodoro Casta\u00f1o Pedrosa scored two goals as fellow goals from Francisco Gento and Alfredo Di St\u00e9fano gave Real Madrid a four goal lead heading into the away leg at Belgrade.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 56], "content_span": [57, 729]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073726-0000-0000", "contents": "1956 European Figure Skating Championships\nThe 1956 European Figure Skating Championships were held on January 19\u201321, 1956 in Paris, France. Elite senior-level figure skaters from European ISU member nations competed for the title of European Champion in the disciplines of men's singles, ladies' singles, pair skating, and ice dancing.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 42], "section_span": [42, 42], "content_span": [43, 336]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073727-0000-0000", "contents": "1956 European Rowing Championships\nThe 1956 European Rowing Championships were rowing championships held on Lake Bled in the city of Bled which, at the time, was located in Yugoslavia. Men competed in all seven Olympic boat classes (M1x, M2x, M2-, M2+, M4-, M4+, M8+), and women entered in five boat classes (W1x, W2x, W4x+, W4+, W8+). Many of the men competed two months later at the Olympic Games in Melbourne; women would first be allowed to compete at Olympic level in 1976.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [34, 34], "content_span": [35, 478]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073727-0001-0000", "contents": "1956 European Rowing Championships, Background\nFISA, the International Rowing Federation, decided at its congress held just prior to the 1955 Championships in Ghent to award the 1956 Championships to Bled, and that the 1957 Championships were to be hosted by Duisburg.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [36, 46], "content_span": [47, 268]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073728-0000-0000", "contents": "1956 European Shotgun Championships\nThe 1956 European Shotgun Championships was the 1st edition of the global shotgun competition, European Shotgun Championships, organised by the International Shooting Sport Federation.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [35, 35], "content_span": [36, 220]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073729-0000-0000", "contents": "1956 FA Charity Shield\nThe 1956 FA Charity Shield was the 34th FA Charity Shield, an annual football match held between the winners of the previous season's Football League and FA Cup competitions. The match was contested by Manchester United, who had won the 1955\u201356 Football League, and Manchester City, who had won the 1955\u201356 FA Cup, at Maine Road, Manchester, on 24 October 1956. Manchester United won the match 1\u20130, Dennis Viollet scoring the winning goal. Manchester United goalkeeper David Gaskell made his debut for the club during the game, taking the place of injured goalkeeper Ray Wood, and, at the age of 16 years and 19 days, became the youngest player ever to play for the club.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [22, 22], "content_span": [23, 694]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073729-0001-0000", "contents": "1956 FA Charity Shield\nThis game was the first competitive floodlit Manchester derby. The game was a break with tradition as Charity Shield games were typically played at the home ground of the League Champions, but as Old Trafford had yet to install lights, the game was played at Maine Road. Prior to this the first floodlit Manchester derby was played on 26 February 1889 at the Belle Vue Athletic Ground. That match was also a charity game as it was played in aid of the Hyde Coal Mine disaster.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [22, 22], "content_span": [23, 499]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073730-0000-0000", "contents": "1956 FA Cup Final\nThe 1956 FA Cup Final was the final match of the 1955\u201356 staging of English football's primary cup competition, the Football Association Challenge Cup, better known as the FA Cup. The showpiece event was contested between Manchester City and Birmingham City at Wembley Stadium in London on Saturday 5 May 1956. Two-time winners Manchester City were appearing in their sixth final, whereas Birmingham City were seeking to win the competition for the first time, having lost their only previous final in 1931.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [17, 17], "content_span": [18, 525]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073730-0001-0000", "contents": "1956 FA Cup Final\nEach club needed to win five matches to reach the final. Manchester City's victories were close affairs, each settled by the odd goal, and they needed a replay to defeat fifth-round opponents Liverpool. Birmingham City made more comfortable progress: they scored eighteen goals while conceding only two, and won each match at the first attempt despite being drawn to play on their opponents' ground in every round. They became the first team to reach an FA Cup final without playing at home.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [17, 17], "content_span": [18, 509]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073730-0002-0000", "contents": "1956 FA Cup Final\nBirmingham City entered the match as favourites, in a contest billed as a contrast of styles. Watched by a crowd of 100,000 and a television audience of five million, Manchester City took an early lead through Joe Hayes, but Noel Kinsey equalised midway through the first half. Second half goals from Jack Dyson and Bobby Johnstone gave Manchester City a 3\u20131 victory. The match is best remembered for the heroics of Manchester City goalkeeper, Bert Trautmann, who continued playing despite breaking a bone in his neck in a collision with Birmingham City's Peter Murphy. Due to his heroics, the game is often referred to as \"the Trautmann final\".", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [17, 17], "content_span": [18, 663]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073730-0003-0000", "contents": "1956 FA Cup Final, Route to the final, Manchester City\nAs both Birmingham City and Manchester City were First Division clubs, they entered the competition in the third round. Manchester City's cup run started with a home tie against Blackpool. The visitors took the lead after only 10\u00a0seconds (their fastest goal ever), but midway through the match, fog enveloped Maine Road. The match was abandoned during the second half, immediately after City had scored an equalising goal, and replayed the following Wednesday; City won 2\u20131. In the fourth round Manchester City faced Southend United at Roots Hall.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 54], "content_span": [55, 602]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073730-0003-0001", "contents": "1956 FA Cup Final, Route to the final, Manchester City\nThe Essex club's ground had only opened five months previously, and was suffering from drainage problems. Torrential rainfall meant that in the week before the match a trench was dug across the pitch, and sand added. Though Southend were a Third Division team, their familiarity with the uneven pitch meant the match was closely contested. Southend pressured the Manchester City goal, requiring Bert Trautmann to make several saves, but Joe Hayes scored the only goal of the game on a City counter-attack to earn a fifth-round tie against Liverpool.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 54], "content_span": [55, 604]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073730-0004-0000", "contents": "1956 FA Cup Final, Route to the final, Manchester City\nIn the fifth-round match, the teams saw out a 0\u20130 draw at Maine Road, and the match was replayed at Anfield. Goals from Jack Dyson and Bobby Johnstone gave Manchester City a 2\u20131 lead, but the game finished in controversial circumstances when the referee blew his whistle for full time as Liverpool's Billy Liddell was bearing down on goal. Liddell put the ball in the net, but unbeknown to him the goal did not count as the match was already over. In the quarter final Manchester City again played opposition from Liverpool, facing Everton at Maine Road.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 54], "content_span": [55, 609]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073730-0004-0001", "contents": "1956 FA Cup Final, Route to the final, Manchester City\nTrailing 1\u20130 at half-time after a Jimmy Harris goal, City overcame the deficit in the second half with goals from Hayes and Johnstone. Further controversy followed in the semi-final against Tottenham Hotspur, when in the final minutes of the match, with the score at 1\u20130 to Manchester City, Tottenham were denied a penalty after goalkeeper Trautmann grabbed forward George Robb's leg. No further goalscoring opportunities occurred, and City hung on for the victory.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 54], "content_span": [55, 520]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073730-0005-0000", "contents": "1956 FA Cup Final, Route to the final, Birmingham City\nManager Arthur Turner called on his team to match their Third Division opponents Torquay United for fighting spirit and to produce a \"90-minute performance\". The players complied; leading 4\u20130 at half-time, they finished as comfortable 7\u20131 winners. In the fourth round, Leyton Orient, who had beaten Birmingham at the same stage four years earlier, posed more of a potential problem. In reality the win was equally comfortable: Eddy Brown added two goals to his hat-trick at Torquay. A tight local derby game followed on a snow-covered frozen pitch at The Hawthorns.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 54], "content_span": [55, 620]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073730-0005-0001", "contents": "1956 FA Cup Final, Route to the final, Birmingham City\nIn the first half, goalkeeper Gil Merrick and his defence did well to keep West Bromwich Albion out; Trevor Smith had to clear a Ronnie Allen header from under the crossbar. In the second half, Birmingham wasted several chances before a one-two with Brown allowed Peter Murphy to score from the edge of the penalty area.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 54], "content_span": [55, 375]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073730-0006-0000", "contents": "1956 FA Cup Final, Route to the final, Birmingham City\nIn the sixth round, Birmingham faced Arsenal on a muddy pitch. In order to relieve the tension on the way to important matches, manager Turner used to encourage the players to sing. Scotsman Alex Govan's contribution, Harry Lauder's rousing \"Keep right on to the end of the road\", was adopted by his teammates. As the team coach approached Highbury with the windows wound down, the fans joined in, continuing their rendition during the game. After first-half goals from Gordon Astall and Murphy, Birmingham went 3\u20130 up through Brown with twenty minutes left. Two minutes later, Arsenal scored from 30 yards (27\u00a0m), Birmingham were unsettled, and Merrick needed to make a fine save from Vic Groves to prevent a second Arsenal goal. Turner felt the motivation from such a powerful song played a significant part in the day's victory.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 54], "content_span": [55, 886]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073730-0007-0000", "contents": "1956 FA Cup Final, Route to the final, Birmingham City\nSemi-final opponents Sunderland found Birmingham without \"hard-man\" left-half Roy Warhurst, who had injured a thigh against Arsenal, but in Jack Badham they had an effective replacement. The club's official history describes this as \"probably the finest team performance against top class opposition ever produced\" by a Birmingham team. They attacked from the kick-off and nullified Sunderland's pressure and the threat of Len Shackleton. Noel Kinsey scored early and the second goal came from a passing move down the left side finished by Astall. As Sunderland threw everyone forward, which left them open at the back, Brown picked up a long through ball and lobbed the goalkeeper. Astall said afterwards that he was surprised they had not scored five, and Brown wrote in his newspaper column:", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 54], "content_span": [55, 849]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073730-0008-0000", "contents": "1956 FA Cup Final, Route to the final, Birmingham City\nNow Sunderland found out how hard it is to score against this terrific defence of ours. Not for nothing have we scored 18 goals against two (both of them freaks) conceded in five ties all away from home. What can I say to do justice to that brilliant goalkeeper Gil Merrick, to wonderful young Trevor Smith and to the matchless Jeff Hall and Ken Green? Once again they mixed the old cement and constructed that brilliant wall of a defence. Sunderland would have needed to call in a firm of demolition contractors to destroy it.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 54], "content_span": [55, 582]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073730-0009-0000", "contents": "1956 FA Cup Final, Route to the final, Birmingham City\nBirmingham City thus reached the final without playing a single tie at home, a feat which had never previously been accomplished.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 54], "content_span": [55, 184]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073730-0010-0000", "contents": "1956 FA Cup Final, Build-up\nThe 1956 final was the second time that Birmingham had reached the showpiece match, having lost 2\u20131 to West Bromwich Albion in 1931. Manchester City were appearing in the final for the sixth time, and for the second consecutive year. They had won the cup twice previously (in 1904 and 1934), and had been beaten in the final three times (in 1926, 1933 and 1955). Though Birmingham had less pedigree in the competition, the press viewed them as favourites.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 27], "content_span": [28, 483]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073730-0010-0001", "contents": "1956 FA Cup Final, Build-up\nThe Daily Telegraph contrasted Birmingham's \"dazzling Cup run\" with the manner in which Manchester City \"scraped through\", describing the Midlanders as \"firm favourites\". Interviews with players were typically bullish in tone. Manchester City's Bobby Johnstone opined that \"Even an unbiased fan must regard Manchester City with favour\", whereas Birmingham's Len Boyd gauged opinion quite differently: \"They say Birmingham City are the hottest Cup favourites since Wolves crashed to Portsmouth in 1939\".", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 27], "content_span": [28, 530]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073730-0011-0000", "contents": "1956 FA Cup Final, Build-up\nDuring the 1950s the FA Cup final was the only football match to be televised nationally, resulting in heightened media attention for the players and clubs involved. The Players' Union successfully requested an additional \u00a35 per man for appearing in a televised match, the first time such appearance money had been paid. Birmingham's players signed an exclusive contract with the BBC committing them to appear only on BBC programmes in the weeks leading up to the final, though their post-match celebration would be covered live by the regional commercial station ATV. The match itself attracted a television audience of five\u00a0million, a high figure for the period.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 27], "content_span": [28, 692]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073730-0012-0000", "contents": "1956 FA Cup Final, Build-up\nEach club received 15,000 tickets for the final from the Football Association. Birmingham distributed their share by ballot among those supporters who had followed the team in the earlier rounds of the competition; 22,000 had attended the semi-final, so many thousands were left disappointed. Of the remaining tickets, 4,640 were allocated to the FA, 40,640 to County Associations, 20,090 to Football League clubs, 2,550 to FA members and 2,080 to the FA Council and stadium authorities. An enquiry into the black market held following the previous year's Cup Final meant ticket touts kept a lower profile than usual. However, in the week leading up to the game, the cheapest standing tickets, originally sold for 3s\u00a06d, were changing hands in Birmingham for twenty times face value, or 35%\u00a0of a manual worker's weekly earnings.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 27], "content_span": [28, 856]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073730-0013-0000", "contents": "1956 FA Cup Final, Build-up\nManchester City spent the week preceding the final at a training camp in Eastbourne. Two days before the final Bert Trautmann, who had originally arrived in England as a prisoner of war, was named Footballer of the Year. Eight players who had played in the previous year's final were selected in the starting line-up. Press speculation in the run-up to the match pondered which of Don Revie and Bobby Johnstone would be selected, as Johnstone had been suffering from a calf problem.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 27], "content_span": [28, 510]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073730-0013-0001", "contents": "1956 FA Cup Final, Build-up\nBill Leivers was also an injury doubt due to a twisted ankle, and Billy Spurdle had a boil on his left arm lanced on the eve of the final. Consequently, the Manchester City line-up was not named until the morning of the match. Leivers was passed fit after having two pain-killing injections, but contrary to press expectations Spurdle missed out. This meant both Revie and Johnstone appeared in the line-up, Johnstone switching to outside right.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 27], "content_span": [28, 473]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073730-0014-0000", "contents": "1956 FA Cup Final, Build-up\nBirmingham also had doubts over their selection. Captain Len Boyd had for some time been suffering from a debilitating back problem, and relied on injections to keep him playing. He missed five of the last seven games of the season, but was passed fit on the Wednesday before the game. Fellow wing half Roy Warhurst had injured his thigh in the sixth-round match and played no further part in the season, while Badham, who damaged an ankle three weeks before the final, travelled on the Thursday with the rest of the team to their base in Twyford, Berkshire. Jeff Hall was struggling with a virus. When manager Turner announced his team on the eve of the match, Boyd took Warhurst's position at left-half, Badham, who had proved an able deputy in the semi-final, was omitted, and the inexperienced 22-year-old Johnny Newman came in on the right.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 27], "content_span": [28, 873]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073730-0015-0000", "contents": "1956 FA Cup Final, Build-up\nBritish Railways laid on 38 special trains to take some 19,000 supporters to London, the first of which arrived at St Pancras station from Manchester Central shortly after 3\u00a0a.m. For the first time, the official programmes were on sale from early morning in an attempt to thwart sellers of unofficial versions. The Birmingham Mail set up a temporary press in a Wembley car park to produce a special edition of their Saturday sports paper, the Sports Argus, on blue paper rather than the usual pink.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 27], "content_span": [28, 526]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073730-0015-0001", "contents": "1956 FA Cup Final, Build-up\nAs the teams prepared in the dressing rooms, the crowd was led in communal singing, including songs with resonance for each of the two teams, \"She's a lassie from Lancashire\" and \"Keep right on to the end of the road\", and the hymn \"Abide with Me\", traditionally sung before every FA Cup final. As the teams emerged from the tunnel, Manchester City captain Roy Paul seized one last opportunity to stir emotion within the players by stopping, raising his fist and shouting \"If we don't fucking win, you'll get some of this\".", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 27], "content_span": [28, 551]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073730-0016-0000", "contents": "1956 FA Cup Final, Match, Summary\nBoth teams employed the formation typical of the era: two full backs, a centre half, two wing halves, two outside forwards, two inside forwards and a centre forward. However, their tactical approaches differed. Birmingham, described by The Times as using \"iron determination, powerful tackling and open direct methods\", employed the traditional English approach of getting the ball to the outside-forwards as quickly as possible, whereas Manchester City adopted tactics inspired by the Hungarian team which had soundly beaten England at Wembley three years before.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 33], "content_span": [34, 598]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073730-0016-0001", "contents": "1956 FA Cup Final, Match, Summary\nThe system involved using Don Revie in a deeper position than a traditional centre-forward in order to draw a defender out of position, and was therefore known as the \"Revie Plan\". As both teams' first-choice colours were blue, each team wore their change strip to prevent confusion. Manchester City therefore wore maroon stripes, and Birmingham City wore white.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 33], "content_span": [34, 396]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073730-0017-0000", "contents": "1956 FA Cup Final, Match, Summary\nBirmingham won the toss and Manchester City kicked off. The Birmingham goal came under pressure almost immediately. Within a minute a far post cross from Roy Clarke narrowly eluded Hayes. Two corners followed, the second resulting in a shot by Roy Paul. The next attack, in the third minute, resulted in the opening goal. Revie began the move, exchanging passes with Clarke, and back-heeling for the unmarked Hayes to sweep the ball past Gil Merrick to put Manchester City ahead.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 33], "content_span": [34, 513]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073730-0017-0001", "contents": "1956 FA Cup Final, Match, Summary\nBirmingham's confidence was shaken, resulting in a series of Manchester City corners and a chance for Hayes, but they fought back to equalise in the 15th\u00a0minute. Astall slipped the ball to Brown, who helped it forward. It rebounded off a Manchester City defender into the path of Welsh international inside\u2011forward Noel Kinsey, who fired home via Trautmann's far post. For the remainder of the first half Birmingham had most of the play, exerting pressure on Manchester City full-back Leivers, but were unable to make a breakthrough. Though Birmingham put the ball in the net twice, Brown was adjudged to be offside on both occasions. With Warhurst missing and Boyd out of position and not fully fit, Birmingham's strength and balance was disrupted, leaving them particularly vulnerable to Manchester City's unconventional style.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 33], "content_span": [34, 863]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073730-0018-0000", "contents": "1956 FA Cup Final, Match, Summary\nDuring the half-time interval, a row erupted between the Birmingham manager and some of his players about their fitness; in the Manchester City dressing room, a heated exchange took place between Barnes and Revie. Barnes had played defensively in the first half to counter the threat of Peter Murphy, but Revie urged him to play further forward. Meanwhile, manager Les McDowall exhorted his players to keep possession and make their opponents chase the ball.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 33], "content_span": [34, 492]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073730-0019-0000", "contents": "1956 FA Cup Final, Match, Summary\nThe period immediately after half\u2011time saw few chances, but then, after just over an hour's play, Manchester City regained their stride and suddenly went two goals ahead. A throw-in to Revie led to interplay on the right wing involving Barnes, Dyson, and Johnstone, resulting in a through-ball which put Dyson clear of the defence to score. Two minutes later, Trautmann collected the ball at the end of a Birmingham attack and kicked the ball long to Dyson, over the heads of the retreating Birmingham players. Dyson flicked the ball on to Bobby Johnstone, who scored Manchester City's third, becoming the first player ever to score in consecutive Wembley finals in the process.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 33], "content_span": [34, 712]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073730-0020-0000", "contents": "1956 FA Cup Final, Match, Summary\nWith 17\u00a0minutes remaining, a Birmingham chance arose when Murphy outpaced Dave Ewing. Goalkeeper Trautmann dived at the feet of Murphy to win the ball, but in the collision Murphy's right knee hit Trautmann's neck with a forceful blow. Trautmann was knocked unconscious, and the referee stopped play immediately. Trainer Laurie Barnett rushed onto the pitch, and treatment continued for several minutes. No substitutes were permitted, so Manchester City would have to see out the game with ten men if Trautmann was unable to continue.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 33], "content_span": [34, 568]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073730-0020-0001", "contents": "1956 FA Cup Final, Match, Summary\nCaptain Roy Paul felt certain that Trautmann was not fit to complete the match, and wished to put Roy Little in goal instead. However, Trautmann, dazed and unsteady on his feet, insisted upon keeping his goal. He played out the remaining minutes in great pain, with the Manchester City defenders attempting to clear the ball well upfield or into the stand whenever it came near. Trautmann was called upon to make two further saves to deny Brown and Murphy, the second causing him to recoil in agony due to a collision with Ewing, which required the trainer to revive him.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 33], "content_span": [34, 605]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073730-0021-0000", "contents": "1956 FA Cup Final, Match, Summary\nNo further goals were scored, and the referee blew for full time with the final score 3\u20131 to Manchester City. As the players left the field, the crowd sang a chorus of \"For he's a jolly good fellow\" in tribute to Trautmann's bravery. Roy Paul led his team up the steps to the royal box to receive Manchester City's third FA Cup. Trautmann's neck continued to cause him pain, and the Duke of Edinburgh commented on its crooked state as he gave Trautmann his winner's medal. Three days later, an examination revealed that Trautmann had broken a bone in his neck.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 33], "content_span": [34, 594]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073730-0022-0000", "contents": "1956 FA Cup Final, Post-match\nTrautmann attended the evening's post-match banquet (where Alma Cogan sang to the players) despite being unable to move his head, and went to bed expecting his injury to heal with rest. As the pain did not recede, the following day he went to St George's Hospital, where he was told he merely had a crick in his neck which would go away. Three days later, he got a second opinion from a doctor at Manchester Royal Infirmary. An X-ray revealed he had dislocated five vertebrae in his neck, the second of which was cracked in two. The third vertebra had wedged against the second, preventing further damage which could have cost Trautmann his life.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 29], "content_span": [30, 676]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073730-0023-0000", "contents": "1956 FA Cup Final, Post-match\nWhen Manchester City's train from London reached Manchester, the team were greeted by cameras from Granada TV and an open-top bus. They embarked on a journey from London Road station to the town hall in Albert Square, taking a route along some of Manchester's main shopping streets. The size and spirit of the crowds led the Manchester Evening Chronicle to make comparisons with VE Day. The boisterousness of the crowds in Albert Square meant the Lord Mayor struggled to make his speech heard above chants of \"We want Bert\". After the civic reception at the Town Hall and a banquet at a Piccadilly restaurant, the team returned to the open-top bus and headed to Belle Vue Pleasure Gardens, near the club's former home of Hyde Road in east Manchester, where the Chronicle held a function.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 29], "content_span": [30, 817]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073730-0024-0000", "contents": "1956 FA Cup Final, Post-match\nAn estimated 10,000 people met the Birmingham City party on their return to Snow Hill station. The players, in the first of a convoy of four coaches, waved to the assembled crowds through the open sun-roof as they proceeded to the Council House, where the Lord Mayor welcomed them on behalf of the city. Len Boyd addressed the crowds from the balcony before the coaches continued through the city centre and back to St Andrew's, Birmingham City's home ground. The following Wednesday, a dinner was held to honour the club's achievements. Guests included the 84-year-old Billy Walton, who had joined the club in 1888, six members of Birmingham's 1931 cup final team, and a trade delegation from the Soviet city of Sverdlovsk.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 29], "content_span": [30, 754]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073730-0025-0000", "contents": "1956 FA Cup Final, Post-match\nThough the thousands gathered outside the Council House roared \"No!\" when Boyd said the team felt they had let the supporters down, there were recriminations concerning Birmingham's performance and team selection. The local press suggested that attempts to combat \"Wembley nerves\" had resulted in an \"over-casual approach to the game\". The row at half-time had done little for second-half morale, but speaking fifty years later, Gil Merrick placed the blame less on Boyd's questionable fitness than on a failure to discuss how to stop Revie.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 29], "content_span": [30, 571]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073730-0025-0001", "contents": "1956 FA Cup Final, Post-match\nAlex Govan, convinced that \"if Roy Warhurst had been fit then there would only have been one winner\", blamed \"bad team selection\", saying that even without Warhurst he firmly believed \"that if Badham had been in we would have won that game. He would never have given Don Revie the room to run the match.\" Warhurst himself thought the selection of Newman \"meant the team had to adapt its style and in the end we used different tactics to those that had been successful all season\".", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 29], "content_span": [30, 510]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073731-0000-0000", "contents": "1956 FAMAS Awards\nThe 4th Filipino Academy of Movie Arts and Sciences Awards Night was held on MARCH 17, 1956 for the Outstanding Achievements in 1955 at Fiesta Pavilion in Manila Hotel.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [17, 17], "content_span": [18, 186]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073731-0001-0000", "contents": "1956 FAMAS Awards\nHigit Sa Lahat, by (LVN Pictures) is the recipient of this edition's FAMAS Award for Best Picture.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [17, 17], "content_span": [18, 116]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073732-0000-0000", "contents": "1956 FC Dinamo Bucure\u0219ti season\nThe 1956 season was Dinamo Bucure\u0219ti's eighth season in Divizia A. As Romanian champions, Dinamo plays in the European Cup, becoming the first Romanian team to participate in this competition. In Divizia A, Dinamo ends second place, four points behind the champions. Alexandru Ene is also second in the goalscorer's hierarchy, with 17 goals.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [31, 31], "content_span": [32, 373]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073732-0001-0000", "contents": "1956 FC Dinamo Bucure\u0219ti season, European Cup\nOn August 26, 1956, Dinamo plays their first European game. In the preliminary round, Dinamo meets Galatasaray Istanbul. The first match takes place in Bucharest, on 23 August stadium, in front of 85.000 spectators. Dinamo wins 3\u20131 and then they move forward after a 1\u20132 loss in Istanbul. In the first round, Dinamo is eliminated by CDNA Sofia.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 45], "content_span": [46, 390]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073732-0002-0000", "contents": "1956 FC Dinamo Bucure\u0219ti season, Transfers\nBefore the season start, Iuliu U\u0163u is brought from Stiinta Timi\u015foara, for Petre Curcan. Carol Bartha is transferred to Progresul Oradea. Vasile Anghel and Ion Nunweiller are promoted from the junior team.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 42], "content_span": [43, 247]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073733-0000-0000", "contents": "1956 FC Steaua Bucure\u0219ti season\nThe 1956 season was FC Steaua Bucure\u0219ti's 9th season since its founding in 1947.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [31, 31], "content_span": [32, 112]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073734-0000-0000", "contents": "1956 FDGB-Pokal\nThe 1956 FDGB-Pokal started with 148 teams. It was the sixth time that the East German national cup in association football was contested. Due to the switch to a calendar year season the final took place at the end of the year.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 15], "section_span": [15, 15], "content_span": [16, 243]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073734-0001-0000", "contents": "1956 FDGB-Pokal\nTwo qualifying rounds were played before the first round. All rounds were played as knock-out matches with extra time following a draw after 90 minutes. If extra time yielded no winner, the teams faced each other again in a replay.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 15], "section_span": [15, 15], "content_span": [16, 247]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073734-0002-0000", "contents": "1956 FDGB-Pokal\n120 quarter-finalist of the DDR-Bezirkspokal competitions were joined by 21 members of the third-tier 2nd DDR-Liga that had been created in 1955. After the second qualifying round, the remaining 36 teams were joined by the 28 teams from the top-tier DDR-Oberliga and the second-tier DDR-Liga. By the third round proper none of the Bezirkspokal or 2nd DDR-Liga sides remained. In addition Oberliga sides Rotation Babelsberg, Motor Karl-Marx-Stadt, SC Rotation Leipzig and Motor Zwickau had been eliminated.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 15], "section_span": [15, 15], "content_span": [16, 521]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073734-0002-0001", "contents": "1956 FDGB-Pokal\nThree DDR-Liga teams entered the quarter-finals \u2013 Chemie Wolfen, Chemie Halle-Leuna and BSG Chemie Zeitz \u2013 but only Halle went through to the semi-finals after a 4\u20133 extra time win over Aktivist Brieske-Senftenberg. In the semi-final the underdogs from Halle held Oberliga side Turbine Erfurt to a 1-all draw after extra time \u2013 and won the replay 5-0 to reach the final in Magdeburg. Their opponents were ZASK Vorw\u00e4rts Berlin who had eliminated holders and Oberliga champions Wismut Karl-Marx-Stadt.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 15], "section_span": [15, 15], "content_span": [16, 515]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073734-0003-0000", "contents": "1956 FDGB-Pokal, First qualifying round\nBSG Wismut Auerbach, BSG Wismut Schneeberg, BSG Stahl Lippendorf were given byes to the second qualifying round.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 15], "section_span": [17, 39], "content_span": [40, 152]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073735-0000-0000", "contents": "1956 FIVB Volleyball Men's World Championship\nThe 1956 FIVB Men's World Championship was the third edition of the tournament, organised by the world's governing body, the FIVB. It was held from 30 August to 12 September 1956 in Paris, France.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 45], "section_span": [45, 45], "content_span": [46, 242]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073736-0000-0000", "contents": "1956 FIVB Volleyball Women's World Championship\nThe 1956 FIVB Women's World Championship was the second edition of the tournament, contested by the senior women's national teams of the members of the F\u00e9d\u00e9ration Internationale de Volleyball (FIVB), the sport's global governing body. It was held from 30 August to 12 September 1956 in France.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 47], "section_span": [47, 47], "content_span": [48, 341]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073736-0001-0000", "contents": "1956 FIVB Volleyball Women's World Championship, Format\nThe tournament was played in two different stages (first and final rounds). In the First round, the 17 participants were divided in five groups (two groups of four teams and three groups of three teams). A single round-robin format was played within each group to determine the teams group position, all teams progressed to the next round.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 47], "section_span": [49, 55], "content_span": [56, 395]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073736-0002-0000", "contents": "1956 FIVB Volleyball Women's World Championship, Format\nIn the Final round, two groups were created (1st-10th and 11th-17th), teams were allocated to a group according to their First round group position (best two teams of each group going to 1st-10th and the remaining teams to 11th-17th). A single round-robin format was played within each group with matches already played between teams in the First round also counted in this round.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 47], "section_span": [49, 55], "content_span": [56, 436]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073736-0003-0000", "contents": "1956 FIVB Volleyball Women's World Championship, Results, Final round\nThe results and the points of the matches between the same teams that were already played during the first round are taken into account for the final round.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 47], "section_span": [49, 69], "content_span": [70, 226]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073737-0000-0000", "contents": "1956 Falkland Islands general election\nThe Falkland Islands general election of 1956 was held in March and April 1956 to elect members to the Legislative Council. Four out of the twelve Councillors were elected through universal suffrage, two from Stanley and one each from East Falkland and West Falkland. Owing to the remoteness of some settlements and the unpredictability of the weather on the Falkland Islands, the election took place over several days.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [38, 38], "content_span": [39, 458]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073737-0001-0000", "contents": "1956 Falkland Islands general election, Results\nCandidates in bold were elected. Candidates in italic were incumbents.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 47], "content_span": [48, 118]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073738-0000-0000", "contents": "1956 Fijian general election\nGeneral elections were held in Fiji in August 1956; voting took place in the Eastern constituencies between 11 and 18 August, and on 18 August in all other constituencies.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [28, 28], "content_span": [29, 200]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073738-0001-0000", "contents": "1956 Fijian general election, Electoral system\nThe Legislative Council consisted of 32 members, including 16 'official' members who were civil servants, fifteen 'unofficial' members (five Europeans, five Fijians and five Indo-Fijians), and the Governor sitting as President of the Council.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 46], "content_span": [47, 289]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073738-0002-0000", "contents": "1956 Fijian general election, Electoral system\nFor Europeans and Indo-Fijians, three of the five representatives were elected from single-member constituencies, with the other two appointed by the Governor. All five Fijian members were appointed from a list of ten candidates submitted by the Great Council of Chiefs.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 46], "content_span": [47, 317]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073738-0003-0000", "contents": "1956 Fijian general election, Electoral system\nVoting for Europeans remained restricted to men aged 21 or over who had been born to European parents (or a European father and was able to read, speak and write English), who were British subjects and had been continuously resident in Fiji for 12 months, and who either owned at least \u00a320 of freehold or leasehold property or had an annual income of at least \u00a3120. For Indo-Fijians, eligibility was also restricted to men aged 21 or over.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 46], "content_span": [47, 486]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073738-0003-0001", "contents": "1956 Fijian general election, Electoral system\nThey had to be a British subject or from British India, have lived continuously in the Fiji for at least two years, be able to read or write in English, Gujarati, Gurmukhi,  Hindi, Tamil, Telegu or Urdu, and for the previous six months, have either owned property with an annual value of five years, had a net annual cash income of at least \u00a375, or held a Government or municipal licence worth at least \u00a35 annually.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 46], "content_span": [47, 462]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073738-0004-0000", "contents": "1956 Fijian general election, Campaign\nThe elections were boycotted by the Muslim community in protest at not having an elected seat reserved for them. The community was instead represented by one of the two Indo-Fijian nominated members. The Fiji Muslim League requested its members not to participate in the elections in any form, whilst the Muslim Association of Fiji advised Muslims not to accept nomination to the Council.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 38], "content_span": [39, 427]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073738-0005-0000", "contents": "1956 Fijian general election, Aftermath\nFollowing the elections, Lala Sukuna was appointed as the first Speaker of the Legislative Council.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 39], "content_span": [40, 139]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073738-0006-0000", "contents": "1956 Fijian general election, Aftermath\nA. H. Sahu Khan, leader of the Muslim Association of Fiji, replaced A. R. Manu as one of the nominated Indian members in 1957. After Maurice Scott was appointed Speaker following the death of Sukuna in May 1958, a by-election was held in the European Northern and Western constituency, in which Ronald Kermode defeated Mark White by seven votes.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 39], "content_span": [40, 385]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073739-0000-0000", "contents": "1956 Finnish Cup\nThe 1956 Finnish Cup (Finnish: Suomen Cup) was the 2nd season of the main annual association football cup competition in Finland. It was organised as a single-elimination knock\u2013out tournament and participation in the competition was voluntary. The final was held at the Olympic Stadium, Helsinki on 28 October 1956 with Pallo-Pojat defeating Tampereen Kisatoverit by 2\u20131 before an attendance of 2,020 spectators.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 16], "section_span": [16, 16], "content_span": [17, 429]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073740-0000-0000", "contents": "1956 Finnish presidential election\nTwo-stage presidential elections were held in Finland in 1956. On 16 and 17 January the public elected presidential electors to an electoral college. They in turn elected the President. The result was a victory for Urho Kekkonen, who won on the third ballot over Karl-August Fagerholm. The turnout for the popular vote was 73.4%. Kekkonen had been Juho Kusti Paasikivi's heir apparent since the early 1950s, given his notable political skills for building coalitions, bargaining, risk-taking and adjusting his tactics, actions and rhetoric with regard for the prevailing political wind.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [34, 34], "content_span": [35, 621]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073740-0000-0001", "contents": "1956 Finnish presidential election\nOn the other hand, his behaviour and political tactics, including sharp-tongued speeches and writings, utilization of political opponents' weaknesses, and rather close relations with the Soviet leaders, were severely criticized by several of his political opponents. Kekkonen's colourful private life, including occasional heavy drinking and at least one extramarital affair, also provided his fierce opponents with verbal and political weapons to attack him. Several other presidential candidates were also criticized for personal issues or failures.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [34, 34], "content_span": [35, 586]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073740-0000-0002", "contents": "1956 Finnish presidential election\nDespite all the anti-Kekkonen criticism, his political party, the Agrarians, succeeded for the first time in getting the same share of the vote in the presidential elections' direct stage as in the parliamentary elections. President Paasikivi had neither publicly agreed nor refused to be a presidential candidate. He considered himself morally obliged to serve as President for a couple of more years, if many politicians urged him to do so.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [34, 34], "content_span": [35, 477]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073740-0000-0003", "contents": "1956 Finnish presidential election\nBetween the first and second ballots of the Electoral College, one National Coalitioner phoned him, asking him to become a dark-horse presidential candidate of the National Coalitioners, Swedish People's Party and People's Party (liberals). At first, Paasikivi declined, requiring the support of Social Democrats and most Agrarians. Then he moderated his position, but mistakenly believed that he would receive enough Social Democratic, Agrarian and Communist and People's Democratic electors' votes to advance to the crucial third ballot.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [34, 34], "content_span": [35, 574]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073740-0000-0004", "contents": "1956 Finnish presidential election\nThis did not happen, because all Agrarian electors remained loyal to Kekkonen, all Social Democratic electors remained loyal to Fagerholm, and the Communist and People's Democratic electors split their votes to help Fagerholm and Kekkonen advance to the third ballot. The bitterly annoyed and disappointed President Paasikivi publicly denied his last-minute presidential candidacy two days later. Kekkonen was elected President with the narrowest possible majority, 151 votes to 149.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [34, 34], "content_span": [35, 518]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073740-0000-0005", "contents": "1956 Finnish presidential election\nFor several decades, the question of who cast the decisive vote for him has been debated among Finnish politicians and some Finnish journalists (see, for example, Lauri Haataja, \"A Reconstructing Finland\" (J\u00e4lleenrakentava Suomi), pgs. 825-827, 829-831 in Seppo Zetterberg et al., eds., A Small Giant of the Finnish History / Suomen historian pikkuj\u00e4ttil\u00e4inen. Helsinki:  WSOY, 2003;  Pentti Virrankoski, A History of Finland / Suomen historia, volumes 1&2. Helsinki:  Finnish Literature Society (Suomalaisen Kirjallisuuden Seura), 2009, pg. 954;  Tuomo Polvinen, J.K. Paasikivi - A Statesman's Life Work (Valtiomiehen el\u00e4m\u00e4nty\u00f6), volume 5:  1948-1956. Helsinki:  WSOY, 2003).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [34, 34], "content_span": [35, 711]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073741-0000-0000", "contents": "1956 Five Nations Championship\nThe 1956 Five Nations Championship was the twenty-seventh series of the rugby union Five Nations Championship. Including the previous incarnations as the Home Nations and Five Nations, this was the sixty-second series of the northern hemisphere rugby union championship. Ten matches were played between 14 January and 14 April. It was contested by England, France, Ireland, Scotland and Wales.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [30, 30], "content_span": [31, 424]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073742-0000-0000", "contents": "1956 Florida A&M Rattlers football team\nThe 1956 Florida A&M Rattlers football team was an American football team that represented Florida A&M University as a member of the Southern Intercollegiate Athletic Conference (SIAC) during the 1956 NCAA College  Division football season. In their 12th season under head coach Jake Gaither, the Rattlers compiled an 8\u20131 record, won the SIAC championship, and outscored opponents by a total of 406 to 98. The team played its home games at Bragg Stadium in Tallahassee, Florida.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [39, 39], "content_span": [40, 518]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073742-0001-0000", "contents": "1956 Florida A&M Rattlers football team\nThe Rattlers' sole loss was by two points to undefeated black college national champion Tennessee A&I before a crowd of 41,808 in the Orange Blossom Classic. Florida A&M was stopped six inches from a game-winning touchdown in the final minute of the game. Willie Galimore rushed for 127 yards and three touchdowns in the game, but also fumbled three times.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [39, 39], "content_span": [40, 396]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073742-0002-0000", "contents": "1956 Florida A&M Rattlers football team\nThe team's statistical leaders included Galimore with 820 rushing yards, Dennis Jefferson with 708 passing yards, and Al Frazier with 405 receiving yards. Gallimore and Frazier each scored 16 touchdowns. Frazier tallied 116 points, a single-season team scoring record that still stands. Galimore later played seven years with the Chicago Bears and was inducted into the College Football Hall of Fame.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [39, 39], "content_span": [40, 440]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073743-0000-0000", "contents": "1956 Florida Gators football team\nThe 1956 Florida Gators football team represented the University of Florida during the  1956 NCAA University Division football season. The season was the seventh for Bob Woodruff as the head coach of the Florida Gators football team. The Gators were led by All-American tackle John Barrow, quarterback Jimmy Dunn, two-way halfbacks Joe Brodsky, Bernie Parrish, Jim Rountree and Jackie Simpson, and defensive back John Symank.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [33, 33], "content_span": [34, 459]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073743-0000-0001", "contents": "1956 Florida Gators football team\nThe highlights of the season included conference road wins over the Mississippi State Maroons (26\u20130) in Starkville, Mississippi, the Vanderbilt Commodores 21\u20137 in Nashville, Tennessee, and the LSU Tigers 21\u20136 in Baton Rouge, Louisiana, a shutout homecoming victory over the Auburn Tigers (20\u20130), and a second consecutive win over the Georgia Bulldogs (28\u20130). Woodruff's 1956 Florida Gators started a promising 6\u20131\u20131, but lost their final two games to finish 6\u20133\u20131 overall and 5\u20132 in the Southeastern Conference, placing third in the SEC among twelve teams.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [33, 33], "content_span": [34, 590]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073744-0000-0000", "contents": "1956 Florida State Seminoles football team\nThe 1956 Florida State Seminoles football team represented Florida State University in the 1956 NCAA University Division football season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 42], "section_span": [42, 42], "content_span": [43, 180]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073745-0000-0000", "contents": "1956 Florida gubernatorial election\nThe 1956 Florida gubernatorial election was held on November 6, 1956. Incumbent Democrat LeRoy Collins defeated Republican nominee William A. Washburne Jr. with 73.69% of the vote.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [35, 35], "content_span": [36, 216]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073746-0000-0000", "contents": "1956 Football Championship of the Ukrainian SSR\nThe 1956 Football Championship of UkrSSR were part of the 1956 Soviet republican football competitions in the Soviet Ukraine.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 47], "section_span": [47, 47], "content_span": [48, 173]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073747-0000-0000", "contents": "1956 Formula One season\nThe 1956 Formula One season was the tenth season of FIA's Formula One motor racing. It featured the seventh World Championship of Drivers  as well as numerous non-championship races. The championship series commenced on 22 January 1956 and ended on 2 September after eight races. Juan Manuel Fangio won his third consecutive title, the fourth of his career. Until the 2006 season, this was the last season during which no British constructor won any championship race.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [23, 23], "content_span": [24, 492]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073747-0001-0000", "contents": "1956 Formula One season, Season summary\nFangio joined Ferrari after Mercedes-Benz, with whom he had won the 1954 and 1955 titles, withdrew from the sport. Ferrari acquired the folded Lancia team's D50 cars and put together a strong team containing Fangio, Eugenio Castellotti, Luigi Musso and Peter Collins. Fangio won the opening race after commandeering Musso's car after his own car had broken down. Collins and Fangio's teammate at Mercedes, Stirling Moss \u2013 now driving for Maserati provided the biggest challenge to his title defence, each winning two races. In an open season, the British Connaughts, Vanwalls and BRMs also showed some signs of promise.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 39], "content_span": [40, 659]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073747-0002-0000", "contents": "1956 Formula One season, Season summary\nGoing into the final race of the season, Fangio had an eight-point lead over Collins and the consistent Jean Behra, driving for Maserati. The only way he could lose the title would be to score no points with Collins winning and setting fastest lap. (Because a driver could only count their best five scores, Behra could not win the title.) Fangio retired, and with Musso unwilling to share his car with Fangio, Collins had a great chance of winning his first title. Collins, in a remarkable act of sportsmanship, instead chose to hand his car over to Fangio to allow the Argentine to finish second in the race and win his third title in a row.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 39], "content_span": [40, 683]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073747-0003-0000", "contents": "1956 Formula One season, Season review\nThe following races counted towards the 1956 World Championship of Drivers:", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 38], "content_span": [39, 114]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073747-0004-0000", "contents": "1956 Formula One season, Season review\nThe Suez crisis was a contributing factor in Formula One in 1956. The Dutch and Spanish Grands Prix were affected by this crisis, and the oil prices were too high for the teams and drivers, so the two races that were originally supposed to be held at Zandvoort and Pedralbes were cancelled. The Indianapolis 500 was USAC-sanctioned so not run to Formula One specifications, and also counted towards the 1956 USAC Championship title.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 38], "content_span": [39, 471]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073747-0005-0000", "contents": "1956 Formula One season, Teams and drivers\nThe following teams and drivers competed in the 1956 FIA World Championship.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 42], "content_span": [43, 119]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073747-0006-0000", "contents": "1956 Formula One season, Teams and drivers\nThe above list does not include competitors in the 1956 Indianapolis 500.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 42], "content_span": [43, 116]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073747-0007-0000", "contents": "1956 Formula One season, World Championship of Drivers standings\nChampionship points were awarded at each race on an 8\u20136\u20134\u20133\u20132 basis to the first five finishers, with an additional point awarded to the driver setting the fastest lap of the race. Points for shared drives were divided equally between the drivers, regardless of who had driven more laps. Only the best five round results were counted.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 64], "content_span": [65, 399]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073747-0008-0000", "contents": "1956 Formula One season, Non-championship races\nThe following non-championship races for Formula One cars were also held in 1956:", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 47], "content_span": [48, 129]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073748-0000-0000", "contents": "1956 French Championships (tennis)\nThe 1956 French Championships (now known as the French Open) was a tennis tournament that took place on the outdoor clay courts at the Stade Roland-Garros in Paris, France. The tournament ran from 15 May until 26 May. It was the 60th staging of the French Championships, and the second Grand Slam tennis event of 1956. Lew Hoad and Althea Gibson won the singles titles.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [34, 34], "content_span": [35, 404]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073748-0001-0000", "contents": "1956 French Championships (tennis), Finals, Men's Doubles\nDon Candy /  Robert Perry  defeated  Ashley Cooper /  Lew Hoad  7\u20135, 6\u20133, 6\u20133", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [36, 57], "content_span": [58, 135]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073748-0002-0000", "contents": "1956 French Championships (tennis), Finals, Women's Doubles\nAngela Buxton /  Althea Gibson defeated  Darlene Hard /  Dorothy Head Knode 6\u20138, 8\u20136, 6\u20131", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [36, 59], "content_span": [60, 149]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073748-0003-0000", "contents": "1956 French Championships (tennis), Finals, Mixed Doubles\nThelma Coyne Long /  Luis Ayala defeated  Darlene Hard /  Bob Howe  4\u20136, 6\u20134, 6\u20131", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [36, 57], "content_span": [58, 139]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073749-0000-0000", "contents": "1956 French Championships \u2013 Men's Doubles\nThe 1956 French Championships \u2013 Men's Doubles was one of the competitions of the 1956 French Championships, a tennis tournament held at the Stade Roland-Garros in Paris, France  from 15 May until 26 May 1956. The matches were played in a best-of-five sets format. Don Candy and  Bob Perry defeated Ashley Cooper and  Lew Hoad 7\u20135, 6\u20133, 6\u20133 in the final to win the title. The winning teams received 25,000 French franc per player with the runner-up players earning 12,000 Fr and the four losing semifinalists receiving 6,000 Fr each.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 41], "section_span": [41, 41], "content_span": [42, 574]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073750-0000-0000", "contents": "1956 French Championships \u2013 Men's Singles\nFirst-seeded Lew Hoad defeated Sven Davidson 6\u20134, 8\u20136, 6\u20133 in the final to win the Men's Singles tennis title at the 1956 French Championships.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 41], "section_span": [41, 41], "content_span": [42, 185]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073750-0001-0000", "contents": "1956 French Championships \u2013 Men's Singles, Seeds\nThe seeded players are listed below. Lew Hoad is the champion; others show the round in which they were eliminated.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 41], "section_span": [43, 48], "content_span": [49, 164]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073751-0000-0000", "contents": "1956 French Championships \u2013 Women's Singles\nThird-seeded Althea Gibson defeated Angela Mortimer 6\u20130, 12\u201310 in the final to win the Women's Singles tennis title at the 1956 French Championships. With this win Gibson became the first African-American, woman or man, to win a Grand Slam Championship.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 43], "section_span": [43, 43], "content_span": [44, 297]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073751-0001-0000", "contents": "1956 French Championships \u2013 Women's Singles, Seeds\nThe seeded players are listed below. Althea Gibson is the champion; others show the round in which they were eliminated.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 43], "section_span": [45, 50], "content_span": [51, 171]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073752-0000-0000", "contents": "1956 French Grand Prix\nThe 1956 French Grand Prix was a Formula One motor race held on 1 July 1956 at Reims. It was race 5 of 8 in the 1956 World Championship of Drivers.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [22, 22], "content_span": [23, 170]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073752-0001-0000", "contents": "1956 French Grand Prix\nBugatti made a one-off appearance in this race with their Type 251 driven by Maurice Trintignant. The car proved to be uncompetitive and he retired after 18 laps.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [22, 22], "content_span": [23, 185]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073753-0000-0000", "contents": "1956 French Sudan by-election\nA by-elections to the French National Assembly was held in French Sudan on 8 July 1956 following the death of Mamadou Konat\u00e9 of the Sudanese Union \u2013 African Democratic Rally (US\u2212RDA), one of the territory's four MPs. US\u2212RDA candidate Bar\u00e9ma Bocoum was elected.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [29, 29], "content_span": [30, 290]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073754-0000-0000", "contents": "1956 French Togoland autonomy referendum\nA referendum on autonomy was held in French Togoland on 28 October 1956. Since World War I the territory had been a League of Nations mandate, then a United Nations Trust Territory under French control. The referendum offered residents the choice of remaining a Trust Territory or becoming an autonomous region within the French Union. The result being 93% in favour of the latter, with a 77.3% turnout. However, the referendum was rejected by the United Nations General Assembly as it had not included the option of independence and opted to continue with the trusteeship. In neighbouring British Togoland, a referendum earlier in the year had resulted in the territory becoming part of Ghana.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [40, 40], "content_span": [41, 735]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073755-0000-0000", "contents": "1956 French legislative election\nFrench legislative elections to elect the third National Assembly of the Fourth Republic took place on 2 January 1956 using party-list proportional representation. The elections had been scheduled for June 1956; however, they were brought forward by Edgar Faure using a constitutional sanction.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [32, 32], "content_span": [33, 327]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073755-0001-0000", "contents": "1956 French legislative election\nThe previous legislative elections in 1951 had been won by the Third Force, a coalition of center-left and center-right parties, but it was divided about denominational schools question and, when faced with the colonial problem, the governments had gradually moved towards the right. A part of the Rally of the French People (RPF), the Gaullist party, joined the majority in opposing the leadership of Charles de Gaulle, who then retired.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [32, 32], "content_span": [33, 471]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073755-0002-0000", "contents": "1956 French legislative election\nThe defeat in the Battle of Dien Bien Phu in May 1954 caused a political crisis. The Radical Pierre Mend\u00e8s-France became leader of the cabinet and ended the First Indochina War. He also began the process of independence for Morocco and Tunisia, but from November 1954 on, France was confronted by the Algerian War. In February 1955, Mend\u00e8s-France was replaced, at the head of the cabinet, by his rival in the Radical Party, Edgar Faure. This one led a more repressive policy in Algeria.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [32, 32], "content_span": [33, 519]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073755-0003-0000", "contents": "1956 French legislative election\nThe far-right, led by Pierre Poujade, re-appeared at about the same time. He was a critic of \"fiscalism\", and leader of a shopkeepers and craftsmen's movement. Many voters seemed tired of the political system's numerous ministerial crises, and he had much support in the rural areas, which were in decline.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [32, 32], "content_span": [33, 339]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073755-0004-0000", "contents": "1956 French legislative election\nThe anticipated legislative elections took place when Faure was defeated by the National Assembly. Even though the French Communist Party re-emerged as the country's most popular party (for the last time in its history), it did not join the government. A coalition was formed behind Mend\u00e8s-France and advocated a peaceful resolution of the Algerian conflict.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [32, 32], "content_span": [33, 391]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073755-0004-0001", "contents": "1956 French legislative election\nThis Republican Front was composed of the French Section of the Workers' International (SFIO, socialist party) of Guy Mollet, the Radical Party of Pierre Mend\u00e8s-France, the Democratic and Socialist Union of the Resistance of Fran\u00e7ois Mitterrand and the National Centre of Social Republicans of Jacques Chaban-Delmas. Faure was excluded from the Radical Party \u2013 in response he transformed the Rally of the Republican Lefts (which had been abandoned by those groups which had now joined the Republican Front) into a party that he led, and he campaigned with the center-right parties. The French Communist Party remained the largest party and the Republican Front obtained a relative majority in order to end the Algerian War.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [32, 32], "content_span": [33, 756]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073755-0005-0000", "contents": "1956 French legislative election\nThe Poujadists won 52 seats versus predictions of six to eight, and the press stated that they held the balance of power. Media reception was mixed, with the result welcomed by communist supporters and condemned by papers such as The Times, Le Figaro, and The Saturday Evening Post.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [32, 32], "content_span": [33, 315]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073755-0006-0000", "contents": "1956 French legislative election\nThe coalition cabinet was led by the Socialist leader Guy Mollet. At the beginning he was also supported by the Communists, but pressure from the pieds-noir in Algeria incited him into leading a very repressive policy against the Algerian nationalists. This policy was criticized by Vice-Prime Minister Mend\u00e8s-France and other members of the cabinet, who resigned, thus splitting the Republican Front. Mollet and his successors floundered in the conflict until May 1958.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [32, 32], "content_span": [33, 503]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073756-0000-0000", "contents": "1956 French legislative election in Cameroon\nElections to the French National Assembly were held in French Cameroons on 2 January 1956.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [44, 44], "content_span": [45, 135]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073756-0001-0000", "contents": "1956 French legislative election in Cameroon, Electoral system\nThe four seats allocated to the constituency were elected on two separate electoral rolls; French citizens elected one MP from the first college, whilst non-citizens elected three MPs in the second college.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [46, 62], "content_span": [63, 269]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073757-0000-0000", "contents": "1956 French legislative election in Chad\u2013Ubangi-Shari\nElections to the French National Assembly were held in Chad and Ubangi-Shari on 2 January 1956. The territories elected four seats to the Assembly via two electoral colleges; the first college spanned both territories and elected one seat, whilst Chad elected two seats via the second college and Ubangi-Shari one. Ren\u00e9 Malbrant was re-elected from the first college and Barth\u00e9l\u00e9my Boganda from the second college in Ubangi-Shari. In the second college in Chad the Chadian Union and Chadian Social Action won one seat each, taken by Gabriel Lisette and Arabi el Goni respectively.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 53], "section_span": [53, 53], "content_span": [54, 634]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073757-0001-0000", "contents": "1956 French legislative election in Chad\u2013Ubangi-Shari, Campaign\nThe Chadian Union alliance was formed by the Chadian Progressive Party, the Independent Socialist Party of Chad, the Democratic and Socialist Union of the Resistance and the Radical Socialist Party to contest the second college seat in Chad, nominating Gabriel Lisette and Djeraki Za\u00efd as its candidates.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 53], "section_span": [55, 63], "content_span": [64, 368]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073758-0000-0000", "contents": "1956 French legislative election in Dahomey\nElections to the French National Assembly were held in French Dahomey on 2 January 1956. The territory elected two seats to the Assembly, which were won by Sourou-Migan Apithy of the Republican Party of Dahomey and Hubert Maga of the Ethnic Group of the North. Voter turnout was 47.4%.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 43], "section_span": [43, 43], "content_span": [44, 329]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073759-0000-0000", "contents": "1956 French legislative election in French Somaliland\nThis is the current revision of this page, as edited by Number 57 (talk | contribs) at 20:34, 9 September 2020 (Results). The present address (URL) is a permanent link to this version.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 53], "section_span": [53, 53], "content_span": [54, 238]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073759-0001-0000", "contents": "1956 French legislative election in French Somaliland\nElections to the French National Assembly were held in French Somaliland on 2 January 1956 as part of the wider French parliamentary elections. Harbi Farah Mahamoud was elected as the territory's MP.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 53], "section_span": [53, 53], "content_span": [54, 253]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073760-0000-0000", "contents": "1956 French legislative election in French Sudan\nElections to the French National Assembly were held in French Sudan on 2 January 1956 as part of the wider French parliamentary elections. Four members were elected, with the Sudanese Progressive Party (PSS) and the Sudanese Union \u2013 African Democratic Rally (US\u2013RDA) winning two each. Mamadou Konat\u00e9 and Modibo Ke\u00efta were elected on the US\u2013RDA list, whilst Fily Dabo Sissoko and Hamadoun Dicko were elected for the PSS.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 48], "section_span": [48, 48], "content_span": [49, 468]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073761-0000-0000", "contents": "1956 French legislative election in Gabon\u2013Moyen Congo\nElections to the French National Assembly were held in Gabon and French Congo on 2 January 1956.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 53], "section_span": [53, 53], "content_span": [54, 150]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073762-0000-0000", "contents": "1956 French legislative election in Guinea\nElections to the French National Assembly were held Guinea on 2 January 1956, as part of the wider French elections. The Democratic Party of Guinea \u2013 African Democratic Rally won two of the three seats (taken by Ahmed S\u00e9kou Tour\u00e9 and Saifoulaye Diallo) with the African Bloc of Guinea winning the other seat (Barry Diawadou).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 42], "section_span": [42, 42], "content_span": [43, 368]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073763-0000-0000", "contents": "1956 French legislative election in Ivory Coast\nElections to the French National Assembly were held in Ivory Coast on 2 January 1956 as part of the wider parliamentary elections. The African Democratic Rally won both seats, which were taken by F\u00e9lix Houphou\u00ebt-Boigny and Daniel Ouezzin Coulibaly.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 47], "section_span": [47, 47], "content_span": [48, 296]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073764-0000-0000", "contents": "1956 French legislative election in Mauritania\nElections to the French National Assembly were held in Mauritania on 2 January 1956. Mauritania had one seat in the Assembly, which was won by Sidi el-Mokhtar N'Diaye, a member of the Mauritanian Progressive Union.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 46], "section_span": [46, 46], "content_span": [47, 261]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073765-0000-0000", "contents": "1956 French legislative election in Niger\nElections to the French National Assembly were held in Niger on 2 January 1956 as part of the wider French elections. The Nigerien Progressive Party (PPN) and the Nigerien Action Bloc\u2212Nigerien Progressive Union (BNA\u2212UPN) alliance won one seat each. Georges Condat took the BNA\u2212UPN seat, whilst Hamani Diori took the PPN seat.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 41], "section_span": [41, 41], "content_span": [42, 367]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073765-0001-0000", "contents": "1956 French legislative election in Niger, Campaign\nThe Independent List included Fran\u00e7ois Borrey, who had unsuccessfully contested the November 1946 elections, and Dabo Aboudakar.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 41], "section_span": [43, 51], "content_span": [52, 180]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073766-0000-0000", "contents": "1956 French legislative election in Senegal\nElections to the French National Assembly were held in Senegal on 2 January 1956 as part of the wider French elections. Two members were elected from the territory, both of which were won by the Senegalese Democratic Bloc. Mamadou Dia and L\u00e9opold S\u00e9dar Senghor were the two elected members.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 43], "section_span": [43, 43], "content_span": [44, 334]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073767-0000-0000", "contents": "1956 French legislative election in Togo\nElections to the French National Assembly were held in French Togoland on 2 January 1956 as part of the wider French elections. Nicolas Grunitzky of the Togolese Party of Progress was elected unopposed.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [40, 40], "content_span": [41, 243]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073768-0000-0000", "contents": "1956 French legislative election in Upper Volta\nElections to the French National Assembly were held in Upper Volta on 2 January 1956, as part of the wider French elections. The results saw G\u00e9rard Kango Ou\u00e9draogo (Progressive Voltaic), Nazi Boni (African Popular Movement), Joseph Conombo and Henri Guissou (Social Party for the Emancipation of the African Masses) elected.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 47], "section_span": [47, 47], "content_span": [48, 372]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073769-0000-0000", "contents": "1956 French legislative election in the Comoros\nElections to the French National Assembly were held in the Comoros on 17 June 1951. The territory elected a single seat, won by Sa\u00efd Mohamed Cheikh.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 47], "section_span": [47, 47], "content_span": [48, 196]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073770-0000-0000", "contents": "1956 Fresno State Bulldogs football team\nThe 1956 Fresno State Bulldogs football team represented Fresno State College during the 1956 NCAA College Division football season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [40, 40], "content_span": [41, 173]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073770-0001-0000", "contents": "1956 Fresno State Bulldogs football team\nThe team was led by fifth-year head coach Clark Van Galder and played home games at Ratcliffe Stadium on the campus of Fresno City College in Fresno, California. They finished the season with the best record in the CCAA, but no champion was named. The team had a record of eight wins and two losses (8\u20132, 2\u20130 CCAA).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [40, 40], "content_span": [41, 356]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073770-0002-0000", "contents": "1956 Fresno State Bulldogs football team, Team players in the NFL/AFL\nThe following finished their college career in 1956, were not drafted, but played in the AFL (prior to the merge with the NFL).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [42, 69], "content_span": [70, 197]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073771-0000-0000", "contents": "1956 Gainsborough by-election\nThe Gainsborough by-election was held on 14 February 1956. It was held due to the elevation of the incumbent Conservative MP, Harry Crookshank to a hereditary peerage. It was won by the Conservative candidate Marcus Kimball. The Liberals polled over 20% of the vote having not fielded a candidate in 1955. After the by-election Kimball was Baby of the House.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [29, 29], "content_span": [30, 388]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073772-0000-0000", "contents": "1956 Gator Bowl\nThe 1956 Gator Bowl was an American college football bowl game played on December 29, 1956, at Gator Bowl Stadium in Jacksonville, Florida. The game pitted the Georgia Tech Yellow Jackets and the Pittsburgh Panthers.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 15], "section_span": [15, 15], "content_span": [16, 232]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073772-0001-0000", "contents": "1956 Gator Bowl, Background\nThe Panthers began the season ranked #10, along with victories over West Virginia and #7 Syracuse. However, they fell to California 14-0. After victories over Duke and Oregon that made them ranked at #11, they lost to #8 Minnesota, which made them fall to #20. They went 3-0-1 in their final four games, beating Notre Dame, Army, and #6 Miami, while tying Penn State. This was their second straight bowl game.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 15], "section_span": [17, 27], "content_span": [28, 437]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073772-0002-0000", "contents": "1956 Gator Bowl, Background\nGeorgia Tech began the season ranked #4, and they started the season with six straight victories, rising to #2 heading into a faceoff with #3 Tennessee, but they lost 6-0. Victoires over Alabama, #13 Florida and Georgia gave them nine victories and an invite to a bowl game for the sixth straight year.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 15], "section_span": [17, 27], "content_span": [28, 330]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073772-0003-0000", "contents": "1956 Gator Bowl, Game summary\nCorny Salvaterra went 3-of-10 for 67 yards, with 16 rushes for 36 yards for Pittsburgh. Pittsburgh had more rushing yards (246 to 162), more passing yards (67 to 45), first downs (16 to 10), but also more turnovers (4 to 1) than Georgia Tech.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 15], "section_span": [17, 29], "content_span": [30, 272]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073772-0004-0000", "contents": "1956 Gator Bowl, Aftermath\nGeorgia Tech did not return to a bowl game until 1960, which was also in the Gator Bowl.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 15], "section_span": [17, 26], "content_span": [27, 115]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073772-0005-0000", "contents": "1956 Gator Bowl, Aftermath\nAs for Pittsburgh, they did not return to a bowl game again until 1973, nor return to the Gator Bowl until 1977.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 15], "section_span": [17, 26], "content_span": [27, 139]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073773-0000-0000", "contents": "1956 Gauhati by-election\nIn 1956, a bye-election was held in for the Gauhati constituency of the Lok Sabha of the Indian parliament from state of Assam. The election was won by the INC candidate Devendra Nath Sarma with 45057 votes, against  Hem Barua of Praja Socialist Party with 29112 votes.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [24, 24], "content_span": [25, 294]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073774-0000-0000", "contents": "1956 Gent\u2013Wevelgem\nThe 1956 Gent\u2013Wevelgem was the 18th edition of the Gent\u2013Wevelgem cycle race and was held on 25 March 1956. The race started in Ghent and finished in Wevelgem. The race was won by Rik Van Looy.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 18], "section_span": [18, 18], "content_span": [19, 211]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073775-0000-0000", "contents": "1956 George Washington Colonials football team\nThe 1956 George Washington Colonials football team was an American football team that represented George Washington University as an independent during the 1956 NCAA University Division football season. In its fifth season under head coach Bo Sherman, the team compiled an 8\u20131\u20131 record (5\u20131 against conference records), finished third in the Southern Conference (SoCon), and was outscored by a total of 171 to 81.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 46], "section_span": [46, 46], "content_span": [47, 460]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073775-0001-0000", "contents": "1956 George Washington Colonials football team\nThe team's statistical leaders included Ray Looney with 262 passing yards, Pete Spera with 345 rushing yards, and Paul Thompson with 156 receiving yards.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 46], "section_span": [46, 46], "content_span": [47, 200]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073776-0000-0000", "contents": "1956 Georgia Bulldogs football team\nThe 1956 Georgia Bulldogs football team represented the Georgia Bulldogs of the University of Georgia during the 1956 NCAA University Division football season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [35, 35], "content_span": [36, 195]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073777-0000-0000", "contents": "1956 Georgia Tech Yellow Jackets football team\nThe 1956 Georgia Tech Yellow Jackets football team represented the Georgia Institute of Technology during the 1956 NCAA University Division football season. The Yellow Jackets were led by 12th-year head coach Bobby Dodd and played their home games at Grant Field in Atlanta.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 46], "section_span": [46, 46], "content_span": [47, 321]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073777-0001-0000", "contents": "1956 Georgia Tech Yellow Jackets football team\nGeorgia Tech was the preseason favorite to win the Southeastern Conference, but their hopes of reaching the Sugar Bowl were crushed when the Johnny Majors-led Tennessee Volunteers beat the Yellow Jackets in Atlanta, 0\u20136. Georgia Tech cruised through the rest of their schedule and finished the regular season with the Tennessee game as their only blemish, finishing second in the SEC and ranked number 4 in the country in the final AP Poll. They accepted an invitation to the 1956 Gator Bowl, where they beat Pittsburgh, in a rematch of the 1956 Sugar Bowl, 21\u201314. This was the sixth straight season for Georgia Tech that ended with a bowl victory. The team was selected national champion by both Berryman and Sagarin (ELO-Chess).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 46], "section_span": [46, 46], "content_span": [47, 777]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073778-0000-0000", "contents": "1956 Georgian demonstrations\nThe March 1956 demonstrations (also known as the 1956 Tbilisi riots or 9 March massacre) in the Georgian SSR were a series of protests against Nikita Khrushchev's de-Stalinization policy, which shocked Georgian supporters of Marxist\u2013Leninist ideology. The center of the protests was the republic's capital, Tbilisi, where spontaneous rallies to mark the third anniversary of Stalin's death and to protest Khrushchev's denunciation of Stalin quickly evolved into an uncontrollable mass demonstration and rioting which paralyzed the city. Soon, political demands such as the change of the central government in Moscow and calls for the independence of Georgia from the Soviet Union appeared.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [28, 28], "content_span": [29, 718]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073778-0001-0000", "contents": "1956 Georgian demonstrations\nThe local Georgian authorities, confused and demoralized, passed on the responsibility to the Soviet military. Later on 9 March the troops deployed in the city opened fire upon the students picketing the government buildings in what the official Soviet version held was \"an act of self-defense\". The agitated crowds continued resistance on 10 March but were eventually dispersed by tanks. Estimates of the number of casualties range from several dozens to several hundred.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [28, 28], "content_span": [29, 501]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073778-0002-0000", "contents": "1956 Georgian demonstrations\nIn spite of prompt pacification, the 1956 events marked a turning point after which Georgian loyalty to the Soviet Union was gravely compromised and the nation's consolidation intensified. In the view of the historian Ronald Grigor Suny, \"the swift and brutal response from the Soviet government illustrated starkly its inability to resolve the dilemma of how much of the Soviet system to change and how much of Stalin's authoritarianism to preserve. The government\u2019s confusion in Tbilisi was a bloody sign that reform was to be limited by the party's determination to preserve its essential monopoly of power.\"", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [28, 28], "content_span": [29, 640]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073778-0003-0000", "contents": "1956 Georgian demonstrations, Background, Khrushchev's speech\nOn 25 February 1956, at a closed session of the 20th Congress of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union, the Soviet leader Nikita Khrushchev delivered a \"secret speech\" in which he criticized actions taken by the Stalin regime, particularly the purges of the military and the upper Party echelons, and the development of Stalin's cult of personality, while maintaining support for other ideals of Communism by invoking Vladimir Lenin.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 61], "content_span": [62, 497]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073778-0004-0000", "contents": "1956 Georgian demonstrations, Background, Khrushchev's speech\nRumors that \"Vozhd\" (the Leader) and \"the Father of the Nations\", who had been established as the principal symbol in early Soviet communism, had been denounced by his successor quickly spread throughout the Soviet Union. Although the details were unknown, it came as a real shock to the Soviet society.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 61], "content_span": [62, 365]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073778-0005-0000", "contents": "1956 Georgian demonstrations, Background, Reaction in Georgia\nIn spite of party's restriction of Georgian nationalism, Khrushchev's policy of de-Stalinization was, paradoxically, a blow to Georgian national pride. The younger generation of the Georgians, not fully acquainted with the darker side of Stalin's rule and bred on the panegyrics and permanent praise of the \"genius\" of Stalin, was proud to consider him being a Georgian that ruled over great Russia, and, as believed widely, dominated the world. Now, Stalin's denigration was seen as a symbol for the mistreatment of Georgian national consciousness at the hands of the Russian/Soviet rulers.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 61], "content_span": [62, 653]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073778-0006-0000", "contents": "1956 Georgian demonstrations, Background, Reaction in Georgia\nPatriotic sentiment mixed with political protest was further inflamed by the sarcastic and bitter manner in which Khrushchev ascribed all horrors of the era to the \"genial\" leader Stalin, whom, as he ironically put it, the Georgians so much enjoyed calling \"the great son of the Georgian nation\". Eduard Shevardnadze, then a Komsomol leader in Kutaisi and eventually to become President of post-Soviet Georgia, later recalled that Khrushchev's ironic remark on Georgians at the end of his speech was particularly hurtful to the pride of Georgian youth.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 61], "content_span": [62, 614]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073778-0007-0000", "contents": "1956 Georgian demonstrations, Background, Reaction in Georgia\nThe painful reaction caused by de-Stalinization in Georgia has been variously interpreted. It has been seen by many as a revival of Stalinism and by others as the first open expression of Georgian nationalism since the abortive revolt in 1924. Sergei Arutiunov of the Russian Academy of Sciences relates:", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 61], "content_span": [62, 366]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073778-0008-0000", "contents": "1956 Georgian demonstrations, Background, Reaction in Georgia\nThe shift of loyalty demanded of them at that moment was too enormous to execute easily. For people with a Transcaucasian background, Khrushchev\u2019s speech was by no means a revelation. But many Georgians reacted in a rather peculiar way. Consider the peasants in Kardenakhi, the native village of my grandfather, and in many other villages from whom I had learnt the truth about the GULAGs already in the early 1940s. These people never referred to Stalin in other terms than as the \"moustached one\", or more explicitly, \"that moustached beast\" (es ulvashiani mkhetsi) even in a circle of trusted people.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 61], "content_span": [62, 665]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073778-0008-0001", "contents": "1956 Georgian demonstrations, Background, Reaction in Georgia\nNow, they promptly displayed portraits of Stalin on the windshields of their tractors and lorries\u2026 This was a surprising diametrical shift. However, while among Russians, it was a shift from one sort of conformity to another conformity, in Georgia the shift was from one non-conformist behavior to another kind of non-conformist behavior\".", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 61], "content_span": [62, 401]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073778-0009-0000", "contents": "1956 Georgian demonstrations, Background, Reaction in Georgia\nThe events in Georgia passed largely unreported in the Soviet press and became a taboo theme for several decades to come. What happened can be reconstructed on the analysis of several, though frequently conflicting, contemporary reports, eyewitnesses' accounts and a few surviving secret Soviet documents.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 61], "content_span": [62, 367]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073778-0010-0000", "contents": "1956 Georgian demonstrations, Demonstrations\nAccording to the special report of Vladimir Janjgava, Georgian SSR Minister of Internal Affairs, the unrest began on 4 March 1956, when groups of students gathered to mark the third anniversary of Stalin's death at the Stalin monument at the Kura embankment in downtown Tbilisi. Indignant at Khrushchev's speech, they were aggressive towards the policemen who had thrown a cordon around the area. Georgian communist Parastishvili climbed the Stalin monument, drank some wine from a bottle, smashed the bottle and said: \"Let Stalin's enemies die, like this bottle! \".", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 44], "content_span": [45, 611]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073778-0011-0000", "contents": "1956 Georgian demonstrations, Demonstrations\nThe demonstration gradually grew large, attracting more and more people, who were bringing memorial wreaths to the Stalin monument. The confused local authorities did not actively oppose these activities. The demonstrations in the capital triggered similar protests in other parts of the republic such as Gori, Kutaisi, Rustavi, Sukhumi, and Batumi.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 44], "content_span": [45, 394]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073778-0012-0000", "contents": "1956 Georgian demonstrations, Demonstrations\nBy 6 March the demonstrations in Tbilisi had become more organized and more numerous. That day a closed letter of the CPSU Central Committee, \"On the Cult of Personality\", a summary of the speech that the General Secretary read on the final day of the Party Congress held last February, was read loud at a special session attended by the Georgian ministers and the local media. News about the surprise session of the Georgian SSR's Ministers Council quickly spread throughout Tbilisi and the situation escalated.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 44], "content_span": [45, 557]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073778-0013-0000", "contents": "1956 Georgian demonstrations, Demonstrations\nEarly on 7 March the students of Tbilisi State University went out onto the streets instead of attending classes, where they were joined by students from other institutes and schoolchildren. The demonstrators went down the main Tbilisi thoroughfare, Rustaveli Avenue, to Lenin Square, stopping at the House of Government and then at the City Hall, chanting the slogan \"Long Live Great Stalin! Long Live the Party of Lenin and Stalin! Long Live Soviet Georgia! \", accompanied by the cacophony of car sirens and horns. Having overcome the police resistance, the protesters gathered anew at the Stalin monument.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 44], "content_span": [45, 653]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073778-0014-0000", "contents": "1956 Georgian demonstrations, Demonstrations\nProtesters worked out their demands to authorities: an official holiday day on 18 December (Stalin's birthday), publishing of articles devoted to Stalin's life in all local newspapers, showing of films The Fall of Berlin and The Unforgettable Year 1919 by Mikheil Chiaureli (both films were typical cinematic pieces of Stalin's cult of personality) in cinemas and invitation of the Chinese marshal Zhu De, who was at that time visiting Georgia, to the meeting. By the end of day, the number of demonstrators reached 70,000. The central Soviet Ministry of Internal Affairs initially underestimated the scale of the protests, and the information based on the minister Janjghava reached the Central Committee later on 8 March.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 44], "content_span": [45, 768]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073778-0015-0000", "contents": "1956 Georgian demonstrations, Demonstrations\nBy that time, the city had become paralyzed. The meetings were simultaneously held in several places, especially in Lenin Square and at the wreath-covered Stalin monument. The central streets were full of the demonstrators who loudly denounced Khrushchev, demanded that Stalin be rehabilitated and that his anniversary be allowed, and specifically asked Vyacheslav Molotov to defend Stalin's name. Barricades were raised, buses and cars overturned. The crowd directed traffic and in several cases even stopped it. Several clashes broke out with the drivers who resisted and with the police. When several activists were arrested, the demonstrations grew even more massive and the crowd became more aggressive. The Georgian first secretary, Vasil Mzhavanadze, addressed the protesters and the visiting Chinese marshal Zhu De greeted the crowd, but he refused to visit the Stalin monument and the demonstrations did not disperse.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 44], "content_span": [45, 971]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073778-0016-0000", "contents": "1956 Georgian demonstrations, Demonstrations\nAs the demonstrations continued, the local government began to lose control over the situation. Paralyzed by the scale of the protests and the demonstrators' appeal to Georgian patriotism and manifested communist loyalties, the police reacted more and more sluggishly. Early on 9 March the authorities tried to defuse the tensions and allowed the celebration of the anniversary to be held. But the belated attempts at concession did not yield any result. Later that day, at the meeting near the Stalin monument, political demands were read aloud in the presence of several party officials.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 44], "content_span": [45, 634]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073778-0017-0000", "contents": "1956 Georgian demonstrations, Demonstrations\nAccording to the controversial testimony of Ruben Kipiani, later tried as an author of this petition, the demands were: first, return of the \"closed letter\" on Stalin to the CPSU Central Committee; second, removal of Anastas Mikoyan, Nikolai Bulganin, and Nikita Khrushchev from both party and government positions; third, creation of a new government; fourth, release of the Azerbaijan SSR first secretary Mir Jafar Baghirov from prison; fifth, promotion of the Soviet Georgian officials Akaki Mgeladze and Mzhavandze to the Central Committee Presidium; sixth, appointment of Stalin's son Vasily to the Central Committee; seven, institution of an amnesty. It was decided to send approximately ten persons to the nearby Communications Building in Rustaveli Avenue in order to send a telegram to Moscow.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 44], "content_span": [45, 847]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073778-0018-0000", "contents": "1956 Georgian demonstrations, Demonstrations\nA parallel rally at Kolmeurneobis Square grew increasingly anti-Soviet. People were singing the long-suppressed anthem \"Dideba\" and waving flags of pre-Soviet Georgia. When some persons in civilian dress interfered, fighting broke out. Leaflets appeared next. According to the eyewitness and Georgian-Jewish author Faina Baazova (daughter of David Baazov), the leaflets called for the secession of Georgia from the Soviet Union, a demand not heard previously.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 44], "content_span": [45, 504]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073778-0019-0000", "contents": "1956 Georgian demonstrations, Demonstrations\nThe events that followed are less clear. Later that day, the decision to bring troops of the Transcaucasian Military District, then commanded by Col. Gen. Ivan Fedyuninsky, into the matter was made in Moscow. The predominantly Georgian units stationed in the area were not deployed because of suspected unreliability, however. The Soviet Interior Ministry officials reported that Tbilisi had gone out of control. They claimed that the demonstrators, many of whom were allegedly drunk and armed, were pillaging the city, contemplated the pogroms of ethnic Russians and Armenians, and planned to seize the government buildings.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 44], "content_span": [45, 670]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073778-0020-0000", "contents": "1956 Georgian demonstrations, Demonstrations\nThe same evening, the authorities broadcast though radio an appeal calling the rallies to cease and announced that the commander of Tbilisi garrison, Major General Gladkov, was introducing a curfew beginning at midnight on 10 March. Many protesters sensed an approaching threat and began to leave the city center. Close to midnight, however, people learned that the delegation sent into the Communications Building had been detained, ostensibly for verification of identity. The crowd rushed to rescue the delegates and a clash with the soldiers guarding the building ensued.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 44], "content_span": [45, 620]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073778-0020-0001", "contents": "1956 Georgian demonstrations, Demonstrations\nThe troops started firing into the crowd to prevent the protesters from storming the building. Simultaneously, tanks moved to oust the demonstrators from Lenin Square and at the Stalin monument. The protesters tried to resume rallies on 10 March, but they were again dispersed by the troops. Several dozens, if not hundreds, died in this crackdown. As no official report exists, various estimates put the number of casualties from 106 to 800. Hundreds were wounded and injured. Over 200 were arrested in the ensuing reprisals and many were subsequently deported to labor camps in Siberia.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 44], "content_span": [45, 633]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073778-0021-0000", "contents": "1956 Georgian demonstrations, Consequences\nThe March 1956 rallies widened rifts within the Georgian Communist Party, as several officials expressed solidarity with the people. In July 1956, the Central Committee in Moscow issued a resolution critical of the Georgian Communist leadership, and in August the second secretary in Tbilisi was replaced by a Russian. Yet, Mzhavanadze was successful in pacifying Georgians by minimizing the number of victims in his interviews and sponsoring a program of lectures to spread the party's new views. For his success, Mzhavanadze was raised to candidate membership in the Central Committee Presidium in June 1957.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 42], "content_span": [43, 653]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073778-0022-0000", "contents": "1956 Georgian demonstrations, Consequences\nAlthough no apparent attempts at defying the Soviet rule in Georgia were to be made until April 1978, the grudges against the central government in Moscow continued to be held. Many in Georgia held Khrushchev personally responsible for ordering the army to fire on the protesters. The Tbilisi events made Georgia's deviance from the rest of the Soviet Union, with the possible exception of the Baltics, apparent. The loyalty to the Union was gravely compromised and an anti-Soviet sentiment became an essential feature of the reemerging Georgian nationalism.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 42], "content_span": [43, 601]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073778-0023-0000", "contents": "1956 Georgian demonstrations, Consequences\nIt was in the immediate aftermath of the 1956 event that the first Georgian underground groups calling for an outright secession from the Soviet Union appeared. They were typically small and weak and the Soviet authorities were able to quickly neutralize them. However, they gave origin to a new generation of dissidents, such as Merab Kostava and Zviad Gamsakhurdia, both teenage participants of the March 1956 rally, who would lead Georgia into its struggle for independence in the 1980s.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 42], "content_span": [43, 533]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073779-0000-0000", "contents": "1956 German Grand Prix\nThe 1956 German Grand Prix was a Formula One motor race held on 5 August 1956 at N\u00fcrburgring. It was race 7 of 8 in the 1956 World Championship of Drivers.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [22, 22], "content_span": [23, 178]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073779-0001-0000", "contents": "1956 German Grand Prix, Winner\nForty-five-year-old Argentine Juan Manuel Fangio won the race for Ferrari, and broke Hermann Lang's 17-year-old lap record, set in a Mercedes.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [24, 30], "content_span": [31, 173]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073779-0002-0000", "contents": "1956 German Grand Prix, Attendees\nPresent at the event was 18-year old Juan Carlos, later King of Spain, in support of his relative Alfonso de Portago.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [24, 33], "content_span": [34, 151]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073780-0000-0000", "contents": "1956 German football championship\nThe 1956 German football championship was the culmination of the football season in West Germany in 1955-56. Borussia Dortmund were crowned champions for the first time in their second final appearance, having previously lost the 1949 German football championship final to VfR Mannheim.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [33, 33], "content_span": [34, 320]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073780-0001-0000", "contents": "1956 German football championship\nOn the strength of this title, the club participated in the 1956\u201357 European Cup, where it went out to Manchester United 3\u20132 on aggregate in the quarter-finals.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [33, 33], "content_span": [34, 194]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073780-0002-0000", "contents": "1956 German football championship, Competition, First qualifying round\nThe four qualified runners-up played two qualifying rounds to determine the three clubs which advanced to the group stage. The deciding game for the third qualified team had to be replayed after a three-all draw after extra time in the first match.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 70], "content_span": [71, 319]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073781-0000-0000", "contents": "1956 German motorcycle Grand Prix\nThe 1956 German motorcycle Grand Prix was the fourth round of the 1956 Grand Prix motorcycle racing season. It took place on 21\u201322 July 1956 at the Solitude circuit.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [33, 33], "content_span": [34, 199]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073782-0000-0000", "contents": "1956 Gibraltar general election\nGeneral elections were held in Gibraltar on 21 September 1956. The Association for the Advancement of Civil Rights remained the largest party in the legislature, winning four of the seven elected seats.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [31, 31], "content_span": [32, 234]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073783-0000-0000", "contents": "1956 Giro d'Italia\nThe 1956 Giro d'Italia was the 39th\u00a0edition of the Giro d'Italia, one of cycling's Grand Tours. The Giro started off in Milan on 19 May with a 210\u00a0km (130.5\u00a0mi) flat stage and concluded back in Milan with a 113\u00a0km (70.2\u00a0mi) relatively flat mass-start stage on 10 June. Sixteen teams entered the race, which was won by Luxembourgian Charly Gaul of the Faema team. Second and third respectively were Italian riders Fiorenzo Magni and Agostino Coletto.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 18], "section_span": [18, 18], "content_span": [19, 468]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073783-0001-0000", "contents": "1956 Giro d'Italia\nGaul took the lead in the legendary stage up Monte Bondone, where under a snow storm he won with an 8-minute margin over runner up Alessandro Fantini. This edition is unique since there were two Mountains Classification winners. There were two awards for the Dolomites and the Apennine mountains, the winners were Charly Gaul and Federico Bahamontes respectively.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 18], "section_span": [18, 18], "content_span": [19, 382]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073783-0002-0000", "contents": "1956 Giro d'Italia, Teams\nFifteen teams were invited by the race organizers to participate in the 1957 edition of the Giro d'Italia. Each team sent a squad of seven riders, which meant that the race started with a peloton of 105 cyclists. From the riders that began the race, 43 made it to the finish in Milan.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 18], "section_span": [20, 25], "content_span": [26, 310]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073783-0003-0000", "contents": "1956 Giro d'Italia, Pre-race favorites\nThe race was thought to be more open in previous years due to notable absences of top riders like Louison Bobet due to sickness, 1950 winner Hugo Koblet as he was recovering from a back injury and desired to focus on the Tour de France, Stan Ockers, Ferdinand K\u00fcbler, and Rapha\u00ebl G\u00e9miniani, along with the innovations regarding the race route. A Feuille d'Avis de Neuchatel writer felt that the race would offer a great opportunity for the younger riders to succeed as the previous great riders like Coppi are getting too old.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 18], "section_span": [20, 38], "content_span": [39, 565]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073783-0003-0001", "contents": "1956 Giro d'Italia, Pre-race favorites\nPrevious year's winner Fiorenzo Magni (Nivea-Fuchs) was one of the older generation of riders to enter the race in great form, coming off of a win at the Tour of Piedmont. In addition, Magni had announced that this would be his last Giro as he would retire as the season's end. The writer continued naming young Italians with potential to contend like Gastone Nencini (Leo\u2013Chlorodont), following his performance in last Giro, amateur road race champion Sante Ranucci (Legnano), and Aldo Moser (Torpado).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 18], "section_span": [20, 38], "content_span": [39, 542]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073783-0003-0002", "contents": "1956 Giro d'Italia, Pre-race favorites\nJean Brankart lead the primarily Belgian Eldorado team and was viewed as a rider who would win a Tour de France. Some viewed Charly Gaul (Faema) as a favorite to contend for the overall. Spanish contenders were thought to be climber Federico Bahamontes (Girardengo), while sprinter Miguel Poblet (Faema) was thought to be a favorite for the flatter stages.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 18], "section_span": [20, 38], "content_span": [39, 395]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073783-0004-0000", "contents": "1956 Giro d'Italia, Route and stages\nThe route was revealed on 24 February 1956. The race contained eight stages with mountains, which contained sixteen categorized climbs. The race route all together contained 3 rest days and 23 stages across 25 days of racing, of which 18 were mass-start stages, two individual time trials, one team time trial event, and one individual time trial run as a relay. The relay event took place in San Marino.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 18], "section_span": [20, 36], "content_span": [37, 441]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073783-0004-0001", "contents": "1956 Giro d'Italia, Route and stages\nThe second day of racing featured a split stage where the second half was a team time trial that was contested at night to not interfere with a local football match that was happening in the afternoon. The planned tenth stage from Salerno to Frascati was deemed an \"electoral stage\" at the route's announcement and was chosen to be removed because it fell on the day of Italian municipal elections. Three new Dolomite mountains were climbed during this edition of the race: Monte Bondone (1,300\u00a0m (4,265\u00a0ft)), San-Pellegrino (1,918\u00a0m (6,293\u00a0ft)), and Vall\u00e8s (2,033\u00a0m (6,670\u00a0ft) meters). Eleven categorized climbs from the Apennines were included in the race route, with the Pian di Creto (605\u00a0m (1,985\u00a0ft)) being utilized in the second stage. For the first time in race history, the cities of Lecco, Rapallo, Salice Terme were stops for the Giro.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 18], "section_span": [20, 36], "content_span": [37, 883]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073783-0005-0000", "contents": "1956 Giro d'Italia, Route and stages\nWhen interviewed about the route several current and former riders said. The route was thought to be difficult.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 18], "section_span": [20, 36], "content_span": [37, 148]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073783-0006-0000", "contents": "1956 Giro d'Italia, Classification leadership\nOne jersey was worn during the 1956 Giro d'Italia. The leader of the general classification \u2013 calculated by adding the stage finish times of each rider \u2013 wore a pink jersey. This classification is the most important of the race, and its winner is considered as the winner of the Giro.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 18], "section_span": [20, 45], "content_span": [46, 330]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073783-0007-0000", "contents": "1956 Giro d'Italia, Classification leadership\nThere were three mountains classifications in the 1956 Giro d'Italia, one for the Dolomites, Apennines, and one for the highest mountain in the race, the Passo dello Stelvio. The rider that was the first over the Stelvio was Ignis' Aurelio Del Rio. Although no jersey was awarded, there was also one classification for the teams, in which the teams were awarded points for their rider's performance during the stages.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 18], "section_span": [20, 45], "content_span": [46, 463]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073784-0000-0000", "contents": "1956 Giro di Lombardia\nThe 1956 Giro di Lombardia was the 50th edition of the Giro di Lombardia cycle race and was held on 21 October 1956. The race started and finished in Milan. The race was won by Andr\u00e9 Darrigade of the Bianchi team.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [22, 22], "content_span": [23, 236]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073785-0000-0000", "contents": "1956 Glover Trophy\nThe 1956 Glover Trophy was a non-championship Formula One race, held on 2 April 1956 at Goodwood Circuit, England. The race was won by Stirling Moss after a set distance of 32 laps.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 18], "section_span": [18, 18], "content_span": [19, 200]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073786-0000-0000", "contents": "1956 Gold Coast general election\nGeneral elections were held in the Gold Coast (soon to become Ghana) on 17 July 1956. The result was a victory for Kwame Nkrumah's Convention People's Party, which won 71 of the 104 seats.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [32, 32], "content_span": [33, 221]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073786-0001-0000", "contents": "1956 Gold Coast general election\nA new constitution, approved on 29 April 1954, established a cabinet composed of African ministers drawn from an all-African legislature chosen by direct election. In the elections that followed, the Convention People's Party won the majority of seats in the new Legislative Assembly.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [32, 32], "content_span": [33, 317]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073786-0002-0000", "contents": "1956 Gold Coast general election, Background\nA new constitution, approved on 29 April 1954, established a cabinet composed of African ministers drawn from an all-African legislature chosen by direct election. In the elections that followed, the Convention People's Party won the majority of seats in the new Legislative Assembly. In May 1956, Prime Minister Nkrumah's government issued a white paper containing proposals for Gold Coast independence. The British Government stated it would agree to a firm date for independence if a reasonable majority for such a step were obtained in the Gold Coast Legislative Assembly after a general election.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 44], "content_span": [45, 646]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073786-0003-0000", "contents": "1956 Gold Coast general election, Aftermath\nAfter pro-independence parties won a convincing majority, the British government agreed to grant the colony independence. This happened on 6 March 1957, with the country renamed Ghana. Initially a constitutional monarchy with Elizabeth II as head of State, the country's democratic credentials were hampered by the Preventive Detention Act (1958). In 1960 a referendum resulted in the country becoming a republic with a presidential form of government, and in 1964 it became a one-party state. Nkrumah was eventually overthrown in 1966.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 43], "content_span": [44, 580]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073787-0000-0000", "contents": "1956 Governor General's Awards\nIn Canada, the 1956 Governor General's Awards for Literary Merit were the twentieth such awards. The awards in this period had no monetary prize but were an honour for the authors.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [30, 30], "content_span": [31, 211]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073787-0001-0000", "contents": "1956 Governor General's Awards, Winners\nThis article about a literary award is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by .", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 39], "content_span": [40, 114]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073787-0002-0000", "contents": "1956 Governor General's Awards, Winners\nThis article about Canadian literature is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by .", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 39], "content_span": [40, 117]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073788-0000-0000", "contents": "1956 Grand Canyon mid-air collision\nThe Grand Canyon mid-air collision occurred in the western United States on Saturday, June 30, 1956, when a United Airlines Douglas DC-7 struck a Trans World Airlines Lockheed L-1049 Super Constellation over Grand Canyon National Park, Arizona. All 128 on board both flights perished, making it the first commercial airline incident to exceed one hundred fatalities. The flights had departed Los Angeles International Airport minutes apart for Chicago and Kansas City, respectively.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [35, 35], "content_span": [36, 518]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073788-0001-0000", "contents": "1956 Grand Canyon mid-air collision\nThe collision took place in uncontrolled airspace, where it was the pilots' own responsibility to maintain separation (\"see and be seen\"). This highlighted the antiquated state of air traffic control, which became the focus of major aviation reforms.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [35, 35], "content_span": [36, 286]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073788-0002-0000", "contents": "1956 Grand Canyon mid-air collision, Flight history\nTrans World Airlines Flight 2, a Lockheed L-1049 Super Constellation named Star of the Seine, with Captain Jack Gandy (age 41), First Officer James Ritner (31), and Flight Engineer Forrest Breyfogle (37), departed Los Angeles on Saturday, June 30, 1956, at 9:01\u00a0am PDT with 64 passengers (including 11 TWA off-duty employees on free tickets) and six crew members (including two flight attendants and an off-duty flight engineer), and headed to Kansas City Downtown Airport, 31 minutes behind schedule.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 51], "content_span": [52, 553]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073788-0002-0001", "contents": "1956 Grand Canyon mid-air collision, Flight history\nFlight 2, initially flying under instrument flight rules (IFR), climbed to an authorized altitude of 19,000 feet (5,800\u00a0m) and stayed in controlled airspace as far as Daggett, California. At Daggett, Captain Gandy turned right to a heading of 059 degrees magnetic, toward the radio range near Trinidad, Colorado. The Constellation was now \"off airways\", otherwise known as flying in uncontrolled airspace.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 51], "content_span": [52, 457]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073788-0003-0000", "contents": "1956 Grand Canyon mid-air collision, Flight history\nUnited Airlines Flight 718, a Douglas DC-7 named Mainliner Vancouver, and flown by Captain Robert Shirley (age 48), First Officer Robert Harms (36), and Flight Engineer Gerard Fiore (39), departed Los Angeles at 9:04\u00a0am PDT with 53 passengers and five crew members aboard (including two flight attendants), bound for Chicago's Midway Airport.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 51], "content_span": [52, 394]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073788-0003-0001", "contents": "1956 Grand Canyon mid-air collision, Flight history\nClimbing to an authorized altitude of 21,000 feet (6,400\u00a0m), Captain Shirley flew under IFR in controlled airspace to a point northeast of Palm Springs, California, where he turned left toward a radio beacon near Needles, California, after which his flight plan was direct to Durango in southwestern Colorado. The DC-7, though still under IFR jurisdiction, was now, just like the Constellation, flying in uncontrolled airspace.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 51], "content_span": [52, 479]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073788-0004-0000", "contents": "1956 Grand Canyon mid-air collision, Flight history\nShortly after takeoff, TWA's Captain Gandy requested permission to climb to 21,000 feet to avoid thunderheads that were forming near his flight path. As was the practice at the time, his request had to be relayed by a TWA dispatcher to air traffic control (ATC), as neither crew was in direct contact with ATC after departure. ATC denied the request; the two airliners would soon be reentering controlled airspace (the Red 15 airway running southeast from Las Vegas) and ATC had no way to provide the horizontal separation required between two aircraft at the same altitude.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 51], "content_span": [52, 626]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073788-0005-0000", "contents": "1956 Grand Canyon mid-air collision, Flight history\nCaptain Gandy requested \"1,000 on top\" clearance (flying 1000 feet [300 m] above the clouds), which was still under IFR, not VFR (visual flight rules), which was approved by ATC. The provision to operate 1000'-on-top exists so that separation restrictions normally applied by ATC can be temporarily suspended. An aircraft cleared to operate 1000'-on-top is responsible for maintaining separation from other IFR aircraft \u2013 especially useful when two aircraft are transitioning to or from an approach when VFR conditions exist above cloud layers.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 51], "content_span": [52, 596]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073788-0006-0000", "contents": "1956 Grand Canyon mid-air collision, Flight history\nFlying under VFR placed the responsibility for maintaining safe separation from other aircraft upon Gandy and Ritner, a procedure referred to as \"see and be seen,\" since changed to \"see and avoid.\" Upon receiving \"1,000 on top\" clearance, Captain Gandy increased his altitude to 21,000 feet.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 51], "content_span": [52, 343]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073788-0007-0000", "contents": "1956 Grand Canyon mid-air collision, Flight history\nBoth crews had estimated that they would arrive somewhere along the Painted Desert line at about 10:31\u00a0am Pacific time. The Painted Desert line was about two hundred miles (320\u00a0km) in length, running between the VORs at Bryce Canyon, Utah, and Winslow, Arizona, at an angle of 335 degrees relative to true north \u2013 wholly outside of controlled air space. Owing to the different headings taken by the two planes, TWA's crossing of the Painted Desert line, assuming no further course changes, would be at a 13-degree angle relative to that of the United flight, with the Constellation to the left of the DC-7.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 51], "content_span": [52, 658]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073788-0008-0000", "contents": "1956 Grand Canyon mid-air collision, Flight history\nAs the two aircraft approached the Grand Canyon, now at the same altitude and nearly the same speed, the pilots were likely maneuvering around towering cumulus clouds, though flying VFR required the TWA flight to stay in clear air. As they were maneuvering near the canyon, it is believed the planes passed the same cloud on opposite sides.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 51], "content_span": [52, 392]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073788-0009-0000", "contents": "1956 Grand Canyon mid-air collision, Collision\nAt about 10:30\u00a0a.m. the two aircraft collided over the canyon at an angle of about 25 degrees. Post-crash analysis determined that the United DC-7 was banking to the right and pitching down at the time of the collision, suggesting that one or possibly both of the United pilots spotted the TWA Constellation and attempted evasive action.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 46], "content_span": [47, 384]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073788-0010-0000", "contents": "1956 Grand Canyon mid-air collision, Collision\nThe DC-7's upraised left wing clipped the top of the Constellation's vertical stabilizer and struck the fuselage immediately ahead of the stabilizer's base, causing the tail assembly to break away from the rest of the airframe. The propeller on the DC-7's left outboard, or number one engine, concurrently chopped a series of gashes into the bottom of the Constellation's fuselage. Explosive decompression would have instantaneously occurred from the damage, a theory substantiated by light debris, such as cabin furnishings and personal effects, being scattered over a large area.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 46], "content_span": [47, 628]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073788-0011-0000", "contents": "1956 Grand Canyon mid-air collision, Collision\nThe separation of the tail assembly from the Constellation resulted in immediate loss of control, causing the aircraft to enter a near-vertical, terminal velocity dive. Plunging into the Grand Canyon at an estimated speed of more than seven hundred feet per second (480\u00a0mph; 770\u00a0km/h), the Constellation slammed into the north slope of a ravine on the northeast slope of Temple Butte and disintegrated on impact, instantly killing all aboard. An intense fire, fueled by aviation gasoline, ensued. The severed tail assembly, badly battered but still somewhat recognizable, came to rest nearby.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 46], "content_span": [47, 639]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073788-0012-0000", "contents": "1956 Grand Canyon mid-air collision, Collision\nThe DC-7's left wing to the left of the number one engine was mangled by the impact and was no longer capable of producing substantial lift. The engine had been severely damaged as well, and the combined loss of lift and propulsion left the crippled airliner in a rapidly descending left spiral from which recovery was impossible. The Mainliner collided with the south side cliff of Chuar Butte and disintegrated, instantly killing all aboard.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 46], "content_span": [47, 490]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073788-0013-0000", "contents": "1956 Grand Canyon mid-air collision, Aftermath, Search and recovery\nThe airspace over the canyon was not under any type of radar contact and there were neither homing beacons nor \"black boxes\" (cockpit voice and flight data recorders) aboard either aircraft. The last position reports received from the flights did not reflect their locations at the time of impact. Also, there were no credible witnesses to the collision itself or the subsequent crashes. The only immediate indication of trouble was when United company radio operators in Salt Lake City and San Francisco heard a garbled transmission from Flight 718, the last from either aircraft.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 67], "content_span": [68, 649]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073788-0013-0001", "contents": "1956 Grand Canyon mid-air collision, Aftermath, Search and recovery\nCivil Aeronautics Board (CAB) accident investigation engineers later deciphered the transmission \u2013 which had been preserved on magnetic tape \u2013 as the voice of co-pilot Robert Harms declaring, \"Salt Lake, [ah], 718\u00a0... we are going in!\" The shrill voice of Captain Shirley was heard in the background as presumably futilely struggling with the controls, he implored the airplane to \"[Pull] up! [ Pull] up!\" (bracketed words were inferred by investigators from the context and circumstances in which they were uttered).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 67], "content_span": [68, 585]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073788-0014-0000", "contents": "1956 Grand Canyon mid-air collision, Aftermath, Search and recovery\nAfter neither flight reported their current position for some time, the two aircraft were declared to be missing, and search and rescue procedures started. The wreckage was first seen late in the day near the confluence of the Colorado and Little Colorado Rivers by Henry and Palen Hudgin, two brothers who operated Grand Canyon Airlines, a small air taxi service. During a trip earlier in the day, Palen had noted dense black smoke rising near Temple Butte, the crash site of the Constellation, but had dismissed it as the brush set ablaze by lightning.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 67], "content_span": [68, 622]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073788-0015-0000", "contents": "1956 Grand Canyon mid-air collision, Aftermath, Search and recovery\nHowever, upon hearing of the missing airliners, Palen decided that what he had seen might have been smoking from a post-crash fire. He and his brother flew a light aircraft (a Piper Tri-Pacer) deep into the canyon and searched near the location of the smoke. The Constellation's empennage was found, and the brothers reported their findings to authorities. The following day, the two men pinpointed the wreckage of the DC-7. Numerous helicopter missions were subsequently flown down to the crash sites to find and attempt to identify victims, as well as recover wreckage for accident analysis, a difficult and dangerous process due to the rugged terrain and unpredictable air currents.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 67], "content_span": [68, 753]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073788-0016-0000", "contents": "1956 Grand Canyon mid-air collision, Aftermath, Search and recovery\nThe airlines hired the Swiss Air-Rescue and some Swiss mountain climbers to go to the scene where the aircraft fuselages had crashed. They were to gather the remains of the passengers and other items. This was given considerable publicity in U.S. news releases at the time because of the severity of the terrain where the fuselages came to rest. Owing to the exceptional severity of the ground impacts, no bodies were recovered intact, and positive identification of most of the remains was not possible. On July 9, 1956, a mass funeral for the victims of TWA Flight 2 was held at the canyon's south rim.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 67], "content_span": [68, 672]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073788-0017-0000", "contents": "1956 Grand Canyon mid-air collision, Aftermath, Search and recovery\nTwenty-nine unidentified victims of the United flight were interred in four coffins at the Grand Canyon Pioneer Cemetery. Sixty-six of the seventy TWA passengers and crew are interred in a mass grave at Citizens Cemetery in Flagstaff, Arizona. A number of years elapsed following this accident before most of the wreckage was removed from the canyon. Some pieces of the aircraft remain at the crash sites.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 67], "content_span": [68, 473]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073788-0018-0000", "contents": "1956 Grand Canyon mid-air collision, Aftermath, Investigation\nThe investigation of this accident was particularly challenging due to the remoteness and topography of the crash sites, as well as the extent of the destruction of the two airliners and the lack of real-time flight data as might be derived from a modern flight data recorder. Despite the considerable difficulties, CAB experts were able to determine with a remarkable degree of certainty what had transpired and, in their report, issued the following statement as probable cause for the accident:", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 61], "content_span": [62, 559]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073788-0019-0000", "contents": "1956 Grand Canyon mid-air collision, Aftermath, Investigation\nThe Board determines that the probable cause of this mid-air collision was that the pilots did not see each other in time to avoid the collision.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 61], "content_span": [62, 207]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073788-0019-0001", "contents": "1956 Grand Canyon mid-air collision, Aftermath, Investigation\nIt is not possible to determine why the pilots did not see each other, but the evidence suggests that it resulted from any one or a combination of the following factors: Intervening clouds reducing time for visual separation, visual limitations due to cockpit visibility, and preoccupation with normal cockpit duties, preoccupation with matters unrelated to cockpit duties such as attempting to provide the passengers with a more scenic view of the Grand Canyon area, physiological limits to human vision reducing the time opportunity to see and avoid the other aircraft, or insufficiency of en route air traffic advisory information due to inadequacy of facilities and lack of personnel in air traffic control.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 61], "content_span": [62, 773]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073788-0020-0000", "contents": "1956 Grand Canyon mid-air collision, Aftermath, Investigation\nIn the report, weather and the airworthiness of the two planes were thought to have played no role in the accident. Lacking credible eyewitnesses and with some uncertainty regarding high altitude visibility at the time of the collision, it was not possible to determine conclusively how much opportunity was available for the TWA and United pilots to see and avoid each other.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 61], "content_span": [62, 438]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073788-0021-0000", "contents": "1956 Grand Canyon mid-air collision, Aftermath, Investigation\nNeither flight crew was specifically implicated in the CAB's finding of probable cause, although the decision by TWA's Captain Gandy to cancel his IFR flight plan and fly \"1,000 on top\" was the likely catalyst for the accident. Also worth noting was that the investigation itself was thorough in all respects, but the final report focused on technical issues and largely ignored contributory human factors, such as why the airlines permitted their pilots to execute maneuvers solely intended to improve the passengers' view of the canyon. It would not be until the late 1970s that human factors would be as thoroughly investigated as technical matters following aerial mishaps.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 61], "content_span": [62, 739]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073788-0022-0000", "contents": "1956 Grand Canyon mid-air collision, Aftermath, Investigation\nDuring the investigation, Milford \"Mel\" Hunter, a scientific and technical illustrator with Life magazine, was given early and unrestricted access to the CAB's data and preliminary findings, enabling him to produce an illustration of what likely occurred at the moment of the collision. Hunter's finely detailed gouache painting first appeared in Life's April 29, 1957, issue and was subsequently included in David Gero's 1996 edition of Aviation Disasters II.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 61], "content_span": [62, 522]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073788-0023-0000", "contents": "1956 Grand Canyon mid-air collision, Aftermath, Investigation\nI was able to plot the two intersecting flight paths and the fact that both planes were in each other's blind spot. I remember showing that the descending aircraft's propellers chewed a series of gashes along the fuselage top of the ascending aircraft. I did a lot of this type of factual re-creation for Life. They were always extremely tough to piece together to the satisfaction of all the editors, art directors and assorted researchers who were assigned to such projects. But, it was extremely interesting work.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 61], "content_span": [62, 578]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073788-0024-0000", "contents": "1956 Grand Canyon mid-air collision, Aftermath, Investigation\nHunter's recollection of his illustration was not completely accurate. The painting showed the DC-7 below the Constellation, with the former's number one engine beneath the latter's fuselage, which agreed with the CAB technical findings.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 61], "content_span": [62, 299]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073788-0025-0000", "contents": "1956 Grand Canyon mid-air collision, Aftermath, Catalyst for change\nAt 128 fatalities, the Grand Canyon collision became the deadliest U.S. commercial airline disaster and deadliest air crash on U.S. soil of any kind, surpassing United Airlines Flight 409 the year before. It was surpassed in both respects on December 16, 1960, by the 1960 New York mid-air collision (also involving United and TWA aircraft).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 67], "content_span": [68, 409]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073788-0026-0000", "contents": "1956 Grand Canyon mid-air collision, Aftermath, Catalyst for change\nThe accident was covered by the press worldwide, and as the story unfolded, the public learned of the primitive nature of air traffic control (ATC) and how little was being done to modernize it. The air traffic controller who had cleared TWA to \"1,000 on top\" was severely criticized as he had not advised Captains Gandy and Shirley about the potential for a traffic conflict following the clearance, even though he must have known of the possibility.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 67], "content_span": [68, 519]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073788-0026-0001", "contents": "1956 Grand Canyon mid-air collision, Aftermath, Catalyst for change\nThe controller was publicly blamed for the accident by both airlines and was vilified in the press, but he was cleared of any wrongdoing. As Charles Carmody (the then-assistant ATC director) testified during the investigation, neither flight was legally under the control of ATC when they collided, as both were \"off airways.\" The controller was not required to issue a traffic conflict advisory to either pilot.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 67], "content_span": [68, 480]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073788-0026-0002", "contents": "1956 Grand Canyon mid-air collision, Aftermath, Catalyst for change\nAccording to the CAB accident investigation final report, page 8, the en-route controller relayed a traffic advisory regarding United 718 to TWA's ground radio operator: \"ATC clears TWA 2, maintain at least 1,000 on top. Advise TWA 2 his traffic is United 718, direct Durango, estimating Needles at 0957.\" The TWA operator testified that Captain Gandy acknowledged the information on the United flight as \"traffic received.\"", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 67], "content_span": [68, 492]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073788-0027-0000", "contents": "1956 Grand Canyon mid-air collision, Aftermath, Catalyst for change\nThe accident was particularly alarming in that public confidence in air travel had increased during the 1950s with the introduction of new airliners like the Super Constellation, Douglas DC-7, and Boeing Stratocruiser. Travel by air had become routine for large corporations and vacationers often considered flying instead of traveling by train. At the time, a congressional committee was reviewing domestic air travel, as there was growing concern over the number of accidents. However, little progress was being made and the state of ATC at the time of the Grand Canyon accident reflected the methods of the 1930s.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 67], "content_span": [68, 684]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073788-0028-0000", "contents": "1956 Grand Canyon mid-air collision, Aftermath, Catalyst for change\nAs near-misses and mid-air collisions continued, the public demanded action. Often-contentious congressional hearings followed, and in 1957, increased funding was allocated to modernize ATC, hire and train more air traffic controllers, and procure much-needed radar \u2013 initially military surplus equipment.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 67], "content_span": [68, 373]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073788-0029-0000", "contents": "1956 Grand Canyon mid-air collision, Aftermath, Catalyst for change\nHowever, control of American airspace continued to be split between the military and the Civil Aeronautics Administration (CAA, the federal agency in charge of air traffic control at the time). The CAA had no authority over military flights, which could enter controlled airspace with no warning to other traffic. The result was a series of near-misses and collisions involving civil and military aircraft, the latter often flying at much higher speeds than the former. For example, in 1958, the collision of United Airlines Flight 736 flying \"on-airways\" and an F-100 Super Sabre fighter jet near Las Vegas, Nevada, resulted in 49 fatalities.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 67], "content_span": [68, 711]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073788-0030-0000", "contents": "1956 Grand Canyon mid-air collision, Aftermath, Catalyst for change\nAgain, action was demanded. After more hearings, the Federal Aviation Act of 1958 was passed, dissolving the CAA and creating the Federal Aviation Agency (FAA, later renamed the Federal Aviation Administration in 1966). The FAA was given total authority over American airspace, including military activity, and as procedures and ATC facilities were modernized, mid-air collisions gradually became less frequent.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 67], "content_span": [68, 479]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073788-0031-0000", "contents": "1956 Grand Canyon mid-air collision, Aftermath, National Historic Landmark\nOn April 22, 2014, the site of the crash was declared a National Historic Landmark, making it the first landmark for an event that happened in the air. The location, in a remote portion of the canyon only accessible to hikers, has been closed to the public since the 1950s.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 74], "content_span": [75, 348]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073788-0032-0000", "contents": "1956 Grand Canyon mid-air collision, Dramatizations\nIn 2006, the story of this disaster was covered in the third season of the History Channel program UFO Files. The episode, entitled \"Black Box UFO Secrets\", contained the Universal Newsreel footage of the accident narrated by Ed Herlihy.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 51], "content_span": [52, 289]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073788-0033-0000", "contents": "1956 Grand Canyon mid-air collision, Dramatizations\nIn 2010, the story of the disaster, along with other mid-air collisions, was featured on the eighth season of the National Geographic Channel show Mayday (also known as Air Emergency and Air Crash Investigation). The special episode is entitled \"System Breakdown\". In 2013, an episode from the twelfth season, entitled \"Grand Canyon Disaster\", also featured this accident.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 51], "content_span": [52, 424]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073788-0034-0000", "contents": "1956 Grand Canyon mid-air collision, Dramatizations\nIn 2015, the first season of Mysteries at the National Parks on the Travel Channel,  in the series' seventh episode entitled, \"Portal To The Underworld\" the crash was also featured and was mentioned as being a \"supernatural event.\"", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 51], "content_span": [52, 283]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073788-0035-0000", "contents": "1956 Grand Canyon mid-air collision, Literary reference\nIn his novel Skeleton Man (2004), Tony Hillerman uses this event as the backdrop to his story.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 55], "content_span": [56, 150]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073788-0036-0000", "contents": "1956 Grand Canyon mid-air collision, Literary reference\nIn the Arthur Hailey novel Airport, Mel thinks that another big disaster like this incident would arouse public awareness about the airport's deficiencies.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 55], "content_span": [56, 211]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073788-0037-0000", "contents": "1956 Grand Canyon mid-air collision, Literary reference\nIn Colin Fletcher's 1963 account of walking Grand Canyon National Park end-to-end, \"The Man Who Walked Through Time\", he gives an account of somberly hiking by the wreckage of the aircraft the day after the collision.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 55], "content_span": [56, 273]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073789-0000-0000", "contents": "1956 Grand National\nThe 1956 Grand National was the 110th renewal of the world-famous Grand National horse race that took place at Aintree Racecourse near Liverpool, England, on 24 March 1956.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [19, 19], "content_span": [20, 192]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073789-0001-0000", "contents": "1956 Grand National\nIt is probably best remembered for Devon Loch's sudden and inexplicable fall on the final straight, just 40 yards from a certain victory. The incident is almost always replayed during television build-up coverage on Grand National day.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [19, 19], "content_span": [20, 255]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073789-0002-0000", "contents": "1956 Grand National\nOwned by Queen Elizabeth The Queen Mother and ridden by Dick Francis, the well-fancied Devon Loch held a five-length lead over his nearest challenger, E.S.B., on the run-in to the finishing post, when he suddenly half-jumped into the air and landed in a bellyflop on his stomach, allowing E.S.B. to overtake and win. Although Francis tried to cajole the horse, it was unable to continue.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [19, 19], "content_span": [20, 407]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073789-0003-0000", "contents": "1956 Grand National, Media Coverage and Aftermath\nAintree maintained a refusal to allow the race to be broadcast either live or delayed by any Television company, the BBC having submitted a request every year since 1946. However, The BBC's rights to broadcast the race live on radio remained in place, making this the twenty-fifth consecutive live coverage of the race since 1927. The race was broadcast live on the BBC Light Programme from 3pm with Raymond Glendenning calling in the winner while Michael O'Hehir and Peter O'Sullevan called the action out in the country. Claude Harrison, Bob Haynes, and Aubrey Renwick assisted by calling competitors that dropped out of the race. As per all previous years, part of the agreement to broadcast was that the copyright for the recording would be held by Tophams and not the BBC.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [21, 49], "content_span": [50, 827]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073789-0004-0000", "contents": "1956 Grand National, Media Coverage and Aftermath\nE.S.B. 's jockey Dave Dick said of his unexpected win: \"Devon Loch had me stone cold. I was a terribly lucky winner.\" Devon Loch's owner Queen Elizabeth The Queen Mother famously said of the incident: \"Oh, that's racing!\" For jockey Dick Francis, his mount's bizarre collapse on the run-in to victory in the world's most famous steeplechase remained a \"terrible memory, even after all these years.\" Devon Loch's was not the first time a horse had seemed to jump some form of ghost fence on the run in of the National. In 1901, Arthur Nightingall's race was well won on board Grudon when his mount also made to jump a fence that wasn't there. On that occasion the pair recovered and had sufficient time to continue and win the race.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [21, 49], "content_span": [50, 781]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073790-0000-0000", "contents": "1956 Grand Prix motorcycle racing season\nThe 1956 Grand Prix motorcycle racing season was the eighth F.I.M. Road Racing World Championship Grand Prix season. The season consisted of six Grand Prix races in five classes: 500cc, 350cc, 250cc, 125cc and Sidecars 500cc. It began on 8 June, with Isle of Man TT and ended with Nations Grand Prix in Italy on 9 September.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [40, 40], "content_span": [41, 365]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073790-0001-0000", "contents": "1956 Grand Prix motorcycle racing season, Standings, Scoring system\nPoints were awarded to the top six finishers in each race. Only the four best races were counted in all five classes: the Sidecars, 125cc, 250cc,  350cc and 500cc championships.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [42, 67], "content_span": [68, 245]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073791-0000-0000", "contents": "1956 Greek legislative election\nParliamentary elections were held in Greece on 19 February 1956. The result was a victory for Constantine Karamanlis and his National Radical Union party by securing the electoral vote despite trailing in the popular vote. It was the first general election in Greece in which women had the right to vote, although women had first voted in a by-election in Thessaloniki Prefecture in 1953 in which the first female MP was elected.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [31, 31], "content_span": [32, 461]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073791-0001-0000", "contents": "1956 Greek legislative election\nAlthough the Democratic Union, a coalition of centrist parties, received a slim plurality of votes, the conservative governing party, the National Radical Union, won the most seats due to a complex and controversial electoral system enacted by Karamanlis. A \"first past the post\" system was applied in the rural constituencies where the ERE was expected to gain a plurality, while proportional representation was reserved for the urban constituencies, where the Democratic Union was expected to lead. As a result, the Democratic Union came up 19 seats short of a majority.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [31, 31], "content_span": [32, 604]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073791-0002-0000", "contents": "1956 Greek legislative election\nThe Democratic Union included centrist parties, as the Liberal Democratic Union led by Sophoklis Venizelos and the Liberal Party of Georgios Papandreou, as well as the left-wing EDA, led by Ioannis Passalidis. A few years later, Sophoklis Venizelos and Georgios Papandreou renounced their alliance with EDA, breaking up the Democratic Union.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [31, 31], "content_span": [32, 373]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073791-0003-0000", "contents": "1956 Greek legislative election, Background\nIn 1955, Karamanlis was chosen by the King Paul I as successor of prime minister General Alexandros Papagos, who had just died. The decision was  controversial, as Karamanlis was not a leading member of Papagos' party, and  caused the vehement reactions of the party's two most prominent members, Stefanos Stefanopoulos and Panagiotis Kanellopoulos.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 43], "content_span": [44, 393]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073791-0004-0000", "contents": "1956 Greek legislative election, Background\nNevertheless, Karamanlis, thanks to the support of the royal family and his own dextrous handlings, managed to establish himself as a strong leader. After stabilizing his leadership, he dissolved the Greek Rally party and created his own conservative right-wing party, the National Radical Union, which also comprised some prominent centrists (Evangelos Averoff, Panagiotis Kanellopoulos, Konstantinos Tsatsos) and went on to dominate the Greek political scene for the next 8 years.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 43], "content_span": [44, 526]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073792-0000-0000", "contents": "1956 Green Bay Packers season\nThe 1956 Green Bay Packers season was their 38th season overall and their 36th in the National Football League. The team finished with a 4\u20138 record under coach Lisle Blackbourn, earning them a fifth-place finish in the Western Conference.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [29, 29], "content_span": [30, 268]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073792-0001-0000", "contents": "1956 Green Bay Packers season, Regular season, Standings\nNote: Tie games were not officially counted in the standings until 1972.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 56], "content_span": [57, 129]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073793-0000-0000", "contents": "1956 Guamanian legislative election\nParliamentary elections were held in Guam in 1956. The Popular Party won all 21 seats, in what became known as a \"blackjack victory\".", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [35, 35], "content_span": [36, 169]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073793-0001-0000", "contents": "1956 Guamanian legislative election, Background\nFollowing the 1954 elections the Popular Party had split after disagreements over the election of the Speaker. Eight former Popular Party MPs formed the Territorial Party shortly before the 1956 elections.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 47], "content_span": [48, 253]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073793-0002-0000", "contents": "1956 Guamanian legislative election, Electoral system\nThe 21 members of the Legislature were elected from a single district, with the candidates receiving the most votes being elected. Candidates were required to be at least 25 years old and have lived in Guam for at least five years before the election.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 53], "content_span": [54, 305]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073793-0003-0000", "contents": "1956 Guamanian legislative election, Campaign\nThe Popular Party campaign included referring to the Territorial Party as the \"party of the rich\", and opposition to the \"familia system\". Nightly Popular Party rallies known as \"gupot\" were attended by up to 5,000 people, with James T. Sablan attacking the Territorial Party. In contrast, Territorial Party rallies attracted only 200 at most, and the Guam Party attracted little attention.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 45], "content_span": [46, 436]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073794-0000-0000", "contents": "1956 Guild of Television Producers and Directors Awards\nThe 1956 Guild of Television Producers and Directors Awards were the second annual giving of the awards which later became known as the British Academy Television Awards.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 55], "section_span": [55, 55], "content_span": [56, 226]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073795-0000-0000", "contents": "1956 Hardin\u2013Simmons Cowboys football team\nThe 1956 Hardin\u2013Simmons Cowboys football team was an American football team that represented Hardin\u2013Simmons University in the Border Conference during the 1956 NCAA University Division football season. In its second season under head coach Sammy Baugh, the team compiled a 4\u20136 record (1\u20133 against conference opponents), finished in fifth place in the conference, and was outscored by a total of 217 to 164. The team played its home games at Parramore Stadium, also known as Parramore Field, in Abilene, Texas.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 41], "section_span": [41, 41], "content_span": [42, 551]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073795-0001-0000", "contents": "1956 Hardin\u2013Simmons Cowboys football team\nNo Hardin-Simmons players were named to the 1956 All-Border Conference football team.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 41], "section_span": [41, 41], "content_span": [42, 127]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073796-0000-0000", "contents": "1956 Harvard Crimson football team\nThe 1956 Harvard Crimson football team represented Harvard University as a member of the Ivy League. The Crimson were led by seventh-year head coach Lloyd Jordan and played their home games at Harvard Stadium in the Allston neighborhood of Boston, Massachusetts.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [34, 34], "content_span": [35, 297]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073797-0000-0000", "contents": "1956 Hawaii Rainbows football team\nThe 1956 Hawaii Rainbows football team represented the University of Hawai\u02bbi at M\u0101noa as an independent during the 1956 NCAA College Division football season. In their fifth season under head coach Hank Vasconcellos, the Rainbows compiled a 7\u20133 record.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [34, 34], "content_span": [35, 287]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073798-0000-0000", "contents": "1956 Hawker Hunter multiple aircraft accident\nOn 8 February 1956 the Royal Air Force lost six Hawker Hunter jet fighters in a multiple aircraft accident. Eight aircraft from RAF West Raynham had been carrying out a 4x4 dogfight exercise at 45,000 feet (14,000\u00a0m). Upon completion of the exercise the eight Hunters diverted to RAF Marham but due to bad weather six of the aircraft were lost including one fatality.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 45], "section_span": [45, 45], "content_span": [46, 413]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073798-0001-0000", "contents": "1956 Hawker Hunter multiple aircraft accident, Accident\nThe eight Hunter F1s from the Day Fighter Leader Squadron of the Central Fighter Establishment departed RAF West Raynham, Norfolk, England at 10:50 to carry out the exercise at 45,000 feet (14,000\u00a0m) in the local area. Due to the expected bad weather later in the day the aircraft were scheduled to return to West Raynham overhead by 11:15. By 11:00 the weather at West Raynham had deteriorated with poor visibility and the aircraft were told to divert to nearby RAF Marham for a visual approach.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 45], "section_span": [47, 55], "content_span": [56, 552]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073798-0002-0000", "contents": "1956 Hawker Hunter multiple aircraft accident, Accident\nThe visibility suddenly reduced but due to the close proximity of the aircraft to each other it was not possible to complete ground controlled approaches. In the following confusion and with only 10 minutes of fuel remaining, only two aircraft landed successfully.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 45], "section_span": [47, 55], "content_span": [56, 320]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073798-0003-0000", "contents": "1956 Hawker Hunter multiple aircraft accident, Aftermath\nQuestions were asked in Parliament about the loss of six aircraft worth \u00a3750,000  and the suspicion that the Mark 1 and 2 Hunters \"are liable to be deficient in fuel if a crisis arises\". Concern was also raised about the carrying out the exercise in the expected weather conditions.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 45], "section_span": [47, 56], "content_span": [57, 339]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073798-0004-0000", "contents": "1956 Hawker Hunter multiple aircraft accident, Investigation\nThe Board of Inquiry (BoI) reported that the primary cause of the accident was the sudden deterioration in the weather. The board also said it was an error of judgement to divert the aircraft to Marham on the assumption that they could do a visual landing.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 45], "section_span": [47, 60], "content_span": [61, 317]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073798-0005-0000", "contents": "1956 Hawker Hunter multiple aircraft accident, Investigation\nThe BoI stated that the decision to fly in the weather conditions was proper and reasonable, the pilots were all competent, the aircraft were serviceable and had adequate fuel and endurance for the planned mission.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 45], "section_span": [47, 60], "content_span": [61, 275]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073798-0006-0000", "contents": "1956 Hawker Hunter multiple aircraft accident, Investigation\nThe Air Officer Commanding-in-Chief Fighter Command decided that disciplinary action should be taken against officers in charge of flying operations at West Raynham. One officer was reproved and removed from his job and three other officers were reproved.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 45], "section_span": [47, 60], "content_span": [61, 316]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073799-0000-0000", "contents": "1956 Hawthorn Football Club season\nThe 1956 season was the Hawthorn Football Club's 32nd season in the Victorian Football League and 55th overall.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [34, 34], "content_span": [35, 146]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073799-0001-0000", "contents": "1956 Hawthorn Football Club season, Fixture, Night Series Cup\nThe night series cup was a knockout tournament contested by the teams who didn't qualify for the finals.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [36, 61], "content_span": [62, 166]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073800-0000-0000", "contents": "1956 Hereford by-election\nThe Hereford by-election of 14 February 1956 was held after the resignation of Conservative Member of Parliament (MP) Jim Thomas.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [25, 25], "content_span": [26, 155]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073800-0001-0000", "contents": "1956 Hereford by-election\nThe seat was safe, having been won by Thomas at the 1955 United Kingdom general election albeit with a reduced majority of over 2,000 votes. The Liberals, who had already polled nearly one-quarter of the vote in 1955, increased their share to 36.4%.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [25, 25], "content_span": [26, 275]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073801-0000-0000", "contents": "1956 Holy Cross Crusaders football team\nThe 1956 Holy Cross Crusaders football team was an American football team that represented the College of the Holy Cross as an independent during the 1956 NCAA University Division football season. In its 13th year under head coach Eddie Anderson, the team compiled a 5\u20133\u20131 record. The team played its home games at Fitton Field on the college's campus in Worcester, Massachusetts.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [39, 39], "content_span": [40, 420]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073802-0000-0000", "contents": "1956 Honduran Constituent Assembly election\nConstituent Assembly elections were held in Honduras on 7 October 1956. Prior to the elections, President Julio Lozano D\u00edaz established his own party, the Party of National Unity. The elections were heavily rigged and the PUN won all 58 seats.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 43], "section_span": [43, 43], "content_span": [44, 287]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073802-0001-0000", "contents": "1956 Honduran Constituent Assembly election, Conduct\nA group of protesting Liberals were fired on by police in Tegucigalpa.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 43], "section_span": [45, 52], "content_span": [53, 123]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073802-0002-0000", "contents": "1956 Honduran Constituent Assembly election, Aftermath\nFollowing the elections, a military coup took place on 21 October. The top conspirators included Colonel H\u00e9ctor Caraccioli, head of the air force, Major Roberto G\u00e1lvez Barnes, Minister of Development and General Roque J. Rodr\u00edguez, director of the military academy in Tegucigalpa. They organized a military government with Rodr\u00edguez as its apparent leader, primarily because of his seniority. Lozano was exiled and Fresh elections were held in September 1957.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 43], "section_span": [45, 54], "content_span": [55, 514]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073803-0000-0000", "contents": "1956 Hong Kong municipal election\nThe 1956 Urban Council election was held on 7 March 1956. The elected seats were extended from 4 to 8 seats and the election was for the 6 of the 8 elected seats of the Urban Council of Hong Kong. 6,040 of the 14,682, about 41% of the eligible voters cast their ballots in this election, highest turnout rate in the history of the Urban Council elections.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [33, 33], "content_span": [34, 389]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073803-0001-0000", "contents": "1956 Hong Kong municipal election\nThe newly established political group Hong Kong Civic Association won 2 of the 6 seats while the rest were won by the Reform Club of Hong Kong. The China Mail commented the election as \"the first of a genuine 'political contest'\" between two parties. Alison Bell, a Scottish-born Hong Kong doctor ran as the candidate for the Reform Club became the first woman to be elected to the council. The four candidates who gained the highest votes would have a three-year term and the other two would have only a one-year term.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [33, 33], "content_span": [34, 553]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073803-0002-0000", "contents": "1956 Hong Kong municipal election, Overview\nThe election was noted by its high turnout and the competition between two political groups for the first time. 6,048 of the 14,682 eligible voters cast their ballots, which consisted of 41.2 per cent of the electorate, which was the highest turnout rate in the history of the Urban Council elections. Many of the voters were Chinese.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 43], "content_span": [44, 378]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073803-0003-0000", "contents": "1956 Hong Kong municipal election, Overview\nThe Reform Club of Hong Kong had a decisive victory over the newly established Hong Kong Civic Association which founded two years ago in 1954 by getting all four candidates of its ticket elected, winning four of the six seats. Alison Bell, a Scottish-born Hong Kong doctor ran as the candidate for the Reform Club became the first woman to be elected to the council. Another Club's newcomer was Chan Shu-woon, son of the former Guangdong warlord Chen Jitang.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 43], "content_span": [44, 503]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073803-0003-0001", "contents": "1956 Hong Kong municipal election, Overview\nOnly Li Yiu-bor and Dr. Woo Pak-foo on the Association's six-candidate ticket were elected, while Oswald Cheung and Hilton Cheong-Leen failed to get elected. It was regarded as \"the first time in the Colony's history the election was a 'political' contest between two parties\". The Reform Club supporters who favoured block vote, in which over 4,000 out of at least 4,465 voted according to the Club's ticket, contributed to its victory, while the Civic Association lacked the organisational ability of the Reform Club electorate.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 43], "content_span": [44, 574]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073804-0000-0000", "contents": "1956 Hong Kong riots\nThe Hong Kong 1956 protests, also known as Double Ten riots, were the result of escalating provocations between the pro-ROC camp and local communists in Hong Kong during Double Ten Day, 10 October 1956.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [20, 20], "content_span": [21, 223]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073804-0001-0000", "contents": "1956 Hong Kong riots\nMost violence took place in the town of Tsuen Wan, five miles from central Kowloon. A mob stormed and ransacked a clinic and welfare centre, killing four people.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [20, 20], "content_span": [21, 182]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073804-0002-0000", "contents": "1956 Hong Kong riots\nThe protests spread to other parts of Kowloon including along Nathan Road. By 11 October, some of the mob began targeting foreigners. Protesters in Kowloon turned over a taxi carrying the Swiss Vice Consul Fritz Ernst and his wife on Nathan Road. The protesters doused the cab in gasoline and lit it on fire resulting in the death of the driver and Mrs. Ernst who succumbed to her injuries two days later.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [20, 20], "content_span": [21, 426]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073804-0003-0000", "contents": "1956 Hong Kong riots\nTo quell the protesting, Colonial Secretary Edgeworth B. David ordered extra manpower from the British Forces Hong Kong, including armoured troops of  7th Hussars, to reinforce the Hong Kong Police and disperse the rioters. In total, there were 59 deaths and approximately 500 injuries. Property damage was estimated at US$1,000,000.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [20, 20], "content_span": [21, 354]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073805-0000-0000", "contents": "1956 Houston Cougars football team\nThe 1956 Houston Cougars football team was an American football team that represented the University of Houston in the Missouri Valley Conference (MVC) during the 1956 NCAA University Division football season. In its second and final season under head coach Bill Meek, the team compiled a 7\u20132\u20131 record (4\u20130 against conference opponents) and won the MVC championship. Don Flynn and Ken Wind were the team captains. The team played its home games at Rice Stadium in Houston.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [34, 34], "content_span": [35, 507]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073806-0000-0000", "contents": "1956 Humboldt State Lumberjacks football team\nThe 1956 Humboldt State Lumberjacks football team represented Humboldt State College during the 1956 NCAA College Division football season. Humboldt State competed in the Far Western Conference (FWC).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 45], "section_span": [45, 45], "content_span": [46, 246]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073806-0001-0000", "contents": "1956 Humboldt State Lumberjacks football team\nThe 1956 Lumberjacks were led by sixth-year head coach Phil Sarboe. They played home games at the Redwood Bowl in Arcata, California. Humboldt State finished in a three-way tie for the conference championship, with a record of nine wins and two losses (9\u20132, 4\u20131 FWC). The Lumberjacks outscored their opponents 269\u2013149 for the season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 45], "section_span": [45, 45], "content_span": [46, 379]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073806-0002-0000", "contents": "1956 Humboldt State Lumberjacks football team, Team players in the NFL\nNo Humboldt State players were selected in the 1957 NFL Draft.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 45], "section_span": [47, 70], "content_span": [71, 133]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073807-0000-0000", "contents": "1956 Icelandic parliamentary election\nParliamentary elections were held in Iceland on 24 June 1956. The Independence Party remained the largest party in the Lower House of the Althing, winning 13 of the 35 seats.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [37, 37], "content_span": [38, 212]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073807-0001-0000", "contents": "1956 Icelandic parliamentary election, Electoral system\nThe elections were conducted under two electoral systems. Twenty-one members were elected in single-member constituencies via first-past-the-post voting, while the remainder were elected using D'Hondt method proportional representation: twelve members in two-member constituencies, eight members in Reykjav\u00edk, and eleven from a single national compensatory list. To earn national list seats, a party had to win at least one constituency seat. In constituencies electing two or more members, within the party list, voters had the option to re-rank the candidates and could also strike a candidate out. Allocation of seats to candidates was done using a system based on the Borda count.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [39, 55], "content_span": [56, 740]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073808-0000-0000", "contents": "1956 Icelandic presidential election\nPresidential elections were scheduled to be held in Iceland in 1956. However, incumbent President \u00c1sgeir \u00c1sgeirsson was the only candidate, and the election was uncontested.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [36, 36], "content_span": [37, 210]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073809-0000-0000", "contents": "1956 Idaho Vandals football team\nThe 1956 Idaho Vandals football team represented the University of Idaho in the 1956 NCAA University Division football season. The\u00a0Vandals were led by third-year head coach Skip Stahley and were members of the Pacific Coast Conference. Home\u00a0games were played on campus at Neale Stadium in Moscow, with one home game in Boise at old Bronco Stadium at Boise Junior College. Idaho compiled a 4\u20135 overall record but were 0\u20134 in the PCC. After four losses to open, the Vandals won three straight, then split the final two\u00a0games.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [32, 32], "content_span": [33, 556]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073809-0001-0000", "contents": "1956 Idaho Vandals football team\nAfter road losses to Washington and Oregon, the Vandals suffered a second straight loss in the Battle of the Palouse with neighbor Washington State, falling 19\u201333 at home on October\u00a06. Following the game, skirmishes between student factions provoked the Moscow city police to use tear gas to control the\u00a0situation. The following week, Idaho was depleted by injuries and came out on the short end of a 41-point homecoming shutout by Arizona\u00a0State.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [32, 32], "content_span": [33, 479]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073809-0002-0000", "contents": "1956 Idaho Vandals football team\nThe most recent winning season for Idaho football was 18 years earlier in 1938, and the Vandals were a win shy in\u00a01956. The streak was broken seven years later in\u00a01963.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [32, 32], "content_span": [33, 201]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073809-0003-0000", "contents": "1956 Idaho Vandals football team, Notable players\nThis Vandal team had several players who went on to extended careers in professional football. Jerry Kramer of Sandpoint played eleven seasons at right guard with the Green Bay Packers and won five NFL titles (and the first two Super Bowls) under head coach Vince Lombardi. He was an All-Pro five times and was the lead blocker on the famous Packers sweep. Kramer made the NFL's all-decade team for the 1960s and was the last member of the NFL's 50th anniversary team to be inducted into the Pro Football Hall of Fame, at age 82 in\u00a02018.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 49], "content_span": [50, 587]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073809-0004-0000", "contents": "1956 Idaho Vandals football team, Notable players\nWayne Walker of Boise played fifteen seasons with the Detroit Lions as an outside linebacker and was named All-Pro three times. Both were juniors in 1956 and were selected in the fourth round of the 1958 NFL Draft; Kramer was 39th overall and Walker 45th, and both were periodic placekickers as pros. (As Vandals, Kramer was the kicker and Walker was the long snapper.)", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 49], "content_span": [50, 419]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073809-0005-0000", "contents": "1956 Idaho Vandals football team, Notable players\nJim Prestel of Indianapolis was a defensive tackle for eight seasons in the NFL, primarily with the expansion Minnesota Vikings. A sophomore in 1956, he missed most of the following season due to his mother's terminal illness. Selected in the sixth round of the 1959 NFL Draft, 70th overall, he was granted another year of eligibility and played for Idaho in 1959 and began his pro career with the Cleveland Browns in 1960. Prestel was also a standout player on the Vandal basketball team. He played in his final game at Idaho in the Battle of the Palouse in late October with a broken foot, then was sidelined and missed the basketball\u00a0season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 49], "content_span": [50, 694]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073809-0006-0000", "contents": "1956 Idaho Vandals football team, All-conference\nNo Vandals were on the All-PCC team or the second team. Honorable mention were quarterback Gary\u00a0Johnson, tackle Dick\u00a0Foster, guard Jerry Kramer, and center Wayne Walker.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 48], "content_span": [49, 218]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073809-0007-0000", "contents": "1956 Idaho Vandals football team, NFL Draft\n^ Prestel was granted another year of eligibility and played for Idaho in 1959.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 43], "content_span": [44, 123]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073810-0000-0000", "contents": "1956 Illinois Fighting Illini football team\nThe 1956 Illinois Fighting Illini football team was an American football team that represented the University of Illinois during the 1956 Big Ten Conference football season. In their 15th year under head coach Ray Eliot, the Illini compiled a 2\u20135\u20132 record and finished in a tie for seventh place in the Big Ten Conference.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 43], "section_span": [43, 43], "content_span": [44, 366]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073810-0001-0000", "contents": "1956 Illinois Fighting Illini football team, Game summaries\nOn September 29, 1956, Illinois defeated California, 32\u201320, before a crowd of 54,833 at Memorial Stadium in Champaign, Illinois. The attendance was a Memorial Stadium record for an opening game. California took a 20\u20130 lead, but Illinois scored four touchdowns in the third quarter over a span of six minutes and 36 seconds. Abe Woodson recovered Ray Nitschke's fumble for Illinois' first touchdown.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 43], "section_span": [45, 59], "content_span": [60, 458]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073810-0002-0000", "contents": "1956 Illinois Fighting Illini football team, Game summaries\nOn October 6, Washington defeated Illinois, 28\u201313, before a crowd of 36,261 at Husky Stadium in Seattle. On the opening series of the game, Illinois drove to Washington's two yard line but quarterback Hiles Stout fumbled. Washington recovered the ball, and Dean Derby ran 92 yards for a touchdown.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 43], "section_span": [45, 59], "content_span": [60, 357]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073810-0003-0000", "contents": "1956 Illinois Fighting Illini football team, Game summaries\nOn October 13, Ohio State (ranked No. 5 at the AP Poll) defeated Illinois, 26\u20136, before a crowd of 58,247 at Memorial Stadium in Champaign. Ohio State rushed for 307 yards, aided by the blocking of guard Jim Parker who was selected as the team's most valuable player for the 1956 season. Parker also played on defense and recovered a fumble at the Illinois 10-yard line to set up a touchdown. Quarterback Frank Ellwood rushed for two touchdowns and threw a touchdown pass to Jim Roseboro.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 43], "section_span": [45, 59], "content_span": [60, 548]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073810-0003-0001", "contents": "1956 Illinois Fighting Illini football team, Game summaries\nIt was on the opening kickoff of this game that Illinois linebacker/backup quarterback (and future Green Bay Packers star) Ray Nitschke developed his famous toothless grin when he took a Buckeye helmet in the mouth. Nitschke, who never wore a face guard on his helmet in college, lost his four top front teeth as a result of the play.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 43], "section_span": [45, 59], "content_span": [60, 394]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073810-0004-0000", "contents": "1956 Illinois Fighting Illini football team, Game summaries\nOn October 20, Minnesota defeated Illinois, 16\u201313, before a crowd of 63,037 at Memorial Stadium in Minneapolis. Dick Borstad kicked a field goal with two minutes remaining to put the Golden Gophers in the lead.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 43], "section_span": [45, 59], "content_span": [60, 270]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073810-0005-0000", "contents": "1956 Illinois Fighting Illini football team, Game summaries\nOn October 27, Illinois upset Michigan State, 20\u201313, before a homecoming crowd of 71,119 at Memorial Stadium in Champaign. Michigan State was ranked No. 1 before the game and had its national championship hopes, and a 12-game winning streak, dashed by the defeat. The Spartans led, 13\u20130, at halftime, but Abe Woodson, the Big Ten's indoor sprint champion, led the Illini to 20 unanswered points in the second half. Woodson scored all three Illinois touchdowns: a 70-yard touchdown run, an 82-touchdown reception, and a short touchdown run. Woodson had 116 rushing yards and total gains of 198 yards.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 43], "section_span": [45, 59], "content_span": [60, 659]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073810-0006-0000", "contents": "1956 Illinois Fighting Illini football team, Game summaries\nOn November 3, Illinois and Purdue played to a 7\u20137 tie before a homecoming crowd of 46,166 at Ross\u2013Ade Stadium in West Lafayette.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 43], "section_span": [45, 59], "content_span": [60, 189]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073810-0007-0000", "contents": "1956 Illinois Fighting Illini football team, Game summaries\nOn November 10, Michigan (ranked No. 10 in the AP Poll) defeated Illinois, 17\u20137, before a crowd of 75,470 at Michigan Stadium. Illinois scored a touchdown on its first possession but was held scoreless for the remainder of the game. Michigan came back with rushing touchdowns by Jim Pace and Jim Byers and a field goal by Ron Kramer. Michigan rushed for 328 yards, including 120 yards by Jim Pace.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 43], "section_span": [45, 59], "content_span": [60, 457]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073810-0008-0000", "contents": "1956 Illinois Fighting Illini football team, Game summaries\nOn November 17, Illinois and Wisconsin played to a 13\u201313 tie before a crowd of 52,858 at Memorial Stadium in Champaign. Illinois led 13\u20136 at halftime. With slightly more than three minutes left in the game, Wisconsin end Sidney Williams threw a 34-yard pass to Danny Lewis on the nine-yard line, setting up a touchdown run on the next play. Williams' pass was his first of the season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 43], "section_span": [45, 59], "content_span": [60, 444]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073810-0009-0000", "contents": "1956 Illinois Fighting Illini football team, Game summaries\nOn November 24, in the annual Illinois\u2013Northwestern football rivalry game, Northwestern defeated Illinois, 14\u201313, before a crowd of 40,000 at Dyche Stadium in Evanston. Bob McKelver kicked two extra points for Northwestern, which proved to be the difference in a game in which each team scored two touchdowns.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 43], "section_span": [45, 59], "content_span": [60, 369]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073810-0010-0000", "contents": "1956 Illinois Fighting Illini football team, Awards and statistics\nHalfback Abe Woodson was selected as a first-team All-Big Ten player by both the Associated Press and United Press. Woodson was drafted in the second round, 15th overall pick, of the 1957 NFL Draft.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 43], "section_span": [45, 66], "content_span": [67, 265]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073810-0011-0000", "contents": "1956 Illinois Fighting Illini football team, Awards and statistics\nGuard Dave Walker was selected as the team's most valuable player.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 43], "section_span": [45, 66], "content_span": [67, 133]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073810-0012-0000", "contents": "1956 Illinois Fighting Illini football team, Awards and statistics\nIllinois' statistical leaders in 1956 included Hiles Stout with 278 passing yards, Abe Woodson with 599 rushing yards, and Woodson with 257 receiving yards.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 43], "section_span": [45, 66], "content_span": [67, 223]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073811-0000-0000", "contents": "1956 Illinois elections\nElections were held in Illinois on Tuesday, November 6, 1956.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [23, 23], "content_span": [24, 85]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073811-0001-0000", "contents": "1956 Illinois elections\nThe results strongly favored the Republican Party, which retained control both chambers of the Illinois General Assembly as well as all statewide elected executive offices. They also won the state in the presidential election, retained the U.S. Senate seat up for election, and flipped a single U.S. House seat.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [23, 23], "content_span": [24, 335]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073811-0002-0000", "contents": "1956 Illinois elections, Election information, Turnout\nIn the primary election turnout was 36.96%, with a total of 1,839,577 ballots cast (961,999 Democratic and 877,578 Republican).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 54], "content_span": [55, 182]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073811-0003-0000", "contents": "1956 Illinois elections, Election information, Turnout\nIn the general election turnout was 85.95%, with a total of 4,484,956 ballots cast.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 54], "content_span": [55, 138]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073811-0004-0000", "contents": "1956 Illinois elections, Federal elections, United States President\nIllinois voted for the Republican ticket of Dwight D. Eisenhower and Richard Nixon. For the second consecutive election, Illinois' vote for the Republican Eisenhower-Nixon ticket came despite the fact that former Illinois Governor Adlai Stevenson II was the Democratic presidential nominee.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 67], "content_span": [68, 358]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073811-0005-0000", "contents": "1956 Illinois elections, Federal elections, United States Senate\nRepublican Senator Everett Dirksen was reelected to a second term.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 64], "content_span": [65, 131]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073811-0006-0000", "contents": "1956 Illinois elections, Federal elections, United States House\nAll 25 Illinois seats in the United States House of Representatives were up for election in 1956.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 63], "content_span": [64, 161]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073811-0007-0000", "contents": "1956 Illinois elections, Federal elections, United States House\nThe Republicans flipped one Democratic-held seat, leaving the composition of Illinois' House delegation to consist of 14 Republicans and 11 Democrats.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 63], "content_span": [64, 214]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073811-0008-0000", "contents": "1956 Illinois elections, State elections, Governor\nIncumbent Governor William Stratton, a Republican, narrowly won reelection to a second term.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 50], "content_span": [51, 143]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073811-0009-0000", "contents": "1956 Illinois elections, State elections, Governor, General election\nHerbert C. Paschen was replaced by Richard B. Austin as Democratic nominee.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 68], "content_span": [69, 144]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073811-0010-0000", "contents": "1956 Illinois elections, State elections, Lieutenant Governor\nIncumbent Lieutenant Governor John William Chapman, a Republican, won reelection to a second term.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 61], "content_span": [62, 160]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073811-0011-0000", "contents": "1956 Illinois elections, State elections, Attorney General\nIncumbent Attorney General Latham Castle, a Republican, was elected to a second term.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 58], "content_span": [59, 144]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073811-0012-0000", "contents": "1956 Illinois elections, State elections, Secretary of State\nIncumbent Secretary of State Charles F. Carpentier, a Republican, was reelected to a second term.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 60], "content_span": [61, 158]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073811-0013-0000", "contents": "1956 Illinois elections, State elections, Auditor of Public Accounts\nAuditor of Public Accounts Orville Hodge, who had been elected in 1952, was seeking re-election and had won the Republican primary before being charged with 54 counts of bank fraud, embezzlement and forgery relating to a $6.15 million fraud he committed against the state; Hodge was removed from office, pleaded guilty and was sentenced to 12 to 15 years in prison.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 68], "content_span": [69, 434]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073811-0014-0000", "contents": "1956 Illinois elections, State elections, Auditor of Public Accounts\nLloyd Morey was appointed in 1957 to replace Hodge, but decided  not to seek reelection. Republican Elbert S. Smith was elected to succeed Morey.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 68], "content_span": [69, 214]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073811-0015-0000", "contents": "1956 Illinois elections, State elections, Treasurer\nIncumbent Treasurer Warren Wright, a Republican, did not seek reelection to a second-consecutive (third overall) term, instead opting to run (ultimately unsuccessfully) for the Republican nomination for governor. Republican Elmer J. Hoffman was elected to succeed him in office, earning Hoffman a second non-consecutive term as Treasurer.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 51], "content_span": [52, 390]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073811-0016-0000", "contents": "1956 Illinois elections, State elections, Treasurer\nThis was the first Illinois Treasurer election to a four-year term, as voters approved a constitutional amendment in 1954 which extended term length from two to four-years beginning in 1956.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 51], "content_span": [52, 242]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073811-0017-0000", "contents": "1956 Illinois elections, State elections, Clerk of the Supreme Court\nIncumbent Clerk of the Supreme Court Fae Searcy, a Republican appointed after the death in office of her husband Earle Benjamin Searcy, won reelection to a first full term.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 68], "content_span": [69, 241]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073811-0018-0000", "contents": "1956 Illinois elections, State elections, Clerk of the Supreme Court\nInstead of being listed by her own name, Searcy opted to be listed on the ballot in both the primary and general election as \"Ms. Earle Benjamin Searcy\".", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 68], "content_span": [69, 222]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073811-0019-0000", "contents": "1956 Illinois elections, State elections, State Senate\nSeats of the Illinois Senate were up for election in 1960. Republicans retained control of the chamber.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 54], "content_span": [55, 158]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073811-0020-0000", "contents": "1956 Illinois elections, State elections, State House of Representatives\nSeats in the Illinois House of Representatives were up for election in 1956. Republicans retained control of the chamber.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 72], "content_span": [73, 194]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073811-0021-0000", "contents": "1956 Illinois elections, State elections, Trustees of University of Illinois\nAn election using cumulative voting was held for three of the nine seats for Trustees of University of Illinois. All three Republican nominees won. The election was for 6-year terms.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 76], "content_span": [77, 259]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073811-0022-0000", "contents": "1956 Illinois elections, State elections, Trustees of University of Illinois\nIncumbent Republican Wayne A. Johnston  won a second term. Incumbent Republican Timothy W. Swain, appointed in 1955 after the resignation of Red Grange, won election to his first full term. Also, joining them in winning election, was Republican Earl M. Hughes. Incumbent first-term Republican Herbert B. Megran had not been nominated for reelection.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 76], "content_span": [77, 426]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073811-0023-0000", "contents": "1956 Illinois elections, State elections, Judicial elections\nOn April 10, special elections were held for vacancies on the Third and Sixteenth Judicial Circuit Districts. On November 2, special elections were held for three vacancies on the Superior Court of Cook County.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 60], "content_span": [61, 271]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073811-0024-0000", "contents": "1956 Illinois elections, State elections, Ballot measures\nTwo ballot measures, were put before Illinois voters in 1956.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 57], "content_span": [58, 119]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073811-0025-0000", "contents": "1956 Illinois elections, State elections, Ballot measures, General Banking Law Amendment\nVoters approved the General Banking Law Amendment a legislatively referred state statute which modified the state's banking law.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 88], "content_span": [89, 217]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073811-0026-0000", "contents": "1956 Illinois elections, State elections, Ballot measures, Revenue Amendment\nThe Revenue Amendment, a legislatively referred constitutional amendment which would have amended Article IX Sections 1, 2, 3, 9 and 10 and repeal Article IX Section 13 of the 1870 Constitution of Illinois to give more leeway to the legislature in creating tax policy, while specifically forbidding the authorization of a graduated income tax, failed to meet either threshold for adoption. In order for constitutional amendments to pass, they required either two-thirds support among those specifically voting on the measure or 50% support among all ballots cast in the elections.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 76], "content_span": [77, 657]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073812-0000-0000", "contents": "1956 Illinois gubernatorial election\nThe 1956 Illinois gubernatorial election was held in Illinois on November 6, 1956. Incumbent Governor William Stratton, a Republican, narrowly won reelection to a second term. Stratton's narrow victory came despite the fact that the Republican ticket of Dwight D. Eisenhower and Richard Nixon carried the state of Illinois in a landslide in the presidential election.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [36, 36], "content_span": [37, 404]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073812-0001-0000", "contents": "1956 Illinois gubernatorial election, Election information\nThe primaries and general election both coincided with those for federal offices (United States President, House, and United States Senate) and those for other state offices. The election was part of the 1956 Illinois elections.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 58], "content_span": [59, 287]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073812-0002-0000", "contents": "1956 Illinois gubernatorial election, Election information, Turnout\nIn the primaries, turnout was 32.56%, with a total of 1,620,871 votes cast.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 67], "content_span": [68, 143]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073812-0003-0000", "contents": "1956 Illinois gubernatorial election, Election information, Turnout\nIn the general election, turnout was 82.69%, with a total of 4,314,611 ballots cast.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 67], "content_span": [68, 152]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073812-0004-0000", "contents": "1956 Illinois gubernatorial election, Primaries, Democratic primary\nCook County Treasurer Herbert C. Paschen won the Democratic primary.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 67], "content_span": [68, 136]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073812-0005-0000", "contents": "1956 Illinois gubernatorial election, General election\nDemocratic nominee Herbert C. Paschen became embroiled in scandal related to his tenure as Cook County Treasurer. Paschen withdrew as the nominee. Paschen was replaced by Richard B. Austin as Democratic nominee.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 54], "content_span": [55, 266]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073813-0000-0000", "contents": "1956 Indian Rajya Sabha elections\nRajya Sabha elections were held in 1956, to elect members of the Rajya Sabha, Indian Parliament's upper chamber.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [33, 33], "content_span": [34, 146]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073813-0001-0000", "contents": "1956 Indian Rajya Sabha elections, Elections\nElections were held in 1956 to elect members from various states. The list is incomplete.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 44], "content_span": [45, 134]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073813-0002-0000", "contents": "1956 Indian Rajya Sabha elections, Elections, Members elected\nThe following members are elected in the elections held in 1956. They are members for the term 1956-62 and retire in year 1962, except in case of the resignation or death before the term.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 61], "content_span": [62, 249]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073813-0003-0000", "contents": "1956 Indian Rajya Sabha elections, Bye-elections\nThe following bye elections were held in the year 1956.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 48], "content_span": [49, 104]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073814-0000-0000", "contents": "1956 Indiana Hoosiers football team\nThe 1956 Indiana Hoosiers football team was an American football team that represented the Indiana Hoosiers in the 1956 Big Ten Conference football season. The Hoosiers played their home games at Memorial Stadium in Bloomington, Indiana. The team was coached by Bernie Crimmins, in his fifth and final year as head coach of the Hoosiers. On November 28, 1956, Crimmins, at age 37, resigned as Indiana's head football coach. He had compiled a 13\u201332 record and was unable to produce a winning team in five years in the position.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [35, 35], "content_span": [36, 562]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073814-0001-0000", "contents": "1956 Indiana Hoosiers football team\nThe team's statistical leaders included Steve Filipowski with 391 passing yards, Bob Fee with 621 rushing yards, and Brad Bomba with 407 receiving yards. Bomba's receiving yardage also led the Big Ten.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [35, 35], "content_span": [36, 237]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073814-0002-0000", "contents": "1956 Indiana Hoosiers football team, Game summaries\nOn September 29, 1956, Iowa defeated Indiana, 27\u20130, before a crowd of 25,000 at Memorial Stadium in Bloomington, Indiana, for the first conference game of the 1956 season. Iowa scored two touchdowns in the first quarter off an Indiana fumble and an interception. Iowa rushed for 242 yards to 76 yards for Indiana.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 51], "content_span": [52, 365]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073814-0003-0000", "contents": "1956 Indiana Hoosiers football team, Game summaries\nOn October 6, Notre Dame (ranked No. 17 in the AP Poll) defeated Indiana, 20\u20136, before a crowd of 58,372 at Notre Dame Stadium in South Bend, Indiana.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 51], "content_span": [52, 202]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073814-0004-0000", "contents": "1956 Indiana Hoosiers football team, Game summaries\nOn October 13, Michigan State (ranked No. 2 in the AP Poll) defeated Indiana, 53\u20136, before a crowd of 58,858 at Macklin Stadium in East Lansing, Michigan. The Spartans gained 264 rushing yards and 204 passing yards. Clarence Peaks also returned a punt 63 yards for a touchdown. Michigan State played backups for much of the second half with a total of 50 Spartans seeing game action. The outcome was Indiana's worst defeat since 1948.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 51], "content_span": [52, 486]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073814-0005-0000", "contents": "1956 Indiana Hoosiers football team, Game summaries\nOn October 20, Indiana defeated Nebraska, 19\u201314, before a crowd of 38,000 at Memorial Stadium in Lincoln, Nebraska. Nebraska led, 14\u20130, at halftime, but Indiana rallied for two touchdowns in the fourth quarter. The result was Indiana's first win of the season. Brad Bomba caught six passes in the game.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 51], "content_span": [52, 354]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073814-0006-0000", "contents": "1956 Indiana Hoosiers football team, Game summaries\nOn October 27, Indiana defeated Northwestern, 19\u201313, before a homecoming crowd of 23,000 at Memorial Stadium in Bloomington. The game was tied, 13\u201313, at halftime. Indiana intercepted a Northwestern pass with four minutes remaining to set up the winning touchdown.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 51], "content_span": [52, 316]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073814-0007-0000", "contents": "1956 Indiana Hoosiers football team, Game summaries\nOn November 3, Indiana defeated Marquette, 19\u201313, before a crowd of approximately 21,000 at Memorial Stadium in Bloomington. In the fourth quarter, Indiana's Arnold Steeves recovered a fumble at Marquette's 43-yard line to set up the winning touchdown.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 51], "content_span": [52, 304]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073814-0008-0000", "contents": "1956 Indiana Hoosiers football team, Game summaries\nOn November 10, Ohio State (ranked No. 7 in the AP Poll) defeated Indiana, 35\u201314, before a crowd of 82,073 at Ohio Stadium in Columbus. The victory was Ohio State's 17th in a row against conference opponents, setting a new conference record. The Buckeyes also broke the Big Ten single-game record with 465 rushing yards against the Hoosiers.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 51], "content_span": [52, 393]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073814-0009-0000", "contents": "1956 Indiana Hoosiers football team, Game summaries\nOn November 17, Michigan defeated Indiana, 49\u201326, before a crowd of 58,515 at Michigan Stadium in Ann Arbor. Michigan led, 35\u20130, at halftime and gained for 427 yards (275 rushing, 142 passing) in the game. Michigan's Terry Barr scored three touchdowns in the game.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 51], "content_span": [52, 316]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073814-0010-0000", "contents": "1956 Indiana Hoosiers football team, Game summaries\nOn November 24, in the annual battle for the Old Oaken Bucket, Purdue defeated Indiana, 39\u201320, at Ross\u2013Ade Stadium in Lafayette, Indiana. In his final college game, Purdue quarterback Len Dawson threw two touchdown passes, both caught by end Lamar Lundy. Mel Dillard rushed for 130 yards and three touchdowns in the game and a conference high 873 yards for the season. The game proved to be a battle for last place in the conference, with Purdue finishing in ninth place and Indiana in tenth and last place.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 51], "content_span": [52, 559]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073815-0000-0000", "contents": "1956 Indiana gubernatorial election\nThe 1956 Indiana gubernatorial election was held on November 6, 1956. Republican nominee Harold W. Handley defeated Democratic nominee Ralph Tucker with 55.61% of the vote.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [35, 35], "content_span": [36, 208]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073816-0000-0000", "contents": "1956 Indianapolis 500\nThe 40th International 500-Mile Sweepstakes was held at the Indianapolis Motor Speedway on Wednesday, May 30, 1956. The event was part of the 1956 USAC National Championship Trail and was also race 3 of  8 in the 1956 World Championship of Drivers.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [21, 21], "content_span": [22, 270]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073816-0001-0000", "contents": "1956 Indianapolis 500\nThe 1956 race was the first to be governed by the United States Automobile Club. AAA withdrew from auto racing the previous August. Another change would have a more immediate effect on the current race. The track had been paved over with asphalt with only about 600 yards of the main stretch still remaining brick.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [21, 21], "content_span": [22, 336]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073816-0002-0000", "contents": "1956 Indianapolis 500\nThe 1956 race is also known in Indy 500 lore as \"Cagle's Miracle.\" Torrential rains pummeled the Speedway in the days leading up to the race. The track was full of standing water, access tunnels were completely flooded, and the infield was a muddy quagmire. The conditions threatened to postpone or outright cancel the race. Speedway superintendent Clarence Cagle supervised a massive cleanup effort, in which hundreds of thousands of gallons of water were pumped out of the tunnels and the infield. Cagle and his crew worked non-stop for 48 hours straight, some without sleep, and had the track ready just in time for race morning.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [21, 21], "content_span": [22, 654]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073816-0003-0000", "contents": "1956 Indianapolis 500, Time trials\nTime trials was scheduled for four days, but the third day was rained out. With the new surface, a new track record was expected. Pat Flaherty did not disappoint with a pole speed of 145.596\u00a0mph (234.314\u00a0km/h), over 4.5\u00a0mph (7.2\u00a0km/h) faster than the 1954 record. 29 drivers qualified opening weekend. The second weekend saw heavy rain that completely canceled Saturday and left only a small window on Sunday for 4 drivers to fill the field. Nino Farina was one of the drivers left out when he didn't get a chance to qualify his Bardahl-Ferrari.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [23, 34], "content_span": [35, 580]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073816-0004-0000", "contents": "1956 Indianapolis 500, Race summary\nThe early part of the race turned into a three-man duel between Russo, O'Connor, and Flaherty. Russo was the first to retire when his tire failed and his car crashed and caught fire. At quarter distance due to yellows and the pit stops, Parsons took the lead followed by Freeland. By the 200-mile (320\u00a0km) mark Flaherty took over the lead followed by Freeland, Sweikert, and Parsons but Hanks was working his way through the fields after sustaining some damage in the Russo crash, eventually taking second.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [23, 35], "content_span": [36, 542]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073816-0004-0001", "contents": "1956 Indianapolis 500, Race summary\nFlaherty had built up such a lead that he was able to make his last pit stop and remain in front. He crossed the finish line with Hanks the only other car on the lead lap. The only real change in the top cars toward the end was both O'Connor and Jim Rathmann having to drop back with mechanical problems while both drivers were in the top 5.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [23, 35], "content_span": [36, 377]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073816-0005-0000", "contents": "1956 Indianapolis 500, Broadcasting, Radio\nThe race was carried live on the IMS Radio Network. Sid Collins served as chief announcer. The broadcast was carried by over 280 affiliates, as well as Armed Forces Radio. The broadcast came on-air at 10:45 a.m. local time, fifteen minutes prior to the start of the race. This was the final broadcast based out of the old wooden Pagoda, which was demolished after the race.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [23, 42], "content_span": [43, 416]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073816-0006-0000", "contents": "1956 Indianapolis 500, Broadcasting, Radio\nThis was also the final year to have only two turn reporters (\"south turns\" and \"north turns\"). Beginning in 1957, the crew would be expanded to have one reporter in each of the four turns.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [23, 42], "content_span": [43, 232]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073817-0000-0000", "contents": "1956 Individual Speedway World Championship\nThe 1956 Individual Speedway World Championship was the 11th edition of the official World Championship to determine the world champion rider.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 43], "section_span": [43, 43], "content_span": [44, 186]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073817-0001-0000", "contents": "1956 Individual Speedway World Championship\nThe World final was sponsored by the Sunday Dispatch and was televised live. Despite being televised a crowd of 65,000 saw the first Scandinavian winner in 23 year old Ove Fundin from Sweden.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 43], "section_span": [43, 43], "content_span": [44, 235]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073817-0002-0000", "contents": "1956 Individual Speedway World Championship, Continental Final\nFritz Dirtl was tragically killed competing in the Continental final. He was involved in a crash with fellow Austrian rider Josef Kamper and the fell into the path of Mieczys\u0142aw Po\u0142ukard.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 43], "section_span": [45, 62], "content_span": [63, 250]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073817-0003-0000", "contents": "1956 Individual Speedway World Championship, World final, Classification\nm - exclusion for exceeding two minute time allowance \u2022  t - exclusion for touching the tapes \u2022  x - other exclusion \u2022  e - retired or mechanical failure \u2022  f - fell \u2022  ns - non-starter \u2022  nc - non-classify", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 43], "section_span": [45, 72], "content_span": [73, 279]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073818-0000-0000", "contents": "1956 International Cross Country Championships\nThe 1956 International Cross Country Championships was held in Belfast, Northern Ireland, at the Royal Ulster Showground on 17 March 1956. In addition, an unofficial women's championship was held the same day at Upminster, England on 17 March 1956. A report on the men's event as well as the women's event was given in the Glasgow Herald.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 46], "section_span": [46, 46], "content_span": [47, 385]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073818-0001-0000", "contents": "1956 International Cross Country Championships\nComplete results for men, and for women (unofficial), medallists,  and the results of British athletes were published.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 46], "section_span": [46, 46], "content_span": [47, 165]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073818-0002-0000", "contents": "1956 International Cross Country Championships, Participation, Men's\nAn unofficial count yields the participation of 70 male athletes from 8 countries.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 46], "section_span": [48, 68], "content_span": [69, 151]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073818-0003-0000", "contents": "1956 International Cross Country Championships, Participation, Women's\nAn unofficial count yields the participation of 12 female athletes from 2 countries.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 46], "section_span": [48, 70], "content_span": [71, 155]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073819-0000-0000", "contents": "1956 Iowa Hawkeyes football team\nThe 1956 Iowa Hawkeyes football team was an American football team that represented the University of Iowa in the 1956 Big Ten Conference football season. The Hawkeyes were champions of the Big Ten Conference and beat the Oregon State Beavers in the 1957 Rose Bowl, a rematch of a regular season game.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [32, 32], "content_span": [33, 334]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073819-0001-0000", "contents": "1956 Iowa Hawkeyes football team\nThe team's statistical leaders included quarterback Ken Ploen with 386 passing yards, Ploen with 487 rushing yards, Ploen with 873 total yards, and Jim Gibbons with 255 receiving yards. Tackle Alex Karras was selected as a first-team All-American.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [32, 32], "content_span": [33, 280]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073819-0002-0000", "contents": "1956 Iowa Hawkeyes football team, Game summaries, Indiana\nOn September 29, 1956, Iowa defeated Indiana, 27\u20130, before a crowd of 25,000 at Memorial Stadium in Bloomington, Indiana. Iowa scored two touchdowns in the first quarter off an Indiana fumble and an interception. Iowa rushed for 242 yards to 76 yards for Indiana.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 57], "content_span": [58, 321]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073819-0003-0000", "contents": "1956 Iowa Hawkeyes football team, Game summaries, Oregon State\nOn October 6, Iowa (ranked No. 20 in the AP Poll) defeated Oregon State, 14\u201313, before a crowd of 41,027 at Iowa Stadium in Iowa City. The game matched the same teams that met again in the 1957 Rose Bowl. Oregon State scored on its second play from scrimmage on a 30-yard pass, but the extra point attempt was blocked. Oregon State scored again in the third quarter on a 49-yard run by Paul Lowe and led, 13\u20130, at the start of the fourth quarter. Iowa threw two touchdown passes in a span of six minutes in the fourth quarter to secure the victory.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 62], "content_span": [63, 611]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073819-0004-0000", "contents": "1956 Iowa Hawkeyes football team, Game summaries, Wisconsin\nOn October 13, Iowa defeated Wisconsin, 13\u20137, before a crowd of 53,273 at Iowa Stadium. With only a minute remaining in the first half, Iowa drove 84 yards, running eight plays in 59 seconds and scoring on a pitchout from Ken Ploen to Mike Hagler. Iowa scored again on the first drive of the second half on a short run by Ploen, taking a 13\u20130 lead.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 59], "content_span": [60, 408]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073819-0005-0000", "contents": "1956 Iowa Hawkeyes football team, Game summaries, Hawaii\nOn October 20, Iowa defeated Hawaii, 34\u20130, at Iowa Stadium in Iowa City. Iowa led, 14\u20130, at halftime and played second, third and fourth-string players in the second half, with a total of 42 Hawkeyes seeing game action. Iowa rushed for 266 yards and held Hawaii to 67 rushing yards.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 56], "content_span": [57, 339]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073819-0006-0000", "contents": "1956 Iowa Hawkeyes football team, Game summaries, Purdue\nOn October 27, Iowa (ranked No. 12 in the AP Poll) defeated Purdue, 21\u201320, before a crowd of 41,415 at Ross\u2013Ade Stadium in West Lafayette. Purdue quarterback Len Dawson threw two touchdown passes, and Mel Dillard ran for a third. Iowa also scored three touchdowns, with the difference being a missed extra point. Purdue drove into Iowa territory late in the game, but Purdue fumbled at the 25-yard line with a minute and a half remaining in the game.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 56], "content_span": [57, 507]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073819-0007-0000", "contents": "1956 Iowa Hawkeyes football team, Game summaries, Michigan\nOn November 3, Michigan (ranked No. 17 in the AP Poll) defeated Iowa (ranked No. 7 in the AP Poll) by a 17\u201314 score before a crowd of 58,137 at Iowa Stadium in Iowa City. The loss was the only one of the year for Iowa. Iowa had not beaten Michigan since 1924. Michigan took a 3\u20130 lead in the first quarter on a field goal by Ron Kramer. Iowa then scored two touchdowns and led, 14\u20133, at halftime.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 58], "content_span": [59, 455]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073819-0007-0001", "contents": "1956 Iowa Hawkeyes football team, Game summaries, Michigan\nOne of the Iowa touchdowns was set up when Michigan's quarterback was sacked and fumbled with Alex Karras recovering the ball for Iowa. Michigan's third-string halfback, Mike Shatusky, scored two touchdowns in the second half, a three-yard run in the third quarter and a two-yard plunge with one minute and six seconds remaining in the game.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 58], "content_span": [59, 400]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073819-0008-0000", "contents": "1956 Iowa Hawkeyes football team, Game summaries, Minnesota\nOn November 10, Iowa (ranked No. 15 in the AP Poll) defeated Minnesota (ranked No. 6), 7\u20130, before a crowd of 64,235 at Memorial Stadium in Minneapolis. Iowa coach implemented a 6-3-2 defense to contain Minnesota's speedy Bobby Cox. After the game, Cox noted: \"I couldn't go outside. They forced me to go inside and then some linebacker would nail me.\" The outcome put Iowa into the lead in the race for the conference's Rose Bowl bid. After the game, Iowa's players carried coach Evashevski off the field on their shoulders.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 59], "content_span": [60, 585]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073819-0009-0000", "contents": "1956 Iowa Hawkeyes football team, Game summaries, Ohio State\nOn November 17, Iowa (ranked No. 7 in the AP Poll) defeated Ohio State (ranked No. 6), 6\u20130, before a crowd of 57,732 at Iowa Stadium. Ohio State went into the game with the second best rushing attack in the country but were held to 147 rushing yards, their lowest rushing yardage total in two years. The result broke Ohio State's winning streak of 17 games against conference opponents and clinched for Iowa the conference championship and a berth in the Rose Bowl. After time expired, Iowa fans hauled down the goal posts and paraded through Iowa City.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 60], "content_span": [61, 614]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073819-0010-0000", "contents": "1956 Iowa Hawkeyes football team, Game summaries, Notre Dame\nOn November 24, Iowa (ranked No. 3) defeated Notre Dame, 48\u20138, before a crowd of 56,632 at Iowa Stadium. The victory, combined with Ohio State's loss, gave Iowa its first undisputed Big Ten championship since 1922. Iowa's 48 points was the fourth highest total allowed by a Notre Dame football team to that point in the program's history. Paul Hornung sprained a thumb 10 minutes into the game and did not return. Iowa rushed for 409 yards and scored on runs of 10 and 41 yards by Ken Ploen, 23 and 61 yards by Fred Harris, and 54 yards by Mike Hagler.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 60], "content_span": [61, 613]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073819-0011-0000", "contents": "1956 Iowa Hawkeyes football team, Game summaries, Rose Bowl\nOn January 1, 1957, Iowa defeated Oregon State, 35\u201319, in the 1957 Rose Bowl. Iowa scored five touchdowns, including a 49-yard touchdown run by Ken Ploen and a 66-yard touchdown run by Collins Hagler.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 59], "content_span": [60, 260]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073819-0012-0000", "contents": "1956 Iowa Hawkeyes football team, Postseason awards\nThree Iowa players were picked by the Associated Press (AP) and/or the United Press (UP) as first-team players on the 1956 All-Big Ten Conference football team. They were:", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 51], "content_span": [52, 223]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073819-0013-0000", "contents": "1956 Iowa Hawkeyes football team, Postseason awards\nKarras also received first-team honors on the 1956 College Football All-America Team from the Associated Press, the Football Writers Association of America, and the Central Press.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 51], "content_span": [52, 231]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073819-0014-0000", "contents": "1956 Iowa Hawkeyes football team, Postseason awards\nOn December 3, 1956, both the Associated Press (AP) and United Press (UP) released their final college football polls. Both organizations ranked undefeated Oklahoma at the No. 1 spot with Iowa at No. 3.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 51], "content_span": [52, 254]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073819-0015-0000", "contents": "1956 Iowa Hawkeyes football team, Postseason awards\nOn December 4, 1956, the Heisman Trophy was awarded to Paul Hornung of Notre Dame. Iowa quarterback Ken Ploen placed ninth in the voting.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 51], "content_span": [52, 189]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073819-0016-0000", "contents": "1956 Iowa Hawkeyes football team, Postseason awards\nOn December 16, 1957, Iowa quarterback Ken Ploen received the Chicago Tribune Silver Football trophy as the most valuable player in the Big Ten.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 51], "content_span": [52, 196]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073820-0000-0000", "contents": "1956 Iowa Senate election\nThe 1956 Iowa State Senate elections took place as part of the biennial 1956 United States elections. Iowa voters elected state senators in 29 of the state senate's 50 districts. State senators serve four-year terms in the Iowa State Senate.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [25, 25], "content_span": [26, 267]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073820-0001-0000", "contents": "1956 Iowa Senate election\nA statewide map of the 50 state Senate districts in the year 1956 is provided by the Iowa General Assembly", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [25, 25], "content_span": [26, 132]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073820-0002-0000", "contents": "1956 Iowa Senate election\nThe primary election on June 4, 1956 determined which candidates appeared on the November 6, 1956 general election ballot.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [25, 25], "content_span": [26, 148]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073820-0003-0000", "contents": "1956 Iowa Senate election\nFollowing the previous election, Republicans had control of the Iowa state Senate with 44 seats to Democrats' 6 seats.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [25, 25], "content_span": [26, 144]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073820-0004-0000", "contents": "1956 Iowa Senate election\nTo claim control of the chamber from Republicans, the Democrats needed to net 20 Senate seats.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [25, 25], "content_span": [26, 120]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073820-0005-0000", "contents": "1956 Iowa Senate election\nRepublicans maintained control of the Iowa State Senate following the 1956 general election with the balance of power shifting to Republicans holding 40 seats and Democrats having 10 seats (a net gain of 4 seats for Democrats).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [25, 25], "content_span": [26, 253]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073821-0000-0000", "contents": "1956 Iowa State Cyclones football team\nThe 1956 Iowa State Cyclones football team represented Iowa State College of Agricultural and Mechanic Arts (later renamed Iowa State University) in the Big Seven Conference during the 1956 NCAA University Division football season. In their third and final year under head coach Vince DiFrancesca, the Cyclones compiled a 2\u20138 record (0\u20136 against conference opponents), finished in last place in the conference, and were outscored by their opponents by a combined total of 260 to 92. They played their home games at Clyde Williams Field in Ames, Iowa.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [38, 38], "content_span": [39, 589]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073821-0001-0000", "contents": "1956 Iowa State Cyclones football team\nThe team's regular starting lineup on offense consisted of left end Brian Dennis, left tackle Oliver Sparks, left guard Ron Bredeson, center Frank Powell, right guard Ralph Losee, right tackle Andris Poncius, right end Gale Gibson, quarterback Charles Martin, left halfback Jack Hansen, right halfback Bob Harden, and fullback Marv Walter. Chuck Muelhaupt and Oliver Sparks were the team captains.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [38, 38], "content_span": [39, 436]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073821-0002-0000", "contents": "1956 Iowa State Cyclones football team\nThe team's statistical leaders included Bob Harden with 244 rushing yards and 24 points (four touchdowns), Phil Hill with 205 passing yards, and John Scheldrup with 140 receiving yards. No Iowa State players were selected as first-team all-conference players.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [38, 38], "content_span": [39, 298]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073822-0000-0000", "contents": "1956 Iowa gubernatorial election\nThe 1956 Iowa gubernatorial election was held on November 6, 1956. Democratic nominee Herschel C. Loveless defeated incumbent Republican Leo Hoegh with 51.22% of the vote.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [32, 32], "content_span": [33, 204]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073823-0000-0000", "contents": "1956 Iranian legislative election\nParliamentary elections were held in Iran in 1956. The result was a victory for the Party of Nationalists, which won 71 of the 136 seats.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [33, 33], "content_span": [34, 171]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073824-0000-0000", "contents": "1956 Irish Greyhound Derby\nThe 1956 Irish Greyhound Derby took place during July and August with the final being held at Shelbourne Park in Dublin on 11 August 1956.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [26, 26], "content_span": [27, 165]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073824-0001-0000", "contents": "1956 Irish Greyhound Derby\nThe winner Keep Moving won \u00a3500 and was trained by Malachy McKenna and owned by Mrs McBride.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [26, 26], "content_span": [27, 119]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073824-0002-0000", "contents": "1956 Irish Greyhound Derby, Competition Report\nThe 1956 Derby resulted in an exciting competition despite the fact that Spanish Battleship was now retired. A greyhound called Keep Moving broke the track record at Shelbourne, recording 29.49 before the event got underway. He had been bought for 700 guineas by Mrs McBride at the Shelbourne sales.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [28, 46], "content_span": [47, 346]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073824-0003-0000", "contents": "1956 Irish Greyhound Derby, Competition Report\nOn 21 July Keep Moving bettered his own record by recording 29.40 in the first round. Then in heat three of the first round, a brindle dog called Prince of Bermuda was fast away and gained an easy victory; when the time was announced as 28.98 the Irish greyhound world was left stunned. The 29 second barrier had been broken for the first time.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [28, 46], "content_span": [47, 391]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073824-0004-0000", "contents": "1956 Irish Greyhound Derby, Competition Report\nBoth of the greyhounds won their second round heats with Prince of Bermuda posting 29.20. In the semi-finals the pair met in the same heat with Prince of Bermuda defeating his main rival by three lengths in 29.35. The second semi-final ended with a win for Baytown Dell; The Glider and Easter Orals claimed the remaining qualification berths.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [28, 46], "content_span": [47, 389]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073824-0005-0000", "contents": "1956 Irish Greyhound Derby, Competition Report\nIn an eagerly awaited final Keep Moving broke first with Prince of Bermuda attempting but failing to pass at the first bend. Keep Moving ran a superb race in 29.10 to hold off Prince of Bermuda for victory by two and a half lengths.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [28, 46], "content_span": [47, 279]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073825-0000-0000", "contents": "1956 Isle of Man TT\nThe 1956 Isle of Man TT was the first round of the 1956 Grand Prix motorcycle racing season. It took place between 4 June and 8 June 1956 at the Snaefell Mountain Course for the Senior and Junior TTs and the Clypse Course for the Lightweight, Ultra Lightweight and Sidecar TTs.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [19, 19], "content_span": [20, 297]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073826-0000-0000", "contents": "1956 Italian Grand Prix\nThe 1956 Italian Grand Prix was a Formula One motor race held on 2 September 1956 at Monza. It was the eighth and final race of the 1956 World Championship of Drivers.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [23, 23], "content_span": [24, 191]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073826-0001-0000", "contents": "1956 Italian Grand Prix\nComing into the race, Juan Manuel Fangio had an eight-point lead over Ferrari teammate Peter Collins and Jean Behra, driving for Maserati.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [23, 23], "content_span": [24, 162]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073826-0002-0000", "contents": "1956 Italian Grand Prix\nFangio retired with a broken steering arm, while Behra also had to pull out. Luigi Musso, also driving for Ferrari, was told to hand his car over to Fangio to ensure the Argentine's third consecutive title but he refused. Brit Collins, with the opportunity for his first world championship, sportingly handed his car over to Fangio during a routine pit-stop. Fangio finished second, behind Stirling Moss, giving himself and Collins a share of the points for second place and ensuring his fourth title.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [23, 23], "content_span": [24, 525]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073826-0003-0000", "contents": "1956 Italian Grand Prix\nThe race saw the World Championship debuts of Jo Bonnier, Les Leston and Wolfgang von Trips and the final World Championship appearances for Hermano da Silva Ramos, Toulo de Graffenried, Robert Manzon, Piero Taruffi and Luigi Villoresi. Ron Flockhart scored his first World Championship points (and podium finish) and it was the first World Championship race led by Luigi Musso.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [23, 23], "content_span": [24, 402]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073827-0000-0000", "contents": "1956 Italian Somaliland parliamentary election\nThis is the current revision of this page, as edited by Number 57 (talk | contribs) at 17:43, 11 January 2021 (Category:Election and referendum articles with incomplete results). The present address (URL) is a permanent link to this version.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 46], "section_span": [46, 46], "content_span": [47, 288]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073827-0001-0000", "contents": "1956 Italian Somaliland parliamentary election\nParliamentary elections were held in Italian Trust Territory of Somaliland in February 1956. The result was a victory for the Somali Youth League (SYL), which won 43 of the 60 elected seats in the Territorial Council.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 46], "section_span": [46, 46], "content_span": [47, 264]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073827-0002-0000", "contents": "1956 Italian Somaliland parliamentary election, Electoral system\nThe Territorial Council had a total of 70 seats, of which 60 were elected in 25 constituencies ranging in size from one to five seats. The other ten seats were reserved for minority groups; four for Italians, four for Arabs, one for Indians and one for Pakistanis. Only men over the age of 21 were allowed to vote, whilst candidates had to be at least 30, literate in both Arabic and Roman alphabets, and have been resident in Somalia for at least a year prior to the elections.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 46], "section_span": [48, 64], "content_span": [65, 543]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073827-0003-0000", "contents": "1956 Italian Somaliland parliamentary election, Electoral system\nThe elections were direct in towns and municipalities, but indirect in rural areas, where members were elected by 613 \"shirs\" (open councils) between November 1955 and January 1956. The electoral laws were not applied entirely to the shirs, where voters could be as young as 15.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 46], "section_span": [48, 64], "content_span": [65, 343]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073828-0000-0000", "contents": "1956 Italian local elections\nThe 1956 Italian local elections were held on 27 and 28 May. The elections were held in 7,141 municipalities and 78 provinces.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [28, 28], "content_span": [29, 155]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073829-0000-0000", "contents": "1956 Ivy League football season\nThe 1956 Ivy League football season was the first season of college football play for the Ivy League and was part of the 1956 NCAA University Division football season. The season began on September 29, 1956, and ended on November 24, 1956. Ivy League teams were 4\u20137\u20131 against non-conference opponents and Yale won the conference championship.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [31, 31], "content_span": [32, 374]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073829-0001-0000", "contents": "1956 Ivy League football season, 1957 NFL Draft\nFour Ivy League players were drafted in the 1957 NFL draft, held in November 1956 and January 1957: Al Ward, Paul Lopata, Dennis McGill, and Mike Bowman.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 47], "content_span": [48, 201]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073830-0000-0000", "contents": "1956 Japan Series\nThe 1956 Japan Series was the Nippon Professional Baseball (NPB) championship series for the 1956 season. It was the seventh Japan Series and featured the Pacific League champions, the Nishitetsu Lions, against the Central League champions, the Yomiuri Giants.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [17, 17], "content_span": [18, 278]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073830-0001-0000", "contents": "1956 Japan Series, Matchups, Game 1\nWednesday, October 10, 1956 \u2013 2:04 pm at Korakuen Stadium in Bunky\u014d, Tokyo", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 35], "content_span": [36, 110]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073830-0002-0000", "contents": "1956 Japan Series, Matchups, Game 2\nThursday, October 11, 1956 \u2013 2:05 pm at Korakuen Stadium in Bunky\u014d, Tokyo", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 35], "content_span": [36, 109]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073830-0003-0000", "contents": "1956 Japan Series, Matchups, Game 3\nSaturday, October 13, 1956 \u2013 2:02 pm at Heiwadai Stadium in Fukuoka, Fukuoka Prefecture", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 35], "content_span": [36, 123]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073830-0004-0000", "contents": "1956 Japan Series, Matchups, Game 4\nSunday, October 14, 1956 \u2013 2:00 pm at Heiwadai Stadium in Fukuoka, Fukuoka Prefecture", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 35], "content_span": [36, 121]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073830-0005-0000", "contents": "1956 Japan Series, Matchups, Game 5\nMonday, October 15, 1956 \u2013 2:00 pm at Heiwadai Stadium in Fukuoka, Fukuoka Prefecture", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 35], "content_span": [36, 121]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073830-0006-0000", "contents": "1956 Japan Series, Matchups, Game 6\nWednesday, October 17, 1956 \u2013 2:00 pm at Korakuen Stadium in Bunky\u014d, Tokyo", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 35], "content_span": [36, 110]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073831-0000-0000", "contents": "1956 Japanese House of Councillors election\nHouse of Councillors elections were held in Japan on 8 July 1956, electing half the seats in the House plus two vacant seats in the other half. The Liberal Democratic Party won the most seats, but failed to win a majority. It was the first national election under the 1955 System, approximately a two party system of Ichir\u014d Hatoyama's Liberal Democratic Party (LDP) that was created in the \"conservative merger\" of 1955 and Suzuki Mosabur\u014d's reunified Japan Socialist Party (JSP). The later dominant LDP failed to win a majority.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 43], "section_span": [43, 43], "content_span": [44, 573]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073831-0001-0000", "contents": "1956 Japanese House of Councillors election\nA key campaign issue was Prime Minister Ichir\u014d Hatoyama's plan to revise Article 9 of the constitution \u2013 any change of the constitution requires a two-thirds majority in both chambers of the Diet. The left parties aimed to win at least a third of seats to prevent any constitutional change. Another issue was the government's plan to replace the elected prefectural boards of education with appointed ones, a plan fiercely opposed by the left: In June 1956, on the LDP's request the police intervened in the \"deliberations\" in the Diet when Socialist Councillors resorted to violence.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 43], "section_span": [43, 43], "content_span": [44, 628]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073831-0002-0000", "contents": "1956 Japanese House of Councillors election, Results\nTwo by-elections for the class of Councillors elected in 1953 were held simultaneously: The candidates with the 51st and 52nd highest vote shares in the national vote (one Socialist and one Liberal Democrat) were elected for three-year terms. Takenaka Tsuneo, who was elected as a member of the Japan Dentists' Federation, later joined the LDP.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 43], "section_span": [45, 52], "content_span": [53, 397]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073832-0000-0000", "contents": "1956 Jordan League\nThe 1956 Jordan League was the 11th season of Jordan Premier League, the top-flight league for Jordanian association football clubs. The championship was won by Al-Jazeera.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 18], "section_span": [18, 18], "content_span": [19, 191]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073833-0000-0000", "contents": "1956 Jordanian general election\nGeneral elections were held in Jordan on 21 October 1956. The National Socialist Party emerged as the largest party, with 12 seats.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [31, 31], "content_span": [32, 163]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073833-0001-0000", "contents": "1956 Jordanian general election\nThe elections were considered to be one of the most free in Jordan's history, and was the first and only election to produce an elected government. Hizb ut-Tahrir, which won a single seat, was later banned.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [31, 31], "content_span": [32, 238]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073834-0000-0000", "contents": "1956 Kano Airport BOAC Argonaut crash\nOn 24 June 1956, a British Overseas Airways Corporation (BOAC) four-engined Canadair C-4 Argonaut airliner crashed into a tree on departure from Kano Airport in Nigeria, three crew and 29 passengers were killed.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [37, 37], "content_span": [38, 249]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073834-0001-0000", "contents": "1956 Kano Airport BOAC Argonaut crash, Crash\nAt 17:21 the Argonaut departed Runway 25 at Kano Airport on the way to Tripoli in Libya. The flight was from Lagos to London and had made a scheduled stop at Kano. It was raining as the aircraft reached 250 feet (76\u00a0m) when the aircraft began to lose height. The pilot applied full power but the aircraft continued to descend until it hit a tree about 1+1\u20442 miles (2.4\u00a0km) from the end of the runway. Three of the seven crew members and 29 of the 38 passengers were killed in the crash, two crew and two passengers were seriously injured.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [39, 44], "content_span": [45, 583]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073834-0002-0000", "contents": "1956 Kano Airport BOAC Argonaut crash, Investigation\nA team from the British Ministry of Transport and Civil Aviation and BOAC flew out from London on 25 June in a chartered Canadair Argonaut to help in the investigation. The Nigerian investigation team of four was led by the Director of Civil Aviation.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [39, 52], "content_span": [53, 304]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073834-0003-0000", "contents": "1956 Kano Airport BOAC Argonaut crash, Inquiry report\nThe Board of Inquiry concluded \"The accident was the result of a loss of height and airspeed caused by the aircraft encountering, at approximately 250ft after take-off, an unpredictable thunderstorm cell which gave rise to a sudden reversal of wind direction, heavy rain, and possible downdraft conditions. The formation of the cell could not have been predicted by the meteorological forecaster at Kano airport, nor was it visible to the pilot in command before taking off. In the circumstances, no blame can be attached to the pilot in command for taking off.\"", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [39, 53], "content_span": [54, 616]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073834-0004-0000", "contents": "1956 Kano Airport BOAC Argonaut crash, Inquiry report\nThe report also recommended that the International Civil Aviation Organization urgently consider investigating the special hazards to aircraft inherent in taking off or landing in close proximity to thunderstorms.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [39, 53], "content_span": [54, 267]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073835-0000-0000", "contents": "1956 Kansas City Athletics season\nThe 1956 Kansas City Athletics season, the team's 56th in the American League and second in Kansas City, involved the A's finishing 8th in the American League with a record of 52 wins and 102 losses, 45 games behind the World Series champion New York Yankees.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [33, 33], "content_span": [34, 293]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073835-0001-0000", "contents": "1956 Kansas City Athletics season, Player stats, Batting, Starters by position\nNote: Pos = Position; G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 78], "content_span": [79, 203]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073835-0002-0000", "contents": "1956 Kansas City Athletics season, Player stats, Batting, Other batters\nNote: G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 71], "content_span": [72, 180]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073835-0003-0000", "contents": "1956 Kansas City Athletics season, Player stats, Pitching, Starting pitchers\nNote: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 76], "content_span": [77, 187]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073835-0004-0000", "contents": "1956 Kansas City Athletics season, Player stats, Pitching, Other pitchers\nNote: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 73], "content_span": [74, 184]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073835-0005-0000", "contents": "1956 Kansas City Athletics season, Player stats, Pitching, Relief pitchers\nNote: G = Games pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; SV = Saves; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 74], "content_span": [75, 175]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073836-0000-0000", "contents": "1956 Kansas Jayhawks football team\nThe 1956 Kansas Jayhawks football team represented the University of Kansas in the Big Seven Conference during the 1956 NCAA University Division football season. In their third season under head coach Chuck Mather, the Jayhawks compiled a 3\u20136\u20131 record (2\u20134 against conference opponents), finished tied for fifth in the Big Seven Conference, and were outscored by all opponents by a combined total of 215 to 163. They played their home games at Memorial Stadium in Lawrence, Kansas.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [34, 34], "content_span": [35, 516]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073836-0001-0000", "contents": "1956 Kansas Jayhawks football team\nThe team's statistical leaders included Homer Floyd with 638 rushing yards, Charlie McCue with 48 points scored, and Wally Strauch with 596 passing yards. Galen Wahlmeier was the team captain.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [34, 34], "content_span": [35, 227]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073837-0000-0000", "contents": "1956 Kansas State Wildcats football team\nThe 1956 Kansas State Wildcats football team represented Kansas State University in the 1956 NCAA University Division football season. The team's head football coach was Bus Mertes, in his second year at the helm of the Wildcats. The Wildcats played their home games in Memorial Stadium. The Wildcats finished the season with a 3\u20137 record with a 2\u20134 record in conference play. They finished tied for fifth place in the Big Seven Conference. The Wildcats scored 110 points and gave up 192 points.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [40, 40], "content_span": [41, 536]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073838-0000-0000", "contents": "1956 Kansas gubernatorial election\nThe 1956 Kansas gubernatorial election was held on November 6, 1956. Democratic nominee George Docking defeated Republican nominee Warren W. Shaw with 55.46% of the vote.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [34, 34], "content_span": [35, 205]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073839-0000-0000", "contents": "1956 Kategoria e Dyt\u00eb\nThe 1956 Kategoria e Dyt\u00eb was the 11th season of a second-tier association football league in Albania. The season had started in March and ended in August. Even the Second Division begins to take on a fixed formula, moving in 1956 to the seven single-group teams. Spartaku Tiran\u00eb wins league and promotion title by outperforming opponents, while Spartaku Pogradec was the first team to officially relegated to the regional divisions, from which Puna Peshkopi was advanced.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [21, 21], "content_span": [22, 494]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073840-0000-0000", "contents": "1956 Kent State Golden Flashes football team\nThe 1956 Kent State Golden Flashes football team was an American football team that represented Kent State University  in the Mid-American Conference (MAC) during the 1956 NCAA University Division football season. In their 11th season under head coach Trevor J. Rees, the Golden Flashes compiled a 7\u20132 record (4\u20132 against MAC opponents), finished in third place in the MAC, and outscored all opponents by a combined total of 208 to 76.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [44, 44], "content_span": [45, 480]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073840-0001-0000", "contents": "1956 Kent State Golden Flashes football team\nThe team's statistical leaders included Ron Fowler with 522 rushing yards, Ken Horton with 703 passing yards, and Dick Mihalus with 238 receiving yards. End Gino Gioia and fullback Luke Owens were selected as first-team All-MAC players.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [44, 44], "content_span": [45, 281]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073841-0000-0000", "contents": "1956 Kentucky Derby\nThe 1956 Kentucky Derby was the 82nd running of the Kentucky Derby. The race took place on May 5, 1956.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [19, 19], "content_span": [20, 123]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073842-0000-0000", "contents": "1956 Kentucky Wildcats football team\nThe 1956 Kentucky Wildcats football team were an American football team that represented the University of Kentucky as a member of the Southeastern Conference during the 1956 NCAA University Division football season. In their third season under head coach Blanton Collier, the team compiled a 6\u20134 record (4\u20134 in the SEC).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [36, 36], "content_span": [37, 358]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073843-0000-0000", "contents": "1956 Kilkenny Senior Hurling Championship\nThe 1956 Kilkenny Senior Hurling Championship was the 62nd staging of the Kilkenny Senior Hurling Championship since its establishment by the Kilkenny County Board.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 41], "section_span": [41, 41], "content_span": [42, 206]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073843-0001-0000", "contents": "1956 Kilkenny Senior Hurling Championship\nOn 26 August 1956, Bennettsbridge won the championship after a 2-08 to 3-03 defeat of John Locke's in the final. It was their fifth championship title overall and their second title in succession.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 41], "section_span": [41, 41], "content_span": [42, 238]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073844-0000-0000", "contents": "1956 LFF Lyga\nThe 1956 LFF Lyga was the 35th season of the LFF Lyga football competition in Lithuania. It was contested by 12 teams, and Lin\u0173 Audiniai Plung\u0117 won the championship.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 13], "section_span": [13, 13], "content_span": [14, 179]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073845-0000-0000", "contents": "1956 LPGA Championship\nThe 1956 LPGA Championship was the second LPGA Championship, held June 21\u201324 at Forest Lake Country Club in Bloomfield Hills, Michigan, a suburb northwest of Detroit.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [22, 22], "content_span": [23, 189]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073845-0001-0000", "contents": "1956 LPGA Championship\nMarlene Hagge, age 22, won her only major title in a sudden death playoff over runner-up Patty Berg, who missed a bogey putt on the first playoff hole to stay alive. The two were co-leaders after 54 holes and both shot 76 (+1) in the final round to tie at 291 (\u22129), five strokes ahead of third-place finisher Betty Jameson. Defending champion Beverly Hanson finished ten strokes back, tied for sixth.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [22, 22], "content_span": [23, 423]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073845-0002-0000", "contents": "1956 LPGA Championship\nThe course hosted its second major two years later, the U.S. Women's Open in 1958.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [22, 22], "content_span": [23, 105]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073846-0000-0000", "contents": "1956 LPGA Tour\nThe 1956 LPGA Tour was the seventh season since the LPGA Tour officially began in 1950. The season ran from January 14 to October 21. The season consisted of 25 official money events. Marlene Hagge won the most tournaments, eight. She also led the money list with earnings of $20,235.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [14, 14], "content_span": [15, 299]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073846-0001-0000", "contents": "1956 LPGA Tour\nThe season saw the first tournament outside United States, the Havana Open in Cuba. There were five first-time winners in 1956, Kathy Cornelius, Betty Dodd, Mary Lena Faulk, Mickey Wright, and Joyce Ziske. Wright would win 82 LPGA events in her career, second only to Kathy Whitworth's 88.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [14, 14], "content_span": [15, 304]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073846-0002-0000", "contents": "1956 LPGA Tour, Tournament results\nThe following table shows all the official money events for the 1956 season. \"Date\" is the ending date of the tournament. The numbers in parentheses after the winners' names are the number of wins they had on the tour up to and including that event. Majors are shown in bold.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [16, 34], "content_span": [35, 310]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073847-0000-0000", "contents": "1956 LSU Tigers football team\nThe 1956 LSU Tigers football team represented Louisiana State University during the 1956 NCAA University Division football season. Under head coach Paul Dietzel, the Tigers had a record of 3\u20137 with an SEC record of 1\u20135. It was Dietzel's second season as head coach at LSU.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [29, 29], "content_span": [30, 302]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073848-0000-0000", "contents": "1956 La Fl\u00e8che Wallonne\nThe 1956 La Fl\u00e8che Wallonne was the 20th edition of La Fl\u00e8che Wallonne cycle race and was held on 5 May 1956. The race started in Charleroi and finished in Li\u00e8ge. The race was won by Richard Van Genechten.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [23, 23], "content_span": [24, 229]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073849-0000-0000", "contents": "1956 Labour Party Shadow Cabinet election\nElections to the Labour Party's Shadow Cabinet (more formally, its \"Parliamentary Committee\") occurred in November 1956. In addition to the 12 members elected, the Leader (Hugh Gaitskell), Deputy Leader (Jim Griffiths), Labour Chief Whip (Herbert Bowden), Labour Leader in the House of Lords (A. V. Alexander) were automatically members.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 41], "section_span": [41, 41], "content_span": [42, 379]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073850-0000-0000", "contents": "1956 Labour Party deputy leadership election\nThe 1956 Labour Party deputy leadership election took place on 2 February 1956, after the resignation of sitting deputy leader Herbert Morrison. Morrison resigned after his heavy defeat in the leadership election in December 1955, but the party decided not to hold a deputy leadership election until the new year.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [44, 44], "content_span": [45, 358]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073850-0001-0000", "contents": "1956 Labour Party deputy leadership election, Notes and references\nThis United Kingdom election-related article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by .", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [46, 66], "content_span": [67, 150]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073851-0000-0000", "contents": "1956 Lady Wigram Trophy\nThe 1956 Lady Wigram Trophy was a motor race held at the Wigram Airfield Circuit on 21 January 1956. It was the fifth Lady Wigram Trophy to be held and was won by Peter Whitehead in the Ferrari 500/750S. This was Whitehead's second Lady Wigram Trophy victory in succession and was another international podium lockout with Tony Gaze once again finishing second and Leslie Marr finishing third.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [23, 23], "content_span": [24, 417]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073852-0000-0000", "contents": "1956 Lafayette Leopards football team\nThe 1956 Lafayette Leopards football team was an American football team that represented Lafayette College during the 1956 NCAA College Division football season. Lafayette finished last in the Middle Three Conference.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [37, 37], "content_span": [38, 255]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073852-0001-0000", "contents": "1956 Lafayette Leopards football team\nIn their fifth year under head coach Steve Hokuf, the Leopards compiled a 6\u20133 record, but lost both matchups with their conference opponents. Jack Slotter and Robert Burcin were the team captains.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [37, 37], "content_span": [38, 234]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073852-0002-0000", "contents": "1956 Lafayette Leopards football team\nLafayette played its home games at Fisher Field on College Hill in Easton, Pennsylvania.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [37, 37], "content_span": [38, 126]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073853-0000-0000", "contents": "1956 Latvian SSR Higher League, Overview\nIt was contested by 13 teams, and Sarkanais Metalurgs won the championship.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 40], "content_span": [41, 116]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073854-0000-0000", "contents": "1956 Leeds City Council election\nThe municipal elections for Leeds were held on Thursday 10 May 1956, with one third of the council and an extra vacancy in Hyde Park to be elected.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [32, 32], "content_span": [33, 180]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073854-0001-0000", "contents": "1956 Leeds City Council election\nA 3% swing to Labour seen them once again on top in votes, although things may have been closer had the Conservatives stood candidates in Hunslet Carr and Wellington. With the swing, Labour managed to hold on to all of their 1953 gains; most fairly comfortably. The notable exceptions were in Woodhouse, one of the few wards to record a swing to the Conservatives - of 4.6% no less - reducing Labour's majority to 169 votes.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [32, 32], "content_span": [33, 457]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073854-0001-0001", "contents": "1956 Leeds City Council election\nThe other being Wortley, where the Liberal intervention there hit the Conservatives twice as hard as Labour, helping them to retain their seat by 31 votes. The closest run result, in actuality, was found in Beeston - with Labour just one vote away from a gain there. As such the night ended without a gain, leaving the dramatic drop in turnout - from what was already one of the worst recorded since the war - by a fifth to an all-time low of 31.4% the main story.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [32, 32], "content_span": [33, 497]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073854-0002-0000", "contents": "1956 Leeds City Council election, Election result\nThe result had the following consequences for the total number of seats on the council after the elections:", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 49], "content_span": [50, 157]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073855-0000-0000", "contents": "1956 Leeds North East by-election\nThe Leeds North East byelection of 9 February 1956 was a by-election to the House of Commons. It was caused when the sitting Member, Osbert Peake, was awarded a Viscountcy in the New Year's Honours list (he took the title Viscount Ingleby). Sir Keith Joseph kept the seat for the Conservative Party with a slightly reduced numerical majority, but increased in percentage terms.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [33, 33], "content_span": [34, 411]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073855-0001-0000", "contents": "1956 Leeds North East by-election, Candidates\nThe Conservative Party's choice of Sir Keith Joseph reflected his strong performance at the 1955 general election when he had failed to be elected, but only by 125 votes, in the London constituency of Baron's Court. Joseph was then a 37-year-old director of building and civil engineering companies and non-practising Barrister.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 45], "content_span": [46, 374]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073855-0002-0000", "contents": "1956 Leeds North East by-election, Candidates\nThe Labour Party chose Harry Waterman, who had fought the constituency in the previous election. He was a 38-year-old local solicitor and a member of the Fabian Society. The election was a 'straight fight' with no Liberal or Independent candidate intervening.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 45], "content_span": [46, 305]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073855-0003-0000", "contents": "1956 Leeds North East by-election, Results\nSir Keith Joseph won with a majority of 5,869 on a turnout substantially down on the general election. He achieved a slight swing towards his party compared to 1955. He held the seat until he retired in 1987.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 42], "content_span": [43, 251]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073856-0000-0000", "contents": "1956 Lehigh Engineers football team\nThe 1956 Lehigh Engineers football team was an American football team that represented Lehigh University during the 1956 NCAA College Division football season. Lehigh won the Middle Three Conference championship.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [35, 35], "content_span": [36, 248]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073856-0001-0000", "contents": "1956 Lehigh Engineers football team\nIn their 11th year under head coach William Leckonby, the Engineers compiled a 7\u20132 record and defeated both Middle Three Conference opponents. Alex Maslowsky was the team captain.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [35, 35], "content_span": [36, 215]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073856-0002-0000", "contents": "1956 Lehigh Engineers football team\nLehigh played its home games at Taylor Stadium on the university's main campus in Bethlehem, Pennsylvania.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [35, 35], "content_span": [36, 142]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073857-0000-0000", "contents": "1956 Libyan general election\nGeneral elections were held in Libya to elect the House of Representatives on 7 January 1956.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [28, 28], "content_span": [29, 122]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073857-0001-0000", "contents": "1956 Libyan general election\nThe House of Representatives had 55 seats, one for every 20,000 inhabitants. Following the 1952 elections, political parties and political gatherings had been banned, so all candidates contested the election as independents. As a result, voting was based largely on personality, clan ties, and nepotism. Thirty candidates were elected unopposed.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [28, 28], "content_span": [29, 374]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073858-0000-0000", "contents": "1956 Limerick Senior Hurling Championship\nThe 1956 Limerick Senior Hurling Championship was the 62nd staging of the Limerick Senior Hurling Championship since its establishment by the Limerick County Board in 1887.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 41], "section_span": [41, 41], "content_span": [42, 214]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073858-0001-0000", "contents": "1956 Limerick Senior Hurling Championship\nCappamore won the championship after a 5-04 to 2-07 defeat of Claughaun in the final. It was their third championship title overall and their first title in two years.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 41], "section_span": [41, 41], "content_span": [42, 209]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073859-0000-0000", "contents": "1956 Little League World Series\nThe 1956 Little League World Series was held from August 21 to August 24 in Williamsport, Pennsylvania. The Lions Hondo Little League of Roswell, New Mexico, defeated the Delaware Township Little League of Delaware Township, New Jersey, in the championship game of the 10th Little League World Series. Delaware Township had also been runner-up in the 1955 tournament.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [31, 31], "content_span": [32, 399]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073859-0001-0000", "contents": "1956 Little League World Series\nAs of 2021, this is the only time that a team from New Mexico has qualified for the Little League World Series.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [31, 31], "content_span": [32, 143]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073860-0000-0000", "contents": "1956 Liverpool City Council election\nElections to Liverpool City Council were held on Thursday, 10 May 1956.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [36, 36], "content_span": [37, 108]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073860-0001-0000", "contents": "1956 Liverpool City Council election, Ward results\nThe Councillors seeking re-election at this election were elected in 1953 for a three-year term, therefore comparisons are made with the 1953 election results.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 50], "content_span": [51, 210]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073861-0000-0000", "contents": "1956 Li\u00e8ge\u2013Bastogne\u2013Li\u00e8ge\nThe 1956 Li\u00e8ge\u2013Bastogne\u2013Li\u00e8ge was the 42nd edition of the Li\u00e8ge\u2013Bastogne\u2013Li\u00e8ge cycle race and was held on 6 May 1956. The race started and finished in Li\u00e8ge. The race was won by Fred De Bruyne.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [25, 25], "content_span": [26, 219]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073862-0000-0000", "contents": "1956 London Heathrow Avro Vulcan crash\nThe 1956 London Heathrow Avro Vulcan crash was a military aviation accident that occurred at Heathrow Airport on 1 October 1956 when Avro Vulcan B.1 XA897 crashed while attempting to land in poor weather. The captain and co-pilot ejected safely but the remaining four crew were killed.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [38, 38], "content_span": [39, 324]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073862-0001-0000", "contents": "1956 London Heathrow Avro Vulcan crash, Background\nXA897 was the first Vulcan bomber delivered to the Royal Air Force; after arriving at RAF Waddington, the aircraft was loaned to C-in-C Air Marshal Sir Harry Broadhurst and Squadron Leader Donald \"Podge\" Howard for a 26,000\u00a0mi (42,000\u00a0km; 23,000\u00a0nmi) round the world trip to showcase the aircraft's advanced design. Between 9 September and 1 October 1956, XA897 flew to Australia and New Zealand and was accompanied by three Avro Shackletons containing ground-crew and parts to service the Vulcan.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 50], "content_span": [51, 548]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073862-0002-0000", "contents": "1956 London Heathrow Avro Vulcan crash, Background\nLeaving Australia, the Vulcan flew to RAF Khormaksar in Aden. It took off from there at 02:50 hours GMT and was scheduled to arrive shortly after 10 o'clock in the morning at London Heathrow.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 50], "content_span": [51, 242]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073862-0003-0000", "contents": "1956 London Heathrow Avro Vulcan crash, Accident\nThe Vulcan had been fitted with bomb bay fuel tanks to cover the great distance from Aden and the aircraft approached Heathrow in torrential rain. At the controls were Squadron Leader Howard and the co-pilot was Air Marshal Sir Harry Broadhurst. In the rear of the aircraft were three RAF crewmen and a civilian technical advisor from the Avro company.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 48], "content_span": [49, 401]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073862-0004-0000", "contents": "1956 London Heathrow Avro Vulcan crash, Accident\nDue to the heavy rain and visibility reduced to 500\u00a0ft (150\u00a0m), XA897 was on a ground controlled approach (GCA) and was informed by Heathrow's air traffic controller that they were above the glide slope (GS) and needed to lose altitude. However, the crew reduced their height too much, with their air speed close to the minimum drag point for a gear down configuration. As a result, the Vulcan was 1,030\u00a0yd (940\u00a0m) short of the runway and the initial contact with the ground removed the aircraft's undercarriage.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 48], "content_span": [49, 561]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073862-0005-0000", "contents": "1956 London Heathrow Avro Vulcan crash, Accident\nThe pilot attempted to regain control but was unable to and he and the co-pilot both ejected. The low level made it impossible for Squadron Leader Stroud (Howard's regular co-pilot who was in the aircraft's radar navigator's seat), Squadron Leader Eames, Squadron Leader Gamble, and Frederick Bassett to exit the aircraft and they were killed.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 48], "content_span": [49, 392]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073862-0006-0000", "contents": "1956 London Heathrow Avro Vulcan crash, Cause\nThe court of inquiry convened to review the crash determined that XA897's approach was affected by poor visibility due to heavy rain (three Russian Tu-104 aircraft carrying the Bolshoi Ballet had already been diverted away from Heathrow to RAF Manston that morning) and that the aircraft was not equipped to use the instrument landing system (ILS) installed at Heathrow. The approach to Runway 10L was undertaken using a ground controlled approach (GCA) (the first time Howard had done this).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 45], "content_span": [46, 538]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073862-0006-0001", "contents": "1956 London Heathrow Avro Vulcan crash, Cause\nHoward attempted to abort the landing  believing he was at 150\u00a0ft (46\u00a0m) he applied power but his aircraft collided with the ground which removed his undercarriage and severely damaged the Vulcan's control surfaces. The aircraft's port wing was almost vertical and with no prospect of recovery he and Broadhurst ejected. The low level made it impossible for Stroud, Eames, Gamble, and Bassett to exit the aircraft and they were killed.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 45], "content_span": [46, 481]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073862-0007-0000", "contents": "1956 London Heathrow Avro Vulcan crash, Later claims of accident cause\nIn his book The Hidden Truth (ISBN\u00a09781784079314) Maurice Hamlin, a former member of the RAF on duty the day of the crash, claims that Harry Broadhurst ignored three direct orders to divert away from Heathrow due to the poor weather conditions (noting other aircraft had already been diverted). Pilots, he goes on to say, cannot ignore these orders but Hamlin believes that Broadhurst continued to attempt to land due to the waiting press and dignitaries. He further claims a fifty-year D-Notice was placed on the incident (that has now expired).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 70], "content_span": [71, 617]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073863-0000-0000", "contents": "1956 Long Beach State 49ers football team\nThe 1956 Long Beach State 49ers football team represented Long Beach State College during the 1956 NCAA College Division football season. The 49ers were in their second year of existence, and did not compete in any college conference in 1956.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 41], "section_span": [41, 41], "content_span": [42, 284]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073863-0001-0000", "contents": "1956 Long Beach State 49ers football team\nThe team was led by head coach Mike DeLotto, in his second year, and played home games at Veterans Stadium adjacent to the campus of Long Beach City College in Long Beach, California. They finished the season with a record of five wins and three losses (5\u20133).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 41], "section_span": [41, 41], "content_span": [42, 301]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073863-0002-0000", "contents": "1956 Long Beach State 49ers football team, Team players in the NFL\nNo Long Beach State 49ers were selected in the 1957 NFL Draft.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 41], "section_span": [43, 66], "content_span": [67, 129]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073864-0000-0000", "contents": "1956 Los Angeles Angels season\nThe 1956 Los Angeles Angels season was the 54th season in the history of the Los Angeles Angels baseball team. The 1954 team won the Pacific Coast League (PCL) pennant with a 107\u201361 record. Bob Scheffing was the team's manager. The team played its home games at Wrigley Field in Los Angeles.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [30, 30], "content_span": [31, 322]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073864-0001-0000", "contents": "1956 Los Angeles Angels season\nIn 1993, sports writer John Schulian wrote a feature story in Sports Illustrated about the 1956 Angeles, opining that no minor league club ever played the game better. Gene Mauch, who played second base for the team and later managed in the majors, was interviewed by Schulian and recalled: \"I might be prejudiced, but I think it was the best minor league team ever put together. I saw some teams in the big leagues that couldn't play as well. Hell, I managed two of them.\"", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [30, 30], "content_span": [31, 504]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073864-0002-0000", "contents": "1956 Los Angeles Angels season\nFirst baseman Steve Bilko received the Pacific Coast League Most Valuable Player Award and was also named Minor League Baseball's player of the year. He also won the PCL Triple Crown with a .360 batting average, 55 home runs, and 164 RBIs.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [30, 30], "content_span": [31, 270]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073864-0003-0000", "contents": "1956 Los Angeles Angels season\nIn addition to Bilko, five other Angels hit 20 or more home runs. Gene Mauch hit .348 with 20 home runs. In his book on the 1956 Angels, Gaylon H. White wrote: \"Mauch's greates value was as a leader. He was a master at devising trick plays, stealing opponents' signs and, if necessary, getting in the face of a teammate.\"", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [30, 30], "content_span": [31, 352]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073864-0004-0000", "contents": "1956 Los Angeles Angels season\nWhile Dave Hillman won 20 games for the Angels, pitching was the team's weakness. In his history of the Angels, Richard Beverage wrote: \"The pitching staff was subpar and, as a result, th4 1956 Angels were probably a level below the greatest teams of PCL history.\"", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [30, 30], "content_span": [31, 295]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073864-0005-0000", "contents": "1956 Los Angeles Angels season\nAngels players took eight of 14 spots the PCL All-Star team selected by sports writers in November 1956. The honorees were Steve Bilko at first base, Mauch at second base, Casey Wise at shortstop, Jim Bolger and Bob Speake in the outfield, El Tappe at catcher, Dave Hillman as a pitcher, and Piper Davis as the utility infielder.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [30, 30], "content_span": [31, 360]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073864-0006-0000", "contents": "1956 Los Angeles Angels season, Statistics, Batting\nNote: Pos = Position; G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 51], "content_span": [52, 176]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073864-0007-0000", "contents": "1956 Los Angeles Angels season, Statistics, Pitching\nNote: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; PCT = Win percentage; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 52], "content_span": [53, 185]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073865-0000-0000", "contents": "1956 Los Angeles Rams season\nThe 1956 Los Angeles Rams season was the team's 19th year with the National Football League and the 11th season in Los Angeles.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [28, 28], "content_span": [29, 156]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073865-0001-0000", "contents": "1956 Los Angeles Rams season, Schedule, Standings\nNote: Tie games were not officially counted in the standings until 1972.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 49], "content_span": [50, 122]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073866-0000-0000", "contents": "1956 Los Angeles State Diablos football team\nThe 1956 Los Angeles State Diablos football team represented Los Angeles State during the 1956 NCAA College Division football season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [44, 44], "content_span": [45, 178]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073866-0001-0000", "contents": "1956 Los Angeles State Diablos football team\nLos Angeles State competed in the California Collegiate Athletic Association (CCAA). The team was led by sixth-year head coach Leonard (Bud) Adams, who had been the leader of the team since the school started playing intercollegiate football in 1951. The Diablos played six home games at three separate sites. They finished the season with a record of three wins, five losses and one tie (3\u20135\u20131, 0\u20131 CCAA).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [44, 44], "content_span": [45, 451]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073866-0002-0000", "contents": "1956 Los Angeles State Diablos football team, Team players in the NFL\nNo Los Angeles State players were selected in the 1957 NFL Draft.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [46, 69], "content_span": [70, 135]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073867-0000-0000", "contents": "1956 Louisiana Tech Bulldogs football team\nThe 1956 Louisiana Tech Bulldogs football team was an American football team that represented the Louisiana Polytechnic Institute (now known as Louisiana Tech University) as a member of the Gulf States Conference during the 1956 NCAA College Division football season. In their sixteenth year under head coach Joe Aillet, the team compiled a 4\u20133\u20132 record.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 42], "section_span": [42, 42], "content_span": [43, 397]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073868-0000-0000", "contents": "1956 Louisiana gubernatorial election\nThe 1956 Louisiana gubernatorial election was held on January 17, 1956. Incumbent Governor Robert F. Kennon was ineligible to run for a second term in office. Earl K. Long won the Democratic primary, which was tantamount to election, securing his second full term as Governor of Louisiana. He received over 50% of the vote, defeating his opponents so soundly that no runoff vote was needed. His closest competitor was New Orleans mayor deLesseps Story Morrison.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [37, 37], "content_span": [38, 499]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073868-0001-0000", "contents": "1956 Louisiana gubernatorial election, Background\nLike most Southern states between the Reconstruction Era and the Civil Rights Movement, Louisiana's Republican Party was virtually nonexistent in terms of electoral support. This meant that the Democratic Party primary held on this date was the real contest over who would be governor.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [39, 49], "content_span": [50, 335]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073868-0002-0000", "contents": "1956 Louisiana gubernatorial election, Background\nOutgoing Governor Robert F. Kennon was constitutionally barred from succeeding himself.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [39, 49], "content_span": [50, 137]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073868-0003-0000", "contents": "1956 Louisiana gubernatorial election, Democratic primary, Campaign\nLong's campaign promises included spending increases to fund health, education, and other social programs. He made these promises on an extensive tour of the state, stopping in nearly every town to deliver theatrical speeches mocking his opponents. The acerbic  Long attacked Morrison with particular enthusiasm, mocking his toupee and fancy suits and calling him \"as slick as a peeled onion\", out of touch with residents of small towns and rural areas.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [39, 67], "content_span": [68, 521]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073868-0003-0001", "contents": "1956 Louisiana gubernatorial election, Democratic primary, Campaign\nLong also mocked his unusual first name: \"Ole De la Soups is the only man that can talk out of both sides of his mouth, whistle, and strut all at once.\" In addition to his usual base, Long also won support from corrupt rural sheriffs who were angry at their loss of gambling revenues after Kennon's reforms and Grevemberg's raids.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [39, 67], "content_span": [68, 398]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073868-0004-0000", "contents": "1956 Louisiana gubernatorial election, Democratic primary, Campaign\nDespite the reluctance of Morrison's own Crescent City Democratic Association, the New Orleans mayor was overly optimistic at his chances. Morrison had expected the support of Governor Kennon, but did not get it; Morrison had endorsed Kennon's opponent Hale Boggs in the first primary of the 1952 election. Long encouraged false optimism in Morrison's campaign by having his rural supporters write to the New Orleans mayor urging him to run for governor.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [39, 67], "content_span": [68, 522]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073868-0004-0001", "contents": "1956 Louisiana gubernatorial election, Democratic primary, Campaign\nThis false rural support never materialized in the actual election; Morrison was too unfamiliar with the state's rural politics and fought a perception of urban sophistication that did not play well in the country. His emphasis on his record as mayor and his promises of economic development found little resonance with rural voters.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [39, 67], "content_span": [68, 401]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073868-0005-0000", "contents": "1956 Louisiana gubernatorial election, Democratic primary, Campaign\nPreaus, running third, had the support of incumbent Governor Kennon.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [39, 67], "content_span": [68, 136]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073868-0006-0000", "contents": "1956 Louisiana gubernatorial election, Democratic primary, Campaign\nGrevemberg campaigned on his reputation for integrity, but his gambling crackdown had alienated too many people for him to receive much support.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [39, 67], "content_span": [68, 212]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073868-0007-0000", "contents": "1956 Louisiana gubernatorial election, Democratic primary, Campaign\nMcLemore ran a segregationist campaign as he had in 1952.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [39, 67], "content_span": [68, 125]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073868-0008-0000", "contents": "1956 Louisiana gubernatorial election, Democratic primary, Results\nEarl Long won 62 of the state's 64 parishes; only Orleans Parish went to Morrison. The support of local political boss Leander Perez won Plaquemines Parish for Fred Preaus, who lost his own Union Parish. Long was intensely proud of his first-primary victory, exclaiming \"Huey never done that!\"", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [39, 66], "content_span": [67, 360]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073868-0009-0000", "contents": "1956 Louisiana gubernatorial election, Sources\nHaas, Edward F. DeLesseps S.  Morrison and the Image of Reform: New Orleans Politics, 1946-60. LSU Press, 1974.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [39, 46], "content_span": [47, 158]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073868-0010-0000", "contents": "1956 Louisiana gubernatorial election, Sources\nKurtz, Michael and Morgan Peoples. Earl K. Long:  The Saga of Uncle Earl and Louisiana Politics. LSU Press, 1990.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [39, 46], "content_span": [47, 160]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073869-0000-0000", "contents": "1956 Louisville Cardinals football team\nThe 1956 Louisville Cardinals football team was an American football team that represented the University of Louisville as an independent during the 1956 NCAA College Division football season. In their 11th season under head coach Frank Camp, the Cardinals compiled a 6\u20133 record.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [39, 39], "content_span": [40, 319]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073869-0001-0000", "contents": "1956 Louisville Cardinals football team\nThe team's statistical leaders included Ken Porco with 581 rushing yards and Dale Orem with 385 passing yards.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [39, 39], "content_span": [40, 150]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073870-0000-0000", "contents": "1956 Maine Black Bears football team\nThe 1956 Maine Black Bears football team was an American football team that represented the University of Maine as a member of the Yankee Conference during the 1956 college football season. In its sixth season under head coach Harold Westerman, the team compiled a 5\u20132 record (3\u20131 against conference opponents) and finished second out of the six teams in the Yankee Conference championship. The team played its home games at Alumni Field in Orono, Maine. Thurlow Cooper and Peter Kostacopoulos were the team captains.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [36, 36], "content_span": [37, 554]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073871-0000-0000", "contents": "1956 Maine gubernatorial election\nThe 1956 Maine gubernatorial election took place on September 10, 1956. Incumbent Democratic Governor Edmund Muskie was seeking re-election, and faced off against Republican Willis A. Trafton, Jr. in the general election. Extremely popular, Muskie was able to easily win re-election.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [33, 33], "content_span": [34, 317]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073872-0000-0000", "contents": "1956 Major League Baseball All-Star Game\nThe 1956 Major League Baseball All-Star Game was the 23rd playing of the midsummer classic between the all-stars of the American League (AL) and National League (NL), the two leagues comprising Major League Baseball. The game was held on July 10, 1956, at Griffith Stadium in Washington, D.C. the home of the Washington Senators of the American League.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [40, 40], "content_span": [41, 393]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073872-0001-0000", "contents": "1956 Major League Baseball All-Star Game, Rosters\nPlayers in italics have since been inducted into the National Baseball Hall of Fame.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [42, 49], "content_span": [50, 134]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073873-0000-0000", "contents": "1956 Major League Baseball season\nThe 1956 Major League Baseball season was contested from April 17 to October 10, 1956, featuring eight teams in the National League and eight teams in the American League. The 1956 World Series was a rematch of the previous year's series between the New York Yankees and the Brooklyn Dodgers. The series is notable for Yankees pitcher Don Larsen's perfect game in Game 5.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [33, 33], "content_span": [34, 405]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073874-0000-0000", "contents": "1956 Malayan local elections\nLocal elections were held in the Federation of Malaya in 1956.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [28, 28], "content_span": [29, 91]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073875-0000-0000", "contents": "1956 Maltese United Kingdom integration referendum\nA referendum on integration with the United Kingdom was held in Malta on 11 and 12 February 1956. The proposals were approved by 77% of those who voted, on a turnout of 59.1%. They were never fully implemented, and the country became an independent Dominion titled the State of Malta eight years later.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 50], "section_span": [50, 50], "content_span": [51, 353]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073875-0001-0000", "contents": "1956 Maltese United Kingdom integration referendum, Proposals\nUnder the proposals, Malta would have had three seats of its own in the British House of Commons. In addition, the Home Office would take over responsibility for Maltese affairs from the Colonial Office. The UK parliament would have control of defence and foreign affairs, and eventually direct taxation, whereas the Maltese parliament would be responsible for all other areas of public life, including education and the position of the Catholic Church. Standards of living on the islands would be raised to parity with the rest of the UK by raising wages and increasing employment opportunities.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 50], "section_span": [52, 61], "content_span": [62, 658]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073876-0000-0000", "contents": "1956 Marquette Warriors football team\nThe 1956 Marquette Warriors football team was an American football team that represented Marquette University as an independent during the 1956 NCAA University Division football season. In its first season under head coach John F. Druze, the team compiled a 0\u20139 record and was outscored by a total of 303 to 72. The team played its home games at Marquette Stadium in Milwaukee.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [37, 37], "content_span": [38, 415]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073877-0000-0000", "contents": "1956 Marshall Thundering Herd football team\nThe 1956 Marshall Thundering Herd football team was an American football team that represented Marshall University in the Mid-American Conference (MAC) during the 1956 NCAA College Division football season. In its fourth season under head coach Herb Royer, the team compiled a 3\u20136 record (2\u20134 against conference opponents), tied for fourth place out of seven teams in the MAC, and was outscored by a total of 185 to 122. The team played its home games at Fairfield Stadium in Huntington, West Virginia.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 43], "section_span": [43, 43], "content_span": [44, 546]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073878-0000-0000", "contents": "1956 Maryland Terrapins football team\nThe 1956 Maryland Terrapins football team represented the University of Maryland in the 1956 NCAA University Division football season as a member of the Atlantic Coast Conference. They were led by first-year head coach Tommy Mont, who had been promoted from backfield assistant after Jim Tatum left to take over at North Carolina. Preseason hopes were high for the team, but it suffered numerous injuries and other misfortunes. Maryland finished with a 2\u20137\u20131 record, and the Associated Press called it \"one of the year's most disappointing football teams\".", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [37, 37], "content_span": [38, 594]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073878-0001-0000", "contents": "1956 Maryland Terrapins football team, Before the season\nMaryland head coach Jim Tatum resigned on January 8, 1956, to take the same post at his alma mater, North Carolina, and he was replaced by backfield coach Tommy Mont. Mont was a former quarterback for Maryland and the Washington Redskins. Mont came with the personal recommendation of Tatum. Tatum also instructed his former players to stay at Maryland rather than follow him by transferring to North Carolina.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [39, 56], "content_span": [57, 467]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073878-0002-0000", "contents": "1956 Maryland Terrapins football team, Before the season\nAs head coach, Mont was unable to recruit the highly skilled athletes that Tatum had consistently secured during his tenure. Rod Breedlove, who played on freshman team in 1956 and started on the varsity squad thereafter, was an exception as one of the best guard prospects in the nation. Due to the pressures associated with coaching a major college program, Mont eventually resigned as head coach after the 1958 season in order to take the same position at DePauw University.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [39, 56], "content_span": [57, 533]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073878-0003-0000", "contents": "1956 Maryland Terrapins football team, Season\nMaryland entered 1956 ranked number-six in the Associated Press preseason poll. The previous year, the freshman Terrapins finished with an undefeated record, and Sports Illustrated had called it the \"best freshman team in the entire South.\" Before resigning his post as head coach, Jim Tatum had said before the 1956 Orange Bowl, \"Our 1956 squad will have the greatest potential of all, despite the loss of ten seniors.\"", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [39, 45], "content_span": [46, 466]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073878-0004-0000", "contents": "1956 Maryland Terrapins football team, Season\nThe roster, however, was depleted by injuries and the team beset by bad luck in general. The 1957 edition of The Terrapin yearbook wrote the most serious blow to the team's prospects occurred when would-be starting quarterback Frank Tamburello was drafted into the Army. Maryland lost another returner when back Phil Perlo did not re-enroll at the school. In another twist of fate, the entire team had to be inoculated against jaundice after starting halfback Howie Dare and a reserve center were diagnosed with the malady. Dare would miss the entire season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [39, 45], "content_span": [46, 604]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073878-0005-0000", "contents": "1956 Maryland Terrapins football team, Season\nIn the season opener, Syracuse soundly defeated Maryland, 26\u201312, which in part, \"rudely jolted\" the preseason prognostications of many college football experts. After the Terrapins edged Wake Forest, 6\u20130, 16th-ranked Baylor handed Maryland its first shutout, 14\u20130, in 70\u00a0games. The following week at the Orange Bowl, 13th-ranked Miami resorted to the air to beat Maryland, 13\u20136. After the loss, the Associated Press called the Terrapins squad \"one of the year's most disappointing football teams.\"", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [39, 45], "content_span": [46, 543]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073878-0006-0000", "contents": "1956 Maryland Terrapins football team, Season\nLed by former Terrapins' coach Jim Tatum, North Carolina decisively beat Maryland, 34\u20136, in one of its two wins of the season. Both Carolina victories, however, were later vacated due to use of an ineligible player, although Maryland records still credit the Tar Heels with the win.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [39, 45], "content_span": [46, 328]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073878-0007-0000", "contents": "1956 Maryland Terrapins football team, Season\nA week later, Johnny Majors led third-ranked Tennessee to beat Maryland, 34\u20137, and completed three touchdown passes while \"hitting his receivers with the accuracy of a mountaineer rifleman.\" After a loss to Kentucky, Maryland tied 11th-ranked Clemson, which had hoped to secure its invitation to the Orange Bowl as the ACC representative.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [39, 45], "content_span": [46, 384]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073878-0008-0000", "contents": "1956 Maryland Terrapins football team, Season\nMaryland lost at South Carolina, 13\u20130, and then traveled to Raleigh to face North Carolina State. Maryland trailed in the second half, but a 103-yard interception return from the Terrapins' end zone by back Dickie Lewis sparked a comeback. Maryland won, 25\u201314, to finish the season with a 2\u20137\u20131 mark.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [39, 45], "content_span": [46, 346]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073878-0009-0000", "contents": "1956 Maryland Terrapins football team, Season\nAfter the season, The Baltimore Sun described Mont and quarterback John Fritsch as \"two of the biggest fall guys in college football this year\" for events beyond their control.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [39, 45], "content_span": [46, 222]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073879-0000-0000", "contents": "1956 Massachusetts elections\nA Massachusetts general election was held on November 6, 1956, in the Commonwealth of Massachusetts.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [28, 28], "content_span": [29, 129]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073879-0001-0000", "contents": "1956 Massachusetts elections\nDemocratic and Republican candidates were selected in party primaries held on September 18, 1956.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [28, 28], "content_span": [29, 126]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073879-0002-0000", "contents": "1956 Massachusetts elections, Statewide elections, Governor\nDemocrat Foster Furcolo was elected over Republican Sumner G. Whittier, Socialist Labor candidate Henning A. Blomen, and Prohibition candidate Mark R. Shaw.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 59], "content_span": [60, 216]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073879-0003-0000", "contents": "1956 Massachusetts elections, Statewide elections, Lieutenant governor\nDemocrat Robert F. Murphy was elected Lieutenant Governor over Republican Charles Gibbons, Socialist Labor candidate Francis A. Votano, and Prohibition candidate Harold E. Bassett.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 70], "content_span": [71, 251]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073879-0004-0000", "contents": "1956 Massachusetts elections, Statewide elections, Attorney general\nRepublican Attorney General George Fingold was re-elected over Democrat Edward J. McCormack Jr., Socialist Workers candidate Fred M. Ingersol, and Prohibition candidate Howard Rand in the general election.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 67], "content_span": [68, 273]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073879-0005-0000", "contents": "1956 Massachusetts elections, Statewide elections, Secretary of the Commonwealth\nIncumbent Secretary of the Commonwealth Edward J. Cronin defeated Republican Senate President Richard I. Furbush, Prohibition candidate Earl Dodge, and Socialist Labor candidate Lawrence Gilfedder in the general election.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 80], "content_span": [81, 302]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073879-0006-0000", "contents": "1956 Massachusetts elections, Statewide elections, Treasurer and Receiver-General\nIncumbent Treasurer and Receiver-General John Francis Kennedy defeated Norwood Selectman Clement A. Riley, John F. Buckley, John M. Kennedy, and Henry Joseph Hurley in the Democratic primary and Republican Robert H. Beaudreau, Socialist Labor candidate Willy N. Hogseth, and Prohibition candidate Isaac Goddard in the general election.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 81], "content_span": [82, 417]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073879-0007-0000", "contents": "1956 Massachusetts elections, Statewide elections, Auditor\nIncumbent Auditor Thomas J. Buckley defeated Republican Joseph A. Nobile, Socialist Labor candidate Anthony Martin, and Prohibition candidate John B. Lauder in the general election.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 58], "content_span": [59, 240]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073880-0000-0000", "contents": "1956 Massachusetts gubernatorial election\nThe 1956 Massachusetts gubernatorial election was held on November 6, 1956. Democrat Foster Furcolo was elected Governor of Massachusetts to replace incumbent Christian Herter, who did not run for re-election. Furcolo defeated Republican Sumner G. Whittier, Socialist Labor candidate Henning A. Blomen, and Prohibition candidate Mark R. Shaw.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 41], "section_span": [41, 41], "content_span": [42, 384]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073880-0001-0000", "contents": "1956 Massachusetts gubernatorial election\nIn the race for lieutenant governor, Democrat Robert F. Murphy defeated  Republican Charles Gibbons, Prohibition candidate Harold E. Bassett, and Socialist Labor candidate Francis A. Votano.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 41], "section_span": [41, 41], "content_span": [42, 232]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073881-0000-0000", "contents": "1956 Masters Tournament\nThe 1956 Masters Tournament was the 20th Masters Tournament, held April 5\u20138 at Augusta National Golf Club in Augusta, Georgia.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [23, 23], "content_span": [24, 150]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073881-0001-0000", "contents": "1956 Masters Tournament\nJack Burke Jr. won his first major championship and only Masters, one stroke ahead of amateur Ken Venturi. It was the final Masters played without a 36-hole cut. CBS televised the third and fourth rounds of the tournament for the first time, and has done so every year since.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [23, 23], "content_span": [24, 299]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073881-0002-0000", "contents": "1956 Masters Tournament\nBurke shot a 71 (\u22121) on Sunday, one of only two players to break par in the final round; he rallied from a tournament record eight shots back to pass Venturi, who had led the entire tournament. Then a 24-year-old amateur, Venturi opened with a first round 66 (\u22126), the best round to date at the Masters by an amateur. But on Sunday, he shot a 42 (+6) on the final nine holes to card a disappointing 80 (+8). Burke's 289, along with Sam Snead in 1954 and Zach Johnson in 2007, remains the highest winning total in Masters history.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [23, 23], "content_span": [24, 553]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073881-0003-0000", "contents": "1956 Masters Tournament\nBurke was late arriving at the course for his final round on Sunday after going to church and had only fifteen minutes to warm up. He won a second (and final) major title in late July at the PGA Championship, in its penultimate edition as a match play competition.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [23, 23], "content_span": [24, 288]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073881-0004-0000", "contents": "1956 Masters Tournament, Field\nJimmy Demaret, Claude Harmon, Ben Hogan (2,4,6,9,10), Cary Middlecoff (2,7,9,10,12), Byron Nelson (2,6,9), Henry Picard (6), Gene Sarazen (2,4,6), Horton Smith, Sam Snead (4,6,7,9,10), Craig Wood", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 30], "content_span": [31, 226]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073881-0005-0000", "contents": "1956 Masters Tournament, Field\nJulius Boros (9,10), Billy Burke, Johnny Farrell, Jack Fleck (10), Ed Furgol (9), Lawson Little (3,5), Tony Manero, Lloyd Mangrum (9), Fred McLeod, Sam Parks Jr., George Sargent, Lew Worsham (12)", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 30], "content_span": [31, 226]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073881-0006-0000", "contents": "1956 Masters Tournament, Field\nDick Chapman (5,a), Gene Littler (9,10), Billy Maxwell (9), Arnold Palmer (9,10), Skee Riegel (9), Sam Urzetta, Harvie Ward (5,8,9,10,11,a)", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 30], "content_span": [31, 170]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073881-0007-0000", "contents": "1956 Masters Tournament, Field\nWalter Burkemo (9), Doug Ford (7,10,12), Vic Ghezzi, Chick Harbert (7), Johnny Revolta, Jim Turnesa", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 30], "content_span": [31, 130]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073881-0008-0000", "contents": "1956 Masters Tournament, Field\nJerry Barber, Tommy Bolt (9,10,12), Jack Burke Jr. (9,10,12), Ted Kroll", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 30], "content_span": [31, 102]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073881-0009-0000", "contents": "1956 Masters Tournament, Field\nRex Baxter (a), William C. Campbell (a), Don Cherry (a), Bruce Cudd (a), Jimmy Jackson (a), Ed Meister (a), Dale Morey (a), Billy Joe Patton (a)", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 30], "content_span": [31, 175]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073881-0010-0000", "contents": "1956 Masters Tournament, Field\nPete Cooper, Jay Hebert, Dick Mayer, Johnny Palmer, Bob Rosburg (10), Mike Souchak (10)", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 30], "content_span": [31, 118]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073881-0011-0000", "contents": "1956 Masters Tournament, Field\nBob Harris, Fred Hawkins (12), Bud Holscher, Walker Inman, Shelley Mayfield (12), Al Mengert, George Schneiter, Ernie Vossler, Art Wall Jr.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 30], "content_span": [31, 170]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073881-0012-0000", "contents": "1956 Masters Tournament, Field\nBill Booe (a), Joe Campbell (a), Ed Hopkins (a), Bill Hyndman (a), Charles Kunkle (a), Jim McCoy (a), Hillman Robbins (9,a)", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 30], "content_span": [31, 154]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073881-0013-0000", "contents": "1956 Masters Tournament, Field\nAl Balding, Henry Cotton (4), Roberto De Vicenzo, Stan Leonard (9), Moe Norman (a)", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 30], "content_span": [31, 113]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073882-0000-0000", "contents": "1956 McDonald Chapel tornado\nThe 1956 McDonald Chapel tornado was a deadly weather event that took place during the afternoon of April 15, 1956, across the Greater Birmingham area in Jefferson County, Alabama, with damage most severe in McDonald Chapel. Retroactively rated an F4 on the Fujita scale, which was not invented until 1971, the tornado killed 25 people and injured 200 others. While only two known tornadoes touched down across the Southeastern United States (the other occurred in northern Georgia) on that day, the Birmingham tornado produced major devastation across areas west and north of downtown Birmingham.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [28, 28], "content_span": [29, 626]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073882-0001-0000", "contents": "1956 McDonald Chapel tornado, Meteorological synopsis\nAt 5:15\u00a0a.m. CST on April 15, the U.S. Weather Bureau office in Birmingham, Alabama, issued a bulletin that warned of the possibility that a \"tornado or two\" would touch down in an area covering western Tennessee, northern Mississippi, and northern Alabama\u2014namely, Lauderdale, Limestone, Lawrence, Colbert, and Morgan Counties, plus parts of Marion, Winston, Cullman, and Madison Counties. An update at noon local time highlighted the prospects for severe thunderstorms over west-central Alabama between 1:00\u20137:00\u00a0p.m. CST. Hail and gusts to 60 miles per hour (97\u00a0km/h) were expected to remain the primary hazards.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 53], "content_span": [54, 668]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073882-0002-0000", "contents": "1956 McDonald Chapel tornado, Confirmed tornadoes, McDonald Chapel/Sayreton, Alabama\nThe tornado started shortly before 3:00 PM CDT in Pleasant Grove, where a tornado \"roar\" was heard. Damage between Pleasant Grove and McDonald Chapel indicated that trees were felled in a single direction, so the damage was not listed as tornadic at first, but was considered part of the tornado in posthumous analysis. Next, the tornado struck McDonald Chapel with a path 200 yards (183\u00a0m) wide, devastating the community. Almost total destruction occurred in a swath 150\u2013200 yards (137\u2013183\u00a0m) wide. As it passed through McDonald Chapel, eyewitnesses described the tornado funnel as appearing filled with fire and smoke.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 84], "content_span": [85, 706]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073882-0002-0001", "contents": "1956 McDonald Chapel tornado, Confirmed tornadoes, McDonald Chapel/Sayreton, Alabama\nMany homes in McDonald Chapel were leveled, several of which were swept completely away. The most intense damage appeared to be F5 in intensity, but an F4 rating was rewarded because the homes were very poorly constructed. One of the homes reportedly had almost all of its brick foundation swept away, and a few larger homes were also leveled. The tornado continued across parts of, Edgewater, Pratt City, Fultondale, Village Creek, and Tarrant before lifting northwest of Trussville, near the Jefferson-St. Clair County line. The tornado passed just one to two miles north of downtown Birmingham as well as the Birmingham-Shuttlesworth International Airport. About 400 homes across northern Jefferson County were either damaged or destroyed. Most of the 25 deaths occurred at McDonald Chapel.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 84], "content_span": [85, 878]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073882-0003-0000", "contents": "1956 McDonald Chapel tornado, Confirmed tornadoes, McDonald Chapel/Sayreton, Alabama\nThe tornado event was similar to other deadly tornadoes on April 4, 1977, April 8, 1998, and April 27, 2011. The 1977 and 1998 tornadoes were rated F5, and killed 22 and 32 people, respectively, across most of the same areas that were hit in 1956. The 2011 event was rated high-end EF4, and killed 20 people in the area along with 44 others in Tuscaloosa earlier along its path. With 25 fatalities, the McDonald Chapel F4 was the deadliest tornado of 1956, surpassing the Grand Rapids F5 that killed 18 people on April 3.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 84], "content_span": [85, 606]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073883-0000-0000", "contents": "1956 Meath Intermediate Football Championship\nThe 1956 Meath Intermediate Football Championship is the 30th edition of the Meath GAA's premier club Gaelic football tournament for intermediate graded teams in County Meath, Ireland. The tournament consists of 12 teams. The championship format consists of a group stage before progressing to a knock-out stage.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 45], "section_span": [45, 45], "content_span": [46, 358]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073883-0001-0000", "contents": "1956 Meath Intermediate Football Championship\nAt the end of the season Ballinabrackey, Clonard, Curraha and Kilcloon all applied to be regraded to the 1957 J.A.F.C. Dunshaughlin (Intermediate finalists this season) decided not to field a team in either the 1957 S.F.C. or I.F.C. They did enter a team in the Meath J.F.C. Eastern Division in 1957.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 45], "section_span": [45, 45], "content_span": [46, 346]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073883-0002-0000", "contents": "1956 Meath Intermediate Football Championship\nOn 14 October 1956, Navan O'Mahonys 'B' claimed their 1st Intermediate championship title (for the club as a whole) when they defeated Dunshaughlin 3-6 to 0-5 in the final replay at Trim. They couldn't be promoted to senior level however due to the rule that a club cannot enter two teams in the one grade.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 45], "section_span": [45, 45], "content_span": [46, 352]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073883-0003-0000", "contents": "1956 Meath Intermediate Football Championship, Team changes\nThe following teams have changed division since the 1955 championship season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 45], "section_span": [47, 59], "content_span": [60, 137]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073883-0004-0000", "contents": "1956 Meath Intermediate Football Championship, Group stage\nThere are 2 groups called Group A and B. The top finisher in each group will qualify for the Final. Many results were unavailable in the Meath Chronicle.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 45], "section_span": [47, 58], "content_span": [59, 212]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073884-0000-0000", "contents": "1956 Meath Senior Football Championship\nThe 1956 Meath Senior Football Championship is the 64th edition of the Meath GAA's premier club Gaelic football tournament for senior graded teams in County Meath, Ireland. The tournament consists of 12 teams. The championship employs a group stage followed by a final between the group winners.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [39, 39], "content_span": [40, 335]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073884-0001-0000", "contents": "1956 Meath Senior Football Championship\nThis season saw Duleek's return to the top flight after claiming the 1955 Meath Intermediate Football Championship title. Carnaross also made a return to the grade after claiming the 1955 J.F.C. title.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [39, 39], "content_span": [40, 241]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073884-0002-0000", "contents": "1956 Meath Senior Football Championship\nSt. Vincent's were the defending champions after they defeated Kells Harps in the previous years final, however they lost their crown by failing to progress past the group stages.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [39, 39], "content_span": [40, 219]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073884-0003-0000", "contents": "1956 Meath Senior Football Championship\nSyddan claimed their 4th S.F.C. title in front of approximately 4,000 people by defeating Skryne in the final at Pairc Tailteann by 3-4 to 2-6 on 14 October 1956. Tommy Farrelly raised the Keegan Cup for the North Meath side.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [39, 39], "content_span": [40, 265]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073884-0004-0000", "contents": "1956 Meath Senior Football Championship\nAt the end of the season the two newly promoted sides (Carnaross and Duleek) were regraded to the 1957 I.F.C.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [39, 39], "content_span": [40, 149]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073884-0005-0000", "contents": "1956 Meath Senior Football Championship, Team Changes\nThe following teams have changed division since the 1955 championship season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 53], "content_span": [54, 131]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073885-0000-0000", "contents": "1956 Meistaradeildin, Overview\nIt was contested by 5 teams, and K\u00cd Klaksv\u00edk won the championship.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [22, 30], "content_span": [31, 97]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073886-0000-0000", "contents": "1956 Melton by-election\nThe 1956 Melton by-election was held on 19 December 1956 after the resignation of the incumbent Conservative MP Anthony Nutting over a disagreement with his party over the Suez Crisis. The by-election was won by the Conservative candidate Mervyn Pike.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [23, 23], "content_span": [24, 275]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073887-0000-0000", "contents": "1956 Memorial Cup\nThe 1956 Memorial Cup final was the 38th junior ice hockey championship of the Canadian Amateur Hockey Association. The George Richardson Memorial Trophy champions Toronto Marlboros of the Ontario Hockey Association in Eastern Canada competed against the Abbott Cup champions Regina Pats of the Western Canada Junior Hockey League in Western Canada, in a rematch of the 1955 final. In a best-of-seven series, held at Maple Leaf Gardens in Toronto, Ontario, Toronto won their second consecutive Memorial Cup, and third overall, defeating Regina 4 games to 0, with 1 tie.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [17, 17], "content_span": [18, 587]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073887-0001-0000", "contents": "1956 Memorial Cup, Winning roster\nBobby Baun, Walt Boyer, Carl Brewer, Len Broderick, Stan Buda, Charlie Burns, Ron Casey, Gary Collins, Jim Crockett, Ron Farnfield, Ken Girard, Gord Haughton, Bill Kennedy, Al MacNeil, Jim Murchie, Harry Neale, Bob Nevin, Bob Pulford. Coach: Turk Broda", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 33], "content_span": [34, 286]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073888-0000-0000", "contents": "1956 Memphis State Tigers football team\nThe 1956 Memphis State Tigers football team was an American football team that represented Memphis State College (now known as the University of Memphis) as an independent during the 1956 NCAA College Division football season. In their tenth season under head coach Ralph Hatley, Memphis State compiled a 5\u20134\u20131 record and won the Burley Bowl.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [39, 39], "content_span": [40, 382]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073889-0000-0000", "contents": "1956 Men's British Open Squash Championship\nThe 1956 Open Championship was held at the Lansdowne Club in London from 21 March - 26 March. Hashim Khan won his sixth consecutive title defeating Roshan Khan in the final.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 43], "section_span": [43, 43], "content_span": [44, 217]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073889-0001-0000", "contents": "1956 Men's British Open Squash Championship\nHashim Khan set a new record by winning a sixth title overtaking the previous record set by F.D. Amr Bey", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 43], "section_span": [43, 43], "content_span": [44, 148]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073890-0000-0000", "contents": "1956 Men's South American Volleyball Championship\nThe 1956 Men's South American Volleyball Championship, the 2nd tournament, took place in 1956 in Montevideo (\u00a0Uruguay).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 49], "section_span": [49, 49], "content_span": [50, 169]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073891-0000-0000", "contents": "1956 Mestaruussarja\nThe 1956 season was the twenty-sixth completed season of Finnish Football League Championship, known as the Mestaruussarja.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [19, 19], "content_span": [20, 143]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073891-0001-0000", "contents": "1956 Mestaruussarja, Overview\nThe Mestaruussarja was administered by the Finnish Football Association and the competition's 1956 season was contested by 10 teams. KuPS Kuopio won the championship and the two lowest placed teams of the competition, VIFK Vaasa and Pyrkiv\u00e4 Turku, were relegated to the Suomensarja.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [21, 29], "content_span": [30, 312]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073892-0000-0000", "contents": "1956 Miami Hurricanes football team\nThe 1956 Miami Hurricanes football team represented the University of Miami as an independent during the 1956 NCAA University Division football season. Led by ninth-year head coach Andy Gustafson, the Hurricanes played their home games at Burdine Stadium in Miami, Florida. Miami finished the season 8\u20131\u20131.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [35, 35], "content_span": [36, 342]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073893-0000-0000", "contents": "1956 Miami Redskins football team\nThe 1956 Miami Redskins football team was an American football team that represented Miami University in the Mid-American Conference (MAC) during the 1956 NCAA University Division football season. In its first season under head coach John Pont, Miami compiled a 7\u20131-1 record (4\u20130\u20131 against MAC opponents), finished in second place in the MAC, held five of nine opponents to seven points or less, and outscored all opponents by a combined total of 159 to 83.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [33, 33], "content_span": [34, 491]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073893-0001-0000", "contents": "1956 Miami Redskins football team\nMack Yoho was the team captain. The team's statistical leaders included Dave Thelen with 635 rushing yards, Tom Dimitroff with 349 passing yards, and Charles Brockmeyer with 60 receiving yards.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [33, 33], "content_span": [34, 227]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073894-0000-0000", "contents": "1956 Michigan State Spartans football team\nThe 1956 Michigan State Spartans football team was an American football team that represented Michigan State University in the 1956 Big Ten Conference football season. In their third season under head coach Duffy Daugherty, the Spartans compiled a 7\u20132 overall record (4\u20132 against Big Ten Conference opponents) and were ranked No. 9 in the final AP Poll and No. 10 in the final Coaches Poll.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 42], "section_span": [42, 42], "content_span": [43, 433]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073894-0001-0000", "contents": "1956 Michigan State Spartans football team\nCenter John Matsko was selected by the Associated Press as a first-team player on the 1956 All-Big Ten Conference football team. The team's statistical leaders included quarterback Pat Wilson with 414 passing yards, Dennis Mendyk with 495 rushing yards, and Tony Kolodziej with 221 receiving yards.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 42], "section_span": [42, 42], "content_span": [43, 341]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073894-0002-0000", "contents": "1956 Michigan State Spartans football team, Preseason\nIn the final AP Poll of the 1955 season, Michigan State had been ranked No. 2 . In the 1956 pre-season AP Poll, Michigan State remained ranked at No. 2.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 42], "section_span": [44, 53], "content_span": [54, 206]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073894-0003-0000", "contents": "1956 Michigan State Spartans football team, Game summaries\nOn September 29, 1956, Michigan State (ranked No. 3 in the AP Poll) defeated Stanford (ranked No. 12), 21\u20137, before a crowd of 55,000 at Stanford Stadium in Stanford, California. The game was tied at the end of the third quarter, and Michigan State scored two touchdowns in the fourth quarter. Dennis Mendyk rushed for 72 yards on 14 carries.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 42], "section_span": [44, 58], "content_span": [59, 401]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073894-0004-0000", "contents": "1956 Michigan State Spartans football team, Game summaries\nOn October 6, Michigan State (ranked No. 2 in the AP Poll) defeated Michigan (ranked No. 5), 9\u20130, before a crowd of 101,001 at Michigan Stadium in Ann Arbor. Michigan dominated the game in the first half but was unable to score. Michigan State was hampered by an ankle injury to its leading rusher (Walt Kowalczyk) and a passing game that failed to complete a single pass. In the third quarter, the Spartans kicked a field goal after Arch Matsos intercepted a pass at Michigan's 38-yard line. John Matsko, who had not attempted a field goal in high school or in three years of college ball, kicked the field goal. In the fourth quarter, John Herrnstein fumbled at Michigan's 21-yard line, setting up a touchdown run by Dennis Mendyk.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 42], "section_span": [44, 58], "content_span": [59, 792]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073894-0005-0000", "contents": "1956 Michigan State Spartans football team, Game summaries\nOn October 13, Michigan State (ranked No. 2 in the AP Poll) defeated Indiana, 53\u20136, before a crowd of 58,858 at Macklin Stadium in East Lansing, Michigan. The Spartans gained 264 rushing yards and 204 passing yards. Clarence Peaks also returned a punt 63 yards for a touchdown. Michigan State played backups for much of the second half with a total of 50 Spartans seeing game action. The outcome was Indiana's worst defeat since 1948.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 42], "section_span": [44, 58], "content_span": [59, 493]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073894-0006-0000", "contents": "1956 Michigan State Spartans football team, Game summaries\nOn October 20, Michigan State (ranked No. 2 in the AP Poll) defeated Notre Dame, 47\u201314, before a crowd of 59,378 at Notre Dame Stadium in South Bend. Michigan State gained 521 yards, 396 on the ground and 171 in the air. Dennis Mendyk led the Spartans attack with 157 rushing yards, including touchdown runs of 62 and 68 yards in the third quarter. After the game, Michigan State rose to No. 1 in the following week's AP and UPI polls.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 42], "section_span": [44, 58], "content_span": [59, 494]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073894-0007-0000", "contents": "1956 Michigan State Spartans football team, Game summaries\nOn October 20, Illinois defeated Michigan State, 20\u201313, before a homecoming crowd of 71,119 at Memorial Stadium in Champaign. Michigan State was ranked No. 1 before the game and had its national championship hopes, and a 12-game winning streak, dashed by the defeat. The Spartans led, 13\u20130, at halftime, but Abe Woodson, the Big Ten's indoor sprint champion, led the Illini to 20 unanswered points in the second half. Woodson scored all three Illinois touchdowns: a 70-yard touchdown run, an 82-touchdown reception, and a short touchdown run. Woodson had 116 rushing yards and total gains of 198 yards.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 42], "section_span": [44, 58], "content_span": [59, 661]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073894-0008-0000", "contents": "1956 Michigan State Spartans football team, Game summaries\nOn November 3, Michigan State (ranked No. 4 in the AP Poll) defeated Wisconsin, 33\u20130, before a crowd of 53,647 at Macklin Stadium in East Lansing. Michigan State totaled 352 rushing yards and 168 passing yards. The result was Wisconsin's worst defeat since 1949.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 42], "section_span": [44, 58], "content_span": [59, 321]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073894-0009-0000", "contents": "1956 Michigan State Spartans football team, Game summaries\nOn November 10, Michigan State (ranked No. 4 in the AP Poll) defeated Purdue, 12\u20139, before a crowd of 56,431 at Macklin Stadium in East Lansing. Purdue was a three touchdown underdog without Len Dawson but scored on a touchdown run by Mel Dillard and a safety triggered by Fletcher tackling Martin in the end zone. Michigan State scored two touchdowns, a 27-yard pass from Jim Ninowski to Harold Dukes, and a fumble recovery by Tony Kolodziej in Purdue's end zone.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 42], "section_span": [44, 58], "content_span": [59, 523]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073894-0010-0000", "contents": "1956 Michigan State Spartans football team, Game summaries\nOn November 17, Minnesota (ranked No. 17 in the AP Poll) defeated Michigan State (ranked No. 3), 14\u201313, before a crowd of 62,478 at Memorial Stadium in Minneapolis. Bobby Cox led the way for Minnesota.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 42], "section_span": [44, 58], "content_span": [59, 260]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073894-0011-0000", "contents": "1956 Michigan State Spartans football team, Game summaries\nOn November 24, Michigan State (ranked No. 10 in the AP Poll) defeated Kansas State, 38\u201317, before a crowd of 34,115 at Macklin Stadium in East Lansing. Michigan State set a modern school record with 12 fumbles in the game. Despite the victory, Hal Middlesworth of the Detroit Free Press wrote: \"But down on the frozen turf of Macklin Stadium, it was a fumbling, bumbling performance which will find no place among State's galaxy of great games.\"", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 42], "section_span": [44, 58], "content_span": [59, 505]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073894-0012-0000", "contents": "1956 Michigan State Spartans football team, Rankings and awards\nOn December 3, 1956, both the Associated Press (AP) and United Press (UP) released their final college football polls. Both organizations ranked undefeated Oklahoma at the No. 1 spot. The AP ranked the Spartans at No. 9, and the UP ranked them at No. 10", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 42], "section_span": [44, 63], "content_span": [64, 317]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073894-0013-0000", "contents": "1956 Michigan State Spartans football team, Rankings and awards\nOnly one Michigan State player, center John Matsko, was picked by the Associated Press (AP) and/or the United Press (UP) as a first-team player on the 1956 All-Big Ten Conference football team. Matsko received first-team honors from the AP. Three other Spartans received second-team all-conference honors: halfback Clarence Peaks (AP-2, UP-2), guard Dan Currie (AP-2, UP-2), and tackle Joel Jones (AP-2, UP-2). No Michigan State players received first-team All-American honors in 1956, though Matsko and Currie received second-team honors.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 42], "section_span": [44, 63], "content_span": [64, 603]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073894-0014-0000", "contents": "1956 Michigan State Spartans football team, 1957 NFL Draft\nThe following Michigan State players were among the first 100 picks in the 1957 NFL Draft:", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 42], "section_span": [44, 58], "content_span": [59, 149]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073895-0000-0000", "contents": "1956 Michigan Wolverines football team\nThe 1956 Michigan Wolverines football team was an American football team that represented the University of Michigan in the 1956 Big Ten Conference football season. In their ninth year under head coach was Bennie Oosterbaan, the Wolverines compiled a 7-2 record (5-2 Big Ten), outscored opponents 233 to 123, and finished the season in second place in the Big Ten Conference and ranked #7 in the final 1956 AP poll. The team played five of its nine games against ranked opponents, losing to #2 Michigan State by a 9-0 score and #15 Minnesota by a 20-7 score, but defeating #15 Army by a 48-14 score, #7 Iowa by a 17-14 score, and #12 Ohio State by a 19-0 score.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [38, 38], "content_span": [39, 700]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073895-0001-0000", "contents": "1956 Michigan Wolverines football team\nEnd Ron Kramer was selected as a consensus All-American and a first team All-Big Ten player. Guard Dick Hill was selected as the team's Most Valuable Player and was named by the Associated Press (AP) as a first-team All-Big Ten player. Halfback Terry Barr averaged 6.1 yards per carry rushing and 19.7 yards per punt return and was selected as a first-team All-Big Ten player by the United Press (UP).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [38, 38], "content_span": [39, 440]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073895-0002-0000", "contents": "1956 Michigan Wolverines football team, Season summary, Game 1: UCLA\nOn September 29, 1956, Michigan opened its season with a 42\u201313 victory over UCLA. The Bruins were ranked #4 in the final AP Poll in 1955, but lost a number of players due to sanctions imposed by the Pacific Coast Conference. Michigan rushed for 234 yards against UCLA, including 67 yards by junior halfback Jim Pace. In the air, Michigan completed four of nine passes for 103 yards, including a 13-yard touchdown pass from Bob Ptacek to Jim Van Pelt and a 70-yard touchdown pass from Terry Barr to Ron Kramer.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 68], "content_span": [69, 578]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073895-0002-0001", "contents": "1956 Michigan Wolverines football team, Season summary, Game 1: UCLA\nBarr also set up a touchdown with a 51-yard punt return to the UCLA 15-yard line in the first quarter. Halfback John Herrnstein scored two touchdowns for Michigan on runs of six and four yards. Ed Shannon and Jim Dickey also scored touchdowns for Michigan. Kramer and Maddock each kicked three extra points for Michigan.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 68], "content_span": [69, 389]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073895-0003-0000", "contents": "1956 Michigan Wolverines football team, Season summary, Game 2: Michigan State\nOn October 6, 1956, Michigan (ranked No. 5 in the AP Poll) lost to Michigan State (ranked No. 2), 9\u20130, before a crowd of 101,001 at Michigan Stadium. After a scoreless first half in which Michigan dominated statistically, turnovers led to two Michigan State scores. In the third quarter, John Herrnstein was intercepted at Michigan's 38-yard line, setting up a 20-yard field goal by John Matsko. In the fourth quarter, Herrnstein fumbled, and Michigan State recovered the ball at Michigan's 21-yard line, leading to a Spartan touchdown shortly thereafter.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 78], "content_span": [79, 634]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073895-0004-0000", "contents": "1956 Michigan Wolverines football team, Season summary, Game 3: Army\nOn October 13, 1956, Michigan (ranked No. 12 in the AP Poll) defeated Army (ranked No. 15), 48\u201314, before a crowd of 93,101 at Michigan Stadium. Army fumbled eight times with Michigan recovering six times. Michigan led, 27-0, at halftime, and none of Michigan's starters played in the second half. Michigan totaled 246 rushing yards and 124 passing yards. Seven different Wolverines scored touchdowns: Jim Pace, Terry Barr, Bob Ptacek, Gary Prahst, John Herrnstein, Jim Van Pelt, and Jim Maddock.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 68], "content_span": [69, 565]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073895-0005-0000", "contents": "1956 Michigan Wolverines football team, Season summary, Game 4: Northwestern\nOn October 20, 1956, Michigan (ranked No. 8 in the AP Poll) defeated Northwestern, 34\u201320, before a crowd of 81,227 at Michigan Stadium. John Herrnstein scored three touchdowns. Jim Maddock scored on a 15-yard pass from Bob Ptacek, and Ron Kramer also scored on a 15-yard pass from Terry Barr. Michigan totaled 283 rushing yards and 156 passing yards.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 76], "content_span": [77, 427]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073895-0006-0000", "contents": "1956 Michigan Wolverines football team, Season summary, Game 9: Ohio State\nOn November 24, Michigan defeated Ohio State, 19-0, before a crowd of 82,223 in Columbus, Ohio. Senior back Terry Barr, playing in his final game for Michigan, scored two touchdowns. Quarterback Jim Maddock also scored a touchdown. Ron Kramer converted one of three extra point kicks. On defense, the Wolverines allowed only one completed pass and intercepted two.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 74], "content_span": [75, 439]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073895-0007-0000", "contents": "1956 Michigan Wolverines football team, Players, Varsity letter winners\nThe following players won varsity letters for their participation on the 1956 Michigan football team. Players who started at least half of Michigan's games are shown in bold.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 71], "content_span": [72, 246]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073896-0000-0000", "contents": "1956 Michigan gubernatorial election\nThe 1956 Michigan gubernatorial election was held on November 6, 1956. Incumbent Democrat G. Mennen Williams defeated Republican nominee Albert E. Cobo with 54.65% of the vote.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [36, 36], "content_span": [37, 213]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073897-0000-0000", "contents": "1956 Mid Ulster by-election\nThe by-election held in Mid Ulster on 8 May 1956 was called because both candidates in the 1955 Mid Ulster by-election were disqualified. Tom Mitchell was disqualified from assuming office because he was a convicted felon. Charles Beattie was awarded the seat but he was also disqualified because he held an office of profit under the Crown.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [27, 27], "content_span": [28, 369]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073898-0000-0000", "contents": "1956 Milan\u2013San Remo\nThe 1956 Milan\u2013San Remo was the 47th edition of the Milan\u2013San Remo cycle race and was held on 19 March 1956. The race started in Milan and finished in San Remo. The race was won by Fred De Bruyne.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [19, 19], "content_span": [20, 216]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073899-0000-0000", "contents": "1956 Mille Miglia\nThe 23. edizione Mille Miglia  was an auto race held on a 992.332 mile (1597\u00a0km) course made up entirely of public roads around Italy, mostly on the outer parts of the country on 28\u201329 April 1956. The route was based on a round trip between Brescia and Rome, with start/finish, in Brescia. It was the 3rd round of the 1956 World Sportscar Championship.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [17, 17], "content_span": [18, 370]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073899-0001-0000", "contents": "1956 Mille Miglia\nAs in previous years, the event this not strictly a race against each other, this is race against the clock, as the cars are released at one-minute intervals with the larger professional class cars going before the slower cars, in the Mille Miglia, however  the smaller displacement slower cars started first. Each car number related to their allocated start time. For example Peter Collins\u2019s car had the number 551, he left Brescia at 5:51am, while the first cars had started late in the evening on the previous day. Some drivers went with navigators, others didn't; a number of local Italian drivers had knowledge of the routes being used and felt confident enough that they wouldn't need one.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [17, 17], "content_span": [18, 713]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073899-0002-0000", "contents": "1956 Mille Miglia\nThis race was won by Scuderia Ferrari driver Eugenio Castellotti without the aid of a navigator. He completed the 992-mile distance in 11 hours, 37 minutes and 10 seconds- an average speed of 85.403\u00a0mph (137.442\u00a0km/h). The Italian finished 12 minutes in front of their second-placed team-mates, the English pairing of Collins and Louis Klementaski. Luigi Musso and Juan Manuel Fangio were next ensuring Ferrari finished 1-2-3-4.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [17, 17], "content_span": [18, 446]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073899-0003-0000", "contents": "1956 Mille Miglia, Report, Entry\nA total of 426 cars were entered for the event, across 13 classes based on engine sizes, ranging from up to 750cc to over 2.0-litre, for Grand Touring Cars, Touring Cars and Sport Cars. Of these, 365 cars started the event.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 32], "content_span": [33, 256]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073899-0004-0000", "contents": "1956 Mille Miglia, Report, Entry\nFollowing Daimler Benz AG and Lancia both withdrawing from motor sport at the end of 1955, this left the World Sportscar Championship wide open for Ferrari to regain the title their held in 1953 and 1954. Although Maserati had other ideas. After one win apiece from the first two races, Ferrari had the upper hand, and led the championship by four points.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 32], "content_span": [33, 388]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073899-0005-0000", "contents": "1956 Mille Miglia, Report, Entry\nFor this year's Mille Miglia, the only factory teams were Ferrari and Maserati. Scuderia Ferrari brought five cars: two 290 MMs for Castellotti and Fangio, two 860 Monzas for Collins and Musso, with a 250 GT SWB for Olivier Gendebien. The other works team was Maserati, who entered three cars driver by Stirling Moss (350S), Piero Taruffi and Cesare Perdisa, both in 300S. Meanwhile, there was a significant contingent of Mercedes-Benz cars \u2013 no less than 14 semi-works Mercedes-Benz 300SL. With the numbers of participants being reduced by the organisers, many international racing teams and their drivers stayed away from the race.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 32], "content_span": [33, 666]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073899-0006-0000", "contents": "1956 Mille Miglia, Race\nFerrari\u2019s race plan was, on the first half of the race, Castellotti and Fangio would push hard in their faster cars, with Collins and Musso, saving their strength for the return leg, arriving fresh in Rome, then able to attack over the rough and winding mountain passes of Radicofani, Futa and Raticosa. Despite this plan Maserati of Taruffi took the lead between Ravenna and Forl\u00ec, but problems with wet brakes forced him to stop at Savignano sul Ruibcone. The Mercedes of Wolfgang von Trips took over the lead, ahead of Castellotti and the Mercedes of Fritz Reiss.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 23], "content_span": [24, 590]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073899-0006-0001", "contents": "1956 Mille Miglia, Race\nThe early race sensation were the two Osca drivers Giulio Cabianca and Umberto Maglioli that were laying in fifth and seventh in their little 1.2 litre 4-cylinder cars. But von Trips left the road in Pescara, while Moss did the same in Antrodoco. By Rome, Reiss would be the only threat to Ferrari, but he too was forced to slow down, eventually finishing tenth overall. Castellotti went on to win the event. In the fast mountain passes down to Pescara, the Osca drivers could keep up the pace and soon fell back the standings.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 23], "content_span": [24, 551]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073899-0007-0000", "contents": "1956 Mille Miglia, Race\nHowever, the event was a terrible race with heavy rain throughout Italy which led to many crashes. In spite of the attempt by the organisers to make the event safer, there were still a number of fatal accidents, including one that resulted in the death of the Englishman, John Heath. He came off the wet road before Ravenna and overturned into a ditch. He died the next day from his injuries in a local hospital. Another fatality occurred in the small town of Montemarciano, when the Mercedes-Benz 300 SL, driven by the German pairing of Helmut Busch and Wolfgang Piwco. At the time of the accident, Piwco was driving when the car hit a wall, killing he instantly, while Busch suffered only minor injuries, also one spectator injured. A third accident also claimed the life of Swiss navigator, Max Berney.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 23], "content_span": [24, 829]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073899-0008-0000", "contents": "1956 Mille Miglia, Race\nWhen Castellotti arrived back in Brescia, he had more than a ten-minute advantage over Collins. With Musso in third, Fangio in fourth and Gendebien fifth competing a top five clean sweep for Ferrari. Maserati experienced a debacle with only Jean Behra making back to Brescia after making several repairs on his way to 20th overall. Behind the Ferrari, were three Mercedes of Paul von Metternich, Wolfgang Seidel and Jacques Pollet, in sixth, seventh and eighth respectively. Cabianca would eventually finish in ninth after a spirited drive. Reiss was plagued by engine problems late in the race, arrived in tenth. Castellotti reached Brescia at 17:25; 11 hours and 37 minutes after he left Brescia at 05:48, arriving a speed of 85.403\u00a0mph.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 23], "content_span": [24, 763]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073899-0009-0000", "contents": "1956 Mille Miglia, Classification, Official Results\nOf the 365 starters, 182 were classified as finishers. Therefore, only a selection of notably racers has been listed below.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 51], "content_span": [52, 175]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073899-0010-0000", "contents": "1956 Mille Miglia, Standings after the race\nChampionship points were awarded for the first six places in each race in the order of 8-6-4-3-2-1. Manufacturers were only awarded points for their highest finishing car with no points awarded for positions filled by additional cars. Only the best 3 results out of the 5 races could be retained by each manufacturer. Points earned but not counted towards the championship totals are listed within brackets in the above table.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 43], "content_span": [44, 470]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073900-0000-0000", "contents": "1956 Milwaukee Braves season\nThe 1956 Milwaukee Braves season was the fourth in Milwaukee and the 86th overall season of the franchise. The Braves finished in second place in the National League, just one game behind the Brooklyn Dodgers in the league standings, and one game ahead of the Cincinnati Reds. All three teams posted wins on the final day of the season; the Braves had entered the final three games with a game advantage, but dropped the first two at St. Louis while the Dodgers swept the Pirates.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [28, 28], "content_span": [29, 509]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073900-0001-0000", "contents": "1956 Milwaukee Braves season\nThe Braves' led the major leagues in home attendance with 2,046,331; next closest was the New York Yankees of the American League at under 1.5 million. The runner-up in NL attendance was champion Brooklyn at under 1.22 million. The Braves averaged 30,093 for the 68 home dates.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [28, 28], "content_span": [29, 306]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073900-0002-0000", "contents": "1956 Milwaukee Braves season, Regular season, Season summary\nUnder opening day manager Charlie Grimm, the Braves got off to a mediocre start at 24\u201322 (.522). After a loss on Saturday, June 16, the owners dismissed him and replaced him with Fred Haney, who led the Braves to a 68\u201340 (.630) record for the rest of the season. Finishing at 92\u201362 (.597), the Braves nearly caught up with the Dodgers, who finished a game ahead at 93\u201361 (.604). Haney managed the Braves to the World Series in 1957 and 1958, and then to a tie atop the National League standings in 1959, tied with the Los Angeles Dodgers.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 60], "content_span": [61, 599]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073900-0003-0000", "contents": "1956 Milwaukee Braves season, Regular season, Season summary\nIn individual performance statistics, outfielder Hank Aaron led the league in hits with 200, in batting average at .328, and in doubles with 34. His 106 runs scored led the Braves. First baseman Joe Adcock led the Braves with 38 home runs and 103 runs batted in. The Braves' other hitting star was their third baseman, Eddie Mathews, who played in 151 games, hit 37 home runs, scored 103 runs, and batted in 95 runs.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 60], "content_span": [61, 477]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073900-0004-0000", "contents": "1956 Milwaukee Braves season, Regular season, Season summary\nThe pitching leaders for the Braves were their \"big three\" starting pitchers (listed with their won-loss records): Warren Spahn (20\u201311 (.645)), Lew Burdette (19\u201310 (.655)), and Bob Buhl (18\u20138 (.692)). Spahn also recorded three saves among the four games in which he was used as a relief pitcher.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 60], "content_span": [61, 356]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073900-0005-0000", "contents": "1956 Milwaukee Braves season, Regular season, Season summary\nOutfielder Bobby Thomson also had his best season, out of three, with the Braves, with 142 games played, 20 home runs, and 74 runs batted in, but just a .235 batting average. Then, the next season, Thomson was traded back to the New York Giants.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 60], "content_span": [61, 306]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073900-0006-0000", "contents": "1956 Milwaukee Braves season, Player stats, Batting, Starters by position\nNote: Pos = Position; G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; R = Runs; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 73], "content_span": [74, 208]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073900-0007-0000", "contents": "1956 Milwaukee Braves season, Player stats, Batting, Other batters\nNote: G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 66], "content_span": [67, 175]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073900-0008-0000", "contents": "1956 Milwaukee Braves season, Player stats, Pitching, Starting pitchers\nNote: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 71], "content_span": [72, 182]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073900-0009-0000", "contents": "1956 Milwaukee Braves season, Player stats, Pitching, Other pitchers\nNote: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 68], "content_span": [69, 179]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073900-0010-0000", "contents": "1956 Milwaukee Braves season, Player stats, Pitching, Relief pitchers\nNote: G = Games pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; SV = Saves; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 69], "content_span": [70, 170]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073901-0000-0000", "contents": "1956 Minnesota Golden Gophers baseball team\nThe 1956 Minnesota Golden Gophers baseball team represented the University of Minnesota in the 1956 NCAA baseball season. The Golden Gophers played their home games at Delta Field. The team was coached by Dick Siebert in his 9th season at Minnesota.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 43], "section_span": [43, 43], "content_span": [44, 293]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073901-0001-0000", "contents": "1956 Minnesota Golden Gophers baseball team\nThe Golden Gophers won the College World Series, defeating the Arizona Wildcats in the championship game.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 43], "section_span": [43, 43], "content_span": [44, 149]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073902-0000-0000", "contents": "1956 Minnesota Golden Gophers football team\nThe 1956 Minnesota Golden Gophers football team was an American football team that represented the University of Minnesota in the 1956 Big Ten Conference football season. In their third year under head coach Murray Warmath, the Golden Gophers compiled a 6\u20131\u20132 record and outscored their opponents by a combined total of 127 to 87. The team finished 12th in the final AP Poll and ninth in the final Coaches Poll.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 43], "section_span": [43, 43], "content_span": [44, 455]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073902-0001-0000", "contents": "1956 Minnesota Golden Gophers football team\nQuarterback Bobby Cox received the team's Most Valuable Player award. Tackle Bob Hobert was selected by the Football Writers Association of America (for Look magazine) as a first-team player on the 1956 College Football All-America Team. Hobert was also named All-Big Ten first team, Academic All-American and Academic All-Big Ten. Offensive lineman Perry Gehring was named Academic All-Big Ten.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 43], "section_span": [43, 43], "content_span": [44, 439]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073902-0002-0000", "contents": "1956 Minnesota Golden Gophers football team\nTotal attendance for the season was 372,654, which averaged to 62,109. The season high for attendance was against rival Iowa.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 43], "section_span": [43, 43], "content_span": [44, 169]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073902-0003-0000", "contents": "1956 Minnesota Golden Gophers football team, Game summaries\nOn September 29, 1956, Minnesota defeated Washington, 34\u201314, before a crowd of 40,000 at Husky Stadium in Seattle. Quarterbacks Dick Larson and Bobby Cox led Minnesota on offense. Cox had played for Washington in 1954 threw a touchdown pass to give Minnesota the lead at halftime.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 43], "section_span": [45, 59], "content_span": [60, 340]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073902-0004-0000", "contents": "1956 Minnesota Golden Gophers football team, Game summaries\nOn October 6, Minnesota defeated Purdue, 21\u201314, before a crowd of 59,314 at Memorial Stadium in Minneapolis. Fullback Dick Borstad scored two Minnesota touchdowns on runs of 23 yards and one yard. Purdue quarterback Len Dawson completed seven of 13 passes for 102 yards and three interceptions.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 43], "section_span": [45, 59], "content_span": [60, 354]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073902-0005-0000", "contents": "1956 Minnesota Golden Gophers football team, Game summaries\nOn October 13, Minnesota (ranked No. 17 in the AP Poll) and Northwestern played to a scoreless tie in front of a crowd of 62,006 at Memorial Stadium in Minneapolis. Minnesota had been a 14-point favorite and moved the ball well, out-gaining Northwestern 271 yards to 142. However, the Gophers were unable to score, turning the ball over on fumbles three times, including one at Northwestern's goal line. Heavy rain slowed the teams in the second half.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 43], "section_span": [45, 59], "content_span": [60, 511]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073902-0006-0000", "contents": "1956 Minnesota Golden Gophers football team, Game summaries\nOn October 20, Minnesota defeated Illinois, 16\u201313, before a crowd of 63,037 at Memorial Stadium in Minneapolis. Dick Borstad kicked a field goal with two minutes remaining to put the Golden Gophers in the lead.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 43], "section_span": [45, 59], "content_span": [60, 270]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073902-0007-0000", "contents": "1956 Minnesota Golden Gophers football team, Game summaries\nOn October 27, in the annual battle for the Little Brown Jug, Minnesota defeated Michigan (ranked No. 5 in the AP Poll), 20\u20137, before a crowd of 84,639 at Michigan Stadium. Michigan led, 7\u20130, at halftime on 16-yard touchdown run by Terry Barr, but Barr was injured on the touchdown and did not return to the game. Minnesota came back in the second half with 20 unanswered points, including two touchdown runs by Bobby Cox.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 43], "section_span": [45, 59], "content_span": [60, 482]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073902-0008-0000", "contents": "1956 Minnesota Golden Gophers football team, Game summaries\nOn November 3, Minnesota (ranked No. 8 in the AP Poll) defeated Pittsburgh, 9\u20136, before a homecoming crowd of 63,158 at Memorial Stadium in Minneapolis. Minnesota's Dick Borstad kicked a field goal with two-and-a-half minutes to go to give Minnesota the lead. Pitt's Joe Walton returned the ensuing kickoff for a touchdown, but the return was called back due to a clipping penalty.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 43], "section_span": [45, 59], "content_span": [60, 441]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073902-0009-0000", "contents": "1956 Minnesota Golden Gophers football team, Game summaries\nOn November 10, Minnesota lost to 1956 Big Ten champion Iowa, 7\u20130, before a crowd of 64,235 at Memorial Stadium in Minneapolis. Iowa coach implemented a 6-3-2 defense to contain Minnesota's speedy Bobby Cox. After the game, Cox noted: \"I couldn't go outside. They forced me to go inside and then some linebacker would nail me.\" The outcome put Iowa into the lead in the race for the conference's Rose Bowl bid. After the game, Iowa's players carried coach Evashevski off the field on their shoulders.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 43], "section_span": [45, 59], "content_span": [60, 560]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073902-0010-0000", "contents": "1956 Minnesota Golden Gophers football team, Game summaries\nOn November 17, Minnesota (ranked No. 17 in the AP Poll) upset Michigan State (ranked No. 3), 14\u201313, before a crowd of 62,478 at Memorial Stadium in Minneapolis. Bobby Cox led the way for Minnesota", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 43], "section_span": [45, 59], "content_span": [60, 257]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073902-0011-0000", "contents": "1956 Minnesota Golden Gophers football team, Game summaries\nOn November 24, in the annual battle for Paul Bunyan's Axe, Minnesota (ranked No. 7 in the AP Poll) and Wisconsin played to a 13\u201313 tie before a crowd of 54,149 at Camp Randall Stadium in Madison. On the final play of the game, Wisconsin's Jon Hobbs missed his third field goal attempt of the game. Wisconsin finished the season without a conference win for the first time since 1939.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 43], "section_span": [45, 59], "content_span": [60, 444]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073902-0012-0000", "contents": "1956 Minnesota Golden Gophers football team, Rankings and awards\nOn December 3, 1956, both the Associated Press (AP) and United Press (UP) released their final college football polls. Both organizations ranked undefeated Oklahoma at the No. 1 spot. The AP ranked the Golden Gophers No. 12, and the UP ranked them No. 9.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 43], "section_span": [45, 64], "content_span": [65, 319]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073902-0013-0000", "contents": "1956 Minnesota Golden Gophers football team, Rankings and awards\nOnly one Minnesota player, tackle Bob Hobert, was picked by the Associated Press (AP) and/or the United Press (UP) as a first-team player on the 1956 All-Big Ten Conference football team. Hobert received first-team honors from both the AP and UP. Hobert was also selected by the Football Writers Association of America as a first-team pick for the 1956 College Football All-America Team.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 43], "section_span": [45, 64], "content_span": [65, 452]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073903-0000-0000", "contents": "1956 Minnesota gubernatorial election\nThe 1956 Minnesota gubernatorial election took place on November 6, 1956. Minnesota Democratic\u2013Farmer\u2013Labor Party candidate Orville Freeman defeated Republican Party of Minnesota challenger Ancher Nelsen.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [37, 37], "content_span": [38, 242]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073904-0000-0000", "contents": "1956 Minnesota lieutenant gubernatorial election\nThe 1956 Minnesota lieutenant gubernatorial election took place on November 6, 1956. Incumbent Lieutenant Governor Karl Rolvaag of the Minnesota Democratic-Farmer-Labor Party defeated Republican Party of Minnesota challenger Leonard R. Dickinson.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 48], "section_span": [48, 48], "content_span": [49, 295]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073905-0000-0000", "contents": "1956 Mississippi Southern Southerners football team\nThe 1956 Mississippi Southern Southerners football team was an American football team that represented Mississippi Southern College (now known as the University of Southern Mississippi) as an independent during the 1956 NCAA College Division football season. In their eighth year under head coach Thad Vann, the team compiled a 7\u20132\u20131 record.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 51], "section_span": [51, 51], "content_span": [52, 393]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073906-0000-0000", "contents": "1956 Mississippi State Maroons football team\nThe 1956 Mississippi State Maroons football team represented Mississippi State College during the 1956 NCAA University Division football season. The Maroons finished 4\u20136 in head coach Wade Walker's first season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [44, 44], "content_span": [45, 256]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073907-0000-0000", "contents": "1956 Missouri Tigers football team\nThe 1956 Missouri Tigers football team was an American football team that represented the University of Missouri in the Big Seven Conference (Big 7) during the 1956 NCAA University Division football season. The team compiled a 4\u20135\u20131 record (3\u20132\u20131 against Big 7 opponents), finished in third place in the Big 7, and outscored its opponents by a combined total of 200 to 183. Don Faurot was the head coach for the 19th of 19 seasons. The team played its home games at Memorial Stadium in Columbia, Missouri.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [34, 34], "content_span": [35, 540]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073907-0001-0000", "contents": "1956 Missouri Tigers football team\nThe team's statistical leaders included Hank Kuhlman with 440 rushing yards and 37 points scored, Jim Hunter with 567 passing yards and 567 yards of total offense, and Charley James with 362 receiving yards.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [34, 34], "content_span": [35, 242]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073908-0000-0000", "contents": "1956 Missouri gubernatorial election\nThe 1956 Missouri gubernatorial election was held on November 6, 1956 and resulted in a victory for the Democratic nominee, Lt. Governor James T. Blair, Jr., over the Republican nominee, Lon Hocker.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [36, 36], "content_span": [37, 235]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073909-0000-0000", "contents": "1956 Missouri lieutenant gubernatorial election\nThe 1956 Missouri lieutenant gubernatorial election was held on November 6, 1956. Democratic nominee Edward V. Long defeated Republican nominee Richard M. Webster with 53.49% of the vote.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 47], "section_span": [47, 47], "content_span": [48, 235]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073910-0000-0000", "contents": "1956 Mitropa Cup\nThe 1956 Mitropa Cup was the 16th season of the Mitropa football club tournament. It was won by Vasas who beat Rapid Wien 9\u20132 in a play-off match, after the two-legged final ended 4\u20134 on aggregate.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 16], "section_span": [16, 16], "content_span": [17, 214]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073910-0001-0000", "contents": "1956 Mitropa Cup, Quarter-finals\n1 Partizan beat Wacker Wien 4\u20130 in a play-off to qualify for the Semi-finals.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 16], "section_span": [18, 32], "content_span": [33, 110]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073910-0002-0000", "contents": "1956 Mitropa Cup, Final\n1 Vasas beat Rapid Wien 9\u20132 in a play-off to win the Mitropa Cup.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 16], "section_span": [18, 23], "content_span": [24, 89]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073911-0000-0000", "contents": "1956 Monaco Grand Prix\nThe 1956 Monaco Grand Prix was a Formula One motor race held on 13 May 1956 at Monaco. It was race 2 of  8 in the 1956 World Championship of Drivers.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [22, 22], "content_span": [23, 172]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073911-0001-0000", "contents": "1956 Monaco Grand Prix\nThe Owen's BRM made their first appearance but after qualifying both cars were withdrawn due to engine valve problems. The other two non-starters were the too-slow Scarlatti and Chiron due to his engine blowing up in practice.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [22, 22], "content_span": [23, 249]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073911-0002-0000", "contents": "1956 Monaco Grand Prix\nMoss, starting from the middle of the front row, took the lead at Gasworks on the first lap and led every lap. Fangio was not having a good day. He hit the straw bales on lap 2, causing Schell and Musso to retire when trying to avoid him, and on lap 32 he hit the harbour wall, bending a rear wheel. He turned the car over to Castellotti after the pit stop to fix the wheel. On lap 54 while second, Collins came in the pit and turned his car over to Fangio.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [22, 22], "content_span": [23, 480]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073911-0002-0001", "contents": "1956 Monaco Grand Prix\nHe resumed in third and passed Behra for second on lap 70 but he was 47 seconds behind Moss. On lap 86 Perdisa's brakes locked when being lapped by Moss, the resulting contact caused Moss's bonnet to lift allowing Fangio to close the gap by two seconds each lap but Moss won with a 6-second cushion.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [22, 22], "content_span": [23, 322]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073911-0003-0000", "contents": "1956 Monaco Grand Prix, Classification, Qualifying\nNote: Both BRM cars (Mike Hawthorn and Tony Brooks) withdrew after qualifying due to engine issues.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [24, 50], "content_span": [51, 150]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073912-0000-0000", "contents": "1956 Montana Grizzlies football team\nThe 1956 Montana Grizzlies football team represented the University of Montana in the 1956 NCAA University Division football season as a member of the Skyline Conference. The Grizzlies were led by second-year head coach Jerry Williams, played their home games at Dornblaser Field and finished the season with a record of one win and nine losses (1\u20139, 1\u20136 Skyline).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [36, 36], "content_span": [37, 401]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073913-0000-0000", "contents": "1956 Montana State Bobcats football team\nThe 1956 Montana State Bobcats football team was an American football team that represented Montana State University in the Rocky Mountain Conference (RMC) during the 1956 NCAA College Division football season. In its fourth season under head coach Tony Storti, the team compiled a 9\u20130\u20131, won the RMC championship, tied with Saint Joseph's (IN) in the Aluminum Bowl, and was recognized as the national champion in the 1956 NAIA football season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [40, 40], "content_span": [41, 485]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073913-0001-0000", "contents": "1956 Montana State Bobcats football team\nThe team excelled on both offense and defense. On offense, the 1956 Bobcats averaged 323.1 rushing yards per game, a total that remains a program record. On defense, the team gave up 9.1 points per game, a total that was the lowest in program history until the 1976 team limited opponents to 8.1 points per game.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [40, 40], "content_span": [41, 353]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073913-0002-0000", "contents": "1956 Montana State Bobcats football team\nTony Storti's assistant coaches were Joe Berry (line), Herb Agocs (ends), and Gene Bourdet (backs).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [40, 40], "content_span": [41, 140]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073913-0003-0000", "contents": "1956 Montana State Bobcats football team\nDon Edwards and Jim Posewitz were co-winners of the team's most valuable player award.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [40, 40], "content_span": [41, 127]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073913-0004-0000", "contents": "1956 Montana State Bobcats football team\nTackle Ron Warzeka was selected as a second-team player on the Little All-America team. He went on to play for the Oakland Raiders in the American Football League.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [40, 40], "content_span": [41, 204]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073913-0005-0000", "contents": "1956 Montana State Bobcats football team\nSeveral Bobcats were named to the All-Rocky Mountain Conference football teams selected by the Associated Press (AP) and United Press International (UPI). They are:  Warzeka (AP-1; UPI-1); R Ed Ritt (AP-1; UPI-1); fullback Don Edwards (AP-1; UPI-1); center Sonny Holland (AP-1; UPI-1); quarterback Dave Alt (AP-1; UPI-1); end Jim Posewitz (UPI-2); end Bob Black (UPI-HM); guard Herb Roberts (UPI-HM); guard Charley Jackson (UPI-HM); and halfback George Marinkovich (UPI-HM).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [40, 40], "content_span": [41, 515]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073914-0000-0000", "contents": "1956 Montana gubernatorial election\nThe 1956 Montana gubernatorial election took place on November 6, 1956. Incumbent Governor of Montana J. Hugo Aronson, who was first elected Governor in 1952, ran for re-election. He was unopposed in the Republican primary and advanced to the general election, where he faced Arnold Olsen, the Attorney General of Montana and the Democratic nominee. Despite the fact that then-President Dwight D. Eisenhower won the state in a landslide that year in the presidential election, Aronson only narrowly defeated Arnold to win his second and final term as governor.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [35, 35], "content_span": [36, 596]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073915-0000-0000", "contents": "1956 Moomba TT\nThe 1956 Moomba TT was a motor race for open and closed sports cars, staged at the Albert Park Circuit in Victoria, Australia on 11 March 1956. It was the second Moomba TT, with a similar race having been run at Albert Park in 1955. Contested over 150 miles, it was the feature race on the first day of a two-day race meeting which was conducted on the two Sundays of Melbourne's Moomba Festival. The meeting was organised by the Light Car Club of Australia for the Argus Moomba Motor Races Committee.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [14, 14], "content_span": [15, 516]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073915-0001-0000", "contents": "1956 Moomba TT\nThe race was won by  Tony Gaze driving a HWM Jaguar.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [14, 14], "content_span": [15, 67]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073916-0000-0000", "contents": "1956 Motocross European Championship\nThe 1956 Motocross European Championship was the 4th edition of the Motocross European Championship organized by the FIM and reserved for 500cc motorcycles.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [36, 36], "content_span": [37, 193]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073916-0001-0000", "contents": "1956 Motocross European Championship\nSince 1957 this championship has then become the current Motocross World Championship.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [36, 36], "content_span": [37, 123]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073916-0002-0000", "contents": "1956 Motocross European Championship\nIt should not be confused with the European Motocross Championship, now organized by the FIM Europe, whose first edition was held in 1988.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [36, 36], "content_span": [37, 175]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073916-0003-0000", "contents": "1956 Motocross European Championship, Final standings\nFrom May to September 9 grand prix were held which awarded points to the first six classified, respectively: 8, 6, 4, 3, 2, 1. The score in the final classification of each rider was calculated on the best four results.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 53], "content_span": [54, 273]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073917-0000-0000", "contents": "1956 Moyen-Congo municipal elections\nMunicipal elections were held for the first time in Moyen-Congo on 18 November 1956. Voting took place in three municipalities; Brazzaville, Pointe-Noire and Dolisie. The Democratic Union for the Defence of African Interests won the polls in all three municipalities. Fulbert Youlou became mayor of Brazzaville.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [36, 36], "content_span": [37, 348]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073918-0000-0000", "contents": "1956 Murray River flood\nThe 1956 Murray River flood involved the rising of waters in the Murray River and flooding of many towns in New South Wales, Victoria and South Australia. The flood occurred due to higher than average rainfalls in Western Queensland and heavy rains in the proceeding three months in the Murray-Darling basin. Flood waters moved down the Murray and Darling rivers for seven months and peaked between 11 and 14 August at Merbein in Victoria and 12.3 metres (40\u00a0ft) at Morgan in South Australia.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [23, 23], "content_span": [24, 516]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073918-0000-0001", "contents": "1956 Murray River flood\nSome areas were flooded up to 100 kilometres (62\u00a0mi) from the natural flow of the river. The flood was and still is considered the biggest flood in the recorded history of the Murray and described as \"the greatest catastrophe in South Australia's history\", in spite of no lives being lost.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [23, 23], "content_span": [24, 313]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073918-0001-0000", "contents": "1956 Murray River flood\nFrom upstream to downstream, flooding occurred in the towns of Wentworth in New South Wales; Colignan, Iraak, Mildura, Nangiloc, and Red Cliffs in Victoria; and Mannum, Murray Bridge, and Renmark to store high flows from the Darling River.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [23, 23], "content_span": [24, 263]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073918-0002-0000", "contents": "1956 Murray River flood, Impact, Mannum, South Australia\n0 deaths, Hotels in the main street of Mannum operated their bars from the second floor with boats tying up to the balcony. The flood water broke the levee bank on 24 August, and had not fully receded until Christmas. To many locals it is common knowledge that the beginning of the roof on the Visitors' Centre in Main Street was the height in Main Street.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 56], "content_span": [57, 413]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073918-0003-0000", "contents": "1956 Murray River flood, Impact, Mildura, Victoria\nIn 2006, historic flood markers were erected at Apex Park and the lawns of the Mildura Rowing Club at Mildura, indicating the height the river reached in 1956. Additional markers are to be erected at various locations along the river from Wentworth to Colignan. Several towns in South Australia also have depth markers showing how high the floodwaters rose.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 50], "content_span": [51, 408]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073918-0004-0000", "contents": "1956 Murray River flood, Impact, Wentworth, New South Wales\nThe town of Wentworth, located on the junction of the Darling and Murray Rivers, erected a statue in 1959 in honour of the Fergie TE20 tractor, responsible for helping to erect a levee around the town which kept floodwaters at bay for months. A tractor rally is also held every five years to celebrate the Fergie.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 59], "content_span": [60, 373]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073918-0005-0000", "contents": "1956 Murray River flood, In popular culture\nAuthor Philip Pullman used his childhood memories of being taken to see the flood as a basis for his 2017 fantasy novel La Belle Sauvage.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 43], "content_span": [44, 181]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073919-0000-0000", "contents": "1956 NAIA Football National Championship\nThe 1956 NAIA Football National Championship (also known as the 1956 Aluminum Bowl) was played on December 22, 1956 at War Memorial Stadium in Little Rock, Arkansas. Montana State and Saint Joseph's (IN) played to a 0\u20130 tie, and both teams were declared co-champions. During its one season stay in Little Rock, the NAIA Championship game was called the Aluminum Bowl.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [40, 40], "content_span": [41, 408]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073920-0000-0000", "contents": "1956 NAIA Men's Basketball Tournament\nThis is the current revision of this page, as edited by InternetArchiveBot (talk | contribs) at 20:06, 16 May 2020 (Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.1). The present address (URL) is a permanent link to this version.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [37, 37], "content_span": [38, 276]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073920-0001-0000", "contents": "1956 NAIA Men's Basketball Tournament\nThe 1956 NAIA Men's Basketball Tournament was held in March at Municipal Auditorium in Kansas City, Missouri. The 19th annual NAIA basketball tournament featured 32 teams playing in a single-elimination format. 1956 would be the last year for unseeded teams going into the tournament. The championship game featured McNeese State University (La.) and Texas Southern University. It was the first and only appearance for the McNeese State made in the NAIA tournament. The Cowboys beat the Tigers 60 to 55. The third place game featured Pittsburg State University (Ks.) Gorillas who defeated the Wheaton College (Ill.) Thunder 77 to 70. This tournament featured six all-time leading scorers.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [37, 37], "content_span": [38, 726]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073920-0002-0000", "contents": "1956 NAIA Men's Basketball Tournament, Awards and honors\nMany of the records set by the 1956 tournament have been broken, and many of the awards were established much later:", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [39, 56], "content_span": [57, 173]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073920-0003-0000", "contents": "1956 NAIA Men's Basketball Tournament, 1956 NAIA bracket, 3rd place game\nThe third place game featured the losing teams from the national semifinalist to determine 3rd and 4th places in the tournament. This game was played until 1988.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [39, 72], "content_span": [73, 234]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073921-0000-0000", "contents": "1956 NAIA football season\nThe 1956 NAIA football season was the first season of college football sponsored by the National Association of Intercollegiate Athletics.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [25, 25], "content_span": [26, 164]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073921-0001-0000", "contents": "1956 NAIA football season\nThe season was played from August to December 1956, culminating in the inaugural NAIA Football National Championship, played at War Memorial Stadium in Little Rock, Arkansas. Saint Joseph's (IN) and Montana State played to a 0\u20130 tie in the championship game known as the 1956 Aluminum Bowl.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [25, 25], "content_span": [26, 316]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073922-0000-0000", "contents": "1956 NASCAR Grand National Series\nThe 1956 NASCAR Grand National (now NASCAR Cup Series) Season began on November 13, 1955, and ended on November 18, 1956, lasting slightly longer than a full year. Driver Tim Flock was the defending champion, and started off with a win at the opening Hickory Speedway, but it was Buck Baker who captured the championship. Along with the trophies, Baker also collected $34,076.35 in prize money, and finished more than 400 points ahead of his closest competitor.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [33, 33], "content_span": [34, 495]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073922-0000-0001", "contents": "1956 NASCAR Grand National Series\nBaker competed in 48 races throughout the 1956 season as Speedy Thompson and Herb Thomas rounded out the top three in points by the final race. Even though auto manufactures Chevrolet and Ford both contributed millions of dollars into their cars during the season, it was Carl Kiekhaefer's Chryslers and Dodges that dominated the season including a 16 win stretch through the summer months.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [33, 33], "content_span": [34, 424]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073922-0001-0000", "contents": "1956 NASCAR Grand National Series, 1956 Season Recap\nThe season started on a somber note; as former driver Buddy Shuman died the night before the season started, in a Hickory hotel fire. The coroner reported that the mattress had been on fire, and it appeared that Shuman had attempted to escape, but broke down the bathroom door instead of the hallway. Shuman had been put in charge of the factory effort by Ford to succeed in NASCAR.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 52], "content_span": [53, 435]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073922-0002-0000", "contents": "1956 NASCAR Grand National Series, 1956 Season Recap\nBuck Baker won the NASCAR Grand National championship with 14 wins in the 1956 race season. The season involved races on 40 dirt tracks, 3 road courses, and 2 superspeedways. More than 300 drivers competed in at least one race throughout the season With Baker and Speedy Thompson competing in 48 of the 56 races. Baker finished the season with 31 top five finishes, 39 top ten, and 12 poles.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 52], "content_span": [53, 444]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073922-0003-0000", "contents": "1956 NASCAR Grand National Series, 1956 Season Recap\nBaker had been improving his season finishing position for a couple years; with a 4th place finish in 1953, 3rd in 1954, and runner-up in 1955. For the 1956 season Baker joined the Carl Kiekhaefer team who already boasted Speedy Thompson and Tim Flock. The powerhouse Kiekhaifer team finished with a total of 30 races in the 56 race season, including 16 straight races by 4 different drivers during one stretch of the season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 52], "content_span": [53, 478]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073922-0003-0001", "contents": "1956 NASCAR Grand National Series, 1956 Season Recap\nBaker took home the championship, Thompson finished second, and Flock only started 4 races for Kiekhaifer but still brought home a 9th place for his season efforts. Flock quit the Kiekhaifer team part way into the season citing a overly oppressive and driven to win Kiekhaifer. Rules and living arrangements were established by Kiekhaifer; Husbands and wives as well as driver and girlfriends were not allowed to share quarters the night before the race. Herb Thomas replaced Flock on the team, but he refused to remain for the whole season as well.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 52], "content_span": [53, 602]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073922-0004-0000", "contents": "1956 NASCAR Grand National Series, The Races, 1955\nRace 1: Hickory SpeedwayOn November 13, 1955 at Hickory Speedway 7500 people watched as the 1956 NASCAR season got underway, with Tim Flock capturing the win in one of Carl Kiekhaefer's Mercury Outboard motors sponsored Chryslers. Flock started on the pole and led the first 121 laps of the 200 lap event before spinning in turn three. Lee Petty took the lead and led through lap 138 when Flock caught and passed him; then Flock led from lap 139 to finish. Petty would finish third behind Flock and Curtis Turner, with Dink Widenhouse and Jim Paschal rounding out the top 5. There were 4 cautions on the .4 mile dirt track, for a total of 23 laps.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 50], "content_span": [51, 698]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073922-0005-0000", "contents": "1956 NASCAR Grand National Series, The Races, 1955\nRace 2: Charlotte SpeedwayRace 2 the following week took place at the 3/4 mile dirt track Charlotte Speedway. Tim Flock's brother Flonty, who also drove for Kiekhaefer, would lead the race from start to finish, narrowly edged out his brother Tim by half a car length. Lee Petty, Joe Weatherly and, Buck Baker would round out the top five. This would be Kiekhaefer's 10th win in 12 races, dating back to the 1955 season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 50], "content_span": [51, 470]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073922-0006-0000", "contents": "1956 NASCAR Grand National Series, The Races, 1955\nRace 3: Willow Springs SpeedwayMeanwhile in California at Willow Springs Speedway, NASCAR was also running a 200 mile road race. Chuck Stevenson grabbed that win in his 1956 Ford; followed by Marvin Panch and Johnny Mantz as November came to a close.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 50], "content_span": [51, 301]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073922-0007-0000", "contents": "1956 NASCAR Grand National Series, The Races, 1955\nRace 4: Palm Beach SpeedwayOn December 11 the series, along with 4500 spectators, gathered at the Palm Beach Speedway in West Palm Beach, Florida. The race is notable in that the first two drivers across the finish line, Joe Weatherly and Jim Reed, were disqualified due to technical violations. The race was awarded to Herb Thomas. Although Weatherly and Reed finished more than a lap ahead of Thomas NASCAR found that their cars were no strictly stock. Weatherly had a special cam installed, and Reed was found to be using modified valves, and both were stripped of their finishing positions.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 50], "content_span": [51, 645]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073922-0007-0001", "contents": "1956 NASCAR Grand National Series, The Races, 1955\nThomas won the 200 lap, half mile track, race in an hour and a half. Al Keller finished second, Billy Myers grabbed the third spot with Buck Baker and Lee Petty rounding out the top 5. After the race Big Bill France announced that anyone caught cheating again would not only forfeit their finishing position, but their prize money and all their season points to date as well. This ended the 1955 year for NASCAR racing, and January 22, 1956 would begin the titular 1956 season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 50], "content_span": [51, 528]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073922-0008-0000", "contents": "1956 NASCAR Grand National Series, The Races, 1956 begins\nRace 5: Arizona State FairgroundsRace number 5 was contested at the Arizona State Fairgrounds where Buck Baker in his 55 Chrysler grabbed the first win of the new year, and Kiekhaefer drivers Billy Meyers and Ralph Moody captured second and third. Baker's victory was his first start for the juggernaut Kiekhaefer team. When Kiekhaefer realized how formidable Baker was on the track he was quoted as saying \"There's only one thing to do with a man like that; and that is to hire him.\" Slowed by 8 cautions, the one mile dirt track hosted the 150 mile race in two and a half hours.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 57], "content_span": [58, 638]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073922-0009-0000", "contents": "1956 NASCAR Grand National Series, The Races, 1956 begins\nRace 6: Daytona Beach and Road CourseOn February 25, the day before the scheduled Grand National race, Daytona Beach Beach & Road Course hosted convertibles, their drivers, and owners assembled and ran the first NASCAR Convertible Division race. Along with drivers, owners, mechanics and, officials, 13,500 spectators gathered at the 4.1 mile road course to watch Curtis Turner in his 56 Ford convertible beat Fireball Roberts and 26 other drivers to the checkered flag through 160 miles of racing. The next day on February 26, the Grand National series cars raced on Daytona Beach.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 57], "content_span": [58, 640]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073922-0009-0001", "contents": "1956 NASCAR Grand National Series, The Races, 1956 begins\nTeam owner KKiekhaefer fielded 6 of his drivers for the race: Buck Baker, Tim Flock, his brother Fonty Flock, Charlie Scott, Frank Munday and Speedy Thompson. Tim Flock survived the track and 70-plus other drivers to win the race, marking his second in a row win at the beach. Charlie Scott was noted as a 19th-place finisher, and being one of the first African-American drivers in NASCAR. The race was flagged to a stop 2 laps before the scheduled 160 miles due to a high tide on the beach.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 57], "content_span": [58, 549]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073922-0010-0000", "contents": "1956 NASCAR Grand National Series, The Races, 1956 begins\nRace 7: Daytona Palm Beach SpeedwayFor the next race on March 4 the drivers returned to Palm Beach Speedway for race number 7, a 100 mile event. Once again disqualification would play a part in who received the winner accolades. Al Keller beat Billy Meyer to the checkered flag, but was found to running with modified pistons, and Keller was awarded the victory. Buck Baker and Herb Thomas grabbed the second and third spots respectively.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 57], "content_span": [58, 496]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073922-0011-0000", "contents": "1956 NASCAR Grand National Series, The Races, 1956 begins\nRace 8: Wilson SpeedwayOn March 18 5000 spectators gathered for Race 8; which was contested on the half mile dirt track of Wilson Speedway. Herb Thomas captured his second win of the season in a Smokey Yunick prepared Chevy when rain cut the scheduled 200 lap event to 106 laps.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 57], "content_span": [58, 336]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073922-0012-0000", "contents": "1956 NASCAR Grand National Series, The Races, 1956 begins\nRace 9: Lakewood SpeedwayThe following week the Grand National series traveled to the one mile dirt track of Lakewood Speedway in Atlanta Georgia. The event was darkened by the death of Lou Moore who suffered a intracerebral hemorrhage while at the track, and died in the hospital before the end of the race. Moore was a well known Indianapolis 500 car driver, builder and owner. Buck Baker came away with the Wilson Speedway win, and Speedy Thompson finished second, giving Kiekhaefer another 1-2 finish and bringing the March contests to a close.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 57], "content_span": [58, 606]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073922-0013-0000", "contents": "1956 NASCAR Grand National Series, The Races, Spring of '56\nI couldn't take Kiekhaefer's drill-sergeant attitude anymore. I had to quit to save my own life.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 59], "content_span": [60, 156]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073922-0014-0000", "contents": "1956 NASCAR Grand National Series, The Races, Spring of '56\nThe new month and race 10 would bring one of the 1956 season's biggest turning points as April 8 ushered the NASCAR crew to .6 mile North Wilkesboro Speedway in North Wilkesboro, N.C. for the Wilkes County 160. Tim Flock posted his third win of the season, and Billy Myers finished second, as 7500 spectators looked on. Jim Paschal grabbed the third spot, as Herb Thomas and Ralph Moody rounded out the top 5.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 59], "content_span": [60, 469]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073922-0014-0001", "contents": "1956 NASCAR Grand National Series, The Races, Spring of '56\nThe news of the day was when Flock shocked the NASCAR family and abruptly quit the highly successful Kiekhaefer Chrysler team after the race, citing worsening ulcers and Kiekhaefer's attitude as the reasons. Kiekhaefer tried to convince Flock to stay with the team, but Flock was adamant about leaving for a Chevy team.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 59], "content_span": [60, 379]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073922-0015-0000", "contents": "1956 NASCAR Grand National Series, The Races, Spring of '56\nRace 11: Langhorne SpeedwayRace number 11 was at the 1 mile dirt track of Langhorne Speedway, in Langhorne, PA on April 22. Tragedy struck once again as young driver John McVitty died of massive internal injuries after being thrown from his car as it rolled the day before the race during qualifying. To fill the empty seat left by Flock's leaving, and now driving a Smokey Yunick prepared ride, Kiekhaefer hired Herb Thomas to join his NASCAR team. Flock moved into the lead on lap 115, but would give way to eventual winner Buck Baker with six laps remaining in the 150 lap event. Thomas finished second and Flock dropped to third by the end of the race.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 59], "content_span": [60, 716]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073922-0016-0000", "contents": "1956 NASCAR Grand National Series, The Races, Spring of '56\nRace 12: Atlantic Rural FairgroundsApril 29 brought 5000 spectators to the Atlantic Rural Fairgrounds for the Richmond 100 mile event on the half mile dirt track. Buck Baker dominated, leading all but two laps and lapped the entire field including second place Herb Thomas by the time the checkered flag fell. Backer's win coupled with Flocks last place finish moved Baker into first place in the standings.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 59], "content_span": [60, 467]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073922-0017-0000", "contents": "1956 NASCAR Grand National Series, The Races, Spring of '56\nRace 13: Arclite 100Race number 13 on May 5 saw Speedy Thompson win the 100 miler in Concord N.C., and marked the fourth consecutive race that the Kiekhaefer cars fished 1-2. The win at Columbia Speedway brought Thompson career total to 5, and was his first of the 1955 season. Buck Baker finished second in his number 500B, and the number 9 of Joe Weatherly snagged the number 3 spot. Tiny Lund and Bob Flock rounded out the top 5 while 5000 people looked on for an hour and 50 minutes.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 59], "content_span": [60, 547]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073922-0018-0000", "contents": "1956 NASCAR Grand National Series, The Races, Spring of '56\nRace 14: Harris SpeedwayThe next day of the double-duty weekend had the NASCAR family gathering at Harris Speedway in Concord NC for a 100 mile event on their half-mile dirt track. Speedy Thompson grabbed his second checkered flag in a row, besting Buck Baker and Herb Thomas who finished second and third respectively. It was another 1-2-3 victory for the powerful Kiekhaefer team. Thompson led all but one lap in the one hour and 37 minute event.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 59], "content_span": [60, 508]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073922-0019-0000", "contents": "1956 NASCAR Grand National Series, The Races, Spring of '56\nRace 15: Greenville-Pickens SpeedwayFans and drivers gathered for race 15 at the Greenville-Pickens Speedway in SC on Thursday to watch Buck Baker give Kiekhaefer his 7th victory in a row. That May 10 would not go quietly into the record books however. After Baker managed to run the full 200 laps on the half-mile dirt track without a single pit stop, Schwam Motor Co., who fielded Fords for Joe Weatherly and Curtis Turner, went to NASCAR officials and filed a protest against the Kiekhaefer team.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 59], "content_span": [60, 559]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073922-0019-0001", "contents": "1956 NASCAR Grand National Series, The Races, Spring of '56\nAn enraged Kiekhaefer filed a counter protest against the Schwam Fords, claiming they ran with illegal motors and rear-ends. Technical inspector Jim Ross reviewed both claims, and held that both cars were legal, giving Baker a 100 point lead in the standings. The final results for the race were that the 500B Chrysler of Baker's was the winner, Curtis Turner in his number 99 second, and Joe Eubanks third. Gwyn Staley and Joe Weatherly rounded out the top five.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 59], "content_span": [60, 523]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073922-0020-0000", "contents": "1956 NASCAR Grand National Series, The Races, Spring of '56\nRace 16: Hickory Speedway On May 12 the Grand National series returned to the Hickory Speedway. While 4500 people looked on Speedy Thompson led the race from start to finish. The race was filled with cautions, 6 in total throughout the 200 lap event. There were no driver injuries, and Billy Meyers finished second with Buck Baker, Herb Thomas, and Gwyn Stanley filling out the top five spots. Thompson's win gave Kiekhaefer his eighth straight win.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 59], "content_span": [60, 509]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073922-0021-0000", "contents": "1956 NASCAR Grand National Series, The Races, Spring of '56\nRace 17: Orange Speedway Race 17 was run on May 13 at the .9 mile Orange Speedway dirt track in Hillboro, NC. In a near photo finish Buck Baker barely squeaked past Speedy Thompson at the end of the 90 mile event. Number 9 for Kiekhaefer as 7500 people enjoyed the 1 hour race.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 59], "content_span": [60, 337]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073922-0022-0000", "contents": "1956 NASCAR Grand National Series, The Races, Spring of '56\nMay 20 brought everyone to the picturesque half-mile paved track of Martinsville Speedway. The 20,000 strong spectator collective enjoyed a 4 hour, 500 lap event with seven caution flags. The newly named event had Speedy Thompson leading a race high 259 laps, but falling to Buck Baker on lap 382. Baker never lost the lead after passing Thompson, and Kiekhaefer had win number 10. Lee Petty, Paul Goldsmith and Gwyn Stanley finished third through fifth respectively", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 59], "content_span": [60, 526]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073922-0023-0000", "contents": "1956 NASCAR Grand National Series, The Races, Spring of '56\nRace 19: Lincoln Speedway Five days after the Martinsville race 17 drivers competed on the half-mile dirt track of Lincoln Speedway for 200 laps. Another close finish, and the man who once drove buses, Buck Baker, grabbed his third win in a row. Billy Myers led the first 43 laps until his fuel pump failed, and pole sitter Speedy Thompson retired on lap 97 with a hole in his radiator. Lee Petty put on a show for the fans when he lost a lap after spinning on lap 21. Petty then drove back into the lead lap, and into contention with some yellow flag help. Only eight cars completed the race, and Baker, Jim Paschal, Petty, Herb Thomas, and Nace Mattingly were the top five.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 59], "content_span": [60, 735]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073922-0024-0000", "contents": "1956 NASCAR Grand National Series, The Races, Spring of '56\nRace 20, 21: Charlotte Speedway, Portland Speedway: On May 27 NASCAR once again hosted a double-decker race day. Returning to the Charlotte Speedway three quarter mile track, Kiekhaefer drivers once again finished 1-2-3 as Speedy Thompson, newly acquired Junior Johnson, and points leader Buck Baker finished in the coveted top three spots. Thompson's win was number 12 for Kiekhaefer. Across the country at the Portland Speedway in Oregon, driver Herb Thomas added another win for the powerful Kiekhaefer team. John Kieper finished second and Clyde Palmer finished third.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 59], "content_span": [60, 632]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073922-0025-0000", "contents": "1956 NASCAR Grand National Series, The Races, Spring of '56\nRace 22, 23: Redwoood Speedway, Syracuse MileThree days later on May 30 NASCAR once again pulled double duty with races at each end of the country. One contingent gathered at the Redwood Speedway in California. The race was halted early due to poor track conditions with ruts and holes in the .624 dirt track and swirling dust storms which made the track unsafe to race on. After 78 of a scheduled 100 miles, Herb Thomas walkeded away with another win. Crosscountry at the New York State Fairgrounds in Syracuse NY, drivers battled for 150 miles on the 1 mile dirt oval. The Kiekhaefer team grabbed the second win of the day with Buck Baker in his Chrysler besting Jim Paschal in his Merc. by 3 laps.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 59], "content_span": [60, 760]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073922-0026-0000", "contents": "1956 NASCAR Grand National Series, The Races, Summer of '56\nRace 24 Merced FairgroundsHerb Thomas wins easily in Merced , CA., in the 100-mile event. The win was the 16th consecutive win for the Carl Kiekhaefer team and it is a record that still stands as of 2019, and is unlikely to be broken in the modern era. The win streak ended on June 10.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 59], "content_span": [60, 345]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073922-0027-0000", "contents": "1956 NASCAR Grand National Series, The Races, Summer of '56\nRace 25 West Memphis SpeedwayIt's June 10 when Ralph Moody wins at West Memphis Speedway in a DePaolo Engineering Ford, breaking the stranglehold that the Kiekhaefer team has had on the field for 16 races, dating back to the middle of March.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 59], "content_span": [60, 301]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073922-0028-0000", "contents": "1956 NASCAR Grand National Series, The Races, Summer of '56\nrace 26 Southern States Fairgrounds6/15/56\tin Charlotte, NC the Southern States Fairgrounds was the scene of Speedy Thompson winning a 200 lap event on the half mile dirt track by 5 laps in his Chrysler over nearest competitor Curtis Turner. Lee Petty finished third with Fireball Roberts and Buck Baker bringing up the 4th and 5th spots.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 59], "content_span": [60, 398]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073922-0029-0000", "contents": "1956 NASCAR Grand National Series, The Races, Summer of '56\nrace 27 Monroe County FairgroundsFor the June 22nd race the NASCAR family traveled north to the New York, for another 200 laps on a half mile dirt track where Speedy Thompson makes it back to back victories by a full lap over Jim Paschal and Herb Thomas. Buck Baker finished fourth to give the Kiekhaefer team 3 of the top four finishing spots. Six Thousand fans showed up to watch 21 drivers compete for the checkered flag.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 59], "content_span": [60, 484]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073922-0030-0000", "contents": "1956 NASCAR Grand National Series, The Races, Summer of '56\nrace 28  Portland SpeedwayOn 6/24/56 across the country in Portland, OR John Kieper grabbed a win in his own 56 Olds. The paved half mile Portland Speedway was witness to the hour and a half race.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 59], "content_span": [60, 256]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073922-0031-0000", "contents": "1956 NASCAR Grand National Series, The Races, Summer of '56\nOn July 4, Fireball Roberts wins Raleigh Speedway after 250 miles, his first on a super-speedway. Kiekhaefer files a protest with NASCAR officials claiming Robert's flywheel weight was illegal. At that time NASCAR didn't have scales at the track; they took the flywheel to a fish market to weigh it, and Roberts's victory stood. against the weight of Roberts' flywheel. No scales are available at the speedway, so NASCAR officials take the flywheel to a local fish market to be weighed. Roberts' win is upheld by NASCAR.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 59], "content_span": [60, 580]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073922-0032-0000", "contents": "1956 NASCAR Grand National Series, The Races, Summer of '56\nOn October 23 NASCAR heads into Shelby N.C. for a 100 mile race. At the time Herb Thomas led the standings by 246 points.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 59], "content_span": [60, 181]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073923-0000-0000", "contents": "1956 NBA All-Star Game\nThe 1956 NBA All Star Game was the sixth NBA All-Star Game.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [22, 22], "content_span": [23, 82]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073924-0000-0000", "contents": "1956 NBA Finals\nThe 1956 NBA World Championship Series was the championship series played at the conclusion of the 1955\u201356 National Basketball Association (NBA) season. The Philadelphia Warriors defeated the Fort Wayne Pistons four games to one. The series is notable for being one of only two Finals in which the two teams alternated home games, the other being in 1971.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 15], "section_span": [15, 15], "content_span": [16, 371]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073925-0000-0000", "contents": "1956 NBA draft\nThe 1956 NBA draft was the tenth annual draft of the National Basketball Association (NBA). The draft was held on April 30, 1956, before the 1956\u201357 season. In this draft, eight NBA teams took turns selecting amateur U.S. college basketball players. In each round, the teams select in reverse order of their win\u2013loss record in the previous season, except for the defending champion and runner-up, who were assigned the last two pick on each round. The draft consisted of 10 rounds comprising 92 players selected.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [14, 14], "content_span": [15, 527]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073925-0001-0000", "contents": "1956 NBA draft, Draft selections and draftee career notes\nSihugo Green from Duquesne University was selected first overall by the Rochester Royals. Tom Heinsohn from the College of the Holy Cross was selected before the draft as Boston Celtics' territorial pick. Heinsohn went on to win the Rookie of the Year Award in his first season. Bill Russell from the University of San Francisco was selected second overall by the St. Louis Hawks and immediately traded to the Boston Celtics for Ed Macauley and Cliff Hagan.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [16, 57], "content_span": [58, 515]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073925-0001-0001", "contents": "1956 NBA draft, Draft selections and draftee career notes\nThree players from this draft, Tom Heinsohn, Bill Russell, and K. C. Jones, have been inducted to the Basketball Hall of Fame after championship careers with the Boston Celtics. Elgin Baylor and Sam Jones, who were selected by the Minneapolis Lakers in the later rounds, have also been inducted to the Basketball Hall of Fame, although they did not enter the league immediately after the draft. In the 1957 draft, Sam Jones was selected in the first round by the Boston Celtics, with whom he played for in his whole career. In the 1958 draft, Elgin Baylor was selected first overall by the Lakers, with whom he played for in his whole career.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [16, 57], "content_span": [58, 700]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073925-0002-0000", "contents": "1956 NBA draft, Other picks\nThe following list includes other draft picks who have appeared in at least one NBA game.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [16, 27], "content_span": [28, 117]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073926-0000-0000", "contents": "1956 NBA playoffs\nThe 1956 NBA playoffs was the postseason tournament of the National Basketball Association's 1955-56 season. The tournament concluded with the Eastern Conference champion Philadelphia Warriors defeating the Western Conference champion Fort Wayne Pistons 4 games to 1 in the NBA Finals.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [17, 17], "content_span": [18, 303]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073926-0001-0000", "contents": "1956 NBA playoffs\nIt was the Warriors' second NBA title; their first was in 1947 back when the NBA was known as the BAA. They would have to wait until 1975 to taste championship gold again; by that time they had moved to the Bay Area and become the Golden State Warriors. Philadelphia's later team, the Philadelphia 76ers, would win the title in 1967.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [17, 17], "content_span": [18, 351]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073926-0002-0000", "contents": "1956 NBA playoffs\nThis was the Pistons' second straight trip to the NBA Finals, but they would not make another appearance until 1988 as the Detroit Pistons. No team from Indiana would return to the NBA Finals until the Indiana Pacers did so in 2000.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [17, 17], "content_span": [18, 250]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073926-0003-0000", "contents": "1956 NBA playoffs\nThe play-in game between the Syracuse Nationals and the New York Knicks was the last play-in game to determine a playoff spot until 2020.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [17, 17], "content_span": [18, 155]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073926-0004-0000", "contents": "1956 NBA playoffs, Bracket\nBold Series winnerItalic Team with home-court advantage in NBA Finals", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 26], "content_span": [27, 96]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073926-0005-0000", "contents": "1956 NBA playoffs, Division Semifinals, Eastern Division Semifinals, (2) Boston Celtics vs. (3) Syracuse Nationals\nThis was the fifth playoff meeting between these two teams, with the Nationals winning three of the first four meetings.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 114], "content_span": [115, 235]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073926-0006-0000", "contents": "1956 NBA playoffs, Division Semifinals, Western Division Semifinals, (2) Minneapolis Lakers vs. (3) St. Louis Hawks\nThis was the first playoff meeting between these two teams.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 115], "content_span": [116, 175]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073926-0007-0000", "contents": "1956 NBA playoffs, Division Finals, Eastern Division Finals, (1) Philadelphia Warriors vs. (3) Syracuse Nationals\nThis was the fourth playoff meeting between these two teams, with the 76ers/Nationals winning the first three meetings.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 113], "content_span": [114, 233]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073926-0008-0000", "contents": "1956 NBA playoffs, Division Finals, Western Division Finals, (1) Fort Wayne Pistons vs. (3) St. Louis Hawks\nThis was the first playoff meeting between these two teams.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 107], "content_span": [108, 167]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073926-0009-0000", "contents": "1956 NBA playoffs, NBA Finals: (E1) Philadelphia Warriors vs. (W1) Fort Wayne Pistons\nThis was the first playoff meeting between these two teams.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 85], "content_span": [86, 145]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073927-0000-0000", "contents": "1956 NC State Wolfpack football team\nThe 1956 NC State Wolfpack football team represented North Carolina State University during the 1956 NCAA University Division football season. The Wolfpack were led by third-year head coach Earle Edwards and played their home games at Riddick Stadium in Raleigh, North Carolina. They competed as members of the Atlantic Coast Conference, finishing in sixth. NC State's victory over rival North Carolina was the school's first ACC victory, coming in their fourth year in the conference.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [36, 36], "content_span": [37, 522]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073928-0000-0000", "contents": "1956 NCAA Baseball Tournament\nThe 1956 NCAA Baseball Tournament was played at the end of the 1956 NCAA baseball season to determine the national champion of college baseball. The tournament concluded with eight teams competing in the College World Series, a double-elimination tournament in its tenth year. Eight regional districts sent representatives to the College World Series with preliminary rounds within each district serving to determine each representative. These events would later become known as regionals.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [29, 29], "content_span": [30, 519]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073928-0000-0001", "contents": "1956 NCAA Baseball Tournament\nEach district had its own format for selecting teams, resulting in 24 teams participating in the tournament at the conclusion of their regular season, and in some cases, after a conference tournament. The College World Series was held in Omaha, NE from June 9 to June 14. The tenth tournament's champion was Minnesota, coached by Dick Siebert. The Most Outstanding Player was Jerry Thomas of Minnesota.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [29, 29], "content_span": [30, 432]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073928-0001-0000", "contents": "1956 NCAA Baseball Tournament, Tournament, District 4\nGames played at Athens, Ohio (Ohio vs. Cincinnati and Ohio vs. Minnesota) and Minneapolis, Minnesota (Minnesota vs. Notre Dame).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 53], "content_span": [54, 182]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073929-0000-0000", "contents": "1956 NCAA Basketball Tournament\nThe 1956 NCAA Basketball Tournament involved 25 schools playing in single-elimination play to determine the national champion of men's NCAA college basketball. It began on March 12, 1956, and ended with the championship game on March 24 on Northwestern University's campus in Evanston, Illinois. A total of 29 games were played, including a third-place game in each region and a national third-place game.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [31, 31], "content_span": [32, 437]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073929-0001-0000", "contents": "1956 NCAA Basketball Tournament\nThe 1955\u201356 season was the last in which only one NCAA Tournament was held. Effective in 1956\u201357, the NCAA divided its membership into two competitive levels. The larger and more competitive athletic programs were placed in the University Division, and smaller programs in the College Division. Accordingly, that season would see separate tournaments contested in the University and College Divisions. In 1973, the University Division would be renamed NCAA Division I, while the College Division would be split into today's Divisions II and III.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [31, 31], "content_span": [32, 577]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073929-0002-0000", "contents": "1956 NCAA Basketball Tournament\nThis was the first NCAA tournament in which the four regionals were given distinct names, although the concept of four regional winners advancing to a single site for the \"Final Four\" had been introduced in 1952.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [31, 31], "content_span": [32, 244]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073929-0003-0000", "contents": "1956 NCAA Basketball Tournament\nSan Francisco, coached by Phil Woolpert, won the national title with an 83\u201371 victory in the final game over Iowa, coached by Bucky O'Connor. Hal Lear of Temple was named the tournament's Most Outstanding Player.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [31, 31], "content_span": [32, 244]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073929-0004-0000", "contents": "1956 NCAA Basketball Tournament, Locations\nFor the second time, the city of Evanston, Illinois hosted the Final Four. For the first time, a repeat host city used a different venue, this time using McGaw Memorial Hall, the second replacement for the original Patten Gym, home of the 1939 final. The tournament saw two new venues, both in the state of Kansas, and both of which would join in rotation with Ahearn Field House as host of the Midwestern final for most of the next decade.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 42], "content_span": [43, 483]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073929-0004-0001", "contents": "1956 NCAA Basketball Tournament, Locations\nIn its first year of operation, Allen Field House on the campus of the University of Kansas hosted tournament games for the first time, acting as the West regional site. And also in the West region, the University of Wichita Field House, also in its first year of operation, hosted the first-round game. This tournament would also mark the final tournament to include the Allen County War Memorial Arena; neither the arena, which is still in operation, nor the city have hosted since.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 42], "content_span": [43, 527]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073930-0000-0000", "contents": "1956 NCAA College Division football season\nThe 1956 NCAA College Division football season saw the NCAA split member schools into two divisions: larger schools were part of the University Division, later known as NCAA Division I, and smaller schools were placed in the College Division, later split into NCAA Division II and NCAA Division III.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 42], "section_span": [42, 42], "content_span": [43, 342]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073930-0001-0000", "contents": "1956 NCAA College Division football season, Champions, Black college championship\nThe Tennessee State Tigers (9\u20130) and the Florida A&M Rattlers (8\u20130) were considered to be the No. 1 and No. 2 teams \"among the nation's Negro grid powers\". The teams from the two historically black universities played at the Orange Bowl stadium in Miami, which hosted the Orange Blossom Classic as well as the New Year's Day, historically white universities, Orange Bowl game. A crowd of 41,808 watched Tennessee State win 41\u201339.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 42], "section_span": [44, 81], "content_span": [82, 511]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073930-0002-0000", "contents": "1956 NCAA College Division football season, Postseason, Burley Bowl\nThe Memphis State Tigers faced off against the East Tennessee State Buccaneers in the Burley Bowl in Johnson City, Tennessee.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 42], "section_span": [44, 67], "content_span": [68, 193]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073930-0003-0000", "contents": "1956 NCAA College Division football season, Postseason, Refrigerator Bowl\nThe Refrigerator Bowl in Evansville, Indiana featured the Ohio Valley Conference champion Middle Tennessee State against the undefeated Lone Star Conference champion Sam Houston State.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 42], "section_span": [44, 73], "content_span": [74, 258]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073930-0004-0000", "contents": "1956 NCAA College Division football season, Postseason, Tangerine Bowl\nThe 1957 Tangerine Bowl featured College Division Independent Mississippi Southern (later known as Southern Miss) against the West Texas State Buffaloes from the University-division Border Conference.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 42], "section_span": [44, 70], "content_span": [71, 271]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073930-0005-0000", "contents": "1956 NCAA College Division football season, Undefeated teams\nOther schools that finished their seasons unbeaten and untied were Lenoir Rhyne College, New Haven Teachers College, Hillsdale College, Central Michigan University, Kearney State College, Redlands College, Westminster College (Pennsylvania), St. Thomas (Minn.) College, Alfred University and Milton College (Wisconsin).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 42], "section_span": [44, 60], "content_span": [61, 380]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073931-0000-0000", "contents": "1956 NCAA Cross Country Championships\nThis is the current revision of this page, as edited by Paul2520 (talk | contribs) at 18:32, 17 November 2019 (Adding short description: \"1956 cross-country running meet of the NCAA\" (Shortdesc helper)). The present address (URL) is a permanent link to this version.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [37, 37], "content_span": [38, 304]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073931-0001-0000", "contents": "1956 NCAA Cross Country Championships\nThe 1956 NCAA Cross Country Championships were contested at the 18th annual NCAA-sanctioned cross country meet to determine the team and individual national champions of men's collegiate cross country running in the United States. Held on November 26, 1956, the meet was hosted by Michigan State College at the Forest Akers East Golf Course in East Lansing, Michigan. The distance for the race was 4 miles (6.4 kilometers).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [37, 37], "content_span": [38, 461]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073931-0002-0000", "contents": "1956 NCAA Cross Country Championships\nSince the current multi-division format for NCAA championship did not begin until 1973, all NCAA members were eligible. In total, 14 teams and 115 individual runners contested this championship.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [37, 37], "content_span": [38, 232]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073931-0003-0000", "contents": "1956 NCAA Cross Country Championships\nThe team national championship was won by the Michigan State Spartans, their fifth and second consecutive. The individual championship was won by Walter McNew, from Texas, with a time of 19:55.94.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [37, 37], "content_span": [38, 234]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073932-0000-0000", "contents": "1956 NCAA Golf Championship\nThe 1956 NCAA Men's Golf Championship was the 18th annual tournament to determine the national champions of NCAA men's collegiate golf.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [27, 27], "content_span": [28, 163]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073932-0001-0000", "contents": "1956 NCAA Golf Championship\nThe tournament was held at the Ohio State University Golf Club in Columbus, Ohio.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [27, 27], "content_span": [28, 109]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073932-0002-0000", "contents": "1956 NCAA Golf Championship\nHouston won the team title and Rick Jones from Ohio State won the individual title over Houston's Rex Baxter Jr.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [27, 27], "content_span": [28, 140]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073933-0000-0000", "contents": "1956 NCAA Men's Basketball All-Americans\nThe consensus 1956 College Basketball All-American team, as determined by aggregating the results of six major All-American teams. To earn \"consensus\" status, a player must win honors from a majority of the following teams: the Associated Press, Look Magazine, The United Press International, the Newspaper Enterprise Association (NEA), Collier's Magazine and the International News Service.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [40, 40], "content_span": [41, 432]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073934-0000-0000", "contents": "1956 NCAA Men's Ice Hockey Tournament\nThe 1956 NCAA Men's Ice Hockey Tournament was the culmination of the 1955\u201356 NCAA Division I men's ice hockey season, the 9th such tournament in NCAA history. It was held between March 15 and 17, 1956, and concluded with Michigan defeating Michigan Tech 7-5. All games were played at the Broadmoor Ice Palace in Colorado Springs, Colorado.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [37, 37], "content_span": [38, 377]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073934-0001-0000", "contents": "1956 NCAA Men's Ice Hockey Tournament\nVic Heyliger captured his 6th and final National title with the Wolverines, all done in the first 9 years of the tournament. As of 2016 he stands as the coach with the most championships overall and the most with one team (6).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [37, 37], "content_span": [38, 264]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073934-0002-0000", "contents": "1956 NCAA Men's Ice Hockey Tournament, Qualifying teams\nFour teams qualified for the tournament, two each from the eastern and western regions. The two best WIHL teams and a Tri-State League representative received bids into the tournament as did one independent school.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [39, 55], "content_span": [56, 270]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073934-0003-0000", "contents": "1956 NCAA Men's Ice Hockey Tournament, Qualifying teams\nClarkson, who had completed a 23-0 record in the regular season, were offered a bid by the selection committee. The Golden Knights, however, had 8 four-year seniors on the team (who would not have been allowed to play in the tournament) and declined the invitation, leaving the second place team from the Tri-State League to go in their stead.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [39, 55], "content_span": [56, 399]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073934-0004-0000", "contents": "1956 NCAA Men's Ice Hockey Tournament, Format\nThe eastern team judged as better was seeded as the top eastern team while the WIHL champion was given the top western seed. The second eastern seed was slotted to play the top western seed and vice versa. All games were played at the Broadmoor Ice Palace. All matches were Single-game eliminations with the semifinal winners advancing to the national championship game and the losers playing in a consolation game.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [39, 45], "content_span": [46, 461]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073935-0000-0000", "contents": "1956 NCAA Skiing Championships\nThe 1956 NCAA Skiing Championships were contested in Winter Park, Colorado at the third annual NCAA-sanctioned ski tournament to determine the individual and team national champions of men's collegiate alpine, cross country skiing, and ski jumping in the United States.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [30, 30], "content_span": [31, 300]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073935-0001-0000", "contents": "1956 NCAA Skiing Championships\nLed by coach Willy Schaeffler, co-host Denver claimed their third national championship in as many years, with Dartmouth repeating as the runner-up in the team standings.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [30, 30], "content_span": [31, 201]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073935-0002-0000", "contents": "1956 NCAA Skiing Championships\nRepeat individual champions were Dartmouth's Chiharu Igaya (Alpine, Slalom), Denver's Willis Olson (Jumping, third consecutive), and Idaho's Eirik Berggren (Nordic). Less than two months earlier, Igaya was the silver medalist in slalom at the 1956 Winter Olympics in Cortina d'Ampezzo, Italy.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [30, 30], "content_span": [31, 323]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073935-0003-0000", "contents": "1956 NCAA Skiing Championships, Venue\nThis year's championships were held March 23\u201325 in Colorado at Winter Park, west of Denver.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 37], "content_span": [38, 129]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073935-0004-0000", "contents": "1956 NCAA Skiing Championships, Venue\nThe third edition, these were the first NCAA championships in Colorado and the Rocky Mountains.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 37], "content_span": [38, 133]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073936-0000-0000", "contents": "1956 NCAA Swimming and Diving Championships\nThe 1956 NCAA Swimming and Diving Championships were contested in March 1956 at Kiputh Pool at Payne Whitney Gymnasium at Yale University in New Haven, Connecticut at the 20th annual NCAA-sanctioned swim meet to determine the team and individual national champions of men's collegiate swimming and diving in the United States.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 43], "section_span": [43, 43], "content_span": [44, 370]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073936-0001-0000", "contents": "1956 NCAA Swimming and Diving Championships\nOhio State once again retained the national title, the Buckeyes' tenth, after finishing fourteen points ahead of hosts Yale in the team standings.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 43], "section_span": [43, 43], "content_span": [44, 190]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073937-0000-0000", "contents": "1956 NCAA Tennis Championships\nThe 1956 NCAA Tennis Championships were the 11th annual NCAA-sponsored tournaments to determine the national champions of men's singles, doubles, and team collegiate tennis in the United States.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [30, 30], "content_span": [31, 225]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073937-0001-0000", "contents": "1956 NCAA Tennis Championships\nUCLA won the Team Championship, the Bruins' Fifth such title (and fourth in five years). UCLA finished just one point ahead of rivals (and defending champions) USC, 15\u201314, in the team standings.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [30, 30], "content_span": [31, 225]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073937-0002-0000", "contents": "1956 NCAA Tennis Championships, Host site\nThis year's tournaments were contested at Stowe Tennis Stadium at Kalamazoo College in Kalamazoo, Michigan.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 41], "content_span": [42, 149]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073937-0003-0000", "contents": "1956 NCAA Tennis Championships, Team scoring\nUntil 1977, the men's team championship was determined by points awarded based on individual performances in the singles and doubles events.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 44], "content_span": [45, 185]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073938-0000-0000", "contents": "1956 NCAA Track and Field Championships\nThe 1956 NCAA Track and Field Championships were held in Berkeley, California in June 1956. UCLA won the team title, ending a seven-year streak by the University of Southern California. Nine NCAA meet records and one American record were broken at the event.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [39, 39], "content_span": [40, 298]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073938-0001-0000", "contents": "1956 NCAA Track and Field Championships\nBobby Morrow of Abilene Christian led all athletes with 20 points in the meet. Morrow won both the 100-meter and 200-meter dashes. Morrow went on to win three gold medals in the 1956 Summer Olympics.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [39, 39], "content_span": [40, 239]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073938-0002-0000", "contents": "1956 NCAA Track and Field Championships\nRafer Johnson led the scoring for team champion UCLA. Johnson scored 16 of UCLA's 55-7/10 points with second-place finishes in the broad jump and high hurdles. Johnson went on to win the gold medal in the decathlon at the 1960 Summer Olympics.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [39, 39], "content_span": [40, 283]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073938-0003-0000", "contents": "1956 NCAA Track and Field Championships\nThe one American record that was broken at the meet was in the 800-meter run. Arnie Sowell of the University of Pittsburgh set the new American mark with a time of 1:46.7.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [39, 39], "content_span": [40, 211]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073938-0004-0000", "contents": "1956 NCAA Track and Field Championships, Team scoring\n1. UCLA \u2013 55-7/10 2. Kansas - 50 3. University of Southern California \u2013 34\u00bd 4. Michigan State \u2013 29 5. Abilene Christian \u2013 25 6. Villanova \u2013 24 7. Oregon \u2013 20 8. Michigan \u2013 19-7/10 9. Oklahoma A&M \u2013 19 10. Manhattan - 17", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 53], "content_span": [54, 273]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073938-0005-0000", "contents": "1956 NCAA Track and Field Championships, Track events\n100-meter dash 1. Bobby Morrow, Abilene Christian \u2013 10.4 2. Dave Sime, Duke \u2013 10.6 3. Agostini, Fresno State \u2013 10.6", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 53], "content_span": [54, 169]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073938-0006-0000", "contents": "1956 NCAA Track and Field Championships, Track events\n110-meter high hurdles 1. Lee Calhoun, North Carolina College \u2013 13.7 2. Rafer Johnson, UCLA \u2013 13.8 3. Looween, Mankato State \u2013 14.0", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 53], "content_span": [54, 185]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073938-0007-0000", "contents": "1956 NCAA Track and Field Championships, Track events\n200-meter dash 1. Bobby Morrow, Abilene Christian \u2013 20.6 2. Blair, Kansas \u2013 21.0 3. Bobby Whilden, Texas \u2013 21.2", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 53], "content_span": [54, 165]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073938-0008-0000", "contents": "1956 NCAA Track and Field Championships, Track events\n400-meter dash 1. Jesse Mashburn, Oklahoma A&M  \u2013 46.4  2. Haines, Penn \u2013 46.6 2. Jenkins, Villanova \u2013 46.62. Ellis, Russ UCLA \u2013 46.6", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 53], "content_span": [54, 187]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073938-0009-0000", "contents": "1956 NCAA Track and Field Championships, Track events\n400-meter hurdles 1. Lewis, Notre Dame \u2013 51.0 2. Glenn Davis, Ohio State \u2013 51.4 3. Thompson, Rice \u2013 51.8", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 53], "content_span": [54, 158]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073938-0010-0000", "contents": "1956 NCAA Track and Field Championships, Track events\n800-meter run 1. Arnie Sowell, Pittsburgh \u2013 1:46.7 2. Stanley, San Jose State \u2013 1:49.2 3. Brew, Dartmouth \u2013 1:50.5 3. Johnson, Abilene Christian \u2013 1:50.5", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 53], "content_span": [54, 207]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073938-0011-0000", "contents": "1956 NCAA Track and Field Championships, Track events\n1,500-meter run 1. Ron Delany, Villnova \u2013 3:47.3 2. Bailey, Oregon \u2013 3:47.4 3. Sid Wing, Univ. South. Calif. \u2013 3:49.7", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 53], "content_span": [54, 171]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073938-0012-0000", "contents": "1956 NCAA Track and Field Championships, Track events\n3,000-meter steeplechase 1. Kennedy, Michigan State \u2013 9:16.5 2. Matza, BYU \u2013 9:17.2 3. Kielstrup, Michigan \u2013 9:34.4", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 53], "content_span": [54, 169]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073938-0013-0000", "contents": "1956 NCAA Track and Field Championships, Track events\n5,000-meter run1. Bill Dellinger, Oregon \u2013 14:48.5 2. Jim Beatty, North Carolina  \u2013 14:51.1 3. Jones, Michigan State \u2013 14:52.2", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 53], "content_span": [54, 180]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073938-0014-0000", "contents": "1956 NCAA Track and Field Championships, Field events\nBroad jump 1. Bell, Indiana \u2013 25 feet, 4\u00a0inches 2. Rafer Johnson, UCLA - 25 feet, 4\u00a0inches3. Floerke, Kansas \u2013 24 feet, 5\u00a0inches", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 53], "content_span": [54, 182]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073938-0015-0000", "contents": "1956 NCAA Track and Field Championships, Field events\nHigh jump 1. Reavis, Villanova \u2013 6 feet, 8\u00bc inches 1. Lang, Missouri \u2013 6 feet, 8\u00bc inches  1. Dyer, UCLA \u2013 6 feet, 8\u00bc inches", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 53], "content_span": [54, 177]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073938-0016-0000", "contents": "1956 NCAA Track and Field Championships, Field events\nPole vault 1. Bob Gutowski, Occidental \u2013 14 feet, 8\u00a0inches 1. Graham, Oklahoma A&M \u2013 14 feet, 8\u00a0inches 3. Levack, Univ. South. Calif. \u2013 14 feet, 4\u00a0inches 3. Landstrom, Michigan \u2013 14 feet, 4\u00a0inches", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 53], "content_span": [54, 250]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073938-0017-0000", "contents": "1956 NCAA Track and Field Championships, Field events\nDiscus throw 1. Drummond, UCLA \u2013 173 feet, 1/2\u00a0inch 2. Vick, UCLA \u2013 171 feet, 5\u00a0inches 3. Rink Babka, Univ. South. Calif. \u2013 170 feet, 9\u00bd inches", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 53], "content_span": [54, 197]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073938-0018-0000", "contents": "1956 NCAA Track and Field Championships, Field events\nJavelin 1. Conley, Cal Tech \u2013 239 feet, 11\u00a0inches 2. Maijala, Univ. South. Calif. \u2013 229 feet, 10\u00a0inches 3. Bitner, Kansas \u2013 223 feet, 11\u00bd inches", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 53], "content_span": [54, 198]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073938-0019-0000", "contents": "1956 NCAA Track and Field Championships, Field events\nShot put 1. Bantum, Manhattan \u2013 60 feet, 1/2\u00a0inch 2. Bill Nieder, Kansas \u2013 57 feet, 3\u215b inches 3. Owen, Michigan \u2013 57 feet, 2/3\u00a0inch", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 53], "content_span": [54, 185]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073938-0020-0000", "contents": "1956 NCAA Track and Field Championships, Field events\nHammer throw 1. McWilliams, Bowdoin \u2013 195 feet, 3\u00a0inches (new NCAA meet record) 2. Hall, Cornell \u2013 193 feet, 8\u00bd inches 3. Morefield, MIT \u2013 193 feet, 2\u00a0inches", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 53], "content_span": [54, 211]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073938-0021-0000", "contents": "1956 NCAA Track and Field Championships, Field events\nHop, step and jump 1. Sharp, West Chester St. \u2013 50 feet, 4\u00be inches 2. Floerke, Kansas \u2013 49 feet, 6\u00bc inches 3. Davis, LaSalle \u2013 49 feet, 3\u00bc inches", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 53], "content_span": [54, 199]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073939-0000-0000", "contents": "1956 NCAA University Division football rankings\nTwo human polls comprised the 1956 NCAA University Division football rankings. Unlike most sports, college football's governing body, the NCAA, does not bestow a national championship, instead that title is bestowed by one or more different polling agencies. There are two main weekly polls that begin in the preseason\u2014the AP Poll and the Coaches' Poll.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 47], "section_span": [47, 47], "content_span": [48, 401]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073939-0001-0000", "contents": "1956 NCAA University Division football rankings, AP Poll\nThe final AP Poll was released on December 3, at the end of the 1956 regular season, weeks before the major bowls. The AP would not release a post-bowl season final poll regularly until 1968.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 47], "section_span": [49, 56], "content_span": [57, 248]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073939-0002-0000", "contents": "1956 NCAA University Division football rankings, Final Coaches' Poll\nThe final UP Coaches Poll was released prior to the bowl games, on December 4. Oklahoma received 26 of the 35 first-place votes; Tennessee received five, Iowa three, and Miami one.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 47], "section_span": [49, 68], "content_span": [69, 249]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073940-0000-0000", "contents": "1956 NCAA University Division football season\nThe 1956 NCAA University Division football season saw the University of Oklahoma Sooners finish a third consecutive season unbeaten and untied to again win the national championship.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 45], "section_span": [45, 45], "content_span": [46, 228]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073940-0001-0000", "contents": "1956 NCAA University Division football season\nThe 1956 season saw the NCAA split member schools into two divisions: larger schools were part of the University Division, later known as NCAA Division I, and smaller schools were placed in the College Division, later split into NCAA Division II and NCAA Division III.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 45], "section_span": [45, 45], "content_span": [46, 314]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073940-0002-0000", "contents": "1956 NCAA University Division football season\nDuring the 20th century, the NCAA had no playoff for the major college football teams in the University Division, later known as Division I-A and now known as Division I FBS. The NCAA did recognize a national champion based upon the final results of \"wire service\" (AP and UPI) polls. The extent of that recognition came in the form of acknowledgment in the annual NCAA Football Guide of the \"unofficial\" national champions. The AP poll in 1956 consisted of the votes of as many as 198 sportswriters.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 45], "section_span": [45, 45], "content_span": [46, 546]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073940-0002-0001", "contents": "1956 NCAA University Division football season\nThough not all writers voted in every poll, each would give their opinion of the twenty best teams. Under a point system of 20 points for first place, 19 for second, etc., the \"overall\" ranking was determined. Although the rankings were based on the collective opinion of the representative sportswriters, the teams that remained \"unbeaten and untied\" were generally ranked higher than those that had not. A defeat, even against a strong opponent, tended to cause a team to drop in the rankings, and a team with two or more defeats was unlikely to remain in the Top 20.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 45], "section_span": [45, 45], "content_span": [46, 615]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073940-0003-0000", "contents": "1956 NCAA University Division football season\nGenerally, the top teams played on New Year's Day in the four major postseason bowl games: the Rose Bowl (near Los Angeles at Pasadena), the Sugar Bowl (New Orleans), the Orange Bowl (Miami), and the Cotton Bowl (Dallas). Because the rules of the time for Oklahoma's conference (at that time, Big 7) did not permit consecutive bowl appearances, No. 1 Oklahoma did not play in the postseason, with runner-up Colorado going to the Orange Bowl instead.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 45], "section_span": [45, 45], "content_span": [46, 495]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073940-0004-0000", "contents": "1956 NCAA University Division football season, September\nIn the preseason poll released on September 17, the defending champion Oklahoma Sooners were the first place choice for 116 of 149 writers casting votes, followed by Michigan State, Notre Dame, Georgia Tech and Ohio State. New polls were issued weekly on Monday.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 45], "section_span": [47, 56], "content_span": [57, 319]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073940-0005-0000", "contents": "1956 NCAA University Division football season, September\nOn September 22, No. 1 Oklahoma and No. 2 Michigan State were idle. No. 3 Notre Dame lost in Dallas to unranked SMU, 19\u201313 and dropped out of the top 5 for the season (and finished 2\u20138), while SMU would rise to fifth. No. 4 Georgia Tech won at Kentucky, 14\u20136. No. 5 Ohio State, which had not started play, fel out of the Top 5 and was replaced by No. 7 TCU, which had opened with a 32\u20130 win at Kansas. The first regular AP poll was 1.Oklahoma 2.Georgia Tech 3.Michigan State, 4.TCU and 5.SMU.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 45], "section_span": [47, 56], "content_span": [57, 549]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073940-0006-0000", "contents": "1956 NCAA University Division football season, September\nSeptember 29, No. 1 Oklahoma opened its season with a 36\u20130 win over North Carolina. In Dallas, No. 2 Georgia Tech visited No. 5 SMU and narrowly won 9\u20137. No. 3 Michigan State won 21\u20137 at No. 12 Stanford. No. 4 TCU was idle and dropped to 8th, while No. 8 Ohio State rose to 4th after a 34\u20137 win hosting Nebraska. No . 13 Michigan, which had beaten UCLA 42\u201313, rose to 5th. The next poll was 1.Oklahoma 2.Michigan State 3.Georgia Tech 4.Ohio State 5.Michigan.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 45], "section_span": [47, 56], "content_span": [57, 515]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073940-0007-0000", "contents": "1956 NCAA University Division football season, October\nOctober 6 No. 1 Oklahoma registered another shutout, beating Kansas State 66\u20130. No. 2 Michigan State met No. 5 Michigan in the rain before a crowd of 101,001 at Ann Arbor, and MSU Coach Duffy Daugherty's \"umbrella defense\" forced two Michigan turnovers that led to their 9\u20130 win   No. 3 Georgia Tech was idle, and No. 4 Ohio State won 32\u201320 at home before 82,881 over Stanford. The poll saw Michigan drop to 12th, while No. 8 TCU (which beat Arkansas 41\u20136 on national television) returned to the top five: 1.Oklahoma 2.Michigan State 3.Georgia Tech 4.TCU 5.Ohio State", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 45], "section_span": [47, 54], "content_span": [55, 622]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073940-0008-0000", "contents": "1956 NCAA University Division football season, October\nOctober 13 At Dallas, No. 1 Oklahoma beat Texas 45\u20130, having outscored its opposition 147\u20130 in three games. A commentator of the day wrote, \"The overpowering charge of the big red-shirted Oklahoma line ahead of adroit Quarterback Jimmy Harris is just one of the reasons why Oklahoma may be the greatest college football team of all time... They showed it in the sudden, lifting charge of a line which moved all of a piece, like a wave breaking evenly along a beach.\" No. 2 Michigan State defeated Indiana 53\u20136 at home. No. 3 Georgia Tech beat LSU, 39\u20137. No. 4 TCU won at Alabama 23\u20136, and No. 5 Ohio State won 26\u20136 at Illinois. The poll remained unchanged: 1.Oklahoma 2.Michigan State 3.Georgia Tech 4.TCU 5.Ohio State", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 45], "section_span": [47, 54], "content_span": [55, 773]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073940-0009-0000", "contents": "1956 NCAA University Division football season, October\nOctober 20 No. 1 Oklahoma gave up its first points of the season, but registered its fourth win, 34\u201312, at Kansas. No. 2 Michigan State stayed unbeaten with a 47\u201314 win at Notre Dame. No. 3 Georgia Tech beat Auburn 28\u20137. In a game that would ultimately determine the SWC championship, No. 4 TCU lost at No. 14 Texas A&M, 7\u20136. No. 5 Ohio State lost to Penn State by the same 7\u20136 score. No. 7 Tennessee, which had beaten Alabama 24\u20130 rose to 4th, and No. 8 Michigan returned to the Top 5 after its 34\u201320 win over Northwestern. The poll: 1.Michigan State 2. Oklahoma 3.Georgia Tech 4.Tennessee 5.Michigan.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 45], "section_span": [47, 54], "content_span": [55, 657]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073940-0010-0000", "contents": "1956 NCAA University Division football season, October\nOctober 27 The new No. 1 Michigan State went to Champaign, and had a 13\u20130 lead over the unranked Illini at halftime. Abe Woodson plunged for a score to cut the lead to 13\u20136 after three quarters. In the fourth, Woodson ran 70 yards from scrimmage to help tie the game 13\u201313. After an MSU field goal was short, Woodson ran the ball up to the Illini 18.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 45], "section_span": [47, 54], "content_span": [55, 405]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073940-0010-0001", "contents": "1956 NCAA University Division football season, October\nWoodson, who had once held the world record in the 50 yard high hurdles, took a short pass and dashed 82 yards for a touchdown, leaping over State's Art Johnson 30 yards from goal, to pull off the 20\u201313 upset. No. 2 Oklahoma was determined to prove itself number 1, and Coach Bud Wilkinson directed the team to six touchdowns for a 40\u20130 win at Notre Dame. No. 3 Georgia Tech beat No. 15 Tulane by the same 40\u20130 margin. No. 4 Tennessee beat Maryland 34\u20137 to stay unbeaten. No. 5 Michigan had its second loss, falling to unranked Minnesota at home, 20\u20137. No. 7 Texas A&M, which had extended its record to 5\u20130\u20131 with a 19\u201313 win at No. 8 Baylor, replaced the Wolverines. The poll: 1.Oklahoma 2.Georgia Tech 3.Tennessee 4.Michigan State 5.Texas A&M.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 45], "section_span": [47, 54], "content_span": [55, 800]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073940-0011-0000", "contents": "1956 NCAA University Division football season, November\nNovember 3 Unbeaten No. 1 Oklahoma (5\u20130), met the Colorado Buffaloes (5\u20131) on the road, and were losing 19\u20136 at halftime to a team that was four-touchdown underdog, but came back with touchdowns by Tommy McDonald and Clendon Thomas for a difficult 27\u201319 win. and the rest of top five won in shutouts: No. 2 Georgia Tech won 7\u20130 at Duke, No. 3 Tennessee over North Carolina 20\u20130, No. 4 Michigan State crushed Wisconsin 33\u20130, and No. 5 Texas A&M beat Arkansas 27\u20130. The poll remained unchanged.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 45], "section_span": [47, 55], "content_span": [56, 548]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073940-0012-0000", "contents": "1956 NCAA University Division football season, November\nNovember 10 While No. 1 Oklahoma registered its fifth shutout in seven games, trouncing Iowa State 44\u20130, No. 2 Georgia Tech and No. 3 Tennessee met in Atlanta for a game that proved to determine the SEC title. There were 23 punts altogether, and no score until midway through the third quarter, when Tennessee end Buddy Cruze noticed that Tech had stopped double-teaming him.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 45], "section_span": [47, 55], "content_span": [56, 431]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073940-0012-0001", "contents": "1956 NCAA University Division football season, November\nHalfback Johnny Majors (who would later be head coach for UT) passed to Cruze at the 35\u2013yard line, and Cruze ran 64 yards down to the Tech goal line, setting up the touchdown that won the game 6\u20130. In the poll that followed, Tennessee was the new No. 1 by a margin of 2 points (1,446 to 1,444) over Oklahoma. No. 4 Michigan State narrowly beat Purdue, 12\u20139.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 45], "section_span": [47, 55], "content_span": [56, 413]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073940-0012-0002", "contents": "1956 NCAA University Division football season, November\nNo. 5 Texas A&M beat SMU 33\u20137 in Dallas, and increased its record to 7\u20130\u20131, with the Southwest Conference title and a trip to the Cotton Bowl, and on November 12, was still fifth in the poll. Though on probation since 1955 for recruiting violations, the Aggies had appealed to the NCAA to allow them to play postseason. The next day, however, the NCAA announced that Texas A&M was still banned, because of an additional recruiting violation of a basketball player. The poll: 1.Tennessee 2.Oklahoma 3.Michigan State 4.Georgia Tech 5.Texas A&M.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 45], "section_span": [47, 55], "content_span": [56, 598]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073940-0013-0000", "contents": "1956 NCAA University Division football season, November\nNovember 17 No. 1 Tennessee beat visiting No. 19 Ole Miss 27\u20137, while No. 2 Oklahoma showed off its offense in crushing Missouri 67\u201314, sufficiently enough to regain the top spot in the next poll. No. 3 Michigan State traveled to Minnesota, which had been No. 6 a week before, but dropped to No. 17. The MSU visitors lost, 14\u201313, and dropped to tenth place in the next poll. No. 4 Georgia Tech beat Alabama 27\u20130. No. 5 Texas A&M beat visiting Rice, 21\u20137. No. 7 Iowa, which had beaten No. 6 Ohio State 6\u20130, took Michigan State's place in the poll that followed. The Top 5 was 1.Oklahoma 2.Tennessee 3.Iowa 4.Texas A&M 5.Georgia Tech.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 45], "section_span": [47, 55], "content_span": [56, 688]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073940-0014-0000", "contents": "1956 NCAA University Division football season, November\nNovember 24 No. 1 Oklahoma gained 656 net yards in a defeat of visiting Nebraska 54\u20136. No. 2 Tennessee beat Kentucky 20\u20137. No. 3 Iowa, which had captured the Big Ten title with a 5\u20131 conference record, finished its season with a 48\u20138 non-league win over Notre Dame, then accepted a bid to the Rose Bowl to play Oregon State. No. 4 Texas A&M was idle as it prepared for its Thanksgiving Day game with Texas, which it won 34\u201321. In Jacksonville, No. 5 Georgia Tech beat No. 13 Florida 28\u20130, and traded places with A&M. Tech would be invited back to the city for the Gator Bowl at season's end. The poll: 1.Oklahoma 2.Tennessee 3.Iowa 4.Georgia Tech 5.Texas A&M.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 45], "section_span": [47, 55], "content_span": [56, 715]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073940-0015-0000", "contents": "1956 NCAA University Division football season, November\nDecember 1 No. 1 Oklahoma closed its season with a 53\u20130 win over Oklahoma State, finishing 10\u20130, and with a 466\u201351 finish in points. Only one of its ten opponents (Colorado) finished 1956 with a winning record. In Nashville, No. 2 Tennessee beat Vanderbilt 27\u20137 to close with a 10\u20130 record and a spot in the Sugar Bowl, where it would face 9\u20131 Baylor. No. 4 Georgia Tech closed with a 35\u20130 win at Georgia. Unbeaten and once-tied (9\u20130\u20131), No. 5 Texas A&M won the Southwest Conference title, but the ban against post-season play sent runner-up TCU to the Cotton Bowl instead.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 45], "section_span": [47, 55], "content_span": [56, 629]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073940-0016-0000", "contents": "1956 NCAA University Division football season, Rankings, Final polls\nFinal polls were released at the end of the regular season. Records include bowl games.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 45], "section_span": [47, 68], "content_span": [69, 156]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073941-0000-0000", "contents": "1956 NCAA Wrestling Championships\nThe 1956 NCAA Wrestling Championships were the 26th NCAA Wrestling Championships to be held. Oklahoma A&M in Stillwater, Oklahoma hosted the tournament at Gallagher Hall.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [33, 33], "content_span": [34, 204]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073941-0001-0000", "contents": "1956 NCAA Wrestling Championships\nOklahoma A&M took home the team championship with 65 points and having one individual champion.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [33, 33], "content_span": [34, 129]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073941-0002-0000", "contents": "1956 NCAA Wrestling Championships\nDan Hodge of Oklahoma was named the Most Outstanding Wrestler.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [33, 33], "content_span": [34, 96]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073942-0000-0000", "contents": "1956 NCAA baseball season\nThe 1956 NCAA baseball season, play of college baseball in the United States organized by the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) began in the spring of 1956. The season progressed through the regular season and concluded with the 1956 College World Series. The College World Series, held for the tenth time in 1956, consisted of one team from each of eight geographical districts and was held in Omaha, Nebraska at Johnny Rosenblatt Stadium as a double-elimination tournament. Minnesota claimed the championship.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [25, 25], "content_span": [26, 551]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073942-0001-0000", "contents": "1956 NCAA baseball season, Conference winners\nThis is a partial list of conference champions from the 1956 season. Each of the eight geographical districts chose, by various methods, the team that would represent them in the NCAA Tournament. 12 teams earned automatic bids by winning their conference championship while 13 teams earned at-large selections.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [27, 45], "content_span": [46, 356]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073942-0002-0000", "contents": "1956 NCAA baseball season, College World Series\nThe 1956 season marked the tenth NCAA Baseball Tournament, which culminated with the eight team College World Series. The College World Series was held in Omaha, Nebraska. The eight teams played a double-elimination format, with Minnesota claiming their first championship with a 12\u20131 win over Arizona in the final.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [27, 47], "content_span": [48, 363]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073943-0000-0000", "contents": "1956 NFL Championship Game\nIn the 1956 National Football League Championship Game was the league's 24th championship game, played at Yankee Stadium in The Bronx in New York City on December 30.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [26, 26], "content_span": [27, 193]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073943-0001-0000", "contents": "1956 NFL Championship Game\nThe New York Giants (8\u20133\u20131) won the Eastern Conference title and hosted the Chicago Bears (9\u20132\u20131), the Western Conference champions. The teams had met in the regular season five weeks earlier on November 25 at Yankee Stadium and played to a 17\u201317 tie; the Bears entered the championship game in late December as slight favorites. The Giants hosted because the home field for the title game alternated between the conferences; home field advantage was not implemented until 1975.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [26, 26], "content_span": [27, 505]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073943-0002-0000", "contents": "1956 NFL Championship Game\nBoth teams had been absent from the league title game for a decade, when the Bears won the championship over the Giants at the Polo Grounds in 1946. The Giants' most recent NFL title was before World War II, in 1938. The 1956 season marked the Giants' first at Yankee Stadium, moving across the Harlem River from the Polo Grounds. This was the first championship since 1949 without the Cleveland Browns, who had appeared in six consecutive since joining the NFL in 1950.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [26, 26], "content_span": [27, 497]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073943-0003-0000", "contents": "1956 NFL Championship Game\nThe 1956 Giants featured a number of Hall of Fame players, including running backs Frank Gifford and Alex Webster, offensive tackle Roosevelt Brown, linebacker Sam Huff, and defensive end Andy Robustelli. Two assistants of Giants head coach Jim Lee Howell, offensive coordinator Vince Lombardi and defensive coordinator Tom Landry, later became Hall of Fame head coaches with other franchises; Lombardi coached the Green Bay Packers to five NFL Championships during the 1960s and Landry led the Dallas Cowboys to five Super Bowls, with two wins, during the 1970s. He was the head coach of the Cowboys for 29 seasons, through 1988.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [26, 26], "content_span": [27, 657]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073943-0004-0000", "contents": "1956 NFL Championship Game, Game summary\nThe game was played on an icy field, with temperatures hovering around 20\u00a0\u00b0F (\u22127\u00a0\u00b0C). To adjust to the slick conditions, the Giants opted to wear sneakers instead of traditional football cleats. The advantage the white sneakers provided in footing was cited as a major factor in New York's romp. Twenty-two years earlier on an icy Polo Grounds field, the Giants had employed the same tactic and beat the Bears to win the 1934 NFL Championship Game in the famous \"Sneakers Game.\"", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [28, 40], "content_span": [41, 519]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073943-0005-0000", "contents": "1956 NFL Championship Game, Game summary\nThe Giants led 13\u20130 after the first quarter and built a 34\u20137 halftime lead on their way to a  47\u20137 win before 56,836. Although the home team, the Giants wore their white jerseys and the Bears their navy blue. New York's custom at the time was to alternate between blue and white jerseys at home. The blue jerseys were designated as the \"home jerseys\" beginning in 1957.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [28, 40], "content_span": [41, 410]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073943-0006-0000", "contents": "1956 NFL Championship Game, Game summary\nThe 1956 NFL title was the Giants' fourth; they played in five of the six title games from 1958 through 1963, but did not win any of them. After the 1956 title, it was another thirty years before their next, Super Bowl XXI in January 1987.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [28, 40], "content_span": [41, 280]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073943-0007-0000", "contents": "1956 NFL Championship Game, Officials\nThe NFL had five game officials in 1956; the line judge was added in 1965 and the side judge in 1978. A total of twelve officials were on hand for this championship: the game crew, a full alternate crew (headed by referee Ron Gibbs), and two to operate the clock.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [28, 37], "content_span": [38, 301]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073943-0008-0000", "contents": "1956 NFL Championship Game, Players' shares\nThe gross receipts for the game, including $205,000 for radio and television rights, were over $517,000, the highest to date. Each player on the winning Giants team received $3,779, while Bears players made $2,485 each.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [28, 43], "content_span": [44, 263]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073944-0000-0000", "contents": "1956 NFL Draft\nThe 1956 National Football League draft had its first three rounds held on November 28, 1955, at the Bellevue-Stratford Hotel in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, and its final twenty-seven rounds on January 17\u201318, 1956, at the Ambassador Hotel in Los Angeles, California", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [14, 14], "content_span": [15, 280]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073944-0001-0000", "contents": "1956 NFL Draft\nThe previous NFL drafts in the 1950s were held in January; the first three rounds (37 selections) were moved up this year to late November to better compete with teams from Canada.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [14, 14], "content_span": [15, 195]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073945-0000-0000", "contents": "1956 NFL season\nThe 1956 NFL season was the 37th regular season of the National Football League.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 15], "section_span": [15, 15], "content_span": [16, 96]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073945-0001-0000", "contents": "1956 NFL season\nWith previous television partner DuMont Television Network ending operations prior to the 1956 season, CBS began carrying regular season games across its network nationwide.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 15], "section_span": [15, 15], "content_span": [16, 189]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073945-0002-0000", "contents": "1956 NFL season\nThe season ended when the New York Giants defeated the Chicago Bears in the NFL Championship Game, 47\u20137.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 15], "section_span": [15, 15], "content_span": [16, 120]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073945-0003-0000", "contents": "1956 NFL season, Draft\nThe 1956 NFL Draft was held on November 28, 1955 and from January 17\u201318, 1956 at Philadelphia's Warwick Hotel, The Bellevue-Stratford Hotel and Los Angeles' Ambassador Hotel. With the first pick, the Pittsburgh Steelers selected quarterback and safety Gary Glick from the Colorado State University.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 15], "section_span": [17, 22], "content_span": [23, 321]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073945-0004-0000", "contents": "1956 NFL season, Conference races\nThe Lions and the Cardinals had both finished 1955 poorly, 3\u20139 and 4\u20137\u20131, but both got off to fast starts in 1956. Both ended up finishing second in the Conference races.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 15], "section_span": [17, 33], "content_span": [34, 204]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073945-0005-0000", "contents": "1956 NFL season, Conference races\nThe Chicago Cardinals got off to their best start ever, going 4\u20130, until the Redskins beat them 17\u201314 on October 28. At the midway point, they and the Giants had 5\u20131 records. In the Western Conference, the Detroit Lions roared to a 6\u20130 start. In Week Seven (November 11), the Giants pulled ahead with a 23\u201310 win over the Cards. In Washington, the Lions finally lost. Trapped on his own 1-yard line, Yale Lary took a safety in order to get a free kick. That, and Sam Baker's field goal, gave the Redskins an 18\u201310 lead to put the game out of reach, and the Lions lost 18\u201317. The Bears, who had dropped their opener at Baltimore, 28\u201321, beat Green Bay 38\u201314 for their sixth straight game, matching Detroit's 6\u20131 record.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 15], "section_span": [17, 33], "content_span": [34, 752]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073945-0006-0000", "contents": "1956 NFL season, Conference races\nIn Week Nine, the Lions dropped their Thanksgiving Day game as Tobin Rote guided Green Bay to three last-quarter touchdowns in a 24\u201320 win. On Sunday, the Cards 38\u201327 win over Pittsburgh put them a half game out. The Bears cancelled a loss, while the Giants watched a win elude them, as Harlon Hill caught a last-ditch 56-yard touchdown pass from Ed Brown in tying the Giants, 17\u201317. Both the Bears and the Giants continued to lead their conferences, but only by half a game.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 15], "section_span": [17, 33], "content_span": [34, 509]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073945-0007-0000", "contents": "1956 NFL season, Conference races\nThe Cards lost the next two games and any chance at the Eastern title, which the Giants clinched, in part because of a 28\u201314 win over Washington on December 2. The Western race came down to the Bears and Lions. In Week Ten (December 2), the Lions hosted the Bears and won 42\u201310, to take the lead. When both teams won the following week, the trip to the championship came down to December 16, the last game of the season, which would have the 9\u20132 Detroit Lions visiting the 8\u20132\u20131 Chicago Bears, who hadn't forgotten the earlier drubbing.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 15], "section_span": [17, 33], "content_span": [34, 570]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073945-0007-0001", "contents": "1956 NFL season, Conference races\nThe game at Wrigley Field was marked by numerous fights, including a fourth quarter melee involving players, fans, and the police, and a vicious hit well behind the play by the Bears' Ed Meadows that knocked Detroit quarterback Bobby Layne out of the game with a concussion. So, the Bears exacted their revenge with a 38\u201321 victory. After the game Lions' coach Buddy Parker appealed to the commissioner to punish what the Lions felt was the dirty play of George Halas's Bears, but no ruling was forthcoming.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 15], "section_span": [17, 33], "content_span": [34, 541]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073945-0008-0000", "contents": "1956 NFL season, Final standings\nNote: Tie games were not officially counted in the standings until 1972.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 15], "section_span": [17, 32], "content_span": [33, 105]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073945-0009-0000", "contents": "1956 NFL season, Final standings\nNote: Tie games were not officially counted in the standings until 1972.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 15], "section_span": [17, 32], "content_span": [33, 105]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073945-0010-0000", "contents": "1956 NFL season, NFL Championship Game\nNY Giants 47, Chi. Bears 7 at Yankee Stadium, New York City, December 30, 1956", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 15], "section_span": [17, 38], "content_span": [39, 117]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073945-0011-0000", "contents": "1956 NFL season, Stadium changes\nThe New York Giants moved from the Polo Grounds to Yankee Stadium", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 15], "section_span": [17, 32], "content_span": [33, 98]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073946-0000-0000", "contents": "1956 NSWRFL season\n1956's New South Wales Rugby Football League premiership was the 49th season of the rugby league competition based in Sydney. Ten teams from across the city competed for the J. J. Giltinan Shield during the season, which culminated in a Grand Final between St. George and Balmain.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 18], "section_span": [18, 18], "content_span": [19, 299]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073946-0001-0000", "contents": "1956 NSWRFL season, Season summary, Teams\n49th seasonGround: Sydney Sports GroundCoach: Frank O'Connor Captain: Kevin Hansen", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 18], "section_span": [20, 41], "content_span": [42, 124]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073946-0002-0000", "contents": "1956 NSWRFL season, Season summary, Teams\n49th seasonGround: Pratten Park Coach: Jack Walsh Captain: Keith Holman", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 18], "section_span": [20, 41], "content_span": [42, 113]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073946-0003-0000", "contents": "1956 NSWRFL season, Finals, Grand Final\nUp and coming Balmain fullback Keith Barnes came into the game with confidence, having booted 17 goals in his previous two games. In the most recent of those contests, the Preliminary Final against South Sydney, Tigers half-back, playmaker and captain Brian Staunton had been flattened by a Clive Churchill stiffarm tackle and as a consequence was still out-of-sorts on grand final day.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 18], "section_span": [20, 39], "content_span": [40, 426]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073946-0004-0000", "contents": "1956 NSWRFL season, Finals, Grand Final\nSt George centre Merv Lees cracked his collar bone in a tackle in the 13th minute and hardman prop Billy Wilson moved out from the pack to play in the centres in spite of being constrained himself with a knee ligament injury. Wilson tormented Hawkey and Mosman in both attack and defence and set up both his own wingers for a number of long dashes. He was later selected by his teammates as Man of the Match with Kevin Brown, Bob Bugden and Norm Provan also starring in the game.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 18], "section_span": [20, 39], "content_span": [40, 519]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073946-0005-0000", "contents": "1956 NSWRFL season, Finals, Grand Final\nThe sides were evenly matched for the first 38 minutes before a backline move from a scrum saw Dragons winger Tommy Ryan draw Barnes and pass to prop Kevin Brown who had freed himself from the scrum to be present in support.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 18], "section_span": [20, 39], "content_span": [40, 264]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073946-0006-0000", "contents": "1956 NSWRFL season, Finals, Grand Final\nTries to Bugden and Kevin O'Brien came quickly after the break with Harry Melville's final try for the Dragons 18 minutes into the second half putting the game out of the Tigers' reach. Staunton responded with his second try for Balmain late in the game.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 18], "section_span": [20, 39], "content_span": [40, 294]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073946-0007-0000", "contents": "1956 NSWRFL season, Finals, Grand Final\nNorm Tipping had coached the Dragons to an excellent season result of 15 wins, 4 losses and 1 draw but would be ousted regardless from the coaching job shortly after the grand final. He was the loser in a power struggle with Dragons on-field leader Ken Kearney who that year had captained Australia to a three Test whitewash of New Zealand, had captained New South Wales to state victory over Queensland, won the Sunday Telegraph's Player of the Year award and ultimately captained the Saints to a premiership.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 18], "section_span": [20, 39], "content_span": [40, 550]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073946-0007-0001", "contents": "1956 NSWRFL season, Finals, Grand Final\nKearney had lost the coaching role to Tipping at the end of the 1955 season. At the end of 1956 the St George committee chose to back Kearney's fine football brain and his advanced English-learned strategies on attack, defense and conditioning in choosing him as their captain-coach to go forward. In the process they laid the foundation for the Dragons' record-breaking premiership stranglehold.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 18], "section_span": [20, 39], "content_span": [40, 436]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073946-0008-0000", "contents": "1956 NSWRFL season, Finals, Grand Final\nSt George 18 (Tries: O'Brien, Bugden, Brown, Melville. Goals: Fleming 3.)", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 18], "section_span": [20, 39], "content_span": [40, 113]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073947-0000-0000", "contents": "1956 NYU Violets baseball team\nThe 1956 NYU Violets baseball team represented New York University in the 1956 NCAA baseball season. The Violets played their home games at Ohio Field. The team was coached by Bill McCarthy in his 35th year as head coach at NYU.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [30, 30], "content_span": [31, 259]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073947-0001-0000", "contents": "1956 NYU Violets baseball team\nThe Violots won the District II playoff to advance to the College World Series, where they were defeated by the Wyoming Cowboys.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [30, 30], "content_span": [31, 159]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073948-0000-0000", "contents": "1956 Naples Grand Prix\nThe 9th Naples Grand Prix was a motor race, run to Formula One rules, held on 6 May 1956 at Posillipo Circuit, Naples. The race was run over 60 laps of the circuit, and was won by French driver Robert Manzon in a Gordini Type 16.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [22, 22], "content_span": [23, 252]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073949-0000-0000", "contents": "1956 National Challenge Cup\nThe 1956 National Challenge Cup was the 43rd edition of the United States Soccer Football Association's annual open soccer championship. The final was contested over two legs between Harmarville Hurricanes and Chicago Schwabens, which the Hurricanes won 3\u20132 on aggregate score after a comeback from a two-goal deficit. Schwaben won the first leg 1\u20130 at home in Winnemac Park, Chicago and also scored the first goal in the return leg. The Hurricanes then scored three consecutive goals, including the clinching goal in the 142nd minute.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [27, 27], "content_span": [28, 563]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073950-0000-0000", "contents": "1956 National Invitation Tournament, Selected teams\nBelow is a list of the 12 teams selected for the tournament. The top four teams are seeded and receive a bye for the first round.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 51], "content_span": [52, 181]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073951-0000-0000", "contents": "1956 Nations motorcycle Grand Prix\nThe 1956 Nations motorcycle Grand Prix was the sixth and final round of the 1956 Grand Prix motorcycle racing season. It took place on 9 September 1956 at the Autodromo Nazionale Monza.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [34, 34], "content_span": [35, 220]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073952-0000-0000", "contents": "1956 Navy Midshipmen football team\nThe 1956 Navy Midshipmen football team represented the United States Naval Academy (USNA) as an independent during the 1956 NCAA University Division football season. The team was led by seventh-year head coach Eddie Erdelatz.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [34, 34], "content_span": [35, 260]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073953-0000-0000", "contents": "1956 Nebraska Cornhuskers football team\nThe 1956 Nebraska Cornhuskers football team was the representative of the University of Nebraska and member of the Big 7 Conference in the 1956 NCAA University Division football season. The team was coached by Pete Elliott and played their home games at Memorial Stadium in Lincoln, Nebraska.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [39, 39], "content_span": [40, 332]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073953-0001-0000", "contents": "1956 Nebraska Cornhuskers football team, Before the season\nNebraska's quest to return to its dominating winning ways was rather far off the track, the last three bright spots on the record books increasingly far into the past. The last season resulting in a convincing win record was 1950, where Nebraska finished 6-2-1. Prior to that, you had to look to the 8-2-0 finish in 1940.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 58], "content_span": [59, 380]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073953-0001-0001", "contents": "1956 Nebraska Cornhuskers football team, Before the season\nUnder this ongoing low period in program history, seven-year coach Bill Glassford had stepped down and was replaced by first-time head coach Pete Elliott, previously the Backfield Coach at Oklahoma, and a former college quarterback who helped lead the 1948 Michigan Wolverines football team to a national championship. With four new assistants on the staff, Elliott set to the task of proving he could run a football team and succeed.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 58], "content_span": [59, 493]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073953-0002-0000", "contents": "1956 Nebraska Cornhuskers football team, Game summaries, South Dakota\nCoach Elliott's first game as a head coach went down as a victory as the Cornhuskers had little trouble with South Dakota in Lincoln. It was the seventh straight loss by the Coyotes to Nebraska, and the 14th straight in the series without a South Dakota Victory since their one and only win against the Cornhuskers from 1899.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 69], "content_span": [70, 395]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073953-0003-0000", "contents": "1956 Nebraska Cornhuskers football team, Game summaries, Ohio State\nIn front of one of the larger crowds to watch a Nebraska football game, the Cornhuskers stumbled out of the gate in Columbus and found themselves behind 0-27 by the end of the first half. Nebraska avoided the shutout only by blocking a punt and falling on the ball in the end zone to secure a single touchdown. It was only the second time these teams had met, and the Buckeyes held both victories. Ohio State would go on to finish the season 6-3-0 and ranked #15 by the AP Poll.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 67], "content_span": [68, 546]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073953-0004-0000", "contents": "1956 Nebraska Cornhuskers football team, Game summaries, Iowa State\nNebraska's Big 7 season opened with the Cyclones arriving in Lincoln and bringing with them a real battle. As the game was drawing to a close, the Cornhuskers still trailed 6-7 when Nebraska PK George Harshman booted a 24-yard field goal in the final seconds to extract the win. The victory extended Nebraska's winning streak over Iowa State to 11 in a row, as the record now stood at 41-8-1.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 67], "content_span": [68, 460]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073953-0005-0000", "contents": "1956 Nebraska Cornhuskers football team, Game summaries, Kansas State\nKansas State arrived in Lincoln as the underdog, and perhaps few expected the Wildcats to put up much of a fight, as the stadium was relatively empty. As expected, just five minutes into the game, Nebraska scored to set the tone of a game that seemed decided before it started. However, if the outcome was foretold, someone failed to tell the Wildcat team, as Kansas State then put up a solid defensive effort to hold off any further Nebraska scores while punching in one of their own. In a turn of fortunes from the previous week, it was a field goal that made the difference and this time handed Nebraska a defeat. Kansas State had far to go to catch up in the series, however, as this win moved them only to 7-31-2 against Nebraska all time.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 69], "content_span": [70, 814]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073953-0006-0000", "contents": "1956 Nebraska Cornhuskers football team, Game summaries, Indiana\nNebraska looked to be in form to bounce back from the upset loss to Kansas State the week prior, and made a statement suggesting as much when they jumped out to a 14-0 lead over the Hoosiers. Following that second touchdown, however, the game was all Indiana as the undaunted visitors rolled off an unanswered 19 straight points to hand the Cornhuskers a third loss for the season, leaving them winless in their previous nine attempts against Indiana as they fell to 3-8-3 in the series.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 64], "content_span": [65, 552]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073953-0007-0000", "contents": "1956 Nebraska Cornhuskers football team, Game summaries, Colorado\nThe Cornhuskers were handed their first shutout loss of 1956 by Colorado, whose two touchdowns and safety provided the points to break their two-game losing streak to Nebraska. The win moved the Buffaloes to 6-9-0 over the Cornhuskers all-time, and left Nebraska nursing three straight losses, with just a 1-2 record in conference play so far for the season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 65], "content_span": [66, 424]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073953-0008-0000", "contents": "1956 Nebraska Cornhuskers football team, Game summaries, Missouri\nUnderdog Nebraska managed to create an exciting finish for the homecoming crowd at Memorial Stadium by staying within a score as time marched on. With Missouri holding onto the lead 14-9 and less than two minutes remaining, the Cornhuskers threw for a touchdown to go up by one point and snatch the victory from the Tigers. Nebraska's series lead remained comfortable at 28-18-3. This victory was the 350th all-time win for the Nebraska football team.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 65], "content_span": [66, 517]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073953-0009-0000", "contents": "1956 Nebraska Cornhuskers football team, Game summaries, Kansas\nTurning their attention to the homecoming event in Lawrence, Nebraska once again faced an opponent they were not expected to defeat. BY the end of the contest as the Jayhawks filed disappointed from the field on the wrong end of a 20-26 defeat, it may have seemed that coach Elliott had begun to figure out how to manage his football team, and that the season, now 4-4 and 3-2 in the Big 7, might be salvageable. Nebraska's win was the fifth straight in the series, and they improved to 46-13-3 over Kansas overall.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 63], "content_span": [64, 579]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073953-0010-0000", "contents": "1956 Nebraska Cornhuskers football team, Game summaries, Baylor\nNebraska fought a fairly even battle against the Bears until into the third quarter, when the line began to falter and allow Baylor to march down the field. The momentum of the game finally turned completely when Baylor returned a punt 91 yards for a score, and the Bears eventually pulled away by 19 points. It was the first time these teams had met since their first matchup in 1939, and the series was now tied at 1-1-0. Baylor went on to finish the season 8-2-0 and ranked #11 by the AP Poll.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 63], "content_span": [64, 560]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073953-0011-0000", "contents": "1956 Nebraska Cornhuskers football team, Game summaries, Oklahoma\nThe vaunted Oklahoma football powerhouse was Nebraska's final challenge of the year, and the Cornhuskers brought everything they had to bear against the Sooners. Despite their best efforts, Nebraska was fortunate to escape Norman without having suffered a shutout loss thanks to a single touchdown on a five-yard pass. Oklahoma moved to 17-16-3 against Nebraska to date, taking the lead in the series for the first time in the history of the games between these programs dating back to 1912. Oklahoma went on to finish the season undefeated at 10-0-0, Big 7 champions, and AP national champions.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 65], "content_span": [66, 661]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073953-0012-0000", "contents": "1956 Nebraska Cornhuskers football team, After the season\nCoach Elliott's first season did not bring any significant change to the fortunes of the program, finishing with a losing season to extend by another year the stretch of relatively unsuccessful campaigns waged by the Cornhuskers since the dawn of the 1940s. At the conclusion of the season, Elliott announced that he had accepted the head coaching position at California, making his first Nebraska season also his last. His California tenure lasted only three years as he compiled a disappointing 10-21 record, and his last two head coaching jobs at Illinois and Miami produced only four winning seasons over nine years.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 57], "content_span": [58, 678]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073953-0013-0000", "contents": "1956 Nebraska Cornhuskers football team, After the season\nNebraska's conference record under Elliott slipped to 146-58-12 (.704) while the overall program record fell to 351-189-34 (.641). Backfield Coach Bill Jennings was subsequently named as Elliott's successor and assumed control over the struggling Cornhusker football program.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 57], "content_span": [58, 333]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073954-0000-0000", "contents": "1956 Nebraska gubernatorial election\nThe 1956 Nebraska gubernatorial election was held on November 6, 1956, and featured incumbent Governor Victor E. Anderson, a Republican, defeating Democratic nominee, former state Senator Frank Sorrell, as well as independent George Morris, to win a second two-year term in office.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [36, 36], "content_span": [37, 318]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073955-0000-0000", "contents": "1956 Nemzeti Bajnoks\u00e1g I, Overview\nIt was performed by 12 teams. Season did not finish due to the Hungarian Revolution of 1956.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 34], "content_span": [35, 127]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073956-0000-0000", "contents": "1956 Nevada Wolf Pack football team\nThe 1956 Nevada Wolf Pack football team represented the University of Nevada during the 1956 NCAA College Division football season. Nevada competed as a member of the Far Western Conference (FWC). The Wolf Pack were led by second-year head coach Gordon McEachron and played their home games at Mackay Stadium.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [35, 35], "content_span": [36, 345]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073956-0001-0000", "contents": "1956 Nevada Wolf Pack football team, Previous season\nThe Wolf Pack finished the 1955 season 2\u20135 and 1\u20134 in FWC play to finish in fifth place.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 52], "content_span": [53, 141]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073957-0000-0000", "contents": "1956 New Brunswick general election\nThe 1956 New Brunswick general election was held on June 18, 1956, to elect 52 members to the 43rd New Brunswick Legislative Assembly, the governing house of the province of New Brunswick, Canada. The incumbent Progressive Conservative government of Hugh John Flemming was re-elected.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [35, 35], "content_span": [36, 320]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073958-0000-0000", "contents": "1956 New Hampshire Wildcats baseball team\nThe 1956 New Hampshire Wildcats baseball team represented the University of New Hampshire in the 1956 NCAA baseball season. The Wildcats played their home games at Brackett Field. The team was coached by Hank Swasey in his 11th year as head coach at New Hampshire.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 41], "section_span": [41, 41], "content_span": [42, 306]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073958-0001-0000", "contents": "1956 New Hampshire Wildcats baseball team\nThe Wildcats won the District I to advance to the College World Series, where they were defeated by the Arizona Wildcats.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 41], "section_span": [41, 41], "content_span": [42, 163]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073959-0000-0000", "contents": "1956 New Hampshire Wildcats football team\nThe 1956 New Hampshire Wildcats football team was an American football team that represented the University of New Hampshire as a member of the Yankee Conference during the 1956 college football season. In its eighth year under head coach Chief Boston, the team compiled a 3\u20134\u20131 record (2\u20131\u20131 against conference opponents) and finished third out of six teams in the Yankee Conference.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 41], "section_span": [41, 41], "content_span": [42, 426]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073960-0000-0000", "contents": "1956 New Hampshire gubernatorial election\nThe 1956 New Hampshire gubernatorial election was held on November 6, 1956. Incumbent Republican Lane Dwinell defeated Democratic nominee John Shaw with 54.73% of the vote.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 41], "section_span": [41, 41], "content_span": [42, 214]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073961-0000-0000", "contents": "1956 New Mexico A&M Aggies football team\nThe 1956 New Mexico A&M Aggies football team was an American football team that represented New Mexico College of Agriculture and Mechanical Arts (now known as New Mexico State University) as a member of the Border Conference during the 1956 NCAA University Division football season. In their second year under head coach Tony Cavallo, the Aggies compiled a 1\u20139 record (0\u20134 against conference opponents), finished last in the conference, and were outscored by a total of 276 to 131. The team played its home games at Memorial Stadium.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [40, 40], "content_span": [41, 575]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073962-0000-0000", "contents": "1956 New Mexico Lobos football team\nThe 1956 New Mexico Lobos football team represented the University of New Mexico in the Skyline Conference during the 1956 NCAA University Division football season. In their first season under head coach Dick Clausen, the Lobos compiled a 4\u20136 record (2\u20134 against Skyline opponents), finished in a tie for fifth in the conference, and were outscored by opponents by a total of 205 to 167.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [35, 35], "content_span": [36, 423]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073962-0001-0000", "contents": "1956 New Mexico Lobos football team\nOn December 29, 1955, the university announced the hiring of Dick Clausen as the new head football coach. Clausen had been the head coach at Coe College in Cedar Rapids, Iowa, from 1948 to 1955.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [35, 35], "content_span": [36, 230]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073963-0000-0000", "contents": "1956 New Mexico gubernatorial election\nThe 1956 New Mexico gubernatorial election took place on November 6, 1956, in order to elect the Governor of New Mexico. Incumbent Democrat John F. Simms ran for reelection to a second term.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [38, 38], "content_span": [39, 229]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073963-0001-0000", "contents": "1956 New Mexico gubernatorial election, Democratic primary\nThe Democratic primary was won by incumbent governor John F. Simms.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 58], "content_span": [59, 126]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073963-0002-0000", "contents": "1956 New Mexico gubernatorial election, Republican primary\nThe Republican primary was won by former governor Edwin L. Mechem.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 58], "content_span": [59, 125]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073964-0000-0000", "contents": "1956 New South Wales Road Racing Championship for Racing Cars\nThe 1956 New South Wales Road Racing Championship for Racing Cars was a motor race   held at the Mount Panorama Circuit, Bathurst, New South Wales, Australia on 1 October 1956. It was staged over 26 laps, a total distance of 100 miles (160\u00a0km). The race utilised a handicap format with the first car, the MG TF of Barry Topen, scheduled to start 18 minutes and 12 seconds before the last car, the Maserati 250F of Stan Jones. The championship was awarded to the driver setting the fastest time for the event, regardless of handicap result.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 61], "section_span": [61, 61], "content_span": [62, 601]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073964-0001-0000", "contents": "1956 New South Wales Road Racing Championship for Racing Cars\nThe championship was won by Stan Jones driving a Maserati 250F.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 61], "section_span": [61, 61], "content_span": [62, 125]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073965-0000-0000", "contents": "1956 New South Wales state election\nThe 1956 New South Wales state election  was held on 3 March 1956. It was conducted in single member constituencies with compulsory preferential voting and was held on boundaries created at a 1952 redistribution. The election was for all of the 94 seats in the Legislative Assembly.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [35, 35], "content_span": [36, 318]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073965-0001-0000", "contents": "1956 New South Wales state election, Issues\nIn March 1956, Labor had been in power for 15 years and Joseph Cahill who had won a landslide victory at the 1953 election had been premier for 4 years. Cahill, who was commonly known as \"old smoothie\" had been a popular premier and had shown some flair in leadership by announcing a design competition for the Sydney Opera House in September 1955. However, nationally the Labor party was divided on sectarian and ideological grounds. In Victoria, many members of the predominantly Catholic right-wing of the party had left the party and joined the nascent Democratic Labor Party (DLP).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 43], "content_span": [44, 630]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073965-0001-0001", "contents": "1956 New South Wales state election, Issues\nCahill was desperate to keep the New South Wales branch of the ALP united. He achieved this by controlling the anti-DLP faction led by his ex-minister Clive Evatt (brother of H V Evatt) while at the same time keeping the right-wing faction within the party. Cahill's attempts at unity were assisted by the state's Catholic hierarchy who were less politically involved than their Victorian counterparts under Daniel Mannix. As a result, the effects of this split were not as severe in New South Wales and the DLP did not contest the 1956 state election. However, the split did have a significant effect on the Labor Party's vote and contributed to the loss of the seat of Waratah.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 43], "content_span": [44, 723]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073965-0002-0000", "contents": "1956 New South Wales state election, Issues\nLabor's election promises included making the supply of state housing a top priority, reviving the State Bank which had been under the control of the federal government since 1932 and revitalizing the state's railways including the long delayed Eastern Suburbs line.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 43], "content_span": [44, 310]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073965-0003-0000", "contents": "1956 New South Wales state election, Issues\nThe coalition of the Liberal Party and Country Party coalition continued to suffer from leadership issues. Murray Robson had replaced Vernon Treatt as the Liberal Party leader and Leader of the Opposition in August 1954, but had proved inept for the position and was replaced by Pat Morton as leader in September 1955. Morton was a somewhat aloof figure, with a public presence more typical of pre-war conservative politicians, and found it difficult to connect with the public. Michael Bruxner continued as the leader of the Country Party.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 43], "content_span": [44, 584]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073965-0004-0000", "contents": "1956 New South Wales state election, Issues\nThe opposition campaigned on the government's broken promises and uncompleted public works as well as resentment against compulsory unionism and the implementation of the Cumberland Plan, which reserved a large area of the Sydney Basin from development. The coalition promised that the state transport system would be run along the lines of private enterprise and cease to be a drain on the state's budget. Bruxner called Cahill's plans a death bed repentance with no incentives for rural development.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 43], "content_span": [44, 545]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073965-0005-0000", "contents": "1956 New South Wales state election, Results\nThe result of the election was a clear victory for Labor despite a net loss of 7 seats:", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 44], "content_span": [45, 132]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073965-0006-0000", "contents": "1956 New South Wales state election, Results\nThe results gave Labor a parliamentary buffer of 3 seats plus the usual support of Tom Armstrong.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 44], "content_span": [45, 142]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073965-0007-0000", "contents": "1956 New South Wales state election, Results\nLabor losses were largely confined to the marginal or usually conservative seats that it had unexpectedly won at the 1953 election including Armidale, Coogee, Drummoyne, Georges River, Parramatta, and Sutherland. Labor regained the seat of Hartley from Independent Labor member Jim Chalmers who unsuccessfully contested Nepean as an independent. The loss of the usually safe seat of Waratah was a shock for Labor and was caused by a number of factors. The popular Labor incumbent Robert Cameron had retired and after a bitter pre-selection battle, Labor endorsed a Tighes Hill butcher, Harry Sheedy.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 44], "content_span": [45, 644]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073965-0007-0001", "contents": "1956 New South Wales state election, Results\nSheedy was a member of the socialist wing of the party and, at a time when the party was split on sectarian and ideological grounds, was disliked by many among the large and usually Labor voting Catholic population in the electorate. His main opponent and the winner of the seat was the independent, Frank Purdue who was prominent in local Government and the popular Lord Mayor of Newcastle.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 44], "content_span": [45, 436]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073965-0008-0000", "contents": "1956 New South Wales state election, Seats changing party representation\n\u2021 The seat of Kahibah was won by Independent Labor candidate Tom Armstrong at the 1953 by-election caused by the resignation of Labor's Joshua Arthur", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 72], "content_span": [73, 222]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073965-0009-0000", "contents": "1956 New South Wales state election, Tabulated results\nNew South Wales state election, 3\u00a0March 1956Legislative Assembly << 1953\u20131959 >>", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 54], "content_span": [55, 135]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073965-0010-0000", "contents": "1956 New South Wales state election, Aftermath\nJoe Cahill's triumph at this election ensured that he remained premier during the course of the parliament. Pat Morton remained Leader of the Opposition but Michael Bruxner finally retired as Leader of the New South Wales Country Party, a position he had held since 1932 and was replaced by Davis Hughes in 1958. During the parliament there were 6 by-elections.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 46], "content_span": [47, 408]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073965-0010-0001", "contents": "1956 New South Wales state election, Aftermath\nThis led to changes in party representation in Kahibah where the endorsed Labor candidate Jack Stewart won the by-election caused by the death of the Independent Labor incumbent Tom Armstrong and in Wagga Wagga the Liberal's Wal Fife won the by-election caused by the death of the Labor incumbent Eddie Graham. These results effectively reduced the government's majority by 1.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 46], "content_span": [47, 423]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073966-0000-0000", "contents": "1956 New Year Honours\nThe New Year Honours 1956 were appointments in many of the Commonwealth realms of Queen Elizabeth II to various orders and honours to reward and highlight good works by citizens of those countries. They were announced on 2 January 1956 to celebrate the year passed and mark the beginning of 1956.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [21, 21], "content_span": [22, 318]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073966-0001-0000", "contents": "1956 New Year Honours\nThe recipients of honours are displayed here as they were styled before their new honour, and arranged by honour, with classes (Knight, Knight Grand Cross, etc.) and then divisions (Military, Civil, etc.) as appropriate.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [21, 21], "content_span": [22, 242]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073966-0002-0000", "contents": "1956 New Year Honours, United Kingdom and Commonwealth, Royal Victorian Order, Member of the Royal Victorian Order (MVO)\nAt this time the two lowest classes of the Royal Victorian Order were \"Member (fourth class)\" and \"Member (fifth class)\", both with post-nominal letters MVO. \"Member (fourth class)\" was renamed \"Lieutenant\" (LVO) from the 1985 New Year Honours onwards.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [23, 120], "content_span": [121, 373]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073967-0000-0000", "contents": "1956 New Year Honours (New Zealand)\nThe 1956 New Year Honours in New Zealand were appointments by Elizabeth II on the advice of the New Zealand government to various orders and honours to reward and highlight good works by New Zealanders. The awards celebrated the passing of 1955 and the beginning of 1956, and were announced on 2 January 1956.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [35, 35], "content_span": [36, 345]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073967-0001-0000", "contents": "1956 New Year Honours (New Zealand)\nThe recipients of honours are displayed here as they were styled before their new honour.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [35, 35], "content_span": [36, 125]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073968-0000-0000", "contents": "1956 New York Film Critics Circle Awards\nThe 22nd New York Film Critics Circle Awards, honored the best filmmaking of 1956.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [40, 40], "content_span": [41, 123]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073969-0000-0000", "contents": "1956 New York Giants (MLB) season\nThe 1956 New York Giants season was the franchise's 74th season. The team finished in sixth place in the National League with a 67-87 record, 26 games behind the Brooklyn Dodgers.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [33, 33], "content_span": [34, 213]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073969-0001-0000", "contents": "1956 New York Giants (MLB) season, Player stats, Batting, Starters by position\nNote: Pos = Position; G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 78], "content_span": [79, 203]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073969-0002-0000", "contents": "1956 New York Giants (MLB) season, Player stats, Batting, Other batters\nNote: G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 71], "content_span": [72, 180]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073969-0003-0000", "contents": "1956 New York Giants (MLB) season, Player stats, Pitching, Starting pitchers\nNote: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 76], "content_span": [77, 187]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073969-0004-0000", "contents": "1956 New York Giants (MLB) season, Player stats, Pitching, Other pitchers\nNote: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 73], "content_span": [74, 184]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073969-0005-0000", "contents": "1956 New York Giants (MLB) season, Player stats, Pitching, Relief pitchers\nNote: G = Games pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; SV = Saves; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 74], "content_span": [75, 175]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073970-0000-0000", "contents": "1956 New York Giants season\nThe 1956 New York Giants season was the franchise's 32nd season in the National Football League. After finishing with an 8\u20133\u20131 record, the Giants won their fourth league title by defeating the Chicago Bears 47\u20137 in the NFL championship game. It was their first NFL title in eighteen years; the Giants did not win another for thirty more.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [27, 27], "content_span": [28, 365]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073970-0001-0000", "contents": "1956 New York Giants season, Game Summaries, Standings\nNote: Tie games were not officially counted in the standings until 1972.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 54], "content_span": [55, 127]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073971-0000-0000", "contents": "1956 New York Yankees season\nThe 1956 New York Yankees season was the 54th season for the team in New York, and its 56th season overall. The team finished with a record of 97\u201357, winning their 22nd pennant, finishing 9 games ahead of the Cleveland Indians. New York was managed by Casey Stengel. The Yankees played their home games at Yankee Stadium. In the World Series, they defeated the Brooklyn Dodgers in 7 games. The Series featured the only no-hitter in Series play, a perfect game, delivered by the Yankees' Don Larsen in Game 5.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [28, 28], "content_span": [29, 537]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073971-0001-0000", "contents": "1956 New York Yankees season, Player stats, Batting, Starters by position\nNote: Pos = Position; G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 73], "content_span": [74, 198]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073971-0002-0000", "contents": "1956 New York Yankees season, Player stats, Batting, Other batters\nNote: G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 66], "content_span": [67, 175]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073971-0003-0000", "contents": "1956 New York Yankees season, Player stats, Pitching, Starting pitchers\nNote: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 71], "content_span": [72, 182]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073971-0004-0000", "contents": "1956 New York Yankees season, Player stats, Pitching, Other pitchers\nNote: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 68], "content_span": [69, 179]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073971-0005-0000", "contents": "1956 New York Yankees season, Player stats, Pitching, Relief pitchers\nNote: G = Games pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; SV = Saves; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 69], "content_span": [70, 170]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073971-0006-0000", "contents": "1956 New York Yankees season, 1956 World Series\nAL New York Yankees (4) vs. NL Brooklyn Dodgers (3)", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 47], "content_span": [48, 99]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073972-0000-0000", "contents": "1956 New Zealand Grand Prix\nThe 1956 New Zealand Grand Prix was a motor race held at the Ardmore Circuit on 7 January 1956.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [27, 27], "content_span": [28, 123]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073973-0000-0000", "contents": "1956 New Zealand M\u0101ori rugby league tour of Australia\nThe 1956 New Zealand M\u0101ori rugby league tour of Australia was the fourth overseas tour by a M\u0101ori rugby league team. The previous three tours were also to Australia. There had been tours in both 1908 and 1909 during the code\u2019s formative years. The third tour occurred in 1922. In the rival code, New Zealand M\u0101ori Rugby Union teams had undertaken taken three tours since the conclusion of World War II:\u2014 to Fiji in 1948 and 1954, and to Australia in 1949. In Rugby League, M\u0101ori teams had played touring teams in 1946, 1949, 1953, 1954 and 1955.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 53], "section_span": [53, 53], "content_span": [54, 599]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073973-0000-0001", "contents": "1956 New Zealand M\u0101ori rugby league tour of Australia\nThis M\u0101ori tour, which began on August 1, followed a tour by the New Zealand national team which had concluded in early July. Two players, Henry Maxwell and Mauriohooho (Joe) Murray participated in both tours. Simon Yates was on the M\u0101ori tour, whilst his brother John Yates had been on the Kiwis tour. The October 1955 issue of the Rugby League News mentioned the prospect of a M\u0101ori tour to Australia. The December 1955 issue included a draft itinerary.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 53], "section_span": [53, 53], "content_span": [54, 509]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073973-0001-0000", "contents": "1956 New Zealand M\u0101ori rugby league tour of Australia, Leadership\nThe M\u0101ori team was managed by Ernie Asher who had been a player on the 1908 and 1909 tours, and Wilf Davies. Travers Hardwick coached the team. Hardwick had toured Australia with the New Zealand national team in 1948 and 1952. The team was captained by Henry Maxwell, with George Turner serving as vice-captain.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 53], "section_span": [55, 65], "content_span": [66, 377]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073973-0002-0000", "contents": "1956 New Zealand M\u0101ori rugby league tour of Australia, Squad\nThe Rugby League News published a ,  (Age, Height and Weight) and  of the tourists.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 53], "section_span": [55, 60], "content_span": [61, 144]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073973-0003-0000", "contents": "1956 New Zealand M\u0101ori rugby league tour of Australia, Matches\nNorth Coast: FB: C. Robinson ( Nambucca), WG: S. Notaris (Upper Clarence), CE: E. Carney ( Wauchope), CE: Ray Lumsden (Urunga), WG: B. Johnson (Coffs), FE: J. Daley (Lismore), HB: O. Steele ( Nambucca), LK: George Smith (Glenreagh), SR: Arthur Collinson (Port Macquarie), SR: Guy Brazier (Dorrigo), PR: Lloyd Hudson ( Central Kempsey), HK: Percy Purchase (Kempsey CYM), PR: W. Rann (Richmond), Coach: Des Ponchard (Kempsey CYM). New Zealand M\u0101ori: FB: Ron Goodin, WG: Hugh McKinnon, CE: Andrew Berryman, CE: George Turner, WG: Vic Pirihi, FE: Joe Gibbons, HB: Russell Herawini, LK: Arney Hawkes, SR: Simon Yates, SR: Mauriohooho (Joe) Murray, PR: Joe R\u0101tima, HK: Kingi Tamati, PR: Henry Maxwell.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 53], "section_span": [55, 62], "content_span": [63, 758]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073973-0004-0000", "contents": "1956 New Zealand M\u0101ori rugby league tour of Australia, Matches\nIpswich: FB: Jim Holbeck ( Booval Swifts), WG: Denis Flannery ( Brothers), CE: Les Duncan ( West End), CE: Barry Brennan ( West End), WG: Jim Pegg ( Brothers), FE: Don Barrett ( Booval Swifts), HB: Des Brown ( Railways), LK: Stan Walker ( Booval Swifts), SR: Jim Breslin ( Brothers), SR: Mick Scully ( West End), PR: Dud Beattie ( Railways), HK: Denis Jackwitz ( Railways), PR: Gary Parcell ( Brothers), Coach: Dan Dempsey (Ipswich ). New Zealand M\u0101ori: FB: Andrew Berryman, WG: Hugh McKinnon, CE: Ted Penney, CE: George Turner, WG: Barry Maddigan, FE: Jack Te Kawa, HB: Joe Wright, LK: Bill Paki, SR: Mauriohooho (Joe) Murray, SR: Simon Yates, PR: Joe R\u0101tima, HK: Ted Cook, PR: Jim Cassidy.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 53], "section_span": [55, 62], "content_span": [63, 754]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073973-0005-0000", "contents": "1956 New Zealand M\u0101ori rugby league tour of Australia, Matches\nSouthern Division: FB: Darcy Russell ( Wests), WG: Jack Cuneo, CE: Tony Turner, CE: Les Jones ( Jamberoo), WG: Don Spence, FE: K. Keech, HB: Ron Smith, LK: Paul Broughton ( Corrimal), SR: Angus Miller ( Berry), SR: Pat Quinn ( Gerringong), PR: Bruce Noble ( Jamberoo), PR: Bill Poland ( Corrimal), HK: Ron Hopper, Coach: Leo Doyle. New Zealand M\u0101ori: FB: Ron Goodin, WG: Barry Maddigan, CE: Andrew Berryman, CE: George Turner, WG: Vic Pirihi, FE: Ted Penney, HB: Joe Wright, LK: Arney Hawkes, SR: Mauriohooho (Joe) Murray, SR: Simon Yates, PR: Henry Maxwell, HK: Kingi Tamati, PR: Joe R\u0101tima.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 53], "section_span": [55, 62], "content_span": [63, 655]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073973-0006-0000", "contents": "1956 New Zealand M\u0101ori rugby league tour of Australia, Matches\nMetropolis: FB: Doug Fleming ( St George), WG: Ray Burke ( Parramatta), CE: Merv Lees ( St George), CE: John Hobbs ( Manly), WG: Ray Ritchie ( Manly), FE: Ian Johnston ( Wests), HB: Peter Burke ( Manly), LK: Dick See ( Easts), SR: Jack (Buddy) Bowman ( Canterbury), SR: Henry Holloway ( Newtown), PR: Mark Patch ( Wests), HK: Norm Strong ( Norths), PR: Roy Fisher ( Parramatta). Ray Cardilini ( Norths) and Bruce Sullivan ( Easts) were selected as reserves but did not play. New Zealand M\u0101ori: FB: Andrew Berryman, WG: Hugh McKinnon, CE: George Turner, CE: Joe Gibbons, WG: Barry Maddigan, FE: Jack Te Kawa, HB: Joe Wright, LK: Arney Hawkes, SR: Bill Paki, SR: Mauriohooho (Joe) Murray, PR: Joe R\u0101tima, HK: Kingi Tamati, PR: Henry Maxwell.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 53], "section_span": [55, 62], "content_span": [63, 802]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073973-0007-0000", "contents": "1956 New Zealand M\u0101ori rugby league tour of Australia, Matches\nSydney: FB: Gordon Clifford ( Newtown), WG: Ray Cardilini ( Norths), CE: Bob Honeysett ( Souths), CE: Harry Wells ( Wests), WG: Ray Ritchie ( Manly), FE: Ian Johnston ( Wests), HB: Col Donohoe ( Souths), LK: Dick See ( Easts), SR: Bernie Purcell ( Souths), SR: Bruce Sullivan ( Easts), PR: Don Evenden ( Norths), HK: Norm Strong ( Norths), PR: Les Hampson ( Newtown). John Hobbs ( Manly) and Roy Fisher ( Parramatta) were selected as reserves but did not play. Ernie Hammerton ( Souths) was originally selected but withdrew. New Zealand M\u0101ori: FB: Andrew Berryman, WG: Hugh McKinnon, CE: George Turner, CE: Ron Goodin, WG: Barry Maddigan, FE: Jack Te Kawa, HB: Joe Wright, LK: Arney Hawkes, SR: Bill Paki, SR: Mauriohooho (Joe) Murray, PR: Joe R\u0101tima, HK: Kingi Tamati, PR: Henry Maxwell.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 53], "section_span": [55, 62], "content_span": [63, 851]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073973-0008-0000", "contents": "1956 New Zealand M\u0101ori rugby league tour of Australia, Matches\nGroup 20: FB: Fred Maxwell ( Narrandera), WG: Laurie Foley ( Yenda), WG: A. Campbell ( Wagga Magpies), CE: Brian Clay ( Griffith), CE: Peter Payne ( Griffith), FE: A. Staunton ( Wagga Magpies), HB: D. Tucker ( Leeton), LK: Ossie Reberger (Wamoon), SR: B. Elliott ( Wagga Magpies), SR: Keith Kesby ( Griffith), PR: Keith Jack ( Leeton), HK: J. Castles ( Wagga Magpies), PR: Billy Watson (Wamoon). L. Williams (Wamoon) and L. Grosso ( Yenda) were selected as reserves.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 53], "section_span": [55, 62], "content_span": [63, 529]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073973-0008-0001", "contents": "1956 New Zealand M\u0101ori rugby league tour of Australia, Matches\nGeorge Phillips ( Leeton) was not in the selected team but is mentioned as playing in the match report of the local Griffith newspaper, The Area News. New Zealand M\u0101ori: FB: Ron Goodin, WG: Vic Pirihi, WG: Ted Penney, CE: George Turner, CE: George Bell, FE: Russell Herawini, HB: Jack Te Kawa, LK: Bill Paki, SR: Denis Hansen, SR: Mauriohooho (Joe) Murray, PR: Joe R\u0101tima, HK: Ted Cook, PR: Henry Maxwell.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 53], "section_span": [55, 62], "content_span": [63, 468]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073974-0000-0000", "contents": "1956 New Zealand rugby league season\nThe 1956 New Zealand rugby league season was the 49th season of rugby league that had been played in New Zealand.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [36, 36], "content_span": [37, 150]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073974-0001-0000", "contents": "1956 New Zealand rugby league season, International competitions\nNew Zealand returned from their tour of Great Britain and France. The Kiwis then toured Australia, losing the test series 3-nil. The team was coached by Bill Telford, managed by Ron McGregor and included Des White, Vern Bakalich, first and third test captain Tommy Baxter, Bill Sorensen, Cyril Eastlake, second test captain George Menzies, Sel Belsham, Henry Maxwell, Jock Butterfield, Duncan MacRae, Jim Riddell, Arnold Green, Cliff Johnson, Frank Mulcare and Tom Hadfield.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 64], "content_span": [65, 539]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073974-0002-0000", "contents": "1956 New Zealand rugby league season, International competitions\n15 games were played on tour, including the three test matches and games against Wide Bay and Brisbane.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 64], "content_span": [65, 168]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073974-0003-0000", "contents": "1956 New Zealand rugby league season, International competitions\nThe Balmain Tigers defeated the Ellerslie Eagles 35-7 during the year.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 64], "content_span": [65, 135]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073974-0004-0000", "contents": "1956 New Zealand rugby league season, National competitions, Northern Union Cup\nAuckland again held the Northern Union Cup at the end of the season. During the year the New Zealand Rugby League ruled that the Cup must be at stake in all of the holders matches, home and away, except from special tournaments.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 79], "content_span": [80, 308]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073974-0005-0000", "contents": "1956 New Zealand rugby league season, National competitions, Inter-island competition\nThe South Island included Pat Creedy at fullback and Arnold Green.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 85], "content_span": [86, 152]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073974-0006-0000", "contents": "1956 New Zealand rugby league season, National competitions, Inter-district competition\nAuckland traveled to Tahuna Park, beating Otago 51-11 in the first floodlit rugby league match in Dunedin. Auckland then headed north, defeating Canterbury 13-5 and the West Coast 9-7. Auckland included Bevin Hough, George Turner, Brian Campbell, Alan Riechelmann and Keith Bell.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 87], "content_span": [88, 367]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073974-0007-0000", "contents": "1956 New Zealand rugby league season, Club competitions, Auckland\nRichmond won the Auckland Rugby League's Fox Memorial Trophy. They shared the Rukutai Shield with Point Chevalier. Ellerslie won the Roope Rooster while Richmond won the Stormont Shield.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 65], "content_span": [66, 252]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073974-0008-0000", "contents": "1956 New Zealand rugby league season, Club competitions, Other Competitions\nSydenham defeated Greymouth Marist 19-11 to win the Thacker Shield.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 75], "content_span": [76, 143]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073975-0000-0000", "contents": "1956 New Zealand rugby league tour of Australia\nThe 1956 New Zealand rugby league tour of Australia was the eighteenth tour by New Zealand's national rugby league team, and the thirteenth tour to visit Australia. The fifteen-match tour included three Test Matches. The touring team began with a pair of wins but then lost the next two, against Newcastle and the First Test in Sydney. Five strong performances in Queensland followed, with wins by wide margins in high-scoring matches. In contrast, the Second Test was a low-scoring match, Australia winning 8 to 2 to secure their first Trans-Tasman series win since 1935. New Zealand lost the Third Test, and thus the series three-nil, and also the two tour matches that followed.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 47], "section_span": [47, 47], "content_span": [48, 729]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073975-0001-0000", "contents": "1956 New Zealand rugby league tour of Australia, Squad\nThe Rugby League News published a ,  (Occupation, Age, Height and Weight) and pen portraits of the tourists:  and  which listed their provincial team.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 47], "section_span": [49, 54], "content_span": [55, 205]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073975-0002-0000", "contents": "1956 New Zealand rugby league tour of Australia, Matches\nWestern NSW: FB: Barry Russell (age 22),  WG: William Miller (23) ( Parkes), CE: Ray Quinnell (23), CE: Alex Whitby (23), WG: Joseph Cohen (23), FE: Jack McIntosh (25), HB: William Roberts (26) (Orange), LK: John Gain (23) ( Parkes), SR: Jack Perrin (24) ( Parkes), SR: Patrick Weldon (21) (Orange), PR: Hilton Bonham (20) (Bathurst), HK: John Kelly (24), PR: Laurie Bennett (26) (Lithgow). Ken Van Heekeren (24) and Frank Border (27) were selected as reserves, but did not play. New Zealand: FB: Pat Creedy, WG: Vern Bakalich, CE: Ron Ackland, CE: Cyril Eastlake, WG: Reese Griffiths, FE: George Menzies, HB: Sel Belsham, LK: Frank Mulcare, SR: Jim Riddell, SR: Cliff Johnson, PR: John Bond, HK: Jock Butterfield, PR: John Yates.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 47], "section_span": [49, 56], "content_span": [57, 787]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073975-0003-0000", "contents": "1956 New Zealand rugby league tour of Australia, Matches\nNew South Wales: FB: Ron Willey (age 28) ( Manly), WG: Ross Kite (24) ( St George), CE: Dick Poole (25) ( Newtown), CE: Tony Paskins (27) ( Easts), WG: Don Adams (22) ( Maitland), FE: Graham Laird (22) ( Parramatta), HB: Col Donohoe (26) ( Souths), LK: Peter O'Connor (25) ( Young), SR: Don Schofield (25) ( Cessnock), SR: Henry Holloway (25) ( Newtown), PR: Roy Bull (26) ( Manly), HK: Ken Kearney (30) ( St George), PR: Les Hampson (22) ( Newtown).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 47], "section_span": [49, 56], "content_span": [57, 507]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073975-0003-0001", "contents": "1956 New Zealand rugby league tour of Australia, Matches\nBryan Orrock (25) ( St George) and Keith Holman (28) ( Wests) were selected as reserves but did not play. New Zealand: FB: Des White, WG: Vern Bakalich, CE: Bill Sorensen, CE: Tommy Baxter, WG: Cyril Eastlake, FE: George Menzies, HB: Sel Belsham, LK: Frank Mulcare, SR: Cliff Johnson, SR: Jim Riddell, PR: Duncan MacRae, HK: Jock Butterfield, PR: Henry Maxwell.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 47], "section_span": [49, 56], "content_span": [57, 418]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073975-0004-0000", "contents": "1956 New Zealand rugby league tour of Australia, Matches\nNewcastle: FB: Russ Naughton ( Lakes United), WG: Don Adams ( Maitland), CE: J. Fitzpatrick, CE: Neil McDonnell ( Lakes United), WG: Brian Carlson ( Souths), FE: Warren Foley ( Waratah Mayfield), HB: Bobby Banks ( Waratah Mayfield), LK: Bill Smith ( Waratah Mayfield), SR: Kurri Chapple ( Kurri), SR: Don Schofield ( Cessnock), PR: Doug Hawke ( Norths), HK: Ken Fogarty ( Maitland), PR: Fred Brown ( Maitland). New Zealand: FB: Des White, WG: Gordon Moncur, CE: Tommy Baxter, CE: Tom Hadfield, WG: Arnold Green, FE: Bill Sorensen, HB: Pat Creedy, LK: Rex Percy, SR: John Yates, SR: Duncan MacRae, PR: Mauriohooho Murray, HK: John Lasher, PR: Henry Maxwell.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 47], "section_span": [49, 56], "content_span": [57, 713]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073975-0005-0000", "contents": "1956 New Zealand rugby league tour of Australia, Matches, 1st Test\nAustralia: FB: Ken McCrohon (23) ( Brisbane Western Suburbs), WG: Don Adams ( Maitland), CE: Alex Watson (23) ( Brisbane Western Suburbs), CE: Dick Poole (25) ( Newtown), WG: Ian Moir (24) ( South Sydney), FE: Cyril Connell Jr (26) ( North Rockhampton), HB: Keith Holman (28) ( Western Suburbs), LK: Ian Doyle (24) ( Toowoomba All Whites), SR: Ignatius Tyquin (23) ( South Brisbane), SR: Kel O'Shea (22) ( Western Suburbs), PR: Roy Bull (26) ( Manly-Warringah), HK: Ken Kearney (30) ( St George), PR: Brian Davies (25) ( Brisbane Brothers).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 47], "section_span": [49, 66], "content_span": [67, 607]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073975-0005-0001", "contents": "1956 New Zealand rugby league tour of Australia, Matches, 1st Test\nTom Payne (21) ( Toowoomba All Whites) and Don Furner (23) ( Toowoomba Souths) were selected as reserves but did not play. Brian Carlson (23) ( South Newcastle) was selected for this match but withdrew. New Zealand: FB: Des White, WG: Vern Bakalich, CE: Tommy Baxter, CE: Bill Sorensen, WG: Cyril Eastlake, FE: George Menzies, HB: Sel Belsham, LK: Frank Mulcare, SR: Cliff Johnson, SR: Jim Riddell, PR: Duncan MacRae, HK: Jock Butterfield, PR: Henry Maxwell.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 47], "section_span": [49, 66], "content_span": [67, 525]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073975-0006-0000", "contents": "1956 New Zealand rugby league tour of Australia, Matches, 1st Test\nBrisbane: FB: Ken McCrohon ( Wests), WG: B. Pryor ( Souths), CE: J. Mulgrew ( Valleys), CE: Norm Pope ( Valleys), WG: Bill Monkland ( Wests), FE: Norm Reynolds ( Wests), HB: Darcy Ryan ( Wests), LK: John Bruton ( Brothers), SR: J. Duncan ( Brothers), SR: Tom Tyquin ( Souths), PR: Brian. Davies ( Brothers), HK: Alan Hornery ( Wests), PR: Norm McFadden ( Valleys). New Zealand: FB: Pat Creedy, WG: Ron Ackland, CE: Bill Sorensen, CE: Arnold Green, WG: Tom Hadfield, FE: Cyril Eastlake, HB: Sel Belsham, LK: Frank Mulcare, SR: John Yates, SR: Jim Riddell, PR: Mauriohooho Murray, HK: John Lasher, PR: John Bond.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 47], "section_span": [49, 66], "content_span": [67, 677]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073975-0007-0000", "contents": "1956 New Zealand rugby league tour of Australia, Matches, 1st Test\nToowoomba: FB: Athol Halpin ( All Whites), WG: Des McGovern (age 28) ( All Whites), CE: Tom Payne (21) ( All Whites), CE: Les Hardy ( Souths), WG: Bob Buckley ( All Whites), FE: H. Walker ( Souths), HB: Sammy Hunter (25) ( Souths), LK: Ian Doyle (24) ( All Whites), SR: Jim Payne (19) ( All Whites), SR: Don Furner (23) ( Souths), PR: Ron Proudfoot (22) ( Newtown), HK: Leo Johnson ( Newtown), PR: Kev Boshammer ( All Whites), Coach: Duncan Thompson (Toowoomba ). New Zealand: FB: Des White, WG: Ron Ackland, CE: Tom Hadfield, CE: Bill Sorensen, WG: Gordon Moncur, FE: Cyril Eastlake, HB: Sel Belsham, LK: Rex Percy, SR: Cliff Johnson, SR: John Yates, PR: Henry Maxwell, HK: Jock Butterfield, PR: Duncan MacRae.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 47], "section_span": [49, 66], "content_span": [67, 778]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073975-0008-0000", "contents": "1956 New Zealand rugby league tour of Australia, Matches, 1st Test\nQueensland: FB: Ken McCrohon (age 23) ( Wests), WG: Des McGovern (28) ( Toowoomba All Whites), CE: Alex Watson (23) ( Wests), CE: Tom Payne (21) ( Toowoomba All Whites), WG: Bob Buckley ( Toowoomba All Whites), FE: Cyril Connell Jr (26) ( North Rockhampton), HB: Sammy Hunter (25) ( Toowoomba Souths), LK: Tom Tyquin (23) ( Souths), SR: Gary Parcell ( Ipswich Brothers), SR: Don Furner (23) ( Toowoomba Souths), PR: Brian Davies (25) ( Brisbane Brothers), HK: Alan Hornery ( Wests), PR: Ron Proudfoot (22) ( Toowoomba Newtown). New Zealand: FB: Des White, WG: Tom Hadfield, CE: Bill Sorensen, CE: Tommy Baxter, WG: Vern Bakalich, FE: George Menzies, HB: Sel Belsham, LK: Frank Mulcare, SR: Jim Riddell, SR: Cliff Johnson, PR: Henry Maxwell, HK: Jock Butterfield, PR: Duncan MacRae, RF: Mauriohooho Murray, RB: Ron Ackland.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 47], "section_span": [49, 66], "content_span": [67, 889]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073975-0009-0000", "contents": "1956 New Zealand rugby league tour of Australia, Matches, 1st Test\nCentral Queensland: FB: Ray Robinson ( Railways), WG: Allan Rycen ( Railways), CE: Ray Thomas ( Fitzroys), CE: G. Little ( Brothers), WG: Malcolm Spencer ( Railways), FE: Bob Banks ( Norths), HB: Ken Jenkins ( Norths), LK: Ollie Smith ( Brothers), SR: Nev Callaghan ( Fitzroys), SR: Pat Sear ( Norths), PR: C. Harkin ( Brothers), HK: P. Millroy ( Norths), PR: Brian Cridland ( Norths). New Zealand: FB: Des White, WG: Vern Bakalich, CE: Tom Hadfield, CE: Tommy Baxter, WG: Reese Griffiths, FE: Bill Sorensen, HB: Keith Roberts, LK: Rex Percy, SR: Jock Butterfield, SR: Ossie Butt, PR: John Bond, HK: John Lasher, PR: Mauriohooho Murray.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 47], "section_span": [49, 66], "content_span": [67, 703]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073975-0010-0000", "contents": "1956 New Zealand rugby league tour of Australia, Matches, 1st Test\nNorth Queensland: FB: Bevan Hoyle (Townsville), WG: Albert Roberts (Townsville), CE: Len Blaik (Townsville), CE: Ron Tait ( Innisfail), WG: Morry Breen ( Innisfail), FE: Thorpe Scott (Townsville), HB: Ken Woodward (Cairns), LK: Hugh Kelly (age 23) (Cairns), SR: Danny Clifford (Tully), SR: Elton Rasmussen ( Mackay Magpies), PR: John Blankensee (Cairns), HK: Ron Griffiths (Cairns), PR: Ken Herbert (Townsville). New Zealand: FB: Cyril Eastlake, WG: Gordon Moncur, CE: Reese Griffiths, CE: Tommy Baxter, WG: Arnold Green, FE: Bill Sorensen, HB: Keith Roberts, LK: Rex Percy, SR: Jock Butterfield, SR: Ossie Butt, PR: Duncan MacRae, HK: John Lasher, PR: Henry Maxwell.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 47], "section_span": [49, 66], "content_span": [67, 734]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073975-0011-0000", "contents": "1956 New Zealand rugby league tour of Australia, Matches, 2nd Test\nAustralia: FB: Gordon Clifford ( Newtown), WG: Don Adams ( Maitland), CE: Dick Poole ( Newtown), CE: Alex Watson ( Brisbane Western Suburbs), WG: Des McGovern ( Toowoomba All Whites), FE: Cyril Connell Jr ( North Rockhampton), HB: Keith Holman ( Western Suburbs), LK: Ian Doyle ( Toowoomba All Whites), SR: Tom Tyquin ( South Brisbane), SR: Kel O'Shea ( Western Suburbs), PR: Brian Davies ( Brisbane Brothers), HK: Ken Kearney ( St George), PR: Roy Bull ( Manly-Warringah). New Zealand: FB: Des White, WG: Vern Bakalich, CE: Cyril Eastlake, CE: Bill Sorensen, WG: Tom Hadfield, FE: George Menzies, HB: Sel Belsham, LK: Frank Mulcare, SR: Henry Maxwell, SR: Cliff Johnson, PR: Jim Riddell, HK: Jock Butterfield, PR: Duncan MacRae.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 47], "section_span": [49, 66], "content_span": [67, 796]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073975-0012-0000", "contents": "1956 New Zealand rugby league tour of Australia, Matches, 2nd Test\nWide Bay: FB: A. Brunkie, WG: L. Kavanagh, CE: W. Beck, CE: P. Clarke, WG: W. Hannen, FE: B. Sherwood, HB: G. Norris, LK: L. Hooper, SR: R. Marles, SR: T. Drysdale, PR: R. King, HK: Keith Weston, PR: M. Ziebath. New Zealand: FB: Des White, WG: Cyril Eastlake, CE: Reese Griffiths, CE: Gordon Moncur, WG: Arnold Green, FE: George Menzies, HB: Keith Roberts, LK: Rex Percy, SR: Jim Riddell, SR: Ossie Butt, PR: Mauriohooho Murray, HK: John Lasher, PR: John Bond.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 47], "section_span": [49, 66], "content_span": [67, 527]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073975-0013-0000", "contents": "1956 New Zealand rugby league tour of Australia, Matches, 2nd Test\nNorthern NSW: FB: C. Robinson, WG: J. Gurd, CE: R. Lumsden (Urunga), CE: J. Daly, WG: J. Wood, FE: A. Davidson, HB: C. Kelly, LK: G. Smith, SR: Arthur Collinson (Port Macquarie), SR: Guy Brazier (Dorrigo), PR: Lloyd Hudson ( Kempsey), HK: Allan Ferguson ( Armidale), PR: P. Purchase. New Zealand: FB: Gordon Moncur, WG: Arnold Green, CE: Reese Griffiths, CE: Tom Hadfield, WG: Cyril Eastlake, FE: Bill Sorensen, HB: Keith Roberts, LK: Rex Percy, SR: John Bond, SR: Ossie Butt, PR: Henry Maxwell, HK: John Lasher, PR: Mauriohooho Murray.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 47], "section_span": [49, 66], "content_span": [67, 603]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073975-0014-0000", "contents": "1956 New Zealand rugby league tour of Australia, Matches, 3rd Test\nAustralia: FB: Norm Pope (24) ( Brisbane Valleys), WG: Don Adams (22) ( Maitland), CE: Dick Poole (25) ( Newtown), CE: Alex Watson (23) ( Brisbane Western Suburbs), WG: Des McGovern (28) ( Toowoomba All Whites), FE: Darcy Henry (24) ( Western Suburbs), HB: Keith Holman (28) ( Western Suburbs), LK: Ian Doyle (24) ( Toowoomba All Whites), SR: Tom Tyquin (23) ( South Brisbane), SR: Kel O'Shea (22) ( Western Suburbs), PR: Roy Bull (27) ( Manly-Warringah), HK: Ken Kearney (30) ( St George), PR: Brian Davies (25) ( Brisbane Brothers).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 47], "section_span": [49, 66], "content_span": [67, 601]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073975-0014-0001", "contents": "1956 New Zealand rugby league tour of Australia, Matches, 3rd Test\nIan Moir (24) ( South Sydney) and Don Furner (23) ( Toowoomba Souths) were selected as reserves, but did not play. New Zealand: FB: Des White, WG: Vern Bakalich, CE: Tommy Baxter, CE: Bill Sorensen, WG: Cyril Eastlake, FE: George Menzies, HB: Sel Belsham, LK: Frank Mulcare, SR: Cliff Johnson, SR: Jim Riddell, PR: Duncan MacRae, HK: Jock Butterfield, PR: Henry Maxwell.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 47], "section_span": [49, 66], "content_span": [67, 437]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073975-0015-0000", "contents": "1956 New Zealand rugby league tour of Australia, Matches, 3rd Test\nSouthern Division: FB: Darcy Russell ( Wests), WG: Jack Lumsden, CE: Matt Graham ( Dapto), CE: Les Jones ( Jamberoo), WG: Don Spence, FE: Stuart Chase ( Berry), HB: Mick Brennan, LK: Mat Grenfell ( Wollongong), SR: Angus Miller ( Berry), SR: Pat Quinn ( Gerringong), PR: Bruce Noble ( Jamberoo), HK: Ted Johnson, PR: Bill Poland ( Corrimal), Coach: Leo Doyle. New Zealand: FB: Cyril Eastlake, WG: Gordon Moncur, CE: Arnold Green, CE: Tommy Baxter, WG: Reese Griffiths, FE: George Menzies, HB: Keith Roberts, LK: Rex Percy, SR: Mauriohooho Murray, SR: John Bond, PR: Ossie Butt, HK: John Lasher, PR: Henry Maxwell.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 47], "section_span": [49, 66], "content_span": [67, 680]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073975-0016-0000", "contents": "1956 New Zealand rugby league tour of Australia, Matches, 3rd Test\nSouthern NSW: FB: J. O'Connell, WG: D. Goldspink, CE: W. Garvin, CE: Brian Clay ( Griffith), WG: Barry Stenhouse, FE: P. Byrne, HB: Doug Cameron ( Young), LK: Peter O'Connor ( Tumbarumba), SR: P. Rankin, SR: Alan Glover, PR: T. McDonald, HK: J. Castles, PR: Ron Crowe, RB: Burns. New Zealand: FB: Des White, WG: Tom Hadfield, CE: Tommy Baxter, CE: Bill Sorensen, WG: Reese Griffiths, FE: George Menzies, HB: Sel Belsham, LK: Rex Percy, SR: Cliff Johnson, SR: Jim Riddell, PR: Duncan MacRae, HK: Jock Butterfield, PR: Mauriohooho Murray, RB: Arnold Green.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 47], "section_span": [49, 66], "content_span": [67, 621]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073976-0000-0000", "contents": "1956 Newfoundland general election\nThe 1956 Newfoundland general election was held on 2 October 1956 to elect members of the 31st General Assembly of Newfoundland. It was won by the Liberal party.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [34, 34], "content_span": [35, 196]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073976-0001-0000", "contents": "1956 Newfoundland general election, Results\n*CCF votes are among the 1,964 ballots categorized as \"other\". This was the CCF's first election, Sam Drover had been a cabinet minister in the Liberal government until he quit and decided to found the CCF in the province. The party ran 10 candidates in the 1956 election, the first time it had contested a provincial election in Newfoundland.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [36, 43], "content_span": [44, 387]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073977-0000-0000", "contents": "1956 Newport by-election\nThe Newport by-election, 1956 was a parliamentary by-election held on 6 July 1956 for the British House of Commons constituency of Newport in Monmouthshire.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [24, 24], "content_span": [25, 181]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073977-0001-0000", "contents": "1956 Newport by-election\nThe seat had become vacant when the constituency's Labour Member of Parliament (MP), Peter Freeman had died on 19 May 1956, aged 67. He had held the seat since the 1945 general election, having previously been MP for Brecon and Radnorshire from 1929 to 1931.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [24, 24], "content_span": [25, 283]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073977-0002-0000", "contents": "1956 Newport by-election, Candidates\nThe Labour candidate was Sir Frank Soskice, who had been Solicitor General and then Attorney General in the Labour Government 1945-1951. His Sheffield Neepsend constituency had been abolished for the 1955 general election.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 36], "content_span": [37, 259]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073977-0003-0000", "contents": "1956 Newport by-election, Candidates\nThe Conservative Party selected as its candidate Donald Box, a stockbroker from Cardiff who had contested the seat at the 1955 general election. The Liberal Party did not field a candidate, and third candidate was Emrys Roberts of Plaid Cymru.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 36], "content_span": [37, 280]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073977-0004-0000", "contents": "1956 Newport by-election, Results\nSoskice held the seat with a majority higher than that achieved by Freeman the previous year. He held the seat until he retired from the House of Commons at the 1966 general election, having been Home Secretary from 1964 to 1965.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 33], "content_span": [34, 263]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073977-0005-0000", "contents": "1956 Newport by-election, Results\nBox was elected at the 1959 general election in Cardiff North, and held that seat until 1966.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 33], "content_span": [34, 127]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073978-0000-0000", "contents": "1956 Nicaragua earthquake\nThe 1956 Nicaragua earthquake occurred on October 24 at 14:42 UTC. The epicenter was located west of Masachapa, Managua Department, Nicaragua. It was an earthquake of magnitude Ms 7.3, or Mw 7.2. Building damage was reported in Managua. A study of W. Montero P. shows that this earthquake might be related to the earthquake of Nicoya Peninsula on October 5, 1950. A tsunami was triggered by the earthquake.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [25, 25], "content_span": [26, 432]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073979-0000-0000", "contents": "1956 Night Series Cup\nThe 1956 VFL Night Premiership Cup was the Victorian Football League end of season cup competition played between the eight teams that didn't make the finals of that season. It was held between August 23 to September 17 with games being played at the Lake Oval, home ground of South Melbourne as it was the only ground equipped to host night games.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [21, 21], "content_span": [22, 370]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073979-0001-0000", "contents": "1956 Night Series Cup\nEight teams played in the first competition with the final seeing an attendance of 32,450 as South Melbourne defeated Carlton in the final by 6 points (13.16.94 to 13.10.88).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [21, 21], "content_span": [22, 196]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073979-0002-0000", "contents": "1956 Night Series Cup, Games, Quarter Finals\nThe opening match of the 1956 edition saw South Melbourne record the first victory of the new competition by 20 points over St Kilda. But the match was remembered for the brawl that happened in the third quarter which featured all of the players, umpires and some spectators in scenes not since the 1945 VFL Grand Final between Carlton and South Melbourne. The following match which was played five days later saw a surprised victory by North Melbourne who defeated Essendon by two points with North Melbourne leading at every change to get the win. Richmond and Carlton also recorded narrow wins over Hawthorn and Fitzroy in the remaining two quarter-finals which was played on 30 August and the 4 September.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [23, 44], "content_span": [45, 754]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073979-0003-0000", "contents": "1956 Night Series Cup, Games, Semi Finals\nThe semi-finals began on the 6 September with South Melbourne taking on North Melbourne. In another tight tustle between the teams, it wasn't until late on in the final quarter with the usage of the wind that South Melbourne would take the win with a goal from Monks sealing the five point victory. In the second semi-final, an attendance of 25,500 saw Carlton win the match by 12 points in what The Age called fast, rugged and exciting football with Carlton leading at each break to record the victory.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [23, 41], "content_span": [42, 545]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073979-0004-0000", "contents": "1956 Night Series Cup, Games, Final\nThe final of the 1956 edition was played on the 17 September between South Melbourne and Carlton. With an attendance of 32,450 watching the match, South Melbourne win was credited in the second quarter when they outscored Carlton 4.2 to 0.3 to open up a thirty-one point lead. Carlton tried to come back into the match throughout the final quarter and had a chance to take the lead but a dropped pass from Hands would give South Melbourne the win by six points and become the first winners of the Night Series Cup.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [23, 35], "content_span": [36, 550]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073980-0000-0000", "contents": "1956 Nippon Professional Baseball season\nThe 1956 Nippon Professional Baseball season was the seventh season of operation of Nippon Professional Baseball (NPB).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [40, 40], "content_span": [41, 160]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073981-0000-0000", "contents": "1956 North Carolina Tar Heels football team\nThe 1956 North Carolina Tar Heels football team represented the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill during the 1956 NCAA University Division football season. The Tar Heels were led by head coach Jim Tatum, who was coaching his second season for the Tar Heels, but his first since 1942. They played their home games at Kenan Memorial Stadium. The team competed as a member of the Atlantic Coast Conference, finishing in fifth.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 43], "section_span": [43, 43], "content_span": [44, 477]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073981-0001-0000", "contents": "1956 North Carolina Tar Heels football team\nNorth Carolina was forced to forfeit its two wins and one tie from the 1956 season after it was discovered that an ineligible player had played in the first nine games of the season. Second-string end Vince Olenik had previously played football at Temple University, but was not registered with the NCAA or ACC as a transfer student. However, the ACC and NCAA now recognize North Carolina's 1956 record as 2\u20137\u20131.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 43], "section_span": [43, 43], "content_span": [44, 456]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073982-0000-0000", "contents": "1956 North Carolina gubernatorial election\nThe 1956 North Carolina gubernatorial election was held on November 6, 1956. Incumbent Democrat Luther H. Hodges defeated Republican nominee Kyle Hayes with 66.95% of the vote.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 42], "section_span": [42, 42], "content_span": [43, 219]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073982-0001-0000", "contents": "1956 North Carolina gubernatorial election\nThis election was unusual for North Carolina at the time, in that a sitting Governor ran for another term. The Constitution of North Carolina at the time had a one-term limit for governors, but Hodges, as lieutenant governor, had succeeded William B. Umstead after the latter died in office, and was running for a full four-year term on his own. In 1977, the state's voters approved an amendment to the state constitution permitting the governor to serve two consecutive four-year terms.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 42], "section_span": [42, 42], "content_span": [43, 530]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073983-0000-0000", "contents": "1956 North Carolina lieutenant gubernatorial election\nThe 1956 North Carolina lieutenant gubernatorial election was held on November 8, 1956. Democratic nominee Luther E. Barnhardt defeated Republican nominee Joseph A. Dunn with 66.71% of the vote.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 53], "section_span": [53, 53], "content_span": [54, 248]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073984-0000-0000", "contents": "1956 North Dakota Fighting Sioux football team\nThe 1956 North Dakota Fighting Sioux football team, also known as the Nodaks, was an American football team that represented the University of North Dakota in the North Central Conference (NCC) during the 1956 NCAA College Division football season. In its seventh year under head coach Frank Zazula, the team compiled a 2\u20136 record (2\u20134 against NCC opponents), finished in sixth place out of seven teams in the NCC, and outscored opponents by a total of 158 to 110. The team played its home games at Memorial Stadium in Grand Forks, North Dakota.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 46], "section_span": [46, 46], "content_span": [47, 592]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073985-0000-0000", "contents": "1956 North Dakota State Bison football team\nThe 1956 North Dakota State Bison football team was an American football team that represented North Dakota State University during the 1956 NCAA College Division football season as a member of the North Central Conference. In their only year under head coach Les Luymes, the team compiled a 5\u20134 record.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 43], "section_span": [43, 43], "content_span": [44, 347]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073986-0000-0000", "contents": "1956 North Dakota gubernatorial election\nThe 1956 North Dakota gubernatorial election was held on November 6, 1956. Republican nominee John E. Davis defeated Democratic nominee Wallace E. Warner with 58.46% of the vote.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [40, 40], "content_span": [41, 219]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073987-0000-0000", "contents": "1956 North Korean local elections\nTwo local elections were held in North Korea in 1956. Town, neighborhood, village, and workers' district people's assembly elections were held on November 20, with 54,279 deputies elected. Provincial, city, county, and district people's assembly elections were held on November 27, with 1,009 provincial people's assembly deputies and 9,364 city and county people's assembly deputies elected.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [33, 33], "content_span": [34, 426]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073987-0001-0000", "contents": "1956 North Korean local elections\nVoter turnout was reported as 100%, with candidates receiving a 100% approval rate.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [33, 33], "content_span": [34, 117]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073988-0000-0000", "contents": "1956 Northeast Louisiana State Indians football team\nThe 1956 Northeast Louisiana State Indians football team was an American football team that represented Northeast Louisiana State College (now known as the University of Louisiana at Monroe) in the Gulf States Conference during the 1956 NCAA College Division football season. In their third year under head coach Devone Payne, the team compiled a 7\u20133 record.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 52], "section_span": [52, 52], "content_span": [53, 411]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073989-0000-0000", "contents": "1956 Northern Illinois State Huskies football team\nThe 1956 Northern Illinois State Huskies football team represented Northern Illinois State College in the 1956 NCAA College Division football season. This was the first year that the NCAA divided schools into \"University\" and \"College\" divisions, with the Huskies assigned to the College Division and competing in the Interstate Intercollegiate Athletic Conference. They were led by first-year head coach Howard Fletcher and played their home games at the 5,500-seat Glidden Field, located on the east end of campus.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 50], "section_span": [50, 50], "content_span": [51, 567]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073990-0000-0000", "contents": "1956 Northwestern Wildcats football team\nThe 1956 Northwestern Wildcats team was an American football team that represented Northwestern University during the 1956 Big Ten Conference football season. In their first year under head coach Ara Parseghian, the Wildcats compiled a 4\u20134\u20131 record (3\u20131\u20131 against Big Ten Conference opponents), finished in sixth place in the Big Ten, and were outscored by their opponents by a combined total of 112 to 107.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [40, 40], "content_span": [41, 448]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073990-0001-0000", "contents": "1956 Northwestern Wildcats football team, Preseason\nOn December 9, 1955, Purdue head coach Stu Holcomb resigned his position and signed a five-year contract as the athletic director at Northwestern. Three days later, Holcomb fired Northwestern head coach Lou Saban and his entire staff of assistant coaches. On December 16, Holcomb announced that he had signed Miami (OH) head coach Ara Parseghian to a three-year contract as the Wildcats' new head coach. Parseghian had led the 1955 Miami Redskins football team to a perfect 9\u20130 record.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [42, 51], "content_span": [52, 537]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073990-0002-0000", "contents": "1956 Northwestern Wildcats football team, Game summaries\nOn September 29, 1956, Northwestern defeated Iowa State, 14\u201313, before a crowd of 38,000 at Dyche Stadium in Evanston, Illinois. With six seconds remaining in the game and Iowa State driving deep into Northwestern territory, Chuck Latting fumbled at the seven-yard line.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [42, 56], "content_span": [57, 327]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073990-0003-0000", "contents": "1956 Northwestern Wildcats football team, Game summaries\nOn October 6, Northwestern lost to Tulane, 20\u201313, before a crowd of 32,000 at Dyche Stadium in Evanston. Tulane scored all 20 of its points in a wild second quarter. Northwestern's Bob McKelver rushed for 116 net yards on 12 carries.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [42, 56], "content_span": [57, 290]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073990-0004-0000", "contents": "1956 Northwestern Wildcats football team, Game summaries\nOn October 13, Northwestern and Minnesota (ranked No. 17 in the AP Poll) played to a scoreless tie in front of a crowd of 62,006 at Memorial Stadium in Minneapolis. Minnesota had been a 14-point favorite and moved the ball well, out-gaining Northwestern 271 yards to 142. However, the Gophers were unable to score, turning the ball over on fumbles three times, including one at Northwestern's goal line. Heavy rain slowed the teams in the second half.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [42, 56], "content_span": [57, 508]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073990-0005-0000", "contents": "1956 Northwestern Wildcats football team, Game summaries\nOn October 20, Michigan (ranked No. 8 in the AP Poll) defeated Northwestern, 34\u201320, before a Band Day crowd of 81,227 at Michigan Stadium in Ann Arbor. Fullback John Herrnstein scored three touchdowns for Michigan.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [42, 56], "content_span": [57, 271]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073990-0006-0000", "contents": "1956 Northwestern Wildcats football team, Game summaries\nOn October 27, Indiana defeated Northwestern, 19\u201313, before a homecoming crowd of 23,000 at Memorial Stadium in Bloomington. The game was tied, 13\u201313, at halftime. Indiana intercepted a Northwestern pass with four minutes remaining to set up the winning touchdown.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [42, 56], "content_span": [57, 321]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073990-0007-0000", "contents": "1956 Northwestern Wildcats football team, Game summaries\nOn November 3, Ohio State (ranked No. 6 in the AP Poll) defeated Northwestern, 6\u20132, before a homecoming crowd of 42,000 at Dyche Stadium in Evanston. Northwestern guard Al Viola blocked a punt in the first quarter that rolled out of the end zone for a safety. With 16 seconds left in the first half, Ellwood threw a seven-yard touchdown pass to Leo Brown.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [42, 56], "content_span": [57, 412]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073990-0008-0000", "contents": "1956 Northwestern Wildcats football team, Game summaries\nOn November 10, Northwestern defeated Wisconsin, 17\u20137, before a homecoming crowd of 54,645 spectators at Camp Randall Stadium in Madison. The attendance was the highest in the history of Camp Randall Stadium to that point. Northwestern's first touchdown of the game was scored by center Ted Ringer when he recovered a loose ball in the end zone following a fumble by teammate Wilmer Fowler. The outcome was Northwestern's first conference victory under Ara Parseghian.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [42, 56], "content_span": [57, 525]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073990-0009-0000", "contents": "1956 Northwestern Wildcats football team, Game summaries\nOn November 17, Northwestern defeated Purdue, 14\u20130, before a crowd of 32,000 at Dyche Stadium in Evanston. Northwestern recovered five of seven Purdue fumbles and intercepted three passes. Four of the fumbles were recovered by Al Viola. After the game, Edward Prell wrote in the Chicago Tribune that Northwestern had in 1956 been \"brought back to life by its new 33 year old coach, Ara Parseghian.\"", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [42, 56], "content_span": [57, 455]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073990-0010-0000", "contents": "1956 Northwestern Wildcats football team, Game summaries\nOn November 24, in the annual Illinois\u2013Northwestern football rivalry game, Northwestern defeated Illinois, 14\u201313, before a crowd of 40,000 at Dyche Stadium in Evanston. Bob McKelver kicked two extra points for Northwestern, which proved to be the difference in a game in which each team scored two touchdowns.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [42, 56], "content_span": [57, 366]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073990-0011-0000", "contents": "1956 Northwestern Wildcats football team, Awards\nTwo Northwestern players were picked by the Associated Press (AP) and/or the United Press (UP) as first-team players on the 1956 All-Big Ten Conference football team. They were:", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [42, 48], "content_span": [49, 226]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073991-0000-0000", "contents": "1956 Norwegian Football Cup\nThe 1956 Norwegian Football Cup was the 51st season of the Norwegian annual knockout football tournament. The tournament was open for all members of NFF, except those from Northern Norway. The final was played at Ullevaal Stadion in Oslo on 21 October 1956, and was contested the defending champions Skeid, and Larvik Turn who contested their first final. Skeid successfully defended their title with a 5\u20130 victory in the final.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [27, 27], "content_span": [28, 456]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073992-0000-0000", "contents": "1956 Notre Dame Fighting Irish football team\nThe 1956 Notre Dame Fighting Irish football team represented the University of Notre Dame during the 1956 NCAA University Division football season. Paul Hornung carried the ball 94 times his senior year for 420 yards for an average of 4.5 yards per try. He completed 59 of 111 passes for a total offensive figure of 1,337 yards. He is the only Heisman winner to have played on a losing team as the Irish were 2\u20138 in 1956.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [44, 44], "content_span": [45, 466]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073992-0001-0000", "contents": "1956 Notre Dame Fighting Irish football team, Team players drafted into the NFL\nThe following players were drafted into professional football following the season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [46, 79], "content_span": [80, 163]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073993-0000-0000", "contents": "1956 Nova Scotia general election\nThe 1956 Nova Scotia general election was held on 30 October 1956 to elect members of the 46th House of Assembly of the Province of Nova Scotia, Canada. It was won by the Progressive Conservatives led by Robert Stanfield.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [33, 33], "content_span": [34, 255]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073993-0001-0000", "contents": "1956 Nova Scotia general election\nThis was the first election the Liberals had fought after the death of their longtime charismatic leader, Angus L. Macdonald. Public Health Minister Harold Connolly became interim leader and premier following Macdonald's death in 1954, but was defeated at a leadership convention by Education Minister Henry Hicks. The convention exposed a sharp religious divide in the Liberal Party; Hicks was a Protestant and Connolly was a Catholic. Hicks was unable to heal the breach, and the Liberals were narrowly defeated, ending 23 years of Liberal rule.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [33, 33], "content_span": [34, 581]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073994-0000-0000", "contents": "1956 Nyasaland general election\nGeneral elections were held for the first time in Nyasaland on 15 March 1956.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [31, 31], "content_span": [32, 109]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073994-0001-0000", "contents": "1956 Nyasaland general election, Background\nAlthough the Legislative Council was created in 1907, its membership had previously been limited to government officials and members appointed by the Governor. The first public elections held in Nyasaland were for the Legislative Assembly of the Federation of Rhodesia and Nyasaland in 1953, although only 1,058 residents were eligible to vote.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 43], "content_span": [44, 388]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073994-0002-0000", "contents": "1956 Nyasaland general election, Electoral system\nConstitutional reforms in 1955 introduced two forms of elected members to the Legislative Council. The Nyasaland Ordinance was passed on 6 September 1955 by the Council, setting out the electoral system. The new Council consisted of eleven officials, five indirectly-elected seats for Africans and six elected seats for non-Africans. A proposal to have a reserved seat for the Asian population was rejected under pressure from the federal government.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 49], "content_span": [50, 500]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073994-0003-0000", "contents": "1956 Nyasaland general election, Electoral system\nThe five African members were elected by the three African Provincial Councils; the Central and Southern Province Councils elected two members each, whilst the Northern Province Council elected one.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 49], "content_span": [50, 248]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073994-0004-0000", "contents": "1956 Nyasaland general election, Electoral system\nAs with the 1953 federal elections, the non-African franchise was limited to British subject who were at least 21 years old, earned at least \u00a3200 a year or occupied property worth \u00a3250, and who had an \"adequate\" knowledge of English, being able to complete their registration form without assistance. The requirement to be a British subject disqualified the vast majority of the Asian and Coloured population; although at the time of the elections the European population was 6,732 and the Asian population was 8,504, only 338 Asians were able to register to vote, compared with 1,866 Europeans. Just six Coloureds also registered, giving a total of 2,210 registered voters. The six non-African members were elected from six single-member constituencies:", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 49], "content_span": [50, 804]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073994-0005-0000", "contents": "1956 Nyasaland general election, Campaign, African seats\nAll of the African seats were contested. In Central Province seven candidates ran, including Aleke Banda, a former Secretary-General of the Nyasaland African Congress (NAC), James Ralph Nthinda Chinyama, a former President-General of the NAC and Herbert Gondwe, who had been a Member of the Legislative Council (MLC) since 1953. The Northern Province seat was contested by four candidates, including Kaunda, the Vice President General of the NAC, and Alexander Muwamba, who had been an MLC since 1948 . The Southern Province seats were contested by six candidates, including Stevenson Kumakanga, an MLC since 1954 and Charles Matinga, leader of the Nyasaland Progressive Association. Aside from Matinga and Chief Lundu (who ran in the Southern Province), all African candidates were from the NAC.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 56], "content_span": [57, 853]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073994-0006-0000", "contents": "1956 Nyasaland general election, Campaign, Non-African seats\nOnly four of the six non-African seats were contested, with two Asians amongst the 13 candidates. Cholo\u2013Mlanje was left uncontested after the two potential rivals to F G Collins were scared off by his energetic campaigning, whilst A C W Dixon was unopposed in Limbe\u2013Blantyre after receiving the backing of Sattar Sacranie, the Indian MLC.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 60], "content_span": [61, 399]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073994-0007-0000", "contents": "1956 Nyasaland general election, Campaign, Non-African seats\nAlthough Sacranie had also agreed to support M H Howard in the Blantyre West constituency, delays in confirming Howard's candidature led to Indian demands to have a candidate of their own. Following a public meeting, N M Survana was nominated to stand. At the same time, another Indian candidate V A Sarani announced he would contest the Shire Highlands seat. However, when Howard's candidature was confirmed, the Asian Convention asked Sarani to contest South Nyasa instead, so that Survana could run in Shire Highlands. Although he initially agreed, Sarani later opted to stand in Blantyre West against Howard.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 60], "content_span": [61, 673]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073994-0008-0000", "contents": "1956 Nyasaland general election, Campaign, Non-African seats\nThree candidates ran under the Nyasaland Association banner; L F Hunt in North Nyasa (an incumbent MLC), L A Little in Shire Highlands and Michael Hill Blackwood (another MLC) in Blantyre West. The Association campaigned on a platform to \"protect and foster the interests of Europeans in Nyasaland and to further the economic development of the territory\". It also called for the constitution to remain unchanged for a year after the Federation of Rhodesia and Nyasaland was finalised, as well as seeking further land for European settlement.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 60], "content_span": [61, 603]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073994-0009-0000", "contents": "1956 Nyasaland general election, Campaign, Non-African seats\nIn North Nyasa Hunt ran against V G Milward, chairman of Lilongwe Town Council. South Nyasa was contested by W G Widdas, a former (1949\u201352) MLC and the only woman to run in the election.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 60], "content_span": [61, 247]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073994-0010-0000", "contents": "1956 Nyasaland general election, Results, African seats\nIn the African seats, all five elected candidates were supporters of the NAC. Dunstan Chijozi was elected in Central Province by lot after receiving the same number of votes as Richard Katengeza. The three members of the previous sitting of the Legislative Council received just six of the 119 votes cast between them, and were not re-elected.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 55], "content_span": [56, 399]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073994-0011-0000", "contents": "1956 Nyasaland general election, Aftermath\nThe first sitting of the newly elected Legislative Council was on 14 May.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 42], "content_span": [43, 116]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073995-0000-0000", "contents": "1956 Ohio Bobcats football team\nThe 1956 Ohio Bobcats football team was an American football team that represented Ohio University in the Mid-American Conference (MAC) during the 1956 NCAA University Division football season. In their eighth season under head coach Carroll Widdoes, the Bobcats compiled a 2\u20137 record (2\u20134 against MAC opponents), finished in a tie for fourth place in the MAC, and were outscored by all opponents by a combined total of 211 to 36.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [31, 31], "content_span": [32, 462]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073996-0000-0000", "contents": "1956 Ohio State Buckeyes football team\nThe 1956 Ohio State Buckeyes football team was an American football team that represented the Ohio State University in the 1956 Big Ten Conference football season. In their sixth season under head coach Woody Hayes, the Buckeyes compiled a 6\u20133 record.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [38, 38], "content_span": [39, 290]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073996-0001-0000", "contents": "1956 Ohio State Buckeyes football team\nThe team's statistical leaders included Don Clark with 88 passing yards, Clark with 797 rushing yards, Clark with 885 yards of total offense (second best in the Big Ten), and Leo Brown with 151 receiving yards.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [38, 38], "content_span": [39, 249]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073996-0002-0000", "contents": "1956 Ohio State Buckeyes football team, Preseason\nIn the final AP Poll of the 1955 season, Ohio State was ranked No. 5. In the 1956 pre-season AP Poll, Ohio State remained ranked No. 5.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 49], "content_span": [50, 185]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073996-0003-0000", "contents": "1956 Ohio State Buckeyes football team, Preseason\nIn the spring of 1956, the Big Ten conducted an investigation into allegations that Ohio State coach Woody Hayes had provided financial assistance to players in violation of conference rule. Hayes admitted that he had loaned money to players but refused to provide an accounting of the loans. The investigation also discovered a \"serious irregularity\" in Ohio State's off-campus work program. In April 1956, the conference placed Ohio State on probation for one year and declared the football team ineligible to play in the 1957 Rose Bowl.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 49], "content_span": [50, 589]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073996-0004-0000", "contents": "1956 Ohio State Buckeyes football team, Game summaries\nOn September 29, 1956, Ohio State (ranked No. 8 in the AP Poll) defeated Nebraska, 34\u20137, before a crowd of 82,153 at Ohio Stadium in Columbus, Ohio. The crowd was the largest for an opening game in Ohio State history to that point. The Buckeyes rushed for 416 yards in the game. Ohio halfback Don Clark scored two touchdowns on runs of 35 and 38 yards.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 54], "content_span": [55, 407]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073996-0005-0000", "contents": "1956 Ohio State Buckeyes football team, Game summaries\nOn October 6, Ohio State (ranked No. 4 in the AP Poll) defeated Stanford, 32\u201320. The crowd of 82,881 was the largest to that point to see a game at Ohio Stadium. Stanford quarterback John Brodie completed 21 of 35 passes for 256 yards and two touchdowns. Ohio State gained 302 of its 320 yards on the ground. In the fourth quarter, Don Clark ran for a touchdown and threw an 18-yard touchdown pass to Jim Roseboro to break a 20\u201320 tie.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 54], "content_span": [55, 490]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073996-0006-0000", "contents": "1956 Ohio State Buckeyes football team, Game summaries\nOn October 13, Ohio State (ranked No. 5 at the AP Poll) defeated Illinois, 26\u20136, before a crowd of 58,247 at Memorial Stadium in Champaign. Ohio State rushed for 307 yards, aided by the blocking of guard Jim Parker who was selected as the team's most valuable player for the 1956 season. Parker also played on defense and recovered a fumble at the Illinois 10-yard line to set up a touchdown. Quarterback Frank Ellwood rushed for two touchdowns and threw a touchdown pass to Jim Roseboro.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 54], "content_span": [55, 543]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073996-0007-0000", "contents": "1956 Ohio State Buckeyes football team, Game summaries\nOn October 20, Ohio State (ranked No. 5 in the AP Poll) lost to Penn State, 7\u20136, before a crowd of 82,584 at Ohio Stadium in Columbus. Neither team scored through the first three quarters. Penn State's Bruce Gilmore scored on a short run in the fourth quarter, and Milt Plum kicked the extra point. Later in the quarter, Don Clark scored for Ohio State on a short touchdown run, but Frank Kremblas' kick for extra point went wide of the goalpost.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 54], "content_span": [55, 501]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073996-0008-0000", "contents": "1956 Ohio State Buckeyes football team, Game summaries\nOn October 27, Ohio State defeated Wisconsin, 21\u20130, before a crowd of 82,661 at Ohio Stadium in Columbus. The victory was Ohio State's 16th in a row against a Big Ten opponent, tying a conference opponent.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 54], "content_span": [55, 260]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073996-0009-0000", "contents": "1956 Ohio State Buckeyes football team, Game summaries\nOn November 3, Ohio State (ranked No. 6 in the AP Poll) defeated Northwestern, 6\u20132, before a homecoming crowd of 42,000 at Dyche Stadium in Evanston. Northwestern guard Al Viola blocked a punt in the first quarter that rolled out of the end zone for a safety. With 16 seconds left in the first half, Ellwood threw a seven-yard touchdown pass to Leo Brown.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 54], "content_span": [55, 410]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073996-0010-0000", "contents": "1956 Ohio State Buckeyes football team, Game summaries\nOn November 10, Ohio State (ranked No. 7 in the AP Poll) defeated Indiana, 35\u201314, before a crowd of 82,073 at Ohio Stadium in Columbus. The victory was Ohio State's 17th in a row against conference opponents, setting a new conference record. The Buckeyes also broke the Big Ten single-game record with 465 rushing yards against the Hoosiers.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 54], "content_span": [55, 396]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073996-0011-0000", "contents": "1956 Ohio State Buckeyes football team, Game summaries\nOn November 17, Iowa (ranked No. 7 in the AP Poll) defeated Ohio State (ranked No. 6), 6\u20130, before a crowd of 57,732 at Iowa Stadium. Ohio State went into the game with the second best rushing attack in the country but were held to 147 rushing yards, their lowest rushing yardage total in two years. The result broke Ohio State's winning streak of 17 games against conference opponents and clinched for Iowa the conference championship and a berth in the Rose Bowl. After time expired, Iowa fans hauled down the goal posts and paraded through Iowa City.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 54], "content_span": [55, 608]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073996-0012-0000", "contents": "1956 Ohio State Buckeyes football team, Game summaries\nOn November 24, in the annual Michigan\u2013Ohio State football rivalry game, Michigan (ranked No. 9 in the AP Poll) defeated Ohio State (ranked No. 12), 19\u20130, before a crowd of 82,223 at Ohio Stadium. The loss deprived Ohio State of a share of its third consecutive Big Ten title and pushed Michigan to second in the conference standing. Terry Barr, playing in his last game for Michigan, scored two touchdowns.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 54], "content_span": [55, 462]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073996-0013-0000", "contents": "1956 Ohio State Buckeyes football team, Rankings and awards\nOn December 3, 1956, both the Associated Press (AP) and United Press (UP) released their final college football polls. Both organizations ranked undefeated Oklahoma at the No. 1 spot. The AP ranked Ohio State at No. 15, while the UP did not rank Ohio State in its top 20.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 59], "content_span": [60, 331]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073996-0014-0000", "contents": "1956 Ohio State Buckeyes football team, Rankings and awards\nOnly one Ohio State player, guard Jim Parker, was picked by the Associated Press (AP) and/or the United Press (UP) as a first-team player on the 1956 All-Big Ten Conference football team. Parker received first-team honors from both the AP and UP. Parker was also a consensus first-team pick for the 1956 College Football All-America Team. He also ranked ninth in the 1956 Heisman Trophy voting. Parker was also awarded the Outland Trophy.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 59], "content_span": [60, 498]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073996-0015-0000", "contents": "1956 Ohio State Buckeyes football team, 1957 NFL Draft\nThe following Ohio State players were selected in the 1957 NFL Draft:", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 54], "content_span": [55, 124]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073997-0000-0000", "contents": "1956 Ohio gubernatorial election\nThe 1956 Ohio gubernatorial election was held on November 6, 1956. Republican nominee C. William O'Neill defeated Democratic nominee Michael DiSalle with 56.04% of the vote.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [32, 32], "content_span": [33, 206]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073998-0000-0000", "contents": "1956 Oklahoma A&M Cowboys football team\nThe 1956 Oklahoma A&M Cowboys football team represented Oklahoma A&M College in the 1956 NCAA University Division football season. This was the 56th year of football at A&M and the second under Cliff Speegle. The Cowboys played their home games at Lewis Field in Stillwater, Oklahoma. They finished the season 3\u20135\u20132, 2\u20131\u20131 in their final season in the Missouri Valley Conference.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [39, 39], "content_span": [40, 419]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073998-0001-0000", "contents": "1956 Oklahoma A&M Cowboys football team, After the season\nThe 1957 NFL Draft was held on January 31, 1957. The following Cowboy was selected.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 57], "content_span": [58, 141]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073999-0000-0000", "contents": "1956 Oklahoma Sooners football team\nThe 1956 Oklahoma Sooners football team represented the University of Oklahoma in the 1956 NCAA University Division football season. It was the 62nd season of play for the Sooners and they repeated as consensus national champions. They were led by hall of fame head coach Bud Wilkinson, in his tenth season. On the field, the Sooners were led on offense by quarterback Jim Harris, and played their home games at Oklahoma Memorial Stadium in Norman, Oklahoma.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [35, 35], "content_span": [36, 494]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073999-0001-0000", "contents": "1956 Oklahoma Sooners football team\nAfter another undefeated season, Oklahoma was first in both final polls in early December. Their winning streak was up to forty games, but they did not play in a bowl game due to the Big Seven's no-repeat rule; runner-up Colorado was invited to and won the Orange Bowl.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [35, 35], "content_span": [36, 305]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00073999-0002-0000", "contents": "1956 Oklahoma Sooners football team, Postseason, NFL draft\nThe following players were drafted into the National Football League following the season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 58], "content_span": [59, 149]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074000-0000-0000", "contents": "1956 Old Dominion 400\nThe 1956 Old Dominion 400 was a NASCAR Grand National Series event that was held on October 28, 1956, at Martinsville Speedway in Martinsville, Virginia. As a NASCAR-sanctioned \"Sweepstakes\" race, sedan vehicles from the Grand National Series and stock convertibles from the NASCAR Convertible division raced side-by-side with other for the same amount of money and championship points.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [21, 21], "content_span": [22, 408]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074000-0001-0000", "contents": "1956 Old Dominion 400, Background\nMartinsville Speedway is one of five short tracks to hold NASCAR races. The standard track at Martinsville Speedway is a four-turn short track oval that is 0.526 miles (0.847\u00a0km) long. The track's turns are banked at eleven degrees, while the front stretch, the location of the finish line, is banked at zero degrees. The back stretch also has a zero degree banking.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [23, 33], "content_span": [34, 400]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074000-0002-0000", "contents": "1956 Old Dominion 400, Race report\nFour hundred laps were completed on a paved oval track spanning 0.500 miles (0.805\u00a0km) for a grand total of 200.0 miles (321.9\u00a0km). The race took three hours, sixteen minutes, and seventeen seconds to complete with four caution flags. Forty vehicles would qualify to start this race; a large amount for the NASCAR Cup Series in its formative years.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [23, 34], "content_span": [35, 383]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074000-0003-0000", "contents": "1956 Old Dominion 400, Race report\nNine thousand and five hundred fans attended to see Jack Smith win the race in his 1956 Dodge vehicle (beating thirty-nine other drivers in the process). A Canadian named Norman Schihl participated in the race and finished 23rd; making his only Grand National appearance. Notable speeds were: 61.136 miles per hour (98.389\u00a0km/h) for the average speed and 67.643 miles per hour (108.861\u00a0km/h) for the pole position speed. Bun Emery makes his only Cup start and comes home with a top-20 finish although he 36 laps down at the checkered flag.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [23, 34], "content_span": [35, 574]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074000-0004-0000", "contents": "1956 Old Dominion 400, Race report\nWhile some multi-car teams were present in the race, the majority of drivers had an owner that wasn't incorporated into a team. Jack Smith officially became the fiftieth different driver to win what is now known as a Cup Series race. Total winnings for this race were $11,739 ($110,393 when considering inflation). The winner (Jack Smith) would receive $2,264 ($21,290 when considering inflation) being awarded to him while last place finisher Jimmie Lewallen would walk away with $100 ($940 when considering inflation).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [23, 34], "content_span": [35, 555]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074000-0005-0000", "contents": "1956 Old Dominion 400, Race report\nLarry Frank, Bill Lutz, Larry Odo, and Bill Poor would make their NASCAR debut in this race. Carl Kiekhaefer was one of the notable crew chiefs for this race.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [23, 34], "content_span": [35, 193]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074000-0006-0000", "contents": "1956 Old Dominion 400, Race report, Finishing order\n* Driver failed to finish race\u2020 signifies that the driver is known to be deceased", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [23, 51], "content_span": [52, 133]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074001-0000-0000", "contents": "1956 Ole Miss Rebels baseball team\nThe 1956 Ole Miss Rebels baseball team represented the University of Mississippi in the 1956 NCAA baseball season. The Rebels played their home games at Swayze Field. The team was coached by Tom Swayze in his 6th year as head coach at Ole Miss.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [34, 34], "content_span": [35, 279]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074001-0001-0000", "contents": "1956 Ole Miss Rebels baseball team\nThe Rebels won the District III to advance to the College World Series, where they were defeated by the Arizona Wildcats.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [34, 34], "content_span": [35, 156]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074002-0000-0000", "contents": "1956 Ole Miss Rebels football team\nThe 1956 Ole Miss Rebels football team represented the University of Mississippi during the 1956 NCAA University Division football season. The Rebels were led by 10th-year head coach Johnny Vaught and played their home games at Hemingway Stadium in Oxford, Mississippi (and alternate site home games in Jackson, Mississippi and Memphis, Tennessee). They competed as members of the Southeastern Conference, finishing in fourth with a record of 7\u20133 (4\u20132 SEC). They were not invited to a bowl game.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [34, 34], "content_span": [35, 530]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074003-0000-0000", "contents": "1956 Olympic flame hoax\nThe 1956 Olympic flame hoax was a hoax during the 1956 Summer Olympics, in which Barry Larkin, a veterinary student from Melbourne, ran with a homemade torch and fooled spectators, including a police escort and the Lord Mayor of Sydney, into thinking he was the torchbearer of the Olympic flame.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [23, 23], "content_span": [24, 319]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074003-0001-0000", "contents": "1956 Olympic flame hoax, Background\nIn the 1956 Summer Olympics the Olympic torch was scheduled to enter Sydney, carried by Harry Dillon. Dillon would present the torch to the Lord Mayor of Sydney, Pat Hills, at Sydney Town Hall. Hills would then make a speech and pass the torch to Bert Button.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 35], "content_span": [36, 295]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074003-0002-0000", "contents": "1956 Olympic flame hoax, Background\nLarkin and eight other students at St John's College, University of Sydney planned to protest against the Olympic flame torch relay. One reason for the protest was that the torch relay was invented by the Nazis for the 1936 Summer Olympics in Berlin, Germany.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 35], "content_span": [36, 295]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074003-0003-0000", "contents": "1956 Olympic flame hoax, Hoax, Preparation\nThe students were aided in planning the hoax because Larkin was acquainted with Marc Marsden, the organiser of the real relay. Their plan was for one student, dressed in white shorts and a white top, to carry a fake torch. The fake torch was made of a wooden chair leg painted silver, on top of which was a plum pudding can. A pair of underpants, worn by one of the students in National Service, was put inside the can, soaked in kerosene. The underpants were set on fire. Another student dressed as a motorcycle outrider by wearing a reserve airforce uniform.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 42], "content_span": [43, 603]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074003-0004-0000", "contents": "1956 Olympic flame hoax, Hoax, Execution\nBefore Dillon arrived, the two students went out carrying the fake torch. At the beginning, people noticed they were joking and spectating police laughed at them. Then the underpants fell out of the torch because the fake runner was swinging his arms too hard. The runner panicked and fled. Peter Gralton, one of the nine students, went to get the pants and told Larkin to pick up the torch. With Larkin holding the torch, Gralton kicked Larkin's backside and told him to run.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 40], "content_span": [41, 517]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074003-0005-0000", "contents": "1956 Olympic flame hoax, Hoax, Execution\nLarkin did so, running the rest of the way to Sydney Town Hall. He ran the rest of the route, protected by police who thought he was Dillon. Larkin then presented the torch to Hills. As Hills was unprepared for the early arrival, he was taken by surprise and did not look at the torch, going straight to his speech. While Hills was talking, Larkin walked quietly away, avoiding attention. Hills did not realise the torch was a fake until someone whispered in his ear to tell him. Hills looked around for Larkin, but by now Larkin had merged into the crowd and escaped.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 40], "content_span": [41, 609]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074003-0006-0000", "contents": "1956 Olympic flame hoax, Hoax, Execution\nWhen the crowd discovered the torch was fake, they grew unruly. When Dillon arrived with the real torch, the crowd was still unsettled. Hills had to calm down the crowd and the police had to clear a path to allow Dillon to get through. When Button took the torch, an army truck had to clear his path.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 40], "content_span": [41, 341]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074003-0007-0000", "contents": "1956 Olympic flame hoax, Hoax, Aftermath\nWhen Larkin returned to university, he was congratulated by the director of the college and was given a standing ovation by fellow students when he attended an exam later that morning. Larkin went on to become a successful veterinary surgeon.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 40], "content_span": [41, 283]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074003-0008-0000", "contents": "1956 Olympic flame hoax, Hoax, Aftermath\nThe fake torch was taken to the reception of the main hall and then ended up in the possession of John Lawler, who had been travelling with the relay in a car. He kept it until it was accidentally lost when tidying his house.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 40], "content_span": [41, 266]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074003-0009-0000", "contents": "1956 Olympic flame hoax, Related events\nDuring the 2000 Summer Olympics in Sydney, the media reported the story of Larkin's hoax. As a result, police took measures to prevent any repetition of the hoax, including having security guards line the route. There were two attempts to disrupt the relay; two people attempted to steal the torch, and one man tried to put out the torch using a fire extinguisher, but none succeeded.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 39], "content_span": [40, 424]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074004-0000-0000", "contents": "1956 Omloop Het Volk\nThe 1956 Omloop Het Volk was the 12th edition of the Omloop Het Volk cycle race and was held on 11 March 1956. The race started and finished in Ghent. The race was won by Ernest Sterckx.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [20, 20], "content_span": [21, 207]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074005-0000-0000", "contents": "1956 Open Championship\nThe 1956 Open Championship was the 85th Open Championship, held 4\u20136 July at Royal Liverpool Golf Club in Hoylake, England. Two-time defending champion Peter Thomson of Australia won his third consecutive Open, three strokes ahead of runner-up Flory Van Donck of Belgium. It was the third of five Open titles for the 26-year-old Thomson.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [22, 22], "content_span": [23, 359]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074005-0001-0000", "contents": "1956 Open Championship\nQualifying took place on 2\u20133 July. Entries played 18 holes on the Championship course and 18 holes at Wallasey. With a record 360 entries it was decided that, for the first time, qualifying would be in groups of three rather than the usual two. The number of qualifiers was limited to a maximum of 100. Ties for 100th place would not qualify. The qualifying score was 152 and 96 players qualified. Gary Player and Peter Thomson led the qualifiers on 140. The maximum number of players making the cut after 36 holes was set at 50. Ties for 50th place did not make the cut. Prize money was unchanged with \u00a31,000 for the winner out of a total purse of \u00a33,750.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [22, 22], "content_span": [23, 679]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074005-0002-0000", "contents": "1956 Open Championship, Round summaries, Second round\nAmateurs: Carr (+8), Sharp (+12), Jones (+12), Tate (+14), Shepperson (+17), Thirlwell (+18), Fogarty (+21).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [24, 53], "content_span": [54, 162]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074006-0000-0000", "contents": "1956 Orange Bowl\nThe 1956 Orange Bowl was a college football bowl game between the Oklahoma Sooners and the Maryland Terrapins. It was played on January 2, because New Year's Day was a Sunday.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 16], "section_span": [16, 16], "content_span": [17, 192]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074006-0001-0000", "contents": "1956 Orange Bowl, Background\nOklahoma and Maryland were the respectives champions of the Big Seven Conference and Atlantic Coast Conference; both were undefeated and ranked in the top three. (The Rose Bowl matched up #2 Michigan State and #4 UCLA.) This was Oklahoma's ninth consecutive conference title under Wilkinson and tenth straight overall, with a 30-game winning streak. Maryland shared the ACC title with Duke, though the Terrapins reached the Orange Bowl for the first time since January 1954, which was also against Oklahoma. Tatum had coached the Sooners in 1946 before departing for Maryland. Oklahoma entered the game favored by a touchdown.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 16], "section_span": [18, 28], "content_span": [29, 655]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074006-0002-0000", "contents": "1956 Orange Bowl, Game summary\nMaryland scored on a 15-yard touchdown run by Ed Vereb and led 6\u20130 at halftime. The Sooners took over in the second half, starting with Tommy McDonald's 32-yard punt return that gave them the ball at the Terrapin 46. Seven plays later, McDonald score on a four-yard touchdown run, the highlight being the Sooner offense running 3 plays in 38 seconds. The next Sooner possession used the hurry-up offense again, leading to a Jay O'Neal touchdown sneak to make it 14\u20136. Maryland tried to narrow the lead, but Jerry Tubbs intercepted a pass at the Sooner 26.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 16], "section_span": [18, 30], "content_span": [31, 586]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074006-0002-0001", "contents": "1956 Orange Bowl, Game summary\nMaryland tried to score again in the fourth, even reaching Oklahoma's 30. However, Carl Dodd intercepted Lynn Beightol's pass and returned it 82 yards for the touchdown, sealing the victory for the Sooners; they had already sealed the national championship as both final polls were released in late November, at the end of the regular season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 16], "section_span": [18, 30], "content_span": [31, 373]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074006-0003-0000", "contents": "1956 Orange Bowl, Aftermath\nThe Terrapins did not return to the Orange Bowl for 46 years, until January 2002, also a defeat. Oklahoma again went undefeated in 1956 and repeated as consensus national champions, but did not play a bowl game. At the time, the Big Seven had a no-repeat policy for the postseason, so the Sooners did not play in bowl games after the 1954 and 1956 seasons. They returned to the Orange Bowl the following season in January 1958 and won, but their win streak had been ended at 47 by Notre Dame in mid-November with a 7\u20130 shutout in Norman.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 16], "section_span": [18, 27], "content_span": [28, 565]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074007-0000-0000", "contents": "1956 Oregon State Beavers football team\nThe 1956 Oregon State Beavers football team represented Oregon State College in the Pacific Coast Conference (PCC) during the 1956 NCAA University Division football season. In the regular season, the Beavers outscored their opponents 184 to 131 on their way to a 7\u20132\u20131 record (6\u20131\u20131 in PCC, first). They played three home games on campus at Parker Stadium in Corvallis, with one at Multnomah Stadium in Portland. The\u00a0team captains were center Dick\u00a0Corrick and quarterback Gerry\u00a0Laird.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [39, 39], "content_span": [40, 524]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074007-0001-0000", "contents": "1956 Oregon State Beavers football team\nLed by second-year head coach Tommy Prothro, Oregon State won the PCC title and were ranked tenth in the final AP\u00a0poll, released in early December. In\u00a0the Rose Bowl, they met third-ranked Iowa of the Big\u00a0Ten Conference. The teams had met in early October in Iowa\u00a0City, and the home team won by a point. In the rematch in southern California on New Year's Day, OSC lost again and finished at 7\u20133\u20131.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [39, 39], "content_span": [40, 437]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074008-0000-0000", "contents": "1956 Oregon Webfoots football team\nThe 1956 Oregon Webfoots football team represented the University of Oregon in the Pacific Coast Conference (PCC) during the 1956 NCAA University Division football season. In their sixth season under head coach Len Casanova, the Webfoots compiled a 4\u20134\u20132 record (3\u20133\u20132 against PCC opponents), finished in fifth place in the PCC, and outscored their opponents, 133 to 102. The team played its home games at Hayward Field in Eugene, Oregon.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [34, 34], "content_span": [35, 473]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074008-0001-0000", "contents": "1956 Oregon Webfoots football team\nThe team's statistical leaders included Tom Crabtree with 366 passing yards, Jack Morris with 519 rushing yards, and Jim Shanley with 173 receiving yards.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [34, 34], "content_span": [35, 189]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074009-0000-0000", "contents": "1956 Oregon gubernatorial special election\nThe 1956 Oregon gubernatorial special election took place on November 6, 1956. Democratic state senator Robert D. Holmes narrowly defeated Republican incumbent Elmo Smith to win the election.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 42], "section_span": [42, 42], "content_span": [43, 234]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074009-0001-0000", "contents": "1956 Oregon gubernatorial special election, Background\nOn January 31, 1956, Governor Paul L. Patterson, who was elected in the 1954 gubernatorial election, died in office of a coronary occlusion. Patterson's death elevated Oregon State Senate President Elmo Smith to governor and a special election for November was called to fill the position for the final two years of Patterson's term. The succession law was changed in 1972 so that the Oregon Secretary of State is first in line to succeed the governor.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 42], "section_span": [44, 54], "content_span": [55, 507]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074010-0000-0000", "contents": "1956 Orsz\u00e1gos Bajnoks\u00e1g I (men's water polo)\n1956 Orsz\u00e1gos Bajnoks\u00e1g I (men's water polo) was the 50th water polo championship in Hungary. There were ten teams who played one-round match for the title.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [44, 44], "content_span": [45, 201]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074010-0001-0000", "contents": "1956 Orsz\u00e1gos Bajnoks\u00e1g I (men's water polo), Final list\n* M: Matches W: Win D: Drawn L: Lost G+: Goals earned G-: Goals got P: Point", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [46, 56], "content_span": [57, 133]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074011-0000-0000", "contents": "1956 Ottawa Rough Riders season\nThe 1956 Ottawa Rough Riders finished in 3rd place in the IRFU with a 7\u20137 record but lost to the Hamilton Tiger-Cats in the East Semi-Final.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [31, 31], "content_span": [32, 172]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074012-0000-0000", "contents": "1956 Ottawa municipal election\nThe city of Ottawa, Canada held municipal elections on December 3, 1956.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [30, 30], "content_span": [31, 103]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074012-0001-0000", "contents": "1956 Ottawa municipal election\nController George Nelms is acclaimed as mayor, the last election in Ottawa's history where a candidate for mayor has run unopposed. Nelms was not the incumbent mayor, who was Charlotte Whitton who decided not to run again.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [30, 30], "content_span": [31, 253]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074012-0002-0000", "contents": "1956 Ottawa municipal election\nAfter four years of wards just having numbers, names were returned to each of the wards.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [30, 30], "content_span": [31, 119]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074013-0000-0000", "contents": "1956 Oxford-Cambridge rugby union tour of Argentina\nThe 1956 Oxford-Cambridge rugby union tour of Argentina was a series of matches played in Argentina, in Buenos Aires and Rosario in 1956.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 51], "section_span": [51, 51], "content_span": [52, 189]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074013-0001-0000", "contents": "1956 Oxford-Cambridge rugby union tour of Argentina\nA mixed selection, formed also of many international player of British national team, student at Oxford  and Cambridge universities was arranged for an historical tour, the second after the tours in 1948", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 51], "section_span": [51, 51], "content_span": [52, 255]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074013-0002-0000", "contents": "1956 Oxford-Cambridge rugby union tour of Argentina, Results\nLegend: ADF= Asociaci\u00f3n Deportiva Francesa), BCR=Buenos Aires Cricket & Rugby Club , BAC=Belgrano Athletic Club, CASI=Club Atletico san Isidro, CP=Club Pucar\u00e1, CUBA= Club Universitario de B.A., GE=Gimnasia y Esgrima H= Hind\u00fa Club, OG= Old Georgian Club ORC= Olivos Rugby Club, OS= Obras Sanitarias, PUY=PUY,", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 51], "section_span": [53, 60], "content_span": [61, 368]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074013-0003-0000", "contents": "1956 Oxford-Cambridge rugby union tour of Argentina, Results\nRosario: J. Dogliani; A. Drincovich, J. Arce (capt. ), J. V\u00e1zquez, J. Gabutti; W. Villar, N. Robson; O. Kaden, J. Watson, O. Celentano. A, Colla, A. Pava]; R. Cerfoglio, N. Robson, J Madariaga. Oxford-Cambridge: J. Hetherington; M. Kershaw, J. Hodgson, I. Reeler, W. Lawrence; T. Richard, A. Mulligan; A. Herbert, P. Robbins, A. Ramsay; J. Currie, 11. Marques; P. Watson, R, Allaway, D. Tarsh.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 51], "section_span": [53, 60], "content_span": [61, 454]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074013-0004-0000", "contents": "1956 Oxford-Cambridge rugby union tour of Argentina, Results\nC.A. San Isidro:  E.Ni\u00f1o; H.Prebisch, M.Guyot, J.Berro Garc\u00eda, C.Ramallo; J.Belgrano, F.Varela (capt. ); L, Bavio, R.Ochoa, 1.Madero; R.Dell'Aqua, L.Allen; C.Travaglini, M.Iraola, R.Lagarde. Oxford-Cambridge: J.Hetherington; M.Kershaw, I.Reeler, T, Fallon, J.Walker; T.Richards, D.Braco; W.Evana, A.Herbert, P, Robbins; J.Currie, R.Marques; P.Watson, R, Allaway, D, Tareh.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 51], "section_span": [53, 60], "content_span": [61, 433]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074013-0005-0000", "contents": "1956 Oxford-Cambridge rugby union tour of Argentina, Results\nBelgrano: A.Forrester; C.Lennon, R.Baz\u00e1n, E, Gahan, E.Horan; M.Hughes, P.Felisari; A.Halle, E, Arntsen, G Schon; A.Dillon, I.Diez; E.Hirsch, M.Caldwell, J.Lescano. Oxford-Cambridge:  M.Smith; M.Kershaw, J, Hodgeon, J.Williams, J.Walker; T.Richards, A.Mulligan; R.Marques, R.Davies, P.Robbins; A.Herbert, J.Abbot; P.Wetson, N.Raffle, W.Downey.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 51], "section_span": [53, 60], "content_span": [61, 403]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074013-0006-0000", "contents": "1956 Oxford-Cambridge rugby union tour of Argentina, Results\nCapital: R.Raim\u00fandez (BCR) . ; E.Horan (BAC), A.Dramis (OS), A.Yang\u00fcela (PUY), J.Ricciardello (PUY)\u00a0; A.Guastella, U, Propato (PUY)\u00a0; J.O'Farrel (CUBA (capt. ); M.Azpiroz (OS), S.Hogg (BCR)\u00a0; B.Yustini (H), R, Dillon (BAC).E.Hirach (BAC), S.Alonso (GE), A.Azpiroz (OS). Oxford-Cambridge:  J.Williams; M.Kershaw, I.Reeler, T.Fallon, J.Walker; M.Smith, D.Braco; A.Ramsay, W.Evans, R, Davies; J.Currie, J.Abbot; N.Raffle, R.Allaway, W.Downey.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 51], "section_span": [53, 60], "content_span": [61, 500]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074013-0007-0000", "contents": "1956 Oxford-Cambridge rugby union tour of Argentina, Results\nC.U.B.A. : J.Gencud; U.O'Farrell, E, Fern\u00e1ndez del Casal (capt. ), R.Lanusse, J Ferrer; F Mayol, G.Mart\u00ednez Seeber; R Mihura, C.\u00c1lvarez, J.O'Farrell; A.D\u00edaz Alberdi, A.Conen; E.Gavi\u00f1a, H.Achaval, F.Chevalier Boutell. Oxford-Cambridge:  M.Smith; M.Kershaw, T.Fallon, J.Hodgson, 1.Walker; T.Richards, D.Braco; A Herbert, R.Evans; P.Robbins.J.Currie, N.Marques; D, Tarah, R.Allaway, P.Watson,", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 51], "section_span": [53, 60], "content_span": [61, 450]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074013-0008-0000", "contents": "1956 Oxford-Cambridge rugby union tour of Argentina, Results\nArgentina: J.Genoud (CUBA; O.Bernacchi (CP), E.Fern\u00e1ndez del Canal (CUBA, R..Baz\u00e1n (BAC), A.Salinas (ORC); J, M.Belgrano (CASI)  (capt. ), P.Felisari (BAC); S.Hogg (BCR), E.Mitchelstein (ORC), R.Ochoa (CASI), R.Dell'Acqua (CASI), J.Diez (BAC); E.Gavi\u00f1a (CUBA, M.Caldwell (BAC), R.Lagorde (CASI) . Oxford-Cambridge:  M.Smith; J.Walker, I.Reeler, J.Hodgson, M, Kershaw; T.Richards, D.Brace; N.Marques, R.Davies; P.Robbins; A.Herbert, J.Currie; W.Watson, R.Allaway, W.Downey.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 51], "section_span": [53, 60], "content_span": [61, 533]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074013-0009-0000", "contents": "1956 Oxford-Cambridge rugby union tour of Argentina, Results\nProvincia: R.Pesce (ADF); J.M\u00e1rquez Miranda (Curupayt\u00ed), J.Guidi (ADF), L.Trotta (CP); C.Ramallo (CASI)\u00a0; I.Comas, G.Ehrman (capt.) (CP); E.Michelstein (ORC), M.Sarand\u00f3n (SIC), J.Madero (CASI); E.Dom\u00ednguez (CP), L.Allen (CASI)\u00a0; C.Travaglini (CASI), V.Christianson (ADF) R.Follet (OG). Oxford-Cambridge:  T, Richards; W.Lawrence, T.Fallan, J.Hodgson, J.Walker; M.Smith, A.Mulligan; R.Marques, P.Robbins, W.Evana; A, Herbert, 1.Currie; N, Raffle, R.Allaway, W.Downey.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 51], "section_span": [53, 60], "content_span": [61, 527]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074013-0010-0000", "contents": "1956 Oxford-Cambridge rugby union tour of Argentina, Results\nObras Sanitarias: J, Salmer\u00f3n; R.Brown, A.Dermis, E.Dramis, P.Quiroga; W.Cassellini, Ant.Demis; M.Azpiroz, A.Bublath, J.Rossito; A.Echag\u00fce, J, Wester; L Echag\u00fce, E.Verzoletto, A.Azpiroz. Oxford-Cambridge:  T.Richards; N.Lawrence, I.Reeler, T.Fallon, M.Kershaw; M.Smith, D.Brace; R Davies, A.Ramsay, J.Abbot; J.Currie, R.Marques; P.Watson, R..Allaway, N.Baffle", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 51], "section_span": [53, 60], "content_span": [61, 420]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074013-0011-0000", "contents": "1956 Oxford-Cambridge rugby union tour of Argentina, Results\nSan Isidro Club: R.Devoto; J.Angelillo, F.Carl\u00e9s, J.\u00c1lvarez, M.Fern\u00e1ndez Criado; E.Elizalde, G.Soares Gache, M.Sarand\u00f3n, M, Villalonga, R.Pl\u00e1; L.Glastra, A.Lamas; B.Mugica, E.Jantus, R.Rodr\u00edguez Loredo. Oxford-Cambridge: M Smith; W.Lawrence, I.Reeler, J, Hodgson, J.Walker; T.Richards, A.Mulligan; P.Robbins, R Davies, W.- Evans; J.Currie, R.Marques; P, Watson, N.Baffle, W.Downey.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 51], "section_span": [53, 60], "content_span": [61, 442]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074013-0012-0000", "contents": "1956 Oxford-Cambridge rugby union tour of Argentina, Results\nArgentina: J.Genoud (CUBA; O.Bernacchi (CP), E.Fern\u00e1ndez del Casal (CUBA, A, Yang\u00fcela (PUY), E.Horan (BAC); A.Guastella, U.Propato (PUY)\u00a0; J.O'Farrel, cap. (CUBA, M.Azpiros (OS), S, Hogg (BCR); B.Yustfni (H), R.Dillon (BAC).E.Gavi\u00f1a (CUBA, V.Christianson (ADF), E.Hirsch (BAC). Oxford-Cambridge:  T.Richards; M Kershaw, I.Reeler, T.Hodgson, N.Lawrence; M.Smith, D.Brace: A.Ramsay, P.Robbins, R, Davies; J.Abbot, R, Marques; N.Raffle, R.Allaway, P.Watson.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 51], "section_span": [53, 60], "content_span": [61, 515]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074013-0013-0000", "contents": "1956 Oxford-Cambridge rugby union tour of Argentina, Seven-a-side special\nOn September 9, was played a tournament of \"seven\", with the participation of 23 teams of Argentinian clubs, and two selection of British played.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 51], "section_span": [53, 73], "content_span": [74, 219]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074013-0014-0000", "contents": "1956 Oxford-Cambridge rugby union tour of Argentina, Seven-a-side special\nThe final was played between the Oxford Cambridge \"A\" Club Pucar\u00e1 that won the preliminary matches. Oxford Cambridge \u201cA\u201dwon with Banco Naci\u00f3n (16-0), Pueyrred\u00f3n (16-0), San Isidro Club (11-0)., while Pucar\u00e1 won with Atalaya (5-0), (Club Universitario (8-3), Buenos Aires C&R (5-3), Oxford-Cambridge \u201cB\u201d (16-0).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 51], "section_span": [53, 73], "content_span": [74, 384]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074013-0015-0000", "contents": "1956 Oxford-Cambridge rugby union tour of Argentina, Seven-a-side special\nPucar\u00e1: O.Bernacchi, A.Palma; I.Comas, L.Trotta; B.Ota\u00f1o, F.Ib\u00e1\u00f1ez, E.Dom\u00ednguez  Oxford-Cambridge A: N, Lawrence; M.Smith; T.Richards, D.Braco; R.Davies, N.Raffle, P.Robbins", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 51], "section_span": [53, 73], "content_span": [74, 247]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074014-0000-0000", "contents": "1956 PGA Championship\nThe 1956 PGA Championship  was the 38th edition of the professional golf competition, held at Blue Hill Country Club in Canton, Massachusetts, a suburb southwest of Boston. Jack Burke Jr. won his second major championship of 1956, a 3 & 2 victory over Ted Kroll; Burke had won the Masters in April. It was the penultimate PGA Championship as a match play competition; stroke play was introduced two years later in 1958. This was the tenth and final year the PGA Championship was scheduled for a Tuesday finish.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [21, 21], "content_span": [22, 532]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074014-0001-0000", "contents": "1956 PGA Championship\nDefending champion Doug Ford was stopped in the third round by 1953 champion Walter Burkemo, 5 & 3.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [21, 21], "content_span": [22, 121]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074014-0002-0000", "contents": "1956 PGA Championship\nBlue Hill was not highly regarded as a championship venue and calls increased for a change in format to stroke play. Also, a five-year membership in the PGA of America was necessary to compete in the PGA Championship at the time; this excluded young professionals Arnold Palmer, Dow Finsterwald, Gene Littler, and Mike Souchak.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [21, 21], "content_span": [22, 349]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074014-0003-0000", "contents": "1956 PGA Championship\nThis remains the only time the PGA Championship has been played in Massachusetts. It was the 8th major championship played in the state and the first in over 30 years, since the 1925 U.S. Open. The next major held in the state would be the 1963 U.S. Open.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [21, 21], "content_span": [22, 277]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074014-0004-0000", "contents": "1956 PGA Championship\nBurke was the second to win the Masters and PGA Championship in the same calendar year, following Sam Snead in 1949. Through 2016, it has only been accomplished four times, with the latter two by Jack Nicklaus in 1963 and 1975.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [21, 21], "content_span": [22, 249]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074014-0005-0000", "contents": "1956 PGA Championship\nThe Open Championship was held two weeks earlier in England at Royal Liverpool Golf Club; neither Burke nor Kroll played in 1956 (or ever).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [21, 21], "content_span": [22, 161]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074014-0006-0000", "contents": "1956 PGA Championship\nIn the skills competitions held on Thursday, Joe Kraak won the long driving contest at 300 yards (274\u00a0m).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [21, 21], "content_span": [22, 127]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074014-0007-0000", "contents": "1956 PGA Championship, Format\nThe match play format at the PGA Championship was modified in 1956 and called for 9 rounds (162 holes) in five days, Friday through Tuesday. Previously, a two-day stroke play qualifying segment (36 holes) on Wednesday and Thursday preceded the match play competition to narrow the field to 64 competitors. This year, 128 players were entered in the single-elimination bracket. The first five rounds were 18-hole matches contested over the first three days, which reduced the field to four players. The semifinals and finals were 36-hole matches played on the final two days, Monday and Tuesday.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [23, 29], "content_span": [30, 624]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074014-0008-0000", "contents": "1956 PGA Championship, Final eight bracket\nIn the Sunday quarterfinals, Ted Kroll defeated favorite Sam Snead 2 & 1. In the semifinals, Kroll needed only 28 holes to handily defeat Bill Johnston 10 & 8, but Burke's match went 37 holes, extended to an extra hole to stop Ed Furgol, the 1954 U.S. Open champion. In the final on Tuesday, Burke was three holes down to Kroll after 19 holes, then won five of the next seven holes. The two then halved the next seven holes and Kroll's bogey at the par-3 34th hole ended the match at 3 & 2.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [23, 42], "content_span": [43, 533]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074015-0000-0000", "contents": "1956 Pacific Tigers football team\nThe 1956 Pacific Tigers football team represented the College of the Pacific during the 1956 NCAA University Division football season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [33, 33], "content_span": [34, 168]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074015-0001-0000", "contents": "1956 Pacific Tigers football team\nPacific competed as an independent in 1956. They played home games in Pacific Memorial Stadium in Stockton, California. In their fourth season under head coach Jack Myers, the Tigers finished with a record of six wins, three losses and one tie (6\u20133\u20131). For the season they outscored their opponents 241\u2013148.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [33, 33], "content_span": [34, 341]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074015-0002-0000", "contents": "1956 Pacific Tigers football team, Team players in the NFL\nThe following College of the Pacific players were selected in the 1957 NFL Draft.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 58], "content_span": [59, 140]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074016-0000-0000", "contents": "1956 Pacific hurricane season\nThe 1956 Pacific hurricane season ran through the summer and fall of 1956. Eleven tropical systems were observed this season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [29, 29], "content_span": [30, 155]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074016-0001-0000", "contents": "1956 Pacific hurricane season, Systems, Tropical Storm Two\nTropical Storm Two existed from May 30 to June 3.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 58], "content_span": [59, 108]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074016-0002-0000", "contents": "1956 Pacific hurricane season, Systems, Tropical Storm Six\nTropical Storm Six existed from July 14 to July 16.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 58], "content_span": [59, 110]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074017-0000-0000", "contents": "1956 Pacific typhoon season\nThe 1956 Pacific typhoon season has no official bounds; it ran year-round in 1956, but most tropical cyclones tend to form in the northwestern Pacific Ocean between June and December. These dates conventionally delimit the period of each year when most tropical cyclones form in the northwestern Pacific Ocean.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [27, 27], "content_span": [28, 338]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074017-0001-0000", "contents": "1956 Pacific typhoon season\nThe scope of this article is limited to the Pacific Ocean, north of the equator and west of the international date line. Storms that form east of the date line and north of the equator are called hurricanes; see 1956 Pacific hurricane season. Tropical storms forming in the entire west Pacific basin were assigned a name by the Fleet Weather Center on Guam.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [27, 27], "content_span": [28, 385]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074017-0002-0000", "contents": "1956 Pacific typhoon season, Systems\nA total of 39 tropical cyclones are made in the Western Pacific Basin. Of all the 39 tropical cyclones made, 23 of them reached tropical storm strength, 15 of them reached typhoon strength, and 3 of them reached the super typhoon strength. The rest of the storms, such as unnumbered and unnamed tropical depressions and storms, are only classified by the CMA while the JMA is sometimes rare before the 1960s - 1970s.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 36], "content_span": [37, 453]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074017-0003-0000", "contents": "1956 Pacific typhoon season, Systems, Typhoon Sarah\nTyphoon Sarah formed at a low latitude on March 21 and took a generally northwest heading. On the 31st as it approached the Philippine islands, it slowed then reversed its direction dissipating on April 4.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 51], "content_span": [52, 257]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074017-0004-0000", "contents": "1956 Pacific typhoon season, Systems, Tropical Storm 02W\nTropical Storm 02W formed on April 10. It hit Philippines as a tropical depression. It move westward hitting Vietnam dissipating on April 15.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 56], "content_span": [57, 198]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074017-0005-0000", "contents": "1956 Pacific typhoon season, Systems, Typhoon Thelma\nOn April 16, Thelma formed near the formation place of typhoon Sarah. Thelma struck the Philippine Islands on April 21 and passed close to Formosa on April 23 then struck Japan. The U.S. Navy Fleet Weather Central in Guam stopped following Thelma on April 25.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 52], "content_span": [53, 312]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074017-0006-0000", "contents": "1956 Pacific typhoon season, Systems, Typhoon Wanda\nA tropical depression developed southwest of Guam on July\u00a025. It moved north-northeastward, passing east of the Northern Marianas. On July\u00a027, it intensified into a tropical storm and was designated Wanda. On the same day, the storm turned more westward, steered by the subtropical ridge to the north. Low wind shear and warm waters allowed Wanda to intensify steadily, developing into an intense typhoon while . On July\u00a030, reconnaissance aircraft recorded a minimum pressure of 902\u00a0mbar (26.6\u00a0inHg), and the peak winds were estimated at 295\u00a0km/h (185\u00a0mph).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 51], "content_span": [52, 610]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074017-0006-0001", "contents": "1956 Pacific typhoon season, Systems, Typhoon Wanda\nAfter passing through the Miyako Islands, Wanda weakened slightly and traversed the East China Sea. On August\u00a01, the typhoon made landfall in eastern China near Zhoushan, Zhejiang, producing a pressure of 923\u00a0mbar (27.3\u00a0inHg); this was the lowest pressure recorded in China from a tropical cyclone. Wanda slowly weakened while progressing through China, dissipating on August\u00a05.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 51], "content_span": [52, 430]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074017-0007-0000", "contents": "1956 Pacific typhoon season, Systems, Typhoon Wanda\nTaipei on Taiwan recorded 297.3\u00a0mm (11.70\u00a0in) of rainfall over three days while the typhoon passed to the north. Along the coast of Zhejiang, Wanda produced a 5.02\u00a0m (16.5\u00a0ft) storm surge that destroyed 465\u00a0seawalls and 902\u00a0boats. The storm also flooded crop fields, destroying 20,380\u00a0tons of wheat. Across Zhejiang, 2.2\u00a0million houses and 38.5% of the main roads were damaged during the storm. Nationwide, Wanda killed 4,935\u00a0people and injured 16,617\u00a0others.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 51], "content_span": [52, 511]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074017-0008-0000", "contents": "1956 Pacific typhoon season, Systems, Typhoon Dinah\nTyphoon Dinah was formed on August 25. The storm increased rapidly before hitting northern Taiwan. The typhoon made landfall on Fujian before turning through China and North Korea. It dissipated over the Soviet Union/Russia on September 5.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 51], "content_span": [52, 291]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074017-0009-0000", "contents": "1956 Pacific typhoon season, Systems, Typhoon Emma\nEmma was a powerful typhoon that brought 145 mph (230 km/h) winds and 22 inches (560 mm) of rain to Okinawa (then the US territory of the Ryukyu Islands) and South Korea. Emma left 77 people dead and over $8 million (1956 USD) in damage. Forming from a tropical disturbance near the Mariana Islands, Emma churned southwest before gaining typhoon status on September 3. Emma then recurved after reaching category 3 status. Moving west-northwest, Emma reached a peak intensity of 155 mph (250 km/h) as it bypassed Okinawa.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 50], "content_span": [51, 571]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074017-0009-0001", "contents": "1956 Pacific typhoon season, Systems, Typhoon Emma\nEmma also brushed South Korea and Kyushu as a strong category 3 typhoon. On Kyushu, Emma brought 22 inches of rain that caused extensive flooding with left 34 people dead and thousands homeless. On South Korea, Emma sank dozens of ships and wrecked homes and buildings. In all 42 people were dead and 35 missing, most of them are fishermen. On Okinawa, most headed typhoon watches are choosing to evacuate or bolting storm shutters and stowing avay light equipment. A strong rip current had overwhelmed the soldiers and all of the eleven marines drowned.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 50], "content_span": [51, 605]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074017-0009-0002", "contents": "1956 Pacific typhoon season, Systems, Typhoon Emma\nWhen Emma hit Okinawa, it brought 145 mph (230 km/h) gusts that ripped apart runways and smashed hangars. Heavy rains brought flashfloods that damaged homes and buildings. A total of 1,059 millimetres (41.7 in) fell at Kadena Air Force Base in 21 hours on September 8. The U.S. held island of Okinawa was hard hit by Emma. Numerous planes, runways, and barracks are damaged. Emma left on hat battering island, leaving $8 million (1956 US dollars in damage). Emma then dissipated on September 11. Emma was one of the several typhoons that cause significant damage to Okinawa during the mid-1950s.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 50], "content_span": [51, 646]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074017-0010-0000", "contents": "1956 Pacific typhoon season, Systems, Typhoon Harriet\nHarriet formed on September 19. It was a moderately powerful typhoon that brought heavy and 110 mph winds to Japan. The typhoon destroyed 600 buildings and killed 38 people. Harriet then crossed the Sea of Japan before making the second landfall in South Korea. There, the storm brought heavy rains and gusty winds before dissipating on September 27. Harriet killed 53 people and left $50 million (1956) dollars in damage.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 53], "content_span": [54, 476]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074017-0011-0000", "contents": "1956 Pacific typhoon season, Systems, Typhoon Polly\nThe last storm of the season, Polly formed on December 7. It reached its peak intensity with 105 mph winds. It made landfall in Philippines as a category 2 typhoon and this made Polly to weaken to a tropical storm and dissipated. On Philippines, Polly brought 105 mph winds and 11 inch rains in the Philippines on December 8. The typhoon killed 79 people and left $2.5 million (1956 dollars) in damage.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 51], "content_span": [52, 454]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074017-0012-0000", "contents": "1956 Pacific typhoon season, Storm names\nThese are the names used in 1956. This is the same used in the 1952 season, with the exception of Jean, Lucille and Nadine which replaced Jeanne, Lois and Nona.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 40], "content_span": [41, 201]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074018-0000-0000", "contents": "1956 Palanca Awards\nThe Carlos Palanca Memorial Awards for Literature winners in the year 1956 (rank, title of winning entry, name of author).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [19, 19], "content_span": [20, 142]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074019-0000-0000", "contents": "1956 Panamanian general election\nPanama held a general election on 13 May 1956, electing both a new President of the Republic and a new National Assembly.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [32, 32], "content_span": [33, 154]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074019-0001-0000", "contents": "1956 Panamanian general election\n\u201cThe National Patriotic Coalition was almost unopposed in the 1956 election race. The National Liberal Party made the gesture of offering candidates but did not campaign vigorously\u201d.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [32, 32], "content_span": [33, 215]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074019-0002-0000", "contents": "1956 Panamanian general election\nErnesto de la Guardia Navarro, the government candidate, was a conservative businessman and a member of the oligarchy. The Jos\u00e9 Antonio Rem\u00f3n Cantera\u2019 government had required parties to enroll 45,000 members to receive official recognition. This membership requirement, subsequently relaxed to 5,000, had excluded all opposition parties from the 1956 elections except the National Liberal Party (PLN) which traced its lineage to the original Liberal Party.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [32, 32], "content_span": [33, 489]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074020-0000-0000", "contents": "1956 Panamerican Championship\nThe 1956 Panamerican Championship was the second edition of the Panamerican Championship, the first attempt to join national teams from North, Central and South America. It was held in Mexico City, between February 26 and March 18, in 1956.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [29, 29], "content_span": [30, 270]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074020-0001-0000", "contents": "1956 Panamerican Championship\nThe competition, contested by 6 teams, was played in a round-robin format, and won by Brazil, achieving their second consecutive title. All the matches were played at Estadio Ol\u00edmpico Universitario.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [29, 29], "content_span": [30, 228]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074020-0002-0000", "contents": "1956 Panamerican Championship, Goalscorers\nThere were 49 goals scored in 15 matches, for an average of 3.27 goals per match.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 42], "content_span": [43, 124]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074021-0000-0000", "contents": "1956 Paraguayan Primera Divisi\u00f3n season\nThe 1956 season of the Paraguayan Primera Divisi\u00f3n, the top category of Paraguayan football, was played by 8 teams. The national champions were Olimpia.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [39, 39], "content_span": [40, 192]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074022-0000-0000", "contents": "1956 Paris\u2013Nice\nThe 1956 Paris\u2013Nice was the 14th edition of the Paris\u2013Nice cycle race and was held from 13 March to 17 March 1956. The race started in Cr\u00e9teil and finished in Nice. The race was won by Fred De Bruyne.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 15], "section_span": [15, 15], "content_span": [16, 216]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074023-0000-0000", "contents": "1956 Paris\u2013Roubaix\nThe 1956 Paris\u2013Roubaix was the 54th\u00a0edition of the Paris\u2013Roubaix, a classic one-day cycle race in France. The single day event was held on 8 April 1956 and stretched 252\u00a0km (157\u00a0mi) from Paris to the finish at Roubaix Velodrome. The winner was Louison Bobet from France.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 18], "section_span": [18, 18], "content_span": [19, 289]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074024-0000-0000", "contents": "1956 Paris\u2013Tours\nThe 1956 Paris\u2013Tours was the 50th edition of the Paris\u2013Tours cycle race and was held on 7 October 1956. The race started in Paris and finished in Tours. The race was won by Albert Bouvet.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 16], "section_span": [16, 16], "content_span": [17, 204]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074025-0000-0000", "contents": "1956 Penn Quakers football team\nThe 1956 Penn Quakers football team was an American football team that represented the University of Pennsylvania as a member of the Ivy League during the 1956 NCAA University Division football season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [31, 31], "content_span": [32, 233]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074025-0001-0000", "contents": "1956 Penn Quakers football team\nIn their third year under head coach Steve Sebo, the Quakers compiled a 5\u20134 record but were outscored 216 to 96. Charles Gill and Peter Keblish were the team captains.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [31, 31], "content_span": [32, 199]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074025-0002-0000", "contents": "1956 Penn Quakers football team\nPenn's 4\u20133 conference record tied for third place in the Ivy League. This was the first season of formal play for the league, and marked the renewal for the Quakers of several rivalries that hadn't been played in recent years. Only four of Penn's 1955 opponents (Cornell, Navy, Penn State, Princeton) carried over to the new season. The rest of the Ivy League teams had not played Penn since 1952 or earlier; Harvard and Yale hadn't been on the schedule since World War II.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [31, 31], "content_span": [32, 505]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074025-0003-0000", "contents": "1956 Penn Quakers football team\nPenn played its home games at Franklin Field adjacent to the university's campus in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [31, 31], "content_span": [32, 143]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074026-0000-0000", "contents": "1956 Penn State Nittany Lions football team\nThe 1956 Penn State Nittany Lions football team represented the Pennsylvania State University in the 1956 NCAA University Division football season. The team was coached by Rip Engle and played its home games in New Beaver Field in University Park, Pennsylvania.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 43], "section_span": [43, 43], "content_span": [44, 305]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074027-0000-0000", "contents": "1956 Pepperdine Waves football team\nThe 1956 Pepperdine Waves football team represented George Pepperdine College as an independent during the 1956 NCAA College Division football season. The team was led by second-year head coach John Scolinos and played home games at El Camino Stadium on the campus of El Camino College in Torrance, California. They finished the season with a record of 6\u20133.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [35, 35], "content_span": [36, 393]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074027-0001-0000", "contents": "1956 Pepperdine Waves football team, Team players in the NFL\nNo Pepperdine players were selected in the 1957 NFL Draft.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 60], "content_span": [61, 119]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074028-0000-0000", "contents": "1956 Perth Carnival\nThe 1956 Perth Carnival was the 13th edition of the Australian National Football Carnival, an Australian rules football interstate competition. It took place from 11 to 23 June at Subiaco Oval, Perth.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [19, 19], "content_span": [20, 220]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074028-0001-0000", "contents": "1956 Perth Carnival\nFive teams automatically qualified for the carnival as a result of their finishing positions at the 1953 Adelaide Carnival: two Victorian teams Victoria (VFL) and Victoria (VFA), the hosts Western Australia, South Australia &. Tasmania, which had finished last at the 1953 Carnival, qualified only after defeating the winners of the lower division, the Australian Amateurs, in a playoff at North Hobart Oval on 10 July 1954, by the score of 16.21 (117) to 9.10 (64).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [19, 19], "content_span": [20, 486]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074028-0002-0000", "contents": "1956 Perth Carnival\nVictoria finished the fortnight unbeaten while Tasmania equaled their best performance ever by finishing third.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [19, 19], "content_span": [20, 131]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074028-0003-0000", "contents": "1956 Perth Carnival, All-Australian team\nIn 1956 the All-Australian team was picked based on the performances at the Perth Carnival.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [21, 40], "content_span": [41, 132]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074028-0004-0000", "contents": "1956 Perth Carnival, Tassie Medal\nRuckman Graham Farmer won the Tassie Medal, making it four wins out of five in carnivals for Western Australian players.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [21, 33], "content_span": [34, 154]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074029-0000-0000", "contents": "1956 Peruvian Primera Divisi\u00f3n\nThe 1956 season of the Primera Divisi\u00f3n Peruana, the top category of Peruvian football, was played by 10 teams. The national champions were Sporting Cristal.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [30, 30], "content_span": [31, 188]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074030-0000-0000", "contents": "1956 Peruvian general election\nGeneral elections were held in Peru on 17 June 1956 to elect the President and both houses of the Congress. Manuel Prado Ugarteche of the Pradist Democratic Movement won the presidential election with 45.5% of the vote.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [30, 30], "content_span": [31, 250]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074030-0000-0001", "contents": "1956 Peruvian general election\nThey were the first elections in Peru in which women could vote, and nine women were elected to Congress; Manuela Billinghurst, Alicia Blanco Montesinos, Lola Blanco Montesinos, Mar\u00eda Colina Lozano, Matilde P\u00e9rez Palacio, Carlota Ramos de Santolaya, Mar\u00eda Eleonora Silva Silva and Juana Ubilluz de Palacios were elected to the Chamber of Deputies, while Irene Silva de Santolalla became the first woman elected to the Senate.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [30, 30], "content_span": [31, 456]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074031-0000-0000", "contents": "1956 Philadelphia City Council special election\nPhiladelphia's City Council special election of 1956 was held to fill the seat vacated by Democrat John F. Byrne, Sr. when he resigned to join the Pennsylvania Turnpike Commission. Democrat Leon Kolankiewicz defeated Republican Max Leon for the seat.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 47], "section_span": [47, 47], "content_span": [48, 298]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074031-0001-0000", "contents": "1956 Philadelphia City Council special election, Election\nUnder Philadelphia's city charter, seven city council at-large seats were created, of which two were guaranteed to the minority party. After the 1955 elections, one of those seats was occupied by Democrat John F. Byrne, Sr.. The following year, Governor George M. Leader appointed Byrne to a seat on the Pennsylvania Turnpike Commission. Byrne resigned his council seat, and a special election was called to replace him.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 47], "section_span": [49, 57], "content_span": [58, 478]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074031-0002-0000", "contents": "1956 Philadelphia City Council special election, Election\nThe Democrats selected Leon Kolankiewicz, a state representative and president of the local chapter of American Relief for Poland. The Republicans chose Max Leon, a local impresario and businessman who owned the WDAS (AM) radio station. Both candidates had Polish roots: Leon was a Polish-Jewish immigrant who had left Poland at age 16, while Kolankiewicz was the son of Polish Catholic immigrants.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 47], "section_span": [49, 57], "content_span": [58, 456]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074031-0003-0000", "contents": "1956 Philadelphia City Council special election, Results\nKolankiewicz was elected with a 140,000-vote majority. He continued to serve on City Council until 1967.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 47], "section_span": [49, 56], "content_span": [57, 161]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074032-0000-0000", "contents": "1956 Philadelphia Eagles season\nThe 1956 Philadelphia Eagles season was their 24th in the league. They failed to improve on their previous output of 4\u20137\u20131, winning only three games. The team failed to qualify for the playoffs for the seventh consecutive season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [31, 31], "content_span": [32, 261]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074032-0001-0000", "contents": "1956 Philadelphia Eagles season, Off Season\nThe Eagles change coaches during the off season. Jim Trimble was fired on December 12, and they hired Hugh Devore. Jim Trimble's legacy is more connected to football products, thanks to his \"slingshot\" goal posts. In 1966 would design and market the idea. Today they are the common goal post at football games.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 43], "content_span": [44, 354]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074032-0002-0000", "contents": "1956 Philadelphia Eagles season, Off Season\nFor the 6th year in a row the Eagles hold training camp in Hershey, Pennsylvania. They continued to hold training camp there until 1967.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 43], "content_span": [44, 180]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074032-0003-0000", "contents": "1956 Philadelphia Eagles season, Off Season, NFL Draft\nThe 1956 NFL Draft was held on November 29, 1955. The draft was 30 rounds long, with 12 teams making picks. A total of 360 players were selected. The Pittsburgh Steelers got this year's Lottery Bonus Pick and with it they selected Gary Glick a Quarterback that went to Colorado State University.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 54], "content_span": [55, 350]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074032-0004-0000", "contents": "1956 Philadelphia Eagles season, Off Season, NFL Draft\nThe 1955 Eagles finished with a 4\u20137\u20131 record and will get to pick 4th or 5th in the rounds with the Chicago Cardinals. With their first round pick the Eagles selected Bob Pellegrini He was featured on the cover of the November 7, 1955, edition of Sports Illustrated magazine. a Center from the University of Maryland, College Park. The Eagles made a total of 30 picks in this year's draft.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 54], "content_span": [55, 444]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074032-0005-0000", "contents": "1956 Philadelphia Eagles season, Off Season, Player selections\nThe table shows the Eagles selections and what picks they had that were traded away and the team that ended up with that pick. It is possible the Eagles' pick ended up with this team via another team that the Eagles made a trade with. Not shown are acquired picks that the Eagles traded away.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 62], "content_span": [63, 355]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074032-0006-0000", "contents": "1956 Philadelphia Eagles season, Schedule, Standings\nNote: Tie games were not officially counted in the standings until 1972.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 52], "content_span": [53, 125]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074032-0007-0000", "contents": "1956 Philadelphia Eagles season, Roster\n(All time List of Philadelphia Eagles players in franchise history)", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 39], "content_span": [40, 107]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074033-0000-0000", "contents": "1956 Philadelphia Phillies season, Player stats, Batting, Starters by position\nNote: Pos = Position; G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 78], "content_span": [79, 203]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074033-0001-0000", "contents": "1956 Philadelphia Phillies season, Player stats, Batting, Other batters\nNote: G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 71], "content_span": [72, 180]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074033-0002-0000", "contents": "1956 Philadelphia Phillies season, Player stats, Pitching, Starting pitchers\nNote: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 76], "content_span": [77, 187]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074033-0003-0000", "contents": "1956 Philadelphia Phillies season, Player stats, Pitching, Other pitchers\nNote: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 73], "content_span": [74, 184]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074033-0004-0000", "contents": "1956 Philadelphia Phillies season, Player stats, Pitching, Relief pitchers\nNote: G = Games pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; SV = Saves; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 74], "content_span": [75, 175]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074034-0000-0000", "contents": "1956 Pittsburgh Panthers football team\nThe 1956 Pittsburgh Panthers football team represented the University of Pittsburgh in the 1956 NCAA University Division football season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [38, 38], "content_span": [39, 176]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074035-0000-0000", "contents": "1956 Pittsburgh Pirates season\nThe 1956 Pittsburgh Pirates season was the 75th season of the Pittsburgh Pirates franchise, the 70th in the National League. The Pirates finished seventh in the league standings with a record of 66\u201388.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [30, 30], "content_span": [31, 232]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074035-0001-0000", "contents": "1956 Pittsburgh Pirates season, Player stats, Batting, Starters by position\nNote: Pos = Position; G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 75], "content_span": [76, 200]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074035-0002-0000", "contents": "1956 Pittsburgh Pirates season, Player stats, Batting, Other batters\nNote: G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 68], "content_span": [69, 177]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074035-0003-0000", "contents": "1956 Pittsburgh Pirates season, Player stats, Pitching, Starting pitchers\nNote: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 73], "content_span": [74, 184]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074035-0004-0000", "contents": "1956 Pittsburgh Pirates season, Player stats, Pitching, Other pitchers\nNote: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 70], "content_span": [71, 181]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074035-0005-0000", "contents": "1956 Pittsburgh Pirates season, Player stats, Pitching, Relief pitchers\nNote: G = Games pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; SV = Saves; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 71], "content_span": [72, 172]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074036-0000-0000", "contents": "1956 Pittsburgh Steelers season\nThe 1956 Pittsburgh Steelers season was the franchise's 24th in the National Football League.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [31, 31], "content_span": [32, 125]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074036-0001-0000", "contents": "1956 Pittsburgh Steelers season, Regular season, Standings\nNote: Tie games were not officially counted in the standings until 1972.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 58], "content_span": [59, 131]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074037-0000-0000", "contents": "1956 Preakness Stakes\nThe 1956 Preakness Stakes was the 81st running of the $135,000 Preakness Stakes thoroughbred horse race. The race took place on May 19, 1956, and was televised in the United States on the CBS television network. Fabius, who was jockeyed by William Hartack, won the race by one and three quarter lengths over runner-up Needles. Approximate post time was 5:46\u00a0p.m. Eastern Time.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [21, 21], "content_span": [22, 398]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074037-0000-0001", "contents": "1956 Preakness Stakes\nThe race was run on a fast track in a final time of 1:582/5  The Maryland Jockey Club reported total attendance of 30,714, this is recorded as second highest on the list of American thoroughbred racing top attended events for North America in 1956. It was also the first year that Pimlico Race Course began recording attendance figures.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [21, 21], "content_span": [22, 358]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074038-0000-0000", "contents": "1956 Primera Divisi\u00f3n de Chile\nThe 1956 Campeonato Nacional de F\u00fatbol Profesional, was the 24th season of top-flight football in Chile. Colo-Colo won their seventh title.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [30, 30], "content_span": [31, 170]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074039-0000-0000", "contents": "1956 Princeton Tigers football team\nThe 1956 Princeton Tigers football team was an American football team that represented Princeton University as a member of the Ivy League during the 1956 NCAA University Division football season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [35, 35], "content_span": [36, 231]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074039-0001-0000", "contents": "1956 Princeton Tigers football team\nIn their 12th and final year under head coach Charlie Caldwell, the Tigers compiled a 7\u20132 record and outscored opponents 237 to 135. Michael E. Bowman was the team captain.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [35, 35], "content_span": [36, 208]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074039-0002-0000", "contents": "1956 Princeton Tigers football team\nAfter starting the year 7\u20130, Princeton briefly appeared as No. 20 in the AP Poll, but only remained ranked for one week.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [35, 35], "content_span": [36, 156]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074039-0003-0000", "contents": "1956 Princeton Tigers football team\nPrinceton's 5\u20132 conference record secured second place in the Ivy League standings. This was the first season of formal play for the league, although the Tigers' previous  independent schedules, dating back to the 19th century, often featured future Ivy opponents. All seven Ivy matchups on Princeton's 1956 schedule had been present on the 1955 slate, as well (as had both non-conference opponents, Colgate and Rutgers).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [35, 35], "content_span": [36, 457]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074039-0004-0000", "contents": "1956 Princeton Tigers football team\nPrinceton played its home games at Palmer Stadium on the university campus in Princeton, New Jersey.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [35, 35], "content_span": [36, 136]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074040-0000-0000", "contents": "1956 Pro Bowl\nThe 1956 Pro Bowl was the National Football League's sixth annual all-star game which featured top performers from the 1955 season. The game was played on January 15, 1956, at the Los Angeles Memorial Coliseum in Los Angeles, California in front of 37,867 fans. The East squad defeated the West by a score of 31\u201330.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 13], "section_span": [13, 13], "content_span": [14, 329]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074040-0001-0000", "contents": "1956 Pro Bowl\nThe West team was led by the Los Angeles Rams Sid Gillman while Joe Kuharich of the Washington Redskins' coached the East squad. Chicago Cardinals back Ollie Matson was selected as the game's outstanding player.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 13], "section_span": [13, 13], "content_span": [14, 225]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074041-0000-0000", "contents": "1956 Progressive Conservative leadership convention\nThe 1956 Progressive Conservative leadership election was held to choose a leader for the Progressive Conservative Party of Canada. The convention was held at the Ottawa Coliseum in Ottawa, Ontario, Canada. The convention began on December 13, 1956 with voting occurring on December 14 when John Diefenbaker was elected the new leader.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 51], "section_span": [51, 51], "content_span": [52, 387]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074041-0001-0000", "contents": "1956 Progressive Conservative leadership convention, Background\nThe ailing George A. Drew had taken a leave of absence from his duties as Leader of the Opposition for much of 1956 due to a nearly fatal attack of meningitis. After eight years as party leader, he announced his resignation in the fall of 1956 and a leadership convention was announced for December in Ottawa.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 51], "section_span": [53, 63], "content_span": [64, 373]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074041-0002-0000", "contents": "1956 Progressive Conservative leadership convention, Candidates\nMP John Borden Hamilton, 43, who had represented the Toronto-area riding of York West since a 1954 by-election, considered running but decided against it.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 51], "section_span": [53, 63], "content_span": [64, 218]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074041-0003-0000", "contents": "1956 Progressive Conservative leadership convention, Convention\nThe convention was opened by Ottawa mayor Charlotte Whitton with Nova Scotia Premier Robert Stanfield, a future party leader, giving the keynote address.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 51], "section_span": [53, 63], "content_span": [64, 217]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074041-0004-0000", "contents": "1956 Progressive Conservative leadership convention, Convention\nDiefenbaker was nominated by New Brunswick Premier Hugh John Flemming and British Columbia MP George Pearkes. Diefenbaker's failure to have a French speaker as one of his nominees reportedly hurt him with Quebec delegates. They held a meeting and considered supporting one of Diefenbaker's opponents en masse, of which Fleming hoped to be the beneficiary.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 51], "section_span": [53, 63], "content_span": [64, 419]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074041-0005-0000", "contents": "1956 Progressive Conservative leadership convention, Convention\nThe convention supported policies to extend funding for veterans who lacked pensions, a health insurance plan, a new Canadian flag, tax cuts, subsidies for wheat exports, support for NATO and the United Nations, and to remove the responsibilities for broadcast regulation from the Canadian Broadcasting Corporation and instead create an independent regulator. An attempt to remove the word \"Progressive\" from the party's name was rejected.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 51], "section_span": [53, 63], "content_span": [64, 503]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074041-0006-0000", "contents": "1956 Progressive Conservative leadership convention, Voting\nGoing into the vote, none of the three declared candidates enjoyed the widespread support of the party's membership; Diefenbaker's western populist stances were seen as too reminiscent of those of unpopular former leader John Bracken, Fleming had been a harsh critic of Drew (who was still personally well-liked among much of the party), hurting his support in his native Ontario, while Fulton was generally considered too inexperienced to be a serious contender. Still, after late attempts to draft interim leader William Earl Rowe and University of Toronto president Sidney Smith both failed, Diefenbaker emerged as the favourite due to being the most experienced of the candidates and having given what was generally seen as the most effective speech at the convention.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 51], "section_span": [53, 59], "content_span": [60, 832]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074041-0007-0000", "contents": "1956 Progressive Conservative leadership convention, Voting\nAs expected, the western provinces heavily favoured Diefenbaker, while Quebec backed Fleming. Ontario was thus left as the key vote, and while Drew could probably have swung the vote of his native province, and thereby victory towards either of the two frontrunners (while the unofficial tradition was for outgoing Tory leaders to remain neutral in the leadership contest to succeed them, Drew still held considerable influence behind the scenes), he ultimately did not do so. The Ontario vote thus came down behind Diefenbaker, earning him a decisive victory on the first ballot.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 51], "section_span": [53, 59], "content_span": [60, 640]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074042-0000-0000", "contents": "1956 Puerto Rican general election\nThe 1956 Puerto Rican general elections were held in Puerto Rico on 6 November 1956. Luis Mu\u00f1oz Mar\u00edn of the Popular Democratic Party was re-elected as governor, whilst the PPD also won a majority of the vote in the House of Representatives elections. Voter turnout was 80.4% in the gubernatorial elections and 80.3% in the House elections.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [34, 34], "content_span": [35, 375]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074044-0000-0000", "contents": "1956 Purdue Boilermakers football team\nThe 1956 Purdue Boilermakers football team was an American football team that represented Purdue University during the 1956 Big Ten Conference football season. In their first year under head coach Jack Mollenkopf, the Boilermakers compiled a 3\u20134\u20132 record, finished in a tie for seventh place in the Big Ten Conference with a 1\u20134\u20132 record against conference opponents, and outscored all opponents by a combined total of 139 to 122.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [38, 38], "content_span": [39, 469]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074044-0001-0000", "contents": "1956 Purdue Boilermakers football team\nNotable players on the 1956 Purdue team include quarterback Len Dawson, fullback Mel Dillard, and end Lamar Lundy.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [38, 38], "content_span": [39, 153]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074044-0002-0000", "contents": "1956 Purdue Boilermakers football team, Pre-season\nOn December 9, 1955, Purdue head coach Stu Holcomb resigned his position and signed a five-year contract as the athletic director at Northwestern. Four days later, Purdue president Frederick L. Hovde announced that Holcomb's top assistant, Jack Mollenkopf, had been signed to a three-year contract as Purdue's head football coach.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 50], "content_span": [51, 381]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074044-0003-0000", "contents": "1956 Purdue Boilermakers football team, Game summaries, Missouri\nIn the first game under head coach Mollenkopf, Purdue defeated Missouri, 16\u20137, before a crowd of 46,455 at Ross\u2013Ade Stadium in Lafayette, Indiana. Purdue halfback Tom Fletcher rushed for 154 yards on 22 carries, including a 35-yard touchdown run. Purdue quarterback Len Dawson completed eight of 17 passes for 118 yards.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 64], "content_span": [65, 385]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074044-0004-0000", "contents": "1956 Purdue Boilermakers football team, Game summaries, Minnesota\nMinnesota defeated Purdue, 21\u201314, before a crowd of 59,314 at Memorial Stadium in Minneapolis. Fullback Dick Borstad scored two Minnesota touchdowns on runs of 23 yards and one yard. Purdue quarterback Len Dawson completed seven of 13 passes for 102 yards and three interceptions. Mel Dillard rushed for 120 yards on 25 carries.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 65], "content_span": [66, 394]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074044-0005-0000", "contents": "1956 Purdue Boilermakers football team, Game summaries, Notre Dame\nPurdue defeated Notre Dame (ranked No. 18 in the AP Poll), 28\u201314, before a crowd of 58,778 at Notre Dame Stadium in South Bend. Purdue back Mel Dillard rushed for 142 yards and two touchdowns on 29 carries.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 66], "content_span": [67, 273]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074044-0006-0000", "contents": "1956 Purdue Boilermakers football team, Game summaries, Wisconsin\nPurdue and Wisconsin played to a 6\u20136 tie before a Dad's Day crowd of 53,094 at Camp Randall Stadium in Madison. Danny Lewis ran 30 yards for a Wisconsin touchdown in the first quarter, and Len Dawson threw a touchdown pass to Lamar Lundy in the second quarter. Neither team converted its extra point.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 65], "content_span": [66, 366]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074044-0007-0000", "contents": "1956 Purdue Boilermakers football team, Game summaries, Iowa\nIowa (ranked No. 12 in the AP Poll) defeated Purdue, 21\u201320, before a crowd of 41,415 at Ross-Ade Stadium in West Lafayette. Purdue quarterback Len Dawson threw two touchdown passes, and Mel Dillard ran for a third. Iowa also scored three touchdowns, with the difference being a missed extra point. Purdue drove into Iowa territory late in the game, but Purdue fumbled at the 25-yard line with a minute and a half remaining in the game.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 60], "content_span": [61, 496]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074044-0008-0000", "contents": "1956 Purdue Boilermakers football team, Game summaries, Illinois\nIllinois and Purdue played to a 7\u20137 tie before a homecoming crowd of 46,166 at Ross\u2013Ade Stadium in West Lafayette.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 64], "content_span": [65, 179]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074044-0009-0000", "contents": "1956 Purdue Boilermakers football team, Game summaries, Michigan State\nMichigan State (ranked No. 4 in the AP Poll) defeated Purdue, 12\u20139, before a crowd of 56,431 at Macklin Stadium in East Lansing. Purdue was a three touchdown underdog without Len Dawson but scored on a touchdown run by Mel Dillard and a safety triggered by Fletcher tackling Martin in the end zone. Michigan State scored two touchdowns, a 27-yard pass from Jim Ninowski to Harold Dukes, and a fumble recovery by Tony Kolodziej in Purdue's end zone.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 70], "content_span": [71, 519]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074044-0010-0000", "contents": "1956 Purdue Boilermakers football team, Game summaries, Northwestern\nNorthwestern defeated Purdue, 14\u20130, before a crowd of 32,000 at Dyche Stadium in Evanston. Northwestern recovered five of seven Purdue fumbles and intercepted three passes. Four of the fumbles were recovered by Al Viola. After the game, Edward Prell wrote in the Chicago Tribune that Northwestern had in 1956 been \"brought back to life by its new 33 year old coach, Ara Parseghian.\"", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 68], "content_span": [69, 451]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074044-0011-0000", "contents": "1956 Purdue Boilermakers football team, Game summaries, Indiana\nIn the annual battle for the Old Oaken Bucket, Purdue defeated Indiana, 39\u201320, at Ross-Ade Stadium in Lafayette, Indiana. In his final college game, Purdue quarterback Len Dawson threw two touchdown passes, both caught by end Lamar Lundy. Mel Dillard rushed for 130 yards (on 24 carries) and three touchdowns in the game and a conference high 873 yards for the season. The game proved to be a battle for last place in the conference, with Purdue finishing in ninth place and Indiana in tenth and last place.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 63], "content_span": [64, 571]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074044-0012-0000", "contents": "1956 Purdue Boilermakers football team, Awards and statistics\nPurdue fullback Mel Dillard was recognized by both the Associated Press and the United Press as a first-team player on the 1956 All-Big Ten Conference football team.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 61], "content_span": [62, 227]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074044-0013-0000", "contents": "1956 Purdue Boilermakers football team, Awards and statistics\nPurdue players led the Big Ten in rushing yards, total offense, and passing yards. Dillard led the conference with 873 rushing yards and 902 yards of total offense. Quarterback Len Dawson led the conference with 856 passing yards. Lamar Lundy ranked fifth in the Big Ten with 248 receiving yards.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 61], "content_span": [62, 358]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074044-0014-0000", "contents": "1956 Purdue Boilermakers football team, 1957 NFL Draft\nThe following Purdue players were among the first 100 picks in the 1957 NFL Draft:", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 54], "content_span": [55, 137]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074045-0000-0000", "contents": "1956 Quebec general election\nThe 1956 Quebec general election was held on June 20, 1956, to elect members of the Legislative Assembly of Quebec, Canada. The incumbent Union Nationale,  led by Maurice Duplessis, won re-election, defeating the Quebec Liberal Party, led by Georges-\u00c9mile Lapalme.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [28, 28], "content_span": [29, 293]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074045-0001-0000", "contents": "1956 Quebec general election\nThis was the fifth and final time (and the fourth in a row) that Duplessis led his party to a general election victory. No party has since been able to win more than three elections in a row. Duplessis died in office in 1959.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [28, 28], "content_span": [29, 254]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074045-0002-0000", "contents": "1956 Quebec general election\nIt was Lapalme's second (and final) loss in a row as Liberal leader. The Liberals did not manage to improve on their performance in the previous 1952 election.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [28, 28], "content_span": [29, 188]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074046-0000-0000", "contents": "1956 Queensland state election\nElections were held in the Australian state of Queensland on 19 May  1956 to elect the 75 members of the state's Legislative Assembly. The Labor government was seeking its ninth continuous term in office since the 1932 election; it would be Vince Gair's second election as Premier.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [30, 30], "content_span": [31, 312]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074046-0001-0000", "contents": "1956 Queensland state election, Results\nQueensland state election, 19 May 1956Legislative Assembly << 1953\u20131957 >>", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 39], "content_span": [40, 114]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074046-0002-0000", "contents": "1956 Queensland state election, Seats changing party representation\nThis table lists changes in party representation at the 1956 election.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 67], "content_span": [68, 138]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074046-0003-0000", "contents": "1956 Queensland state election, Aftermath\nThis was to be Labor's last successful election until the 1989 election. On 18 April 1957, the Queensland Central Executive of the Labor Party passed a vote of no confidence in Premier Gair, and on 24 April, despite having gained a unanimous vote of support from the Cabinet, he was expelled from the Labor Party. On 26 April, Gair convened a meeting of 25 MLAs, including all of the Cabinet except Deputy Premier John Duggan and two ex-Labor Independents, and formed the Queensland Labor Party (QLP) with those present, while the Labor Party moved to the opposition benches. All these were also expelled from the party. The resulting government was denied supply in parliament, and an election was called for 3 August, at which the QLP government and the Labor Party were defeated by the Country-Liberal coalition led by Frank Nicklin.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 41], "content_span": [42, 878]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074047-0000-0000", "contents": "1956 Railway Cup Hurling Championship\nThe 1956 Railway Cup Hurling Championship was the 30th series of the inter-provincial hurling Railway Cup. Three matches were played between 19 February 1956 and 17 March 1956 to decide the title. It was contested by Connacht, Leinster, Munster and Ulster.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [37, 37], "content_span": [38, 294]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074047-0001-0000", "contents": "1956 Railway Cup Hurling Championship\nOn 17 March 1956, Leinster won the Railway Cup after a 5-11 to 1-07 defeat of Munster in the final at Croke Park, Dublin. It was their seventh Railway Cup title overall and their first title since 1954.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [37, 37], "content_span": [38, 240]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074047-0002-0000", "contents": "1956 Railway Cup Hurling Championship\nLeinster's Nicky Rackard was the Railway Cup top scorer with 3-08.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [37, 37], "content_span": [38, 104]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074048-0000-0000", "contents": "1956 Republican National Convention\nThe 1956 Republican National Convention was held by the Republican Party of the United States at the Cow Palace in San Francisco, California,  from August 20 to August 23, 1956. U.S. Senator William F. Knowland was temporary chairman and former speaker of the House Joseph W. Martin Jr. served as permanent chairman. It renominated President Dwight D. Eisenhower and Vice President Richard M. Nixon as the party's candidates for the 1956 presidential election.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [35, 35], "content_span": [36, 496]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074048-0001-0000", "contents": "1956 Republican National Convention\nOn August 23, 1956, singer Nat King Cole spoke at the Republican Convention.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [35, 35], "content_span": [36, 112]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074048-0002-0000", "contents": "1956 Republican National Convention\nThe 1956 Republican convention was held after that year's Democratic National Convention. This was unusual, as since 1864, in every election but 1888, Democrats had held their convention second.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [35, 35], "content_span": [36, 230]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074048-0002-0001", "contents": "1956 Republican National Convention\nIt has become an informal tradition that the party holding the White House (which, accordingly, in 1956 had been the Republican Party) hosts their convention second, but it is unclear when this tradition began (Democrats had held the White House and held their conventions second between 1936 and 1952, but it is unclear whether they scheduled their conventions second in these years because of their White House incumbency, or whether they scheduled them second because it was traditional that Democratic National Conventions had been held after the Republican National Convention).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [35, 35], "content_span": [36, 619]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074048-0003-0000", "contents": "1956 Republican National Convention, The \u2018Joe Smith incident\u2019\nPresident Eisenhower was unanimously re-nominated by the Republican delegates for President of the United States. Such was expected for Vice President Nixon as well, until one renegade delegate, former Democratic Congressman and perennial candidate Terry Carpenter, decided to place in nomination for Vice President a man named Joe Smith, from Carpenter\u2019s own Terrytown, Nebraska. When asked who Joe Smith was at the 1956 convention, Carpenter mysteriously replied, \u201cOh, he is a symbol of an open convention, in that sense of the word.\u201d It was eventually revealed that there was no such man, and that his nomination was a protest against the perceived political theater of the closed 1956 Republican National Convention. He ultimately did cast his one dissenting vote for Vice President for Joe Smith.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 61], "content_span": [62, 863]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074049-0000-0000", "contents": "1956 Republican Party presidential primaries\nFrom March 11 to June 5, 1956, voters of the Republican Party chose its nominee for president in the 1956 United States presidential election. Incumbent President Dwight D. Eisenhower was again selected as the nominee through a series of primary elections and caucuses culminating in the 1956 Republican National Convention held from August 20 to August 23, 1956, in San Francisco, California.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [44, 44], "content_span": [45, 438]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074049-0001-0000", "contents": "1956 Republican Party presidential primaries\nEisenhower sought re-nomination and faced no formidable opposition. He swept the primaries without difficulty. Senator William F. Knowland of California was on the ballot for a number of them. Knowland had announced he would run if Ike would not, and the president announced so late that there was no time for Knowland to withdraw.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [44, 44], "content_span": [45, 376]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074050-0000-0000", "contents": "1956 Rhode Island Rams football team\nThe 1956 Rhode Island Rams football team was an American football team that represented the University of Rhode Island as a member of the Yankee Conference during the 1956 NCAA College Division football season. In its first season under head coach Herb Maack, the team compiled a 2\u20136 record (1\u20134 against conference opponents), finished in sixth/last place out of six teams in the Yankee Conference, and was outscored by a total of 235 to 87. The team played its home games at Meade Stadium in Kingston, Rhode Island.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [36, 36], "content_span": [37, 553]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074051-0000-0000", "contents": "1956 Rhode Island gubernatorial election\nThe 1956 Rhode Island gubernatorial election was held on November 6, 1956. Incumbent Democrat Dennis J. Roberts defeated Republican nominee Christopher Del Sesto with 50.09% of the vote.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [40, 40], "content_span": [41, 227]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074052-0000-0000", "contents": "1956 Riccarton by-election\nThe Riccarton by-election 1956 was a by-election held in the Riccarton electorate in Christchurch during the term of the 31st New Zealand Parliament following the death of the Labour Party incumbent. The by-election, held on 27 October 1956, was won by Mick Connelly, also of the Labour Party.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [26, 26], "content_span": [27, 320]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074052-0001-0000", "contents": "1956 Riccarton by-election, Background\nThe by-election was caused by the death of incumbent MP Angus McLagan of the Labour Party on 4 September 1956. McLagan, who had represented the electorate since 1946, was hospitalised in early August 1956 suffering from a chest ailment before dying several weeks later.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [28, 38], "content_span": [39, 308]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074052-0002-0000", "contents": "1956 Riccarton by-election, Candidates\nSeveral names were put forward as potential nominees for the Labour Party candidacy:", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [28, 38], "content_span": [39, 123]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074052-0003-0000", "contents": "1956 Riccarton by-election, Candidates\nThe Labour Party selected Mick Connelly as its candidate. He was the son of MLC Michael Connelly. McGuigan declined nomination, citing personal reasons, and Kirk withdrew from the selection contest prior to the selection meeting. Rotorua MP Ray Boord spoke at public meetings in Connelly's support.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [28, 38], "content_span": [39, 337]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074052-0004-0000", "contents": "1956 Riccarton by-election, Candidates\nBalfour Grieve Dingwall was chosen as the National Party's candidate. He had contested the electorate previously at the 1954 general election. Bill Sullivan, the Minister of Labour, made several speeches in Dingwall's support.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [28, 38], "content_span": [39, 265]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074052-0005-0000", "contents": "1956 Riccarton by-election, Candidates\nFounder of the Social Credit Party Wilfrid Owen contested the by-election. In the previous election he had contested the nearby seat of Lyttelton. His campaign focused on the plea that Social Credit needed a voice in parliament and targeted Labour voters to support him in the by-election given the result could not change the government. Former Labour MP, turned Social Credit activist Frank Langstone spoke at hustings in support of Owen.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [28, 38], "content_span": [39, 479]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074052-0006-0000", "contents": "1956 Riccarton by-election, Candidates\nErnest Yealands representing a splinter group of the Social Credit Party contested the seat against Owen, where he was expected to draw away \"a few hundred votes from his one-time leader\". Additionally Richard Israel Charles Grenfell had initially chosen to contest the seat as an independent, but withdrew. However, his decision to withdraw came after the ballot papers were printed.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [28, 38], "content_span": [39, 423]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074052-0007-0000", "contents": "1956 Riccarton by-election, Campaign\nA prominent issue in the by-election was the question of state-aid to private schools. Connelly and Dingwall opposed the notion, Yealands supported it while Owen sidestepped the issue stating that under Social Credit state-aid would not be necessary. There was also a hotly argued debate between the supporters of Connelly and Owen over whether Labour's first Prime Minister Michael Joseph Savage was a social crediter. The debate spilled over into newspapers, filling correspondence columns and letters to editors for over a week.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [28, 36], "content_span": [37, 568]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074052-0008-0000", "contents": "1956 Riccarton by-election, Results\nConnolly was re-elected at the subsequent general election confirming him as the MP. He would represent it until 1969 when he transferred to the neighbouring Wigram electorate.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [28, 35], "content_span": [36, 212]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074053-0000-0000", "contents": "1956 Rice Owls football team\nThe 1956 Rice Owls football team represented Rice University during the 1956 NCAA University Division football season. The Owls were led by 17th-year head coach Jess Neely and played their home games at Rice Stadium in Houston, Texas. They competed as members of the Southwest Conference, finishing in sixth.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [28, 28], "content_span": [29, 337]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074054-0000-0000", "contents": "1956 Roller Hockey World Cup\nThe 1956 Roller Hockey World Cup was the twelfth roller hockey world cup, organized by the F\u00e9d\u00e9ration Internationale de Patinage a Roulettes (now under the name of F\u00e9d\u00e9ration Internationale de Roller Sports). It was contested by 11 national teams (10 from Europe and 1 from South America) and it is also considered the 1956 European Roller Hockey Championship (despite the presence of Brazil). All the games were played in the city of Porto, in Portugal, the chosen city to host the World Cup.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [28, 28], "content_span": [29, 522]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074055-0000-0000", "contents": "1956 Rose Bowl\nThe 1956 Rose Bowl was the 42nd edition of the college football bowl game, played at the Rose Bowl in Pasadena, California, on Monday, January 2. The Michigan State Spartans of the Big Ten Conference defeated the UCLA Bruins of the Pacific Coast Conference, 17\u201314. Michigan State halfback Walt Kowalczyk was named the Player of the Game.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [14, 14], "content_span": [15, 352]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074055-0001-0000", "contents": "1956 Rose Bowl\nThe game featured two of the most racially integrated college football teams of the day, with six African American players for the Bruins and seven for the Spartans. This stood in stark contrast to the Sugar Bowl, where there was controversy over whether Bobby Grier from Pitt should be allowed to play and whether Georgia Tech should even play at all, due to Georgia governor Marvin Griffin's opposition to integration. Only one month previous, Rosa Parks made her famous protest in the Montgomery bus boycott. The 1956 Rose Bowl has the highest TV rating of all college bowl games, watched by 41.1% of all people in the US with TV sets.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [14, 14], "content_span": [15, 653]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074055-0002-0000", "contents": "1956 Rose Bowl\nAs New Year's Day fell on a Sunday in 1956, the bowl games were played the following day.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [14, 14], "content_span": [15, 104]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074055-0003-0000", "contents": "1956 Rose Bowl, Teams, Michigan State College Spartans\nThe Ohio State Buckeyes were the undefeated Big Ten conference champions. However, Ohio State would not be invited to the Rose Bowl because of the no-repeat rule in the Big Ten conference. This left Michigan State to be accepted. Ohio State was ranked fourth with a 7\u20132 record, and Michigan State was second with a 9\u20131 record. The teams did not play each other during the regular season. Michigan State opened with a 20\u201313 win at Indiana, but fell to in-state rival Michigan 14\u20137, their only setback of the season. They won 38\u201314 over then-#20 Stanford, and defeated then-#4 Notre Dame 21\u20137. The Spartans did not play Northwestern, Iowa, or Ohio State. The Buckeyes' two losses were out of conference, to Duke (20\u201314) and Stanford (6\u20130).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [16, 54], "content_span": [55, 792]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074055-0004-0000", "contents": "1956 Rose Bowl, Teams, UCLA Bruins\nUCLA was the defending national champion after an undefeated season in 1954. The Bruins began the 1955 season ranked number one. In a showdown at #5 Maryland, the Bruins lost 0\u20137 to the Terrapins. A 38\u20130 win over Oregon State ultimately proved to be the game for the conference championship. The Bruins won the rest of their regular season games, including a 21\u201313 win over Stanford. With the Pacific Coast conference championship already won, the Bruins won their third straight rivalry game over USC 17\u20137.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [16, 34], "content_span": [35, 542]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074055-0005-0000", "contents": "1956 Rose Bowl, Pre-game activities\nIn a Sports Illustrated article preceding the 1956 Rose Bowl, UCLA head coach Red Sanders was quoted as saying \"Sure, winning isn't every thing, It's the only thing.\" Coaches Duffy Daugherty and Red Sanders appeared on The Jack Benny Program \"New Years Day\" 1956 episode on Sunday, January 1, 1956, preceding the game to be played the next day.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [16, 35], "content_span": [36, 380]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074055-0006-0000", "contents": "1956 Rose Bowl, Game summary\nThis was the second meeting between the two schools, the first was a 28\u201320 victory for the Spartans two years earlier in the 1954 Rose Bowl. The Spartans wore their green home jerseys and the Bruins wore their white road jerseys.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [16, 28], "content_span": [29, 258]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074055-0007-0000", "contents": "1956 Rose Bowl, Game summary\nOn the first play from scrimmage, Jim Decker of UCLA intercepted a pass from Michigan State quarterback Earl Morrall, and returned four yards to the MSU 16-yard line. Four plays later, Bob Davenport scored on a two-yard run over left guard to give the Bruins a 7\u20130 lead.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [16, 28], "content_span": [29, 299]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074055-0008-0000", "contents": "1956 Rose Bowl, Game summary\nMidway through the second quarter, Michigan State put together an 11-play, 80-yard drive to pull even at seven; Walt Kowalczyk's 30-yard run to the UCLA 17 set up Morrall's 13-yard touchdown toss to Clarence Peaks. There was no additional scoring through the third quarter.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [16, 28], "content_span": [29, 302]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074055-0009-0000", "contents": "1956 Rose Bowl, Game summary\nOn the second play of the fourth quarter, the Spartans took their first lead at 14\u20137 on Peaks\u2019 67-yard touchdown pass to John Lewis, who caught the ball on the 50 and took it the distance. Five minutes later, The UCLA Bruin passing game produced a big play as UCLA quarterback Ronnie Knox connected with Jim Decker with a 47-yard pass play to the Spartan 7-yard line. Three plays later, Doug Peters scored on a one-yard plunge at center. Morrall directed an 11-play, 59-yard drive to the UCLA 24, but Gerald Planutis missed a 41-yard field-goal attempt.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [16, 28], "content_span": [29, 582]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074055-0010-0000", "contents": "1956 Rose Bowl, Game summary\nFive penalties were called in the closing minutes and field position shifted in Michigan State's favor when UCLA was whistled for three-straight penalties. UCLA was called for an intentional grounding infraction which pushed the ball back to its own one-yard line; a punt gave the Spartans the ball at the UCLA 40-yard line. The Bruins were cited for interference with the kick returner on the punt play, which put the ball at the Bruin 19-yard line. Replacing Planutis as placekicker, Dave Kaiser of Michigan State converted his first career field-goal attempt, a 41-yard kick, with seven seconds remaining in the game to give the Spartans a 17\u201314 win.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [16, 28], "content_span": [29, 682]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074055-0011-0000", "contents": "1956 Rose Bowl, Aftermath\nAlthough it was UCLA penalties in the final minutes that gave field position to Michigan State, the Spartans' 98 yards given up on 10 penalties are a Rose Bowl game record as of 2008. The Spartans were named National Champions by the Boand System. Oklahoma would be named National champion by all the other organizations. In the 1956 Orange Bowl, the #1 Oklahoma Sooners defeated the #3 Maryland Terrapins 20\u20136 in a battle of undefeated teams. The Sugar Bowl was the last bowl game to be integrated. The Cotton Bowl, Orange Bowl, and Sugar Bowl were not integrated until 1948, 1955, and 1956 respectively.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [16, 25], "content_span": [26, 631]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074056-0000-0000", "contents": "1956 Round Australia Trial (Ampol)\nThe 1956 Round Australia Trial, officially the Ampol Trial was the fourth running of the Round Australia Trial. The rally took place between 15 and 29 July 1956. The event covered 10,460 kilometres around Australia. It was won by Wilfred Murrell and Allan Taylor, driving a Peugeot 403.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [34, 34], "content_span": [35, 321]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074057-0000-0000", "contents": "1956 Round Australia Trial (Mobilgas)\nThe 1956 Round Australia Trial, officially the Mobilgas Trial was the fifth running of the Round Australia Trial. The rally took place between 4 and 19 August 1956. The event covered 13,680 kilometres around Australia. It was won by Eddie Perkins and Lance Perkins, driving a Volkswagen 1200.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [37, 37], "content_span": [38, 330]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074058-0000-0000", "contents": "1956 Rutgers Scarlet Knights football team\nThe 1956 Rutgers Scarlet Knights football team represented Rutgers University in the 1956 NCAA University Division football season. In their first season under head coach John Stiegman, the Scarlet Knights compiled a 3\u20137 record and were outscored by their opponents 240 to 117. The team's statistical leaders included William Gatyas with 450 passing yards, Billy Austin 380 rushing yards and Jay Hunton with 408 receiving yards.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 42], "section_span": [42, 42], "content_span": [43, 471]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074059-0000-0000", "contents": "1956 SANFL Grand Final\nThe 1956 SANFL Grand Final was an Australian rules football competition. Port Adelaide beat West Adelaide 81 to 65.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [22, 22], "content_span": [23, 138]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074060-0000-0000", "contents": "1956 SANFL season\nThe 1956 South Australian National Football League season was the 77th season of the top-level Australian rules football competition in South Australia.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [17, 17], "content_span": [18, 170]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074061-0000-0000", "contents": "1956 SCCA National Sports Car Championship\nThe 1956 SCCA National Sports Car Championship season was the sixth season of the Sports Car Club of America's National Sports Car Championship. It began March 10, 1956, and ended November 4, 1956, after eleven races.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 42], "section_span": [42, 42], "content_span": [43, 260]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074062-0000-0000", "contents": "1956 Sacramento State Hornets football team\nThe 1956 Sacramento State Hornets football team represented Sacramento State College during the 1956 NCAA College Division football season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 43], "section_span": [43, 43], "content_span": [44, 183]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074062-0001-0000", "contents": "1956 Sacramento State Hornets football team\nSacramento State competed in the Far Western Conference (FWC). The Hornets were led by third-year head coach Dave Strong. They played home games at Charles C. Hughes Stadium in Sacramento, California. The team finished the season with a record of three wins, five losses and one tie (3\u20135\u20131, 1\u20134 FWC). For the season the team was outscored by its opponents 128\u2013178.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 43], "section_span": [43, 43], "content_span": [44, 408]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074062-0002-0000", "contents": "1956 Sacramento State Hornets football team, Team players in the NFL\nNo Sacramento State players were selected in the 1957 NFL Draft.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 43], "section_span": [45, 68], "content_span": [69, 133]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074063-0000-0000", "contents": "1956 Sagaing earthquake\nThe 1956 Sagaing earthquake occurred on July 16, 1956, at 15:07 UTC. The earthquake was located near Sagaing, Burma. This earthquake had a magnitude of Mw 7.1.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [23, 23], "content_span": [24, 183]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074063-0001-0000", "contents": "1956 Sagaing earthquake\nThirty-eight people died because of the earthquake. Several pagodas, including the Mingun Pagoda, were severely damaged. The earthquake was close to the Shan-Sagaing Fault. However, the focal mechanism remains undetermined. The intensity reached MM VIII to MM IX near the epicenter.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [23, 23], "content_span": [24, 306]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074064-0000-0000", "contents": "1956 Salvadoran legislative election\nLegislative elections were held in El Salvador on 15 May 1956. The result was a victory for the Revolutionary Party of Democratic Unification, which won all 54 seats.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [36, 36], "content_span": [37, 203]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074065-0000-0000", "contents": "1956 Salvadoran presidential election\nPresidential elections were held in El Salvador on 4 March 1956. The result was a victory for Jos\u00e9 Mar\u00eda Lemus of the Revolutionary Party of Democratic Unification, who received 95.2% of the vote.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [37, 37], "content_span": [38, 234]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074065-0001-0000", "contents": "1956 Salvadoran presidential election\nThe Central Electoral Council had disqualified the candidacies of Jos\u00e9 Alberto Funes (Democratic Institutional Party), Roberto Edmundo Cannessa (National Action Party) and Jos\u00e9 Alvaro D\u00edaz (Nationalist Democratic Party). It also forbade Rafael Carranza Anaya (Authentic Constitutional Party) and Enrique Maga\u00f1a Men\u00e9ndez (Renovating Action Party) from withdrawing their candidacies; nevertheless, the latter two boycotted the elections.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [37, 37], "content_span": [38, 473]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074066-0000-0000", "contents": "1956 San Diego State Aztecs football team\nThe 1956 San Diego State Aztecs football team represented San Diego State College during the 1956 NCAA College Division football season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 41], "section_span": [41, 41], "content_span": [42, 178]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074066-0001-0000", "contents": "1956 San Diego State Aztecs football team\nSan Diego State competed in the California Collegiate Athletic Association (CCAA). The team was led by head coach Paul Governali, in his first year, and played home games at both Aztec Bowl and Balboa Stadium. They finished the season with four wins, three losses and two ties (4\u20133\u20132, 2\u20131 CCAA).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 41], "section_span": [41, 41], "content_span": [42, 337]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074066-0002-0000", "contents": "1956 San Diego State Aztecs football team, Team players in the NFL\nNo San Diego State players were selected in the 1957 NFL Draft.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 41], "section_span": [43, 66], "content_span": [67, 130]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074067-0000-0000", "contents": "1956 San Francisco 49ers season\nThe 1956 San Francisco 49ers season was the team's seventh season in the National Football League (NFL), and was coming off a 4\u20138\u20130 record, finishing in 5th place in the Western Conference.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [31, 31], "content_span": [32, 221]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074067-0001-0000", "contents": "1956 San Francisco 49ers season\nSan Francisco brought in a new head coach for the second straight season, as Red Strader was replaced with former 49ers quarterback Frankie Albert, who played with the team from their AAFC days in 1946 until 1952.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [31, 31], "content_span": [32, 245]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074067-0002-0000", "contents": "1956 San Francisco 49ers season\nThe Niners got off to a rough start, winning only 1 of their first 7 games to sit in last place in the Western Conference. San Francisco went unbeaten in their final 5 games, and finished the year with a 5\u20136\u20131, and in 3rd place in the Conference.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [31, 31], "content_span": [32, 278]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074067-0003-0000", "contents": "1956 San Francisco 49ers season\nOffensively, Y. A. Tittle threw for a team-high 1,641 yards and 7 touchdowns, and had 56.9% of his passes completed. Hugh McElhenny rushed for a team-best 916 yards and 8 touchdowns, while Billy Wilson caught a club-high 60 receptions for 889 yards, along with 5 touchdowns. Bob St. Clair blocked ten Field Goal attempts.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [31, 31], "content_span": [32, 353]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074067-0004-0000", "contents": "1956 San Francisco 49ers season, Regular season, Standings\nNote: Tie games were not officially counted in the standings until 1972.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 58], "content_span": [59, 131]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074068-0000-0000", "contents": "1956 San Francisco State Gators football team\nThe 1956 San Francisco State Gators football team represented San Francisco State College during the 1956 NCAA College Division football season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 45], "section_span": [45, 45], "content_span": [46, 190]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074068-0001-0000", "contents": "1956 San Francisco State Gators football team\nSan Francisco State competed in the Far Western Conference (FWC). The Gators were led by 7th-year head coach Joe Verducci. They played home games at Cox Stadium in San Francisco, California. The team finished the season as co-champion of the FWC, with a record of five wins and five losses (5\u20135, 4\u20131 FWC). For the season the team was outscored by its opponents 168\u2013177.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 45], "section_span": [45, 45], "content_span": [46, 415]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074068-0002-0000", "contents": "1956 San Francisco State Gators football team, Team players in the NFL\nNo San Francisco State players were selected in the 1957 NFL Draft.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 45], "section_span": [47, 70], "content_span": [71, 138]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074069-0000-0000", "contents": "1956 San Jose State Spartans football team\nThe 1956 San Jose State Spartans football team represented San Jose State College during the 1956 NCAA University Division football season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 42], "section_span": [42, 42], "content_span": [43, 182]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074069-0001-0000", "contents": "1956 San Jose State Spartans football team\nSan Jose State played as an Independent in 1956. The team was led by seventh-year head coach Bob Bronzan, and played home games at Spartan Stadium in San Jose, California. The Spartans finished the 1956 season with a record of two wins, seven losses and one tie (2\u20137\u20131). Overall, the team was outscored by its opponents 186\u2013301 for the season. This was the last season under Coach Bronzan, finishing his San Jose State career with a record of 32\u201330\u20135, a winning percentage of .515.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 42], "section_span": [42, 42], "content_span": [43, 524]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074069-0002-0000", "contents": "1956 San Jose State Spartans football team, Team players in the NFL\nThe following San Jose State players were selected in the 1957 NFL Draft.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 42], "section_span": [44, 67], "content_span": [68, 141]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074070-0000-0000", "contents": "1956 Santa Barbara Gauchos football team\nThe 1956 UC Santa Barbara Gauchos football team represented Santa Barbara College during the 1956 NCAA College Division football season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [40, 40], "content_span": [41, 177]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074070-0001-0000", "contents": "1956 Santa Barbara Gauchos football team\nSanta Barbara competed in the California Collegiate Athletic Association (CCAA). The team was led by first-year head coach Ed Cody, and played home games at La Playa Stadium in Santa Barbara, California. They finished the season with a record of five wins and five losses (5\u20135, 1\u20131 CCAA). At the end of the season, but Gauchos accepted an invitation to play in a charity bowl game. The game was the first and only Citricado Bowl, played at Escondido High School in Escondido, California against a military team from Marine Corps Recruit Depot San Diego.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [40, 40], "content_span": [41, 594]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074070-0002-0000", "contents": "1956 Santa Barbara Gauchos football team, Team players in the NFL\nNo Santa Barbara Gaucho players were selected in the 1957 NFL Draft.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [42, 65], "content_span": [66, 134]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074071-0000-0000", "contents": "1956 Santiago rail crash\nThe 1956 Santiago rail crash occurred on February 14, 1956, at 4:00\u00a0a.m. near the Chilean capital Santiago on the branch to Cartagena and killed 23 people.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [24, 24], "content_span": [25, 180]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074071-0001-0000", "contents": "1956 Santiago rail crash\nTwo trains left the capital twelve minutes apart. Seven kilometres into their journeys, the second train ran into the back of the first; destroying a wooden, third-class carriage. 23 people were killed and 198 injured. President Carlos Ib\u00e1\u00f1ez del Campo ordered an immediate enquiry; the driver of the rear train was found to be at fault.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [24, 24], "content_span": [25, 362]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074071-0002-0000", "contents": "1956 Santiago rail crash\nThe accident happened just seven months after a very similar accident at San Bernardo twenty kilometers south of the city killed 38 people.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [24, 24], "content_span": [25, 164]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074072-0000-0000", "contents": "1956 Santos FC season\nThe 1956 season was the forty-fifth season for Santos FC.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [21, 21], "content_span": [22, 79]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074073-0000-0000", "contents": "1956 Saskatchewan general election\nThe 1956 Saskatchewan general election was held on June 20, 1956, to elect members of the Legislative Assembly of Saskatchewan.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [34, 34], "content_span": [35, 162]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074073-0001-0000", "contents": "1956 Saskatchewan general election, The campaign\nThe Co-operative Commonwealth Federation government of Tommy Douglas lost a significant share of the popular vote, and 6 of the seats it had won in the 1952 election; but retained its majority in the legislature, winning a fourth term in office.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [36, 48], "content_span": [49, 294]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074073-0002-0000", "contents": "1956 Saskatchewan general election, The campaign\nThe Liberal Party of Alexander H. McDonald also lost votes, but picked up an additional three seats.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [36, 48], "content_span": [49, 149]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074073-0003-0000", "contents": "1956 Saskatchewan general election, The campaign\nThe Social Credit Party of Saskatchewan rebounded from its poor results in previous elections to win over 21% of the popular vote. Because this was spread out across the province, however, the party won only 3 seats in the legislature under the British parliamentary first-past-the-post system.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [36, 48], "content_span": [49, 343]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074074-0000-0000", "contents": "1956 Scottish Airlines Malta air disaster\nThe 1956 Scottish Airlines Malta air disaster was an air accident that happened on 18 February 1956. A Scottish Airlines Avro York crashed after takeoff from RAF Luqa in Malta on a trooping flight from the Suez Canal Zone to London Stansted Airport. The disaster killed all 50 passengers and crew on board the aircraft; all passengers except one (a British Army private) were Royal Air Force personnel.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 41], "section_span": [41, 41], "content_span": [42, 444]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074074-0001-0000", "contents": "1956 Scottish Airlines Malta air disaster, Accident\nThe accident happened on 18 February 1956 when the Avro York, registration G-ANSY, took off from Malta International Airport at 12:21 UTC time on a flight to London Stansted Airport with 45 passengers and five crew aboard. Shortly after becoming airborne, the boost enrichment capsule in the carburetor of the number one engine failed, and the engine caught fire. The pilots failed to feather the propeller as the aircraft slowly climbed to 700\u2013800 feet; they then made a left turn to return to the airport. Shortly after retracting the flaps, the aircraft went into a nose-up attitude at very low speed. This resulted in a stall, which caused the aircraft to enter an unrecoverable dive. It crashed into the ground near Zurrieq, Malta, killing all 50 passengers and crew on board.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 41], "section_span": [43, 51], "content_span": [52, 833]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074074-0002-0000", "contents": "1956 Scottish Airlines Malta air disaster, Cause\nThe reported mechanical cause was failure of the number one engine. However, this was compounded by a loss of speed and consequent loss of control through pilot error.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 41], "section_span": [43, 48], "content_span": [49, 216]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074074-0003-0000", "contents": "1956 Scottish Airlines Malta air disaster, Memorials\nThere is memorial at the National Memorial Arboretum a British site of national remembrance at Alrewas, near Lichfield, Staffordshire. Near the place of crash at town \u017burrieq in the Southern Region of Malta  there is memorial monument in Il-Gibjun Gardens.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 41], "section_span": [43, 52], "content_span": [53, 309]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074075-0000-0000", "contents": "1956 Scottish Cup Final\nThe 1956 Scottish Cup Final in association football was played on 21 April 1956 at Hampden Park in Glasgow and was the final of the 71st staging of the Scottish Cup. Hearts and Celtic contested the match. The match was won 3-1 by Hearts.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [23, 23], "content_span": [24, 261]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074076-0000-0000", "contents": "1956 Scottish League Cup Final\nThe 1956 Scottish League Cup Final was played on 27 October 1956 and replayed on 31 October 1956. Both matches were played at Hampden Park in Glasgow and it was the final of the 11th Scottish League Cup competition. The final was contested by Celtic and Partick Thistle. The first match ended in a goalless draw, necessitating the reply. Celtic won the replay match 3\u20130, thanks to a goal by Bobby Collins and two goals by John McPhail.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [30, 30], "content_span": [31, 466]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074077-0000-0000", "contents": "1956 Segunda Divisi\u00f3n Peruana\nThe 1956 Segunda Divisi\u00f3n Peruana, the second division of Peruvian football (soccer), was played by 10 teams. The tournament winner, Porvenir Miraflores was promoted to the Primera Divisi\u00f3n Peruana 1957.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [29, 29], "content_span": [30, 233]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074078-0000-0000", "contents": "1956 Segunda Divisi\u00f3n de Chile\nThe 1956 Segunda Divisi\u00f3n de Chile was the fifth season of the Segunda Divisi\u00f3n de Chile.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [30, 30], "content_span": [31, 120]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074079-0000-0000", "contents": "1956 Six Hour Le Mans\nThe 1956 Six Hour Le Mans was an endurance motor race for Closed Production Cars and Sports Cars. The event was held at the Caversham Airfield in Western Australia on 20 May 1956, utilizing the \"Triangle\" circuit. It was the second Six Hour Le Mans race to be held in Western Australia. The race was scheduled to be run on 13 May but was postponed until 20 May.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [21, 21], "content_span": [22, 383]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074079-0001-0000", "contents": "1956 Six Hour Le Mans\nThe race was won by Sydney Anderson and Sid Taylor driving an Austin-Healey 100.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [21, 21], "content_span": [22, 102]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074079-0002-0000", "contents": "1956 Six Hour Le Mans, Results\nThe Teams Prize was awarded to the Diesel Motors Renault Team which comprised cars No 2 and the No 3 competing in the under 750cc class.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [23, 30], "content_span": [31, 167]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074080-0000-0000", "contents": "1956 Small Club World Cup\nThe 1956 Small Club World Cup was the fifth edition of the Small Club World Cup, a tournament held in Venezuela between 1952 and 1957, and in 1963 and in 1965. It was played by four participants, 3 from Europe and 1 from South America in double round robin format, and featured players like Alfredo Di St\u00e9fano, H\u00e9ctor Rial, Francisco Gento, Miguel Mu\u00f1oz for Real Madrid, Uruguayan Alcides Ghiggia for Roma, Vav\u00e1 for Vasco da Gama, Hern\u00e2ni Silva, and Virg\u00edlio Mendes for Porto. This was Di St\u00e9fano's second participation and trophy and his first with Real Madrid.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [25, 25], "content_span": [26, 588]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074080-0001-0000", "contents": "1956 Small Club World Cup\nReal Madrid crowned champion of the competition, achieving their second Small World Cup trophy, while Argentine Alfredo Di St\u00e9fano and Brazilians Vav\u00e1 and Sabar\u00e1, were the topscorers with 4 goals each.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [25, 25], "content_span": [26, 227]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074081-0000-0000", "contents": "1956 South Africa rugby union tour of Australia and New Zealand\nThe 1956 South Africa rugby union tour of Australia and New Zealand, more commonly known in New Zealand as the 1956 Springboks tour was a series of rugby union matches played by South Africa in Australia and New Zealand. The Springboks won 21 matches of 29, drew 1, and lost 7. They played 6 Test matches, with two victories over Australia and one over New Zealand. The New Zealand leg of their trip was the primary focus of the tour\u201423 of their 29 matches were in New Zealand, which included a four Test match series against New Zealand.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 63], "section_span": [63, 63], "content_span": [64, 602]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074082-0000-0000", "contents": "1956 South American Basketball Championship for Women\nThe 1956 South American Basketball Championship for Women was the 6th regional tournament for women in South America. It was held in Quito, Ecuador and won by Chile. Seven teams competed.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 53], "section_span": [53, 53], "content_span": [54, 241]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074082-0001-0000", "contents": "1956 South American Basketball Championship for Women, Results\nEach team played the other teams once, for a total of four games played by each team.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 53], "section_span": [55, 62], "content_span": [63, 148]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074083-0000-0000", "contents": "1956 South American Championship\nSouth American Championship 1956 was a football tournament held in Uruguay, who won it. Chile were runners-up. Bolivia, Colombia, and Ecuador withdrew from the tournament. Enrique Hormaz\u00e1bal from Chile became top scorer of the tournament with 4 goals.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [32, 32], "content_span": [33, 284]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074083-0001-0000", "contents": "1956 South American Championship, Goalscorers\nA total of 26 different players scored 38 goals in the tournament. None of the goals are credited as own goal.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 45], "content_span": [46, 156]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074084-0000-0000", "contents": "1956 South American Championship squads\nThese are the squads for the countries that played in the 1956 South American Championship. The participating countries were Argentina, Brazil, Chile, Paraguay, Peru and Uruguay.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [39, 39], "content_span": [40, 218]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074085-0000-0000", "contents": "1956 South American Championships in Athletics\nThe 1956 South American Championships in Athletics  were held in the Chilean capital, Santiago, between 14 and 22 April.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 46], "section_span": [46, 46], "content_span": [47, 167]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074086-0000-0000", "contents": "1956 South Australian state election\nState elections were held in South Australia on 3 March 1956. All 39 seats in the South Australian House of Assembly were up for election. The incumbent Liberal and Country League led by Premier of South Australia Thomas Playford IV defeated the Australian Labor Party led by Leader of the Opposition Mick O'Halloran.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [36, 36], "content_span": [37, 354]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074086-0001-0000", "contents": "1956 South Australian state election\nA redistribution occurred in 1955 based upon the results of the census held in June 1954.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [36, 36], "content_span": [37, 126]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074086-0002-0000", "contents": "1956 South Australian state election, Background\nLabor won one seat, rural Murray from the LCL. The LCL won two seats, rural Wallaroo from Labor and rural Chaffey from an independent. An independent won one seat, rural Burra from the LCL.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 48], "content_span": [49, 238]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074086-0003-0000", "contents": "1956 South Australian state election, Results\nSouth Australian state election, 3 March 1956House of Assembly << 1953\u20131959 >>", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 45], "content_span": [46, 124]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074087-0000-0000", "contents": "1956 South Carolina Gamecocks football team\nThe 1956 South Carolina Gamecocks football team represented the University of South Carolina in the Atlantic Coast Conference in the 1956 NCAA University Division football season. The Gamecocks finished the season 7\u20133 overall.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 43], "section_span": [43, 43], "content_span": [44, 270]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074088-0000-0000", "contents": "1956 South Dakota Coyotes football team\nThe 1956 South Dakota Coyotes football team was an American football team that represented the University of South Dakota in the North Central Conference (NCC) during the 1956 NCAA College Division football season. In its first season under head coach Ralph Stewart, the team compiled a 4\u20134 record (4\u20132 against NCC opponents), tied for second place out of seven teams in the NCC, and was outscored by a total of 146 to 140. The team played its home games at Inman Field in Vermillion, South Dakota.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [39, 39], "content_span": [40, 538]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074089-0000-0000", "contents": "1956 South Dakota State Jackrabbits football team\nThe 1956 South Dakota State Jackrabbits football team was an American football team that represented South Dakota State University in the North Central Conference during the 1956 NCAA College Division football season. In its tenth season under head coach Ralph Ginn, the team compiled a 4\u20135 record, finished in a tie for fourth place out of seven teams in the NCC, and was outscored by a total of 212 to 137.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 49], "section_span": [49, 49], "content_span": [50, 458]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074090-0000-0000", "contents": "1956 South Dakota gubernatorial election\nThe 1956 South Dakota gubernatorial election was held on November 6, 1956.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [40, 40], "content_span": [41, 115]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074090-0001-0000", "contents": "1956 South Dakota gubernatorial election\nIncumbent Republican Governor Joe Foss defeated Democratic nominee Ralph Herseth with 54.39% of the vote.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [40, 40], "content_span": [41, 146]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074091-0000-0000", "contents": "1956 South Korean local elections\nElections were held in South Korea on 8 August 1956 for city, town and township mayors and councilors and on 13 August 1956 for special city and provincial councilors. A total of six city mayors, 30 town mayors, 544 township mayors, 416 city councilors, 990 town councilors, 15,548 township councilors, 47 special city councilors, and 390 provincial councilors were elected.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [33, 33], "content_span": [34, 408]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074091-0001-0000", "contents": "1956 South Korean local elections, City, town and township elections\nElections for city, town and township mayors and councilors were held on 8 August 1956.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 68], "content_span": [69, 156]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074091-0002-0000", "contents": "1956 South Korean local elections, Special city and provincial elections\nElections for special city and provincial councilors were held on 13 August 1956.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 72], "content_span": [73, 154]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074092-0000-0000", "contents": "1956 South Korean presidential election\nPresidential and vice-presidential elections were held in South Korea on 15 May 1956. The result was a victory for Syngman Rhee, who won 70.0% of the vote. Voter turnout was 94.4%.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [39, 39], "content_span": [40, 220]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074092-0001-0000", "contents": "1956 South Korean presidential election\nRhee, who at that time held a virtual monopoly on political power, was opposed by Shin Ik-hee and Cho Bong-am. Shin died before the election by disease, and Cho campaigned on a platform of peaceful reunification in opposition to Rhee's policy of \"March North and unify Korea\". Cho exceeded expectations by receiving over 30% of the vote. Three years later, Cho was accused of violating the National Security Law and executed.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [39, 39], "content_span": [40, 465]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074093-0000-0000", "contents": "1956 South Pacific Championship for Racing Cars\nThe 1956 South Pacific Championship for Racing Cars was a motor race  staged at the Gnoo Blas Motor Racing Circuit, near Orange in New South Wales, Australia, on Monday, 30 January 1956. The race was contested over 27 laps, a total distance of 100 miles. It was the feature race at the South Pacific Road Racing Championships meeting, which was organised by the Australian Sporting Car Club in conjunction with the Orange Cherry Blossom Car Racing Committee.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 47], "section_span": [47, 47], "content_span": [48, 506]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074093-0001-0000", "contents": "1956 South Pacific Championship for Racing Cars\nThe race was won by Reg Hunt driving a Maserati 250F.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 47], "section_span": [47, 47], "content_span": [48, 101]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074094-0000-0000", "contents": "1956 South Vietnamese Constitutional Assembly election\nConstitutional Assembly elections were held in South Vietnam on 4 March 1956. A total of 431 candidates contested the 123 seats from all five registered pro-government political parties, with 11 elected as pro-government independents. Due to President Diem's policy of repression against the opposition and rigid control of the elections in order to prevent infiltration of Viet Cong communist elements, no opposition candidates were allowed to stand. Two deputies were not permitted to take seats due to electoral violations, making the total number of deputies seated at 121. On 26 October the body was transformed into the National Assembly after the new constitution came into effect.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 54], "section_span": [54, 54], "content_span": [55, 743]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074095-0000-0000", "contents": "1956 Southern 500\nThe 1956 Southern 500, the seventh running of the event, was a NASCAR Grand National Series event that was held on September 3rd, 1956, at Darlington Raceway in Darlington, South Carolina.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [17, 17], "content_span": [18, 206]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074095-0001-0000", "contents": "1956 Southern 500\nThis race was considered to be the \"Labor Day Classic\" for 1956; complete with a pre-race beauty pageant with a judging panel led by Fonty Flock for the title of Ms. Southern 500 (won by 19 year old Robin Williams of South Carolina) and a parade down the front stretch of the race track.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [17, 17], "content_span": [18, 305]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074095-0002-0000", "contents": "1956 Southern 500\nBy the 1990s, NASCAR's top-level series became a media circus that only races at facilities that are worth hundreds of millions of dollars.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [17, 17], "content_span": [18, 157]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074095-0003-0000", "contents": "1956 Southern 500, Background\nDarlington Raceway, nicknamed by many NASCAR fans and drivers as \"The Lady in Black\" or \"The Track Too Tough to Tame\" and advertised as a \"NASCAR Tradition\", is a race track built for NASCAR racing located near Darlington, South Carolina. It is of a unique, somewhat egg-shaped design, an oval with the ends of very different configurations, a condition which supposedly arose from the proximity of one end of the track to a minnow pond the owner refused to relocate. This situation makes it very challenging for the crews to set up their cars' handling in a way that will be effective at both ends.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 29], "content_span": [30, 629]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074095-0004-0000", "contents": "1956 Southern 500, Background\nThe track is a four-turn 1.366 miles (2.198\u00a0km) oval. The track's first two turns are banked at twenty-five degrees, while the final two turns are banked two degrees lower at twenty-three degrees. The front stretch (the location of the finish line) and the back stretch is banked at six degrees. Darlington Raceway can seat up to 60,000 people.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 29], "content_span": [30, 374]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074095-0005-0000", "contents": "1956 Southern 500, Background\nDarlington has something of a legendary quality among drivers and older fans; this is probably due to its long track length relative to other NASCAR speedways of its era and hence the first venue where many of them became cognizant of the truly high speeds that stock cars could achieve on a long track. The track allegedly earned the moniker The Lady in Black because the night before the race the track maintenance crew would cover the entire track with fresh asphalt sealant, in the early years of the speedway, thus making the racing surface dark black.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 29], "content_span": [30, 587]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074095-0005-0001", "contents": "1956 Southern 500, Background\nDarlington is also known as \"The Track Too Tough to Tame\" because drivers can run lap after lap without a problem and then bounce off of the wall the following lap. Racers will frequently explain that they have to race the racetrack, not their competition. Drivers hitting the wall are considered to have received their \"Darlington Stripe\" thanks to the missing paint on the right side of the car.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 29], "content_span": [30, 427]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074095-0006-0000", "contents": "1956 Southern 500, Race report\nThere were 364 laps done on a paved track spanning 1.375 miles (2.213\u00a0km). It only took five hours, fifteen minutes, and thirty-three seconds for the race to reach its conclusion. Seven cautions were committed for seventy-eight laps and the margin of victory was more than two laps. Attendance was established at seventy thousand people; about the size of a typical modern day sporting event.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 30], "content_span": [31, 423]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074095-0007-0000", "contents": "1956 Southern 500, Race report\nThe NASCAR races of the 1950s were definitely different in how they raced, qualified, had race entertainment, and how drivers built and set up each car. Speeds of up to 120 miles per hour (190\u00a0km/h) were consistently witnessed throughout the race in addition to the qualifying sessions. Drivers who were amazed at the speeds they went during these times would be absolutely surprised at the modern NASCAR vehicles going upwards of 184 miles per hour (296\u00a0km/h) in the most recent races at Darlington Raceway.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 30], "content_span": [31, 539]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074095-0007-0001", "contents": "1956 Southern 500, Race report\nHowever, the use of ever-advancing technology and complicated luck-based strategies has caused driver skill to become of secondary importance in NASCAR races. The raw skill, determination and grit that dominated the NASCAR Cup Series from its debut in 1949 to the late-1990s has been replaced by calculated strategies made primarily by the crew chiefs in the 21st century.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 30], "content_span": [31, 403]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074095-0008-0000", "contents": "1956 Southern 500, Race report\nThe average speed of the race was 95.167 miles per hour (153.156\u00a0km/h) while the pole speed was 119.695 miles per hour (192.630\u00a0km/h) and was achieved by Speedy Thompson. Seventy American drivers competed as the race entries; there were no foreigners in that race. Other notable drivers in the race included future car owner Junior Johnson, Joe Weatherly, Fonty Flock, Gwyn Staley, Fireball Roberts, Tiny Lund and Herb Thomas. Judge Rider would make his only Cup Series start in this event. Gene Bergin would participate in his first NASCAR Grand National race here and finished in 36th place. Fireball Roberts crashed into another car on lap 166 because he failed to slow down for a caution flag. The cars of #54 Bill Brown and #72 of Peck Peckham were the only cars in the race not manufactured in 1956.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 30], "content_span": [31, 836]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074095-0009-0000", "contents": "1956 Southern 500, Race report\nBobby Myers fell out then drove in relief for Jim Paschal finishing in sixth place. Paschal, however, got credit for the finish according to NASCAR's archives of race finishes. Larry Flynn made contact with Bill Brown during this race around lap 235. Brown, sporting a very rare onboard (on the front bumper), flew over the wall, destroying the guardrail there, and rolled down the bank, and Flynn's gas container flew out. It was hit by someone and a fire started, which spread to the car. Luckily, seatbelts helped to save the lives of both Flynn and Brown.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 30], "content_span": [31, 590]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074095-0010-0000", "contents": "1956 Southern 500, Race report\nTotal winnings for the race was $35,365 ($332,570 when adjusted for inflation). Manufacturers involved in the event included Chevrolet (active), Ford (active), Dodge (active), Mercury (defunct after 2010), Plymouth (defunct), Chrysler (active), Pontiac (defunct), and Buick (active).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 30], "content_span": [31, 314]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074095-0011-0000", "contents": "1956 Southern 500, Race report\nOnly one Pontiac and one Chrysler were too slow to compete in this event. The rest of the non-qualifying vehicles were Chevrolet, Ford, Dodge, and Plymouth. Jesse James Taylor made his first Cup start since his brutal rollover at Lakewood back in November 1951 that left him with some serious head injuries. He never quite reached back to the heights he did before; any chances of making a comeback ended quickly here with an engine failure in the early laps. After Lee Petty withdrew his No. 42 he replaced Glen Wood in the No. 35.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 30], "content_span": [31, 563]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074095-0012-0000", "contents": "1956 Southern 500, Race report\nThis race had a loaded field that had 30 drivers who had a significant level of expertise in the NASCAR Cup Series during the 1950s and had previously won a NASCAR Grand National Series at a time where racing skill was paramount.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 30], "content_span": [31, 260]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074095-0013-0000", "contents": "1956 Southern 500, Race report\nThis was the last race for Dink Widenhouse due to an accident he was involved in a wreck on lap 158 where he managed to cut his arm. As he climbed out of his car, Widenhouse noticed he was bleeding and passed out. The track officials saw him unconscious, tangled in his safety belt, and upside down, head in the helmet, with the helmet resting on the racing surface. He wasn't really hurt that badly and didn't have to be sent to a nearby hospital.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 30], "content_span": [31, 479]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074095-0014-0000", "contents": "1956 Southern 500, Race report\nCarl Kiekhaefer was the only notable crew chief to attend this race; he was also the owner of the #87 Chrysler vehicle driven by Buck Baker.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 30], "content_span": [31, 171]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074095-0015-0000", "contents": "1956 Southern 500, Race report\nUntil the AC Spark Plug 500 in 1988, this marked the last time that Goodyear tires were not present.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 30], "content_span": [31, 131]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074095-0016-0000", "contents": "1956 Southern 500, Race report, Qualifying\nFailed to qualify: William Pike (#74), Joe Blair (#5), Matt Gowan (#64), Bobby Boyd, Rat Garner (#17), Bryce Beck, Pete Yow (#03), Jud Larson (#69), Everett Brashear (#39) Withdrew from race: Johnny Fite (#20)", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 42], "content_span": [43, 252]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074095-0017-0000", "contents": "1956 Southern 500, Race report, Finishing order\n\u2020 signifies that the driver is known to be deceased * Driver failed to finish race", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 47], "content_span": [48, 130]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074096-0000-0000", "contents": "1956 Southern Area League\nThe 1956 Southern Area League was the third season of the regional third tier/division of speedway racing in the United Kingdom British teams. Brafield Flying Foxes were no longer competitors with Southern Rovers taking their place. Southern Rovers had no track and raced all their 'home' fixtures on away tracks.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [25, 25], "content_span": [26, 339]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074096-0001-0000", "contents": "1956 Southern Area League, Summary\nRye House Roosters were the champions for the second consecutive season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [27, 34], "content_span": [35, 107]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074096-0002-0000", "contents": "1956 Southern Area League, Summary\nAlthough the Southern Area League continued, it became the second tier division instead of the third tier division. There was not another third division of British speedway until 1996 when the Conference was inaugurated.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [27, 34], "content_span": [35, 255]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074097-0000-0000", "contents": "1956 Southern Conference Men's Basketball Tournament\nThe 1956 Southern Conference Men's Basketball Tournament took place from March 1\u20133, 1956 at the Richmond Arena in Richmond, Virginia. The West Virginia Mountaineeers, led by head coach Fred Schaus, won their second Southern Conference title and received the automatic berth to the 1956 NCAA Tournament.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 52], "section_span": [52, 52], "content_span": [53, 355]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074097-0001-0000", "contents": "1956 Southern Conference Men's Basketball Tournament, Format\nThe top eight finishers of the conference's ten members were eligible for the tournament. Teams were seeded based on conference winning percentage. The tournament used a preset bracket consisting of three rounds.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 52], "section_span": [54, 60], "content_span": [61, 273]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074098-0000-0000", "contents": "1956 Southern Illinois Salukis football team\nThe 1956 Southern Illinois Salukis football team was an American football team that represented Southern Illinois University (now known as Southern Illinois University Carbondale) in the Interstate Intercollegiate Athletic Conference (IIAC) during the 1956 NCAA College Division football season. Under second-year head coach Albert Kawal, the team compiled a 4\u20135 record. The team played its home games at McAndrew Stadium in Carbondale, Illinois.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [44, 44], "content_span": [45, 491]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074099-0000-0000", "contents": "1956 Southwark Borough election\nElections to Metropolitan Borough of Southwark were held in 1956.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [31, 31], "content_span": [32, 97]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074099-0001-0000", "contents": "1956 Southwark Borough election\nThe borough had ten wards which returned between 3 and 8 members. Labour won all the seats and no other party stood a full set of candidates.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [31, 31], "content_span": [32, 173]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074100-0000-0000", "contents": "1956 Southwestern Louisiana Bulldogs football team\nThe 1956 Southwestern Louisiana Bulldogs football team was an American football team that represented the Southwestern Louisiana Institute of Liberal and Technical Learning (now known as the University of Louisiana at Lafayette) in the Gulf States Conference during the 1956 NCAA College Division football season. In their sixth year under head coach Raymond Didier, the team compiled a 4\u20136 record.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 50], "section_span": [50, 50], "content_span": [51, 449]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074101-0000-0000", "contents": "1956 Soviet Class B\nThis is the current revision of this page, as edited by Frietjes (talk | contribs) at 21:45, 18 March 2020. The present address (URL) is a permanent link to this version.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [19, 19], "content_span": [20, 190]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074101-0001-0000", "contents": "1956 Soviet Class B\nFollowing are the results of the 1955 Soviet First League football championship. FC Spartak Minsk and FC Krylya Sovetov Kuibyshev winning the championship.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [19, 19], "content_span": [20, 175]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074102-0000-0000", "contents": "1956 Soviet Top League\n12 teams took part in the league with FC Spartak Moscow winning the championship.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [22, 22], "content_span": [23, 104]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074103-0000-0000", "contents": "1956 Soviet nuclear tests\nThe Soviet Union's 1956 nuclear test series was a group of 9 nuclear tests conducted in 1956. These tests followed the 1955 Soviet nuclear tests series and preceded the 1957 Soviet nuclear tests series.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [25, 25], "content_span": [26, 228]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074104-0000-0000", "contents": "1956 Speedway National League\nThe 1956 National League Division One was the 22nd season and eleventh post-war season of the highest tier of motorcycle speedway in Great Britain.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [29, 29], "content_span": [30, 177]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074104-0001-0000", "contents": "1956 Speedway National League, Summary\nThe league consisted of seven teams after the West Ham Hammers ceased competitive speedway racing at the end of 1955. Poole Pirates came up from the second tier to replace them. Match line-ups were increased to eight riders after a single season with seven riders. Wimbledon won their third successive National League Championship.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 38], "content_span": [39, 370]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074104-0002-0000", "contents": "1956 Speedway National League, Summary\nNorwich Stars rider Malcolm Flood died on 2 April, at Poole. The 25-year-old rider suffered fatal injuries despite an earlier warning from the race steward that he was riding too erratically into the bends.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 38], "content_span": [39, 245]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074104-0003-0000", "contents": "1956 Speedway National League, National Trophy Stage Two\nThe 1956 National Trophy was the 19th edition of the Knockout Cup. The Trophy consisted of two stages; stage one was for the second tier clubs, stage two was for the top tier clubs. Wimbledon won the second and final stage and were therefore declared the 1956 National Trophy champions.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 56], "content_span": [57, 343]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074105-0000-0000", "contents": "1956 Speedway National League Division Two\n1956 was the final season of the Speedway National League Division Two.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 42], "section_span": [42, 42], "content_span": [43, 114]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074105-0001-0000", "contents": "1956 Speedway National League Division Two, Summary\nWith the number of sides competing at national level diminishing from 37 at the start of 1951 to just 14 in 1956, only a single national division would be in existence by 1957. Poole Pirates had been promoted to Division One and Exeter Falcons had closed leaving seven entrants.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 42], "section_span": [44, 51], "content_span": [52, 330]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074105-0002-0000", "contents": "1956 Speedway National League Division Two, Summary\nSouthampton's 34-year-old captain Ernie Rawlins died in Southampton Hospital on 22 September 1956, following an accident in the match against Birmingham on 18 September.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 42], "section_span": [44, 51], "content_span": [52, 221]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074105-0003-0000", "contents": "1956 Speedway National League Division Two, National Trophy Stage One\nThe 1956 National Trophy was the 19th edition of the Knockout Cup. The Trophy consisted of two stages; stage one was for the second tier clubs, stage two was for the top tier clubs. Southampton won stage one and qualified for second and final stage.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 42], "section_span": [44, 69], "content_span": [70, 319]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074106-0000-0000", "contents": "1956 St. Louis Cardinals season\nThe 1956 St. Louis Cardinals season was the team's 75th season in St. Louis, Missouri and its 65th season in the National League. The Cardinals went 76\u201378 during the season and finished 4th in the National League.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [31, 31], "content_span": [32, 245]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074106-0001-0000", "contents": "1956 St. Louis Cardinals season, Player stats, Batting, Starters by position\nNote: Pos = Position; G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 76], "content_span": [77, 201]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074106-0002-0000", "contents": "1956 St. Louis Cardinals season, Player stats, Batting, Other batters\nNote: G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 69], "content_span": [70, 178]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074106-0003-0000", "contents": "1956 St. Louis Cardinals season, Player stats, Pitching, Starting pitchers\nNote: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 74], "content_span": [75, 185]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074106-0004-0000", "contents": "1956 St. Louis Cardinals season, Player stats, Pitching, Other pitchers\nNote: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 71], "content_span": [72, 182]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074106-0005-0000", "contents": "1956 St. Louis Cardinals season, Player stats, Pitching, Relief pitchers\nNote: G = Games pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; SV = Saves; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 72], "content_span": [73, 173]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074107-0000-0000", "contents": "1956 Stanford Indians football team\nThe 1956 Stanford Indians football team represented Stanford University in the 1956 NCAA University Division football season. The team was led by Chuck Taylor in his sixth year. The team played their home games at Stanford Stadium in Stanford, California.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [35, 35], "content_span": [36, 291]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074107-0001-0000", "contents": "1956 Stanford Indians football team, NFL Draft\nThree Stanford Indians were selected in the 1957 NFL Draft.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 46], "content_span": [47, 106]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074108-0000-0000", "contents": "1956 Stanley Cup Finals\nThe 1956 Stanley Cup Finals was the championship series of the National Hockey League's (NHL) 1955\u201356 season, and the culmination of the 1956 Stanley Cup playoffs. It was contested between the Montreal Canadiens and the two-time defending champion Detroit Red Wings in the fourth Detroit-Montreal series in the 1950s, the two teams having met in the previous two years as well as in 1952; Detroit won all three. The Canadiens were appearing in their sixth consecutive Finals, the Red Wings their third. The Canadiens won the series, four games to one.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [23, 23], "content_span": [24, 575]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074108-0001-0000", "contents": "1956 Stanley Cup Finals, Paths to the Finals\nMontreal defeated the New York Rangers 4\u20131 to reach the final. Detroit defeated the Toronto Maple Leafs 4\u20131 to reach the final.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 44], "content_span": [45, 172]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074108-0002-0000", "contents": "1956 Stanley Cup Finals, Game summaries\nThe Canadiens, down 4\u20132 after two periods, scored four unanswered goals, in a 5:29 span, in the third period to win game one 6\u20134 at the Forum. Jacques Plante held the Red Wings to just ten goals in the five games. This was the first Final for Henri Richard and former Habs player Toe Blake's first Final as coach.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 39], "content_span": [40, 353]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074108-0003-0000", "contents": "1956 Stanley Cup Finals, Stanley Cup engraving\nThe 1956 Stanley Cup was presented to Canadiens captain Emile Bouchard by NHL President Clarence Campbell following the Canadiens 3\u20131 win over the Red Wings in game five.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 46], "content_span": [47, 217]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074108-0004-0000", "contents": "1956 Stanley Cup Finals, Stanley Cup engraving\nThe following Canadiens players and staff had their names engraved on the Stanley Cup", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 46], "content_span": [47, 132]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074109-0000-0000", "contents": "1956 Star World Championship\nThe 1956 Star World Championship was held in Naples, Italy in 1956.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [28, 28], "content_span": [29, 96]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074109-0001-0000", "contents": "1956 Star World Championship, Results\nLegend: DNF \u2013 Did not finish; DNS \u2013 Did not start; DSQ \u2013 Disqualified; WDR \u2013 Withdrew;", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 37], "content_span": [38, 124]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074110-0000-0000", "contents": "1956 State of the Union Address\nThe 1956 State of the Union Address was given by Dwight D. Eisenhower, the 34th president of the United States, on Friday, January 5, 1956, to both houses of the 84th United States Congress. He said this in it, \"There has been broad progress in fostering the energies of our people, in providing greater opportunity for the satisfaction of their needs, and in fulfilling their demands for the strength and security of the Republic.\"", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [31, 31], "content_span": [32, 464]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074111-0000-0000", "contents": "1956 Sugar Bowl\nThe 1956 Sugar Bowl featured the 7th ranked Georgia Tech Yellow Jackets, and the 11th ranked Pittsburgh Panthers. The game was played on January 2, since New Year's Day was a Sunday. Much controversy preceded the 1956 Sugar Bowl. Segregationists tried to keep Pitt fullback/linebacker Bobby Grier from playing because he was black. Georgia\u2019s governor publicly threatened the Georgia Tech\u2019s president Blake R Van Leer to cancel the game. Ultimately, Bobby Grier played making this the first integrated Sugar Bowl and is regarded as the first integrated bowl game in the Deep South.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 15], "section_span": [15, 15], "content_span": [16, 596]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074111-0001-0000", "contents": "1956 Sugar Bowl, Background\nThis game occurred during segregation battles in the south, including Brown v. Board of Education (1954) and the murder of Emmett Till (1955). The Sugar Bowl had been racially segregated since its first inception in 1935. No black players had ever taken the field in it. There were even different sections of the stadium set aside for black and white attendees.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 15], "section_span": [17, 27], "content_span": [28, 389]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074111-0001-0001", "contents": "1956 Sugar Bowl, Background\nIn the past, most Southern colleges (including Georgia Tech) were all-white and had an unofficial \"gentleman's agreement\" with integrated Northern schools in which the teams would only play against each other if the African American players on the team were benched for the game. By the 1950s, this agreement was starting to break down, with some Northern schools refusing to honor it and some Southern schools agreeing to play against integrated teams so long as the game took place in the North.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 15], "section_span": [17, 27], "content_span": [28, 525]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074111-0001-0002", "contents": "1956 Sugar Bowl, Background\nMany Southern schools responded to this shift by simply refusing to play Northern schools at all, resulting in a significant decline in inter-sectional gameplay. The Bowl games, most of which took place in the South, became a focal point of contention. The Cotton Bowl in Dallas held its first integrated game in 1948, and the Sun Bowl in El Paso held one in 1950. But up to 1956, most Southern games still remained strictly segregated.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 15], "section_span": [17, 27], "content_span": [28, 464]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074111-0002-0000", "contents": "1956 Sugar Bowl, Background\nGeorgia Tech had been involved in a previous racial incident in 1934, when the team refused to play a game against the University of Michigan unless the Wolverines benched their star end, a black player named Willis Ward. Michigan eventually complied with the demand, but only after Georgia Tech agreed to reciprocate by benching their own star end, Hoot Gibson. With both players out of the game, it proceeded on schedule, with Michigan winning 9-2 to earn what turned out to be their only victory of the season. By 1956, Georgia Tech had played against integrated teams before, including a game against Notre Dame two years earlier (a 27-14 defeat that ended the Yellow Jackets' 31-game winning streak), but none of these games had taken place in the South.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 15], "section_span": [17, 27], "content_span": [28, 787]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074111-0003-0000", "contents": "1956 Sugar Bowl, Background\nPittsburgh's linebacker and fullback, Bobby Grier, was black. Many segregationists in New Orleans fought to bar him from playing. This stood in stark contrast to the 1956 Rose Bowl, which featured two of the most racially integrated college football teams of the day with six African American players for the UCLA Bruins and seven for the Michigan State Spartans. Pitt's official stance was \"No Grier, no game\". The School announced Grier would \u201ctravel, eat, live, practice, and play with the team.\u201d", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 15], "section_span": [17, 27], "content_span": [28, 527]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074111-0004-0000", "contents": "1956 Sugar Bowl, Background\nAfter receiving the team invitation to the Sugar Bowl, Georgia Tech coach Bobby Dodd took a poll of his players to see if they were willing to play an integrated team. Every single player voted in favor of playing the game. Starting quarterback Wade Mitchell said \"I personally have no objection to playing a team with a Negro member on it, and, as far as I know, the rest of the boys feel the same way.\u201d Georgia Tech president Blake R Van Leer and coach Dodd met with Governor Marvin Griffin privately who promised to back them. With the full endorsement of the team and backing from the president, Georgia Tech accepted the invitation.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 15], "section_span": [17, 27], "content_span": [28, 665]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074111-0005-0000", "contents": "1956 Sugar Bowl, Background\nGeorgia governor Marvin Griffin, who had a son attending Georgia Tech at the time, privately told Dodd and Van Leer the game could proceed, but publicly opposed integration and pressured Blake R Van Leer to withdraw Georgia Tech from the game. Van Leer was already catching heat for pushing through a vote to allow women in Georgia Tech after a previous failed attempt. On December 2, 1955 (the day after Rosa Parks began her Montgomery bus boycott), Griffin publicly sent another telegram to his state's Board Of Regents imploring that teams from Georgia not engage in racially integrated events which had Blacks either as participants or in the stands. It read:", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 15], "section_span": [17, 27], "content_span": [28, 691]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074111-0006-0000", "contents": "1956 Sugar Bowl, Background\nThe South stands at Armageddon. The battle is joined. We cannot make the slightest concession to the enemy in this dark and lamentable hour of struggle. There is no more difference in compromising integrity of race on the playing field than in doing so in the classrooms. One break in the dike and the relentless enemy will rush in and destroy us.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 15], "section_span": [17, 27], "content_span": [28, 375]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074111-0007-0000", "contents": "1956 Sugar Bowl, Background\nThat same night, a group of 2,000 Georgia Tech students held a protest against Griffin's stance, which soon turned into a riot. Holding signs saying \"We play anybody\" and \"governor Griffin sits on his brains\", the students broke windows, upturned parking meters, hung Griffin in effigy, and marched all the way to the governor's mansion, surrounding it until 3:30\u00a0a.m. and only agreeing to disperse when state representative Milton \"Muggsy\" Smith (himself a former Georgia Tech football player) addressed the crowd and assured them the game would be played.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 15], "section_span": [17, 27], "content_span": [28, 585]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074111-0007-0001", "contents": "1956 Sugar Bowl, Background\nA few days later, students at the rival University of Georgia, who had lost 21-3 against GT in the final game of the season, held their own protest against Griffin, stating \"For once we are with Georgia Tech.\" Others all across America came out against Griffin, including labor leader Walter Ruether, who called Griffin's statement \"un-American\", and said \"you couldn't help the communists more if you were on their payroll.\" Van Leer was summoned by the board of regents and valiantly stood his ground in a show of support. He was quoted:", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 15], "section_span": [17, 27], "content_span": [28, 567]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074111-0008-0000", "contents": "1956 Sugar Bowl, Background\nEither we\u2019re going to the Sugar Bowl or you can find yourself another damn president of Georgia Tech.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 15], "section_span": [17, 27], "content_span": [28, 129]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074111-0009-0000", "contents": "1956 Sugar Bowl, Background\nOn December 5 the Georgia Tech board of regents voted 13-1 in favor of allowing the game to proceed as scheduled.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 15], "section_span": [17, 27], "content_span": [28, 141]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074111-0010-0000", "contents": "1956 Sugar Bowl, Background\nGovernor Griffin threatened to have Van Leer fired. Van Leer would later receive a standing ovation for standing up to Griffin.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 15], "section_span": [17, 27], "content_span": [28, 155]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074111-0011-0000", "contents": "1956 Sugar Bowl, Game summary\nThe game was a high caliber defensive game. The two teams gave up a combined 7 points, on 453 combined yards. Georgia Tech was held without any points the remaining three quarters of the game, and ended up winning by a 7-0 margin. Pittsburgh, despite dominating the game in terms of yardage (311\u2013142) lost because of 2 lost fumbles, and 72 penalty yards.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 15], "section_span": [17, 29], "content_span": [30, 384]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074111-0012-0000", "contents": "1956 Sugar Bowl, Game summary\nAfter Georgia Tech recovered a Pitt fumble on the Panthers 32-yard line, Grier was flagged for a 31-yard pass interference penalty, giving the Yellow Jackets a first and goal from the 1. The call was hotly disputed, both by fans in attendance and Pitt players. On the next play, quarterback Wade Mitchell took the ball into the end zone to give his team a 7-0 lead.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 15], "section_span": [17, 29], "content_span": [30, 395]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074111-0013-0000", "contents": "1956 Sugar Bowl, Game summary\nIn the second quarter, Georgia Tech was held to five offensive plays, while Pitt got a chance to score with a 79-yard drive to the Yellowjackets 1-yard line. But with time running out, Pitt QB Corny Salvaterra was stuffed for no gain on 4th and goal by GT defenders Franklin Brooks and Allen Ecker.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 15], "section_span": [17, 29], "content_span": [30, 328]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074111-0014-0000", "contents": "1956 Sugar Bowl, Game summary\nIn the third quarter, a 26-yard run by Grier sparked a drive to the GT 16-yard line, but this ended with no points due to an interception. Later in the period, Pitt drove all the way to the Yellow Jacket 7, only to lose the ball on a fumble. In the fourth quarter, Pitt mounted a last minute drive for the tying score, but was stopped on the GT 5-yard line when time ran out.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 15], "section_span": [17, 29], "content_span": [30, 405]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074111-0015-0000", "contents": "1956 Sugar Bowl, Game summary\nGrier finished as the game's leading rusher with 51 yards.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 15], "section_span": [17, 29], "content_span": [30, 88]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074111-0016-0000", "contents": "1956 Sugar Bowl, Aftermath\nAfter the game, Grier protested the pass interference call, but praised the Georgia Tech players, saying \"They were good sportsmen, perhaps the best I've played against all season. They played hard, but clean. It was a good game. But believe me. I didn't push that man.\" The referee who made the call was Rusty Coles, a Pittsburgh native who had been selected by Pitt for the game (Both teams got to select three referees each). Coles later admitted the call was an error, but denied making it intentionally. After much pressure and press, Georgia Tech\u2019s progressive president Blake Van Leer died from a heart attack two weeks later.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 15], "section_span": [17, 26], "content_span": [27, 660]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074111-0017-0000", "contents": "1956 Sugar Bowl, Aftermath\nThe game did not immediately lead to future integration of the Sugar Bowl. In July 1956, the Louisiana state legislature passed Act 579, known as the Athletic Events Bill, which prohibited interracial sports competitions. Governor Earl Long signed it on July 16. It said, in part:", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 15], "section_span": [17, 26], "content_span": [27, 307]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074111-0018-0000", "contents": "1956 Sugar Bowl, Aftermath\nAll persons, firms and corporations are prohibited from sponsoring, arranging, participating in, or permitting on premises under their control any dancing, social functions, entertainments, athletic training, games, sports or contests and other such activities involving personal and social contacts, in which the participants or contestants are members of the white and negro races.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 15], "section_span": [17, 26], "content_span": [27, 410]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074111-0019-0000", "contents": "1956 Sugar Bowl, Aftermath\nThe Sugar Bowl would not host another Northern team for the next eight years. Eventually, a federal district court ruled Act 579 was unconstitutional. Five days after the 1964 Sugar Bowl, the United States Supreme Court agreed to let the lower court ruling stand. The lower court stated \"Cities may as well face up to the facts of life: New Orleans, here and now, must adjust to the reality of having to operate desegregated public facilities. Time has run out. There is no defense left.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 15], "section_span": [17, 26], "content_span": [27, 514]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074111-0019-0001", "contents": "1956 Sugar Bowl, Aftermath\nThere is no excuse left which a court, bound by respect for the Rule of Law, could now legitimize as a legal justification for a city's continued segregation of governmental facilities.\" The following year, Louisiana State University played in the 1965 Sugar Bowl against a Syracuse University team that featured two black players, Floyd Little and Jim Nance, both of whom would go on to play in the NFL.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 15], "section_span": [17, 26], "content_span": [27, 431]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074111-0020-0000", "contents": "1956 Sugar Bowl, Aftermath\nIn 1957, Georgia senator Leon Butts introduced a bill to ban all integrated athletic contests in the state, as well as other social functions such as dances and concerts. A violation of this act would be a misdemeanor crime, with a possible fine of up to 1,000 dollars or 60 days in jail. Governor Griffin supported the bill, but it received fierce opposition from sports writers and athletic clubs, who warned it would ruin Georgia athletics.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 15], "section_span": [17, 26], "content_span": [27, 470]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074111-0020-0001", "contents": "1956 Sugar Bowl, Aftermath\nThe bill passed unanimously in the Georgia senate, but died in the house before it could be put to a vote, leading Butts to complain \"I think it's a shame the major league ball clubs and the NAACP have gotten control of the Georgia House.\" A few months later, the Georgia Bulldogs played a scheduled football game against an integrated University of Michigan team, losing 26-0.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 15], "section_span": [17, 26], "content_span": [27, 404]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074111-0021-0000", "contents": "1956 Sugar Bowl, Aftermath\nAfter the 1956 Sugar Bowl, the regents of both Georgia University and Georgia Tech instituted a new policy of refusing to play against integrated teams in integrated stadiums for games that took place in the South, but this was largely symbolic and unenforced. Just four years later, Georgia accepted an invitation to the Orange Bowl to play against the University of Missouri, which had two black running backs.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 15], "section_span": [17, 26], "content_span": [27, 439]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074111-0022-0000", "contents": "1956 Sugar Bowl, Aftermath\nGeorgia Tech guard Franklin Brooks was named the game's MVP. Bobby Grier's participation in the 1956 Sugar Bowl, as well as the support he received from various communities, is seen by some experts as a milestone in American race relations.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 15], "section_span": [17, 26], "content_span": [27, 267]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074111-0023-0000", "contents": "1956 Sugar Bowl, Aftermath\nBrooks went on to have a successful coaching career after a brief stint with the Washington Redskins. Brooks coached at the high school level before returning to Georgia Tech as an assistant coach under Pepper Rodgers. Excelling as an assistant coach, Brooks was poised to become Rogers' replacement but was untimely stricken with inoperable lung cancer.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 15], "section_span": [17, 26], "content_span": [27, 381]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074111-0024-0000", "contents": "1956 Sugar Bowl, Aftermath\nBrooks was a non-smoker and non-drinker. According to doctor's reports, he developed cancer as a result of exposure to asbestos during a summer job as a teen. Despite his courageous fight over a two-year period, Brooks died in 1977. Among friends and family, Brooks' funeral procession included College and Pro Football greats such as Eddie Lee Ivery and Bill Curry.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 15], "section_span": [17, 26], "content_span": [27, 393]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074111-0025-0000", "contents": "1956 Sugar Bowl, Aftermath\nBrooks' struggles with cancer contributed to reform and ultimately the elimination of unsafe asbestos production. Governments and businesses all around the world have urgently taken measures to eliminate structures containing asbestos over the last twenty-five years.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 15], "section_span": [17, 26], "content_span": [27, 294]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074112-0000-0000", "contents": "1956 Summer Olympics\nThe 1956 Summer Olympics, officially known as the Games of the XVI Olympiad and commonly known as Melbourne 1956, were an international multi-sport event held in Melbourne, Victoria, Australia, from 22 November to 8 December 1956, with the exception of the equestrian events, which were held in Stockholm, Sweden, in June 1956.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [20, 20], "content_span": [21, 348]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074112-0001-0000", "contents": "1956 Summer Olympics\nThese Games were the first to be staged in the Southern Hemisphere and Oceania, as well as the first to be held outside Europe and North America. Melbourne is the most southerly city ever to host the Olympics.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [20, 20], "content_span": [21, 230]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074112-0001-0001", "contents": "1956 Summer Olympics\nDue to the Southern Hemisphere's seasons being different from those in the Northern Hemisphere, the 1956 Games did not take place at the usual time of year, because of the need to hold the events during the warmer weather of the host's spring/summer (which corresponds to the Northern Hemisphere's autumn/winter) which resulted in the only summer games ever to be held in November and December. Australia did not host the Games again until 2000 in Sydney, New South Wales, and will host them again in 2032 in Brisbane, Queensland.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [20, 20], "content_span": [21, 551]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074112-0002-0000", "contents": "1956 Summer Olympics\nThe Olympic equestrian events could not be held in Melbourne due to Australia's strict quarantine regulations, so they were held in Stockholm five months earlier. This was the second time the Olympics were not held entirely in one country, the first being the 1920 Summer Olympics in Antwerp, Belgium, with some events taking place in Ostend, Belgium and Amsterdam, Netherlands. Despite uncertainties and various complications encountered during the preparations, the 1956 Games went ahead in Melbourne as planned and turned out to be a success. The enduring tradition of national teams parading as one during the closing ceremony was started at these Olympics.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [20, 20], "content_span": [21, 682]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074112-0003-0000", "contents": "1956 Summer Olympics\nEight teams boycotted the Games for various reasons. Four teams boycotted in response to the Suez Crisis where Egypt was invaded by Israel, France and the United Kingdom, three in response to the Soviet invasion of Hungary and one in response to the presence of the Republic of China at the Games.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [20, 20], "content_span": [21, 318]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074112-0004-0000", "contents": "1956 Summer Olympics\nThe Soviet Union won the most gold and overall medals for the first time in Summer Olympics history despite a controversial Water Polo match between the Soviet Union and Hungary, who are the defending champions. The Soviet Union had recently suppressed a anti-communist revolution in Hungary and violence broke out during the match between the teams, resulting in numerous injuries. The spectators attempted to join the violence after Ervin Z\u00e1dor suffered bleeding after being punched by Valentin Prokopov but they were blocked by riot police. The match was cancelled, with Hungary being declared the winner as they were in the lead.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [20, 20], "content_span": [21, 654]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074112-0005-0000", "contents": "1956 Summer Olympics, Host city selection\nMelbourne was selected as the host city over bids from Buenos Aires, Mexico City, Montreal, Los Angeles, Detroit, Chicago, Minneapolis, Philadelphia, and San Francisco at the 43rd IOC Session in Rome, Italy on 28 April 1949. Mexico City, Montreal and Los Angeles would eventually be selected to host the 1968, 1976 and 1984 Summer Olympics.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [22, 41], "content_span": [42, 382]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074112-0006-0000", "contents": "1956 Summer Olympics, Prelude\nMany members of the IOC were sceptical about Melbourne as an appropriate site. Its location in the Southern Hemisphere was a major concern since the reversal of seasons would mean the Games must be held during the northern winter. The November\u2013December schedule was thought likely to inconvenience athletes from the Northern Hemisphere, who were accustomed to resting during their winter.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [22, 29], "content_span": [30, 418]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074112-0007-0000", "contents": "1956 Summer Olympics, Prelude\nNotwithstanding these concerns, the field of candidates eventually narrowed to two Southern Hemisphere cities, these being Melbourne and Buenos Aires, Argentina. Melbourne was selected, in 1949, to host the 1956 Olympics by a one-vote margin. The first sign of trouble was the revelation that Australian equine quarantine would prevent the country from hosting the equestrian events. Stockholm was selected as the alternative site, so equestrian competition began on 10 June, five and a half months before the rest of the Olympic Games were to open.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [22, 29], "content_span": [30, 579]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074112-0008-0000", "contents": "1956 Summer Olympics, Prelude\nThe above problems of the Melbourne Games were compounded by bickering over financing among Australian politicians. Eventually, in March 1953, the State Government accepted a \u00a32\u00a0million loan from the Commonwealth Government to build the Olympic Village, which would accommodate up to 6,000 people, in Heidelberg West. After the Olympics, the houses in the village were handed back to the Housing Commission for general public housing.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [22, 29], "content_span": [30, 464]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074112-0009-0000", "contents": "1956 Summer Olympics, Prelude\nAt one point, IOC President Avery Brundage suggested that Rome, which was to host the 1960 Games, was so far ahead of Melbourne in preparations that it might be ready as a replacement site in 1956.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [22, 29], "content_span": [30, 227]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074112-0010-0000", "contents": "1956 Summer Olympics, Prelude\nAs late as April 1955, Brundage was still doubtful about Melbourne and was not satisfied by an inspection trip to the city. Construction was well under way by then, thanks to a $4.5\u00a0million federal loan to Victoria, but it was behind schedule. He still held out the possibility that Rome might have to step in.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [22, 29], "content_span": [30, 340]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074112-0011-0000", "contents": "1956 Summer Olympics, Prelude\nBy the beginning of 1956, though, it was obvious that Melbourne would be ready for the Olympics.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [22, 29], "content_span": [30, 126]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074112-0012-0000", "contents": "1956 Summer Olympics, Participation and boycotts\nEgypt, Iraq, Cambodia and Lebanon announced that they would not participate in the Olympics in response to the Suez Crisis when Egypt was invaded by Israel, the United Kingdom, and France.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [22, 48], "content_span": [49, 237]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074112-0013-0000", "contents": "1956 Summer Olympics, Participation and boycotts\nThe Netherlands, Spain and Switzerland boycotted the event in protest at the Soviet Union presence in light of their recent crushing of the Hungarian Revolution.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [22, 48], "content_span": [49, 210]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074112-0014-0000", "contents": "1956 Summer Olympics, Participation and boycotts\nThe People's Republic of China chose to boycott the event because Taiwan had been allowed to compete.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [22, 48], "content_span": [49, 150]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074112-0015-0000", "contents": "1956 Summer Olympics, Participation and boycotts\nAlthough the number of countries participating (67) was almost the same as in 1952 (69), the number of athletes competing dropped sharply, from 4,925 to 3,342. (This figure does not include the 158 athletes from 29 countries who took part in the Stockholm equestrian competition.)", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [22, 48], "content_span": [49, 329]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074112-0016-0000", "contents": "1956 Summer Olympics, Events\nOnce underway, the Games progressed smoothly, and came to be known as the \"Friendly Games\". Betty Cuthbert, an 18-year-old from Sydney, won the 100 and 200\u00a0metre sprint races and ran an exceptional final leg in the 4\u00a0x\u00a0100\u00a0metre relay to overcome Great Britain's lead and claim her third gold medal. The veteran Shirley Strickland repeated her 1952 win in the 80\u00a0metre hurdles and was also part of the winning 4\u00a0x\u00a0100\u00a0metre relay team, bringing her career Olympic medal total to seven: three golds, a silver, and three bronze medals.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [22, 28], "content_span": [29, 562]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074112-0017-0000", "contents": "1956 Summer Olympics, Events\nAustralia also triumphed in swimming. They won all of the freestyle races, men's and women's, and collected a total of eight gold, four silver and two bronze medals. Murray Rose became the first male swimmer to win two freestyle events since Johnny Weissmuller in 1924, while Dawn Fraser won gold medals in the 100\u00a0metre freestyle and as the leadoff swimmer in the 4\u00a0x\u00a0100\u00a0metre relay team.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [22, 28], "content_span": [29, 419]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074112-0018-0000", "contents": "1956 Summer Olympics, Events\nThe men's track and field events were dominated by the United States. They not only won 15 of the 24 events, they swept four of them and took first and second place in five others. Bobby Morrow led the way with gold medals in the 100 and 200\u00a0metre sprints and the 4\u00a0x\u00a0100\u00a0metre relay. Tom Courtney barely overtook Great Britain's Derek Johnson in the 800\u00a0metre run, then collapsed from the exertion and needed medical attention.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [22, 28], "content_span": [29, 457]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074112-0019-0000", "contents": "1956 Summer Olympics, Events\nIreland's Ronnie Delany ran an outstanding 53.8 over the last 400\u00a0metres to win the 1,500\u00a0metre run, in which favourite John Landy of Australia finished third.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [22, 28], "content_span": [29, 188]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074112-0020-0000", "contents": "1956 Summer Olympics, Events\nThere was a major upset, marred briefly by controversy, in the 3,000\u00a0metre steeplechase. Little-known Chris Brasher of Great Britain finished well ahead of the field, but the judges disqualified him for interfering with Norway's Ernst Larsen, and they announced S\u00e1ndor Rozsny\u00f3i of Hungary as the winner. Brasher's appeal was supported by Larsen, Rozsny\u00f3i, and fourth-place finisher Heinz Laufer of Germany. Subsequently, the decision was reversed and Brasher became the first Briton to win a gold medal in track and field since 1936.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [22, 28], "content_span": [29, 562]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074112-0021-0000", "contents": "1956 Summer Olympics, Events\nOnly two world records were set in track and field. Mildred McDaniel, the first American woman to win gold in the sport, set a high jump record of 1.76 metres (5.8\u00a0ft), and Egil Danielsen of Norway overcame blustery conditions with a remarkable javelin throw of 85.71 metres (281.2\u00a0ft).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [22, 28], "content_span": [29, 315]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074112-0022-0000", "contents": "1956 Summer Olympics, Events\nThroughout the Olympics, Hungarian athletes were cheered by fans from Australia and other countries. Many of them gathered in the boxing arena when thirty-year-old Laszlo Papp of Hungary won his third gold medal by beating Jos\u00e9 Torres for the light-middleweight championship.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [22, 28], "content_span": [29, 304]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074112-0023-0000", "contents": "1956 Summer Olympics, Events\nA few days later, the crowd was with the Hungarian water polo team in its match against the Soviet Union which took place against the background of the Soviet invasion of Hungary. The game became rough and, when a Hungarian was forced to leave the pool with a bleeding wound above his eye, a riot almost broke out. The police restored order and the game was called early, with Hungary leading 4\u20130, and the Hungarians went on to win the gold medal.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [22, 28], "content_span": [29, 476]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074112-0024-0000", "contents": "1956 Summer Olympics, Events\nIn a much publicized Olympic romance, American hammer throw champion Hal Connolly would marry Czechoslovak discus throw champion, Olga Fikotov\u00e1. After moving to the United States, Olga wanted to continue representing Czechoslovakia, but the Czechoslovak Olympic Committee would not allow her to do so. Thereafter, as Olga Connolly, she took part in every Olympics until 1972 competing for the U.S. She was the flag bearer for the U.S. team at the 1972 Summer Olympics.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [22, 28], "content_span": [29, 497]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074112-0025-0000", "contents": "1956 Summer Olympics, Events\nDespite the international tensions of 1956\u2014or perhaps because of them\u2014a young Melburnian, John Ian Wing, came up with a new idea for the closing ceremony. Instead of marching as separate teams, behind their national flags, the athletes mingled together as they paraded into and around the arena for a final appearance before the spectators. It was the start of an Olympic tradition that has been followed ever since.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [22, 28], "content_span": [29, 445]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074112-0026-0000", "contents": "1956 Summer Olympics, Highlights, Olympic torch relay\nThe Olympic flame was relayed to Melbourne after being lit at Olympia on 2 November 1956.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [22, 53], "content_span": [54, 143]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074112-0027-0000", "contents": "1956 Summer Olympics, Highlights, Olympic torch relay\nWhile the Olympic flame was being carried to Sydney, an Australian veterinary student named Barry Larkin carried a fake Olympic Flame and fooled the mayor of Sydney.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [22, 53], "content_span": [54, 219]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074112-0028-0000", "contents": "1956 Summer Olympics, Television\nThese were the first Olympic Games with live television broadcasts. All three Melbourne stations, GTV9, HSV7 and ABV2, broadcast the Olympics. The three Sydney stations, TCN9, ATN7 and ABN2, relayed the Melbourne coverage.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [22, 32], "content_span": [33, 255]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074112-0029-0000", "contents": "1956 Summer Olympics, Sports\nThe 1956 Summer Olympics featured 17 different sports encompassing 23 disciplines, and medals were awarded in 151 events (145 events in Melbourne and 6 equestrian events in Stockholm). In the list below, the number of events in each discipline is noted in parentheses.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [22, 28], "content_span": [29, 297]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074112-0030-0000", "contents": "1956 Summer Olympics, Participating National Olympic Committees\nA total of 67 nations competed in the 1956 Olympics. Eight countries made their Olympic debuts: Cambodia (only competed in the equestrian events in Stockholm), Ethiopia, Fiji, Kenya, Liberia, Federation of Malaya, North Borneo (modern-day Sabah of Malaysia), and Uganda. Athletes from East Germany and West Germany competed together as the United Team of Germany, an arrangement that would last until 1968.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [22, 63], "content_span": [64, 470]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074112-0031-0000", "contents": "1956 Summer Olympics, Participating National Olympic Committees\nFor the first time, the team of Republic of China effectively represented only Taiwan.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [22, 63], "content_span": [64, 150]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074112-0032-0000", "contents": "1956 Summer Olympics, Participating National Olympic Committees\nFive nations competed in the equestrian events in Stockholm, but did not attend the Games in Melbourne. Egypt did not compete in Melbourne due to the Suez Crisis, whilst the Netherlands, Spain and Switzerland all boycotted the Melbourne Olympics in protest at the Soviet invasion of Hungary.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [22, 63], "content_span": [64, 355]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074112-0033-0000", "contents": "1956 Summer Olympics, Medal count\nThese are the top ten nations that won medals at the 1956 Games.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [22, 33], "content_span": [34, 98]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074112-0034-0000", "contents": "1956 Summer Olympics, Medal count\n*\u00a0\u00a0 Host nation (Australia), John Ian Wing of Australia was also presented with a bronze medal, not included in the above table, for suggesting the closing ceremony have athletes as one nation.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [22, 33], "content_span": [34, 227]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074113-0000-0000", "contents": "1956 Summer Olympics medal table\nThis is the full table of the medal table of the 1956 Summer Olympics in Melbourne, Australia and Stockholm, Sweden (equestrian events).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [32, 32], "content_span": [33, 169]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074113-0001-0000", "contents": "1956 Summer Olympics medal table\nThese rankings sort by the number of gold medals earned by a country. The number of silvers is taken into consideration next and then the number of bronze. If, after the above, countries are still tied, equal ranking is given and they are listed alphabetically. This follows the system used by the IOC, IAAF and BBC.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [32, 32], "content_span": [33, 349]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074113-0002-0000", "contents": "1956 Summer Olympics medal table\nThe Netherlands, Spain, and Switzerland (Soviet invasion of Hungary), Egypt, Iraq, and Lebanon (Suez Crisis) and the People's Republic of China (participation of Taiwan) boycotted the games, but some of them took part in the equestrian events in Stockholm.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [32, 32], "content_span": [33, 289]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074113-0003-0000", "contents": "1956 Summer Olympics medal table\nAn additional bronze medal not included in the above Wikipedia table was presented to John Ian Wing, an Australian resident, for advocating that the closing ceremony have athletes march as one nation.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [32, 32], "content_span": [33, 233]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074114-0000-0000", "contents": "1956 Sun Bowl\nThe 1956 Sun Bowl featured the Wyoming Cowboys and the Texas Tech Red Raiders. This was the first Sun Bowl played on January 2 since 1950.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 13], "section_span": [13, 13], "content_span": [14, 152]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074114-0001-0000", "contents": "1956 Sun Bowl, Background\nTexas Tech were champions of the Border Conference while Wyoming finished fourth in the Skyline Conference.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 13], "section_span": [15, 25], "content_span": [26, 133]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074114-0002-0000", "contents": "1956 Sun Bowl, Game summary\nLarry Zowada threw a 53-yard touchdown pass to John Watts to break the scoreless tie for Wyoming. But Tech responded with a Ronnie Herr touchdown run to tie the game going into the fourth quarter. Tech scored in the fourth on Fewin's touchdown run. But that is when Wyoming took over, as Zowada threw another touchdown pass to tie the game up. After Tech received the ball on the kickoff, Don Schmidt fumbled the ball and it was recovered by Pete Kutches. Three plays later, Ova Stapleton scored on a touchdown run, and from that point on the game was sealed for the Cowboys. Jim Crawford rushed for 103 yards on 18 carries and was named MVP.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 13], "section_span": [15, 27], "content_span": [28, 670]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074114-0003-0000", "contents": "1956 Sun Bowl, Aftermath\nWeaver remained coach and athletic director until 1960. They did not reach the Sun Bowl again until 1964 and not win a bowl game until 1973. Tech has not won a Sun Bowl since 1951.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 13], "section_span": [15, 24], "content_span": [25, 205]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074114-0004-0000", "contents": "1956 Sun Bowl, Aftermath\nWyoming went 10\u20130 the following season and Crawford led the nation in rushing yards. But believing that they would get a better bowl appearance, they declined the Sun Bowl invitation. No other invitations came. They reached the Sun Bowl again in 1958 and 1966, winning both times.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 13], "section_span": [15, 24], "content_span": [25, 305]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074115-0000-0000", "contents": "1956 Swedish Grand Prix\nThe 1956 Sveriges Grand Prix took place on 12 August, at the R\u00e5bel\u00f6vsbanan, Kristianstad. Although this was the second running of the race, it was the first time as a round of the F.I.A. World Sports Car Championship. The previous year's race, won by Juan Manuel Fangio was the first big race held in Sweden, and the organiser, Kungl Automobil Klubben dealt with it so well, the F.I.A. promoted the race. For this year's event, the circuit was widened and resurfaced.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [23, 23], "content_span": [24, 491]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074115-0001-0000", "contents": "1956 Swedish Grand Prix, Report, Entry\nA grand total of 29 racing cars were registered for this event, of which 28 arrived for practice and 27 for qualifying. Although this was the last round of the championship, there were only two manufacturers who could take the world title, namely Ferrari and Maserati. As a result, the entry list for this race was almost entirely Italian. Both teams were represented by five cars in the race. Ferrari send two 860 Monzas and three 290 MMs for their squad of 11 drivers, while Officine Alfieri Maserati was represented five Maserati 300S, and their team of 10. The only ray of hope from outside of Italy, were the trio of privately entered Jaguar D-Types.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 38], "content_span": [39, 694]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074115-0002-0000", "contents": "1956 Swedish Grand Prix, Report, Qualifying\nDuring the three qualifying sessions held on three days prior to the race, everyone in the works Ferrari and Maserati teams drove all their team cars. After 570 minutes of qualifying, Maserati's Stirling Moss emerged the fastest, putting his 300S on pole.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 43], "content_span": [44, 299]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074115-0003-0000", "contents": "1956 Swedish Grand Prix, Report, Race\nThe race was held over 153 laps of the 4.062 miles, Rabel\u00f6vsbanan, giving a distance of 621.472 miles (1,000.161\u00a0km). At 12 noon, in front of 37,500 spectators, Collins was first away, with both the Ecurie Nationale Belge cars having trouble starting, but getting away before the leaders returned to complete their first lap. A long line of scarlet red cars screamed across the line to complete the opening lap, led by the Ferrari of Peter Collins, with Stirling Moss, Mike Hawthorn, Beno\u00eet Musy, Wolfgang von Trips and Luigi Villoresi following chase behind.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 37], "content_span": [38, 597]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074115-0003-0001", "contents": "1956 Swedish Grand Prix, Report, Race\nAlready out was Piero Taruffi, having been hit by the Jaguar of Ron Flockhart when his brakes locked up. While Flockhart was able to limp back to the pits for repairs, Taruffi was out on the spot. After the first hour, the only change was that Hawthorn momentarily overdid things, and this let von Trips though into third.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 37], "content_span": [38, 360]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074115-0004-0000", "contents": "1956 Swedish Grand Prix, Report, Race\nFrancisco Godin-Sales went off the road and was pushed back by the locals. He later stopped to hand over to Jo Bonnier, but due to axle damage the Maserati did not get far and retired on lap 25. A lap later, Musy's 300S was sidelined with gearbox troubles, while Flockhart gave his dented Jaguar to Ninian Sanderson. Just before two hour mark, the leaders began to make their routine stops for fuel and driver changes.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 37], "content_span": [38, 456]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074115-0004-0001", "contents": "1956 Swedish Grand Prix, Report, Race\nMaurice Trintignant in sixth place gave over his Ferrari to Phil Hill, and Collins to Olivier Gendebien, while Moss took over the lead, followed by von Trips, Hawthorn and Eugenio Castellotti. Hawthorn went off the track again and into the undergrowth, so when he handed the car over to Alfonso de Portago, large clods of earth and gross dropped off the car. At 2:30pm, and on lap 61, both Moss and von Trips made their pit stops. Moss's Maserati took on fuel, rear wheels and with Jean Behra now behind the wheel, set off without losing the lead. Meanwhile, Collins took over from von Trips, and last of all Castellotti stopped and handed over to Fangio.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 37], "content_span": [38, 693]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074115-0005-0000", "contents": "1956 Swedish Grand Prix, Report, Race\nOnce all the major stops were completed, Behra was in the lead, followed by Fangio, Collins, and Gendebien. As for the Jaguars, the Le Mans winning team, Ecurie Ecosse were as neat and quick as at Circuit de la Sarthe, with Jock Lawrence taken over from Sanderson, while Desmond Titterington replaced Flockhart.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 37], "content_span": [38, 349]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074115-0006-0000", "contents": "1956 Swedish Grand Prix, Report, Race\nThe long procession of red sports cars suddenly turned into confusion, when Behra ran out of brakes and needed two stops to make adjustments, meanwhile Gendebien's Ferrari was leaking oil and stopped for a refill, letting Robert Manzon have a go. He did not go far before the engine's oil level dropped and stopped with a bang. Both Collins and Hill went off the road due to the resultant oil patch, while Portago was sideways on for a long while, during which Flockhart managed to avoid him by a small margin.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 37], "content_span": [38, 548]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074115-0006-0001", "contents": "1956 Swedish Grand Prix, Report, Race\nHill motored on through the corn field until he found his way back to the track, while Collins lost more time trying get back on the track, the same way he entered the field. This resulted in Fangio taking the lead, with Hill now in second, Portago third and Collins fourth. The leading Maserati was now in fifth with Harry Schell in the Villoresi car, and Behra struggling back in sixth. Flockhart retired with a blown engine when a rod broke, and Maserati decided to add Moss to the Villoresi/Schell car to try to improve on the fifth position.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 37], "content_span": [38, 584]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074115-0006-0002", "contents": "1956 Swedish Grand Prix, Report, Race\nHowever, the pit stop did not go well, for fuel and oil was put in, while the rear wheels were changed. But everyone got in everyone's way, fuel was slopped over the pit lane, one mechanic tripped over the jack, and amidst the pools of oil, petrol and water. Moss eventually got away. Then Behra decided he was tired of driving without brakes, came in for Villoresi to take over. With gallons of petrol all over the car and the ground, suddenly there was a boomph and the whole lot was on fire.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 37], "content_span": [38, 532]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074115-0006-0003", "contents": "1956 Swedish Grand Prix, Report, Race\nThe prompt action of the fire brigade, who were ever at the ready, the whole pits might have gone up in flames. After a few tense moments, the Maserati lay under a heavy covering of foam, as was most of the pit crew. The explosion split the fuel tank, as the Maserati was wheeled away into retirement.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 37], "content_span": [38, 339]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074115-0007-0000", "contents": "1956 Swedish Grand Prix, Report, Race\nMoss was unable to improve on his fifth place. The order was Fangio, Portago, Hill and Collins, and by 5pm, all the Ferraris had undergone another round of driver changes. Castellotti took over from Fangio, Duncan Hamilton took the Portago car. Trips went back his own car from Collins, and Hill returned his 290 MM to Trintignant. By the time driver shuffling was complete, the order was Castellotti, Trintignant, Trips and Hawthorn. In the meantime, Moss had disappeared down an escape road with no brakes. Sanderson withdrawn the remaining Ecurie Ecosse Jaguar, with a failed rear axle. This left the local Swedish-driven Ferrari in fifth. Then, Castellotti engine blew, leaving the Trintignant at the head of the remaining cars.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 37], "content_span": [38, 770]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074115-0008-0000", "contents": "1956 Swedish Grand Prix, Report, Race\nIt was all over now, and the Ferraris slowed their surviving car, ensuring they complete the last hour of racing, and with the race in the bag, Ferrari reclaimed the World Sportscar Championship. As a result of Castellotti's retirement, Hill and Trintignant in car number 3, took an impressive victory, winning in a time of 6hrs :33.47.7 mins., averaging a speed of 94.690\u00a0mph. In second was the Ferrari of Collins and von Trips, just 39.9s drift. The podium was complete by another works Ferrari, of Portago, Hawthorn and Hamilton, who were a lap adrift.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 37], "content_span": [38, 593]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074115-0009-0000", "contents": "1956 Swedish Grand Prix, Standings after the race\nChampionship points were awarded for the first six places in each race in the order of 8-6-4-3-2-1. Manufacturers were only awarded points for their highest finishing car with no points awarded for positions filled by additional cars. Only the best 3 results out of the 5 races could be retained by each manufacturer. Total points scored are listed within brackets in the above table.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 49], "content_span": [50, 434]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074116-0000-0000", "contents": "1956 Swedish general election\nGeneral elections were held in Sweden on 16 September 1956. The Swedish Social Democratic Party remained the largest party, winning 106 of the 231 seats in the Second Chamber of the Riksdag. A Social Democratic-Farmers' League coalition government was formed by Prime Minister Tage Erlander after the election with 125 of the total of 231 seats. Although the non-socialist parties held a majority in the Second Chamber, the Social Democrats held a majority in the First Chamber, so a non-socialist government could not be formed.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [29, 29], "content_span": [30, 559]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074116-0001-0000", "contents": "1956 Swedish general election\nThe election was dominated by economic issues. The right-wing opposition focused issues such as taxes on income and companies, as well as regulation in the construction sector. The Erlander government mainly put front social policy and its policy of full employment. Through the use of radio and television the election was now more centralized than ever, with increased focus on the party leaders. A new generation of younger and more fiery party leaders had been elected between 1944-1950, which effected the climate of the debate.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [29, 29], "content_span": [30, 563]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074116-0001-0001", "contents": "1956 Swedish general election\nThe tendencies of the previous election continued, with both governing parties losing seats, the Farmers league more so than the Social democrats. The election triggered a discussion within the farmers league about parting from the governing coalition, as the governing parties had a difference of opinion on several issues since the past election. In the end however the farmers league decided to stay in government with the Social democrats, with the coalition breaking up over the question of pension reform in 1957, leading to the formation of Tage Erlander's third government and a snap election in 1958", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [29, 29], "content_span": [30, 638]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074117-0000-0000", "contents": "1956 Swiss referendums\nFive referendums were held in Switzerland during 1956. The first was held on 4 March on a federal resolution on a limited extension of price controls, and was approved by voters. The second and third were held on 13 May on a popular initiative \"on the grant of concessions for water usage\" and a federal resolution on government efforts to strengthen the economy of Graub\u00fcnden, both of which were rejected by voters. The fourth and fifth were held on 30 September on a federal resolution on changing the breadstuffs law and a petition about decisions on expenditure taken by the Federal Assembly, both of which were also rejected.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [22, 22], "content_span": [23, 653]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074118-0000-0000", "contents": "1956 Sydney to Hobart Yacht Race\nThe 1956 Sydney to Hobart Yacht Race, was the 12th annual running of the \"blue water classic\" Sydney to Hobart Yacht Race.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [32, 32], "content_span": [33, 155]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074118-0001-0000", "contents": "1956 Sydney to Hobart Yacht Race\nHosted by the Cruising Yacht Club of Australia based in Sydney, New South Wales, the 1956 edition began on Sydney Harbour, at noon on Boxing Day (26 December 1955), before heading south for 630 nautical miles (1,170\u00a0km) through the Tasman Sea, past Bass Strait, into Storm Bay and up the River Derwent, to cross the finish line in Hobart, Tasmania.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [32, 32], "content_span": [33, 381]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074118-0002-0000", "contents": "1956 Sydney to Hobart Yacht Race\nThe 1956 Sydney to Hobart Yacht Race comprised a fleet of 28 competitors, an increase of 11 yachts compared to the number in the 1955 race. Line-honours were awarded to Kurrewa IV, which raced out of New South Wales and was owned and skippered by brother's J. & F. Livingston.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [32, 32], "content_span": [33, 309]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074118-0003-0000", "contents": "1956 Sydney to Hobart Yacht Race, 1956 fleet\n28 yachts registered to begin the 1953 Sydney to Hobart Yacht race. They are:", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 44], "content_span": [45, 122]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074119-0000-0000", "contents": "1956 Sylvania Television Awards\nThe 1956 Sylvania Television Awards were presented on December 6, 1955, at the Plaza Hotel in New York City. Don Ameche was the master of ceremonies. The Sylvania Awards were established by Sylvania Electric Products. Deems Taylor was the chairman of the committee of judges.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [31, 31], "content_span": [32, 307]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074120-0000-0000", "contents": "1956 Syracuse Grand Prix\nThe 1956 Syracuse Grand Prix was a motor race, set to Formula One rules, held on 15 April 1956 at the Syracuse Circuit, Sicily. The race was won by Argentinean Juan Manuel Fangio, in his Scuderia Ferrari entered Lancia D50.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [24, 24], "content_span": [25, 248]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074121-0000-0000", "contents": "1956 Syracuse Orangemen football team\nThe 1956 Syracuse Orangemen football team represented Syracuse University in the 1956 NCAA University Division football season. The Orangemen were led by eighth-year head coach Ben Schwartzwalder and played their home games at Archbold Stadium in Syracuse, New York. Syracuse finished the regular season with a record of 7\u20131, and were ranked 8th in both final polls. They were awarded the Lambert Trophy, which signified them as champions of the East. Syracuse was invited to the 1957 Cotton Bowl, where they were defeated by TCU.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [37, 37], "content_span": [38, 568]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074121-0001-0000", "contents": "1956 Syracuse Orangemen football team\nThe team was led by unanimous All-American halfback Jim Brown. Brown set school records in average yards-per-carry (6.2), single-season rushing yards (986), single-game rushing touchdowns (6, vs. Colgate), and most points scored in a game (43, vs. Colgate). He was drafted sixth overall in the 1957 NFL Draft and went on to become one of the most celebrated professional athletes of all time.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [37, 37], "content_span": [38, 430]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074122-0000-0000", "contents": "1956 S\u00e3o Paulo FC season\nThe 1956 football season was S\u00e3o Paulo's 27th season since club's existence.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [24, 24], "content_span": [25, 101]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074123-0000-0000", "contents": "1956 TANFL season\nThe 1956 Tasmanian Australian National Football League (TANFL) premiership season was an Australian rules football competition staged in Hobart, Tasmania over fifteen (15) roster rounds and four (4) finals series matches between 31 March and 8 September 1956.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [17, 17], "content_span": [18, 277]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074123-0001-0000", "contents": "1956 TANFL season, 1956 TANFL Ladder, Round 1\n(Saturday, 31 March. Monday, 2 April & Saturday 7 April 1956)", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 45], "content_span": [46, 107]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074123-0002-0000", "contents": "1956 TANFL season, 1956 TANFL Ladder, Round 15\nNote: Final senior TANFL match staged at New Town Oval, New Town relocated to Glenorchy after this season, moving to KGV Park.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 46], "content_span": [47, 173]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074123-0003-0000", "contents": "1956 TANFL season, 1956 TANFL Ladder, Grand Final\nSource: All scores and statistics courtesy of the Hobart Mercury and Saturday Evening Mercury (SEM) publications.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 49], "content_span": [50, 163]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074124-0000-0000", "contents": "1956 TCU Horned Frogs football team\nThe 1956 TCU Horned Frogs football team represented Texas Christian University (TCU) in the 1956 NCAA University Division football season. The Horned Frogs finished the season 8\u20133 overall and 5\u20131 in the Southwest Conference. The team was coached by Abe Martin in his fourth year as head coach. The Frogs played their home games in Amon G. Carter Stadium, which is located on campus in Fort Worth, Texas. They were invited to the Cotton Bowl Classic where they won against Syracuse by a score of 28\u201327.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [35, 35], "content_span": [36, 537]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074124-0001-0000", "contents": "1956 TCU Horned Frogs football team\nFollowing the 1955 season, TCU expanded Amon G. Carter stadium with the addition of a two-level press box and upper deck area. The upper deck area introduced a large, block-letter stylization of the TCU logo on the seats, which measured approximately 60' x 120' feet in design. The design is visible to the opposing stands, as well as to planes descending into the DFW International Airport. Upon completion of the expansion, the official seating capacity of the stadium was raised from 37,000 to 46,083.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [35, 35], "content_span": [36, 540]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074125-0000-0000", "contents": "1956 Tampa Spartans football team\nThe 1956 Tampa Spartans football team represented the University of Tampa as an independent during the 1956 NCAA College Division football season. It was the Spartans' 20th season. The team was led by head coach Marcelino Huerta, in his fifth year, and played their home games at Phillips Field in Tampa, Florida. They finished with a record of seven wins and two losses (7\u20132).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [33, 33], "content_span": [34, 411]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074126-0000-0000", "contents": "1956 Tangerine Bowl\nThe 1956 Tangerine Bowl was an American college football bowl game played after the 1955 season, on January 2, 1956, at the Tangerine Bowl stadium in Orlando, Florida. The Juniata Indians  with a record of 8\u20130 faced the Missouri Valley Vikings with a record of 9\u20131. Juniata had outscored their regular season opponents 240\u201332 with 4 shutouts, and had a 23-game winning streak, while Missouri Valley had outscored their opponents 207\u201384 with 2 shutouts. The teams played to a 6\u20136 tie.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [19, 19], "content_span": [20, 503]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074126-0001-0000", "contents": "1956 Tangerine Bowl, Game summary\nAll scoring took place in the first quarter, with each team scoring a touchdown via a passing play, and both teams missing their extra point attempts. Despite other scoring chances, including Juniata having two first-and-goal opportunities in the fourth quarter, the game ended in a 6\u20136 tie.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [21, 33], "content_span": [34, 325]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074127-0000-0000", "contents": "1956 Tasmanian state election\nThe Tasmanian state election, 1956 was held on 13 October 1956  in the Australian state of Tasmania to elect 30 members of the Tasmanian House of Assembly. The election used the Hare-Clark proportional representation system \u2014 six members were elected from each of five electorates.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [29, 29], "content_span": [30, 311]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074127-0001-0000", "contents": "1956 Tasmanian state election, Background\nThe 1955 election had resulted in a parliamentary deadlock between the Labor and Liberal parties, although Robert Cosgrove remained Premier of Tasmania. On 11 September 1956, Cosgrove's minister for housing, Carrol Bramich, resigned from the ALP following an internal row, party switching and giving the Liberal opposition a majority. Cosgrove obtained a dissolution of parliament from the Governor of Tasmania, and an election was called for 13 October.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 41], "content_span": [42, 496]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074127-0002-0000", "contents": "1956 Tasmanian state election, Background\nThe electorate of Darwin had been renamed in 1955 to Braddon, after former Premier Sir Edward Braddon.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 41], "content_span": [42, 144]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074127-0003-0000", "contents": "1956 Tasmanian state election, Results\nFollowing the 1956 election, the ALP and Liberals remained in a 15-seat deadlock. Despite Bramich's defection to the Liberals, Labor picked up a seat in Bramich's electorate of Braddon, maintaining the status quo with Cosgrove and the ALP still in power.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 38], "content_span": [39, 293]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074127-0004-0000", "contents": "1956 Tasmanian state election, Results\nTasmanian state election, 13 October 1956House of Assembly << 1955\u20131959 >>", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 38], "content_span": [39, 113]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074127-0005-0000", "contents": "1956 Tasmanian state election, Aftermath\nThe subsequent election in 1959 saw the number of seats in the Tasmanian House of Assembly increased to 35, which would prevent the kind of deadlock which resulted from having an even number of seats in the house.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 40], "content_span": [41, 254]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074128-0000-0000", "contents": "1956 Taunton by-election\nThe 1956 Taunton by-election was held on 14 February 1956. It was held due to the elevation to a hereditary peerage of the Conservative MP, Henry Hopkinson. The seat was retained by the Conservative candidate Edward du Cann, albeit with a narrow majority of 657 votes.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [24, 24], "content_span": [25, 293]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074129-0000-0000", "contents": "1956 Ta\u00e7a de Portugal Final\nThe 1956 Ta\u00e7a de Portugal Final was the final match of the 1955\u201356 Ta\u00e7a de Portugal, the 16th season of the Ta\u00e7a de Portugal, the premier Portuguese football cup competition organized by the Portuguese Football Federation (FPF). The match was played on 27 May 1956 at the Est\u00e1dio Nacional in Oeiras, and opposed two Primeira Liga sides: Porto and Torreense. Porto defeated Torreense 2\u20130 to claim their first Ta\u00e7a de Portugal.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [27, 27], "content_span": [28, 453]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074130-0000-0000", "contents": "1956 Team Speedway Polish Championship\n1956 Team Speedway Polish Championship season was the ninth season and is used to determine the Team Polish Champion.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [38, 38], "content_span": [39, 156]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074130-0001-0000", "contents": "1956 Team Speedway Polish Championship, First League\nIn First League, matches were played with part two teams, with it playing it matches return. Teams were made up of six drivers plus one reserve. The score of heat: 3-2-1-0. Mecz consisted with 12 heats. For winning a game a team received 2 points, draw - 1 point, lost - 0 points. The drivers from main squad started in match four times. The quantity of small points was added up.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 52], "content_span": [53, 433]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074130-0002-0000", "contents": "1956 Team Speedway Polish Championship, First League\nThe 2 competing teams shall each consist of 7 drivers: 6 drivers having programmed drivers and the seventh driver being a substitute, as follows:", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 52], "content_span": [53, 198]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074130-0003-0000", "contents": "1956 Team Speedway Polish Championship, Second League\nIn Second League, matches were played with part two teams, with it playing it matches return. Teams were made up of six riders plus two reserve. The scoring of a heat: 3-2-1-0. Mecz consisted with 9 heats. For winning a  game a team received 2 points, draw - 1 point, loss - 0 points. The riders from the main squad started in the match three times. The quantity of small points was added up.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 53], "content_span": [54, 446]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074131-0000-0000", "contents": "1956 Temple Owls football team\nThe 1956 Temple Owls football team was an American football team that represented Temple University as an independent during the 1956 NCAA College Division football season. In its first season under head coach Peter P. Stevens, the team compiled a 3\u20135 record. The team played its home games at Temple Stadium in Philadelphia.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [30, 30], "content_span": [31, 356]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074132-0000-0000", "contents": "1956 Tennessee A&I Tigers football team\nThe 1956 Tennessee A&I Tigers football team represented Tennessee Agricultural & Industrial State College as a member of the Midwest Athletic Association (MAA) during the 1956 NCAA College Division football season. In their second season under head coach Howard C. Gentry, the Tigers compiled a perfect 10\u20130 record, won the MAA championship, shut out five of ten opponents, and outscored all opponents by a total of 394 to 64. The team was also recognized as black college national champion.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [39, 39], "content_span": [40, 531]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074132-0001-0000", "contents": "1956 Tennessee A&I Tigers football team\nThe team was led by halfbacks Jesse Wilburn and Ray Mitchell, quarterback Robert Crawford, ends Don Taylor and Leon Jamison, and tackle Charles Gavin. Allowing only 25 points in nine regular season games, the team had the best scoring defense in the country.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [39, 39], "content_span": [40, 298]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074133-0000-0000", "contents": "1956 Tennessee Volunteers football team\nThe 1956 Tennessee Volunteers football team (variously Tennessee, UT, or the Vols) represented the University of Tennessee in the 1956 NCAA University Division football season. Playing as a member of the Southeastern Conference (SEC), the team was led by head coach Bowden Wyatt, in his second year, and played their home games at Shields\u2013Watkins Field in Knoxville, Tennessee. They finished the season with a record of ten wins and one loss (10\u20131 overall, 6\u20130 in the SEC), as SEC Champions and with a loss against Baylor in the Sugar Bowl. The Volunteers offense scored 275 points while the defense allowed 88 points.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [39, 39], "content_span": [40, 658]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074134-0000-0000", "contents": "1956 Texas A&M Aggies football team\nThe 1956 Texas A&M Aggies football team represented Texas A&M University in the 1956 NCAA University Division football season. The team won the Southwest Conference and compiled an overall record of 9\u20130\u20131, including a 6\u20130 record in conference play. The team was coached by Paul \"Bear\" Bryant.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [35, 35], "content_span": [36, 328]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074135-0000-0000", "contents": "1956 Texas Longhorns football team\nThe 1956 Texas Longhorns football team represented the University of Texas at Austin during the 1956 NCAA University Division football season. In 1956, the Texas A&M Aggies were the first Aggie football team to beat the Texas Longhorns at Memorial Stadium. The win was Bear Bryant's only victory versus a University of Texas football team.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [34, 34], "content_span": [35, 374]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074136-0000-0000", "contents": "1956 Texas Tech Red Raiders football team\nThe 1956 Texas Tech Red Raiders football team represented Texas Tech University as an independent during the 1956 NCAA University Division football season. In their sixth season under head coach DeWitt Weaver, the Red Raiders compiled a 2\u20137\u20131 record and were outscored by opponents by a combined total of 216 to 117. The team's statistical leaders included Buddy Hill with 326 passing yards, Doug Duncan with 360 rushing yards, and Ken Vakey with 180 receiving yards. The team played its home games at Clifford B. and Audrey Jones Stadium.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 41], "section_span": [41, 41], "content_span": [42, 581]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074137-0000-0000", "contents": "1956 Texas Western Miners football team\nThe 1956 Texas Western Miners football team was an American football team that represented Texas Western College (now known as University of Texas at El Paso) as a member of the Border Conference during the 1956 NCAA University Division football season. In its seventh and final season under head coach Mike Brumbelow, the team compiled a 9\u20132 record (5\u20130 against Border Conference opponents), won the conference championship, and outscored all opponents by a total of 305 to 78.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [39, 39], "content_span": [40, 518]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074137-0001-0000", "contents": "1956 Texas Western Miners football team\nThe team's statistical leaders included quarterback Bob Laraba with 568 passing yards and 743 yards of total offense, Jimmy Bevers with 606 rushing yards and 54 points scored, halfback Don Maynard with 275 receiving yards, and end Bob Forrest with 849 all-purpose yards. Maynard later played 17 years of professional football and was inducted into the Pro Football Hall of Fame.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [39, 39], "content_span": [40, 418]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074137-0002-0000", "contents": "1956 Texas Western Miners football team\nFive Texas Western players received first-team honors on the 1956 All-Border Conference team: Laraba; Maynard; Forrest; guard Ken George; and tackle Keith Wharton. Mike Brumbelow was also named Border Conference Coach of the Year.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [39, 39], "content_span": [40, 270]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074138-0000-0000", "contents": "1956 Texas gubernatorial election\nThe 1956 Texas gubernatorial election was held on November 6, 1956, to elect the Governor of Texas. Incumbent Democratic Governor Allan Shivers did not run for a fourth term. Senator Price Daniel won the election with over 78% of the vote.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [33, 33], "content_span": [34, 273]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074139-0000-0000", "contents": "1956 The Citadel Bulldogs football team\nThe 1956 The Citadel Bulldogs football team represented The Citadel, The Military College of South Carolina in the 1956 NCAA University Division football season. John Sauer served as head coach for the second season. The Bulldogs played as members of the Southern Conference and played home games at Johnson Hagood Stadium.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [39, 39], "content_span": [40, 363]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074140-0000-0000", "contents": "1956 Tipperary Senior Hurling Championship\nThe 1956 Tipperary Senior Hurling Championship was the 66th staging of the Tipperary Senior Hurling Championship since its establishment by the Tipperary County Board in 1887.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 42], "section_span": [42, 42], "content_span": [43, 218]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074140-0001-0000", "contents": "1956 Tipperary Senior Hurling Championship\nOn 30 September 1956, Thurles Sarsfields won the championship after a 3-08 to 1-04 defeat of Lorrha in the final at Thurles Sportsfield. It was their 19th championship title overall and their second title in succession.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 42], "section_span": [42, 42], "content_span": [43, 262]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074141-0000-0000", "contents": "1956 Titleholders Championship\nThe 1956 Titleholders Championship was contested from March 8\u201311 at Augusta Country Club. It was the 17th edition of the Titleholders Championship.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [30, 30], "content_span": [31, 178]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074142-0000-0000", "contents": "1956 Toledo Rockets football team\nThe 1956 Toledo Rockets football team was an American football team that represented Toledo University in the Mid-American Conference (MAC) during the 1956 NCAA University Division football season. In their first and only season under head coach Jack Morton, the Rockets compiled a 1\u20137\u20131 record (1\u20135 against MAC opponents), finished in seventh place in the MAC, and were outscored by their opponents by a combined total of 250 to 118.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [33, 33], "content_span": [34, 468]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074142-0001-0000", "contents": "1956 Toledo Rockets football team\nThe team's statistical leaders included Sam Tisci with 354 passing yards, Don Wright with 498 rushing yards, and Dan Howell with 218 receiving yards.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [33, 33], "content_span": [34, 183]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074143-0000-0000", "contents": "1956 Tonbridge by-election\nThe 1956 Tonbridge by-election was held on 7 June 1956 due to the resignation of the Conservative MP, Gerald Williams. It was retained by the Conservative candidate Richard Hornby. Although Tonbridge was usually a safe Conservative seat this election was fought with a local Labour politician and against the backdrop of Anthony Eden's unpopular government so the Conservative majority was cut to barely 1,600 votes.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [26, 26], "content_span": [27, 443]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074144-0000-0000", "contents": "1956 Torneo God\u00f3\nThe 1956 Torneo God\u00f3 was the fourth edition of the Torneo God\u00f3 annual tennis tournament played on clay courts in Barcelona, Spain and it took place from May 28 to June 3, 1956.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 16], "section_span": [16, 16], "content_span": [17, 193]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074145-0000-0000", "contents": "1956 Torneo di Viareggio\nThe 1956 winners of the Torneo di Viareggio (in English, the Viareggio Tournament, officially the Viareggio Cup World Football Tournament Coppa Carnevale), the annual youth football tournament held in Viareggio, Tuscany, are listed below.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [24, 24], "content_span": [25, 263]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074145-0001-0000", "contents": "1956 Torneo di Viareggio, Format\nThe 16 teams are organized in knockout rounds, all played single tie.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 32], "content_span": [33, 102]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074146-0000-0000", "contents": "1956 Toronto Argonauts season\nThe 1956 Toronto Argonauts finished in fourth place in the Interprovincial Rugby Football Union with a 4\u201310 record and failed to make the playoffs.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [29, 29], "content_span": [30, 177]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074147-0000-0000", "contents": "1956 Toronto municipal election\nMunicipal elections were held in Toronto, Ontario, Canada, on December 3, 1956. Incumbent mayor Nathan Phillips was easily reelected. Jean Newman became the first woman elected to the Board of Control, and topped the poll to become budget chief.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [31, 31], "content_span": [32, 277]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074147-0001-0000", "contents": "1956 Toronto municipal election, Toronto mayor\nNathan Phillips, elected two years earlier, faced only limited opposition from Trotskyist Ross Dowson and was easily reelected.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 46], "content_span": [47, 174]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074147-0002-0000", "contents": "1956 Toronto municipal election, Board of Control\nAll four sitting Board of Control members chose to run for re-election. Controller and former mayor Leslie Saunders was pushed off the board by Jean Newman's victory. Newman is the first woman to be elected to the Board of Control or to win a city-wide election in Toronto. The most senior two Controllers in terms of votes also sat on Metro Toronto Council.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 49], "content_span": [50, 408]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074147-0003-0000", "contents": "1956 Toronto municipal election, City council\nTwo aldermen were elected per Ward. The alderman with the most votes was declared Senior Alderman and sat on both Toronto City Council and Metro Council.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 45], "content_span": [46, 199]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074147-0004-0000", "contents": "1956 Toronto municipal election, City council\nResults are taken from the December 4, 1956 Toronto Star and might not exactly match final tallies.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 45], "content_span": [46, 145]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074147-0005-0000", "contents": "1956 Toronto municipal election, Changes\nWard 7 Alderman John Kucherepa resigned January 6, 1958 having been elected in the 1957 Federal Election; Thomas Wilson was appointed replacement on January 20.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 40], "content_span": [41, 201]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074147-0006-0000", "contents": "1956 Toronto municipal election, Suburbs, East York\nJack R. Allen defeated business executive C. Howard Chandler. Source:", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 51], "content_span": [52, 121]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074147-0007-0000", "contents": "1956 Toronto municipal election, Suburbs, Etobicoke\nDeputy Reeve Waffle defeated Bennett, a former Toronto alderman to replace retiring reeve Bev Lewis.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 51], "content_span": [52, 152]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074147-0008-0000", "contents": "1956 Toronto municipal election, Suburbs, North York\nCouncillor Singer defeated former deputy reeve Hook to replace retiring reeve, Fred McMahon. Source:", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 52], "content_span": [53, 153]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074148-0000-0000", "contents": "1956 Tour de France\nThe 1956 Tour de France was the 43rd edition of the Tour de France, taking place from 5 to 28 July. It consisted of 22 stages over 4,498\u00a0km (2,795\u00a0mi).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [19, 19], "content_span": [20, 171]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074148-0001-0000", "contents": "1956 Tour de France\nThere was no previous Tour winner competing for the 1956 Tour, which had only previously happened in 1903 and 1927. An unknown rider from a regional team, Roger Walkowiak on the Northeast-Center French team, ended up winning the Tour. Many Tour fans dismissed the win as being lucky or unworthy at the time, which Walkowiak took hard; this made him not often speak of his win.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [19, 19], "content_span": [20, 396]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074148-0002-0000", "contents": "1956 Tour de France\nThe Tour was ridden at the fastest average speed so far, over 36\u00a0km/h. Walkowiak became only the second rider, after Firmin Lambot in the 1922 Tour de France, to win without taking a single stage.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [19, 19], "content_span": [20, 216]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074148-0003-0000", "contents": "1956 Tour de France, Innovations\nIn the previous years, a flat tyre had to be repaired, but from 1956 on, it was allowed to change wheels.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [21, 32], "content_span": [33, 138]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074148-0004-0000", "contents": "1956 Tour de France, Teams\nAs was the custom since the 1930 Tour de France, the 1956 Tour de France was contested by national and regional teams. Seven national teams were sent, with 10 cyclists each from France, Italy, Belgium, the Netherlands, Spain, Switzerland and Luxembourg/Mixed (the latter a combined team of seven Luxembourgian cyclists added with one Portuguese, on British and one Italian cyclist). France additionally sent five regional teams from 10 cyclists each, divided into North-East/Centre, South-East, West, \u00cele-de-France and South-West. In total, 120 cyclists started the race.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [21, 26], "content_span": [27, 598]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074148-0005-0000", "contents": "1956 Tour de France, Pre-race favourites\nThe winner of the three previous editions, Louison Bobet, was absent because he had surgery. Because there were less climbs and no mountain top finishes, cycling experts expected this edition to be too easy. No other former Tour de France winner started the race. This was the third time in history that the race started without former winners, after the initial 1903 Tour de France and the 1927 Tour de France.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [21, 40], "content_span": [41, 452]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074148-0006-0000", "contents": "1956 Tour de France, Pre-race favourites\nBecause Bobet was not there, the race was open, and there were many riders thought able to win the Tour. The most favourite of these was probably Charly Gaul, who had won the 1956 Giro d'Italia, although he was in a weak team, and would also be aiming for the mountains classification.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [21, 40], "content_span": [41, 326]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074148-0007-0000", "contents": "1956 Tour de France, Route and stages\nThe 1956 Tour de France started on 5 July, and had two rest days, in Bordeaux and Aix-les-Provence. The highest point of elevation in the race was 2,360\u00a0m (7,740\u00a0ft) at the summit of the Col d'Izoard mountain pass on stage 17.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [21, 37], "content_span": [38, 264]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074148-0008-0000", "contents": "1956 Tour de France, Race overview\nThe first stage was won by Andr\u00e9 Darrigade, one of the best sprinters of that time. In the third stage, a small group escaped and finished with a margin of fifteen minutes; Gilbert Desmet became the new leader. The time trial of stage four was won by Gaul. In the second part of the fourth stage, Roger Hassenforder escaped, and a took a group with him, including Darrigade. Desmet was not in that group, and lost more than 15 minutes, which made Darrigade leader again.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [21, 34], "content_span": [35, 505]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074148-0009-0000", "contents": "1956 Tour de France, Race overview\nIn the seventh stage, the peloton broke in two, and a large group of 31 cyclists finished more than 18 minutes ahead. This group included Roger Walkowiak, who had also been in the escaped group in the fourth stage, and became the new leader. Walkowiak's team manager, Sauveur Ducazeaux, advised Walkowiak that it would be too tough to try to remain the leader for the rest of the race, and suggested that Walkowiak lose the first place, and aim to regain it later in the race. In the tenth stage, Walkowiak lost time, and Gerrit Voorting who had also been part of the large breakaway group in stage seven, became the new leader. Voorting lost the lead in the next stage to Darrigade, who himself lost the lead to Jan Adriaensens in the twelfth stage.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [21, 34], "content_span": [35, 785]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074148-0010-0000", "contents": "1956 Tour de France, Race overview\nIn the fifteenth stage, the entire Belgian team was weak. Most Tour followers thought it was due to a doping practice that went wrong, but officially it was attributed to food poisoning. Adriaensens lost more than nine minutes, which made Wout Wagtmans the new leader. During the seventeenth stage, there was yet another escape, which included leader Wagtmans and Walkowiak, in fifth position in the general classification. The riders in second, third and fourth place were not in the escape, so Walkowiak moved up to the second place, more than four minutes behind Wagtmans.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [21, 34], "content_span": [35, 610]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074148-0010-0001", "contents": "1956 Tour de France, Race overview\nThe eighteenth stage was the last chance for the climbing specialists to win back time, and so Gaul, Bahamontes and Ockers were aiming to win back time. Gaul escaped, and won the stage alone, with Ockers in second place. During the last climb, Bahamontes dismounted and threw his bike down the ravine, wanting to stop the race. The Spanish team was able to retrieve the bike, and convince Bahamontes to continue. Bahamontes finished the race in the group behind Ockers. The surprise of the day was that Walkowiak had been able to remain with Bahamontes, whereas Wagtmans (normally a decent climber) lost eight minutes more. Walkowiak took the first place in the general classification, with a margin of almost 4 minutes to Gilbert Bauvin.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [21, 34], "content_span": [35, 773]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074148-0011-0000", "contents": "1956 Tour de France, Race overview\nIn the time trial of stage 20, Bauvin performed very well, finishing in fifth place. Walkowiak ended in 24th place, but this was enough to keep a 1'25\" lead. In the 21st stage, Roger Hassenforder won his fourth stage of this Tour, after a solitary breakaway of 187\u00a0km.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [21, 34], "content_span": [35, 303]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074148-0012-0000", "contents": "1956 Tour de France, Classification leadership and minor prizes\nThe time that each cyclist required to finish each stage was recorded, and these times were added together for the general classification. If a cyclist had received a time bonus, it was subtracted from this total; all time penalties were added to this total. The cyclist with the least accumulated time was the race leader, identified by the yellow jersey. Of the 120 cyclists that started the 1956 Tour de France, 88 finished the race.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [21, 63], "content_span": [64, 500]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074148-0013-0000", "contents": "1956 Tour de France, Classification leadership and minor prizes\nThe points classification in 1956 was calculated in the same way as since the introduction in 1953, following the calculation method from the Tours de France from 1905 to 1912. Points were given according to the ranking of the stage: the winner received one points, the next cyclist two points, and so on. These points were added, and the cyclist with the fewest points was the leader of the points classification. In 1956, this was won by Stan Ockers with 280 points. Over 22 stages (including one split stage), this meant that his average stage finish was approximately place 13.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [21, 63], "content_span": [64, 645]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074148-0014-0000", "contents": "1956 Tour de France, Classification leadership and minor prizes\nPoints for the mountains classification were earned by reaching the mountain tops first. The system was almost the same as in 1955: there were three types of mountain tops: the hardest ones, in category 1, gave 10 points to the first cyclist, the easier ones, in category 2, gave 6 points to the first cyclist, and the easiest ones, in category 3, gave 3 points. Charly Gaul won this classification.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [21, 63], "content_span": [64, 463]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074148-0015-0000", "contents": "1956 Tour de France, Classification leadership and minor prizes\nThe team classification was calculated as the sum of the daily team classifications, and the daily team classification was calculated by adding the times in the stage result of the best three cyclists per team. It was won by the Belgian team, with a large margin over the Italian team. Every team finished with at least three cyclists, so all teams were included in the team classification.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [21, 63], "content_span": [64, 454]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074148-0016-0000", "contents": "1956 Tour de France, Classification leadership and minor prizes\nIn addition, there was a combativity award given after each stage to the cyclist considered most combative. The split stages each had a combined winner. The decision was made by a jury composed of journalists who gave points. The cyclist with the most points from votes in all stages led the combativity classification. Andr\u00e9 Darrigade won this classification, and was given overall the super-combativity award. After every stage, the jury also gave a prize to the cyclist with the most bad luck. The award for most bad luck during the entire Tour de France went to Fernand Picot. The Souvenir Henri Desgrange was given in honour of Tour founder Henri Desgrange to the first rider to pass a point on stage 2 in village of Cysoing in the far north, marking 200,000 kilometres travelled in Tour de France history. This prize was won by Pierre Pardo\u00ebn.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [21, 63], "content_span": [64, 913]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074148-0017-0000", "contents": "1956 Tour de France, Aftermath\nThe cycling fans had not been happy to see unknown Walkowiak win the race, and he was not cheered for when the race finished in the Parc des Princes. Walkowiak was considered an unworthy winner, and never again was able to repeat such a win. His name entered the French language in the phrase \"\u00e1 la Walko\", which means \"won by an undeserving or unknown rider\". The press gave many reasons for Walkowiak's victory: the French national team had had internal problems, Gaul and Bahamontes had been occupied with the mountains classification and Ockers with the team classification.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [21, 30], "content_span": [31, 609]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074148-0017-0001", "contents": "1956 Tour de France, Aftermath\nNot all considered him unworthy; Five-time Tour winner Bernard Hinault praised his win saying: There are people who say that Walkowiak should not have won the Tour. They should have been on that Tour! He took the jersey, he lost it and he regained it. He was not a thief. The Tour is not a gift.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [21, 30], "content_span": [31, 326]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074148-0018-0000", "contents": "1956 Tour de France, Aftermath\nWalkowiak was unhappy about how the people reacted to his Tour win, and for many years did not want to discuss it.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [21, 30], "content_span": [31, 145]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074148-0019-0000", "contents": "1956 Tour de France, Aftermath\nThe French team manager Marcel Bidot later criticized Darrigade for not helping Bauvin in the last stages; he thought that with the help of Darrigade, Bauvin might have been able to win back the 85 seconds on Walkowiak and win the race.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [21, 30], "content_span": [31, 267]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074148-0020-0000", "contents": "1956 Tour de France, Aftermath\nThis was the final Tour for Belgian rider Stan Ockers, who died in a tragic accident during a track race just a few months after this Tour ended. Of the ten Tours held after World War II, Ockers had entered eight, finished all in the top ten each time except in 1948 when he finished 11th. Ockers had won the points classification in 1955 and 1956.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [21, 30], "content_span": [31, 379]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074149-0000-0000", "contents": "1956 Tour de Hongrie\nThe 1956 Tour de Hongrie was the 17th edition of the Tour de Hongrie cycle race and was held from 29 July to 5 August 1956. The race started and finished in Budapest. The race was won by Gy\u0151z\u0151 T\u00f6r\u00f6k.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [20, 20], "content_span": [21, 220]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074150-0000-0000", "contents": "1956 Tour de Romandie\nThe 1956 Tour de Romandie was the tenth edition of the Tour de Romandie cycle race and was held from 10 May to 13 May 1956. The race started and finished in Geneva. The race was won by Pasquale Fornara.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [21, 21], "content_span": [22, 224]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074151-0000-0000", "contents": "1956 Tour de Suisse\nThe 1956 Tour de Suisse was the 20th edition of the Tour de Suisse cycle race and was held from 16 June to 23 June 1956. The race started and finished in Z\u00fcrich. The race was won by Rolf Graf.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [19, 19], "content_span": [20, 212]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074152-0000-0000", "contents": "1956 Tour of Flanders\nThe 40th running of the Tour of Flanders cycling classic was held on Easter Monday, 2 April 1956. French rider Jean Forestier won the race after a late breakaway from a 30-strong group in Wetteren. Sprint specialist Stan Ockers won the sprint for second place; Leon Van Daele was third. 37 of 122 riders finished.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [21, 21], "content_span": [22, 335]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074152-0001-0000", "contents": "1956 Tour of Flanders, Route\nThe race started in Ghent and finished in Wetteren \u2013 totaling 238 km. The course featured five categorized climbs:", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [23, 28], "content_span": [29, 143]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074153-0000-0000", "contents": "1956 Treason Trial\nThe Treason Trial was a trial in Johannesburg in which 156 people, including Nelson Mandela, were arrested in a raid and accused of treason in South Africa in 1956.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 18], "section_span": [18, 18], "content_span": [19, 183]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074153-0001-0000", "contents": "1956 Treason Trial\nThe main trial lasted until 1961, when all of the defendants were found not guilty. During the trials, Oliver Tambo left the country and was exiled. Whilst in other European and African countries, he started an organisation which helped bring publicity to the African National Congress's cause in South Africa. Some of the defendants were later convicted in the Rivonia Trial in 1964.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 18], "section_span": [18, 18], "content_span": [19, 403]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074153-0002-0000", "contents": "1956 Treason Trial\nThe treason trial must occupy a special place in South African history. That grim pre-dawn raid, deliberately calculated to strike terror into hesitant minds and impress upon the entire nation the determination of the governing clique to stifle all opposition, made one hundred and fifty-six of us, belonging to all the races of our land, into a group of accused facing one of the most serious charges in any legal system.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 18], "section_span": [18, 18], "content_span": [19, 441]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074153-0003-0000", "contents": "1956 Treason Trial, Background\nOn 5 December 1956, the South African Police's Security Branch raided and arrested 140 people from around the country on the charge of treason as they enforced the Suppression of Communism Act. Those not based in Johannesburg were flown there in military aircraft and held in custody until a hearing on 19 December 1956. The raids were follow-ups to those conducted in 1955 and included search warrants to look for documents at 48 anti-government organisations.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 18], "section_span": [20, 30], "content_span": [31, 492]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074153-0004-0000", "contents": "1956 Treason Trial, Background\nOn 19 December 1956, 153 prisoners were driven to the Johannesburg Drill Hall for a preliminary hearing to examine the state's evidence. Magistrate Frederick Wessels was the presiding judge with J.C. van Niekerk as the state's public prosecutor. An attempt by the prosecutor to proceed with the case was interrupted three times as the noise of 5,000 black South Africans, hoping to attend the case, surrounded the streets of the Drill Hall and sang Nkosi Sikeleli Afrika. The proceedings had to be halted. The Labour Party in the UK accused the South African Government of intimidating and victimising those opposed to Apartheid, condemning the trial and called South Africa a police state.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 18], "section_span": [20, 30], "content_span": [31, 721]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074153-0005-0000", "contents": "1956 Treason Trial, Background\nResuming on 20 December 1956, the hearing was interrupted again when the defence objected to their clients being behind a six-foot-high (1.8\u00a0m) wire fence. After an adjournment, it was agreed by the two sides to reduce it to a barrier four foot (1.2\u00a0m) tall. The prosecutor J.C. van Niekerk then presented an outline of his evidence stretching back to 1953 of the liberation movements activities but his evidence was soon interrupted when violence broke out outside the court.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 18], "section_span": [20, 30], "content_span": [31, 507]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074153-0005-0001", "contents": "1956 Treason Trial, Background\nAfter police began moving back the crowd of around a 1,000 black protesters, a policeman was injured by a stone and they retaliated by firing into the crowd and surrounding cars and shops, injuring fourteen people. Deputy Police Commissioner Colonel Piet Grobler was able to get his men to stop shooting and order was restored.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 18], "section_span": [20, 30], "content_span": [31, 358]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074153-0006-0000", "contents": "1956 Treason Trial, Background\nThe trial examination would continue on 21 December 1956 and the prosecutor presented his case as stating that the defendants were subversive, having attended the recent Congress of the People gathering at Kliptown where speeches had promoted Communism and the creation of the Freedom Charter, the need to seek help abroad and in other evidence, the need to raise money to buy firearms. With no charges yet presented to the individual detainees, bail was granted and the trial was then concluded until 9 January 1957. Rioting broke out at the end of the day's proceedings when police charged a group of 400 black South African protesters.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 18], "section_span": [20, 30], "content_span": [31, 669]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074153-0007-0000", "contents": "1956 Treason Trial, Background\nOn resumption of the preliminary hearing and an examination of the state's evidence on 9 January 1957, three more defendants were added to the charges bringing the number to 156 persons. The defence would argue that the Freedom Charter was not treasonous, that it did not call for violence and it argued for peace and racial harmony for the country.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 18], "section_span": [20, 30], "content_span": [31, 380]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074153-0008-0000", "contents": "1956 Treason Trial, Background\nThe hearing was still ongoing during August 1957, the accused were spending six hours each day in court. With the hearing to last a few more months, the magistrate had more 6,200 pages of testimony and 10,000 exhibits to examine and decide whether to pass the sentences himself or let the Attorney General decide whether to proceed to a trial. The trial was taking so long, the male prisoners formed a choir.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 18], "section_span": [20, 30], "content_span": [31, 439]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074153-0009-0000", "contents": "1956 Treason Trial, Background\nOn 17 December 1957, Attorney General W.J. McKenzie decided to drop charges against 61 and proceed to with the remaining 95 defendants on 13 January 1958. Albert Luthuli and 44 black, six white, four Indian and six coloured defendants were released.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 18], "section_span": [20, 30], "content_span": [31, 280]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074153-0010-0000", "contents": "1956 Treason Trial, Background\nThe hearing resumed on 13 January 1958 with the prosecutor informing the court of the names of those 61 defendants who had been cleared of further charges.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 18], "section_span": [20, 30], "content_span": [31, 186]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074153-0011-0000", "contents": "1956 Treason Trial, Background\nThe hearing concluded on 30 January 1958 with Magistrate F.C. Wessels finding that there was sufficient evidence for the defendants to be tried on charges of high treason. The defendants were asked to plead, with all pleading not guilty they were released on bail. Their defence lawyers asked for a jury trial, the alternative being a trial by two or three judges, with the former request being rejected by the state in treason trials.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 18], "section_span": [20, 30], "content_span": [31, 466]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074153-0012-0000", "contents": "1956 Treason Trial, Background\nThe Treason Trial began in Pretoria on 1 August 1958 with 91 people on trial having been charged with high treason. The trial saw 57 blacks, 16 whites, 16 Indians and two coloureds charged with attempting to overthrow the South African government between 1952 and 1956 with the intention to replace it with a communist system. The defence lawyers opened the trial by lodging an objection to two of the three trial judges.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 18], "section_span": [20, 30], "content_span": [31, 452]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074153-0012-0001", "contents": "1956 Treason Trial, Background\nThey called for Justice Joseph Ludorf to withdraw because of his involvement as a lawyer in other cases against some defendants while Justice Frans Rumpff should withdraw as he had asked for the former to be appointed as a judge on the treason trial. The case was then adjourned until the following Monday.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 18], "section_span": [20, 30], "content_span": [31, 337]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074153-0013-0000", "contents": "1956 Treason Trial, Background\nWhen the trial resumed on 12 August 1958, chief defence lawyer Israel A. Maisels continued to challenge the indictment referring to the masses of documentary evidence which he claimed was impossible to read in less than two years, and was an abuse of the court process and that the prosecution did not know what its case was about.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 18], "section_span": [20, 30], "content_span": [31, 362]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074153-0014-0000", "contents": "1956 Treason Trial, Background\nAfter the trial collapsed in October, it was decided in November 1958 to resume the trial on 19 January 1959 with a decision to drop 60 people from the indictment.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 18], "section_span": [20, 30], "content_span": [31, 194]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074153-0015-0000", "contents": "1956 Treason Trial, Background\nOn 22 November 1958, 30 of the 91 were re-indicted with the charge now been narrowed down to a conspiracy to endanger and overthrow the state based on the 1955 Congress of the People gathering and the adoption of the Freedom Charter. The remaining 61 were to be indicted in April 1959.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 18], "section_span": [20, 30], "content_span": [31, 316]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074153-0016-0000", "contents": "1956 Treason Trial, Background\nThe trial resumed on 19 January 1959 in Pretoria with the defence arguing for the trial to be moved back to Johannesburg, due to the hardship of travel for the defendants, a city where the majority of them lived. The case was postponed on the first day until after lunch as the bus carrying the defendants had broken down. The trial resumed on 2 February 1959, with the venue change request squashed and the defence lawyers continuing their argument against the new indictments.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 18], "section_span": [20, 30], "content_span": [31, 509]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074153-0017-0000", "contents": "1956 Treason Trial, Background\nWith the resumption of the trial on 20 April 1959 of the other 61 defendants, it was ended when Judge Rumpff declared that the Crown's case could not accuse the defendants of conspiracy without saying how they entered into the conspiracy and that they would need to know in order to defend their case. The defendants could return home and the prosecution would have to decide whether to re-indict them.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 18], "section_span": [20, 30], "content_span": [31, 433]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074153-0018-0000", "contents": "1956 Treason Trial, Background\nOn 29 March 1961, down to 28 defendants, the trial's verdict was released and they were all found not guilty of treason and discharged. Judge Rumpff concluded that the prosecution could not show that the African National Congress (ANC) had become a communist organisation and therefore no treason could be proven nor that any act of violence was to be used to overthrow the state. The defendants were met outside the court by their relatives and saw the singing of Nkosi Sikeleli Afrika.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 18], "section_span": [20, 30], "content_span": [31, 518]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074153-0019-0000", "contents": "1956 Treason Trial, Defendants\nIn December 1956, many key members of the Congress Alliance were arrested and charged with treason, including almost the entire executive committee of the ANC, as well as the SACP, the SAIC, and the COD. 105 Africans, 21 Indians, 23 whites and 7 coloured leaders were arrested. Ten were women. Many arrestees, including Nelson Mandela, were detained in communal cells in Johannesburg Prison, known as the Fort, resulting in what Mandela described as \"the largest and longest unbanned meeting of the Congress Alliance in years.\" However, white men, white women, and black people were all held in a separate parts of the jail.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 18], "section_span": [20, 30], "content_span": [31, 655]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074153-0020-0000", "contents": "1956 Treason Trial, Defendants\nInitially, 156 defendants were charged with high treason. The number of defendants was later reduced to 92. In November 1957, the prosecution reworded the indictment and proceeded a separate trial against 30 accused. Their trial commenced in August 1959. The remaining 61 accused were tried separately before the case against them was dismissed in mid 1960.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 18], "section_span": [20, 30], "content_span": [31, 388]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074153-0021-0000", "contents": "1956 Treason Trial, Defence and Aid Fund\nAfter the British priest, Canon John Collins learnt about the trial, and the calls for the death penalty, he set up the Defence and Aid Fund for Southern Africa to pay all legal expenses and look after the families of those on trial. This was one of the first examples of foreign intervention against apartheid in South Africa and proved very successful with over \u00a375,000 being raised towards defending those accused. Harry Oppenheimer allegedly contributed \u00a340,000 to the fund.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 18], "section_span": [20, 40], "content_span": [41, 519]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074153-0022-0000", "contents": "1956 Treason Trial, Defence and Aid Fund\nIn 1957, the campaigner Mary Benson joined the Defence Fund as its secretary.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 18], "section_span": [20, 40], "content_span": [41, 118]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074153-0023-0000", "contents": "1956 Treason Trial, Significance of the trial\nIn many ways, the trial and prolonged periods in detention strengthened and solidified the relationships between members of the multi-racial Congress Alliance. Rusty Bernstein wrote:", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 18], "section_span": [20, 45], "content_span": [46, 228]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074153-0024-0000", "contents": "1956 Treason Trial, Significance of the trial\nInter-racial trust and co-operation is a difficult plant to cultivate in the poisoned soil outside. It is somewhat easier in here where ... the leaders of all ethnic factions of the movement are together and explore each other's doubts and reservations, and speak about them without constraint. Coexistence in the Drill Hall deepens and recreates their relationships.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 18], "section_span": [20, 45], "content_span": [46, 413]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074153-0025-0000", "contents": "1956 Treason Trial, Significance of the trial\nThe trial and resulting periods of detention also allowed ANC leaders to consult about the direction of their struggle and the possibility of armed struggle. Ironically, the court found that the ANC was nonviolent just as the ANC was starting to question the effectiveness of this strategy. In court, the 156 defendants sat in alphabetical order, visibly displaying the multiracial nature of the anti-apartheid movement. While the defendants sat side by side in court, they were strictly segregated in jail.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 18], "section_span": [20, 45], "content_span": [46, 553]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074153-0025-0001", "contents": "1956 Treason Trial, Significance of the trial\nWhen the trialists took over their own defence during the State of Emergency, they eventually convinced prison authorities to let them meet to plan their defence and white female defendants, white male defendants and black women defendants were brought to the African men's prison. Yet the prison authorities still sought to physically separate these defendants by race and gender in their meeting space. Mandela describes the practical dilemma the proponents of apartheid faced:", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 18], "section_span": [20, 45], "content_span": [46, 525]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074153-0026-0000", "contents": "1956 Treason Trial, Significance of the trial\nThe authorities erected an iron grille to separate Helen and Leon [Levy] (as whites) from us and a second partition to separate them from Lilian and Bertha [Mashaba Gxowa] (as African women) ... Even a master architect would have had trouble designing such a structure.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 18], "section_span": [20, 45], "content_span": [46, 315]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074154-0000-0000", "contents": "1956 Trentino-Alto Adige/S\u00fcdtirol regional election\nThe Trentino-Alto Adige/S\u00fcdtirol regional election of 1956 took place on 11 November 1956.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 51], "section_span": [51, 51], "content_span": [52, 142]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074154-0001-0000", "contents": "1956 Trentino-Alto Adige/S\u00fcdtirol regional election\nThe Christian Democracy and the South Tyrolean People's Party won again.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 51], "section_span": [51, 51], "content_span": [52, 124]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074155-0000-0000", "contents": "1956 Trinidad and Tobago general election\nGeneral elections were held in Trinidad and Tobago on 24 September 1956. 129 candidates from nine political parties contested for 24 seats in the legislative council. The result was a victory for the People's National Movement, which won 13 of the 24 seats. Voter turnout was 80.1%.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 41], "section_span": [41, 41], "content_span": [42, 324]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074155-0001-0000", "contents": "1956 Trinidad and Tobago general election\nFormer West Indies cricketer Learie Constantine of the PNM defeated Radio Trinidad announcer Surujpat Mathura in Tunapuna.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 41], "section_span": [41, 41], "content_span": [42, 164]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074156-0000-0000", "contents": "1956 Tulane Green Wave football team\nThe 1956 Tulane Green Wave football team was an American football team that represented Tulane University during the 1956 NCAA University Division football season as a member of the Southeastern Conference. In their third year under head coach Andy Pilney, the team compiled a 6\u20134 record.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [36, 36], "content_span": [37, 325]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074157-0000-0000", "contents": "1956 Tulsa Golden Hurricane football team\nThe 1956 Tulsa Golden Hurricane football team represented the University of Tulsa during the 1956 NCAA University Division football season. In their second year under head coach Bobby Dodds, the Golden Hurricane compiled a 7\u20132\u20131 record (2\u20131\u20131 against Missouri Valley Conference opponents), finished in second place in the conference, and ranked seventh of 111 teams in scoring defense with an average of 6.7 points allowed per game.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 41], "section_span": [41, 41], "content_span": [42, 474]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074157-0001-0000", "contents": "1956 Tulsa Golden Hurricane football team\nThe team's statistical leaders included George Cagliola with 394 passing yards, Dick Hughes with 618 rushing yards, and Ronnie Morris with 150 receiving yards.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 41], "section_span": [41, 41], "content_span": [42, 201]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074158-0000-0000", "contents": "1956 Tunisian Constituent Assembly election\nConstituent Assembly elections were held in Tunisia on 25 March 1956, five days after independence. The result was a victory for the National Union, an alliance of the Neo Destour party, the Tunisian General Labour Union, the National Union of Tunisian Farmers and the Tunisian Union of Craftsmen and Merchants, which won all 98 seats, with the opposition Communists and independents only winning a combined 1.3% of the vote. Following the election, Habib Bourguiba was appointed Prime Minister of a Neo Destour-dominated government. Voter turnout was 83.6%.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 43], "section_span": [43, 43], "content_span": [44, 602]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074159-0000-0000", "contents": "1956 U.S. National Championships (tennis)\nThe 1956 U.S. National Championships (now known as the US Open) was a tennis tournament that took place on the outdoor grass courts at the West Side Tennis Club, Forest Hills in New York City, United States. The tournament ran from 31 August until 9 September. It was the 76th staging of the U.S. National Championships, and the fourth Grand Slam tennis event of the year.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 41], "section_span": [41, 41], "content_span": [42, 414]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074159-0001-0000", "contents": "1956 U.S. National Championships (tennis), Finals, Men's Singles\nKen Rosewall (AUS) defeated  Lew Hoad (AUS) 4\u20136, 6\u20132, 6\u20133, 6\u20133", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 41], "section_span": [43, 64], "content_span": [65, 127]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074159-0002-0000", "contents": "1956 U.S. National Championships (tennis), Finals, Men's doubles\nLew Hoad (AUS) /  Ken Rosewall (AUS) defeated  Ham Richardson (USA) /  Vic Seixas (USA) 6\u20132, 6\u20132, 3\u20136, 6\u20134", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 41], "section_span": [43, 64], "content_span": [65, 171]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074159-0003-0000", "contents": "1956 U.S. National Championships (tennis), Finals, Women's doubles\nLouise Brough (USA) /  Margaret Osborne (USA) defeated  Shirley Fry (USA) /  Betty Pratt (USA) 6\u20133, 6\u20130", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 41], "section_span": [43, 66], "content_span": [67, 170]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074159-0004-0000", "contents": "1956 U.S. National Championships (tennis), Finals, Mixed doubles\nMargaret Osborne (USA) /   Ken Rosewall (AUS) defeated  Darlene Hard (USA) /  Lew Hoad (AUS) 9\u20137, 6\u20131", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 41], "section_span": [43, 64], "content_span": [65, 166]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074160-0000-0000", "contents": "1956 U.S. National Championships \u2013 Men's Singles\nKen Rosewall defeated Lew Hoad 4\u20136, 6\u20132, 6\u20133, 6\u20133 in the final to win the Men's Singles tennis title at the 1956 U.S. National Championships.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 48], "section_span": [48, 48], "content_span": [49, 190]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074160-0001-0000", "contents": "1956 U.S. National Championships \u2013 Men's Singles, Seeds\nThe seeded players are listed below. Ken Rosewall is the champion; others show the round in which they were eliminated.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 48], "section_span": [50, 55], "content_span": [56, 175]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074161-0000-0000", "contents": "1956 U.S. National Championships \u2013 Women's Singles\nFirst-seeded Shirley Fry defeated Althea Gibson 6\u20133, 6\u20134 in the final to win the Women's Singles tennis title at the 1956 U.S. National Championships.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 50], "section_span": [50, 50], "content_span": [51, 201]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074161-0001-0000", "contents": "1956 U.S. National Championships \u2013 Women's Singles, Seeds\nThe seeded players are listed below. Shirley Fry is the champion; others show in brackets the round in which they were eliminated.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 50], "section_span": [52, 57], "content_span": [58, 188]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074162-0000-0000", "contents": "1956 U.S. Open (golf)\nThe 1956 U.S. Open was the 56th U.S. Open, held June 14\u201316 at the East Course of Oak Hill Country Club near Rochester, New York. Cary Middlecoff won his second U.S. Open title, one stroke ahead of runners-up  Julius Boros and Ben Hogan, both former champions.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [21, 21], "content_span": [22, 281]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074162-0001-0000", "contents": "1956 U.S. Open (golf)\nMiddlecoff began the final round with a two-stroke lead over Hogan, Ted Kroll, and Wes Ellis. After an erratic finish where he bogeyed 16 and 17, he carded a third consecutive round of even-par 70 to post a 281 (+1) total and waited. Hogan, pursuing his record fifth U.S. Open, had a chance to tie Middlecoff but missed a 4-foot (1.2\u00a0m) par putt on the 17th to finish one back. Boros also had a chance to catch Middlecoff, but  missed a 15-foot (4.5\u00a0m) birdie on the last and also finished a stroke behind. The last contender on the course, Kroll led by a stroke after a birdie at the 14th hole, but immediately followed it with a bogey and triple bogey and finished four strokes back.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [21, 21], "content_span": [22, 707]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074162-0002-0000", "contents": "1956 U.S. Open (golf)\nReigning British Open champion Peter Thomson made a rare appearance in the United States and finished tied for fourth, his best finish at any other major. He was the 36-hole leader by a stroke over Hogan, but fell back after a four-over 39 on the back nine in the third round. Thomson won five British Opens, and his third consecutive (1954\u201356) came three weeks later at Royal Liverpool.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [21, 21], "content_span": [22, 409]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074162-0003-0000", "contents": "1956 U.S. Open (golf)\nSeveral future champions made their mark at this U.S. Open. Arnold Palmer, 26, recorded the first of his thirteen top ten finishes at the U.S. Open, six strokes back in seventh place. Ken Venturi captured low-amateur honors in eighth place, two months after he lost a four-stroke lead at The Masters with an 80 in the final round. Billy Casper, 24, made his major championship debut and finished 14th.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [21, 21], "content_span": [22, 423]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074162-0004-0000", "contents": "1956 U.S. Open (golf)\nDefending champion Jack Fleck, who upset Hogan in a Sunday playoff the year before at Olympic, shot 76-74 and missed the cut by a stroke. Jack Burke Jr., winner of the Masters two months earlier, also missed with a 152.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [21, 21], "content_span": [22, 241]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074162-0005-0000", "contents": "1956 U.S. Open (golf)\nA record-setting 13,914 were in attendance for the final two rounds on Saturday.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [21, 21], "content_span": [22, 102]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074162-0006-0000", "contents": "1956 U.S. Open (golf)\nThis was the first of three U.S. Opens at the East Course at Oak Hill; Lee Trevino won in 1968 and Curtis Strange successfully defended in 1989. It also hosted the PGA Championship in 1980, 2003, and 2013, and the Ryder Cup in 1995.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [21, 21], "content_span": [22, 254]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074162-0007-0000", "contents": "1956 U.S. Open (golf), Round summaries, Second round\nAmateurs: Taylor (+3), Ward (+7), Hyndman (+8), Patton (+8), Venturi (+8), Garrett (+9), Magee (+10), Ervasti (+11), Rodgers (+11), Simmons (+11), Dahlbender (+12), Holland (+12), Croonquist (+15), Shields (+16), Kuntz (+17), Moore Jr (+18), Aldrich (+19), Dixon (+20), Kelly (+23), Beman (+24), Myers (+25), Kleist (+27), Deal (+30), Watson (+34), Mandeville (+35), Brownell (WD).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [23, 52], "content_span": [53, 434]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074162-0008-0000", "contents": "1956 U.S. Open (golf), Round summaries, Final round\nAmateurs: Venturi (+9), Patton (+12), Taylor (+18), Hyndman (+20), Ward (+25), Garrett (+29).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [23, 51], "content_span": [52, 145]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074163-0000-0000", "contents": "1956 U.S. Women's Open\nThe 1956 U.S. Women's Open was the eleventh U.S. Women's Open, held July 26\u201329 at Northland Country Club in Duluth, Minnesota. It was the fourth edition conducted by the United States Golf Association (USGA).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [22, 22], "content_span": [23, 231]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074163-0001-0000", "contents": "1956 U.S. Women's Open\nKathy Cornelius won her only major championship in an 18-hole playoff over amateur Barbara McIntire by a score of 75 to 82.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [22, 22], "content_span": [23, 146]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074164-0000-0000", "contents": "1956 UC Riverside Highlanders football team\nThe 1956 UC Riverside Highlanders football team represented UC Riverside during the 1956 NCAA College Division football season. The Highlanders competed as an independent in 1956.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 43], "section_span": [43, 43], "content_span": [44, 223]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074164-0001-0000", "contents": "1956 UC Riverside Highlanders football team\nUC Riverside was led by first-year head coach Carl Selin. They played home games at UCR Athletic Field in Riverside, California. The Highlanders finished the season with a record of one win and six losses (1\u20136). Overall, the team was outscored by its opponents 44\u2013251 for the season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 43], "section_span": [43, 43], "content_span": [44, 327]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074164-0002-0000", "contents": "1956 UC Riverside Highlanders football team, Team players in the NFL\nNo UC Riverside players were selected in the 1957 NFL Draft.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 43], "section_span": [45, 68], "content_span": [69, 129]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074165-0000-0000", "contents": "1956 UCI Road World Championships\nThe 1956 UCI Road World Championships took place in Copenhagen, Denmark on a circuit measuring 12.960 km near Ballerup.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [33, 33], "content_span": [34, 153]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074166-0000-0000", "contents": "1956 UCI Road World Championships \u2013 Men's road race\nThe men's road race at the 1956 UCI Road World Championships was the 23rd edition of the event. The race took place on Sunday 26 August 1956 in Copenhagen, Denmark. The race was won by Rik Van Steenbergen of Belgium.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 51], "section_span": [51, 51], "content_span": [52, 268]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074167-0000-0000", "contents": "1956 UCI Track Cycling World Championships\nThe 1956 UCI Track Cycling World Championships were the World Championship for track cycling. They took place in Copenhagen, Denmark from 27 August to 2 September 1956. Five events for men were contested, 3 for professionals and 2 for amateurs.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 42], "section_span": [42, 42], "content_span": [43, 287]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074168-0000-0000", "contents": "1956 UCLA Bruins football team\nThe 1956 UCLA Bruins football team was an American football team that represented the University of California, Los Angeles during the 1956 NCAA University Division football season. In their eighth year under head coach Red Sanders, the Bruins compiled a 7\u20133 record (5\u20132 conference) and finished in third place in the Pacific Coast Conference.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [30, 30], "content_span": [31, 374]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074168-0001-0000", "contents": "1956 UCLA Bruins football team\nUCLA's offensive leaders in 1956 were quarterback Doug Bradley with 293 passing yards each, Barry Billington with 399 rushing yards, and Dick Wallen with 308 receiving yards.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [30, 30], "content_span": [31, 205]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074169-0000-0000", "contents": "1956 UEFA European Under-18 Championship\nThe UEFA European Under-18 Championship 1956 Final Tournament was held in Hungary. During this edition, only group matches were played and no winner was declared. This was done to prevent an excess of competition. Hungary, Italy, Romania and Czechoslovakia were the four group winners.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [40, 40], "content_span": [41, 326]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074170-0000-0000", "contents": "1956 UK & Ireland Greyhound Racing Year\nThe 1956 UK & Ireland Greyhound Racing Year was the 30th year of greyhound racing in the United Kingdom and Ireland.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [39, 39], "content_span": [40, 156]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074170-0001-0000", "contents": "1956 UK & Ireland Greyhound Racing Year, Summary\nAttendances and Totalisator turnover had stabilised, with the latter resulting in a turnover of around \u00a355 million. The Churches' Council on gambling quoted a figure of \u00a3119 million but that figure was for total gambling spend within the industry. One problem for the industry was the fact that the biggest names Spanish Battleship, Rushton Mac and Pauls Fun had all retired leaving the search for a new star.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 48], "content_span": [49, 458]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074170-0002-0000", "contents": "1956 UK & Ireland Greyhound Racing Year, Competitions\nNo single greyhound was able to secure more than one classic race success, the main Derby titles went to Dunmore King and Keep Moving. The 1956 English Greyhound Derby runner-up Duet Leader won the Laurels at Wimbledon Stadium and the Derby final third Gulf of Darien, reached the St Leger final at Wembley and the Cesarewitch at West Ham Stadium. The Welsh Greyhound Derby failed to take place again.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 53], "content_span": [54, 455]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074170-0003-0000", "contents": "1956 UK & Ireland Greyhound Racing Year, Competitions\nShipping magnate Noel Purvis, who owned two of the 1956 Derby finalists gained consolation when Belingas Customer won the Scurry Gold Cup over 400 yards, a distance better suited to the greyhound than the Derby distance.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 53], "content_span": [54, 274]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074170-0004-0000", "contents": "1956 UK & Ireland Greyhound Racing Year, Ireland\nThe main interest in Ireland was in regard to Prince of Bermuda, the brindle dog owned by Ned Buckley was considered to be the fastest greyhound in training at the time but had disappointed in the 1956 Irish Greyhound Derby final. A match race was organised between Prince of Bermuda, Northern King and Duet Leader at White City which ended with the Irish hound coming out best, he was subsequently retired to stud.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 48], "content_span": [49, 464]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074171-0000-0000", "contents": "1956 UMass Redmen football team\nThe 1956 UMass Redmen football team represented the University of Massachusetts Amherst in the 1956 NCAA College Division football season as a member of the Yankee Conference in the NCAA's newly created College Division. The team was coached by Charlie O'Rourke and played its home games at Alumni Field in Amherst, Massachusetts. UMass finished the season with a record of 2\u20135\u20131 overall and 1\u20134 in conference play.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [31, 31], "content_span": [32, 447]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074172-0000-0000", "contents": "1956 USAC Championship Car season\nThe 1956 USAC Championship Car season consisted of 12 races, beginning in Speedway, Indiana, on May 30 and concluding in Phoenix, Arizona, on November 12. There were also three non-championship events. The USAC National Champion was Jimmy Bryan and the Indianapolis 500 winner was Pat Flaherty. This was the first year that the National Championship was sanctioned by the USAC, after the withdrawal of the AAA from all forms of racing after the 1955 season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [33, 33], "content_span": [34, 491]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074173-0000-0000", "contents": "1956 USC Trojans football team\nThe 1956 USC Trojans football team represented the University of Southern California (USC) in the 1956 NCAA University Division football season. In their sixth and final year under head coach Jess Hill, the Trojans compiled an 8\u20132 record (5\u20132 against conference opponents), finished in a tie for second place in the Pacific Coast Conference, and outscored their opponents by a combined total of 218 to 126. The team was ranked #15 in the final United Press Coaches Poll and #18 in the final AP Poll. Total attendance for all 10 games was 469,762.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [30, 30], "content_span": [31, 577]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074173-0001-0000", "contents": "1956 USC Trojans football team\nFrank Hall led the team in passing with 10 of 23 passes completed for 196 yards, two touchdowns and one interception. C. R. Roberts led the team in rushing with 120 carries for 775 yards and five touchdowns. Tony Ortega was the leading receiver with seven catches for 223 yards and one touchdown. Ernie Zampese rushed for 500 yards and passed for 166 yards.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [30, 30], "content_span": [31, 388]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074173-0002-0000", "contents": "1956 USC Trojans football team\nTwo Trojans received first-team honors from the Associated Press or the United Press (UP) on the 1956 All-Pacific Coast Conference football team: backs C. R. Roberts (AP-1; UP-1 [ fullback]) and Jon Arnett, USC (UP-1 [ halfback]).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [30, 30], "content_span": [31, 261]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074173-0003-0000", "contents": "1956 USC Trojans football team, Players\nThe following players were members of the 1956 USC football team.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 39], "content_span": [40, 105]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074174-0000-0000", "contents": "1956 USSR Chess Championship\nThe 1956 Soviet Chess Championship was the 23rd edition of USSR Chess Championship. Held from 10 January to 15 February 1956 in Leningrad. The tournament was won by Mark Taimanov who defeats Boris Spassky and Yuri Averbakh in a play-off. The final were preceded by semifinals events at Leningrad, Moscow and Riga.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [28, 28], "content_span": [29, 342]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074174-0000-0001", "contents": "1956 USSR Chess Championship\nThis edition marked the debut of the future world champion Mikhail Tal, often described as the magician from Riga, who demonstrated his over-adventurous tactical style, notably in the third round against Simagin, who had the honor to be one of the first to wonder about the soundness of the piece sacrifice that had defeated him.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [28, 28], "content_span": [29, 358]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074174-0001-0000", "contents": "1956 USSR Chess Championship, Table and results, Play-off\nAverbakh won the second game against Spassky by walkover since Spassky couldn't play due to illness.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 57], "content_span": [58, 158]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074175-0000-0000", "contents": "1956 Ulster Grand Prix\nThe 1956 Ulster Grand Prix was the fifth round of the 1956 Grand Prix motorcycle racing season. It took place on 9\u201311, August 1956 at the Dundrod Circuit.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [22, 22], "content_span": [23, 177]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074176-0000-0000", "contents": "1956 United States Army aircraft designation system\nThe United States Army designation system was introduced by the United States Army in 1956 to replace the designation system used by the United States Army Air Corps which had become the United States Air Force in 1948.   it was used until the unified tri-service designation system for all services came into effect.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 51], "section_span": [51, 51], "content_span": [52, 369]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074177-0000-0000", "contents": "1956 United States House of Representatives election in Puerto Rico\nThe election for Resident Commissioner to the United States House of Representatives took place on November 6, 1956, the same day as the larger Puerto Rican general election and the United States elections, 1956.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 67], "section_span": [67, 67], "content_span": [68, 280]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074178-0000-0000", "contents": "1956 United States House of Representatives elections\nThe 1956 United States House of Representatives elections was an election for the United States House of Representatives in 1956 which coincided with the re-election of President Dwight D. Eisenhower.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 53], "section_span": [53, 53], "content_span": [54, 254]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074178-0001-0000", "contents": "1956 United States House of Representatives elections\nWith no major national issues and the economic upswing of the 1950s in full force, voters generally chose to uphold the status quo, keeping the Republican president and the Democratic Congress.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 53], "section_span": [53, 53], "content_span": [54, 247]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074178-0002-0000", "contents": "1956 United States House of Representatives elections, Special elections\nIn these special elections, the winner was seated during 1956 or before January 3, 1957; ordered by election date.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 53], "section_span": [55, 72], "content_span": [73, 187]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074179-0000-0000", "contents": "1956 United States House of Representatives elections in California\nThe California United States House of Representatives elections in California, 1956 was an election for California's delegation to the United States House of Representatives, which occurred as part of the general election of the House of Representatives on November 6, 1956. Democrats gained two seats from the Republicans. As of 2018, this is the last time that Republicans won a majority of congressional districts in California.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 67], "section_span": [67, 67], "content_span": [68, 499]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074179-0001-0000", "contents": "1956 United States House of Representatives elections in California, Results\nFinal results from the Clerk of the House of Representatives:", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 67], "section_span": [69, 76], "content_span": [77, 138]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074180-0000-0000", "contents": "1956 United States House of Representatives elections in South Carolina\nThe 1956 United States House of Representatives elections in South Carolina were held on November 6, 1956 to select six Representatives for two-year terms from the state of South Carolina. All five incumbents who ran were re-elected and the open seat in the 5th congressional district was retained by the Democrats. The composition of the state delegation thus remained solely Democratic.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 71], "section_span": [71, 71], "content_span": [72, 460]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074180-0001-0000", "contents": "1956 United States House of Representatives elections in South Carolina, 1st congressional district\nIncumbent Democratic Congressman L. Mendel Rivers of the 1st congressional district, in office since 1941, was unopposed in his bid for re-election.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 71], "section_span": [73, 99], "content_span": [100, 248]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074180-0002-0000", "contents": "1956 United States House of Representatives elections in South Carolina, 2nd congressional district\nIncumbent Democratic Congressman John J. Riley of the 2nd congressional district, in office since 1951, was unopposed in his bid for re-election.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 71], "section_span": [73, 99], "content_span": [100, 245]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074180-0003-0000", "contents": "1956 United States House of Representatives elections in South Carolina, 3rd congressional district\nIncumbent Democratic Congressman William Jennings Bryan Dorn of the 3rd congressional district, in office since 1951, defeated Republican challenger Maka Knox.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 71], "section_span": [73, 99], "content_span": [100, 259]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074180-0004-0000", "contents": "1956 United States House of Representatives elections in South Carolina, 4th congressional district\nIncumbent Democratic Congressman Robert T. Ashmore of the 4th congressional district, in office since 1953, defeated Republican challenger Dan H. Wallace, Jr.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 71], "section_span": [73, 99], "content_span": [100, 258]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074180-0005-0000", "contents": "1956 United States House of Representatives elections in South Carolina, 5th congressional district\nIncumbent Democratic Congressman James P. Richards of the 5th congressional district, in office since 1933, opted to retire. Robert W. Hemphill defeated Thomas S. Gettys in the Democratic primary and was unopposed in the general election.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 71], "section_span": [73, 99], "content_span": [100, 338]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074180-0006-0000", "contents": "1956 United States House of Representatives elections in South Carolina, 6th congressional district\nIncumbent Democratic Congressman John L. McMillan of the 6th congressional district, in office since 1939, was unopposed in his bid for re-election.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 71], "section_span": [73, 99], "content_span": [100, 248]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074181-0000-0000", "contents": "1956 United States House of Representatives elections in Virginia\nThe 1956 United States House of Representatives elections in Virginia were held on November 6, 1956 to determine who will represent the Commonwealth of Virginia in the United States House of Representatives. Virginia had ten seats in the House, apportioned according to the 1950 United States Census. Representatives are elected for two-year terms.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 65], "section_span": [65, 65], "content_span": [66, 414]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074182-0000-0000", "contents": "1956 United States Olympic Trials (track and field)\nThe men's 1956 United States Olympic Trials for track and field for men were held at the Los Angeles Memorial Coliseum in Los Angeles, California, between June 28-9. The 20 kilometer walk trials were held in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, on August 26, and the 50 kilometer walk trials were held on September 16 in Baltimore, Maryland. Two marathon trials were held between two races, the AAU National Championships in Yonkers, New York, on September 30 and the Boston Marathon in Boston, Massachusetts, on April 19. As it turned out, the three selectees were the top 3 Americans at both events. The 10,000 meters was held in Bakersfield, California on June 23.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 51], "section_span": [51, 51], "content_span": [52, 708]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074182-0001-0000", "contents": "1956 United States Olympic Trials (track and field)\nThe decathlon was held two weeks after the trials on July 13-4 in Crawfordsville, Indiana allowing athletes to make attempts in individual events. Rafer Johnson qualified in the long jump but didn't jump in Melbourne. Bob Richards qualified in the Decathlon after winning the pole vault in his attempt to repeat as Olympic pole vault champion. He did compete in both events in Melbourne, successfully winning the pole vault, but after scoring in 11th place through nine events, he chose not to suffer through a 1500 and did not finish. The process was organized by the AAU.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 51], "section_span": [51, 51], "content_span": [52, 625]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074182-0002-0000", "contents": "1956 United States Olympic Trials (track and field)\nThe Women's Olympic Trials were held separately in Washington, D.C. between July 15-6.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 51], "section_span": [51, 51], "content_span": [52, 138]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074183-0000-0000", "contents": "1956 United States Senate election in Alabama\nThe 1956 United States Senate election in Alabama was held on November 6, 1956. Incumbent Senator J. Lister Hill was re-elected for a fourth term in office.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 45], "section_span": [45, 45], "content_span": [46, 202]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074183-0001-0000", "contents": "1956 United States Senate election in Alabama\nOn May 1, Hill won the Democratic primary over John G. Crommelin, who ran in 1950 as an independent, with 68.20% of the vote.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 45], "section_span": [45, 45], "content_span": [46, 171]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074184-0000-0000", "contents": "1956 United States Senate election in Arizona\nThe 1956 United States Senate election in Arizona took place on November 6, 1956. Incumbent Democratic U.S. Senator Carl Hayden ran for reelection to a sixth term, defeating Republican nominee Attorney General of Arizona Ross F. Jones in the general election.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 45], "section_span": [45, 45], "content_span": [46, 305]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074185-0000-0000", "contents": "1956 United States Senate election in Arkansas\nThe 1956 United States Senate election in Arkansas took place on November 2, 1956. Incumbent Senator J. William Fulbright won a third term in office. Without a primary challenger to Fulbright, the election did not attract much attention, as the Democratic nomination was tantamount to victory in the South.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 46], "section_span": [46, 46], "content_span": [47, 353]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074186-0000-0000", "contents": "1956 United States Senate election in California\nThe 1956 United States Senate election in California was held on November 6, 1956.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 48], "section_span": [48, 48], "content_span": [49, 131]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074186-0001-0000", "contents": "1956 United States Senate election in California\nIncumbent Republican Thomas Kuchel, who had won a 1954 special election to fill the vacant seat left by Vice President Richard Nixon, was re-elected to a full term in office over Democratic State Senator Richard Richards.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 48], "section_span": [48, 48], "content_span": [49, 270]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074187-0000-0000", "contents": "1956 United States Senate election in Connecticut\nThe 1956 United States Senate election in Connecticut was held on November 6, 1956.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 49], "section_span": [49, 49], "content_span": [50, 133]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074187-0001-0000", "contents": "1956 United States Senate election in Connecticut\nIncumbent Senator Prescott Bush, who won a special election in 1952, was re-elected to a full term in office over Democratic U.S. Representative Thomas J. Dodd.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 49], "section_span": [49, 49], "content_span": [50, 210]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074187-0002-0000", "contents": "1956 United States Senate election in Connecticut, Democratic nomination, Convention\nDodd was nominated at the convention on July 7 without opposition.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 49], "section_span": [51, 84], "content_span": [85, 151]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074188-0000-0000", "contents": "1956 United States Senate election in Georgia\nThe 1956 United States Senate election in Georgia took place on November 6, 1956. Incumbent Democratic U.S. Senator Walter F. George did not run for re-election.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 45], "section_span": [45, 45], "content_span": [46, 207]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074188-0001-0000", "contents": "1956 United States Senate election in Georgia\nThe open race for George's seat was the final chapter in the political rivalry between former Georgia Governor Herman Talmadge and Melvin Thompson which had begun a decade earlier with the Three Governors controversy. Talmadge soundly won the primary, ending Thompson's political career.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 45], "section_span": [45, 45], "content_span": [46, 333]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074188-0002-0000", "contents": "1956 United States Senate election in Georgia\nAt this time, Georgia was a one-party state. Talmadge's victory in the September 12 primary was tantamount to election, and he was unopposed in the general election.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 45], "section_span": [45, 45], "content_span": [46, 211]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074188-0003-0000", "contents": "1956 United States Senate election in Georgia, Democratic primary, County unit system\nFrom 1917 until 1962, the Democratic Party in the U.S. state of Georgia used a voting system called the county unit system to determine victors in statewide primary elections.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 45], "section_span": [47, 85], "content_span": [86, 261]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074188-0004-0000", "contents": "1956 United States Senate election in Georgia, Democratic primary, County unit system\nThe system was ostensibly designed to function similarly to the Electoral College, but in practice the large ratio of unit votes for small, rural counties to unit votes for more populous urban areas provided outsized political influence to the smaller counties.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 45], "section_span": [47, 85], "content_span": [86, 347]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074188-0005-0000", "contents": "1956 United States Senate election in Georgia, Democratic primary, County unit system\nUnder the county unit system, the 159 counties in Georgia were divided by population into three categories. The largest eight counties were classified as \"Urban\", the next-largest 30 counties were classified as \"Town\", and the remaining 121 counties were classified as \"Rural\". Urban counties were given 6 unit votes, Town counties were given 4 unit votes, and Rural counties were given 2 unit votes, for a total of 410 available unit votes. Each county's unit votes were awarded on a winner-take-all basis.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 45], "section_span": [47, 85], "content_span": [86, 593]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074188-0006-0000", "contents": "1956 United States Senate election in Georgia, Democratic primary, County unit system\nCandidates were required to obtain a majority of unit votes (not necessarily a majority of the popular vote), or 206 total unit votes, to win the election. If no candidate received a majority in the initial primary, a runoff election was held between the top two candidates to determine a winner.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 45], "section_span": [47, 85], "content_span": [86, 382]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074189-0000-0000", "contents": "1956 United States Senate election in Illinois\nThe 1956 United States Senate election in Illinois was held on November 6, 1956 to elect one of Illinois's members to the United States Senate. Incumbent Republican U.S. Senator Everett Dirksen won reelection to a second term.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 46], "section_span": [46, 46], "content_span": [47, 273]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074189-0001-0000", "contents": "1956 United States Senate election in Illinois, Election information\nThe primaries and general election coincided with those for federal offices (President and House) and state elections.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 46], "section_span": [48, 68], "content_span": [69, 187]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074189-0002-0000", "contents": "1956 United States Senate election in Illinois, Election information, Turnout\nTurnout in the primary elections was 26.26%, with a total of 1,307,357 votes cast.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 46], "section_span": [48, 77], "content_span": [78, 160]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074189-0003-0000", "contents": "1956 United States Senate election in Illinois, Election information, Turnout\nTurnout during the general election was 81.74%, with 4,264,830 votes cast.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 46], "section_span": [48, 77], "content_span": [78, 152]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074189-0004-0000", "contents": "1956 United States Senate election in Illinois, General election\nDirksen carried 88 of the state's 102 counties. Among the 88 counties that Dirksen won was the state's most populace county, Cook County, in which Dirksen won with 51.13% to Stengel's 48.63%. Despite losing in Cook County, Stengel performed better in the county than he did in the cumulative vote of the remaining 101 counties In the cumulative vote of the state's other 101 counties, Dirksen won 57.32% to Stengel's 42.58%. 51.97 % of the votes cast in the election were from Cook County.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 46], "section_span": [48, 64], "content_span": [65, 554]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074189-0005-0000", "contents": "1956 United States Senate election in Illinois, General election\nWhile he lost the overall vote in Cook County as a whole, in Cook County's principal city, Chicago (where 37.79% of all votes cast in the election were from), Stengel won 54.33% of the vote to Dirksen's 45.37%", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 46], "section_span": [48, 64], "content_span": [65, 274]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074190-0000-0000", "contents": "1956 United States Senate election in Indiana\nThe 1956 United States Senate election in Indiana took place on November 6, 1956. Incumbent Republican U.S. Senator Homer Capehart was re-elected to a third term in office, defeating former U.S. Secretary of Agriculture Claude Wickard.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 45], "section_span": [45, 45], "content_span": [46, 281]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074191-0000-0000", "contents": "1956 United States Senate election in Maryland\nThe 1956 United States Senate election in Maryland was held on November 6, 1956. Incumbent Republican U.S. Senator John Marshall Butler was re-elected to a second term in office, defeating Democratic businessman George P. Mahoney.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 46], "section_span": [46, 46], "content_span": [47, 277]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074191-0001-0000", "contents": "1956 United States Senate election in Maryland, Democratic primary, Results\nAfter winning the primary, Tydings was forced to withdraw from the race due to ill health. Mahoney replaced him on the general election ticket.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 46], "section_span": [48, 75], "content_span": [76, 219]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074192-0000-0000", "contents": "1956 United States Senate election in New York\nThe United States Senate election of 1956 in New York was held on November 6, 1956. New York State Attorney General Jacob K. Javits defeated Mayor of New York City Robert F. Wagner, Jr. to succeed Herbert H. Lehman.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 46], "section_span": [46, 46], "content_span": [47, 262]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074192-0001-0000", "contents": "1956 United States Senate election in New York, Nominations\nThe Republican state convention met on September 10 at Albany, New York, and nominated New York State Attorney General Jacob K. Javits.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 46], "section_span": [48, 59], "content_span": [60, 195]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074192-0002-0000", "contents": "1956 United States Senate election in New York, Nominations\nThe Democratic state convention met on September 10 at Albany, New York, and nominated Mayor of New York City Robert F. Wagner, Jr., for the U.S. Senate.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 46], "section_span": [48, 59], "content_span": [60, 213]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074192-0003-0000", "contents": "1956 United States Senate election in New York, Nominations\nThe Liberal Party endorsed the Democratic nominee, Mayor Robert F. Wagner, Jr., for the U.S. Senate.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 46], "section_span": [48, 59], "content_span": [60, 160]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074192-0004-0000", "contents": "1956 United States Senate election in New York, Nominations\nOn October 1, a movement was launched to vote for General of the Army Douglas MacArthur as a write-in candidate for the U.S. Senate. On October 2, MacArthur disavowed the campaign, and stated that he was not a candidate.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 46], "section_span": [48, 59], "content_span": [60, 280]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074193-0000-0000", "contents": "1956 United States Senate election in North Carolina\nThe 1956 United States Senate election in North Carolina was held on November 6, 1956. Incumbent Democratic Senator Sam Ervin was re-elected to a second term in office over Republican farmer and businessman Joel Johnson.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 52], "section_span": [52, 52], "content_span": [53, 273]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074193-0001-0000", "contents": "1956 United States Senate election in North Carolina, Footnotes\nThis North Carolina elections-related article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by .", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 52], "section_span": [54, 63], "content_span": [64, 148]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074194-0000-0000", "contents": "1956 United States Senate election in North Dakota\nThe 1956 U.S. Senate election in North Dakota was held November 6, 1956. The incumbent, Republican Senator Milton Young, sought and received re-election to his third term, defeating North Dakota Democratic-NPL Party candidate Quentin N. Burdick, son of North Dakota congressman Usher L. Burdick.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 50], "section_span": [50, 50], "content_span": [51, 346]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074194-0001-0000", "contents": "1956 United States Senate election in North Dakota\nOnly Young filed as a Republican, and the endorsed Democratic candidate was Quentin Burdick, the son of well-known politician Usher Burdick, and former candidate for Governor of North Dakota. Young and Burdick won the primary elections for their respective parties.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 50], "section_span": [50, 50], "content_span": [51, 316]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074194-0002-0000", "contents": "1956 United States Senate election in North Dakota\nOne independent candidate, Arthur C. Townley, also filed before the deadline. Townley would later seek the state's other senate seat in 1958 (see election), and was known for creating the National Non-Partisan League.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 50], "section_span": [50, 50], "content_span": [51, 268]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074195-0000-0000", "contents": "1956 United States Senate election in Ohio\nThe 1956 United States Senate election in Ohio took place on November 6, 1956. Incumbent Senator George H. Bender, who won a special election to complete the term of the late Senator Robert A. Taft, ran for re-election to a full six-year term. He was defeated by Democratic Governor Frank Lausche.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 42], "section_span": [42, 42], "content_span": [43, 340]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074196-0000-0000", "contents": "1956 United States Senate election in Oklahoma\nThe 1956 United States Senate election in Oklahoma took place on November 6, 1956. Incumbent Democratic Senator Mike Monroney ran for re-election to a second term. He avoided a contentious Democratic primary when Lieutenant Governor Cowboy Pink Williams declined to challenge him and easily won renomination. In the general election, he faced Republican state party chairman Douglas McKeever. Even though President Dwight D. Eisenhower was winning the state handily, Monroney won re-election by a wide margin.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 46], "section_span": [46, 46], "content_span": [47, 556]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074197-0000-0000", "contents": "1956 United States Senate election in Oregon\nThe 1956 Oregon United States Senate election was held on November 7, 1956 to select the U.S. Senator from the state of Oregon. Republican-turned-Independent-turned Democratic Senator Wayne Morse decided to seek re-election for his first full term as a Democrat. Morse defeated Republican candidate Douglas McKay in the hotly contested general election.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [44, 44], "content_span": [45, 398]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074198-0000-0000", "contents": "1956 United States Senate election in Pennsylvania\nThe 1956 United States Senate election in Pennsylvania was held on November 6, 1956. Incumbent Republican U.S. Senator James H. Duff sought re-election to another term, but was defeated by the Democratic nominee, Joseph S. Clark, Jr.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 50], "section_span": [50, 50], "content_span": [51, 284]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074198-0001-0000", "contents": "1956 United States Senate election in Pennsylvania, Campaign\nThe 1956 Senate election in Pennsylvania featured two prominent and well-known candidates: a former Philadelphia mayor in the challenger, Clark, and the ambitious former Governor Duff who had considered running for higher office. Clark, in his run for mayor, upset the Republican Party machine in Philadelphia and contributed to a political realignment in the city that would tip it in favor of the Democrats and help him in his 1956 campaign for Senate. In 1950, when Duff was elected, Republicans were 70% of the two-party vote registration in Philadelphia, but held only a two-point advantage there in 1956.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 50], "section_span": [52, 60], "content_span": [61, 671]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074198-0002-0000", "contents": "1956 United States Senate election in Pennsylvania, Campaign\nDuff ran as an ally to Republican President Dwight D. Eisenhower, who was also running for re-election,  and criticized Clark for his spending and tax policies as Philadelphia mayor. In addition to criticizing Duff in return for his poor attendance record in the Senate (which was one of the worst at the time), Clark criticized the Eisenhower administration's foreign policy.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 50], "section_span": [52, 60], "content_span": [61, 437]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074198-0003-0000", "contents": "1956 United States Senate election in Pennsylvania, Campaign\nIn the end, Clark narrowly defeated the incumbent Duff by just under 18,000 votes. The result was not known definitively until 50,000 military ballots had been counted and despite Duff's loss, Eisenhower carried the state in the presidential election and the Republicans won every other statewide race in 1956. Clark carried Southwest Pennsylvania, notwithstanding the harm his Philadelphia ties might have cost him there, as well as his home of Philadelphia, while Duff won much of the conservative \"central T\".", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 50], "section_span": [52, 60], "content_span": [61, 573]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074199-0000-0000", "contents": "1956 United States Senate election in South Carolina\nThe 1956 South Carolina United States Senate election was held on November 6, 1956 to select the U.S. Senator from the state of South Carolina simultaneously with the special Senate election. Incumbent Democratic Senator Olin D. Johnston handily defeated Republican mayor of Clemson Leon P. Crawford.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 52], "section_span": [52, 52], "content_span": [53, 353]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074199-0001-0000", "contents": "1956 United States Senate election in South Carolina, Democratic primary\nOlin D. Johnston, the incumbent Senator, faced no opposition from South Carolina Democrats and avoided a primary election.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 52], "section_span": [54, 72], "content_span": [73, 195]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074199-0002-0000", "contents": "1956 United States Senate election in South Carolina, Republican primary\nLeon P. Crawford, the mayor of the town of Clemson in the Upstate, faced no opposition from South Carolina Republicans and avoided a primary election.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 52], "section_span": [54, 72], "content_span": [73, 223]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074199-0003-0000", "contents": "1956 United States Senate election in South Carolina, General election campaign\nCrawford campaigned as a defender of states' rights and denounced Johnston for backing the New Deal and the Fair Deal. The state Republican Party believed that Crawford could have a chance in the election if he galvanized the 128,000 registered black voters, although they were weary of being labeled as the black party. In the end, Johnston remained highly popular with the voters who were still leery of the Republican party and he easily defeated Crawford in the general election.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 52], "section_span": [54, 79], "content_span": [80, 563]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074200-0000-0000", "contents": "1956 United States Senate election in South Dakota\nThe 1956 United States Senate election in South Dakota took place on November 6, 1956. Incumbent Republican Senator Francis H. Case ran for re-election to a second term. In the general election, Case was opposed by former State Representative Kenneth Holum, who was the 1954 Democratic nominee for the U.S. Senate. Owing in part to anger among the state's farmers, the race between Case and Holum was quite close, with Holum leading Case on election night and only falling behind the next day. Case ended up narrowly winning re-election, defeating Holum by just 4,620 votes.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 50], "section_span": [50, 50], "content_span": [51, 625]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074200-0001-0000", "contents": "1956 United States Senate election in South Dakota, Republican Primary\nIncumbent U.S. Senator Francis H. Case was the only Republican candidate to file for the U.S. Senate, removing the race from the primary ballot.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 50], "section_span": [52, 70], "content_span": [71, 215]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074201-0000-0000", "contents": "1956 United States Senate election in Vermont\nThe 1956 United States Senate election in Vermont took place on November 6, 1956. Incumbent Republican George Aiken ran successfully for re-election to another term in the United States Senate, defeating Democratic nominee Bernard G. O'Shea.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 45], "section_span": [45, 45], "content_span": [46, 287]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074202-0000-0000", "contents": "1956 United States Senate elections\nThe 1956 United States Senate elections were elections for the United States Senate that coincided with the re-election of President Dwight D. Eisenhower. Although Democrats gained two seats in regular elections, the Republicans gained two seats in special elections, leaving the party balance of the chamber unchanged.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [35, 35], "content_span": [36, 355]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074202-0001-0000", "contents": "1956 United States Senate elections, Gains and losses\nDemocrats defeated incumbents Herman Welker (R-Idaho), George H. Bender (R-Ohio), and James H. Duff (R-Pennsylvania), as well as winning a Republican-held seat in Colorado. Republicans defeated incumbent Earle C. Clements (D-Kentucky) as well as winning Democratic-held seats in Kentucky, New York, and West Virginia.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 53], "content_span": [54, 371]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074202-0002-0000", "contents": "1956 United States Senate elections, Gains and losses\nThus, this election caused Kentucky's Senate delegation to flip from two Democrats to two Republicans.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 53], "content_span": [54, 156]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074202-0003-0000", "contents": "1956 United States Senate elections, Subsequent changes\nDuring the next Congress, Republican John D. Hoblitzell Jr. was appointed to the seat of deceased Senator Matthew M. Neely (D-WV), while Democrat William Proxmire won a special election for the seat of deceased Senator Joseph McCarthy (R-Wisconsin). Also, Democrat Ralph Yarborough won a special election for the seat of Price Daniel (D-Texas), who had resigned from the Senate after being elected Governor of Texas. The net result was to leave the party balance unchanged.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 55], "content_span": [56, 529]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074202-0004-0000", "contents": "1956 United States Senate elections, Results summary\nColored shading indicates party with largest share of that row.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 52], "content_span": [53, 116]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074202-0005-0000", "contents": "1956 United States Senate elections, Race summaries, Special elections during the 84th Congress\nIn these special elections, the winners were seated during 1956 or in 1957 before January 3; ordered by election date, then state.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 95], "content_span": [96, 226]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074202-0006-0000", "contents": "1956 United States Senate elections, Race summaries, Races leading to the 85th Congress\nIn these regular elections, the winners were elected for the term beginning January 3, 1957; ordered by state.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 87], "content_span": [88, 198]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074202-0007-0000", "contents": "1956 United States Senate elections, Kentucky\nTwo elections in Kentucky converted both seats from Democratic to Republican. As a result, this marked the first time since 1916 that both Senate seats in a state flipped from one party to the other in a single election cycle.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 45], "content_span": [46, 272]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074202-0008-0000", "contents": "1956 United States Senate elections, Kentucky, Kentucky (special)\nFollowing the death of Alben Barkley on April 30, 1956, Robert Humphreys was appointed June 21, 1956 to continue the term, pending a special election. Humphreys did not run in the special election to finish the term that would end in 1961.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 65], "content_span": [66, 305]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074202-0009-0000", "contents": "1956 United States Senate elections, Kentucky, Kentucky (special)\nRepublican former-senator John Sherman Cooper, who had twice won special elections to that seat in 1946 and 1952, was again elected to finish the term.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 65], "content_span": [66, 217]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074202-0010-0000", "contents": "1956 United States Senate elections, Kentucky, Kentucky (special)\nThis time, however, Cooper would be re-elected in 1960 and again in 1966, serving until his 1973 retirement.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 65], "content_span": [66, 174]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074202-0011-0000", "contents": "1956 United States Senate elections, Kentucky, Kentucky (regular)\nFirst-term Democrat Earle Clements lost re-election to Republican Thruston B. Morton, who was Eisenhower's Assistant Secretary of State for Legislative Affairs.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 65], "content_span": [66, 226]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074202-0012-0000", "contents": "1956 United States Senate elections, New York\nIn New York, the Republican state convention met on September 10 at Albany, New York, and nominated New York State Attorney General Jacob K. Javits. The Democratic state convention met on September 10 at Albany, New York, and nominated Mayor of New York City Robert F. Wagner Jr., for the U.S. Senate. The Liberal Party endorsed the Democratic nominee, Mayor Robert F. Wagner Jr., for the U.S. Senate. On October 1, a movement was launched to vote for General of the Army Douglas MacArthur as a write-in candidate for the U.S. Senate. On October 2, MacArthur disavowed the campaign, and stated that he was not a candidate.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 45], "content_span": [46, 668]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074202-0013-0000", "contents": "1956 United States Senate elections, North Dakota\nIn North Dakota, the incumbent, Republican Milton Young, sought and received re-election to his third term, defeating North Dakota Democratic-NPL Party candidate Quentin N. Burdick, son of North Dakota congressman Usher L. Burdick.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 49], "content_span": [50, 281]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074202-0014-0000", "contents": "1956 United States Senate elections, North Dakota\nOnly Young filed as a Republican, and the endorsed Democratic candidate was Quentin Burdick, the son of well-known politician Usher Burdick, and former candidate for Governor of North Dakota. Young and Burdick won the primary elections for their respective parties.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 49], "content_span": [50, 315]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074202-0015-0000", "contents": "1956 United States Senate elections, North Dakota\nOne independent candidate, Arthur C. Townley, also filed before the deadline. Townley would later seek the state's other senate seat in 1958, and was known for creating the National Non-Partisan League.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 49], "content_span": [50, 252]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074202-0016-0000", "contents": "1956 United States Senate elections, Oregon\nIn Oregon, Republican-turned-Independent-turned-Democrat Wayne Morse decided to seek re-election for his first full term as a Democrat. Morse defeated Republican candidate Douglas McKay in the hotly contested general election.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 43], "content_span": [44, 270]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074202-0017-0000", "contents": "1956 United States Senate elections, Pennsylvania\nIn Pennsylvania, incumbent Republican U.S. senator James H. Duff sought re-election to another term, but was defeated by the Democratic nominee, Joseph S. Clark Jr.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 49], "content_span": [50, 214]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074202-0018-0000", "contents": "1956 United States Senate elections, South Carolina\nIn South Carolina the regular election was held simultaneously with the special election.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 51], "content_span": [52, 141]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074202-0019-0000", "contents": "1956 United States Senate elections, South Carolina, South Carolina (Regular)\nIncumbent Democrat Olin D. Johnston handily defeated Republican mayor of Clemson Leon P. Crawford. Olin D. Johnston, the incumbent Senator, faced no opposition from South Carolina Democrats and avoided a primary election. Leon P. Crawford, the mayor of the town of Clemson in the Upstate, faced no opposition from South Carolina Republicans and avoided a primary election. Crawford campaigned as a defender of states' rights and denounced Johnston for backing the New Deal and the Fair Deal.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 77], "content_span": [78, 569]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074202-0019-0001", "contents": "1956 United States Senate elections, South Carolina, South Carolina (Regular)\nThe state Republican Party believed that Crawford could have a chance in the election if he galvanized the 128,000 registered black voters, although they were weary of being labeled as the black party. In the end, Johnston remained highly popular with the voters who were still leery of the Republican party and he easily defeated Crawford in the general election.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 77], "content_span": [78, 442]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074202-0020-0000", "contents": "1956 United States Senate elections, South Carolina, South Carolina (Special)\nThe special election resulted from the resignation of Senator Strom Thurmond on April 4, 1956, who was keeping a campaign pledge he had made in the 1954 election. Thurmond was unopposed in his bid to complete the remaining four years of the term. Senator Strom Thurmond faced no opposition from South Carolina Democrats and avoided a primary election. There was a possibility that Governor George Bell Timmerman Jr. might enter the race, but Thurmond was held in such high regard by the voters that there would have been no chance of defeating Thurmond. With no challenge to the remainder of the term, Thurmond did not conduct a campaign and rejoined his old law firm in Aiken until he returned to the Senate after the general election.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 77], "content_span": [78, 814]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074202-0021-0000", "contents": "1956 United States Senate elections, Vermont\nIn Vermont, incumbent Republican George Aiken ran successfully for re-election to another term in the United States Senate, defeating Democratic challenger Bernard G. O'Shea.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 44], "content_span": [45, 219]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074202-0022-0000", "contents": "1956 United States Senate elections, West Virginia (Special)\nFollowing the death of Harley M. Kilgore on February 28, 1956, William Laird III was appointed to fill this seat and assumed office on March 13, 1956. Laird did not opt to run in the special election to fill the remainder of Kilgore's term through the end of the 85th Congress on January 3, 1959. As of 2021, this is the last time the Republicans have won West Virginia's Class 1 seat. This was also the last time until 2014 that the Republicans won a U.S. Senate election in the state.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 60], "content_span": [61, 547]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074203-0000-0000", "contents": "1956 United States Senate special election in Kentucky\nThe 1956 United States Senate election in Kentucky was held on November 6, 1956 to fill the vacant seat left by Alben Barkley. Former Senator John Sherman Cooper was elected to complete the term ending in 1961, defeating Democratic former Governor Lawrence Wetherby.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 54], "section_span": [54, 54], "content_span": [55, 321]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074203-0001-0000", "contents": "1956 United States Senate special election in Kentucky, Background\nAlben Barkley served as U.S. Senator from Kentucky from 1927\u201349 and Vice President of the United States from 1949\u201353. After leaving the Vice Presidency in 1953, he was elected to the Senate for the term ending in 1961, defeating incumbent John Sherman Cooper in 1954.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 54], "section_span": [56, 66], "content_span": [67, 334]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074203-0002-0000", "contents": "1956 United States Senate special election in Kentucky, Background\nOn April 30, 1956, Barkley died of a heart attack during a speech at Washington and Lee University. Governor Happy Chandler appointed Robert Humphreys to fill the vacant seat until a successor could be duly elected to complete the remainder of Barkley's term.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 54], "section_span": [56, 66], "content_span": [67, 326]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074203-0003-0000", "contents": "1956 United States Senate special election in Kentucky, Background\nFormer Senator Cooper, who was serving as Ambassador to India, resigned his post to run for his old seat at the request of President Eisenhower.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 54], "section_span": [56, 66], "content_span": [67, 211]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074204-0000-0000", "contents": "1956 United States Senate special election in South Carolina\nThe 1956 South Carolina United States Senate special election was held on November 6, 1956 to select the U.S. Senator from the state of South Carolina simultaneously with the regular Senate election. The election resulted from the resignation of Senator Strom Thurmond on April 4, 1956, who was keeping a campaign pledge he had made in the 1954 election. Thurmond was unopposed in his bid to complete the remaining four years of the term.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 60], "section_span": [60, 60], "content_span": [61, 499]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074204-0001-0000", "contents": "1956 United States Senate special election in South Carolina, Democratic primary\nSenator Strom Thurmond faced no opposition from South Carolina Democrats and avoided a primary election. There was a possibility that Governor George Bell Timmerman Jr. might enter the race, but Thurmond was held in such high regard by the voters that there would have been no chance of defeating him. With no challenge to the remainder of the term, Thurmond did not conduct a campaign and rejoined his old law firm in Aiken until he returned to the Senate after the general election.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 60], "section_span": [62, 80], "content_span": [81, 565]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074205-0000-0000", "contents": "1956 United States elections\nThe 1956 United States elections was held on Tuesday, November 6, 1956. The election saw no major change in power as the Republicans defended the presidency and the Democrats retained control of Congress.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [28, 28], "content_span": [29, 233]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074205-0001-0000", "contents": "1956 United States elections\nIn the presidential election, Republican President Dwight D. Eisenhower defeated Democratic former Governor Adlai E. Stevenson of Illinois in a re-match of the 1952 election. Eisenhower won the popular vote by fifteen points and once again won every state outside the South. At the Democratic convention, Stevenson easily defeated New York Governor W. Averell Harriman, taking the nomination on the first ballot.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [28, 28], "content_span": [29, 441]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074205-0002-0000", "contents": "1956 United States elections\nIn the Senate, the party balance of the chamber remained unchanged as Republican and Democratic gains cancelled each other out. In the House, the Democrats picked up two seats, increasing their majority.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [28, 28], "content_span": [29, 232]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074206-0000-0000", "contents": "1956 United States gubernatorial elections\nUnited States gubernatorial elections were held in 1956, in 30 states, concurrent with the House, Senate elections and presidential election, on November 6, 1956 (September 10 in Maine). The special election in Oregon was due to the death of incumbent governor Paul L. Patterson on January 31.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 42], "section_span": [42, 42], "content_span": [43, 336]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074206-0001-0000", "contents": "1956 United States gubernatorial elections\nThis was the last time Colorado, Maine, and Ohio elected their governors to 2-year terms, all switching to 4-years from the 1958 election.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 42], "section_span": [42, 42], "content_span": [43, 181]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074207-0000-0000", "contents": "1956 United States men's Olympic basketball team\nThe 1956 United States men's Olympic basketball team competed in the 1956 Summer Olympics in Melbourne, Australia from November 22 to December 1, 1956. The team was led by Bill Russell, who averaged 14.1 points per game. Team USA won the Olympic Gold medal, beating their opponents by an average of 53.5 points, an unsurpassed average margin of victory in Olympic basketball.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 48], "section_span": [48, 48], "content_span": [49, 424]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074208-0000-0000", "contents": "1956 United States presidential election\nThe 1956 United States presidential election was the 43rd quadrennial presidential election. It was held on Tuesday, November 6, 1956. President Dwight D. Eisenhower successfully ran for reelection against Adlai Stevenson, the former Illinois governor whom he had defeated four years earlier.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [40, 40], "content_span": [41, 333]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074208-0001-0000", "contents": "1956 United States presidential election\nEisenhower, who had first become famous for his military leadership in World War II, remained widely popular. A heart attack in 1955 provoked  speculation that he would not seek a second term, but his health recovered and he faced no opposition at the 1956 Republican National Convention. Stevenson remained popular with a core of liberal Democrats, but held no office and had no real base. He defeated New York Governor W. Averell Harriman and several other candidates on the first presidential ballot of the 1956 Democratic National Convention. Stevenson called for a significant increase in government spending on social programs and a decrease in military spending.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [40, 40], "content_span": [41, 710]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074208-0002-0000", "contents": "1956 United States presidential election\nWith the end of the Korean War and a strong economy, few doubted that the charismatic Eisenhower would be reelected. Supporters of the president focused on his \"personal qualities ... his sincerity, his integrity and sense of duty, his virtue as a family man, his religious devotion, and his sheer likeableness,\" rather than on his leadership record. The weeks before the election saw two major international crises in the Middle East and Eastern Europe, and Eisenhower's handling of the crises boosted his popularity.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [40, 40], "content_span": [41, 559]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074208-0003-0000", "contents": "1956 United States presidential election\nEisenhower slightly improved on his 1952 majorities in both the popular and electoral vote. He increased his 1952 gains among Democrats, especially Northern Catholics and city-dwelling White Southerners. Although he unusually lost Missouri, which had been a bellwether state for most of the 20th century and had voted for him in the previous election of 1952, he picked up Kentucky, Louisiana, and West Virginia, which had voted against him in the previous election.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [40, 40], "content_span": [41, 507]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074208-0003-0001", "contents": "1956 United States presidential election\nThis was the last presidential election before the admissions of Alaska and Hawaii in 1959, the last presidential election in which both Massachusetts and Minnesota voted Republican, the last election in which any of the major candidates had been born in the 19th century, and the most recent election to have been a rematch of a previous election.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [40, 40], "content_span": [41, 389]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074208-0004-0000", "contents": "1956 United States presidential election, Nominations, Republican Party\nEarly in 1956, there was speculation that President Eisenhower would not run for a second term because of concerns about his health. In 1955, Eisenhower had suffered a serious heart attack. However, he soon recovered and decided to run for a second term. (In June 1956 he also underwent surgery for ileitis) Given Eisenhower's enormous popularity, he was renominated with no opposition at the 1956 Republican National Convention in San Francisco, California.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [42, 71], "content_span": [72, 530]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074208-0005-0000", "contents": "1956 United States presidential election, Nominations, Republican Party\nThe only question among Republicans was whether Vice President Richard Nixon would again be Eisenhower's running mate. There is some evidence that Eisenhower would have preferred a less controversial running mate, such as Governor Christian Herter of Massachusetts. According to some historians (such as Stephen E. Ambrose), Eisenhower privately offered Nixon another position in his cabinet, such as Secretary of Defense. Harold Stassen was the only Republican to publicly oppose Nixon's re-nomination for vice-president, and Nixon remained highly popular among the Republican rank-and-file voters.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [42, 71], "content_span": [72, 671]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074208-0005-0001", "contents": "1956 United States presidential election, Nominations, Republican Party\nNixon had also reshaped the vice-presidency, using it as a platform to campaign for Republican state and local candidates across the country, and these candidates came to his defense. In the spring of 1956, Eisenhower publicly announced that Nixon would again be his running mate, and Stassen was forced to second Nixon's nomination at the Republican Convention. Unlike 1952, conservative Republicans (who had supported Robert A. Taft against Eisenhower in 1952) did not attempt to shape the platform. At the convention, one delegate voted for a fictitious \"Joe Smith\" for vice-president to prevent a unanimous vote.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [42, 71], "content_span": [72, 688]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074208-0006-0000", "contents": "1956 United States presidential election, Nominations, Democratic Party, Primaries\nAdlai Stevenson, the Democratic Party's 1952 nominee, fought a tight primary battle with populist Tennessee Senator Estes Kefauver for the 1956 nomination. Kefauver won the New Hampshire primary unopposed (though Stevenson won 15% on write-ins). After Kefauver upset Stevenson in the Minnesota primary, Stevenson, realizing that he was in trouble, agreed to debate Kefauver in Florida. Stevenson and Kefauver held the first televised presidential debate on May 21, 1956, before the Florida primary. Stevenson carried Florida by a 52\u201348% margin. By the time of the California primary in June 1956, Kefauver's campaign had run low on money and could not compete for publicity and advertising with the well-funded Stevenson. Stevenson won the California primary by a 63\u201337% margin, and Kefauver soon withdrew from the race.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [42, 82], "content_span": [83, 903]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074208-0007-0000", "contents": "1956 United States presidential election, Nominations, Democratic Party, Democratic National Convention\nAt the 1956 Democratic National Convention in Chicago, Illinois, New York Governor W. Averell Harriman, who was backed by former President Harry S. Truman, challenged Stevenson for the nomination. However, Stevenson's delegate lead was much too large for Harriman to overcome, and Stevenson won the nomination on the first ballot.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [42, 103], "content_span": [104, 434]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074208-0008-0000", "contents": "1956 United States presidential election, Nominations, Democratic Party, Democratic National Convention\nThe roll call, as reported in Richard C. Bain and Judith H. Parris, Convention Decisions and Voting Records, pp. 294\u2013298 :", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [42, 103], "content_span": [104, 226]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074208-0009-0000", "contents": "1956 United States presidential election, Nominations, Democratic Party, Vice-presidential nomination\nThe highlight of the 1956 Democratic Convention came when Stevenson, to create excitement for the ticket, made the surprise announcement that the convention's delegates would choose his running mate. This set off a desperate scramble among several candidates to win the nomination. Potential vice-presidential candidates had only one hectic day to campaign among the delegates before the voting began. The two leading contenders were Senator Kefauver, who retained the support of his primary delegates, and Senator John F. Kennedy from Massachusetts, who was not well known at the time.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [42, 101], "content_span": [102, 688]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074208-0009-0001", "contents": "1956 United States presidential election, Nominations, Democratic Party, Vice-presidential nomination\nAlthough Stevenson privately preferred Senator Kennedy to be his running mate, he did not attempt to influence the balloting for Kennedy in any way. Kennedy surprised the experts by surging into the lead on the second ballot; at one point, he was only 15 votes shy of winning. However, a number of states then left their \"favorite son\" candidates and switched to Kefauver, giving him the victory. Kennedy then gave a gracious concession speech.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [42, 101], "content_span": [102, 546]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074208-0009-0002", "contents": "1956 United States presidential election, Nominations, Democratic Party, Vice-presidential nomination\nThe defeat was a boost for Kennedy's long-term presidential chances: as a serious contender, he gained favorable national publicity, yet by losing to Kefauver he avoided blame for Stevenson's loss to Eisenhower in November. The vote totals in the vice-presidential balloting are recorded in the following table, which also comes from Bain & Parris.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [42, 101], "content_span": [102, 450]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074208-0010-0000", "contents": "1956 United States presidential election, General election, Campaign\nStevenson campaigned hard against Eisenhower, with television ads for the first time being the dominant medium for both sides. Eisenhower's 1952 election victory had been due in large part to winning the female vote; hence, during this campaign there was a plethora of \"housewife\"-focused ads. Some commentators at the time also argued that television's new prominence was a major factor in Eisenhower's decision to run for a second term at the age of 66, considering his weak health after the heart attack in 1955. Television allowed Eisenhower to reach people across the country without enduring the strain of repeated coast-to-coast travel, making a national campaign more feasible.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [42, 68], "content_span": [69, 754]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074208-0011-0000", "contents": "1956 United States presidential election, General election, Campaign\nStevenson proposed significant increases in government spending for social programs and treaties with the Soviet Union to lower military spending and end nuclear testing on both sides. He also proposed to end the military draft and switch to an \"all-volunteer\" military. Eisenhower publicly opposed these ideas, even though in private he was working on a proposal to ban atmospheric nuclear testing. Eisenhower had retained the enormous personal and political popularity he had earned during World War II, and he maintained a comfortable lead in the polls throughout the campaign.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [42, 68], "content_span": [69, 649]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074208-0012-0000", "contents": "1956 United States presidential election, General election, Campaign\nEisenhower was also helped by his handling of two developing foreign-policy crises that occurred in the weeks before the election. In the Soviet-occupied People's Republic of Hungary, many citizens had risen in revolt in the Revolution of 1956 against Soviet domination, but the Soviets responded by invading the country on October 26. Three days later, a combined force of Israeli, British, and French troops invaded Egypt to topple Gamal Abdel Nasser and seize the recently nationalized Suez Canal. The resolution of the latter crisis rapidly moved to the United Nations, and the Hungarian revolt was brutally crushed within a few days by re-deployed Soviet troops. Eisenhower condemned both actions, but was unable to help Hungary; he did, however, forcefully pressure the western forces to withdraw from Egypt.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [42, 68], "content_span": [69, 883]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074208-0013-0000", "contents": "1956 United States presidential election, General election, Campaign\nWhile these two events led many Americans to rally in support of the president and swelled his expected margin of victory, the campaign was seen differently by some foreign governments. The Eisenhower administration had also supported the Brown v. Board of Education ruling in 1954; this ruling by the U.S. Supreme Court ended legal segregation in public schools. Meanwhile, Stevenson voiced disapproval about federal court intervention in segregation, saying about Brown that \"we don't need reforms or groping experiments.\" This was an about-face from the national Democratic party platform's endorsement of civil rights in the 1948 campaign. Although Eisenhower \"avoid[ed] a clear stand on the Brown decision\" during the campaign, in the contest with Stevenson, he won the support of nearly 40% of black voters; he was the last Republican presidential candidate to receive such a level of support from black voters.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [42, 68], "content_span": [69, 986]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074208-0014-0000", "contents": "1956 United States presidential election, General election, Results\nEisenhower led all opinion polls by large margins throughout the campaign. On Election Day Eisenhower took over 57% of the popular vote and won 41 of the 48 states. Stevenson won only six Southern states and the border state of Missouri, becoming the first losing candidate since William Jennings Bryan in 1900 to carry Missouri. Eisenhower carried Louisiana, making him the first Republican presidential candidate to carry the state, or any state in the Deep South for that matter, since Rutherford Hayes had done so in 1876 during Reconstruction.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [42, 67], "content_span": [68, 616]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074208-0015-0000", "contents": "1956 United States presidential election, General election, Results\nThis election was the last in which Massachusetts voted Republican until 1980 and the last in which Connecticut, Maryland, Michigan, Minnesota, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, Texas, and West Virginia did so until 1972. Conversely this was the last election in which Mississippi voted Democratic until 1976, and is also the last election until 1976 when Alabama gave a majority of its electoral votes to the Democratic candidate.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [42, 67], "content_span": [68, 503]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074208-0016-0000", "contents": "1956 United States presidential election, General election, Results\nResults by county, shaded according to winning candidate's percentage of the vote", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [42, 67], "content_span": [68, 149]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074208-0017-0000", "contents": "1956 United States presidential election, General election, Close states\nMargin of victory over 5%, but under 10% (46 electoral votes)", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [42, 72], "content_span": [73, 134]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074208-0018-0000", "contents": "1956 United States presidential election, General election, Close states\n(a) Alabama faithless elector W. F. Turner, who was pledged to Adlai Stevenson and Estes Kefauver, instead cast his votes for Walter Burgwyn Jones, who was a circuit court judge in Turner's home town, and Herman Talmadge, governor of the neighboring state of Georgia.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [42, 72], "content_span": [73, 340]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074208-0019-0000", "contents": "1956 United States presidential election, General election, Close states\nBecause of the admission of Alaska and Hawaii as states in 1959, the 1956 presidential election was the last in which there were 531 electoral votes.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [42, 72], "content_span": [73, 222]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074209-0000-0000", "contents": "1956 United States presidential election in Alabama\nThe 1956 United States presidential election in Alabama took place on November 6, 1956, as part of the 1956 United States presidential election. Alabama voters chose eleven representatives, or electors, to the Electoral College, who voted for president and vice president.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 51], "section_span": [51, 51], "content_span": [52, 324]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074209-0001-0000", "contents": "1956 United States presidential election in Alabama\nAlabama was won by Adlai Stevenson (D\u2013Illinois), running with Senator Estes Kefauver, with 56.52 percent of the popular vote against incumbent President Dwight D. Eisenhower (R\u2013Pennsylvania), running with Vice President Richard Nixon, with 39.39% of the popular vote. Stevenson received ten of Alabama's eleven electoral votes; the eleventh was cast by a faithless elector for Walter B. Jones.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 51], "section_span": [51, 51], "content_span": [52, 445]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074209-0001-0001", "contents": "1956 United States presidential election in Alabama\nAs of the 2020 presidential election, this is the last election in which Macon County voted for a Republican nominee, and one of just three presidential elections when Macon County was won by a Republican, the others being the Reconstruction Era elections of 1868 and 1872. It is also the last time that Houston County voted for a Democratic nominee.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 51], "section_span": [51, 51], "content_span": [52, 402]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074210-0000-0000", "contents": "1956 United States presidential election in Arizona\nThe 1956 United States presidential election in Arizona took place on November 6, 1956, as part of the 1956 United States presidential election. States voters chose four representatives, or electors, to the Electoral College, who voted for president and vice president.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 51], "section_span": [51, 51], "content_span": [52, 321]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074210-0001-0000", "contents": "1956 United States presidential election in Arizona\nArizona was won by incumbent President Dwight D. Eisenhower (R\u2013Pennsylvania), running with Vice President Richard Nixon, with 60.99% of the popular vote, against Adlai Stevenson (D\u2013Illinois), running with Senator Estes Kefauver, with 39.90% of the popular vote.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 51], "section_span": [51, 51], "content_span": [52, 313]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074210-0002-0000", "contents": "1956 United States presidential election in Arizona\nEisenhower was the first Republican presidential candidate to ever carry Graham County, which was to become a Republican stronghold after 1964.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 51], "section_span": [51, 51], "content_span": [52, 195]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074211-0000-0000", "contents": "1956 United States presidential election in Arkansas\nThe 1956 United States presidential election in Arkansas took place on November 6, 1956, as part of the 1956 United States presidential election. State voters chose eight representatives, or electors, to the Electoral College, who voted for president and vice president.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 52], "section_span": [52, 52], "content_span": [53, 323]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074211-0001-0000", "contents": "1956 United States presidential election in Arkansas\nArkansas was won by Adlai Stevenson (D\u2013Illinois), running with Senator Estes Kefauver, with 52.46% of the popular vote against incumbent President Dwight D. Eisenhower (R\u2013Pennsylvania), running with Vice President Richard Nixon, with 45.82% of the popular vote.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 52], "section_span": [52, 52], "content_span": [53, 314]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074211-0002-0000", "contents": "1956 United States presidential election in Arkansas\nAs of the 2020 presidential election, this is the last election in which the Democratic nominee carried Arkansas without winning the presidency.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 52], "section_span": [52, 52], "content_span": [53, 197]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074212-0000-0000", "contents": "1956 United States presidential election in California\nThe 1956 United States presidential election in California took place on November 1956 as part of the 1956 United States presidential election. State voters chose 32 representatives, or electors, to the Electoral College, who voted for president and vice president.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 54], "section_span": [54, 54], "content_span": [55, 320]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074212-0001-0000", "contents": "1956 United States presidential election in California\nCalifornia voted for the Republican incumbent, Dwight D. Eisenhower, in a landslide over the Democratic challenger, former Illinois Governor Adlai Stevenson. However, Stevenson did improve his performance in California from four years previous.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 54], "section_span": [54, 54], "content_span": [55, 299]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074212-0002-0000", "contents": "1956 United States presidential election in California\nAs of the 2020 presidential election, this is the last presidential election in California where the Republican candidate won the counties of Alameda and San Francisco, both of which have become strongholds of the Democratic Party.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 54], "section_span": [54, 54], "content_span": [55, 286]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074213-0000-0000", "contents": "1956 United States presidential election in Colorado\nThe 1956 United States presidential election in Colorado took place on November 6, 1956, as part of the 1956 United States presidential election. State voters chose six representatives, or electors, to the Electoral College, who voted for president and vice president.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 52], "section_span": [52, 52], "content_span": [53, 321]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074213-0001-0000", "contents": "1956 United States presidential election in Colorado\nColorado was won by incumbent President Dwight D. Eisenhower (R\u2013Pennsylvania), running with Vice President Richard Nixon, with 59.49% of the popular vote, against Adlai Stevenson (D\u2013Illinois), running with Senator Estes Kefauver, with 39.81% of the popular vote.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 52], "section_span": [52, 52], "content_span": [53, 315]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074214-0000-0000", "contents": "1956 United States presidential election in Connecticut\nThe 1956 United States presidential election in Connecticut took place on November 6, 1956, as part of the 1956 United States presidential election which was held throughout all contemporary 48 states. Voters chose eight representatives, or electors to the Electoral College, who voted for president and vice president.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 55], "section_span": [55, 55], "content_span": [56, 375]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074214-0001-0000", "contents": "1956 United States presidential election in Connecticut\nConnecticut voted for the Republican nominee, incumbent President Dwight D. Eisenhower of Pennsylvania, over the Democratic nominee, former Governor Adlai Stevenson of Illinois. Eisenhower ran with incumbent Vice President Richard Nixon of California, while Stevenson's running mate was Senator Estes Kefauver of Tennessee.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 55], "section_span": [55, 55], "content_span": [56, 379]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074214-0002-0000", "contents": "1956 United States presidential election in Connecticut\nEisenhower won Connecticut by a margin of 27.46%. As of 2020, this was the most recent presidential election in which the Republican nominee carried the town of Bloomfield and the cities of Middletown, New Britain, and New Haven.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 55], "section_span": [55, 55], "content_span": [56, 285]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074215-0000-0000", "contents": "1956 United States presidential election in Delaware\nThe 1956 United States presidential election in Delaware took place on November 6, 1956, as part of the 1956 United States presidential election. State voters chose three representatives, or electors, to the Electoral College, who voted for president and vice president.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 52], "section_span": [52, 52], "content_span": [53, 323]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074215-0001-0000", "contents": "1956 United States presidential election in Delaware\nDelaware was won by incumbent President Dwight D. Eisenhower (R\u2013Pennsylvania), running with Vice President Richard Nixon, with 55.09% of the popular vote, against Adlai Stevenson (D\u2013Illinois), running with Senator Estes Kefauver, with 44.62% of the popular vote.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 52], "section_span": [52, 52], "content_span": [53, 315]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074216-0000-0000", "contents": "1956 United States presidential election in Florida\nThe 1956 United States presidential election in Florida was held on November 6, 1956, as part of the concurrent United States presidential election. Florida voters chose ten electors, or representatives to the Electoral College, who voted for president and vice president.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 51], "section_span": [51, 51], "content_span": [52, 324]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074216-0001-0000", "contents": "1956 United States presidential election in Florida, Background\nExcept for the 1928 election when fierce anti-Catholicism and Prohibitionism caused Herbert Hoover to defeat the wet Catholic Al Smith, Florida since the end of Reconstruction had been a classic Southern one-party state dominated by the Democratic Party. Disfranchisement of African-Americans and many poor whites had virtually eliminated the Republican Party \u2013 only nine Republicans were ever elected to the state legislature between 1890 and 1950 \u2013 while Democratic primaries were the sole competitive elections.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 51], "section_span": [53, 63], "content_span": [64, 578]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074216-0002-0000", "contents": "1956 United States presidential election in Florida, Background\nUnder the influence of Senator Claude Pepper, Florida abolished the poll tax in 1937, leading to steady increases in voter turnout during the following several elections; however, there was no marked increase in African-American voting and Democratic hegemony remained unchallenged: FDR did not lose a single county in the state during his four elections.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 51], "section_span": [53, 63], "content_span": [64, 419]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074216-0003-0000", "contents": "1956 United States presidential election in Florida, Background\nHowever, the following two elections would see a rapid trend away from Democratic hegemony towards Republican dominance in newer, more liberal South Florida. The regions shifting rapidly towards the GOP in these two elections lacked a history of slave-based plantation farming, and saw Eisenhower as more favourable to business than the Democratic Party. They also had seen a very large inflow of elderly migrants from the Northern states who were attracted by Florida's hot climate. Consequently, Eisenhower was able to carry the Sunshine State by a double-digit margin in 1952, in spite of losing badly in the \"Hoovercrat\" pineywoods and Black Belt of the Panhandle.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 51], "section_span": [53, 63], "content_span": [64, 732]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074216-0004-0000", "contents": "1956 United States presidential election in Florida, Vote\nThe 1956 election saw, in general, little change from trends established during the previous two elections, with the most significant exception being a marked (though temporary) trend towards Eisenhower amongst the small but increasing number of Negro voters in the state. Eisenhower, aided further by increased Northerner migration, won against his rematch opponent Adlai Stevenson II by 163,474 votes or 14.54%.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 51], "section_span": [53, 57], "content_span": [58, 471]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074217-0000-0000", "contents": "1956 United States presidential election in Georgia\nThe 1956 United States presidential election in Georgia took place on November 6, 1956, as part of the 1956 United States presidential election. Georgia voters chose 12 representatives, or electors, to the Electoral College, who voted for president and vice president.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 51], "section_span": [51, 51], "content_span": [52, 320]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074217-0001-0000", "contents": "1956 United States presidential election in Georgia\nGeorgia was won by Adlai Stevenson (D\u2013Illinois), running with Senator Estes Kefauver, with 66.48% of the popular vote against incumbent President Dwight D. Eisenhower (R\u2013Pennsylvania), running with Vice President Richard Nixon, with 32.65% of the popular vote.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 51], "section_span": [51, 51], "content_span": [52, 312]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074218-0000-0000", "contents": "1956 United States presidential election in Idaho\nThe 1956 United States presidential election in Idaho took place on November 6, 1956, as part of the 1956 United States presidential election. State voters chose four representatives, or electors, to the Electoral College, who voted for president and vice president.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 49], "section_span": [49, 49], "content_span": [50, 316]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074218-0001-0000", "contents": "1956 United States presidential election in Idaho\nIdaho was won by incumbent President Dwight D. Eisenhower (R\u2013Pennsylvania), running with Vice President Richard Nixon, with 61.17% of the popular vote, against Adlai Stevenson (D\u2013Illinois), running with Senator Estes Kefauver, with 38.78% of the popular vote.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 49], "section_span": [49, 49], "content_span": [50, 309]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074219-0000-0000", "contents": "1956 United States presidential election in Illinois\nThe 1956 United States presidential election in Illinois took place on November 6, 1956, as part of the 1956 United States presidential election. State voters chose 27 representatives, or electors, to the Electoral College, who voted for president and vice president.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 52], "section_span": [52, 52], "content_span": [53, 320]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074219-0001-0000", "contents": "1956 United States presidential election in Illinois\nIllinois was won by incumbent President Dwight D. Eisenhower (R\u2013Pennsylvania), running with Vice President Richard Nixon, with 59.52% of the popular vote, against Adlai Stevenson (D\u2013Illinois), running with Senator Estes Kefauver, with 40.29% of the popular vote.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 52], "section_span": [52, 52], "content_span": [53, 315]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074219-0002-0000", "contents": "1956 United States presidential election in Illinois, Election information\nThe primaries and general elections coincided with those for other federal offices (Senate and House), as well as those for state offices.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 52], "section_span": [54, 74], "content_span": [75, 213]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074219-0003-0000", "contents": "1956 United States presidential election in Illinois, Election information, Turnout\nTurnout in the state-run primary elections (Democratic and Republican) was 31.69% with a total of 1,577,163 votes cast.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 52], "section_span": [54, 83], "content_span": [84, 203]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074219-0004-0000", "contents": "1956 United States presidential election in Illinois, Election information, Turnout\nTurnout during the general election was 84.47%, with 4,407,407 votes cast.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 52], "section_span": [54, 83], "content_span": [84, 158]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074219-0005-0000", "contents": "1956 United States presidential election in Illinois, Primaries\nBoth major parties held non-binding state-run preferential primaries on April 10.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 52], "section_span": [54, 63], "content_span": [64, 145]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074219-0006-0000", "contents": "1956 United States presidential election in Illinois, Primaries, Democratic\nThe 1956 Illinois Democratic presidential primary was held on April 10, 1956, in the U.S. state of Illinois as one of the Democratic Party's state primaries ahead of the 1956 presidential election.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 52], "section_span": [54, 75], "content_span": [76, 273]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074219-0007-0000", "contents": "1956 United States presidential election in Illinois, Primaries, Democratic\nThe popular vote was a non-binding \"beauty contest\". Delegates were instead elected by direct votes by congressional district on delegate candidates.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 52], "section_span": [54, 75], "content_span": [76, 225]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074219-0008-0000", "contents": "1956 United States presidential election in Illinois, Primaries, Democratic\nAll candidates besides Adlai Stevenson II, who won a landslide victory, were write-ins.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 52], "section_span": [54, 75], "content_span": [76, 163]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074219-0009-0000", "contents": "1956 United States presidential election in Illinois, Primaries, Republican\nThe 1956 Illinois Republican presidential primary was held on April 10, 1956, in the U.S. state of Illinois as one of the Republican Party's state primaries ahead of the 1956 presidential election.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 52], "section_span": [54, 75], "content_span": [76, 273]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074219-0010-0000", "contents": "1956 United States presidential election in Illinois, Primaries, Republican\nThe preference vote was a \"beauty contest\". Delegates were instead selected by direct-vote in each congressional districts on delegate candidates.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 52], "section_span": [54, 75], "content_span": [76, 222]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074220-0000-0000", "contents": "1956 United States presidential election in Indiana\nThe 1956 United States presidential election in Indiana took place on November 6, 1956, as part of the 1956 United States presidential election. State voters chose 13 representatives, or electors, to the Electoral College, who voted for president and vice president.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 51], "section_span": [51, 51], "content_span": [52, 318]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074220-0001-0000", "contents": "1956 United States presidential election in Indiana\nIndiana was won by incumbent President Dwight D. Eisenhower (R\u2013Pennsylvania), running with Vice President Richard Nixon, with 59.90% of the popular vote, against Adlai Stevenson (D\u2013Illinois), running with Senator Estes Kefauver, with 39.70% of the popular vote.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 51], "section_span": [51, 51], "content_span": [52, 313]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074220-0002-0000", "contents": "1956 United States presidential election in Indiana\nThis is the last time a Republican won Lake County while not being able to win all of the counties(Nixon won Lake County while winning every county in Indiana in 1972)", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 51], "section_span": [51, 51], "content_span": [52, 219]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074221-0000-0000", "contents": "1956 United States presidential election in Iowa\nThe 1956 United States presidential election in Iowa took place on November 6, 1956, as part of the 1956 United States presidential election. Iowa voters chose ten representatives, or electors, to the Electoral College, who voted for president and vice president.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 48], "section_span": [48, 48], "content_span": [49, 312]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074221-0001-0000", "contents": "1956 United States presidential election in Iowa\nIowa was won by incumbent President Dwight D. Eisenhower (R\u2013Pennsylvania), running with Vice President Richard Nixon, with 59.06% of the popular vote, against Adlai Stevenson (D\u2013Illinois), running with Senator Estes Kefauver, with 40.65% of the popular vote. Eisenhower carried every county except for Wapello County; this would be the last time a Republican presidential candidate won Dubuque County until Donald Trump in 2016.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 48], "section_span": [48, 48], "content_span": [49, 477]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074222-0000-0000", "contents": "1956 United States presidential election in Kansas\nThe 1956 United States presidential election in Kansas took place on November 6, 1956, as part of the 1956 United States presidential election. Voters chose eight representatives, or electors, to the Electoral College, who voted for president and vice president.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 50], "section_span": [50, 50], "content_span": [51, 313]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074222-0001-0000", "contents": "1956 United States presidential election in Kansas\nKansas was won by incumbent President Dwight D. Eisenhower (R\u2013Pennsylvania), running with Vice President Richard Nixon, with 65.44% of the popular vote, against Adlai Stevenson (D\u2013Illinois), running with Senator Estes Kefauver, with 34.21% of the popular vote. Eisenhower, as expected, had no trouble carrying his boyhood home state, having spent his formative years in Abilene.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 50], "section_span": [50, 50], "content_span": [51, 429]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074222-0002-0000", "contents": "1956 United States presidential election in Kansas\nWith 65.44% of the popular vote, Kansas proved to be Eisenhower's fifth strongest state after Vermont, Maine, New Hampshire and Nebraska.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 50], "section_span": [50, 50], "content_span": [51, 188]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074223-0000-0000", "contents": "1956 United States presidential election in Kentucky\nThe 1956 United States presidential election in Kentucky took place on November 6, 1956, as part of the 1956 United States presidential election. Kentucky voters chose ten representatives, or electors, to the Electoral College, who voted for president and vice president.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 52], "section_span": [52, 52], "content_span": [53, 324]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074223-0001-0000", "contents": "1956 United States presidential election in Kentucky\nKentucky was won by incumbent President Dwight D. Eisenhower (R\u2013Pennsylvania), running with Vice President Richard Nixon, with 54.30 percent of the popular vote, against Adlai Stevenson (D\u2013Illinois), running with Senator Estes Kefauver, with 45.21 percent of the popular vote. Along with Louisiana and West Virginia, Kentucky was one of the 3 states Eisenhower lost in 1952, but managed to flip in 1956.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 52], "section_span": [52, 52], "content_span": [53, 456]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074224-0000-0000", "contents": "1956 United States presidential election in Louisiana\nThe 1956 United States presidential election in Louisiana took place on November 6, 1956, as part of the 1956 United States presidential election. State voters chose ten representatives, or electors, to the Electoral College, who voted for president and vice president.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 53], "section_span": [53, 53], "content_span": [54, 323]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074224-0001-0000", "contents": "1956 United States presidential election in Louisiana\nLouisiana was won by incumbent President Dwight D. Eisenhower (R\u2013Pennsylvania), running with Vice President Richard Nixon, with 53.28% of the popular vote, against Adlai Stevenson (D\u2013Illinois), running with Senator Estes Kefauver, with 39.51% of the popular vote. This was the first time a Republican presidential candidate won Louisiana since Rutherford B. Hayes in 1876. Along with Kentucky and West Virginia, Louisiana was one of 3 states that Dwight Eisenhower lost in 1952, but managed to flip in 1956.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 53], "section_span": [53, 53], "content_span": [54, 561]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074225-0000-0000", "contents": "1956 United States presidential election in Maine\nThe 1956 United States presidential election in Maine took place on November 6, 1956, as part of the 1956 United States presidential election which was held throughout all contemporary 48 states. Voters chose five representatives, or electors to the Electoral College, who voted for president and vice president.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 49], "section_span": [49, 49], "content_span": [50, 362]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074225-0001-0000", "contents": "1956 United States presidential election in Maine\nMaine overwhelmingly voted for the Republican nominee, incumbent President Dwight D. Eisenhower of Pennsylvania, over the Democratic nominee, former Governor Adlai Stevenson of Illinois. Eisenhower ran with incumbent Vice President Richard Nixon of California, while Stevenson's running mate was Senator Estes Kefauver of Tennessee.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 49], "section_span": [49, 49], "content_span": [50, 382]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074225-0002-0000", "contents": "1956 United States presidential election in Maine\nEisenhower won Maine by a landslide margin of 41.74%. Although the Pine Tree State was almost completely dominated by the Republican Party between 1856 and 1960 (apart from 1912 where the Republican vote was split), Eisenhower's performance is nonetheless the second-best by any presidential candidate in Maine, behind only Yankee Calvin Coolidge in 1924, who won a 1.16% higher share of the popular vote. He carried every county in Maine, and won thirteen of sixteen with over seventy percent of the vote.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 49], "section_span": [49, 49], "content_span": [50, 556]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074225-0002-0001", "contents": "1956 United States presidential election in Maine\nThis election would prove the last of a century of GOP dominance in the Yankee Northeast: over the following two elections, the Republican share would decline 39% in Maine as the party moved its target support base from the declining Northeast to the \"Sun Belt\" of the lower-tax South and Desert Southwest.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 49], "section_span": [49, 49], "content_span": [50, 356]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074225-0003-0000", "contents": "1956 United States presidential election in Maine\nWith 70.87% of the popular vote, Maine would prove to be Eisenhower's second strongest state after nearby Vermont.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 49], "section_span": [49, 49], "content_span": [50, 164]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074225-0004-0000", "contents": "1956 United States presidential election in Maine, Notes\nThis Maine elections-related article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by .", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 49], "section_span": [51, 56], "content_span": [57, 132]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074226-0000-0000", "contents": "1956 United States presidential election in Maryland\nThe 1956 United States presidential election in Maryland took place on November 6, 1956, as part of the 1956 United States presidential election. State voters chose nine representatives, or electors, to the Electoral College, who voted for president and vice president.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 52], "section_span": [52, 52], "content_span": [53, 322]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074226-0001-0000", "contents": "1956 United States presidential election in Maryland\nMaryland was won by incumbent President Dwight D. Eisenhower (R\u2013Pennsylvania), running with Vice President Richard Nixon, with 60.00% of the popular vote, against Adlai Stevenson (D\u2013Illinois), running with Senator Estes Kefauver, with 39.94% of the popular vote.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 52], "section_span": [52, 52], "content_span": [53, 315]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074226-0002-0000", "contents": "1956 United States presidential election in Maryland\nBy winning all 24 county-equivalents, Eisenhower became and remains the solitary presidential candidate to sweep all Maryland's counties and Baltimore City. As of 2021, this is the last election in which the City of Baltimore voted for a Republican presidential candidate, and by extension, the last election in which a presidential candidate won all of the state's counties.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 52], "section_span": [52, 52], "content_span": [53, 428]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074226-0003-0000", "contents": "1956 United States presidential election in Maryland\nGeorge Washington in 1792 is the only other candidate who swept all of Maryland's existing counties, though at the time several did not yet exist. In 1789 and 1820, the other two elections in which a candidate ran virtually unopposed, unpledged slates of electors ran as opposition in both elections: Anti- Federalist electors in 1789, and Federalist electors in 1820. These electors supported Washington and James Monroe, but supported different Vice Presidential candidates. Thus, it is a debatable topic whether these count as total sweeps or not (In 1789, the Anti- Federalist electors won Baltimore and Anne Arundel county, and in 1820 St. Mary's and Charles counties). Nevertheless, Eisenhower remains the only candidate in the modern party system to win all of Maryland's counties, and the only to win all of the presently existing ones.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 52], "section_span": [52, 52], "content_span": [53, 897]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074227-0000-0000", "contents": "1956 United States presidential election in Massachusetts\nThe 1956 United States presidential election in Massachusetts took place on November 6, 1956, as part of the 1956 United States presidential election, which was held throughout all contemporary 48 states. Voters chose 16 representatives, or electors to the Electoral College, who voted for president and vice president.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 57], "section_span": [57, 57], "content_span": [58, 377]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074227-0001-0000", "contents": "1956 United States presidential election in Massachusetts\nMassachusetts voted decisively for the Republican nominee, incumbent President Dwight D. Eisenhower of Pennsylvania, over the Democratic nominee, former Governor Adlai Stevenson of Illinois. Eisenhower ran with incumbent Vice President Richard Nixon of California, while Stevenson's running mate was Senator Estes Kefauver of Tennessee.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 57], "section_span": [57, 57], "content_span": [58, 394]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074227-0002-0000", "contents": "1956 United States presidential election in Massachusetts\nEisenhower carried the state with 59.32% of the vote to Stevenson's 40.37%, a Republican victory margin of 18.95%.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 57], "section_span": [57, 57], "content_span": [58, 172]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074227-0003-0000", "contents": "1956 United States presidential election in Massachusetts\nAs Eisenhower won a decisive re-election victory nationwide, Massachusetts weighed in for this election as about 4% more Republican than the national average. This remains the last presidential election in which Massachusetts voted more Republican than the nation, as the state would trend dramatically toward the Democratic Party beginning in 1960.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 57], "section_span": [57, 57], "content_span": [58, 407]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074227-0004-0000", "contents": "1956 United States presidential election in Massachusetts\nOnce a typical Yankee Republican bastion in the wake of the Civil War, Massachusetts had been a Democratic-leaning state since 1928, when a coalition of Irish Catholic and other ethnic immigrant voters primarily based in urban areas turned Massachusetts and neighboring Rhode Island into New England's only reliably Democratic states. Massachusetts voted for Al Smith in 1928, for Franklin Roosevelt 4 times in the 1930s and 1940s, and for Harry S. Truman in 1948. However General Dwight Eisenhower, a war hero and moderate Republican who pledged to support and continue popular New Deal Democratic policies, was finally able to appeal to a broad enough coalition both to win back the White House and to flip Massachusetts back into the Republican column.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 57], "section_span": [57, 57], "content_span": [58, 813]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074227-0005-0000", "contents": "1956 United States presidential election in Massachusetts\nIn his initial 1952 campaign, Eisenhower won back Massachusetts by a closer 54\u201345 margin, but the popular incumbent, who governed in a very moderate way that appealed to New England voters, was able to more than double his margin of victory in the state in the 1956 election.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 57], "section_span": [57, 57], "content_span": [58, 333]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074227-0006-0000", "contents": "1956 United States presidential election in Massachusetts\nEisenhower carried 13 of the state's 14 counties, Stevenson's only victory coming from urban Suffolk County, home to the state's capital and largest city, Boston.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 57], "section_span": [57, 57], "content_span": [58, 220]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074227-0007-0000", "contents": "1956 United States presidential election in Massachusetts\nNo Republican would carry Massachusetts in a presidential election again until Ronald Reagan won the state in 1980. Since this election, no Republican has ever carried the counties of Bristol, Hampshire and Middlesex. No Republican candidate has matched Eisenhower's 1.39 million votes in any presidential election in Massachusetts since.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 57], "section_span": [57, 57], "content_span": [58, 396]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074228-0000-0000", "contents": "1956 United States presidential election in Michigan\nThe 1956 United States presidential election in Michigan was held on November 6, 1956 as part of the 1956 United States presidential election. Voters chose 20 electors to the Electoral College, who voted for president and vice president.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 52], "section_span": [52, 52], "content_span": [53, 290]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074228-0001-0000", "contents": "1956 United States presidential election in Michigan\nMichigan was won by the Republican Party candidate Dwight D. Eisenhower with 56% of the popular vote, winning the state's twenty electoral votes. However, this result made Michigan 2% more Democratic than the nation-at-large.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 52], "section_span": [52, 52], "content_span": [53, 278]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074229-0000-0000", "contents": "1956 United States presidential election in Minnesota\nThe 1956 United States presidential election in Minnesota took place on November 6, 1956, as part of the 1956 United States presidential election. Voters chose 11 electors, or representatives to the Electoral College, who voted for president and vice president.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 53], "section_span": [53, 53], "content_span": [54, 315]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074229-0001-0000", "contents": "1956 United States presidential election in Minnesota\nMinnesota was won by the Republican Party candidate, incumbent President Dwight D. Eisenhower won the state over former Illinois governor Adlai Stevenson by a margin of 101,777 votes, or 7.6%, which made Minnesota 8% more Democratic than the nation-at-large. Eisenhower went on to win the election nationally, with 457 electoral votes and a landslide 15.4% lead over Stevenson in the popular vote. The 1956 presidential election was a rematch of the 1952 election, in which Eisenhower also defeated Stevenson, both nationally and in Minnesota. As of the 2020 presidential election, this is the last time Minnesota was carried twice by the Republican nominee.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 53], "section_span": [53, 53], "content_span": [54, 712]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074229-0002-0000", "contents": "1956 United States presidential election in Minnesota\nThe Democratic nomination campaign leading into 1956 presidential election may have had a major role in the end of the political career of Coya Knutson, the first woman to be elected to the United States House of Representatives from Minnesota. The Minnesota Democratic-Farmer-Labor Party, in a ploy to win a possible vice presidential nomination for its rising star, U.S. Senator Hubert Humphrey, desperately attempted to ensure that Stevenson would win in the DFL Presidential Primary in Minnesota that year.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 53], "section_span": [53, 53], "content_span": [54, 564]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074229-0002-0001", "contents": "1956 United States presidential election in Minnesota\nHowever, Congresswoman Knutson, believing that the agricultural policy positions of U.S. Senator Estes Kefauver of Tennessee would have been more beneficial to her constituents, instead endorsed and campaigned on behalf of Kefauver. In part due to Knutson's efforts, Kefauver won the March 20th Minnesota Presidential Primary; as a result, when Stevenson was ultimately nominated, Kefauver was chosen as his running mate.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 53], "section_span": [53, 53], "content_span": [54, 475]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074229-0003-0000", "contents": "1956 United States presidential election in Minnesota\nTwo years later, shortly before the 1958 DFL state convention, a letter signed but not written by Knutson's husband was circulated to reporters. The contents of the letter played on anxieties over deviations from the rigid gender roles of the time, and its publication by newspapers essentially ensured Knutson's defeat in her bid for re-election that year.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 53], "section_span": [53, 53], "content_span": [54, 411]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074229-0003-0001", "contents": "1956 United States presidential election in Minnesota\nIt has been alleged by several individuals, including Concordia College political science professor Harding Noblitt, Knutson biographer Gretchen Beito, and numerous people who were close to Knutson, that either DFL state leadership or local operatives wrote the letter and bribed Knutson's husband to sign it, as a means to exact retribution against the Congresswoman for denying Humphrey a shot at the vice presidential nomination in 1956.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 53], "section_span": [53, 53], "content_span": [54, 494]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074230-0000-0000", "contents": "1956 United States presidential election in Mississippi\nThe 1956 United States presidential election in Mississippi was held on November 6, 1956. Mississippi voters chose eight representatives, or electors to the Electoral College, who voted for president and vice president.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 55], "section_span": [55, 55], "content_span": [56, 275]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074230-0001-0000", "contents": "1956 United States presidential election in Mississippi, Background\nEver since the end of Reconstruction, Mississippi had been a one-party state dominated by the Democratic Party. The Republican Party was virtually nonexistent as a result of disenfranchisement among African Americans and poor whites, including voter intimidation against those who refused to vote Democratic.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 55], "section_span": [57, 67], "content_span": [68, 376]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074230-0002-0000", "contents": "1956 United States presidential election in Mississippi, Background\nFrom the time of Henry A. Wallace's appointment as Vice-President and the 1943 Detroit race riots, however, the northern left wing of the Democratic Party became committed to restoring black political rights, a policy vehemently opposed by all Southern Democrats as an infringement upon \"states' rights\". Consequently, the four states with the highest proportions of (disenfranchised) African-Americans in the populations listed South Carolina Governor James Strom Thurmond instead of national Democratic nominee Harry S. Truman as the \"Democratic\" nominee in the 1948 Presidential election. Although Thurmond easily carried South Carolina, Mississippi, Alabama and Louisiana, Truman won the election.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 55], "section_span": [57, 67], "content_span": [68, 769]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074230-0003-0000", "contents": "1956 United States presidential election in Mississippi, Background\nNevertheless, demands for civil rights legislation continued to intensify during the following eight years, although the pressing issue of the Korean War meant that Southern Democrats did not run a third-party ticket in 1952; however dissatisfaction with Democrat Adlai Stevenson on civil rights meant Dwight Eisenhower (listed as an \"Independent\" on the 1952 Mississippi ballot) gained considerable support from the exclusively white electorate of black belt counties, despite having a virtually identical position on civil rights.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 55], "section_span": [57, 67], "content_span": [68, 600]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074230-0004-0000", "contents": "1956 United States presidential election in Mississippi, Background\nAfter the landmark Brown v. Board of Education decision of 1954, however, Mississippi's rulers realized they could not rely on either major party to enforce segregation and white supremacy. The Citizens' Councils sought to map a regional caucus to deal with this issue, but it feared a split as had occurred in 1948. Nevertheless, the Citizens' Councils did place a slate of unpledged electors on the ballot alongside Eisenhower and Stevenson electors.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 55], "section_span": [57, 67], "content_span": [68, 520]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074230-0005-0000", "contents": "1956 United States presidential election in Mississippi, Vote\nUltimately Mississippi was to vote for Stevenson by a convincing margin of 33.76%, as the 1952 Eisenhower vote in the black belt was substantially turned over to the unpledged slate, whilst Stevenson held almost all of the vote he received in 1952. Mississippi was Stevenson's second-strongest state behind Georgia, and in terms of popular vote Eisenhower's weakest.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 55], "section_span": [57, 61], "content_span": [62, 428]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074230-0006-0000", "contents": "1956 United States presidential election in Mississippi, Vote\nAs of the 2020 presidential election, 1956 would nonetheless remain the last election where a Democrat has gained a majority of the vote in Mississippi. The party's increasing embrace of civil rights for blacks would turn the state over to another unpledged slate in 1960, then overwhelmingly to the anti-Civil Rights Act of 1964 Republican nominee Barry Goldwater in 1964. With the enfranchisement of the state's blacks via the Voting Rights Act, the majority white population would overwhelmingly move toward the Republican Party. Since 1965 only Jimmy Carter in 1976 has carried Mississippi for the Democratic Party \u2013 and even Southern evangelical Carter's performance was his third-weakest in the extended South behind his narrow losses in Virginia and Oklahoma.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 55], "section_span": [57, 61], "content_span": [62, 828]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074230-0007-0000", "contents": "1956 United States presidential election in Mississippi, Vote\nNo Democratic presidential nominee has carried the following counties since Stevenson did so in this election: Lamar, Lauderdale, Lincoln, Lowndes, Newton, Rankin, Scott and Simpson. Stevenson is also the last Democrat to carry Clarke County outright, but Jimmy Carter and Ronald Reagan tied there with 3,303 votes apiece in 1980. Oktibbeha County would not vote Democratic again until Barack Obama carried it in 2008. This is also the last election in which the Democratic nominee carried Mississippi without winning the presidency.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 55], "section_span": [57, 61], "content_span": [62, 595]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074231-0000-0000", "contents": "1956 United States presidential election in Missouri\nThe 1956 United States presidential election in Missouri took place on November 6, 1956, as part of the 1956 United States presidential election. Voters chose 13 representatives, or electors, to the Electoral College, who voted for president and vice president.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 52], "section_span": [52, 52], "content_span": [53, 314]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074231-0001-0000", "contents": "1956 United States presidential election in Missouri\nDemocrat Adlai Stevenson II narrowly won the state of Missouri over the Republican incumbent, Dwight D. Eisenhower, thanks in large part to a 72,000-vote margin in St. Louis. This election saw the state deviate from its traditional status as a national bellwether; with this exception, Missouri chose the eventual winner of each U.S. presidential contest between the 1904 election and the 2004 election. Missouri was the only state Eisenhower won in 1952 that Stevenson managed to flip. As of 2020, this is also the last election in which the Republican nominee won the presidency without carrying Missouri.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 52], "section_span": [52, 52], "content_span": [53, 660]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074232-0000-0000", "contents": "1956 United States presidential election in Montana\nThe 1956 United States presidential election in Montana took place on November 6, 1956 as part of the 1956 United States presidential election. Voters chose four representatives, or electors to the Electoral College, who voted for president and vice president.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 51], "section_span": [51, 51], "content_span": [52, 312]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074232-0001-0000", "contents": "1956 United States presidential election in Montana\nMontana strongly voted for the Republican nominee, President Dwight D. Eisenhower, over the Democratic nominee, former Illinois Governor Adlai Stevenson. Eisenhower won Montana by 14.26%; however, owing to a five-year drought in the High Plains that resulted in a considerable protest vote for Stevenson, he did not do as well as had four years earlier.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 51], "section_span": [51, 51], "content_span": [52, 405]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074232-0002-0000", "contents": "1956 United States presidential election in Montana\nHowever, his strong Catholic appeal meant that Eisenhower gained substantially in the heavily Irish mining counties of the west. His 48.61% in Deer Lodge County is the best by a Republican there since Warren G. Harding in 1920, and as of the 2020 presidential election, this is the only election since 1920 in which Silver Bow County voted for a Republican Presidential candidate. In addition to that, this is the only election since 1924, as of 2020, in which neighbouring Deer Lodge and Silver Bow counties voted for different candidates, the two normally being Democratic strongholds.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 51], "section_span": [51, 51], "content_span": [52, 639]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074233-0000-0000", "contents": "1956 United States presidential election in Nebraska\nThe 1956 United States presidential election in Nebraska took place on November 6, 1956, as part of the 1956 United States presidential election. Voters chose six representatives, or electors, to the Electoral College, who voted for president and vice president.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 52], "section_span": [52, 52], "content_span": [53, 315]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074233-0001-0000", "contents": "1956 United States presidential election in Nebraska\nNebraska was won by incumbent President Dwight D. Eisenhower (R\u2013Pennsylvania), running with Vice President Richard Nixon, with 65.51% of the popular vote, against Adlai Stevenson (D\u2013Illinois), running with Senator Estes Kefauver, with 34.49% of the popular vote.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 52], "section_span": [52, 52], "content_span": [53, 315]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074233-0002-0000", "contents": "1956 United States presidential election in Nebraska\nWith 65.51% of the popular vote, Nebraska would prove to be Eisenhower's fourth strongest state after Vermont, Maine and New Hampshire.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 52], "section_span": [52, 52], "content_span": [53, 188]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074234-0000-0000", "contents": "1956 United States presidential election in Nevada\nThe 1956 United States presidential election in Nevada took place on November 6, 1956, as part of the 1956 United States presidential election. State voters chose three representatives, or electors, to the Electoral College, who voted for president and vice president.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 50], "section_span": [50, 50], "content_span": [51, 319]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074234-0001-0000", "contents": "1956 United States presidential election in Nevada\nNevada was won by incumbent President Dwight D. Eisenhower (R\u2013Pennsylvania), running with Vice President Richard Nixon, with 57.97% of the popular vote, against Adlai Stevenson (D\u2013Illinois), running with Senator Estes Kefauver, with 42.03% of the popular vote.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 50], "section_span": [50, 50], "content_span": [51, 311]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074235-0000-0000", "contents": "1956 United States presidential election in New Hampshire\nThe 1956 United States presidential election in New Hampshire took place on November 6, 1956, as part of the 1956 United States presidential election, which was held throughout all contemporary 48 states. Voters chose four representatives, or electors to the Electoral College, who voted for president and vice president.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 57], "section_span": [57, 57], "content_span": [58, 379]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074235-0001-0000", "contents": "1956 United States presidential election in New Hampshire\nNew Hampshire was won by the Republican nominees, incumbent President Dwight D. Eisenhower of Pennsylvania and his running mate incumbent Vice President Richard Nixon of California. Eisenhower and Nixon defeated the Democratic nominees, former Governor Adlai Stevenson of Illinois and his running mate Senator Estes Kefauver of Tennessee.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 57], "section_span": [57, 57], "content_span": [58, 396]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074235-0002-0000", "contents": "1956 United States presidential election in New Hampshire\nEisenhower took 66.11% of the vote to Stevenson's 33.84%, a margin of 32.27%.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 57], "section_span": [57, 57], "content_span": [58, 135]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074235-0003-0000", "contents": "1956 United States presidential election in New Hampshire\nEisenhower, a war hero and moderate Republican who had pledged to maintain popular New Deal Democratic policies, had wide appeal beyond the boundaries of the traditional Republican coalition. New Hampshire had been narrowly carried by Democrat Franklin Roosevelt 3 out of 4 times, although the state narrowly reverted to the GOP in 1948. However Eisenhower's unique personal appeal brought the state decisively back into the Republican column in both 1952 and 1956,", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 57], "section_span": [57, 57], "content_span": [58, 523]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074235-0004-0000", "contents": "1956 United States presidential election in New Hampshire\nEisenhower in 1956 swept every county in New Hampshire, the first Republican to do so since Calvin Coolidge in 1924.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 57], "section_span": [57, 57], "content_span": [58, 174]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074235-0005-0000", "contents": "1956 United States presidential election in New Hampshire\nSince Franklin Roosevelt won them in 1932, the counties of Hillsborough County, Strafford County, and Coos County had become reliable New Deal Democratic base counties, voting for Roosevelt all four times as well as for Harry S. Truman. Eisenhower had won back Strafford County and Coos County for the GOP in 1952, however he had lost Hillsborough County, home to Manchester and Nashua, which had been a reliable Democratic bastion since voting for Democrat Al Smith in 1928. However, in 1956, Eisenhower won a majority even in Hillsborough County.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 57], "section_span": [57, 57], "content_span": [58, 606]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074235-0006-0000", "contents": "1956 United States presidential election in New Hampshire\nCarroll County had long been the most Republican county in New Hampshire, voting 60% against FDR all four times and over 70% for Thomas E. Dewey in 1948. Eisenhower would receive over 80% of vote in the county in both 1952 and 1956.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 57], "section_span": [57, 57], "content_span": [58, 290]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074235-0007-0000", "contents": "1956 United States presidential election in New Hampshire\nAs Eisenhower won a decisive re-election victory nationally, New Hampshire's results would make the state almost 17% more Republican than the national average, the third most Republican state in the nation behind its Upper New England neighbors Vermont and Maine, a substantial jump from being only the twelfth most Republican state in 1952. The popular incumbent had governed in a very moderate way that appealed to New England voters, and was able to gain dramatically among voters in states like New Hampshire compared to 1952.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 57], "section_span": [57, 57], "content_span": [58, 588]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074236-0000-0000", "contents": "1956 United States presidential election in New Jersey\nThe 1956 United States presidential election in New Jersey took place on November 6, 1956. All contemporary 48 states were part of the 1956 United States presidential election. Voters chose 16 electors to the Electoral College, which selected the president and vice president.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 54], "section_span": [54, 54], "content_span": [55, 331]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074236-0001-0000", "contents": "1956 United States presidential election in New Jersey\nNew Jersey was won overwhelmingly by the Republican nominees, incumbent President Dwight D. Eisenhower of Pennsylvania and his running mate incumbent Vice President Richard Nixon of California. Eisenhower and Nixon defeated the Democratic nominees, former Governor Adlai Stevenson of Illinois and his running mate Senator Estes Kefauver of Tennessee.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 54], "section_span": [54, 54], "content_span": [55, 405]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074236-0002-0000", "contents": "1956 United States presidential election in New Jersey\nEisenhower carried New Jersey in a landslide with 64.68% of the vote to Stevenson\u2019s 34.23%, a margin of 30.46%.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 54], "section_span": [54, 54], "content_span": [55, 166]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074236-0003-0000", "contents": "1956 United States presidential election in New Jersey\nEisenhower\u2019s decisive 1956 landslide represented a dramatic swing in the state in his favor. In his initial 1952 match against Stevenson, Eisenhower had also comfortably won New Jersey, but by a smaller margin, taking 56.81% of the vote to Stevenson\u2019s 41.99%, a margin of 14.83%. Eisenhower\u2019s 30.46% margin of victory in 1956 was thus more than double the margin by which he had won the state in 1952, marking a swing of over 15 points in Eisenhower's favor.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 54], "section_span": [54, 54], "content_span": [55, 513]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074236-0004-0000", "contents": "1956 United States presidential election in New Jersey\nEisenhower's landslide gains in the state were also evident on the county map. Whereas in 1952, Eisenhower had lost 3 counties to Stevenson, in 1956 Eisenhower decisively swept all 21 counties in the state of New Jersey, breaking 60% of the vote in all but 3, breaking 70% in 7, and even breaking 80% in rural Sussex County. In urban, Democratic-leaning Hudson County, which Stevenson had narrowly won with a plurality in 1952, Eisenhower won decisively with over 60% of the vote in 1956. Eisenhower also picked up victories in Mercer County and Camden County, both of which had given majorities to Stevenson in 1952. He was only the second presidential nominee to sweep all New Jersey\u2019s counties after Warren G. Harding in 1920.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 54], "section_span": [54, 54], "content_span": [55, 784]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074236-0005-0000", "contents": "1956 United States presidential election in New Jersey\nEisenhower had first won election to the White House in 1952 as a war hero, a political outsider, and a moderate Republican who pledged to protect and support popular New Deal Democratic policies, finally ending 20 years of Democratic control of the White House. Once in office, Eisenhower governed as a moderate progressive, approving infrastructure spending projects like the Interstate Highway System and supporting high tax rates on the rich, as well as taking a progressive stand on issues related to the Civil Rights Movement. Thus Eisenhower was able to win over many more normally Democratic-leaning liberal and moderate voters in the Northeast than he already had in 1952, and thus every Northeastern state swung in his favor in 1956, including New Jersey.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 54], "section_span": [54, 54], "content_span": [55, 820]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074236-0006-0000", "contents": "1956 United States presidential election in New Jersey\nNew Jersey in this era was usually a swing state with a slight Republican lean. However, Eisenhower\u2019s overwhelming personal popularity in the Northeast in 1956 led him to perform unusually strongly in New Jersey. The state usually voted very similarly to the nation as a whole, with a slight Republican tilt, as in 1952 when its results had been just 4% more Republican than the national average. Nevertheless, in 1956 the state swung especially hard in Eisenhower\u2019s favor.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 54], "section_span": [54, 54], "content_span": [55, 528]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074236-0006-0001", "contents": "1956 United States presidential election in New Jersey\nEven as Eisenhower won a slightly more convincing victory nationwide than he had in 1952, New Jersey swung much more than the nation, and its result in the 1956 election made the state more than 15% more Republican than the national average, making it the sixth most Republican state in the union.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 54], "section_span": [54, 54], "content_span": [55, 352]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074237-0000-0000", "contents": "1956 United States presidential election in New Mexico\nThe 1956 United States presidential election in New Mexico took place on November 6, 1956. All 48 states were part of the 1956 United States presidential election. State voters chose four electors to represent them in the Electoral College, which voted for President and Vice President.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 54], "section_span": [54, 54], "content_span": [55, 341]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074237-0001-0000", "contents": "1956 United States presidential election in New Mexico\nNew Mexico was won by incumbent President Dwight D. Eisenhower by a 16-point landslide. Running against Eisenhower was former Governor of Illinois Adlai Stevenson, whom Eisenhower had earlier defeated for the Presidency in 1952. This election reflected one of the last election cycles where the Democratic Party still had their post Civil War political domination of the Deep South. This was also the last United States presidential election when either major party nominee was born in the nineteenth century.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 54], "section_span": [54, 54], "content_span": [55, 564]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074237-0002-0000", "contents": "1956 United States presidential election in New Mexico\nAs of the 2020 presidential election, this is the last election in which Rio Arriba County and San Miguel County voted for a Republican presidential candidate.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 54], "section_span": [54, 54], "content_span": [55, 214]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074238-0000-0000", "contents": "1956 United States presidential election in New York\nThe 1956 United States presidential election in New York took place on November 6, 1956. All contemporary 48 states were part of the 1956 United States presidential election. Voters chose 45 electors to the Electoral College, which selected the president and vice president.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 52], "section_span": [52, 52], "content_span": [53, 327]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074238-0001-0000", "contents": "1956 United States presidential election in New York\nNew York was won by incumbent Republican President Dwight D. Eisenhower, who was running against former Democratic Governor of Illinois Adlai Stevenson. Eisenhower ran with incumbent Vice President Richard Nixon, and Stevenson ran with Tennessee Senator, and principal opponent during the 1956 Democratic Primaries, Estes Kefauver.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 52], "section_span": [52, 52], "content_span": [53, 384]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074238-0002-0000", "contents": "1956 United States presidential election in New York\nEisenhower received 61.24% of the vote to Stevenson's 38.73%, a margin of 22.51%. Eisenhower won 4.3 million votes, the most ever received by a Republican presidential candidate in the state's history.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 52], "section_span": [52, 52], "content_span": [53, 254]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074238-0003-0000", "contents": "1956 United States presidential election in New York\nNew York weighed in for this election as eight percentage points more Republican than the national average. This election was very much of a re-match from the previous presidential election 4 years earlier, which featured the same major candidates except for John Sparkman being replaced as Stevenson\u2019s running mate by Kefauver.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 52], "section_span": [52, 52], "content_span": [53, 381]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074238-0004-0000", "contents": "1956 United States presidential election in New York\nThe presidential election of 1956 was a very partisan election for New York, with 99.8% of the electorate voting for either the Democratic Party or the Republican Party. The widely popular Eisenhower took every county in the State of New York outside of New York City, dominating upstate by landslide margins and also sweeping suburban areas around NYC. Stevenson narrowly won New York City overall by carrying the boroughs of Manhattan, Brooklyn, and the Bronx, while Eisenhower won Queens and Staten Island.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 52], "section_span": [52, 52], "content_span": [53, 562]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074238-0005-0000", "contents": "1956 United States presidential election in New York\nEisenhower won the election in New York by a 22-point landslide. The presidential election of 1956 is one of the final elections in American politics featuring a Democratic stronghold in the former slave states. This was also one of the first elections in New York (and nationally) where most campaign finance went to television ads. Stevenson campaigned on a platform of expansion of government social programs founded under former President Franklin D. Roosevelt, scaling back the Cold War with the Soviet Union, and ending the U.S. draft, seeking an 'all volunteer armed forces.' While Stevenson's policies were largely popular with many people living in the United States at the time, Eisenhower's post World War II star-power and strong stance against peace-talks with the Soviet Union, won him a landslide victory across the United States, including in New York.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 52], "section_span": [52, 52], "content_span": [53, 921]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074238-0006-0000", "contents": "1956 United States presidential election in New York\nEisenhower had first won election to the White House in 1952 as a war hero, a political outsider, and a moderate Republican who pledged to protect and support popular New Deal Democratic policies, finally ending 20 years of Democratic control of the White House. Once in office, Eisenhower governed as a moderate progressive, approving infrastructure spending projects like the Interstate Highway System and supporting high tax rates on the rich, as well as taking a progressive stand on issues related to the Civil Rights Movement. Thus Eisenhower was able to win over many more normally Democratic-leaning liberal and moderate voters in the Northeast than he already had in 1952, and thus every Northeastern state swung in his favor in 1956, including New York.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 52], "section_span": [52, 52], "content_span": [53, 816]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074238-0007-0000", "contents": "1956 United States presidential election in New York\n1956 was the last election in which a Republican presidential candidate took more than sixty percent of the vote in New York State and won the state by more than twenty points against his Democratic opponent, as well as the last election in which New York State was more Republican than the national average.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 52], "section_span": [52, 52], "content_span": [53, 361]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074239-0000-0000", "contents": "1956 United States presidential election in North Carolina\nThe 1956 United States presidential election in North Carolina took place on November 6, 1956, as part of the 1956 United States presidential election. North Carolina voters chose 14 representatives, or electors, to the Electoral College, who voted for president and vice president.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 58], "section_span": [58, 58], "content_span": [59, 341]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074239-0001-0000", "contents": "1956 United States presidential election in North Carolina\nNorth Carolina was carried by Democratic nominee Adlai Stevenson of Illinois, with 50.66 percent of the popular vote, over incumbent Republican President Dwight D. Eisenhower. This would be the last time until 1992 that North Carolina would not vote for the winning candidate in a presidential election, and is also the most recent election in which it supported a losing Democratic candidate.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 58], "section_span": [58, 58], "content_span": [59, 452]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074240-0000-0000", "contents": "1956 United States presidential election in North Dakota\nThe 1956 United States presidential election in North Dakota took place on November 6, 1956, as part of the 1956 United States presidential election. Voters chose four representatives, or electors, to the Electoral College, who voted for president and vice president.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 56], "section_span": [56, 56], "content_span": [57, 324]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074240-0001-0000", "contents": "1956 United States presidential election in North Dakota\nNorth Dakota was won by incumbent President Dwight D. Eisenhower (R\u2013Pennsylvania), running with Vice President Richard Nixon, with 61.72% of the popular vote, against Adlai Stevenson (D\u2013Illinois), running with Tennessee Senator Estes Kefauver, with 38.09% of the popular vote.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 56], "section_span": [56, 56], "content_span": [57, 333]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074241-0000-0000", "contents": "1956 United States presidential election in Ohio\nThe 1956 United States presidential election in Ohio took place on November 6, 1956 throughout all 48 states, which was part of the 1956 United States presidential election. Voters chose 25 representatives, or electors to the Electoral College, who voted for President and Vice President.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 48], "section_span": [48, 48], "content_span": [49, 337]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074241-0001-0000", "contents": "1956 United States presidential election in Ohio\nOhio was won by the Republican Party candidate, incumbent President Dwight D. Eisenhower. He won all counties except for Pike County.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 48], "section_span": [48, 48], "content_span": [49, 182]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074242-0000-0000", "contents": "1956 United States presidential election in Oklahoma\nThe 1956 United States presidential election in Oklahoma took place on November 6, 1956, as part of the 1956 United States presidential election. Voters chose eight representatives, or electors, to the Electoral College, who voted for president and vice president.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 52], "section_span": [52, 52], "content_span": [53, 317]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074242-0001-0000", "contents": "1956 United States presidential election in Oklahoma\nOklahoma was won by incumbent President Dwight D. Eisenhower (R\u2013Pennsylvania), running with Vice President Richard Nixon, with 55.13 percent of the popular vote, against Adlai Stevenson (D\u2013Illinois), running with Senator Estes Kefauver, with 44.87 percent of the popular vote.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 52], "section_span": [52, 52], "content_span": [53, 329]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074243-0000-0000", "contents": "1956 United States presidential election in Oregon\nThe 1956 United States presidential election in Oregon took place on November 6, 1956, as part of the 1956 United States presidential election. Voters chose six representatives, or electors, to the Electoral College, who voted for president and vice president.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 50], "section_span": [50, 50], "content_span": [51, 311]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074243-0001-0000", "contents": "1956 United States presidential election in Oregon\nOregon was won by incumbent President Dwight D. Eisenhower (R\u2013Pennsylvania), running with Vice President Richard Nixon, with 55.25% of the popular vote, against Adlai Stevenson (D\u2013Illinois), running with Senator Estes Kefauver, with 44.75% of the popular vote. As of the 2020 presidential election, this is the last election in which Clatsop County voted for a Republican Presidential candidate.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 50], "section_span": [50, 50], "content_span": [51, 446]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074244-0000-0000", "contents": "1956 United States presidential election in Pennsylvania\nThe 1956 United States presidential election in Pennsylvania took place on November 6, 1956 as part of the 1956 United States presidential election. Voters chose 32 representatives, or electors to the Electoral College, who voted for president and vice president.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 56], "section_span": [56, 56], "content_span": [57, 320]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074244-0001-0000", "contents": "1956 United States presidential election in Pennsylvania\nPennsylvania strongly voted for the Republican nominee, President Dwight D. Eisenhower, over the Democratic nominee, former Illinois Governor Adlai Stevenson. Pennsylvania was the home state of President Eisenhower, as he moved to the Gettysburg area after World War II. Eisenhower won Pennsylvania by a solid 13.19% margin, and carried every county except Philadelphia and four heavily unionized coal counties in the southwestern \"Black Country\". This result nonetheless made Pennsylvania slightly more Democratic than the nation at large.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 56], "section_span": [56, 56], "content_span": [57, 597]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074245-0000-0000", "contents": "1956 United States presidential election in Rhode Island\nThe 1956 United States presidential election in Rhode Island took place on November 6, 1956, as part of the 1956 United States presidential election which was held throughout all contemporary 48 states. Voters chose four representatives, or electors to the Electoral College, who voted for president and vice president.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 56], "section_span": [56, 56], "content_span": [57, 376]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074245-0001-0000", "contents": "1956 United States presidential election in Rhode Island\nRhode Island voted for the Republican nominee, incumbent President Dwight D. Eisenhower of Pennsylvania, over the Democratic nominee, former Governor Adlai Stevenson of Illinois. Eisenhower ran with incumbent Vice President Richard Nixon of California, while Stevenson's running mate was Senator Estes Kefauver of Tennessee.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 56], "section_span": [56, 56], "content_span": [57, 381]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074245-0002-0000", "contents": "1956 United States presidential election in Rhode Island\nEisenhower won Rhode Island by a margin of  16.53%. This is also the most recent presidential election when Rhode Island would vote more Republican than the nation as a whole. Eisenhower's 225,819 votes is the most received by a Republican presidential candidate in the state's history.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 56], "section_span": [56, 56], "content_span": [57, 343]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074245-0003-0000", "contents": "1956 United States presidential election in Rhode Island\nAs of 2020, this was the last election in which a Republican presidential candidate won the cities of Central Falls and Pawtucket.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 56], "section_span": [56, 56], "content_span": [57, 187]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074246-0000-0000", "contents": "1956 United States presidential election in South Carolina\nThe 1956 United States presidential election in South Carolina took place on November 6, 1956, as part of the 1956 United States presidential election. South Carolina voters chose 8 representatives, or electors, to the Electoral College, who voted for president and vice president.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 58], "section_span": [58, 58], "content_span": [59, 340]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074246-0001-0000", "contents": "1956 United States presidential election in South Carolina, Background\nFor six decades up to 1950 South Carolina had been a one-party state dominated by the Democratic Party. The Republican Party had been moribund due to the disfranchisement of blacks and the complete absence of other support bases as the Palmetto State completely lacked upland or German refugee whites opposed to secession. Between 1900 and 1948, no Republican presidential candidate ever obtained more than seven percent of the total presidential vote \u2013 a vote which in 1924 reached as low as 6.6 percent of the total voting-age population (or approximately 15 percent of the voting-age white population).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 58], "section_span": [60, 70], "content_span": [71, 676]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074246-0002-0000", "contents": "1956 United States presidential election in South Carolina, Background\nThis absolute loyalty began to break down during World War II when Vice-Presidents Henry A. Wallace and Harry Truman began to realize that a legacy of discrimination against blacks was a threat to the United States' image abroad and its ability to win the Cold War against the radically egalitarian rhetoric of Communism.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 58], "section_span": [60, 70], "content_span": [71, 392]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074246-0002-0001", "contents": "1956 United States presidential election in South Carolina, Background\nIn the 1948 presidential election, Truman was backed by only 24 percent of South Carolina's limited electorate \u2013 most of that from the relatively few upcountry poor whites able to meet rigorous voting requirements \u2013 and state Governor Strom Thurmond won 71 percent, carrying every county except Anderson and Spartanburg. Despite Truman announcing as early as May 1950 that he would not run again for President in 1952, it had already become clear that South Carolina's rulers remained severely disenchanted with the national Democratic Party.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 58], "section_span": [60, 70], "content_span": [71, 613]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074246-0002-0002", "contents": "1956 United States presidential election in South Carolina, Background\nBoth Thurmond and former Governor James F. Byrnes would endorse national Republican nominee Dwight D. Eisenhower \u2013 who ran under an independent label in South Carolina \u2013 and Democratic nominee Adlai Stevenson II only won narrowly due to two- and three-to-one majorities in the poor white counties that had given substantial opposition to Thurmond in 1948.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 58], "section_span": [60, 70], "content_span": [71, 426]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074246-0003-0000", "contents": "1956 United States presidential election in South Carolina, Background\nDuring the first Eisenhower term, South Carolina\u2019s whites who had supported him became extremely critical because Eisenhower was blamed for Brown v. Board of Education, whose requirement of desegregating the state\u2019s schools was intolerable. Consequently, state leaders like Thurmond argued that the GOP could not be a useful tool for opposing civil rights, and most of the state\u2019s Democrats endorsed Stevenson for his rematch with Eisenhower. Byrnes, however, obtained 35,000 petitions for an alternative slate of unpledged Democratic electors, which he naturally endorsed when ballot access was obtained for that slate.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 58], "section_span": [60, 70], "content_span": [71, 691]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074246-0004-0000", "contents": "1956 United States presidential election in South Carolina, Vote\nIn mid-October, the consensus among pollsters was that the state\u2019s vote would be sharply split between the three slates, although polls just before election day suggested that Stevenson was likely to carry the state. Ultimately South Carolina was won by Adlai Stevenson (D\u2013Illinois), running with Tennessee Senator Estes Kefauver by a more decisive margin than polls predicted.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 58], "section_span": [60, 64], "content_span": [65, 442]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074246-0004-0001", "contents": "1956 United States presidential election in South Carolina, Vote\nStevenson gained 45.37 percent of the popular vote thanks to his continued dominance of the upcountry, whilst Eisenhower and the unpledged slate divided the lowcountry vote, with the unpledged slate finishing second with 29.45 percent and Eisenhower \u2013 this time running under the \u201cRepublican\u201d banner \u2013 with 25.18 percent Wealthier whites left Eisenhower for the unpledged slate in large numbers, but unlike in 1952 when the small number of black voters strongly supported Stevenson, Eisenhower gained substantial, even majority, support from blacks able to vote in Charleston and Columbia.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 58], "section_span": [60, 64], "content_span": [65, 654]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074246-0005-0000", "contents": "1956 United States presidential election in South Carolina, Vote\nThe 1956 election in South Carolina marks the second of only three times in the 20th century that an incumbent president has finished third in any state. As of the 2020 presidential election, this is the last election in which the Republican nominee won the presidential election without carrying South Carolina, and the last time that Greenville County voted for a Democratic presidential candidate. It is also the last time that Lexington County was not carried by the Republican candidate.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 58], "section_span": [60, 64], "content_span": [65, 557]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074247-0000-0000", "contents": "1956 United States presidential election in South Dakota\nThe 1956 United States presidential election in South Dakota took place on November 6, 1956, as part of the 1956 United States presidential election. Voters chose four representatives, or electors, to the Electoral College, who voted for president and vice president.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 56], "section_span": [56, 56], "content_span": [57, 324]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074247-0001-0000", "contents": "1956 United States presidential election in South Dakota\nSouth Dakota was won by incumbent President Dwight D. Eisenhower (R\u2013Pennsylvania), running with Vice President Richard Nixon, with 58.39 percent of the popular vote, against Adlai Stevenson (D\u2013Illinois), running with Tennessee Senator Estes Kefauver, with 41.61% of the popular vote.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 56], "section_span": [56, 56], "content_span": [57, 340]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074248-0000-0000", "contents": "1956 United States presidential election in Tennessee\nThe 1956 United States presidential election in Tennessee took place on November 6, 1956, as part of the 1956 United States presidential election. Tennessee voters chose 11 representatives, or electors, to the Electoral College, who voted for president and vice president.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 53], "section_span": [53, 53], "content_span": [54, 326]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074248-0001-0000", "contents": "1956 United States presidential election in Tennessee\nTennessee was won by incumbent President Dwight D. Eisenhower (R\u2013Pennsylvania), running with Vice President Richard Nixon, with 49.21% of the popular vote, against Adlai Stevenson (D\u2013Illinois), running with Senator Estes Kefauver, with 48.60% of the popular vote.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 53], "section_span": [53, 53], "content_span": [54, 317]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074249-0000-0000", "contents": "1956 United States presidential election in Texas\nThe 1956 United States presidential election in Texas took place on November 6, 1956, as part of the 1956 United States presidential election. Incumbent President Eisenhower won his birth state of Texas with 55% of the vote, giving him 24 electoral votes. Eisenhower would also become the first Republican to carry Texas twice, having won the state in 1952 as well.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 49], "section_span": [49, 49], "content_span": [50, 415]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074250-0000-0000", "contents": "1956 United States presidential election in Utah\nThe 1956 United States presidential election in Utah took place on November 6, 1956, as part of the 1956 United States presidential election. State voters chose four representatives, or electors, to the Electoral College, who voted for president and vice president.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 48], "section_span": [48, 48], "content_span": [49, 314]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074250-0001-0000", "contents": "1956 United States presidential election in Utah\nUtah was won by incumbent President Dwight D. Eisenhower (R\u2013Pennsylvania), running with Vice President Richard Nixon, with 64.56 percent of the popular vote, against Adlai Stevenson (D\u2013Illinois), running with Senator Estes Kefauver, with 35.44 percent of the popular vote.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 48], "section_span": [48, 48], "content_span": [49, 321]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074251-0000-0000", "contents": "1956 United States presidential election in Vermont\nThe 1956 United States presidential election in Vermont took place on November 6, 1956, as part of the 1956 United States presidential election which was held throughout all contemporary 48 states. Voters chose three representatives, or electors to the Electoral College, who voted for president and vice president.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 51], "section_span": [51, 51], "content_span": [52, 367]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074251-0001-0000", "contents": "1956 United States presidential election in Vermont\nVermont voted overwhelmingly for the Republican nominee, incumbent President Dwight D. Eisenhower of Pennsylvania, over the Democratic nominee, former Illinois Governor Adlai Stevenson. Eisenhower ran with incumbent Vice President Richard Nixon of California, while Stevenson's running mate was Senator Estes Kefauver of Tennessee.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 51], "section_span": [51, 51], "content_span": [52, 383]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074251-0002-0000", "contents": "1956 United States presidential election in Vermont\nEisenhower took a landslide 72.16% of the vote to Stevenson's 27.81%, a victory margin of 44.35%. This was the most lopsided statewide win of the election.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 51], "section_span": [51, 51], "content_span": [52, 207]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074251-0003-0000", "contents": "1956 United States presidential election in Vermont\nVermont historically was a bastion of liberal Northeastern Republicanism, and by 1956 the Green Mountain State had gone Republican in every presidential election since the founding of the Republican Party. From 1856 to 1952, Vermont had had the longest streak of voting Republican of any state, having never voted Democratic before, and this tradition easily continued in 1956 with Eisenhower's landslide win.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 51], "section_span": [51, 51], "content_span": [52, 461]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074251-0004-0000", "contents": "1956 United States presidential election in Vermont\nEisenhower, a war hero and moderate Republican who had pledged to reform and maintain popular New Deal Democratic policies, had wide appeal beyond the boundaries of the traditional Republican coalition. While Vermont had been one of the only two states (the other being Maine) in the nation to vote against Franklin Roosevelt all 4 times, the GOP margins in the state had narrowed substantially in the 1930s and 1940s, particularly due to the strong Democratic presence in the northwestern part of the state.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 51], "section_span": [51, 51], "content_span": [52, 560]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074251-0004-0001", "contents": "1956 United States presidential election in Vermont\nHowever Eisenhower's unique personal appeal brought even that region back into the GOP coalition, and allowed him to break 70% in the state in both 1952 and 1956 (where Eisenhower had performed better than he did in 1952), the first Republican to do so since Calvin Coolidge in 1924, and the last Republican to date.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 51], "section_span": [51, 51], "content_span": [52, 368]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074251-0005-0000", "contents": "1956 United States presidential election in Vermont\nEisenhower swept every county in Vermont, breaking 70% in 11 of the 14 counties. The three northwestern counties of Vermont had long been Democratic enclaves in an otherwise Republican state through the 1930s and 1940s, but Eisenhower won them back for the GOP in both 1952 and 1956, in the latter case even breaking 60% in Grand Isle County. The region still remained the most Democratic in the state, as Eisenhower received less than 60% of the vote in Chittenden County and Franklin County, while every county outside the northwest broke seventy percent for Eisenhower.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 51], "section_span": [51, 51], "content_span": [52, 624]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074251-0005-0001", "contents": "1956 United States presidential election in Vermont\nIn three counties Eisenhower even broke eighty percent of the vote. No Republican presidential candidate since has surpassed Eisenhower's 72.16% vote share or his 44.35% margin of victory, as by the late 1950s cracks were already beginning to form in the Republican stranglehold on Vermont, and the GOP shifted toward an increasingly Southern and conservative party beginning in the 1960s.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 51], "section_span": [51, 51], "content_span": [52, 441]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074251-0006-0000", "contents": "1956 United States presidential election in Vermont\nEven as Eisenhower won a decisive re-election landslide nationally, Vermont weighed in as a whopping 29% more Republican than the national average, making Vermont the most Republican state in the union in the 1956 election. While Vermont had been the most Republican state in the nation in many elections prior to 1956, this would prove the last election when the Green Mountain State would hold that title.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 51], "section_span": [51, 51], "content_span": [52, 459]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074251-0007-0000", "contents": "1956 United States presidential election in Vermont\nThis would be the last time Vermont was the strongest state for either party until 64 years later, in 2020, when it was Democratic candidate Joe Biden's strongest state, demonstrating the completion of Vermont's trend towards the Democrats.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 51], "section_span": [51, 51], "content_span": [52, 292]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074252-0000-0000", "contents": "1956 United States presidential election in Virginia\nThe 1956 United States presidential election in Virginia took place on November 6, 1956. Voters chose 12 representatives, or electors to the Electoral College, who voted for president and vice president.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 52], "section_span": [52, 52], "content_span": [53, 256]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074252-0001-0000", "contents": "1956 United States presidential election in Virginia\nVirginia voted for the Republican nominee, incumbent President Dwight Eisenhower, over the Democratic nominee, former Illinois Governor Adlai Stevenson and former Commissioner of Internal Revenue T. Coleman Andrews, who received the nomination of the States' Rights Party. Andrews had his strongest showing in his home state of Virginia. Eisenhower ultimately won the national election with 57.37% of the vote.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 52], "section_span": [52, 52], "content_span": [53, 463]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074252-0002-0000", "contents": "1956 United States presidential election in Virginia\nAs of the 2020 presidential election, this is the last election when majority-black Charles City County has voted for a Republican presidential candidate.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 52], "section_span": [52, 52], "content_span": [53, 207]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074253-0000-0000", "contents": "1956 United States presidential election in Washington (state)\nThe 1956 United States presidential election in Washington took place on November 6, 1956, as part of the 1956 United States presidential election. Voters chose nine representatives, or electors, to the Electoral College, who voted for president and vice president.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 62], "section_span": [62, 62], "content_span": [63, 328]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074253-0001-0000", "contents": "1956 United States presidential election in Washington (state)\nWashington was won by incumbent President Dwight D. Eisenhower (R\u2013Pennsylvania), running with Vice President Richard Nixon, with 53.91% of the popular vote, against Adlai Stevenson (D\u2013Illinois), running with Senator Estes Kefauver, with 45.44% of the popular vote.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 62], "section_span": [62, 62], "content_span": [63, 327]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074254-0000-0000", "contents": "1956 United States presidential election in West Virginia\nThe 1956 United States presidential election in West Virginia took place on November 6, 1956, as part of the 1956 United States presidential election. West Virginia voters chose eight representatives, or electors, to the Electoral College, who voted for president and vice president.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 57], "section_span": [57, 57], "content_span": [58, 341]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074254-0001-0000", "contents": "1956 United States presidential election in West Virginia\nWest Virginia was won by incumbent President Dwight D. Eisenhower (R\u2013Pennsylvania), running with Vice President Richard Nixon, with 54.08% of the popular vote, against Adlai Stevenson (D\u2013Illinois), running with Senator Estes Kefauver, with 45.92% of the popular vote. Along with Kentucky and Louisiana, West Virginia was one of 3 states that Dwight Eisenhower lost in 1952, but managed to flip in 1956.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 57], "section_span": [57, 57], "content_span": [58, 460]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074254-0002-0000", "contents": "1956 United States presidential election in West Virginia\nThis is the only time between the Republican landslides of 1928 and 1972 that a Republican won West Virginia, and only one of three times between 1932 and 1996 that a Republican did so (the others being the aforementioned 1972 as well as 1984)", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 57], "section_span": [57, 57], "content_span": [58, 301]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074255-0000-0000", "contents": "1956 United States presidential election in Wisconsin\nThe 1956 United States presidential election in Wisconsin was held on November 6, 1956 as part of the 1956 United States presidential election. State voters chose 12 electors to the Electoral College, who voted for president and vice president.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 53], "section_span": [53, 53], "content_span": [54, 298]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074255-0001-0000", "contents": "1956 United States presidential election in Wisconsin, Background\nPolitics in Wisconsin since the Populist movement had been dominated by the Republican Party. The Democratic Party became uncompetitive away from the Laue Michigan coast as the upper classes, along with the majority of workers who followed them, fled from William Jennings Bryan's agrarian and free silver sympathies. Although the state did develop a strong Socialist Party to provide opposition to the GOP, Wisconsin developed the direct Republican primary in 1903 and this ultimately created competition between the \"League\" under Robert M. La Follette, and the conservative \"Regular\" faction. This ultimately would develop into the Wisconsin Progressive Party in the late 1930s, which was opposed to the conservative German Democrats and to the national Republican Party, and allied with Franklin D. Roosevelt at the federal level.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 53], "section_span": [55, 65], "content_span": [66, 900]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074255-0002-0000", "contents": "1956 United States presidential election in Wisconsin, Background\nDuring the two wartime elections, the formerly Democratic German counties in the east of the state \u2013 which had been powerfully opposed to the Civil War because they saw it as a \"Yankee\" war and opposed the military draft instituted during it \u2013 viewed Communism as a much greater threat to America than Nazism and consequently opposed President Roosevelt's war effort. Consequently, these historically Democratic counties became virtually the most Republican in the entire state, and became a major support base for populist conservative Senator Joe McCarthy, who became notorious for his investigations into Communists inside the American government. The state's populace's opposition to Communism and the Korean War turned Wisconsin strongly to Republican nominee Dwight D. Eisenhower in the 1952 presidential election.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 53], "section_span": [55, 65], "content_span": [66, 886]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074255-0003-0000", "contents": "1956 United States presidential election in Wisconsin, Background\nFor the 1956 rematch, Democratic nominee Adlai Stevenson II began by campaigning against Eisenhower's handling of farm problems, at a time when most of the interior United States was suffering from a severe drought. The Democrat would then attack Eisenhower as a \"weak\" President when the two were touring the Midwest during September.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 53], "section_span": [55, 65], "content_span": [66, 401]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074255-0004-0000", "contents": "1956 United States presidential election in Wisconsin, Vote\nEarly polls showed Eisenhower leading the state despite farm unrest, owing to the unpopularity of Stevenson. No later poll was taken, but evidence was that state's farmers were not trending to Stevenson at all, and that the Suez Crisis would hurt rather than help Stevenson.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 53], "section_span": [55, 59], "content_span": [60, 334]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074255-0005-0000", "contents": "1956 United States presidential election in Wisconsin, Vote\nAs it turned out, Eisenhower slightly improved upon his 1952 margin in Wisconsin: although he did lose some support in the farming areas, he gained upon his 1952 vote in Wisconsin's cities due to increased Catholic support, and carried all but two northern counties. As of 2020, this remains the last time a Republican has carried Wisconsin by double digits, as the state would trend Democratic beginning with the 1958 midterm elections, although Democrats have subsequently won Wisconsin by double digits just three times \u2013 Lyndon B. Johnson in 1964, Bill Clinton in 1996 and Barack Obama in 2008. This is also the last election as of 2020 in which Portage County, Ashland County, Milwaukee County, and Dane County voted for a Republican presidential candidate.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 53], "section_span": [55, 59], "content_span": [60, 822]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074256-0000-0000", "contents": "1956 United States presidential election in Wyoming\nThe 1956 United States presidential election in Wyoming took place on November 6, 1956, as part of the 1956 United States presidential election. State voters chose three representatives, or electors, to the Electoral College, who voted for president and vice president.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 51], "section_span": [51, 51], "content_span": [52, 321]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074256-0001-0000", "contents": "1956 United States presidential election in Wyoming\nWyoming was won by incumbent President Dwight D. Eisenhower (R\u2013Pennsylvania), running with Vice President Richard Nixon, with 60.08 percent of the popular vote, against Adlai Stevenson (D\u2013Illinois), running with Senator Estes Kefauver, with 39.92 percent of the popular vote.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 51], "section_span": [51, 51], "content_span": [52, 327]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074257-0000-0000", "contents": "1956 Uruguayan Primera Divisi\u00f3n, Overview\nIt was contested by 10 teams, and Nacional won the championship.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 41], "content_span": [42, 106]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074258-0000-0000", "contents": "1956 Utah Redskins football team\nThe 1956 Utah Redskins football team represented the University of Utah during the 1956 NCAA University Division football season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [32, 32], "content_span": [33, 162]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074259-0000-0000", "contents": "1956 Utah State Aggies football team\nThe 1956 Utah State Aggies football team was an American football team that represented Utah State University in the Skyline Conference during the 1956 NCAA University Division football season. In their second season under head coach Ev Faunce, the Aggies compiled a 6\u20134 record (4\u20133 against Skyline opponents), tied for third place in the Skyline Conference, and outscored opponents by a total of 221 to 199.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [36, 36], "content_span": [37, 445]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074260-0000-0000", "contents": "1956 Utah gubernatorial election\nThe 1956 Utah gubernatorial election was held on November 6, 1956. Republican nominee George Dewey Clyde defeated Democratic nominee L.C. \"Rennie\" Romney with 38.20% of the vote.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [32, 32], "content_span": [33, 211]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074261-0000-0000", "contents": "1956 VFA season\nThe 1956 Victorian Football Association season was the 75th season of the Australian rules football competition. The premiership was won by the Williamstown Football Club, after it defeated Port Melbourne in the Grand Final on 29 September by twenty-four points. It was Williamstown's eighth premiership, its third in a row (all won against Port Melbourne), and the third of five premierships won in six seasons from 1954 until 1959.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 15], "section_span": [15, 15], "content_span": [16, 449]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074261-0001-0000", "contents": "1956 VFA season, Premiership\nThe home-and-home season was played over twenty matches, before the top four clubs contested a finals series under the Page\u2013McIntyre system to determine the premiers for the season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 15], "section_span": [17, 28], "content_span": [29, 210]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074261-0002-0000", "contents": "1956 VFA season, Notable events, Perth Carnival\nThe Association competed in the 1956 Perth Carnival, and finished in last place with a record of 0\u20134. Port Melbourne's Frank Johnson captained the Association team, and Northcote's Bill Faul served as coach. Johnson was named as captain of the All-Australian team; no other Association players were named in the team.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 15], "section_span": [17, 47], "content_span": [48, 365]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074262-0000-0000", "contents": "1956 VFL Grand Final\nThe 1956 VFL Grand Final was an Australian rules football game contested between the Melbourne Football Club and Collingwood Football Club, held at the Melbourne Cricket Ground on 15 September 1956. It was the 60th annual Grand Final of the Victorian Football League, staged to determine the premiers for the 1956 VFL season. The match was won by Melbourne by 73 points, marking that club's eighth premiership victory.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [20, 20], "content_span": [21, 439]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074262-0001-0000", "contents": "1956 VFL Grand Final\nIt was the second successive year in which the two teams met in a premiership decider, with Melbourne having won the 1955 VFL Grand Final.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [20, 20], "content_span": [21, 159]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074262-0002-0000", "contents": "1956 VFL Grand Final\nThe Grand Final was attended by 115,902 spectators, easily setting a new record as the largest crowd to have witnessed a premiership decider in VFL Grand Final history, breaking the record of 96,486 spectators who witnessed the 1938 VFL Grand Final.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [20, 20], "content_span": [21, 270]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074262-0002-0001", "contents": "1956 VFL Grand Final\nThe capacity of the ground had recently been expanded with a new grandstand for the upcoming 1956 Summer Olympics, but the ground was still not large enough to comfortably or safely accommodate such a large crowd; stairwells and aisles were full of people, meaning that many people were unable to leave their positions to use restrooms during the game; and many people had restricted views of the game due to the crowding, resulting in some spectators climbing onto the roofs or back walls of the grandstand and other structures for a better view.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [20, 20], "content_span": [21, 568]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074262-0002-0002", "contents": "1956 VFL Grand Final\nThe gates were shut for safety reasons when the venue reached capacity, resulting in riots outside the ground in which an estimated 2,500 further spectators broke into the ground. More than 20,000 spectators were turned away at the gate. Pre -sale ticketing for finals was introduced from the following season to prevent a repeat of these events, and the crowd record stood until the 1968 VFL Grand Final \u2013 after the opening of the Western Stand.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [20, 20], "content_span": [21, 467]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074262-0003-0000", "contents": "1956 VFL Grand Final\nA scene from the game is captured in Jamie Cooper's painting The Game That Made Australia, commissioned by the AFL in 2008 to celebrate the 150th anniversary of the sport: Collingwood's Neil Mann and Melbourne's Ian Ridley fighting amongst the spectators who were sitting on the arena (but behind the boundary line).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [20, 20], "content_span": [21, 337]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074263-0000-0000", "contents": "1956 VFL season\nThe 1956 Victorian Football League season was the 60th season of the elite Australian rules football competition.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 15], "section_span": [15, 15], "content_span": [16, 129]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074263-0001-0000", "contents": "1956 VFL season, 1956 Summer Olympics\nFrom 22 November to 8 December, the 1956 Summer Olympics were to be held in Melbourne, with a re-configured Melbourne Cricket Ground as its Main Stadium.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 15], "section_span": [17, 37], "content_span": [38, 191]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074263-0002-0000", "contents": "1956 VFL season, 1956 Summer Olympics\nThe need to accommodate this fact brought certain changes to the 1956 VFL season:", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 15], "section_span": [17, 37], "content_span": [38, 119]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074263-0003-0000", "contents": "1956 VFL season, 1956 Summer Olympics\nIt was not desirable for Melbourne to play four consecutive away matches to start the season. This was partly because Melbourne would then have four consecutive home matches between Rounds 12 and 15. Additionally, because of the proximity of the Melbourne Cricket Ground to Punt Road Oval, matches were never scheduled at the venues on the same day; so it would have forced Richmond to open the season with four home matches, then play four away matches from Rounds 12 to 15. To overcome this, Melbourne played only its first three matches away, then played its Round 4 home match against Fitzroy at Punt Road Oval.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 15], "section_span": [17, 37], "content_span": [38, 653]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074263-0004-0000", "contents": "1956 VFL season, Premiership season\nIn 1956, the VFL competition consisted of twelve teams of 18 on-the-field players each, plus two substitute players, known as the 19th man and the 20th man. A player could be substituted for any reason; however, once substituted, a player could not return to the field of play under any circumstances.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 15], "section_span": [17, 35], "content_span": [36, 337]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074263-0005-0000", "contents": "1956 VFL season, Premiership season\nTeams played each other in a home-and-away season of 18 rounds; matches 12 to 18 were the \"home-and-way reverse\" of matches 1 to 7.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 15], "section_span": [17, 35], "content_span": [36, 167]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074263-0006-0000", "contents": "1956 VFL season, Premiership season\nOnce the 18 round home-and-away season had finished, the 1956 VFL Premiers were determined by the specific format and conventions of the Page\u2013McIntyre system.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 15], "section_span": [17, 35], "content_span": [36, 194]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074263-0007-0000", "contents": "1956 VFL season, Consolation Night Series Competition\nThe first VFL night series was held under floodlights at Lake Oval, South Melbourne amongst those teams who had missed the regular final series.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 15], "section_span": [17, 53], "content_span": [54, 198]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074263-0008-0000", "contents": "1956 VFL season, Consolation Night Series Competition\nThe eight teams that had finished in places 5 to 12 on the end-of-season ladder played in a set of seven elimination matches at the end of the home-and-away season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 15], "section_span": [17, 53], "content_span": [54, 218]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074263-0009-0000", "contents": "1956 VFL season, Consolation Night Series Competition\nThe Final was played on the evening of Monday 17 September 1956 (two days after the VFL Grand Final) in front of 33,120 spectators.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 15], "section_span": [17, 53], "content_span": [54, 185]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074264-0000-0000", "contents": "1956 VPI Gobblers football team\nThe 1956 VPI Gobblers football team represented the Virginia Polytechnic Institute in the 1956 NCAA University Division football season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [31, 31], "content_span": [32, 168]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074264-0001-0000", "contents": "1956 VPI Gobblers football team, Players\nThe following players were members of the 1956 football team according to the roster published in the 1957 edition of The Bugle, the Virginia Tech yearbook.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 40], "content_span": [41, 197]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074264-0002-0000", "contents": "1956 VPI Gobblers football team, Coaching Staff\nThe following coaches were members of the 1956 football team according to the roster published in the 1957 edition of The Bugle.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 47], "content_span": [48, 176]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074265-0000-0000", "contents": "1956 Vanderbilt Commodores football team\nThe 1956 Vanderbilt Commodores football team represented Vanderbilt University during the 1956 NCAA University Division football season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [40, 40], "content_span": [41, 177]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074266-0000-0000", "contents": "1956 Venezuelan Primera Divisi\u00f3n season\nThe 1956 season of the Venezuelan Primera Divisi\u00f3n, the top category of Venezuelan football, was played by 5 teams. The national champions were Banco Obrero.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [39, 39], "content_span": [40, 197]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074267-0000-0000", "contents": "1956 Vermont Catamounts football team\nThe 1956 Vermont Catamounts football team was an American football team that represented  the University of Vermont in the Yankee Conference during the 1956 NCAA College Division football season. In their fifth year under head coach J. Edward Donnelly, the team compiled a 2\u20135 record.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [37, 37], "content_span": [38, 322]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074268-0000-0000", "contents": "1956 Vermont gubernatorial election\nThe 1956 Vermont gubernatorial election took place on November 6, 1956. Incumbent Republican Joseph B. Johnson ran successfully for re-election to a second term as Governor of Vermont, defeating Democratic candidate E. Frank Branon.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [35, 35], "content_span": [36, 268]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074269-0000-0000", "contents": "1956 Villanova Wildcats football team\nThe 1956 Villanova Wildcats football team represented the Villanova University during the 1956 NCAA University Division football season. The head coach was Frank Reagan, coaching his third season with the Wildcats. The team played their home games at Villanova Stadium in Villanova, Pennsylvania.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [37, 37], "content_span": [38, 334]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074270-0000-0000", "contents": "1956 Virginia 500\nThe 1956 Virginia 500 was a NASCAR Grand National Series event that was held on May 20, 1956, at Martinsville Speedway in Martinsville, Virginia. As the inaugural event for the NASCAR Grand National Series in Martinsville, this race would set a precedent for all other 500-lap races to follow on this newly paved short track.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [17, 17], "content_span": [18, 343]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074270-0001-0000", "contents": "1956 Virginia 500, Background\nMartinsville Speedway is one of five short tracks to hold NASCAR races. The standard track at Martinsville Speedway is a four-turn short track oval that is 0.526 miles (0.847\u00a0km) long. The track's turns are banked at eleven degrees, while the front stretch, the location of the finish line, is banked at zero degrees. The back stretch also has a zero degree banking.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 29], "content_span": [30, 396]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074270-0002-0000", "contents": "1956 Virginia 500, Race report\nFive hundred laps took place on a paved oval track spanning 0.500 miles (0.805\u00a0km) for a grand total of 250 miles (400\u00a0km). The time of the race was four hours and three minutes while there were seven cautions for twenty laps. The average speed was 60.824 miles per hour (97.887\u00a0km/h) while the pole position speed was 66.103 miles per hour (106.382\u00a0km/h).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 30], "content_span": [31, 387]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074270-0003-0000", "contents": "1956 Virginia 500, Race report\nCompared to the top speed of today's passenger vehicles which is considered to be 99 miles per hour (159\u00a0km/h) in most makes and models, these stock cars were considered to be slow. Buck Baker defeated Speedy Thompson by half a lap. Other notable drivers who participated in the race included Arden Mounts, Cotton Owens, Fireball Roberts, Tiny Lund, Paul Goldsmith, and Lee Petty. The winning vehicle was a 1956 Dodge Coronet. Thirty-five American drivers dueled each other with no foreign-born competitors either in qualifying or the race itself. It would be the first time that a driver with the number 502 would win a race. Joe Bill O'Dell took quite a spill in this race; with his lap 37 crash causing his vehicle to have all four wheels off the ground.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 30], "content_span": [31, 788]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074270-0004-0000", "contents": "1956 Virginia 500, Race report\nMost of the stock car owners were independent and had no formal ties to the multi-car teams that would start to form in the 1960s and 1970s. A vehicle made by the Packard Motor Car Company even qualified for the race; eventually finishing in 34th place due to a tire problem. Years later, the Packard Motor Company would be victimized by the \"Big Three\" automobile manufacturers and would close due to lack of sales.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 30], "content_span": [31, 447]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074270-0005-0000", "contents": "1956 Virginia 500, Race report\nShorty Johns and Carl Kiekhaefer were the two most notable crew chiefs to attend this race.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 30], "content_span": [31, 122]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074270-0006-0000", "contents": "1956 Virginia 500, Race report\nTwenty thousands fans were on hand to watch the race live. The total winnings of the race was $10,275 ($97,807 when considering inflation). Buck Baker received most of the day's earnings with a grand total of $3,100 ($29,509 when considering inflation).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 30], "content_span": [31, 284]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074270-0007-0000", "contents": "1956 Virginia 500, Qualifying\nAccording to the official lineup sheet from the official program, the first 20 cars would qualify based on speed. Then, positions 21-30 would be based on their positions on a 10 lap qualifying race. Positions 31-40, those who would DNQ on Saturday, would be decided on who got to the track first, i.e. the first driver would get 31st, the second would get 32nd, etc. Buck Baker would win the pole with a 27.230.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 29], "content_span": [30, 441]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074270-0008-0000", "contents": "1956 Virginia 500, Finishing order\n\u2020 signifies that the driver is known to be deceased * Driver failed to finish race", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 34], "content_span": [35, 117]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074271-0000-0000", "contents": "1956 Virginia Cavaliers football team\nThe 1956 Virginia Cavaliers football team represented the University of Virginia during the 1956 NCAA University Division football season. The Cavaliers were led by first-year head coach Ben Martin and played their home games at Scott Stadium in Charlottesville, Virginia. They competed as members of the Atlantic Coast Conference, finishing in last. Their win against Wake Forest was Virginia's first ACC victory as members of the conference, coming in their third year of membership.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [37, 37], "content_span": [38, 523]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074272-0000-0000", "contents": "1956 Volta a Catalunya\nThe 1956 Volta a Catalunya was the 36th edition of the Volta a Catalunya cycle race and was held from 6 September to 13 September 1956. The race started in Sabadell and finished in Barcelona. The race was won by Aniceto Utset.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [22, 22], "content_span": [23, 249]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074273-0000-0000", "contents": "1956 Vuelta a Espa\u00f1a\nThe 11th Vuelta a Espa\u00f1a (Tour of Spain), a long-distance bicycle stage race and one of the three grand tours, was held from 26 April to 13 May 1956. It consisted of 17 stages covering a total of 3,531\u00a0km (2,194\u00a0mi), and was won by Angelo Conterno of the Bianchi cycling team. Rik Van Steenbergen won the points classification and Nino Defilippis won the mountains classification.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [20, 20], "content_span": [21, 401]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074273-0001-0000", "contents": "1956 Vuelta a Espa\u00f1a\nThe race was run with national teams of France, Spain, Switzerland and Belgium, and an additional four regional Spanish teams. Each fielded 10 cyclists, for a total of 90.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [20, 20], "content_span": [21, 192]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074274-0000-0000", "contents": "1956 WANFL season\nThe 1956 WANFL season was the 72nd season of senior football in Perth, Western Australia.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [17, 17], "content_span": [18, 107]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074275-0000-0000", "contents": "1956 Wake Forest Demon Deacons football team\nThe 1956 Wake Forest Demon Deacons football team was an American football team that represented Wake Forest University during the 1956 NCAA University Division football season. In their first season under head coach Paul Amen, the Demon Deacons compiled a 2\u20135\u20133 record and finished in seventh place in the Atlantic Coast Conference with a 1\u20135\u20131 record against conference opponents.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [44, 44], "content_span": [45, 426]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074275-0001-0000", "contents": "1956 Wake Forest Demon Deacons football team\nHalfback Billy Ray Barnes rushed for over 1,000 yards and was selected by the Associated Press as a first-team player on the 1956 All-Atlantic Coast Conference football team.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [44, 44], "content_span": [45, 219]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074276-0000-0000", "contents": "1956 Walthamstow West by-election\nThe Walthamstow West by-election of 1 March 1956 was held after the elevation to the Peerage of former Prime Minister, Labour MP (MP) Clement Attlee.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [33, 33], "content_span": [34, 183]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074276-0001-0000", "contents": "1956 Walthamstow West by-election\nThe seat was safe, having been won by Attlee at the 1955 general election by over 9,000 votes", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [33, 33], "content_span": [34, 127]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074277-0000-0000", "contents": "1956 Washington Huskies football team\nThe 1956 Washington Huskies football team was an American football team that represented the University of Washington during the 1956 NCAA University Division football season. In its only season under head coach Darrell Royal, the team compiled a 5\u20135 record, finished in fourth place in the Pacific Coast Conference, and was outscored 232\u00a0to\u00a0206.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [37, 37], "content_span": [38, 384]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074277-0001-0000", "contents": "1956 Washington Huskies football team\nRoyal was hired as head coach at the University of Texas following the season, where he stayed for twenty seasons and compiled a 167\u201347\u20135 (.774) record, including national championships in 1963, 1969, and 1970. The Huskies' next two head coaches stayed for eighteen years each: Jim\u00a0Owens (1957\u201374) and Don\u00a0James (1975\u201392).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [37, 37], "content_span": [38, 360]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074277-0002-0000", "contents": "1956 Washington Huskies football team, NFL Draft selections\nFour University of Washington Huskies were selected in the 1957 NFL Draft, which lasted thirty rounds with 360 selections.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [39, 59], "content_span": [60, 182]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074278-0000-0000", "contents": "1956 Washington Redskins season\nThe 1956 Washington Redskins season was the franchise's 25th season in the National Football League (NFL) and their 20th in Washington, D.C.. The team failed to improve on their 8\u20134 record from 1955 and finished 6-6.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [31, 31], "content_span": [32, 248]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074278-0001-0000", "contents": "1956 Washington Redskins season, Regular season, Standings\nNote: Tie games were not officially counted in the standings until 1972.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 58], "content_span": [59, 131]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074279-0000-0000", "contents": "1956 Washington Senators season\nThe 1956 Washington Senators won 59 games, lost 95, and finished in seventh place in the American League. They were managed by Chuck Dressen and played home games at Griffith Stadium.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [31, 31], "content_span": [32, 215]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074279-0001-0000", "contents": "1956 Washington Senators season, Player stats, Batting, Starters by position\nNote: Pos = Position; G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 76], "content_span": [77, 201]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074279-0002-0000", "contents": "1956 Washington Senators season, Player stats, Batting, Other batters\nNote: G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 69], "content_span": [70, 178]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074279-0003-0000", "contents": "1956 Washington Senators season, Player stats, Pitching, Starting pitchers\nNote: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 74], "content_span": [75, 185]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074279-0004-0000", "contents": "1956 Washington Senators season, Player stats, Pitching, Other pitchers\nNote: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 71], "content_span": [72, 182]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074279-0005-0000", "contents": "1956 Washington Senators season, Player stats, Pitching, Relief pitchers\nNote: G = Games pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; SV = Saves; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 72], "content_span": [73, 173]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074280-0000-0000", "contents": "1956 Washington State Cougars baseball team\nThe 1956 Washington State Cougars baseball team represented the Washington State College in the 1956 NCAA baseball season. The Cougars played their home games at Bailey Field. The team was coached by Buck Bailey in his 30th year as head coach at Washington State.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 43], "section_span": [43, 43], "content_span": [44, 307]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074280-0001-0000", "contents": "1956 Washington State Cougars baseball team\nThe Cougars won the District VIII to advance to the College World Series, where they were defeated by the New Hampshire Wildcats.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 43], "section_span": [43, 43], "content_span": [44, 173]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074281-0000-0000", "contents": "1956 Washington State Cougars football team\nThe 1956 Washington State Cougars football team was an American football team that represented Washington State College during the 1956 NCAA University Division football season. Led by first-year head coach Jim Sutherland, the team posted a 3\u20136\u20131 overall record, and were 2\u20135\u20131 in the Pacific Coast Conference.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 43], "section_span": [43, 43], "content_span": [44, 354]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074281-0001-0000", "contents": "1956 Washington State Cougars football team\nHired in January, Sutherland was previously an assistant at rival Washington for a season  under head coach John Cherberg, preceded by two years at California under Pappy Waldorf. His initial contract with the Cougars was for three years, estimated at $12,000 per year, and he led the program for eight seasons, through\u00a01963.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 43], "section_span": [43, 43], "content_span": [44, 369]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074281-0002-0000", "contents": "1956 Washington State Cougars football team, NFL Draft\nOne Cougar was selected in the 1957 NFL Draft, which was thirty rounds (360 selections).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 43], "section_span": [45, 54], "content_span": [55, 143]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074282-0000-0000", "contents": "1956 Washington gubernatorial election\nThe 1956 Washington gubernatorial election took place on November 6, 1956, between Democratic state senator Albert Rosellini and Republican lieutenant governor Emmett T. Anderson.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [38, 38], "content_span": [39, 218]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074282-0001-0000", "contents": "1956 Washington gubernatorial election\nRosellini defeated Anderson during the general election, becoming the first Italian American to lead a U.S. state west of the Mississippi River. Incumbent Republican governor Arthur B. Langlie declined to run for a fourth term, instead challenging Warren Magnuson for a U.S. Senate seat.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [38, 38], "content_span": [39, 326]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074282-0002-0000", "contents": "1956 Washington gubernatorial election, Primary election\nIncumbent governor Arthur B. Langlie, a Republican who had served three terms, announced on May 2 that he would not run for a fourth term and instead challenge Warren Magnuson for one of the state's U.S. Senate seats. Langlie made no public endorsement for a Republican candidate, but privately supported congressman Thor C. Tollefson prior to the announcement. Tollefson would later drop out of the gubernatorial race by the end of the month and pursue another congressional term, leaving Lieutenant Governor Emmett T. Anderson and Attorney General Don Eastvold as the remaining Republican frontrunners.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 56], "content_span": [57, 661]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074282-0003-0000", "contents": "1956 Washington gubernatorial election, Primary election\nAlbert D. Rosellini, a Democratic state senator from South Seattle, announced his candidacy on May 24, proposing a state department of commerce, industrial regulations, diversification of jobs and industries, a second Lake Washington bridge, and toll-free superhighways. Rosellini, a New Deal liberal Democrat who had been named leader of the state's Democratic Senate Caucus, publicly opposed Langlie during his three terms as governors and often butted heads with the former Seattle mayor. After missteps during his 1952 bid for governor, Rosellini was left to run in the 1956 race using his own funds.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 56], "content_span": [57, 661]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074282-0004-0000", "contents": "1956 Washington gubernatorial election, Primary election\nState Secretary of State Earl Coe, another Democrat, joined the race in early July and became Rosellini's biggest challenger for the Democratic nomination. By the filing deadline in July, the field of candidates grew to nine, with Democratic state senator Roderick A. Lindsay of Spokane joining the race. Prior to the primary, Anderson emerged as a Republican favorite among former Langlie supporters, while Democrats Coe and Rosellini were expected to split a contentious vote.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 56], "content_span": [57, 535]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074282-0005-0000", "contents": "1956 Washington gubernatorial election, Primary election\nDuring the September 11 blanket primary, Rosellini and Anderson won the right to advance to the general election, with comfortable margins in early returns. Coe formally endorsed Rosellini on September 26, citing a preference to avoid \"past stalemates\" and encouraging voters to give majority control of the legislature to the Democrats.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 56], "content_span": [57, 394]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074282-0006-0000", "contents": "1956 Washington gubernatorial election, General election\nHenry Killman was nominated by the Socialist Labor Party of America in September and approved by the Secretary of State as the only minor party in the governor's race.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 56], "content_span": [57, 224]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074282-0007-0000", "contents": "1956 Washington gubernatorial election, General election\nRosellini spent much of his campaigning proposing improvements to the state's institutions, including prisons and schools, while attacking the Langlie administration. Anderson, by contrast, made few promises and touted his qualifications as lieutenant governor.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 56], "content_span": [57, 318]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074282-0008-0000", "contents": "1956 Washington gubernatorial election, General election\nOn November 6, Rosellini won the governorship and promised to promote bipartisanship and select state employees on merit rather than political qualifications. Anderson formally conceded to Rosellini the following morning, congratulating him on his victory and thanking his supporters.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 56], "content_span": [57, 341]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074283-0000-0000", "contents": "1956 Waterford Senior Hurling Championship\nThe 1956 Waterford Senior Hurling Championship was the 56th staging of the Waterford Senior Hurling Championship since its establishment by the Waterford County Board in 1897.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 42], "section_span": [42, 42], "content_span": [43, 218]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074283-0001-0000", "contents": "1956 Waterford Senior Hurling Championship\nOn 15 September 1956, Mount Sion won the championship after a 7-07 to 2-06 defeat of Cappoquin in the final. This was their 12th championship title overall and their fourth title in succession.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 42], "section_span": [42, 42], "content_span": [43, 236]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074284-0000-0000", "contents": "1956 Wellington City mayoral election\nThe 1956 Wellington City mayoral election was part of the New Zealand local elections held that same year. In 1956, elections were held for the Mayor of Wellington plus other local government positions including fifteen city councillors. The polling was conducted using the standard first-past-the-post electoral method.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [37, 37], "content_span": [38, 358]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074284-0001-0000", "contents": "1956 Wellington City mayoral election, Background\nThe 1956 mayoral election was conducted amidst a selection controversy by the right-leaning Citizens' Association. Under the impression that incumbent mayor Robert Macalister was not intending to seek a third term as Mayor, Ernest Toop applied to gain nomination as the official Citizens' candidacy. As Toop was the only applicant he was successful. However, Macalister had intended to run for mayor again and assumed he, as incumbent, would gain automatic nomination. Undeterred, Macalister ran for mayor again as an Independent which split the Citizens' vote enabling Labour's Frank Kitts to win the mayoralty. Kitts became Wellington's first Labour Mayor in 46 years following David McLaren's defeat in 1913.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [39, 49], "content_span": [50, 761]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074284-0002-0000", "contents": "1956 Wellington City mayoral election, Background\nLabour also polled more votes than the Citizens' Association for the council as well. However it won fewer seats due to a high concentration of Labour votes on several candidates with the remainder of the ticket receiving far less, compared to the Citizens' vote which was more evenly dispersed across its ticket. This was compounded due to Kitts running jointly for both mayor and council.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [39, 49], "content_span": [50, 440]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074284-0002-0001", "contents": "1956 Wellington City mayoral election, Background\nHe topped the poll in the council vote, but his election was voided by virtue of winning the mayoralty which saw his council seat awarded to the highest polling unsuccessful candidate, Donald Griffin, who was on the Citizens' ticket. Initially it was to be awarded to another Labour candidate, Thomas Cameron, but after special votes had been counted Griffin has surpassed Cameron's tally.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [39, 49], "content_span": [50, 439]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074285-0000-0000", "contents": "1956 Wentworth by-election\nA by-election was held for the Australian House of Representatives seat of Wentworth on 8 December 1956. This was triggered by the resignation of Liberal Party MP Eric Harrison.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [26, 26], "content_span": [27, 204]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074285-0001-0000", "contents": "1956 Wentworth by-election\nThe by-election was narrowly won by Liberal Party candidate Les Bury. His final opponent on the two-party-preferred vote, after overtaking the Labor candidate on preferences, was Reg Robson, brother of recently deposed state Liberal leader Murray Robson. Murray Robson supported his brother during the campaign, and it was reported that there was \"some talk of expelling\" Robson from the party for his role.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [26, 26], "content_span": [27, 434]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074286-0000-0000", "contents": "1956 West Texas State Buffaloes football team\nThe 1956 West Texas State Buffaloes football team was an American football team that represented West Texas State College (now known as West Texas A&M University) in the Border Conference during the 1956 NCAA University Division football season. In its tenth season under head coach Frank Kimbrough, the team compiled an 8\u20132 record (2\u20132 against conference opponents), finished in third place in the conference, defeated Mississippi Southern in the 1957 Tangerine Bowl, and outscored all opponents by a total of 296 to 96. The team played its home games at Buffalo Stadium in Canyon, Texas.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 45], "section_span": [45, 45], "content_span": [46, 635]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074286-0001-0000", "contents": "1956 West Texas State Buffaloes football team\nThe team averaged 29.6 points per game, ranking third among 111 major college programs for the 1956 season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 45], "section_span": [45, 45], "content_span": [46, 153]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074286-0002-0000", "contents": "1956 West Texas State Buffaloes football team\nThe team's statistical leaders included Bubba Hillman with 357 passing yards, Ron Mills with 569 rushing yards, Ken Ballard with 125 receiving yards, and Charles Sanders with 12 touchdowns.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 45], "section_span": [45, 45], "content_span": [46, 235]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074287-0000-0000", "contents": "1956 West Virginia Mountaineers football team\nThe 1956 West Virginia Mountaineers football team represented West Virginia University during the 1956 NCAA University Division football season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 45], "section_span": [45, 45], "content_span": [46, 190]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074288-0000-0000", "contents": "1956 West Virginia gubernatorial election\nThe 1956 West Virginia gubernatorial election took place on November 6, 1956, to elect the governor of West Virginia.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 41], "section_span": [41, 41], "content_span": [42, 159]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074289-0000-0000", "contents": "1956 Western Australian Legislative Council election\nElections were held in the Australian state of Western Australia on 7 April 1956 to elect 10 of the 30 members of the state's Legislative Council.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 52], "section_span": [52, 52], "content_span": [53, 199]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074290-0000-0000", "contents": "1956 Western Australian state election\nElections were held in the state of Western Australia on 7 April 1956 to elect all 50 members to the Legislative Assembly. The Labor Party, led by Premier Albert Hawke, won a second term in office against the Liberal-Country coalition, led by Sir Ross McLarty.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [38, 38], "content_span": [39, 299]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074290-0001-0000", "contents": "1956 Western Australian state election, Results\nWestern Australian state election, 7 April 1956Legislative Assembly << 1953\u20131959 >>", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 47], "content_span": [48, 131]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074291-0000-0000", "contents": "1956 Western Michigan Broncos football team\nThe 1956 Western Michigan Broncos football team represented Western Michigan College (renamed Western Michigan University in 1957) in the Mid-American Conference (MAC) during the 1956 NCAA University Division football season. In their fourth and final season under head coach Jack Petoskey, the Broncos compiled a 2\u20137 record (1\u20134 against MAC opponents), finished in sixth place in the MAC, and were outscored by their opponents, 168 to 114. The team played its home games at Waldo Stadium in Kalamazoo, Michigan.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 43], "section_span": [43, 43], "content_span": [44, 556]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074291-0001-0000", "contents": "1956 Western Michigan Broncos football team\nCenter Bob Soderman was the team captain. End and tackle John Berryman received the team's most outstanding player award.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 43], "section_span": [43, 43], "content_span": [44, 165]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074291-0002-0000", "contents": "1956 Western Michigan Broncos football team\nJack Petoskey resigned as the team's head coach on December 13, 1956; he compiled a record of 8\u201325\u20132 in four years at Western Michigan.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 43], "section_span": [43, 43], "content_span": [44, 179]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074292-0000-0000", "contents": "1956 Wichita Shockers football team\nThe 1956 Wichita Shockers football team, sometimes known as the Wheatshockers, was an American football team that represented Wichita  University (now known as Wichita State University) as a member of the Missouri Valley Conference during the 1956 NCAA University Division football season. In its second and final season under head coach Pete Tillman, the team compiled a 4\u20136 record (1\u20133 against conference opponents), finished in fourth place in the MVC, and was outscored by a total of 198 to 117. The team played its home games at Veterans Field, now known as Cessna Stadium.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [35, 35], "content_span": [36, 614]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074293-0000-0000", "contents": "1956 Wightman Cup\nThe 1956 Wightman Cup was the 28th edition of the annual women's team tennis competition between the United States and Great Britain. It was held at the All England Lawn Tennis and Croquet Club in London in England in the United Kingdom.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [17, 17], "content_span": [18, 255]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074294-0000-0000", "contents": "1956 Wilkes County 160\nThe 1956 Wilkes County 160 was a NASCAR Grand National Series event that was held on April 8, 1956, at North Wilkesboro Speedway in North Wilkesboro, North Carolina, United States.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [22, 22], "content_span": [23, 203]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074294-0001-0000", "contents": "1956 Wilkes County 160, Background\nNorth Wilkesboro carried a reputation as one of the fastest short-tracks in auto racing in the late 1940s and 1950s. In 1950, speeds reached 73\u00a0mph at the track, compared to the next fastest short-track, Charlotte Speedway, where top speeds only reached 66\u00a0mph. Most of the fans in the early years of the sport saw the track as notorious for being a great venue to watch races between the legendary racers of the time. Racing at North Wilkesboro was intense and physical.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [24, 34], "content_span": [35, 506]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074294-0002-0000", "contents": "1956 Wilkes County 160, Background\nThe 1950 Wilkes 200 was the second Grand National Series race held at North Wilkesboro Speedway. Twenty-six cars entered the race. Twenty-one-year-old Fireball Roberts qualified with a lap speed of 73.266\u00a0mph on the dirt track for his first-ever Grand National pole, but engine problems dropped him out of the running. Fonty Flock started in the third position and led the most laps in the race with 104, but engine troubles also ended his day. Ultimately, Leon Sales led eight of the 200 laps to become the victor,  the fourth NASCAR driver to win an event in his debut race. Jack Smith finished second after leading 55 laps in the race.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [24, 34], "content_span": [35, 673]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074294-0003-0000", "contents": "1956 Wilkes County 160, Background\nAfter hosting only one NASCAR event in 1949 and one in 1950, the track began running two Grand National Series events per year in 1951 (with the except for1956, when only one race was held; the track was being prepared for pavement). One race was held in the spring, normally in late March or early April, and another was held in the fall, normally in late September or early October. In 1957, owner Enoch Stanley had the 5/8-mile track paved.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [24, 34], "content_span": [35, 478]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074294-0004-0000", "contents": "1956 Wilkes County 160, Background\nThe Wilkes 200 in 1952 turned into a battle between brothers. Two sets of brothers competed in the race, and they took the top four spots at the finish. The Flock Brothers (Fonty Flock and Tim Flock) were strong, but the Thomas brothers (Herb Thomas and Donald Thomas) had a better outcome. Herb Thomas, driving his 1952 \"Fabulous\" Hudson Hornet, won the pole, led 192 of the 200 laps, and grabbed the victory. Fonty Flock led the first eight laps and finished the race second. Donald Thomas, also in a 1952 \"Fabulous\" Hudson Hornet, finished third, and Tim Flock finished fourth. Eleven of the 27 cars entered in the race finished. Six of the top nine positions were driving Hudson Hornets.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [24, 34], "content_span": [35, 726]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074294-0005-0000", "contents": "1956 Wilkes County 160, Background\nHerb Thomas started on the pole for the 1953 Wilkes 200 with his record-setting qualifying speed of 78.424\u00a0mph on the dirt surface. Outside pole sitter Tim Flock led the first 100 laps before experiencing engine problems. Curtis Turner took the lead on Lap 101 and continued the lead until his car also succumbed to engine troubles nine laps later. Thomas in his Number 92 Hudson Hornet only lead 18 laps in the race but ended the race by taking his third consecutive win at North Wilkesboro. Starting from the third spot, Dick Rathmann led 70 laps and finished behind Herb Thomas. Fonty Flock managed to work his way up from the fourth starting position to the front and led three laps before dropping back and finishing third.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [24, 34], "content_span": [35, 763]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074294-0006-0000", "contents": "1956 Wilkes County 160, Background\nPole sitter Buck Baker ran 78.288\u00a0mph to gap the pole for the 1953 Wilkes 160. Baker ran strong and led the most laps in the race with 80 out front before falling back into the sixth position at the finish. Speedy Thompson led 25 laps, and Fonty Flock led 37. Curtis Turner led a total of 18 laps. At the end of the race, Thompson finished two laps ahead of second-place Flock. Thompson's win ended Herb Thomas and his Hudson Hornet's three-race winning streak at North Wilkesboro.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [24, 34], "content_span": [35, 516]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074294-0007-0000", "contents": "1956 Wilkes County 160, Background\nAt the 1954 Wilkes County 160, Gober Sosebee won the pole with a lap speed of 78.698\u00a0mph. Sosebee led a race-high 112 laps but finished in 12th position, eight laps down. The only other leader was Dick Rathmann, who led 48 laps. Rathmann blew a tire while leading, with three laps to go, and still managed to finish and win the race. Herb Thomas finished some 20 seconds behind in second place.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [24, 34], "content_span": [35, 429]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074294-0008-0000", "contents": "1956 Wilkes County 160, Background\nIn the 1954 Wilkes 160, Hershel McGriff won the pole with a qualifying speed of 77.612\u00a0mph. He and Dick Rathman were the only leaders of the race; McGriff led 74 laps, and Rathman led 83. The race was called three laps early because of a serious crash involving Lou Figaro; his car flipped, and the roof caved in. Figaro was transported to a hospital in Winston-Salem, but he died the following day from a skull fracture and brain damage suffered in the crash. McGriff was declared the winner. It was his final victory and his last Grand National race for 17 years.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [24, 34], "content_span": [35, 600]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074294-0009-0000", "contents": "1956 Wilkes County 160, Background\nDink Widenhouse won his only career Grand National Series pole at the 1955 Wilkes County 160. But engine problems forced him out of the race. Outside pole sitter Buck Baker led all 160 laps, but by the last lap, Dick Rathmann was glued to Baker's bumper, still charging. Rathmann's final charge off of Turn Four came up three feet short of stealing the victory. It was the closest finish in series history up to that time. Local native Junior Johnson ran in his first Grand National race at North Wilkesboro.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [24, 34], "content_span": [35, 543]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074294-0010-0000", "contents": "1956 Wilkes County 160, Race report\nThe attendance at the race was 7500 people, and the race was held in one hour, twenty-four minutes, and twenty-eight seconds. There were 160 laps  on the .625-mile (1.006\u00a0km) dirt track, with the total distance being 100 miles (160\u00a0km). The average speed was 71.034 miles per hour (114.318\u00a0km/h), and the pole position speed was 78.37 miles per hour (126.12\u00a0km/h). The top three qualifiers were the only drivers who lead the race.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [24, 35], "content_span": [36, 466]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074294-0011-0000", "contents": "1956 Wilkes County 160, Race report\nThe top ten finishers of the race were Tim Flock, Billy Myers, Jim Paschal, Herb Thomas, Ralph Moody, Dink Widenhouse, Allen Adkins, Lee Petty, Bill Blair, and Whitey Norman. Some other notable racers were Fireball Roberts, Buck Baker, Gwyn Staley, Junior Johnson, and Tiny Lund.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [24, 35], "content_span": [36, 315]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074294-0012-0000", "contents": "1956 Wilkes County 160, Race report\nDick Beaty (who finished twelfth in the race) would go on to become the \"top cop\" in NASCAR decades later; passing a rule requiring vehicles to \"pass to the right\" on the restart. This race would be John McVitty's last start. He was killed during qualifying at Langhorne before the next race.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [24, 35], "content_span": [36, 328]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074294-0013-0000", "contents": "1956 Wilkes County 160, Race report\nOut of the twenty-nine competitors for this race, thirteen failed to finish, leaving sixteen drivers that completed the entire 160 laps (100 miles) of the race. The most common problem was the piston (which occurred in two different cars). The top prize was $1,100 ($10,344 when considering inflation) and the prize for last place was $0. NASCAR's then-current prize structure only gave out monetary rewards from first place to twentieth place; all other finishers did not receive any prize winnings at all. Several models of automobile participated in the race including: Ford (active), Chevrolet (active), Pontiac (defunct), Dodge (active), Mercury (active but not participating in racing), and Plymouth (defunct).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [24, 35], "content_span": [36, 752]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074294-0014-0000", "contents": "1956 Wilkes County 160, Race report\nThis was the only race for North Wilkesboro Speedway in the 1956 season. Carl Kiekhaefer was a notable crew chief to attend this race; he was also the owner of the #300C Chrysler vehicle driven by Buck Baker.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [24, 35], "content_span": [36, 244]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074294-0015-0000", "contents": "1956 Wilkes County 160, Race report\nRacing numbers in this era were not limited to double-digit numbers. There were a couple of drivers with triple-digit numbers and even a driver using the letter \"X\" as his race car number. Fortunately, this practice was discarded by NASCAR after the 1963 Sandlapper 200 where Frank Warren would take his single-lettered car to a 13th-place finish (after starting in 18th).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [24, 35], "content_span": [36, 408]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074294-0016-0000", "contents": "1956 Wilkes County 160, Finishing order\n* Driver failed to finish race \u2020 Driver is deceased.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [24, 39], "content_span": [40, 92]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074295-0000-0000", "contents": "1956 William & Mary Indians football team\nThe 1956 William & Mary Indians football team represented William & Mary during the 1956 NCAA University Division football season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 41], "section_span": [41, 41], "content_span": [42, 172]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074296-0000-0000", "contents": "1956 Wimbledon Championships\nThe 1956 Wimbledon Championships took place on the outdoor grass courts at the All England Lawn Tennis and Croquet Club in Wimbledon, London, United Kingdom. The tournament was held from Monday 25 June until Saturday 7 July 1956. It was the 70th staging of the Wimbledon Championships, and the third Grand Slam tennis event of 1956. Lew Hoad and Shirley Fry won the singles titles.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [28, 28], "content_span": [29, 410]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074296-0001-0000", "contents": "1956 Wimbledon Championships, Champions, Seniors, Men's Doubles\nLew Hoad /  Ken Rosewall defeated  Nicola Pietrangeli /  Orlando Sirola, 7\u20135, 6\u20132, 6\u20131", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 63], "content_span": [64, 150]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074296-0002-0000", "contents": "1956 Wimbledon Championships, Champions, Seniors, Women's Doubles\nAngela Buxton /  Althea Gibson defeated  Fay Muller /  Daphne Seeney, 6\u20131, 8\u20136", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 65], "content_span": [66, 144]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074296-0003-0000", "contents": "1956 Wimbledon Championships, Champions, Seniors, Mixed Doubles\nVic Seixas /  Shirley Fry defeated  Gardnar Mulloy /  Althea Gibson, 2\u20136, 6\u20132, 7\u20135", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 63], "content_span": [64, 146]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074297-0000-0000", "contents": "1956 Wimbledon Championships \u2013 Boys' Singles\nRonnie Holmberg defeated Rod Laver in the final, 6\u20131, 6\u20131 to win the Boys' Singles tennis title at the 1956 Wimbledon Championships.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [44, 44], "content_span": [45, 177]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074298-0000-0000", "contents": "1956 Wimbledon Championships \u2013 Girls' Singles\nAnn Haydon defeated Ilse Buding in the final, 6\u20133, 6\u20134 to win the Girls' Singles tennis title at the 1956 Wimbledon Championships.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 45], "section_span": [45, 45], "content_span": [46, 176]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074299-0000-0000", "contents": "1956 Wimbledon Championships \u2013 Men's Doubles\nRex Hartwig and Lew Hoad were the defending champions, but Hartwig was ineligible to compete after turning professional. Hoad partnered with Ken Rosewall, and they defeated Nicola Pietrangeli and Orlando Sirola in the final, 7\u20135, 6\u20132, 6\u20131 to win the Gentlemen' Doubles tennis title at the 1956 Wimbledon Championship.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [44, 44], "content_span": [45, 362]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074299-0001-0000", "contents": "1956 Wimbledon Championships \u2013 Men's Doubles, Seeds\nClick on the seed number of a player to go to their draw section.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [46, 51], "content_span": [52, 117]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074300-0000-0000", "contents": "1956 Wimbledon Championships \u2013 Men's Singles\nIn the 1956 Wimbledon Championships \u2013 Men's Singles, Lew Hoad defeated Ken Rosewall in the final, 6\u20132, 4\u20136, 7\u20135, 6\u20134, to win the Gentlemen's Singles tennis title. It was the first of three years in which Australian players dominated the Wimbledon Men's Singles final. Tony Trabert was the defending champion, but was ineligible to compete after turning professional. The competition lasted from Monday 25 June to Saturday 7 July 1956.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [44, 44], "content_span": [45, 479]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074300-0001-0000", "contents": "1956 Wimbledon Championships \u2013 Men's Singles\nUlf Schmidt, from Sweden, was the only player from outside Australia and the United States to reach the quarterfinal stage.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [44, 44], "content_span": [45, 168]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074300-0002-0000", "contents": "1956 Wimbledon Championships \u2013 Men's Singles\nIt was the first Wimbledon tournament in which Australian Rod Laver competed in senior competition; 17-year-old Laver, a qualifier, was defeated in the first round by Orlando Sirola.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [44, 44], "content_span": [45, 227]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074300-0003-0000", "contents": "1956 Wimbledon Championships \u2013 Men's Singles, Seeds\nClick on the seed number of a player to go to their draw section.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [46, 51], "content_span": [52, 117]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074301-0000-0000", "contents": "1956 Wimbledon Championships \u2013 Mixed Doubles\nVic Seixas and Doris Hart were the defending champions, but Hart did not compete. Seixas competed with Shirley Fry, and they defeated Gardnar Mulloy and Althea Gibson in the final, 8\u20136, 2\u20136, 6\u20133 to win the Mixed Doubles tennis title at the 1956 Wimbledon Championships.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [44, 44], "content_span": [45, 314]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074301-0001-0000", "contents": "1956 Wimbledon Championships \u2013 Mixed Doubles, Seeds\nClick on the seed number of a player to go to their draw section.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [46, 51], "content_span": [52, 117]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074302-0000-0000", "contents": "1956 Wimbledon Championships \u2013 Women's Doubles\nAngela Mortimer and Anne Shilcock were the defending champions, but lost in the semifinal to Fay Muller and Daphne Seeney.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 46], "section_span": [46, 46], "content_span": [47, 169]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074302-0001-0000", "contents": "1956 Wimbledon Championships \u2013 Women's Doubles\nAngela Buxton and Althea Gibson defeated Muller and Seeney in the final, 6\u20131, 8\u20136 to win the Ladies' Doubles tennis title at the 1956 Wimbledon Championships.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 46], "section_span": [46, 46], "content_span": [47, 205]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074302-0002-0000", "contents": "1956 Wimbledon Championships \u2013 Women's Doubles, Seeds\nClick on the seed number of a player to go to their draw section.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 46], "section_span": [48, 53], "content_span": [54, 119]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074303-0000-0000", "contents": "1956 Wimbledon Championships \u2013 Women's Singles\nShirley Fry defeated Angela Buxton in the final, 6\u20133, 6\u20131 to win the Ladies' Singles tennis title at the 1956 Wimbledon Championships. Louise Brough was the defending champion, but lost in the semifinals to Fry.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 46], "section_span": [46, 46], "content_span": [47, 258]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074303-0001-0000", "contents": "1956 Wimbledon Championships \u2013 Women's Singles, Seeds\nClick on the seed number of a player to go to their draw section.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 46], "section_span": [48, 53], "content_span": [54, 119]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074304-0000-0000", "contents": "1956 Winter Olympics\nThe 1956 Winter Olympics, officially known as the VII Olympic Winter Games (Italian: VII Giochi Olimpici invernali) and commonly known as Cortina d'Ampezzo 1956, was a multi-sport event held in Cortina d'Ampezzo, Italy, from 26 January to 5 February 1956.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [20, 20], "content_span": [21, 276]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074304-0001-0000", "contents": "1956 Winter Olympics\nCortina, which had originally been awarded the 1944 Winter Olympics, beat out Montreal, Colorado Springs and Lake Placid for the right to host the 1956 Games. The Cortina Games were unique in that many of the venues were within walking distance of each other. The organising committee received financial support from the Italian government for infrastructure improvements, but the rest of the costs for the Games had to be privately financed. Consequently, the organising committee was the first to rely heavily on corporate sponsorship for funding.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [20, 20], "content_span": [21, 570]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074304-0002-0000", "contents": "1956 Winter Olympics\nThirty-two nations\u2014the largest number of countries participating in the Winter Olympics until then\u2014competed in the four sports and twenty-four events. Austrian Toni Sailer became the first person to sweep all three alpine skiing events in a single Olympics. The figure skating competition was held outdoors for the last time at these Games. Logistically, the only problem encountered was a lack of snow at the alpine skiing events. To remedy this, the Italian army transported large amounts of snow to ensure the courses were adequately covered.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [20, 20], "content_span": [21, 566]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074304-0003-0000", "contents": "1956 Winter Olympics\nPolitics did not affect the 1956 Winter Games - unlike the Summer Games in Melbourne, Australia later in the year which many nations boycotted after the Soviet repression of the Hungarian Revolution, and the Suez War. The Cortina Olympics were the first Winter Olympics televised to a multi-national audience. Cortina is scheduled to co-host the 2026 Winter Olympics with Milan, 70 years after the 1956 Games.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [20, 20], "content_span": [21, 430]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074304-0004-0000", "contents": "1956 Winter Olympics, Host city selection\nCortina d'Ampezzo is a ski resort village situated in the Dolomite Alps in the north-eastern corner of Italy. In 1956, it had a population of 6,500 people. Count Alberto Bonacossa, an accomplished alpine skier, figure skater and a member of the International Olympic Committee (IOC) since 1925, spearheaded the effort to bring the Olympic Games to Cortina d'Ampezzo. He persuaded the city council of Cortina to bid for the 1944 Games. During the 38th IOC Congress held in London in 1939, Cortina d'Ampezzo was awarded the 1944 Winter Olympics, but the Games were canceled due to the outbreak of World War II.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [22, 41], "content_span": [42, 650]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074304-0005-0000", "contents": "1956 Winter Olympics, Host city selection\nIn 1946 the Italian Winter Sports Federation convened in Milan and decided to support a new attempt from Cortina to host the Winter Games. A delegation, led by Count Bonacossa, presented Cortina's bid to host the 1952 Winter Olympics at the 40th IOC Session in Stockholm, Sweden. They were backed by the city's council and the Italian National Olympic Committee (CONI, Comitato Olimpico Nazionale Italiano). A rival bid from Oslo, Norway, soundly defeated Cortina. Count Bonacossa's and CONI prepared a third bid, this time for the 1956 Winter Games.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [22, 41], "content_span": [42, 592]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074304-0005-0001", "contents": "1956 Winter Olympics, Host city selection\nThe host city selection took place in Rome, during the 43rd IOC Session. On 28 April 1949, Cortina d'Ampezzo was selected with 75% of the votes, over bids from Montreal, Colorado Springs and Lake Placid. Unfortunately, Bonacossa died on 30 January 1953, three years before he could witness Cortina host the Games.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [22, 41], "content_span": [42, 355]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074304-0006-0000", "contents": "1956 Winter Olympics, Participating nations\nA total of 32 nations sent athletes to Cortina d'Ampezzo. Along with the Soviet Union, Bolivia and Iran competed at the Winter Games for the first time, making Bolivia the first completely Tropical nation to participate in a Winter Olympic. Korea, Liechtenstein, and Turkey returned after having missed the 1952 Winter Olympics, while Argentina, Denmark, New Zealand, and Portugal did not compete at these Games, after having participated in the previous edition. Athletes from West Germany (FRG) and East Germany (GDR) competed together as the United Team of Germany, an arrangement that would continue for the following two Olympiads.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [22, 43], "content_span": [44, 680]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074304-0007-0000", "contents": "1956 Winter Olympics, Participating nations\nBelow is the list of participating nations, with the number of competitors indicated in brackets:", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [22, 43], "content_span": [44, 141]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074304-0008-0000", "contents": "1956 Winter Olympics, Medal count\nThese are the top ten nations that won medals at the 1956 Winter Olympics:", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [22, 33], "content_span": [34, 108]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074304-0009-0000", "contents": "1956 Winter Olympics, Organization\nThe 1956 Winter Olympics was organised by a committee composed of members of the Italian National Olympic Committee and the Italian government. Observers were sent to the Oslo Games in 1952 to collect information regarding the sports programme, infrastructure, and accommodation requirements. The intelligence gathered there indicated that Cortina's facilities were not up to Olympic standards. The town did not have an ice stadium, or a speed skating rink; the alpine ski runs, ski jump and bobsleigh run were in poor condition. Cortina was a small village, and its infrastructure would be overwhelmed by the crowds expected for the Games.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [22, 34], "content_span": [35, 675]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074304-0009-0001", "contents": "1956 Winter Olympics, Organization\nTo accommodate the influx of people, new roads and rail lines had to be built, and the city's power grid and telephone lines expanded. Enhancements also had to be made to sewer and water capacity. The Italian government supplied Italian lira 460\u00a0million for infrastructure improvements. The Italian Olympic Committee was responsible for funding the rest of the costs of hosting the Games. They did this by setting aside monies from their own budget, ticket sales, and even culling funds from local football betting pools. The organising committee also took the unprecedented step of selling corporate sponsorship. For example, Fiat was designated the official car of the 1956 Winter Olympics, and Olivetti supplied typewriters for the 400 journalists attending the Games.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [22, 34], "content_span": [35, 806]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074304-0010-0000", "contents": "1956 Winter Olympics, Politics\nThe Cold War began after the allied victory in World War II. Until 1952, many of the Communist countries of Eastern Europe had participated in Worker's Olympics or Spartakiads. The Soviet Union emerged from international isolation by eschewing the Spartakiad and participating in the 1952 Summer Olympics in Helsinki; they made their Winter Olympics debut at the Cortina Games.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [22, 30], "content_span": [31, 408]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074304-0010-0001", "contents": "1956 Winter Olympics, Politics\nSoviet general secretary Nikita Khrushchev's aim was to use international sports competitions, such as the Olympics, to demonstrate the superiority of communism, strengthen political ties with other communist countries, and project the Soviet Union as a peace-loving nation actively engaged in the world. The Soviets' participation at the Olympics raised the level of competition as they won the most medals and more gold medals than any other nation. Soviet Olympic team was also notorious for skirting the edge of amateur rules. All Soviet athletes held some nominal jobs, but were in fact state-sponsored and trained full-time.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [22, 30], "content_span": [31, 661]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074304-0010-0002", "contents": "1956 Winter Olympics, Politics\nAccording to many experts, that gave the Soviet Union a huge advantage over the United States and other Western countries, whose athletes were students or real amateurs. The Cortina Games were held before the Hungarian Revolution and subsequent Soviet invasion, and the Suez War, which occurred in the autumn of 1956; the Winter Games escaped the boycotts that plagued the Melbourne Olympics, which were celebrated in November and December of that year.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [22, 30], "content_span": [31, 484]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074304-0011-0000", "contents": "1956 Winter Olympics, Politics, Television\nThe Cortina Games were the first Winter Olympics to be broadcast to a multi-national audience. Television as a mass communication technology was expanding rapidly in the 1950s. In the midst of the Cold War, Europe was a propaganda battlefield as countries relayed television signals across the Iron Curtain. By 1956, countries in the Soviet sphere of influence had achieved a technological advantage and were able to broadcast communist television programmes into Finland, the eastern border regions and more isolated geographic areas of West Germany and Austria, where residents had coverage from an East German broadcast with a pro-communist point-of-view.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [22, 42], "content_span": [43, 701]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074304-0011-0001", "contents": "1956 Winter Olympics, Politics, Television\nMost West Germans watched the 1956 Winter Olympics via Eurovision broadcasts which were relayed all over western Europe including all major West German stations (Eurovision connectivity in 1956) The political ramifications were not the only impact television had these Olympics. The Cortina Games did not generate revenue from television \u2013 the 1960 Winter Olympics in Squaw Valley were the first to do so \u2013 but were an experiment in the feasibility of televising a large multi-sport event. For the first time at an Olympic Games, the venues were built with television in mind. For example, the grand stand at the cross-country ski venue (Lo Stadio della neve) was built facing south so that the television cameras would not be adversely affected by the rising or setting sun.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [22, 42], "content_span": [43, 818]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074304-0012-0000", "contents": "1956 Winter Olympics, Events\nMedals were awarded in 24 events contested in 4 sports (8 disciplines). The programme for the 1956 Winter Games saw two new events added to the four sports and twenty-two events from the 1952 Olympics, namely the men's 30\u00a0kilometre cross-country ski race and the women's 3x5\u00a0kilometre cross-country relay race.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [22, 28], "content_span": [29, 339]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074304-0013-0000", "contents": "1956 Winter Olympics, Events, Opening ceremonies\nThe opening ceremonies took place on Thursday, 26 January 1956 in the Olympic Ice Stadium. Temporary seating was added to boost the stadium's capacity to 14,000 people. Athletes representing 32 nations marched in the ceremony and Mr Giovanni Gronchi, President of the Italian Republic, declared the Games open. At this point, speed skater Guido Caroli skated into the stadium with the Olympic flame. While he was on a circuit of the Ice Stadium he tripped and fell over a television cable; he regained his feet and lit the cauldron.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [22, 48], "content_span": [49, 581]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074304-0013-0001", "contents": "1956 Winter Olympics, Events, Opening ceremonies\nThe Olympic oath was delivered by Giuliana Chenal-Minuzzo; this was the first time a female athlete gave the oath at an Olympic Games. Micha\u0142 Spisak's Olympic Hymn, officially recognised as such at the IOC congress in Paris on 13 June 1955 (declined in 1958 in favor of the Olympic Hymn by Spyridon Samaras), was played for the first time at the Cortina Games.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [22, 48], "content_span": [49, 409]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074304-0014-0000", "contents": "1956 Winter Olympics, Events, Bobsleigh\nThere were two bobsleigh events, the two-man and four-man competitions. Every participating nation was limited to two sleighs in each event. The sleighs made four runs, with the total time summed. The Italians won gold and silver in the two-man event. Switzerland took third place when they passed Spain on the fourth run. In the four-man event held a week later, the Swiss won the gold medal, Italy picked up the silver, and the United States won the bronze. Italy had participated in all six previous Olympic bobsleigh competitions but had never reached the podium.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [22, 39], "content_span": [40, 607]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074304-0014-0001", "contents": "1956 Winter Olympics, Events, Bobsleigh\nItalians Renzo Alver\u00e0 and Eugenio Monti won the silver in the two-man competition and were also on the silver-winning four-man sleigh. Monti's silver medals at the 1956 Games were the first of six Olympic medals he would win in his bobsleigh career. The bobsleigh run at Cortina was eventually renamed the Eugenio Monti track to honour his bobsleigh career. The medals won in bobsleigh would be the host nation's only medals at these Games. One complaint of the bobsleigh events was that the track surface suffered extensive damage due to overuse. This hampered the performance of teams drawn late in the competition.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [22, 39], "content_span": [40, 657]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074304-0015-0000", "contents": "1956 Winter Olympics, Events, Ice hockey\nThe eighth Olympic ice hockey tournament also served as both the European and World Championships. Split into three pools before the tournament, the ten participating nations began by playing each team in their pool in a round robin format. The top two teams from each pool advanced to the final round, with the remaining teams played in a consolation group for 7th through 10th places. Canada, Czechoslovakia, and the Soviet Union took first place in their preliminary pools with undefeated records. Germany, the United States, and Sweden took second place in their pools.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [22, 40], "content_span": [41, 614]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074304-0016-0000", "contents": "1956 Winter Olympics, Events, Ice hockey\nAn important early matchup of the final round was the game between Canada and the United States. The Canadians had never lost to the US in Olympic play prior to that game. In what was considered a tremendous upset, the United States defeated Canada 4\u20131. The Americans, who placed fourth at the 1955 World Ice Hockey Championships and were not expected to medal, then faced the USSR, who won the tournament in 1954 and took silver in 1955 behind Canada, in a game that would eventually make the difference in the gold medal.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [22, 40], "content_span": [41, 564]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074304-0016-0001", "contents": "1956 Winter Olympics, Events, Ice hockey\nThe Soviets overwhelmed the underdogs and won the match 4\u20130. The USSR then played Canada, who still had a chance to win the gold if they defeated the Soviets, and won 2\u20130 despite being dramatically outshot in the first and second periods. The USSR won gold, the United States surprisingly took silver and Canada, with their two losses, earned bronze, their worst result to date in Olympic play.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [22, 40], "content_span": [41, 435]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074304-0017-0000", "contents": "1956 Winter Olympics, Events, Figure skating\nThe Cortina Games were the last Olympics to feature figure skating outdoors. Skaters from the United States won five medals, sweeping the men's event and taking the top two spots in the ladies' event. Tenley Albright was the women's Olympic champion despite sustaining a serious injury in practice. Less than two weeks before the Olympics she was practicing her skating routine when she hit a rut in the ice and fell. Her skate cut through several layers of clothing, and sliced her right leg at the ankle.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [22, 44], "content_span": [45, 551]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074304-0017-0001", "contents": "1956 Winter Olympics, Events, Figure skating\nHer teammate Carol Heiss won the silver, and Austrian Ingrid Wendl earned the bronze medal. Americans Hayes Jenkins, Ronald Robertson, and Jenkins' brother David Jenkins were the men's medallists. The Austrian pair of Sissy Schwarz and Kurt Oppelt took the gold medal in the pairs event. Canadians Frances Dafoe and Norris Bowden won the silver and the Hungarian siblings Marianna Nagy and L\u00e1szl\u00f3 Nagy defended their bronze medal from the 1952 Games.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [22, 44], "content_span": [45, 495]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074304-0018-0000", "contents": "1956 Winter Olympics, Events, Speed skating\nThe Soviet Union dominated the speed skating events by winning seven of the twelve medals, including four golds. Soviet skaters set two world records, an Olympic record, and had at least one medallist in each of the four events. Yevgeny Grishin was the top individual performer, with two gold medals and two world records. Grishin and Soviet teammate Yuri Mikhaylov tied in the 1,500\u00a0metre race. It was decided to award both of the athletes gold medals and leave the silver medal position vacant. Sigvard Ericsson of Sweden earned gold and silver medals and set an Olympic record in the 10,000\u00a0metre event.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [22, 43], "content_span": [44, 650]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074304-0019-0000", "contents": "1956 Winter Olympics, Events, Alpine skiing\nSix alpine skiing events were held, three for men and three for women. The races were the downhill, slalom and giant slalom. Toni Sailer of Austria swept the men's gold medals, becoming the first person to win three alpine skiing golds in a single Olympics. Led by Sailer, the Austrians dominated the alpine skiing events for both men and women, winning nine out of a possible eighteen medals. The Austrians were particularly successful in the giant slalom; the men swept the medals and the women took silver and bronze. Chiharu Igaya won the first Winter Olympics medal for Japan when he placed second in the slalom. Swiss teammates, Madeleine Berthod and Ren\u00e9e Colliard won the women's downhill and slalom races. Germany earned its only gold medal of the Games when Ossi Reichert took first in the giant slalom.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [22, 43], "content_span": [44, 857]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074304-0020-0000", "contents": "1956 Winter Olympics, Events, Cross-country skiing\nTwo women's events were added to the cross-country skiing programme for the first time. The Soviet women took the top two spots in the individual 10\u00a0kilometre race but lost to Finland in the new 3x5\u00a0kilometre relay. The men had a new event as well, the 30\u00a0kilometre race, which was won by Veikko Hakulinen from Finland. The other three men's events were won by three different nations: Norway took the 15\u00a0kilometre race, Sweden the 50\u00a0kilometre event, and the Soviet Union won the relay. Overall the Soviet Union won seven out of a possible eighteen medals in cross-country skiing. Sweden, behind the strong skiing of Sixten Jernberg, won six medals. Jernberg won a gold, two silvers, and a bronze, which were the first of nine Olympic medals he would earn in his cross-country career.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [22, 50], "content_span": [51, 836]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074304-0021-0000", "contents": "1956 Winter Olympics, Events, Nordic combined\nThere were significant changes to the Nordic combined event at the 1956 Games. The event had always been a cross-country race followed by a ski jump. Originally the competitors in the Nordic combined were entered into the open 18\u00a0kilometre cross-country race, which meant that they competed alongside athletes who were dedicated cross-country skiers. Their times were combined with their score from two ski jumps to determine the winner. At the Cortina Games, the format was altered to allow the Nordic combined athletes to compete in a dedicated 15\u00a0kilometre cross-country race.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [22, 45], "content_span": [46, 625]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074304-0021-0001", "contents": "1956 Winter Olympics, Events, Nordic combined\nTwo days later they had three jumps on the ski jump hill. Their best two scores were combined with their cross-country time to determine a winner. This format would become the standard for Nordic combined competitions going forward. Norway continued its dominance of Nordic combined when Sverre Stenersen won the gold medal. Since its inception at the 1924 Games, the country had only lost the Nordic combined event once. Stenersen was followed by Bengt Eriksson of Sweden and Poland's Franciszek G\u0105sienica Gro\u0144.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [22, 45], "content_span": [46, 558]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074304-0022-0000", "contents": "1956 Winter Olympics, Events, Ski jumping\nIn the ski jumping event, the Swiss jumper, Andreas D\u00e4scher introduced a new style of jumping, which would soon come to be known as the D\u00e4scher technique. Before these Games, the athletes would hold their arms forward over their heads. D\u00e4scher reasoned that if the athlete held his arms at his side he would fly farther. Adherents to this new style dominated the competition. Finnish jumpers Antti Hyv\u00e4rinen and Aulis K\u00e4llakorpi took first and second place; Harry Glass of Germany won the bronze medal. This competition marked the end of Norwegian dominance in the sport. Since the first winter Games in 1924, the Norwegians had won the gold medal at each Olympics until 1956. The poor performance of the Norwegian jumpers was attributed to their refusal to use the new jumping technique.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [22, 41], "content_span": [42, 830]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074304-0023-0000", "contents": "1956 Winter Olympics, Events, Closing ceremonies\nThe closing ceremonies took place on Sunday, 5 February in the Olympic Ice Stadium. They were preceded by a figure skating exhibition performed by the men's, women's, and pairs figure skating champions. The flag bearers of each nation then entered the stadium followed by the flags of Greece, Italy, and the United States. These three flags were raised to honor the nation that founded the Olympics, the host nation, and the next country to host the Winter Games. Avery Brundage, President of the International Olympic Committee, declared the Olympics closed, and a fireworks display concluded the Games.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [22, 48], "content_span": [49, 653]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074304-0024-0000", "contents": "1956 Winter Olympics, Calendar\nThe opening ceremony was held on 26 January, along with the first games of the hockey tournament. From 27 January until 5 February, the day of the closing ceremony, at least one event final was held each day.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [22, 30], "content_span": [31, 239]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074304-0025-0000", "contents": "1956 Winter Olympics, Calendar\n\u2020 The numeral indicates the number of event finals for each sport held that day.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [22, 30], "content_span": [31, 111]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074304-0026-0000", "contents": "1956 Winter Olympics, Venues\nA unique feature of the Cortina Olympics was the proximity of many event locations which were in walking distance of each other within the town of Cortina. The speed skating events were held at Lake Misurina, roughly 13\u00a0km (8.1\u00a0mi) from Cortina. The venues featured grandstands heated by silica coils built into the seats. Silica coil heating was a technology that had only recently become economical. The competitions were held without incident except for the skiing events, which suffered from a lack of snow.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [22, 28], "content_span": [29, 540]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074304-0027-0000", "contents": "1956 Winter Olympics, Venues\nA notable venue not found at the 1956 Games was an Olympic Village, where the athletes would be housed. The town of Cortina d'Ampezzo had a population of less than 7,000 people in 1956. Local hotels were concerned that after the Olympics an Olympic Village would so significantly increase the hotel capacity it would put many of them out of business. Athletes were billeted by local families or stayed in hotels during the Games.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [22, 28], "content_span": [29, 458]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074304-0028-0000", "contents": "1956 Winter Olympics, Venues\nThe Olympic Ice Stadium (Stadio Olimpico Del Ghiaccio) was intended to be the focal point of the Games. It was built on the banks of the Boite river just north of Cortina. After new roads and a bridge had been constructed, the stadium was an eight-minute walk from the center of town. The stadium was built to accommodate 6,000\u20137,000 people. Due to space limitations the grandstands were constructed vertically, with tiers built directly on top of each other.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [22, 28], "content_span": [29, 488]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074304-0028-0001", "contents": "1956 Winter Olympics, Venues\nThere were two artificial ice rinks of 30 by 60\u00a0m (98 by 197\u00a0ft), with a total ice surface of 4,320\u00a0m2 (46,500\u00a0sq\u00a0ft). A special cooling plant was built under the stadium, which froze the ice through the evaporation of ammonia. The construction cost totaled ITL 1.3\u00a0billion (US$2.1\u00a0million in 1956), making it the most expensive venue of these Games. The stadium was used for the opening and closing ceremonies, all of the figure skating competitions and select ice hockey events. After the Games, the organising committee made the Ice Stadium a gift to the city of Cortina. It was used as an ice skating rink in the winter and an outdoor gymnasium for judo and gymnastics in the summer.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [22, 28], "content_span": [29, 716]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074304-0029-0000", "contents": "1956 Winter Olympics, Venues\nThe Apollonio Stadium was used for select games of the ice hockey tournament. Considerable work had to be done to bring the stadium up to date. A second rink was added to allow for two games to be held simultaneously. The stadium was outfitted with electric lights and the seating capacity was enlarged to accommodate 2,000 people.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [22, 28], "content_span": [29, 360]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074304-0030-0000", "contents": "1956 Winter Olympics, Venues\nThe bobsleigh run (Pista Olimpica di Bob \u2013 Eugenio Monti), was originally constructed in 1928. The track was rebuilt and expanded several times during the years leading up to the Olympics. A state-of-the-art signal board was installed displaying a diagram of the run with the position of each sleigh on the run shown with lights.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [22, 28], "content_span": [29, 358]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074304-0031-0000", "contents": "1956 Winter Olympics, Venues\nSituated around 2.5\u00a0km (2\u00a0mi) from Cortina, near Zuel, the \"Italia\" Jump (Trampolino Olimpico Italia) was originally built in 1923 as the \"Franchetti\" Jump. After modifications in 1926, the first structure was demolished in 1939 and rebuilt in 1940. With the 1956 Games coming to Cortina, the jump had to be updated again to comply with the technical demands of the Olympics. On 15 April 1955, the \"Franchetti\" Jump was finally demolished and the new \"Italia Jump\" was completed in the same year at a cost of nearly ITL\u00a0310\u00a0million ($500,000).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [22, 28], "content_span": [29, 572]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074304-0031-0001", "contents": "1956 Winter Olympics, Venues\nThe reinforced concrete platform was 54\u00a0m (177\u00a0ft) high, and possessed a 87.5\u00a0m (287\u00a0ft) long, 35\u00b0 steep in-run. Two grandstands, each with a capacity for 3,000 people, were placed on either side of the landing slope; a natural amphitheatre at the bottom of the hill could hold up to 40,000 standing spectators. A special road was built between Cortina and the venue for the transport of athletes, officials and authorities.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [22, 28], "content_span": [29, 453]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074304-0032-0000", "contents": "1956 Winter Olympics, Venues\nThe Snow Stadium (Stadio della neve) was constructed 2\u00a0km (1.2\u00a0mi) from Cortina, and hosted all of the cross-country events. Two grandstands were constructed to accommodate 6,000 people. Three types of cross-country courses were constructed: one of 15\u00a0km (9\u00a0mi), three of 5\u00a0km (3\u00a0mi), and four of 10\u00a0km (6\u00a0mi). Some of these courses went through the bobsleigh run. As a result, a bridge had to be constructed so events occurring in the two venues would not interfere with each other.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [22, 28], "content_span": [29, 512]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074304-0033-0000", "contents": "1956 Winter Olympics, Venues\nThe alpine runs (Le piste alpine) were built on the slopes of Monte Tofana and Monte Faloria in the nearby Dolomite alps. The men's and women's downhill and slalom races were held on Tofana. Faloria was the site of the two giant slalom events. It took nearly two years to complete construction of the runs. In previous years, lack of snow was never an issue, but in the winter of 1956 there was insufficient snowfall for skiers to safely navigate the runs. As a consequence, snow had to be transported from other parts of the mountains by the Italian army.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [22, 28], "content_span": [29, 585]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074304-0034-0000", "contents": "1956 Winter Olympics, Venues\nThe Misurina rink (La pista di Misurina) was the location of the speed skating events. This was the last time that speed skating at the Olympics was held on natural ice. It was 13\u00a0km (8.1\u00a0mi) from Cortina. The rink was established at the northern end of the lake with a mountain backdrop. Stands were constructed to accommodate 8,500 people. Despite the event being held outdoors on lake ice, two world records and two Olympic records were broken during the competition.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [22, 28], "content_span": [29, 499]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074304-0035-0000", "contents": "1956 Winter Olympics, Venues\nThree of the venues for these games (the bobsleigh run, indoor arena, and ski jump) would serve as film location for the 1981 James Bond film For Your Eyes Only.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [22, 28], "content_span": [29, 190]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074305-0000-0000", "contents": "1956 Winter Olympics medal table\nThis is the full medal table of the 1956 Winter Olympics, which were held in Cortina d'Ampezzo, Italy. These rankings sort by the number of gold medals earned by a country. The number of silvers is taken into consideration next and then the number of bronze. If, after the above, countries are still tied, equal ranking is given and they are listed alphabetically. This follows the system used by the IOC, IAAF and BBC. Poland, and Japan won their first Winter Olympic Medal at these games. Japan's medal was also the first Winter Olympics Medal for an Asian nation.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [32, 32], "content_span": [33, 599]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074305-0001-0000", "contents": "1956 Winter Olympics medal table\nThe Soviet Union, in their first Winter Olympics, won more gold and total medals than any other nation. USSR's investment in elite sports would lead to their domination of the Olympics for the next three decades, as the Soviets would top the Winter Games from 1956 to 1988 with the exception of 1968, 1980 and 1984.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [32, 32], "content_span": [33, 348]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074306-0000-0000", "contents": "1956 Wisconsin Badgers football team\nThe 1956 Wisconsin Badgers football team was an American football team that represented the University of Wisconsin in the 1956 Big Ten Conference football season. In their first season under head coach Milt Bruhn, the Baders compiled a 1\u20135\u20133 record and 0\u20134\u20133 against Big Ten Conference opponents.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [36, 36], "content_span": [37, 334]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074306-0001-0000", "contents": "1956 Wisconsin Badgers football team\nThe team's statistical leaders included Richard Simonson with 219 passing yards, Danny Lewis with 554 rushing yards, and Dave Howard with 247 receiving yards. Dave Howard was selected as the team's most valuable player.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [36, 36], "content_span": [37, 256]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074306-0002-0000", "contents": "1956 Wisconsin Badgers football team, Preseason\nIn December 1955, Wisconsin head coach Ivy Williamson was promoted to athletic director. He appointed Milt Bruhn as the school's new head football coach. Bruhn had been a lineman on Minnesota's undefeated 1934 and 1935 national championship teams and had been Wisconsin's line coach since 1949.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 47], "content_span": [48, 342]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074306-0003-0000", "contents": "1956 Wisconsin Badgers football team, Game summaries\nOn September 29, 1956, Wisconsin defeated Marquette, 41\u20130, before a crowd of 52,700 at Camp Randall Stadium in Madison, Wisconsin. Wisconsin totaled 441 rushing yards to 43 for Marquette.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 52], "content_span": [53, 240]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074306-0004-0000", "contents": "1956 Wisconsin Badgers football team, Game summaries\nOn October 6, USC defeated Wisconsin, 13\u20136, before a crowd of 52,979 at Camp Randall Stadium in Madison. USC's All-American halfback Jon Arnett rushed for 182 yards on 25 carries.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 52], "content_span": [53, 232]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074306-0005-0000", "contents": "1956 Wisconsin Badgers football team, Game summaries\nOn October 13, Iowa defeated Wisconsin, 13\u20137, before a crowd of 53,273 at Iowa Stadium. With only a minute remaining in the first half, Iowa drove 84 yards, running eight plays in 59 seconds and scoring on a pitchout from Ken Ploen to Mike Hagler. Iowa scored again on the first drive of the second half on a short run by Ploen, taking a 13\u20130 lead.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 52], "content_span": [53, 401]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074306-0006-0000", "contents": "1956 Wisconsin Badgers football team, Game summaries\nOn October 20, Purdue and Wisconsin played to a 6\u20136 tie before a Dad's Day crowd of 53,094 at Camp Randall Stadium in Madison. Danny Lewis ran 30 yards for a Wisconsin touchdown in the first quarter, and Len Dawson threw a touchdown pass to Lamar Lundy in the second quarter. Neither team converted its extra point.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 52], "content_span": [53, 368]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074306-0007-0000", "contents": "1956 Wisconsin Badgers football team, Game summaries\nOn October 27, Ohio State defeated Wisconsin, 21\u20130, before a crowd of 82,661 at Ohio Stadium in Columbus. The victory was Ohio State's 16th in a row against a Big Ten opponent, tying a conference opponent.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 52], "content_span": [53, 258]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074306-0008-0000", "contents": "1956 Wisconsin Badgers football team, Game summaries\nOn November 3, Michigan State (ranked No. 4 in the AP Poll) defeated Wisconsin, 33\u20130, before a crowd of 53,647 at Macklin Stadium in East Lansing. Michigan State totaled 352 rushing yards and 168 passing yards. The result was Wisconsin's worst defeat since 1949.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 52], "content_span": [53, 315]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074306-0009-0000", "contents": "1956 Wisconsin Badgers football team, Game summaries\nOn November 10, Northwestern defeated Wisconsin, 17\u20137, before a homecoming crowd of 54,645 spectators at Camp Randall Stadium in Madison. The attendance was the highest in the history of Camp Randall Stadium to that point. Northwestern's first touchdown of the game was scored by center Ted Ringer when he recovered a loose ball in the end zone following a fumble by teammate Wilmer Fowler. The outcome was Northwestern's first conference victory under Ara Parseghian.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 52], "content_span": [53, 521]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074306-0010-0000", "contents": "1956 Wisconsin Badgers football team, Game summaries\nOn November 17, Illinois and Wisconsin played to a 13\u201313 tie before a crowd of 52,858 at Memorial Stadium in Champaign. Illinois led 13\u20136 at halftime. With slightly more than three minutes left in the game, Wisconsin end Sidney Williams threw a 34-yard pass to Danny Lewis on the nine-yard line, setting up a touchdown run on the next play. Williams' pass was his first of the season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 52], "content_span": [53, 437]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074306-0011-0000", "contents": "1956 Wisconsin Badgers football team, Game summaries\nOn November 24, in the annual battle for Paul Bunyan's Axe, Minnesota (ranked No. 7 in the AP Poll) and Wisconsin played to a 13\u201313 tie before a crowd of 54,149 at Camp Randall Stadium in Madison. On the final play of the game, Wisconsin's Jon Hobbs missed his third field goal attempt of the game. Wisconsin finished the season without a conference win for the first time since 1939.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 52], "content_span": [53, 437]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074306-0012-0000", "contents": "1956 Wisconsin Badgers football team, 1957 NFL Draft\nThe following Wisconsin players were selected in the 1957 NFL Draft:", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 52], "content_span": [53, 121]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074307-0000-0000", "contents": "1956 Wisconsin gubernatorial election\nThe 1956 Wisconsin gubernatorial election was held on November 6, 1956. Republican nominee Vernon Wallace Thomson defeated Democratic nominee William Proxmire with 51.89% of the vote.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [37, 37], "content_span": [38, 221]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074308-0000-0000", "contents": "1956 Wis\u0142a Krak\u00f3w season\nThe 1956 season was Wis\u0142a Krak\u00f3w's 48th year as a club.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [24, 24], "content_span": [25, 80]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074309-0000-0000", "contents": "1956 Women's British Open Squash Championship\nThe 1956 Ladies Open Championships was held at the Lansdowne Club in London from 20\u201326 February 1956. Janet Morgan won her seventh consecutive title defeating Sheila Speight in the final.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 45], "section_span": [45, 45], "content_span": [46, 233]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074310-0000-0000", "contents": "1956 Women's Western Open\nThe 1956 Women's Western Open was contested from June 28 to July 1 at Wakonda Country Club. It was the 27th edition of the Women's Western Open.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [25, 25], "content_span": [26, 170]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074311-0000-0000", "contents": "1956 World Fencing Championships\nThe 1956 World Fencing Championships were held in London, England, United Kingdom. The championships were for non-Olympic events only.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [32, 32], "content_span": [33, 167]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074312-0000-0000", "contents": "1956 World Figure Skating Championships\nThe World Figure Skating Championships is an annual figure skating competition sanctioned by the International Skating Union in which figure skaters compete for the title of World Champion.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [39, 39], "content_span": [40, 229]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074312-0001-0000", "contents": "1956 World Figure Skating Championships\nThe 1956 competitions for men, ladies, pair skating, and ice dancing took place from February 16 to 19 in Garmisch-Partenkirchen, West Germany.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [39, 39], "content_span": [40, 183]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074313-0000-0000", "contents": "1956 World Judo Championships\nThe 1956 World Judo Championships were the 1st edition of the Men's World Judo Championships, and were held at the Kuramae Kokugikan in Tokyo, Japan on 3 May, 1956.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [29, 29], "content_span": [30, 194]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074314-0000-0000", "contents": "1956 World Professional Match-play Championship\nThe 1956 World Professional Match-play Championship was a  snooker tournament that took place from 9 January to 10 March 1956 with the final being held at the Tower Circus in Blackpool, England from 5 to 10 March. Fred Davis won his eighth and last world snooker title by defeating John Pulman by 38 frames to 35 in the final. Pulamn led 31\u201329 going into the last day of the final on 10 March, but Davis won 8 of the first 10 frames on that day to take a winning lead of 37\u201333. The event, organised by the Professional Billiards Players' Association, is now recognised as an edition of the World Snooker Championship.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 47], "section_span": [47, 47], "content_span": [48, 665]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074314-0001-0000", "contents": "1956 World Professional Match-play Championship\nThere were four participants. Rex Williams made the highest break of the tournament with 141, a championship record, in frame 48 of his semi-final match against Fred Davis in Aston. Pulman defeated Jackie Rea in the other semi-final, which was held in Belfast.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 47], "section_span": [47, 47], "content_span": [48, 308]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074314-0002-0000", "contents": "1956 World Professional Match-play Championship, Background\nThe World Snooker Championship is a professional tournament and the official world championship of the game of snooker. The sport was developed in the late 19th century by British Army soldiers stationed in India. Professional English billiards player and billiard hall manager Joe Davis noticed the increasing popularity of snooker compared to billiards in the 1920s, and with Birmingham-based billiards equipment manager Bill Camkin, persuaded the Billiards Association and Control Council (BACC) to recognise an official professional snooker championship in the 1926\u201327 season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 47], "section_span": [49, 59], "content_span": [60, 640]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074314-0002-0001", "contents": "1956 World Professional Match-play Championship, Background\nIn 1927, the final of the first professional snooker championship was held at Camkin's Hall; Davis won the tournament by beating Tom Dennis in the final. The annual competition was not titled the World Championship until 1935, but the 1927 tournament is now referred to as the first World Snooker Championship. Davis also won the title each year until 1940, when the contest was cancelled during World War II, and again when the championship resumed in 1946, accumulating a total of 15 titles before retiring from the event.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 47], "section_span": [49, 59], "content_span": [60, 584]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074314-0003-0000", "contents": "1956 World Professional Match-play Championship, Background\nIn 1952, the World Professional Match-play Championship was created following a dispute between the Professional Billiards Players' Association (PBPA) and the BACC.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 47], "section_span": [49, 59], "content_span": [60, 224]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074314-0003-0001", "contents": "1956 World Professional Match-play Championship, Background\nIn response to player complaints that the BACC was taking too large a percentage of income from the tournament, the BACC claimed that the championship \"has always been, and in theory is to be, regarded as an affair of honour and a test of merit\", and that \"every effort is made to arrange terms advantageous to the professionals competing in the championship, compatible with securing an equitable return for the promoters of it, the B.A.& C.C.\" The PBPA members established an alternative competition which became known as the World Professional Match-play Championship, now recognised as world championships.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 47], "section_span": [49, 59], "content_span": [60, 670]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074314-0003-0002", "contents": "1956 World Professional Match-play Championship, Background\nThere were four entrants for the 1956 World Professional Match-play Championship: John Pulman, Jackie Rea, Rex Williams, and Fred Davis, who had won the world championship in 1948, 1949 and 1951, and the four previous editions of the World Professional Match-play Championship, each year from 1952 to 1955. Joe Davis and Walter Donaldson played in the 1955/1956 News of the World Snooker Tournament, that took place from October 1955 to February 1956, but did not enter the Match-play Championship.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 47], "section_span": [49, 59], "content_span": [60, 558]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074314-0004-0000", "contents": "1956 World Professional Match-play Championship, Summary\nJohn Pulman and Jackie Rea played in the first semi-final, at the R.A.O.B. Club, Belfast, from 9 to 13 January 1956. Pulman won the first three frames, making a 55 break in the second frame and a 70 in the third frame. He finished the first session 4\u20132 ahead, and led 7\u20135 at the end of the first day. Each player won three frames in the second day's afternoon session. Rea added the first of the evening, before Pulman took four consecutive frames to lead 14\u20139, compiling a break of 87 in the process.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 47], "section_span": [49, 56], "content_span": [57, 558]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074314-0004-0001", "contents": "1956 World Professional Match-play Championship, Summary\nRea made a break of 89 in winning the 24th frame. Pulman extended his lead to six frames by winning the first two of the third day, and was still six ahead at 18\u201312 by the session's conclusion, and his lead over the evening to eight frames, at 22\u201314. On the fourth day, Pulman won seven of the twelve frames to lead 29\u201319, including four of the six in the afternoon session. The correspondent for the Northern Whig commented that \"the snooker was not of very good quality ... Pulman impressed as the more consistent player of the two. Rea being far too impetuous at times and breaking down when he should have scored from good positions.\" Pulman secured victory at 31\u201325 after winning the second and third frames on the final day, and finished 36\u201325 ahead after dead frames were played.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 47], "section_span": [49, 56], "content_span": [57, 843]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074314-0005-0000", "contents": "1956 World Professional Match-play Championship, Summary\nThe second semi-final, between Fred Davis and Rex Williams, was staged from 23 to 27 January at the Holte Hotel, Aston. Williams took the first frame, and, after Davis had won the second, moved into a 3\u20131 lead. A break of 90 from Davis reduced the deficit to one frame, and the match was level when Davis added the sixth frame.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 47], "section_span": [49, 56], "content_span": [57, 384]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074314-0005-0001", "contents": "1956 World Professional Match-play Championship, Summary\nIn the second session, Davis compiled a break of 102 in the seventh frame of the match, and won the following five frames for a 9\u20133 lead at the end of the first day.<></ref> The players each won three frames on the second afternoon, and also on the second evening, leaving Davis 15\u20139 ahead. The day's highest break was a 54 made by Davis in frame fifteen, but Williams won that frame by 82 points to 54.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 47], "section_span": [49, 56], "content_span": [57, 460]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074314-0005-0002", "contents": "1956 World Professional Match-play Championship, Summary\nDavis opened up an 11-frame lead by taking the first five frames on day three, and extended this to twelve at 24\u201312 by the end of the day, having made a 104 break in the evening session. His lead was increased to 14 frames by adding the first two frames of the fourth day, before Williams reduced the gap to ten frames at 19\u201329, compiling a 141 break in the 48th frame. This stood as the highest break ever recorded in a version of the world snooker championship, until it was bettered by one point by Williams in 1965. On the last day, Williams took four of the first five frames, but Davis achieved a winning margin at 31\u201323. Following the dead frames played, the score was 35\u201326.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 47], "section_span": [49, 56], "content_span": [57, 739]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074314-0006-0000", "contents": "1956 World Professional Match-play Championship, Summary\nThe final was over 73 frames, and was played from 5 to 10 March at the Tower Circus, Blackpool. Davis won the opening frame and took a 4\u20132 lead during the afternoon session, making a break of 96 in the fourth frame. Pulman, who compiled a break of 85 in the ninth frame, led 7\u20135 after the opening day. After the second afternoon session, the players were level at 9\u20139, Davis having compiled a 104 break in the 18th frame.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 47], "section_span": [49, 56], "content_span": [57, 478]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074314-0006-0001", "contents": "1956 World Professional Match-play Championship, Summary\nDavis won the first frame on the second evening, but Pulman then claimed five consecutive frames to lead 14\u201310 after the second day. Davis reduced his deficit to two frames at 19\u201317 after the third day, during which he made his second century break of the final, a 102, in the afternoon session.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 47], "section_span": [49, 56], "content_span": [57, 352]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074314-0007-0000", "contents": "1956 World Professional Match-play Championship, Summary\nPulman won four of the six frames on the fourth afternoon, to lead 23\u201319. In the evening, Davis took the first three frames and the fifth frame, leaving Pulman 25\u201323 ahead. The following day, the scores were level at both 25\u201325 and 27\u201327. Pulman constructed a 104 break in the fourth frame of the afternoon. He won four of the six evening frames, to take a 31\u201329 lead into the last day. On the sixth day, Davis won five of the six frames in the afternoon session to lead 34\u201332. He then added three of the first four frames in the evening to achieve a winning margin at 37\u201333. After dead frames, the final score was 38\u201335.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 47], "section_span": [49, 56], "content_span": [57, 678]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074314-0008-0000", "contents": "1956 World Professional Match-play Championship, Summary\nAccording to authors Luke Williams and Paul Gadsby, \"It was, Pulman admitted, the bitterest disappointment of his career.\" Snooker commentor Ted Lowe wrote in 1984 that Pulman \"looked like a winner ... when leading 31\u201329 at the start of the final day but experience told and Fred ended up champion\". In 2012, snooker historian Clive Everton claimed that Pulman \"in retrospect believed that it had done him no good to spend two hours in bed with the daughter of a snooker dignitary just prior to the resumption of play [on the last day]\". It was the last of eight world snooker titles won by Davis, who chose not to enter the 1957 World Professional Match-play Championship.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 47], "section_span": [49, 56], "content_span": [57, 730]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074314-0009-0000", "contents": "1956 World Professional Match-play Championship, Main draw\nMatch results are shown below. Winning players and scores are denoted in bold text.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 47], "section_span": [49, 58], "content_span": [59, 142]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074315-0000-0000", "contents": "1956 World Series\nThe 1956 World Series of Major League Baseball was played between the New York Yankees of the American League and the defending champion Brooklyn Dodgers of the National League in October 1956. The Series was a rematch of the 1955 World Series. It was the last all-New York City Series until 44 years later in 2000, as the Dodgers and the New York Giants moved to California after the 1957 season. Additionally, it was the last time a New York team represented the National League until 1969 when the New York Mets defeated the Baltimore Orioles in five games.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [17, 17], "content_span": [18, 578]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074315-0001-0000", "contents": "1956 World Series\nThe Yankees won the Series in seven games, capturing their 17th championship. Brooklyn won Games 1 and 2, but New York pitchers threw five consecutive complete games (Games 3\u20137) to cap off the comeback. The highlight was Don Larsen's perfect game in Game 5. Larsen was named the Series MVP for his achievement. The Dodgers scored 19 runs in the first two games, but only six in the remaining five games, with just one in the final three games.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [17, 17], "content_span": [18, 461]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074315-0002-0000", "contents": "1956 World Series\nThis was the last World Series to date not to have scheduled off days (although Game\u00a02 was postponed a day due to rain).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [17, 17], "content_span": [18, 138]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074315-0003-0000", "contents": "1956 World Series\nAs of March 2020, four original television broadcasts from this Series (Game 2 partial, Games 3 and 5, Game 7 partial) had been released on DVD.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [17, 17], "content_span": [18, 162]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074315-0004-0000", "contents": "1956 World Series, Summary\nAL New York Yankees (4) vs. NL Brooklyn Dodgers (3)", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 26], "content_span": [27, 78]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074315-0005-0000", "contents": "1956 World Series, Matchups, Game 1\nThree batters into the game, the Yankees led 2\u20130 on a Mickey Mantle home run. Brooklyn struck back with a Jackie Robinson homer in the second inning and a three-run Gil Hodges shot in the third, then won behind Sal Maglie's complete game.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 35], "content_span": [36, 274]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074315-0006-0000", "contents": "1956 World Series, Matchups, Game 2\nNeither starting pitcher survived the second inning, Don Newcombe giving up a Yogi Berra grand slam, and Don Larsen giving up four unearned runs. Little-known pitcher Don Bessent worked the final seven innings for the win.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 35], "content_span": [36, 258]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074315-0007-0000", "contents": "1956 World Series, Matchups, Game 2\nGame 2 set a number of peculiar records in World Series history, which are either matched or comparable with similar World Series records and performances, in limited instances:", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 35], "content_span": [36, 213]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074315-0008-0000", "contents": "1956 World Series, Matchups, Game 3\nWhitey Ford pitched a complete game, scattering eight hits, and got the support he needed from an Enos Slaughter three-run homer in the sixth that gave the Yankees a 4\u20132 lead; they never trailed in the game afterwards.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 35], "content_span": [36, 254]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074315-0009-0000", "contents": "1956 World Series, Matchups, Game 4\nHank Bauer's two-run homer in the seventh off Don Drysdale, pitching in relief, put the game away for the Yankees, who got a complete-game six-hitter from Tom Sturdivant. Mantle hit a home run off Ed Roebuck in the previous inning.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 35], "content_span": [36, 267]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074315-0010-0000", "contents": "1956 World Series, Matchups, Game 5\nIn Game 5, Don Larsen, dislaying an unusual \"no-windup\" style and \"working the curveball beautifully\", pitched the only postseason perfect game, and the only postseason no-hitter until 2010. While striking out seven Dodgers, Larsen had only one at-bat reach a three-ball count (against Pee Wee Reese, in the first inning).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 35], "content_span": [36, 358]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074315-0011-0000", "contents": "1956 World Series, Matchups, Game 5\nOf several close moments, the best remembered is Gil Hodges' fifth-inning line drive toward Yankee Stadium's famed \"Death Valley\" in left-center, snared by center fielder Mickey Mantle with a spectacular running catch. In addition to that, Yankees fielders had to record three more lineouts, and shortstop Gil McDougald had to make a play on a ball that caromed off third baseman Andy Carey\u2019s glove.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 35], "content_span": [36, 435]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074315-0012-0000", "contents": "1956 World Series, Matchups, Game 5\nBrooklyn's Sal Maglie gave up only two runs on five hits and was perfect himself until a fourth-inning home run by Mantle broke the scoreless tie. The Yankees added an insurance run in the sixth as Hank Bauer's single scored Carey, who had opened the inning with a single and was sacrificed to second by Larsen.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 35], "content_span": [36, 347]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074315-0013-0000", "contents": "1956 World Series, Matchups, Game 5\nThe final out of the game came on a called third strike against Dale Mitchell and generated one of the most iconic images in sports history, when catcher Yogi Berra leaped into Larsen's arms.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 35], "content_span": [36, 227]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074315-0014-0000", "contents": "1956 World Series, Matchups, Game 5\nA reporter asked Yankees manager Casey Stengel if this was the best game Larsen had ever pitched. Stengel diplomatically answered, \"So far!\" For Larsen, this was an especially satisfying performance, as he had acquired perhaps a better reputation as a night owl than as a pitcher. Stengel once said of Larsen, \"The only thing he fears is sleep!\" Larsen's perfect game was also the last game that umpire Babe Pinelli called behind the plate.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 35], "content_span": [36, 476]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074315-0015-0000", "contents": "1956 World Series, Matchups, Game 5\nSports cartoonist Willard Mullin drew an illustration of a happy Larsen painting a canvas titled The Perfect Game, observed by Mullin's classic \"Brooklyn Bum.\" Referencing the old saw \"I don't know much about art, but I know what I like\", the disgusted-looking Bum came up with a variation: \"I don't care if it is art\u2014I don't like it!\"", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 35], "content_span": [36, 371]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074315-0016-0000", "contents": "1956 World Series, Matchups, Game 5\nBrooklyn starter Sal Maglie appeared on the game show What's My Line? the night before the game, with former Yankee Phil Rizzuto as one of the panel members.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 35], "content_span": [36, 193]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074315-0017-0000", "contents": "1956 World Series, Matchups, Game 6\nIn a 10-inning scoreless pitching duel with both starters going all the way, Jackie Robinson's walk-off single to left in the bottom of the 10th won the game for Clem Labine and kept the Dodgers' championship hopes alive. Tough-luck loser Bob Turley gave up a 10th-inning walk to Jim Gilliam, a sacrifice bunt by Pee Wee Reese and intentional pass to Duke Snider before the decisive hit. Game 6 is one of only three games in World Series history to be scoreless through nine innings, the others being Game 2 in 1913 and Game 7 in 1991.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 35], "content_span": [36, 571]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074315-0018-0000", "contents": "1956 World Series, Matchups, Game 7\nYogi Berra's two homers led New York to an unexpectedly easy 9\u20130 title-clinching victory. Yankee pitcher Johnny Kucks struck out Jackie Robinson to end the Series. It would be Robinson's final at-bat, as he retired at the season's end.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 35], "content_span": [36, 271]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074315-0019-0000", "contents": "1956 World Series, Matchups, Game 7\nAfter belting the Yankee pitching staff for 19 runs and 21 hits in the first two games, the Dodger bats went silent in the next five games, scoring only six runs on 21 hits, batting only .142 (21\u2013for\u2013148). New York outscored Brooklyn 22\u20136 in Games 3\u20137, the Yankees winning their 17th World Series.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 35], "content_span": [36, 333]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074315-0020-0000", "contents": "1956 World Series, Composite line score\n1956 World Series (4\u20133): New York Yankees (A.L.) over Brooklyn Dodgers (N.L.)", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 39], "content_span": [40, 117]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074315-0021-0000", "contents": "1956 World Series, Broadcasting\nNBC televised the Series, with announcers Mel Allen (for the Yankees) and Vin Scully (for the Dodgers). In 2006, it was announced that a nearly-complete kinescope recording of the Game 5 telecast (featuring Larsen's perfect game) had been preserved and discovered by a collector. That kinescope recording aired during the MLB Network's first night on the air on January 1, 2009, supplemented with an interview of both Larsen and Yogi Berra by Bob Costas. The first inning of the telecast is still considered lost and was not aired by the MLB Network or included in a subsequent DVD release of the game.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 31], "content_span": [32, 634]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074315-0022-0000", "contents": "1956 World Series, Broadcasting\nThe Mutual network aired the Series on radio, with Bob Wolff and Bob Neal announcing. This was the final World Series broadcast for Mutual, which had covered the event since 1935; NBC's radio network would gain exclusive national rights to baseball the following season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 31], "content_span": [32, 302]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074316-0000-0000", "contents": "1956 World Sportscar Championship\nThe 1956 World Sportscar Championship was the fourth annual FIA World Sportscar Championship. It was a contested by sportscars over a series of five races from 29 January to 12 August 1956.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [33, 33], "content_span": [34, 223]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074316-0001-0000", "contents": "1956 World Sportscar Championship\nFollowing the major accident at the 1955 24 Hours of Le Mans that killed 80 spectators, 1955 champions Mercedes-Benz officially withdrew from motorsports and thus did not defend their title. This led to the fewest factory-backed competitors for many years.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [33, 33], "content_span": [34, 290]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074316-0002-0000", "contents": "1956 World Sportscar Championship, Championship summary\nThe 1956 World Sports Car Championship was ultimately contested over five races. While much of the controversy surrounding the tragedy at Le Mans had subsided by January 1956, those in the international racing community were still contending with the fallout. The organisers of the 24 Heures du Mans introduced regulations reducing the maximum engine capacity for prototype cars to 2.5 litres, which caused the race to lose championship status, but would return to the championship in 1957. Both the RAC Tourist Trophy and Carrera Panamericana were given championship status, but neither was run amid safety concerns.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 55], "content_span": [56, 673]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074316-0002-0001", "contents": "1956 World Sportscar Championship, Championship summary\nThe RAC Tourist Trophy would never return to the Dundrod Circuit, and the Carrera Panamericana, the 1955 edition also cancelled, in spite of many attempts would never return. Returning to the championship was the 1000 km N\u00fcrburgring after being cancelled in 1955. Since championship regulations required at least five qualifying events actually be held, since Le Mans no longer qualified, and the Tourist Trophy and Carrera Panamericana cancelled, the Sveriges Grand Prix was upgraded to championship status in recognition of a successful race in 1955.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 55], "content_span": [56, 608]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074316-0003-0000", "contents": "1956 World Sportscar Championship, Championship summary\nThe championship remained as a contest for manufacturers, with the factory teams of Scuderia Ferrari, Maserati, Aston Martin and Jaguar leading the way. As in previous seasons, the majority of the fields were made up of amateur or gentlemen drivers, often racing against professional racing drivers with experience in Formula One.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 55], "content_span": [56, 386]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074316-0004-0000", "contents": "1956 World Sportscar Championship, Championship summary\nFor Ferrari's assault on the 1956 championship, they settled on using virtually identical four- and twelve-cylinder-engined machines. Both cars shared exactly the same chassis and similarly styling. Carrozzeria Scaglietti built the aluminum bodies for both. The more successful of the two was the V12-engined 290 MM, which was driven to a debut victory in the Mille Miglia by Eugenio Castellotti. In the season finale, Phil Hill and Maurice Trintignant added a second win to the 290 MM's tally in only its third major race.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 55], "content_span": [56, 579]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074316-0004-0001", "contents": "1956 World Sportscar Championship, Championship summary\nThe sister 860 Monza had an equally impressive first outing, with a one-two victory in the Florida International Grand Prix of Endurance. During the remainder of the season, the big fours supported Ferrari's chase for the championship with valuable podium finishes. With three very convincing wins in the five rounds, Ferrari were crowned World Champions at the end of the season. For the third time in four seasons, the title had gone to Maranello.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 55], "content_span": [56, 505]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074316-0005-0000", "contents": "1956 World Sportscar Championship, Championship summary\nFerrari's chief rivals, Maserati hired Stirling Moss for the season, and prepared a works team for all the rounds of the championship. At the opening round, the 1000 km Buenos Aires, the factory efforts paid off, when all the large 4.0-litre Ferraris suffered mechanical problems, and Moss and local hero, Carlos Mendit\u00e9guy took overall victory, in a 300S. For the next rounds at Sebring and the Mille Miglia, Maserati prepared the 350S. The cars were on pace but succumbed to the competition.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 55], "content_span": [56, 549]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074316-0005-0001", "contents": "1956 World Sportscar Championship, Championship summary\nThe Internationales ADAC 1000 Kilometer Rennen auf dem N\u00fcrburgring changed this when Moss and Jean Behra took over a second car and drove it to victory. The championship ended at the Sveriges Grand Prix and Maserati had high hopes to gain enough points to win over Ferrari. Despite bringing five cars, all the Maseratis retired, leaving Ferrari to take all the top five places and the championship.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 55], "content_span": [56, 454]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074316-0006-0000", "contents": "1956 World Sportscar Championship, Points system\nChampionship points were awarded for the first six places in each race in the order of 8-6-4-3-2-1. The best result per marque at each race counted. Only the best 3 results out of the 5 races could be retained.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 48], "content_span": [49, 259]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074316-0007-0000", "contents": "1956 World Sportscar Championship, The cars\nThe following models contributed to the net championship point scores of their respective makes.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 43], "content_span": [44, 140]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074317-0000-0000", "contents": "1956 World Table Tennis Championships\nThe 1956 World Table Tennis Championships were held in Tokyo from April 2 to April 11, 1956.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [37, 37], "content_span": [38, 130]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074318-0000-0000", "contents": "1956 World Table Tennis Championships \u2013 Men's Doubles\nThe 1956 World Table Tennis Championships \u2013 Men's Doubles was the 23rd edition of the men's doubles championship. Ichiro Ogimura and Yoshio Tomita won the title after defeating Ivan Andreadis and Ladislav \u0160t\u00edpek in the final by three sets to nil.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 53], "section_span": [53, 53], "content_span": [54, 300]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074319-0000-0000", "contents": "1956 World Table Tennis Championships \u2013 Men's Singles\nThe 1956 World Table Tennis Championships \u2013 Men's Singles was the 23rd edition of the men's singles championship.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 53], "section_span": [53, 53], "content_span": [54, 167]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074319-0001-0000", "contents": "1956 World Table Tennis Championships \u2013 Men's Singles\nIchiro Ogimura defeated Toshiaki Tanaka in the final, winning three sets to two to secure the title.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 53], "section_span": [53, 53], "content_span": [54, 154]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074320-0000-0000", "contents": "1956 World Table Tennis Championships \u2013 Men's Team\nThe 1956 World Table Tennis Championships \u2013 Swaythling Cup (Men's Team) was the 23rd edition of the men's team championship.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 50], "section_span": [50, 50], "content_span": [51, 175]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074320-0001-0000", "contents": "1956 World Table Tennis Championships \u2013 Men's Team\nJapan won the gold medal defeating Czechoslovakia 5-1 in the final. China and Romania won bronze medals after finishing second in their respective groups.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 50], "section_span": [50, 50], "content_span": [51, 205]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074321-0000-0000", "contents": "1956 World Table Tennis Championships \u2013 Mixed Doubles\nThe 1956 World Table Tennis Championships \u2013 Mixed Doubles was the 23rd edition of the mixed doubles championship.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 53], "section_span": [53, 53], "content_span": [54, 167]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074321-0001-0000", "contents": "1956 World Table Tennis Championships \u2013 Mixed Doubles\nErwin Klein and Leah Neuberger defeated Ivan Andreadis and Ann Haydon in the final by three sets to two.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 53], "section_span": [53, 53], "content_span": [54, 158]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074322-0000-0000", "contents": "1956 World Table Tennis Championships \u2013 Women's Doubles\nThe 1956 World Table Tennis Championships \u2013 Women's Doubles was the 22nd edition of the women's doubles championship. Ella Zeller and Angelica Rozeanu defeated Kiiko Watanabe and Fujie Eguchi in the final by three sets to two.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 55], "section_span": [55, 55], "content_span": [56, 282]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074323-0000-0000", "contents": "1956 World Table Tennis Championships \u2013 Women's Singles\nThe 1956 World Table Tennis Championships \u2013 Women's Singles was the 23rd edition of the women's singles championship. Tomi Okawa defeated Kiiko Watanabe in the final by three sets to two, to win the title.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 55], "section_span": [55, 55], "content_span": [56, 261]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074324-0000-0000", "contents": "1956 World Table Tennis Championships \u2013 Women's Team\nThe 1956 World Table Tennis Championships \u2013 Corbillon Cup (Women's Team) was the 16th edition of the women's team championship.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 52], "section_span": [52, 52], "content_span": [53, 180]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074324-0001-0000", "contents": "1956 World Table Tennis Championships \u2013 Women's Team\nRomania won the gold medal with a perfect 7-0 match record, England won the silver medal and Japan won the bronze medal.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 52], "section_span": [52, 52], "content_span": [53, 173]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074325-0000-0000", "contents": "1956 Wrestling World Cup\nThe 1956 Wrestling World Cup was held on May 25\u201331 in Istanbul, Turkey, at the Mithatpa\u015fa Stadium, under the auspices of FILA. The attendance of the event was around 20 thousand spectators at the stadium. Freestyle wrestling competition was held from May 25 to May 27, 61 wrestlers from 12 countries participated in the freestyle event. Greco-Roman wrestling competition was held from May 29 to May 31, 89 wrestlers from 16 countries participated in the Greco-Roman event.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [24, 24], "content_span": [25, 497]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074325-0000-0001", "contents": "1956 Wrestling World Cup\nThe team victory in the freestyle event was won by the Turkish National Team, which scored 44 points out of 48 possible, followed by the USSR National Team. The team victory in the Greco-Roman event was won by the USSR team, which scored 39 points. The overall team victory was won by the Soviet Union, therefore the USSR National Team won the World Cup.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [24, 24], "content_span": [25, 379]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074325-0001-0000", "contents": "1956 Wrestling World Cup, Participating teams\nThe competition was attended by teams of the following states and independent territories: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Egypt, Finland, France, West Germany, Hungary, Iran, Italy, Japan, Lebanon, Netherlands, Pakistan, Poland, Romania, Saarland, Soviet Union, Switzerland, Syria, Turkey, United Arab Emirates, United Kingdom, Yemen, Yugoslavia. The United States didn't have a team in competition.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 45], "content_span": [46, 442]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074326-0000-0000", "contents": "1956 Wyoming Cowboys baseball team\nThe 1956 Wyoming Cowboys baseball team represented the University of Wyoming in the 1956 NCAA baseball season. The Cowboys played their home games at Cowboy Field. The team was coached by Bud Daniel in his 6th year as head coach at Wyoming.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [34, 34], "content_span": [35, 275]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074326-0001-0000", "contents": "1956 Wyoming Cowboys baseball team\nThe Cowboys won the District VII to advance to the College World Series, where they were defeated by the Bradley Braves.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [34, 34], "content_span": [35, 155]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074327-0000-0000", "contents": "1956 Wyoming Cowboys football team\nThe 1956 Wyoming Cowboys football team represented the University of Wyoming in the Skyline Conference during the 1956 NCAA University Division football season. In their fourth season under head coach Phil Dickens, the Cowboys compiled a perfect 10\u20130 record (7\u20130 against Skyline opponents), won the Skyline Conference championship, and outscored all opponents by a total of 252 to 112. The Cowboys were ranked No. 19 in the AP Poll issued on November 19, 1956, but dropped out in the final poll.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [34, 34], "content_span": [35, 530]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074327-0001-0000", "contents": "1956 Wyoming Cowboys football team\nThe team's statistical leaders included Larry Zowada with 878 passing yards, Jim Crawford with 1,104 rushing yards and 72 points scored, and John Watts with 287 receiving yards. Crawford led the nation in rushing yards and went on to play five seasons for the Boston Patriots.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [34, 34], "content_span": [35, 311]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074327-0002-0000", "contents": "1956 Wyoming Cowboys football team\nBelieving that they would get a better bowl appearance, the team declined a Sun Bowl invitation. No other invitations came.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [34, 34], "content_span": [35, 158]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074328-0000-0000", "contents": "1956 Xavier Musketeers football team\nThe 1956 Xavier Musketeers football team was an American football team that represented Xavier University as an independent during the 1956 NCAA College Division football season. In its second season under head coach Harry W. Connelly, the team compiled a 7\u20133 record and outscored opponents by a total of 215 to 150. The team played its home games at Xavier Stadium in Cincinnati.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [36, 36], "content_span": [37, 417]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074329-0000-0000", "contents": "1956 Yale Bulldogs football team\nThe 1956 Yale Bulldogs football team represented Yale University in the 1965 NCAA University Division football season as a member of the Ivy League. They were led by fifth-year head coach Jordan Olivar and played their home games at the Yale Bowl. They finished the season as Ivy League champions with an overall record of eight wins and one loss.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [32, 32], "content_span": [33, 380]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074330-0000-0000", "contents": "1956 Yorkshire Cup\nThe 1956 Yorkshire Cup was the forty-ninth occasion on which the rugby league competition known as the Yorkshire County Cup had been held. Featuring clubs from the 1956\u201357 Northern Rugby Football League season, matches were played over September and October 1956. Wakefield Trinity won the trophy by beating Hunslet in the final.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 18], "section_span": [18, 18], "content_span": [19, 348]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074330-0001-0000", "contents": "1956 Yorkshire Cup, Background\nThe Rugby League Yorkshire Cup competition was a knock-out competition between (mainly professional) rugby league clubs from  the  county of Yorkshire. The actual area was at times increased to encompass other teams from  outside the  county such as Newcastle, Mansfield, Coventry, and even London (in the form of Acton & Willesden.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 18], "section_span": [20, 30], "content_span": [31, 363]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074330-0001-0001", "contents": "1956 Yorkshire Cup, Background\nThe Rugby League season always (until the onset of \"Summer Rugby\" in 1996) ran from around August-time through to around May-time and this competition always took place early in the season, in the Autumn, with the final taking place in (or just before) December (The only exception to this was when disruption of the fixture list was caused during, and immediately after, the two World Wars)", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 18], "section_span": [20, 30], "content_span": [31, 422]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074330-0002-0000", "contents": "1956 Yorkshire Cup, Competition and results\nThis season there were no junior/amateur clubs taking part, no new entrants and no \"leavers\" and so the total of entries remained the  same at sixteen. This in turn resulted in no byes in the first round.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 18], "section_span": [20, 43], "content_span": [44, 248]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074330-0003-0000", "contents": "1956 Yorkshire Cup, Competition and results, Final\nThe 1956 Yorkshire Cup final was played between Wakefield Trinity and Hunslet. The match was played at Headingley, Leeds, now in West Yorkshire. The attendance was 31,147 and receipts were \u00a35,609. This is the  last occasion on which the attendance at a Yorkshire Cup final would exceed 30,000. Wakefield won the match 23-5 to claim the trophy.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 18], "section_span": [20, 50], "content_span": [51, 394]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074330-0004-0000", "contents": "1956 Yorkshire Cup, Competition and results, Final, Teams and scorers\nScoring - Try = three (3) points - Goal = two (2) points - Drop goal = two (2) points", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 18], "section_span": [20, 69], "content_span": [70, 155]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074330-0005-0000", "contents": "1956 Yorkshire Cup, Notes and comments\n1 * The  attendance is given as 30,942 by the  Rothmans Rugby League Yearbook of 1991-92 and 1990-91 but 31,147 by \"100 Years of Rugby. The History of Wakefield Trinity 1873-1973 by J C Lindley and D W Armitage and also by RUGBYLEAGUEproject", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 18], "section_span": [20, 38], "content_span": [39, 280]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074330-0006-0000", "contents": "1956 Yorkshire Cup, Notes and comments\n2 * Headingley, Leeds, is the home ground of Leeds RLFC with a capacity of 21,000. The record attendance was  40,175 for a league match between Leeds and Bradford Northern on 21 May 1947.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 18], "section_span": [20, 38], "content_span": [39, 226]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074332-0000-0000", "contents": "1956 anti-Tamil pogrom\nThe 1956 anti-Tamil pogrom, also known as the Gal Oya riots, was the first organised pogrom against Sri Lankan Tamils in the Dominion of Ceylon. It began with anti-Tamil rioting in Colombo, followed by anti-Sinhalese rioting in Batticaloa. The worst of the violence took place in the Gal Oya valley, where local majority Sinhalese colonists and employees of the Gal Oya Development Board commandeered government vehicles, dynamite and weapons and massacred minority Tamils. It is estimated that over 150 people lost their lives during the violence. The police and army were eventually able to bring the situation under control.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [22, 22], "content_span": [23, 650]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074332-0001-0000", "contents": "1956 anti-Tamil pogrom, Background information\nBy 1956, 50% of clerical jobs were held by Tamils, although they were a minority of the country's population. This was partly due to the availability of Western style education built by American missionaries in the Tamil dominant Jaffna peninsula during the colonial era. The overrepresentation of Tamils was used by populist Sinhalese politicians to come to political power by promising to elevate the Sinhalese people. The pro-Sinhalese nationalist Freedom Party came to power in 1956 promising to make Sinhala, the language of the majority Sinhalese people, the sole official language. This Sinhala only policy was opposed by the Tamil Federal party which conducted a nonviolent sit-in protest on June 5, 1956, in front of the parliament in Colombo, the capital city. About 200 Tamil leaders and politicians took part in this protest.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [24, 46], "content_span": [47, 884]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074332-0002-0000", "contents": "1956 anti-Tamil pogrom, Gal Oya settlement scheme\nGal Oya settlement scheme was begun in 1949 to settle landless peasants in formerly jungle land. Gal Oya river in the Eastern province was dammed and a tank was created with 40,000,000 acres (160,000\u00a0km2) of irrigated land. In 1956 the settlement had over 50 new villages where over 5,000 ethnic Tamil, Muslim, Indigenous Veddha and Sinhalese were settled. The Sinhalese were approximately 50% of the settlers.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [24, 49], "content_span": [50, 460]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074332-0002-0001", "contents": "1956 anti-Tamil pogrom, Gal Oya settlement scheme\nSinhalese and others were spatially separated from each other as Sinhalese were settled at the more productive headwaters of the Gal Oya tank and the Tamils and Muslims at the down rivers closer to their former native villages. Settlement of large number of Sinhalese peasants in what Tamil nationalists considered their traditional Tamil homeland, was a source of tension within the settlement area.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [24, 49], "content_span": [50, 450]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074332-0003-0000", "contents": "1956 anti-Tamil pogrom, Riots, Colombo\nFederal Party protestors were attacked by a Sinhalese mob that was led by K. M. P. Rajaratne. The same mob, after listening to a speech by populist Sinhalese politicians urging them to boycott Tamil business, went on a looting spree in the city. Over 150 Tamil owned shops were looted and many people were hospitalized for their injuries. But these disturbances were quickly brought under control by the police.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [24, 38], "content_span": [39, 450]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074332-0004-0000", "contents": "1956 anti-Tamil pogrom, Riots, Batticaloa\nFollowing the riots in Colombo, Tamil rioters in Batticaloa attacked Sinhalese. Sinhalese houses were burnt and Sinhalese people were assaulted. In one case, a Sinhalese hotel was burned. An employee of this hotel emerged from the burning hotel and fired at a crowd that had gathered to watch the conflagration, killing 2. Police had also fired on crowd of 10,000 demonstrating Tamils, killing another 2. Tamils from Karaitivu had thrown stones at Gal Oya Board trucks. Near Kalmunai, a group of 11 Tamils hid in trees and shot at a convoy of Sinhalese civilians and government officials, killing 2.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [24, 41], "content_span": [42, 641]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074332-0005-0000", "contents": "1956 anti-Tamil pogrom, Riots, Gal Oya\nOn June 9th, the trucks that had been stoned arrived in Gal Oya. News of the attacks on Sinhalese in Batticaloa started reaching the valley, and with it, false rumours. The chief amongst the rumours was that a Sinhalese girl had been raped and made to walk naked down the street in Batticaloa by a Tamil mob. Although this was later proved to be false, the rumor inflamed the passions of the mob and led to further massacres and property destruction.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [24, 38], "content_span": [39, 489]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074332-0005-0001", "contents": "1956 anti-Tamil pogrom, Riots, Gal Oya\nThe riots began on the evening of June 11, 1956, when agitated mobs began roaming the streets of Gal Oya valley looking for Tamils. Properties owned by Tamils, including those of Indian Tamils, were looted and burned down. It was rumored that the local police made no attempt to control the mob.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [24, 38], "content_span": [39, 334]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074332-0006-0000", "contents": "1956 anti-Tamil pogrom, Riots, Gal Oya\nTamil refugees from Amparai had fled to the Amparai police station and the Circuit Bungalow under police protection. On the evening of June 12, a Sinhalese mob surrounded the latter location, threatening to break in. At first, police used tear gas to try and disperse the mob. The mob tried to stop a jeep with a Bren gun; at this point, the police opened fire, killing three of rioters. Then the mob severed the utilities and stole dynamite from a dynamite dump in Inginiyagala to try to blow up the bungalow. They were unable to acquire detonators, and by 11 PM, the military arrived and disperse the crowd.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [24, 38], "content_span": [39, 648]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074332-0007-0000", "contents": "1956 anti-Tamil pogrom, Riots, Gal Oya\nOn the morning of June 13, a truck arrived with Sinhalese refugees from Bakiela who had been attacked by Tamil colonists. By noon of that day, there were further rumors that an army of 6,000 Tamils armed with guns were in the process of approaching the Sinhalese settlements in the Gal Oya valley. This led local groups of Sinhalese men to commandeer government vehicles to travel to outlying Tamil villages while Sinhalese officials and settlers fled. It was only after the arrival of army reinforcements and stern action taken by them that the killings and destruction were suppressed.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [24, 38], "content_span": [39, 626]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074333-0000-0000", "contents": "1956 in Afghanistan\nThe following lists events that happened during 1956 in Afghanistan.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [19, 19], "content_span": [20, 88]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074335-0000-0000", "contents": "1956 in Australia\nThe following lists events that happened during 1956 in Australia.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [17, 17], "content_span": [18, 84]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074336-0000-0000", "contents": "1956 in Australian literature\nThis article presents a list of the historical events and publications of Australian literature during 1956.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [29, 29], "content_span": [30, 138]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074336-0001-0000", "contents": "1956 in Australian literature, Births\nA list, ordered by date of birth (and, if the date is either unspecified or repeated, ordered alphabetically by surname) of births in 1956 of Australian literary figures, authors of written works or literature-related individuals follows, including year of death.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 37], "content_span": [38, 301]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074336-0002-0000", "contents": "1956 in Australian literature, Deaths\nA list, ordered by date of death (and, if the date is either unspecified or repeated, ordered alphabetically by surname) of deaths in 1956 of Australian literary figures, authors of written works or literature-related individuals follows, including year of birth.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 37], "content_span": [38, 301]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074337-0000-0000", "contents": "1956 in Belgian television\nThis article is a list of Belgian television related events from 1956.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [26, 26], "content_span": [27, 97]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074340-0000-0000", "contents": "1956 in Brazilian football\nThe following article presents a summary of the 1956 football (soccer) season in Brazil, which was the 55th season of competitive football in the country.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [26, 26], "content_span": [27, 181]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074340-0001-0000", "contents": "1956 in Brazilian football, State championship champions\n(1)Atl\u00e9tico Mineiro and Cruzeiro shared the Minas Gerais State Championship title.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [28, 56], "content_span": [57, 139]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074340-0002-0000", "contents": "1956 in Brazilian football, Brazil national team\nThe following table lists all the games played by the Brazil national football team in official competitions and friendly matches during 1956.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [28, 48], "content_span": [49, 191]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074341-0000-0000", "contents": "1956 in Brazilian television\nThis is a list of Brazilian television related events from 1956.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [28, 28], "content_span": [29, 93]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074342-0000-0000", "contents": "1956 in British music\nThis is a summary of 1956 in music in the United Kingdom, including the official charts from that year.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [21, 21], "content_span": [22, 125]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074343-0000-0000", "contents": "1956 in British radio\nThis is a list of events from British radio in 1956.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [21, 21], "content_span": [22, 74]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074344-0000-0000", "contents": "1956 in British television\nThis is a list of British television related events from 1956.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [26, 26], "content_span": [27, 89]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074347-0000-0000", "contents": "1956 in Canadian football\nThe Edmonton Eskimos faced the Montreal Alouettes in the Grey Cup game for the third consecutive year. And for the third consecutive year, the Edmonton Eskimos were Grey Cup champions. It was the first time in a Grey Cup that a touchdown was worth six points instead of five.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [25, 25], "content_span": [26, 301]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074347-0001-0000", "contents": "1956 in Canadian football, Canadian Football News in 1956\nOn Sunday, January 22, representatives of the two largest and most powerful leagues in the Canadian Rugby Union, the Interprovincial Rugby Football Union and the Western Interprovincial Football Union, met in Winnipeg and formed the Canadian Football Council as an umbrella organization. G. Sydney Halter, QC, was named as commissioner of the CFC, which would evolve into today's Canadian Football League. The CFC introduced a national negotiation list.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [27, 57], "content_span": [58, 511]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074347-0002-0000", "contents": "1956 in Canadian football, Canadian Football News in 1956\nTelevision rights for Canadian football games were sold for $101,000. The touchdown point value was increased from five to six points.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [27, 57], "content_span": [58, 192]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074347-0003-0000", "contents": "1956 in Canadian football, Canadian Football News in 1956\nThe first East-West All-Star game was played at Vancouver's Empire Stadium on December 8. The day after the game, Trans-Canada Air Lines Flight 810 crashed into Mount Slesse, killing five players and one official who were on their way from Vancouver to Calgary. The five players who died in the crash included four members of the Saskatchewan Roughriders: offensive linemen Mario DeMarco and Ray Syrnyk, centre/tight end Mel Becket, and defensive lineman Gordon Sturtridge, along with Winnipeg Blue Bomber offensive lineman Cal Jones. The official killed in the crash was Ed Pettit, of Calgary.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [27, 57], "content_span": [58, 652]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074347-0004-0000", "contents": "1956 in Canadian football, Regular season, Final regular season standings\nNote: GP = Games Played, W = Wins, L = Losses, T = Ties, PF = Points For, PA = Points Against, Pts = Points", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [27, 73], "content_span": [74, 181]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074347-0005-0000", "contents": "1956 in Canadian football, Grey Cup Championship\n44th Annual Grey Cup Game: Varsity Stadium \u2013 Toronto, Ontario", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [27, 48], "content_span": [49, 110]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074348-0000-0000", "contents": "1956 in Canadian television\nThis is a list of Canadian television-related events in 1956.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [27, 27], "content_span": [28, 89]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074349-0000-0000", "contents": "1956 in Chile\nThe following lists events that happened during 1956 in Chile.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 13], "section_span": [13, 13], "content_span": [14, 76]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074350-0000-0000", "contents": "1956 in China\nEvents in the year 1956 in China. The country had an estimated population of 620 million people.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 13], "section_span": [13, 13], "content_span": [14, 110]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074352-0000-0000", "contents": "1956 in Dutch television\nThis is a list of Dutch television related events from 1956.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [24, 24], "content_span": [25, 85]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074352-0001-0000", "contents": "1956 in Dutch television, Deaths\nThis Dutch television\u2013related article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by .", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 32], "content_span": [33, 109]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074353-0000-0000", "contents": "1956 in Estonia\nThis article lists events that occurred during 1956 in Estonia.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 15], "section_span": [15, 15], "content_span": [16, 79]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074354-0000-0000", "contents": "1956 in Estonian television\nThis is a list of Estonian television related events from 1956.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [27, 27], "content_span": [28, 91]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074354-0001-0000", "contents": "1956 in Estonian television, Deaths\nThis Estonian television-related article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by .", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 35], "content_span": [36, 115]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074357-0000-0000", "contents": "1956 in French television\nThis is a list of French television related events from 1956.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [25, 25], "content_span": [26, 87]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074358-0000-0000", "contents": "1956 in German television\nThis is a list of German television-related events in 1956.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [25, 25], "content_span": [26, 85]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074358-0001-0000", "contents": "1956 in German television, Deaths\nThis German television-related article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by .", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [27, 33], "content_span": [34, 111]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074360-0000-0000", "contents": "1956 in Iceland\nThe following lists events that happened in 1956 in Iceland.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 15], "section_span": [15, 15], "content_span": [16, 76]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074361-0000-0000", "contents": "1956 in India\nEvents in the year 1956 in the Republic of India.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 13], "section_span": [13, 13], "content_span": [14, 63]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074364-0000-0000", "contents": "1956 in Israel, Events, Israeli\u2013Palestinian conflict\nThe most prominent events related to the Israeli\u2013Palestinian conflict which occurred during 1956 include:", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [16, 52], "content_span": [53, 158]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074364-0001-0000", "contents": "1956 in Israel, Events, Israeli\u2013Palestinian conflict\nThe most prominent Palestinian fedayeen terror attacks committed against Israelis during 1956 include:", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [16, 52], "content_span": [53, 155]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074364-0002-0000", "contents": "1956 in Israel, Events, Israeli\u2013Palestinian conflict\nThe most prominent Israeli military counter-terrorism operations (military campaigns and military operations) carried out against Palestinian militants during 1956 include:", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [16, 52], "content_span": [53, 225]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074365-0000-0000", "contents": "1956 in Italian television\nThis is a list of Italian television related events from 1956.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [26, 26], "content_span": [27, 89]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074368-0000-0000", "contents": "1956 in Laos\nThe following lists events that happened during 1956 in Laos.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 12], "section_span": [12, 12], "content_span": [13, 74]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074369-0000-0000", "contents": "1956 in Libya\nThe following lists events that happened in 1956 in Libya.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 13], "section_span": [13, 13], "content_span": [14, 72]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074370-0000-0000", "contents": "1956 in Luxembourg\nThe following lists events that happened during 1956 in the Grand Duchy of Luxembourg.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 18], "section_span": [18, 18], "content_span": [19, 105]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074371-0000-0000", "contents": "1956 in Malaya\nThis article lists important figures and events in Malayan public affairs during the year 1956, together with births and deaths of significant Malayans.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [14, 14], "content_span": [15, 167]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074372-0000-0000", "contents": "1956 in Mexico, Awards\nBelisario Dom\u00ednguez Medal of Honor \u2013 Gerardo Murillo (\"Dr. Atl\")", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [16, 22], "content_span": [23, 87]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074373-0000-0000", "contents": "1956 in Michigan\nThe major stories of 1956 in Michigan included: (1) tornado outbreaks that struck western Michigan on April 2 and central and eastern Michigan on May 12; (2) the November 6 elections in which Republican President Dwight D. Eisenhower won Michigan's 20 electoral votes while Democrat G. Mennen Williams won re-election to a fifth term as Governor of Michigan; and (3) a slowdown in automobile production after reaching record levels in 1955.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 16], "section_span": [16, 16], "content_span": [17, 457]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074373-0001-0000", "contents": "1956 in Michigan, Top stories\nThe Associated Press  and Detroit Free Press each ranked Michigan's top news stories of 1956 as follows:", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 16], "section_span": [18, 29], "content_span": [30, 134]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074373-0002-0000", "contents": "1956 in Michigan, Population\nIn the 1950 United States Census, Michigan was recorded as having a population of 6,421,000 persons, ranking as the seventh most populous state in the country. By 1960, the state's population had grown 22.8% to 7,823,194 persons.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 16], "section_span": [18, 28], "content_span": [29, 258]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074373-0003-0000", "contents": "1956 in Michigan, Population, Cities\nThe following is a list of cities in Michigan with a population of at least 40,000 based on 1950 U.S. Census data. Historic census data from 1940 and 1960 is included to reflect trends in population increases or decreases. Cities that are part of the Detroit metropolitan area are shaded in tan.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 16], "section_span": [18, 36], "content_span": [37, 332]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074373-0004-0000", "contents": "1956 in Michigan, Population, Counties\nThe following is a list of counties in Michigan with populations of at least 100,000 based on 1950 U.S. Census data. Historic census data from 1940 and 1960 are included to reflect trends in population increases or decreases. Counties that are part of the Detroit metropolitan area are shaded in tan.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 16], "section_span": [18, 38], "content_span": [39, 339]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074373-0005-0000", "contents": "1956 in Michigan, Sports, 1956 Olympics\nA contingent of 18 Michiganders competed for the United States in the 1956 Summer Olympics. A total 11 athletes with ties to Michigan won medals as follows:", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 16], "section_span": [18, 39], "content_span": [40, 196]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074374-0000-0000", "contents": "1956 in New Zealand\nThe following lists events that happened during  1956 in New Zealand.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [19, 19], "content_span": [20, 89]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074374-0001-0000", "contents": "1956 in New Zealand, Incumbents, Government\nThe 31st New Zealand Parliament continued. In power was the National government under Sidney Holland.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [21, 43], "content_span": [44, 145]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074374-0002-0000", "contents": "1956 in New Zealand, Arts and literature, Film\nSee : Category:1956 film awards, 1956 in film, List of New Zealand feature films, Cinema of New Zealand, Category:1956 films", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [21, 46], "content_span": [47, 171]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074374-0003-0000", "contents": "1956 in New Zealand, Sport, Lawn bowls\nThe national outdoor lawn bowls championships are held in Dunedin.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [21, 38], "content_span": [39, 105]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074375-0000-0000", "contents": "1956 in North Korea\nEvents from the year 1956 in North Korea. Andrei Lankov calls 1956 a turning point in North Korean history. It marked the 3rd Congress of the Workers' Party of Korea (WPK) followed by two important plenums of the Central Committee of the WPK. The plenum in August became known as the August Faction Incident as Kim Il-sung's opponents unsuccessfully tried to oust him. It was followed by another plenum in September that saw Kim being pressured by China and the Soviet Union to tone down his political line. Kim, however, retaliated by beginning the purge of his party's Soviet faction that year.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [19, 19], "content_span": [20, 616]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074378-0000-0000", "contents": "1956 in Norwegian football\nThe 1956 season was the 51st season of competitive football in Norway.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [26, 26], "content_span": [27, 97]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074379-0000-0000", "contents": "1956 in Norwegian music\nThe following is a list of notable events and releases of the year 1956 in Norwegian music.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [23, 23], "content_span": [24, 115]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074383-0000-0000", "contents": "1956 in Scottish television\nThis is a list of events in Scottish television from 1956.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [27, 27], "content_span": [28, 86]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074384-0000-0000", "contents": "1956 in Singapore\nThe following lists events that happened during 1956 in Singapore.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [17, 17], "content_span": [18, 84]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074385-0000-0000", "contents": "1956 in South Africa\nThe following lists events that happened during 1956 in South Africa.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [20, 20], "content_span": [21, 90]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074389-0000-0000", "contents": "1956 in Taiwan\nEvents from the year 1956 in Taiwan, Republic of China. This year is numbered Minguo 45 according to the official Republic of China calendar.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [14, 14], "content_span": [15, 156]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074390-0000-0000", "contents": "1956 in Thailand\nThe year 1956 was the 175th year of the Rattanakosin Kingdom of Thailand. It was the 11th year in the reign of King Bhumibol Adulyadej (Rama IX), and is reckoned as year 2499 in the Buddhist Era.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 16], "section_span": [16, 16], "content_span": [17, 212]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074392-0000-0000", "contents": "1956 in Wales\nThis article is about the particular significance of the year 1956 to Wales and its people.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 13], "section_span": [13, 13], "content_span": [14, 105]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074396-0000-0000", "contents": "1956 in association football\nThe following are the football (soccer) events of the year 1956 throughout the world.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [28, 28], "content_span": [29, 114]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074398-0000-0000", "contents": "1956 in baseball\nThe following are the baseball events of the year 1956  throughout the world.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 16], "section_span": [16, 16], "content_span": [17, 94]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074399-0000-0000", "contents": "1956 in country music\nThis is the current revision of this page, as edited by 50.26.172.216 (talk) at 20:47, 13 March 2020 (\u2192\u200eTop new album releases). The present address (URL) is a permanent link to this version.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [21, 21], "content_span": [22, 213]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074399-0001-0000", "contents": "1956 in country music\nThis is a list of notable events in country music that took place in the year 1956.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [21, 21], "content_span": [22, 105]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074400-0000-0000", "contents": "1956 in film\nThe following is an overview of 1956 in film, including significant events, a list of films released and notable births and deaths.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 12], "section_span": [12, 12], "content_span": [13, 144]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074400-0001-0000", "contents": "1956 in film, Top-grossing films (U.S.)\nThe top ten 1956 released films by box office gross in North America are as follows:", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 12], "section_span": [14, 39], "content_span": [40, 124]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074401-0000-0000", "contents": "1956 in fine arts of the Soviet Union\nThe year 1956 was marked by many events that left an imprint on the history of Soviet and Russian Fine Arts.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [37, 37], "content_span": [38, 146]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074402-0000-0000", "contents": "1956 in jazz\nThis is a timeline documenting events of Jazz in the year 1956.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 12], "section_span": [12, 12], "content_span": [13, 76]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074403-0000-0000", "contents": "1956 in literature\nThis article contains information about the literary events and publications of 1956.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 18], "section_span": [18, 18], "content_span": [19, 104]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074404-0000-0000", "contents": "1956 in motorsport\nThe following is an overview of the events of 1956 in motorsport including the major racing events, motorsport venues that were opened and closed during a year, championships and non-championship events that were established and disestablished in a year, and births and deaths of racing drivers and other motorsport people.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 18], "section_span": [18, 18], "content_span": [19, 342]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074404-0001-0000", "contents": "1956 in motorsport, Annual events\nThe calendar includes only annual major non-championship events or annual events that had own significance separate from the championship. For the dates of the championship events see related season articles.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 18], "section_span": [20, 33], "content_span": [34, 242]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074405-0000-0000", "contents": "1956 in music\nThis is a list of notable events in music that took place in the year 1956.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 13], "section_span": [13, 13], "content_span": [14, 89]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074405-0001-0000", "contents": "1956 in music, Biggest hit singles\nThe following songs achieved the highest in the charts of 1956.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 13], "section_span": [15, 34], "content_span": [35, 98]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074405-0002-0000", "contents": "1956 in music, US No. 1 hit singles\nThese singles reached the top of US Billboard magazine's charts in 1956.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 13], "section_span": [15, 35], "content_span": [36, 108]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074405-0003-0000", "contents": "1956 in music, Classical music, Premieres\n1 Variazione sull'aria di Papageno was part of Divertimento f\u00fcr Mozart, an omnibus composition by 12 different composers.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 13], "section_span": [15, 41], "content_span": [42, 163]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074406-0000-0000", "contents": "1956 in paleontology\nPaleontology or palaeontology is the study of prehistoric life forms on Earth through the examination of plant and animal fossils. This includes the study of body fossils, tracks (ichnites), burrows, cast-off parts, fossilised feces (coprolites), palynomorphs and chemical residues. Because humans have encountered fossils for millennia, paleontology has a long history both before and after becoming formalized as a science. This article records significant discoveries and events related to paleontology that occurred or were published in the year 1956.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [20, 20], "content_span": [21, 576]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074407-0000-0000", "contents": "1956 in poetry\nNationality words link to articles with information on the nation's poetry or literature (for instance, Irish or France).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [14, 14], "content_span": [15, 136]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074407-0001-0000", "contents": "1956 in poetry, Works published in English\nListed by nation where the work was first published and again by the poet's native land, if different; substantially revised works listed separately:", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [16, 42], "content_span": [43, 192]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074407-0002-0000", "contents": "1956 in poetry, Works published in other languages\nListed by language and often by nation where the work was first published and again by the poet's native land, if different; substantially revised works listed separately:", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [16, 50], "content_span": [51, 222]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074407-0003-0000", "contents": "1956 in poetry, Works published in other languages, India\nIn each section, listed in alphabetical order by first name:", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [16, 57], "content_span": [58, 118]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074407-0004-0000", "contents": "1956 in poetry, Births\nDeath years link to the corresponding \"[year] in poetry\" article:", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [16, 22], "content_span": [23, 88]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074407-0005-0000", "contents": "1956 in poetry, Deaths\nBirth years link to the corresponding \"[year] in poetry\" article:", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [16, 22], "content_span": [23, 88]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074408-0000-0000", "contents": "1956 in professional wrestling\n1956 in professional wrestling describes the year's events in the world of professional wrestling.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [30, 30], "content_span": [31, 129]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074409-0000-0000", "contents": "1956 in rail transport\nThis article lists events related to rail transport that occurred in 1956.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [22, 22], "content_span": [23, 97]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074410-0000-0000", "contents": "1956 in science\nThe year 1956 in science and technology involved some significant events, listed below.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 15], "section_span": [15, 15], "content_span": [16, 103]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074411-0000-0000", "contents": "1956 in spaceflight\nThis is a list of spaceflight related events which occurred in 1956.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [19, 19], "content_span": [20, 88]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074412-0000-0000", "contents": "1956 in sports\n1956 in sports describes the year's events in world sport.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [14, 14], "content_span": [15, 73]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074413-0000-0000", "contents": "1956 in television\nThe year 1956 in television involved some significant events. Below is a list of television-related events during 1956.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 18], "section_span": [18, 18], "content_span": [19, 138]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074414-0000-0000", "contents": "1956 in the Belgian Congo\nThe following lists events that happened during 1956 in the Belgian Congo.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [25, 25], "content_span": [26, 100]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074415-0000-0000", "contents": "1956 in the Soviet Union\nThe following lists events that happened during 1956 in the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [24, 24], "content_span": [25, 121]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074416-0000-0000", "contents": "1956 in the United Kingdom\nEvents from the year 1956 in the United Kingdom. The year is dominated by the Suez Crisis.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [26, 26], "content_span": [27, 117]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074418-0000-0000", "contents": "1956 in the Vietnam War\nNgo Dinh Diem consolidated his power as the President of South Vietnam. He declined to have a national election to unify the country as called for in the Geneva Accords. In North Vietnam Ho Chi Minh apologized for certain consequences of the land reform program he had initiated in 1955. The several thousand Viet Minh cadres the North had left behind in South Vietnam focused on political action rather than insurgency. The South Vietnamese army attempted to root out the Viet Minh.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [23, 23], "content_span": [24, 507]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074418-0001-0000", "contents": "1956 in the Vietnam War\nFrance completed its military withdrawal from Vietnam. The United States expanded the number of its military advisers in South Vietnam. The first American killed in the Vietnam War died June 8 at the hand of another American soldier.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [23, 23], "content_span": [24, 257]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074418-0002-0000", "contents": "1956 in the Vietnam War\nIn 1956 the term Viet Cong came into use and gradually replaced the older term Viet Minh. The government-controlled Saigon press first started using the term referring to communists in South Vietnam as Viet Cong a shortening of Viet Nam Cong-San which means \"Vietnamese Communist\".", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [23, 23], "content_span": [24, 305]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074418-0003-0000", "contents": "1956 in the Vietnam War, January\nPresident Diem issued Ordinance Number 6 which permitted the imprisonment of communists and others \"dangerous to national defense and common security\". Diem's anti-communist repression reduced communist party membership in South Vietnam by about two-thirds between 1955 and 1959, but the repression also alienated many non-communists.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 32], "content_span": [33, 367]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074418-0004-0000", "contents": "1956 in the Vietnam War, January\nIn the words of scholar Bernard Fall, Ordinance No. 6 gave the Diem government \"almost unchecked power to deal with the opposition--and the non-Communist opposition, least inured to clandestine operations, was hit hardest. The non-communist opposition to Diem came mostly at this time from the Cao \u0110\u00e0i and H\u00f2a H\u1ea3o religious sects and the B\u00ecnh Xuy\u00ean criminal mafia.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 32], "content_span": [33, 397]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074418-0005-0000", "contents": "1956 in the Vietnam War, February\nThe Geneva Accords of 1954 forbade any increase in foreign military personnel in Vietnam and required all to withdraw by 1956. Adhering to the agreement, the U.S. had kept the level of its Military Advisory Assistance Group (MAAG) in Saigon at 342 personnel. Secretary of State John Foster Dulles with the concurrence of the Joint Chiefs of Staff of the U.S. Department of Defense authorized a \"temporary mission\" of 350 additional American military personnel to South Vietnam to salvage about $1 billion in military equipment left behind by the French military, now departed. By the end of 1957, nearly all of these additional personnel had been assigned to MAAG to train the South Vietnamese army (ARVN).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 33], "content_span": [34, 740]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074418-0006-0000", "contents": "1956 in the Vietnam War, February\nSoviet leader Nikita Khrushchev made his \"secret speech\" On the Cult of Personality and Its Consequences to the 20th Congress of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union. The speech was a major cause of the Sino-Soviet split in which China (under Chairman Mao Zedong) and Albania (under First Secretary Enver Hoxha) condemned Khrushchev as a revisionist. In response, they formed the anti-revisionist movement, criticizing the post-Stalin leadership of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union for allegedly deviating from the path of Lenin and Stalin. Khrushchev also announced a policy of Peaceful coexistence between the Soviet-allied socialist states and the capitalist bloc in contrast to the earlier Soviet policy of world revolution.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 33], "content_span": [34, 772]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074418-0007-0000", "contents": "1956 in the Vietnam War, February\nScholar Hans J. Morgenthau defended the authoritarian practices of President Diem and his government in a newspaper article. \"Considering the enormity of the task which confronts Diem, it would be ill-advised to be squeamish about the methods he used.\"", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 33], "content_span": [34, 286]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074418-0008-0000", "contents": "1956 in the Vietnam War, February\nAfter occupying the Cao \u0110\u00e0i sect's political center of T\u00e2y Ninh, the Diem government signed an agreement with Cao Dai leaders which permitted Cao Dai members to continue practicing their religion but prevented political activity.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 33], "content_span": [34, 263]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074418-0009-0000", "contents": "1956 in the Vietnam War, March\nSouth Vietnam held elections for the National Constituent Assembly. Diem's candidates won 90 of 123 seats.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 30], "content_span": [31, 137]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074418-0010-0000", "contents": "1956 in the Vietnam War, April\nDr. Tom Dooley's book Deliver us from Evil was published in the United States and became a runaway best seller and influential anti-communist tract. Dooley described his work among Vietnamese refugees in Haiphong, North Vietnam, in 1954 and 1955. Hundreds of thousands of refugees, mostly Catholic, migrated from North Vietnam to South Vietnam in those years with transportation and assistance provided by the U.S. and French navies. Dooley's vivid accounts of communist atrocities committed on the refugees were not substantiated by other sources. Dooley was an informant of CIA agent Edward Lansdale who ran clandestine and propaganda programs encouraging Northerners, especially Catholics, to migrate south.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 30], "content_span": [31, 741]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074418-0011-0000", "contents": "1956 in the Vietnam War, April\nSouth Vietnam created the para-military Civil Guard and Self Defense Corps. The two organizations, each with about 50,000 troops, were stationed in villages and had the task of combating subversion and intimidation and freeing the South Vietnamese army from being responsible for protecting the rural population from the Viet Cong and other dissidents. Training for the Civil Guard and the Self Defense Corps was provided by Michigan State University.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 30], "content_span": [31, 482]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074418-0012-0000", "contents": "1956 in the Vietnam War, April\nHoa Hao commander Ba C\u1ee5t was arrested by a patrol on 13 April 1956, and his remaining forces were defeated in battle.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 30], "content_span": [31, 148]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074418-0013-0000", "contents": "1956 in the Vietnam War, April\nThe French military withdrawal from Vietnam was completed as the last soldier in the French Expeditionary Force left South Vietnam. A few French air force and navy personnel remained in South Vietnam as trainers.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 30], "content_span": [31, 243]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074418-0014-0000", "contents": "1956 in the Vietnam War, June\nDiem abolished elections for village councils, apparently out of concern that large numbers of Viet Minh might win office. By replacing the village notables with appointed officials, Diem swept away the traditional administrative autonomy of the village officials, and took upon himself and his government the onus for whatever corruption and injustice subsequently developed at that level. These government appointees to village office were outsiders\u2014northerners, Catholics, or other \"dependable\" persons\u2014and their alien presence in the midst of the close-knit rural communities encouraged revival of the conspiratorial, underground politics to which the villages had become accustomed during the resistance against the French.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 29], "content_span": [30, 758]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074418-0015-0000", "contents": "1956 in the Vietnam War, June\nSenator John F. Kennedy gave the keynote speech at a conference of the American Friends of Vietnam, headed by General John W. O'Daniel. Kennedy lauded the accomplishments of President Diem and described South Vietnam as \"the cornerstone of the Free World in Southeast Asia.... This is our offspring\u2014we cannot abandon it, we cannot ignore its needs.\" Kennedy opposed the elections called for in the Geneva Accords (1954) saying that elections would be subverted by North Vietnam.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 29], "content_span": [30, 508]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074418-0016-0000", "contents": "1956 in the Vietnam War, June\nRichard B. Fitzgibbon Jr. became the first American to be killed in the Vietnam War. Fitzgibbon was serving as part of the Military Assistance Advisory Group (MAAG) (DET 1, 1173RD FOR MSN SQD), which was involved in training military personnel in South Vietnam. Fitzgibbon was not killed in action, but rather was murdered by another United States airman.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 29], "content_span": [30, 385]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074418-0017-0000", "contents": "1956 in the Vietnam War, July\nVice President Richard Nixon visited South Vietnam. He gave Diem a letter from President Eisenhower stating that the United States looked forward to many years of partnership with South Vietnam. In a speech in the Vietnamese constituent assembly, Nixon said that \"the march of Communism has been halted.\"", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 29], "content_span": [30, 334]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074418-0018-0000", "contents": "1956 in the Vietnam War, July\nHo Chi Minh said that \"the U.S. imperialists and the pro-American authorities in South Vietnam have been plotting to partition our country permanently and prevent the holding of free general elections as provided for by the Geneva Agreements\"", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 29], "content_span": [30, 272]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074418-0019-0000", "contents": "1956 in the Vietnam War, July\nThe Joint Chiefs of Staff said that \"the major threat [to South Vietnam] continues to be that of subversion.\" The CIA agreed. Despite those conclusions, American assistance to the South Vietnamese army was focused on building an army to deal with a conventional military attack from North Vietnam. The U.S. generals did not believe that the communists could mount an insurgency that would threaten the survival of South Vietnam. The concept of counterinsurgency received little attention in the U.S. army at that time. U.S. soldiers received only four hours of \"counterguerrilla\" training and training courses provided by the U.S. to the South Vietnamese army were almost \"exact copies\" of the military training given U.S. soldiers.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 29], "content_span": [30, 762]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074418-0020-0000", "contents": "1956 in the Vietnam War, July\nL\u00ea Quang Vinh, popularly known as Ba C\u1ee5t, was a military commander of the H\u00f2a H\u1ea3o religious sect, which operated from the Mekong Delta and controlled various parts of southern Vietnam during the 1940s and early 1950s. He was captured on April 13 and after a short trial, publicly guillotined on July 13, 1956, in C\u1ea7n Th\u01a1. Some followers, led by a hardcore deputy named Bay Dom, retreated to a small area beside the Cambodian border, where they vowed not to rest until Ba C\u1ee5t was avenged. Many of his followers later joined the Viet Cong and took up arms against Di\u1ec7m.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 29], "content_span": [30, 597]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074418-0021-0000", "contents": "1956 in the Vietnam War, July\nThe date specified in the Geneva Accords for national elections to re-unify North and South Vietnam. The elections were not held because President Diem said South Vietnam was not a party to the Accords. Most observers believe that Ho Chi Minh would have won the elections easily", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 29], "content_span": [30, 308]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074418-0022-0000", "contents": "1956 in the Vietnam War, August\nHo Chi Minh and other North Vietnamese officials publicly apologized for errors committed in North Vietnam's land reform program. Estimates of the number of people called \"landlords\" who were killed in the 1954-1956 period range from 3,000 to 50,000. 12,000 people were released from prisons after Ho's apology.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 31], "content_span": [32, 343]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074418-0023-0000", "contents": "1956 in the Vietnam War, August\nThe Diem government issued Ordinance Number 47 which made it against the law, upon penalty of death, to assist any organization defined as communist. Diem defined \"Communist\" as \"all persons and groups who resorted to clandestine political activity or armed opposition to his government\".", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 31], "content_span": [32, 320]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074418-0024-0000", "contents": "1956 in the Vietnam War, October\nThe Diem government issued Ordinance No. 57, a land reform program intended to transfer land from persons owning more than 100 hectares (250 acres) to landless and small landholders. Land reform was described as the most important step the South Vietnamese government could take to counter communist influence. This program expanded an earlier effort at land reform beginning in 1955. The Land reform program, however, was poorly implemented, landlords were able to retain most of their land, and peasants had to pay for the land they were eligible to receive. The provisions of the land reform program probably indicated the growing influence of large landowners rather than being a genuine attempt to re-distribute land to the poor and landless rural dwellers.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 32], "content_span": [33, 795]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074418-0025-0000", "contents": "1956 in the Vietnam War, October\nPresident Di\u1ec7m announced the adoption of a constitution for South Vietnam. The constitution gave Diem the power to declare and rule by \"emergency\" whenever he wished. It also gave him the right to suspend \"temporarily\" freedom of assembly, speech, and other civil rights.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 32], "content_span": [33, 304]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074418-0026-0000", "contents": "1956 in the Vietnam War, November\nDi\u1ec7m dealt strongly with another group not among his supporters: the approximately 1,000,000 Chinese-identified people of Vietnam, the Hoa, who dominated much of the economy. Di\u1ec7m issued an executive order which barred \"foreigners\", including Chinese, from 11 kinds of businesses, and demanded the half-million Vietnamese-born Hoa men, \"Vietnamize\", including changing their names to a Vietnamese form. His vice-president, Nguy\u1ec5n Ng\u1ecdc Th\u01a1, was put in charge of the program.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 33], "content_span": [34, 507]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074418-0027-0000", "contents": "1956 in the Vietnam War, November\nFarmers in Ngh\u1ec7 An, Ho Chi Minh's native province, presented a petition to the International Control Commission protesting North Vietnam's land reform program. Violence spread throughout the province. The North Vietnamese army put down the uprising and restored order, reportedly killing or deporting 6,000 of the protesters.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 33], "content_span": [34, 359]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074418-0028-0000", "contents": "1956 in the Vietnam War, December\nHo Chi Minh's government banned \"subversive\" publications and cracked down on intellectuals in North Vietnam.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 33], "content_span": [34, 143]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074418-0029-0000", "contents": "1956 in the Vietnam War, December\nThe total number of U.S. military personnel in South Vietnam totaled 692. South Vietnam estimated there were 4,300 Viet Cong cadres and guerrillas in the country.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 33], "content_span": [34, 196]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074419-0000-0000", "contents": "1956 riots in Iraq\nIn 1956, riots took place in Iraq in support of Gamal Abdel Nasser during the Suez Crisis, and in opposition to political prisoners held by the regime of King Faisal II of Iraq. Communists and Nationalists took to the streets in Najaf, and soon after the protests spread to Mosul and Sulaymaniyah. In November, 2 demonstrators were killed and another wounded. In December, the riots spread to Hayy. The riots ended after they were dispersed by the police.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 18], "section_span": [18, 18], "content_span": [19, 474]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074420-0000-0000", "contents": "1956 \u00darvalsdeild, Overview\nIt was contested by 6 teams, and Valur won the championship. KR's Sigur\u00f0ur Bergsson and \u00cdA's \u00de\u00f3r\u00f0ur \u00de\u00f3r\u00f0arson were the joint top scorers with 6 goals.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 16], "section_span": [18, 26], "content_span": [27, 177]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074421-0000-0000", "contents": "1956/1957 News of the World Snooker Tournament\nThe 1956/1957 News of the World Snooker Tournament was a professional snooker tournament sponsored by the News of the World. The tournament was won by John Pulman who all his 5 matches. Fred Davis finished in second place ahead of Jackie Rea. Both won 3 matches but Davis won more frames overall. The News of the World Snooker Tournament ran from 1949/50 to 1959.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 46], "section_span": [46, 46], "content_span": [47, 410]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074421-0001-0000", "contents": "1956/1957 News of the World Snooker Tournament, Format\nThe 1956/57 event was a round-robin snooker tournament and was played from 22 October 1956 to 2 March 1957. Matches were played at various locations around the United Kingdom and also on Jersey. There were 6 competitors and a total of 15 matches. The competitors were the same as the previous year, Joe Davis, Fred Davis, Walter Donaldson, John Pulman, Jackie Rea and Rex Williams. Each match lasted three days and was the best of 37 frames except for one match played in Rochdale where there was only an evening session.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 46], "section_span": [48, 54], "content_span": [55, 576]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074421-0002-0000", "contents": "1956/1957 News of the World Snooker Tournament, Format\nEach match was separately handicapped. Joe Davis gave Fred Davis a 10-point start each frame, Walter Donaldson 14, John Pulman 14, Jackie Rea 20 and Rex Williams 24. Fred Davis gave Walter Donaldson 10, John Pulman 10, Jackie Rea 14 and Rex Williams 17. Walter Donaldson gave John Pulman 10, Jackie Rea 12 and Rex Williams 14. John Pulman gave Jackie Rea 10 and Rex Williams 14. Jackie Rea gave Rex Williams 10 points.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 46], "section_span": [48, 54], "content_span": [55, 473]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074421-0003-0000", "contents": "1956/1957 News of the World Snooker Tournament, Results\nAfter winning his first match 20\u201317, Joe Davis lost his remaining four matches 19\u201318 and finished in fifth place.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 46], "section_span": [48, 55], "content_span": [56, 169]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074421-0004-0000", "contents": "1956/1957 News of the World Snooker Tournament, Results\nThe positions were determined firstly by the number of matches won (MW) and, in the event of a tie, the number of frames won (FW).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 46], "section_span": [48, 55], "content_span": [56, 186]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074421-0005-0000", "contents": "1956/1957 News of the World Snooker Tournament, Broadcasting\nThe BBC showed a short, 30 minute, TV programme of the final day of the final match from Houldsworth Hall, Manchester. The commentator was Sidney Smith.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 46], "section_span": [48, 60], "content_span": [61, 213]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074422-0000-0000", "contents": "1956/57 NTFL season\nThe 1956/57 NTFL season was the 36th season of the Northern Territory Football League (NTFL).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [19, 19], "content_span": [20, 113]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074422-0001-0000", "contents": "1956/57 NTFL season\nNightcliff have won there 1st premiership title while defeating the Buffaloes in the grand final by 27 points.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [19, 19], "content_span": [20, 130]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074423-0000-0000", "contents": "1956\u201357 1re s\u00e9rie season\nThe 1956\u201357 1re s\u00e9rie season was the 36th season of the 1re s\u00e9rie, the top level of ice hockey in France. Three teams participated in the final tournament, and Athletic Club de Boulogne-Billancourt won their first championship.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [24, 24], "content_span": [25, 252]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074424-0000-0000", "contents": "1956\u201357 A.C. Milan season\nDuring 1956\u201357 season'Associazione Calcio Milan competed in Serie A and Coppa Latina.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [25, 25], "content_span": [26, 111]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074424-0001-0000", "contents": "1956\u201357 A.C. Milan season, Summary\nThe team enforce for the season and transferred several players in such as  Ernesto Cucchiaroni, Carlo Galli, Per Bredesen, Luigi Zannier and Narciso Soldan, also return Alfio Fontana after one year. Another arrival was youngster striker Gastone Bean. Changes came with a new manager: Gipo Viani replacing Uruguayan H\u00e9ctor Puricelli.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [27, 34], "content_span": [35, 368]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074424-0002-0000", "contents": "1956\u201357 A.C. Milan season, Summary\nThe Serie A saw Milan won its 6th championship ever. The new arrivals played with the previous block of rossoneri partners in the club  Lorenzo Buffon, Cesare Maldini, Nils Liedholm, as new captain with Nordahl out of the club, Mario Bergamaschi, Amos Mariani, Juan Alberto Schiaffino and Eros Beraldo.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [27, 34], "content_span": [35, 337]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074424-0003-0000", "contents": "1956\u201357 A.C. Milan season, Summary\nThe rossoneri competed in the last edition of  Latin Cup lost in semifinals (1-5) against Real Madrid. However, the team finished in 3rd place of the tournament after won 4\u20133 against Saint-\u00c9tienne.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [27, 34], "content_span": [35, 232]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074424-0004-0000", "contents": "1956\u201357 A.C. Milan season, Squad\nNote: Flags indicate national team as defined under FIFA eligibility rules. Players may hold more than one non-FIFA nationality.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [27, 32], "content_span": [33, 161]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074425-0000-0000", "contents": "1956\u201357 AHL season\nThe 1956\u201357 AHL season was the 21st season of the American Hockey League. Six teams played 64 games each in the schedule. The Providence Reds repeated their first overall finish in the regular season. The Cleveland Barons won their eighth Calder Cup championship.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 18], "section_span": [18, 18], "content_span": [19, 282]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074425-0001-0000", "contents": "1956\u201357 AHL season, Final standings\nNote: GP = Games played; W = Wins; L = Losses; T = Ties; GF = Goals for; GA = Goals against; Pts = Points;", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 18], "section_span": [20, 35], "content_span": [36, 142]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074425-0002-0000", "contents": "1956\u201357 AHL season, Scoring leaders\nNote: GP = Games played; G = Goals; A = Assists; Pts = Points; PIM = Penalty minutes", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 18], "section_span": [20, 35], "content_span": [36, 120]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074425-0003-0000", "contents": "1956\u201357 AHL season, All Star Classic\nThe 4th AHL All-Star game was played on October 23, 1956, at the Rhode Island Auditorium in Providence, Rhode Island. The defending Calder Cup champions Providence Reds won 4-0 versus the AHL All-Stars.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 18], "section_span": [20, 36], "content_span": [37, 239]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074426-0000-0000", "contents": "1956\u201357 Aberdeen F.C. season\nThe 1956\u201357 season was Aberdeen's 44th season in the top flight of Scottish football and their 46th season overall. Aberdeen competed in the Scottish League Division One, Scottish League Cup, and the Scottish Cup", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [28, 28], "content_span": [29, 241]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074427-0000-0000", "contents": "1956\u201357 Allsvenskan, Overview\nThe league was contested by 12 teams, with IFK Norrk\u00f6ping winning the championship.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [21, 29], "content_span": [30, 113]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074428-0000-0000", "contents": "1956\u201357 Allsvenskan (men's handball)\nThe 1956\u201357 Allsvenskan was the 23rd season of the top division of Swedish handball. 10 teams competed in the league. \u00d6rebro SK won the league and claimed their second Swedish title. Majornas IK and Ystads IF were relegated.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [36, 36], "content_span": [37, 261]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074430-0000-0000", "contents": "1956\u201357 Arsenal F.C. season\nDuring the 1956\u201357 English football season, Arsenal F.C. competed in the Football League First Division.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [27, 27], "content_span": [28, 132]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074430-0001-0000", "contents": "1956\u201357 Arsenal F.C. season, Squad\nNote: Flags indicate national team as defined under FIFA eligibility rules. Players may hold more than one non-FIFA nationality.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 34], "content_span": [35, 163]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074431-0000-0000", "contents": "1956\u201357 Atlantic Coast Conference men's basketball season\nThe following contains a list of games within the 1956-57 season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 57], "section_span": [57, 57], "content_span": [58, 123]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074431-0001-0000", "contents": "1956\u201357 Atlantic Coast Conference men's basketball season, NIT\nLeague rules prevented ACC teams from playing in the NIT, 1954\u20131966", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 57], "section_span": [59, 62], "content_span": [63, 130]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074432-0000-0000", "contents": "1956\u201357 Austrian football championship, Overview\nIt was contested by 14 teams, and SK Rapid Wien won the championship.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 48], "content_span": [49, 118]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074434-0000-0000", "contents": "1956\u201357 Belgian First Division, Overview\nIt was contested by 16 teams, and Royal Antwerp FC won the championship.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 40], "content_span": [41, 113]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074435-0000-0000", "contents": "1956\u201357 Be\u015fikta\u015f J.K. season\nThe 1956\u201357 season was Be\u015fikta\u015f's 41st official football season and their 54th year in existence. They finished 5th in the 1956-57 Istanbul League season behind Fenerbah\u00e7e, Galatasaray, \u0130stanbulspor and Beykoz. They also competed in Turkey's first ever professional national league, the Turkish Federation Cup. They won the cup and qualified for the 1957\u201358 European Cup, but the Turkish Football Federation did not send their names to the UEFA, therefore being disqualified without playing a single match.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [28, 28], "content_span": [29, 535]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074435-0001-0000", "contents": "1956\u201357 Be\u015fikta\u015f J.K. season, \u0130stanbul Football League\nIn the 1956-57 \u0130stanbul Football League season Be\u015fikta\u015f finished 5th place.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 54], "content_span": [55, 130]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074436-0000-0000", "contents": "1956\u201357 Birmingham City F.C. season\nThe 1956\u201357 Football League season was Birmingham City Football Club's 54th in the Football League and their 30th in the First Division. They finished in 12th position in the 22-team division. They entered the 1956\u201357 FA Cup at the third round proper and lost in the semi-final to Manchester United. In the inaugural edition of the Inter-Cities Fairs Cup, Birmingham finished top of their group so progressed to the semi-final.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [35, 35], "content_span": [36, 463]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074436-0001-0000", "contents": "1956\u201357 Birmingham City F.C. season\nTwenty-four players made at least one appearance in nationally organised first-team competition, and there were thirteen different goalscorers. Goalkeeper Gil Merrick played in 49 of the 51 first-team matches over the season, and Alex Govan finished as leading goalscorer with 30 goals in all competitions, of which 24 were scored in the league.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [35, 35], "content_span": [36, 381]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074436-0002-0000", "contents": "1956\u201357 Birmingham City F.C. season, Inter-Cities Fairs Cup\nThe last two group matches of the inaugural season of the Inter-Cities Fairs Cup were completed during this season, as a result of which Birmingham qualified for the semi-finals, in which they were to play Barcelona the following season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 59], "content_span": [60, 297]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074437-0000-0000", "contents": "1956\u201357 Blackpool F.C. season\nThe 1956\u201357 season was Blackpool F.C. 's 49th season (46th consecutive) in the Football League. They competed in the 22-team Division One, then the top tier of English football, finishing fourth.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [29, 29], "content_span": [30, 225]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074437-0001-0000", "contents": "1956\u201357 Blackpool F.C. season\nJackie Mudie was the club's top scorer for the second consecutive season, with 38 goals (32 in the league and six in the FA Cup, including four against Fulham in the fourth round).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [29, 29], "content_span": [30, 210]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074438-0000-0000", "contents": "1956\u201357 Boston Bruins season\nThe 1956\u20131957 Boston Bruins were one of six teams in the 40th season of the National Hockey League. The team finished with a record of 34 wins, 24 losses, and 12 ties. Their record earned them the third seed in the Stanley Cup playoffs, where they lost to the Montreal Canadiens in the final. With 21 goals and 39 assists, Center Don McKenney was the team's leading scorer.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [28, 28], "content_span": [29, 402]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074438-0001-0000", "contents": "1956\u201357 Boston Bruins season, Playoffs\nThe Boston Bruins were seeded third in the Stanley Cup Semi-finals, where they defeated the top seeded Detroit Red Wings 4\u20131. In the Stanley Cup Finals, the Bruins were defeated by the Montreal Canadiens 4\u20131.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 38], "content_span": [39, 247]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074438-0002-0000", "contents": "1956\u201357 Boston Bruins season, Awards and records\n26-year-old RW Larry Regan was awarded the Calder Memorial Trophy as the Rookie of the Year.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 48], "content_span": [49, 141]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074439-0000-0000", "contents": "1956\u201357 Boston Celtics season\nThe 1956\u201357 Boston Celtics season was the 11th season for the franchise in the National Basketball Association (NBA). This was the first time in franchise history, where the Celtics advanced to the NBA Finals, which they would later go onto win over the St. Louis Hawks in 7 games. The Celtics would make the Finals a record 10 consecutive seasons, spanning from this season to the 1965\u201366 season. They were led by 1957's MVP Bob Cousy, as well as Bill Russell, Bill Sharman, and 1957's Rookie of the Year Tom Heinsohn.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [29, 29], "content_span": [30, 549]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074440-0000-0000", "contents": "1956\u201357 Botola\nThe 1956-57 Botola is the first season of the Moroccan Premier League. Wydad Casablanca are the holders of the title.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [14, 14], "content_span": [15, 132]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074441-0000-0000", "contents": "1956\u201357 Bradford City A.F.C. season\nThe 1956\u201357 Bradford City A.F.C. season was the 44th in the club's history.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [35, 35], "content_span": [36, 111]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074441-0001-0000", "contents": "1956\u201357 Bradford City A.F.C. season\nThe club finished 9th in Division Three North, and reached the 1st round of the FA Cup.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [35, 35], "content_span": [36, 123]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074442-0000-0000", "contents": "1956\u201357 Brentford F.C. season\nDuring the 1956\u201357 English football season, Brentford competed in the Football League Third Division South. Despite topping the table early in the season, a poor run of form dropped the club to the lower reaches of mid-table by February 1957. A strong final two months of the season lifted the Bees to an 8th-place finish.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [29, 29], "content_span": [30, 352]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074442-0001-0000", "contents": "1956\u201357 Brentford F.C. season, Season summary\nWith Brentford having failed to challenge for promotion since relegation to the Third Division South in 1954, reduced attendances at Griffin Park meant that manager Bill Dodgin Sr. again had little to spend in the transfer market, with his lone acquisition being full back Sid Russell from local Sunday league football. Frank Latimer and Billy Sperrin were released after many years' service, in addition to more recent signings Leonard Geard, James Robertson and George Stobbart.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 45], "content_span": [46, 526]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074442-0002-0000", "contents": "1956\u201357 Brentford F.C. season, Season summary\nBrentford had a dream start to the 1956\u201357 season, winning the opening four matches and sitting atop the table. Three subsequent defeats dropped the Bees to as low as 13th-place, before top spot was again reached after another three wins in September 1956. Forwards Jeff Taylor and George Francis (supported by Jim Towers) were in imperious form, with Taylor having scored 9 goals and Francis 8 goals after 10 matches.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 45], "content_span": [46, 464]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074442-0002-0001", "contents": "1956\u201357 Brentford F.C. season, Season summary\nA 4\u20130 defeat away to Ipswich Town on 22 September ended the run and Brentford won just three of next 20 league matches, with Taylor and Francis completely losing form and Towers spending periods out injured. The signing of Chelsea forward Eric Parsons had little impact. The Bees reached their nadir on 19 January 1957, losing 7\u20130 to Walsall, a scoreline which equalled the club's record defeat. Three matches later, Brentford lost 5\u20131 to Northampton Town and completed a slide from 1st position on 18 September 1956 to 17th on 16 February 1957.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 45], "content_span": [46, 591]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074442-0002-0002", "contents": "1956\u201357 Brentford F.C. season, Season summary\nJim Towers' return to full fitness coincided with the team's return to form in March, with George Francis scoring five goals amidst a run of four consecutive wins. After victory over Southend United on 12 March, chairman Frank Davis announced that manager Bill Dodgin Sr. would be leaving Griffin Park at the end of the campaign. Brentford lost just two of the remaining 11 matches of the season and battled to an 8th-place finish.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 45], "content_span": [46, 477]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074442-0003-0000", "contents": "1956\u201357 Brentford F.C. season, Season summary\nA number of club records were set or equalled during the season:", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 45], "content_span": [46, 110]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074443-0000-0000", "contents": "1956\u201357 British Home Championship\nThe 1956\u201357 British Home Championship was the final full championship before the Munich air disaster would kill or end the careers of five England Internationals one from Northern Ireland mid-way through the following tournament. A close-fought competition between England and Scotland, the tournament also featured some very good performances from Wales and Ireland. For tournaments of the day, this was considered a low-scoring affair, although the performances were consistently high.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [33, 33], "content_span": [34, 521]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074443-0001-0000", "contents": "1956\u201357 British Home Championship\nEngland won the championship in a close final match, but after the first round all could have taken the trophy. Unusually it was England who were grateful for a point in Belfast after a dominant display from the Irish in a 1-1 draw  with the Scots and Welsh also playing out an opening indecisive game. In the second games, Wales were well beaten by England, but Scotland were forced to struggle to a 1\u20130 win over Ireland. In the final matches, any team could still have taken the trophy, but Wales and Ireland outplayed each other in their match and as a result drew 0\u20130, leaving the final game to be the decider between the English and the Scots. England triumphed eventually in a tough 2\u20131 win.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [33, 33], "content_span": [34, 731]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074444-0000-0000", "contents": "1956\u201357 British National League season\nThe 1956\u201357 British National League season was the third season of the British National League (1954\u20131960). Five teams participated in the league, and the Wembley Lions won the championship.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [38, 38], "content_span": [39, 229]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074445-0000-0000", "contents": "1956\u201357 Cardiff City F.C. season\nThe 1956\u201357 season was Cardiff City F.C. 's 30th season in the Football League. They competed in the 22-team Division One, then the first tier of English football, finishing twenty-first, suffering relegation to Division Two.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [32, 32], "content_span": [33, 258]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074445-0001-0000", "contents": "1956\u201357 Cardiff City F.C. season, Players\nNote: Flags indicate national team as defined under FIFA eligibility rules. Players may hold more than one non-FIFA nationality.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 41], "content_span": [42, 170]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074446-0000-0000", "contents": "1956\u201357 Carlisle United F.C. season\nFor the 1956\u201357 season, Carlisle United F.C. competed in Football League Third Division North.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [35, 35], "content_span": [36, 130]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074447-0000-0000", "contents": "1956\u201357 Celtic F.C. season\nDuring the 1956\u201357 Scottish football season, Celtic competed in Scottish Division One.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [26, 26], "content_span": [27, 113]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074448-0000-0000", "contents": "1956\u201357 Challenge Cup\nThe 1956\u201357 Challenge Cup was the 56th staging of rugby league's oldest knockout competition, the Challenge Cup.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [21, 21], "content_span": [22, 134]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074448-0001-0000", "contents": "1956\u201357 Challenge Cup, Final\nLeeds beat Barrow 9-7 in the Challenge Cup Final played at Wembley Stadium before a crowd of 76,318.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [23, 28], "content_span": [29, 129]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074448-0002-0000", "contents": "1956\u201357 Challenge Cup, Final\nThis was Leeds\u2019 eighth Challenge Cup Final win in ten Final appearances. Jeff Stevenson, their scrum half back, was awarded the Lance Todd Trophy for his man-of-the-match performance.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [23, 28], "content_span": [29, 212]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074449-0000-0000", "contents": "1956\u201357 Chester F.C. season\nThe 1956\u201357 season was the 19th season of competitive association football in the Football League played by Chester, an English club based in Chester, Cheshire.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [27, 27], "content_span": [28, 188]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074449-0001-0000", "contents": "1956\u201357 Chester F.C. season\nIt was the club's 19th consecutive season in the Third Division North since the election to the Football League. Alongside competing in the league, the club also participated in the FA Cup and the Welsh Cup.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [27, 27], "content_span": [28, 235]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074450-0000-0000", "contents": "1956\u201357 Chicago Black Hawks season\nThe 1956\u201357 Chicago Black Hawks season was the team's 31st season in the NHL, and the club was coming off their third consecutive last place finish in the league in 1955\u201356, as they had a 19\u201339\u201312 record, earning 50 points. The struggling Black Hawks had finished in last eight times in the past ten seasons, and only one playoff appearance since 1946.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [34, 34], "content_span": [35, 387]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074450-0001-0000", "contents": "1956\u201357 Chicago Black Hawks season\nOn October 1, the Hawks announced that head coach Dick Irvin resigned as head coach of the club due to ill health. Irvin was suffering from bone cancer and had been ill for the past two years, and was hospitalized in Montreal. Tommy Ivan took over for Irvin. On May 15, 1957, Dick Irvin died at the age of 64.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [34, 34], "content_span": [35, 344]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074450-0002-0000", "contents": "1956\u201357 Chicago Black Hawks season\nThe Black Hawks got off to a miserable start to the season, as they had a 2\u201312\u20131 record in their first 15 games, and sat in last place in the league. The team could never overcome their bad start, and slumped all season long, finishing the year with a 16\u201339\u201315 record, earning 47 points, and finishing in last place for the fourth straight season, and the ninth time in eleven years.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [34, 34], "content_span": [35, 418]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074450-0003-0000", "contents": "1956\u201357 Chicago Black Hawks season\nOffensively, Chicago was led by Ed Litzenberger, who led the club in goals with 32, and assists with 32, recording 64 points, which was good for fifth in the NHL. His 32 goals was the team's highest total since 1943\u201344. Johnny Wilson had a solid year, scoring 18 goals and 48 points, while Glen Skov also cracked the 40 point barrier, as he earned 42 points. Jack McIntyre led the defense with 18 goals and 32 points, while fellow defenceman and team captain Gus Mortson had 5 goals, 23 points, and a team high 147 penalty minutes.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [34, 34], "content_span": [35, 566]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074450-0004-0000", "contents": "1956\u201357 Chicago Black Hawks season\nIn goal, Al Rollins had all the playing time, winning 16 games, while posting a 3.20 GAA, and recording 3 shutouts.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [34, 34], "content_span": [35, 150]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074451-0000-0000", "contents": "1956\u201357 Colchester United F.C. season\nThe 1956\u201357 season was Colchester United's 15th season in their history and their seventh season in the Third Division South, the third tier of English football. Alongside competing in the Third Division South, the club also participated in the FA Cup in which the club were eliminated by Southend United in the first round in the first Essex derby in a cup competition. The season would be Colchester United's highest league finish for 50 years by ending their campaign in third position. It has only been bettered on three occasions; the 2005\u201306 season, 2006\u201307 season and the 2007\u201308 season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [37, 37], "content_span": [38, 632]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074451-0001-0000", "contents": "1956\u201357 Colchester United F.C. season, Season overview\nThe 1956\u201357 season proved to be Colchester United's best finish in their history, ending the season in third position in the third tier with a result that was not bettered until 2006. For the majority of the season, Colchester were favourites for promotion, during which time they went 20 league games unbeaten between December 1956 and Easter 1957.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [39, 54], "content_span": [55, 404]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074451-0002-0000", "contents": "1956\u201357 Colchester United F.C. season, Season overview\nColchester and rivals Ipswich Town vied for the top spot for much of the season. Colchester were seven-points ahead of their third-placed rivals when the two sides met at Layer Road on 16 February 1957. A record crowd of 18,559 witnessed the 0\u20130 draw, with over 4,000 fans turned away and over 100 spectators witnessing the action from the roof of the Popular Side stand. Player-manager Benny Fenton missed a 21st-minute penalty during the match, which was saved by Ipswich goalkeeper Roy Bailey.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [39, 54], "content_span": [55, 551]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074451-0003-0000", "contents": "1956\u201357 Colchester United F.C. season, Season overview\nA 2\u20131 win over second-placed Torquay United, who trailed by four points as a result, improved Colchester's title credentials. However, the loss of influential players to injury including Bob Dale and Chic Milligan damaged Colchester's hopes. Three consecutive draws in late March and early April allowed Torquay to close the gap to just one point, with Ipswich five points adrift.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [39, 54], "content_span": [55, 435]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074451-0003-0001", "contents": "1956\u201357 Colchester United F.C. season, Season overview\nOver Easter 1957, Colchester lost three consecutive away games at Millwall, Walsall and Swindon Town, but won their final game of the season 2\u20130 against Watford to put them back at the top of the table, but both Ipswich and Torquay's final matches were 24 hours later. Both sides won their final games, with Colchester slipping to third position in the table and Ipswich were promoted as champions, level on points with Torquay but with a better goal average, while they finished one point ahead of Colchester. Colchester played the entire season unbeaten at Layer Road.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [39, 54], "content_span": [55, 625]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074451-0004-0000", "contents": "1956\u201357 Colchester United F.C. season, Squad statistics, Player debuts\nPlayers making their first-team Colchester United debut in a fully competitive match.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [39, 70], "content_span": [71, 156]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074452-0000-0000", "contents": "1956\u201357 Colorado College Tigers men's ice hockey season\nThe 1956\u201357 Colorado College Tigers men's ice hockey team represented Colorado College in college ice hockey. In its 2nd year under head coach Tom Bedecki, the team compiled a 25\u20135\u20130 record, outscored opponents 205 to 106, and won the 1957 NCAA Men's Ice Hockey Tournament. The Tigers defeated Michigan 13\u20136 in the championship game at the Broadmoor World Arena in Colorado Springs, Colorado. CC tied the record for the most goals scored in a championship game (1950) and combined with the Wolverines for the most total goals in a title game (19). As of 2018 this is the last time Colorado College has won the national title in ice hockey.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 55], "section_span": [55, 55], "content_span": [56, 695]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074452-0001-0000", "contents": "1956\u201357 Colorado College Tigers men's ice hockey season, Season\nAfter appearing in the first five national tournaments Colorado College had made the championship once in the next four years. CC's fortunes turned the year before when Bill Hay, a standout junior player from Saskatchewan hitchhiked down to Colorado Springs and was able to talk both himself and his fried Bob McCusker into athletic scholarships. Both players made their varsity debut in 1956\u201357, as did much of the team, and the Tigers quickly jumped to the top of the standings. After opening the regular season against two junior teams from Canada, CC welcomed four different collegiate opponents into their building and won every single game.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 55], "section_span": [57, 63], "content_span": [64, 710]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074452-0002-0000", "contents": "1956\u201357 Colorado College Tigers men's ice hockey season, Season\nWith the Tigers sporting a 12-0 record they hit the road for the first time but didn't have to leave the state when they travelled to Denver to face the Pioneers. Colorado College's perfect record was spoiled with a 3\u20136 defeat but the returned the favor the next night at home, beating their in-state rival 8\u20137 in overtime. The Tigers hosted another pair of Canadian junior teams before heading north to face an improving Fighting Sioux team and lost both matches.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 55], "section_span": [57, 63], "content_span": [64, 528]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074452-0002-0001", "contents": "1956\u201357 Colorado College Tigers men's ice hockey season, Season\nTwo days later CC finally won its first road game of the season, beating Minnesota twice before returning to Colorado to take the second home-and-home series against Denver. After redeeming themselves against North Dakota in two home wins the Tigers split a road series with Michigan Tech to close out their season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 55], "section_span": [57, 63], "content_span": [64, 379]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074452-0003-0000", "contents": "1956\u201357 Colorado College Tigers men's ice hockey season, Season\nDespite CC's struggles on the road the team was able to win the WIHL title handily and, with a superb 19\u20131 home record, post the best season in team history (As of 2018). Colorado College was led back to the NCAA tournament by Hay and McCusker who finished first (tied) and third in scoring in the nation. Both players earned their way onto one of the two All-American Teams as did team captain Don Wishart and all three players were first-team All-WIHL.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 55], "section_span": [57, 63], "content_span": [64, 518]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074452-0004-0000", "contents": "1956\u201357 Colorado College Tigers men's ice hockey season, Season\nBefitting the western champion, Colorado College was selected as the #1 seed in the west and opened the tournament against Clarkson who had compiled an undefeated season the year before and followed that up with a stellar 18\u20132 mark. Despite the two teams' success the Golden Knights were completely outmatched by older and larger CC team. While the final score was relatively close, 5\u20133 with a hat-trick from Bob McCusker, the Tigers nearly tripled the number of shots from Clarkson (60\u201321) and the Green and Gold couldn't score enough to reward the valiant effort from the goaltender Eddie MacDonald.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 55], "section_span": [57, 63], "content_span": [64, 665]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074452-0005-0000", "contents": "1956\u201357 Colorado College Tigers men's ice hockey season, Season\nIn the title tilt CC found itself pitted against two-time defending champion Michigan who had won five of the six national titles since CC earned its first championship in 1950. The Wolverines had utterly dominated the series between the two teams over the previous decade and won all three games the pair played in the NCAA Tournament despite every game being played at the Broadmoor World Arena. None of those losses, however, had come with Hay and McCusker on the team and the two sophomores combined to score the first three goals of the contest.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 55], "section_span": [57, 63], "content_span": [64, 614]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074452-0005-0001", "contents": "1956\u201357 Colorado College Tigers men's ice hockey season, Season\nShowing the championship mettle, Michigan responded with three of their own before the first period was over and erased the CC advantage. CC goalie Bob Southwood settled down in the second period and when the Tigers scored three more times the Wolverines could only muster one in response.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 55], "section_span": [57, 63], "content_span": [64, 353]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074452-0005-0002", "contents": "1956\u201357 Colorado College Tigers men's ice hockey season, Season\nEven with a two-goal lead the Tigers didn't pull back in the third and after McCusker opened the scoring with his third of the game the rest of the team followed suit and score five more times before Michigan got its fifth but by then it was far too late and the Tigers eventually cruised to a 13\u20136 victory, winning their second National Title.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 55], "section_span": [57, 63], "content_span": [64, 408]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074452-0006-0000", "contents": "1956\u201357 Colorado College Tigers men's ice hockey season, Season\nBob McCusker tied the NCAA records for goals (4) and points (6) in a championship game and was the logical choice for Most Outstanding Player. McCusker was accompanied by Bill Hay and Don Wishart on the All-Tournament First Team while Dick McGhee and John Andrews made the Second Team.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 55], "section_span": [57, 63], "content_span": [64, 349]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074452-0007-0000", "contents": "1956\u201357 Colorado College Tigers men's ice hockey season, Standings\nWhen teams met each other four times, one point was awarded for a win, one-half point for a tie. Maximum 24 points available.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 55], "section_span": [57, 66], "content_span": [67, 192]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074452-0008-0000", "contents": "1956\u201357 Colorado College Tigers men's ice hockey season, Schedule\nConference games against Michigan State, Michigan Tech and Minnesota were only worth 1 point in the standings.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 55], "section_span": [57, 65], "content_span": [66, 176]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074453-0000-0000", "contents": "1956\u201357 Connecticut Huskies men's basketball team\nThe 1956\u201357 Connecticut Huskies men's basketball team represented the University of Connecticut in the 1956\u201357 collegiate men's basketball season. The Huskies completed the season with a 17\u20138 overall record. The Huskies were members of the Yankee Conference, where they ended the season with an 8\u20130 record. They were the Yankee Conference regular season champions and made it to the first round in the 1957 NCAA Men's Division I Basketball Tournament. The Huskies played their home games at Hugh S. Greer Field House in Storrs, Connecticut, and were led by eleventh-year head coach Hugh Greer.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 49], "section_span": [49, 49], "content_span": [50, 643]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074454-0000-0000", "contents": "1956\u201357 Copa M\u00e9xico\nThe Copa M\u00e9xico 1956\u201357 was the 41st edition of the Copa M\u00e9xico and the 14th staging in the professional era. Thirteen teams from Primera Divisi\u00f3n and three from Segunda Divisi\u00f3n participated.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [19, 19], "content_span": [20, 212]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074454-0001-0000", "contents": "1956\u201357 Copa M\u00e9xico\nThe competition started on March 3, 1957, and concluded on April 28, 1957, with the Final, held at the Estadio Ol\u00edmpico de la Ciudad de los Deportes in Mexico City, in which Zacatepec defeated Le\u00f3n 1\u20130.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [19, 19], "content_span": [20, 222]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074455-0000-0000", "contents": "1956\u201357 Cypriot First Division\nStatistics of the Cypriot First Division for the 1956\u201357 season. This year no relegation took place after an agreement between the clubs.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [30, 30], "content_span": [31, 168]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074455-0001-0000", "contents": "1956\u201357 Cypriot First Division, Overview\nIt was contested by 9 teams, and Anorthosis Famagusta FC won the championship. There was no relegation this season, because the league was expanded to 10 teams in the next season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 40], "content_span": [41, 220]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074456-0000-0000", "contents": "1956\u201357 Cypriot Second Division\nThe 1956\u201357 Cypriot Second Division was the 4th season of the Cypriot second-level football league. Apollon Limassol won their 1st title.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [31, 31], "content_span": [32, 169]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074456-0001-0000", "contents": "1956\u201357 Cypriot Second Division, Format\nNine teams participated in the 1956\u201357 Cypriot Second Division. The league was split into two geographical groups, depending from which Districts of Cyprus each participated team came from. All teams of each group played against each other twice, once at their home and once away. The team with the most points at the end of the season were crowned group champions. The winners of each group played against each other in the final phase of the competition and the winner were the champions of the Second Division. The champion was promoted to the 1957\u201358 Cypriot First Division.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 39], "content_span": [40, 618]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074456-0002-0000", "contents": "1956\u201357 Cypriot Second Division, Format\nTeams received two points for a win, one point for a draw and zero points for a loss.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 39], "content_span": [40, 125]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074456-0003-0000", "contents": "1956\u201357 Cypriot Second Division, Champions playoffs\nApollon Limassol were the champions of the Second Division and they were promoted to 1957\u201358 Cypriot First Division.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 51], "content_span": [52, 168]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074457-0000-0000", "contents": "1956\u201357 Czechoslovak Extraliga season\nThe 1956\u201357 Czechoslovak Extraliga season was the 14th season of the Czechoslovak Extraliga, the top level of ice hockey in Czechoslovakia. 14 teams participated in the league, and Ruda Hvezda Brno won the championship.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [37, 37], "content_span": [38, 257]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074458-0000-0000", "contents": "1956\u201357 DDR-Oberliga (ice hockey) season\nThe 1956\u201357 DDR-Oberliga season was the ninth season of the DDR-Oberliga, the top level of ice hockey in East Germany. Six teams participated in the league, and SG Dynamo Wei\u00dfwasser won the championship.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [40, 40], "content_span": [41, 244]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074459-0000-0000", "contents": "1956\u201357 DFB-Pokal\nThe 1956\u201357 DFB-Pokal was the 14th season of the annual German football cup competition. It began on 4 August 1957 and ended on 29 December 1957. 4 teams competed in the tournament of two rounds. In the final Bayern Munich defeated Fortuna D\u00fcsseldorf 1\u20130, thereby winning their first title.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [17, 17], "content_span": [18, 308]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074460-0000-0000", "contents": "1956\u201357 Danish 1st Division, Overview\nIt was contested by 10 teams, and Aarhus Gymnastikforening won the championship.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 37], "content_span": [38, 118]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074460-0001-0000", "contents": "1956\u201357 Danish 1st Division, Overview\nIt had been decided that the league would follow the calendar year with start in march and end in late October/early November, the league therefore played an extra half-season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 37], "content_span": [38, 214]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074461-0000-0000", "contents": "1956\u201357 Danish Cup\nThe 1956\u201357 Danish Cup was the 3rd installment of the Danish Cup, the highest football competition in Denmark.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 18], "section_span": [18, 18], "content_span": [19, 129]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074462-0000-0000", "contents": "1956\u201357 Detroit Red Wings season\nThe 1956\u20131957 Detroit Red Wings were one of six teams in the 40th season of the National Hockey League. The team finished with a record of 38 wins, 20 losses, and 12 ties, giving the Red Wings the best record in the regular season and the Prince of Wales Trophy. Their record earned the Red Wings first seed in the 1957 Stanley Cup Semi-finals, where Detroit lost their playoff series with the Boston Bruins 4\u20131.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [32, 32], "content_span": [33, 445]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074462-0001-0000", "contents": "1956\u201357 Detroit Red Wings season\nGordie Howe led the NHL in both goals scored (44) and points overall (89), beating fellow Red Wing Ted Lindsay by four points. Howe also won the Art Ross Trophy and Hart Memorial Trophy.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [32, 32], "content_span": [33, 219]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074462-0002-0000", "contents": "1956\u201357 Detroit Red Wings season, Player statistics, Playoffs\nNote: GP = Games played; G = Goals; A = Assists; Pts = Points; +/- = Plus-minus PIM = Penalty minutes; PPG = Power-play goals; SHG = Short-handed goals; GWG = Game-winning goals;\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0MIN = Minutes played; W = Wins; L = Losses; T = Ties; GA = Goals against; GAA = Goals-against average;  SO = Shutouts;", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 61], "content_span": [62, 364]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074463-0000-0000", "contents": "1956\u201357 Drexel Dragons men's basketball team\nThe 1956\u201357 Drexel Dragons men's basketball team represented Drexel Institute of Technology during the 1956\u201357 men's basketball season. The Dragons, led by 5th year head coach Samuel Cozen, played their home games at Sayre High School and were members of the College\u2013Southern division of the Middle Atlantic Conferences (MAC).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [44, 44], "content_span": [45, 371]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074463-0001-0000", "contents": "1956\u201357 Drexel Dragons men's basketball team\nThe team finished the season 14\u20133, and finished in 1st place in the MAC in the regular season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [44, 44], "content_span": [45, 139]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074464-0000-0000", "contents": "1956\u201357 Duke Blue Devils men's basketball team\nThe 1956\u201357 Duke Blue Devils men's basketball team represented Duke University in the 1956-57 NCAA Division I men's basketball season. The head coach was Harold Bradley and the team finished the season with an overall record of 13\u201311.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 46], "section_span": [46, 46], "content_span": [47, 281]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074465-0000-0000", "contents": "1956\u201357 Dumbarton F.C. season\nThe 1956\u201357 season was the 73rd football season in which Dumbarton competed at a Scottish national level, entering the Scottish Football League, the Scottish Cup and the Scottish League Cup. In addition Dumbarton competed in the Stirlingshire Cup.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [29, 29], "content_span": [30, 277]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074465-0001-0000", "contents": "1956\u201357 Dumbarton F.C. season, Scottish League\nBy coming so close to promotion the previous season, confidence was high to mount a serious challenge on the Division 2 title. However, despite breaking the 100 goals scored in a league season for the first time, the 70 against was never going to be 'championship material' and only a 9th place was achieved with 38 points, 26 behind runaway winners Clyde.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 46], "content_span": [47, 403]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074465-0002-0000", "contents": "1956\u201357 Dumbarton F.C. season, Scottish Cup\nIn the Cup, Dumbarton dispatched two Division 1 clubs en route to the quarter finals, where Raith Rovers were to prove too strong.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 43], "content_span": [44, 174]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074465-0003-0000", "contents": "1956\u201357 Dumbarton F.C. season, Scottish League Cup\nDumbarton failed to qualify from their section in the League Cup, although it was their poor home performances which were to count against them this season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 50], "content_span": [51, 207]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074465-0004-0000", "contents": "1956\u201357 Dumbarton F.C. season, Stirlingshire Cup\nWith an aggregate win over Alloa Athletic in the final, the county cup returned to Dumbarton for the second time.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 48], "content_span": [49, 162]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074465-0005-0000", "contents": "1956\u201357 Dumbarton F.C. season, Player statistics, Transfers\nAmongst those players joining and leaving the club were the following:", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 59], "content_span": [60, 130]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074465-0006-0000", "contents": "1956\u201357 Dumbarton F.C. season, Reserve team\nDumbarton played a 'reserve' team in the Alliance League, which was set up for Division 2 sides. The season was split into two 'series' - with Dumbarton winning the First Series (with 6 wins and 2 draws from 10 games) and finishing as runners up in the Second (with 6 wins and 3 draws from 12 games).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 43], "content_span": [44, 344]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074466-0000-0000", "contents": "1956\u201357 Dundee F.C. season\nThe 1956\u201357 season was the fifty-fifth season in which Dundee competed at a Scottish national level, playing in Division One, where the club would finish in 10th place. Dundee would also compete in both the Scottish Cup and the Scottish League Cup. They would be knocked out by Clyde in the 5th round of the Scottish Cup via replay, but would make it to the Semi-finals of the League Cup before being defeated in a replay by Partick Thistle. The club's home shirt would change collar-style, from button-up to V-neck, with white arm borders and red socks returning, while the navy short borders were removed.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [26, 26], "content_span": [27, 634]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074467-0000-0000", "contents": "1956\u201357 Dundee United F.C. season\nThe 1956\u201357 season was the 49th year of football played by Dundee United, and covers the period from 1 July 1956 to 30 June 1957. United finished in thirteenth place in the Second Division.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [33, 33], "content_span": [34, 223]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074467-0001-0000", "contents": "1956\u201357 Dundee United F.C. season, Match results\nDundee United played a total of 50 competitive matches during the 1956\u201357 season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 48], "content_span": [49, 130]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074467-0002-0000", "contents": "1956\u201357 Dundee United F.C. season, Match results, Legend\nAll results are written with Dundee United's score first. Own goals in italics", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 56], "content_span": [57, 135]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074468-0000-0000", "contents": "1956\u201357 Eerste Divisie\nThe 1956\u201357 season was the first season in the history of the Eerste Divisie, the second tier of football in the Netherlands. The league had been divided in two, with an Eerste Divisie A and an Eerste Divisie B, each comprising 16 teams. The two champions, ADO Den Haag and Blauw-Wit Amsterdam, were promoted to the Eredivisie, while the teams finishing last in each division, Emma and EBOH, both of Dordrecht, were relegated to the Tweede Divisie.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [22, 22], "content_span": [23, 471]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074468-0001-0000", "contents": "1956\u201357 Eerste Divisie\nThe composition of the league was based on the results of the previous season. The teams that had finished 10th to 18th in the Hoofdklasse A and Hoofdklasse B, then the country's highest tiers, and 14 teams from the Eerste Klasse were placed in the Eerste Divisie.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [22, 22], "content_span": [23, 287]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074469-0000-0000", "contents": "1956\u201357 Egyptian Premier League\nThe 1956\u201357 Egyptian Premier League, was the 7th season of the Egyptian Premier League, the top Egyptian professional league for association football clubs, since its establishment in 1948. The season started on 31 August 1956 and concluded on 9 June 1957. Defending champions Al Ahly won their 7th consecutive and 7th overall Egyptian Premier League title in the club history.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [31, 31], "content_span": [32, 409]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074469-0001-0000", "contents": "1956\u201357 Egyptian Premier League, League Table\n(C)= Champions, (R)= Relegated, Pld = Matches played; W = Matches won; D = Matches drawn; L = Matches lost; F = Goals for; A = Goals against; \u00b1 = Goal difference; Pts = Points.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 45], "content_span": [46, 222]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074470-0000-0000", "contents": "1956\u201357 Eredivisie\nThe 1956\u201357 season of the Eredivisie was the first in its history. It was the start of a single professional football competition in the Netherlands, represented by the country's best clubs. It was contested by 18 teams, and Ajax won the championship.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 18], "section_span": [18, 18], "content_span": [19, 270]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074471-0000-0000", "contents": "1956\u201357 European Cup\nThe 1956\u201357 European Cup was the second season of the European Cup, Europe's premier club football tournament. The competition was won for the second time by Real Madrid, who beat Fiorentina 2\u20130 in the final at the Santiago Bernab\u00e9u Stadium, Madrid, on 30 May 1957.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [20, 20], "content_span": [21, 286]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074471-0001-0000", "contents": "1956\u201357 European Cup\nAfter the great success of the first tournament, six new nations entered representatives: Bulgaria, Czechoslovakia, England, Luxembourg, Romania and Turkey. The English Football Association (\"FA\") had not allowed Chelsea to enter in 1955, and continued its stance on the European Cup as it being a \"distraction\". However, against the wishes of the FA, Manchester United entered the competition as English champions, becoming the first English team to play in Europe. An additional place was awarded to Real Madrid as the competition's reigning champions, occupying the free berth left by Saar after its reunification with West Germany. Spain, meanwhile, became the first association to provide two representatives to the premier European competition.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [20, 20], "content_span": [21, 771]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074471-0002-0000", "contents": "1956\u201357 European Cup\nAll Nice, Honv\u00e9d, CWKS, Rapid JC, Porto, Rangers, Athletic Club, N\u00f6rkopping, Grasshoppers, Borussia Dortmund, Red Star Belgrade, CDNA Sofia, Slovan Bratislava, Manchester United, Spora Luxembourg, Dinamo Bucure\u0219ti and Galatasaray enter the competition first time.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [20, 20], "content_span": [21, 284]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074471-0003-0000", "contents": "1956\u201357 European Cup, Preliminary round\nThe draw for the preliminary round took place in UEFA headquarters in Paris on 29 June 1956. The 21 challengers of Real Madrid were grouped geographically into three pots. The first four teams drawn in each pot would play the preliminary round in September, while the remaining three clubs received byes.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [22, 39], "content_span": [40, 344]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074471-0004-0000", "contents": "1956\u201357 European Cup, Preliminary round\nThe calendar was decided by the involved teams, with all matches to be played by 1 October.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [22, 39], "content_span": [40, 131]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074471-0005-0000", "contents": "1956\u201357 European Cup, Top scorers\nThe top scorers from the 1956\u201357 European Cup (including preliminary round) were as follows:", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [22, 33], "content_span": [34, 126]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074472-0000-0000", "contents": "1956\u201357 European Cup (handball)\nThe 1956\u201357 European Cup was the first edition of Europe's premier club handball tournament.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [31, 31], "content_span": [32, 124]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074473-0000-0000", "contents": "1956\u201357 Everton F.C. season\nDuring the 1956\u201357 English football season, Everton F.C. competed in the Football League First Division.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [27, 27], "content_span": [28, 132]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074473-0001-0000", "contents": "1956\u201357 Everton F.C. season, Final League Table\nP = Matches played; W = Matches won; D = Matches drawn; L = Matches lost; F = Goals for; A = Goals against; GA = Goal average; GD = Goal difference; Pts = Points", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 47], "content_span": [48, 209]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074474-0000-0000", "contents": "1956\u201357 FA Cup\nThe 1956\u201357 FA Cup  was the 76th staging of the world's oldest football cup competition, the Football Association Challenge Cup, commonly known as the FA Cup. Aston Villa won the competition, beating Manchester United 2\u20131 in the final at Wembley, London.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [14, 14], "content_span": [15, 269]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074474-0001-0000", "contents": "1956\u201357 FA Cup\nMatches were played at the stadium of the team named first on the date specified for each round, which was always a Saturday. If scores were level after 90 minutes had been played, a replay would take place at the stadium of the second-named team later the same week. If the replayed match was drawn further replays would be held at neutral venues until a winner was determined. If scores were level after 90 minutes had been played in a replay, a 30-minute period of extra time would be played.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [14, 14], "content_span": [15, 510]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074474-0002-0000", "contents": "1956\u201357 FA Cup, Results, First Round Proper\nAt this stage all clubs from the Football League Third Division North and South joined those 30 non-league clubs having come through the qualifying rounds. To complete this round Bishop Auckland and Bedford Town given byes to this round. Matches were played on Saturday, 17 November 1956. Eight matches were drawn, with replays taking place later the same week.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [16, 43], "content_span": [44, 405]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074474-0003-0000", "contents": "1956\u201357 FA Cup, Results, Second Round\nThe matches were played on Saturday, 8 December 1956. Three matches were drawn, with replays taking place on the following Wednesday.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [16, 37], "content_span": [38, 171]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074474-0004-0000", "contents": "1956\u201357 FA Cup, Results, Third Round\nThe 44 First and Second Division clubs entered the competition at this stage and the matches were played on Saturday, 5 January 1957. Eleven matches were drawn, with replays taking place later the same week, and two ties required second replays, which were both played on Monday, 14 January 1957.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [16, 36], "content_span": [37, 333]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074474-0005-0000", "contents": "1956\u201357 FA Cup, Results, Fourth Round\nThe matches were played on Saturday, 26 January 1957. No replays were necessary.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [16, 37], "content_span": [38, 118]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074474-0006-0000", "contents": "1956\u201357 FA Cup, Results, Fifth Round\nThe matches were played on Saturday, 16 February 1957. Two matches were drawn and replayed later the same week.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [16, 36], "content_span": [37, 148]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074474-0007-0000", "contents": "1956\u201357 FA Cup, Results, Final\nThe final took place on Saturday, 4 May 1957 at Wembley and ended in a victory for Aston Villa over Manchester United by 2\u20131. The attendance was 100,000.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [16, 30], "content_span": [31, 184]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074475-0000-0000", "contents": "1956\u201357 FA Cup qualifying rounds\nThe FA Cup 1956\u201357 is the 76th season of the world's oldest football knockout competition; The Football Association Challenge Cup, or FA Cup for short. The large number of clubs entering the tournament from lower down the English football league system meant that the competition started with a number of preliminary and qualifying rounds. The 30 victorious teams from the Fourth Round Qualifying progressed to the First Round Proper.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [32, 32], "content_span": [33, 467]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074475-0001-0000", "contents": "1956\u201357 FA Cup qualifying rounds, 4th qualifying round\nThe teams that given byes to this round are Crook Town, Walthamstow Avenue, Yeovil Town, Gainsborough Trinity, Weymouth, Rhyl, Hereford United, Wigan Athletic, Blyth Spartans, Peterborough United, Headington United, Hastings United, Guildford City, Nuneaton Borough, Selby Town, Newport I O W, Boston United, Scarborough, Netherfield, Dorchester Town, Worksop Town, Wycombe Wanderers, Burton Albion and Easington Colliery Welfare.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 54], "content_span": [55, 485]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074475-0002-0000", "contents": "1956\u201357 FA Cup qualifying rounds, 1956\u201357 FA Cup\nSee 1956-57 FA Cup for details of the rounds from the First Round Proper onwards.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 48], "content_span": [49, 130]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074476-0000-0000", "contents": "1956\u201357 FC Basel season\nThe 1956\u201357 season was Fussball Club Basel 1893's 63rd season in their existence. It was their eleventh consecutive season in the top flight of Swiss football after their promotion from the Nationalliga B the season 1945\u201346. They played their home games in the Landhof, in the Wettstein Quarter in Kleinbasel. Jules D\u00fcblin was again the club's chairman. At the AGM he was voted as club chairman for his eleventh successive period.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [23, 23], "content_span": [24, 454]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074476-0001-0000", "contents": "1956\u201357 FC Basel season, Overview\nThe Hungarian ex-international footballer B\u00e9la S\u00e1rosi who had been hired in as new team manager the previous season continued as coach this season. Basel played a total of 41 games this season. Of these 41 matches 26 were in the domestic league, three matches were in the Swiss Cup and 12 were friendly matches. The friendly games resulted with five victories, two were drawn and five friendlies ended with a defeat. In total, including the test games and the cup competition, 21 games were won, seven were drawn and 13 were lost. In their 41 games they scored 78 and conceded 65 goals.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 33], "content_span": [34, 620]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074476-0002-0000", "contents": "1956\u201357 FC Basel season, Overview\nThere were fourteen teams contesting the 1956\u201357 Nationalliga A, these were the top 12 teams from the previous season and the two newly promoted teams Winterthur and Young Fellows Z\u00fcrich. Again this season, the bottom two teams in the table were to be relegated. Basel won 15 of their 26 games and drew four times and lost seven times. They scored 53 goals and conceded 48. Basel ended the championship with 34 points in 4th position. They were 11 points behind the new champions Young Boys.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 33], "content_span": [34, 525]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074476-0002-0001", "contents": "1956\u201357 FC Basel season, Overview\nAt the end of the league table Z\u00fcrich and Young Fellows Z\u00fcrich ended the season level with 14 points, joint second last, and therefore they had to play a relegation play-off. The Young Fellows won this play-off match and therefore Z\u00fcrich suffered relegation together with Schaffhausen who had finished in last position.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 33], "content_span": [34, 353]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074476-0003-0000", "contents": "1956\u201357 FC Basel season, Overview\nJosef H\u00fcgi was the team's top league goal scorer with 22 goals. He managed three hat-tricks during the league season, in the home match against Z\u00fcrich (26 August 1956), in the home game against Chiasso (28 October) and in the away game against La Chaux-de-Fonds (3 March 1957). H\u00fcgi (II) was third in the league top scorer list, behind Adrien Kauer from La Chaux-de-Fonds with 29 goals and Branislav Vukosavljevi\u0107 from Grasshopper Club who had scored 26 times. Gottlieb St\u00e4uble was the team's second best goal scorer with 10 goals, Peter-J\u00fcrgen Sanmann netted eight times and both Hermann Suter and Hansueli Oberer netted six times.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 33], "content_span": [34, 666]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074476-0004-0000", "contents": "1956\u201357 FC Basel season, Overview\nBasel joined the Swiss Cup in the third principal round. They were drawn away against lower tier local team SC Burgdorf and won 1\u20130. In the fourth round they were drawn away to lower tier Luzern and this ended in a goalless draw after over time. The replay was held at the Landhof but here Basel were knocked out. La Chaux-de-Fonds won the competition.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 33], "content_span": [34, 386]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074476-0005-0000", "contents": "1956\u201357 FC Basel season, Players\nThe following is the list of the Basel first team squad during the season 1956\u201357. The list includes players that were in the squad on the day that the Nationalliga A season started on 26 August 1956 but subsequently left the club after that date.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 32], "content_span": [33, 280]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074476-0006-0000", "contents": "1956\u201357 FC Basel season, Players\nNote: Flags indicate national team as defined under FIFA eligibility rules. Players may hold more than one non-FIFA nationality.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 32], "content_span": [33, 161]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074476-0007-0000", "contents": "1956\u201357 FC Basel season, Players\nNote: Flags indicate national team as defined under FIFA eligibility rules. Players may hold more than one non-FIFA nationality.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 32], "content_span": [33, 161]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074477-0000-0000", "contents": "1956\u201357 FK Partizan season\nThe 1956\u201357 season was the 11th season in FK Partizan's existence. This article shows player statistics and matches that the club played during the 1956\u201357 season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [26, 26], "content_span": [27, 190]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074478-0000-0000", "contents": "1956\u201357 Federation Cup\nThe 1956\u201357 Turkish Federation Cup was the first professional nationwide football competition in Turkey. The tournament was organized by the Turkish Football Federation (TFF) to select a club that would represent Turkey in the 1957\u201358 European Cup. 30 clubs participated: 10 from Istanbul, 10 from \u0130zmir, 8 from Ankara, and 2 from Adana. These teams were split into three groups: the Istanbul Group, \u0130zmir Group, and the Ankara Group (the two clubs from Adana were included in the Ankara Group). The first three rounds were contested in a single knock-out system. The top two teams from each group qualified for the Final Group, which was played in league format.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [22, 22], "content_span": [23, 686]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074478-0001-0000", "contents": "1956\u201357 Federation Cup\nBe\u015fikta\u015f won the title and qualified for the 1957\u201358 European Cup as Turkish champions. However, since the TFF failed to register their name for the draw in time, they could not participate in the European Cup in that season after all.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [22, 22], "content_span": [23, 258]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074479-0000-0000", "contents": "1956\u201357 Football League\nThe 1956\u201357 season was the 58th completed season of The Football League.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [23, 23], "content_span": [24, 96]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074479-0001-0000", "contents": "1956\u201357 Football League, Final league tables\nThe tables below are reproduced here in the exact form that they can be found at  website and in Rothmans Book of Football League Records 1888\u201389 to 1978\u201379, with home and away statistics separated.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 44], "content_span": [45, 243]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074479-0002-0000", "contents": "1956\u201357 Football League, Final league tables\nBeginning with the season 1894\u201395, clubs finishing level on points were separated according to goal average (goals scored divided by goals conceded), or more properly put, goal ratio. In case one or more teams had the same goal difference, this system favoured those teams who had scored fewer goals. The goal average system was eventually scrapped beginning with the 1976\u201377 season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 44], "content_span": [45, 428]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074479-0003-0000", "contents": "1956\u201357 Football League, Final league tables\nFrom the 1922\u201323 season, the bottom two teams of both Third Division North and Third Division South were required to apply for re-election.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 44], "content_span": [45, 184]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074480-0000-0000", "contents": "1956\u201357 Fort Wayne Pistons season\nThe 1956\u201357 NBA season was the Pistons' ninth season in the NBA, 16th season as a franchise, and the final season for the team in Fort Wayne. The Pistons won 34, and lost 38, finishing in a three-way tie for first in the Western Division, but were seeded third after the St. Louis Hawks defeated both the Pistons and the Minneapolis Lakers in tie-breaking games. In the West Semifinals, the Lakers eliminated the Pistons, two games to none.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [33, 33], "content_span": [34, 474]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074480-0001-0000", "contents": "1956\u201357 Fort Wayne Pistons season\nFollowing the season, the Pistons relocated to Detroit. As a result, Indiana would not get another pro basketball team until the Indiana Pacers of the ABA was formed in 1967. The NBA returned to Indiana with the NBA-ABA merger in 1976.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [33, 33], "content_span": [34, 269]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074481-0000-0000", "contents": "1956\u201357 Four Hills Tournament\nThe fifth edition of the annual Four Hills Tournament in Germany and Austria was won by Pentti Uotinen. Another Finnish athlete, Eino Kirjonen placed second in the overall ranking for the third time. It was the first edition without the winner of the inaugural tournament, Sepp Bradl.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [29, 29], "content_span": [30, 314]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074481-0001-0000", "contents": "1956\u201357 Four Hills Tournament\nThe defending champion, Nikolay Kamenskiy, won the event in Garmisch-Partenkirchen, but had already missed out on producing a competitive result at the first event in Oberstdorf.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [29, 29], "content_span": [30, 208]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074481-0002-0000", "contents": "1956\u201357 Four Hills Tournament, Results, Oberstdorf\nToni Brutscher placed in the Top Ten in Oberstdorf in each of the first five Four Hills tournaments.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 50], "content_span": [51, 151]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074481-0003-0000", "contents": "1956\u201357 Four Hills Tournament, Results, Bischofshofen\nAfter three events, Pentti Uotinen was still in the lead in the overall ranking. His closest pursuer was Max Bolkart, but the German only placed 11th in Bischofshofen (210.2p) and thus stayed behind the Finn. Eino Kirjonen on the other hand, who was fourth after the New Year's event, almost closed the gap by reducing the point difference from 22.3 to 1.5 points.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 53], "content_span": [54, 418]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074482-0000-0000", "contents": "1956\u201357 French Division 1\nAS Saint-Etienne won Division 1 season 1956/1957 of the French Association Football League with 49 points.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [25, 25], "content_span": [26, 132]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074482-0001-0000", "contents": "1956\u201357 French Division 1, Final table\nPromoted from Division 2, who will play in Division 1 season 1957/1958", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [27, 38], "content_span": [39, 109]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074483-0000-0000", "contents": "1956\u201357 French Division 2, Overview\nIt was contested by 20 teams, and Olympique Al\u00e8s won the championship.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [27, 35], "content_span": [36, 106]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074484-0000-0000", "contents": "1956\u201357 French Rugby Union Championship\nThe 1956\u201357 French Rugby Union Championship was contested by 48 clubs divided in six pools of eight. The five better of each pool and the two better sixth (for a sum of 32 clubs) were qualified to play the final phase .", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [39, 39], "content_span": [40, 259]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074484-0001-0000", "contents": "1956\u201357 French Rugby Union Championship\nThe Championship was won by Lourdes that defeated Racing in the final. Lourdes maintained the title won in 1956.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [39, 39], "content_span": [40, 152]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074484-0002-0000", "contents": "1956\u201357 French Rugby Union Championship, Context\nThe 1957 Five Nations Championship was won by Ireland, France ended last with won a match.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 48], "content_span": [49, 139]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074484-0003-0000", "contents": "1956\u201357 French Rugby Union Championship, Context\nThe Challenge Yves du Manoir was won by Dax that beat the Montferrand (the final match was tied 6-6 but Dax won for the lower medium age of the players)", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 48], "content_span": [49, 201]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074484-0004-0000", "contents": "1956\u201357 French Rugby Union Championship, Semifinals\nRacing was declared winner, thanks to the younger medium age of the player.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 51], "content_span": [52, 127]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074485-0000-0000", "contents": "1956\u201357 Georgetown Hoyas men's basketball team\nThe 1956\u201357 Georgetown Hoyas men's basketball team represented Georgetown University during the 1956\u201357 NCAA University Division college basketball season. Tom Nolan coached them in his first season as head coach. The team was an independent and played its home games at McDonough Gymnasium on the Georgetown campus in Washington, D.C. It finished with a record of 11-11 \u2013 the best of Nolan's four-year tenure as head coach \u2013 and had no post-season play.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 46], "section_span": [46, 46], "content_span": [47, 501]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074485-0001-0000", "contents": "1956\u201357 Georgetown Hoyas men's basketball team\nGeorgetown's new head coach, Tom Nolan, had been a standout on the Georgetown basketball teams of the 1935-36, 1936-37, and 1937-38 seasons and would coach the Hoyas for four seasons. His assistant, who also joined the Hoyas this season, was Tommy O'Keefe, a star Georgetown player of the 1946-47, 1947-48, 1948-49, and 1949-50 seasons who had then played for a season in the National Basketball Association (NBA). In 1960, O'Keefe would succeed Nolan as Georgetown's head coach.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 46], "section_span": [46, 46], "content_span": [47, 526]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074485-0002-0000", "contents": "1956\u201357 Georgetown Hoyas men's basketball team, Season recap\nSenior forward Warren Buehler, who had taken a leave of absence from the team the previous season, returned this season and played in 20 games, scoring 228 points despite a slow start, with 20 or more points three times in games late in the season. He graduated after the end of the season as the top scorer and second all-time rebounder in Georgetown history at the time, with 1,134 career points and 461 career rebounds.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 46], "section_span": [48, 60], "content_span": [61, 483]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074485-0003-0000", "contents": "1956\u201357 Georgetown Hoyas men's basketball team, Season recap\nSenior forward Joe Missett also played in 20 games and scored in double figures in each of them, averaging 15.9 points per game. He was the team's top scorer for the second straight year and became the first Georgetown player in history to lead the team in rebounds in three consecutive seasons.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 46], "section_span": [48, 60], "content_span": [61, 356]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074485-0004-0000", "contents": "1956\u201357 Georgetown Hoyas men's basketball team, Season recap\nSenior guard-forward Matt White scored in double figures in all but five games, and over a nine-game stretch scored exactly 16 points six times. Junior forward Ken Pichette averaged 11.0 points per game.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 46], "section_span": [48, 60], "content_span": [61, 264]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074485-0005-0000", "contents": "1956\u201357 Georgetown Hoyas men's basketball team, Season recap\nThe team finished with a record of 11-11, had no postseason play, and was not ranked in the Top 20 in the Associated Press Poll or Coaches' Poll at any time.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 46], "section_span": [48, 60], "content_span": [61, 218]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074486-0000-0000", "contents": "1956\u201357 Greek Football Cup\nThe 1956\u201357 Greek Football Cup was the 15th edition of The Greek Football Cup, or Greek Football Cup. The competition culminated with the Greek Cup Final, held at Karaiskakis Stadium, on 29 July 1957. The match was contested by Olympiacos and Iraklis, with Olympiacos winning by 2\u20130.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [26, 26], "content_span": [27, 310]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074486-0001-0000", "contents": "1956\u201357 Greek Football Cup, Final\nThe 15th Greek Cup Final was played at the Karaiskakis Stadium.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [28, 33], "content_span": [34, 97]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074486-0002-0000", "contents": "1956\u201357 Greek Football Cup, Final\n*According to the Greek FA's official site, the match was played on 30 July.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [28, 33], "content_span": [34, 110]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074487-0000-0000", "contents": "1956\u201357 Heart of Midlothian F.C. season\nDuring the 1956\u201357 season Hearts competed in the Scottish First Division, the Scottish Cup, the Scottish League Cup and the East of Scotland Shield.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [39, 39], "content_span": [40, 188]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074488-0000-0000", "contents": "1956\u201357 Hellenic Football League\nThe 1956\u201357 Hellenic Football League season was the fourth in the history of the Hellenic Football League, a football competition in England. It also was the first season for the league to consist of two divisions after ten new clubs joined the league.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [32, 32], "content_span": [33, 285]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074488-0001-0000", "contents": "1956\u201357 Hellenic Football League, Premier Division\nThe Premier Division featured 15 clubs which competed in the division last season, along with two new clubs:", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 50], "content_span": [51, 159]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074489-0000-0000", "contents": "1956\u201357 Hibernian F.C. season\nDuring the 1956\u201357 season Hibernian, a football club based in Edinburgh, came ninth out of 18 clubs in the Scottish First Division.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [29, 29], "content_span": [30, 161]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074490-0000-0000", "contents": "1956\u201357 Hong Kong First Division League\nThe 1956\u201357 Hong Kong First Division League season was the 46th since its establishment.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [39, 39], "content_span": [40, 128]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074491-0000-0000", "contents": "1956\u201357 Huddersfield Town A.F.C. season\nHuddersfield Town's 1956\u201357 campaign was a fairly poor season for the Town under Andy Beattie and then his assistant Bill Shankly, following the previous season's relegation from Division 1. They finished in 12th place with 42 points, 12 points behind 2nd placed Nottingham Forest, but only 12 points ahead of 20th placed Notts County.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [39, 39], "content_span": [40, 375]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074491-0001-0000", "contents": "1956\u201357 Huddersfield Town A.F.C. season, Squad at the start of the season\nNote: Flags indicate national team as defined under FIFA eligibility rules. Players may hold more than one non-FIFA nationality.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 73], "content_span": [74, 202]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074491-0002-0000", "contents": "1956\u201357 Huddersfield Town A.F.C. season, Review\nFollowing the previous season's relegation from Division 1, Andy Beattie tried to get Town back into the 1st Division at the first attempt. A mixed start to the season saw Town gain some memorable wins including an opening day 3\u20132 win at Anfield over Liverpool. Beattie resigned in early November and was replaced by his assistant Bill Shankly, who would then lead Liverpool to greatness in the 1960s and 1970s. Memorable wins during the season for Town were a 5\u20130 away win at Barnsley and a 6\u20132 win over West Ham United, where defender Ken Taylor, playing as an emergency striker, scored 4 goals.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 47], "content_span": [48, 645]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074491-0003-0000", "contents": "1956\u201357 Huddersfield Town A.F.C. season, Review\nThis season also marked the debuts of Town's future stalwarts Kevin McHale and Les Massie and future British transfer record holder Denis Law. Law broke the record for the youngest player ever to make a first-team appearance when he came on at the age of 16 years, 303 days, beating McHale's record by 26 days, which he set earlier in the season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 47], "content_span": [48, 394]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074491-0004-0000", "contents": "1956\u201357 Huddersfield Town A.F.C. season, Review\nTown also had a good run in the FA Cup, where they reached the 5th round, before bowing out to Burnley in a 2\u20131 defeat in front of over 55,000 fans at Leeds Road. Town finished the league season in 12th position with 44 points, but it would be nearly 15 years until Town returned to the big time.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 47], "content_span": [48, 344]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074491-0005-0000", "contents": "1956\u201357 Huddersfield Town A.F.C. season, Squad at the end of the season\nNote: Flags indicate national team as defined under FIFA eligibility rules. Players may hold more than one non-FIFA nationality.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 71], "content_span": [72, 200]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074492-0000-0000", "contents": "1956\u201357 IHL season\nThe 1956\u201357 IHL season was the 12th season of the International Hockey League (IHL), a North American minor professional ice hockey league. Six teams participated in the regular season, and the Cincinnati Mohawks won the Turner Cup.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 18], "section_span": [18, 18], "content_span": [19, 251]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074493-0000-0000", "contents": "1956\u201357 Idaho Vandals men's basketball team\nThe 1956\u201357 Idaho Vandals men's basketball team represented the University of Idaho during the 1956\u201357 NCAA University Division  basketball season. Members of the Pacific Coast Conference, the Vandals were led by third-year head coach Harlan Hodges and played their home games on campus at Memorial Gymnasium in Moscow, Idaho.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 43], "section_span": [43, 43], "content_span": [44, 370]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074493-0001-0000", "contents": "1956\u201357 Idaho Vandals men's basketball team\nThe Vandals were 10\u201316 overall and 4\u201312 in conference play.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 43], "section_span": [43, 43], "content_span": [44, 103]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074493-0002-0000", "contents": "1956\u201357 Idaho Vandals men's basketball team\nAn injured ankle in late December kept guard Gary Simmons sidelined for more than a month.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 43], "section_span": [43, 43], "content_span": [44, 134]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074494-0000-0000", "contents": "1956\u201357 Illinois Fighting Illini men's basketball team\nThe 1956\u201357 Illinois Fighting Illini men\u2019s basketball team represented the University of Illiniois.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 54], "section_span": [54, 54], "content_span": [55, 154]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074494-0001-0000", "contents": "1956\u201357 Illinois Fighting Illini men's basketball team, Regular season\nHarry Combes celebrated 10 years as the head coach of the University of Illinois' Fighting Illini basketball team. During his ten years as coach, Combes had established the Illini as a national powerhouse with sportswriters taking note. For example, the Associated Press began itsbasketball poll in 1949 with United Press International adding its poll in1951 and from 1951-56 the Illini finished the season ranked in the Top 20 nationally every year. Illinois\u2019 highest final ranking in the 1950s was second in both polls in 1952.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 54], "section_span": [56, 70], "content_span": [71, 600]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074494-0002-0000", "contents": "1956\u201357 Illinois Fighting Illini men's basketball team, Regular season\nThe 1956-57 team, unfortunately, would begin a downward spiral for Combes success, sending it into a time span where his teams would finish in the lower half of the Big Ten for four of six years. A highlight of the 1957 season would take place on December 17, 1956, when Illinois defeated San Francisco, 62-33, snapping the Dons\u2019 51-game regular-season win streak. This season also marked the first time that a Fighting Illini team entered a holiday tournament. The Kentucky Invitational brought Southern Methodist, Dayton and Illinois to Lexington for a two-day tournament, once again matching Adolph Rupp with Combes.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 54], "section_span": [56, 70], "content_span": [71, 690]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074494-0002-0001", "contents": "1956\u201357 Illinois Fighting Illini men's basketball team, Regular season\nCombes had talented lettermen return including the leading scorers George Bon Salle, Don Ohl and team \"captain\" Harv Schmidt. It also saw the return of Bill Altenberger, Hiles Stout, John Paul and Ted Caiazza. The team also added sophomore Roger Taylor. The Illini finished the season with a conference record of 7 wins and 7 losses, finishing in 7th place in the Big Ten. They would finish with an overall record of 14 wins and 8 losses. The starting lineup included George Bon Salle at the center position, Roger Taylor and Don Ohl at guard and Harv Schmidt and Hiles Stout at the forward slots.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 54], "section_span": [56, 70], "content_span": [71, 668]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074495-0000-0000", "contents": "1956\u201357 Indiana Hoosiers men's basketball team\nThe 1956\u201357 Indiana Hoosiers men's basketball team represented Indiana University. Their head coach was Branch McCracken, who was in his 16th year. The team played its home games in The Fieldhouse in Bloomington, Indiana, and was a member of the Big Ten Conference.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 46], "section_span": [46, 46], "content_span": [47, 312]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074495-0001-0000", "contents": "1956\u201357 Indiana Hoosiers men's basketball team\nThe Hoosiers finished the regular season with an overall record of 14\u20138 and a conference record of 10\u20134, finishing 1st in the Big Ten Conference. Despite being Big Ten Conference Champions, Indiana was not invited to participate in any postseason tournament.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 46], "section_span": [46, 46], "content_span": [47, 305]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074496-0000-0000", "contents": "1956\u201357 Iowa State Cyclones men's basketball team\nThe 1956\u201357 Iowa State Cyclones men's basketball team represented Iowa State University during the 1956-57 NCAA College men's basketball season. The Cyclones were coached by Bill Strannigan, who was in his third season with the Cyclones. They played their home games at the Iowa State Armory in Ames, Iowa.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 49], "section_span": [49, 49], "content_span": [50, 356]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074496-0001-0000", "contents": "1956\u201357 Iowa State Cyclones men's basketball team\nThey finished the season 16\u20137, 6\u20136 in Big Seven play to finish in third place. Gary Thompson won Big Seven Player of the Year, edging out Wilt Chamberlain of Kansas. Iowa State also picked up their first ever win over a top ranked team, defeating Kansas, 39\u201337.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 49], "section_span": [49, 49], "content_span": [50, 311]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074497-0000-0000", "contents": "1956\u201357 Iraq Central FA First Division Cup\nThe 1956\u201357 Iraq Central FA First Division Cup was the ninth season of the Iraq Central FA League (the top division of football in Baghdad and its neighbouring cities from 1948 to 1973) and the first season under the name of Iraq Central FA First Division Cup. Six teams competed in the tournament, which started on 18 December 1956.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 42], "section_span": [42, 42], "content_span": [43, 376]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074497-0001-0000", "contents": "1956\u201357 Iraq Central FA First Division Cup\nIt was played as a double-elimination tournament, with Maslahat Naqil Al-Rukab winning their first title, and the first title in the history of the teams that were later merged to form Amanat Baghdad. They beat Al-Quwa Al-Jawiya Al-Malikiya 1\u20130 in the final.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 42], "section_span": [42, 42], "content_span": [43, 301]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074497-0002-0000", "contents": "1956\u201357 Iraq Central FA First Division Cup, Final positions\nNote: Al-Adhamiya and Al-Hawat dropped out of the tournament. Al-Adhamiya returned for the following season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 42], "section_span": [44, 59], "content_span": [60, 168]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074498-0000-0000", "contents": "1956\u201357 Irish League\nThe Irish League in season 1956\u201357 comprised 12 teams, and Glenavon won the championship.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [20, 20], "content_span": [21, 110]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074499-0000-0000", "contents": "1956\u201357 Israel State Cup\nThe1956\u201357 Israel State Cup (Hebrew: \u05d2\u05d1\u05d9\u05e2 \u05d4\u05de\u05d3\u05d9\u05e0\u05d4\u200e, Gvia HaMedina) was the 19th season of Israel's nationwide football cup competition and the fourth after the Israeli Declaration of Independence.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [24, 24], "content_span": [25, 220]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074499-0001-0000", "contents": "1956\u201357 Israel State Cup\nAlthough the competition began on 11 February 1956, it was delayed severely by the Suez Crisis, and later rounds were not played until April 1957, with the final being held on 6 July at 1957 at the Haifa Municipal Stadium in Haifa. Hapoel Petah Tikva met Maccabi Jaffa in the final and won the cup after securing a 2\u20131 win.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [24, 24], "content_span": [25, 348]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074499-0002-0000", "contents": "1956\u201357 Israel State Cup, Results, First Round\n74 of the 75 Liga Gimel clubs participated in this round. Most of the matches were drawn as divisional matches, with the exception of two matches.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 46], "content_span": [47, 193]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074500-0000-0000", "contents": "1956\u201357 Istanbul Football League\nThe 1956\u201357 \u0130stanbul Football League season was the 47th season of the league. Fenerbah\u00e7e SK won the league for the 14th time.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [32, 32], "content_span": [33, 159]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074501-0000-0000", "contents": "1956\u201357 Isthmian League\nThe 1956\u201357 season was the 42nd in the history of the Isthmian League, an English football competition.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [23, 23], "content_span": [24, 127]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074501-0001-0000", "contents": "1956\u201357 Isthmian League\nTooting & Mitcham United were newly admitted from the Athenian League.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [23, 23], "content_span": [24, 94]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074501-0002-0000", "contents": "1956\u201357 Isthmian League\nWycombe Wanderers were champions for the second season in a row.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [23, 23], "content_span": [24, 88]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074502-0000-0000", "contents": "1956\u201357 Kansas Jayhawks men's basketball team\nThe 1956\u201357 Kansas Jayhawks men's basketball team was a Division I college basketball team that represented the University of Kansas. Coached by Dick Harp, the Jayhawks posted a 24\u20133 win\u2013loss record, winning the then-Big Seven Conference and qualifying for the 1957 NCAA Men's Division I Basketball Tournament. Kansas won three games in the NCAA Tournament to reach the championship game, where the Jayhawks lost to North Carolina in triple overtime.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 45], "section_span": [45, 45], "content_span": [46, 496]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074502-0001-0000", "contents": "1956\u201357 Kansas Jayhawks men's basketball team, Season summary\nDick Harp was named the head coach of the Jayhawks before the 1956\u201357 season. The previous coach, Phog Allen, had been forced to leave the program due to an enforced retirement age in place at the school. The 1956\u201357 Jayhawks featured future National Basketball Association center Wilt Chamberlain, in his first season with the varsity program. Expectations for the team were high entering the season; Allen said of the Jayhawks' new player that \"Anybody could win the national championship with Wilt Chamberlain and four cheerleaders.\" Chamberlain averaged 29.6 points and 18.8 rebounds per game over the course of the season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 45], "section_span": [47, 61], "content_span": [62, 689]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074502-0001-0001", "contents": "1956\u201357 Kansas Jayhawks men's basketball team, Season summary\nIn Kansas' opening game against Northwestern, he scored 52 points and compiled 31 rebounds in an 87\u201369 win. The Jayhawks won their next five games by at least 10 points each, and began the season with 12 consecutive victories. Following that streak, Iowa State defeated Kansas 39\u201337. Kansas lost one other game in the regular season, on February 20, 1957, against Oklahoma by a score of 56\u201354. The Jayhawks wrapped up the Big Seven title, and an NCAA Tournament berth, with a 64\u201357 win over Kansas State on March 7. They ended the regular season with a record of 20\u20132, and a Big Seven record of 11\u20131.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 45], "section_span": [47, 61], "content_span": [62, 662]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074502-0002-0000", "contents": "1956\u201357 Kansas Jayhawks men's basketball team, Season summary\nIn the first round of the NCAA Tournament, Kansas faced SMU and was forced into an overtime period. Behind 36 points by Chamberlain, the Jayhawks won 73\u201365 to advance to the regional finals. There, the Jayhawks defeated Oklahoma City 81\u201361 to reach the Final Four. Chamberlain posted 30 points in the contest, adding 15 rebounds. The two-time defending NCAA Tournament champions, San Francisco, faced Kansas in the Final Four's host site, Kansas City.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 45], "section_span": [47, 61], "content_span": [62, 513]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074502-0002-0001", "contents": "1956\u201357 Kansas Jayhawks men's basketball team, Season summary\nWith a field goal percentage of almost 60 percent, the Jayhawks posted an 80\u201356 win to advance to the championship game against undefeated North Carolina, the number one-ranked team in the country. The Tar Heels defeated the Jayhawks 54\u201353 in triple overtime; North Carolina's Joe Quigg made the tying and go-ahead free throws in the final seconds.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 45], "section_span": [47, 61], "content_span": [62, 410]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074502-0003-0000", "contents": "1956\u201357 Kansas Jayhawks men's basketball team, Rankings\nFrom the beginning of the season, the Jayhawks topped the Associated Press Poll, holding their position until mid-January. After the Jayhawks' loss to Iowa State, the team fell to number two in the poll. Kansas stayed in that position for the rest of the season. In the United Press Poll, the Jayhawks held the top overall ranking at the start of the season and remained there until the January 22 rankings, when they fell to second behind North Carolina. They stayed in that position in each subsequent poll during the season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 45], "section_span": [47, 55], "content_span": [56, 583]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074502-0004-0000", "contents": "1956\u201357 Kansas Jayhawks men's basketball team, In popular culture\nThe team, specifically starting center Wilt Chamberlain and coach Phog Allen, where the focus of the 2014 film Jayhawkers, which was directed by Kansas University film professor Kevin Willmott. The film featured former Jayhawk basketball player Scot Pollard and Justin Wesley, who was on the roster at the time of the release. Additionally, Kansas alumni Jay Karnes portrays Chancellor Franklin Murphy.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 45], "section_span": [47, 65], "content_span": [66, 468]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074503-0000-0000", "contents": "1956\u201357 Kenyan general election\nGeneral elections were held in Kenya between 25 September and 2 October 1956, with additional elections in March 1957 for eight African constituencies, the first in which Africans could be elected. The elections in 1956 were open to Europeans and Indians. In the European constituencies the results saw eight Independent Group members and six independents (all from the United Country Party) elected.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [31, 31], "content_span": [32, 432]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074503-0001-0000", "contents": "1956\u201357 Kenyan general election\nFor the elections for the African constituencies in 1957 there were 37 candidates, whilst voter turnout was 78.5%.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [31, 31], "content_span": [32, 146]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074504-0000-0000", "contents": "1956\u201357 La Liga\nThe 1956\u201357 La Liga was the 26th season since its establishment. The season started on September 9, 1956, and finished on April 21, 1957. Real Madrid won their fifth title.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 15], "section_span": [15, 15], "content_span": [16, 188]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074504-0001-0000", "contents": "1956\u201357 La Liga, Format changes\nFor this season, the relegation playoffs was eliminated and the two last qualified teams were directly relegated to Segunda Divisi\u00f3n.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 15], "section_span": [17, 31], "content_span": [32, 165]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074505-0000-0000", "contents": "1956\u201357 Lancashire Cup\n1956\u201357 was the forty-fourth occasion on which the Lancashire Cup completion had been held. Oldham won the trophy  by beating St. Helens by the score of 10-3The match was played at Central Park, Wigan, (historically in the county of Lancashire). The excellent attendance was 39,544 and receipts were \u00a36,274 This was the first of Oldham's three consecutive triumphs. 1958 would be the last time they would win the trophy, although they did later appear 4 times as runners-up (in 1966, 1969, 1987 and 1989", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [22, 22], "content_span": [23, 526]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074505-0001-0000", "contents": "1956\u201357 Lancashire Cup, Background\nWith the invitation to junior club \u201cCounty Amateurs\u201d, the number of clubs remained the same at 15. The same pre-war fixture format was retained, and due to the number of clubs this resulted in one bye in the first round.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [24, 34], "content_span": [35, 255]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074505-0002-0000", "contents": "1956\u201357 Lancashire Cup, Competition and results, Round 1\nInvolved  7 matches (with one bye but no \u201cblank\u201d fixture) and 15 clubs", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [24, 56], "content_span": [57, 127]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074505-0003-0000", "contents": "1956\u201357 Lancashire Cup, Competition and results, Final, Teams and Scorers\nScoring - Try = three (3) points - Goal = two (2) points - Drop goal = two (2) points", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [24, 73], "content_span": [74, 159]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074505-0004-0000", "contents": "1956\u201357 Lancashire Cup, Notes and comments\n1 * County Amateurs were a Junior (amateur) club from\u00a0?? 2 * Central Park was the home ground of Wigan with a final capacity of 18,000, although the record attendance was  47,747 for Wigan v St Helens 27 March 1959", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [24, 42], "content_span": [43, 257]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074506-0000-0000", "contents": "1956\u201357 Landsdelsserien\nThis is the current revision of this page, as edited by Jevansen (talk | contribs) at 01:45, 10 September 2020 (Moving from Category:1. divisjon seasons to Category:Norwegian First Division seasons using Cat-a-lot). The present address (URL) is a permanent link to this version.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [23, 23], "content_span": [24, 302]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074506-0001-0000", "contents": "1956\u201357 Landsdelsserien\nThe 1956\u201357 Landsdelsserien was a Norwegian second-tier football league season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [23, 23], "content_span": [24, 103]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074506-0002-0000", "contents": "1956\u201357 Landsdelsserien\nThe league was contested by 54 teams, divided into a total of seven groups from four districts; \u00d8stland/S\u00f8ndre, \u00d8stland/Nordre, S\u00f8rland/Vestre and M\u00f8re/Tr\u00f8ndelag. The two group winners in the \u00d8stland districts, Eik and Raufoss promoted directly to the 1957\u201358 Hovedserien. The other five group winners qualified for promotion play-offs to compete for two spots in the following season's top flight. Brann and Molde won the play-offs and were promoted.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [23, 23], "content_span": [24, 475]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074506-0003-0000", "contents": "1956\u201357 Landsdelsserien, Promotion play-offs\nBrann won 4\u20131 over Stavanger and were promoted to Hovedserien.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 44], "content_span": [45, 107]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074506-0004-0000", "contents": "1956\u201357 Landsdelsserien, Promotion play-offs\nMolde won 5\u20133 on aggregate and were promoted to Hovedserien.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 44], "content_span": [45, 105]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074507-0000-0000", "contents": "1956\u201357 League of Ireland, Overview\nIt was contested by 12 teams, and Shamrock Rovers won the championship and qualified to play in the European Cup for next season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [27, 35], "content_span": [36, 165]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074507-0001-0000", "contents": "1956\u201357 League of Ireland, Final classification\nCork Hibernians were elected to the league for next season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [27, 47], "content_span": [48, 107]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074508-0000-0000", "contents": "1956\u201357 Leicester City F.C. season\nThe 1956\u201357 season was Leicester City's 52nd season in the Football League and their 38th (non-consecutive) season in the second tier of English football.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [34, 34], "content_span": [35, 189]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074508-0001-0000", "contents": "1956\u201357 Leicester City F.C. season\nLeicester ran away with the Second Division title, winning it by a clear 7 points to claim the club's 4th Second Division title and their second title in four years.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [34, 34], "content_span": [35, 200]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074508-0002-0000", "contents": "1956\u201357 Leicester City F.C. season\nLegendary striker Arthur Rowley set the club record for the most goals in a single season by scoring 44 goals in 43 appearances. The club's tally of 109 league goals during the season also remains a club record.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [34, 34], "content_span": [35, 246]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074508-0003-0000", "contents": "1956\u201357 Leicester City F.C. season, Club statistics\nAll data from: Dave Smith and Paul Taylor, Of Fossils and Foxes: The Official Definitive History of Leicester City Football Club (2001) (ISBN\u00a01-899538-21-6)", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [36, 51], "content_span": [52, 208]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074509-0000-0000", "contents": "1956\u201357 Liga Alef\nThe 1956\u201357 Liga Alef season saw Hapoel Kfar Saba win the title. originally, the top two clubs were due to gain promotion to Liga Leumit. However, due to irregularities during the season, an IFA committee decided to hold a promotion play-off between the top five clubs at the end of the season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [17, 17], "content_span": [18, 312]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074509-0001-0000", "contents": "1956\u201357 Liga Alef, Promotion play-offs\nEach team played the other four once at a neutral venue. The top two clubs were to be promoted and the third would play a promotion/relegation play-off against the bottom club at Liga Leumit, which was Maccabi Jaffa.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 38], "content_span": [39, 255]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074509-0002-0000", "contents": "1956\u201357 Liga Alef, Promotion play-offs\nMatches were played initially during September, but Maccabi Rehovot, who had finished the season in the second place and had expected to be promoted, declined to participate and appealed the committee's decision. The results of Rehovot's matches were initially recorded as 0-3 technical losses. However, after their appeal was rejected, the club were allowed to replay their matches.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 38], "content_span": [39, 422]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074509-0003-0000", "contents": "1956\u201357 Liga Alef, Promotion play-offs\nHapoel Kfar Saba and Hapoel Jerusalem were promoted to Liga Leumit. Hapoel Hadera and Hakoah Tel Aviv were due to play a deciding match to set who will play against Maccabi Jaffa, but Hapoel Hadera declined to participate in protest at the IFA's decision to allow Maccabi Rehovot to replay their games.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 38], "content_span": [39, 341]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074510-0000-0000", "contents": "1956\u201357 Liga Bet\nThe 1956\u201357 Liga Bet season saw Hapoel Balfouria and Shimshon Tel Aviv promoted to Liga Alef as the respective winners of the north and south divisions. They were joined by Maccabi Hadera and Bnei Yehuda, who finished second in each of their respective divisions.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 16], "section_span": [16, 16], "content_span": [17, 280]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074511-0000-0000", "contents": "1956\u201357 Liga Leumit\nThe 1956\u201357 Liga Leumit season lasted from December 1956 until April 1957. Hapoel Tel Aviv won the title, the club's first championship since independence in 1949.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [19, 19], "content_span": [20, 183]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074511-0001-0000", "contents": "1956\u201357 Liga Leumit\nNo clubs were relegated as the league was expanded from ten to twelve clubs for the following season. The top five clubs from Liga Alef entered the promotion play-offs, resulting in Hapoel Kfar Saba and Hapoel Jerusalem being promoted.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [19, 19], "content_span": [20, 255]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074511-0002-0000", "contents": "1956\u201357 Liga Leumit, Promotion play-offs\nDue to irregularities during the 1956\u201357 Liga Alef season, an IFA committee decided to hold a promotion play-off between the top five clubs in Liga Alef at the end of the season. Each team played the other four once at a neutral venue. The top two clubs were to be promoted and the third would play a promotion/relegation play-off against Maccabi Jaffa.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [21, 40], "content_span": [41, 394]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074511-0003-0000", "contents": "1956\u201357 Liga Leumit, Promotion play-offs\nMatches were played initially during September, but Maccabi Rehovot, who had finished the season in the second place and had expected to be promoted, declined to participate and appealed the committee's decision. The results of Rehovot's matches were initially recorded as 0-3 technical losses. However, after their appeal was rejected, the club were allowed to replay their matches.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [21, 40], "content_span": [41, 424]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074511-0004-0000", "contents": "1956\u201357 Liga Leumit, Promotion play-offs\nHapoel Kfar Saba and Hapoel Jerusalem were promoted to Liga Leumit. Hapoel Hadera and Hakoah Tel Aviv were due to play a deciding match to set who will play against Maccabi Jaffa, but Hapoel Hadera declined to participate in protest at the IFA's decision to allow Maccabi Rehovot to replay their games.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [21, 40], "content_span": [41, 343]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074512-0000-0000", "contents": "1956\u201357 Liverpool F.C. season\nThe 1956\u201357 season was the 65th season in Liverpool F.C. 's existence, and was their 3rd consecutive year in the Second Division.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [29, 29], "content_span": [30, 159]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074512-0001-0000", "contents": "1956\u201357 Liverpool F.C. season\nThe season would prove to be one where they would finish outside the top two for the 2nd consecutive season, by finishing 3rd, just one point outside the automatic promotion places.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [29, 29], "content_span": [30, 211]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074513-0000-0000", "contents": "1956\u201357 Luxembourg National Division\nThe 1956\u201357 Luxembourg National Division was the 43rd season of top level association football in Luxembourg.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [36, 36], "content_span": [37, 146]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074513-0001-0000", "contents": "1956\u201357 Luxembourg National Division, Overview\nIt was performed in 12 teams, and Stade Dudelange won the championship.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 46], "content_span": [47, 118]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074514-0000-0000", "contents": "1956\u201357 MJHL season, League notes\nThe League admits the Winnipeg Rangers. This team is not to be confused with the Winnipeg Barons, who were formerly called the Winnipeg Rangers. Ray Brunel (St. Boniface) set a league record for most points (105) in a single season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [21, 33], "content_span": [34, 266]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074515-0000-0000", "contents": "1956\u201357 Maltese Premier League\nThe 1956\u201357 Maltese First Division was the 42nd season of top-tier football in Malta. It was contested by 8 teams, and Sliema Wanderers F.C. won the championship.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [30, 30], "content_span": [31, 193]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074516-0000-0000", "contents": "1956\u201357 Manchester United F.C. season\nThe 1956\u201357 season was Manchester United's 55th season in the Football League, and their 12th consecutive season in the top division of English football.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [37, 37], "content_span": [38, 191]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074516-0001-0000", "contents": "1956\u201357 Manchester United F.C. season\nUnited retained their league title this season, which was also notable for being the breakthrough season of forward Bobby Charlton, who made his debut on 6 October 1956 in the league match against Charlton Athletic a few days before his 19th birthday and scored twice, making 17 appearances and scoring 12 goals that season and collecting a league title medal, his appearances mostly coming at the expense of Dennis Viollet. As Old Trafford didn't have floodlights installed at the time, United's first three European home games were played at Maine Road instead.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [37, 37], "content_span": [38, 601]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074516-0001-0001", "contents": "1956\u201357 Manchester United F.C. season\nUnited reached the semi-finals of the European Cup, where they were beaten by eventual winners Real Madrid. They also reached the FA Cup final, where they lost 2-1 to Aston Villa in a game where they were handicapped by an injury to goalkeeper Ray Wood, meaning Jackie Blanchflower had to stand in for him in goal.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [37, 37], "content_span": [38, 352]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074517-0000-0000", "contents": "1956\u201357 Mansfield Town F.C. season\nThe 1956\u201357 season was Mansfield Town's 19th season in the Football League and 14th season in the Third Division North, they finished in 16th position with 44 points.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [34, 34], "content_span": [35, 201]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074518-0000-0000", "contents": "1956\u201357 Mexican Primera Divisi\u00f3n season\nStatistics of the Primera Divisi\u00f3n de M\u00e9xico for the 1956\u201357 season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [39, 39], "content_span": [40, 108]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074518-0001-0000", "contents": "1956\u201357 Mexican Primera Divisi\u00f3n season, Overview\nThe season was contested by 13 teams, and Guadalajara won the championship.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 49], "content_span": [50, 125]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074518-0002-0000", "contents": "1956\u201357 Mexican Primera Divisi\u00f3n season, Overview\nDue to economical problems Puebla advised the league that the club would not be playing next season and the club would return for the 1957-58 season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 49], "content_span": [50, 199]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074519-0000-0000", "contents": "1956\u201357 Mexican Segunda Divisi\u00f3n season\nThe 1956\u201357 Mexican Segunda Divisi\u00f3n was the 7th season of the Mexican Segunda Divisi\u00f3n. The season started on 15 July 1956 and concluded on 20 January 1957. It was won by Zamora.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [39, 39], "content_span": [40, 219]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074520-0000-0000", "contents": "1956\u201357 Michigan State Spartans men's basketball team\nThe 1956\u201357 Michigan State Spartans men's basketball team represented Michigan State University in the 1956\u201357 NCAA Division I men's basketball season. The team played their home games at Jenison Field House in East Lansing, Michigan and were members of the Big Ten Conference. They were coached by Forrest \"Forddy\" Anderson in his third year at Michigan State. The Spartans finished the season with a record of 16\u201310, 10\u20134 to win a share of the Big Ten Championship. They received the conference's bid to the NCAA Tournament where they beat Notre Dame and Kentucky to advance to the Final Four. There they lost to eventual champion North Carolina. They lost to San Francisco in the third place game.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 53], "section_span": [53, 53], "content_span": [54, 754]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074520-0001-0000", "contents": "1956\u201357 Michigan State Spartans men's basketball team, Previous season\nThe Spartans finished the 1955\u201356 season with an overall record of 13\u20139, 7\u20137 to finish in fifth place in Big Ten play.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 53], "section_span": [55, 70], "content_span": [71, 189]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074520-0002-0000", "contents": "1956\u201357 Michigan State Spartans men's basketball team, Season summary\nJohnny Green led MSU in rebounding at 14.6 a game and Jack Quiggle led in scoring at 15.3 points per game. Green and Quiggle were both named first team All-Big Ten.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 53], "section_span": [55, 69], "content_span": [70, 234]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074520-0003-0000", "contents": "1956\u201357 Michigan State Spartans men's basketball team, Season summary\nAfter starting the season 4\u20133, Johnny Green joined the Spartans after he was discharged from the Marines. In his first four games with the Spartans, MSU lost all four games. However, the Spartans won their next 10 games before a loss in the regular-season finale to Michigan. The loss cost the Spartans an out-right championship, but they still earned their first trip to the NCAA Tournament as the Big Ten representative to the NCAA Mideast Region.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 53], "section_span": [55, 69], "content_span": [70, 519]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074520-0004-0000", "contents": "1956\u201357 Michigan State Spartans men's basketball team, Season summary\nIn the NCAA Mideast Regional on Kentucky's campus, the No. 11-ranked Spartans played two games at 10,000-seat Memorial Coliseum: MSU avenged an earlier loss to No. 17 Notre Dame in the semifinal winning 85\u201383. In the final, the Spartans upset No. 3 Kentucky 80\u201368 to earn the school\u2019s first trip to the Final Four.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 53], "section_span": [55, 69], "content_span": [70, 384]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074520-0005-0000", "contents": "1956\u201357 Michigan State Spartans men's basketball team, Season summary\nIn the National Semifinal, the Spartans faced No. 1 North Carolina. In a game that would be referred to as one of the greatest games in college basketball history, the lead changed 31 times. Jack Quiggle made a half-court shot after regulation expired that would have won the game for the Spartans, but was ruled too late. Johnny Green missed a free throw at the end of the first overtime that also would have sealed the win for the Spartans. North Carolina's Pete Brennan made a basket as time expired to force a second overtime. Lennie Rosenbluth took over the Tar Heels in the third overtime as they eliminated the Spartans from championship contention.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 53], "section_span": [55, 69], "content_span": [70, 726]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074520-0006-0000", "contents": "1956\u201357 Michigan State Spartans men's basketball team, Season summary\nMSU lost to San Francisco in the third-place game the following day.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 53], "section_span": [55, 69], "content_span": [70, 138]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074521-0000-0000", "contents": "1956\u201357 Michigan Wolverines men's basketball team\nThe 1956\u201357 Michigan Wolverines men's basketball team represented the University of Michigan in intercollegiate college basketball  during the 1956\u201357 NCAA University Division men's basketball season. The team played its home games at Fielding H. Yost Field House (renamed Yost Ice Arena in 1973) on the school's campus in Ann Arbor, Michigan. Under the direction of head coach William Perigo, the team finished tied for fifth in the Big Ten Conference.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 49], "section_span": [49, 49], "content_span": [50, 503]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074521-0001-0000", "contents": "1956\u201357 Michigan Wolverines men's basketball team\nFuture College Football Hall of Famer Ron Kramer established the school career scoring record with 1,119. The record last until 1961, when John Tidwell totaled 1386. Kramer served as team captain and earned team MVP for the third year in a row.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 49], "section_span": [49, 49], "content_span": [50, 294]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074521-0002-0000", "contents": "1956\u201357 Michigan Wolverines men's basketball team, Team players drafted into the NBA\nFive players from this team were selected in the NBA Draft. Ferguson accumulated no statistics. Kramer was a first round selection of the Green Bay Packers in the 1957 NFL Draft (fourth overall pick) and played in the NFL through the 1967 season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 49], "section_span": [51, 84], "content_span": [85, 331]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074522-0000-0000", "contents": "1956\u201357 Minneapolis Lakers season\nThe 1956\u201357 NBA season was the Lakers' ninth season in the NBA.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [33, 33], "content_span": [34, 97]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074523-0000-0000", "contents": "1956\u201357 Montenegrin Republic League\nThe 1956\u201357 Montenegrin Republic League was 12th season of Montenegrin Republic League. Due to fact that majority of Montenegrin teams played in higher ranks, League was organised as tournament.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [35, 35], "content_span": [36, 230]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074523-0001-0000", "contents": "1956\u201357 Montenegrin Republic League, Season\nThe championship was organised as tournament of three teams - winners of regional qualifiers in which eight teams participated - Bokelj, Rudar, Gor\u0161tak, Javorak, Radni\u010dki Ivangrad, Igalo, Po\u0161tar and Zora. Most successful teams from qualifiers were Bokelj, Rudar and Javorak, who participated in Montenegrin Republic League tournament for season 1956\u201357.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 43], "content_span": [44, 397]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074523-0002-0000", "contents": "1956\u201357 Montenegrin Republic League, Season, Table and results\nResults of the final tournament: Rudar - Javorak 1-1; Bokelj - Rudar 0-0; Javorak - Bokelj 0-3. As a first-placed team, Bokelj gained promotion to Yugoslav Second League.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 62], "content_span": [63, 233]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074523-0003-0000", "contents": "1956\u201357 Montenegrin Republic League, Higher leagues\nOn season 1956\u201357, eight Montenegrin teams played in higher leagues of SFR Yugoslavia. Budu\u0107nost was a member of 1956\u201357 Yugoslav First League, while Nik\u0161i\u0107, Lov\u0107en, Arsenal, Mladost Titograd, Iskra, Jedinstvo Bijelo Polje and Jedinstvo Herceg Novi played in 1956\u201357 Yugoslav Second League.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 51], "content_span": [52, 342]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074524-0000-0000", "contents": "1956\u201357 Montreal Canadiens season\nThe 1956\u201357 Montreal Canadiens season was the club's 48th season of play. The Canadiens would place second in the league to qualify for the playoffs. The Canadiens defeated the Boston Bruins to win the Stanley Cup for the ninth time in team history and for the second year in a row.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [33, 33], "content_span": [34, 316]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074524-0001-0000", "contents": "1956\u201357 Montreal Canadiens season, Playoffs\nThe Canadiens qualified for the playoffs in second place. The Canadien then faced off against the New York Rangers, winning the best-of-seven series 4\u20131 to advance to the final against Boston.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 43], "content_span": [44, 236]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074524-0002-0000", "contents": "1956\u201357 Montreal Canadiens season, Montreal Canadiens 1957 Stanley Cup champions, Coaching and administrative staff\n&-Jack LeClair played 47 games for Montreal, qualifying to be on the cup. His name was not included on the Cup, because LeClair was playing in the minors during the playoffs.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 115], "content_span": [116, 290]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074525-0000-0000", "contents": "1956\u201357 Moroccan Throne Cup\nThe 1956\u201357 season of the Moroccan Throne Cup was the first edition of the competition.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [27, 27], "content_span": [28, 115]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074525-0001-0000", "contents": "1956\u201357 Moroccan Throne Cup\nThe teams played one-legged matches. In case of a draw, a penalty shoot-out took place.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [27, 27], "content_span": [28, 115]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074525-0002-0000", "contents": "1956\u201357 Moroccan Throne Cup\nMouloudia Club d'Oujda beat Wydad Athletic Club in the final, after a draw (1\u20131). The Royal Moroccan Football Federation decided that the team who scored first would win the title. The final took place at stade Marcel Cerdan in Casablanca.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [27, 27], "content_span": [28, 267]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074525-0003-0000", "contents": "1956\u201357 Moroccan Throne Cup\nThe final took place between the winners of the two semi-finals, Mouloudia Club d'Oujda and Wydad Athletic Club, on 16 November 1957 at the stade Marcel Cerdan in Casablanca, with 30,000 spectators. MC Oujda opened the scoring through Fran\u00e7ais Braizat (\u00a042'). Wydad equalised in the second half through a penalty from the Frenchman Patrice Mayet \u00a060'\u00a0(pen). The match was refereed by Boubker Lazrak. The teams were as follows:", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [27, 27], "content_span": [28, 454]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074525-0004-0000", "contents": "1956\u201357 Moroccan Throne Cup\nMouloudia Club d'Oujda won the title at the expense of Wydad AC, despite the score finishing as a draw (1\u20131), as the Royal Moroccan Football Federation had decided that the team to score first would win the title. King Mohammed V of Morocco and the former President of Wydad Athletic Club Mohamed Benjelloun Touimi were present at the final and presented the cup to the winners, MC Oujda.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [27, 27], "content_span": [28, 416]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074526-0000-0000", "contents": "1956\u201357 NBA season\nThe 1956\u201357 NBA season was the 11th season of the National Basketball Association. The season ended with the Boston Celtics winning the NBA Championship (which would be the first of their 17 NBA titles), beating the St. Louis Hawks 4 games to 3 in the NBA Finals.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 18], "section_span": [18, 18], "content_span": [19, 282]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074526-0001-0000", "contents": "1956\u201357 NBA season, Playoffs\n* Division winnerBold Series winnerItalic Team with home-court advantage in NBA Finals", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 18], "section_span": [20, 28], "content_span": [29, 115]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074526-0002-0000", "contents": "1956\u201357 NBA season, Statistics leaders\nNote: Prior to the 1969\u201370 season, league leaders in points, rebounds, and assists were determined by totals rather than averages.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 18], "section_span": [20, 38], "content_span": [39, 169]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074527-0000-0000", "contents": "1956\u201357 NCAA University Division men's basketball rankings\nThe 1956\u201357 NCAA men's basketball rankings was made up of two human polls, the AP Poll and the Coaches Poll.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 58], "section_span": [58, 58], "content_span": [59, 167]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074528-0000-0000", "contents": "1956\u201357 NCAA University Division men's basketball season\nThe 1956\u201357 NCAA men's University Division basketball season began in December 1956, progressed through the regular season and conference tournaments, and concluded with the 1957 NCAA University Division Basketball Tournament Championship Game on March 23, 1957, at Municipal Auditorium in Kansas City, Missouri. The North Carolina Tar Heels won their first NCAA national championship with a 54\u201353 triple-overtime victory over the Kansas Jayhawks.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 56], "section_span": [56, 56], "content_span": [57, 504]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074528-0001-0000", "contents": "1956\u201357 NCAA University Division men's basketball season, Season outlook, Pre-season polls\nThe top 20 from the AP Poll and the UP Coaches Poll during the pre-season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 56], "section_span": [58, 90], "content_span": [91, 165]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074528-0002-0000", "contents": "1956\u201357 NCAA University Division men's basketball season, Post-Season Tournaments, NCAA Tournament\nFrank McGuire brought the ACC its first National Championship as his undefeated North Carolina Tar Heels defeated Wilt Chamberlain and the Kansas Jayhawks in what is considered one of the best games in NCAA history \u2013 a 54\u201353 triple\u2013overtime thriller. Chamberlain was named tournament Most Outstanding Player.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 56], "section_span": [58, 98], "content_span": [99, 407]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074528-0003-0000", "contents": "1956\u201357 NCAA University Division men's basketball season, Post-Season Tournaments, National Invitation Tournament\nBradley won its first NIT title, defeating Memphis State in a one-point contest. Memphis State's Win Wilfong won the MVP in a losing cause as he poured in 89 points in the Tigers' four games, including 31 in the final.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 56], "section_span": [58, 113], "content_span": [114, 332]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074528-0004-0000", "contents": "1956\u201357 NCAA University Division men's basketball season, Coaching changes\nA number of teams changed coaches during the season and after it ended.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 56], "section_span": [58, 74], "content_span": [75, 146]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074529-0000-0000", "contents": "1956\u201357 NCAA football bowl games\nThe 1956\u201357 NCAA football bowl games were a series of post-season games played in December 1956 and January 1957 to end the 1956 NCAA University Division football season. A total of 7 team-competitive games, and two all-star games, were played. The post-season began with the Gator Bowl on December 29, 1956, and concluded on January 5, 1957, with the season-ending Senior Bowl.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [32, 32], "content_span": [33, 411]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074530-0000-0000", "contents": "1956\u201357 NCAA men's ice hockey season\nThe 1956\u201357 NCAA men's ice hockey season began in November 1956 and concluded with the 1957 NCAA Men's Ice Hockey Tournament's championship game on March 16, 1957 at the Broadmoor Ice Palace in Colorado Springs, Colorado. This was the 10th season in which an NCAA ice hockey championship was held and is the 62nd year overall where an NCAA school fielded a team.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [36, 36], "content_span": [37, 399]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074530-0001-0000", "contents": "1956\u201357 NCAA men's ice hockey season, Regular season, Standings\nWhen teams met each other four times, one point was awarded for a win, one-half point for a tie. Maximum 24 points available.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 63], "content_span": [64, 189]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074530-0002-0000", "contents": "1956\u201357 NCAA men's ice hockey season, Player stats, Scoring leaders\nThe following players led the league in points at the conclusion of the season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 67], "content_span": [68, 147]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074530-0003-0000", "contents": "1956\u201357 NCAA men's ice hockey season, Player stats, Scoring leaders\nGP = Games played; G = Goals; A = Assists; Pts = Points; PIM = Penalty minutes", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 67], "content_span": [68, 146]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074530-0004-0000", "contents": "1956\u201357 NCAA men's ice hockey season, Player stats, Leading goaltenders\nThe following goaltenders led the league in goals against average at the end of the regular season while playing at least 33% of their team's total minutes.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 71], "content_span": [72, 228]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074530-0005-0000", "contents": "1956\u201357 NCAA men's ice hockey season, Player stats, Leading goaltenders\nGP = Games played; Min = Minutes played; W = Wins; L = Losses; OT = Overtime/shootout losses; GA = Goals against; SO = Shutouts; SV% = Save percentage; GAA = Goals against average", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 71], "content_span": [72, 251]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074531-0000-0000", "contents": "1956\u201357 NHL season\nThe 1956\u201357 NHL season was the 40th season of the National Hockey League. Six teams each played 70 games. The Montreal Canadiens won the Stanley Cup for the second consecutive season, defeating the Boston Bruins four games to one in the best-of-seven final series. The final game was won with a clutch goal from Montreal defenceman Tom Johnson that clinched the Stanley Cup championship for the Canadiens 3-2.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 18], "section_span": [18, 18], "content_span": [19, 428]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074531-0001-0000", "contents": "1956\u201357 NHL season, Regular season\nOn October 1, it was announced that Dick Irvin had resigned as coach of Chicago due to ill health. He was suffering from bone cancer and had been ill for two years and had been hospitalized in Montreal. Irvin had been several days late to training camp. Tommy Ivan took over as coach. Later in the season, it was reported that Irvin had undergone minor surgery for anemia at Ross Memorial Hospital. Irvin died on May 15, 1957.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 18], "section_span": [20, 34], "content_span": [35, 461]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074531-0002-0000", "contents": "1956\u201357 NHL season, Regular season\nTed Lindsay, Detroit's star left wing, became the fourth player to score 300 career goals on November 18, when he picked up two goals in an 8\u20133 pasting of the Montreal Canadiens. The other players to reach this prestigious mark were Nels Stewart, Maurice Richard and Gordie Howe (who played opposite Lindsay for most of the latter's career).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 18], "section_span": [20, 34], "content_span": [35, 376]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074531-0003-0000", "contents": "1956\u201357 NHL season, Regular season\nOn January 5, the Rangers and the Black Hawks played an afternoon game at Madison Square Garden where the Rangers beat the Black Hawks 4\u20131. This game was broadcast on the Columbia Broadcast System network (CBS). Glen Skov spoiled Lorne \"Gump\" Worsley's would-be shutout with a goal in the third period.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 18], "section_span": [20, 34], "content_span": [35, 337]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074531-0004-0000", "contents": "1956\u201357 NHL season, Regular season\nMontreal beat Toronto 2\u20131 at the Forum in Montreal on January 10 and moved into first place. The game was hard-fought and referee Frank Udvari found it necessary to rule with an iron hand that angered the fans. Fans thought he was calling chippy penalties against the Habs and deliberately failing to call hooking and holding penalties by the Maple Leafs. The blow-off came in the last two minutes of the game. Maurice Richard received a high-sticking penalty. At 18:14, knowing his Maple Leafs were in danger, Toronto coach Howie Meeker pulled goaltender Ed Chadwick for six attackers.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 18], "section_span": [20, 34], "content_span": [35, 621]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074531-0004-0001", "contents": "1956\u201357 NHL season, Regular season\nDick Duff scored the tying goal, and Richard went berserk and commenced a heated argument with Udvari, banging his stick on the ice. He might have attacked Udvari if his teammates had not restrained him. Fans threw programmes, paper cups, hats and other debris and the game was held up. When it did resume, Bernie \"Boom Boom\" Geoffrion set up Don Marshall for the winning goal with a mere six seconds left to play. Although the fans were pleased with the outcome, an angry hum commenced as the players and officials left the ice.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 18], "section_span": [20, 34], "content_span": [35, 564]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074531-0004-0002", "contents": "1956\u201357 NHL season, Regular season\nUdvari had to be escorted to his dressing room by police and ushers. A large part of the crowd now directed its attention to NHL President Clarence Campbell seated in his box seat and he became the target of jeers and threats. The situation began to show some of the aspects of the Richard Riot of two years previous when Richard had been suspended for an attack on an official. It was at least 30 minutes before Campbell was able to leave under police protection.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 18], "section_span": [20, 34], "content_span": [35, 499]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074531-0005-0000", "contents": "1956\u201357 NHL season, Regular season\nTerry Sawchuk had been playing well and was a candidate for the Hart Trophy, when he came down with mononucleosis. He came back too soon and by January 16, he announced his retirement from hockey, a temporary one as he would be back in Detroit next season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 18], "section_span": [20, 34], "content_span": [35, 291]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074531-0006-0000", "contents": "1956\u201357 NHL season, Regular season\nGlenn Hall was not as good as the previous season, but led the Detroit Red Wings to first place. Hall had played only two games prior to 1955\u201356, but had shown such promise Sawchuk was sent off.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 18], "section_span": [20, 34], "content_span": [35, 229]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074531-0007-0000", "contents": "1956\u201357 NHL season, Regular season, Rule changes\nAt the start of this season, the NHL changed the way power plays work. Prior to this season, a team could score as many goals as they were able to in a two-minute power play with the penalized player remaining in the penalty box. The NHL changed it so that when a goal is scored on a two-minute power play, the power play finished. The reason for this was because the Montreal Canadiens were so dominant on the power play, the NHL needed a way of ensuring parity. The previous season saw the Canadiens score 26% of all the league's power play goals. Oddly enough, the number of power play goals league-wide actually increased from 251 to 265 after the rule changed. Montreal, though, scored 10 fewer power play goals.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 18], "section_span": [20, 48], "content_span": [49, 766]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074531-0008-0000", "contents": "1956\u201357 NHL season, Player statistics, Scoring leaders\nNote: GP = Games played, G = Goals, A = Assists, Pts = Points, PIM = Penalties in minutes", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 18], "section_span": [20, 54], "content_span": [55, 144]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074531-0009-0000", "contents": "1956\u201357 NHL season, Player statistics, Leading goaltenders\nNote: GP = Games played; Min \u2013 Minutes Played; GA = Goals Against; GAA = Goals Against Average; W = Wins; L = Losses; T = Ties; SO = Shutouts", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 18], "section_span": [20, 58], "content_span": [59, 200]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074531-0010-0000", "contents": "1956\u201357 NHL season, Debuts\nThe following is a list of players of note who played their first NHL game in 1956\u201357 (listed with their first team, asterisk(*) marks debut in playoffs):", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 18], "section_span": [20, 26], "content_span": [27, 181]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074531-0011-0000", "contents": "1956\u201357 NHL season, Last games\nThe following is a list of players of note that played their last game in the NHL in 1956\u201357 (listed with their last team):", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 18], "section_span": [20, 30], "content_span": [31, 154]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074532-0000-0000", "contents": "1956\u201357 National Football League (Ireland)\nThe 1956\u201357 National Football League was the 26th staging of the National Football League (NFL), an annual Gaelic football tournament for the Gaelic Athletic Association county teams of Ireland.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 42], "section_span": [42, 42], "content_span": [43, 237]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074532-0001-0000", "contents": "1956\u201357 National Football League (Ireland)\nGalway beat Kerry in the final, which was remembered as one of the greatest games for years. Kerry lead 0-5 to 0-4 at half-time. The \"goal of the century\", created by Se\u00e1n Purcell and scored by Frank Stockwell, secured victory.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 42], "section_span": [42, 42], "content_span": [43, 270]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074533-0000-0000", "contents": "1956\u201357 National Hurling League\nThe 1956\u201357 National Hurling League was the 26th season of the National Hurling League.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [31, 31], "content_span": [32, 119]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074533-0001-0000", "contents": "1956\u201357 National Hurling League, Division 1\nWexford came into the season as defending champions of the 1955-56 season. Antrim entered Division 1 as the promoted team from the previous season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 43], "content_span": [44, 191]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074533-0002-0000", "contents": "1956\u201357 National Hurling League, Division 1\nOn 12 May 1957, Tipperary won the title following a 3-11 to 2-7 win over Kilkenny in the final. It was their 7th league title overall and their first since 1954-55.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 43], "content_span": [44, 208]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074534-0000-0000", "contents": "1956\u201357 Nationalliga A, Overview\nIt was contested by 14 teams, and BSC Young Boys won the championship. FC Z\u00fcrich and FC Schaffhausen were both relegated down to the second division.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [24, 32], "content_span": [33, 182]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074535-0000-0000", "contents": "1956\u201357 Nationalliga A season\nThe 1956\u201357 Nationalliga A season was the 19th season of the Nationalliga A, the top level of ice hockey in Switzerland. Eight teams participated in the league, and EHC Arosa won the championship.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [29, 29], "content_span": [30, 226]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074536-0000-0000", "contents": "1956\u201357 New York Knicks season\nThe 1956\u201357 New York Knicks season was the 11th season for the team in the National Basketball Association (NBA). With a 36\u201336 record that placed them fourth in the Eastern Division, the Knicks failed to qualify for the NBA Playoffs.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [30, 30], "content_span": [31, 264]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074536-0001-0000", "contents": "1956\u201357 New York Knicks season, NBA Draft\nNote: This is not an extensive list; it only covers the first and second rounds, and any other players picked by the franchise that played at least one game in the league.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 41], "content_span": [42, 213]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074537-0000-0000", "contents": "1956\u201357 New York Rangers season\nThe 1956\u201357 New York Rangers season was the 31st season for the team in the National Hockey League.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [31, 31], "content_span": [32, 131]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074537-0001-0000", "contents": "1956\u201357 New York Rangers season, Player statistics\n\u2020Denotes player spent time with another team before joining Rangers. Stats reflect time with Rangers only. \u2021Traded mid-season. Stats reflect time with Rangers only.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 50], "content_span": [51, 215]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074538-0000-0000", "contents": "1956\u201357 Newport County A.F.C. season\nThe 1956\u201357 season was Newport County's 29th season in the Football League and 10th consecutive season in the Third Division South since relegation from the Second Division at the end of the 1946\u201347 season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [36, 36], "content_span": [37, 243]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074538-0001-0000", "contents": "1956\u201357 Newport County A.F.C. season, League table\nP = Matches played; W = Matches won; D = Matches drawn; L = Matches lost; F = Goals for; A = Goals against; GA = Goal average; Pts = Points", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 50], "content_span": [51, 190]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074539-0000-0000", "contents": "1956\u201357 North Carolina Tar Heels men's basketball team\nThe 1956\u201357 North Carolina Tar Heels men's basketball team (variously \"North Carolina\", \"Carolina\" or \"Tar Heels\") was the  varsity college basketball team to represent the University of North Carolina as a part of the Southern Conference for the NCAA season. The head coach was Frank McGuire. The team played its home games at Woollen Gymnasium in Chapel Hill, North Carolina, and was a member of the Atlantic Coast Conference. The team was the second undefeated national champion in NCAA basketball history and was the first ACC team to win a title.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 54], "section_span": [54, 54], "content_span": [55, 606]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074539-0001-0000", "contents": "1956\u201357 North Carolina Tar Heels men's basketball team, Season Summary\nHired away  from St. John\u2019s in 1952 to make North Carolina basketball competitive with rival NC State, legendary coach Frank McGuire mined his native New York for talent and put together a team that won the national championship by slowing down dominating Kansas center Wilt Chamberlain. A veteran lineup led by star forward Lennie Rosenbluth, who averaged 28 points, finished the season a perfect 32-0.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 54], "section_span": [56, 70], "content_span": [71, 474]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074540-0000-0000", "contents": "1956\u201357 Northern Football League\nThe 1956\u201357 Northern Football League season was the 59th in the history of the Northern Football League, a football competition in Northern England.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [32, 32], "content_span": [33, 181]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074540-0001-0000", "contents": "1956\u201357 Northern Football League, Clubs\nThe league featured 14 clubs which competed in the last season, no new clubs joined the league this season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 39], "content_span": [40, 147]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074541-0000-0000", "contents": "1956\u201357 Northern Rugby Football League season\nThe 1956\u201357 Rugby Football League season was the 62nd season of rugby league football.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 45], "section_span": [45, 45], "content_span": [46, 132]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074541-0001-0000", "contents": "1956\u201357 Northern Rugby Football League season, Season summary\nOldham finished the regular season as the league leaders and then won their fourth Rugby Football League Championship when they beat Hull F.C. 15-14 in the play-off final.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 45], "section_span": [47, 61], "content_span": [62, 233]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074541-0002-0000", "contents": "1956\u201357 Northern Rugby Football League season, Season summary\nThe Challenge Cup winners were Leeds who beat Barrow 9-7 in the final.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 45], "section_span": [47, 61], "content_span": [62, 132]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074541-0003-0000", "contents": "1956\u201357 Northern Rugby Football League season, Season summary\nOldham won the Lancashire League, and Leeds won the Yorkshire League. Oldham beat St. Helens 10\u20133 to win the Lancashire County Cup, and Wakefield Trinity beat Hunslet 23\u20135 to win the Yorkshire County Cup.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 45], "section_span": [47, 61], "content_span": [62, 266]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074541-0004-0000", "contents": "1956\u201357 Northern Rugby Football League season, Challenge Cup\nLeeds beat Barrow 9-7 in the Challenge Cup Final played at Wembley Stadium before a crowd of 76,318.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 45], "section_span": [47, 60], "content_span": [61, 161]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074541-0005-0000", "contents": "1956\u201357 Northern Rugby Football League season, Challenge Cup\nThis was Leeds\u2019 eighth Challenge Cup Final win in ten Final appearances. Jeff Stevenson, their scrum half back, was awarded the Lance Todd Trophy for his man-of-the-match performance.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 45], "section_span": [47, 60], "content_span": [61, 244]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074541-0006-0000", "contents": "1956\u201357 Northern Rugby Football League season, Kangaroo Tour\nOctober until December also saw the appearance of the Australian team in England on their 1956\u201357 Kangaroo Tour. Other than the three test Ashes series against Great Britain (won 2\u20131 by Australia), The Kangaroos played 16 matches against club and county representative sides.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 45], "section_span": [47, 60], "content_span": [61, 336]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074541-0007-0000", "contents": "1956\u201357 Northern Rugby Football League season, Kangaroo Tour\nThe Kangaroos were captain-coached by St George Dragons hooker Ken Kearney.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 45], "section_span": [47, 60], "content_span": [61, 136]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074542-0000-0000", "contents": "1956\u201357 Norwegian 1. Divisjon season\nThe 1956\u201357 Norwegian 1. Divisjon season was the 18th season of ice hockey in Norway. Eight teams participated in the league, and Tigrene won the championship.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [36, 36], "content_span": [37, 196]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074543-0000-0000", "contents": "1956\u201357 Norwegian Main League\nThe 1956\u20131957 Hovedserien was the 13th completed season of top division football in Norway.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [29, 29], "content_span": [30, 121]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074543-0001-0000", "contents": "1956\u201357 Norwegian Main League, Overview\nIt was contested by 16 teams, and Fredrikstad won the championship, their seventh league title. Sarpsborg FK was one of three teams to have appeared in all 12 completed editions of the top division, but was relegated at the end of the season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 39], "content_span": [40, 282]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074544-0000-0000", "contents": "1956\u201357 OB I bajnoksag season\nThe 1956\u201357 OB I bajnoks\u00e1g season was the 20th season of the OB I bajnoks\u00e1g, the top level of ice hockey in Hungary. Five teams participated in the league, and Voros Meteor Budapest won the championship.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [29, 29], "content_span": [30, 233]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074545-0000-0000", "contents": "1956\u201357 Oberliga\nThe 1956\u201357 Oberliga  was the twelfth season of the Oberliga, the first tier of the football league system in West Germany and the Saar Protectorate. The league operated in five regional divisions, Berlin, North, South, Southwest and West. The five league champions and the runners-up from the west, south, southwest and north then entered the 1957 German football championship which was won by Borussia Dortmund. It was Borussia Dortmund's second national championship, having won its first in the previous season and thereby becoming the first club to win back-to-back championships since Dresdner SC in 1943 and 1944.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 16], "section_span": [16, 16], "content_span": [17, 637]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074545-0001-0000", "contents": "1956\u201357 Oberliga\nDuring the season, on 1 January 1957, the Saar Protectorate officially joined West Germany, ending the post-Second World War political separation of the territory from the other parts of Germany, which had also seen the Oberliga S\u00fcdwest clubs from the Saarland, 1. FC Saarbr\u00fccken, Borussia Neunkirchen, Sportfreunde Saarbr\u00fccken, Saar 05 Saarbr\u00fccken and SV R\u00f6chling V\u00f6lklingen, leave the German league system from 1948 to 1951.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 16], "section_span": [16, 16], "content_span": [17, 443]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074545-0002-0000", "contents": "1956\u201357 Oberliga\nA similar-named league, the DDR-Oberliga, existed in East Germany, set at the first tier of the East German football league system. The 1957 DDR-Oberliga was won by SC Wismut Karl-Marx-Stadt.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 16], "section_span": [16, 16], "content_span": [17, 208]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074545-0003-0000", "contents": "1956\u201357 Oberliga, Oberliga Nord\nThe 1956\u201357 season saw two new clubs in the league, Heider SV and Concordia Hamburg, both promoted from the Amateurliga. The league's top scorer was Uwe Seeler of Hamburger SV with 31 goals.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 16], "section_span": [18, 31], "content_span": [32, 222]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074545-0004-0000", "contents": "1956\u201357 Oberliga, Oberliga Berlin\nThe 1956\u201357 season saw two new clubs in the league, BFC S\u00fcdring and Rapide Wedding, both promoted from the Amateurliga Berlin. The league's top scorer was Helmut Faeder of Hertha BSC Berlin with 18 goals.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 16], "section_span": [18, 33], "content_span": [34, 238]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074545-0005-0000", "contents": "1956\u201357 Oberliga, Oberliga West\nThe 1956\u201357 season saw two new clubs in the league, VfL Bochum and Meidericher SV, both promoted from the 2. Oberliga West. The league's top scorer was Alfred Kelbassa of Borussia Dortmund with 30 goals.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 16], "section_span": [18, 31], "content_span": [32, 235]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074545-0006-0000", "contents": "1956\u201357 Oberliga, Oberliga S\u00fcdwest\nThe 1956\u201357 season saw two new clubs in the league, Sportfreunde Saarbr\u00fccken and FV Speyer, both promoted from the 2. Oberliga S\u00fcdwest. The league's top scorer was Otto H\u00f6lzemann of TuS Neuendorf with 28 goals.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 16], "section_span": [18, 34], "content_span": [35, 245]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074545-0007-0000", "contents": "1956\u201357 Oberliga, Oberliga S\u00fcd\nThe 1956\u201357 season saw two new clubs in the league, Freiburger FC and FC Bayern Munich, both promoted from the 2. Oberliga S\u00fcd. The league's top scorer was Heinz Beck of Karlsruher SC with 34 goals, the highest total for any scorer in the five Oberligas in 1956\u201357.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 16], "section_span": [18, 30], "content_span": [31, 296]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074545-0008-0000", "contents": "1956\u201357 Oberliga, German championship\nThe 1957 German football championship was contested by the nine qualified Oberliga teams and won by Borussia Dortmund, defeating Hamburger SV in the final. The runners-up of the Oberliga Nord and S\u00fcd played a pre-qualifying match. The remaining eight clubs then played a single round of matches at neutral grounds in two groups of four. The two group winners then advanced to the final.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 16], "section_span": [18, 37], "content_span": [38, 424]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074546-0000-0000", "contents": "1956\u201357 Oberliga (ice hockey) season\nThe 1956-57 Oberliga season was the ninth season of the Oberliga, the top level of ice hockey in Germany. 11 teams participated in the league, and EV F\u00fcssen won the championship.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [36, 36], "content_span": [37, 215]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074547-0000-0000", "contents": "1956\u201357 Panhellenic Championship\nThe 1956\u201357 Panhellenic Championship was the 21st season of the highest football league of Greece and one of the most interesting championships in the 50s and also one of the most discussed due to the punishment of Ethnikos Piraeus from the HFF. Olympiacos won their 13th championship (4 consecutive) after an interesting race with Panathinaikos which ended in a tie and therefore the title was decided by a play-off round in which Olympiacos won. Compared to the previous season, the teams that participated in the final phase of the championship increased by 4 (10 out of 6) and resulted as follows:", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [32, 32], "content_span": [33, 634]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074547-0001-0000", "contents": "1956\u201357 Panhellenic Championship\nThe qualifying round matches took place from 16 September 1956 to 11 January 1957, while the final phase took place from 13 January to 18 July 1957. The point system was: Win: 3 points - Draw: 2 points - Loss: 1 point.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [32, 32], "content_span": [33, 251]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074548-0000-0000", "contents": "1956\u201357 Philadelphia Warriors season\nThe 1956\u201357 NBA season was the Warriors' 11th season in the NBA.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [36, 36], "content_span": [37, 101]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074549-0000-0000", "contents": "1956\u201357 Polska Liga Hokejowa season\nThe 1956\u201357 Polska Liga Hokejowa season was the 22nd season of the Polska Liga Hokejowa, the top level of ice hockey in Poland. Eight teams participated in the league, and Legia Warszawa won the championship.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [35, 35], "content_span": [36, 244]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074550-0000-0000", "contents": "1956\u201357 Port Vale F.C. season\nThe 1956\u201357 season was Port Vale's 45th season of football in the English Football League, and their third successive season (thirty-second overall) in the Second Division. An unmitigated disaster from start to finish, they were relegated in bottom place with just 22 points from 42 games. It was the end of an era, as the reputation of 'the Steele Curtain' had taken a severe blow, and its architect Freddie Steele left the club in January. The season was considered to be one where the old guard 'cracked', and thus many loyal servants of the club were let go in the summer of 1957, including Ray King, Reg Potts, Stan Turner, Tommy Cheadle, and Stan Smith.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [29, 29], "content_span": [30, 689]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074550-0001-0000", "contents": "1956\u201357 Port Vale F.C. season\nThree still-standing but unwanted club-records were set this season: a record 28 defeats in 42 matches, and a 22 game streak without a clean sheet (22 September 1956 to 23 February 1957), and a losing streak of nine straight games (9 March 1957 to 20 April 1957).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [29, 29], "content_span": [30, 293]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074550-0002-0000", "contents": "1956\u201357 Port Vale F.C. season, Overview, Second Division\nThe pre-season saw the arrival of Harry Anders, a winger from Manchester City signed for 'a substantial fee'.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 56], "content_span": [57, 166]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074550-0003-0000", "contents": "1956\u201357 Port Vale F.C. season, Overview, Second Division\nThe season started with Anders and Baily up front, a combination which failed during a goalless draw with Barnsley. Two losses followed in which eight goals were conceded. Harry Poole replaced Albert Leake in what was 'one of the few rays of sunlight in an otherwise gloomy beginning'. Vale then 'clicked into gear', picking up seven points out of a possible ten in September. This included a 4\u20132 win at Ewood Park, their last away win of the campaign.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 56], "content_span": [57, 509]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074550-0003-0001", "contents": "1956\u201357 Port Vale F.C. season, Overview, Second Division\nInjuries then ravaged the squad as Vale went on a sequence of eight straight defeats to take them from fourteenth to second from bottom. These included losses at the City Ground, Victoria Ground (in the first ever floodlit game in the Potteries), and Anfield. In October, Baily was sold to Nottingham Forest for \u00a37,000 \u2013 exactly what Vale had paid for him earlier in the year. Baily had failed to fit in with the team, and was seen as too individualist. The next month Steele bought experienced forward Billy Spurdle from Manchester City for \u00a34,000. He scored on his debut in a 3\u20132 win over Bury, and two weeks later he scored a brace in a 4\u20132 win over Doncaster Rovers. This temporarily took them away from relegation worries before a streak of seven games without victory.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 56], "content_span": [57, 831]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074550-0004-0000", "contents": "1956\u201357 Port Vale F.C. season, Overview, Second Division\nOn 15 January, Steele resigned, saying \"I am quite prepared to face the consequences\". On 2 February, Nottingham Forest travelled to Vale Park with Eddie Baily, and demolished Vale 7\u20131 in a record defeat for the club at the stadium. A week later, the \"Valiants\" put three past Fulham at Craven Cottage, but failed to pick up any points as Ray King conceded six goals despite a brilliant performance. On 18 February, 42-year-old Norman Low of Workington Town took the \u00a32,000 a year job as Vale manager.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 56], "content_span": [57, 558]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074550-0004-0001", "contents": "1956\u201357 Port Vale F.C. season, Overview, Second Division\nLow had no interest in the tactics of the opposition, and simply told his players to 'entertain the public'. He was confident the players at his disposal could reach safety, despite the difficult situation they found themselves in. His first match in charge saw a 3\u20130 win over Grimsby Town which took them out of the relegation zone. Yet what followed was a club-record nine game losing streak that doomed their season, five of which were played in Burslem.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 56], "content_span": [57, 514]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074550-0004-0002", "contents": "1956\u201357 Port Vale F.C. season, Overview, Second Division\nLow experimented with his team by dropping King and Roy Sproson (on a run of 128 consecutive appearances), but all that resulted was a 6\u20130 hammering from Sheffield United. However it was their 1\u20130 defeat at Gigg Lane to struggling Bury that did more damage to their prospects of survival. During this spell Reg Potts made his 166th consecutive appearance, though Low put young reserves into the fray after all seemed lost. After relegation was confirmed, Vale seemed to play better with the pressure lifted, and picked up five points in their last three games, including a 2\u20132 draw at home to rivals Stoke City. Low also announced his plans to rebuild the club, initiating a lengthy series of schoolboy trials.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 56], "content_span": [57, 767]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074550-0005-0000", "contents": "1956\u201357 Port Vale F.C. season, Overview, Second Division\nThey finished bottom of the table with 22 points, losing 18 of their 21 away games. They were eight points short of third-from-bottom Notts County. Their 57 goals scored was greater only than Lincoln City, whilst 'the Steele Curtain' was broken, conceding 101 goals, fewer than only two Football League clubs (Charlton Athletic and Crewe Alexandra). Top scorer Cyril Done only score nine goals, as no consistent scorer emerged all season long.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 56], "content_span": [57, 500]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074550-0006-0000", "contents": "1956\u201357 Port Vale F.C. season, Overview, Finances\nOn the financial side, 105,000 spectators had been lost from the previous season to an average of only 14,046, leaving an income from gate receipts of \u00a340,717. Despite this a profit of \u00a31,268 was recorded. This occurred because of a wage budget cut of around \u00a38,000 to \u00a320,684 and a transfer credit of \u00a3625. The club's debts were worrying however, causing the club's directors to funnel \u00a32,500 of their own resources towards repaying this debt.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 49], "content_span": [50, 494]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074550-0006-0001", "contents": "1956\u201357 Port Vale F.C. season, Overview, Finances\nA clear-out of players was initiated for the first time in a good while, those departing included: Cyril Done (Winsford United); Ray King (sold to Boston United for \u00a32,500); Reg Potts and Stan Turner (Worcester City); Tommy Cheadle, Stan Smith, and Derek Mountford (Crewe Alexandra); Len Stephenson and Billy Spurdle (Oldham Athletic); and Harry Anders (Accrington Stanley). Though many of these were some of the club's best players, many had also reached retirement age. Low admitted that he would have to buy young players to fill the vacancies in the first team.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 49], "content_span": [50, 615]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074550-0007-0000", "contents": "1956\u201357 Port Vale F.C. season, Overview, Cup competitions\nIn the FA Cup, Vale drew 3\u20133 with Barnsley at Oakwell, before losing the replay 1\u20130.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 57], "content_span": [58, 142]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074551-0000-0000", "contents": "1956\u201357 Primeira Divis\u00e3o\nThe 1956\u201357 Primeira Divis\u00e3o was the 23rd season of top-tier football in Portugal.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [24, 24], "content_span": [25, 107]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074551-0001-0000", "contents": "1956\u201357 Primeira Divis\u00e3o, Overview\nIt was contested by 14 teams, and S.L. Benfica won the championship.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 34], "content_span": [35, 103]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074552-0000-0000", "contents": "1956\u201357 Quaid-e-Azam Trophy\nThe 1956\u201357 Quaid-e-Azam Trophy was the third edition of the Quaid-e-Azam Trophy, the domestic first-class cricket competition in Pakistan.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [27, 27], "content_span": [28, 167]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074552-0001-0000", "contents": "1956\u201357 Quaid-e-Azam Trophy\nIn a change from the first two editions, the 1956\u201357 competition was contested in four round-robin groups, with the top teams in each playing semi-finals and a final to determine the winner. Matches were played from 25 December 1956 to 8 March 1957, with the group stage matches played over three days, the semi-finals over five days, and the final over six days.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [27, 27], "content_span": [28, 391]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074552-0002-0000", "contents": "1956\u201357 Quaid-e-Azam Trophy\nIn the final, Punjab defeated the Karachi Whites by 43 runs, claiming their first title. Hanif Mohammad was the leading run-scorer in the competition, and Fazal Mahmood was the leading wicket-taker.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [27, 27], "content_span": [28, 226]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074552-0003-0000", "contents": "1956\u201357 Quaid-e-Azam Trophy, Group stage\nThe winner of each zone, marked in bold, qualified for the semi-finals.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 40], "content_span": [41, 112]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074552-0004-0000", "contents": "1956\u201357 Quaid-e-Azam Trophy, Group stage\nPosition determined by total points; matches finishing in a draw or a tie were decided on first innings scores, with points awarded as follows:", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 40], "content_span": [41, 184]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074552-0005-0000", "contents": "1956\u201357 Quaid-e-Azam Trophy, Statistics, Most runs\nThe top five run-scorers are included in this table, listed by runs scored and then by batting average.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 50], "content_span": [51, 154]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074552-0006-0000", "contents": "1956\u201357 Quaid-e-Azam Trophy, Statistics, Most wickets\nThe top five wicket-takers are listed in this table, listed by wickets taken and then by bowling average.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 53], "content_span": [54, 159]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074553-0000-0000", "contents": "1956\u201357 RPI Green Devils men's basketball team\nThe 1956\u201357 RPI Green Devils men's basketball team represented the Richmond Professional Institute (now Virginia Commonwealth University) in NCAA men's basketball during the 1956\u201357 NCAA University Division men's basketball season. The season was the first year in program history that the Green Devils posted a winning record. The Green Devils were coached by Ed Allen.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 46], "section_span": [46, 46], "content_span": [47, 417]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074554-0000-0000", "contents": "1956\u201357 Rangers F.C. season\nThe 1956\u201357 season is the 77th season of competitive football by Rangers.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [27, 27], "content_span": [28, 101]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074554-0001-0000", "contents": "1956\u201357 Rangers F.C. season, Overview\nRangers played a total of 46 competitive matches during the 1956\u201357 season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 37], "content_span": [38, 113]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074555-0000-0000", "contents": "1956\u201357 Ranji Trophy\nThe 1956\u201357 Ranji Trophy was the 23rd season of the Ranji Trophy. Bombay won the title defeating Services in the final.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [20, 20], "content_span": [21, 140]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074556-0000-0000", "contents": "1956\u201357 Real Madrid CF season\nThe 1956\u201357 season was Real Madrid Club de F\u00fatbol's 54th season in existence and the club's 26th consecutive season in the top flight of Spanish football.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [29, 29], "content_span": [30, 184]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074556-0001-0000", "contents": "1956\u201357 Real Madrid CF season, Summary\nThe Spanish Federation lifted the ban on foreign player transfers allowing chairman Santiago Bernab\u00e9u to buy French playmaker Raymond Kopa from Stade de Reims to boost the midfield as a winger, in fact the trade was released days before the 1956 European Cup Final against the same French squad. Due to the rule of limited foreigners Kopa could not feature until October, when Di Stefano became a Spanish citizen. The team finished the League campaign 5 points above Sevilla and FC Barcelona, clinching its fifth League title ever. Also, Alfredo Di St\u00e9fano won the top scorer trophy with 31 goals.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 38], "content_span": [39, 636]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074556-0002-0000", "contents": "1956\u201357 Real Madrid CF season, Summary\nInitially, due to the rule of not being a current league champion, the club would not compete in the continental tournament. However, chairman Santiago Bernab\u00e9u, also an organizer of the competition, allowed their entry as holders; the squad won its second consecutive European Cup in a close Final against Italian team Fiorentina. During June, the club reached the quarterfinals of Copa del General\u00edsimo defeated 1\u20136 by FC Barcelona. It would be the only trophy not conquered by the squad in the campaign. The team closed a superb season clinching its second Latin Cup winning the Final against Portuguese side Benfica.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 38], "content_span": [39, 659]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074556-0003-0000", "contents": "1956\u201357 Real Madrid CF season, Squad\nNote: Flags indicate national team as defined under FIFA eligibility rules. Players may hold more than one non-FIFA nationality.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 36], "content_span": [37, 165]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074557-0000-0000", "contents": "1956\u201357 Red Star Belgrade season\nDuring the 1956\u201357 season, Red Star Belgrade participated in the 1956\u201357 Yugoslav First League, 1956\u201357 Yugoslav Cup, 1956 Mitropa Cup and 1956\u201357 European Cup.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [32, 32], "content_span": [33, 193]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074557-0001-0000", "contents": "1956\u201357 Red Star Belgrade season, Season summary\nRed Star participated in the European Cup for the first time and were eliminated by Fiorentina in the semi-finals.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 48], "content_span": [49, 163]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074558-0000-0000", "contents": "1956\u201357 Rheinlandliga\nThe 1956\u201357 Rheinlandliga was the fifth season of the highest amateur class of the Rhineland Football Association under the name of 1. Amateurliga Rheinland. It was a predecessor of today's Rheinlandliga. It was the first season in which the league played with two game divisions, East and West. The Rhineland champion was determined through a game between the division champions.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [21, 21], "content_span": [22, 402]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074558-0001-0000", "contents": "1956\u201357 Rheinlandliga\nThe 1. Amateurliga was below II. Division Southwest until 1963 and therefore the third-class in the hierarchy. In the seasons 1956\u201357 to 1962\u201363 the league was played in two divisions (East and West). The two division champions played to determine the Rhineland champion. With the introduction of the regional league Southwest as second highest class, starting in the 1963\u201364 season, the Amateur league Rheinland was again combined into one division.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [21, 21], "content_span": [22, 472]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074558-0001-0001", "contents": "1956\u201357 Rheinlandliga\nBeginning in the 1974\u201375 season, the league played a role as a sub-team to the newly introduced 2. Bundesliga, where the Rhineland champion played in a relegation against the champion of the Verbandsliga S\u00fcdwest and the Saarlandliga, for a position in the south divisions of the 2. Bundesliga. Starting from the 1978\u201379 season, the Oberliga Rheinland-Pfalz/Saar was introduced as the highest amateur class and this class was renamed to the \"Verbandsliga Rheinland\" and since then only fourth class.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [21, 21], "content_span": [22, 520]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074558-0002-0000", "contents": "1956\u201357 Rheinlandliga, Results\nRhineland champion was Germania Metternich through the victory against West division champion FC Bitburg. Subsequently, Germania Metternich managed a second place in the relegations rounds and moved up to the II. Division Southwest. TuS Diez, Sportsfreunde Herdorf II, SV Trier-West and TuS Konz had to descend, after this season, into the 2. Amateur League.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [23, 30], "content_span": [31, 389]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074558-0003-0000", "contents": "1956\u201357 Rheinlandliga, Results\nFor the following 1957\u201358 season, teams that moved up from the  2. Amateur League:", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [23, 30], "content_span": [31, 113]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074558-0004-0000", "contents": "1956\u201357 Rheinlandliga, Results\nFor the following 1957\u201358 season, Sportsfreunde Herdorf came down from the II.Division into the East division.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [23, 30], "content_span": [31, 141]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074558-0005-0000", "contents": "1956\u201357 Rheinlandliga, Results\nSC Moselwei\u00df switched to the West division after the season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [23, 30], "content_span": [31, 91]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074559-0000-0000", "contents": "1956\u201357 Rochdale A.F.C. season\nThe 1956\u201357 season saw Rochdale compete for their 29th season in the Football League Third Division North.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [30, 30], "content_span": [31, 137]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074560-0000-0000", "contents": "1956\u201357 Rochester Royals season\nThe 1956\u201357 NBA season was the Royals ninth season in the NBA.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [31, 31], "content_span": [32, 94]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074560-0001-0000", "contents": "1956\u201357 Rochester Royals season\nIt was also the franchise's final season in Rochester. The team relocated to Cincinnati during the offseason.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [31, 31], "content_span": [32, 141]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074561-0000-0000", "contents": "1956\u201357 Romanian Hockey League season\nThe 1956\u201357 Romanian Hockey League season was the 27th season of the Romanian Hockey League. Four teams participated in the league, and Recolta Miercurea Ciuc won the championship.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [37, 37], "content_span": [38, 218]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074562-0000-0000", "contents": "1956\u201357 Rugby Union County Championship\nThe 1956\u201357 Rugby Union County Championship was the 57th edition of England's premier rugby union club competition at the time.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [39, 39], "content_span": [40, 167]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074562-0001-0000", "contents": "1956\u201357 Rugby Union County Championship\nDevon won the competition for the seventh time (but first since 1912) after defeating Yorkshire in the final.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [39, 39], "content_span": [40, 149]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074563-0000-0000", "contents": "1956\u201357 SK Rapid Wien season\nThe 1956\u201357 SK Rapid Wien season was the 59th season in club history.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [28, 28], "content_span": [29, 98]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074564-0000-0000", "contents": "1956\u201357 SM-sarja season\nThe 1956\u201357 SM-sarja season was the 26th season of the SM-sarja, the top level of ice hockey in Finland. 10 teams participated in the league, and Ilves Tampere won the championship.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [23, 23], "content_span": [24, 205]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074565-0000-0000", "contents": "1956\u201357 San Francisco Dons men's basketball team\nThe 1956\u201357 San Francisco Dons men's basketball team represented the University of San Francisco as a member of the West Coast Athletic Conference during the 1956\u201357 NCAA men's basketball season. The Dons carried a 55-game unbeaten streak into the season, extending it to a then NCAA record 60-game winning streak. After falling out of the rankings, San Francisco battled back to finish the season with a 21\u20137 record (12\u20132 CBA) and reach their third consecutive Final Four. After losing to Kansas in the National Semifinals, USF defeated Michigan State in the Third Place Game.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 48], "section_span": [48, 48], "content_span": [49, 626]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074566-0000-0000", "contents": "1956\u201357 Scottish Cup\nThe 1956\u201357 Scottish Cup was the 72nd staging of Scotland's most prestigious football knockout competition. The Cup was won by Falkirk who defeated Kilmarnock in the replayed final.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [20, 20], "content_span": [21, 202]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074567-0000-0000", "contents": "1956\u201357 Scottish Division One\nThe 1956\u201357 Scottish Division One was won by Rangers by two points over nearest rival Heart of Midlothian. Dunfermline Athletic and Ayr United finished 17th and 18th respectively and were relegated to the 1957\u201358 Scottish Division Two.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [29, 29], "content_span": [30, 265]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074568-0000-0000", "contents": "1956\u201357 Scottish Division Two\nThe 1956\u201357 Scottish Second Division was won by Clyde who, along with second placed Third Lanark, were promoted to the First Division. East Stirlingshire finished bottom.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [29, 29], "content_span": [30, 200]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074570-0000-0000", "contents": "1956\u201357 Scottish Inter-District Championship\nThe 1956\u201357 Scottish Inter-District Championship was a  rugby union competition for Scotland's district teams.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [44, 44], "content_span": [45, 155]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074570-0001-0000", "contents": "1956\u201357 Scottish Inter-District Championship\nA notable selection for Glasgow District this season was that of Noel Bowden, a capped All Black from New Zealand,", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [44, 44], "content_span": [45, 159]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074570-0002-0000", "contents": "1956\u201357 Scottish Inter-District Championship\nSouth and Edinburgh District won the competition with two wins and a loss each.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [44, 44], "content_span": [45, 124]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074571-0000-0000", "contents": "1956\u201357 Scottish League Cup\nThe 1956\u201357 Scottish League Cup was the 11th season of Scotland's second football knockout competition. The competition was won Celtic, who defeated Partick Thistle in the Final.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [27, 27], "content_span": [28, 206]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074572-0000-0000", "contents": "1956\u201357 Segunda Divisi\u00f3n\nThe 1956\u201357 Segunda Divisi\u00f3n season was the 26th since its establishment and was played between 8 September 1956 and 16 June 1957.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [24, 24], "content_span": [25, 155]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074572-0001-0000", "contents": "1956\u201357 Segunda Divisi\u00f3n, Overview before the season\n40 teams joined the league, including 4 relegated from the 1955\u201356 La Liga and 11 promoted from the 1955\u201356 Tercera Divisi\u00f3n.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 52], "content_span": [53, 178]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074574-0000-0000", "contents": "1956\u201357 Serie A (ice hockey) season\nThe 1956\u201357 Serie A season was the 23rd season of the Serie A, the top level of ice hockey in Italy. Six teams participated in the league, and SG Cortina won the championship.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [35, 35], "content_span": [36, 211]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074575-0000-0000", "contents": "1956\u201357 Serie B\nThe Serie B 1956\u201357 was the twenty-fifth tournament of this competition played in Italy since its creation.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 15], "section_span": [15, 15], "content_span": [16, 123]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074575-0001-0000", "contents": "1956\u201357 Serie B, Teams\nVenezia and Sambenedettese had been promoted from Serie C, while Novara and Pro Patria had been relegated from Serie A.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 15], "section_span": [17, 22], "content_span": [23, 142]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074576-0000-0000", "contents": "1956\u201357 Serie C\nThe 1956\u201357 Serie C was the nineteenth edition of Serie C, the third highest league in the Italian football league system.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 15], "section_span": [15, 15], "content_span": [16, 138]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074576-0001-0000", "contents": "1956\u201357 Serie C\nThere were only three relegations because of the reform of the IV Serie.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 15], "section_span": [15, 15], "content_span": [16, 88]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074577-0000-0000", "contents": "1956\u201357 Sheffield Shield season\nThe 1956\u201357 Sheffield Shield season was the 55th season of the Sheffield Shield, the domestic first-class cricket competition of Australia. New South Wales won the championship for the fourth consecutive year. All five teams played each other home and away for the first time.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [31, 31], "content_span": [32, 308]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074578-0000-0000", "contents": "1956\u201357 Southern Football League\nThe 1956\u201357 Southern Football League season was the 54th in the history of the league, an English football competition.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [32, 32], "content_span": [33, 152]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074578-0001-0000", "contents": "1956\u201357 Southern Football League\nNo new clubs had joined the league for this season so the league consisted of 22 clubs from previous season. Kettering Town were champions, winning their first Southern League title. Five Southern League clubs applied to join the Football League at the end of the season, but none were successful. At the end of the season Welsh FA refused to sanction Llanelly's stay in the Southern League, the club left the league after seven years and switched to the Welsh football pyramid.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [32, 32], "content_span": [33, 511]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074578-0002-0000", "contents": "1956\u201357 Southern Football League, Football League elections\nFive Southern League clubs applied for election to the Football League. However, none were successful as all four League clubs were re-elected.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 59], "content_span": [60, 203]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074579-0000-0000", "contents": "1956\u201357 Soviet League season\nThe 1956\u201357 Soviet Championship League season was the 11th season of the Soviet Championship League, the top level of ice hockey in the Soviet Union. 16 teams participated in the league, and Krylya Sovetov Moscow won the championship.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [28, 28], "content_span": [29, 263]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074580-0000-0000", "contents": "1956\u201357 Spartan League\nThe 1956\u201357 Spartan League season was the 39th in the history of Spartan League, an association football league in London and the adjoining counties. The league consisted of 14 teams.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [22, 22], "content_span": [23, 206]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074581-0000-0000", "contents": "1956\u201357 St. Francis Terriers men's basketball team\nThe 1956\u20131957 St. Francis Terriers men's basketball team represented St. Francis College during the 1956\u201357 NCAA men's basketball season. The team was coached by Daniel Lynch, who was in his ninth year at the helm of the St. Francis Terriers. The team was a member of the Metropolitan New York Conference and played their home games at the II Corps Artillery Armory in Park Slope, Brooklyn.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 50], "section_span": [50, 50], "content_span": [51, 441]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074581-0001-0000", "contents": "1956\u201357 St. Francis Terriers men's basketball team\nBefore the season, Walter Adamushko was named team captain by Coach Lynch. Also prior to the season, Lynch was interviewed by the New York Times and he expressed pessimism about the teams progress, since he lost several players to graduation. Last year, Lynch's Terriers were nationally ranked and made it to the NIT semifinals.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 50], "section_span": [50, 50], "content_span": [51, 379]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074581-0002-0000", "contents": "1956\u201357 St. Francis Terriers men's basketball team\nThe Terriers participated in the 3rd Annual NAIA Tip-Off Tournament, which took place in Omaha, Nebraska. They defeated Eau Claire State in the first round, Gustavus Adolphus in the second round, but lost to Texas Southern in the Championship game.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 50], "section_span": [50, 50], "content_span": [51, 299]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074581-0003-0000", "contents": "1956\u201357 St. Francis Terriers men's basketball team, NBA Draft\nAt the end of the season Walter Adamushko was selected with the 42nd overall pick by the Detroit Pistons.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 50], "section_span": [52, 61], "content_span": [62, 167]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074582-0000-0000", "contents": "1956\u201357 St. Louis Hawks season\nThe 1956\u201357 St. Louis Hawks season was the 11th season for the franchise and eighth in the National Basketball Association (NBA). Prior to the start of the season, the Hawks made one of the biggest draft-day deals in NBA history. The Hawks sent 2nd overall pick Bill Russell to the Boston Celtics for Cliff Hagan and second-year star Ed Macauley. Macauley had been a popular player at St. Louis University. The Hawks struggled for most of the season and coach Red Holzman was fired midway through the season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [30, 30], "content_span": [31, 539]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074582-0000-0001", "contents": "1956\u201357 St. Louis Hawks season\nThe new head coach was Slater Martin, who led the Hawks to a 5\u20133 record. Martin did not want the added responsibility of head coach, so Alex Hannum took over for the rest of the season. Despite a 34\u201338 record, the Hawks claimed the Western Division by a tiebreaker and earned a bye into the Western Finals, where the Hawks swept the Minneapolis Lakers in three straight games. The Hawks met the Boston Celtics in the NBA Finals. The Hawks won Game 1 in double overtime, 125\u2013123 in Boston.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [30, 30], "content_span": [31, 519]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074582-0000-0002", "contents": "1956\u201357 St. Louis Hawks season\nThe Celtics took Game 2 and the Hawks took Game 3 at home by 2 points. After losing Game 5 in Boston, the Hawks needed another victory at home to force a decisive seventh game. Game 7 in Boston went into double overtime and the Celtics emerged victorious, winning by 2 points.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [30, 30], "content_span": [31, 307]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074583-0000-0000", "contents": "1956\u201357 Stoke City F.C. season\nThe 1956\u201357 season was Stoke City's 50th season in the Football League and the 17th in the Second Division.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [30, 30], "content_span": [31, 138]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074583-0001-0000", "contents": "1956\u201357 Stoke City F.C. season\nWith Stoke now entering a fourth season of Second tier football there was much pressure placed on both manager Frank Taylor and the squad for 1956\u201357. And Stoke made a great effort in an attempt to gain promotion with a fine home record and new floodlights which saw Lincoln City beaten 8\u20130 with Neville Coleman scoring 7. However, after this Stoke bizarrely failed to find the back of the net in six straight defeats and this poor run of form cost Stoke promotion and in the end they finished in 5th position with 48 points.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [30, 30], "content_span": [31, 556]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074583-0002-0000", "contents": "1956\u201357 Stoke City F.C. season, Season review, League\nIn the 1956\u201357 season, with the pressure on both the manager and players, Stoke made a great effort at winning promotion back to the First Division. A string of fine home results over Notts County (6\u20130), Leyton Orient (7\u20131) and Rotherham United (6\u20130) raised the fans hopes. Floodlights were installed in October 1956 and the first match under the lights was in the Potteries derby against Port Vale. A crowd of 38,729 turned up to see Stoke win 3\u20131 to maintain their good form.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 53], "content_span": [54, 531]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074583-0003-0000", "contents": "1956\u201357 Stoke City F.C. season, Season review, League\nNeville Coleman was getting the bulk of Stoke goals which accumulated on 23 February 1957 when Lincoln City arrived at the Victoria Ground. That day Stoke hammered luckless Lincoln 8\u20130 with Coleman scoring a record seven of the goals. At this stage of the season promotion looked like it could be achieved but all of a sudden Stoke's form completely dropped, after a 1\u20131 draw with Sheffield United Stoke lost their next six matches and failed to score in any of them and their hopes of promotion died.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 53], "content_span": [54, 555]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074583-0004-0000", "contents": "1956\u201357 Stoke City F.C. season, Season review, FA Cup\nStoke were drawn away at First Division side Arsenal in the third round and were beaten 4\u20132 by the \"Gunners\".", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 53], "content_span": [54, 163]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074584-0000-0000", "contents": "1956\u201357 Sussex County Football League\nThe 1956\u201357 Sussex County Football League season was the 32nd in the history of the competition.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [37, 37], "content_span": [38, 134]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074584-0001-0000", "contents": "1956\u201357 Sussex County Football League\nDivision 1 was reduced to sixteen teams as Eastbourne United left the league and Rye United being promoted from Division 2. Division 2 now featured fifteen teams from which the winner would be promoted into Division 1.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [37, 37], "content_span": [38, 256]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074584-0002-0000", "contents": "1956\u201357 Sussex County Football League, Division One\nThe division featured 16 clubs, 15 which competed in the last season, along with one new club:", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [39, 51], "content_span": [52, 146]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074584-0003-0000", "contents": "1956\u201357 Sussex County Football League, Division Two\nThe division featured 15 clubs, 12 which competed in the last season, along with three new clubs:", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [39, 51], "content_span": [52, 149]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074585-0000-0000", "contents": "1956\u201357 Swedish Division I season\nThe 1956\u201357 Swedish Division I season was the 13th season of Swedish Division I. G\u00e4vle GIK won the league title by finishing first in the final round.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [33, 33], "content_span": [34, 184]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074586-0000-0000", "contents": "1956\u201357 Swedish football Division 2\nStatistics of Swedish football Division 2 for the 1956\u201357 season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [35, 35], "content_span": [36, 101]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074587-0000-0000", "contents": "1956\u201357 Swedish football Division 3\nStatistics of Swedish football Division 3 for the 1956\u201357 season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [35, 35], "content_span": [36, 101]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074588-0000-0000", "contents": "1956\u201357 Syracuse Nationals season\nThe 1956\u201357 NBA season was the Nationals' 8th season in the NBA.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [33, 33], "content_span": [34, 98]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074589-0000-0000", "contents": "1956\u201357 Tennessee A&I State Tigers basketball team\nThe 1956\u201357 Tennessee A&I State Tigers basketball team represented Tennessee A&I State College (now called Tennessee State University) in National Association of Intercollegiate Athletics (NAIA) men's basketball during the 1956\u201357 season. Coached by third-year head coach John McLendon, the Tigers finished the season with a 31\u20134 record and were crowned NAIA national champions by winning the 1957 NAIA Tournament. This marked the first of three consecutive national championships, a feat that no other team at any level of college basketball had previously accomplished. In addition, the 1956\u201357 team became the first historically black college to win a national basketball title. In 2019, all three national championship teams were inducted into the Naismith Memorial Basketball Hall of Fame.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 50], "section_span": [50, 50], "content_span": [51, 845]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074590-0000-0000", "contents": "1956\u201357 Tercera Divisi\u00f3n\nThe 1956\u201357 Tercera Divisi\u00f3n season was the 21st since its establishment.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [24, 24], "content_span": [25, 98]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074591-0000-0000", "contents": "1956\u201357 Toronto Maple Leafs season\nThe 1956\u201357 Toronto Maple Leafs season was Toronto's 40th season in the National Hockey League (NHL).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [34, 34], "content_span": [35, 136]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074592-0000-0000", "contents": "1956\u201357 Tunisian National Championship\nThe 1956\u201357 Tunisian National Championship was the 31st season of football in Tunisia, and the first to start after the country's independence in March 1956.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [38, 38], "content_span": [39, 196]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074593-0000-0000", "contents": "1956\u201357 Tweede Divisie\nThe Dutch Tweede Divisie in the 1956\u201357 season was contested by 30 teams, divided in two groups. It was the first season of the new lowest tier of Dutch professional football, organised by the Royal Dutch Football Association (KNVB). Teams could not be relegated to amateur football. RBC and Leeuwarden won the championship and were promoted to the Eerste Divisie.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [22, 22], "content_span": [23, 387]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074593-0001-0000", "contents": "1956\u201357 Tweede Divisie\nThe composition of the league was based on the results of the previous season. The teams that had finished lowest in the Dutch amateur Eerste Klasse would play in this new league. Teams that finished higher, would start in the Eerste Divisie.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [22, 22], "content_span": [23, 265]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074593-0002-0000", "contents": "1956\u201357 Tweede Divisie\nThe league had been divided in two, with a Tweede Divisie A and a Tweede Divisie B, each comprising 15 teams. Teams from the Tweede Divisie A were roughly from the north and east of the Netherlands, teams from the Tweede Divisie B roughly from the west and south.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [22, 22], "content_span": [23, 286]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074594-0000-0000", "contents": "1956\u201357 UCLA Bruins men's basketball team\nThe 1956\u201357 UCLA Bruins men's basketball team represented the University of California, Los Angeles during the 1956\u201357 NCAA University Division men's basketball season and were members of the Pacific Coast Conference. The Bruins were led by ninth year head coach John Wooden. They finished the regular season with a record of 22\u20134 and finished second in the PCC with a record of 13\u20133.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 41], "section_span": [41, 41], "content_span": [42, 426]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074594-0001-0000", "contents": "1956\u201357 UCLA Bruins men's basketball team, Previous season\nThe Bruins finished the regular season with a record of 22\u20136 and won the PCC regular season championship with a record of 16\u20130. UCLA lost to the San Francisco Dons in the NCAA regional semifinals and defeated the Seattle Chieftains in the regional consolation game. The victory over Seattle was UCLA's first victory in the NCAA tournament.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 41], "section_span": [43, 58], "content_span": [59, 398]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074595-0000-0000", "contents": "1956\u201357 United States network television schedule\nThe following is the 1956\u201357 network television schedule for the three major English language commercial broadcast networks in the United States. The schedule covers primetime hours from September 1956 through March 1957. The schedule is followed by a list per network of returning series, new series, and series cancelled after the 1955\u201356 season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 49], "section_span": [49, 49], "content_span": [50, 398]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074595-0001-0000", "contents": "1956\u201357 United States network television schedule\nThe 1956\u201357 network television schedule continued the trend of the previous season, with two of the three major U.S. television networks (ABC and CBS) scheduling more and more westerns and adventure series during prime time. In addition to its current stable of Westerns, which included Cheyenne, The Lone Ranger, and The Life and Legend of Wyatt Earp, ABC scheduled two new Western TV series: Broken Arrow and The Adventures of Jim Bowie, while CBS added Dick Powell's Zane Grey Theater to its line-up, which already included Gunsmoke and Sergeant Preston of the Yukon. Castleman and Podrazik (1984) called the rush to schedule Western series on network television during this era \"a virtual stampede\".", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 49], "section_span": [49, 49], "content_span": [50, 753]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074595-0002-0000", "contents": "1956\u201357 United States network television schedule\nCBS \"inherited Sunday afternoon NFL contests from the defunct DuMont network in the fall of 1956\". Accordingly, \"the expansion into Sunday sports by CBS (and NBC) meant that the traditional afternoon 'egghead' slots for highbrow programming had to be broken up, pushing those shows into the few odd spots still open in the day, or eliminating them completely. This reflected the networks' shift in emphasis during the mid-1950s, slanting television much more toward broad-based popular entertainment. Increasingly, this meant television programming produced in Hollywood [...] In 1957, the amount of prime time programming originating on the West Coast jumped from 40% to 71%.\"", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 49], "section_span": [49, 49], "content_span": [50, 727]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074595-0003-0000", "contents": "1956\u201357 United States network television schedule\nNBC, behind CBS in the network Nielsen ratings, hired Robert Kintner to revamp NBC's schedule. According to Castleman and Podrazik (1982), NBC's plan was to launch a program which would compete directly with CBS's second most popular series, The Ed Sullivan Show, on Sunday, the most heavily viewed TV night: \"Sullivan's show was popular enough to boost the ratings of the programs on both before and after his; as a result, CBS had a chain of hits to begin the evening.\" NBC's strategy was designed to weaken CBS's Sunday night line-up.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 49], "section_span": [49, 49], "content_span": [50, 587]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074595-0003-0001", "contents": "1956\u201357 United States network television schedule\nNBC's new program, The Steve Allen Show, debuted in the summer to get a head start on the competition. Although the two programs enjoyed a fierce rivalry, Sullivan's program would remain wildly popular, finishing second among all TV programs in the ratings that year, while Allen's show missed the top 30. Beginning this season, NBC had at least one show in color for every day of the week.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 49], "section_span": [49, 49], "content_span": [50, 440]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074595-0004-0000", "contents": "1956\u201357 United States network television schedule\nNew fall series are highlighted in bold, while shows ending their runs are highlighted in italics.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 49], "section_span": [49, 49], "content_span": [50, 148]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074595-0005-0000", "contents": "1956\u201357 United States network television schedule\nEach of the 30 highest-rated shows is listed with its rank and rating as determined by Nielsen Media Research.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 49], "section_span": [49, 49], "content_span": [50, 160]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074595-0006-0000", "contents": "1956\u201357 United States network television schedule, Sunday\nNotes: On NBC, Hallmark Hall of Fame (Color) aired as a monthly series, 7:30\u20139 p.m.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 49], "section_span": [51, 57], "content_span": [58, 141]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074595-0007-0000", "contents": "1956\u201357 United States network television schedule, Sunday\nOn CBS, Air Power, narrated by Walter Cronkite, aired from 6:30 to 7:30 p.m. on November 11, 1956, and from 6:30 to 7:00 p.m. from November 18, 1956 to May 5, 1957.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 49], "section_span": [51, 57], "content_span": [58, 222]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074595-0008-0000", "contents": "1956\u201357 United States network television schedule, Monday\nOn NBC, Producers' Showcase (Color) aired as a monthly series, from 8\u20139:30 p.m. On CBS, in some areas, Douglas Edwards with the News aired at 6:45 p.m.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 49], "section_span": [51, 57], "content_span": [58, 209]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074595-0009-0000", "contents": "1956\u201357 United States network television schedule, Monday\nOn March 18, 1957, the popular Western series Tales of Wells Fargo debuted, replacing Stanley Monday nights on NBC at 8:30 PM EST.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 49], "section_span": [51, 57], "content_span": [58, 188]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074595-0010-0000", "contents": "1956\u201357 United States network television schedule, Monday\nFrom July 1 to September 23, 1957, the summer series Richard Diamond, Private Detective, starring David Janssen, aired on CBS at 8:30-9 p.m. It returned for a second irregular season on the CBS Thursday schedule from January 2 to June 26, 1958.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 49], "section_span": [51, 57], "content_span": [58, 302]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074595-0011-0000", "contents": "1956\u201357 United States network television schedule, Tuesday\nNOTE: On March 5, 1957, the suspense drama Panic! replaced Noah's Ark, a Jack Webb production, on the NBC schedule.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 49], "section_span": [51, 58], "content_span": [59, 174]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074595-0012-0000", "contents": "1956\u201357 United States network television schedule, Wednesday\nNote: On CBS, Pick the Winner aired as an interim U.S. election coverage series in September and October from 7:30 to 8 p.m. It previously had aired in 1952.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 49], "section_span": [51, 60], "content_span": [61, 218]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074595-0013-0000", "contents": "1956\u201357 United States network television schedule, Thursday\nNote: On ABC, Compass and Industries for America shared the 9:30\u201310:00 p.m. time slot from June to July 1957. Compass aired only in markets where the local affiliate did not choose to air local programming. Industries for America continued to air in the time slot until September 1957.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 49], "section_span": [51, 59], "content_span": [60, 345]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074595-0014-0000", "contents": "1956\u201357 United States network television schedule, Friday\nNote: On CBS, Mr. Adams and Eve premiered on January 4, 1957.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 49], "section_span": [51, 57], "content_span": [58, 119]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074595-0015-0000", "contents": "1956\u201357 United States network television schedule, Saturday\nNotes: On NBC, Saturday Color Carnival (Color) aired as a monthly series, 9:00\u201310:30 p.m. The 1957 version of the NBC summer series Encore Theatre consisted of reruns of episodes of Ford Theatre.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 49], "section_span": [51, 59], "content_span": [60, 255]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074595-0016-0000", "contents": "1956\u201357 United States network television schedule, By network, NBC\nNote: The * indicates that the program was introduced in midseason.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 49], "section_span": [51, 66], "content_span": [67, 134]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074596-0000-0000", "contents": "1956\u201357 United States network television schedule (daytime)\nThe 1956\u201357 daytime network television schedule for the three major English-language commercial broadcast networks in the United States covers the weekday daytime hours from September 1956 to August 1957.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 59], "section_span": [59, 59], "content_span": [60, 264]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074596-0001-0000", "contents": "1956\u201357 United States network television schedule (daytime)\nTalk shows are highlighted in yellow, local programming is white, reruns of prime-time programming are orange, game shows are pink, soap operas are chartreuse, news programs are gold and all others are light blue. New series are highlighted in bold.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 59], "section_span": [59, 59], "content_span": [60, 309]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074597-0000-0000", "contents": "1956\u201357 United States network television schedule (late night)\nThese are the late night Monday-Friday schedules on all three networks for each calendar season beginning September 1956. All times are Eastern and Pacific.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 62], "section_span": [62, 62], "content_span": [63, 219]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074597-0001-0000", "contents": "1956\u201357 United States network television schedule (late night)\nTalk shows are highlighted in yellow, local programming is white.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 62], "section_span": [62, 62], "content_span": [63, 128]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074598-0000-0000", "contents": "1956\u201357 WHL season\nThe 1956\u201357 WHL season was the fifth season of the Western Hockey League. The Brandon Regals were the President's Cup champions as they beat the New Westminster Royals in four games in the final series.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 18], "section_span": [18, 18], "content_span": [19, 221]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074598-0001-0000", "contents": "1956\u201357 WHL season, Playoffs\nThe Brandon Regals win the President's Cup 4 games to 0.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 18], "section_span": [20, 28], "content_span": [29, 85]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074599-0000-0000", "contents": "1956\u201357 WIHL season\n1956\u201357 was the 11th season of the Western International Hockey League.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [19, 19], "content_span": [20, 91]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074599-0001-0000", "contents": "1956\u201357 WIHL season, Semi finals\nTrail Smoke Eaters beat Nelson Maple Leafs 4 wins to 1.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [21, 32], "content_span": [33, 88]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074599-0002-0000", "contents": "1956\u201357 WIHL season, Final\nSpokane Flyers beat Trail Smoke Eaters 4 wins to none.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [21, 26], "content_span": [27, 81]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074599-0003-0000", "contents": "1956\u201357 WIHL season, Final\nSpokane Flyers advanced to the 1956-57 British Columbia Senior Playoffs.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [21, 26], "content_span": [27, 99]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074600-0000-0000", "contents": "1956\u201357 Washington Huskies men's basketball team\nThe 1956\u201357 Washington Huskies men's basketball team represented the University of Washington for the 1956\u201357 NCAA college basketball season. Led by seventh-year head coach Tippy Dye, the Huskies were members of the Pacific Coast Conference and played their home games on campus at Hec Edmundson Pavilion in Seattle, Washington.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 48], "section_span": [48, 48], "content_span": [49, 377]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074600-0001-0000", "contents": "1956\u201357 Washington Huskies men's basketball team\nThe Huskies were 17\u20139 overall in the regular season and 13\u20133 in conference play, tied for second in the standings.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 48], "section_span": [48, 48], "content_span": [49, 163]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074601-0000-0000", "contents": "1956\u201357 Washington State Cougars men's basketball team\nThe 1956\u201357 Washington State Cougars men's basketball team represented Washington State College for the 1956\u201357 college basketball season. Led by 29th-year head coach Jack Friel, the Cougars were members of the Pacific Coast Conference and played their home games on campus at Bohler Gymnasium in Pullman, Washington.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 54], "section_span": [54, 54], "content_span": [55, 372]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074601-0001-0000", "contents": "1956\u201357 Washington State Cougars men's basketball team\nThe Cougars were 8\u201318 overall in the regular season and 4\u201312 in conference play, tied for seventh in all of the standings.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 54], "section_span": [54, 54], "content_span": [55, 177]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074602-0000-0000", "contents": "1956\u201357 Welsh Cup\nThe 1956\u201357 FAW Welsh Cup is the 70th season of the annual knockout tournament for competitive football teams in Wales.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [17, 17], "content_span": [18, 137]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074602-0001-0000", "contents": "1956\u201357 Welsh Cup, Fifth round\nTen winners from the Fourth round and six new clubs.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 30], "content_span": [31, 83]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074602-0002-0000", "contents": "1956\u201357 Welsh Cup, Semifinal\nSwansea Town and Newport County played both matches at Cardiff, Wrexham and Chester played at Rhyl.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 28], "content_span": [29, 128]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074603-0000-0000", "contents": "1956\u201357 West Ham United F.C. season\nThe 1956\u201357 season was West Ham's seventeenth season in the Second Division since their relegation in season 1931\u201332. The club were managed by Ted Fenton and the team captain was Noel Cantwell.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [35, 35], "content_span": [36, 229]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074603-0001-0000", "contents": "1956\u201357 West Ham United F.C. season, Season summary\nWest Ham finished eighth and were at no time in either of the top two, promotion places. John Dick was the top scorer with 13 goals in all competitions. Top scorers in the league were Billy Dare and Eddie Lewis with eight goals. Malcolm Musgrove made the most appearances; 44 in all competitions. West Ham made the fourth round of the FA Cup before being eliminated by Everton.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 51], "content_span": [52, 429]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074603-0002-0000", "contents": "1956\u201357 West Ham United F.C. season, Squad\nNote: Flags indicate national team as defined under FIFA eligibility rules. Players may hold more than one non-FIFA nationality.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 42], "content_span": [43, 171]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074604-0000-0000", "contents": "1956\u201357 Western Football League\nThe 1956\u201357 season was the 55th in the history of the Western Football League.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [31, 31], "content_span": [32, 110]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074604-0001-0000", "contents": "1956\u201357 Western Football League\nThe champions for the first time in their history were Poole Town, and the winners of Division Two were Cinderford Town.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [31, 31], "content_span": [32, 152]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074604-0002-0000", "contents": "1956\u201357 Western Football League, Final tables, Division One\nDivision One was increased from seventeen to nineteen clubs after no clubs were relegated the previous season. Two clubs joined:", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 59], "content_span": [60, 188]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074604-0003-0000", "contents": "1956\u201357 Western Football League, Final tables, Division Two\nDivision Two was reduced from twenty to eighteen clubs after Taunton Town and Torquay United Reserves were promoted to Division One, Chippenham Town Reserves and Frome Town Reserves left the league, and no clubs were relegated from Division One. Two new clubs joined:", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 59], "content_span": [60, 327]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074605-0000-0000", "contents": "1956\u201357 Western Kentucky Hilltoppers basketball team\nThe 1956\u201357 Western Kentucky Hilltoppers men's basketball team represented Western Kentucky State College during the 1956-57 NCAA University Division Basketball season. The Hilltoppers were led by future Naismith Memorial Basketball Hall of Fame coach Edgar Diddle. One of the highlights of the season was a victory over 2nd ranked San Francisco at the newly opened Freedom Hall dedication. Western finished tied for the Ohio Valley Conference championship, however, the NCAA tournament bid went to co-champion, Morehead State. Ralph Crosthwaite and Owen Lawson were named to the All-Conference Team.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 52], "section_span": [52, 52], "content_span": [53, 653]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074606-0000-0000", "contents": "1956\u201357 William & Mary Indians men's basketball team\nThis is the current revision of this page, as edited by PrimeBOT (talk | contribs) at 23:38, 20 June 2020 (\u2192\u200eSchedule: Task 30 - remove deprecated parameter in Template:CBB schedule entry). The present address (URL) is a permanent link to this version.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 52], "section_span": [52, 52], "content_span": [53, 305]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074606-0001-0000", "contents": "1956\u201357 William & Mary Indians men's basketball team\nThe 1956\u201357 William & Mary Indians men's basketball team represented the College of William & Mary in intercollegiate basketball during the 1956\u201357 NCAA University Division men's basketball season. Under the fifth, and final, year of head coach Boydson Baird, the team finished the season 9\u201318, 7\u201311 in the Southern Conference. This was the 52nd season of the collegiate basketball program at William & Mary, whose nickname is now the Tribe. William & Mary played its home games at Blow Gymnasium.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 52], "section_span": [52, 52], "content_span": [53, 550]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074606-0002-0000", "contents": "1956\u201357 William & Mary Indians men's basketball team\nThe Indians finished in 6th place in the conference and qualified for the 1957 Southern Conference Men's Basketball Tournament, held at the Richmond Arena. However, William & Mary fell to VPI in the quarterfinals.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 52], "section_span": [52, 52], "content_span": [53, 266]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074607-0000-0000", "contents": "1956\u201357 Wisconsin Badgers men's basketball team\nThe 1956\u20131957 Wisconsin Badgers men's basketball team represented University of Wisconsin\u2013Madison. The head coach was Harold E. Foster, coaching his twentythird season with the Badgers. The team played their home games at the UW Fieldhouse in Madison, Wisconsin and was a member of the Big Ten Conference.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 47], "section_span": [47, 47], "content_span": [48, 353]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074608-0000-0000", "contents": "1956\u201357 York City F.C. season\nThe 1956\u201357 season was the 34th season of competitive association football and 27th season in the Football League played by York City Football Club, a professional football club based in York, Yorkshire, England. They finished in seventh position in the 24-team 1956\u201357 Football League Third Division North. They entered the 1956\u201357 FA Cup in the first round and lost in the second to Hull City.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [29, 29], "content_span": [30, 425]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074608-0001-0000", "contents": "1956\u201357 York City F.C. season\n21 players made at least one appearance in nationally organised first-team competition, and there were nine different goalscorers. Goalkeeper Tommy Forgan and forward Peter Wragg played in all 49 first-team matches over the season. Arthur Bottom finished as leading goalscorer with 22 goals, of which 21 came in league competition and one came in the FA Cup.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [29, 29], "content_span": [30, 388]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074609-0000-0000", "contents": "1956\u201357 Yugoslav Cup\nThe 1956\u201357 Yugoslav Cup was the 10th season of the top football knockout competition in SFR Yugoslavia, the Yugoslav Cup (Serbo-Croatian: Kup Jugoslavije), also known as the \"Marshal Tito Cup\" (Kup Mar\u0161ala Tita), since its establishment in 1946.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [20, 20], "content_span": [21, 267]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074609-0001-0000", "contents": "1956\u201357 Yugoslav Cup, Round of 16\nIn the following tables winning teams are marked in bold; teams from outside top level are marked in italic script.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [22, 33], "content_span": [34, 149]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074610-0000-0000", "contents": "1956\u201357 Yugoslav First League\nThe 1956\u201357 Yugoslav First League season was the 11th season of the First Federal League (Serbo-Croatian: Prva savezna liga), the top level association football league of SFR Yugoslavia, since its establishment in 1946. Fourteen teams contested the competition, with Red Star winning their fourth title.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [29, 29], "content_span": [30, 333]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074610-0001-0000", "contents": "1956\u201357 Yugoslav First League\nThe season featured an unusually long four-month winter break \u2014 from 28 October 1956 until 3 March 1957 \u2014 during which the Yugoslav Olympic national team, which entirely consisted of players from the Yugoslav First League, participated at the 1956 Melbourne Olympics and won the silver medal.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [29, 29], "content_span": [30, 322]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074610-0002-0000", "contents": "1956\u201357 Yugoslav First League, Teams\nAt the end of the previous season \u017deljezni\u010dar and Proleter Osijek were relegated from top level. They were replaced by Lokomotiva and Vardar.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 36], "content_span": [37, 178]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074611-0000-0000", "contents": "1956\u201357 Yugoslav Ice Hockey League season\nThe 1956\u201357 Yugoslav Ice Hockey League season was the 15th season of the Yugoslav Ice Hockey League, the top level of ice hockey in Yugoslavia. Five teams participated in the league, and Jesenice have won the championship.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 41], "section_span": [41, 41], "content_span": [42, 264]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074612-0000-0000", "contents": "1956\u201357 exodus and expulsions from Egypt\nThe 1956\u201357 exodus and expulsions from Egypt was the exodus and expulsion of Egypt's Mutamassirun, which began during the latter stages of the Suez Crisis in Nasserist Egypt.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [40, 40], "content_span": [41, 215]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074612-0001-0000", "contents": "1956\u201357 exodus and expulsions from Egypt, Background\nThe exodus of the Mutamassirun (\"Egyptianized\"), which included the British and French colonial powers as well as Jews, Greeks, Italians, Syrians, Armenians, began following the First World War, and by the end of the 1960s the exodus of the foreign population was effectively complete. According to Andrew Gorman, this was primarily a result of the \"decolonization process and the rise of Egyptian nationalism\". In addition, there was an indigenous Jewish population, although most Jews in Egypt in the early twentieth century were recent immigrants to the country, who did not share the Arabic language and culture. Until the late 1930s, the foreign minorities, including both indigenous and recent immigrant Jews, tended to apply for dual-citizenship in addition to their Egyptian birth citizenship order to benefit from a foreign protection.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [42, 52], "content_span": [53, 897]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074612-0002-0000", "contents": "1956\u201357 exodus and expulsions from Egypt, Background\nIn October 1956, following the invasion by Britain, France and Israel in the Suez Crisis, President Gamal Abdel Nasser brought in a set of sweeping regulations abolishing civil liberties and allowing the state to stage mass arrests without charge and strip away Egyptian citizenship from any group it desired. Some lawyers, engineers, doctors and teachers were not allowed to work in their professions. As part of its new policy, 1,000 Jews were arrested and 500 Jewish businesses were seized by the government. Jewish bank accounts were confiscated and many Jews lost their jobs.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [42, 52], "content_span": [53, 633]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074612-0003-0000", "contents": "1956\u201357 exodus and expulsions from Egypt, Expulsion\nThe actions taken to encourage emigration or expel the foreign minorities applied to the whole Mutamassirun population, and after 1956 a large majority of Greeks, Italians, Belgians, French, and British, including Jews, left the country. The decree was also relevant to Egyptian Jews suspected as Zionist agents, especially those with free professions and relatives in Israel.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [42, 51], "content_span": [52, 428]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074612-0004-0000", "contents": "1956\u201357 exodus and expulsions from Egypt, Expulsion\nThe expellees were allowed to take only one suitcase and a small sum of cash, and forced to sign declarations \"donating\" their property to the Egyptian government.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [42, 51], "content_span": [52, 215]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074612-0005-0000", "contents": "1956\u201357 exodus and expulsions from Egypt, Expulsion\nForeign observers reported that some members of Jewish families were taken hostage, apparently to ensure that those forced to leave did not speak out against the Egyptian government. Some 23,000\u201425,000 Jews out of 60,000 in Egypt left, mainly for Israel, Europe, the United States and South America. Many were forced to sign declarations that they were voluntarily emigrating and agreed to the confiscation of their assets. Similar measures were enacted against British and French nationals in retaliation for the invasion. By 1957 the Jewish population of Egypt had fallen to 15,000.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [42, 51], "content_span": [52, 636]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074612-0006-0000", "contents": "1956\u201357 exodus and expulsions from Egypt, Expulsion\nThe Guardian correspondent Michael Adams noted in 1958 that the Egyptian government ultimately expelled a minority of the Jewish population of Egypt, though many Jews left as a result of increasing pressure. This is supported by Laskier who claims: \"It is estimated that as early as the end of November 1956 at least 500 Egyptian and stateless Jews had been expelled from Egypt\". In contrast, Max Elstein Keisler claims that \"around 25 000 Jews were expelled that year (1956)\", equivalent to all of the Jews who left Egypt in 1956.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [42, 51], "content_span": [52, 583]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074612-0007-0000", "contents": "1956\u201357 exodus and expulsions from Egypt, Expulsion\nOn December 9, 1956, Egyptian Interior Minister Zakaria Mohieddin stated that of Egypt's 18,000 British and French citizens, 1,452 had been ordered to be expelled.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [42, 51], "content_span": [52, 215]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074613-0000-0000", "contents": "1956\u201357 in Belgian football\nThe 1956\u201357 season was the 54th season of competitive football in Belgium. R Antwerp FC won their 4th Division I title. RSC Anderlechtois also entered the 1956\u201357 European Champion Clubs' Cup as Belgian title holder. The Belgium national football team started their 1958 FIFA World Cup qualification campaign, losing to France and winning against Iceland.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [27, 27], "content_span": [28, 383]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074613-0001-0000", "contents": "1956\u201357 in Belgian football, Overview\nAt the end of the season, K Beeringen FC and R Charleroi SC were relegated to Division II and were replaced in Division I by K Waterschei SV Thor and K Sint-Truidense VV from Division II. The bottom 2 clubs in Division II (RC Tirlemont and RRC de Bruxelles) were relegated to Division III while both Division III winners (KFC Diest and KSC Eendracht Aalst) qualified for Division II. The bottom 2 clubs of each Division III league SRU Verviers, Mol Sport, FC Vigor Hamme and RUS Tournaisienne were relegated to the Promotion, to be replaced by Overpeltse VV, RCS Brainois, Aarschot Sport and RC Lokeren from Promotion.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 37], "content_span": [38, 656]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074613-0002-0000", "contents": "1956\u201357 in Belgian football, European competitions\nRSC Anderlecht lost in the first round of the 1956\u201357 European Champion Clubs' Cup to Manchester United of England (defeat 0-2 at home and defeat 10-0 away).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 50], "content_span": [51, 208]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074614-0000-0000", "contents": "1956\u201357 in English football\nThe 1956\u201357 season was the 77th season of competitive football in England.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [27, 27], "content_span": [28, 102]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074614-0001-0000", "contents": "1956\u201357 in English football\nManchester United won the First Division to become English football champions for the fifth time. Tottenham Hotspur were runners-up. In the Second Division it was Leicester City who finished in top spot, ahead of East Midlands rivals, Nottingham Forest. Hartlepools United finished as runners-up to Derby County in Third Division North, while in the Third Division South, Ipswich Town won the title ahead of Torquay United.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [27, 27], "content_span": [28, 451]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074614-0002-0000", "contents": "1956\u201357 in English football\nAston Villa won a record seventh FA Cup,  beating Manchester United in the final and denying their opponents the chance of being the first double winners of the 20th century. The Charity Shield featured a Manchester derby, with United defeating City in the match.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [27, 27], "content_span": [28, 291]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074614-0003-0000", "contents": "1956\u201357 in English football\nThe England national team won the British Home Championship, with Scotland the runners-up.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [27, 27], "content_span": [28, 118]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074614-0004-0000", "contents": "1956\u201357 in English football, Honours\nNotes = Number in parentheses is the times that club has won that honour. * indicates new record for competition", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 36], "content_span": [37, 149]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074614-0005-0000", "contents": "1956\u201357 in English football, FA Cup\nAston Villa won the FA Cup for a then record seventh time.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 35], "content_span": [36, 94]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074614-0006-0000", "contents": "1956\u201357 in English football, Football League, First Division\nManchester United's young team dominated the English game once again, retaining the First Division title and also becoming England's first representatives in the European Cup, reaching the semi-finals, and also finishing runners-up in the FA Cup to an Aston Villa side who won the trophy for a record seventh time. Tottenham Hotspur finished runners-up, while Tom Finney's influence at Preston helped the Deepdale side finish third, while another veteran winger, Stanley Matthews, helped his own side finish fourth. Leeds United enjoyed possibly their best season to date by finishing eighth, but their hopes of further achievements in the immediate future were then hit by the news that star striker John Charles would be on his way to Juventus of Italy in a transfer worth \u00a365,000.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 60], "content_span": [61, 844]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074614-0007-0000", "contents": "1956\u201357 in English football, Football League, First Division\nCharlton Athletic and Cardiff City went down to the Second Division.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 60], "content_span": [61, 129]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074614-0008-0000", "contents": "1956\u201357 in English football, Football League, Second Division\nIt was an East Midlands promotion double in the Second Division as Leicester City won the title by a comfortable margin, and were joined on the way upwards by runners-up and local rivals Nottingham Forest. Liverpool missed out on promotion by a single point under the management of their former player Phil Taylor, while Blackburn Rovers fell two points short of promotion.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 61], "content_span": [62, 435]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074614-0009-0000", "contents": "1956\u201357 in English football, Football League, Second Division\nBury and Port Vale went down from the Second Division.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 61], "content_span": [62, 116]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074614-0010-0000", "contents": "1956\u201357 in English football, Football League, Third Division North\nDerby County, who had declined sharply since their 1946 FA Cup triumph, finally enjoyed some long-awaited success by winning the Third Division North title and promotion to the Second Division.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 66], "content_span": [67, 260]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074614-0011-0000", "contents": "1956\u201357 in English football, Football League, Third Division South\nAlf Ramsey, the former Tottenham and England player, guided Ipswich Town to title glory in the Third Division South, securing their promotion to the Second Division ahead of a Torquay side who had yet to play Second Division football. The leading pair finished a single point ahead of Colchester United, one of the Football League's newest members.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 66], "content_span": [67, 415]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074614-0012-0000", "contents": "1956\u201357 in English football, Notable debutants\n6 October 1956: Bobby Charlton, five days short of his 19th birthday, scores twice on his debut for Manchester United in a 4-2 home win over Charlton Athletic in the First Division.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 46], "content_span": [47, 228]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074614-0013-0000", "contents": "1956\u201357 in English football, Notable debutants\n24 October 1956: David Gaskell, 16-year-old goalkeeper, keeps goal for Manchester United in their Charity Shield match against Manchester City due to an injury to regular goalkeeper Ray Wood.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 46], "content_span": [47, 238]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074614-0014-0000", "contents": "1956\u201357 in English football, Notable debutants\n24 December 1956: Denis Law, 16-year-old Scottish forward, makes his debut for Huddersfield Town against Notts County in the Second Division.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 46], "content_span": [47, 188]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074614-0015-0000", "contents": "1956\u201357 in English football, Europe\nLeague champions Manchester United became the first English side to enter the European Cup, now in its second season. They began on a high note by eliminating Belgian champions Anderlecht, confirming qualification for the first knockout round by beating the Belgian side 10-0 in the preliminary round second leg at Maine Road. They reached the semi-finals, narrowly being beaten by defending European champions Real Madrid of Spain, who went on to retain the trophy.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 35], "content_span": [36, 502]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074615-0000-0000", "contents": "1956\u201357 in Israeli football\nThe 1956\u201357 season was the 9th season of competitive football in Israel and the 31st season under the Israeli Football Association, established in 1928, during the British Mandate.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [27, 27], "content_span": [28, 208]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074615-0001-0000", "contents": "1956\u201357 in Israeli football, Review and Events\nIn September 1956, the national team participated in the inaugural AFC Asian Cup competition, finishing as runners-up.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 46], "content_span": [47, 165]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074615-0002-0000", "contents": "1956\u201357 in Israeli football, Review and Events\nIn the penultimate round of Liga Alef, Hapoel Kfar Saba, who were leading the table, scored a 12\u20130 victory against Hapoel Nahariya, while its rival for promotion, Maccabi Rehovot score an 11\u20130 victory against local rival Maccabi Sha'arayim. The IFA set up a committee, headed by the IFA president, Yosef-Michael Lamm to investigate the results. After the investigation the committee decided to set promotion play-offs for the five teams involved in promotion battles. The play-offs were held after the summer break, at the beginning of the next season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 46], "content_span": [47, 599]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074615-0003-0000", "contents": "1956\u201357 in Israeli football, Review and Events\nAt the end of the league season, the top division was re-expanded to 12 teams. No club was relegated from Liga Leumit, while two teams were promoted (after the completion of the special promotion play-offs). The bottom club in Liga Leumit, Maccabi Jaffa entered a promotion/relegation play-offs again the third-placed club from 1956\u201357 Liga Alef. As Hapoel Jerusalem finished third in Liga Alef, prior to the committee's decision to hold the promotion play-offs, Maccabi Jaffa and Hapoel Jerusalem played the first match, resulting in a 1\u20131 draw. The second match was delayed and then cancelled as the committee ordered the play-offs.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 46], "content_span": [47, 681]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074615-0004-0000", "contents": "1956\u201357 in Israeli football, Domestic leagues, Promotion and relegation\nThe following promotions and relegations took place at the end of the season (including the Liga Alef promotion play-offs, played at the beginning of the next season):", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 71], "content_span": [72, 239]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074615-0005-0000", "contents": "1956\u201357 in Israeli football, Domestic leagues, Promotion and relegation\n1. Hapoel Balfouria merged with Hapoel Afula. The merged team, although at times appearing as Hapoel Balfouria or Hapoel Afula/Balfouria, eventually retained the name Hapoel Afula and played with this name since.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 71], "content_span": [72, 284]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074616-0000-0000", "contents": "1956\u201357 in Scottish football\nThe 1956\u201357 season was the 84th season of competitive football in Scotland and the 60th season of the Scottish Football League.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [28, 28], "content_span": [29, 156]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074617-0000-0000", "contents": "1956\u201359 Nordic Football Championship\nThe 1956\u201359 Nordic Football Championship was the seventh tournament staged. Four Nordic countries participated: Denmark, Finland, Norway and Sweden. Sweden won the tournament, its fifth Nordic Championship win.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [36, 36], "content_span": [37, 247]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074617-0001-0000", "contents": "1956\u201359 Nordic Football Championship, Table\n'Two points for a victory, one point for a draw, no points for a loss.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 43], "content_span": [44, 114]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074618-0000-0000", "contents": "1956\u221257 Nigerian regional elections\nRegional elections were held in Nigeria in 1956 and 1957. Members of the Western Region Legislative Assembly were elected on 26 May 1956, in eighty districts using the single-member plurality system. Members of the Eastern Region Legislative Assembly were elected on 15 March 1957, in twenty-seven districts using the multiple non-transferable vote.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [35, 35], "content_span": [36, 385]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074619-0000-0000", "contents": "1957\n1957 (MCMLVII) was a common year starting on Tuesday of the Gregorian calendar, the 1957th year of the Common Era (CE) and Anno Domini (AD) designations, the 957th  year of the 2nd\u00a0millennium, the 57th  year of the 20th\u00a0century, and the  8th   year of the 1950s decade.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 4], "section_span": [4, 4], "content_span": [5, 274]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074620-0000-0000", "contents": "1957 (album)\n1957 is the eighth studio album by the experimental band Soul-Junk. It was released on November 5, 2002 through Sounds Familyre Records.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 12], "section_span": [12, 12], "content_span": [13, 149]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074621-0000-0000", "contents": "1957 1000 km Buenos Aires\nThe 1957 1000 km Buenos Aires took place on 20 January, on the Circuito de la Costanera Norte, (Buenos Aires, Argentina). It was the fourth running of the race, and once again, it was opening round of the F.I.A. World Sports Car Championship. For this event, was moved from its previous venue, the Aut\u00f3dromo Municipal-Avenida Paz, only to return to the Aut\u00f3dromo in 1958.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [25, 25], "content_span": [26, 397]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074621-0001-0000", "contents": "1957 1000 km Buenos Aires, Report, Entry\nA grand total of 30 racing cars were registered for this event, of which all 30 arrived for practice and 24 for qualifying for the race. Although this was the first major sports car race of the year, as in previous years, the race was poorly supported by the work of teams. Again, only Ferrari and Maserati sent cars from Europe. Both teams were represented by multiple cars in the race.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [27, 40], "content_span": [41, 428]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074621-0001-0001", "contents": "1957 1000 km Buenos Aires, Report, Entry\nFerrari send two Ferrari 290 S and a single Ferrari 290 MM, but also loaned works driver to the Americans entered 290 MM of Scuderia Temple Buell during the meeting. Meanwhile, Officine Alfieri Maserati was represented a four different cars, across five entries. The remaining bulk of the field, were cars from South American teams.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [27, 40], "content_span": [41, 373]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074621-0002-0000", "contents": "1957 1000 km Buenos Aires, Report, Entry\nUnlike the previous 1000\u00a0km Buenos Aires races, the Autom\u00f3vil Club Argentino decided the race should take place at a different venue, instead of the Aut\u00f3dromo Municipal-Avenida Paz. They choose the Circuito de la Costanera Norte, which used the wide service roads of the Aeroparque Jorge Newbery. The reason for the change was that need to move to a \u201csafer\u201d track.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [27, 40], "content_span": [41, 405]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074621-0003-0000", "contents": "1957 1000 km Buenos Aires, Report, Qualifying\nAfter a three-hour qualifying session held on the prior to the race, the local hero, Juan Manuel Fangio took pole position for Officine Alfieri Maserati, in their Maserati 450S.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [27, 45], "content_span": [46, 223]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074621-0004-0000", "contents": "1957 1000 km Buenos Aires, Report, Race\nThe race was held over 98 laps of the 6.350 mile, Circuito de la Costanera Norte, giving a distance of 622.281 miles (1,001.462\u00a0km). in front of an estimated crowd of 100,000, it was the winner of the 1956 race, Stirling Moss, Fangio\u2019s team-mate, who took an early lead from the entire fleet of Ferraris, piloted by Eugenio Castellotti, Peter Collins, Alfonso de Portago and Masten Gregory in the Temple Buell Ferrari. Jean Behra appears next in sixth. At the end of lap one, Castellotti pits with differential problems and loses more than seven minutes, and hands the car over to Luigi Musso. During the second lap, the Maserati 300S of Oscar Cabal\u00e9n skidded off the track and into the crowd, causing numerous injuries.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [27, 39], "content_span": [40, 760]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074621-0005-0000", "contents": "1957 1000 km Buenos Aires, Report, Race\nAt the end of the third lap, Collins retired his Ferrari 290 S with dangerously low oil pressure, meanwhile, Moss was marching way at the head of field, now being followed by Gregory, de Portago and Behra. Lap after lap, Moss continued to pull away from the field. On lap 24, he set the fastest lap of the race, before handing the car over to Fangio, who drove at the same feverish pace, increasing their advantage and wreaking havoc among his followers. Lap 56, was the Ferrari of Musso abandon the race with an ignition fault, meanwhile a lap later, Fangio heads into the pits with insurmountable problems with the differential.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [27, 39], "content_span": [40, 670]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074621-0006-0000", "contents": "1957 1000 km Buenos Aires, Report, Race\nBrought about by the numerous retirements and changes in the composition of the works Italian teams, as a result of the withdrawal of the Moss/Fangio Maserati, the Temple Buell Ferrari lead the Ferrari of de Portago/Collins and the Maserati of Behra/Carlos Mendit\u00e9guy. This Maserati pairing are joined by Moss. Taking all conceivable risks, Moss is able to relive the second Ferrari, now being driven by Castellotti, of second place on lap 88.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [27, 39], "content_span": [40, 483]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074621-0006-0001", "contents": "1957 1000 km Buenos Aires, Report, Race\nAt every turn, Moss reduces the lead, but the partnership of Gregory/Castellotti/Musso hold to take the spoils, winning in a time of 6hrs 10:29.9 mins., averaging a speed of 100.775\u00a0mph. In second was the sole remaining Officine Alfieri Maserati of Behra/ Mendit\u00e9guy/Moss, albeit 83.5 seconds drift. The podium was complete by the Scuderia Ferrari, of de Portago/Collins/Castellotti, who were a 66.2 seconds back.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [27, 39], "content_span": [40, 453]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074621-0007-0000", "contents": "1957 1000 km Buenos Aires, Report, Race\nAs a result of Fangio\u2019s retirement, Moss and Mendit\u00e9guy in car number 31, took an impressive victory,", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [27, 39], "content_span": [40, 141]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074621-0008-0000", "contents": "1957 1000 km Buenos Aires, Standings after the race\nChampionship points were awarded for the first six places in each race in the order of 8-6-4-3-2-1. Manufacturers were only awarded points for their highest finishing car with no points awarded for positions filled by additional cars. Only the best 4 results out of the 7 races could be retained by each manufacturer. Points earned but not counted towards the championship totals are listed within brackets in the above table.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [27, 51], "content_span": [52, 478]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074622-0000-0000", "contents": "1957 1000km of N\u00fcrburgring\nThe 3. Internationales ADAC 1000 Kilometer Rennen auf dem N\u00fcrburgring  took place on 26 May 1957, on the N\u00fcrburgring Nordschleife, (West Germany). It was also the fourth round of the F.I.A. World Sports Car Championship. This would the first championship since the dreadful events in the Mille Miglia, Italy just a fortnight ago, where Alfonso de Portago crashed killing himself, his co-driver and nine spectators.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [26, 26], "content_span": [27, 441]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074622-0001-0000", "contents": "1957 1000km of N\u00fcrburgring, Report, Entry\nA grand total 79 racing cars were registered for this event, of which 74 arrived for practice and qualifying. Fresh from their sad domination on the Mille Miglia, came two work teams of Scuderia Ferrari, and Officine Alfieri Maserati. The team from Maranello arrived with two cars, a Ferrari 335 S and a Ferrari 315 S. The former was to be driven by Peter Collins and Olivier Gendebien with the older car for Mike Hawthorn and Maurice Trintignant. In the Grand Touring class, one of the works driver, Wolfgang von Trips had an accident in the challenging Breidscheid section, following a change in a pedal layout in his Ferrari 250 GT. He was admitted to hospital with cuts and bruises and was unable to participate in the race.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [28, 41], "content_span": [42, 770]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074622-0002-0000", "contents": "1957 1000km of N\u00fcrburgring, Report, Entry\nTheir Modenese rivals, who were just 2 points behind Ferrari going into the meeting, arrived with three cars, two 450Ss, plus a 300s. Their stars drivers, included Juan Manuel Fangio and Stirling Moss. With Porsche KG send two car to chase one of the less classes, it was left the semi-works Jaguar D-Types from Ecurie Ecosse and David Brown\u2019s Aston Martin DBR1/300 to challenge the Italian marques.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [28, 41], "content_span": [42, 441]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074622-0003-0000", "contents": "1957 1000km of N\u00fcrburgring, Report, Qualifying\nQualifying was held over three sessions for a total of 1,590 minutes over the three days prior to the race. The Maserati 450S of Fangio took pole position, averaging a speed of 87.446\u00a0mph around the 14.173 mile circuit. The \u201953 and \u201856 pole winner was on pole yet again, having given everyone a lesson on how to drive the 174 corners of the \u2018Ring. When the session had finished, Maserati had secured the first two places. The Aston Martin of Tony Brooks, secured third ahead of the Scuderia Ferraris.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [28, 46], "content_span": [47, 547]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074622-0004-0000", "contents": "1957 1000km of N\u00fcrburgring, Report, Race\nThe day of the race would be warm and dry, but windy, with a crowd of approximately 120,000 in attendance. Although the Maserati 450S's had been expected to dominate, Brooks led from the start until passed by Moss after 8 laps who then led until on the 10th lap his 450S lost a rear wheel. The team then switched both Moss and Fangio into Harry Schell\u2019s car, leaving Hans Herrmann without a drive, but this car had an oil leak which caused it to make a premature stop and retire by lap 19. Francisco Godia-Sales then offered his older 300S to the works team, who placed both Moss and Fangio in the car and with him and his regular co-driver Horace Gould brought the car home in fifth place, securing Maserati two championship points.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [28, 40], "content_span": [41, 774]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074622-0005-0000", "contents": "1957 1000km of N\u00fcrburgring, Report, Race\nAs for victory in the race, this did not go to Scuderia Ferrari, as they were beaten by more than four minutes by the Aston Martin DBR1/300 of Brooks and No\u00ebl Cunningham-Reid who gained the marque their first points of the season and their first World Championship victory since the Tourist Trophy of 1953. The partnership, won in a time of 7hr 33:38.2 mins., averaging a speed of 82.485mph. The margin of triumph over the Ferrari of Collins/Gendebien was 4 min 13.7s, who were followed home by their team-mates Hawthorn/Trintignant who were a further 1 min 35.3s adrift.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [28, 40], "content_span": [41, 612]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074622-0005-0001", "contents": "1957 1000km of N\u00fcrburgring, Report, Race\nPorsche snatched fourth place with Umberto Maglioli/Edgar Barth, but their 550A RS finished almost 17 minutes adrift of the winners. The Aston\u2019s pace was so quick that it lapped even the fifth placed Maserati 300S of Moss/Fangio/Godia-Sales/Gould. The race did not end when Brooks crossed the finishing line, but continued for another hour to allow the other classes/division to try and complete the full 1000\u00a0km.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [28, 40], "content_span": [41, 454]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074622-0006-0000", "contents": "1957 1000km of N\u00fcrburgring, Standings after the race\nChampionship points were awarded for the first six places in each race in the order of 8-6-4-3-2-1. Manufacturers were only awarded points for their highest finishing car with no points awarded for positions filled by additional cars. Only the best 4 results out of the 6 races could be retained by each manufacturer. Points earned but not counted towards the championship totals are listed within brackets in the above table.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [28, 52], "content_span": [53, 479]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074623-0000-0000", "contents": "1957 12 Hours of Sebring\nThe 1957 12-Hour Florida International Grand Prix of Endurance for The Amoco Trophy took place on 23 March, on the Sebring International Raceway, (Florida, United States). It was the second round of the F.I.A. World Sports Car Championship. This was sixth running of the 12-hour race, and with the growing popularity of sports car racing in post World War II America, the event was finally coming into its own since its creation in 1952.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [24, 24], "content_span": [25, 462]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074623-0001-0000", "contents": "1957 12 Hours of Sebring\nBesides the governor of Florida, LeRoy Collins, who proclaimed March 18\u201323, 1957 as International Sports Car Race Week, thus gaining additional media attention for the event, the people of New York and Detroit were well aware of the significance of this race. For weeks leading up to the event, national newspapers and magazines who fed the public's interest by reporting on the international celebrities who would drive in it, like Marquis de Portago of Spain and Count Wolfgang von Trips of Germany.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [24, 24], "content_span": [25, 526]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074623-0002-0000", "contents": "1957 12 Hours of Sebring\nJust days before the race, the F\u00e9d\u00e9ration Internationale de l'Automobile issued an appendix to its rules concerning the race, mandating that during the first tyre change, the team had to use the spare tyre that all the cars were required to carry. While this did not affect the Corvette and some other cars, but for the Ferrari and Maserati, it was a major problem, as on their cars, the wheel on the front and rear of the cars were of different sizes.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [24, 24], "content_span": [25, 477]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074623-0002-0001", "contents": "1957 12 Hours of Sebring\nFerrari's Peter Collins, a representative from Maserati and the organiser, Alec Ulmann then met with the FIA to discuss this problem. Collins told the press that these changes were in violation of FIA's own rules concerning how such changes were adopted. Supposedly any rule changes had to be unanimously approved by all the competitors or it is rejected. It is assumed that this argument carried the day with the FIA, and the race saved. The even-vocal Collins also had a few words to say about the use of 55-gallon oil drums outlining the track. Despite the Englishman protested that their use was \"very, very dangerous...\" and that they should be \"banned\", Sebring continued to use them for several more years.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [24, 24], "content_span": [25, 738]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074623-0003-0000", "contents": "1957 12 Hours of Sebring, Report, Entry\nA massive total of 86 racing cars were registered for this event, of which 76 arrived for practice. Only these, 66 qualified for, and started the race. Of the several media stories circulating about this race was that Chevrolet Division of General Motors Company would challenge the European dominance by entering four Corvette sport cars. One of these would be a radically new car, the magnesium-alloy bodied Corvette SS, with its 4,638 c.c. engine complete with lightweight aluminum cylinder heads.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 39], "content_span": [40, 540]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074623-0003-0001", "contents": "1957 12 Hours of Sebring, Report, Entry\nIn addition to this elegant metallic-blue SS, there was an SS development mule, equipped with a standard Corvette engine and a plastic body. Despite looking shabby, it was very fast and in the days prior to the event, other race drivers were constantly asking Chevy competition director, Zora Arkus-Duntov for a chance to drive one of the SS's. He would only a selected few to drive one of these. After finishing practice in their Maseratis, both Juan Manuel Fangio and Stirling Moss were allowed by Duntov to take a courtesy run in the practice car. Within two laps, Fangio broke the course lap record.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 39], "content_span": [40, 643]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074623-0004-0000", "contents": "1957 12 Hours of Sebring, Report, Entry\nThe other story ahead of Sebring, was the defection of Fangio to Officine Alfieri Maserati from the Scuderia Ferrari. Fangio had won this event for Ferrari in 1956. In their attempt to lure Fangio from Ferrari, Maserati offered to supply him with no less than six brand new race cars for testing. He picked a 450S for the race, which he eventually drove to victory at Sebring. Meanwhile, back at Maranello, the burden for winning for Ferrari at Sebring fell on the shoulders of Eugenio Castellotti, who partnered Fangio in 1956. However, on 14 March, Castellotti was testing a Formula One Ferrari at the Aerautodromo di Modena when he was crashed heavily, dying instantly from his injuries.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 39], "content_span": [40, 730]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074623-0005-0000", "contents": "1957 12 Hours of Sebring, Report, Entry\nPrior to the race, a small crowd of photographers was snapping away at the Renault Company pits. It seemed that Gilberte Thirion and Nad\u00e8ge Ferrier, who were scheduled to drive an 845cc Renault Dauphine, were posing for the press, while only few photographers were seen elsewhere down the pit lane. Perhaps, the likes of Fangio and Collins, were not as pretty as these female drivers.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 39], "content_span": [40, 424]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074623-0006-0000", "contents": "1957 12 Hours of Sebring, Report, Entry\nMeanwhile, Lotus Cars had brought four Lotus Elevens over from Norfolk. Their designer and founder, Colin Chapman had an innovative way of financing the works team effort at Sebring. All four entries were pre-sold to American customers. If you purchased an Eleven, you got to drive it in the race, but you couldn't take possession of the car until after the race. Therefore, during the race it was a Factory Lotus, however afterwards, the car was yours, or what's left of it was yours.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 39], "content_span": [40, 525]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074623-0007-0000", "contents": "1957 12 Hours of Sebring, Report, Qualifying\nBecause they was no qualifying sessions to set the grid, the starting positions were decided according to engine size with the 4.6 litre Corvette of John Fitch and Piero Taruffi in first place. Next was another Lindsay Hopkins entered Corvette of Paul O\u2019Shea and Pete Lovely. In fact Corvette's held the first four places. Next in line were the two 450S Maseratis, followed by a half dozen Jaguar D-types.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 44], "content_span": [45, 450]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074623-0008-0000", "contents": "1957 12 Hours of Sebring, Report, Race\nCollins, in a Ferrari 315 S was the first away with Moss not far behind, but the engine in Moss's Maserati 300S sputtered for a brief moment, handing Collins a commanding lead. The rest of the field followed with the small Dauphines bringing up the rear. By the end of lap one, Collins was already ten seconds clear of Moss, with the Maserati 450S of Behra not far behind.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 38], "content_span": [39, 411]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074623-0009-0000", "contents": "1957 12 Hours of Sebring, Report, Race\nWithin the first 60 minutes, the new Corvette SS began to experience brake troubles and pitted to have these checked, while there also changed their tyres. The Briggs Cunningham Jaguar D-Type, driven by Bill Lloyd was the first the retire with engine problems, as Collins continued to lead with Behra now in second, just a few seconds down on Collins. Moss was now running in third, with Portago fourth in his Ferrari 315 S. Masten Gregory and Phil Hill rounded out the top six, in their Ferraris.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 38], "content_span": [39, 536]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074623-0009-0001", "contents": "1957 12 Hours of Sebring, Report, Race\nAs the cars moved into the second hour, the heat started to take its toll on both the cars and the drivers alike. The Maserati 150S of Lloyd Ruby blew its engine and retires. Behra moved into the lead, now ahead of Collins by over a minute at the two-hour mark, with Portago, Moss, and Gregory completed the top five.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 38], "content_span": [39, 356]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074623-0010-0000", "contents": "1957 12 Hours of Sebring, Report, Race\nDuring the third hour tragedy struck, when Bob Goldich, driving an Arnolt Bolide, crashed at the Esses, flipped his car several times. He died instantly of a fractured skull and broken neck. When news of Goldich's death reached Stanley Arnolt, he withdrew the rest of his team. This marked the first death of a driver in the history of the Sebring race.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 38], "content_span": [39, 392]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074623-0011-0000", "contents": "1957 12 Hours of Sebring, Report, Race\nAt 13:15 Behra pitted and handed to 450S over to Fangio. During his spell, Behra had broken the lap record several times, and at this point, had a fairly large lead over teammate Moss. The Ferraris of Collins and Portago were third and fourth with Carroll Shelby now in fifth in a Maserati.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 38], "content_span": [39, 329]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074623-0012-0000", "contents": "1957 12 Hours of Sebring, Report, Race\nBy 15:00, the Corvette SS was listed amongst the retirements. Word from the pit lane, was that persistent overheating problems led to the withdrawal, although the official classifications show the cause to be failed rear suspension. Fangio was still leading and Moss finally decided to hand his car over to his co-driver, Harry Schell. At 15:19, Portago brought his Ferrari with serious brake trouble. The mechanics couldn't seem to remedy the problem and let the car back onto the track with Luigi Musso behind the wheel. Portago reported that the car had \"no brakes\". By the end of the hour, Mike Hawthorn brought his Jaguar D-Type for a brake change.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 38], "content_span": [39, 692]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074623-0013-0000", "contents": "1957 12 Hours of Sebring, Report, Race\nAt the half-way point, Maserati Factory team had Fangio leading the race, but a major mistake by the team, led to a disqualification. It seemed that Fangio and Shelby were running low on fuel. Shelby brought his 250S and had begun refuelling when he was told to get back on the track because Fangio was due in. After Fangio was serviced and cleared the pits, Shelby returned to the pits for the remainder of his fuel, but was immediately disqualified. There was a FIA rule, that stated you had to drive at least 20 laps before you can come in for more fuel, and the Maserati team had forgotten  this rule.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 38], "content_span": [39, 644]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074623-0014-0000", "contents": "1957 12 Hours of Sebring, Report, Race\nAfter 10 hours of racing, Fangio was still leading with Hawthorn, Portago and Schell following. That order hadn't changed in over an hour. The Ferrari of Portago had to pit because of a problem with his fuel pump, which cost him 30 minutes. Moss continued to gain on the leaders. By 21:00, Fangio was still at the wheel of his car and was now four laps ahead. Because of pit stops and driver changes Moss was now in second with Hawthorn dropping to third, Gregory fourth and Walt Hansgen now in fifth. In the factory Ferrari, Collins was way off the pace due to failing brakes. The small but reliable Porsche 550s were now in 8th, 9th and 10th position.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 38], "content_span": [39, 692]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074623-0015-0000", "contents": "1957 12 Hours of Sebring, Report, Race\nWith just 30 minutes to go, there was some commotion in the Maserati pits. It seemed that during the scheduled final pit stop a mechanic had spilled a large quantity of fuel on Fangio's seat. In typical Italian fashion there was a lot of yelling and hand gestures, meanwhile, the team manager went off to find a replacement seat. They found one and Fangio returned to the race with his lead reduced. With less than half-hour to go and everyone in the Maserati pits was holding his breath.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 38], "content_span": [39, 527]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074623-0016-0000", "contents": "1957 12 Hours of Sebring, Report, Race\nAt 10 p.m. fireworks appeared over the track. This signalled the end of the race and a tremendous victory for Maserati. Coming home in first were Fangio and Behra at the wheel of their Maserati 450S with the Moss/Schell Maserati 300S in second, having reduced the lead down to just two laps. The podium was complete by the Jaguar D-Type of Hawthorn, co-driven by Ivor Bueb, the English pairing salvaging some honour for the Coventry marque. In fourth, Gregory and Lou Brero, who had earlier collapse due to heat exhaustion, were the first Ferrari to finish.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 38], "content_span": [39, 596]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074623-0016-0001", "contents": "1957 12 Hours of Sebring, Report, Race\nHansgen and Russ Boss were fifth in a Cunningham Jaguar D-Type, Collins and Maurice Trintignant were sixth in the first of the factory Ferrari 315 S, Portago and Luigi Musso were seventh in the other factory Ferrari 315 S, Art Bunker and Charles Wallace were eighth in a Porsche 550 RS, Jean Pierre Kunstle and Ken Miles were ninth in another Porsche 550 RS. Howard Hively and Richie Ginther rounded out the top ten in their Ferrari 500 TRC. Bunker and Wallace also came away with a first in the Index of Performance which rated cars according to performance.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 38], "content_span": [39, 598]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074623-0017-0000", "contents": "1957 12 Hours of Sebring, Report, Race\nIt was later revealed that Fangio had to get medical attention for painful burn blisters, from his waist down to his knees on his right side. It seems that the insulation that surrounded the exhaust pipes, which ran along the driver's side of the car, had worn away, leaving Fangio's lower body exposed to very, hot temperatures.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 38], "content_span": [39, 368]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074623-0018-0000", "contents": "1957 12 Hours of Sebring, Standings after the race\nChampionship points were awarded for the first six places in each race in the order of 8-6-4-3-2-1. Manufacturers were only awarded points for their highest finishing car with no points awarded for positions filled by additional cars. Only the best 4 results out of the 7 races could be retained by each manufacturer. Points earned but not counted towards the championship totals are listed within brackets in the above table.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 50], "content_span": [51, 477]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074624-0000-0000", "contents": "1957 24 Hours of Le Mans\nThe 1957 24 Hours of Le Mans was the 25th running of the 24 Hours of Le Mans, Grand Prix of Endurance, and took place on 22 and 23 June 1957, on the Circuit de la Sarthe. It was also the fifth round of the F.I.A. World Sports Car Championship. Some 250,000 spectators had gathered for Europe's classic sports car race, around an 8.38-mile course. The prospect of an exciting duel between Ferrari, Maserati, Jaguar, Aston Martin and Porsche was enough to draw large crowds to the 24 Hours race, now back at its usual date and reintegrated into the World Championship.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [24, 24], "content_span": [25, 591]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074624-0001-0000", "contents": "1957 24 Hours of Le Mans\nNever before had a single nation swept the board so completely as Britain did in 1957. The great success of the Jaguars in taking the first four and sixth places became all the more significant when it is considered that all of the cars were privately entered (albeit with some factory support), and matched against the works entries of some of the greatest sport car manufacturers.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [24, 24], "content_span": [25, 407]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074624-0002-0000", "contents": "1957 24 Hours of Le Mans, Regulations\nAfter the major changes in the previous year, the ACO relented on its engine-size limitation \u2013 prototypes were again an open limit. They did, however, address body-shape requirements: the token second seat. Cars now had to have at least two doors and both seats had to be the same size, in a cockpit a minimum 1.2m wide. The minimum windscreen height was reduced from 20 to 15\u00a0cm, maximum fuel-tank size was 120 litres, and the total fuel usage restrictions were removed a year after they were imposed. One of the oldest regulations was removed \u2013 of having to carry all spares and tools on the car, allowing them to be left in the pits.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 37], "content_span": [38, 674]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074624-0003-0000", "contents": "1957 24 Hours of Le Mans, Regulations\nThis all re-aligned with the FIA/CSI, who themselves issued a major new Appendix C to the Sports Car regulations based closely on the 1956 ACO regulations. Therefore, the Le Mans race was drafted back into the World Sportscar Championship.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 37], "content_span": [38, 277]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074624-0004-0000", "contents": "1957 24 Hours of Le Mans, Regulations\nThe number of starters was fixed at 55. The maximum drive time stayed at 14 hours, but drivers were now limited to a maximum single stint of 36 laps, down from the previous year's 72 laps. The interval between refuelling was reduced for the first time, down to 30 laps from 34 laps. This year, for the Index of Performance, the target distances for nominal engine sizes were set as follows (according to a specific formula):", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 37], "content_span": [38, 462]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074624-0005-0000", "contents": "1957 24 Hours of Le Mans, Regulations\nThe Hors Course rule was revised: there would be systematic disqualification after every 6 hours (rather than previous 12 hours) of cars that had fallen more than 20% below its nominal Index of Performance at that time. Finally, the ACO formalised a ban on female drivers, after the death of Annie Bousquet in the 1956 12 Hours of Reims", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 37], "content_span": [38, 374]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074624-0006-0000", "contents": "1957 24 Hours of Le Mans, Entries\nA total of 82 racing cars were registered for this event, of which 58 were allowed to practice, trying to qualify for the 55 starting places for the race. The big talking point with the entry list was the non-appearance of the works Jaguar team, which had retired from racing at the end of the previous year; and the arrival in force of Maserati in the top class.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 33], "content_span": [34, 397]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074624-0007-0000", "contents": "1957 24 Hours of Le Mans, Entries\nIn the absence of the works team, the defending champions put their support behind their customer teams. Ex-works driver Duncan Hamilton and Ecurie Ecosse both had one of the experimental fuel-injected 3.8L-engined cars, capable of nearly 300\u00a0bhp. Ecurie Ecosse also ran the 3.4L car that Paul Fr\u00e8re had crashed early in the previous year's race (and arriving still in its British Racing Green straight from the Jaguar factory). Fr\u00e8re himself was racing for his native Equipe Nationale Belge using the same car the team had finished 4th in 1956. Finally there was the car for French industrial diamond-manufacturer privateer Jean Brussin (racing under the pseudonym \u201cMary\u201d) in conjunction with the Lyon-based Los Amigos racing team.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 33], "content_span": [34, 766]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074624-0008-0000", "contents": "1957 24 Hours of Le Mans, Entries\nAston Martin, now managed by Reg Parnell as John Wyer had moved up to be general manager, brought three works cars: their new DBR2, as well as two DBR1/300s with uprated 3.0L engines generating 245\u00a0bhp. Their regular drivers Roy Salvadori and Tony Brooks were paired with new team-members Les Leston and No\u00ebl Cunningham-Reid respectively. The one-off DBR2 used the defunct Lagonda P166 frame fitted with the 3.7L engine of the new DB4 road-car (producing 290\u00a0bhp) and given to the Whitehead brothers.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 33], "content_span": [34, 534]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074624-0008-0001", "contents": "1957 24 Hours of Le Mans, Entries\nThe team had good reason to be confident for outright honours, after Brooks and Cunningham-Reid raced to victory over the Italians in their DBR1/300 at the most recent round of the championship: the 1000km of N\u00fcrburgring. There was also an older DB3S entered for two French gentleman-drivers filled a vacant fourth works entry.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 33], "content_span": [34, 361]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074624-0009-0000", "contents": "1957 24 Hours of Le Mans, Entries\nFerrari arrived, it hoped, with an overwhelming force of ten cars. The works team had two of their mighty new Type 335 S, with its big 4.0L V12 engine (capable of 390 PS) for their grand prix drivers: Mike Hawthorn / Luigi Musso and Peter Collins / Phil Hill - their driver ranks were sadly depleted after the deaths, earlier in the year, of works drivers Eugenio Castellotti and then Alfonso de Portago (in an accident that led to the end of the iconic Mille Miglia).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 33], "content_span": [34, 502]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074624-0009-0001", "contents": "1957 24 Hours of Le Mans, Entries\nThe team also ran a pair of Type 250 TR prototypes testing for the upcoming CSI regulations changes. One with a 3.0L V12 for Ferrari test-driver Martino Severi and Stuart Lewis-Evans, and the other with a 3.1L V12 for Maurice Trintignant and Olivier Gendebien, who had been Ferrari's best performers in the previous year's race, finishing 4th. There were also a pair of privately entered 3.5L 290 MM and three 2.0L Testarossas (including Equipe Nationale Belge running a Jaguar, Ferrari and a Porsche to hedge their bets).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 33], "content_span": [34, 556]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074624-0010-0000", "contents": "1957 24 Hours of Le Mans, Entries\nMaserati also turned up with confidence this year: Stirling Moss was now a Maserati works driver, and was to drive the coup\u00e9 version (designed by Vanwall\u2019s Frank Costin) of the 450S with French-American Harry Schell, while the spyder version was run by Jean Behra / Andr\u00e9 Simon. Its 4.5L V8 developed 420\u00a0bhp (being the biggest engine in this year\u2019s race) although the cars still used big, obsolete drum brakes. Along with these were a 3.0L car and a pair of smaller 2.0L cars. Juan Manuel Fangio (who had won at Sebring with Behra in a 450 spyder) was present in the pit, as a \u2018reserve driver\u2019 to put concern in the opposition teams.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 33], "content_span": [34, 668]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074624-0011-0000", "contents": "1957 24 Hours of Le Mans, Entries\nFrance, now a fading force in the major categories was only represented by a pair of Talbot-Maseratis for the Ecurie Dubonnet team and two works Gordinis (as usual, split between the S-3000 and S-2000 classes). As it turned out, this was to be the last appearance from these stalwart supporters of the race.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 33], "content_span": [34, 341]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074624-0012-0000", "contents": "1957 24 Hours of Le Mans, Entries\nAlthough Bristol was no longer running, its 2.0L engine was used by Frazer Nash and debutante AC Cars to take on the five medium-engined privateer Ferraris and Maseratis in the S-2000 class. Without Lotus present, the six Porsches had the S-1500 class to themselves. The works team brought a pair of 550As as well as one of the new 718 RSK for Umberto Maglioli and East German Edgar Barth. The other three were Belgian, French and American private entrants.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 33], "content_span": [34, 491]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074624-0013-0000", "contents": "1957 24 Hours of Le Mans, Entries\nThe British instead pushed into the S-1100 class with the FWA-Climax engine powering the Lotus (after a class win at Sebring), Cooper and Arnott cars. They were up against a Stanguellini stepping up a class, and a 1-off appearance from Germany of an unusual, plastic DKW using its 3-cylinder 2-stroke motorcycle engine (developing less than 50\u00a0bhp! ).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 33], "content_span": [34, 385]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074624-0014-0000", "contents": "1957 24 Hours of Le Mans, Entries\nThe smallest, S-750, class was the usual assortment of French and Italian cars except for a lone Lotus muddying the waters. Colin Chapman had convinced Coventry Climax to develop a short-stroke version of its successful FWA engine (generating 75\u00a0bhp) to take on the French in the lucrative Index of Performance (the handicap system which measured cars exceeding their specified target distance by the greatest ratio). Lotus works driver Cliff Allison, and Keith Hall, were its drivers. Lucky to reach scrutineering in time, it was presented with no exhaust and without having the engine been run.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 33], "content_span": [34, 630]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074624-0015-0000", "contents": "1957 24 Hours of Le Mans, Practice and Pre-Race\nA number of events were held over the race weekend to celebrate the Golden Jubilee of the ACO \u2013 postponed as they were from the previous year after the 1955 disaster. Seventy classic French cars from the very earliest years of the organisation, with drivers in period costume, did demonstration laps of the circuit in a \u2018Race of Regularity\u2019 \u2013 the winning 1908 Roland-Pillain recorded doing over 50\u00a0mph along the Mulsanne straight . This year also saw a demonstration lap performed by the first turbine car \u2013 a Renault L\u2019Etoile Filante.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 47], "content_span": [48, 583]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074624-0016-0000", "contents": "1957 24 Hours of Le Mans, Practice and Pre-Race\nThe big Italian cars set the first sub-4 minute laps in practice: Mike Hawthorn in the Ferrari, then Fangio driving Behra's Maserati spyder \u2013 his 3.58:1 being the fastest single lap of the decade. Moss had a major moment when the special new large brakes on his car locked coming up to Mulsanne corner at top speed. Getting back to the pits he got the regular brakes fitted instead. Meanwhile, the works Ferraris were fitted with experimental pistons and one of the works prototype Testarossas suffered piston failure before it could get to do any laps. It was scratched when other cars started getting similar problems and time ran out to make repairs. Severi & Lewis-Evans were allowed to change to the Type 315 S that had won that fateful Mille Miglia. It was a harbinger for bad problems to come.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 47], "content_span": [48, 848]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074624-0017-0000", "contents": "1957 24 Hours of Le Mans, Practice and Pre-Race\nThe lead Ecosse Jaguar had developed a misfire in practice. After the crew fixed it, Murray took it out onto public roads to test it at 4am on race-day morning. Winding it up to its 178\u00a0mph top speed he was lucky not to be held by the gendarmerie. The Whitehead brothers found their new Aston Martin DBR2 was very quick, but deliberately eased off in practice in case team manager Reg Parnell bumped them from the car for his other drivers. In Friday practice, one of the Talbots had terminal issues and had to be scratched.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 47], "content_span": [48, 572]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074624-0017-0001", "contents": "1957 24 Hours of Le Mans, Practice and Pre-Race\nIt was also soon apparent that the little French cars would have a fight on their hands this year, as the small Lotus-Climax was proving to be very quick \u2013 almost 25 seconds per lap quicker. Chapman's own 1475cc Lotus had practiced faster than the Porsches in its class (and breaking the S-1500 lap record), but dropped a valve and had to be withdrawn. His American co-drivers, Herbert MacKay-Fraser and Jay Chamberlain (Lotus\u2019 agent in California) were substituted into the team's S-1100 reserve entry. This left the S-1500 class the sole preserve of Porsche.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 47], "content_span": [48, 608]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074624-0018-0000", "contents": "1957 24 Hours of Le Mans, Race, Start\nDespite the poor weather leading up to race day, it began cloudy and humidly muggy. By the 4\u00a0pm start, the crowd was around 250,000. The usually quick and nimble Moss was slowed trying to squeeze into his cramped Maserati coup\u00e9 so the first car to clear the startline was the Ferrari of Peter Collins, leaving a long trail of rubber, followed by the three Aston Martins.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 37], "content_span": [38, 408]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074624-0018-0001", "contents": "1957 24 Hours of Le Mans, Race, Start\nUnfortunately, the final appearance of Talbot was rather ignominious: its transmission broke as it left its start-box and it only went a handful of metres giving its driver, Bruce Halford the shortest debut on record. At the end of the first lap, Collins was in the lead (already on lap-record pace, from a standing start), followed by Brooks, Hawthorn, Gendebien and Salvadori fifth. But on the second lap Collins dropped back to tenth with engine trouble, pitting at the end of the next lap to retire with a seized piston. The Ferrari of Hawthorn had taken over the lead, hounded by the Maseratis of Moss, then Behra, at a blistering pace.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 37], "content_span": [38, 679]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074624-0019-0000", "contents": "1957 24 Hours of Le Mans, Race, Start\nAt the end of the first hour and 14 laps, Hawthorn had a 40-second lead over the Maseratis of Behra and Moss, then Gendebien, Bueb's Ecosse Jaguar and Brooks in the Aston Martin. The other Jaguars were biding their time, running just in the top-10. Soon enough, trouble struck more of the Italian cars: Moss\u2019 Maserati began to smoke ominously and heavily, and after 26 laps, just before the two-hour mark, Hawthorn came into the pits to change tyres. The task of inserting the new spare into the Ferrari's tail took considerably longer than to change the wheel.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 37], "content_span": [38, 599]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074624-0019-0001", "contents": "1957 24 Hours of Le Mans, Race, Start\nDesperate to get back into the race, he leapt into the car \u2013 to be ordered out again smartly by a marshal. In the meantime, Behra took over the lead, and Hawthorn finally re-joined back in fifth place. In trying to catch the lead pack, Hawthorn set a new lap record with the first two sub-4 minute laps. Around 30 laps the regular pitstops and driver-changes started.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 37], "content_span": [38, 405]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074624-0019-0002", "contents": "1957 24 Hours of Le Mans, Race, Start\nThe Moss Maserati, now in the hands of Harry Schell after a long pit stop costing a dozen laps, was soon to retire with rear axle trouble, just four laps after a similar issue cost their teammates Behra/Simon - forced to retire when it caused Simon to have an accident on his opening lap from the pits, splitting the fuel tank. Hawthorn refueled and handed the Ferrari over to Musso to start moving back up the field.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 37], "content_span": [38, 455]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074624-0020-0000", "contents": "1957 24 Hours of Le Mans, Race, Start\nThis attrition of the Italian challengers, combined with a very rapid fuel stop, moved the Ecurie Ecosse car of Flockhart/Bueb into the lead at the start of the third hour \u2013 a lead they would not relinquish. In the fourth hour, Musso, having fought back up to second place, was hobbled by another seized piston destroying his engine out on the Mulsanne straight just before dusk. With the Severi/Lewis-Evans Ferrari held back with braking problems, this left the Gendebien/Trintignant car as the sole challenger from Maranello, who took over second place from their teammates.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 37], "content_span": [38, 614]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074624-0021-0000", "contents": "1957 24 Hours of Le Mans, Race, Start\nAnother casualty in the fourth hour was the second Gordini \u2013 the first having only lasted 3 laps \u2013 when it pulled into the pits with terminal engine issues. With dwindling funds, this was to be a disappointing end to Amedee Gordini\u2019s long association with Le Mans.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 37], "content_span": [38, 302]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074624-0022-0000", "contents": "1957 24 Hours of Le Mans, Race, Start\nBy 9\u00a0pm, when the majority of the second fuel stops had been completed, the Ecosse Jaguar still led the race, now with Bueb back behind the wheel; Brooks, back in the Aston Martin, held second place, Gendebien in third, Masten Gregory, in Hamilton\u2019s Jaguar was fourth with the second Ecurie Ecosse Jaguar running fifth being chased by the Severi/Lewis-Evans Ferrari making up for lost time. The works Porsches were scrapping amongst themselves, just out of the top-10, for the lead in the S-1500 and well ahead of the Belgian Testarossa leading the S-2000 class.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 37], "content_span": [38, 600]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074624-0023-0000", "contents": "1957 24 Hours of Le Mans, Race, Night\nJust before 10:30\u00a0pm, the Whitehead brothers had to retire the big Aston Martin out of the top-10 when its gearbox finally broke. When the Scarlatti/Bonnier Maserati retired with clutch failure, the works team had finished its dismal race after only 6 hours. Soon after midnight Gendebien retired out of third with a holed crankcase and yet another piston failure, leaving Ferrari\u2019s fortunes barely any better. Salvadori retired around 2am, when the gearbox of his Aston Martin finally broke, after he had been running with only 4th gear for most of his stint.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 37], "content_span": [38, 598]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074624-0023-0001", "contents": "1957 24 Hours of Le Mans, Race, Night\nMeanwhile, the remaining Aston Martin was still lying second to Bueb\u2019s D-Type. When Brooks took over he was four minutes behind Bueb; two hours later, he was only two minutes adrift when his gearbox also left him with only 4th gear and he started dropping back. Then at 1.50am came the most serious accident of the race: Brooks\u2019 Aston Martin, now trailing by two laps and still stuck in 4th gear, was coming out of Tertre Rouge when he lost control, hit the bank and rolled.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 37], "content_span": [38, 512]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074624-0023-0002", "contents": "1957 24 Hours of Le Mans, Race, Night\nHe was then hit by Maglioli closely following in the Porsche 718, which had been comfortably leading the S-2000 class and running 7th overall. Brooks was taken to hospital with severe cuts and bruises. This left Jaguar sitting 1-2-3-4: Ecurie Ecosse, leading from Equipe Nationale Belge, then the second Ecosse and the Los Amigos cars. Lewis-Evans, battling failing brakes, had the last works Ferrari back in 5th.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 37], "content_span": [38, 451]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074624-0024-0000", "contents": "1957 24 Hours of Le Mans, Race, Night\nMissing from the list was Hamilton's Jaguar that had been delayed around midnight by a burnt-through exhaust pipe which was filling the cockpit with fumes and overheating the fuel lines and burning a hole in the cockpit-floor. When Hamilton pitted, the exhaust system was welded up and the hole repaired with a plate of steel cut out of an unattended gendarmerie wagon by the \u201centerprising\u201d pit-crew! The car returned to the race in 11th and set about a hard race to make up time. Meanwhile, the Lotus in the S-750 class held a comfortable margin in the Index of Performance over the OSCA, with Mackay-Fraser's Lotus and Chancel's Panhard, the best of the little French cars, battling for third.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 37], "content_span": [38, 733]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074624-0025-0000", "contents": "1957 24 Hours of Le Mans, Race, Night\nBy half-distance, the order at the top had stabilised (the leader having done 165 laps), but with the attrition of the front-runners more of the smaller cars were coming up into the top-10. With the demise of Maglioli, it was now the works Porsche of Storez/Crawford that was running a very creditable 6th having done 152 laps. The big American Ferrari of George Arents was now 7th (147 laps) then 3 laps back to the Belgian Ferrari of Bianchi/Harris in 8th, leading the S-2000 category.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 37], "content_span": [38, 525]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074624-0025-0001", "contents": "1957 24 Hours of Le Mans, Race, Night\nIn 9th was the little Lotus of Mackay-Fraser/Chamberlain, doing a mighty job leading the S-1100 class, on 141 laps and a lap back was the new AC Ace (virtually a shop-standard car) running very consistently. The little DKW stopped near the pits but the driver was able to run down, pick up a fuel pump and go back and fit it himself to get back into the race.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 37], "content_span": [38, 397]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074624-0026-0000", "contents": "1957 24 Hours of Le Mans, Race, Morning\nBy 5:30\u00a0am, as dawn broke the overnight mist changed to a heavy fog covering the circuit (the only bad weather of the weekend). Although at times the visibility forced drivers to slow to 50\u00a0km/h this did not dramatically affect the lap times of the Jaguars. From this point on it became a real test of endurance \u2013 with almost half the field retired or barely running. An hour later, and the lead Jaguar completed its 200th lap and holding a comfortable 5-lap lead over the field.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 39], "content_span": [40, 519]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074624-0026-0001", "contents": "1957 24 Hours of Le Mans, Race, Morning\nAt 6:55\u00a0am, \u201cFreddy\u201d Rousselle, in the Belgian Jaguar running second came to a halt at Mulsanne for nearly an hour with ignition trouble. He eventually got the car moving again and got back to the pits and later rejoined down in sixth place putting in very rapid times to haul back the leaders. By 10am, they were back up to 4th.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 39], "content_span": [40, 369]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074624-0027-0000", "contents": "1957 24 Hours of Le Mans, Race, Morning\nAlthough other classes had been hit by retirements, the S-2000 was still very close \u2013 the Bianchi Ferrari, running 8th overall, was still leading the class ahead of Rudd's AC, Tavano's Ferrari, Dickie Stoop's well-travelled Fraser-Nash and Guyot's Maserati. In the Index of Performance, the small Lotus still had a comfortable lead, now ahead of their bigger brother running second and the works Porsche in third. Overnight the OSCA had hit troubles and slipped back.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 39], "content_span": [40, 507]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074624-0028-0000", "contents": "1957 24 Hours of Le Mans, Race, Morning\nAt three-quarter time (10am), as the fog finally lifted, the order was staying very static \u2013 the four Jaguars holding the top places over a 16-lap spread. The leader had a comfortable 7-lap advantage over its teammate running second and the others about four laps apart from each other. The Ferrari and Porsche were both on the same lap and chasing the Belgian Jaguar two laps ahead of them.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 39], "content_span": [40, 431]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074624-0029-0000", "contents": "1957 24 Hours of Le Mans, Race, Finish and post-race\nIn the last hour the leading Porsche, which had been running as high as 5th, ran out of fuel near Maison Blanche. Storez pushed it back to the pit-entrance, but could not refuel (being inside its 30-lap window) and it could never be pushed around the track again meaning they could not complete the final lap in the required 30 minutes to be classified. In contrast, the little Stanguellini came into the pits stuck in top gear.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 52], "content_span": [53, 481]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074624-0029-0001", "contents": "1957 24 Hours of Le Mans, Race, Finish and post-race\nUnable to restart and not allowed an assisted start from the pit-crew, the driver set about pushing the car himself: half a mile to the top of the Dunlop hill, to the great cheers of support from the crowd. Half an hour later, he was able to bump-start the car on the downhill, still stuck in top-gear, and went on to take the last finishing position.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 52], "content_span": [53, 404]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074624-0030-0000", "contents": "1957 24 Hours of Le Mans, Race, Finish and post-race\nBut otherwise the leaderboard remained unchanged. At 4:00pm, the chequered flag fell and for the second year in succession, in a formation finish with his teammate, Flockhart brought a dark blue Ecurie Ecosse Jaguar D-Type first past the finish line. The winners were never challenged in a trouble-free run, except for one unscheduled stop to change a light bulb. In fact, the car spent only 13 minutes and 9 seconds on pit lane during the 24 hours! The margin of triumph over the Jaguar of Lawrence/Sanderson was eight laps.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 52], "content_span": [53, 578]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074624-0031-0000", "contents": "1957 24 Hours of Le Mans, Race, Finish and post-race\nAs well as being the Ecurie Ecosse team's finest hour, it was also Jaguar's greatest triumph finishing a fine 1-2-3-4-6. Third home was the local Equipe Los Amigos Jaguar of Lucas/\u201dMary\u201d who were two laps adrift. After their delays in the morning, Rousselle/Fr\u00e8re brought their Equipe Nationale Belge Jaguar home in fourth, 17 laps behind the winners. The Lewis-Evans Ferrari held on to fifth place ahead of the hard-charging Hamilton Jaguar just one lap behind. Hamilton's D-Type was the only one to hit serious trouble when he and Gregory had lost two hours due to electrical and exhaust problems the night before.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 52], "content_span": [53, 669]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074624-0032-0000", "contents": "1957 24 Hours of Le Mans, Race, Finish and post-race\nIn the other classes, it was the privateers that saved the blushes of the works teams \u2013 the older French Aston Martin won the S-3000 class by finishing 11th. After the late demise of the Storez Porsche, it was the American Porsche coming 8th who were the sole finisher in the S-1500 keeping up Porsche's class-win tradition. Likewise, the Ferrari Testarossa of Ecurie Nationale Belge finishing 7th, won the S-2000 class by 7 laps from the AC Ace and also ahead of the S-1500s whom it had been outperformed by for almost the whole race.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 52], "content_span": [53, 588]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074624-0033-0000", "contents": "1957 24 Hours of Le Mans, Race, Finish and post-race\nAlthough the public glamour was associated with those that took the outright victory, the performance of the Lotus marque should not be overlooked. Four cars entered, four finished, including the little 750cc version which finished 14th and beat their French opposition to win the Index of Performance. The seal on the British success was set by the Mackay-Frazer/Chamberlain Lotus \u2013 winning the S-1100 class by a huge distance (26 laps) over its teammates, winning the Biennial Cup and 2nd on Index.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 52], "content_span": [53, 553]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074624-0034-0000", "contents": "1957 24 Hours of Le Mans, Race, Finish and post-race\nThe good weather meant the winning car set a new race distance record, exceeding the previous record set in 1955 by 138\u00a0mi (222\u00a0km). Before his retirement, Mike Hawthorn put in a new lap record in his Ferrari. A special award was made to Roger Masson who had pushed his Lotus single-handedly for four miles, taking over an hour to get back to the pits after running out of petrol on the Mulsanne straight in the early hours of the race. It was refuelled and they went on to finish 16th.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 52], "content_span": [53, 539]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074624-0035-0000", "contents": "1957 24 Hours of Le Mans, Race, Finish and post-race\nAs well as being the only entry for Arnott and DKW, the 1957 race was to be the last appearance for French stalwarts Talbot and Gordini \u2013 none of the cars from these manufacturers made it to the end.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 52], "content_span": [53, 252]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074624-0036-0000", "contents": "1957 24 Hours of Le Mans, Official results\nResults taken from Quentin Spurring's book, officially licensed by the ACOClass Winners are in Bold text.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 42], "content_span": [43, 148]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074624-0037-0000", "contents": "1957 24 Hours of Le Mans, Statistics\nTaken from Quentin Spurring's book, officially licensed by the ACO", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 36], "content_span": [37, 103]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074625-0000-0000", "contents": "1957 A Group\nStatistics of Bulgarian A Football Group in the 1957 season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 12], "section_span": [12, 12], "content_span": [13, 73]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074625-0001-0000", "contents": "1957 A Group, Overview\nIt was contested by 12 teams, and CSKA Sofia won the championship.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 12], "section_span": [14, 22], "content_span": [23, 89]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074626-0000-0000", "contents": "1957 ACC Men's Basketball Tournament\nThe 1957 Atlantic Coast Conference Men's Basketball Tournament was held in Raleigh, North Carolina, at Reynolds Coliseum from March 7\u20139, 1957. North Carolina defeated South Carolina, 95\u201375, to win the championship. Lennie Rosenbluth of North Carolina was named tournament MVP.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [36, 36], "content_span": [37, 313]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074627-0000-0000", "contents": "1957 Abant earthquake\nThe 1957 Abant earthquake occurred at 8:33am on 26 May, in Turkey. The earthquake had an estimated surface wave magnitude of 7.1 and a maximum felt intensity of IX (Violent) on the Mercalli intensity scale, causing 52 fatalities and 101 injuries. 5,000 houses were damaged as a result of the earthquake.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [21, 21], "content_span": [22, 325]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074629-0000-0000", "contents": "1957 African Cup of Nations\nThe 1957 African Cup of Nations was the first edition of the Africa Cup of Nations, the football championship of Africa (CAF). Hosted by Sudan, participating teams were Egypt, Sudan, and Ethiopia.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [27, 27], "content_span": [28, 224]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074629-0001-0000", "contents": "1957 African Cup of Nations, Overview\nSouth Africa was due to play Ethiopia in the semi-finals, but were disqualified due to apartheid. Ethiopia therefore had a bye to the final, whilst in the other semi-final at Municipal Stadium in Khartoum, the Egyptians beat the host nation 2\u20131. In the final, Egypt beat Ethiopia 4\u22120, with all four goals scored by El-Diba, who finished the tournament as top scorer with five goals. Only two games were played in this first edition.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 37], "content_span": [38, 470]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074630-0000-0000", "contents": "1957 African Cup of Nations Final\nThe 1957 Africa Cup of Nations Final was a football match that took place on 16 February 1957 at the Municipal Stadium in Khartoum, Sudan, to determine the winner of the 1957 Africa Cup of Nations, the football championship of Africa organized by the Confederation of African Football (CAF).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [33, 33], "content_span": [34, 325]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074630-0001-0000", "contents": "1957 African Cup of Nations Final\nEgypt beat Ethiopia 4\u22120, with all four goals scored by Ad-Diba.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [33, 33], "content_span": [34, 97]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074631-0000-0000", "contents": "1957 African Cup of Nations knockout stage\nIn the knockout stage of the 1957 African Cup of Nations, there were two semi-finals scheduled, but South Africa were disqualified due to apartheid, meaning that Ethiopia were awarded a bye to the final. The match was held in Khartoum on 10 February.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 42], "section_span": [42, 42], "content_span": [43, 293]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074631-0001-0000", "contents": "1957 African Cup of Nations knockout stage, Bracket\n1 The second semi-final was scratched and Ethiopia were advanced to the final after South Africa were disqualified due to apartheid.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 42], "section_span": [44, 51], "content_span": [52, 184]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074632-0000-0000", "contents": "1957 African Cup of Nations squads\nBelow is a list of squads used in the 1957 African Cup of Nations.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [34, 34], "content_span": [35, 101]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074633-0000-0000", "contents": "1957 Air Force Falcons football team\nThe 1957 Air Force Falcons football team represented the United States Air Force Academy in the 1957 NCAA University Division football season. For its first three years, the academy was housed at Lowry Air Force Base, Colorado, adjacent to Denver, until August 1958. Until Falcon Stadium opened in 1962, Air Force played home games at DU Stadium at the University of Denver.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [36, 36], "content_span": [37, 411]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074633-0001-0000", "contents": "1957 Air Force Falcons football team\nLed by second-year head coach Buck Shaw, it was the third season for the football program. The Falcons were independent, and finished with a record of 3\u20136\u20131.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [36, 36], "content_span": [37, 194]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074633-0002-0000", "contents": "1957 Air Force Falcons football team\nAir Force did not play Army or Navy this season; Army was first played in 1959 and Navy in 1960.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [36, 36], "content_span": [37, 133]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074634-0000-0000", "contents": "1957 Akron Zips football team\nThe 1957 Akron Zips football team represented Akron University in the 1957 NCAA College Division football season as a member of the Ohio Athletic Conference. Led by fourth-year head coach Joe McMullen, the Zips played their home games at the Rubber Bowl in Akron, Ohio. They finished the season with a record of 7\u20131\u20131 overall and 5\u20131\u20131 in OAC play. They were outscored by their opponents 208\u201387.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [29, 29], "content_span": [30, 425]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074635-0000-0000", "contents": "1957 Alabama Crimson Tide football team\nThe 1957 Alabama Crimson Tide football team (variously \"Alabama\", \"UA\" or \"Bama\") represented the University of Alabama in the 1957 NCAA University Division football season. It was the Crimson Tide's 63rd overall and 24th season as a member of the Southeastern Conference (SEC). The team was led by head coach Jennings B. Whitworth, in his third year, and played their home games at Denny Stadium in Tuscaloosa, Legion Field in Birmingham and at Ladd Stadium in Mobile, Alabama. They finished with a record of two wins, seven losses and one tie (2\u20137\u20131 overall, 1\u20136\u20131 in the SEC).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [39, 39], "content_span": [40, 619]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074635-0001-0000", "contents": "1957 Alabama Crimson Tide football team\nAlabama opened the season by going winless over their first five games. After a loss at LSU, the Crimson Tide played Vanderbilt to a tie at Nashville. They then lost to TCU, Tennessee and Mississippi State before they won their first game at Georgia. The Crimson Tide then lost consecutive home games to Tulane and Georgia Tech before they won their second game of the season against Mississippi Southern. Alabama then closed the season with a 40\u20130 loss in the Iron Bowl against eventual national champion Auburn.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [39, 39], "content_span": [40, 553]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074635-0002-0000", "contents": "1957 Alabama Crimson Tide football team\nOn October 24, University officials announced the contract of head coach Whitworth would not be renewed when it expired December 1 at the conclusion of the season. On December 3, former Maryland, Kentucky and then Texas A&M head coach and former Alabama player Bear Bryant was hired as both the head coach of the football team and athletic director at Alabama.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [39, 39], "content_span": [40, 400]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074635-0003-0000", "contents": "1957 Alabama Crimson Tide football team, Game summaries, LSU\nTo open the 1957 season, Alabama was shutout by LSU 28\u20130 at Tiger Stadium in Baton Rouge. LSU took the opening kickoff and drove 67-yards for a one-yard Jim Taylor touchdown run that gave the Tigers a 7\u20130 lead at halftime after a scoreless second quarter. In the third quarter, Win Turner intercepted an Alabama pass that gave LSU possession at their 40-yard line. Six plays later, Turner then threw a 42-yard touchdown pass to J. W. Brodnax for a 14\u20130 lead. Billy Cannon then scored the final two Tigers' touchdowns for the 28\u20130 victory. The first came on a 53-yard run in the third quarter and the second on a 73-yard run in the fourth quarter that followed a fake punt. The loss brought Alabama's all-time record against LSU to 15\u20137\u20134.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 60], "content_span": [61, 799]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074635-0004-0000", "contents": "1957 Alabama Crimson Tide football team, Game summaries, Vanderbilt\nIn their second consecutive road game to open the 1957 season, the Crimson Tide played the Vanderbilt Commodores to a 6\u20136 tie at Dudley Field. Alabama took an early 6\u20130 lead on a short James Loftin touchdown run that capped their first offensive possession. The Commodores then tied the game 6\u20136 in the second quarter on a four-yard William Smith touchdown run. The Crimson Tide nearly pulled off the upset late in the fourth quarter after a 58-yard Jerry Daniel punt return gave Alabama possession at the Vandy eight-yard line. However, Alabama was unable to score as time expired just prior to a fourth down play from inside the five-yard line. The tie brought Alabama's all-time record against Vanderbilt to 18\u201316\u20132.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 67], "content_span": [68, 787]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074635-0005-0000", "contents": "1957 Alabama Crimson Tide football team, Game summaries, TCU\nFor the third consecutive season, Alabama played the Texas Christian University (TCU) Horned Frogs of the Southwest Conference, and for the third time in as many years the Crimson Tide lost 28\u20130. After a scoreless first quarter, TCU took a 14\u20130 halftime lead after they scored a pair short second-quarter touchdown runs by Buddy Dike and Marvin Lasater. The Frogs then closed the game with a 49-yard Dick Finney quarterback sneak for a touchdown in the third and on a short Jim Shofner touchdown run in the fourth to win 28\u20130. The loss brought Alabama's all-time record against TCU to 0\u20133.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 60], "content_span": [61, 650]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074635-0006-0000", "contents": "1957 Alabama Crimson Tide football team, Game summaries, Tennessee\nIn their annual rivalry game against Tennessee, the score was tied at zero as the teams entered the fourth quarter. However, a pair of touchdowns by the Volunteers in the final quarter gave Tennessee the 14\u20130 victory in Birmingham. The Vols touchdowns were scored on a nine-yard Bobby Gordon touchdown pass to Tommy Potts and then on a four-yard Gordon run in the win. The loss brought Alabama's all-time record against Tennessee to 18\u201317\u20135.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 66], "content_span": [67, 508]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074635-0007-0000", "contents": "1957 Alabama Crimson Tide football team, Game summaries, Mississippi State\nOne year after the Crimson Tide defeated Mississippi State to end their 17-game losing streak, the Maroons were victorious on homecoming at Denny Stadium by a final score of 25\u201313. Alabama took a 6\u20130 lead on the second play of the game when Jim Loftin scored on a 65-yard touchdown run. The lead was short lived as on the Maroons possession that ensued, Billy Stacy threw a 57-yard touchdown pass to Charles Weatherly that tied the game 6\u20136. State then took a 12\u20136 halftime lead on a 21-yard Gil Peterson touchdown run in the second quarter.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 74], "content_span": [75, 616]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074635-0008-0000", "contents": "1957 Alabama Crimson Tide football team, Game summaries, Mississippi State\nAfter a scoreless third quarter, the Maroons extended their lead to 25\u20136 in the fourth quarter on short touchdown runs by Molly Halbert and Robert Collins. The Crimson Tide then made the final score 25\u201313 on a 62-yard Bobby Jackson touchdown pass to Marlin Dyess late in the final period. The loss brought Alabama's all-time record against Mississippi State to 29\u201310\u20133.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 74], "content_span": [75, 444]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074635-0009-0000", "contents": "1957 Alabama Crimson Tide football team, Game summaries, Georgia\nAgainst the Georgia Bulldogs, Alabama won their first game of the season 14\u201313 at Sanford Stadium in Athens. The Bulldogs took a 6\u20130 first quarter lead after Theron Sapp scored on a one-yard touchstone run. The Crimson Tide responded with a pair of second-quarter touchdowns and took a 14\u20136 halftime lead. Both scores came on a pair of Bobby Smith touchdown passes, the first to Charles Gray from 46-yards and the second to Willie Beck from 16-yards out. Georgia was able to score a second touchdown in the third quarter on a six-yard Charles Britt pass to Donald Soberdash; however, the blocked extra point from their first score provided the final margin of defeat for the Bulldogs. The victory improved Alabama's all-time record against Georgia to 22\u201317\u20134.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 64], "content_span": [65, 824]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074635-0010-0000", "contents": "1957 Alabama Crimson Tide football team, Game summaries, Tulane\nIn their annual home game played at Ladd Stadium, the Crimson Tide were shutout 7\u20130 by the Tulane Green Wave at Mobile. The only points of the game came on a four-yard Richie Petitbon touchdown run in the first quarter. The loss brought Alabama's all-time record against Tulane to 17\u20139\u20132.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 63], "content_span": [64, 352]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074635-0011-0000", "contents": "1957 Alabama Crimson Tide football team, Game summaries, Georgia Tech\nAgainst Georgia Tech, Alabama lost 10\u20137 to the Yellow Jackets at Legion Field. The Crimson Tide took a 7\u20130 first quarter lead after Danny Wilbanks scored on a one-yard touchdown run that capped an 80-yard drive. Alabama held the lead through the fourth quarter, but Tech scored ten points to win in the final period. Freddie Braselton tied the game 7\u20137 with his one-yard touchdown run and then Urban Henry scored the game-winning field goal late in the fourth that made the final score 10\u20137. The loss brought Alabama's all-time record against Georgia Tech to 18\u201318\u20133.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 69], "content_span": [70, 637]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074635-0012-0000", "contents": "1957 Alabama Crimson Tide football team, Game summaries, Mississippi Southern\nIn their final non-conference game of the season, Alabama won their second game of the season against the Mississippi Southern Golden Eagles 29\u20132 at Denny Stadium. After a scoreless first quarter, Alabama took a 7\u20130 halftime lead on a one-yard Danny Wilbanks touchdown run in the second quarter. After Wilbanks scored his second touchdown in the third quarter, Southern gave up a safety on a bad snap on a punt attempt. On the free kick that ensued, Clay Walls returned it 66-yards for a touchdown and a 22\u20130 lead. After the Crimson Tide took a 29\u20130 lead in the fourth quarter on a 14-yard Bobby Skelton touchdown pass to Marlin Dyess before the Southerners ended the shutout attempt when Skelton was sacked for a safety. The victory improved Alabama's all-time record against Mississippi Southern to 7\u20132\u20131.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 77], "content_span": [78, 885]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074635-0013-0000", "contents": "1957 Alabama Crimson Tide football team, Game summaries, Auburn\nAgainst the rival Auburn, the Tigers scored 34 first half points en route to a 40\u20130 shutout victory at Legion Field in the season finale. After the Tigers recovered an Alabama fumble on their first possession, Auburn took a 7\u20130 lead on a one-yard Bill Atkins touchdown run. Atkins then extended their lead to 14\u20130 with a six-yard touchdown run later in the first that capped a six-play, 62-yard drive. Up by 14, three second-quarter touchdowns resulted in a 34\u20130 halftime lead for Auburn. Points were scored on a two-yard Lloyd Nix run and on interception returns of 21-yards by Tommy Lorino and 66-yards by Jackie Burkett.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 63], "content_span": [64, 687]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074635-0014-0000", "contents": "1957 Alabama Crimson Tide football team, Game summaries, Auburn\nThe final Auburn touchdown was scored in the third on a 27-yard Nix pass to Jim Phillips that made the final score 40\u20130. The loss brought Alabama's all-time record against Auburn to 9\u201312\u20131. Three days after their victory over the Crimson Tide, Auburn was recognized as the 1957 national champions by the Associated Press in their final poll of the season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 63], "content_span": [64, 419]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074635-0015-0000", "contents": "1957 Alabama Crimson Tide football team, After the season\nIn the week that followed their loss to Tennessee, the University of Alabama Faculty Committee on Physical Education and Athletics announced the University would not renew coach Whitworth's contract effective December 1 at the conclusion of the season. On December 3, the University formally introduced then Texas A&M head coach and former Crimson Tide player Bear Bryant as the new head coach of the Crimson Tide. At the time of the announcement, Bryant also became athletic director as the replacement for Hank Crisp and signed a ten-year contract to serve as Alabama's head coach.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 57], "content_span": [58, 641]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074636-0000-0000", "contents": "1957 Albanian Cup\n1957 Albanian Cup (Albanian: Kupa e Shqip\u00ebris\u00eb) was the ninth season of Albania's annual cup competition. It began in Spring 1957 with the First Round and ended in May 1957 with the Final match. Dinamo Tirana were the defending champions, having won their fifth Albanian Cup last season. The cup was won by KF Partizani.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [17, 17], "content_span": [18, 338]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074636-0001-0000", "contents": "1957 Albanian Cup\nThe rounds were played in a one-legged format similar to those of European competitions. If the number of goals was equal, the match was decided by extra time and a penalty shootout, if necessary.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [17, 17], "content_span": [18, 214]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074636-0002-0000", "contents": "1957 Albanian Cup, Second round\nIn this round entered the 16 winners from the previous round. First and second legs were played in March, 1957.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 31], "content_span": [32, 143]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074636-0003-0000", "contents": "1957 Albanian Cup, Quarter finals\nIn this round entered the 8 winners from the previous round.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 33], "content_span": [34, 94]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074636-0004-0000", "contents": "1957 Albanian Cup, Semifinals\nIn this round entered the four winners from the previous round.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 29], "content_span": [30, 93]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074637-0000-0000", "contents": "1957 Albanian National Championship\nThe 1957 Albanian National Championship was the 20th season of the Albanian National Championship, the top professional league for association football clubs, since its establishment in 1930.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [35, 35], "content_span": [36, 227]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074637-0001-0000", "contents": "1957 Albanian National Championship, Overview\nIt was contested by 8 teams, and Partizani won the championship.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 45], "content_span": [46, 110]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074637-0002-0000", "contents": "1957 Albanian National Championship, Relegation/promotion playoff\nThe second team of Second Division played in three matches promotion playoffs with the 7th of the National Championship (all in Tirana).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 65], "content_span": [66, 202]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074638-0000-0000", "contents": "1957 Alberta liquor plebiscite\nThe 1957 Alberta liquor plebiscite was a province-wide plebiscite conducted in Alberta, Canada and it was held on October 30, 1957. Unlike the other three plebiscites held in Alberta, the 1957 vote was not held in conjunction with a provincial election. At the time, the Alberta Liquor Control Board operated only a few stores from which liquor could be legally purchased. The plebiscite asked voters in every district if they were in favour of adding extra ALCB outlets.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [30, 30], "content_span": [31, 502]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074638-0001-0000", "contents": "1957 Alberta liquor plebiscite, Background\nThe province of Alberta decided to hold a plebiscite after divisive debate in the legislature on the need to deal with demands to loosen regulatory restrictions to liquor that had been in place since the Prohibition era.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 42], "content_span": [43, 263]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074638-0002-0000", "contents": "1957 Alberta liquor plebiscite, Background\nThe vote to hold a plebiscite had carried on a recorded division by a single vote after much debate.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 42], "content_span": [43, 143]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074638-0003-0000", "contents": "1957 Alberta liquor plebiscite, Background\nIn addition to the liquor controversy growing in the province, there was another testing of citizens' sentiment on an issue. The government decided to hold a plebiscite among egg producers on whether or not to establish a compulsory egg marketing board. That plebiscite was originally to be held in June 1957, but Leonard Halmrast, the Minister of Agriculture, decided to hold it in conjunction with the liquor plebiscite so that the sentiment of egg producers could be tested at the same time as voters for the liquor plebiscite, to save costs. That decision later led to controversy when numerous producers were missed after the plan was defeated in a close vote. A second vote among egg producers in summer 1958 brought in a 'Yes\" result.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 42], "content_span": [43, 784]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074638-0004-0000", "contents": "1957 Alberta liquor plebiscite, Question B\nIn Calgary, and Edmonton, as well as the parts of Gleichen, Banff-Cochrane and Clover Bar that were within the Calgary and Edmonton city limits, a second question was put on the ballot asking if \"mixed drinking\" should be permitted in beer parlours. Men and women had not been allowed to drink together in Albertan bars since 1928, four years after Prohibition had been repealed.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 42], "content_span": [43, 422]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074638-0005-0000", "contents": "1957 Alberta liquor plebiscite, Results and impact\nThe province-wide question on new liquor store locations saw mixed results across the province: the more conservative rural areas voted overwhelmingly against, and urban areas voted overwhelmingly for. After the votes were counted, the \"for\" side won the plebiscite by a wide margin. The second question regarding mixed drinking in the major cities passed with an almost 4 to 1 margin. This was the second province-wide plebiscite in Alberta's history, and cost the province $355,309.62 to run.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 50], "content_span": [51, 545]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074638-0006-0000", "contents": "1957 Alberta liquor plebiscite, Results and impact\nThe Alberta government abolished gender-based segregation of bars in the rest of the province (without an additional plebiscite) in 1967.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 50], "content_span": [51, 188]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074639-0000-0000", "contents": "1957 Alexandra bus boycott\nThe 1957 Alexandra bus boycott was a protest undertaken against the Public Utility Transport Corporation (PUTCO) by the people of Alexandra in Johannesburg, South Africa.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [26, 26], "content_span": [27, 197]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074639-0001-0000", "contents": "1957 Alexandra bus boycott\nIt is generally recognised as being one of the few successful political campaigns of the Apartheid era, by noted writers and activists including Anthony Sampson and Chief Albert Luthuli.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [26, 26], "content_span": [27, 213]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074639-0002-0000", "contents": "1957 Alexandra bus boycott\nRuth First, formerly married to South African Communist Party leader Joe Slovo, said of the Boycott, \"not since the days of the Defiance Campaign had Africans held so strategic a position.\"", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [26, 26], "content_span": [27, 216]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074639-0003-0000", "contents": "1957 Alexandra bus boycott, Background\nIn 1940 South African authorities passed the Electoral Laws Amendment Act, the law  provided for the compulsory registration of White voters only. During this time the gap between family income did not meet the essential needs because of higher prices of rent, transport and taxes. African Peoples Organization (APO) protest against this Act did not succeed. The ANC established a \u2018Department of Social Welfare\u2019 to investigate the needs of the increasingly urban population.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [28, 38], "content_span": [39, 513]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074639-0004-0000", "contents": "1957 Alexandra bus boycott, Background\nIn 1940 was held the first major Alexandra's bus boycott. In 1943 the bus fare increased from 5 cents to 6 cents, a new bus boycott took place in August 1943, on it participated Nelson Mandela with 10s of thousands of other protesters, they did not took a bus, but instead walked 9 miles from Alexandra Township to the center of Johannesburg. A longer boycott had place in 1944 also in Alexandra that lasted seven weeks.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [28, 38], "content_span": [39, 459]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074639-0005-0000", "contents": "1957 Alexandra bus boycott, 'We Will Not Ride'\nThe bus boycott of Alexandra was launched on 7 January 1957; but it was later joined by boycotters from Sophiatown and Newclare in Western Areas of Johannesburg. In Pretoria (Tshwane) it covered the Lady Selborne district, as well as other areas, including Atteridgeville, Mamelodi and Ga-Rankuwa. After two weeks the boycott was joined by the commuters of Moroka-Jabavu in the South Western Areas who came out in sympathy. Many of the latter had moved from Moroka-Jabavu to Alexandra and had had the experiences of its earlier bus boycotts and other struggles.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [28, 46], "content_span": [47, 608]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074639-0006-0000", "contents": "1957 Alexandra bus boycott, 'We Will Not Ride'\nThe bus boycott lasted from January 1957 to June 1957. At its height, 70,000 township residents refused to ride the local buses to and from work. For many people this daily journey to downtown Johannesburg was a 20\u00a0mi (32\u00a0km) round trip.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [28, 46], "content_span": [47, 284]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074639-0007-0000", "contents": "1957 Alexandra bus boycott, 'We Will Not Ride'\nThe boycott was named Azikwelwa (We will not ride). Alexandra Township had seen two previous bus boycotts. In August 1943 a nine-day boycott succeeded in reducing the fare from 5d to 4d. A second strike began in November 1944 after prices were again raised.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [28, 46], "content_span": [47, 304]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074639-0008-0000", "contents": "1957 Alexandra bus boycott, 'We Will Not Ride'\nThe 1957 protest was mobilised after PUTCO again proposed raising its fares from 4d to 5d. With the government refusing to increase its public subsidy to the company, PUTCO argued that a price hike was inevitable. On 7 January 1957, it was resolved by the people of Alexandra to launch the boycott and on the same day the Alexandra People's Transport Action Committee (APTAC) was formed. The boycott would continue until the four penny fare was restored.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [28, 46], "content_span": [47, 501]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074639-0009-0000", "contents": "1957 Alexandra bus boycott, Organization\nAPTAC was made up of several local groups: the Standholders Association, the Standholders and Tenants Association, the Vigilants Association, the Tenants Association, the Freedom Charterists (members of the ANC), the Women's League (also members of the ANC), the African Nationalists and the Movement For a Democracy of Content. Throughout the boycott, the latter two groups maintained the most uncompromising stand, while the former groups showed themselves to be most willing to negotiate for a compromise.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [28, 40], "content_span": [41, 549]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074639-0010-0000", "contents": "1957 Alexandra bus boycott, Organization\nAlthough each group committed three members to APTAC, as the boycott went on it was the radical groups who gained the upper hand. Dan Mokonyane of the Movement For a Democracy of Content, in particular, rose from initially acting as Publicity Secretary to the role of Secretary of APTAC.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [28, 40], "content_span": [41, 328]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074639-0011-0000", "contents": "1957 Alexandra bus boycott, Victory\nThe boycott attracted daily attention from the South African press. The Johannesburg Chamber of Commerce, worried about the economic implications of a large part of its workforce walking twenty miles a day, attempted to settle the matter using various intermediaries.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [28, 35], "content_span": [36, 303]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074639-0012-0000", "contents": "1957 Alexandra bus boycott, Victory\nAlthough several provisional settlements were discussed, including a complicated system that would reimburse bus passengers their extra penny every day, the boycotters stood firm. With the radical groups implicitly threatening to mobilise a strike (a rainy Monday) the Chamber of Commerce finally agreed to a public subsidy that would return the old fare on a long term basis.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [28, 35], "content_span": [36, 412]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074640-0000-0000", "contents": "1957 All England Badminton Championships\nThe 1957 All England Championships was a badminton tournament held at Wembley, London, England, from 20\u201325 March 1957.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [40, 40], "content_span": [41, 159]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074640-0001-0000", "contents": "1957 All England Badminton Championships\nThis was the first year in which the competition switched to Wembley from Earls Court. Kirsten Thorndahl married and played under the name Kirsten Granlund.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [40, 40], "content_span": [41, 197]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074641-0000-0000", "contents": "1957 All-Atlantic Coast Conference football team\nThe 1957 All-Atlantic Coast Conference football team consists of American football players chosen by various selectors for their All-Atlantic Coast Conference (\"ACC\") teams for the 1957 NCAA University Division football season. Selectors in 1957 included the Associated Press (AP). The only unanimous choice on the AP team was halfback Dick Christy of North Carolina State.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 48], "section_span": [48, 48], "content_span": [49, 422]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074641-0001-0000", "contents": "1957 All-Atlantic Coast Conference football team, Key\nAP = Associated Press, chosen by 78 voters of the Atlantic Coast Sports Writers Association", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 48], "section_span": [50, 53], "content_span": [54, 145]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074642-0000-0000", "contents": "1957 All-Big Seven Conference football team\nThe 1957 All-Big Seven Conference football team consists of American football players chosen by various organizations for All-Big Seven Conference teams for the 1957 NCAA University Division football season. The selectors for the 1957 season included the Associated Press (AP) and the United Press (UP). Players selected as first-team players by both the AP and UP are designated in bold.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 43], "section_span": [43, 43], "content_span": [44, 432]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074643-0000-0000", "contents": "1957 All-Big Ten Conference football team\nThe 1957 All-Big Ten Conference football team consists of American football players chosen by various organizations to the All-Big Ten Conference teams for the 1957 Big Ten Conference football season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 41], "section_span": [41, 41], "content_span": [42, 242]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074643-0001-0000", "contents": "1957 All-Big Ten Conference football team, Key\nAP = Associated Press, selected in a poll of AP writers", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 41], "section_span": [43, 46], "content_span": [47, 102]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074643-0002-0000", "contents": "1957 All-Big Ten Conference football team, Key\nBold = Consensus first-team selection of both the AP and UP", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 41], "section_span": [43, 46], "content_span": [47, 106]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074644-0000-0000", "contents": "1957 All-Ireland Minor Football Championship\nThe 1957 All-Ireland Minor Football Championship was the 26th staging of the All-Ireland Minor Football Championship, the Gaelic Athletic Association's premier inter-county Gaelic football tournament for boys under the age of 18.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [44, 44], "content_span": [45, 274]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074644-0001-0000", "contents": "1957 All-Ireland Minor Football Championship\nDublin entered the championship as defending champions, however, they were defeated in the Leinster Championship.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [44, 44], "content_span": [45, 158]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074644-0002-0000", "contents": "1957 All-Ireland Minor Football Championship\nOn 22 September 1957, Meath won the championship following a 3-9 to 0-4 defeat of Armagh in the All-Ireland final. This was their first All-Ireland title.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [44, 44], "content_span": [45, 199]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074645-0000-0000", "contents": "1957 All-Ireland Minor Hurling Championship\nThe 1957 All-Ireland Minor Hurling Championship was the 27th staging of the All-Ireland Minor Hurling Championship since its establishment by the Gaelic Athletic Association in 1928. The championship began on 31 March 1957 and ended on 2 September 1957.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 43], "section_span": [43, 43], "content_span": [44, 297]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074645-0001-0000", "contents": "1957 All-Ireland Minor Hurling Championship\nTipperary entered the championship as the defending champions in search of a third successive title.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 43], "section_span": [43, 43], "content_span": [44, 144]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074645-0002-0000", "contents": "1957 All-Ireland Minor Hurling Championship\nOn 2 September 1957 Tipperary won the championship following a 4-7 to 3-7 defeat of Kilkenny in the All-Ireland final. This was their third All-Ireland title in-a-row and their 11th title overall.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 43], "section_span": [43, 43], "content_span": [44, 240]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074646-0000-0000", "contents": "1957 All-Ireland Senior Camogie Championship\nThe 1957 All-Ireland Senior Camogie Championship was the high point of the 1957 season in camogie. The championship was won by Dublin who defeated Antrim by a two-point margin in the final thus gaining revenge for Antrim's semi-final victory of the previous year that interrupted would have been a sequence of 19 All-Ireland championships in a row by Dublin.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [44, 44], "content_span": [45, 403]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074646-0001-0000", "contents": "1957 All-Ireland Senior Camogie Championship, Structure\nDublin's surprise semi-final defeat in the 1956 semi-final might well have been followed by an even more surprising defeat to Wicklow in the Leinster final at Parnell Park on August 11, 1957. Dublin found themselves a point behind, 1-1 to 1-0 with six minutes remaining before a goal by \u00dana O'Connor and points from Phyllis Campbell and Mary O\u2019Sullivan gave them a 2-3 to 1-1 victory. Antrim also had to come from behind against Mayo in the All Ireland semi-final. With time running out and trailing by a point, Antrim moved Maeve Gilroy to centre-forward. Her subsequent goal ensured a place in the final. Cork defeated Tipperary by 4-5 to 3-4 in the Munster final at Roscrea despite three goals from Mary England.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [46, 55], "content_span": [56, 771]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074646-0002-0000", "contents": "1957 All-Ireland Senior Camogie Championship, The Final\nThe final may have been the greatest in the 12-a-side phase of the history of camogie. There were less than two minutes left when Br\u00edd Reid scored Dublin's winning goal in the final. The goal came from an Una O'Connor pass and happened immediately after Eilish Camphill had gone off injured and The Irish News reported \u201cAntrim looked unsettled at this stage.\u201d Antrim led 2-3 to 0-2 at half-time. Maureen Cairns had met a dropping ball and sent straight to the net to give Antrim a four-point lead with ten minutes to go. Anne Donnelly scored a goal and Kathleen Mills cut the Antrim lead to one with a point, before Reid struck for the winner. The attendance was 7,000.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [46, 55], "content_span": [56, 725]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074646-0003-0000", "contents": "1957 All-Ireland Senior Camogie Championship, The Final\nJust before yesterday\u2019s camogie final some unknown admirer presented Dublin midfielder Annette Corrigan with a four leafed clover. And if ever a lucky charm worked overtime, that clover-leaf must have done so. Dublin who had been training behind Antrim right from the start, snatched their 16th All-Ireland title from a snap goal against the run of play two minutes from time. Antrim came storming back but were foiled by Dublin goalie Eileen Duffy whose last-second save of a glorious shot from Marion Kearns was a fitting climax to a glorious hour.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [46, 55], "content_span": [56, 606]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074646-0004-0000", "contents": "1957 All-Ireland Senior Camogie Championship, The Final\nThe Antrim team made a gallant bid to hold their crown and were foiled only by the grand display of the Dublin goalkeeper and captain, Eileen Duffy.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [46, 55], "content_span": [56, 204]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074646-0005-0000", "contents": "1957 All-Ireland Senior Camogie Championship, The Final\nEileen Duffy was the star and inspiration of the Dublin team. Several of her first half saves were almost uncanny while in the closing stages she made several profitable dashes outfield.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [46, 55], "content_span": [56, 242]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074646-0006-0000", "contents": "1957 All-Ireland Senior Camogie Championship, The Final\nEileen Duffy was accorded the Irish Independent sports star of the week for her performance. Early in the game she had performed a wonderful triple save, claimed by Agnes Hourigan as one of the best sequential saves in the history of the game, when Antrim were leading by 1-1 to nil at the start of the match. At this stage two or three Antrim scores which appeared to be points were signalled wide by the umpires to the disappointment of the Antrim supporters.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [46, 55], "content_span": [56, 517]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074647-0000-0000", "contents": "1957 All-Ireland Senior Camogie Championship Final\nThe 1957 All-Ireland Senior Camogie Championship Final was the 26th All-Ireland Final and the deciding match of the 1957 All-Ireland Senior Camogie Championship, an inter-county camogie tournament for the top teams in Ireland.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 50], "section_span": [50, 50], "content_span": [51, 277]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074647-0001-0000", "contents": "1957 All-Ireland Senior Camogie Championship Final\nAntrim led 2-1 to 0-2 at half-time but Dublin gradually wore them down, Br\u00edd Reid scoring a last-minute winning goal after Eilish Campbell, Antrim's star player, had gone off injured.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 50], "section_span": [50, 50], "content_span": [51, 234]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074648-0000-0000", "contents": "1957 All-Ireland Senior Football Championship\nThe 1957 All-Ireland Senior Football Championship was the 71st staging of Ireland's premier Gaelic football knock-out competition.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 45], "section_span": [45, 45], "content_span": [46, 176]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074649-0000-0000", "contents": "1957 All-Ireland Senior Football Championship Final\nThe 1957 All-Ireland Senior Football Championship final was a Gaelic football match played at Croke Park on 22 September 1957 to determine the winners of the 1957 All-Ireland Senior Football Championship, the 71st season of the All-Ireland Senior Football Championship, a tournament organised by the Gaelic Athletic Association for the champions of the four provinces of Ireland. The final was contested by Cork of Munster and Louth of Leinster, with Louth winning by 1-9 to 1-7.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 51], "section_span": [51, 51], "content_span": [52, 531]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074649-0001-0000", "contents": "1957 All-Ireland Senior Football Championship Final\nThe All-Ireland final between Cork and Louth was a unique occasion as it was the first ever championship meeting between the two teams. Similarly, the game was billed as a David and Goliath battle as it pitted Ireland's biggest county against Ireland's smallest county.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 51], "section_span": [51, 51], "content_span": [52, 321]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074649-0002-0000", "contents": "1957 All-Ireland Senior Football Championship Final\nIn the first half it was the Louth team who had the balance of play in the early stages. They built up a lead of 0-5 to 0-3 after just twenty minutes. Shortly after, Cork took the lead when Tom Furlong beat the advancing Louth goalkeeper to a centre from Nealie Duggan and punched to the net. Niall FitzGerald added a point before the interval.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 51], "section_span": [51, 51], "content_span": [52, 396]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074649-0003-0000", "contents": "1957 All-Ireland Senior Football Championship Final\nOn resuming Denis \"Toots\" Kelleher extended Cork's lead with another rpoint and it looked as if the Rebels were on their way. Louth again took up the running and scored four point in succession to regain the lead with ten minutes remaining. A carelessly conceded line ball glanced off a defender's hand over the goal line while he was being fouled to give Louth the lead. Despite frantic efforts by Cork they couldn't claw back Louth's lead. Twice it seemed a goal was imminent, however, Louth held on for their two-point victory.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 51], "section_span": [51, 51], "content_span": [52, 582]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074649-0004-0000", "contents": "1957 All-Ireland Senior Football Championship Final\nLouth's All-Ireland victory was their first since 1912. The win gave them their third All-Ireland title over all and put them joint eighth on the all-time roll of honour along with Mayo and Cork. It remains their last All-Ireland final appearance.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 51], "section_span": [51, 51], "content_span": [52, 299]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074649-0005-0000", "contents": "1957 All-Ireland Senior Football Championship Final\nCork's All-Ireland defeat was their second in succession after losing to Galway in 1956. It was their ninth All-Ireland final defeat in total.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 51], "section_span": [51, 51], "content_span": [52, 194]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074649-0006-0000", "contents": "1957 All-Ireland Senior Football Championship Final\nDue to the identical nature of the colour of their jerseys a change was necessary. Louth wore the green of Leinster while Cork wore the blue of Munster.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 51], "section_span": [51, 51], "content_span": [52, 204]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074650-0000-0000", "contents": "1957 All-Ireland Senior Hurling Championship\nThe 1957 All-Ireland Senior Hurling Championship was the 71st staging of the All-Ireland hurling championship since its establishment by the Gaelic Athletic Association in 1887. The championship began on 14 April 1957 and ended on 1 September 1957.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [44, 44], "content_span": [45, 293]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074650-0001-0000", "contents": "1957 All-Ireland Senior Hurling Championship\nWexford were the defending champions, however, they were defeated in the provincial campaign. Kilkenny won the All-Ireland following a 4-10 to 3-12 defeat of Waterford.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [44, 44], "content_span": [45, 213]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074650-0002-0000", "contents": "1957 All-Ireland Senior Hurling Championship, Rule changes\nPrior to the start of the championship the Galway county board put down a motion at the Gaelic Athletic Association's (GAA) annual congress seeking immediate entry to the Leinster championship. Since 1922 Galway's hurlers had no competition in the Connacht championship and, as a result, they gained automatic entry to the All-Ireland semi-final every year. This format was seen as hindering the team's chances, however, by being included in the Leinster championship Galway could possibly have more competitive championship games every year. The motion at congress was eventually withdrawn and the existing format remained intact.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [46, 58], "content_span": [59, 690]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074650-0003-0000", "contents": "1957 All-Ireland Senior Hurling Championship, Teams\nA total of fourteen teams contested the championship, including all of the teams that participated in the 1956 championship. Kerry returned to the championship after a prolonged absence.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [46, 51], "content_span": [52, 238]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074651-0000-0000", "contents": "1957 All-Ireland Senior Hurling Championship Final\nThe 1957 All-Ireland Senior Hurling Championship Final was the 70th All-Ireland Final and marked the culmination of the 1957 All-Ireland Senior Hurling Championship, an inter-county hurling tournament for the top teams in Ireland. The match was held at Croke Park, Dublin, on 1 September 1957, between Kilkenny and Waterford. The Munster champions lost to their Leinster opponents on a score line of 4-10 to 3-12. It was the fifth time for Kilkenny to win a final by a point. An interesting feature of this match was the participation of the English actor John Gregson in the Kilkenny team's parade as part of his role as a GAA player in the film Rooney.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 50], "section_span": [50, 50], "content_span": [51, 705]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074652-0000-0000", "contents": "1957 All-Pacific Coast football team\nThe 1957 All-Pacific Coast football team consists of American football players chosen by various organizations for All-Pacific Coast teams for the 1957 NCAA University Division football season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [36, 36], "content_span": [37, 230]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074652-0001-0000", "contents": "1957 All-Pacific Coast football team, Key\nAP = Associated Press, selected by three regional AP sports editors in Seattle, San Francisco, and Los Angeles", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 41], "content_span": [42, 152]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074652-0002-0000", "contents": "1957 All-Pacific Coast football team, Key\nBold = Consensus first-team selection of at least two of the selectors from among the AP, UP and conference coaches", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 41], "content_span": [42, 157]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074653-0000-0000", "contents": "1957 All-Pro Team\nThe Associated Press (AP), Newspaper Enterprise Association (NEA), New York Daily News (NYDN), The Sporting News (SN), and United Press (UP) were among selectors of All-Pro teams comprising players adjudged to be the best at each position in the National Football League (NFL) during the 1957 NFL season. The AP, NEA, NYDN, and UPI selected a first and second team.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [17, 17], "content_span": [18, 383]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074654-0000-0000", "contents": "1957 All-SEC football team\nThe 1957 All-SEC football team consists of American football players selected to the All-Southeastern Conference (SEC) chosen by various selectors for the 1957 NCAA University Division football season. Auburn won the conference.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [26, 26], "content_span": [27, 255]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074654-0001-0000", "contents": "1957 All-SEC football team, Key\nUP = United PressBold = Consensus first-team selection by both AP and UP", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [28, 31], "content_span": [32, 104]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074655-0000-0000", "contents": "1957 All-Southwest Conference football team\nThe 1957 All-Southwest Conference football team consists of American football players chosen by various organizations for All-Southwest Conference teams for the 1957 NCAA University Division football season. The selectors for the 1957 season included the Associated Press (AP) and the United Press (UP). Players selected as first-team players by both the AP and UP are designated in bold.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 43], "section_span": [43, 43], "content_span": [44, 432]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074655-0001-0000", "contents": "1957 All-Southwest Conference football team, Key\nBold = Consensus first-team selection of both the AP and UP", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 43], "section_span": [45, 48], "content_span": [49, 108]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074656-0000-0000", "contents": "1957 Allan Cup\nThe 1957 Allan Cup was the Canadian national senior ice hockey championship for the 1956-57 Senior \"A\" season. The event was hosted by the Whitby Dunlops and Toronto, Ontario. The 1957 playoff marked the 49th time that the Allan Cup has been awarded.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [14, 14], "content_span": [15, 265]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074656-0001-0000", "contents": "1957 Allan Cup\nThe 1957 Allan Cup may have been the first time in history an American team competed in the final.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [14, 14], "content_span": [15, 113]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074656-0002-0000", "contents": "1957 Allan Cup, Playdowns, Eastern Playdowns\nThe Eastern Playdowns were drastically shortened due to a lack of amateur Quebec clubs and the Maritime provinces declaring none of their teams fit for that level of competition.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [16, 44], "content_span": [45, 223]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074656-0003-0000", "contents": "1957 Allan Cup, Playdowns, Western Playdowns\nMost of the Prairie provinces had come to support professional teams over amateur teams, leaving a few remaining leagues to compete for the Allan Cup.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [16, 44], "content_span": [45, 195]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074657-0000-0000", "contents": "1957 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly election\nElections to the Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly were held on 25 February 1957. 319 candidates contested for the 85 constituencies in the Assembly. There were 20 two-member constituencies and 65 single-member constituencies. The members of the first assembly (1955\u201362) who were elected from the 1955 election were allowed a seven-year term. That is to say in 1957, elections were conducted in the newly added region of Telangana alone and then in 1962 general elections were held for the state as a whole.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 49], "section_span": [49, 49], "content_span": [50, 559]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074657-0001-0000", "contents": "1957 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly election, State reorganization\nOn 1 November 1956, Andhra State was merged with Hyderabad State in 1956 under States Reorganisation Act, 1956, to form a single state, Andhra Pradesh. The districts of Raichur, Gulbarga, and the Marathwada district were detached from the Hyderabad State while merging with Andhra State. Also, the Siruguppa taluk, the Bellary taluk, the Hospet taluk, and a small area of the Mallapuram sub-taluk were transferred from Mysore State to Andhra Pradesh. The districts of Raichur and Gulbarga were transferred to the Mysore State, while the Marathwada district was transferred to the Bombay State. Thus the assembly constituencies of the Andhra Pradesh changed from 167 constituencies with 190 seats in 1955 to 85 constituencies with 105 seats in 1957.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 49], "section_span": [51, 71], "content_span": [72, 820]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074658-0000-0000", "contents": "1957 Andreanof Islands earthquake\nThe 1957 Andreanof Islands earthquake took place on March 9 with a moment magnitude of 8.6 and a maximum Mercalli intensity of VIII (Severe). It occurred south of the Andreanof Islands group, which is part of the Aleutian Islands arc. The event occurred along the Aleutian Trench, the convergent plate boundary that separates the Pacific Plate and the North American Plates near Alaska. A basin wide tsunami followed, with effects felt in Alaska and Hawaii. Total losses were around $5 million.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [33, 33], "content_span": [34, 528]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074658-0001-0000", "contents": "1957 Andreanof Islands earthquake, Tectonic setting\nThe 2,500\u00a0mi (4,000\u00a0km) Aleutian Subduction Zone is the convergent boundary of the Pacific and North American Plates. This oceanic trench runs from the Kuril Subduction Zone in the west to the Yakutat Collision Zone in the east. At each end of the subduction zone are right-lateral transform faults, including the Queen Charlotte Fault in the east, and a similar structure at the far west end of the arc near Attu Island.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 51], "content_span": [52, 473]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074658-0002-0000", "contents": "1957 Andreanof Islands earthquake, Earthquake\nBecause the shock occurred before the World Wide Standardised Seismological Network was in operation, few instruments captured the event, and its mechanism is not understood well as a result. Some effort was made with the limited data to gain an understanding of the rupture area and the distribution of slip. One aspect of the event that was certain was that the 750\u00a0mi (1,200\u00a0km) aftershock zone was the largest that had ever been observed.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 45], "content_span": [46, 488]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074658-0003-0000", "contents": "1957 Andreanof Islands earthquake, Damage\nIn Alaska, the earthquake caused severe damage to roads and buildings on Adak Island, but no lives were lost. Two bridges and some oil and fuel-related structures at the dock were also destroyed there. On  Umnak Island, a concrete mixer and some docks were lost. Prompt warnings from the Seismic Sea Wave Warning System were credited with preventing greater damage or loss of life.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 41], "content_span": [42, 423]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074658-0004-0000", "contents": "1957 Andreanof Islands earthquake, Damage\nIn Hawaii, damage was much more extensive, including two indirect fatalities that occurred when a pilot and photographer were killed while attempting to document the tsunami's arrival from an airplane. On the island of Kauai, the wave height reached 52 feet (16\u00a0m). By comparison, the effects were considered about twice as strong as that of the 1946 Aleutian Islands earthquake and resulting tsunami. About 50 homes were flooded on the north shore of Oahu and significant effects were seen in Waialua Bay. Buildings and bridges were also affected in Haleiwa. The total damage cost over $5 million ($46 million in 2017).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 41], "content_span": [42, 662]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074659-0000-0000", "contents": "1957 Angara\n1957 Angara (prov. designation: 1970 GF) is a stony Eos asteroid from the outer regions of the asteroid belt, approximately 18 kilometers (11 miles) in diameter. It was discovered on 1 April 1970, by Soviet astronomer Lyudmila Chernykh at the Crimean Astrophysical Observatory in Nauchnyj, and named after the Siberian Angara River.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 11], "section_span": [11, 11], "content_span": [12, 344]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074659-0001-0000", "contents": "1957 Angara, Classification and orbit\nAngara is a member of the Eos family, well known for mostly being of a silicaceous composition. It orbits the Sun in the outer main-belt at a distance of 2.8\u20133.2\u00a0AU once every 5 years and 3 months (1,906 days). Its orbit has an eccentricity of 0.06 and an inclination of 11\u00b0 with respect to the ecliptic. A first precovery was taken at Goethe Link Observatory in 1956, extending the body's observation arc by 14 years prior to its official discovery observation at Nauchnyj.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 11], "section_span": [13, 37], "content_span": [38, 512]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074659-0002-0000", "contents": "1957 Angara, Naming\nThis minor planet was named for the over 1000-mile long Siberian Angara River that drains Lake Baikal. The official naming citation was published by the Minor Planet Center on 30 June 1977 (M.P.C. 4190).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 11], "section_span": [13, 19], "content_span": [20, 223]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074659-0003-0000", "contents": "1957 Angara, Physical characteristics\nIn December 1983, a rotational lightcurve of Angara was obtained from photometric observations by American astronomer Richard Binzel. Lightcurve analysis gave a well-define rotation period of 3.67 hours with a brightness amplitude of 0.52 magnitude, indicative of a non-spheroidal shape (U=3). Binzel also classified the body as a stony S-type asteroid.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 11], "section_span": [13, 37], "content_span": [38, 391]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074659-0004-0000", "contents": "1957 Angara, Physical characteristics\nAccording to the surveys carried out by the Japanese Akari satellite and NASA's Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer with its subsequent NEOWISE mission, Angara measures between 17.907 and 30.41 kilometers in diameter and its surface has an albedo between 0.055 and 0.1438. The Collaborative Asteroid Lightcurve Link assumes a standard albedo for stony Eoan asteroids of 0.14 \u2013 taken from the family's largest member and namesake, 221\u00a0Eos \u2013 and derives a diameter of 18.38 kilometers with an absolute magnitude of 11.43.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 11], "section_span": [13, 37], "content_span": [38, 557]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074660-0000-0000", "contents": "1957 Aqaba Valetta accident\nThe 1957 Aqaba Valetta accident happened on 17 April 1957 when a twin-engined Vickers Valetta C.1 transport aircraft, serial number VW832, of 84 Squadron, Royal Air Force crashed and was destroyed after departing from Aqaba Airport in Jordan following wing failure due to turbulence. The crash is the deadliest air disaster in the history of Jordan.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [27, 27], "content_span": [28, 377]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074660-0001-0000", "contents": "1957 Aqaba Valetta accident, Accident\nThe Valetta was returning British Army troops from Jordan to the United Kingdom following the end of the Anglo-Jordanian Treaty. The Valetta had three crew and most of the 24 passengers were from the 10th Royal Hussars. The aircraft departed Aqaba at 10:23, bound for a stop at Mafraq Airport in North Jordan and then RAF Habbaniya in Iraq. At about 10:30 the aircraft hit turbulence causing the wing to fail, the aircraft spun into the ground 20 miles North North West of Aqaba, it burned and was destroyed killing all on board.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 37], "content_span": [38, 567]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074660-0002-0000", "contents": "1957 Aqaba Valetta accident, Accident\nThe bodies were returned to RAF Habbaniya and were buried with full military honours in the RAF/CWGC cemetery on 27 April 1957. The bodies lie in Plot 5 Row B Graves 1\u20137. The personnel who died were 3 RAF crew, 18 10th Hussars troops, 5 REME soldiers and 1 Army Catering Corps soldier.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 37], "content_span": [38, 323]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074660-0003-0000", "contents": "1957 Aqaba Valetta accident, Investigation\nThe Board of Inquiry found the accident was due to the failure of the port main spar of the outer wing which had resulted in the disintegration of the wing round the fracture and damage to the rear fuselage and tail. The board also said it found that spar failure was due to over-stressing and they suggested this was due to the extreme air turbulence which was known to have existed in the area at the time. The board said they had found no sign of a fatigue failure.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 42], "content_span": [43, 511]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074661-0000-0000", "contents": "1957 Aquila Airways Solent crash\nThe 1957 Aquila Airways Solent crash occurred on the Isle of Wight in England on 15 November. With 45 lives lost, at the time it was the second worst aircraft accident within the United Kingdom, then at the time the worst ever air disaster to occur on English soil.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [32, 32], "content_span": [33, 298]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074661-0001-0000", "contents": "1957 Aquila Airways Solent crash, Accident sequence\nThe aircraft, an Aquila Airways Short Solent 3 flying boat named the City of Sydney, registered G-AKNU, departed Southampton Water at 22:46 on a night flight to Las Palmas and Madeira via Lisbon. At 22:54 the crew radioed to report that the number 4 propeller had been feathered (No. 4 engine feathered. Coming back in a hurry. ). During an attempt to return, the Solent crashed into a disused chalk pit adjacent to heavily forested downland. The crash site is on a steep eastern slope of Shalcombe Down, above the small villages of Chessell and Shalcombe. At the time of impact the plane was banked 45 degrees to the right, the same side of the aircraft that had lost all engine power according to the accident report.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 51], "content_span": [52, 771]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074661-0002-0000", "contents": "1957 Aquila Airways Solent crash, Accident sequence\nThe aircraft caught fire on impact. However three soldiers on a night-exercise were close by when the crash happened and were on the scene within minutes; they managed to rescue some of the survivors from the burning wreckage, suffering burns as they did so.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 51], "content_span": [52, 310]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074661-0003-0000", "contents": "1957 Aquila Airways Solent crash, Accident sequence\nExcept for the tail, the aircraft was destroyed. Of the 58 on board, 45 were killed and 13 injured. Initially 43 perished, but two more later succumbed to their injuries.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 51], "content_span": [52, 222]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074661-0004-0000", "contents": "1957 Aquila Airways Solent crash, Accident sequence\nIn the days following, the crash-site became a scene of morbid interest and crowds of people came to see it; a police presence was required to keep them at distance.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 51], "content_span": [52, 217]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074661-0005-0000", "contents": "1957 Aquila Airways Solent crash, Possible causes\nA public inquiry by the Air Accidents Investigation Branch of the Ministry of Transport concluded that the essential cause remains unknown. The accident was caused by the stoppage of the No.3 engine while the No.4 engine was also stopped. What caused the initial failure of the No.4 engine is unknown. The cause of the subsequent number 3 engine stoppage was either an electrical failure in the fuel cutoff actuator circuit or the accidental operation of the cutoff switch.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 49], "content_span": [50, 523]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074661-0006-0000", "contents": "1957 Aquila Airways Solent crash, Legacy\nThe soldiers who rescued crash survivors later received awards for their actions; Major W.J.F. Weller and Lieutenant J.R. Sherbourn were made Members of the Order of the British Empire, Company quartermaster sergeant J.W. Reid, was awarded the British Empire Medal.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 40], "content_span": [41, 306]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074661-0007-0000", "contents": "1957 Aquila Airways Solent crash, Legacy\nAquila Airways, after operating for 10 years announced in July 1958 it would cease operations, nine months after the crash.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 40], "content_span": [41, 164]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074661-0008-0000", "contents": "1957 Aquila Airways Solent crash, Legacy\nA 50th anniversary memorial service was held in the village of Brook, Isle of Wight on 18 November 2007 to commemorate the lives lost. In October 2008 a permanent memorial was dedicated at Brook's St Mary's Church, about 0.7 miles (1.1\u00a0km) due south of the crash site.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 40], "content_span": [41, 309]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074662-0000-0000", "contents": "1957 Argentine Constitutional Assembly election\nThe Argentine Constituent Assembly election of 1957 was held on 28 July. Voters chose delegates to the assembly, and with a turnout of 90.1%.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 47], "section_span": [47, 47], "content_span": [48, 189]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074662-0001-0000", "contents": "1957 Argentine Constitutional Assembly election, Background\nNeither victors nor vanquished were to emerge from the Revoluci\u00f3n Libertadora (\"Liberating Revolution\") that violently deposed Argentina's populist President Juan Per\u00f3n in September 1955, and despite the pressure against it, General Eduardo Lonardi's catchphrase became government policy in October: he negotiated personally with Per\u00f3n's chief supporters, the 2.5 million-member CGT labor union, and formed the Civilian Advisory Council.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 47], "section_span": [49, 59], "content_span": [60, 497]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074662-0002-0000", "contents": "1957 Argentine Constitutional Assembly election, Background\nFacing conservative opposition to his moderate approach to \"de-per\u00f3nization,\" as well as terminal illness, Lonardi lost his battle with both; replaced in November, he died the following March. His successor, General Pedro Aramburu, jailed 9,000 CGT leaders within days (banning them from politics) and enacted restrictions such as the ban of mentioning Peron's name.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 47], "section_span": [49, 59], "content_span": [60, 426]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074662-0002-0001", "contents": "1957 Argentine Constitutional Assembly election, Background\nInstability and a coup attempt contributed to a rollback in this momentum, however, and in July, Aramburu announced elections for an \"asamblea constituyente\"(\"constituent assembly,\" as Argentines call constitutional conventions), to be convened for the purpose of restoring the Argentine Constitution of 1853 to its original text and meaning(as was amended in 1860, 1866, & 1897, respectively), which Per\u00f3n had heavily amended to a more statist and populist charter, in 1949).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 47], "section_span": [49, 59], "content_span": [60, 536]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074662-0003-0000", "contents": "1957 Argentine Constitutional Assembly election, Background\nThe announcement was not without controversy, however. The centrist UCR, the dominant party following the Peronists' ban, was opposed to convening the assembly before the restoration of democracy (when the UCR would almost certainly be in power). One front runner, Arturo Frondizi, believed it to be Aramburu's attempt to forestall elections, and the more conservative Ricardo Balb\u00edn feared it could boost Argentina's myriad, smaller parties \u2013 potentially complicating the UCR's ability to govern.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 47], "section_span": [49, 59], "content_span": [60, 557]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074662-0004-0000", "contents": "1957 Argentine Constitutional Assembly election, Background\nAramburu's more reactionary colleagues in the military favored a far slower timetable towards elections, but were reluctant to challenge him. The UCR's November 1956 convention in Tucum\u00e1n was marked by acrimony over relationships with the military and with peronists, and it resulted in the party's division. Balb\u00edn continued to lead the party's mainstream (as the UCR-P), while the less anti-peronist faction formed the UCRI \u2013 led by Oscar Alende and Balb\u00edn's 1951 running mate, Arturo Frondizi. The two UCR factions competed not only with each other, but also with the many, smaller parties.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 47], "section_span": [49, 59], "content_span": [60, 653]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074662-0004-0001", "contents": "1957 Argentine Constitutional Assembly election, Background\nOne of the most prominent, the Socialist Party of Argentina, suffered from its own internal divisions. Am\u00e9rico Ghioldi led those who supported retribution for the harassment that had been inflicted on them during Per\u00f3n's rule, while Alfredo Palacios opposed such action. The elections \u2013 the first since Per\u00f3n's deposal \u2013 were narrowly \"won\" by blank votes: Voters cast about 2,116,000 of these, besting the UCR-P's total by 10,000 and resulting in one of the highest such incidences (25%) in Argentine electoral history.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 47], "section_span": [49, 59], "content_span": [60, 580]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074662-0005-0000", "contents": "1957 Argentine Constitutional Assembly election, Background\nUltimately, the narrowly divided convention in Santa Fe resulted in deadlock when the UCRI walked out over the imminent reinsertion of Per\u00f3n's Constitutional Article 40 (which nationalized energy resources). His Article 15 \u2013 which included social guarantees \u2013 was approved, however, before the assembly was adjourned after two months, on November 14.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 47], "section_span": [49, 59], "content_span": [60, 410]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074663-0000-0000", "contents": "1957 Argentine Grand Prix\nThe 1957 Argentine Grand Prix was a Formula One motor race held on 13 January 1957 at the Buenos Aires circuit. It was race 1 of 8 in the 1957 World Championship of Drivers.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [25, 25], "content_span": [26, 199]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074663-0001-0000", "contents": "1957 Argentine Grand Prix, Race report\nJuan Manuel Fangio had left Ferrari for Maserati to attempt to win a fifth world championship with the help of their much modified 250Fs. Even without him, Ferrari had one of the strongest driver lineups in history, with Mike Hawthorn moving from BRM to join Peter Collins, Luigi Musso and Eugenio Castellotti.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [27, 38], "content_span": [39, 349]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074663-0002-0000", "contents": "1957 Argentine Grand Prix, Race report\nSince the British teams were not present, Stirling Moss \u2014 who had signed for Vanwall \u2014 was part of the Maserati line-up with Jean Behra as third driver.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [27, 38], "content_span": [39, 191]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074663-0003-0000", "contents": "1957 Argentine Grand Prix, Race report\nFangio and Behra raced away into the distance as the rest of the field floundered. Moss's throttle linkage broke on the startline and he lost 10 laps having it fixed. The Ferraris were all suffering terribly with clutch problems, as both Collins and Musso burnt theirs out, whilst Hawthorn's was slipping badly.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [27, 38], "content_span": [39, 350]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074663-0004-0000", "contents": "1957 Argentine Grand Prix, Race report\nBoth Collins and Wolfgang von Trips took over Cesare Perdisa's Ferrari in an attempt to stop the Maseratis, but were powerless to stop them taking the first four places. Moss rejoined and set fastest lap on his way to 8th place.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [27, 38], "content_span": [39, 267]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074664-0000-0000", "contents": "1957 Argentine Primera Divisi\u00f3n\nThe 1957 Argentine Primera Divisi\u00f3n was the 66th season of top-flight football in Argentina. The season began on May 5 and ended on December 14.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [31, 31], "content_span": [32, 176]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074665-0000-0000", "contents": "1957 Arizona State Sun Devils football team\nThe 1957 Arizona State Sun Devils football team was an American football team that represented Arizona State College (later renamed Arizona State University) in the Border Conference during the 1957 NCAA University Division football season. In their third and final season under head coach Dan Devine, the Sun Devils compiled a 10\u20130 record (4\u20130 against Border opponents), won the conference championship, were ranked No. 12 in the final AP Poll, and outscored their opponents by a combined total of 397 to 66. They were the first team in school history to finish the season ranked in any poll.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 43], "section_span": [43, 43], "content_span": [44, 637]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074665-0001-0000", "contents": "1957 Arizona State Sun Devils football team\nThe team's statistical leaders included John Hangartner with 1,203 passing yards, Leon Burton with 1,126 rushing yards, and Clancy Osborne with 351 receiving yards. Burton led the country in both rushing yards and scoring (96 points). Teammate Bobby Mulgado ranked second in the country behind Burton with 93 points.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 43], "section_span": [43, 43], "content_span": [44, 360]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074665-0002-0000", "contents": "1957 Arizona State Sun Devils football team\nCecil Coleman, Tom Fletcher, Frank Kush, and Al Onofrio were assistant coaches. The team captains were halfback Bobby Mulgado and tight end Clarence Osborne. The Sun Devils finished 6-0 at home and 4-0 on the road. Home games were played at Goodwin Stadium in Tempe, Arizona.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 43], "section_span": [43, 43], "content_span": [44, 319]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074665-0003-0000", "contents": "1957 Arizona State Sun Devils football team, Game summaries\nIn the season opener on September 21, 1957, Arizona defeated Wichita State, 28-0, on the road. The Sun Devils held Wichita State to only nine passing yards and 61 total yards.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 43], "section_span": [45, 59], "content_span": [60, 235]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074665-0004-0000", "contents": "1957 Arizona State Sun Devils football team, Game summaries\nIn their home opener on September 28 at Goodwin Stadium, the Sun Devils defeated Idaho, 19-7.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 43], "section_span": [45, 59], "content_span": [60, 153]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074665-0005-0000", "contents": "1957 Arizona State Sun Devils football team, Game summaries\nOn October 5, Arizona State recorded a 44-6 road win over San Jose State.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 43], "section_span": [45, 59], "content_span": [60, 133]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074665-0006-0000", "contents": "1957 Arizona State Sun Devils football team, Game summaries\nThe Devils beat Hardin-Simmons, 35-26, in Tempe on October 12.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 43], "section_span": [45, 59], "content_span": [60, 122]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074665-0007-0000", "contents": "1957 Arizona State Sun Devils football team, Game summaries\nFollowing a bye week, Arizona State dominated San Diego State in a 66-0 road shutout victory on October 26. The Sun Devils scored nine rushing touchdowns and 10 touchdowns overall, tying single-game school records.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 43], "section_span": [45, 59], "content_span": [60, 274]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074665-0008-0000", "contents": "1957 Arizona State Sun Devils football team, Game summaries\nOn November 2, the Sun Devils delivered a 21-0 home shutout win against New Mexico State.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 43], "section_span": [45, 59], "content_span": [60, 149]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074665-0009-0000", "contents": "1957 Arizona State Sun Devils football team, Game summaries\nArizona State prevailed for a 43-7 road victory over Texas Western on November 9.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 43], "section_span": [45, 59], "content_span": [60, 141]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074665-0010-0000", "contents": "1957 Arizona State Sun Devils football team, Game summaries\nThe Devils beat Montana State, 53-13, at Goodwin Stadium on November 16. This was the first meeting between the two football programs.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 43], "section_span": [45, 59], "content_span": [60, 194]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074665-0011-0000", "contents": "1957 Arizona State Sun Devils football team, Game summaries\nOn November 23, Arizona State defeated Pacific, 41-0, in Tempe. It was the team's fourth shutout win of the season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 43], "section_span": [45, 59], "content_span": [60, 175]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074665-0012-0000", "contents": "1957 Arizona State Sun Devils football team, Game summaries\nIn the Arizona\u2013Arizona State football rivalry game played on November 30 at Goodwin Stadium, the Sun Devils dominated Arizona, 47-7.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 43], "section_span": [45, 59], "content_span": [60, 192]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074665-0013-0000", "contents": "1957 Arizona State Sun Devils football team, Roster\nArizona State usual offensive lineup included wide receiver Bill Spanko, left tackle Bart Jankans, left guard Al Carr, center Dave Fonner, right guard Ken Kerr, right tackle Tom Ford, tight end Clarence Osborne, quarterback John Hangartner, halfback Bobby Mulgado (#27), fullback Joe Belland, and wingback Leon Burton. Joe Drake, Charley Jones, Karl Kiefer, Fran Urban, John Vucichevich, and Paul Widmer were also on the roster.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 43], "section_span": [45, 51], "content_span": [52, 480]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074665-0014-0000", "contents": "1957 Arizona State Sun Devils football team, Individual and team statistics\nThe Sun Devils' defense set multiple school records during the 1957 season, including the lowest point total allowed in a season (66), fewest yards allowed per game (216.6), fewest points allowed per game (6.6), and fewest touchdowns allowed in a season (10). The team also recorded the fewest punts in a season (29) and fewest punt yards in a season (1,028 Yds). Quarterback John Hangartner set a single-season school record by averaging 12.03 passing yards per attempt.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 43], "section_span": [45, 75], "content_span": [76, 547]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074665-0015-0000", "contents": "1957 Arizona State Sun Devils football team, Awards and honors\nFour Arizona State players received first-team honors on the 1957 All-Border Conference football team: wingback Leon Burton, center Dave Fonner, right guard Ken Kerr, and wide receiver Bill Spanko. Burton also played in the 1957 East\u2013West Shrine Game.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 43], "section_span": [45, 62], "content_span": [63, 314]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074665-0016-0000", "contents": "1957 Arizona State Sun Devils football team, Awards and honors\nTeam awards were presented to halfback Bobby Mulgado (Sun Angel Award) and center Dave Fonner (Cecil Abonor Captains Award).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 43], "section_span": [45, 62], "content_span": [63, 187]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074666-0000-0000", "contents": "1957 Arizona State\u2013Flagstaff Lumberjacks football team\nThe 1957 Arizona State\u2013Flagstaff Lumberjacks football team was an American football team that represented Arizona State College at Flagstaff (now known as Northern Arizona University) in the Frontier Conference during the 1957 NAIA football season. In their second year under head coach Max Spilsbury, the Lumberjacks compiled an 8\u20131 record (3\u20130 against conference opponents), won the Frontier Conference championship, and outscored opponents by a total of 269 to 65.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 54], "section_span": [54, 54], "content_span": [55, 522]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074666-0001-0000", "contents": "1957 Arizona State\u2013Flagstaff Lumberjacks football team\nThe team played its home games at the newly-constructed Skidmore Stadium (later renamed Lumberjack Stadium) in Flagstaff, Arizona. The season opener against Fort Huachuca was the first game played in Skidmore Stadium.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 54], "section_span": [54, 54], "content_span": [55, 272]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074667-0000-0000", "contents": "1957 Arizona Wildcats football team\nThe 1957 Arizona Wildcats football team represented the University of Arizona in the Border Conference during the 1957 NCAA University Division football season. In their first season under head coach Ed Doherty, the Wildcats compiled a 1\u20138\u20131 record (0\u20134 against Border opponents) and were outscored by their opponents, 299 to 125. The team captains were Allen Polley and Jack Davis. The team played its home games in Arizona Stadium in Tucson, Arizona.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [35, 35], "content_span": [36, 488]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074667-0001-0000", "contents": "1957 Arizona Wildcats football team\nThe team's statistical leaders included Ralph Hunsaker with 717 passing yards, Tom Dunn with 341 rushing yards, and Gene Leek with 310 receiving yards.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [35, 35], "content_span": [36, 187]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074668-0000-0000", "contents": "1957 Arkansas Razorbacks football team\nThe 1957 Arkansas Razorbacks football team represented the University of Arkansas in the Southwest Conference (SWC) during the 1957 NCAA University Division football season. In their third year under head coach Jack Mitchell, the Razorbacks compiled a 6\u20134 record (2\u20134 against SWC opponents), finished in a tie for fifth place in the SWC, and outscored all opponents by a combined total of 187 to 134.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [38, 38], "content_span": [39, 439]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074668-0001-0000", "contents": "1957 Arkansas Razorbacks football team\nRazorback punter/fullback and co-captain Gerald Nesbitt was fourth in the nation in yards per punt, with 42.0.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [38, 38], "content_span": [39, 149]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074669-0000-0000", "contents": "1957 Army Cadets football team\nThe 1957 Army Cadets football team represented the United States Military Academy in the 1957 NCAA University Division football season. In their 17th year under head coach Earl Blaik, the independent Cadets compiled a 7\u20132 record and outscored their opponents 251\u00a0to\u00a0129.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [30, 30], "content_span": [31, 301]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074669-0001-0000", "contents": "1957 Army Cadets football team\nIn the annual Army\u2013Navy Game at Philadelphia, the Cadets lost 14\u20130 to the Midshipmen; Army's other loss was in the same stadium, by two points to Notre Dame in mid-October.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [30, 30], "content_span": [31, 203]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074669-0002-0000", "contents": "1957 Army Cadets football team\nTwo Army players were honored on the All-America Team; sophomore back Bob Anderson was a consensus first-team selection, and center Jim Kernan was a second-team selection of the International News Service (INS).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [30, 30], "content_span": [31, 242]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074670-0000-0000", "contents": "1957 Assam Legislative Assembly election\nElections to the Assam Legislative Assembly were held on February 25, 1957. 312 candidates contested for the 94 constituencies in the Assembly. There were 14 two-member constituencies and 80 single-member constituencies.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [40, 40], "content_span": [41, 261]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074671-0000-0000", "contents": "1957 Atlantic hurricane season\nThe 1957 Atlantic hurricane season featured one of the longest-travelling tropical cyclones in the Atlantic basin, Hurricane Carrie. Nevertheless, the season was generally inactive, with eight tropical storms \u2013 two of which went unnamed \u2013 and three hurricanes, two of which intensified further to attain major hurricane intensity. The season officially began on June\u00a015 and ended on November\u00a015, though the year's first tropical cyclone developed prior to the start of the season on June\u00a08. The final storm dissipated on October\u00a027, well before the official end of the season. The strongest hurricane of the year was Carrie, which reached the equivalent of a Category 4\u00a0hurricane on the Saffir\u2013Simpson hurricane scale on two separate occasions in the open Atlantic; Carrie later caused the sinking of the German ship Pamir southwest of the Azores, resulting in 80\u00a0deaths.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [30, 30], "content_span": [31, 902]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074671-0001-0000", "contents": "1957 Atlantic hurricane season\nIn total, the season resulted in at least 513\u00a0fatalities and $152.5\u00a0million in damages. Hurricane Audrey was the season's most destructive and deadly storm, causing 416\u00a0deaths and about $150\u00a0million in damages. Audrey made landfall just east of Sabine Pass, Texas, in the U.S. state of Louisiana as a strong Category\u00a03 hurricane in late June. Three other tropical storms in the year made landfalls along the Gulf Coast of the United States, bringing heavy rains that resulted in widespread flooding across much of the Southeastern United States.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [30, 30], "content_span": [31, 576]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074671-0001-0001", "contents": "1957 Atlantic hurricane season\nThe highest rainfall total measured associated with a tropical cyclone was 18.39\u00a0in (467\u00a0mm) in Quarantine, Louisiana, during Tropical Storm Esther. However, an unofficial reading of 19\u00a0in (480\u00a0mm) was measured in an unknown location in the Florida Panhandle during Tropical Storm One. The year's other tropical systems curved out to sea without causing much impact. After the season, the name Audrey was retired.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [30, 30], "content_span": [31, 444]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074671-0002-0000", "contents": "1957 Atlantic hurricane season, Season summary\nThe Atlantic hurricane season officially began on June\u00a015, 1957. It was a below-average season in which eight\u00a0tropical cyclones formed, of which three\u00a0became hurricanes. Of these hurricanes, two\u00a0became major hurricanes. In an average season, ten\u00a0tropical cyclones form, of which five become hurricanes. Five\u00a0of the season's eight\u00a0tropical cyclones developed in the Gulf of Mexico, the most since the 1936 season, in which six\u00a0formed in the gulf. The first tropical storm of the season formed on June\u00a08, a week before the official start of the hurricane season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 46], "content_span": [47, 607]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074671-0002-0001", "contents": "1957 Atlantic hurricane season, Season summary\nHowever, the first named storm, Audrey, formed afterwards, on June\u00a025; these two storms were the only to form in June during the season. July featured no Atlantic tropical cyclones. Tropical Storm Bertha was the only system to form during August, developing in the Gulf of Mexico. Despite warm sea surface temperatures (SSTs) in the tropical Atlantic, no storms formed during the month, below the climatological average of one. The low monthly activity was in part due to an unfavorable wind pattern which prevailed across the Atlantic for much of the month.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 46], "content_span": [47, 605]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074671-0002-0002", "contents": "1957 Atlantic hurricane season, Season summary\nIn September, however, conditions for tropical cyclogenesis were more favorable, with concomitant cyclonic activity. Four\u00a0storms formed, of which two attained hurricane strength, higher than the mean activity of the last 70\u00a0Septembers. By contrast, only one\u00a0tropical storm formed in October, below the average of two in the month. This tropical storm dissipated on October\u00a027, 16\u00a0days before the official end of the hurricane season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 46], "content_span": [47, 480]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074671-0003-0000", "contents": "1957 Atlantic hurricane season, Season summary\nFive\u00a0tropical cyclones made landfall during the hurricane season, including one\u00a0hurricane. All of these storms made landfall on the Gulf Coast of the United States. Property damage that resulted from cyclone-related impacts totaled to $152\u00a0million in the United States, with most caused by Hurricane Audrey, which made landfall near the border between Texas and Louisiana. 513\u00a0deaths were also caused by tropical storms during the season, with 416\u00a0deaths attributable to Hurricane Audrey.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 46], "content_span": [47, 535]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074671-0004-0000", "contents": "1957 Atlantic hurricane season, Season summary\nThe season's activity was reflective with an accumulated cyclone energy\u00a0(ACE) rating of 84, which is categorized as being \"near normal.\" However, this was under the 1950\u20132000 average of 96.1. ACE is, broadly speaking, a measure of the power of hurricanes multiplied by the length of time it existed, so storms that last a long time, as well as particularly strong hurricanes, have high ACEs. It is only calculated for full advisories on tropical cyclones with winds exceeding 39\u00a0mph (63\u00a0km/h), which is tropical storm strength.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 46], "content_span": [47, 574]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074671-0005-0000", "contents": "1957 Atlantic hurricane season, Systems, Tropical Storm One\nAn area of disturbed weather accompanied by low barometric pressure was first identified near the Yucat\u00e1n Peninsula on June\u00a07. Reports from the following day in the region reported pressures that were indicative of a developing tropical cyclone, and at 06:00\u00a0UTC, the disturbance attained tropical storm strength, the first of the season. Though hurricane reconnaissance flights could not locate a well-defined center, ship observations showed that the tropical storm was moving quickly to the northeast.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 59], "content_span": [60, 564]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074671-0005-0001", "contents": "1957 Atlantic hurricane season, Systems, Tropical Storm One\nDue to its fast forward motion, the storm gained little in organization and made landfall near Port Leon, Florida, on June\u00a09 with winds of 50\u00a0mph (85\u00a0km/h). However, the system gradually strengthened as it crossed the Florida peninsula, reentering the North Atlantic later that day. On June\u00a010, the storm reached peak winds of 65\u00a0mph (100\u00a0km/h) prior to becoming an extratropical storm. The post-tropical cyclone then strengthened and moved erratically in open seas before entirely dissipating on June\u00a015.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 59], "content_span": [60, 565]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074671-0006-0000", "contents": "1957 Atlantic hurricane season, Systems, Tropical Storm One\nDespite the tropical storm's fast passage over land, heavy rainfall was reported, officially peaking at 14.95\u00a0in (380\u00a0mm) in Live Oak, Florida. However, unofficial reports of at least 19\u00a0in (480\u00a0mm) of rain were collected. In Perry, Florida, 100\u2013200\u00a0families were evacuated due to the floodwater. Field crops, including tobacco and watermelon, were damaged, with flood damage estimated at $30,000. The storm also spawned ten tornadoes, with nine in northeastern Florida and one on Georgia's Jekyll Island. All of these tornadoes were relatively weak and caused minor damage, totaling to $12,000.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 59], "content_span": [60, 655]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074671-0006-0001", "contents": "1957 Atlantic hurricane season, Systems, Tropical Storm One\nAt the coast, the tropical storm's strong winds generated waves 2\u20133\u00a0ft (0.61\u20130.91\u00a0m) high, which caused moderate damage. Though located south of where the storm made landfall, buildings and roads along the Tampa Bay Area waterfront were flooded by the waves. The cabin cruiser Kinnebar capsized in the Gulf of Mexico due to the waves, and five of the seven crew on board drowned; these were the only deaths associated with the system. Coastal damages due to storm surge amounted to $10,000, and overall the storm caused $52,000\u00a0in damages across the southeastern United States.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 59], "content_span": [60, 637]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074671-0007-0000", "contents": "1957 Atlantic hurricane season, Systems, Hurricane Audrey\nAn ill-defined tropical wave was first identified in the Caribbean Sea on June\u00a020, and moved westward into the Bay of Campeche. The disturbance slowly strengthened as it developed a low pressure system. A nearby trough aided the intensification of the system, and it developed into a tropical depression on June\u00a024, while remaining generally stationary in the Bay of Campeche. Situated in an area of favorable upper-air divergence and warm waters, the depression intensified into Tropical Storm Audrey about six hours later. Audrey began to accelerate northward due to troughing in the upper-levels in the atmosphere.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 57], "content_span": [58, 675]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074671-0007-0001", "contents": "1957 Atlantic hurricane season, Systems, Hurricane Audrey\nThe storm became a hurricane late on September\u00a025. Audrey intensified quicker while in the northwestern Gulf of Mexico, reaching peak intensity as a Category\u00a03 hurricane with winds of 125\u00a0mph (200\u00a0km/h) on June\u00a027. Audrey made landfall at this intensity in extreme southwestern Louisiana very shortly thereafter. The hurricane quickly weakened as it moved inland, becoming an extratropical cyclone by June\u00a028. The extratropical remnants soon dissipated over the Northeastern United States.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 57], "content_span": [58, 547]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074671-0008-0000", "contents": "1957 Atlantic hurricane season, Systems, Hurricane Audrey\nHurricane Audrey caused widespread impacts across a wide swath of the United States and Canada. The storm's worst effects were felt in Louisiana, where the storm caused $120\u00a0million in damages. The highest storm surge measured with the hurricane was 12.4\u00a0ft (3.8\u00a0m), reported west of Cameron, Louisiana. The strong surge inundated much of the coast, killing much of the local wildlife and causing widespread property damage. Heavy rainfall also caused flooding, peaking at 10.63\u00a0in (270\u00a0mm) west of Basile, Louisiana. Rainfall was concentrated particularly in the Atchafalaya Basin.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 57], "content_span": [58, 640]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074671-0008-0001", "contents": "1957 Atlantic hurricane season, Systems, Hurricane Audrey\nIn Texas, effects of the storm were much less severe, but the storm still caused $8\u00a0million in damages, primarily as a result of strong winds. Further inland, the weakening hurricane spawned tornadoes and caused additional flooding in conjunction with a frontal boundary. The effects of Audrey were felt as far north as Canada, where 15\u00a0people died due to the strong winds and heavy rain. In total, the storm caused $152\u00a0million in damages and at least 416\u00a0deaths.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 57], "content_span": [58, 522]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074671-0009-0000", "contents": "1957 Atlantic hurricane season, Systems, Tropical Storm Bertha\nA weak extratropical low entered the Gulf of Mexico on August\u00a06 and drifted slowly westward. The system slowly organized, developing into a tropical depression on August\u00a08 about 100\u00a0mi (160\u00a0km) southeast of the Mississippi River Delta. Moving westward, the depression intensified into Tropical Storm Bertha later on August\u00a08. Bertha then turned northwestward and quickly organized; the system attained its peak intensity with 65\u00a0mph (105\u00a0km/h) and an estimated minimum pressure of 998\u00a0mbar (hPa; 29.47\u00a0inHg) on August\u00a09. Early on August\u00a010, Bertha came ashore near Cameron, Louisiana. at the same intensity. After landfall, the storm moved northward due to a strong high-pressure system and weakened over land, before degenerating into a remnant low at 0600\u00a0UTC on August\u00a011 over Oklahoma. The storm's remnants later moved across the U.S. Interior Highlands before dissipating.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 62], "content_span": [63, 940]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074671-0010-0000", "contents": "1957 Atlantic hurricane season, Systems, Tropical Storm Bertha\nIn the Gulf of Mexico, 1,350\u00a0workers on offshore oil drilling platforms were evacuated in preparation for the storm. The oil drilling tender Murmanill No. 1 sunk due to the strong waves, though the two people on board at the time were evacuated by helicopter. At the coast, the maximum storm surge height measured was 4.7\u00a0ft (1.4\u00a0m) at the Schooner Bayou Control Structure. Bertha dropped heavy rainfall primarily as a remnant low across much of The Ozarks.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 62], "content_span": [63, 520]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074671-0010-0001", "contents": "1957 Atlantic hurricane season, Systems, Tropical Storm Bertha\nRainfall peaked at 13.77\u00a0in (350\u00a0mm) near Damascus, Arkansas, which set a 24-hour rainfall record for the city and made August\u00a01957 the wettest month on record. Across Arkansas, the heavy rains triggered flash floods after numerous rivers exceeded flood stage. The flash floods caused property damage in cities adjacent to rivers. Though damage estimates were difficult to accurately obtain, four Arkansas counties reported combined losses of $925,000, and two deaths were reported.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 62], "content_span": [63, 545]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074671-0011-0000", "contents": "1957 Atlantic hurricane season, Systems, Hurricane Carrie\nAn easterly tropical wave spawned a tropical depression near the Cabo Verde Islands on September\u00a02. The depression moved generally west-northwestward and became Tropical Storm Carrie on September\u00a03, before becoming a hurricane on September\u00a05. Carrie intensified further, before reaching peak intensity on early September\u00a08 as a Category\u00a04 hurricane with maximum sustained winds of 140\u00a0mph (225\u00a0km/h) in the open Atlantic Ocean. The hurricane curved northward and fluctuated in intensity, bottoming out at Category\u00a01 intensity early on September\u00a010.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 57], "content_span": [58, 606]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074671-0011-0001", "contents": "1957 Atlantic hurricane season, Systems, Hurricane Carrie\nAfter turning northward on September\u00a011, the storm began re-strengthening, reaching a secondary peak as a Category\u00a03 hurricane on September\u00a013. However, the storm soon began slowly weakening, falling to Category\u00a02 intensity shortly before curving west-northwestward on September\u00a014. Although Carrie threatened Bermuda, the storm passed northeast of the island and then turned in a general eastward direction by September\u00a017. Carrie accelerated northeastward by September\u00a022 and passed through the Azores over of close to Terceira Island as a Category\u00a01 hurricane. The storm transitioned into an extratropical cyclone on September\u00a023, prior to affecting areas of the British Isles. The extratropical system dissipated near the southwestern tip of England on September\u00a025.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 57], "content_span": [58, 828]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074671-0012-0000", "contents": "1957 Atlantic hurricane season, Systems, Hurricane Carrie\nDue to its distance away from any major land masses, Carrie caused relatively minor damage along its path. On September\u00a016, the hurricane passed well north of Bermuda, causing minimal damage despite its intensity at the time, though hurricane reconnaissance flights in the area were postponed due to damage sustained by one of the aircraft. As it was transitioning into an extratropical cyclone southwest of the Azores, the German ship Pamir encountered the storm and capsized on September\u00a021, resulting in the deaths of 80\u00a0crew members on board. On September\u00a023, Carrie completed its extratropical transition. As an extratropical storm, Carrie brought strong storm surge and heavy rain to the British Isles, which claimed three lives. The hurricane's long duration and path in open water also helped it attain a number of Atlantic hurricane records.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 57], "content_span": [58, 908]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074671-0013-0000", "contents": "1957 Atlantic hurricane season, Systems, Tropical Storm Debbie\nOn September\u00a05, a weak easterly wave moved into the Gulf of Mexico from the Caribbean Sea due to the influence of an upper-level trough. The wave organized and spawned a weak area of circulation which developed into a tropical storm by 0600\u00a0UTC on September\u00a07. Moving steadily towards the northeast at roughly 15\u00a0mph (25\u00a0km/h), Debbie only marginally strengthened due to the presence of cooler air entrainment. Late on September\u00a08, Debbie made landfall near Fort Walton Beach, Florida as a minimal tropical storm with winds of 40\u00a0mph (65\u00a0km/h). A minimum barometric pressure of 1005\u00a0mbar (hPa; 29.68\u00a0inHg) was recorded in Pensacola, Florida. The tropical storm weakened as it moved over land, degenerating to a tropical depression on September\u00a09. The system became increasingly diffuse, and later merged with strong weather systems by 0600\u00a0UTC later that day.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 62], "content_span": [63, 922]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074671-0014-0000", "contents": "1957 Atlantic hurricane season, Systems, Tropical Storm Debbie\nOffshore, the tropical storm generated high tides 2.5\u20134\u00a0ft (0.76\u20131.22\u00a0m) above average in Apalachee Bay, located about 150\u00a0mi (240\u00a0km) east of where Debbie made landfall. The strong surf caused some localized flooding. In St. Marks, Florida, a station recorded maximum sustained winds of 40\u00a0mph (65\u00a0km/h), the highest measured in association with the storm. However, a station in Tampa, Florida recorded a peak wind gust of 52\u00a0mph (84\u00a0km/h) in a squall. Heavy rainfall caused widespread flooding, though rainfall was mostly beneficial to crops. Rainfall peaked at 11.26\u00a0in (286\u00a0mm) in Wewahitchka, Florida, while precipitation was reported as far north as Pennsylvania. The tropical storm only caused minor damage, but was indirectly responsible for four deaths.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 62], "content_span": [63, 825]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074671-0015-0000", "contents": "1957 Atlantic hurricane season, Systems, Tropical Storm Esther\nOn September\u00a012, a mid-level circulation area formed over Nicaragua and slowly drifted northeastward into the Gulf of Mexico. As it entered the Gulf, the system developed thunderstorm activity and an area of low pressure, and as a result the Weather Bureau began initiating advisories on a newly formed tropical depression on September\u00a016. The depression quickly intensified and attained tropical storm strength. Esther continued to strengthened, reaching a minimum pressure of 1000\u00a0mbar (hPa; 29.53\u00a0inHg) early on September\u00a018, as reported by a hurricane reconnaissance flight. Shortly thereafter, the large tropical storm peaked with sustained winds of 65\u00a0mph (105\u00a0km/h) as it made landfall to the southwest of Dulac, Louisiana. Esther weakened over land and later dissipated over the Mississippi Valley by 1200\u00a0UTC on September\u00a019.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 62], "content_span": [63, 897]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074671-0016-0000", "contents": "1957 Atlantic hurricane season, Systems, Tropical Storm Esther\nLike Tropical Storm Debbie, which had made landfall just a week prior in the same area, Esther's wind impacts were minimal. The strongest gust measured associated with the storm was 75\u00a0mph (121\u00a0km/h), as recorded at Pensacola International Airport. Other locations reported similar gusts and strong winds in squalls. Heavy rains persisted in the region well after Esther moved inland, resulting in high rainfall amounts. Rainfall peaked at 18.39\u00a0in (467\u00a0mm) in Quarantine, Louisiana, near the mouth of the Mississippi River. The heavy rains breached several levees, resulting in severe flooding, particularly in Buras, Louisiana. Although rainfall was beneficial in many places due to an existing drought, cotton, pecan, and peanut crops were damaged by the floods. While crop damage amounted to $1\u00a0million, property damage amounted to $1.5\u00a0million. Esther also caused three indirect deaths, all of which were in Louisiana.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 62], "content_span": [63, 986]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074671-0017-0000", "contents": "1957 Atlantic hurricane season, Systems, Hurricane Frieda\nOn September\u00a020, a low pressure area developed within the same frontal boundary that had curved Hurricane Carrie towards the Azores. Rapidly developing, the system was classified as a tropical depression at 1200\u00a0UTC later that day, southwest of Bermuda. Initially, the depression was ill-defined and was slowly moving to the southwest. The following day, the attached cold front dissipated, allowing for the system to intensify. The system was subsequently upgraded a tropical storm by September\u00a022, following a reconnaissance flight into the system which reported a minimum pressure of 1001\u00a0mbar (hPa; 29.56\u00a0inHg).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 57], "content_span": [58, 673]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074671-0017-0001", "contents": "1957 Atlantic hurricane season, Systems, Hurricane Frieda\nAt the time, however, Frieda was a small system with minimal shower activity. Gradually strengthening, Frieda reached an initial peak intensity with winds of 60\u00a0mph (95\u00a0km/h) later that day. Following the split of an upper-level ridge to the north, Frieda recurved towards the northeast the next day. As it sped to the northeast, a westerly shortwave progressed eastward, enhancing environmental conditions. As a result, the tropical storm began to quickly strengthen.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 57], "content_span": [58, 526]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074671-0017-0002", "contents": "1957 Atlantic hurricane season, Systems, Hurricane Frieda\nBy 1200\u00a0UTC on September\u00a025, Frieda attained hurricane strength, and reached peak intensity with winds of 80\u00a0mph (130\u00a0km/h) and a minimum pressure of 992\u00a0mbar (hPa; 29.30\u00a0inHg), as reported by the Canadian merchant ship Irvingbrook. However, a cold front associated with the shortwave encountered the hurricane, which caused it to transition into an extratropical cyclone on September\u00a026. Frieda's extratropical remnants later passed over Newfoundland. Though Frieda remained far from any land masses, a peak rainfall amount of 3.26\u00a0in (83\u00a0mm) was measured in Bermuda.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 57], "content_span": [58, 626]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074671-0018-0000", "contents": "1957 Atlantic hurricane season, Systems, Tropical Storm Eight\nOn October\u00a022, an area of thunderstorm activity developed north of the Lesser Antilles, and barometric pressures fell throughout the region. The following day, a cut-off low developed and strengthened along the edge of a trough extending from Bermuda. This justified the classification of the system as a tropical depression on October\u00a023, 500\u00a0mi (800\u00a0km) northeast of Puerto Rico. Moving towards the west, the depression attained tropical storm strength shortly after formation. A ship reported a minimum pressure of 999\u00a0mbar (hPa; 29.50\u00a0inHg) in the storm's vicinity.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 61], "content_span": [62, 631]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074671-0018-0001", "contents": "1957 Atlantic hurricane season, Systems, Tropical Storm Eight\nThe large system gradually strengthened the following day, reaching its peak intensity by 1800\u00a0UTC on October\u00a024. A ship reported a minimum pressure of 993\u00a0mbar (hPa; 29.33\u00a0inHg) early the next day, the lowest pressure measured in association with the tropical storm. At the same time, the tropical storm also recurved towards the northeast. Heading towards more northerly latitudes, a gradual weakening trend began, due to the presence of an extratropical system. The tropical storm was itself absorbed by the same system on October\u00a027. This storm may not have been named operationally due to a lack of discernible tropical characteristics.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 61], "content_span": [62, 703]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074671-0019-0000", "contents": "1957 Atlantic hurricane season, Storm names\nThe following names were used for tropical cyclones that reached at least tropical storm intensity in the North Atlantic in 1957. However, two of such storms, the first and last, went unnamed. The name Audrey would later be retired, only the seventh name to do so. Storms were named Audrey, Bertha, Carrie, Debbie, Esther, and Frieda for the first (and only, in the case of Audrey) time in 1957.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 43], "content_span": [44, 439]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074672-0000-0000", "contents": "1957 Auburn Tigers football team\nThe 1957 Auburn Tigers football team represented Auburn University in the 1957 NCAA University Division football season. It was the Tigers' 66th overall and 25th season as a member of the Southeastern Conference (SEC). The team was led by head coach Ralph \"Shug\" Jordan, in his seventh year, and played their home games at Cliff Hare Stadium in Auburn and Legion Field in Birmingham, Alabama. They finished their undefeated season (10\u20130 overall, 7\u20130 in the SEC) as SEC champion and national champion, as selected by NCAA-designated major selectors of Associated Press, Billingsley, Football Research, Helms, National Championship Foundation, Poling, Sagarin, Sagarin (ELO-Chess), and Williamson.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [32, 32], "content_span": [33, 728]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074672-0001-0000", "contents": "1957 Auburn Tigers football team\nOhio State was named the national champion by the Coaches' Poll, despite having 1 loss. This has led to questions as to whom the championship should really go to. Most writers chose Ohio State due to their Rose Bowl win over Oregon. This was the first of only two times in the history of the AP championship that it was awarded to a team on probation not allowed to participate in a bowl game (it would occur again in 1974 with Oklahoma).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [32, 32], "content_span": [33, 471]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074673-0000-0000", "contents": "1957 Auckland City mayoral by-election\nThe 1957 Auckland City mayoral by-election was held to fill the vacant position of Mayor of Auckland. The polling was conducted using the standard first-past-the-post electoral method.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [38, 38], "content_span": [39, 223]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074673-0001-0000", "contents": "1957 Auckland City mayoral by-election, Background\nThe by-election was triggered by the death of sitting Mayor Thomas Ashby. Five candidates put their names forward for the contest, with Deputy-Mayor Keith Buttle elected the new Mayor. Councillor Dove-Myer Robinson's United Independents (who had backed Ashby a year earlier) ticket chose to neither contest the election nor endorse a candidate.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 50], "content_span": [51, 395]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074674-0000-0000", "contents": "1957 Australian Championships\nThe 1957 Australian Championships was a tennis tournament that took place on outdoor Grass courts at the Kooyong Lawn Tennis Club, Melbourne, Australia from 17 January to 27 January. It was the 45th edition of the Australian Championships (now known as the Australian Open), the 13th held in Melbourne, and the first Grand Slam tournament of the year. The singles titles were taken by Ashley Cooper and Shirley Fry.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [29, 29], "content_span": [30, 445]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074674-0001-0000", "contents": "1957 Australian Championships, Champions, Men's Doubles\nNeale Fraser /  Lew Hoad defeated  Mal Anderson /  Ashley Cooper 6\u20133, 8\u20136, 6\u20134", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 55], "content_span": [56, 134]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074674-0002-0000", "contents": "1957 Australian Championships, Champions, Women's Doubles\nShirley Fry /  Althea Gibson defeated  Mary Bevis Hawton /  Fay Muller 6\u20132, 6\u20131", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 57], "content_span": [58, 137]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074674-0003-0000", "contents": "1957 Australian Championships, Champions, Mixed Doubles\nFay Muller  /  Mal Anderson defeated  Jill Langley /  Billy Knight 7\u20135, 3\u20136, 6\u20131", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 55], "content_span": [56, 136]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074675-0000-0000", "contents": "1957 Australian Championships \u2013 Men's Singles\nSecond-seeded Ashley Cooper defeated Neale Fraser 6\u20133, 9\u201311, 6\u20134, 6\u20132 in the final to win the Men's Singles tennis title at the 1957 Australian Championships.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 45], "section_span": [45, 45], "content_span": [46, 204]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074675-0001-0000", "contents": "1957 Australian Championships \u2013 Men's Singles, Seeds\nThe seeded players are listed below. Ashley Cooper is the champion; others show the round in which they were eliminated. It was a difficult championship for everyone involved, widely regarded as one of the championships in all Australian history.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 45], "section_span": [47, 52], "content_span": [53, 299]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074676-0000-0000", "contents": "1957 Australian Championships \u2013 Women's Singles\nFirst-seeded Shirley Fry defeated Althea Gibson 6\u20133, 6\u20134 in the final to win the Women's Singles tennis title at the 1957 Australian Championships and completed the career Grand Slam in singles.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 47], "section_span": [47, 47], "content_span": [48, 242]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074676-0001-0000", "contents": "1957 Australian Championships \u2013 Women's Singles, Seeds\nThe seeded players are listed below. Shirley Fry is the champion; others show the round in which they were eliminated.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 47], "section_span": [49, 54], "content_span": [55, 173]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074677-0000-0000", "contents": "1957 Australian Drivers' Championship\nThe 1957 Australian Drivers' Championship was a CAMS-sanctioned Australian motor racing title for drivers of Formula Libre cars. The championship was contested over a nine race series with the winner awarded the 1957 CAMS Gold Star. It was the first Australian Drivers' Championship and the first motor racing title to be decided over a series of races at Australian circuits.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [37, 37], "content_span": [38, 414]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074677-0001-0000", "contents": "1957 Australian Drivers' Championship\nThe series was won by Victorian racer Lex Davison driving a Ferrari 500/625. Davison dominated the championship, winning six of the nine races, including the series-opening 1957 Australian Grand Prix, to finish 19 points ahead of Tom Hawkes (Cooper T23 Bristol). The other drivers to win races were Murray Trenberth (Vincent 1000), Arnold Glass (HWM Jaguar) and Stan Jones (Maserati 250F).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [37, 37], "content_span": [38, 427]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074677-0002-0000", "contents": "1957 Australian Drivers' Championship, Points system\nChampionship points were awarded on an 8-5-3-2-1 basis for the first five places at each race.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [39, 52], "content_span": [53, 147]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074677-0003-0000", "contents": "1957 Australian Drivers' Championship, Points table\nAt the Australian Grand Prix race at Caversham Lex Davison shared the winning car with Bill Patterson and championship points were allotted in proportion to the laps driven by each.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [39, 51], "content_span": [52, 233]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074677-0004-0000", "contents": "1957 Australian Drivers' Championship, Championship name\nThe championship was referred to by the Confederation of Australian Motor Sport at the time simply as \"The CAMS Gold Star\". However the actual Gold Star medallion was inscribed with the words \"Champion Australian Driver\" and historical records published by CAMS use the term \"Australian Drivers' Championship\".", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [39, 56], "content_span": [57, 367]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074678-0000-0000", "contents": "1957 Australian Grand Prix\nThe 1957 Australian Grand Prix was a Formula Libre motor race held at Caversham Circuit, Western Australia on 4 March 1957. The race had 24 starters.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [26, 26], "content_span": [27, 176]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074678-0001-0000", "contents": "1957 Australian Grand Prix\nIt was the twenty second Australian Grand Prix. Lex Davison won his second AGP a victory he shared after using Bill Patterson as a relief driver. The extreme heat of the Western Australian summer saw several teams use two drivers over the 245 kilometre race distance.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [26, 26], "content_span": [27, 294]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074678-0002-0000", "contents": "1957 Australian Grand Prix\nThe race was also the first ever round of an Australian Drivers' Championship, which was held for the first time in 1957.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [26, 26], "content_span": [27, 148]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074679-0000-0000", "contents": "1957 Austrian presidential election\nPresidential elections were held in Austria on 5 May 1957. There were only two candidates, with Adolf Sch\u00e4rf of the Socialist Party winning with 51.1% of the vote. Voter turnout was 97.2%.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [35, 35], "content_span": [36, 224]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074680-0000-0000", "contents": "1957 BC Lions season\nThe 1957 BC Lions finished the season in fourth place in the W.I.F.U. with a 4\u201311\u20131 record.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [20, 20], "content_span": [21, 112]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074680-0001-0000", "contents": "1957 BC Lions season\nBefore the season, many media sources predicted the Lions to be playoff bound, however, after going through six different quarterbacks and an eight-game losing streak, the Lions finished out of the playoffs yet again.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [20, 20], "content_span": [21, 238]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074680-0002-0000", "contents": "1957 BC Lions season\nThe biggest appointment during the 1957 season was the hiring of former Montreal Alouette Herb Capozzi as general manager. Over nine seasons, Capozzi would eventually build the expansion doormats into a powerhouse that would appear in the Grey Cup in 1963 and win it in 1964.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [20, 20], "content_span": [21, 296]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074680-0003-0000", "contents": "1957 BC Lions season\nWIFU all-stars were running back By Bailey and Ed Sharkey at both offensive guard and linebacker.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [20, 20], "content_span": [21, 118]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074681-0000-0000", "contents": "1957 BRDC International Trophy\nThe 9th BRDC International Trophy was a motor race, run to Formula One rules, held on 14 September 1957 at Silverstone Circuit, Northamptonshire. The race was run over two 15 lap heats and a 35 lap final, and was won by French driver Jean Behra in a BRM P25.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [30, 30], "content_span": [31, 289]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074681-0001-0000", "contents": "1957 BRDC International Trophy\nThe field also included several Formula Two cars, highest finisher being Roy Salvadori in a Cooper T43, finishing in eighth place overall.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [30, 30], "content_span": [31, 169]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074681-0002-0000", "contents": "1957 BRDC International Trophy, Results, Entry list\nNote: a blue background indicates a car running under Formula 2 regulations.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 51], "content_span": [52, 128]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074681-0003-0000", "contents": "1957 BRDC International Trophy, Results, Entry list\n1Roy Salvadori drove the works' Cooper number 35, which had been entered for John Cooper, who did not take part.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 51], "content_span": [52, 164]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074681-0004-0000", "contents": "1957 BRDC International Trophy, Results, Entry list\n2Jack Brabham drove car number 14 in place of Salvadori.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 51], "content_span": [52, 108]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074681-0005-0000", "contents": "1957 BRDC International Trophy, Results, Entry list\n3Graham Hill drove car number 34 in place of Brabham.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 51], "content_span": [52, 105]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074681-0006-0000", "contents": "1957 BRDC International Trophy, Results, Heats\n1 Tony Brooks took over Fairman's car in order to qualify for the final", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 46], "content_span": [47, 118]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074681-0007-0000", "contents": "1957 BRDC International Trophy, Results, Heats\n2 Cliff Allison took over Taylor's car in order to qualify for the final", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 46], "content_span": [47, 119]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074681-0008-0000", "contents": "1957 BRDC International Trophy, Results, Final\nNote: a blue background indicates a car running under Formula 2 regulations.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 46], "content_span": [47, 123]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074682-0000-0000", "contents": "1957 BYU Cougars football team\nThe 1957 BYU Cougars football team was an American football team that represented Brigham Young University in the Skyline Conference during the 1957 NCAA University Division football season. In their second season under head coach Hal Kopp, the Cougars compiled a 5\u20133\u20132 record (5\u20131\u20131 against Skyline opponents), finished second in the Skyline, and were outscored by a total of 138 to 134.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [30, 30], "content_span": [31, 419]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074682-0001-0000", "contents": "1957 BYU Cougars football team\nThe team's statistical leaders included Carroll Johnston with 447 passing yards, Weldon Jackson with 605 rushing yards and 605 yards of total offense, Steve Campora with 19 points, and R. K. Brown with 183 receiving yards.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [30, 30], "content_span": [31, 253]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074683-0000-0000", "contents": "1957 Ball State Cardinals football team\nThe 1957 Ball State Cardinals football team was an American football team that represented Ball State Teachers College (later renamed Ball State University) in the Indiana Collegiate Conference (ICC) during the 1957 NCAA College Division football season. In its second season under head coach Jim Freeman, the team compiled a 2\u20135\u20131 record (2\u20133\u20131 against ICC opponents) and finished in fourth place out of seven teams in the ICC.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [39, 39], "content_span": [40, 468]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074684-0000-0000", "contents": "1957 Ballon d'Or\nThe 1957 Ballon d'Or, given to the best football player in Europe as judged by a panel of sports journalists from UEFA member countries, was awarded to Alfredo Di St\u00e9fano on 17 December 1957.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 16], "section_span": [16, 16], "content_span": [17, 208]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074685-0000-0000", "contents": "1957 Baltimore Colts season\nThe 1957 Baltimore Colts season was the fifth season for the team in the National Football League. Under fourth-year head coach Weeb Ewbank, the Colts posted a record of 7 wins and 5 losses, third in the Western Conference, one game behind Detroit and San Francisco.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [27, 27], "content_span": [28, 294]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074685-0001-0000", "contents": "1957 Baltimore Colts season\nWith two games to play, Baltimore (7\u20133) was in first place with a one-game lead, but dropped their final two games on the West Coast.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [27, 27], "content_span": [28, 161]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074685-0002-0000", "contents": "1957 Baltimore Colts season\nThis was the first season in which the Colts wore their trademark \"horseshoe\" logo in the middle of their helmet. The team had experimented with placement of the logo on other parts of the helmet, but 1957 was the year in which they used the logo that the Colts franchise still uses.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [27, 27], "content_span": [28, 311]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074685-0003-0000", "contents": "1957 Baltimore Colts season, Regular season, Standings\nNote: Tie games were not officially counted in the standings until 1972.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 54], "content_span": [55, 127]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074686-0000-0000", "contents": "1957 Baltimore Orioles season\nThe 1957 Baltimore Orioles season involved the Orioles finishing 5th in the American League with a record of 76 wins and 76 losses.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [29, 29], "content_span": [30, 161]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074686-0001-0000", "contents": "1957 Baltimore Orioles season, Player stats, Batting, Starters by position\nNote: Pos = Position; G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 74], "content_span": [75, 199]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074686-0002-0000", "contents": "1957 Baltimore Orioles season, Player stats, Batting, Other batters\nNote: G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 67], "content_span": [68, 176]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074686-0003-0000", "contents": "1957 Baltimore Orioles season, Player stats, Pitching, Starting pitchers\nNote: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 72], "content_span": [73, 183]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074686-0004-0000", "contents": "1957 Baltimore Orioles season, Player stats, Pitching, Other pitchers\nNote: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 69], "content_span": [70, 180]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074686-0005-0000", "contents": "1957 Baltimore Orioles season, Player stats, Pitching, Relief pitchers\nNote: G = Games pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; SV = Saves; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 70], "content_span": [71, 171]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074687-0000-0000", "contents": "1957 Bandy World Championship\nThe 1957 Bandy World Championship was contested among three men's bandy playing nations and was the first ever Bandy World Championship. Norway declined to take part due to the Soviet invasion of Hungary the year before.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [29, 29], "content_span": [30, 250]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074687-0001-0000", "contents": "1957 Bandy World Championship\nThe championship was played in Finland from 28 February to 3 March 1957, as part of the fifty year anniversary celebrations for the Ball Association of Finland, which at the time was the governing body for bandy in Finland. The tournament was officially opened by President of the republic Urho Kekkonen. All games, which were only three, were played at the Helsinki Olympic Stadium. The Soviet Union became champions.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [29, 29], "content_span": [30, 448]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074688-0000-0000", "contents": "1957 Bank Rate Tribunal\nThe Bank Rate Tribunal was a 1957 United Kingdom tribunal established under the Tribunals of Inquiry (Evidence) Act 1921 to inquire into the allegations that an increase in Official Bank Rate had been improperly discussed ahead of its public announcement by the Bank of England. Rumours and allegations had circulated that some financiers had taken advantage of their advance knowledge of a planned Bank rate rise, and so the inquiry primarily sought to establish whether there had been a form of insider trading.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [23, 23], "content_span": [24, 537]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074688-0001-0000", "contents": "1957 Bank Rate Tribunal\nThe Tribunal took evidence in the winter of 1957, under the chairmanship of Lord Justice Parker, with Milner Holland CBE QC and Geoffrey de Paiva Veale QC. It reported on 21 January 1958. It ultimately concluded that there was \"no justification for allegations that information about the raising of the Bank Rate was improperly disclosed to any person\". The inquiry attracted some attention in the winter of 1957 as details of the interactions amongst financiers, and between bankers, Bank of England officials, and government figures became public, shining some light on how the City of London operated. The Report particularly attracted attention through a two-day debate in the House of Commons in February 1958, and the press reaction to the Report was \"distinctly critical\", with suggestions that the Report was a whitewash.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [23, 23], "content_span": [24, 853]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074688-0002-0000", "contents": "1957 Bank Rate Tribunal, Background\nThe Bank Rate had been increased in September 1957, but rumours rapidly circulated around the City of London that some financiers - who simultaneously held positions within the Bank of England and within private financial companies - took advantage of advance warning of the rate rise to sell gilt-edged securities ahead of the public announcement.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 35], "content_span": [36, 384]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074688-0002-0001", "contents": "1957 Bank Rate Tribunal, Background\nThe rumours gained credibility when the diplomat Laurence Pumphrey reported a conversation concerning a possible leak of the proposed rate rise; his cousin, who worked as a secretary in Conservative Central Office, told him that the proposed rate rise was common knowledge in her office before the public announcement. In order to ensure that the matter was properly investigated, he reported the conversation to the Labour Opposition rather than to his superiors at the Foreign and Commonwealth Office.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 35], "content_span": [36, 539]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074688-0003-0000", "contents": "1957 Bank Rate Tribunal, Background\nThe Shadow Chancellor Harold Wilson pushed hard for an independent inquiry, but the Prime Minister Harold Macmillan was adamant than an inquiry be led by his Cabinet colleague the Lord Chancellor Viscount Kilmuir. Pressure continued to mount on the Government, and there was uproar in the House of Commons when Labour MP Leslie Plummer accused the Government of leaking the planned rate rise to The Daily Telegraph and the Financial Times. Macmillan agreed to have an independent inquiry under Lord Justice Parker.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 35], "content_span": [36, 550]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074688-0004-0000", "contents": "1957 Bank Rate Tribunal, The tribunal\nThe inquiry heard evidence through the winter of 1957, and reported its findings on 21 January 1958. Much of the questioning was undertaken by the Attorney General Reginald Manningham-Buller. As a member of the Government, he directed the line of his questioning primarily at City of London financiers, rather than at the Government. This provoked consternation amongst many of the City's bankers, who believed that the Government was trying to avoid the inquiry's scrutiny, and some believed that Government sought to scapegoat them.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 37], "content_span": [38, 572]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074688-0004-0001", "contents": "1957 Bank Rate Tribunal, The tribunal\nMuch of the questioning focused on two non-executive directors of the Bank of England who also held positions in private financial companies. One of these two non-executive directors (Hugh Kindersley) had interests in Lazard, Royal Exchange Assurance, and the British Match Company, which between them had sold \u00a32.5 million of gilts in the two days before the official rate rise announcement. The sales were interpreted as a sharp change in the strategies of those businesses only days before the public announcement.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 37], "content_span": [38, 555]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074688-0005-0000", "contents": "1957 Bank Rate Tribunal, The tribunal\nThe proceedings aroused a degree of public interest into what The New Yorker called \"a revealing glimpse into a special, jealously guarded world\" that involved euphemistic conversations on Scottish grouse moors during shooting parties, cabled messages to Hong Kong, and the casual movement of millions of pounds of securities. There was interest as to how efficiently and responsibly the Bank of England was managed, and speculation that its senior directors holding simultaneous positions in private financial firms constituted a conflict of interest.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 37], "content_span": [38, 590]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074688-0006-0000", "contents": "1957 Bank Rate Tribunal, The report\nPublished on 21 January 1958, Lord Justice Parker's report found that there was \"no justification for allegations that information about the raising of the Bank Rate was improperly disclosed to any person\" and that \"in every case the information disclosed was treated by the recipient as confidential and ... no use of such information was made for the purpose of private gain\". The exoneration of everybody involved - government, Bank of England, and the individual financiers - attracted critical press comment, and has since been interpreted as a possible whitewash.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 35], "content_span": [36, 605]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074688-0007-0000", "contents": "1957 Bank Rate Tribunal, Aftermath\nAlthough the inquiry exonerated all involved, the details of the interactions between private financial institutions, the Bank of England, and the government created quite a public stir. The economist and journalist Andrew Schonfield criticised the Bank of England as an outmoded and sluggishly amateurish operation, and Labour continued to criticise the Macmillan Government for its perceived cosiness with high finance.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 34], "content_span": [35, 456]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074688-0008-0000", "contents": "1957 Bank Rate Tribunal, Aftermath\nThe inquiry ran concurrent to the ongoing Committee on the Working of the Monetary System under the chairmanship of the esteemed Lord Radcliffe, which produced the Radcliffe Report in 1959. Although the extent of the report's impact is debated, it was a further focus of dissatisfaction with the monetary system as it was operating in the 1950s. The Radcliffe Report made several recommendations regarding reform of the Bank of England, particularly with regard as to how Official Bank Rate was to be set and how decisions in its changes were to be communicated.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 34], "content_span": [35, 597]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074688-0008-0001", "contents": "1957 Bank Rate Tribunal, Aftermath\nFor example, part-time and non-executive directors of the Bank of England were to be excluded from discussions of Bank Rate. Although few of the recommendations of the Radcliffe Report were immediately implemented by government, the report's findings reinforced a discontent with the monetary system that had also been expressed throughout the proceedings of the Bank Rate Tribunal.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 34], "content_span": [35, 417]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074689-0000-0000", "contents": "1957 Barbarians tour of Canada\nThe 1957 Barbarians tour of Canada was a series of matches played in April May 1957 in Canada by Barbarian F.C.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [30, 30], "content_span": [31, 142]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074689-0001-0000", "contents": "1957 Barbarians tour of Canada\nIt was an historical tour, the first outside Great Britain for the invitational club.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [30, 30], "content_span": [31, 116]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074690-0000-0000", "contents": "1957 Baseball Hall of Fame balloting\nElections to the Baseball Hall of Fame for 1957 followed a system established after the 1956 election. The baseball writers would vote on recent players only in even-number years (until 1967). The Veterans Committee met in closed sessions to consider executives, managers, umpires, and earlier major league players. It selected outfielder Sam Crawford, who had 2961 hits from 1899 to 1917, and Joe McCarthy, who managed the New York Yankees to eight pennants in sixteen seasons, with seven World Series  titles including four consecutive championships (1936\u20131939). A formal induction ceremony was held in Cooperstown, New York, on July 22, 1957, with Commissioner of Baseball Ford Frick presiding.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [36, 36], "content_span": [37, 734]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074691-0000-0000", "contents": "1957 Bay of Plenty by-election\nThe Bay of Plenty by-election 1957 was a by-election held in the Bay of Plenty electorate in the Bay of Plenty during the term of the 31st New Zealand Parliament on 6 April 1957.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [30, 30], "content_span": [31, 209]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074691-0001-0000", "contents": "1957 Bay of Plenty by-election\nThe by-election was caused by the resignation of incumbent MP Bill Sullivan of the National Party for personal reasons on 13 February 1957.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [30, 30], "content_span": [31, 170]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074691-0002-0000", "contents": "1957 Bay of Plenty by-election\nThe by-election was won by Percy Allen, also of the National Party. Both Donald C. Butler, Chairman of the Whakatane County Council, and Toby Gambrill, a Gisborne lawyer, unsuccessfully sought the National nomination.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [30, 30], "content_span": [31, 248]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074692-0000-0000", "contents": "1957 Baylor Bears football team\nThe 1957 Baylor Bears football team represented Baylor University in the 1957 NCAA University Division football season. The team finished with a record of 3-6-1. Clyde Letbetter (Guard) was chosen as an All-Southwest Conference player.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [31, 31], "content_span": [32, 267]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074693-0000-0000", "contents": "1957 Beckenham by-election\nThe Beckenham by-election was held on 21 March 1957. It was held when the incumbent Conservative MP, Patrick Buchan-Hepburn was elevated to a hereditary peerage. It was won by the Conservative candidate Philip Goodhart. Margaret Thatcher was one of the unsuccessful candidates for the Conservative nomination.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [26, 26], "content_span": [27, 336]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074694-0000-0000", "contents": "1957 Big Ten Conference football season\nThe 1957 Big Ten Conference football season was the 62nd season of college football played by the member schools of the Big Ten Conference (also known as the Western Conference) and was a part of the 1957 NCAA University Division football season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [39, 39], "content_span": [40, 286]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074694-0001-0000", "contents": "1957 Big Ten Conference football season\nThe 1957 Ohio State Buckeyes football team, under head coach Woody Hayes, won the conference championship with a 7-0 conference record (9\u20131 record overall), was ranked No. 1 in the final Coaches' Poll, and defeated Oregon in the 1958 Rose Bowl. The Buckeyes were ranked No.2 in the final AP Poll, but were also declared national champion by the FWAA poll. Ohio State back Don Clark led the conference with 737 rushing yards. Guard Aurealius Thomas was a first-team All-American.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [39, 39], "content_span": [40, 518]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074694-0002-0000", "contents": "1957 Big Ten Conference football season\nThe 1957 Michigan State Spartans football team, under head coach Duffy Daugherty, compiled an 8\u20131 record and was ranked No. 3 in the final AP and UPI polls. Michigan State back Walt Kowalczyk and center Dan Currie were selected as consensus first-team All-Americans. Kowalczyk led the conference with 54 points scored, and Currie was selected as the team's most valuable player.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [39, 39], "content_span": [40, 418]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074694-0003-0000", "contents": "1957 Big Ten Conference football season\nThe 1957 Iowa Hawkeyes football team, under head coach Forest Evashevski, finished third in the Big Ten with a 7\u20131\u20131 record and was ranked No. 8 in the final AP Poll. Iowa tackle Alex Karras was a consensus first-team All-American and won the Outland Trophy as the best interior lineman in college football. Quarterback Randy Duncan led the Big Ten with 1,124 passing yards and 1,183 total yards.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [39, 39], "content_span": [40, 436]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074694-0004-0000", "contents": "1957 Big Ten Conference football season\nMichigan halfback Jim Pace won the Chicago Tribune Silver Football trophy as the conference's most valuable player.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [39, 39], "content_span": [40, 155]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074694-0005-0000", "contents": "1957 Big Ten Conference football season, Season overview, Results and team statistics\nKeyAP final = Team's rank in the final AP Poll of the 1957 seasonAP high = Team's highest rank in the AP Poll throughout the 1957 seasonPPG = Average of points scored per gamePAG = Average of points allowed per gameMVP = Most valuable player as voted by players on each team as part of the voting process to determine the winner of the Chicago Tribune Silver Football trophy; trophy winner in bold", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 85], "content_span": [86, 483]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074694-0006-0000", "contents": "1957 Big Ten Conference football season, Statistical leaders, Passing yards\n1. Randy Duncan, Iowa (1,124)2. Jim Ninowski, Michigan State (718)3. Tom Haller, Illinois\t(675)4. Jim Van Pelt, Michigan (629)5. Tom McDonald, Indiana (544)", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 75], "content_span": [76, 232]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074694-0007-0000", "contents": "1957 Big Ten Conference football season, Statistical leaders, Rushing yards\n1. Don Clark, Ohio State (737)2. Jim Pace, Michigan (664)3. Bob White, Ohio State (645)4. Danny Lewis, Wisconsin (611)5. Walt Kowalczyk, Michigan State (545)", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 75], "content_span": [76, 233]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074694-0008-0000", "contents": "1957 Big Ten Conference football season, Statistical leaders, Receiving yards\n1. Jim Gibbons, Iowa (587)2. Dave Whitsell, Indiana (290)3. Dave Kaiser, Michigan State (267)4. Sam Williams, Michigan State (236)5. Gary Prahst, Michigan (233)", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 77], "content_span": [78, 238]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074694-0009-0000", "contents": "1957 Big Ten Conference football season, Statistical leaders, Total yards\n1. Randy Duncan, Iowa (1,183)2. Don Clark, Ohio State (788)3. Tom Haller, Illinois (724)4. Sidney Williams, Wisconsin (661)5. Jim Pace, Michigan (656)", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 73], "content_span": [74, 224]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074694-0010-0000", "contents": "1957 Big Ten Conference football season, Statistical leaders, Point scored\n1. Walt Kowalczyk, Michigan State (54)1. Jim Pace, Michigan (54)1. Don Clark, Ohio State (54)4. Frank Kremblas, Ohio State (48)4. Dick LeBeau, Ohio State (48)", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 74], "content_span": [75, 233]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074694-0011-0000", "contents": "1957 Big Ten Conference football season, Awards and honors, All-Big Ten honors\nThe following players were picked by the Associated Press (AP) and/or the United Press (UP) as first-team players on the 1957 All-Big Ten Conference football team.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 78], "content_span": [79, 242]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074694-0012-0000", "contents": "1957 Big Ten Conference football season, Awards and honors, All-American honors\nAt the end of the 1957 season, Big Ten players secured three of the consensus first-team picks for the 1957 College Football All-America Team. The Big Ten's consensus All-American was:", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 79], "content_span": [80, 264]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074694-0013-0000", "contents": "1957 Big Ten Conference football season, Awards and honors, All-American honors\nOther Big Ten players who were named first-team All-Americans by at least one selector were:", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 79], "content_span": [80, 172]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074694-0014-0000", "contents": "1957 Big Ten Conference football season, Awards and honors, Other awards\nIowa tackle Alex Karras won the Outland Trophy as the best interior lineman in college football.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 72], "content_span": [73, 169]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074694-0015-0000", "contents": "1957 Big Ten Conference football season, Awards and honors, Other awards\nThe Heisman Trophy was awarded to John David Crow of Texas A&M. Three Big Ten players finished among the top 10 in the voting for the trophy. They were: defensive lineman Alex Karras of Iowa (second); running back Walt Kowalczyk of Michigan State; and offensive lineman Dan Currie of Michigan State.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 72], "content_span": [73, 372]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074694-0016-0000", "contents": "1957 Big Ten Conference football season, 1958 NFL Draft\nThe following Big Ten players were among the first 100 picks in the 1958 NFL Draft:", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 55], "content_span": [56, 139]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074695-0000-0000", "contents": "1957 Bihar Legislative Assembly election\nElections to the Bihar Legislative Assembly were held on 25 February 1957. 1393 candidates contested for the 264 constituencies in the Assembly. There were 54 two-member constituencies and 210 single-member constituencies.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [40, 40], "content_span": [41, 263]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074695-0001-0000", "contents": "1957 Bihar Legislative Assembly election, State Reorganization\nBihar was reduced slightly by the transfer of minor territories to West Bengal in 1956 under States Reorganisation Act, 1956. Hence the constituencies were reduced from 330 in 1951 to 318 in 1957 elections.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [42, 62], "content_span": [63, 269]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074695-0002-0000", "contents": "1957 Bihar Legislative Assembly election, By-elections\nIn 1958 a by-election was held for the Dhanbad seat. The election was won by the Indian National Congress candidate R. Chaudhury, who obtained 8,998 votes. His opponent, M. Desai, received 5,792 votes.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [42, 54], "content_span": [55, 256]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074695-0003-0000", "contents": "1957 Bihar Legislative Assembly election, By-elections\nIn 1959 a by-election was held for the Nawada seat. The election was won by the Indian National Congress candidate M. Ahmad, who obtained 10,236 votes. His opponent, T. N. Yadav, received 7,474 votes.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [42, 54], "content_span": [55, 255]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074696-0000-0000", "contents": "1957 Birthday Honours\nThe Queen's Birthday Honours 1957 were appointments in many of the Commonwealth realms of Queen Elizabeth II to various orders and honours to reward and highlight good works by citizens of those countries.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [21, 21], "content_span": [22, 227]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074696-0001-0000", "contents": "1957 Birthday Honours\nThe appointments were made to celebrate the official birthday of The Queen, and were published on 4 June 1957 for the United Kingdom and Colonies, Australia, New Zealand, and to members of the British Armed Forces in recognition of distinguished and gallant services in the Operations in the Near East, October\u2013December 1956.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [21, 21], "content_span": [22, 347]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074696-0002-0000", "contents": "1957 Birthday Honours\nThe recipients of honours are displayed here as they were styled before their new honour, and arranged by honour, with classes (Knight, Knight Grand Cross, etc.) and then divisions (Military, Civil, etc.) as appropriate.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [21, 21], "content_span": [22, 242]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074697-0000-0000", "contents": "1957 Birthday Honours (New Zealand)\nThe 1957 Queen's Birthday Honours in New Zealand, celebrating the official birthday of Elizabeth II, were appointments made by the Queen on the advice of the New Zealand government to various orders and honours to reward and highlight good works by New Zealanders. They were announced on 13 June 1957.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [35, 35], "content_span": [36, 337]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074697-0001-0000", "contents": "1957 Birthday Honours (New Zealand)\nThe recipients of honours are displayed here as they were styled before their new honour.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [35, 35], "content_span": [36, 125]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074698-0000-0000", "contents": "1957 Blackbushe Viking accident\nThe 1957 Blackbushe Viking accident occurred on 1 May 1957 when an Eagle Aviation twin-engined Vickers VC.1 Viking 1B registered G-AJBO named \"John Benbow\" crashed into trees near Blackbushe Airport, located in Hampshire, England, on approach following a suspected engine failure on take-off. All five crew and 29 of the 30 passengers were killed. The aircraft also carried the RAF serial number XF629 allotted to this aircraft for use during trooping flights only.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [31, 31], "content_span": [32, 497]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074698-0001-0000", "contents": "1957 Blackbushe Viking accident, Accident\nAt 21:14 the Viking took off from Blackbushe Airport on an unscheduled passenger flight to RAF Idris in Libya. The aircraft on charter to the War Office had five crew, 25 soldiers from the Royal Army Ordnance Corps, one soldier's wife, two children and two war department civilians. At 21:16 the pilot reported I have port engine failure, I am making a left-hand circuit to come in again. As the aircraft turned onto the approach to land, while still about 1200 yards (1,116 m) from the runway, the aircraft crashed into a wooded copse at Star Hill. Thirty-four of the 35 on board were killed.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 41], "content_span": [42, 635]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074698-0002-0000", "contents": "1957 Blackbushe Viking accident, Aftermath\nThe aircraft exploded and burst into flames when it hit the ground about 50 yards (46 m) from the A30 road. Passing lorry drivers were the first to help. Ambulances and six fire tenders from the airport were quickly on the scene. The airport fire tenders were soon joined by others from Surrey, Berkshire, Hampshire and United States Navy personnel temporarily based at Blackbushe.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 42], "content_span": [43, 424]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074698-0003-0000", "contents": "1957 Blackbushe Viking accident, Aftermath\nThe 29 bodies were recovered and four survivors were taken to Cambridge Military Hospital in Aldershot. Three of those in hospital subsequently died leaving only one survivor.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 42], "content_span": [43, 218]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074698-0004-0000", "contents": "1957 Blackbushe Viking accident, Investigation\nA coroner's inquest was held at Aldershot on 5 June 1957 which returned a verdict of accidental death on the 34 who died.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 46], "content_span": [47, 168]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074698-0005-0000", "contents": "1957 Blackbushe Viking accident, Investigation\nA public inquiry was opened in London on 23 July 1957. The inquiry report was published in November 1957 and determined that the loss was caused by an error of skill and judgement by the pilot. The report noted that although Captain Jones had flown over 6,800 hours of which 4,800 had been with the Viking he had not made a single-engined landing for at least two years. Because of the fire it was not possible to determine if the port engine had failed.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 46], "content_span": [47, 501]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074698-0006-0000", "contents": "1957 Blackbushe Viking accident, Probable cause\nThe probable cause was the failure of the captain to maintain a safe altitude and airspeed when approaching to land on one engine after failure (or suspected failure) of the port engine.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 47], "content_span": [48, 234]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074699-0000-0000", "contents": "1957 Bolivian Primera Divisi\u00f3n\nThe 1957 Bolivian Primera Divisi\u00f3n, the first division of Bolivian football (soccer), was played in two tournaments, The Torneo Integrado and Torneo Nacional Mixto. The champions were Always Ready and Jorge Wilstermann respectively.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [30, 30], "content_span": [31, 263]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074700-0000-0000", "contents": "1957 Bombay Legislative Assembly election\nElections to the Bombay Legislative Assembly were held on 25 February 1957. 1146 candidates contested for the 339 constituencies in the Assembly. There were 57 two-member constituencies and 282 single-member constituencies.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 41], "section_span": [41, 41], "content_span": [42, 265]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074700-0001-0000", "contents": "1957 Bombay Legislative Assembly election, State reorganization\nOn 1 November 1956, under States Reorganisation Act, 1956, Bombay state was enlarged by the addition of Saurashtra state and Kutch state, the Marathi-speaking districts of Nagpur Division of Madhya Pradesh, and the Marathi speaking Marathwada region of Hyderabad. The state's southernmost Kannada-speaking districts of Dharwad, Bijapur, North Kannada and Belgaum (excluding the Chandgad taluka) were transferred to Mysore state, while Abu Road taluk of the Banaskantha district was transferred to Rajasthan. Hence the constituencies increased from 315 to 396 in 1957 elections.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 41], "section_span": [43, 63], "content_span": [64, 641]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074701-0000-0000", "contents": "1957 Boston College Eagles football team\nThe 1957 Boston College Eagles football team represented Boston College as an independent during the 1957 NCAA University Division football season. In its seventh season under head coach Mike Holovak, the team compiled a 7\u20132 record and outscored opponents by a total of 158 to 129.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [40, 40], "content_span": [41, 322]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074701-0001-0000", "contents": "1957 Boston College Eagles football team\nAlumni Stadium in Chestnut Hill, Massachusetts, was built prior to the 1957 season and was dedicated with the season opener on September 27. John F. Kennedy, then a U.S. Senator, arranged for the opening match-up against Navy. The Eagles' first victory in their new stadium came the following week against Florida State.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [40, 40], "content_span": [41, 361]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074701-0002-0000", "contents": "1957 Boston College Eagles football team\nAfter losing the season opener, the team won seven consecutive games before losing the final game to rival Holy Cross. The Eagles tied a school record by losing eight fumbles in the loss to Holy Cross.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [40, 40], "content_span": [41, 242]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074701-0003-0000", "contents": "1957 Boston College Eagles football team\nThe team's statistical leaders included quarterback Don Allard with 910 passing yards, fullback Alan Miller with 484 rushing yards, and end Jim Colclough with 254 receiving yards and 42 points scored. Allard, Miller, and Colclough all went on to play in the American Football League or the National Football League. Guard Tom Meehan received the Thomas F. Scanlan Memorial Trophy as the senior player outstanding in scholarship, leadership, and athletic ability.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [40, 40], "content_span": [41, 503]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074701-0004-0000", "contents": "1957 Boston College Eagles football team\nOn October 19, the team set a single-game school record in limiting Villanova to 76 yards of total offense. That total remains tied for the fourth best single-game performance in school history.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [40, 40], "content_span": [41, 235]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074702-0000-0000", "contents": "1957 Boston Red Sox season\nThe 1957 Boston Red Sox season was the 57th season in the franchise's Major League Baseball history. The Red Sox finished third in the American League (AL) with a record of 82 wins and 72 losses, 16 games behind the New York Yankees.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [26, 26], "content_span": [27, 260]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074702-0001-0000", "contents": "1957 Boston Red Sox season, Player stats, Batting, Starters by position\nNote: Pos = Position; G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [28, 71], "content_span": [72, 196]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074702-0002-0000", "contents": "1957 Boston Red Sox season, Player stats, Batting, Other batters\nNote: G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [28, 64], "content_span": [65, 173]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074702-0003-0000", "contents": "1957 Boston Red Sox season, Player stats, Pitching, Starting pitchers\nNote: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [28, 69], "content_span": [70, 180]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074702-0004-0000", "contents": "1957 Boston Red Sox season, Player stats, Pitching, Other pitchers\nNote: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [28, 66], "content_span": [67, 177]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074702-0005-0000", "contents": "1957 Boston Red Sox season, Player stats, Pitching, Relief pitchers\nNote: G = Games pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; SV = Saves; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [28, 67], "content_span": [68, 168]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074703-0000-0000", "contents": "1957 Boston University Terriers football team\nThe 1957 Boston University Terriers football team was an American football team that represented Boston University as an independent during the 1957 college football season. In its first season under head coach Steve Sinko, the team compiled a 5\u20133 record and outscored opponents by a total of 196 to 141.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 45], "section_span": [45, 45], "content_span": [46, 350]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074704-0000-0000", "contents": "1957 Bowling Green Falcons football team\nThe 1957 Bowling Green Falcons football team was an American football team that represented Bowling Green State University in the Mid-American Conference (MAC) during the 1957 NCAA University Division football season. In their third season under head coach Doyt Perry, the Falcons compiled a 6\u20131\u20132 record (3\u20131\u20132 against MAC opponents), held seven of nine opponents to seven or fewer points, finished in second place in the MAC, and outscored all opponents by a combined total of 167 to 55.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [40, 40], "content_span": [41, 530]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074704-0001-0000", "contents": "1957 Bowling Green Falcons football team\nThe team's statistical leaders were Don Nehlen with 499 passing yards, Bob Ramlow with 492 rushing yards, and Ray Reese with 185 receiving yards. Linebacker Tim Murnen was the team captain; Murnen also received the team's Most Valuable Player award. The team tied a team record (set by the 1955 team) by allowing only eight touchdowns in the entire season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [40, 40], "content_span": [41, 397]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074705-0000-0000", "contents": "1957 Bristol West by-election\nThe Bristol West byelection of 7 March 1957 was a by-election to the House of Commons which saw the constituency of Bristol West elect a new Conservative Party Member of Parliament to replace Sir Walter Monckton. Sir Walter had first been elected at a previous byelection in 1951.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [29, 29], "content_span": [30, 310]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074705-0001-0000", "contents": "1957 Bristol West by-election, Candidates\nThe Conservative Party chose Robert Cooke, a schoolteacher who was only 26 years old. Cooke had been President of the Oxford University Conservative Association in 1953, and was elected to Bristol City Council the next year; he had been the Conservative candidate for Bristol South East in the 1955 general election.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 41], "content_span": [42, 358]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074705-0002-0000", "contents": "1957 Bristol West by-election, Candidates\nThe Labour Party chose William Rodgers, then General Secretary of the Fabian Society, who was 28 at the time. There was no Liberal Party candidate.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 41], "content_span": [42, 189]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074705-0003-0000", "contents": "1957 Bristol West by-election, Results\nRobert Cooke kept the seat in the Conservative column but suffered a substantial reduction in the majority, which fell from 22,001 to 14,162. Labour retained almost all of their 1955 vote. Cooke became the \"Baby of the House\" (youngest member), and kept the seat until he retired at the 1979 general election. William Rodgers was not disillusioned and later became Labour Member of Parliament for Stockton-on-Tees in a 1962 byelection.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 38], "content_span": [39, 474]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074706-0000-0000", "contents": "1957 British Grand Prix\nThe 1957 British Grand Prix was a Formula One motor race held on 20 July 1957 at the Aintree Circuit, near Liverpool. It was the tenth British Grand Prix and it was race 5 of 8 in the 1957 World Championship of Drivers. The race was won by Stirling Moss and Tony Brooks, who shared driving duties in a Vanwall. It was the third and final time that a Grand Prix had been won by two drivers in a shared car. This was the first occasion that a British-built car won a World Drivers' Championship race, a feat achieved with two British drivers at their home Grand Prix.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [23, 23], "content_span": [24, 589]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074707-0000-0000", "contents": "1957 British Guiana general election\nGeneral elections were held in British Guiana on 12 August 1957. The result was a victory for the faction of the People's Progressive Party led by Cheddi Jagan, who remained Prime Minister.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [36, 36], "content_span": [37, 226]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074707-0001-0000", "contents": "1957 British Guiana general election, Campaign\nA total of 55 candidates contested the elections, including six independents. The National Labour Front was the only party to run a candidate in every Legislative Council seat, with the two factions of the PPP both contesting 13 seats. The United Democratic Party (UDP) contested eight seats and the Guiana National Party one.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 46], "content_span": [47, 373]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074707-0002-0000", "contents": "1957 British Guiana general election, Aftermath\nAfter the elections, the Burnhamite faction of the PPP merged with the UDP to form the People's National Congress.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 47], "content_span": [48, 162]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074708-0000-0000", "contents": "1957 British Honduras general election\nGeneral elections were held in British Honduras on 20 March 1957. The ruling People's United Party won all nine seats contested. This was the first of two occasions they would sweep the House. It was the PUP's first election under the leadership of George Cadle Price. Price would lead the party until 1996.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [38, 38], "content_span": [39, 346]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074708-0001-0000", "contents": "1957 British Honduras general election\nThe Honduran Independence Party (HIP), a forerunner of the modern United Democratic Party, was founded the previous year by an anti-Price faction within the PUP led by former PUP leader Leigh Richardson. The party fielded five out of a possible nine candidates, but failed to win any seats.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [38, 38], "content_span": [39, 329]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074708-0002-0000", "contents": "1957 British Honduras general election\nThe elections were the last for the pro-colonial National Party. Charles Westby, the NP's only successful candidate in the 1954 election, ran as an independent. The HIP and NP merged in 1958 to form the National Independence Party.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [38, 38], "content_span": [39, 270]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074709-0000-0000", "contents": "1957 British Virgin Islands general election\nGeneral elections were held in the British Virgin Islands in 1957 for seats on the Legislative Council of the British Virgin Islands.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [44, 44], "content_span": [45, 178]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074709-0001-0000", "contents": "1957 British Virgin Islands general election\nThe 1957 election was the first election in which Lavity Stoutt stood and won. It would prove to be the first of eleven consecutive electoral victories for Stoutt (a record) and he would sit in the Legislature for over 38 years consecutively (also a record, since surpassed by Ralph O'Neal) until his death, and would serve as Chief Minister a record five times.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [44, 44], "content_span": [45, 407]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074709-0002-0000", "contents": "1957 British Virgin Islands general election, Results\nThe Territory was divided into five districts, the largest of which (the 2nd District - Road Town) would have two members. At the time candidates were not affiliated with political parties.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [46, 53], "content_span": [54, 243]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074710-0000-0000", "contents": "1957 British West Indies Championships\nThe 1957 British West Indies Championships was the first edition of the track and field competition between British colony nations in the Caribbean. Held in Kingston, Jamaica, it was supported by retired Olympic sprint medallist Herb McKenley. A total of eighteen events were contested, all of them by men \u2013 women's events were not added until two years later.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [38, 38], "content_span": [39, 399]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074710-0001-0000", "contents": "1957 British West Indies Championships\nTwo athletes completed individual doubles: Jamaica's Ernle Haisley won the high jump and pole vault, while George de Peana of British Guiana had a long-distance running double. Also among the medallists was Lester Bird of Antigua who would later go on to be the Prime Minister of Antigua and Barbuda (succeeding his father, Vere Bird).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [38, 38], "content_span": [39, 374]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074711-0000-0000", "contents": "1957 Brooklyn Dodgers season\nThe 1957 Brooklyn Dodgers season was overshadowed by Walter O'Malley's threat to move the Dodgers out of Brooklyn if the city did not build him a new stadium in that borough. When the best the mayor could promise was a stadium in Queens, O'Malley made good on his threats and moved the team to Los Angeles after the season ended. The Dodgers final game at Ebbets Field was on September 24 as they finished their 68th and last NL season, and their 75th overall, in Brooklyn in third place with an 84\u201370 record, eleven games behind the NL and World Series Champion Milwaukee Braves.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [28, 28], "content_span": [29, 609]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074711-0001-0000", "contents": "1957 Brooklyn Dodgers season, Regular season\nDuring the season, the Dodgers played eight home games at Roosevelt Stadium in Jersey City, New Jersey, as part of owner Walter O'Malley's continued attempts to pressure Brooklyn to allow him to build a new stadium in his preferred location at Flatbush and Atlantic Avenues.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 44], "content_span": [45, 319]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074711-0002-0000", "contents": "1957 Brooklyn Dodgers season, Regular season\nOn July 20, 1957: Duke Snider hit the 300th home run of his career. The opposing pitcher was Dick Drott.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 44], "content_span": [45, 149]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074711-0003-0000", "contents": "1957 Brooklyn Dodgers season, Regular season\nDanny McDevitt was the last pitcher to pitch for the Brooklyn Dodgers in a game at Ebbets Field. The game was contested on September 24, 1957, and McDevitt pitched a complete game. He had nine strikeouts while allowing only five hits.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 44], "content_span": [45, 279]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074711-0004-0000", "contents": "1957 Brooklyn Dodgers season, Player stats, Batting, Starters by position\nNote: Pos = Position; G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 73], "content_span": [74, 198]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074711-0005-0000", "contents": "1957 Brooklyn Dodgers season, Player stats, Batting, Other batters\nNote: G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 66], "content_span": [67, 175]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074711-0006-0000", "contents": "1957 Brooklyn Dodgers season, Player stats, Pitching, Starting pitchers\nNote: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 71], "content_span": [72, 182]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074711-0007-0000", "contents": "1957 Brooklyn Dodgers season, Player stats, Pitching, Other pitchers\nNote: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 68], "content_span": [69, 179]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074711-0008-0000", "contents": "1957 Brooklyn Dodgers season, Player stats, Pitching, Relief pitchers\nNote: G = Games pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; SV = Saves; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 69], "content_span": [70, 170]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074712-0000-0000", "contents": "1957 Brown Bears football team\nThe 1957 Brown Bears football team was an American football team that represented Brown University as a member of the Ivy League during the 1957 NCAA University Division football season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [30, 30], "content_span": [31, 217]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074712-0001-0000", "contents": "1957 Brown Bears football team\nIn their seventh season under head coach Alva Kelley, the Bears compiled a 5\u20134 record and outscored opponents 154 to 125. Gil Robertshaw was the team captain.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [30, 30], "content_span": [31, 189]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074712-0002-0000", "contents": "1957 Brown Bears football team\nThe Bears' 3\u20134 conference record tied for fourth in the Ivy League. They were outscored by Ivy opponents, 111 to 100.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [30, 30], "content_span": [31, 148]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074712-0003-0000", "contents": "1957 Brown Bears football team\nBrown played its home games at Brown Stadium in Providence, Rhode Island.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [30, 30], "content_span": [31, 104]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074713-0000-0000", "contents": "1957 Brownlow Medal\nThe 1957 Brownlow Medal was the 30th year the award was presented to the player adjudged the fairest and best player during the Victorian Football League (VFL) home and away season. Brian Gleeson of the St Kilda Football Club won the medal by polling twenty-four votes during the 1957 VFL season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [19, 19], "content_span": [20, 316]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074714-0000-0000", "contents": "1957 Bucknell Bison football team\nThe 1957 Bucknell Bison football team was an American football team that represented Bucknell University as an independent during the 1957 NCAA College Division football season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [33, 33], "content_span": [34, 211]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074714-0001-0000", "contents": "1957 Bucknell Bison football team\nIn its 12th season under head coach Harry Lawrence, the team compiled a 3\u20136 record. Bob Fitzsimmons and Rogers Frassenei were the team captains.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [33, 33], "content_span": [34, 178]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074714-0002-0000", "contents": "1957 Bucknell Bison football team\nThe team played its home games at Memorial Stadium on the university campus in Lewisburg, Pennsylvania.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [33, 33], "content_span": [34, 137]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074715-0000-0000", "contents": "1957 Buenos Aires Grand Prix\nThe 1957 Buenos Aires Grand Prix was a Formula Libre race held at Buenos Aires on 27 January 1957, at the Aut\u00f3dromo Oscar Alfredo G\u00e1lvez.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [28, 28], "content_span": [29, 166]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074716-0000-0000", "contents": "1957 Buffalo Bulls football team\nThe 1957 Buffalo Bulls football team was an American football team that represented the University of Buffalo as an independent during the 1957 NCAA College Division football season. In its third season under head coach Dick Offenhamer, the team compiled a 5\u20134 record. The team played its home games at Rotary Field in Buffalo, New York.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [32, 32], "content_span": [33, 370]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074717-0000-0000", "contents": "1957 Bulgarian Cup\nThe 1957 Bulgarian Cup was the 17th season of the Bulgarian Cup (in this period the tournament was named Cup of the Soviet Army). Levski Sofia won the competition, beating Spartak Pleven 2\u20131 in the final at the Vasil Levski National Stadium in Sofia.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 18], "section_span": [18, 18], "content_span": [19, 269]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074718-0000-0000", "contents": "1957 Bulgarian Cup Final\nThe 1957 Bulgarian Cup Final was the 17th final of the Bulgarian Cup (in this period the tournament was named Cup of the Soviet Army), and was contested between Levski Sofia and Spartak Pleven on 7 November 1957 at Vasil Levski National Stadium in Sofia. Levski won the final 2\u20131.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [24, 24], "content_span": [25, 305]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074719-0000-0000", "contents": "1957 Bulgarian parliamentary election\nParliamentary elections were held in Bulgaria on 22 December 1957. Voters were presented with a single list from the Fatherland Front, dominated by the Bulgarian Communist Party. As the Fatherland Front was the only organisation to contest the election and all candidate lists had to be approved by the Front, voters only had the option of voting for or against the Front list. Only 2,076 of the 5,206,103 valid votes were cast against. Voter turnout was reportedly 99.8%.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [37, 37], "content_span": [38, 510]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074720-0000-0000", "contents": "1957 Burundian parliamentary election, Background\nThe Decree of 14 July 1952 by the Belgian authorities had introduced an element of democracy to the Burundian political system. A complicated electoral system was created, which involved seven stages of elections to eventually elect the National Superior Council (French: Superieur du Pays).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [39, 49], "content_span": [50, 341]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074720-0001-0000", "contents": "1957 Burundian parliamentary election, Background\nThe elections began in the sub-chiefdoms, then were held in the chiefdoms, then the territories, and finally at the national level.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [39, 49], "content_span": [50, 181]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074720-0002-0000", "contents": "1957 Burundian parliamentary election, Results\nThe elections in the sub-chiefdoms in 1956, with the elections to the Chiefdom Councils, Territorial Councils and the Superior Council following in 1957. The number of Tutsis elected to all bodies increased, whilst the number of elected Hutus decreased in comparison with the 1954 elections.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [39, 46], "content_span": [47, 338]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074721-0000-0000", "contents": "1957 Burwood state by-election\nA by-election was held for the New South Wales Legislative Assembly electorate of Burwood on 16 February 1957 because of the death of Leslie Parr (Liberal).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [30, 30], "content_span": [31, 187]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074722-0000-0000", "contents": "1957 CCCF Championship\nThe 1957 CCCF Championship, the eighth edition of the CCCF Championship, was held in the Netherlands Antilles. Haiti won the tournament.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [22, 22], "content_span": [23, 159]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074722-0001-0000", "contents": "1957 CCCF Championship\nAlthough the competition was hosted in the then newly constituted nation of Netherlands Antilles, the national team of the Netherlands Antilles never adopted the new nation's name until after the 1958 FIFA World Cup qualifiers, continuing to compete until then as Cura\u00e7ao.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [22, 22], "content_span": [23, 295]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074723-0000-0000", "contents": "1957 Caen Grand Prix\nThe 1957 Caen Grand Prix was a motor race, run to Formula One rules, held on 28 July 1957 at the Circuit de la Prairie, Caen. The race was run over 86 laps of the circuit, and was won by a lap by French driver Jean Behra in a BRM P25, the first Grand Prix win for the P25. Behra also set pole and fastest lap.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [20, 20], "content_span": [21, 330]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074723-0001-0000", "contents": "1957 Caen Grand Prix, Classification\n1 Schell raced the spare BRM after his Maserati 250F broke a piston during practice.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [22, 36], "content_span": [37, 121]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074724-0000-0000", "contents": "1957 Cal Aggies football team\nThe 1957 Cal Aggies football team represented the Northern Branch of the College of Agriculture in the 1957 NCAA College Division football season. The team was known as either the Cal Aggies or California Aggies, and competed in the Far Western Conference (FWC).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [29, 29], "content_span": [30, 292]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074724-0001-0000", "contents": "1957 Cal Aggies football team\nThe Aggies were led by third-year head coach Will Lotter. They played home games at Aggie Field. The Aggies finished the season with a record of five wins and four losses (1\u20137\u20131, 0\u20135 FWC). They were outscored by their opponents 59\u2013210 for the 1957 season, including being held to a touchdown or less in six of their nine games.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [29, 29], "content_span": [30, 357]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074724-0002-0000", "contents": "1957 Cal Aggies football team, NFL Draft\nNo Cal Aggies players were selected in the 1958 NFL Draft.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 40], "content_span": [41, 99]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074725-0000-0000", "contents": "1957 Cal Poly Mustangs football team\nThe 1957 Cal Poly Mustangs football team represented California Polytechnic State University during the 1957 NCAA College Division football season. Cal Poly competed in the California Collegiate Athletic Association (CCAA).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [36, 36], "content_span": [37, 260]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074725-0001-0000", "contents": "1957 Cal Poly Mustangs football team\nThe team was led by eighth-year head coach LeRoy Hughes and played home games at Mustang Stadium in San Luis Obispo, California. They finished with the best record in the CCAA, but no champion was named. The team had a record of eight wins and one loss (8\u20131, 3\u20130 CCAA). In points, the Mustangs doubled up their opponents for the season, scoring 210 while giving up 108.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [36, 36], "content_span": [37, 406]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074726-0000-0000", "contents": "1957 Cal Poly Pomona Broncos football team\nThe 1957 Cal Poly Pomona Broncos football team represented Cal Poly Kellogg-Voorhis Unit during the 1957 NCAA College Division football season. Cal Poly Pomona played as an independent in 1957.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 42], "section_span": [42, 42], "content_span": [43, 236]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074726-0001-0000", "contents": "1957 Cal Poly Pomona Broncos football team\nCal Poly Pomona was led by first-year head coach Don Warhurst. They played home games on campus in Pomona, California. The Broncos finished the season with a record of seven wins, one loss and one tie (7\u20131\u20131). Overall, the team outscored its opponents 254\u2013139 for the season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 42], "section_span": [42, 42], "content_span": [43, 318]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074726-0002-0000", "contents": "1957 Cal Poly Pomona Broncos football team, Team players in the NFL\nNo Cal Poly Pomona players were selected in the 1958 NFL Draft.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 42], "section_span": [44, 67], "content_span": [68, 131]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074727-0000-0000", "contents": "1957 Calgary Stampeders season\nThe 1957 Calgary Stampeders finished in 3rd place in the W.I.F.U. with a 6\u201310 record. They were defeated in the W.I.F.U. Semi-Finals by the Winnipeg Blue Bombers.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [30, 30], "content_span": [31, 193]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074728-0000-0000", "contents": "1957 California Golden Bears baseball team\nThe 1957 California Golden Bears baseball team represented the University of California in the 1957 NCAA University Division baseball season. The Golden Bears played their home games at Evans Diamond. The team was coached by George Wolfman in his 3rd season at California.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 42], "section_span": [42, 42], "content_span": [43, 315]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074728-0001-0000", "contents": "1957 California Golden Bears baseball team\nThe Golden Bears won the College World Series, defeating the Penn State Nittany Lions in the championship game.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 42], "section_span": [42, 42], "content_span": [43, 154]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074729-0000-0000", "contents": "1957 California Golden Bears football team\nThe 1957 California Golden Bears football team was an American football team that represented the University of California, Berkeley in the Pacific Coast Conference (PCC) during the 1957 NCAA University Division football season. In their first year under head coach Pete Elliott, the Golden Bears compiled a 1\u20139 record (1\u20136 in PCC, seventh), and were outscored 176\u00a0to\u00a0109.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 42], "section_span": [42, 42], "content_span": [43, 415]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074729-0001-0000", "contents": "1957 California Golden Bears football team\nThe team's statistical leaders included Joe Kapp with 580 passing yards and Jack\u00a0Hart with 396 rushing yards and 276 receiving yards. Kapp was later inducted into the College Football Hall of Fame.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 42], "section_span": [42, 42], "content_span": [43, 240]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074730-0000-0000", "contents": "1957 Cameroon by-election\nA by-election to the French National Assembly was held in French Cameroons on 23 June 1957. The election was held after the resignation of Alexandre Douala Manga Bell, the holder of the second seat in the second college. Bell was re-elected with 33% of the vote.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [25, 25], "content_span": [26, 288]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074731-0000-0000", "contents": "1957 Campeonato Argentino de Rugby\nThe 1957 Campeonato Argentino de Rugby was won by the selection of Capital that beat in the final the selection of Buenos Aires Province (\"Provincia\").", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [34, 34], "content_span": [35, 186]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074731-0001-0000", "contents": "1957 Campeonato Argentino de Rugby, Semifinals\nProvincia: J. Olaz\u00e1bal, R. Faldutti, J. Campos, J. Berro Garc\u00eda, J. Ramallo, M. Guyot, E. Holmgren, J. Madero, E. Mitchelstein, R. Ochoa, E. Parola, R. Dell'Acqua, F. Tosato, R. Sant\u00e1ngelo, C. Travaglini  La Plata: C. Sabalzagaray, E. Vergara, H. Tiribelli, E. Brea, H. Zapettini, N. Dutil, J. Dubarry, R. La Rosa, H. Carnicero, C. Sacerdote, J. Roan, C. Olivera, R. Giner, H. Dentone, L. Gorostiaga", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [36, 46], "content_span": [47, 446]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074731-0002-0000", "contents": "1957 Campeonato Argentino de Rugby, Semifinals\nCapital: J. Genoud, E. Horan, R. Raimundez, E. Fern\u00e1ndez del Casal, A. Ricciardello, R. Baz\u00e1n, P. Felisari, S. Hogg, A. Bublath, M. Azpiroz, J. Diez, A. Dillon, E. Gavi\u00f1a, C. Ezcurra, E. Hirsch. Rosario: F. Cavallo, R. Abalos, G. Recagno, J. Arce, A. Drincovich, A. Robson, R. Conti, C. Kaden, J. Ramos, E. Celentano, A Colla, J. Silvetti, C. Silvestre, F. Alonso, R. Alonso", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [36, 46], "content_span": [47, 421]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074731-0003-0000", "contents": "1957 Campeonato Argentino de Rugby, Final\nCapital: J. Genoud, J. Ricciardello, R. Raimundez, E. Fern\u00e1ndez del Casal, E. Horan, R. Baz\u00e1n, P. Felisari, S. Hogg, A. Bublath, G. Schon, J. Diez, A. Dilon, E. Gavi\u00f1a, C. Ezcurra, E. Hirsch Provincia: J. Olaz\u00e1bal, R. Faldutti, J. Campos, J. Berro Garc\u00eda, C. Ra\u00acmallo, M. Guyot, E. Holmgren, J. Madero, E. Mitchelstein, R. Ochoa, E. Parola, R. Dell'Acqua, F. Tosato, R. Sait\u00e1ngelo, C. Travaglini.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [36, 41], "content_span": [42, 438]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074732-0000-0000", "contents": "1957 Campeonato Carioca\nThe 1957 edition of the Campeonato Carioca kicked off on July 21, 1957 and ended on December 22, 1957. It was organized by FMF (Federa\u00e7\u00e3o Metropolitana de Futebol, or Metropolitan Football Federation). Twelve teams participated. Botafogo won the title for the 10th time. no teams were relegated.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [23, 23], "content_span": [24, 319]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074732-0001-0000", "contents": "1957 Campeonato Carioca, System\nThe tournament would be disputed in a double round-robin format, with the team with the most points winning the title.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 31], "content_span": [32, 150]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074733-0000-0000", "contents": "1957 Campeonato Ecuatoriano de F\u00fatbol\nThe 1957 Campeonato Ecuatoriano de F\u00fatbol was the first time a football tournament was held to determine a national champion in Ecuador. Prior to this tournament, teams competed exclusively in one of two regional leagues, the Campeonato Profesional Interandinos (for clubs in Quito and Ambato) and the Campeonato Profesional de F\u00fatbol de Guayaquil (for clubs in Guayaquil). Emelec from Guayaquil won the tournament and became the first Ecuadorian football champion.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [37, 37], "content_span": [38, 503]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074734-0000-0000", "contents": "1957 Campeonato Paulista\nThe 1957 Campeonato Paulista da Primeira Divis\u00e3o, organized by the Federa\u00e7\u00e3o Paulista de Futebol, was the 56th season of S\u00e3o Paulo's top professional football league. S\u00e3o Paulo won the title for the 8th time. Linense was relegated and the top scorer was Santos's Pel\u00e9 with 17 goals.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [24, 24], "content_span": [25, 307]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074735-0000-0000", "contents": "1957 Campeonato Profesional\nThe 1957 Campeonato Profesional was the tenth season of Colombia's top-flight football league. The tournament consisted of a First Stage, a cancelled Octagonal Stage and a two-groups Second Stage, therefore ending on 13 April 1958. 12 teams participated in the tournament. Independiente Medell\u00edn won the league for 2nd time in its history after defeating C\u00facuta Deportivo in the Championship Playoff with an aggregate score of 8\u20133. Atl\u00e9tico Quind\u00edo, the defending champion, was 3rd in the First Stage with 24 points, but was eliminated in the Second Stage.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [27, 27], "content_span": [28, 584]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074735-0001-0000", "contents": "1957 Campeonato Profesional, Background\n12 teams competed in the tournament. Libertad de Barranquilla was the only team from the previous season who did not participate.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 39], "content_span": [40, 169]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074735-0002-0000", "contents": "1957 Campeonato Profesional, League system\nTeams received two points for a win and one point for a draw. On the First Stage, every team played two games against each other team, one at home and one away, and the first 8 teams qualified for the Octagonal Stage. From this stage, the team with most points would be the champion of the season, however the stage was cancelled after 8 matches due to claims from the teams eliminated in the First Stage. Then, a Second Stage was played, with two groups of six teams each. The champion of each group played a playoff, and the champion of it played a Champion Playoff against the champion of the First Stage.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 42], "content_span": [43, 651]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074735-0003-0000", "contents": "1957 Campeonato Profesional, Second stage, Final\nC\u00facuta Deportivo qualified to Champion Playoff on coin toss. Because of this, a Runners-up Playoff was also played after the Champion Playoff.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 48], "content_span": [49, 191]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074736-0000-0000", "contents": "1957 Campe\u00f3n de Campeones\nThe 1957 Campeon de Campeones is the 16th Mexican Super Cup football one-leg  match, played on May 5, 1957. It was played by Primera Divisi\u00f3n de M\u00e9xico league winners C.D. Guadalajara and Copa M\u00e9xico winners Zacatepec. The match was held at the Olympic Stadium of Mexico City.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [25, 25], "content_span": [26, 302]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074737-0000-0000", "contents": "1957 Canada Cup\nThe 1957 Canada Cup took place 24\u201327 October on the East Course at the Kasumigaseki Country Club in Kawagoe, Saitama, Japan. It was the fifth Canada Cup event, which became the World Cup in 1967. The tournament was a 72-hole stroke play team event with 30 teams. These were the same 29 teams that had competed in 1956 with the addition of Thailand. Each team consisted of two players from a country. The combined score of each team determined the team results. The Japanese team of Torakichi Nakamura and Koichi Ono won by nine strokes over the American team of Jimmy Demaret and Sam Snead. The individual competition was won by Torakichi Nakamura, seven shots ahead of Gary Player, Sam Snead and Dave Thomas.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 15], "section_span": [15, 15], "content_span": [16, 725]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074737-0001-0000", "contents": "1957 Canada Cup, Scores\nHarry Bradshaw of Ireland withdrew after 36 holes due to nose bleeding. Fernando Silva of Portugal withdrew after 54 holes.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 15], "section_span": [17, 23], "content_span": [24, 147]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074738-0000-0000", "contents": "1957 Canadian federal election\nThe 1957 Canadian federal election was held June 10, 1957, to select the 265 members of the House of Commons of Canada of the 23rd Parliament of Canada. In one of the greatest upsets in Canadian political history, the Progressive Conservative Party (also known as \"PCs\" or \"Tories\"), led by John Diefenbaker, brought an end to 22 years of Liberal rule, as the Tories were able to form a minority government despite losing the popular vote to the Liberals.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [30, 30], "content_span": [31, 486]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074738-0001-0000", "contents": "1957 Canadian federal election\nThe Liberal Party had governed Canada since 1935, winning five consecutive elections. Under Prime Ministers William Lyon Mackenzie King and Louis St. Laurent, the government gradually built a welfare state. During the Liberals' fifth term in office, the opposition parties depicted them as arrogant and unresponsive to Canadians' needs. Controversial events, such as the 1956 \"Pipeline Debate\" over the construction of the Trans-Canada Pipeline, had hurt the government. St. Laurent, nicknamed \"Uncle Louis\", remained popular, but exercised little supervision over his cabinet ministers.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [30, 30], "content_span": [31, 618]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074738-0002-0000", "contents": "1957 Canadian federal election\nIn 1956, Tory leader George A. Drew unexpectedly resigned due to ill health. In his place, the PC party elected the fiery and charismatic Diefenbaker. The Tories ran a campaign centred on their new leader, who attracted large crowds to rallies and made a strong impression on television. The Liberals ran a lacklustre campaign, and St. Laurent made few television appearances. Uncomfortable with the medium, the Prime Minister read his speeches from a script and refused to wear makeup.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [30, 30], "content_span": [31, 517]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074738-0003-0000", "contents": "1957 Canadian federal election\nAbandoning their usual strategy of trying to make major inroads in Liberal-dominated Quebec, the Tories focused on winning seats in the other provinces. They were successful; though they gained few seats in Quebec, they won 112\u00a0seats overall to the Liberals' 105. With the remaining seats won by other parties, the PC party only had a plurality in the House of Commons, but the margin was sufficient to make John Diefenbaker Canada's first Tory Prime Minister since R. B. Bennett in 1935.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [30, 30], "content_span": [31, 519]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074738-0004-0000", "contents": "1957 Canadian federal election, Background, Liberal domination\nThe Tories had last governed Canada under R.B. Bennett, who had been elected in 1930. Bennett's government had limited success in dealing with the Depression, and was defeated in 1935, as Liberal William Lyon Mackenzie King, who had previously served two times as Prime Minister, was restored to power. The Liberals won five consecutive majorities between 1935 and 1953. The Liberals worked closely with the civil service (drawing several of their ministers from those ranks) and their years of dominance saw prosperity.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 62], "content_span": [63, 583]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074738-0005-0000", "contents": "1957 Canadian federal election, Background, Liberal domination\nWhen Mackenzie King retired in 1948, he was succeeded by his Minister of Justice, Louis St. Laurent, a bilingual Quebecer who took office at the age of 66. An adept politician, St. Laurent projected a gentle persona and was affectionately known to many Canadians as Uncle Louis (or, among francophones, Oncle Louis). In actuality, St. Laurent was uncomfortable away from Ottawa, was subject to fits of depression (especially after 1953), and on political trips was carefully managed by advertising men from the firm of Cockfield Brown. St. Laurent led the Liberals to an overwhelming triumph in the 1949 election, campaigning under the slogan \"You never had it so good\". The Liberals won a fifth successive mandate in 1953, with St. Laurent content to exercise a highly relaxed leadership style.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 62], "content_span": [63, 858]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074738-0006-0000", "contents": "1957 Canadian federal election, Background, Liberal domination\nWith over twenty years of parliamentary majorities, Liberal ministers did as they wished with little regard for the opposition parties. The Mackenzie King and St. Laurent governments laid the groundwork for the welfare state, a development initially opposed by many Tories. C.D. Howe, considered one of the leading forces of the St. Laurent government, told his Tory opponents when they alleged that the Liberals would abolish tariffs if the people would let them, \"Who would stop us? ... Don't take yourselves too seriously. If we wanted to get away with it, who would stop us?\"", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 62], "content_span": [63, 642]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074738-0007-0000", "contents": "1957 Canadian federal election, Background, Tory struggles\nAt the start of 1956, the Tories were led by former Ontario premier George A. Drew, who had been elected PC leader in 1948 over Saskatchewan MP John Diefenbaker. Drew was the fifth man to lead the Tories in their 21 years out of power. None had come close to defeating the Liberals; the best performance was in 1945, when John Bracken secured 67 seats for the Tories. The Liberals, though, had won 125\u00a0seats, and maintained their majority. In the 1953 election, the PC party won 51\u00a0seats out of the 265 in the House of Commons. Subsequently, the Tories picked up two seats from the Liberals in by-elections, and the Liberals (who had won 169\u00a0seats in 1953) lost an additional seat to the Co-operative Commonwealth Federation (CCF, the predecessor of the New Democratic Party (NDP)).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 58], "content_span": [59, 841]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074738-0008-0000", "contents": "1957 Canadian federal election, Background, Tory struggles\nAfter over two decades in opposition, the Tories were closely associated with that role in the public eye. The Tories were seen as the party of the wealthy and of English-speaking Canada and drew about 30% of the vote in federal elections. The Tories had enjoyed little success in Quebec in the past forty years. By 1956, the Social Credit Party was becoming a potential rival to the Tories as Canada's main right-wing party. Canadian journalist and author Bruce Hutchison discussed the state of the Tories in 1956:", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 58], "content_span": [59, 574]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074738-0009-0000", "contents": "1957 Canadian federal election, Background, Tory struggles\nWhen a party calling itself Conservative can think of nothing better than to outbid the Government's election promises; when it demands economy in one breath and increased spending in the next; when it proposes an immediate tax cut regardless of inflationary results\u00a0... when in short, the Conservative party no longer gives us a conservative alternative after twenty-one years\u00a0... then our political system desperately requires an opposition prepared to stand for something more than the improbable chance of quick victory.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 58], "content_span": [59, 583]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074738-0010-0000", "contents": "1957 Canadian federal election, Background, Run-up to the campaign\nIn 1955, the Tories, through a determined filibuster, were able to force the government to withdraw amendments to the Defence Procurement Act, which would have made temporary, extraordinary powers granted to the government permanent. Drew led the Tories in a second battle with the government the following year: in the so-called \"Pipeline Debate\", the government invoked closure repeatedly in a weeks-long debate which ended with the Speaker ignoring points of order as he had the division bells rung. Both measures were closely associated with Howe, which, in combination with his earlier comments, led to Tory claims that Howe was indifferent to the democratic process.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 66], "content_span": [67, 739]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074738-0011-0000", "contents": "1957 Canadian federal election, Background, Run-up to the campaign\nTory preparations for an upcoming election campaign were thrown into disarray in August 1956 when Drew fell ill. Tory leaders felt that the party needed vigorous leadership with a federal election likely to be called within a year. In September, Drew resigned. Diefenbaker, who had failed in two prior bids for the leadership, announced his candidacy, as did Tory frontbenchers Davie Fulton and Donald Fleming. Diefenbaker, a criminal defence lawyer from Prince Albert, Saskatchewan, was on the populist left of the PC party. Those Tory leaders who disliked Diefenbaker and his views, and hoped to find a candidate from Drew's conservative wing of the party, wooed University of Toronto president Sidney Smith as a candidate. However, Smith refused to run.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 66], "content_span": [67, 823]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074738-0012-0000", "contents": "1957 Canadian federal election, Background, Run-up to the campaign\nTory leaders scheduled a leadership convention for December. In early November, the Suez crisis erupted. Minister of External Affairs Lester Pearson played a major part in the settlement of that dispute, and was later awarded the Nobel Peace Prize for his role. Diefenbaker, as the Tories' foreign policy critic and as the favourite in the leadership race, gained considerable attention for his speeches on Suez.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 66], "content_span": [67, 479]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074738-0012-0001", "contents": "1957 Canadian federal election, Background, Run-up to the campaign\nThe Tories attacked Pearson for, as they said, being an errand boy for the United States government; he responded that it was better to be such a lackey than to be an obedient colonial doing Britain's will unquestioningly. While Suez would come to be regarded by many as one of the finest moments in Canadian foreign policy, at the time it cost the Liberals support outside of Quebec.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 66], "content_span": [67, 451]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074738-0013-0000", "contents": "1957 Canadian federal election, Background, Run-up to the campaign\nDiefenbaker was the favourite throughout the leadership campaign. At the convention in Ottawa in December, he refused to abide by the custom of having a Quebecer be either the proposer or seconder of his candidacy, and instead selected an Easterner (from New Brunswick) and a Westerner to put his name in nomination. With most Quebec delegates backing his opponents, Diefenbaker felt that having a Quebecer as a nominator would not increase his support. Diefenbaker was elected on the first ballot, and a number of Quebec delegates walked out of the convention after his victory.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 66], "content_span": [67, 646]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074738-0013-0001", "contents": "1957 Canadian federal election, Background, Run-up to the campaign\nOther Diefenbaker opponents, such as those who had urged Smith to run, believed that the 61-year-old Diefenbaker would be merely a caretaker, who would serve a few years and then step down in favour of a younger man, and that the upcoming election would be lost to the Liberals regardless of who led the Tories.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 66], "content_span": [67, 378]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074738-0014-0000", "contents": "1957 Canadian federal election, Background, Run-up to the campaign\nWhen Parliament convened in January, the Liberals introduced no major proposals, and proposed nothing controversial. Diefenbaker turned over his parliamentary duties to British Columbia MP Howard Green and spent much of his time on the road making speeches across the country. Diefenbaker toured a nation in which Liberal support at the provincial level had slowly been eroding. When the Liberals gained Federal power in 1935, they controlled eight of the nine provincial governments, all except Alberta. By early 1957, the Liberals controlled the legislatures only in the tenth province, Newfoundland, and in Prince Edward Island and Manitoba.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 66], "content_span": [67, 711]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074738-0015-0000", "contents": "1957 Canadian federal election, Background, Run-up to the campaign\nIn March, Finance Minister Walter Harris, who was believed to be St. Laurent's heir apparent, introduced his budget. The budget anticipated a surplus of $258\u00a0million, of which $100\u00a0million was to be returned in the form of increased welfare payments, with an increase of $6 per month (to a total of $46) for old age pensioners\u2014effective after the election. Harris indicated that no more could be returned for fear of increasing inflation. Diefenbaker attacked the budget, calling for higher old age pensions and welfare payments, more aid to the poorer provinces, and aid to farmers.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 66], "content_span": [67, 650]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074738-0016-0000", "contents": "1957 Canadian federal election, Background, Run-up to the campaign\nSt. Laurent had informed Diefenbaker that Parliament would be dissolved in April, for an election on June 10. A final parliamentary conflict was sparked by the suicide of Canadian Ambassador to Egypt E.H. Norman in the midst of allegations made by a United States Senate subcommittee that Norman had communist links. Pearson had defended Norman when the allegations became public, and defended him again after his death, suggesting to the Commons that the allegations were false.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 66], "content_span": [67, 546]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074738-0016-0001", "contents": "1957 Canadian federal election, Background, Run-up to the campaign\nIt quickly became apparent that the information released by the Americans might have come from Canadian intelligence sources, and after severe questioning of Pearson by Diefenbaker and the other parties' foreign policy critics, Pearson made a statement announcing that Norman had had communist associations in his youth, but had passed a security review. The minister evaded further questions regarding what information had been provided, and the discussion was cut short when Parliament was dissolved on April 12.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 66], "content_span": [67, 581]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074738-0017-0000", "contents": "1957 Canadian federal election, Background, Run-up to the campaign\nPeter Regenstreif, who studied the four elections between 1957 and 1963, wrote of the situation at the start of the election campaign, \"In 1957, there was no tangible indication that the Liberals would be beaten or, even in the opposition's darkest moment of reflection, could be. All the hindsight and post hoc gazing at entrails cannot change that objective fact.\"", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 66], "content_span": [67, 433]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074738-0018-0000", "contents": "1957 Canadian federal election, Issues\nThe Liberals and PC party differed considerably on fiscal and tax policies. In his opening campaign speech at Massey Hall in Toronto, Diefenbaker contended that Canadians were overtaxed in the amount of $120 per family of four. Diefenbaker pledged to reduce taxes and castigated the Liberals for not reducing taxes despite the government surplus. St. Laurent also addressed tax policy in his opening speech, in Winnipeg. St. Laurent noted that since 1953, tax rates had declined, as had the national debt, and that Canada had a reputation as a good place for investments. The Prime Minister argued that the cost of campaign promises made by the Progressive Conservatives would inevitably drive up the tax rate. Diefenbaker also assailed tight-money monetary policies which kept interest rates high, complaining that they were hitting Atlantic and Western Canada hard.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 38], "content_span": [39, 906]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074738-0019-0000", "contents": "1957 Canadian federal election, Issues\nThe Tories promised changes in agricultural policies. Many Canadian farmers were unable to find buyers for their wheat; the PC party promised generous cash advances on unsold wheat and promised a protectionist policy regarding foreign agricultural products. The Liberals argued that such tariffs were not worth the loss of bargaining position in efforts to seek foreign markets for Canadian agricultural products.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 38], "content_span": [39, 452]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074738-0020-0000", "contents": "1957 Canadian federal election, Issues\nThe institution of the welfare state was by 1957 accepted by both major parties. Diefenbaker promised to expand the national health insurance scheme to cover tubercular and mental health patients. He characterized the old age pension increase which the Liberal government was instituting as a mere pittance, not even enough to keep up with the cost of living. Diefenbaker noted that the increase only amounted to twenty cents a day, using that figure to ridicule Liberal contentions that an increase would add to the rate of inflation. All three opposition parties promised to increase the pension, with the Social Crediters and CCF even stating the specific amounts it would be raised by.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 38], "content_span": [39, 728]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074738-0021-0000", "contents": "1957 Canadian federal election, Issues\nThe Liberals were content to rest on their record in foreign affairs, and doubted that the Tories could better them. In a radio address on May 30, Minister of Transport George Marler commented, \"You will wonder as I do who in the Conservative Party would take the place of the Honourable Lester Pearson, whose knowledge and experience of world affairs has been put to such good use in recent years.\" Diefenbaker, however, refused to concede the point and in a televised address stated that Canadians were \"asking Pearson to explain his bumbling of External Affairs\". Though they were reluctant to discuss the Norman affair, the Tories suggested that the government had irresponsibly allowed gossip to be transmitted to United States congressional committees. They also attacked the government over Pearson's role in the Suez settlement, suggesting that Canada had let Britain down.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 38], "content_span": [39, 920]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074738-0022-0000", "contents": "1957 Canadian federal election, Issues\nSome members of the Tories' campaign committee had urged Diefenbaker not to build his campaign around the Pipeline Debate, contending that the episode was now a year in the past and forgotten by the voters, who did not particularly care what went on in Parliament anyway. Diefenbaker replied, \"That's the issue, and I'm making it.\" Diefenbaker referred to the conduct of the government in the Pipeline Debate more frequently than he did any other issue during the campaign.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 38], "content_span": [39, 512]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074738-0022-0001", "contents": "1957 Canadian federal election, Issues\nSt. Laurent initially dealt with the question flippantly, suggesting in his opening campaign address that the debate had been \"nearly as long as the pipeline itself and quite as full of another kind of natural gas\". As the issue gained resonance with the voters, the Liberals devoted more time to it, and St. Laurent devoted a major part of his final English television address to the question. The Liberals defended their conduct, and contended that a minority should not be allowed to impose its will on an elected majority. St. Laurent suggested that the Tories had performed badly as an opposition in the debate, and suggested that the public give them more practice at being an opposition.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 38], "content_span": [39, 733]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074738-0023-0000", "contents": "1957 Canadian federal election, Issues\nFinally, the Tories contended that the Liberals had been in power too long, and that it was time for a change. The PC party stated that the Liberals were arrogant, inflexible, and not capable of looking at problems from a new point of view. Liberals responded that with the country prosperous, there was no point to a change.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 38], "content_span": [39, 364]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074738-0024-0000", "contents": "1957 Canadian federal election, Campaign, Progressive Conservative\nIn 1953, almost half of the Tories' campaign funds were spent in Quebec, a province in which the party won only four of seventy-five seats. After the 1953 election, Tory MP Gordon Churchill studied the Canadian federal elections since Confederation. He concluded that the Progressive Conservatives were ill-advised to continue pouring money into Quebec in an effort to win seats in the province; the Tories could win at least a minority government by maximizing their opportunities in English-speaking Canada, and if the party could also manage to win twenty seats in Quebec, it could attain a majority. Churchill's conclusions were ignored by most leading Tories\u2014except Diefenbaker.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 66], "content_span": [67, 750]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074738-0025-0000", "contents": "1957 Canadian federal election, Campaign, Progressive Conservative\nDiefenbaker's successful leadership race had been run by Allister Grosart, an executive for McKim Advertising Ltd. Soon after taking the leadership, Diefenbaker got Grosart to help out at Tory headquarters, and soon appointed him national director of the party and national campaign manager. Grosart appointed a national campaign committee, something which had not been done previously by the Tories, but which, according to Grosart, provided the organizational key to success in 1957. The party was ill-financed, having only $1,000,000 to wage the campaign\u2014half what it had in 1953. Grosart divided most of that money equally by constituency, to the disgruntlement of Quebec Tories, who were used to receiving a disproportionate share of the national party's financing.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 66], "content_span": [67, 837]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074738-0026-0000", "contents": "1957 Canadian federal election, Campaign, Progressive Conservative\nThe Tory campaign opened at Massey Hall in Toronto on April 25, where Diefenbaker addressed a crowd of 2,600, about 200 short of capacity. At the Massey Hall rally, a large banner hung behind Diefenbaker, which did not mention the name of his party, but which instead stated, \"It's Time for a Diefenbaker Government.\" The slogan, coined by Grosart, sought to blur Canadian memories of the old Tory party of Bennett and Drew and instead focus attention on the party's new leader.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 66], "content_span": [67, 545]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074738-0026-0001", "contents": "1957 Canadian federal election, Campaign, Progressive Conservative\nPosters for election rallies contained Diefenbaker's name in large type; only the small print contained the name of the party. When St. Laurent complained that the Tories were not campaigning under their own name, Grosart sent copies of the Prime Minister's remarks in a plain envelope to every Liberal candidate, and was gratified when they began inserting the allegation into their own speeches.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 66], "content_span": [67, 464]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074738-0026-0002", "contents": "1957 Canadian federal election, Campaign, Progressive Conservative\nAccording to Professor J. Murray Beck in his history of Canadian general elections, \"His political enemies were led to make the very point he was striving to drive home: Diefenbaker was, in effect, leading a new party, not an old one with a repellent image.\" Grosart later stated that he structured the entire campaign around the personality of John Diefenbaker, and threw away the Tory party and its policies.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 66], "content_span": [67, 477]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074738-0027-0000", "contents": "1957 Canadian federal election, Campaign, Progressive Conservative\nDiefenbaker began his campaign with a week of local campaigning in his riding, after which he went to Toronto for the Massey Hall speech. After two days in Ontario, he spoke at a rally in Quebec City, before spending the remainder of the first week in the Maritimes. The next week saw Diefenbaker spend two days in Quebec, after which he campaigned in Ontario. The next two weeks included a Western tour, with brief returns to Ontario, the most populous province.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 66], "content_span": [67, 530]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074738-0027-0001", "contents": "1957 Canadian federal election, Campaign, Progressive Conservative\nThe final two weeks saw Diefenbaker spend much of the time in Ontario, though with brief journeys east to the Maritimes and Quebec and twice west to Saskatchewan. He returned to his riding for the final weekend before the Monday election. He spent 39\u00a0days on the campaign trail, eleven more than the Prime Minister.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 66], "content_span": [67, 382]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074738-0028-0000", "contents": "1957 Canadian federal election, Campaign, Progressive Conservative\nAccording to Professor John Meisel, who wrote a book about the 1957 campaign, Diefenbaker's speaking style was \"reminiscent of the fiery orators so popular in the nineteenth century. Indeed, Mr. Diefenbaker's oratory has been likened to that of the revivalist preacher.\" As a new face on the national scene given to outspoken attacks on the government, he began to attract unexpectedly large crowds early in the campaign. When reduced to the written word, however, Diefenbaker's rhetoric sometimes proved to be without much meaning. According to journalist and author Peter C. Newman, \"On the printed page, it makes little sense. But from the platform, its effect was far different.\" Both Newman and Meisel cite as an example of this the conclusion to the leader's Massey Hall speech:", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 66], "content_span": [67, 851]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074738-0029-0000", "contents": "1957 Canadian federal election, Campaign, Progressive Conservative\nIf we are dedicated to this\u2014and to this we are\u2014you, my fellow Canadians, will require all the wisdom, all the power that comes from those spiritual springs that make freedom possible\u2014all the wisdom, all the faith and all the vision which the Conservative Party gave but yesterday under Macdonald, change to meet changing conditions, today having the responsibility of this party to lay the foundations of this nation for a great and glorious future.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 66], "content_span": [67, 516]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074738-0030-0000", "contents": "1957 Canadian federal election, Campaign, Progressive Conservative\nDiefenbaker's speeches contained words which evoked powerful emotions in his listeners. His theme was that Canada was on the edge of greatness\u2014if it could only get rid of its incompetent and arrogant government. He stressed that the only alternative to the Liberals was a \"Diefenbaker government\". According to Newman, Diefenbaker successfully drew on the discontent both of those who had prospered in the 1950s, and sought some deeper personal and national purpose, as well as those who had been left out of the prosperity. However, Diefenbaker spoke French badly and the excitement generated by his campaign had little effect in francophone Quebec, where apathy prevailed and Le Devoir spoke of \"une campaigne \u00e9lectorale au chloroforme\".", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 66], "content_span": [67, 806]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074738-0031-0000", "contents": "1957 Canadian federal election, Campaign, Progressive Conservative\nThe Tories had performed badly in British Columbia in 1953, finishing a weak fourth. However, the province responded to Diefenbaker, and 3,800 turned out for his Victoria speech on May 21, his largest crowd yet. This was bettered two days later in Vancouver with a crowd of 6,000, with even the street outside the Georgia Street Auditorium packed with Tory partisans. Diefenbaker responded to this by delivering what Dick Spencer (who wrote a book on Diefenbaker's campaigns) considered his greatest speech of the 1957 race, and which Newman considered the turning point of Diefenbaker's campaign.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 66], "content_span": [67, 664]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074738-0031-0001", "contents": "1957 Canadian federal election, Campaign, Progressive Conservative\nDiefenbaker stated, \"I give this assurance to Canadians\u2014that the government shall be the servant and not the master of the people\u00a0... The road of the Liberal party, unless it is stopped\u2014and Howe has said, 'Who's going to stop us? ' \u2014will lead to the virtual extinction of parliamentary government. You will have the form, but the substance will be gone.\"", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 66], "content_span": [67, 421]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074738-0032-0000", "contents": "1957 Canadian federal election, Campaign, Progressive Conservative\nThe Liberal-leaning Winnipeg Free Press, writing shortly after Diefenbaker's speeches in British Columbia, commented on them:", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 66], "content_span": [67, 192]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074738-0033-0000", "contents": "1957 Canadian federal election, Campaign, Progressive Conservative\nFacts were overwhelmed with sound, passion substituted for arithmetic, moral indignation pumped up to the bursting point. But Mr. Diefenbaker provided the liveliest show of the election\u00a0... and many listeners undoubtedly failed to notice that he was saying even less than the Prime Minister, though saying it more shrilly and with evangelistic fervour\u00a0... Mr. Diefenbaker has chosen instead to cast himself as the humble man in a mood of protest, the common Canadian outraged by Liberal prosperity, the little guy fighting for his rights. So far as the crowds mean anything, that posture is a brilliant success at one-night stands.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 66], "content_span": [67, 698]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074738-0034-0000", "contents": "1957 Canadian federal election, Campaign, Progressive Conservative\nOn June 6, the two major party campaigns crossed paths in Woodstock, Ontario. Speaking in the afternoon, St. Laurent drew a crowd of 200. To the shock of St. Laurent staffers, who remained for the Diefenbaker appearance, the PC leader drew an overflow crowd of over a thousand that evening, even though he was an hour late, with announcements made to the excited crowd that he was slowed by voters who wanted only to see him or shake his hand.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 66], "content_span": [67, 510]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074738-0035-0000", "contents": "1957 Canadian federal election, Campaign, Progressive Conservative\nDiefenbaker's intensive campaign exhausted the handful of national reporters who followed him. Clark Davey of The Globe and Mail stated, \"We did not know how he did it.\" Reporters thought the Progressive Conservatives might, at best, gain 30 or 35\u00a0seats over the 53 they had at dissolution, and when Diefenbaker, off the record, told the reporters that the Tories would win 97 seats (which would still allow the Liberals to form the government), they concluded he was guilty of wishful thinking. Diefenbaker was even more confident in public; after he concluded his national tour and returned to his constituency, he addressed his final rally in Nipawin, Saskatchewan: \"On Monday, I'll be Prime Minister.\"", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 66], "content_span": [67, 772]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074738-0036-0000", "contents": "1957 Canadian federal election, Campaign, Liberal\nSt. Laurent was utterly confident of an election victory, so much so that he did not even bother to fill the sixteen vacancies in the Senate. He had been confident of re-election when Drew led the Tories, and, according to Liberal minister Lionel Chevrier, Diefenbaker's victory in the party leadership race increased his confidence by a factor of ten. At his press conference detailing his election tour, St. Laurent stated, \"I have no doubt about the election outcome.\"", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 49], "content_span": [50, 521]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074738-0036-0001", "contents": "1957 Canadian federal election, Campaign, Liberal\nHe indicated that his campaign would open April 29 in Winnipeg, and that the Prime Minister would spend ten days in Western Canada before moving east. However, he indicated he would first go home to Quebec City for several days around Easter (April 21 in 1957). This break kept him out of the limelight for ten days at a time when Diefenbaker was already actively campaigning and making daily headlines. At a campaign stop in Jarvis, Ontario, St. Laurent told an aide that he was afraid the right-wing, anti-Catholic Social Credit Party would be the next Opposition. St. Laurent denied Opposition claims that he would resign after an election victory, and the 75-year-old indicated that he planned to run again in 1961, if he was still around.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 49], "content_span": [50, 793]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074738-0037-0000", "contents": "1957 Canadian federal election, Campaign, Liberal\nThe Liberals made no new, radical proposals during their campaign, but instead ran a quiet campaign with occasional attacks on the opposition parties. They were convinced that the public still supported their party, and that no expensive promises need be made to voters. St. Laurent was made the image of the nation's prosperity, and the Liberals refused to admit any reason for discontent existed. When Minister of Finance Harris proposed raising the upcoming increase in old age pension by an additional four dollars a month, St. Laurent refused to consider it, feeling that the increase had been calculated on the basis of the available facts, and those facts had not changed.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 49], "content_span": [50, 729]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074738-0038-0000", "contents": "1957 Canadian federal election, Campaign, Liberal\nDuring the Prime Minister's Western swing, St. Laurent made formal speeches only in major cities. In contrast to Diefenbaker's whistle-stop train touring, with a hasty speech in each town as the train passed through, the Liberals allowed ample time for \"Uncle Louis\" to shake hands with voters, pat their children on the head, and kiss their babies. In British Columbia, St. Laurent took the position that there were hardly any national issues worth discussing\u2014the Liberals had brought Canada prosperity and all that was needed for more of the same was to return the party to office.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 49], "content_span": [50, 633]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074738-0038-0001", "contents": "1957 Canadian federal election, Campaign, Liberal\nAfter touring Western Canada, St. Laurent spent the remainder of the second week of the campaign returning to, and in, Ottawa. The third week opened with a major speech in Quebec City, followed by intensive campaigning in Ontario. The fifth week was devoted to the Maritime provinces and Eastern Quebec. The sixth week opened with a major rally in Ottawa, before St. Laurent returned to the Maritimes and Quebec, and the final week was spent in Ontario before St. Laurent returned to his hometown of Quebec City for the election.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 49], "content_span": [50, 579]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074738-0039-0000", "contents": "1957 Canadian federal election, Campaign, Liberal\nSt. Laurent tried to project an image as a family man, and to that end often addressed schoolchildren. As he had in previous elections, he spoke to small groups of children regarding Canadian history or civics. The strategy backfired while addressing children in Port Hope, Ontario. With the children inattentive, some playing tag or sticking cameras in his face, St. Laurent angrily told them that it was their loss if they did not pay attention, as the country would be theirs to worry about far longer than it would be his.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 49], "content_span": [50, 576]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074738-0040-0000", "contents": "1957 Canadian federal election, Campaign, Liberal\nSt. Laurent and the Liberals suffered other problems during the campaign. According to Newman, St. Laurent sometimes seemed unaware of what was happening around him, and at one campaign stop, shook hands with the reporters who were following him, under the apparent impression they were local voters. On the evening of Diefenbaker's Vancouver speech, St. Laurent drew 400\u00a0voters to a rally in Sherbrooke, Quebec, where he had once lived. C.D. Howe, under heavy pressure from the campaign of CCF candidate Doug Fisher in his Ontario riding, intimated that Fisher had communist links.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 49], "content_span": [50, 632]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074738-0040-0001", "contents": "1957 Canadian federal election, Campaign, Liberal\nAt a rally in Manitoba, Howe offended a voter who told him the farmers were starving to death, poking the voter in the stomach and saying \"Looks like you've been eating pretty well under a Liberal government.\" At another rally, Howe dismissed a persistent Liberal questioner, saying \"Look here, my good man, when the election comes, why don't you just go away and vote for the party you support? In fact, why don't you just go away?\"", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 49], "content_span": [50, 483]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074738-0041-0000", "contents": "1957 Canadian federal election, Campaign, Liberal\nThe Liberals concluded their campaign with a large rally at Toronto's Maple Leaf Gardens on June 7. Entertainment at the event was provided by the Leslie Bell singers, and according to Grosart, many in the audience were Tory supporters who had turned out to hear them. St. Laurent's speech at the rally was interrupted when William Hatton, a 15-year-old boy from Malton, Ontario, climbed onto the platform. Hatton carried a banner reading, \"This Can't Be Canada\" with a Liberal placard bearing St. Laurent's photograph, and moved to face the Prime Minister.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 49], "content_span": [50, 607]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074738-0041-0001", "contents": "1957 Canadian federal election, Campaign, Liberal\nMeisel describes Hatton as an \"otherwise politically apathetic boy who\u00a0... slowly and deliberately tore up a photograph of the Prime Minister as the latter was speaking\" and states that Hatton engaged in \"intensely provocative behavior\". Liberal partisans interceded, and in the ensuing fracas, Hatton fell from the platform, audibly hitting his head on the concrete floor. St. Laurent watched in apparent shock, according to his biographer Dale Tompson, as officials aided the boy and took him from the hall.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 49], "content_span": [50, 559]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074738-0041-0002", "contents": "1957 Canadian federal election, Campaign, Liberal\nAccording to Tompson, the crowd \"turned its indignation on the men on the platform\" and spent the remainder of the evening wondering about the boy's possible injuries rather than listening to the Prime Minister's speech. Hatton was not seriously injured, but, according to Newman, \"the accident added to the image of the Liberal Party as an unrepentant arrogant group of old men, willing to ride roughshod over voters\". Grosart later described the incident as \"the turning point\" of the campaign.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 49], "content_span": [50, 546]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074738-0041-0003", "contents": "1957 Canadian federal election, Campaign, Liberal\nProfessor Meisel speculated that the Hatton incident might have been part of an organized campaign to annoy St. Laurent out of his pleasant \"Uncle Louis\" persona, and Grosart later related that Liberal frontbencher Jack Pickersgill always accused him of being behind the boy's actions, but that the incident was \"a sheer accident\". Hatton's mother described his actions as \"[j]ust a schoolboy prank,\" and a reaction to reading an article about how the art of heckling was dying.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 49], "content_span": [50, 528]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074738-0041-0004", "contents": "1957 Canadian federal election, Campaign, Liberal\nAccording to public relations executive J.G. Johnston in a letter to Diefenbaker on June 10, Hatton had come to the rally with several other boys, including Johnston's son, but had gone off on his own while the other boys paraded with Diefenbaker posters which had been smuggled inside. According to Johnston, Hatton was caught on CBC tape saying to St. Laurent, \"I can no longer stand your hypocrisy, Sir\" before tearing the St. Laurent poster. Attempts by Johnston to have the Liberal activist who pushed Hatton off the platform arrested failed, according to Johnston, on the ground that the police could find no witnesses.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 49], "content_span": [50, 675]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074738-0042-0000", "contents": "1957 Canadian federal election, Campaign, CCF\nThe CCF was a socialist party, which had much of its strength in Saskatchewan, though it ran candidates in several other provinces. At Parliament's dissolution in April 1957, it had 23 MPs, from five different provinces. Aside from the Liberals and the Tories, it was the only party to nominate a candidate in a majority of the ridings. In 1957, the party was led by Saskatchewan MP M.J. Coldwell.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 45], "content_span": [46, 443]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074738-0043-0000", "contents": "1957 Canadian federal election, Campaign, CCF\nIn 1956, the party adopted the Winnipeg Declaration, a far more moderate proposal than its previous governing document, the 1933 Regina Manifesto. For example, the Regina Manifesto pledged the CCF to the eradication of capitalism; the Winnipeg Declaration recognized the utility of private ownership of business, and stated that the government should own business only when it was in the public interest. In its election campaign, the CCF did not promise to nationalize any industries. It promised changes in the tax code in order to increase the redistribution of wealth in Canada.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 45], "content_span": [46, 628]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074738-0043-0001", "contents": "1957 Canadian federal election, Campaign, CCF\nIt pledged to increase exemptions from income tax, to allow medical expenses to be considered deductions from income for tax purposes, and to eliminate sales tax on food, clothing, and other necessities of life. It also promised to raise taxes on the higher income brackets and to eliminate the favourable tax treatment of corporate dividends.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 45], "content_span": [46, 389]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074738-0044-0000", "contents": "1957 Canadian federal election, Campaign, CCF\nThe CCF represented many agricultural areas in the Commons, and it proposed several measures to assure financial security for farmers. It proposed national growers' cooperatives for agricultural products which were exported. It proposed cash advances for farm-stored wheat, short and long-term loans for farmers at low interest rates, and government support of prices, to assure the farmer a full income even in bad years. For the Atlantic fisherman, the CCF proposed cash advances at the start of the fishing season and government-owned depots which would sell fishing equipment and supplies to fishermen at much lower than market prices.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 45], "content_span": [46, 685]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074738-0045-0000", "contents": "1957 Canadian federal election, Campaign, CCF\nColdwell suffered from a heart condition, and undertook a much less ambitious schedule than the major party leaders. The party leader left Ottawa for his riding, Rosetown\u2014Biggar in Saskatchewan, on April 26, and remained there until May 10. He spent three days campaigning in Ontario, then moved west to the major cities of the prairie provinces and British Columbia, before returning to his riding for the final days before the June 10 election. Other CCF leaders took charge of campaigning in Quebec and the Maritimes.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 45], "content_span": [46, 566]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074738-0046-0000", "contents": "1957 Canadian federal election, Campaign, Social Credit\nBy 1957, the Social Credit Party of Canada had moved far afield from the theories of social credit economics, which its candidates rarely mentioned. Canada's far-right party, the Socreds were led by Solon Low, though its Alberta leader, Premier Ernest Manning, was highly influential in the party. The Socreds' election programme was based on the demand \"that Government get out of business and make way for private enterprise\" and on their hatred of \"all government-inspired schemes to degrade man and make him subservient to the state or any monopoly\".", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 55], "content_span": [56, 610]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074738-0047-0000", "contents": "1957 Canadian federal election, Campaign, Social Credit\nThe Socreds proposed an increase in the old age pension to $100 per month. They called for the reversal of the government's tight money policies, and for low income loans for small business and farmers. It asked for income tax exemptions to be increased to meet the cost of living, and a national housing programme to make home ownership possible for every Canadian family. The party called for a national security policy based on the need for defence, rather than \"aggression\", and for a foreign policy which would include food aid to the less-developed nations.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 55], "content_span": [56, 619]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074738-0048-0000", "contents": "1957 Canadian federal election, Campaign, Social Credit\nThe Socreds also objected to the CBC and other spending in the arts and broadcasting. The party felt that the government should solve economic problems before spending money on the arts.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 55], "content_span": [56, 242]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074738-0049-0000", "contents": "1957 Canadian federal election, Campaign, Social Credit\nLow challenged the Prime Minister over the Suez issue, accusing him of sending a threatening telegram that caused British Prime Minister Anthony Eden to back off the invasion and so gave the Soviets the opportunity for a military buildup in Egypt. St. Laurent angrily denied the charge and offered to open his correspondence to any of the fifty privy councillors who could then announce whether St. Laurent was telling the truth. Low took St. Laurent up on his challenge, and selected the only living former Prime Minister, Tory Arthur Meighen, but the matter was not resolved before the election, and Meighen was not called upon to examine the correspondence in the election's aftermath.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 55], "content_span": [56, 744]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074738-0050-0000", "contents": "1957 Canadian federal election, Campaign, Social Credit\nThe Social Credit Party was weakened by considerable conflict between its organizations in the two provinces it controlled, Alberta and British Columbia. It failed to establish a strong national office to run the campaign due to infighting between the two groups. However, it was better financed than the CCF, due to its popularity among business groups in the West.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 55], "content_span": [56, 422]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074738-0051-0000", "contents": "1957 Canadian federal election, Campaign, Social Credit\nThe Socreds hoped to establish themselves in Ontario, and scheduled their opening rally for Massey Hall in Toronto. The rally was a failure, and even though it ran 40\u00a0candidates in Ontario (up from 9 in 1953), the party won no seats in the province.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 55], "content_span": [56, 305]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074738-0052-0000", "contents": "1957 Canadian federal election, Campaign, Use of television\nIn 1957, the Canadian Broadcasting Corporation gave the four recognized parties free air time for political statements. The television broadcast's audio tracks served also for use on radio. The three opposition parties gave their party leader all of the broadcast time, though Diefenbaker, who did not speak French well, played only a limited role in the Tories' French-language broadcasts. In one, he introduced party president L\u00e9on Balcer, a Quebecer, who gave the speech. Diefenbaker had no objection to makeup and, according to Meisel, was prepared to adopt any technique which would make his presentation more effective. A survey in populous southwestern Ontario showed that Diefenbaker made the strongest impression of the four leaders.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 59], "content_span": [60, 802]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074738-0053-0000", "contents": "1957 Canadian federal election, Campaign, Use of television\nAccording to Liberal minister Paul Martin Sr. (the father of the future Prime Minister), St. Laurent had the potential to be quite good on television, but disliked the medium. He was prejudiced against television appearances, considering such speeches the equivalent of carefully planned performances, such as stage shows. He refused to be made up for the telecasts, and insisted on reading his speech from a script. His advisers switched him to a teleprompter, but this failed to make his performances more relaxed. When reading, he would rarely look at the camera.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 59], "content_span": [60, 626]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074738-0053-0001", "contents": "1957 Canadian federal election, Campaign, Use of television\nHowever, St. Laurent made only occasional television appearances (three in each language), letting his ministers make the remainder. Only one cabinet member, Minister of National Defence Ralph Campney took advantage of the course in television techniques offered by the Liberal Party in a dummy studio in its Ottawa headquarters. This lack of preparation, according to Meisel, led to \"a fiasco\" during a television address by Minister of Justice Stuart Garson in early June when the teleprompter stopped working during the speech and Garson \"was unable to cope effectively with the failure\".", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 59], "content_span": [60, 651]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074738-0054-0000", "contents": "1957 Canadian federal election, Election\nMost predictions had the Tories picking up seats, but the Liberals maintaining a majority. The New York Times reported that Liberals expected to lose a majority of Ontario's seats, but retain a narrow majority in the House of Commons. Time magazine predicted a Tory gain of 20 to 40\u00a0seats and stated that any result which denied the Liberals 133\u00a0seats and a majority \"would rank as a major upset\". Beck indicates that many journalists, including those sympathetic to the Tories, saw signs of the coming upset, but disregarded them, convinced that the government was invulnerable. Maclean's, which printed its postelection issue before the election to go on sale the morning after, ran an editorial noting that Canadians had freely chosen to reelect the Liberal Party.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 40], "content_span": [41, 808]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074738-0055-0000", "contents": "1957 Canadian federal election, Election\nOn Election Night, the first returns came in from Sable Island, Nova Scotia. Usually a Liberal stronghold, the handful of residents there favoured the Tories by two votes. St. Laurent listened to the election returns on a radio in the living room of his home on Grande All\u00e9e in Quebec City, and when the radio broke, moved to an upstairs television set. Diefenbaker began the evening at his house in Prince Albert, and once his re-election to the Commons was certain, moved to his local campaign headquarters.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 40], "content_span": [41, 550]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074738-0056-0000", "contents": "1957 Canadian federal election, Election\nThe Conservatives did well in Atlantic Canada, gaining two seats in Newfoundland and nine in Nova Scotia, and sweeping Prince Edward Island's four seats. However, in Quebec, they gained only five seats as the province returned 62\u00a0Liberals. The Tories gained 29\u00a0seats in Ontario. Howe was defeated by Fisher, and told the media that some strange disease was sweeping the country, but as for him, he was going to bed.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 40], "content_span": [41, 456]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074738-0056-0001", "contents": "1957 Canadian federal election, Election\nThe Liberals still led by a narrow margin as the returns began to come in from Manitoba, and St. Laurent told Liberal minister Pickersgill that he hoped that the Tories would get at least one more seat than the Liberals so they could get out of an appalling situation. As the Tories forged ahead in Western Canada, Diefenbaker flew from Prince Albert to Regina to deliver a television address and shouted to Grosart as yet another cabinet minister was defeated, \"Allister, how does the architect feel?\" Late that evening, St. Laurent went to the Ch\u00e2teau Frontenac hotel for a televised speech, delivered before fifty supporters.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 40], "content_span": [41, 669]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074738-0057-0000", "contents": "1957 Canadian federal election, Election\nThe Tories finished with 112\u00a0seats to the Liberals' 105, while both the CCF and Social Credit gained seats in Western Canada and finished with 25 and 19\u00a0seats respectively. Nine cabinet ministers, including Howe, Marler, Garson, Campney and Harris were defeated. Though the Liberals outpolled the Tories by over 100,000\u00a0votes, most of those votes were wasted running up huge margins in Quebec. St. Laurent could have constitutionally hung onto power until defeated in the House, but he chose not to, and John Diefenbaker took office as Prime Minister of Canada on June 21, 1957.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 40], "content_span": [41, 619]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074738-0058-0000", "contents": "1957 Canadian federal election, Election, Irregularities\nAfter the election, the Chief Electoral Officer reported to the Speaker of the House of Commons that \"the general election appears to have been satisfactorily conducted in accordance with the procedure in the Canada Elections Act\".", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 56], "content_span": [57, 288]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074738-0059-0000", "contents": "1957 Canadian federal election, Election, Irregularities\nThere were, however, a number of irregularities. In the Toronto riding of St. Paul's, four Liberal workers were convicted of various offences for adding almost five hundred names to the electoral register. One of the four was also convicted for two counts of perjury. While the unsuccessful Liberal candidate, former MP James Rooney, was not charged, Ontario Chief Justice James Chalmers McRuer, who investigated the matter, doubted that this could have been done without the candidate's knowledge.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 56], "content_span": [57, 555]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074738-0060-0000", "contents": "1957 Canadian federal election, Election, Irregularities\nVarious violations of law, including illicitly opening ballot boxes, illegal possession of ballots, and adding names to the electoral register, took place in twelve Quebec ridings. The RCMP felt it had enough evidence to prosecute in five ridings, and a total of twelve people were convicted. The offences did not affect the outcome of any races.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 56], "content_span": [57, 403]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074738-0061-0000", "contents": "1957 Canadian federal election, Election, Irregularities\nThe election of the Liberal candidate in Yukon was contested by the losing Tory candidate. After a trial before the Yukon Territorial Court, that court voided the election, holding that enough ineligible people had been permitted to vote to affect the outcome, though the court noted that it was not the fault of the Liberal candidate that these irregularities had occurred. The Tory, Erik Nielsen, won the new election in December 1957.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 56], "content_span": [57, 494]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074738-0062-0000", "contents": "1957 Canadian federal election, Election, Irregularities\nThe election in one Ontario riding, Wellington South was postponed pursuant to statute after the death of the Liberal candidate and MP, Henry Alfred Hosking during the campaign. The Tory candidate, Alfred Hales, defeated Liberal David Tolton and CCF candidate Thomas Withers on July 15, 1957.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 56], "content_span": [57, 349]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074738-0063-0000", "contents": "1957 Canadian federal election, Impact\nThe unexpected defeat of the Liberals was ascribed to various causes. The Ottawa Citizen stated that the defeat could be attributed to \"the uneasy talk\u00a0... that the Liberals have been in too long.\" Tom Kent of the Winnipeg Free Press, a future Liberal deputy minister, wrote that though the Liberal record had been the best in the democratic world, the party had failed miserably to explain it.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 38], "content_span": [39, 433]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074738-0063-0001", "contents": "1957 Canadian federal election, Impact\nAuthor and political scientist H.S. Ferns disagreed with Kent, stating that Kent's view reflected the Liberal \"assumption that 'Nobody's going to shoot Santa Claus'\" and that Canadians in the 1957 election were motivated by things other than material interests. Peter Regenstreif cited the Progressive Conservative strategy in the 1957 and 1958 elections \"as classics of ingenuity unequalled in Canadian political history. Much of the credit belongs to Diefenbaker himself; at least some must go to Allister Grosart\". A survey taken of those who abandoned the Liberals in 1957 showed that 5.1% did so because of Suez, 38.2% because of the Pipeline Debate, 26.7% because of what they considered an inadequate increase in the old age pension, and 30% because it was time for a change.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 38], "content_span": [39, 821]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074738-0064-0000", "contents": "1957 Canadian federal election, Impact\nThe results of the election surprised the civil service as much as it did the rest of the public. Civil servant and future Liberal minister Mitchell Sharp asked C.D. Howe's replacement as Minister of Trade and Commerce, Gordon Churchill, not to come to the Ministry's offices for several days as they were redecorating. Churchill later learned that the staff were moving files out. When Churchill finally came to the Ministry's offices, he was met with what he termed \"the coldest reception that I have ever received in my life\". The new Minister of Labour, Michael Starr, was ticketed three days in a row for parking in the minister's spot.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 38], "content_span": [39, 680]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074738-0065-0000", "contents": "1957 Canadian federal election, Impact\nSt. Laurent resigned as leader of the Liberal Party on September 5, 1957, but agreed to stay on until a successor was elected. With a lame-duck leader, the Liberals were ineffective in opposition. Paul Martin stated that \"I'm sure I never thought the day would come when [Diefenbaker] would ever be a member of a government, let alone head of it. When that happened, the world had come to an end as far as I was concerned.\" In January 1958, St. Laurent was succeeded by Lester Pearson.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 38], "content_span": [39, 524]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074738-0066-0000", "contents": "1957 Canadian federal election, Impact\nEven in reporting the election result, newspapers suggested that Diefenbaker would soon call another election and seek a majority. Quebec Tory MP William Hamilton (who would soon become Postmaster General under Diefenbaker) predicted on the evening of June 10 that there would soon be another election, in which the Tories would do much better in Quebec. The Tory government initially proved popular among the Canadian people, and shortly after Pearson became Liberal leader, Diefenbaker called a snap election. On March 31, 1958, the Tories won the greatest landslide in Canadian federal electoral history in terms of the percentage of seats, taking 208\u00a0seats (including fifty in Quebec) to the Liberals' 48, with the CCF winning eight and none for Social Credit.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 38], "content_span": [39, 803]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074738-0067-0000", "contents": "1957 Canadian federal election, Impact\nMichael Bliss, who wrote a survey of the Canadian Prime Ministers, alluded to Howe's dismissive comments regarding the Tories as he summed up the 1957 election:", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 38], "content_span": [39, 199]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074738-0068-0000", "contents": "1957 Canadian federal election, Impact\nThe pipeline debate of 1956 sparked a dramatic opposition stand on the importance of free parliamentary debate. Their arrogance did the Grits [Liberals] enormous damage, contributing heavily to the government's problems in the 1957 general election. Under the glare of television cameras in that campaign, St. Laurent, Howe, and company now appeared to be a lot of wooden, tired old men who had lost touch with Canada. The voters decided to stop them.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 38], "content_span": [39, 490]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074739-0000-0000", "contents": "1957 Cannes Film Festival\nThe 10th Cannes Film Festival was held from 2 to 17 May 1957.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [25, 25], "content_span": [26, 87]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074739-0001-0000", "contents": "1957 Cannes Film Festival\nNights of Cabiria by Federico Fellini, La casa del \u00e1ngel by Leopoldo Torre Nilsson, A Man Escaped by Robert Bresson, and The Seventh Seal by Ingmar Bergman were entered for the Palme d'Or. They lost to Friendly Persuasion by William Wyler. The festival opened with Around the World in 80 Days by Michael Anderson. During the 1957 Cannes Film Festival, Dolores del R\u00edo was the first female member of the jury for the official selection.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [25, 25], "content_span": [26, 461]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074739-0002-0000", "contents": "1957 Cannes Film Festival, Jury\nThe following people were appointed as the Jury of the 1957 competition:", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [27, 31], "content_span": [32, 104]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074739-0003-0000", "contents": "1957 Cannes Film Festival, Out of competition\nThe following film was selected to be screened out of competition:", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [27, 45], "content_span": [46, 112]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074739-0004-0000", "contents": "1957 Cannes Film Festival, Short film competition\nThe following short films competed for the Short Film Palme d'Or:", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [27, 49], "content_span": [50, 115]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074740-0000-0000", "contents": "1957 Caribbean Series\nThe ninth edition of the Caribbean Series (Serie del Caribe) was played in 1957. It was held from February 9 through February 14, featuring the champion baseball teams of Cuba, Tigres de Marianao; Panama, Cerveza Balboa; Puerto Rico, Indios de Mayag\u00fcez, and Venezuela, Leones del Caracas. The format consisted of 12 games, each team facing the other teams twice. The games were played at Estadio del Cerro in Havana, the Cuban capital. The first pitch was thrown by Ford Frick, by then the Commissioner of Major League Baseball.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [21, 21], "content_span": [22, 550]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074740-0001-0000", "contents": "1957 Caribbean Series, Summary\nThe Cuban team was managed by Napole\u00f3n Reyes and finished with a 5\u20131 mark, with their only loss coming to Puerto Rico. Marianao offensive was clearly guided by Series MVP outfielder Solly Drake, who won the batting title with a .500 batting average and also led in runs (9), hits (11) and stolen bases (4). Supporting him were fellow OF  Minnie Mi\u00f1oso (.391, seven RBI, five runs) and catcher Hal Smith (.273, seven RBI). Pitcher Jim Bunning got two wins with a 0.61 ERA, including a seven-hit, one-run game and \u200b5\u00a02\u20443 scoreless innings of relief. Behind him were Mike Fornieles (1\u20130, 3.00), Bill Werle (1\u20131, 3.94) and Conrado Marrero (0\u20130, 2.70). Also in the roster were reliever Enrique Maroto and infielders Julio B\u00e9cquer, Harold Bevan and Jos\u00e9 Valdivielso.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [23, 30], "content_span": [31, 791]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074740-0002-0000", "contents": "1957 Caribbean Series, Summary\nPanama, managed by catcher Le\u00f3n Kellman, posted a 3\u20133 record for a surprising second-place finish. Balboa most prominent player was Winston Brown, who pitched a six-hit, one run complete game and a four-hit shutout, in both cases against Venezuela. Another gem game from George Brunet (1\u20131, 17 SO, 1.76 ERA), who pitched the first shutout for a Panamanian team in Series history, and also hit one of the club's two homers. 1B Harold Gordon led the attack with a .412 BA. Other roster members included 2B H\u00e9ctor L\u00f3pez and P Dutch Romberger.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [23, 30], "content_span": [31, 570]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074740-0003-0000", "contents": "1957 Caribbean Series, Summary\nPuerto Rico tied with Venezuela for third place with a 2\u20134 mark. The Mayag\u00fcez team was piloted by Mickey Owen, while RF Canena M\u00e1rquez provided the support attack (375, three HR, five runs, .792 SLG). The other major contributors were 1B Bob Speake (.391, one HR, five RBI, .652 SLG) and P Jos\u00e9 Santiago, who handed Marianao their only lost, throwing a three-hit shutout. Puerto Rico also featured 2B Bob Aspromonte, OF Bob Smith, and pitchers Herb Plews and Pete Wojey, among others.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [23, 30], "content_span": [31, 515]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074740-0004-0000", "contents": "1957 Caribbean Series, Summary\nVenezuela, guided by Clay Bryant, included C John Roseboro (.376 BA, .556 SLG); IFs Rudy Regalado (.292 BA), Pompeyo Davalillo (.381, three SB, four runs), Chico Carrasquel (.292, HR, .458 SLG) and Luis Garc\u00eda (2-for-13, 2B, RBI), as well as OFs Tom Burgess (4-for-24) and Bob Wilson (4-for-22). Caracas pitchers Babe Birrer (1\u20131, 2.60) and Juli\u00e1n Ladera (1\u20130, 2.25) collected the only wins for the team in complete-game efforts. Emilio Cueche took a complete-game loss after giving up two unearned runs in Game 5, and later hurled two scoreless innings of relief for a perfect 0.00 ERA, the best for the Series.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [23, 30], "content_span": [31, 643]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074741-0000-0000", "contents": "1957 Carmarthen by-election\nThe Carmarthen by-election of 1957 in Carmarthenshire, Wales, was notable for resulting in the nadir of the British Liberal Party.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [27, 27], "content_span": [28, 158]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074741-0001-0000", "contents": "1957 Carmarthen by-election\nThe seat became vacant as a result of the death of Sir Rhys Hopkin Morris on 22 November 1956. The Liberal Party was in a period of decline and Hopkin Morris had been one of only six Liberal Members of Parliament. Hopkin Morris's majorities had been narrow and it was recognised that a significant number of voters had favoured him personally and might not transfer their allegiance to a new Liberal candidate.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [27, 27], "content_span": [28, 438]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074741-0002-0000", "contents": "1957 Carmarthen by-election\nFurther distress for the Liberals was caused by the announcement that Lady Megan Lloyd George, a former Liberal MP with a national reputation, would be running as the Labour candidate. Previously selected prospective candidate for Labour, Brynley Thomas, stood down in her favour. The local Liberals created another dilemma by choosing John Morgan Davies as their candidate; the Liberals were seeking to challenge the ruling Conservatives over the ongoing Suez Crisis and Morgan Davies, like Hopkin Morris, had publicly taken a pro-government stand on the issue. Jo Grimond, who had assumed leadership of the Liberal Party only a few weeks before, had to choose whether to support or disown Morgan Davies. He chose to support him.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [27, 27], "content_span": [28, 758]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074741-0003-0000", "contents": "1957 Carmarthen by-election\nThe other candidate who ran for the seat was Jennie Eirian Davies of Plaid Cymru.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [27, 27], "content_span": [28, 109]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074741-0004-0000", "contents": "1957 Carmarthen by-election\nThe Conservatives did not run a candidate; they had not contested the seat since 1935, as one of several seats where the local Conservative and Liberal parties came to agreements where one party would not field a candidate, in order to avoid vote-splitting that could allow Labour to win. This was the second to last by-election in Great Britain, during the 20th Century, in which they did not stand, the last being the unusual circumstances of the 1963 Bristol South East by-election.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [27, 27], "content_span": [28, 513]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074741-0005-0000", "contents": "1957 Carmarthen by-election\nThe election was held on 28 February 1957. Lloyd George won the seat, swinging the district from Liberal to Labour and dropping the Liberal Party to their historic low of only five seats in Parliament.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [27, 27], "content_span": [28, 229]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074742-0000-0000", "contents": "1957 Cebu Douglas C-47 crash\nOn March 17, 1957, a C-47 Skytrain transport aircraft crashed on the slopes of Mount Manunggal on the island of Cebu in the Philippines. The crash killed 25 of the aircraft's 26 occupants, including the incumbent president of the Philippines, Ramon Magsaysay. Several high-ranking Philippine government ministers, military officials, and journalists were also among the dead. The sole survivor was a reporter for the Philippine Herald, Nestor Mata.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [28, 28], "content_span": [29, 477]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074742-0001-0000", "contents": "1957 Cebu Douglas C-47 crash\nAt the time of his death, President Magsaysay, a Nacionalista, was widely popular and was expected to easily win re-election in the presidential elections to be held in November 1957.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [28, 28], "content_span": [29, 212]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074742-0002-0000", "contents": "1957 Cebu Douglas C-47 crash, Aircraft and crew\nThe aircraft involved in the crash was a newly reconditioned twin engine C-47A-75-DL Skytrain, which was operated by the Philippine Air Force and served as the official presidential plane of Magsaysay. The plane had been newly purchased with less than 100 hours of logged flight. It had a crew of five, all officers of the Philippine Air Force led by the pilot, Major Florencio Pobre.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 47], "content_span": [48, 432]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074742-0003-0000", "contents": "1957 Cebu Douglas C-47 crash, Aircraft and crew\nThe plane was named Mt. Pinatubo, after a long-inactive volcano then best known as the tallest mountain in Magsaysay's home province of Zambales. Mount Pinatubo, which had been dormant since the 14th century, later became active in 1991 and produced the second-largest terrestrial eruption of the 20th century, leaving over 800 people dead.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 47], "content_span": [48, 388]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074742-0004-0000", "contents": "1957 Cebu Douglas C-47 crash, Accident\nOn March 16, 1957, President Magsaysay arrived at Cebu City for a series of speaking engagements in the city later that day. He spoke at a convention of USAFFE veterans, at the University of the Visayas, the Southwestern College and at the University of San Carlos. In the evening, he attended a party at the home of Cebu City mayor Sergio Osme\u00f1a, Jr. He left for Lahug Airport and boarded his plane shortly before midnight, sent off at the airport by a group led by the mayor's father, former President Sergio Osme\u00f1a.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 38], "content_span": [39, 557]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074742-0005-0000", "contents": "1957 Cebu Douglas C-47 crash, Accident\nThe aircraft took off from Lahug Airport for Nichols Field, around 640 kilometers away near Manila, at 01:00\u00a0a.m., Sunday, March 17. The weather was fine and the ceiling unlimited with low broken clouds and a bright moon. Eyewitnesses on the ground observed that the airplane had not gained enough altitude as it approached the mountain ranges in Balamban. At 01:17\u00a0a.m., the plane radioed the official presidential home, Malaca\u00f1ang, to have the President fetched at Nichols Field at around 03:15 AM. This communication was the last ever conveyed by the plane.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 38], "content_span": [39, 599]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074742-0006-0000", "contents": "1957 Cebu Douglas C-47 crash, Accident\nConcerns arose after Magsaysay's plane failed to arrive at Nichols Field on schedule. By breakfast time, First Lady Luz Magsaysay and the Magsaysay family were informed that the plane had gone missing. An all-out air and sea search was instituted by the Armed Forces of the Philippines, with the assistance of the United States Air Force and Navy. The search had initially focused on the sea, as much of the flight route was over the ocean. The news had also spread throughout Manila and the rest of the Philippines, people weeping openly upon hearing of the missing flight.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 38], "content_span": [39, 613]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074742-0007-0000", "contents": "1957 Cebu Douglas C-47 crash, Accident\nIn the mid-afternoon of March 17, a local town official in Cebu announced that the plane had crashed on the slopes of Mount Manunggal, in Balamban, Cebu, approximately 22 miles northwest of Cebu City. Several local residents had heard the crash and discovered the flaming wreckage of the plane on the morning of the 17th. They discovered one survivor, Nestor Mata, a reporter with the Philippine Herald newspaper, whom they transported down the mountain. Mata, who suffered second- and third-degree burns, estimated that the plane had crashed around 01:40\u00a0a.m. There were no other survivors.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 38], "content_span": [39, 630]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074742-0007-0001", "contents": "1957 Cebu Douglas C-47 crash, Accident\nMilitary rescuers arrived at the crash site the following day, March 18. The body of President Magsaysay was identified by his brother through his wristwatch and later confirmed by dental records. It was determined that at the time of the crash, Magsaysay had been inside his special cabin, located just behind the cockpit.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 38], "content_span": [39, 362]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074742-0008-0000", "contents": "1957 Cebu Douglas C-47 crash, Accident\nWithin hours after the official identification of President Magsaysay's body, Vice President Carlos P. Garcia was sworn in as the 8th President of the Philippines. At the time of the crash, Garcia had been in Australia, attending a conference of the SEATO.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 38], "content_span": [39, 295]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074742-0009-0000", "contents": "1957 Cebu Douglas C-47 crash, Passengers\nIn addition to President Magsaysay and Mata, the plane carried 24 others, including former Senator Tomas Cabili, a hero of the guerrilla resistance movement during World War II; Secretary of Education; Representative Pedro Lopez (1915\u20131957) of the 2nd District of Cebu; and General Benito Ebuen (1912\u20131957), commanding general of the Philippine Air Force. Also on board was former Olympian Felipe Nunag, then serving as an aide-de-camp to Magsaysay. The other passengers included various civilian and military aides to the President and three journalists.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 40], "content_span": [41, 596]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074742-0010-0000", "contents": "1957 Cebu Douglas C-47 crash, Investigation\nThere were initial speculations that sabotage had caused the plane crash. Magsaysay had first come into prominence when as Secretary of Defense during the Quirino administration, he had led the fight against the communist-inspired insurgency of the Hukbalahap movement. However, no evidence emerged to support the theory of sabotage. On April 27, 1957, the chief of the Philippine Constabulary, General Manuel F. Cabal, testified before a Senate committee that the crash had been caused by metal fatigue, which had broken a drive shaft that caused a power failure on board the plane shortly after takeoff. He added that while the plane was gaining altitude, the spindle drive shaft of the right engine  carburetor had snapped.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 43], "content_span": [44, 770]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074743-0000-0000", "contents": "1957 Central Michigan Chippewas football team\nThe 1957 Central Michigan Chippewas football team represented Central Michigan College, renamed Central Michigan University in 1959, in the Interstate Intercollegiate Athletic Conference (IIAC) during the 1957 NCAA College Division football season. In their seventh season under head coach Kenneth \"Bill\" Kelly, the Chippewas compiled a 4\u20136 record (4\u20132 against IIAC opponents) and were outscored by their opponents by a combined total of 222 to 220.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 45], "section_span": [45, 45], "content_span": [46, 495]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074743-0001-0000", "contents": "1957 Central Michigan Chippewas football team\nThe team's statistical leaders included Herb Kipke with 511 passing yards and Walter Beach with 1,084 rushing yards and 313 receiving yards. Guard Gordon Rinquist received the team's most valuable player award. Three Central Michigan players (Beach, Rinquist, and fullback Theo Winieckie) received first-team honors on the All-IIAC team.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 45], "section_span": [45, 45], "content_span": [46, 383]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074744-0000-0000", "contents": "1957 Chadian Territorial Assembly election\nTerritorial Assembly elections were held in Chad on 31 March 1957. The result was a victory for the Entente alliance, led by the Chadian Progressive Party, which won 57 of the 65 seats.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 42], "section_span": [42, 42], "content_span": [43, 228]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074744-0001-0000", "contents": "1957 Chadian Territorial Assembly election, Campaign\nThe Entente and Chadian Social Action ran a single list in Ouadda\u00ef, competing against the African Socialist Movement.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 42], "section_span": [44, 52], "content_span": [53, 170]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074744-0002-0000", "contents": "1957 Chadian Territorial Assembly election, Results\nThe Entente won 57 seats, of which the Chadian Progressive Party took 32 seats, the Grouping of Rural and Independent Chadians nine, the Democratic and Socialist Union of the Resistance seven, Radicals and Radical Socialists seven, and the Independent Socialist Party of Chad one.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 42], "section_span": [44, 51], "content_span": [52, 332]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074744-0003-0000", "contents": "1957 Chadian Territorial Assembly election, Aftermath\nFollowing the elections, the result in Chari-Baguirmi was annulled, with a by-election held on 1 June 1958. The 7-seat constituency had been won by the Entente, but the by-election saw a victory for the Chadian Socialist Union.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 42], "section_span": [44, 53], "content_span": [54, 281]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074745-0000-0000", "contents": "1957 Challenge Desgrange-Colombo\nThe 1957 Challenge Desgrange-Colombo was the tenth edition of the Challenge Desgrange-Colombo. It included eleven races: all the races form the 1956 edition were retained with no additions. Fred De Bruyne won the second of his three individual championships while Belgium retained the nations championship.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [32, 32], "content_span": [33, 339]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074746-0000-0000", "contents": "1957 Chatham Cup\nThe 1957 Chatham Cup was the 30th annual nationwide knockout football competition in New Zealand.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 16], "section_span": [16, 16], "content_span": [17, 114]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074746-0001-0000", "contents": "1957 Chatham Cup\nThe competition was run on a regional basis, with regional associations each holding separate qualifying rounds. Teams taking part in the final rounds are known to have included Eastern Suburbs (Auckland), Kawerau Town, Hamilton Technical Old Boys, Eastern Union (Gisborne), Moturoa, Colenso Athletic (Hawkes Bay), Wanganui Athletic, Masterton Athletic, Seatoun, Technical Old Boys (Christchurch), and Green Island.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 16], "section_span": [16, 16], "content_span": [17, 432]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074746-0002-0000", "contents": "1957 Chatham Cup, The 1957 final\nIn the final a young Seatoun side were too strong for Tech. Two goals in quick succession came for the Wellington side after about 15 minutes from Stanley Goddard and William Logan. Andy McAnulty reduced the deficit before the interval, but a second Logan strike just after the break took the score out of the Christchurch side's reach.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 16], "section_span": [18, 32], "content_span": [33, 369]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074747-0000-0000", "contents": "1957 Chattanooga Moccasins football team\nThe 1957 Chattanooga Moccasins football team was an American football team that represented the University of Chattanooga (now known as the University of Tennessee at Chattanooga) during the 1957 NCAA College Division football season. In their 27th year under head coach Scrappy Moore, the team compiled a 4\u20135\u20131 record.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [40, 40], "content_span": [41, 360]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074748-0000-0000", "contents": "1957 Chevrolet\nThe 1957 Chevrolet is a car that was introduced by Chevrolet in September 1956 for the 1957 model year. It was available in three series models: the upscale Bel Air, the mid-range Two-Ten, and the One-Fifty. A two-door station wagon, the Nomad, was produced as a Bel Air model. An upscale trim option called the Delray was available for Two-Ten 2-door sedans. It is a popular and sought after classic car. These vehicles are often restored to their original condition and sometimes modified. The car's image has been frequently used in toys, graphics, music, movies, and television. The  '57 Chevy, as it is often known, is an auto icon.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [14, 14], "content_span": [15, 652]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074748-0001-0000", "contents": "1957 Chevrolet, History\nInitially, General Motors executives wanted an entirely new car for 1957, but production delays necessitated the 1955\u201356 design for one more year. Ed Cole, chief engineer for Chevrolet, dictated a series of changes that significantly increased the cost of the car. These changes included a new dashboard, sealed cowl, and the relocation of air ducts to the headlight pods, which resulted in the distinctive chrome headlight that helped make the '57 Chevrolet a classic.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [16, 23], "content_span": [24, 493]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074748-0001-0001", "contents": "1957 Chevrolet, History\nFourteen-inch wheels replaced the fifteen-inch wheels from previous years to give the car a lower stance, and a wide grille was used to give the car a wider look from the front. The now famous '57 Chevrolet tailfins were designed to duplicate the wide look in the rear. Bel Air models, though maintaining the same chassis, powertrains, and body, were given upscale gold trim: the mesh grille insert and front fender chevrons, as well as the \"Chevrolet\" script on the hood and trunk, were all rendered in anodized gold. The 1957 Chevrolets did not have an oil pressure gauge or a voltmeter. The base engine was an inline 6-cylinder called the Blue Flame Six. The engine was smoother running than the V-8. Carburetion came from a single one-barrel carburetor.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [16, 23], "content_span": [24, 781]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074748-0002-0000", "contents": "1957 Chevrolet, History, \"Tri-Five\" 1955\u20131957 V8\nThe 1955 model year Chevrolet introduced its now-famous small-block V-8\u00a0\u2014 the first V-8 available in a Chevrolet since 1918. It has a displacement of 265\u00a0cu\u00a0in (4,340\u00a0cc). Prior to 1955, Chevrolet offered a 235\u00a0cu\u00a0in (3,850\u00a0cc) displacement in-line 6-cylinder engine only. The 1955 model, like its engine, was all new. The \"shoebox\" design, so named because it was the first Chevrolet to feature streamlined rear fenders, was a watershed for Chevrolet.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [16, 48], "content_span": [49, 501]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074748-0002-0001", "contents": "1957 Chevrolet, History, \"Tri-Five\" 1955\u20131957 V8\nThe lightweight car, coupled with a powerful overhead valve V-8, became a showroom draw, but also thrust the company into the arena of competitive motorsports. 1955 Chevrolets went on to dominate drag racing and became a formidable force in circle track racing. In 1956, the design was lengthened somewhat in front and given a more squarish treatment; under the hood, engine power increased and a Chevrolet Corvette engine was available for the first time in a full-size passenger car.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [16, 48], "content_span": [49, 534]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074748-0002-0002", "contents": "1957 Chevrolet, History, \"Tri-Five\" 1955\u20131957 V8\nIn 1957, the V-shaped trim on the tail fins was filled with a ribbed aluminum insert exclusive to the Bel Air's upgraded trim level. The fuel-injected engine represented the first time that an internal combustion gasoline engine in a passenger car reached an advertised one horsepower for each cubic inch benchmark, although the Chrysler 300B beat that by a year in its 355-horsepower, 354 c.i.d dual-carburetored engine, and the Alfa Romeo Giulietta Sprint was introduced a year earlier than that (1954), with a 79 cubic inch (1290cc) engine that produced 80\u00a0hp.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [16, 48], "content_span": [49, 612]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074748-0002-0003", "contents": "1957 Chevrolet, History, \"Tri-Five\" 1955\u20131957 V8\nIn NASCAR racing the 283 with its increased horsepower gave the '57 a dramatic advantage over the smaller 265 V8 the '55 and '56 had. NASCAR held the competition, especially the '55\u2013'57 Chevrolet to a cubic inch restriction because of all the races the '57s were winning. This restriction stayed with the '55\u2013'57 until they were grandfathered out of the lower NASCAR divisions in the 1970s as the '57 was still beating virtually all in their class.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [16, 48], "content_span": [49, 497]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074748-0003-0000", "contents": "1957 Chevrolet, History, Body styles\nUnlike most competitors, the Chevrolet 4-door hardtop featured a reinforced rear roof structure that gave the car added rigidity and a unique appearance in silhouette. The 1957 Chevrolet was called by some a \"Baby Cadillac\", because of many styling cues similar to Cadillacs of the time. V8-optioned cars got a large \"V\" under the Chevrolet script on the hood and trunk lid; the \"V: was gold for the Bel Air trim level, and silver-colored chrome for the 210 and 150 trim levels.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [16, 36], "content_span": [37, 515]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074748-0004-0000", "contents": "1957 Chevrolet, History, Body styles\nThe 2-door Bel Air Nomad station wagon had its own distinctive styling, mainly in the roof line and rear deck.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [16, 36], "content_span": [37, 147]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074748-0005-0000", "contents": "1957 Chevrolet, History, Engines\nFor 1957 there were four standard engine options, a 235.5\u00a0cu\u00a0in (3,859\u00a0cc) inline 6-cylinder producing 140\u00a0hp (104\u00a0kW), a 265\u00a0cu\u00a0in (4,340\u00a0cc) V8 \"Turbo-Fire\" producing 162\u00a0hp (121\u00a0kW), and two 283\u00a0cu\u00a0in (4,640\u00a0cc) V8s: a \"Turbo-Fire\" twin-barrel carburetor producing 185\u00a0hp (138\u00a0kW) and a \"Super \"Turbo-Fire\" four-barrel carburetor developing 220\u00a0hp (164\u00a0kW).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [16, 32], "content_span": [33, 393]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074748-0005-0001", "contents": "1957 Chevrolet, History, Engines\nTo help mechanics distinguish the 265 cu in V8 engine from the red 1956 and 1955 265 cu in V8 engines and the orange 1957 283 cu in V8s, the early 1957 265 cu in V8 engines with manual transmissions were painted a bright yellow-green chartreuse. After November 1956, the 1957 265 cu in V8 engines were painted the same orange as the 1957 283 cu in V8s.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [16, 32], "content_span": [33, 385]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074748-0006-0000", "contents": "1957 Chevrolet, History, Engines\nAnother optional engine was offered with two four barrel carburetors, the legendary \"Duntov\" cam and solid lifters. This engine produced 270hp. 1957 was the first year that Chevrolet ever offered fuel injection as an option. A 283\u00a0cu\u00a0in (4,640\u00a0cc) engine fitted with solid lifters, the \"Duntov\" cam and fuel injection was rated at 283\u00a0hp (211\u00a0kW) and cost $500. This was the first time in history that a General Motors vehicle achieved 1-hp-per-cu-in in a production vehicle. Fuel injection continued as an option throughout the early 1960s. However, most mechanics of the time didn't have the experience to keep the units running properly. This prompted most buyers to opt for conventional carburetion.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [16, 32], "content_span": [33, 736]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074748-0007-0000", "contents": "1957 Chevrolet, History, Engines\nIn a 1957 survey of owners, Popular Mechanics reported that 16.9% of owners complained about the fuel economy, while 34.4% wanted fuel injection.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [16, 32], "content_span": [33, 178]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074748-0008-0000", "contents": "1957 Chevrolet, History, Options\nThere were many options available, most of which were designed to make the car more comfortable and luxurious. Air conditioning was offered though rarely ordered, as was a padded dash. Power steering and power brakes were available, as well as a signal-seeking AM radio and power antenna. Power windows and power seats were also available. A rear speaker could be purchased which required a separate volume knob to be installed in the dashboard, beside the radio\u00a0\u2014 this rear speaker was touted as providing \"surround\" sound.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [16, 32], "content_span": [33, 557]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074748-0008-0001", "contents": "1957 Chevrolet, History, Options\nAn \"Autronic eye\" was offered; it was a device that bolted onto the dashboard and sensed the light from oncoming traffic, dimming the headlights automatically. One unique option was an electronic shaver, connected to the dashboard. The '57 radio used tubes that required only 12 volts of plate voltage and a transistor for the output stage. This lowered the power drain on the battery to an insignificant amount when the engine was off. Playing the radio with conventional tubes for extended periods occasionally drained the battery to the extent that it could not start the car. The clock was electrically self-wound and moving the hands to correct the time resulted in actually regulating the going rate. After a few corrections, the clock was remarkably accurate.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [16, 32], "content_span": [33, 799]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074748-0009-0000", "contents": "1957 Chevrolet, History, Options\nAnother dashboard-mounted item was the traffic-light viewer, a ribbed plastic visor that was installed just above the speedometer. Because the roof extends so far forward of the driver, it is hard to see overhead traffic lights. The traffic light viewer captured the reflection of overhead traffic lights so that the driver didn't have to lean forward to see past the edge of the roof. A/C was also an option.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [16, 32], "content_span": [33, 442]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074748-0010-0000", "contents": "1957 Chevrolet, History, Options\nIn 1957, Chevrolet started to add safety features such as \"crash proof door locks \"(first added in 1956), padded dash boards, safety-styled steering wheel with a recessed hub (though not as much as Ford's), seat belts(also first in 1956) and shoulder harnesses. However, unlike Ford, Chevrolet did not promote these safety features heavily.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [16, 32], "content_span": [33, 373]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074748-0011-0000", "contents": "1957 Chevrolet, History, Options\n1957 was also Chevrolet's first offering of a turbine transmission, known as the Turboglide. It was a design concept that Buick had developed with their Dynaflow transmission. However, due to a reliability reputation caused by its complexity, most automatic transmission buyers shunned the Turboglide in favor of the two-speed Powerglide that had been offered since 1950. At the time the Turboglide casing was the largest cast aluminum component ever put into mass production, but it never recovered from the reputation in 1957 and the option was discontinued in 1961.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [16, 32], "content_span": [33, 601]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074748-0011-0001", "contents": "1957 Chevrolet, History, Options\nManual transmissions were limited to three-speed, column shifted units (with synchromesh in second and third gear only). The Powerglide's shifter went P N D L R while the Turboglide's was P R N D Hr (although the 'Hr' was changed early in the production series to 'Gr'-Grade Retarder because of drivers' mistaken belief that 'Hr' meant High Range instead of the correct Hill Retarder.) . An overdrive unit was available as an option on the three speed manually shifted transmission cars.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [16, 32], "content_span": [33, 520]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074748-0011-0002", "contents": "1957 Chevrolet, History, Options\nStarting at the end of May 1957, a four speed manual transmission was also offered at an over-the-counter price of $188.00 but no installation kit (shifter and linkage) was ever offered by Chevrolet and, while an owner may have jury-rigged an installation in their own car, there is no evidence that any dealer ever actually installed the transmission in any car in 1957. A '57 equipped with this transmission mated to the 270 horsepower engine and limited slip differential was the one to beat on the drag strip and street into the early 1960s.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [16, 32], "content_span": [33, 578]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074748-0012-0000", "contents": "1957 Chevrolet, History, Post-production popularity\nFrom a numbers standpoint, the '57 Chevrolet wasn't as popular as General Motors had hoped. Despite its popularity, rival Ford outsold Chevrolet for the 1957 model year for the first time since 1935. The main cause of the sales shift to Ford was that the '57 Chevrolet had tubeless tires, the first car to have them. This scared away sales to Ford as many people did not initially trust the new tubeless design. Also Ford's introduction of an all-new body styling that was longer, lower, and wider than the previous year's offerings helped Ford sales.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [16, 51], "content_span": [52, 603]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074748-0013-0000", "contents": "1957 Chevrolet, History, Post-production popularity\nHowever, the 1957 Ford\u00a0\u2014 with the exception of the rare retractable hardtop model\u00a0\u2014 is not nearly as prized by collectors today as the 1957 Chevrolet. Throughout the 1960s and 1970s, the '57 Chevrolet was a popular used car and highly prized \"street machine\" or hot rod in 1957 terms. It was the final year of the \"shoebox\" Chevrolet, as 1958 saw the introduction of a much larger and heavier \"X\" framed Chevrolet. The ideal size of the '57, combined with its relatively light weight compared to newer full-sized cars, made it a favorite among drag racers.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [16, 51], "content_span": [52, 608]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074748-0013-0001", "contents": "1957 Chevrolet, History, Post-production popularity\nThe engine bay was big enough to fit GM's big-block engines, first introduced in 1958 and popularized in the 1960s by the Beach Boys in the song \"409\". The relatively simple mechanical attributes of the car made it easy to maintain, customize, and upgrade with components such as disc brakes and air conditioning.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [16, 51], "content_span": [52, 365]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074748-0014-0000", "contents": "1957 Chevrolet, History, Post-production popularity\nThe big block, however, was not what put the '57 on the map on the street scene; it was the introduction of the low-priced small-block, 365-horsepower 327 in 1962 that was the blockbuster that made both the '55 and '57 Chevrolet able to beat the Ford hotrods with their flathead V8s. This was a major turning point in American hot rodding: Chevrolet had claimed the street scene from Ford.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [16, 51], "content_span": [52, 441]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074748-0014-0001", "contents": "1957 Chevrolet, History, Post-production popularity\nThe '57 Chevrolet also won 49 Grand National \"cup\" NASCAR races (the most of any car in NASCAR history), won the Southern 500 (in 1957, 1958, and 1959); becoming the only car to win the 500 three times. The earliest victory for a '57 Chevrolet in a titled NASCAR Grand National Series race was the 1957 Virginia 500.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [16, 51], "content_span": [52, 368]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074748-0015-0000", "contents": "1957 Chevrolet, History, Post-production popularity\nThe '57 also won 26 NASCAR \"convertible races,\" more than any make, and won all three possible driver's championships. The first in convertible class and winning car in the 1959 Daytona 500 was a '57 driven by Joe Lee Johnson. The convertibles started on the outside row and were approximately ten miles an hour slower than the hardtops and sedans because of their aerodynamics. No one figured that a convertible would win the race and they didn't but wonder who was driving the top finishing convertible.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [16, 51], "content_span": [52, 557]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074748-0016-0000", "contents": "1957 Chevrolet, History, Post-production popularity\nThe 283 engine placed from the factory behind the centerline of the front wheels made the '57 a superior handling car on the short tracks and the dirt tracks as well. This mechanical advantage, coupled with the high revving and reliable 283, earned the '57 the nickname \"king of the short tracks\" With the fuel injected 283, the One-Fifty model two door sedan version, called the \"black widow,\" was the first car outlawed (and quickly so) by NASCAR as it proved almost unbeatable on virtually all the NASCAR tracks in early 1957.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [16, 51], "content_span": [52, 581]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074748-0016-0001", "contents": "1957 Chevrolet, History, Post-production popularity\nAfter the '57 was grandfathered out from the now \"cup\" division in 1960 and relegated to the lower local track sportsman divisions, they were still the car to beat for years. The '57s subsequently were used up in stock car racing at a very high rate. Surprisingly enough, the '57 Chevrolet also won a disproportionate amount of demolition derbies as well:  With the radiator set back from the grille, the car was difficult to disable. The additional advantage of having the last double lined trunk, coupled with a strong frame, made it a surprisingly common winner in the demolition derbies during the late 1960s and early 1970s. By the 1970s, the '57 Chevrolet became a collector car.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [16, 51], "content_span": [52, 737]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074748-0017-0000", "contents": "1957 Chevrolet, History, Post-production popularity\nCompanies such as Danchuk Manufacturing, Inc. and Classic Chevy Club International began selling reproduction and restoration parts. In the early 1990s, the value of a meticulously restored '57 Chevrolet convertible was as high as $100,000. Although those peaks gave way significantly after 1992, the '57 Chevrolet has held its value and is now poised to exceed the previous peak.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [16, 51], "content_span": [52, 432]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074748-0018-0000", "contents": "1957 Chevrolet, History, Post-production popularity\nAlthough restored original examples are increasingly rare, modern customizers and restorers are creating fast, powerful, ultra-modern hot rods that are winning the '57 Chevy a whole new generation of fans. As original cars become harder to find, fiberglass and all-steel reproductions (EMI in Detroit, Michigan was the first to build restoration bodies using original firewalls with VIN numbers - the steel reproduction bodyshells are manufactured by Real Deal Steel in Sanford, Florida, using reproduction sheetmetal) are making it possible for future generations to enjoy the '57 Chevrolet.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [16, 51], "content_span": [52, 644]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074749-0000-0000", "contents": "1957 Chicago Bears season\nThe 1957 season was the Chicago Bears' 38th in the National Football League. The team failed to improve on their 9\u20132\u20131 record from 1956 and finished with a 5\u20137 record under second-year head coach Paddy Driscoll, one year after making the championship game. The 47\u20137 loss in that game, coupled with a 5\u20137 season, compelled owner George Halas to reassign Driscoll in February and return as head coach in 1958.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [25, 25], "content_span": [26, 433]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074749-0001-0000", "contents": "1957 Chicago Bears season, Standings\nNote: Tie games were not officially counted in the standings until 1972.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [27, 36], "content_span": [37, 109]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074750-0000-0000", "contents": "1957 Chicago Cardinals season\nThe 1957 Chicago Cardinals season was the team's 38th season in the National Football League. The Cardinals failed to improve on their previous year's record of 7\u20135, winning only three games. They failed to qualify for the playoffs (NFL title game) for the ninth consecutive season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [29, 29], "content_span": [30, 312]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074750-0001-0000", "contents": "1957 Chicago Cardinals season, Schedule, Standings\nNote: Tie games were not officially counted in the standings until 1972.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 50], "content_span": [51, 123]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074751-0000-0000", "contents": "1957 Chicago Cubs season\nThe 1957 Chicago Cubs season was the 86th season of the Chicago Cubs franchise, the 82nd in the National League and the 42nd at Wrigley Field. The Cubs tied with the Pittsburgh Pirates for seventh in the National League with a record of 62\u201392.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [24, 24], "content_span": [25, 268]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074751-0001-0000", "contents": "1957 Chicago Cubs season, Player stats, Batting, Starters by position\nNote: Pos = Position; G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 69], "content_span": [70, 194]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074751-0002-0000", "contents": "1957 Chicago Cubs season, Player stats, Batting, Other batters\nNote: G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 62], "content_span": [63, 171]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074751-0003-0000", "contents": "1957 Chicago Cubs season, Player stats, Pitching, Starting pitchers\nNote: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 67], "content_span": [68, 178]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074751-0004-0000", "contents": "1957 Chicago Cubs season, Player stats, Pitching, Other pitchers\nNote: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 64], "content_span": [65, 175]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074751-0005-0000", "contents": "1957 Chicago Cubs season, Player stats, Pitching, Relief pitchers\nNote: G = Games pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; SV = Saves; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 65], "content_span": [66, 166]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074752-0000-0000", "contents": "1957 Chicago White Sox season\nThe 1957 Chicago White Sox season was the team's 57th season in the major leagues, and its 58th season overall. They finished with a record 90\u201364, good enough for second place in the American League, 8 games behind the first-place New York Yankees.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [29, 29], "content_span": [30, 278]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074752-0001-0000", "contents": "1957 Chicago White Sox season, Player stats, Batting\nNote: G = Games played; AB = At Bats; R = Runs scored; H = Hits; 2B = Doubles; 3B = Triples; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in; BB = Base on balls; SO = Strikeouts; AVG = Batting average; SB = Stolen bases", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 52], "content_span": [53, 261]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074752-0002-0000", "contents": "1957 Chicago White Sox season, Player stats, Pitching\nNote: W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; G = Games pitched; GS = Games started; SV = Saves; IP = Innings pitched; H = Hits allowed; R = Runs allowed; ER = Earned runs allowed; HR = Home runs allowed; BB = Walks allowed; K = Strikeouts", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 53], "content_span": [54, 301]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074753-0000-0000", "contents": "1957 Chico State Wildcats football team\nThe 1957 Chico State Wildcats football team represented Chico State College during the 1957 NCAA College Division football season. Chico State competed in the Far Western Conference in 1957. They played home games at College Field in Chico, California.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [39, 39], "content_span": [40, 292]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074753-0001-0000", "contents": "1957 Chico State Wildcats football team\nThe 1957 Wildcats were led by fourth-year head coach Gus Manolis. Chico State finished the season with a record of seven wins and two losses (7\u20132, 4\u20131 FWC). The Wildcats outscored their opponents 195\u2013109 for the season. This was the last season coach Manolis was at the helm. In his four years, the Wildcats compiled a record of 23\u201312\u20131, a .653 winning percentage.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [39, 39], "content_span": [40, 404]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074753-0002-0000", "contents": "1957 Chico State Wildcats football team, Team players in the NFL\nNo Chico State players were selected in the 1958 NFL Draft.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 64], "content_span": [65, 124]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074754-0000-0000", "contents": "1957 Chilean parliamentary election\nParliamentary elections were held in Chile on 3 March 1957. The Radical Party emerged as the largest party in the Chamber of Deputies, winning 36 of the 147 seats.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [35, 35], "content_span": [36, 199]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074755-0000-0000", "contents": "1957 Cincinnati Bearcats football team\nThe 1957 Cincinnati Bearcats football team represented the University of Cincinnati in the Missouri Valley Conference during the 1957 NCAA University Division football season. The team was led by head coach George Blackburn.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [38, 38], "content_span": [39, 263]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074756-0000-0000", "contents": "1957 Cincinnati Redlegs season\nThe 1957 Cincinnati Redlegs season consisted of the Redlegs finishing in fourth place in the National League, with a record of 80\u201374, 15 games behind the NL and World Series Champion Milwaukee Braves. The Redlegs were managed by Birdie Tebbetts and played their home games at Crosley Field, where they attracted 1,070,850 fans, fourth in the eight-team league.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [30, 30], "content_span": [31, 391]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074756-0001-0000", "contents": "1957 Cincinnati Redlegs season, Player stats, Batting, Starters by position\nNote: Pos = Position; G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 75], "content_span": [76, 200]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074756-0002-0000", "contents": "1957 Cincinnati Redlegs season, Player stats, Batting, Other batters\nNote: G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 68], "content_span": [69, 177]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074756-0003-0000", "contents": "1957 Cincinnati Redlegs season, Player stats, Pitching, Starting pitchers\nNote: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 73], "content_span": [74, 184]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074756-0004-0000", "contents": "1957 Cincinnati Redlegs season, Player stats, Pitching, Other pitchers\nNote: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 70], "content_span": [71, 181]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074756-0005-0000", "contents": "1957 Cincinnati Redlegs season, Player stats, Pitching, Relief pitchers\nNote: G = Games pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; SV = Saves; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 71], "content_span": [72, 172]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074756-0006-0000", "contents": "1957 Cincinnati Redlegs season, Farm system\nLEAGUE CO-CHAMPIONS: GracevillePort Arthur franchise transferred to Temple, May 30, 1957, then folded, August 20; Clovis franchise folded, June 16; Hornell replaced disbanded Bradford franchise in mid-season and began play May 28", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 43], "content_span": [44, 273]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074757-0000-0000", "contents": "1957 Claxton Shield\nThe 1957 Claxton Shield was the 18th annual Claxton Shield, it was held in Perth, Western Australia. The participants were South Australia, New South Wales, Victoria and Western Australia. The winners were the South Australian team, who won their first title since the 1936 Claxton Shield. The year marked the centenary celebrations for baseball in Victoria.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [19, 19], "content_span": [20, 378]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074758-0000-0000", "contents": "1957 Clemson Tigers football team\nThe 1957 Clemson Tigers football team was an American football team that represented Clemson College in the Atlantic Coast Conference (ACC) during the 1957 NCAA University Division football season. In its 18th season under head coach Frank Howard, the team compiled a 7\u20133 record (4\u20133 against conference opponents), tied for third place in the ACC, was ranked No. 18 in the final Coaches Poll, and outscored opponents by a total of 216 to 78. The team played its home games at Memorial Stadium in Clemson, South Carolina.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [33, 33], "content_span": [34, 554]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074758-0001-0000", "contents": "1957 Clemson Tigers football team\nThe annual \"Big Thursday\" game with South Carolina drew a crowd of 44,020, the largest crowd to see a football game up to that date in the State of South Carolina. Clemson played its last game against Presbyterian College; Presbyterian was Clemson's season-opening game from 1930 until 1957.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [33, 33], "content_span": [34, 325]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074758-0002-0000", "contents": "1957 Clemson Tigers football team\nGuard John Grdijan and Leon Kaltenback were the team captains. The team's statistical leaders included quarterback Harvey White with 841 passing yards, fullback Bob Spooner with 358 rushing yards, and Spooner and halfback Bill Mathis with 30 points (five touchdowns) each.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [33, 33], "content_span": [34, 306]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074758-0003-0000", "contents": "1957 Clemson Tigers football team\nJohn Grdijan and Harvey White were selected as first-team players by the 1957 All-Atlantic Coast Conference football team. Four Clemson players were also named to the 1957 All-South Carolina football team: Grdijan, White, end Ray Masneri, and center Donnie Bunton.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [33, 33], "content_span": [34, 298]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074759-0000-0000", "contents": "1957 Cleveland Browns season\nThe 1957 Cleveland Browns season was the team's eighth season with the National Football League. They were 9\u20132\u20131 in the regular season and won the Eastern Conference title, but lost the championship game to the Detroit Lions, 59\u201314.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [28, 28], "content_span": [29, 261]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074759-0001-0000", "contents": "1957 Cleveland Browns season, Season summary\nThe Browns missed the playoffs the previous season, ending ten straight years of league championship game appearances. The Browns came storming back in 1957 to finish 9\u20132\u20131 and win the Eastern Conference title by a relatively healthy margin over the defending world champion New York Giants (7\u20135). The Browns took care of business against the Giants, \"bookending,\" as it were, their arch rivals. They beat New York 6\u20133 in the season opener and then edged them again 34\u201328 in the finale. The Browns also posted two shutouts on the year, 24\u20130 over the Pittsburgh Steelers and 31\u20130 over the Chicago Cardinals.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 44], "content_span": [45, 651]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074759-0002-0000", "contents": "1957 Cleveland Browns season, Season summary\nThe Eastern foe the Browns had the most trouble with was fourth-place Washington (5\u20136\u20131). Cleveland edged the Redskins 21\u201317 and then had to settle for a 30\u201330 tie in the rematch. The Browns fell to Detroit 20\u20137, making them 0\u20133 against the Lions in the regular season since joining the NFL in 1950.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 44], "content_span": [45, 344]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074759-0003-0000", "contents": "1957 Cleveland Browns season, Season summary\nAlthough they had a rookie All-American running back out of Syracuse by the name of Jim Brown, the Browns were by no means an offensive juggernaut overall. The future Hall of Famer was outstanding, rushing for 942 yards and nine TDs, but he was the only real standout that year. Tommy O'Connell, who had taken over for retired Hall of Famer Otto Graham in 1956 and was the quarterback during the 5\u20137 finish that year, had the job for most of the way in 1957 as well. He and rookie Milt Plum combined for just 1,873 yards passing 12 touchdowns with 14 interceptions.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 44], "content_span": [45, 610]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074759-0004-0000", "contents": "1957 Cleveland Browns season, Standings\nNote: Tie games were not officially counted in the standings until 1972.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 39], "content_span": [40, 112]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074760-0000-0000", "contents": "1957 Cleveland Indians season\nThe 1957 Cleveland Indians season was a season in American baseball. The team finished sixth in the American League with a record of 76\u201377, 21\u00bd games behind the New York Yankees", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [29, 29], "content_span": [30, 207]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074760-0001-0000", "contents": "1957 Cleveland Indians season, Regular season\nThe Indians season was marked by change. Longtime Indians manager Al L\u00f3pez took over as manager of the Chicago White Sox, and was replaced by Kerby Farrell, who had led the Indianapolis Indians to the 1956 Junior World Series crown. Eddie Stanky also became the Indians new infield coach.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 45], "content_span": [46, 334]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074760-0002-0000", "contents": "1957 Cleveland Indians season, Regular season\nRookie Roger Maris, who was part of Farrell's Indianapolis team, joined the Indians as the team's starting center fielder. He made his major league debut against the Chicago White Sox on April 16. In 5 at bats, Maris had 3 hits. Two days later, Maris hit the first home run of his career, a grand slam off Tigers pitcher Jack Crimian at Briggs Stadium in Detroit.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 45], "content_span": [46, 409]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074760-0003-0000", "contents": "1957 Cleveland Indians season, Regular season\nIn grimmer news, on May 7 Gil McDougald of the Yankees hit a pitch off Indians pitcher Herb Score in the first inning. The pitch would strike Score in the face.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 45], "content_span": [46, 206]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074760-0004-0000", "contents": "1957 Cleveland Indians season, Player stats, Batting, Starters by position\nNote: Pos = Position; G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 74], "content_span": [75, 199]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074760-0005-0000", "contents": "1957 Cleveland Indians season, Player stats, Batting, Other batters\nNote: G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 67], "content_span": [68, 176]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074760-0006-0000", "contents": "1957 Cleveland Indians season, Player stats, Pitching, Starting pitchers\nNote: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 72], "content_span": [73, 183]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074760-0007-0000", "contents": "1957 Cleveland Indians season, Player stats, Pitching, Other pitchers\nNote: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 69], "content_span": [70, 180]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074760-0008-0000", "contents": "1957 Cleveland Indians season, Player stats, Pitching, Relief pitchers\nNote: G = Games pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; SV = Saves; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 70], "content_span": [71, 171]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074761-0000-0000", "contents": "1957 Colgate Red Raiders football team\nThe 1957 Colgate Red Raiders football team was an American football team that represented Colgate University as an independent during the 1957 NCAA University Division football season. Following the offseason departure of head coach Hal Lahar, the school promoted Fred Rice, its former backfield coach, who led the team to a 3\u20136 record. Ralph Antone was the team captain.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [38, 38], "content_span": [39, 410]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074761-0001-0000", "contents": "1957 Colgate Red Raiders football team\nThe team played its home games at Colgate Athletic Field in Hamilton, New York.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [38, 38], "content_span": [39, 118]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074762-0000-0000", "contents": "1957 College Baseball All-America Team\nAn All-American team is an honorary sports team composed of the best amateur players of a specific season for each team position\u2014who in turn are given the honorific \"All-America\" and typically referred to as \"All-American athletes\", or simply \"All-Americans\". Although the honorees generally do not compete together as a unit, the term is used in U.S. team sports to refer to players who are selected by members of the national media. Walter Camp selected the first All-America team in the early days of American football in 1889.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [38, 38], "content_span": [39, 569]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074762-0001-0000", "contents": "1957 College Baseball All-America Team\nFrom 1947 to 1980, the American Baseball Coaches Association was the only All-American selector recognized by the NCAA.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [38, 38], "content_span": [39, 158]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074763-0000-0000", "contents": "1957 College Football All-America Team\nThe 1957 College Football All-America team is composed of college football players who were selected as All-Americans by various organizations and writers that chose College Football All-America Teams in 1957. The seven selectors recognized by the NCAA as \"official\" for the 1957 season are (1) the Associated Press, (2) the United Press, (3) the American Football Coaches Association (AFCA), (4) the Football Writers Association of America (FWAA), (5) the International News Service (INS), (6) the Newspaper Enterprise Association (NEA), and (7) the Sporting News. The ESPN College Football Encyclopedia lists the All-America Board (AAB) as an eighth official selector.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [38, 38], "content_span": [39, 709]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074763-0001-0000", "contents": "1957 College Football All-America Team, Consensus All-Americans\nFor the year 1957, the NCAA awards guide lists seven published All-American teams as \"official\" designations for purposes of its consensus determinations. The ESPN College Football Encyclopedia lists the All-America Board (AAB) as an eighth official selector. The following chart identifies the NCAA-recognized consensus All-Americans and displays which first-team designations they received.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 63], "content_span": [64, 456]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074764-0000-0000", "contents": "1957 Colombian constitutional reform referendum\nA referendum on the reform programme of the military junta was held in Colombia on 1 December 1957. Women were given the vote for the first time, and the programme was approved by 95% of voters.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 47], "section_span": [47, 47], "content_span": [48, 242]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074764-0001-0000", "contents": "1957 Colombian constitutional reform referendum, Background\nAfter a coup d'\u00e9tat on 10 May 1957, the ruling military junta issued decree 0247, calling for a referendum on constitutional reforms and the election of a Constitutional Council on 16 March 1958, as well as allowing the Liberal Party and Conservative Party to form a provisional government.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 47], "section_span": [49, 59], "content_span": [60, 350]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074765-0000-0000", "contents": "1957 Colorado Buffaloes football team\nThe 1957 Colorado Buffaloes football team was an American football team that represented the University of Colorado during the 1957 NCAA University Division football season. Head coach Dallas Ward led the team to a 3\u20133 mark in the Big Seven and 6\u20133\u20131 overall.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [37, 37], "content_span": [38, 297]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074766-0000-0000", "contents": "1957 Colorado State Bears baseball team\nThe 1957 Colorado State Bears baseball team represented Colorado State College in the 1957 NCAA University Division baseball season. The Bears played their home games at Jackson Field. The team was coached by Pete Butler in his 15th year at Colorado State.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [39, 39], "content_span": [40, 296]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074766-0001-0000", "contents": "1957 Colorado State Bears baseball team\nThe Bears won the District VII playoff to advance to the College World Series, where they were defeated by the Arizona Wildcats.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [39, 39], "content_span": [40, 168]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074767-0000-0000", "contents": "1957 Colorado State Rams football team\nThe 1957 Colorado State Rams football team represented Colorado State University in the Skyline Conference during the 1957 NCAA University Division football season. In their second season under head coach Don Mullison, the Rams compiled a 3\u20137 record (2\u20135 against Skyline opponents), tied for sixth place in the Skyline Conference, and were outscored by opponents by a total of 224 to 109.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [38, 38], "content_span": [39, 427]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074767-0001-0000", "contents": "1957 Colorado State Rams football team\nThe team's statistical leaders included Louie Long with 328 passing yards and Frank Gupton with 540 rushing yards and 162 receiving yards.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [38, 38], "content_span": [39, 177]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074768-0000-0000", "contents": "1957 Columbia Lions football team\nThe 1957 Columbia Lions football team was an American football team that represented Columbia University as a member of the Ivy League during the 1957 NCAA University Division football season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [33, 33], "content_span": [34, 226]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074768-0001-0000", "contents": "1957 Columbia Lions football team\nIn their first season under head coach Aldo \"Buff\" Donelli, the Lions compiled a 1\u20138 record and were outscored 214 to 54. George Pappas was the team captain.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [33, 33], "content_span": [34, 191]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074768-0002-0000", "contents": "1957 Columbia Lions football team\nThe Lions' 1\u20136 conference record finished last in the Ivy League. Columbia was outscored 148 to 41 by Ivy opponents.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [33, 33], "content_span": [34, 150]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074768-0003-0000", "contents": "1957 Columbia Lions football team\nColumbia played its home games at Baker Field in Upper Manhattan, in New York City.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [33, 33], "content_span": [34, 117]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074769-0000-0000", "contents": "1957 Commonwealth Prime Ministers' Conference\nThe 1957 Commonwealth Prime Ministers' Conference was the ninth Meeting of the Heads of Government of the Commonwealth of Nations. It was held in the United Kingdom in June 1957, and was hosted by that country's Prime Minister, Harold Macmillan.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 45], "section_span": [45, 45], "content_span": [46, 291]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074769-0001-0000", "contents": "1957 Commonwealth Prime Ministers' Conference\nThe new Canadian prime minister, John Diefenbaker, proposes the intensification of trade relations within the Commonwealth. His call for an Empire Trade Conference were resisted by the British government which has an eye towards the UK developing stronger trade relations with Europe and the newly formed European Economic Community; the impact of the UK joining a European free trade area and its possible consequences on Commonwealth trade was a matter of concern. A Commonwealth Trade and Economic Conference is called for the next year.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 45], "section_span": [45, 45], "content_span": [46, 586]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074769-0002-0000", "contents": "1957 Commonwealth Prime Ministers' Conference\nThe aftermath of the Suez Crisis and invasion of Hungary of the previous year were also discussed with the Commonwealth leaders calling for the strengthening of the United Nations as an instrument of peace. The Suez Crisis had badly split the Commonwealth resulting in India, Pakistan and Ceylon considering leaving the organisation; Canadian External Affairs Minister Lester Pearson told the Canadian House of Commons that the Commonwealth faced dissolution over Suez. Multilateral nuclear disarmament negotiations were also discussed.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 45], "section_span": [45, 45], "content_span": [46, 582]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074769-0003-0000", "contents": "1957 Commonwealth Prime Ministers' Conference\nThis was the first Commonwealth Prime Ministers' Conference attended by Ghana, which had attained independence in March 1957.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 45], "section_span": [45, 45], "content_span": [46, 171]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074770-0000-0000", "contents": "1957 Connecticut Huskies baseball team\nThe 1957 Connecticut Huskies baseball team represented the University of Connecticut in the 1957 NCAA University Division baseball season. The Huskies were led by J. O. Christian in his 22nd year as head coach, and played as part of the Yankee Conference. Connecticut posted a 14\u201310 record and earned an invitation to the 1957 NCAA University Division Baseball Tournament. They won the District 1 playoffs over Springfield two games to one to earn a berth in the College World Series, their first appearance in the ultimate college baseball event. The Huskies lost their first game against Texas, defeated Florida State and were eliminated by Iowa State.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [38, 38], "content_span": [39, 693]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074771-0000-0000", "contents": "1957 Connecticut Huskies football team\nThe 1957 Connecticut Huskies football team represented the University of Connecticut in the 1957 NCAA College Division football season. The Huskies were led by sixth-year head coach Bob Ingalls, and completed the season with a record of 5\u20134\u20131.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [38, 38], "content_span": [39, 282]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074772-0000-0000", "contents": "1957 Copa Aldao\nThe 1957 Copa Aldao was the final match to decide the winner of the Copa Aldao, the 18th. edition of the international competition organised by the Argentine and Uruguayan Associations together. The final (held ten years after than its previous edition) was contested by Uruguayan club Nacional and Argentine side River Plate.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 15], "section_span": [15, 15], "content_span": [16, 342]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074772-0001-0000", "contents": "1957 Copa Aldao\nIn the first match, played at Estadio Centenario in Montevideo, River Plate won 2\u20131 but the second leg, to be held in Buenos Aires, was never played. As the associations did not decide about the issue, no title was awarded.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 15], "section_span": [15, 15], "content_span": [16, 239]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074772-0002-0000", "contents": "1957 Copa Aldao, Match details, Second leg\nAs the second leg was never held, no champion was proclaimed.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 15], "section_span": [17, 42], "content_span": [43, 104]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074773-0000-0000", "contents": "1957 Copa del General\u00edsimo\nThe 1957 Copa del General\u00edsimo was the 55th staging of the Spanish Cup. The competition began on 28 April 1957 and concluded on 16 June 1957 with the final.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [26, 26], "content_span": [27, 183]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074774-0000-0000", "contents": "1957 Copa del General\u00edsimo Final\nThe Copa del General\u00edsimo 1957 Final was the 55th final of the King's Cup. The final was played at Montjuic in Barcelona, on 16 June 1957, being won by CF Barcelona, who beat RCD Espa\u00f1ol 1\u20130.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [32, 32], "content_span": [33, 224]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074775-0000-0000", "contents": "1957 Copa del General\u00edsimo Juvenil\nThe 1957 Copa del General\u00edsimo Juvenil was the seventh staging of the tournament. The competition began on May 5, 1957, and ended on June 16, 1957, with the final.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [34, 34], "content_span": [35, 198]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074776-0000-0000", "contents": "1957 Cork Intermediate Hurling Championship\nThe 1957 Cork Intermediate Hurling Championship was the 48th staging of the Cork Intermediate Hurling Championship since its establishment by the Cork County Board in 1909.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 43], "section_span": [43, 43], "content_span": [44, 216]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074776-0001-0000", "contents": "1957 Cork Intermediate Hurling Championship\nGlen Rovers won the championship following a 6-08 to 2-06 defeat of St. Finbarr's in the final. This was their fourth championship title overall and their second title in succession.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 43], "section_span": [43, 43], "content_span": [44, 226]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074777-0000-0000", "contents": "1957 Cork Senior Football Championship\nThe 1957 Cork Senior Football Championship was the 69th staging of the Cork Senior Football Championship since its establishment by the Cork County Board in 1887.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [38, 38], "content_span": [39, 201]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074777-0001-0000", "contents": "1957 Cork Senior Football Championship\nOn 25 November 1956, St. Finbarr's won the championship following an 0-08 to 0-05 defeat of Lees in a final replay. This was their second championship title overall and their second title in succession.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [38, 38], "content_span": [39, 241]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074778-0000-0000", "contents": "1957 Cork Senior Hurling Championship\nThe 1957 Cork Senior Hurling Championship was the 69th staging of the Cork Senior Hurling Championship since its establishment by the Cork County Board in 1887. The competition was held between 31 March and 15 September 1957.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [37, 37], "content_span": [38, 263]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074778-0001-0000", "contents": "1957 Cork Senior Hurling Championship\nBlackrock were the defending champions, however, they were defeated by Glen Rovers in the second round.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [37, 37], "content_span": [38, 141]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074778-0002-0000", "contents": "1957 Cork Senior Hurling Championship\nOn 15 September 1957, Sarsfields won the championship following a 5-10 to 4-6 defeat of University College Cork in the final. It was their second championship title overall and their first title in six championship seasons.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [37, 37], "content_span": [38, 261]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074779-0000-0000", "contents": "1957 Cornell Big Red football team\nThe 1957 Cornell Big Red football team was an American football team that represented Cornell University as a member of the Ivy League during the 1957 NCAA University Division football season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [34, 34], "content_span": [35, 227]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074779-0001-0000", "contents": "1957 Cornell Big Red football team\nIn its 11th season under head coach George K. James, the team compiled a 3\u20136 record and was outscored 159 to 100. Gerald Knapp was the team captain.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [34, 34], "content_span": [35, 183]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074779-0002-0000", "contents": "1957 Cornell Big Red football team\nCornell's 3\u20134 conference record tied for fourth place in the Ivy League. The Big Red were outscored 111 to 87 by Ivy opponents.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [34, 34], "content_span": [35, 162]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074779-0003-0000", "contents": "1957 Cornell Big Red football team\nCornell played its home games at Schoellkopf Field in Ithaca, New York.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [34, 34], "content_span": [35, 106]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074780-0000-0000", "contents": "1957 Cotton Bowl Classic\nThe 1957 Cotton Bowl Classic was the 21st edition of the college football bowl game, played at the Cotton Bowl in Dallas, Texas, on Tuesday, January\u00a01. Part of the 1956\u201357 bowl game season, it matched the independent and eighth-ranked Syracuse Orangemen and #14 TCU Horned Frogs of the Southwest Conference (SWC). Favored TCU held on to win by a point, 28\u201327.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [24, 24], "content_span": [25, 384]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074780-0001-0000", "contents": "1957 Cotton Bowl Classic, Teams, Syracuse\nThe Orangemen had just one loss (in September at Pittsburgh, who lost in the Gator Bowl), but they were ranked eighth, led by senior running back Jim\u00a0Brown, a consensus All-American. This was the second bowl appearance for Syracuse; their first was four years earlier in the Orange Bowl.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 41], "content_span": [42, 329]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074780-0002-0000", "contents": "1957 Cotton Bowl Classic, Teams, TCU\nTCU was runner-up in the Southwest Conference, but was invited due to first place Texas A&M being under NCAA sanctions. This\u00a0was the Horned Frogs' fifth Cotton Bowl appearance; they won their first in 1937 (with quarterback Sammy Baugh), but dropped their next three (1945, 1952, 1956).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 36], "content_span": [37, 323]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074780-0003-0000", "contents": "1957 Cotton Bowl Classic, Game summary\nTCU had two 14-point leads, both near the end of the halves. John Nikkel started the scoring for TCU with a touchdown catch from Chuck Curtis, and in the second quarter, Jim Shofner caught a touchdown to make it 14\u20130. But Jim Brown ran for two touchdowns in a span of 6:52 to tie the game at halftime. Late in the third quarter after Brown fumbled the ball back to TCU, Curtis scored on a touchdown run to give TCU the lead back.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 38], "content_span": [39, 468]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074780-0003-0001", "contents": "1957 Cotton Bowl Classic, Game summary\nAfter another Brown fumble early in the fourth quarter, Jim Swink ran it in from three yards out to give TCU a 28\u201314 lead with under twelve minutes to go. Syracuse went 49 yards in 13 plays and scored on a Brown run, who lined up for his third PAT attempt of the day to narrow the lead to seven.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 38], "content_span": [39, 334]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074780-0004-0000", "contents": "1957 Cotton Bowl Classic, Game summary\nTCU's Chico Mendoza blocked the extra point to keep the lead at eight points. Syracuse had one last drive in them, going 43 yards in three plays. Jim Ridlon caught a 27-yard touchdown pass from Charles Zimmerman with 1:16 left, and Brown's kick narrowed the lead to 28\u201327. (The two-point conversion was not introduced until the 1958 season.) Rather than attempt the expected onside kick, Syracuse opted to kick it deep, but TCU held on and did not give up the ball, in the Horned Frogs' last bowl win until 1998. Brown (back) and Norman Hamilton (line) were named the outstanding players of the game.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 38], "content_span": [39, 639]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074781-0000-0000", "contents": "1957 County Championship\nThe 1957 County Championship was the 58th officially organised running of the County Championship. Surrey won the Championship title for the sixth successive year.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [24, 24], "content_span": [25, 188]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074781-0001-0000", "contents": "1957 County Championship\nChanges were applied to the points system for the Championship as follows  -", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [24, 24], "content_span": [25, 101]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074782-0000-0000", "contents": "1957 Coupe de France Final\nThe 1957 Coupe de France Final was a football match held at Stade Olympique Yves-du-Manoir, Colombes on May 26, 1957, that saw Toulouse FC defeat Angers SCO 6\u20133 thanks to goals by Ren\u00e9 Dereuddre (2), Abdelhamid Bouchouk, Robert Bocchi, Eduardo Di Loreto and Said Brahimi. The referee of the match was Jack Clough, it is still the only time the final's referee was not French.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [26, 26], "content_span": [27, 402]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074783-0000-0000", "contents": "1957 Crit\u00e9rium du Dauphin\u00e9 Lib\u00e9r\u00e9\nThe 1957 Crit\u00e9rium du Dauphin\u00e9 Lib\u00e9r\u00e9 was the 11th edition of the Crit\u00e9rium du Dauphin\u00e9 Lib\u00e9r\u00e9 cycle race and was held from 8 June to 16 June 1957. The race started in Saint-\u00c9tienne and finished in Grenoble. The race was won by Marcel Rohrbach.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [33, 33], "content_span": [34, 278]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074784-0000-0000", "contents": "1957 Cup of the Ukrainian SSR\nThe 1957 Ukrainian Cup was a football knockout competition conducting by the Football Federation of the Ukrainian SSR and was known as the Ukrainian Cup.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [29, 29], "content_span": [30, 183]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074784-0001-0000", "contents": "1957 Cup of the Ukrainian SSR, Teams, Tournament distribution\nThe competition was conducted among 23 clubs out of 80 participants of the 1957 Football Championship and 5 other non-\"teams of masters\" Chervonyi Prapor Lviv, Khimik Kalush, Spartak Bila Tserkva, Burevisnyk Chernivtsi, Naftovyk Drohobych.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 61], "content_span": [62, 301]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074784-0002-0000", "contents": "1957 Cup of the Ukrainian SSR, Teams, Non-participating \"teams of masters\"\nThe Ukrainian teams of masters did not take part in the competition.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 74], "content_span": [75, 143]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074785-0000-0000", "contents": "1957 Czechoslovak presidential election\nThe 1957 Czechoslovak presidential election took place on 19 November 1957. It was held due to the death of the incumbent president Anton\u00edn Z\u00e1potock\u00fd. Anton\u00edn Novotn\u00fd was elected the new president.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [39, 39], "content_span": [40, 237]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074785-0001-0000", "contents": "1957 Czechoslovak presidential election, Background\nAnton\u00edn Z\u00e1potock\u00fd died of heart attack in Fall 1957. The Prime Minister Viliam \u0160irok\u00fd was considered his successor. It was changed when the leader of Soviet Union Nikita Khrushchev suggested Anton\u00edn Novotn\u00fd.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 51], "content_span": [52, 259]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074785-0002-0000", "contents": "1957 Czechoslovak presidential election, Voting\nThe election was held on 19 November 1957. Novotn\u00fd received all 353 votes.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 47], "content_span": [48, 122]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074786-0000-0000", "contents": "1957 DDR-Oberliga\nThe 1957 DDR-Oberliga was the ninth season of the DDR-Oberliga, the first tier of league football in East Germany. Rather than in the traditional autumn-spring format the Oberliga played for six seasons from 1955 to 1960 in the calendar year format, modelled on the system used in the Soviet Union. From 1961\u201362 onwards the league returned to its traditional format.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [17, 17], "content_span": [18, 384]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074786-0001-0000", "contents": "1957 DDR-Oberliga\nThe league was contested by fourteen teams. SC Wismut Karl-Marx-Stadt, incidentally based at Aue and not Karl-Marx-Stadt, won the championship, the club's second consecutive one, having won the 1956 championship as well. On the strength of the 1957 title Wismut qualified for the 1958\u201359 European Cup where the club was knocked out by Young Boys Bern in the quarter finals.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [17, 17], "content_span": [18, 391]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074786-0002-0000", "contents": "1957 DDR-Oberliga\nHeinz Kaulmann of ASK Vorw\u00e4rts Berlin was the league's top scorer with 15 goals.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [17, 17], "content_span": [18, 98]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074786-0003-0000", "contents": "1957 DDR-Oberliga, Table\nThe 1957 season saw two newly promoted clubs, SC Motor Jena and SC Chemie Halle-Leuna.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 24], "content_span": [25, 111]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074787-0000-0000", "contents": "1957 DFB-Pokal Final\nThe 1957 DFB-Pokal Final decided the winner of the 1956\u201357 DFB-Pokal, the 14th season of Germany's knockout football cup competition. It was played on 29 December 1957 at the Rosenaustadion in Augsburg. Bayern Munich won the match 1\u20130 against Fortuna D\u00fcsseldorf, to claim their 1st cup title.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [20, 20], "content_span": [21, 313]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074787-0001-0000", "contents": "1957 DFB-Pokal Final, Route to the final\nThe DFB-Pokal began with 5 teams in a single-elimination knockout cup competition. There were a total of two rounds leading up to the final. In the qualification round, all but two teams were given a bye. Teams were drawn against each other, and the winner after 90 minutes would advance. If still tied, 30 minutes of extra time was played. If the score was still level, a replay would take place at the original away team's stadium. If still level after 90 minutes, 30 minutes of extra time was played. If the score was still level, a drawing of lots would decide who would advance to the next round.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [22, 40], "content_span": [41, 642]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074787-0002-0000", "contents": "1957 DFB-Pokal Final, Route to the final\nNote: In all results below, the score of the finalist is given first (H: home; A: away).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [22, 40], "content_span": [41, 129]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074788-0000-0000", "contents": "1957 Dahomeyan Territorial Assembly election\nElections to the Territorial Assembly  were held in French Dahomey on 31 March 1957. The result was a victory for the Republican Party of Dahomey, which won 35 of the 60 seats.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [44, 44], "content_span": [45, 221]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074788-0001-0000", "contents": "1957 Dahomeyan Territorial Assembly election, Results\nFigures for independent candidates include the Independents of the North.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [46, 53], "content_span": [54, 127]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074789-0000-0000", "contents": "1957 Danish general election\nGeneral elections were held in Denmark on 14 May 1957. The Social Democratic Party remained the largest in the Folketing, with 70 of the 179 seats. Voter turnout was 83.7% in Denmark proper, 37.6% in the Faroe Islands and 61.8% in Greenland (although only of its two constituencies was not contested as the incumbent was re-elected unopposed). The electoral threshold was 60,000 votes.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [28, 28], "content_span": [29, 414]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074790-0000-0000", "contents": "1957 Dartmouth Indians football team\nThe 1957 Dartmouth Indians football team represented Dartmouth College during the 1957 NCAA University Division football season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [36, 36], "content_span": [37, 165]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074791-0000-0000", "contents": "1957 Davis Cup\nThe 1957 Davis Cup was the 46th edition of the Davis Cup, the most important tournament between national teams in men's tennis. 24 teams entered the Europe Zone, 7 teams entered the America Zone, and 5 teams entered the Eastern Zone. Malaya, Lebanon and Venezuela made their first appearances in the competition.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [14, 14], "content_span": [15, 327]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074791-0001-0000", "contents": "1957 Davis Cup\nThe United States defeated Brazil in the America Zone final, the Philippines defeated Japan in the Eastern Zone final, and Belgium defeated Italy in the Europe Zone final. In the Inter-Zonal Zone, the United States defeated the Philippines in the semifinal and then defeated Belgium in the final. In the Challenge Round the United States were defeated by defending champions Australia. The final was played at the Kooyong Stadium in Melbourne, Australia on 26\u201328 December.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [14, 14], "content_span": [15, 487]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074792-0000-0000", "contents": "1957 Davis Cup America Zone\nThe America Zone was one of the three regional zones of the 1957 Davis Cup.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [27, 27], "content_span": [28, 103]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074792-0001-0000", "contents": "1957 Davis Cup America Zone\n7 teams entered the America Zone, with the winner going on to compete in the Inter-Zonal Zone against the winners of the Eastern Zone and Europe Zone. The United States defeated Brazil in the final and progressed to the Inter-Zonal Zone.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [27, 27], "content_span": [28, 265]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074793-0000-0000", "contents": "1957 Davis Cup Eastern Zone\nThe Eastern Zone was one of the three regional zones of the 1957 Davis Cup.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [27, 27], "content_span": [28, 103]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074793-0001-0000", "contents": "1957 Davis Cup Eastern Zone\n5 teams entered the Eastern Zone, with the winner going on to compete in the Inter-Zonal Zone against the winners of the America Zone and Europe Zone. The Philippines defeated Japan in the final and progressed to the Inter-Zonal Zone.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [27, 27], "content_span": [28, 262]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074794-0000-0000", "contents": "1957 Davis Cup Europe Zone\nThe Europe Zone was one of the three regional zones of the 1957 Davis Cup.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [26, 26], "content_span": [27, 101]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074794-0001-0000", "contents": "1957 Davis Cup Europe Zone\n24 teams entered the Europe Zone, with the winner going on to compete in the Inter-Zonal Zone against the winners of the America Zone and Eastern Zone. Belgium defeated Italy in the final and progressed to the Inter-Zonal Zone.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [26, 26], "content_span": [27, 254]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074795-0000-0000", "contents": "1957 Defence White Paper\nThe 1957 White Paper on Defence (Cmnd. 124) was a British white paper issued in March 1957 setting forth the perceived future of the British military. It had profound effects on all aspects of the defence industry but probably the most affected was the British aircraft industry. Duncan Sandys, the recently appointed Minister of Defence, produced the paper. The decisions were influenced by two major factors: the finances of the country and the coming of the missile age.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [24, 24], "content_span": [25, 498]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074795-0001-0000", "contents": "1957 Defence White Paper\nIn the past, combat in the air would have been between aircraft, with high flying bombers carrying nuclear weapons and fast interceptor fighter aircraft trying to stop them. Now the ballistic missile could deliver these weapons with no possible defensive response. In this new environment, the interceptors and surface-to-air missiles (SAMs), along with their associated radar networks, seemed superfluous. Likewise, it appeared new manned aircraft of any sort would have little utility in airspace dominated by SAMs. Numerous ongoing projects were abandoned, leaving too little work for the large number of aircraft companies. The paper suggested that the companies join forces to rationalize their operations for a future in which there would be smaller numbers of military projects.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [24, 24], "content_span": [25, 810]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074795-0002-0000", "contents": "1957 Defence White Paper\nFinally, the Army had a strong presence in Germany as a counter to Warsaw Pact forces, but ultimately its goal was simply to act as a tripwire force to deter an attack - the actual battle was assumed to be carried out by nuclear weapons. The size of the Army was far larger than it had to be for this role, and led to reductions in the Army's size. Only the Navy was left significantly unchanged, although it refocussed on force projection rather than all-out battle with a Soviet fleet.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [24, 24], "content_span": [25, 512]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074795-0003-0000", "contents": "1957 Defence White Paper, Main aspects of paper, The role of missiles\nUK war plans of the 1950s were based on a \"three-day war\", in which the Warsaw Pact's forces would begin with a conventional attack in Europe, but the war would quickly progress to the use of tactical nuclear weapons. NATOs overwhelming air superiority would win the resulting battle. From that point, if the war continued, strategic weapons would be unleashed and the battle would be between the strategic bombers and the opposing defences. The massive superiority of the western air forces meant this battle would be short and largely one-sided, but the UK would have to survive at least one wave of Soviet attacks.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 69], "content_span": [70, 687]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074795-0004-0000", "contents": "1957 Defence White Paper, Main aspects of paper, The role of missiles\nTo handle this attack, in the post-World War II era the Royal Air Force deployed the ROTOR radar network that covered the entire British Isles in order to attack any strategic bomber that might attempt to approach. The defensive weapons of the system included new jet-powered interceptor aircraft and, originally, reorganized anti-aircraft artillery with new tactical control radars. By the early 1950s, the increasing speeds and altitudes of bombers meant they could \"toss\" their weapons from ranges outside even the largest anti-aircraft artillery, and plans began to replace these weapons with surface-to-air missiles.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 69], "content_span": [70, 691]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074795-0005-0000", "contents": "1957 Defence White Paper, Main aspects of paper, The role of missiles\nBy the mid-1950s, the USSR was known to be developing a variety of ballistic missiles able to deliver nuclear warheads. Split into classes based on their range, much of the attention internationally was on the longest-ranged intercontinental ballistic missiles (ICBMs). However, short-range missiles were both less expensive and easier to develop, and these had the performance needed to deliver a warhead to the UK from bases in East Germany. There was no defence from these medium range ballistic missiles and it appeared they would be widespread by the mid-1960s.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 69], "content_span": [70, 636]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074795-0006-0000", "contents": "1957 Defence White Paper, Main aspects of paper, The role of missiles\nThe introduction of strategic missiles seriously upset the nature of the UK's defensive posture. While studying the issue, planners of an anti-ballistic missile system code-named Violet Friend ultimately concluded no effective defence against these weapons was possible. The only way to stop an attack would be to stop it from being launched, and the only way to do that was through deterrence. Although the survival of the V force was required even before this point, there was some expectation that it would survive direct air attack given the ROTOR defence. With missiles, there was no way to do this.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 69], "content_span": [70, 674]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074795-0006-0001", "contents": "1957 Defence White Paper, Main aspects of paper, The role of missiles\nAny sign of an attack would require the immediate launch of the V force to ensure its survival - even if bombers were detected, missiles were sure to follow anyway. In this case, there was no point trying to defend their airfields - they would either be empty or the war was already lost.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 69], "content_span": [70, 358]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074795-0007-0000", "contents": "1957 Defence White Paper, Main aspects of paper, The role of missiles\nIn such a scenario the need for air defences was essentially eliminated. If an attack occurred, even the complete attrition of attacking bombers would have little to no effect on the ultimate outcome once the missiles arrived. Much more likely was the opposite scenario, a missile attack on the V-force with Soviet bombers arriving later to hit targets that would likely have already been destroyed. With no existing system for detecting missile launches at long range, this became the primary concern.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 69], "content_span": [70, 572]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074795-0008-0000", "contents": "1957 Defence White Paper, Main aspects of paper, The role of missiles\nAs a result, the White Paper cancelled many defensive systems, like the Blue Envoy SAM and Saunders-Roe SR.177 interceptor, and significantly reduced the scope and mission of the Linesman/Mediator radar network that was being planned to replace ROTOR. To provide an indication of such a missile attack, the UK arranged to have a US BMEWS radar sited in England. Linesman was now tasked mostly with intercepting aircraft carrying carcinotron jammers, which the Soviets might use to mask BMEWS.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 69], "content_span": [70, 562]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074795-0009-0000", "contents": "1957 Defence White Paper, Main aspects of paper, Reduction in manned aircraft projects\nWith the development of missiles, those roles that missiles could cover meant that certain aircraft in development could be cancelled.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 86], "content_span": [87, 221]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074795-0010-0000", "contents": "1957 Defence White Paper, Main aspects of paper, Reduction in manned aircraft projects\nThese included the next generation of supersonic interceptor for high flying bombers, the F.155 and the interim aircraft that would have covered it until its introduction in 1963, namely the Saunders-Roe SR.53 and Saunders-Roe SR.177. Sandys felt that the existing interceptor fleet would serve until the Bristol Bloodhound was in service, and after that point, a bomber attack was unlikely as the world increasingly switched to missiles. As such, even the Blue Envoy surface-to-air missile was also cancelled; although it offered much higher performance than Bloodhound, by the time it arrived in the mid-1960s it would have nothing to shoot at.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 86], "content_span": [87, 733]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074795-0011-0000", "contents": "1957 Defence White Paper, Main aspects of paper, Reduction in manned aircraft projects\nThe RAF was especially critical of one part of Sandys' conclusions. They noted the introduction of the Tupolev Tu-22 and Myasishchev M-50 supersonic bombers would occur before Bloodhound was fully deployed, and that their existing interceptor aircraft like the Gloster Javelin were incapable of successfully attacking these aircraft. Sandys relented and allowed the English Electric P.1 (which would become the Lightning) to continue development, along with a new air-to-air missile to arm it, the Hawker Siddeley Red Top.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 86], "content_span": [87, 609]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074795-0012-0000", "contents": "1957 Defence White Paper, Main aspects of paper, Reduction in manned aircraft projects\nThe Avro 730 supersonic light bomber was also cancelled, as was the Blue Rosette nuclear weapon to arm it.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 86], "content_span": [87, 193]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074795-0013-0000", "contents": "1957 Defence White Paper, Main aspects of paper, Reduction in manned aircraft projects\nThe Royal Auxiliary Air Force's flying role was also brought to an end.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 86], "content_span": [87, 158]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074795-0014-0000", "contents": "1957 Defence White Paper, Main aspects of paper, Aircraft industry reorganization\nThe paper stated that the aircraft industry should re-organise, with a number of smaller companies becoming a few larger ones. It was made clear that new contracts would only be given to such merged firms, including the only new aircraft project, which would become the TSR-2.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 81], "content_span": [82, 358]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074795-0015-0000", "contents": "1957 Defence White Paper, Main aspects of paper, Aircraft industry reorganization\nUnder pressure, in 1960 English Electric, Bristol Aeroplane Company and Vickers-Armstrong merged to form the British Aircraft Corporation, or BAC. Hunting Aircraft soon joined the BAC group. In the same year, de Havilland, Blackburn Aircraft and Folland merged into Hawker Siddeley, which had already consisted of Armstrong Whitworth, Avro, Gloster and Hawker since 1935. Westland Aircraft took over all the helicopter manufacturers, including Saunders-Roe, Fairey Aviation and Bristol's helicopter work. Saunders-Roe's hovercraft work was spun off and merged with Vickers Supermarine as the British Hovercraft Corporation.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 81], "content_span": [82, 705]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074795-0016-0000", "contents": "1957 Defence White Paper, Main aspects of paper, Aircraft industry reorganization\nVery few companies were left independent after this wave of mergers, leaving only Handley Page as a major independent, along with the smaller companies like Auster, Boulton Paul, Miles Aircraft, Scottish Aviation and Short Brothers. Most of these disappeared by the 1970s. Scottish Aviation remained independent until 1977 and Shorts was purchased by Bombardier in 1989.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 81], "content_span": [82, 452]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074795-0017-0000", "contents": "1957 Defence White Paper, Main aspects of paper, Aircraft industry reorganization\nEngine companies were likewise \"encouraged\" to merge. In 1959 Armstrong Siddeley and Bristol's engine division merged to become Bristol Siddeley, but were shortly purchased by Rolls-Royce in 1966, leaving RR as the only major British aircraft engine manufacturer.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 81], "content_span": [82, 345]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074795-0018-0000", "contents": "1957 Defence White Paper, Main aspects of paper, Restructuring of the British Army\nThe British Army was to be reduced in size and reorganised to reflect the ending of National Service and the change to a voluntary army, and to \"keep the Army abreast of changing circumstances, policies, weapons and techniques of war\". 51 major units and a large number of smaller ones were to be disbanded or amalgamated, leaving the army with a strength of 165,000 officers and men. The process was to be carried out in two phases, to be completed by the end of 1959 and 1962 respectively.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 82], "content_span": [83, 574]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074795-0019-0000", "contents": "1957 Defence White Paper, Main aspects of paper, Restructuring of the British Army\nThe Royal Armoured Corps was to be reduced by the amalgamation of:", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 82], "content_span": [83, 149]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074795-0020-0000", "contents": "1957 Defence White Paper, Main aspects of paper, Restructuring of the British Army, Infantry Changes\nThe infantry of the line was to undergo major changes. Existing regiments were to be grouped in \"brigades\". Each brigade was to have a single depot with those of the individual regiments being reduced to the status of regimental headquarters. There was to be a reduction in the number of regular infantry battalions from 64 to 49 by the merging of pairs of regiments. The brigades and regiments were to be (with changes to 1966):", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 100], "content_span": [101, 530]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074795-0021-0000", "contents": "1957 Defence White Paper, Main aspects of paper, Restructuring of the British Army, Royal Artillery Changes\nThe Royal Artillery saw many changes, mostly in the way of AA units. When AA command was disbanded in 1955, many of the regular AA units were not disbanded like their Territorial counterparts, but disbanded in 1958/62.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 107], "content_span": [108, 326]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074795-0022-0000", "contents": "1957 Defence White Paper, Main aspects of paper, Restructuring of the British Army, Royal Artillery Changes\nThe Royal Engineers would be reduced by approximately 15,000 officers and men, with divisional engineer regiments to be replaced by field squadrons. The Royal Signals was to lose 13,000 soldiers by reduction of second-line units. Some of the work of the Royal Army Service Corps was to pass to civilian contractors, allowing a loss of 18,000 men. The Royal Army Ordnance Corps was to lose 11,000 soldiers, and was to be organised more efficiently with a large number of depots closed. The Royal Electrical and Mechanical Engineers was to lose 23,000 soldiers. Other arms and services were to be reduced in proportion.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 107], "content_span": [108, 725]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074795-0023-0000", "contents": "1957 Defence White Paper, Main aspects of paper, Ending of air branch RNVR\nSince 1938 the Air Branch of the Royal Navy Volunteer Reserve had been contributing reservists for air operations. From 1947 it had been curtailed to anti-submarine warfare (ASW) and fighter units only \u2014 there being a large number of propeller aircraft still in use. The increasing complexity of weapons system and the use of helicopters for ASW was thought to be beyond what reservist training could manage. With the ending of the Air branch, the Short Seamew was no longer required and production was cancelled.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 74], "content_span": [75, 588]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074796-0000-0000", "contents": "1957 Delaware Fightin' Blue Hens football team\nThe 1957 Delaware Fightin' Blue Hens football team was an American football team that represented the University of Delaware as an independent during the 1957 NCAA College Division football season. In its seventh season under head coach David M. Nelson, the team compiled a 4\u20133 record and outscored opponents by a total of 210 to 84. Joe Harvanik was the team captain.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 46], "section_span": [46, 46], "content_span": [47, 415]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074796-0001-0000", "contents": "1957 Delaware Fightin' Blue Hens football team\nDelaware did not play its scheduled date with Lafayette on Oct. 12, as an outbreak of Asian flu affecting more than 20 of the Leopards' players prompted them to cancel the game.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 46], "section_span": [46, 46], "content_span": [47, 224]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074796-0002-0000", "contents": "1957 Delaware Fightin' Blue Hens football team\nThe Blue Hens played their home games at Delaware Stadium on the university campus in Newark, Delaware.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 46], "section_span": [46, 46], "content_span": [47, 150]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074797-0000-0000", "contents": "1957 Delaware State Hornets football team\nThe 1957 Delaware State Hornets football team represented Delaware State College\u2014now known as Delaware State University\u2014as a member of the Central Intercollegiate Athletic Association (CIAA) in the 1957 NCAA College Division football season. Led by coach Bennie J. George in his second season, the Hornets compiled a 6\u20132 record.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 41], "section_span": [41, 41], "content_span": [42, 370]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074798-0000-0000", "contents": "1957 Denver Pioneers football team\nThe 1957 Denver Pioneers football team represented the University of Denver in the Skyline Conference during the 1957 NCAA University Division football season. In its third season under head coach John Roning, the team compiled a 6\u20134 record (5\u20132 against Skyline opponents), finished third in the conference, and was outscored by a total of 155 to 150.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [34, 34], "content_span": [35, 386]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074799-0000-0000", "contents": "1957 Detroit Lions season\nThe 1957 Detroit Lions season was the franchise's 28th season in the National Football League (NFL) and their 24th as the Detroit Lions. The Lions won their fourth and most recent NFL championship.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [25, 25], "content_span": [26, 223]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074799-0001-0000", "contents": "1957 Detroit Lions season\nIn the penultimate regular season game with the Cleveland Browns on December 8, hall of fame quarterback Bobby Layne was lost for the season with a broken right ankle. With backup Tobin Rote in at quarterback in the second quarter, the Lions won that game and overcame a ten-point deficit at halftime the following week to defeat the Chicago Bears 21\u201313, whom they had lost to three weeks earlier at home. They ended the regular season with three consecutive wins and an 8\u20134 record. All four losses were within the Western Conference, splitting the two games with all but the Green Bay Packers, whom they swept.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [25, 25], "content_span": [26, 637]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074799-0002-0000", "contents": "1957 Detroit Lions season\nDetroit tied with the San Francisco 49ers (8\u20134) for the conference title, which required a tiebreaker playoff game. Played at Kezar Stadium in San Francisco on December 22, the 49ers entered the game as three point favorites. Down by twenty points in the third quarter, Detroit  rallied with a 24\u20130 run to win 31\u201327.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [25, 25], "content_span": [26, 342]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074799-0003-0000", "contents": "1957 Detroit Lions season\nThe Lions were home underdogs for next week the NFL championship game on against Cleveland. Played on December 29 at Briggs Stadium in Detroit, the Lions led 17\u20130 after the first quarter and won in a rout, 59\u201314. Through the 2020 season, the Lions have yet to win, or even return to, another NFL title game (including the Super Bowl), an absence of more than sixty years. It is the fourth-longest drought in all four major sports, and the second-longest in the NFL, behind the Arizona Cardinals (1947, when the team was still based in Chicago), although the Cardinals, unlike the Lions, have subsequently appeared in the Super Bowl.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [25, 25], "content_span": [26, 658]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074799-0004-0000", "contents": "1957 Detroit Lions season, Standings\nNote: Tie games were not officially counted in the standings until 1972.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [27, 36], "content_span": [37, 109]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074799-0005-0000", "contents": "1957 Detroit Lions season, Season summary\nBetween the 1956 and 1957 seasons, the Lions hired George Wilson as their new head coach.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [27, 41], "content_span": [42, 131]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074799-0006-0000", "contents": "1957 Detroit Lions season, Season summary, Week 1: at Baltimore\nOn September 29, the Lions opened their 1957 regular-season schedule with a 34-14 loss to the Baltimore Colts in Baltimore. The Colts were led by Johnny Unitas who threw four touchdown passes and the Baltimore defense that held the Lions to 23 rushing yards and intercepted three of Bobby Layne's passes. Detroit's touchdowns were scored by Howard Cassady (a short run for his first NFL touchdown) and Jerry Reichow on a 32-yard pass from backup quarterback Tobin Rote.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [27, 63], "content_span": [64, 533]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074799-0007-0000", "contents": "1957 Detroit Lions season, Season summary, Playoffs vs. San Francisco\nOn December 22, the Lions defeated the San Francisco 49ers, 31\u201327, in a Western Conference playoff game. The two teams had finished the regular season tied in the standings at 8\u20134, which called for a tiebreaker game.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [27, 69], "content_span": [70, 286]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074799-0008-0000", "contents": "1957 Detroit Lions season, Season summary, Playoffs vs. San Francisco\nThe 49ers took a 24-7 lead at halftime, as Y. A. Tittle threw three touchdown passes in the first half. A field goal early in the third quarter extended the lead to 27\u20137, then the Lions responded with 24 unanswered points. Detroit's touchdowns were scored by Steve Junker on a four-yard pass from Tobin Rote, two runs by Tom Tracy (1-yard and 58-yard runs), and Gene Gedman on a two-yard run.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [27, 69], "content_span": [70, 462]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074799-0009-0000", "contents": "1957 Detroit Lions season, Season summary, NFL Championship Game\nOn December 29, the Lions defeated the Cleveland Browns 59\u201314 in the NFL championship game. The Browns had been favored to win by three points. Tobin Rote, filling in at quarterback after Bobby Layne broke his ankle on December 8, was credited with \"a brilliant performance\" as he completed 12 of 19 passes for 280 yards and four touchdowns and rushed for a touchdown, leading the Lions to their greatest point total in history. The Lions capitalized on five interceptions and two fumble recoveries, including a 19-yard interception return for touchdown by Terry Barr, and held Cleveland star rookie Jim Brown to 69 rushing yards on 20 carries.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [27, 64], "content_span": [65, 709]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074799-0010-0000", "contents": "1957 Detroit Lions season, Season summary, NFL Championship Game\nThe longest pay of the game was a 78-yard touchdown pass from Rote to Jim Doran. Rookie Steve Junker was the Lions' leading scorer with 12 points on touchdown receptions covering 26 and 23 yards. Jim Martin followed with 11 points on eight extra point conversions and a 31-yard field goal. The victory gave the Lions their third NFL championship in six years. It was also referred to as \"the perfect revenge\" for the Browns' 56-10 defeat of the Lions in the 1954 NFL Championship Game.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [27, 64], "content_span": [65, 550]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074800-0000-0000", "contents": "1957 Detroit Tigers season\nThe 1957 Detroit Tigers season was a season in American baseball. The team finished fourth in the American League with a record of 78\u201376, 20 games behind the New York Yankees. The team scored 614 runs and allowed 614 runs for a run differential of zero.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [26, 26], "content_span": [27, 280]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074800-0001-0000", "contents": "1957 Detroit Tigers season, Player stats, Batting, Starters by position\nNote: Pos = Position; G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [28, 71], "content_span": [72, 196]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074800-0002-0000", "contents": "1957 Detroit Tigers season, Player stats, Batting, Other batters\nNote: G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [28, 64], "content_span": [65, 173]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074800-0003-0000", "contents": "1957 Detroit Tigers season, Player stats, Pitching, Starting pitchers\nNote: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [28, 69], "content_span": [70, 180]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074800-0004-0000", "contents": "1957 Detroit Tigers season, Player stats, Pitching, Other pitchers\nNote: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [28, 66], "content_span": [67, 177]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074800-0005-0000", "contents": "1957 Detroit Tigers season, Player stats, Pitching, Relief pitchers\nNote: G = Games pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; SV = Saves; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [28, 67], "content_span": [68, 168]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074801-0000-0000", "contents": "1957 Detroit Titans football team\nThe 1957 Detroit Titans football team represented the University of Detroit as an independent during the 1957 NCAA University Division football season. Detroit outscored its opponents by a combined total of 179 to 98 and finished with a 6\u20133 record in its fourth year under head coach Wally Fromhart.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [33, 33], "content_span": [34, 333]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074801-0001-0000", "contents": "1957 Detroit Titans football team\nThe team's statistical leaders included Lou Faoro with 545 passing yards, Billy Russell with 431 rushing yards, and Albert Korpak with 266 receiving yards and 48 points scored.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [33, 33], "content_span": [34, 210]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074802-0000-0000", "contents": "1957 Dominican Republic general election\nGeneral elections were held in the Dominican Republic on 16 May 1957. H\u00e9ctor Trujillo was the only candidate in the presidential election, and was elected unopposed, although his predecessor and brother Rafael Trujillo maintained absolute control of the country. The Dominican Party won every seat in the Congressional elections.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [40, 40], "content_span": [41, 370]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074803-0000-0000", "contents": "1957 Dominican general election\nGeneral elections were held in Dominica on 15 August 1957. No political parties contested the elections and all candidates ran as independents. Voter turnout was 75.6%.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [31, 31], "content_span": [32, 200]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074804-0000-0000", "contents": "1957 Drake Bulldogs football team\nThe 1957 Drake Bulldogs football team was an American football team that represented Drake University as an independent during the 1957 NCAA University Division football season. In its ninth season under head coach Warren Gaer, the team compiled a 7\u20132 record, lost to Louisville in the 1958 Sun Bowl, and outscored all opponents by a total of 185 to 112. The team played its home games at Drake Stadium in Des Moines, Iowa.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [33, 33], "content_span": [34, 457]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074805-0000-0000", "contents": "1957 Drexel Dragons football team\nThe 1957 Drexel Dragons football team represented the Drexel Institute of Technology (renamed Drexel University in 1970) as an independent during the 1957 NCAA College Division football season. Eddie Allen was the team's head coach.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [33, 33], "content_span": [34, 266]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074806-0000-0000", "contents": "1957 Duke Blue Devils football team\nThe 1957 Duke Blue Devils football team represented Duke University during the 1957 NCAA University Division football season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [35, 35], "content_span": [36, 161]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074807-0000-0000", "contents": "1957 East Carolina Pirates football team\nThe 1957 East Carolina Pirates football team was an American football team that represented represented East Carolina College (now known as East Carolina University) as a member of the North State Conference during the 1957 NAIA football season. In their sixth season under head coach Jack Boone, the team compiled a 1\u20138 record.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [40, 40], "content_span": [41, 369]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074808-0000-0000", "contents": "1957 East Ham North by-election\nThe East Ham North by-election of 30 May 1957 was held after the death of Labour Party MP Percy Daines.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [31, 31], "content_span": [32, 135]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074808-0001-0000", "contents": "1957 East Ham North by-election\nThe seat was safe, having been won at the 1955 United Kingdom general election by over 5,500 votes", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [31, 31], "content_span": [32, 130]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074809-0000-0000", "contents": "1957 Eastern Michigan Hurons football team\nThe 1957 Eastern Michigan Hurons football team represented Eastern Michigan College (renamed Eastern Michigan University in 1959) in the Interstate Intercollegiate Athletic Conference (IIAC) during the 1957 NCAA College Division football season. In their sixth season under head coach Fred Trosko, the Hurons compiled a 6\u20133 record (6\u20130 against IIAC opponents), won the IIAC championship, and outscored their opponents, 237 to 127. The team defeated all six of its conference opponents by at least three touchdowns. Dr. Walter Gerald Brown was the team captain. Kerry Keating led the team with 563 yards of total offense, 563 rushing yards, 153 receiving yards, 15 touchdowns, and 90 points scored. Keating also received the team's most valuable player award.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 42], "section_span": [42, 42], "content_span": [43, 801]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074810-0000-0000", "contents": "1957 Edinburgh South by-election\nThe Edinburgh South by-election of 29 May 1957 was held after the resignation of Unionist Party MP William Darling.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [32, 32], "content_span": [33, 148]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074810-0001-0000", "contents": "1957 Edinburgh South by-election\nThe seat was safe, having been won for the Unionists by Darling at the 1955 general election by a majority of nearly 13,000 votes", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [32, 32], "content_span": [33, 162]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074811-0000-0000", "contents": "1957 Edmonton municipal election\nThe 1957 municipal election was held November 3, 1957 to elect a mayor and five aldermen to sit on Edmonton City Council and four trustees to sit on the public school board (Michael O'Byrne, Orest Demco, Catherine McGrath, and Joseph Moreau were acclaimed to two-year terms on the separate school board). The electorate also decided seven plebiscite questions.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [32, 32], "content_span": [33, 393]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074811-0001-0000", "contents": "1957 Edmonton municipal election\nThe election would normally have fallen on October 16 (the third Wednesday in October), but was delayed because of the provincial plebiscite on October 30.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [32, 32], "content_span": [33, 188]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074811-0002-0000", "contents": "1957 Edmonton municipal election\nThere were ten aldermen on city council, but five of the positions were already filled: Frederick John Mitchell, Ethel Wilson, Laurette Douglas, Giffard Main, and Donald Bowen were all elected to two-year terms in 1956 and were still in office.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [32, 32], "content_span": [33, 277]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074811-0003-0000", "contents": "1957 Edmonton municipal election\nThere were seven trustees on the public school board, but three of the positions were already filled: J. Percy Page, John Thorogood, and William Orobko were elected to two-year terms in 1956 and were still in office. The same was true on the separate board, where Vincent Dantzer, John Bernard Kane, and Leo Lemieux were continuing.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [32, 32], "content_span": [33, 365]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074811-0004-0000", "contents": "1957 Edmonton municipal election, Voter turnout\nThere were 49955 ballots cast out of 141532 eligible voters, for a voter turnout of 35.3%.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 47], "content_span": [48, 138]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074811-0005-0000", "contents": "1957 Edmonton municipal election, Results, Plebiscites, Fluoridation of Water\nShall fluorides, for the prevention of tooth decay, be added to the City water supply sufficient to bring the fluoride content of City water up to the level of one part fluoride to one million parts of water?", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 77], "content_span": [78, 286]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074811-0006-0000", "contents": "1957 Edmonton municipal election, Results, Plebiscites, Paving\nShall Council pass a bylaw creating a debenture debt in the sum of $965,000.00 for the City share of standard paving of arterial and residential streets?", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 62], "content_span": [63, 216]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074811-0007-0000", "contents": "1957 Edmonton municipal election, Results, Plebiscites, Parks\nShall Council pass a bylaw creating a debenture debt in the sum of $200,000.00 for the improvement of City parks and the commencement of work on unsubdivided park land, circles, buffer zones, ravine side boulevards and similar works?", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 61], "content_span": [62, 295]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074811-0008-0000", "contents": "1957 Edmonton municipal election, Results, Plebiscites, Traffic Lights\nShall Council pass a bylaw creating a debenture debt in the sum of $100,000.00 in order to purchase and install additional traffic lights at various locations within the City?", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 70], "content_span": [71, 246]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074811-0009-0000", "contents": "1957 Edmonton municipal election, Results, Plebiscites, Library\nShall Council pass a bylaw creating a debenture debt in the sum of $100,000.00 in order to construct and equip a branch of the Edmonton Public Library in a location within the City?", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 63], "content_span": [64, 245]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074811-0010-0000", "contents": "1957 Edmonton municipal election, Results, Plebiscites, Royal Alexandra Hospital\nShall Council pass a bylaw creating a debenture debt in the sum of $250,000.00 to provide necessary renovations to the existing portion of the Royal Alexandra Hospital and equipment for the Hospital?", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 80], "content_span": [81, 280]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074811-0011-0000", "contents": "1957 Edmonton municipal election, Results, Plebiscites, Fire Hall\nShall Council pass a bylaw creating a debenture debt in the sum of $245,000.00 in order to build and provide equipment for a Fire Hall at 98th Street and 101A Avenue?", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 65], "content_span": [66, 232]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074812-0000-0000", "contents": "1957 Egypt Cup Final\n1957 Egypt Cup Final, was the final match of the 1956\u201357 Egypt Cup, was between Zamalek and Al-Masry, Zamalek won the match 3\u20130.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [20, 20], "content_span": [21, 149]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074813-0000-0000", "contents": "1957 Egyptian parliamentary election\nParliamentary elections were held in Egypt on 3 July 1957, having originally been scheduled for November 1956, but postponed due to the Suez Crisis. The first since the 1952 revolution, which saw King Farouk overthrown, and the approval of a new constitution in a referendum in June 1956, the election was carried out on a non-partisan basis, although nearly 50% of candidates were rejected by army officials for being \"undesirable\" or \"unworthy\". They were also the first elections in Egypt in which women had the right to vote or stand for election. Despite only six women contesting the election out of a total of over 2,000 candidates, and 70% of Egyptian men being against their presence in parliament, Rawya Ateya and Amina Shukri were elected, becoming the first women parliamentarians in the Arab world.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [36, 36], "content_span": [37, 848]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074813-0001-0000", "contents": "1957 Egyptian parliamentary election\nFollowing its election, the 350-member National Assembly was seated on 22 July. However, it had little power, with its votes against government policy being ignored by President Gamal Abdel Nasser. The Assembly was dissolved on 10 February 1958 following Egypt and Syria merging to form of the United Arab Republic, and the establishment of a joint National Assembly with 400 members from Egypt and 200 from Syria.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [36, 36], "content_span": [37, 451]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074814-0000-0000", "contents": "1957 Ekstraklasa, Overview\n12 teams competed in the 1957 Ekstraklasa. G\u00f3rnik Zabrze won the championship.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 16], "section_span": [18, 26], "content_span": [27, 105]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074815-0000-0000", "contents": "1957 Emperor's Cup, Overview\nIt was contested by 16 teams, and Chuo University Club won the championship.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 18], "section_span": [20, 28], "content_span": [29, 105]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074816-0000-0000", "contents": "1957 Emperor's Cup Final\nThis is the current revision of this page, as edited by Monkbot (talk | contribs) at 00:17, 8 January 2020 (\u2192\u200etop: Task 15:  language icon template(s) replaced (1\u00d7);). The present address (URL) is a permanent link to this version.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [24, 24], "content_span": [25, 255]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074816-0001-0000", "contents": "1957 Emperor's Cup Final\n1957 Emperor's Cup Final was the 37th final of the Emperor's Cup competition. The final was played at Hiroshima Kokutaiji High School Stadium in Hiroshima on May 6, 1957. Chudai Club won the championship.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [24, 24], "content_span": [25, 229]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074816-0002-0000", "contents": "1957 Emperor's Cup Final, Overview\nChudai Club won their 1st title, by defeating Toyo Industries 2\u20131.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 34], "content_span": [35, 101]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074817-0000-0000", "contents": "1957 English Greyhound Derby\nThe 1957 Greyhound Derby took place during June with the final being held on 29 June 1957 at White City Stadium. The winner was Ford Spartan and the winning owners Frank Hill and Sid Frost received \u00a31,500. Ford Spartan was reared by Robert Bolt.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [28, 28], "content_span": [29, 274]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074817-0001-0000", "contents": "1957 English Greyhound Derby, Final result, Distances\nNeck, 1, 3, 1\u00bc, 3 (lengths)The distances between the greyhounds are in finishing order and shown in lengths. From 1950 one length was equal to 0.08 of one second.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 53], "content_span": [54, 216]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074817-0002-0000", "contents": "1957 English Greyhound Derby, Competition Report\nNorthern King trained by Jack Harvey was installed as ante-post favourite for the 1957 Derby after enjoying a good season previously. The Pall Mall Stakes and newly crowned Gold Collar champion Silent Worship was second on the ante-post list with Puppy Derby Champion Ford Spartan third. Jack McAllister the owner of 1956 champion Dunmore King, sent over Irish entry Scoutbush. A second entry from McAllister was a greyhound called Ricardus and he was put with trainer Paddy McEvoy. Oaks champion First But Last and Grand Prix champion Land of Song were two more leading entries. Kilcaskin Kern a recent track record holder at Cork Greyhound Stadium decided to stay in Ireland.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 48], "content_span": [49, 726]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074817-0003-0000", "contents": "1957 English Greyhound Derby, Competition Report\nBefore the first nights heats got underway Silent Worship was found to be lame which led to his owners selling him shortly afterwards. The first round provided another surprise when Moyne Rosette beat Northern King in a slow time of 29.45 sec. Ford Spartan impressed recording 28.74 to become the new favourite. Scoutbush who had been purchased by new owners after the first round went out during the next stage but Northern King returned to form with a win and there were successes for First But Last and Ford Spartan.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 48], "content_span": [49, 568]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074817-0004-0000", "contents": "1957 English Greyhound Derby, Competition Report\nIn the semi-finals Quare Fool claimed the first heat leading all the way, Highwood Sovereign and Land of Song also progressed to make the final, leaving strong favourite Northern King fading into last place after encountering a bump at the start. The second heat saw Ford Spartan backed to 2-7f leading throughout and holding off the strong finishing Highway Tim.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 48], "content_span": [49, 412]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074817-0005-0000", "contents": "1957 English Greyhound Derby, Competition Report\nIn the final the first to show was Land of Song but he was soon caught at the first bend by Ford Spartan, who then showed good early pace to take a clear lead. From the fourth bend Highway Tim put in a burst of speed that forced the stewards to call for a photo finish but Ford Spartan had held on to claim the title.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 48], "content_span": [49, 366]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074818-0000-0000", "contents": "1957 English cricket season\n1957 was the 58th season of County Championship cricket in England. Surrey's run of success continued with a sixth successive title and this was the most decisive as they won 21 matches out of 28 and lost none. They finished with 312 points while runners-up Northamptonshire had 218. England defeated West Indies 3\u20130.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [27, 27], "content_span": [28, 345]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074818-0001-0000", "contents": "1957 English cricket season, Test series, West Indies tour\nEngland defeated West Indies 3\u20130 with two matches drawn. The first match, at Edgbaston, was crucial. England had appeared likely to lose it by an innings, until Peter May and Colin Cowdrey came together in a partnership of 411, then the fourth wicket Test record for all countries. May made 285* and Cowdrey 154. As a result, England saved (and nearly won) the match. The mastery that Sonny Ramadhin had enjoyed over English batsmen since 1950 was broken.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 58], "content_span": [59, 514]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074818-0002-0000", "contents": "1957 English cricket season, County Championship\nIt was jokingly suggested that Surrey might still have won the title had they had no stumps to bowl at, for Mickey Stewart held 77 catches (only one short of Wally Hammond's record for a fielder), and Ken Barrington and Tony Lock each held 64.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 48], "content_span": [49, 292]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074818-0003-0000", "contents": "1957 English cricket season, Leading players\nPeter May topped the batting averages with 2,347 runs at an average of 61.76. Tony Lock topped the bowling averages with 212 wickets taken at 12.02 runs per wicket.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 44], "content_span": [45, 209]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074819-0000-0000", "contents": "1957 Estonian SSR Football Championship\nThe 1957 Estonian SSR Football Championship was won by \u00dclemiste Kalev.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [39, 39], "content_span": [40, 110]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074820-0000-0000", "contents": "1957 Ethiopian general election\nGeneral elections were held in Ethiopia between 1 and 30 September 1957, to elect 210 members of the Chamber of Deputies, the lower house of the Ethiopian parliament (members of the upper house, the Senate, were appointed by the Emperor). These elections followed the new constitution which had been enacted by Emperor Haile Selassie in 1955, and were the first ever held in that ancient country.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [31, 31], "content_span": [32, 428]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074820-0001-0000", "contents": "1957 Ethiopian general election, Electoral system\nThe regulations for this election were set forth in Proclamation 152 of 1952. This law set up a Central Election Board of three members, which worked with the help of the Ethiopian Ministry of Interior. Each rural constituency of 200,000 eligible voters elected two members for the Chamber. Political parties were not authorized at this time, so competition for office were \"reduced to the level of individual competition,\" according to Bahru Zewdu. \"Given the attractive salary of deputies as well as the social status enjoyed by them, that competition was understandably keen. Parliament thus became a vehicle for self-promotion rather than a forum of popular representation.\"", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 49], "content_span": [50, 728]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074820-0002-0000", "contents": "1957 Ethiopian general election, Electoral system\nUniversal suffrage was introduced for everyone born in Ethiopia and over 21 in age. The prospective voter was required to have lived in their electoral district for at least one year, not be disqualified by insanity, loss of civil rights pursuant to the penal code law, or be incarcerated. Candidates had to meet specific property qualifications. According to Edmond Keller, \"A candidate had to own at least E$ 850 in land in the constituency he proposed to represent, or he had to possess at least E$ 1,700 in moveable property.\" Along with the relatively expensive cost of campaigning greatly restricted the number of people who could run for office. As a result, a disproportionate number of candidates were from aristocratic families\u201426%, according to Edmond Keller.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 49], "content_span": [50, 820]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074821-0000-0000", "contents": "1957 European Amateur Boxing Championships\nThe 1957 European Amateur Boxing Championships  were held in Prague, Czechoslovakia, from May 25 to June 2. The 12th edition of the bi-annual competition was organised by the European governing body for amateur boxing, EABA. There were 149 fighters from 21 countries participating.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 42], "section_span": [42, 42], "content_span": [43, 324]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074822-0000-0000", "contents": "1957 European Baseball Championship\nThe 1957 European Baseball Championship was held in Germany and was won by the Netherlands for two years running. Germany finished as runner-up.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [35, 35], "content_span": [36, 180]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074823-0000-0000", "contents": "1957 European Cup Final\nThe 1957 European Cup Final was a football match played at the Santiago Bernab\u00e9u Stadium in Madrid, Spain, on 30 May 1957 to determine the winners of the 1956\u201357 European Cup. It was contested between Real Madrid of Spain and Fiorentina of Italy. Real Madrid won 2\u20130 after goals from Alfredo Di St\u00e9fano and Francisco Gento in the second half. It was the first of four finals (also counting the Champions League era, followed by the 1965, 1984 and 2012 finals) where one of the teams played in its home stadium, and also the first final when the winning team played at their home stadium.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [23, 23], "content_span": [24, 611]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074823-0001-0000", "contents": "1957 European Cup Final\nControversy surrounded Real Madrid's first goal after Dutch referee Leo Horn ignored his linesman signalling that Enrique Mateos was offside before awarding a penalty for a foul on Mateos that appeared to have been committed outside the penalty area.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [23, 23], "content_span": [24, 274]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074823-0002-0000", "contents": "1957 European Cup Final, Route to the final, Real Madrid\nReal Madrid qualified for the 1956\u201357 European Cup as the competition's defending champions, having beaten Reims 4\u20133 in the 1956 final at the Parc des Princes in Paris. As the title holders, they were given a bye directly to the first round, where they were drawn against Austrian champions Rapid Wien. Two goals each from Alfredo Di St\u00e9fano and Ram\u00f3n Marsal gave them a 4\u20132 win in the first leg at the Santiago Bernab\u00e9u Stadium. In the second leg, Ernst Happel scored a hat-trick to put Rapid 3\u20130 ahead, but a Di St\u00e9fano goal made the score 3\u20131. The game finished 5\u20135 on aggregate. As the away goals rule was not implemented until 1965, a play-off took place at the Bernab\u00e9u, where goals from Jose\u00edto and Raymond Kopa gave Madrid a 2\u20130.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 56], "content_span": [57, 794]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074823-0003-0000", "contents": "1957 European Cup Final, Route to the final, Real Madrid\nThe quarter-finals saw Madrid take on French champions Nice. A Jose\u00edto goal and two from Enrique Mateos gave Madrid a 3\u20130 win at home. In the away tie, Jacques Foix pulled a goal back for Nice, but another goal from Jose\u00edto and two by Di St\u00e9fano secured Madrid's victory; a late penalty by Nice's Ferry meant the tie finished 6\u20132 on aggregate.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 56], "content_span": [57, 400]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074823-0004-0000", "contents": "1957 European Cup Final, Route to the final, Real Madrid\nManchester United were Madrid's opponents in the semi-finals. Goals from H\u00e9ctor Rial and Di St\u00e9fano put Madrid 2\u20130 up just after the hour mark; Manchester United pulled a goal back through Tommy Taylor, but Mateos' goal a minute later cancelled it out. Kopa and Rial each scored in the first half in the second leg at Old Trafford, which practically put the tie beyond doubt, though Taylor and Bobby Charlton scored in the second half to reduce the aggregate score to 5\u20133. That result sent Real Madrid through to their second straight European Cup final.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 56], "content_span": [57, 611]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074823-0005-0000", "contents": "1957 European Cup Final, Route to the final, Fiorentina\nFiorentina qualified after winning the 1955\u201356 Serie A. They were placed into the South-Central Europe group for the preliminary round draw, but were not among the first four teams drawn and received a bye to the first round. There they faced IFK Norrk\u00f6ping of Sweden, who had also received a bye. In the first leg at Stadio Artemio Franchi, they fell behind to an early goal by Harry Bild, but Claudio Bizzarri equalised shortly afterwards and the match finished 1\u20131. In the second leg, Giuseppe Virgili scored the only goal of the game to give Fiorentina a 2\u20131 win on aggregate.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 55], "content_span": [56, 636]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074823-0006-0000", "contents": "1957 European Cup Final, Route to the final, Fiorentina\nIn the quarter-finals against Grasshoppers of Switzerland, Fiorentina jumped out to a 3\u20130 lead early in the first leg thanks to goals from Armando Segato and Romano Taccola (2), but Robert Ballaman pulled one back for the visitors. Julinho extended Fiorentina's aggregate lead early in the second leg, only for Ballaman to again reduce the Swiss side's deficit; nevertheless, Miguel Montuori scored Fiorentina's fifth goal of the tie, rendering Branislav Vukosavljevi\u0107's late goal mere consolation in a 5\u20133 aggregate scoreline.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 55], "content_span": [56, 583]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074823-0007-0000", "contents": "1957 European Cup Final, Route to the final, Fiorentina\nRed Star Belgrade of Yugoslavia were Fiorentina's opponents in the semi-finals. The first leg was played in Belgrade and went goalless until two minutes from the end, when Maurilio Prini scored for the Italians. The second leg went goalless, and Fiorentina won the tie to become the first Italian side to reach the European Cup final.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 55], "content_span": [56, 390]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074823-0008-0000", "contents": "1957 European Cup Final, Match\nThe final was held at the Santiago Bernab\u00e9u Stadium on 30 May 1957. Leo Horn of the Netherlands refereed the game. A penalty from Di St\u00e9fano and a goal from Gento gave Madrid a 2\u20130 victory and retention of the title. This was their second European Cup victory in as many years.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 30], "content_span": [31, 308]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074824-0000-0000", "contents": "1957 European Figure Skating Championships\nThe 1957 European Figure Skating Championships were held on February 14\u201316, 1957 in Vienna, Austria. Elite senior-level figure skaters from European ISU member nations competed for the title of European Champion in the disciplines of men's singles, ladies' singles, pair skating, and ice dancing.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 42], "section_span": [42, 42], "content_span": [43, 339]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074825-0000-0000", "contents": "1957 European Rowing Championships\nThe 1957 European Rowing Championships were rowing championships held on the Wedau Regatta Course in the city of Duisburg which, at the time, was located in West Germany. Men competed in all seven Olympic boat classes (M1x, M2x, M2-, M2+, M4-, M4+, M8+), and women entered in five boat classes (W1x, W2x, W4x+, W4+, W8+). Many of the men competed two months later at the Olympic Games in Melbourne; women would first be allowed to compete at Olympic level in 1976. Women competed from 23 to 25 August. Men competed the following week.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [34, 34], "content_span": [35, 569]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074825-0001-0000", "contents": "1957 European Rowing Championships, Background\nFISA, the International Rowing Federation, decided at its congress held just prior to the 1955 Championships in Ghent to award the 1956 Championships to Bled, and that the 1957 Championships were to be hosted by Duisburg.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [36, 46], "content_span": [47, 268]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074826-0000-0000", "contents": "1957 European Shooting Championships\nThe 1957 European Shooting Championships was the 2nd edition of the global shooting competition, European Shooting Championships, organised by the International Shooting Sport Federation.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [36, 36], "content_span": [37, 224]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074827-0000-0000", "contents": "1957 European Shotgun Championships\nThe 1957 European Shotgun Championships was the 2nd edition of the global shotgun competition, European Shotgun Championships, organised by the International Shooting Sport Federation.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [35, 35], "content_span": [36, 220]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074828-0000-0000", "contents": "1957 European Women's Artistic Gymnastics Championships\nThe 1957 European Women's Artistic Gymnastics Championships took place in Bucharest, Romania. It was the first European competition for female artistic gymnastics.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 55], "section_span": [55, 55], "content_span": [56, 219]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074828-0001-0000", "contents": "1957 European Women's Artistic Gymnastics Championships, Results, Floor\nThis gymnastics competition article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by .", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 55], "section_span": [57, 71], "content_span": [72, 146]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074829-0000-0000", "contents": "1957 FA Charity Shield\nThe 1957 FA Charity Shield was the 35th FA Charity Shield, an annual football match held between the winners of the previous season's Football League and FA Cup competitions. The match was contested by Manchester United, who had won the 1956\u201357 Football League, and Aston Villa, who had won the 1956\u201357 FA Cup, at Old Trafford, Manchester, on 22 October 1957. Manchester United won the match 4\u20130, with Tommy Taylor scoring a hat-trick and Johnny Berry adding a penalty.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [22, 22], "content_span": [23, 492]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074830-0000-0000", "contents": "1957 FA Cup Final\nThe 1957 FA Cup Final was a football match played on 4 May 1957 at Wembley Stadium between Aston Villa and Manchester United. Villa won 2\u20131, with both of their goals scored by Peter McParland. Tommy Taylor scored United's goal. It was Villa's first major trophy for 37 years.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [17, 17], "content_span": [18, 293]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074830-0001-0000", "contents": "1957 FA Cup Final\nThe final was marred by a collision after only six minutes between Villa forward Peter McParland and United goalkeeper Ray Wood, which left Wood unconscious with a broken cheekbone. Wood left the pitch and Jackie Blanchflower took over in goal for United. Wood eventually rejoined the game in an outfield position as a virtual passenger before returning to goal for the last seven minutes of the game.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [17, 17], "content_span": [18, 419]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074830-0002-0000", "contents": "1957 FA Cup Final\nVilla's victory gave them their seventh FA Cup title, a record at the time, but since passed by three clubs including Manchester United, who have twelve wins. They reached the final in 2000, when they lost to Chelsea, and in 2015, when they lost to Arsenal.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [17, 17], "content_span": [18, 275]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074830-0003-0000", "contents": "1957 FA Cup Final\nSix of the 11 players who took to the field for United in this game lost their lives in the Munich air disaster nine months later; as did a further two players who did not appear in the game, while two others (who both appeared in the game) were injured to such an extent that they never played again. The only United players who appeared in the final a year later were full-back Bill Foulkes and forward Bobby Charlton. The death of Foulkes in November 2013 leaves Charlton as the last surviving player from the United team in the 1957 FA Cup Final, while the death of Nigel Sims in January 2018 left Peter McParland as the only remaining survivor from the winning team.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [17, 17], "content_span": [18, 689]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074830-0004-0000", "contents": "1957 FA Cup Final\nIn December 2007, BBC Four's Timeshift series screened a documentary, A Game of Two Eras, which compared the 1957 final with its 2007 counterpart.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [17, 17], "content_span": [18, 164]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074831-0000-0000", "contents": "1957 FAMAS Awards\nThe 5th Filipino Academy of Movie Arts and Sciences Awards Night was held inn 1957 for the Outstanding Achievements for 1956 at Fiesta Pavilion in Manila Hotel.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [17, 17], "content_span": [18, 178]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074831-0001-0000", "contents": "1957 FAMAS Awards\nDesperado of Peoples Picture ran away with the most wins (4) out of 11 nominations. However, it was Luksang Tagumpay by (LVN Pictures) who won the FAMAS Award for Best Picture.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [17, 17], "content_span": [18, 194]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074832-0000-0000", "contents": "1957 FIBA World Championship for Women\nThe 1957 FIBA World Championship for Women (Portuguese:Campeonato Mundial Feminino da Fiba de 1957) was the second FIBA World Championship for Women basketball championship held by FIBA. It was held in Brazil between 13 October and 26 October 1957. Twelve national teams entered the event under the auspices of FIBA, the sport's governing body. The city of Rio de Janeiro hosted the tournament. The United States won its second title after finishing in first place in the second round.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [38, 38], "content_span": [39, 524]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074833-0000-0000", "contents": "1957 Fethiye earthquakes\nThe first of the 1957 Fethiye earthquakes occurred on April 24, 1957, with the second and larger event about seven hours later on the following day. Both earthquakes had epicentres in the eastern Mediterranean between Rhodes and the coastal city of Fethiye in Mu\u011fla Province, southwestern Turkey.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [24, 24], "content_span": [25, 321]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074833-0001-0000", "contents": "1957 Fethiye earthquakes, Tectonics\nAs noted by a scientist from Istanbul Technical University, the tectonics of the Aegean Region of Turkey, which incorporates many faults, produces earthquakes frequently. The quakes can reach magnitudes up to 7.2 with aftershocks of 5.1. A geological fault in the southern part of the region stretches from the Greek island of Rhodes northeastwards to Burdur and passes close to the vicinity to Fethiye.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 35], "content_span": [36, 439]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074833-0002-0000", "contents": "1957 Fethiye earthquakes, Earthquake characteristics\nThe first earthquake hit at 21:17 hours local time on April 24, 1957 and lasted 25 seconds having a magnitude of 7.1 on the moment magnitude scale; a stronger second quake occurred at 04:26 hours on April 25; this one lasted for 60 seconds and had a magnitude of 7.3. The earthquakes also shook many locations around Fethye, the epicenter, including Isparta, Burdur, Tefenni, Ac\u0131payam, Denizli, Nazilli, Ayd\u0131n, Yata\u011fan, Milas, Bodrum, \u00d6demi\u015f, Mu\u011fla, Marmaris, K\u00f6yce\u011fiz, Ka\u015f and Finike as well as the Greek islands of Kos, Symi and Rhodes.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 52], "content_span": [53, 591]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074833-0003-0000", "contents": "1957 Fethiye earthquakes, Damage and casualties\nAround 1,500 structures, including public buildings such as schools, hospital, prison, gendarmerie station, community health center and city hall, were damaged. The number of affected people was around 8,000. A 5\u20136\u00a0m (16\u201320\u00a0ft) section of the harbor quay broke away and sank into the sea, and asphalt road surfaces split and cracked. The earthquake ruined almost the entire city, with 90% of buildings being damaged.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 47], "content_span": [48, 464]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074833-0003-0001", "contents": "1957 Fethiye earthquakes, Damage and casualties\nThanks to the strict evacuation order of the district governor Nazif Oku\u015f after the first quake, the number of dead remained at only 19 for the city and the villages around with a total population of around 60,000. According to another source, a total of 67 people were killed, 27 in the city and in its villages, 40 in the surrounding districts.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 47], "content_span": [48, 394]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074833-0004-0000", "contents": "1957 Fethiye earthquakes, Damage and casualties\nTelecommunications were interrupted as the telephone lines broke, but communications were restored two days later by the use of field telephones.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 47], "content_span": [48, 193]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074833-0005-0000", "contents": "1957 Fethiye earthquakes, Aftermath\nThe first actual relief came on April 26 from the Turkish Red Crescent (Turkish: K\u0131z\u0131lay) with 2,500 blankets, 1,350 tents and a field hospital. President Celal Bayar, Prime Minister Adnan Menderes and high government officials visited the disaster region on April 28. Wreck removal works were hampered by uninterrupted rainfall.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 35], "content_span": [36, 365]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074833-0006-0000", "contents": "1957 Fethiye earthquakes, Aftermath\nOn April 29, the destroyer HMS\u00a0Dainty, a warship of the British Mediterranean Fleet delivered 2,000 blankets, 500 tents, medicine and food to the earthquake victims in Fethiye.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 35], "content_span": [36, 212]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074833-0007-0000", "contents": "1957 Fethiye earthquakes, Commemoration\nIn 2013, the mayor of Fethiye held a commemoration event featuring a photography exhibition.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 39], "content_span": [40, 132]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074834-0000-0000", "contents": "1957 Five Nations Championship\nThe 1957 Five Nations Championship was the twenty-eighth series of the rugby union Five Nations Championship. Including the previous incarnations as the Home Nations and Five Nations, this was the sixty-third series of the northern hemisphere rugby union championship. Ten matches were played between 12 January and 23 March. It was contested by England, France, Ireland, Scotland and Wales.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [30, 30], "content_span": [31, 422]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074834-0001-0000", "contents": "1957 Five Nations Championship\nEngland won its 15th title, winning also the Grand Slam, the Triple Crown and the Calcutta Cup.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [30, 30], "content_span": [31, 126]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074835-0000-0000", "contents": "1957 Florida A&M Rattlers football team\nThe 1957 Florida A&M Rattlers football team was an American football team that represented Florida A&M University as a member of the Southern Intercollegiate Athletic Conference (SIAC) during the 1957 NCAA College  Division football season. In their 13th season under head coach Jake Gaither, the Rattlers compiled a perfect 9\u20130 record, including a victory over Maryland State in the Orange Blossom Classic for the black college football national championship. The team played its home games at Bragg Memorial Stadium in Tallahassee, Florida.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [39, 39], "content_span": [40, 582]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074835-0001-0000", "contents": "1957 Florida A&M Rattlers football team\nThe team's statistical leaders included Lewis Johnson with 627 rushing yards, James Williams with 383 passing yards, and Alvis Chavis with 146 receiving yards.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [39, 39], "content_span": [40, 199]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074836-0000-0000", "contents": "1957 Florida Gators football team\nThe 1957 Florida Gators football team represented the University of Florida during the 1957 NCAA University Division football season. The season was Bob Woodruff's eighth as the head coach of the Florida Gators football team. Woodruff's 1957 Florida Gators finished their abbreviated season with an overall record of 6\u20132\u20131 and a Southeastern Conference (SEC) record of 4\u20132\u20131, tying for third place among the twelve SEC teams.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [33, 33], "content_span": [34, 459]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074836-0001-0000", "contents": "1957 Florida Gators football team, Before the season\nThe 1957 season was the last time the Gators played only nine games in a season. Ten games were scheduled, but the season opener against the UCLA Bruins was canceled when most of the Gators team members were suffering from a serious bout of influenza. The Gators were led by quarterback Jimmy Dunn, and two-way halfbacks Bernie Parrish and Jim Rountree.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 52], "content_span": [53, 406]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074836-0002-0000", "contents": "1957 Florida Gators football team, Season summary, Wake Forest\nFlorida won a 27\u20130 home-opener victory over the Wake Forest Demon Deacons.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 62], "content_span": [63, 137]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074836-0003-0000", "contents": "1957 Florida Gators football team, Season summary, Kentucky\nThe second week of play was a 14\u20137 conference win over the Kentucky Wildcats.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 59], "content_span": [60, 137]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074836-0004-0000", "contents": "1957 Florida Gators football team, Season summary, LSU\nThe Gators upset Billy Cannon and his 10th-ranked LSU Tigers 22\u201314.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 54], "content_span": [55, 122]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074836-0005-0000", "contents": "1957 Florida Gators football team, Season summary, Auburn\nThe Gators were shut out 13\u20130 by coach Ralph Jordan's national champion Auburn Tigers. When the two teams met in Cliff Hare Stadium in Auburn, it was the first game between the rivals in which both teams were ranked in the top twenty of the AP Poll. Woodruff's Gators featured their usual strong defense, but the Tigers defense was even better.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 57], "content_span": [58, 402]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074836-0006-0000", "contents": "1957 Florida Gators football team, Season summary, Vanderbilt\nParrish was named AP \"Back of the Week\" for his performance in the 14\u20137 win over Vanderbilt. This included rushing for 111 yards, scoring both touchdowns, kicking both extra points, catching an interception, and making seven tackles\u2014including one to prevent the Commodores' tying score.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 61], "content_span": [62, 348]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074836-0007-0000", "contents": "1957 Florida Gators football team, Season summary, Miami\nFlorida had a road win over the in-state rival Miami Hurricanes, 14\u20130 in Miami, Florida.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 56], "content_span": [57, 145]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074836-0008-0000", "contents": "1957 Florida Gators football team, Postseason\nAt the end of the season, the Gators finished in the top twenty of the final AP Poll for only the second time in their history,'", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 45], "content_span": [46, 174]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074837-0000-0000", "contents": "1957 Florida State Seminoles baseball team\nThe 1957 Florida State Seminoles baseball team represented Florida State University in the 1957 NCAA University Division baseball season. The Seminoles played their home games at Seminole Field. The team was coached by Danny Litwhiler in his third season at Florida State.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 42], "section_span": [42, 42], "content_span": [43, 315]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074837-0001-0000", "contents": "1957 Florida State Seminoles baseball team\nThe Seminoles reached the College World Series, their first appearance in Omaha, where they finished tied for seventh after dropping an opening round game against eventual runner-up Penn State and an elimination game against fifth-place Connecticut.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 42], "section_span": [42, 42], "content_span": [43, 292]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074838-0000-0000", "contents": "1957 Florida State Seminoles football team\nThe 1957 Florida State Seminoles football team represented Florida State University in the 1957 NCAA University Division football season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 42], "section_span": [42, 42], "content_span": [43, 180]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074839-0000-0000", "contents": "1957 Football Championship of the Ukrainian SSR\nThe 1957 Football Championship of UkrSSR were part of the 1957 Soviet republican football competitions in the Soviet Ukraine.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 47], "section_span": [47, 47], "content_span": [48, 173]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074840-0000-0000", "contents": "1957 Ford\nThe mainstream Ford line of cars grew substantially larger for 1957, a model which lasted through 1959. The Crown Victoria with its flashy chrome \"basket handle\" was no more, and the acrylic glass-roofed Crown Victoria Skyliner was replaced by a new model, the retracting-roof hardtop Skyliner.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 9], "section_span": [9, 9], "content_span": [10, 304]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074840-0001-0000", "contents": "1957 Ford\nThe new chassis allowed the floor to be placed much lower, which in turn led to a lower and longer look overall. Wheels were now 14 inches in diameter rather the previous 15 inches, this also helped to givea lower profile. The major component of this chassis was a differential whose pinion gear was exceptionally low relative to the axleshafts, lower than in conventional hypoid differentials.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 9], "section_span": [9, 9], "content_span": [10, 404]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074840-0002-0000", "contents": "1957 Ford, 1957\nThe 1957 models retained a single-headlight front end like their predecessors, but were unmistakable with their long flanks and tailfins. A plethora of trim lines was introduced, starting with the base \"Custom\", \"Custom 300\", \"Fairlane\", and top-line \"Fairlane 500\". The two Custom lines used a 116\u00a0in (2946\u00a0mm) wheelbase, while the Fairlanes had 118\u00a0in (2997\u00a0mm) between the wheels. A new car/pickup truck hybrid based on the short-wheelbase chassis was also introduced, the Ranchero.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 9], "section_span": [11, 15], "content_span": [16, 501]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074840-0003-0000", "contents": "1957 Ford, 1957\nThe 223\u00a0CID (3.7\u00a0L) OHV straight-six continued, now with 144\u00a0hp (107\u00a0kW). The V8 lineup included a 272\u00a0CID (4.5\u00a0L) Y-block making 190\u00a0hp (142\u00a0kW), a 292\u00a0CID (4.8\u00a0L) Thunderbird version making 212\u00a0hp (158\u00a0kW), a 312 cubic inch V8 making 245 HP and a supercharged 312\u00a0CID (5.1\u00a0L) Thunderbird Special making 300\u00a0hp (224\u00a0kW), and designated \"Police Interceptor\" on the glove box. Two dual 4-barrel versions of the naturally aspirated (non-supercharged) 312 cubic inch V8 rated at 270 and 285 HP  were  available.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 9], "section_span": [11, 15], "content_span": [16, 524]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074840-0003-0001", "contents": "1957 Ford, 1957\nThe 270 HP version had the same cam as all the other V-8s but had vibration dampers on the valve springs. The 285 HP engine had a racing cam and was only available to NASCAR and possibly other racers. This option was dubbed \"E code\" and was available in all body types. It came standard with the deep-dish steering wheel. The radio had a transistorized audio output stage for the first time. There were lights for the generator and oil instead of gauges. The controls became recessed for more safety (the Lifeguard safety package was still available). Safety did not yet sell, however: In a survey of 1957 Ford owners in the March, 1957 issue of Popular Mechanics, only 6.2% of owners ordered seat belts.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 9], "section_span": [11, 15], "content_span": [16, 720]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074840-0004-0000", "contents": "1957 Ford, 1957\nA new frame was used for the 1957 Fords. It moved to perimeter rails out, so that they would fully envelope the passengers.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 9], "section_span": [11, 15], "content_span": [16, 139]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074840-0005-0000", "contents": "1957 Ford, 1957\nThis model was very successful, being the best selling car in America, overtaking arch rival Chevrolet for the first time since 1935.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 9], "section_span": [11, 15], "content_span": [16, 149]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074840-0006-0000", "contents": "1957 Ford, 1958\nThe line was freshened with a simulated hood scoop and dual-headlight front clip for 1958. The rectangular grille openings gave way to circles and grille was set in the bumper. A new 3-speed Cruise-O-Matic automatic was optional along with the 2-speed Ford-O-Matic and manual transmission. Engines were also updated, with the 272\u00a0CID dropped, the 292\u00a0CID making 205\u00a0hp (153\u00a0kW), and a new-generation 332\u00a0CID (5.4\u00a0L) FE V8 rated at 240 HP in 2 barrel form and 265 HP in 4 barrel \"Interceptor\" form.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 9], "section_span": [11, 15], "content_span": [16, 513]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074840-0006-0001", "contents": "1957 Ford, 1958\nThe new 352 cubic inch V8, also dubbed \"Interceptor\" and rated at 300\u00a0hp (224\u00a0kW) made its debut. A full-flow oil filter became standard across the range. Galaxie production was started in Lorain, Ohio at Ford's Lorain Assembly plant for 1958 and continued through 1959 with 102,869 Galaxies produced there. Air suspension became optional.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 9], "section_span": [11, 15], "content_span": [16, 355]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074840-0007-0000", "contents": "1957 Ford, 1958\nThe convertible version of Ford Fairlane 500, Ford Fairlane 500 Skyliner (also called Skyliner Retractable Convertible), had been sold for three years - 1957, 1958, and 1959. It was the most expensive vehicle offered by Ford. The 1958 Skyliner sold for $3,163 while the standard convertible sold for $2,650 and the sedan went for $2,055. A total of 14,713 units were produced in 1958. Ford Fairlane 500 Skyliner weighed 4,609-pounds.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 9], "section_span": [11, 15], "content_span": [16, 449]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074840-0008-0000", "contents": "1957 Ford, 1959\nThe top-line spot for 1959 was the new Galaxie, positioned above the continued Fairlane 500. The Custom line was dropped, with Custom 300 the lowest rung on the ladder, and all 1959 Fords used the long 118\u00a0in (2997\u00a0mm) wheelbase. New for safety was fully padded armrests and rear door locks that were child proof. American prices ranged from the mid-1,000 to the low 3,000s.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 9], "section_span": [11, 15], "content_span": [16, 390]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074840-0009-0000", "contents": "1957 Ford, 1959\nThis version was also assembled in Australia, beginning in late 1959. Local models were the luxurious Fairlane 500, the lower-priced Custom 300 (both sedans), as well as the Ranch Wagon. The Australian models were powered by the 332\u00a0cu\u00a0in (5.4\u00a0L) \"Thunderbird\" engine, producing 204\u00a0hp. For 1960, the range was updated with the grille and trim from the 1959 Canadian Meteor.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 9], "section_span": [11, 15], "content_span": [16, 390]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074840-0010-0000", "contents": "1957 Ford, 1959\n1959 Ford Galaxie Skyliner. 1959 Galaxies carried both Fairlane 500 and Galaxie badges", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 9], "section_span": [11, 15], "content_span": [16, 102]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074841-0000-0000", "contents": "1957 Formula One season\nThe 1957 Formula One season was the 11th season of FIA Formula One motor racing. It featured the 1957 World Championship of Drivers which commenced on 13 January 1957 and ended on 8 September after eight races. Juan Manuel Fangio won his fourth consecutive title, his fifth in total, in his final championship. A feat that would not be beaten until Michael Schumacher in 2003. The season also included numerous non-championship races for Formula One cars.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [23, 23], "content_span": [24, 479]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074841-0001-0000", "contents": "1957 Formula One season, Season summary\nFangio chose to switch teams again, joining Maserati before the start of the season. The decision to switch proved to be a masterstroke, with Ferrari's line-up of Peter Collins, Eugenio Castellotti and the returning Mike Hawthorn failing to win a race. Castellotti and Alfonso de Portago were killed during the season (neither in Formula One crashes), making this a truly disastrous year for Ferrari.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 39], "content_span": [40, 440]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074841-0002-0000", "contents": "1957 Formula One season, Season summary\nThe man Fangio replaced at Maserati, Stirling Moss, moved to Vanwall, a team beginning to fulfill their promise. Between them Fangio and Moss won every championship race of the season with the exception of the Indianapolis 500, with Fangio taking four victories to Moss' three. Fangio's drive at the N\u00fcrburgring, where he overtook Collins and Hawthorn on the penultimate lap after a pit stop had put him nearly a minute behind, is regarded as a particularly notable one.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 39], "content_span": [40, 510]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074841-0003-0000", "contents": "1957 Formula One season, Season summary\nAt the end of the year it was announced Fangio would not return for another season. Maserati also pulled out, citing financial reasons. This was also the final year in which points were awarded for shared drives.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 39], "content_span": [40, 252]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074841-0004-0000", "contents": "1957 Formula One season, Season summary, Race 1: Argentina\nThe first race of the season was in January at the Buenos Aires Autodrome in Argentina's capital city. Briton Moss took pole ahead of Fangio, ahead of Behra, and Ferrari drivers Castellotti, Collins, Musso and Hawthorn. At the start of the race, Behra took the lead from Fangio and Castellotti. Moss was taken by surprise and a juddering start damaged the throttle mechanism and he pitted at the end of the first lap. While Moss sat in the pits, Castellotti led but was then overtaken by Behra.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 58], "content_span": [59, 553]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074841-0004-0001", "contents": "1957 Formula One season, Season summary, Race 1: Argentina\nSoon afterwards, Collins worked his way to the front but within a few laps he was in trouble with his clutch and had to pit. This left Behra in the lead again but he was soon passed by Fangio. Castelotti had lost his third position after a spin, so now Hawthorn was leading the charge although both he and Musso would retire after a while with clutch problems. Castellotti remained the only challenge to the Maseratis at the front but his race ended when a wheel fell off with 24 laps to go. Menditeguy and Schell were promoted to third and fourth when Castellotti went out and so Maserati started the season by romping home with a 1-2-3-4 result, with Fangio winning his 4th Argentine Grand Prix in a row ahead of Behra.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 58], "content_span": [59, 780]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074841-0005-0000", "contents": "1957 Formula One season, Season summary, Race 1: Argentina\nArgentina '57 would be Castellotti's last Grand Prix. He was killed testing a Ferrari at the Modena Aerodrome in March. A non-championship race was held in Syracuse on the southern Italian island of Sicily; this race was won by Peter Collins for Ferrari. The Pau Grand Prix, held on the city streets of the south-western French town of Pau was won by home favourite Behra in a Maserati, while on the same day, the Glover Trophy at the Goodwood circuit in southern England was won by Briton Stuart Lewis-Evans in a Connaught-Alta. Six days after these two events, Collins won the Naples Grand Prix. Another works Ferrari driver, Spaniard Alfonso de Portago, was killed in May while contesting the Mille Miglia sportscar race in Italy for Ferrari.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 58], "content_span": [59, 804]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074841-0006-0000", "contents": "1957 Formula One season, Season summary, Race 2: Monaco\nFour months after the Argentine round and a number of non-championship races, the teams assembled in Monaco for the second championship round of the season. Moss had joined Vanwall from Maserati, driving a car designed by Colin Chapman and financed by Tony Vandervell, a wealthy British industrialist, leaving Fangio as the undisputed team leader at Maserati. Fangio took pole position, however Moss took the lead at the first corner with Fangio behind him but on the second lap Collins got ahead of the Argentine driver.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 55], "content_span": [56, 577]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074841-0006-0001", "contents": "1957 Formula One season, Season summary, Race 2: Monaco\nMoss went off and crashed at the chicane on lap 4, and Collins swerved to avoid the crash and ended up hitting a stone wall. Fangio managed to get through without a problem and Brooks braked hard only to be rammed from behind by Hawthorn. Only Brooks was able to keep going, but he was five seconds behind Fangio by the time he was up to speed again. Von Trips was third with Menditeguy fourth and Schell fifth. Menditeguy would have to stop early for new tyres after hitting a curb so Schell moved to fourth until his suspension broke.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 55], "content_span": [56, 592]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074841-0006-0002", "contents": "1957 Formula One season, Season summary, Race 2: Monaco\nBrabham was next in the little Cooper with Trintignant chasing him but the Frenchman soon dropped away with a stop to cure a misfire. After a number or retirements, Australian Jack Brabham was up to third as a result of this but a fuel pump failure left him to push the car to the line. He was classified sixth, and Fangio won again ahead of Brooks, Masten Gregory in a Maserati, Lewis-Evans and Trintignant.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 55], "content_span": [56, 464]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074841-0007-0000", "contents": "1957 Formula One season, Season summary, Race 4: France\nThe Indianapolis 500 was the 3rd round of the championship but since that race was not run to Formula One rules, no competitors who raced in Formula One raced at the Indy 500, and vice versa. The Belgian and Dutch Grands Prix, which had been scheduled for 2 and 16 June, were both canceled because of disputes over money affected by the Suez crisis in Egypt. This resulted in a six-week break between Monaco and the French GP, which was to be held at the Rouen-Les-Essarts public road circuit in northern France, extended from its previous layout used in 1952.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 55], "content_span": [56, 616]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074841-0008-0000", "contents": "1957 Formula One season, Season summary, Race 4: France\nIn practice, Fangio was fastest with Behra and Musso alongside on the front row. Behind them were Schell and Collins with the third row consisting of Salvadori, Hawthorn and Trintignant. At the start, Behra went into the lead but Musso soon got ahead. Fangio followed in third with Collins and Schell giving chase. Then came a fast-starting McKay-Fraser. Fangio worked his way past Behra on the second lap and took Musso for the lead on lap four. BRM suffered a setback when Flockhart seriously damaged his car in a high-speed accident, although he himself was not hurt.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 55], "content_span": [56, 626]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074841-0008-0001", "contents": "1957 Formula One season, Season summary, Race 4: France\nCollins worked his way past Behra and the order remained unchanged at the front all the way to the flag with Fangio winning from Musso and Collins. Behra slipped behind Hawthorn, allowing the Englishman to give the Lancia-Ferraris a 2-3-4 finish behind Fangio. McKay-Fraser's promising run ended with a transmission failure at one-third distance but the American would not be seen again in Formula 1. He was to die a few days later in the annual Formula 2 race at the Reims public road circuit before the Reims Grand Prix, which was won by Musso in a Lancia-Ferrari.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 55], "content_span": [56, 622]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074841-0009-0000", "contents": "1957 Formula One season, Season summary, Race 5: Britain\nThe British Grand Prix was held at the Aintree circuit in Liverpool as opposed to being held at the Silverstone circuit between London and Birmingham the previous year. The Aintree circuit was located in the middle of the horse-racing course where the famous Grand National was held. Both Vanwall drivers missed the French Grand Prix, and were back in action for their home race. This was to be a landmark race for British motorsports.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 56], "content_span": [57, 492]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074841-0009-0001", "contents": "1957 Formula One season, Season summary, Race 5: Britain\nAt the start of the race, Behra took off into the lead with Moss in hot pursuit and it was the Englishman who emerged ahead at the end of the lap, to the delight of the partisan crowd. Brooks was third with Hawthorn fourth and Collins fifth. There were four British drivers in the top five positions. Then came Schell, Musso and Fangio. Moss was able to build up his lead but then the car began to sound rough and he pitted.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 56], "content_span": [57, 481]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074841-0009-0002", "contents": "1957 Formula One season, Season summary, Race 5: Britain\nBehra took the lead with Brooks behind him but the second Vanwall driver was soon called into the pits to give his car to Moss who re-joined in ninth position. He began to work his way through the field. Behra remained ahead with Hawthorn unable to challenge him. Then came Lewis-Evans and Collins. Moss was quickly back up to fifth. The field was thinned out by a series of mechanical failures including Fangio and Collins. Moss caught Lewis-Evans but then on lap 69 the whole race changed when Behra's clutch exploded.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 56], "content_span": [57, 577]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074841-0009-0003", "contents": "1957 Formula One season, Season summary, Race 5: Britain\nHawthorn ran over some of the wreckage and suffered a puncture. Lewis-Evans took the lead but was passed almost immediately by Moss. The dream of a Vanwall 1\u20132 was punctured when Lewis-Evans suffered a broken throttle linkage which dropped him to seventh place. Moss duly won the race, claiming the first World Championship victory for a British car. Musso was second with Hawthorn third.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 56], "content_span": [57, 445]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074841-0010-0000", "contents": "1957 Formula One season, Season summary, Race 5: Britain\nThe Caen Grand Prix, another important non-championship Formula One race held in the town of Caen in northern France (further west of Rouen), held between the British and German Grands Prix was won by Behra in a BRM.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 56], "content_span": [57, 273]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074841-0011-0000", "contents": "1957 Formula One season, Season summary, Race 6: Germany\nAt the N\u00fcrburgring in Germany, the field was as normal with Lancia-Ferrari fielding Mike Hawthorn, Peter Collins and Luigi Musso and Maserati running Juan Manuel Fangio, Jean Behra and Harry Schell in their leading cars. The field was bolstered for the first time by Formula 2 machinery which included a trio of Porsches and various Cooper-Climaxes; the length of the circuit allowed for these cars to run alongside each other.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 56], "content_span": [57, 484]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074841-0012-0000", "contents": "1957 Formula One season, Season summary, Race 6: Germany\nPole position went to Fangio with Hawthorn, Behra and Collins completing the front row. Then came Brooks, Schell and Moss. At the start Hawthorn and Collins went into a battle for the lead with Fangio and Behra giving chase. On the third lap Fangio passed Collins and was soon able to take the lead. Collins then passed Hawthorn and chased after Fangio but the Argentine driver was edging gradually away.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 56], "content_span": [57, 461]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074841-0012-0001", "contents": "1957 Formula One season, Season summary, Race 6: Germany\nA slow mid-race pit stop lasting 1 minute and 18 seconds (originally supposed to be 30 seconds) dropped Fangio one whole minute behind the two Lancia-Ferraris but he chased back hard, broke the lap record 10 times and passed both first Collins and then Hawthorn on the penultimate lap. Fangio thus won the race and his fifth World title.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 56], "content_span": [57, 394]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074841-0013-0000", "contents": "1957 Formula One season, Season summary, Race 7: Pescara\nThe cancellation of the Belgian and Dutch Grands Prix earlier in the season enabled the FIA to include the Coppa Acerbo Pescara GP in the World Championship for the first time, although it had been contested since 1924. It was held during the 1930s Grand Prix days of Mercedes, Auto Union and Alfa Romeo and continued as a non-championship race throughout the 1950s. The 25.6\u00a0km public road circuit, the longest ever used for a Formula One race (even longer than the N\u00fcrburgring), was very dangerous.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 56], "content_span": [57, 557]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074841-0013-0001", "contents": "1957 Formula One season, Season summary, Race 7: Pescara\nPractice was limited and Enzo Ferrari did not bother to send cars for Mike Hawthorn and Peter Collins, partly because the World Championship had already been won by Juan Manuel Fangio and partly in protest against Italian government moves to ban road racing, following Alfonso de Portago's accident earlier in the year in the Mille Miglia. Luigi Musso managed to convince Ferrari to lend him a car and entered the race as a privateer.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 56], "content_span": [57, 491]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074841-0014-0000", "contents": "1957 Formula One season, Season summary, Race 7: Pescara\nMaserati's Fangio set the fastest time in qualifying with Stirling Moss second in his Vanwall. Musso was third. The second row of the 3-2-3 grid featured the Maseratis of Jean Behra and Harry Schell while row three had Vanwall's Tony Brooks and Stuart Lewis-Evans split by the Scuderia Centro Sud Maserati of Masten Gregory.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 56], "content_span": [57, 381]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074841-0015-0000", "contents": "1957 Formula One season, Season summary, Race 7: Pescara\nThe weather was hot and at the start, Musso took the lead. Maserati privateer Horace Gould hit a mechanic who was slow to get off the grid. Vanwall's challenge was blunted on the first lap when Brooks retired with mechanical troubles. Moss took the lead from Musso on lap two but the two cars remained together. Fangio ran third but the field thinned out quickly as the hot temperatures took their toll with Lewis-Evans losing nearly a lap because of two tyre failures and Behra suffering an engine failure.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 56], "content_span": [57, 564]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074841-0015-0001", "contents": "1957 Formula One season, Season summary, Race 7: Pescara\nOn lap 10, Musso disappeared when his engine blew, the oil causing Fangio to have a spin which damaged one of his wheels. By the time Fangio re-joined, Moss was un-catchable. Moss's lead was even able to stop for a drink and to have his oil topped up, and he won the race ahead of Fangio. Schell finished third with Gregory fourth and Lewis-Evans grabbing fifth at the end of the race from the fourth Maserati factory driver Giorgio Scarlatti. The Coppa Acerbo was never again to be used for a Formula One championship race; the race was last held in 1961 as a sportscar race.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 56], "content_span": [57, 633]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074841-0016-0000", "contents": "1957 Formula One season, Season summary, Race 8: Italy\nThe Italian Grand Prix at Monza was held only on the road circuit without the poorly constructed concrete banking this year, as it had caused problems for the Italian constructors the year before. The track used was very like the Monza of today, although without the chicanes. Ferrari was back in action for this most important of Italian races after boycotting Pescara and so it was a three-way fight between the Lancia-Ferraris, the Maseratis and the Vanwalls. The British cars were strong with pole position going to Stuart Lewis-Evans with Stirling Moss and Tony Brooks alongside him.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 54], "content_span": [55, 643]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074841-0016-0001", "contents": "1957 Formula One season, Season summary, Race 8: Italy\nJuan Manuel Fangio put his Maserati on the outside of the 4-3-4 grid while his teammates Jean Behra and Harry Schell shared row two with Peter Collins's Lancia-Ferrari. There were three more of the cars on row three with Wolfgang von Trips, Luigi Musso and Mike Hawthorn alongside the Scuderia Centro Sud Maserati of Masten Gregory.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 54], "content_span": [55, 387]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074841-0017-0000", "contents": "1957 Formula One season, Season summary, Race 8: Italy\nAlthough, the Vanwalls went away from the grid at the front Behra moved up to second on the first lap. Fangio attached himself to the train of cars ahead of him and the five began to pull away from the rest of the field while indulging in a traditional Monza slipstreaming battle which saw the lead constantly changing between Moss and Behra. On lap seven, Fangio took the lead but he was soon toppled in favour of Moss, Brooks and then Lewis-Evans. On lap 20, Brooks dropped out of the fight with a sticking throttle.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 54], "content_span": [55, 573]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074841-0017-0001", "contents": "1957 Formula One season, Season summary, Race 8: Italy\nThen Lewis-Evans ran into trouble and pitted. This left Moss in the lead with Fangio and Behra behind him, although Behra would pit soon afterwards for new tyres. This moved Schell into third place but he disappeared with an oil leak which meant that third was passed on to Collins. At two-thirds distance, Collins ran into engine trouble and pitted. This promoted Hawthorn to third but a split fuel pipe dropped him to sixth in the closing laps, leaving third place to Von Trips.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 54], "content_span": [55, 535]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074841-0018-0000", "contents": "1957 Formula One season, Season summary, Season conclusion\nThree more non-championship races were held, all of which were won by Jean Behra. The BRDC International Trophy at Silverstone in England, Jean Behra won driving a BRM; the Modena Grand Prix at the Modena Aerodrome (where Eugenio Castellotti had been killed previously) and the Moroccan Grand Prix at the Ain-Diab public road circuit in Casablanca, both won in a Maserati.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 58], "content_span": [59, 431]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074841-0019-0000", "contents": "1957 Formula One season, Season summary, Season conclusion\nAll seven of the FIA-mandated championship races had been won by two drivers in 1957: Argentine Juan Manuel Fangio and Briton Stirling Moss. Although Moss took over an ill Tony Brooks's car during the British Grand Prix, he won with it on the road at that event.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 58], "content_span": [59, 321]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074841-0020-0000", "contents": "1957 Formula One season, Season review\nThe 1957 World Championship of Drivers comprised the following eight races.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 38], "content_span": [39, 114]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074841-0021-0000", "contents": "1957 Formula One season, Season review\nAll Grand Prix races were run for Formula One cars, while the Indianapolis 500 was run for USAC National Championship cars and also counted towards the 1957 USAC Championship. The ongoing Suez crisis, which affected oil tankers delivering oil to their respective countries, affected a number of countries such as the Netherlands, Belgium, and Spain. These countries were to each have Grands Prix but they were all cancelled because of the very high oil prices in those countries.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 38], "content_span": [39, 518]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074841-0022-0000", "contents": "1957 Formula One season, Teams and drivers\nThe following teams and drivers competed in the 1957 World Championship of Drivers. The list does not include those who only contested the Indianapolis 500.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 42], "content_span": [43, 199]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074841-0023-0000", "contents": "1957 Formula One season, World Championship of Drivers standings\nChampionship points were awarded on an 8\u20136\u20134\u20133\u20132 basis for the first five placings in each race. An additional point was awarded for the fastest race lap.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 64], "content_span": [65, 219]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074841-0024-0000", "contents": "1957 Formula One season, Non-championship races\nThe following Formula One races, also held in 1957, did not count towards the World Championship of Drivers.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 47], "content_span": [48, 156]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074842-0000-0000", "contents": "1957 French Championships (tennis)\nThe 1957 French Championships (now known as the French Open) was a tennis tournament that took place on the outdoor clay courts at the Stade Roland-Garros in Paris, France. The tournament ran from 21 May until 1 June. It was the 61st staging of the French Championships, and the second Grand Slam tennis event of 1957. Sven Davidson and Shirley Bloomer won the singles titles.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [34, 34], "content_span": [35, 411]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074842-0001-0000", "contents": "1957 French Championships (tennis), Finals, Men's Doubles\nMalcolm Anderson /  Ashley Cooper defeated  Don Candy /  Mervyn Rose  6\u20133, 6\u20130, 6\u20133", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [36, 57], "content_span": [58, 141]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074842-0002-0000", "contents": "1957 French Championships (tennis), Finals, Women's Doubles\nShirley Bloomer /  Darlene Hard defeated  Yola Ram\u00edrez /  Rosie Reyes 7\u20135, 4\u20136, 7\u20135", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [36, 59], "content_span": [60, 143]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074842-0003-0000", "contents": "1957 French Championships (tennis), Finals, Mixed Doubles\nV\u011bra Pu\u017eejov\u00e1 /  Ji\u0159\u00ed Javorsk\u00fd defeated  Edda Buding /  Luis Ayala  6\u20133, 6\u20134", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [36, 57], "content_span": [58, 134]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074843-0000-0000", "contents": "1957 French Championships \u2013 Men's Singles\nThird-seeded Sven Davidson defeated Herbert Flam 6\u20133, 6\u20134, 6\u20134 in the final to win the Men's Singles tennis title at the 1957 French Championships.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 41], "section_span": [41, 41], "content_span": [42, 189]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074843-0001-0000", "contents": "1957 French Championships \u2013 Men's Singles, Seeds\nThe seeded players are listed below. Sven Davidson is the champion; others show the round in which they were eliminated.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 41], "section_span": [43, 48], "content_span": [49, 169]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074844-0000-0000", "contents": "1957 French Championships \u2013 Women's Singles\nFirst-seeded Shirley Bloomer defeated Dorothy Knode 6\u20131, 6\u20133 in the final to win the Women's Singles tennis title at the 1957 French Championships.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 43], "section_span": [43, 43], "content_span": [44, 191]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074844-0001-0000", "contents": "1957 French Championships \u2013 Women's Singles, Seeds\nThe seeded players are listed below. Shirley Bloomer is the champion; others show the round in which they were eliminated.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 43], "section_span": [45, 50], "content_span": [51, 173]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074845-0000-0000", "contents": "1957 French Grand Prix\nThe 1957 French Grand Prix was a Formula One motor race held on 7 July 1957 at Rouen-Les-Essarts. It was race 4 of 8 in the 1957 World Championship of Drivers.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [22, 22], "content_span": [23, 182]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074846-0000-0000", "contents": "1957 French Polynesian legislative election\nLegislative elections were held in French Polynesia on 3 November 1957 for the Territorial Assembly. The result was a victory for the ruling Democratic Rally of the Tahitian People (RDPT) led by Pouvanaa a Oopa, which won 17 of the 30 seats.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 43], "section_span": [43, 43], "content_span": [44, 285]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074846-0001-0000", "contents": "1957 French Polynesian legislative election, Aftermath\nFollowing the elections, Jean-Baptiste C\u00e9ran-J\u00e9rusal\u00e9my was elected President of the Assembly on 10 December. A new government was formed later in the month, including Walter Grand who had lost heavily in the Windward Islands constituency running on the France Tahiti list.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 43], "section_span": [45, 54], "content_span": [55, 328]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074846-0002-0000", "contents": "1957 French Polynesian legislative election, Aftermath\nHowever, following protests about an income tax law, the government was sacked by Governor Camille Victor Bailly in April 1958. Bailly subsequently appointed a new government led by Alfred Poroi.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 43], "section_span": [45, 54], "content_span": [55, 250]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074846-0003-0000", "contents": "1957 French Polynesian legislative election, Aftermath\nFollowing the death of Tautu Oopa in 1961, his wife C\u00e9line won a by-election on 8 October 1961, becoming the first woman to sit in the Assembly.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 43], "section_span": [45, 54], "content_span": [55, 199]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074847-0000-0000", "contents": "1957 French Somaliland Territorial Assembly election\nTerritorial Council elections were held in French Somaliland on 23 June 1957. The Republican Union won all 30 seats.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 52], "section_span": [52, 52], "content_span": [53, 169]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074847-0001-0000", "contents": "1957 French Somaliland Territorial Assembly election, Background\nThe elections were the first held under the loi cadre system, which granted equal voting rights to all residents and scrapped the dual college system. The new electoral system led to the creation of the territory's first real political parties; Harbi Farah Mahamoud formed the Republican Union, whilst Hassan Gouled Aptidon established the Defence of Economic and Social Interests of the Territory (DIEST) party.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 52], "section_span": [54, 64], "content_span": [65, 477]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074847-0002-0000", "contents": "1957 French Somaliland Territorial Assembly election, Background\nMahamoud (a member of the National Assembly), Aptidon (a member of the Council of the Republic) and Mohamed Kamil (a member of the French Union Assembly) all sought to implement the new system in a way that favoured their own parties; Harbi produced a draft decree in late 1956 that would increase the number of constituencies from three to four, and give 20 of the 32 seats in an enlarged Council to the city of Djibouti.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 52], "section_span": [54, 64], "content_span": [65, 487]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074847-0003-0000", "contents": "1957 French Somaliland Territorial Assembly election, Background\nKamil, supported by Aptidon, proposed a 30 member Council, with Djibouti having 13 seats and Obock\u2013Tadjoura and Ali Sabieh\u2013Dikhil six each. However, other members of the Union Assembly reduced the number of members to 25.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 52], "section_span": [54, 64], "content_span": [65, 286]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074847-0004-0000", "contents": "1957 French Somaliland Territorial Assembly election, Electoral system\nUltimately the French Government approved a 30-member Council in which Djibouti had 18 seats and Obock\u2013Tadjoura and Ali Sabieh\u2013Dikhil had six seats each. The right to vote was restricted to native men and French citizens who had lived in the territory for at least a year.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 52], "section_span": [54, 70], "content_span": [71, 343]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074847-0005-0000", "contents": "1957 French Somaliland Territorial Assembly election, Aftermath\nFollowing the elections, Harbi Farah Mahamoud became Vice President of the Government Council (the post of President was held by the Governor). His cabinet included:", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 52], "section_span": [54, 63], "content_span": [64, 229]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074848-0000-0000", "contents": "1957 French Sudan Territorial Assembly election\nTerritorial Assembly elections were held in French Sudan on 31 March 1957, the first elections in the territory to be held under universal suffrage. The result was a victory for the Sudanese Union \u2013 African Democratic Rally. which won 57 of the 70 seats. Voter turnout was just 34.0%.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 47], "section_span": [47, 47], "content_span": [48, 332]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074848-0001-0000", "contents": "1957 French Sudan Territorial Assembly election, Results, Elected MPs\nOf the 70 elected members, 30 were members of the intelligentsia, 30 were employees, five were merchants, two were traditional chiefs, two were farmers and one was a worker.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 47], "section_span": [49, 69], "content_span": [70, 243]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074848-0002-0000", "contents": "1957 French Sudan Territorial Assembly election, Aftermath\nFollowing the elections, the Union of the Populations of Bandiagara merged into the Sudanese Union \u2013 African Democratic Rally, giving it a total of 64 seats.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 47], "section_span": [49, 58], "content_span": [59, 216]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074849-0000-0000", "contents": "1957 Fresno State Bulldogs football team\nThe 1957 Fresno State Bulldogs football team represented Fresno State College during the 1957 NCAA College Division football season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [40, 40], "content_span": [41, 173]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074849-0001-0000", "contents": "1957 Fresno State Bulldogs football team\nThe team was led by sixth-year head coach Clark Van Galder and played home games at Ratcliffe Stadium on the campus of Fresno City College in Fresno, California. They finished the season with a record of five wins and five losses (5\u20135, 1\u20131 CCAA).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [40, 40], "content_span": [41, 287]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074850-0000-0000", "contents": "1957 GP Ouest\u2013France\nThe 1957 GP Ouest-France was the 21st edition of the GP Ouest-France cycle race and was held on 28 August 1957. The race started and finished in Plouay. The race was won by Isaac Vitr\u00e9.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [20, 20], "content_span": [21, 206]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074851-0000-0000", "contents": "1957 Gabonese Territorial Assembly election\nTerritorial Assembly elections were held in Gabon on 31 March 1957. Although the Gabonese Democratic and Social Union (UDSG) won 14 of the 40 contested seats, the Gabonese Democratic Bloc was able to form a 21-seat coalition with the Entente\u2013Defence of Gabonese Interests (a list headed by BDG member Paul Yembit) and five other MPs.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 43], "section_span": [43, 43], "content_span": [44, 377]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074852-0000-0000", "contents": "1957 Gambar train crash\nOn September 29, 1957, a Karachi-bound express passenger train collided at full speed with a stationary oil-tanker train before midnight, at Gambar Railway Station. 300 people were killed and 150 wounded by the accident.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [23, 23], "content_span": [24, 244]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074853-0000-0000", "contents": "1957 Gator Bowl\nThe 1957 Gator Bowl was an American college football bowl game played on December 28, 1957, at Gator Bowl Stadium in Jacksonville, Florida. It was the 13th annual playing of the Gator Bowl. The game pitted the Tennessee Volunteers and the Texas A&M Aggies.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 15], "section_span": [15, 15], "content_span": [16, 272]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074853-0001-0000", "contents": "1957 Gator Bowl, Background\nThe Volunteers lost their first game of the season to Auburn, but they responded with six straight victories to rise to #7 in the rankings before a matchup with #8 Ole Miss. A 14\u20137 loss to the Rebels and a 20\u20136 loss to Kentucky dropped them to #18, but they finished strong with a 20\u20136 win over Vanderbilt to rise to #13. This was their second straight bowl appearance and first Gator Bowl appearance. They finished behind Auburn (on probation), Ole Miss, Mississippi State, and Florida.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 15], "section_span": [17, 27], "content_span": [28, 515]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074853-0002-0000", "contents": "1957 Gator Bowl, Background\nAs for the Aggies, they went from 9\u20130\u20131 the previous year to 8\u20132, though they did win eight straight games, including being ranked #1 for three weeks. However, they lost to #20 Rice 7\u20136 to fall to #4. A 9\u20137 loss to Texas dropped them to #8 to end the regular season, as they finished third in the Southwest Conference.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 15], "section_span": [17, 27], "content_span": [28, 346]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074853-0003-0000", "contents": "1957 Gator Bowl, Game summary\nSammy Burklow kicked a 17-yard field goal to provide the winning points for the Volunteers. On first downs, Tennessee had 14 to Texas A&M's 8. The Aggies had more rushing yards (142 to the vols' 135), but the Vols had more passing yards (56 to Texas A&M's 27). The Aggies turned the ball over twice while the Volunteers turned it over once. Bobby Gordon and John David Crow were named MVPs. Gordon threw 4-of-6 for 56 yards, while rushing for 60 yards on 32 carries. Crow rushed for 46 yards on 14 carries.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 15], "section_span": [17, 29], "content_span": [30, 536]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074853-0004-0000", "contents": "1957 Gator Bowl, Aftermath\nThis was Bear Bryant's last game with the Aggies, as he left to coach Alabama. A&M would not return to another bowl game until 1968. The Volunteers would not win more than six games in the rest of Wyatt's tenure, nor return to a bowl game until 1965. Texas A&M will return to the Gator Bowl in 2018 for the first time since 1957; Tennessee has returned five times, the last being in 2015.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 15], "section_span": [17, 26], "content_span": [27, 415]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074854-0000-0000", "contents": "1957 Gent\u2013Wevelgem\nThe 1957 Gent\u2013Wevelgem was the 19th edition of the Gent\u2013Wevelgem cycle race and was held on 23 March 1957. The race started in Ghent and finished in Wevelgem. The race was won by Rik Van Looy.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 18], "section_span": [18, 18], "content_span": [19, 211]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074855-0000-0000", "contents": "1957 George Washington Colonials football team\nThe 1957 George Washington Colonials football team was an American football team that represented George Washington University as part of the Southern Conference during the 1957 NCAA University Division football season. In their sixth season under head coach Bo Sherman, the team compiled a 2\u20137 record (1\u20135 in the SoCon).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 46], "section_span": [46, 46], "content_span": [47, 368]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074856-0000-0000", "contents": "1957 Georgia Bulldogs football team\nThe 1957 Georgia Bulldogs football team represented the Georgia Bulldogs of the University of Georgia during the 1957 NCAA University Division football season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [35, 35], "content_span": [36, 195]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074857-0000-0000", "contents": "1957 Georgia Memorial to Congress\nThe 1957 Georgia Memorial to Congress was a joint resolution by the legislature of the state of Georgia, and approved by Georgia Governor Marvin Griffin on March 8, 1957,  urging the Congress of the United States to declare the 14th and 15th Amendments null and void because of purported violations of the Constitution during the post-Civil War ratification process.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [33, 33], "content_span": [34, 400]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074857-0001-0000", "contents": "1957 Georgia Memorial to Congress, Historical context\nThe Memorial, part of Georgia's \"continuing battle for segregation,\" followed the Supreme Court's ruling, in Brown v. Board of Education, that the Fourteenth Amendment prohibits states from discriminating against racial minorities in public schools.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 53], "content_span": [54, 303]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074857-0002-0000", "contents": "1957 Georgia Memorial to Congress, Historical context, Numeration of contentions\nThe Georgia resolution is a petition in the form of a memorial. The Resolution makes certain contentions, including the following:", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 80], "content_span": [81, 211]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074857-0003-0000", "contents": "1957 Georgia Memorial to Congress, Historical context, Reaction\nThe events described in the memorial were the subject of an editorial in a 1957 U.S. News & World Report.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 63], "content_span": [64, 169]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074858-0000-0000", "contents": "1957 Georgia Tech Yellow Jackets football team\nThe 1957 Georgia Tech Yellow Jackets football team represented the Georgia Institute of Technology during the 1957 NCAA University Division football season. The Yellow Jackets were led by 13th-year head coach Bobby Dodd and played their home games at Grant Field in Atlanta.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 46], "section_span": [46, 46], "content_span": [47, 321]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074858-0001-0000", "contents": "1957 Georgia Tech Yellow Jackets football team\nThe team's statistical leaders included Fred Braselton with 486 passing yards and Lester Simerville with 275 rushing yards.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 46], "section_span": [46, 46], "content_span": [47, 170]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074859-0000-0000", "contents": "1957 German Grand Prix\nThe 1957 German Grand Prix was a Formula One motor race held on 4 August 1957 at N\u00fcrburgring. It was race 6 of 8 in the 1957 World Championship of Drivers. The 22 lap race was won by Juan Manuel Fangio, and is often cited as one of the greatest victories in racing history. It was Fangio's fourth victory out of the seven races in the season contested by Formula 1 cars - excluding the Indianapolis 500, in which only US drivers competed, using USAC Championship cars.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [22, 22], "content_span": [23, 491]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074859-0000-0001", "contents": "1957 German Grand Prix\nFurthermore, due to the number of points he had accumulated in the season (34 to Luigi Musso's 16), his victory at the N\u00fcrburgring mathematically clinched Fangio's fifth World Championship title with two races to go. The race was also notable for being Fangio's 24th and last victory in F1; his career still stands as having the highest win percentage ever, with 46.15% of his 52 race entries being wins.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [22, 22], "content_span": [23, 427]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074859-0001-0000", "contents": "1957 German Grand Prix, Report\nFangio had taken notice of the tyre and fuel-level selection of the Ferrari drivers, and realized they were probably going to run the entire race without a pit stop. Fangio decided he would use softer tyres, and only a half tank of fuel. This would allow the car to take corners faster, but also require a pit stop. Fangio took his pit stop on lap 13, in first place, and 30 seconds ahead of Hawthorn and Collins.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [24, 30], "content_span": [31, 444]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074859-0002-0000", "contents": "1957 German Grand Prix, Report\nThe pit stop was a disaster; the mechanic removing the rear left wheel let the wheel nut roll under the car without noticing, and finding it took nearly half a minute. Fangio left the pit lane in third place, and 48 seconds behind Collins who was in second place. But in his Maserati 250F he began to mount a charge.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [24, 30], "content_span": [31, 347]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074859-0002-0001", "contents": "1957 German Grand Prix, Report\nOver the next 10 laps, Fangio broke and rebroke the lap record 9 times (7 of the records were in successive laps) and he took 15.5 seconds off Hawthorn's lead in the first lap, then another 8.5 seconds in the next lap. Early in the 21st lap, Fangio went on the inside of the left corner at the ESSO Terrasse taking second place from Collins. Late in the 21st lap, during a left corner, Fangio cut past Hawthorn on the inside of the corner, with only his right tyres on the track and his left tyres on the grass.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [24, 30], "content_span": [31, 542]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074859-0002-0002", "contents": "1957 German Grand Prix, Report\nThis probably took place at the left-right combination before the Breidscheid bridge, as Fangio said it was at a 90\u00b0 left followed by an also tight right just before Breidscheid and Hawthorn recollected being overtaken at a right turning bend. Fangio probably overtook Hawthorn in the left turn and then closed the door going to the right turn, thus boxing Hawthorn in. Fangio maintained his lead, but not easily, as Hawthorn fought back, nearly overtaking Fangio at a few corners, but to no avail, and Fangio won the race with about 3 seconds of a lead.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [24, 30], "content_span": [31, 585]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074859-0003-0000", "contents": "1957 German Grand Prix, Report\nAfter the race, Fangio commented, \"I have never driven that quickly before in my life and I don't think I will ever be able to do it again\". Later on, Fangio was also quoted as saying:\"N\u00fcrburgring was my favourite track. I fell totally in love with it and I believe that on that day in 1957 I finally managed to master it. It was as if I had screwed all the secrets out of it and got to know it once and for all... For two days I couldn't sleep, still making those leaps in the dark on those curves where I had never before had the courage to push things so far.\"", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [24, 30], "content_span": [31, 594]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074859-0004-0000", "contents": "1957 German Grand Prix, Report\nTo increase participation, the organizers opened the field to Formula 2 cars. The two races were run at the same time but the Formula 2 entries (shown in yellow) were not eligible for World Championship points and some sources do not consider these starts in career stats.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [24, 30], "content_span": [31, 303]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074860-0000-0000", "contents": "1957 German football championship\nThe 1957 German football championship was the culmination of the football season in the Federal Republic of Germany in 1956\u201357. Borussia Dortmund were crowned champions for the second time after a group stage and a final. Borussia became the first club since Dresdner SC in 1944 to defend their title won the previous year.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [33, 33], "content_span": [34, 357]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074860-0001-0000", "contents": "1957 German football championship\nIt was Borussia's third appearance in the German final, having lost 3\u20132 to VfR Mannheim in 1949 and won the championship in 1956, beating Karlsruher SC 4\u20132. On the strength of this title, the club participated in the 1957\u201358 European Cup, where it went out to AC Milan in the quarter finals.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [33, 33], "content_span": [34, 325]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074860-0002-0000", "contents": "1957 German football championship\nFor the losing finalist, Hamburger SV, it was its first appearance in the final since winning the title in 1928.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [33, 33], "content_span": [34, 146]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074860-0003-0000", "contents": "1957 German football championship\nThe format used to determine the German champion was different from the 1956 season. Only two clubs took part in the qualifying round, instead of four. The group stage, eight teams split into two groups of four, was conducted as a single round with games on neutral grounds; previously it had been home-and-away games. As in the past seasons, the two group winners then played the national final.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [33, 33], "content_span": [34, 430]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074861-0000-0000", "contents": "1957 Giro d'Italia\nThe 1957 Giro d'Italia was the 40th\u00a0running of the Giro d'Italia, one of cycling's Grand Tour races. The Giro started in Milan, on 18 May, with a 191\u00a0km (118.7\u00a0mi) stage and concluded in Milan, on 9 June, with a 257\u00a0km (159.7\u00a0mi) leg. A total of 120 riders from 15 teams entered the 21-stage race, which was won by Italian Gastone Nencini of the Leo-Chlorodont team. The second and third places were taken by Frenchman Louison Bobet and Italian Ercole Baldini, respectively.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 18], "section_span": [18, 18], "content_span": [19, 493]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074861-0001-0000", "contents": "1957 Giro d'Italia, Teams\nFifteen teams were invited by the race organizers to participate in the 1957 edition of the Giro d'Italia. Each team sent a squad of ten riders, which meant that the race started with a peloton of 150 cyclists. From the riders that began the race, 86 made it to the finish in Milan.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 18], "section_span": [20, 25], "content_span": [26, 308]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074861-0002-0000", "contents": "1957 Giro d'Italia, Pre-race favorites\nReigning champion Charly Gaul was seen as a favorite to repeat as winner.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 18], "section_span": [20, 38], "content_span": [39, 112]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074861-0003-0000", "contents": "1957 Giro d'Italia, Classification leadership\nOne jersey was worn during the 1957 Giro d'Italia. The leader of the general classification \u2013 calculated by adding the stage finish times of each rider \u2013 wore a pink jersey. This classification is the most important of the race, and its winner is considered as the winner of the Giro.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 18], "section_span": [20, 45], "content_span": [46, 330]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074861-0004-0000", "contents": "1957 Giro d'Italia, Classification leadership\nThe mountains classification leader. The climbs were ranked in first and second categories. In this ranking, points were won by reaching the summit of a climb ahead of other cyclists. There were two categories of mountains. The first category awarded 10, 7, 5, 3, and 1 points, while the second distributed 5, 3, and 1 points. Although no jersey was awarded, there was also one classification for the teams, in which the teams were awarded points for their rider's performance during the stages.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 18], "section_span": [20, 45], "content_span": [46, 541]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074862-0000-0000", "contents": "1957 Giro di Lombardia\nThis is the current revision of this page, as edited by Severo (talk | contribs) at 23:20, 24 March 2020 (1957 Challenge Desgrange-Colombo). The present address (URL) is a permanent link to this version.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [22, 22], "content_span": [23, 226]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074862-0001-0000", "contents": "1957 Giro di Lombardia\nThe Giro di Lombardia 1957, the 51st edition of the race, was held on October 20, 1957.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [22, 22], "content_span": [23, 110]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074863-0000-0000", "contents": "1957 Gloucester by-election\nThe Gloucester by-election was held on 12 September 1957. It was held due to the death of the incumbent Labour MP, Moss Turner-Samuels. The by-election was won by the Labour candidate Jack Diamond.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [27, 27], "content_span": [28, 225]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074864-0000-0000", "contents": "1957 Glover Trophy\nThe 1957 Glover Trophy was a motor race, run to Formula One rules, held on 22 April 1957 at Goodwood Circuit, England. The race was run over 42 laps of the circuit, and was won by British driver Stuart Lewis-Evans in a Connaught B Type.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 18], "section_span": [18, 18], "content_span": [19, 255]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074864-0001-0000", "contents": "1957 Glover Trophy\nThe Team Lotus and Cooper Car Company works entries were Formula Two cars.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 18], "section_span": [18, 18], "content_span": [19, 93]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074865-0000-0000", "contents": "1957 Governor General's Awards\nThe 1957 Governor General's Awards for Literary Merit were the twenty-first such awards in Canada. The awards in this period an honour for the authors but had no monetary prize.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [30, 30], "content_span": [31, 208]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074866-0000-0000", "contents": "1957 Grand National\nThe 1957 Grand National was the 111th renewal of the world-famous Grand National horse race that took place at Aintree Racecourse near Liverpool, England, on 29 March 1957.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [19, 19], "content_span": [20, 192]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074866-0001-0000", "contents": "1957 Grand National\nIt was won by 20/1 shot Sundew, having led the field for much of the race. Sundew was ridden by jockey Fred Winter and trained by Frank Hudson. It was Winter's third attempt at winning the Grand National, and Sundew had run in the steeplechase twice before.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [19, 19], "content_span": [20, 277]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074866-0002-0000", "contents": "1957 Grand National\nThirty-five horses ran, including last year's winner E.S.B. all returned safely to the stables.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [19, 19], "content_span": [20, 115]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074867-0000-0000", "contents": "1957 Grand Prix motorcycle racing season\nThe 1957 Grand Prix motorcycle racing season was the ninth F.I.M. Road Racing World Championship Grand Prix season. The season consisted of six Grand Prix races in five classes: 500cc, 350cc, 250cc, 125cc and Sidecars 500cc. It began on 19 May, with German Grand Prix and ended with Nations Grand Prix in Italy on 1 September.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [40, 40], "content_span": [41, 367]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074867-0001-0000", "contents": "1957 Grand Prix motorcycle racing season, Season summary\n1957 marked the end of a Golden Era in Grand Prix motorcycle racing. There had been an impressive variety of machinery competing during the 1950s including, works teams from AJS, Norton, Gilera, MV Agusta, Moto Guzzi, and BMW. That's six factories taking part with singles, twins and four-cylinder machines. Include privateer Nortons and Matchless and it made for a colorful competition.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [42, 56], "content_span": [57, 444]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074867-0002-0000", "contents": "1957 Grand Prix motorcycle racing season, Season summary\nThen the Italian firms dropped a bombshell by announcing they would pull out of racing at the conclusion of the 1957 season, citing escalating costs and dwindling motorcycle sales. MV Agusta initially went along with the pull out before reconsidering. The firm would go on to claim 17 consecutive 500cc crowns.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [42, 56], "content_span": [57, 367]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074867-0003-0000", "contents": "1957 Grand Prix motorcycle racing season, Season summary\n1957 would also mark a new era in other respects with the banning of the dustbin fairings due to their dangerous instability in crosswinds. Another harbinger of change was the introduction of two-stroke engines in competition. An East German firm named MZ placed respectably in races at the N\u00fcrburgring although few people viewed the two-strokes as a threat to the mighty four-strokes.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [42, 56], "content_span": [57, 442]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074867-0004-0000", "contents": "1957 Grand Prix motorcycle racing season, Standings, Scoring system\nPoints were awarded to the top six finishers in each race. Only the four best races were counted in all five classes: the Sidecars, 125cc, 250cc,  350cc and 500cc championships.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [42, 67], "content_span": [68, 245]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074868-0000-0000", "contents": "1957 Green Bay Packers season\nThe 1957 Green Bay Packers season was their 39th season overall and their 37th season in the National Football League. After a week one win against the Chicago Bears, The team finished with a 3\u20139 record under fourth-year head coach Lisle Blackbourn and finished last in the Western Conference. It was Blackbourn's final season at Green Bay, who was replaced by Ray McLean in January 1958 for just one year, succeeded by Vince Lombardi in 1959.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [29, 29], "content_span": [30, 473]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074868-0001-0000", "contents": "1957 Green Bay Packers season\nThe 1957 season also marked the Packers' move from City Stadium to new City Stadium, which was opened with a win over the Chicago Bears in week one on September 29. It was renamed Lambeau Field in August 1965 in memory of Packers founder, player, and long-time head coach, Curly Lambeau, who had died two months earlier.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [29, 29], "content_span": [30, 350]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074868-0002-0000", "contents": "1957 Green Bay Packers season, Regular season, Standings\nNote: Tie games were not officially counted in the standings until 1972.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 56], "content_span": [57, 129]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074869-0000-0000", "contents": "1957 Grenadian general election\nGeneral elections were held in Grenada on 24 September 1957. Following the introduction of the new Constitution on 21 December 1959 real authority for governing the country was given to a Chief Minister and those from the majority party in the Legislative Council based on the 1957 elections. Herbert Blaize was appointed the first Chief Minister from 1 January 1960 when the Legislative Council provisions took effect, with the cooperation of the independents who chose to support the Grenada National Party.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [31, 31], "content_span": [32, 541]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074869-0001-0000", "contents": "1957 Grenadian general election, Background\nThis was the third election in Grenada's history held on the basis of universal adult suffrage. It was the first to have several competing political parties and for the first time Eric Gairy's Grenada United Labour Party had competition from other political parties, including the Grenada National Party led by John Watts and Herbert Blaize.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 43], "content_span": [44, 385]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074870-0000-0000", "contents": "1957 Guatemalan general election\nGeneral elections were held in Guatemala on 20 October 1957. Miguel Ortiz Passarelli won the presidential election. However, the elections were nullified on 23 October 1957 following protests against electoral fraud.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [32, 32], "content_span": [33, 249]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074871-0000-0000", "contents": "1957 Guerrero earthquake\nThe 1957 Guerrero earthquake occurred on 28 July at 08:40 UTC. It had a magnitude of 7.6 Mw and a maximum perceived intensity of VII (very strong) on the Modified Mercalli intensity scale. Mexico City and Chilpancingo were particularly badly affected. It caused the deaths of between 54 and 160 people. A small tsunami was triggered but caused little damage.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [24, 24], "content_span": [25, 383]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074871-0001-0000", "contents": "1957 Guerrero earthquake, Tectonic setting\nThe state of Guerrero lies adjacent to part of the Middle America Trench where the Cocos Plate is being subducted beneath the North American Plate. The convergence between these plates at this location is about 65\u00a0mm per year. There have been many large and destructive earthquakes in the past, such as the M 7.6 1911 Guerrero earthquake. The Guerrero seismic gap is a ca. 200\u00a0km long segment of the subduction interface, which has not had a large earthquake since the 1911 event. Although several slow earthquakes have been observed in that time interval, an earthquake in the range M 7.9\u20138.0 could still be expected within the Guerrero gap.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 42], "content_span": [43, 685]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074871-0002-0000", "contents": "1957 Guerrero earthquake, Earthquake\nThe earthquake originally had an estimated magnitude of 7.9 Ms. This was recalculated by the International Seismological Centre in their ISC-GEM catalogue as 7.6 Mw\u202f. The duration of strong shaking was recorded as 90 seconds in Mexico City. The earthquake is thought to have ruptured the plate interface at the southeastern end of the Guerrero seismic gap.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 36], "content_span": [37, 393]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074871-0003-0000", "contents": "1957 Guerrero earthquake, Damage\nThe greatest damage was observed in Mexico City, where many buildings were destroyed. Chilpancingo was also badly affected with 90% of buildings being damaged. The towns of Ayutla, Chilapa, Huamuxtitl\u00e1n, San Luis Acatlan, San Marcos, Tlapa and Huitzuco all sustained significant damage.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 32], "content_span": [33, 319]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074872-0000-0000", "contents": "1957 Guild of Television Producers and Directors Awards\nThe 1957 Guild of Television Producers and Directors Awards were the third annual giving of the awards which later became known as the British Academy Television Awards.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 55], "section_span": [55, 55], "content_span": [56, 225]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074873-0000-0000", "contents": "1957 Guinean Territorial Assembly election\nTerritorial Assembly elections were held in Guinea on 31 March 1957. The result was a victory for the Democratic Party of Guinea \u2013 African Democratic Rally, which won 56 of the 60 seats in the Assembly. Voter turnout was 60.3%.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 42], "section_span": [42, 42], "content_span": [43, 270]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074874-0000-0000", "contents": "1957 Haitian general election\nGeneral elections were held in Haiti on 22 September 1957. Former Minister of Labour Fran\u00e7ois Duvalier won the presidential election running under the National Unity Party banner, defeating Louis D\u00e9joie, as well as independent moderate Clement Jumelle, who had dropped out on election day in a cloud of suspicions that the army was monitoring the election in favour of Duvalier. Former head of state Daniel Fignol\u00e9, considered a champion of poor blacks, was considered ineligible as he had been forcibly exiled months before the election, allegedly kidnapped.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [29, 29], "content_span": [30, 589]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074874-0001-0000", "contents": "1957 Haitian general election\nSupporters of Duvalier also won the Chamber of Deputies elections. Following the election, D\u00e9joie went into exile in Cuba along with his supporters, fearing repression from Duvalier's supporters. Haiti was not to see a free or semi-free election until after the fall of Duvalier's son Jean-Claude Duvalier in February 1986.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [29, 29], "content_span": [30, 353]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074874-0002-0000", "contents": "1957 Haitian general election\nVoters cut the nail of the little finger of the left hand and dipped it in indelible ink to mark that the person voted.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [29, 29], "content_span": [30, 149]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074875-0000-0000", "contents": "1957 Hamilton Tiger-Cats season\nThe 1957 Hamilton Tiger-Cats finished in 1st place in the East Division with a 10\u20134 record and won the Grey Cup over the Winnipeg Blue Bombers. The Tiger-Cats played the Kitchener-Waterloo Dutchmen in the preseason, which would prove to be the last time they would play an Ontario Rugby Football Union team.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [31, 31], "content_span": [32, 339]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074876-0000-0000", "contents": "1957 Hardin\u2013Simmons Cowboys football team\nThe 1957 Hardin\u2013Simmons Cowboys football team was an American football team that represented Hardin\u2013Simmons University in the Border Conference during the 1957 NCAA University Division football season. In its third season under head coach Sammy Baugh, the team compiled a 5\u20135 record (3\u20132 against conference opponents), tied for third place in the conference, and was outscored by a total of 240 to 211. The team played its home games at Parramore Stadium, also known as Parramore Field, in Abilene, Texas.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 41], "section_span": [41, 41], "content_span": [42, 547]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074876-0001-0000", "contents": "1957 Hardin\u2013Simmons Cowboys football team\nThree Hardin-Simmons players were named to the 1957 All-Border Conference football team: guard Joe Biggs; tackle Ted Edmonston; and quarterback Ken Ford.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 41], "section_span": [41, 41], "content_span": [42, 195]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074877-0000-0000", "contents": "1957 Harvard Crimson football team\nThe 1957 Harvard Crimson football team was an American football team that represented Harvard University as a member of the Ivy League during the 1957 NCAA University Division football season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [34, 34], "content_span": [35, 227]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074877-0001-0000", "contents": "1957 Harvard Crimson football team\nIn their first year under head coach John Yovicsin, the Crimson compiled a 3\u20135 record and were outscored 180 to 78. Thomas B. Hooper was the team captain.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [34, 34], "content_span": [35, 189]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074877-0002-0000", "contents": "1957 Harvard Crimson football team\nHarvard's 2\u20135 conference record finished seventh in the Ivy League. The Crimson were outscored 173 to 64 by Ivy opponents.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [34, 34], "content_span": [35, 157]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074877-0003-0000", "contents": "1957 Harvard Crimson football team\nHarvard played its home games at Harvard Stadium in the Allston neighborhood of Boston, Massachusetts.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [34, 34], "content_span": [35, 137]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074878-0000-0000", "contents": "1957 Hawaii Rainbows football team\nThe 1957 Hawaii Rainbows football team represented the University of Hawai\u02bbi at M\u0101noa as an independent during the 1957 NCAA College Division football season. In their sixth season under head coach Hank Vasconcellos, the Rainbows compiled a 4\u20134\u20131 record.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [34, 34], "content_span": [35, 289]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074879-0000-0000", "contents": "1957 Hawthorn Football Club season\nThe 1957 season was the Hawthorn Football Club's 33rd season in the Victorian Football League and 56th overall. This was the first time since 1923 Hawthorn qualified for finals, and the first time since joining the VFL in 1925.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [34, 34], "content_span": [35, 262]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074879-0001-0000", "contents": "1957 Hawthorn Football Club season, Fixture, Night Series\nDue to the popularity of the night series cup every team competed in the 1957 night series.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [36, 57], "content_span": [58, 149]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074880-0000-0000", "contents": "1957 Holy Cross Crusaders football team\nThe 1957 Holy Cross Crusaders football team was an American football team that represented the College of the Holy Cross as an independent during the 1957 NCAA University Division football season. In its 14th year under head coach Eddie Anderson, the team compiled a 5\u20133\u20131 record. The team played its home games at Fitton Field on the college's campus in Worcester, Massachusetts.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [39, 39], "content_span": [40, 420]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074881-0000-0000", "contents": "1957 Honduran Constituent Assembly election\nConstituent Assembly elections were held in Honduras on 22 September 1957. In November the Assembly elected Ram\u00f3n Villeda Morales as president.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 43], "section_span": [43, 43], "content_span": [44, 187]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074881-0001-0000", "contents": "1957 Honduran Constituent Assembly election, Aftermath\nOn 16 November the Assembly elected Ram\u00f3n Villeda Morales as president by a vote of 37 to 20. Following his election, the Liberal Party formed a coalition government with the National Party and the National Reformist Movement, with cabinet portfolios divided on a 6:2:1 ratio. However, the National Party and National Reformist Movement held protests in Tegucigalpa on the day of the presidential vote.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 43], "section_span": [45, 54], "content_span": [55, 457]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074882-0000-0000", "contents": "1957 Hong Kong municipal election\nThe 1957 Urban Council election was held on 8 March 1957 for the 4 of the 8 elected seats of the Urban Council of Hong Kong. Since this election the term of the members was extended from 2 years to 4 years.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [33, 33], "content_span": [34, 240]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074882-0001-0000", "contents": "1957 Hong Kong municipal election\n6,916 of the 19,305 eligible voters cast their ballots. Two incumbents of the Hong Kong Civic Association, Li Yiu-bor and Woo Pak-foo who won their seats last year retained their seats, while Hilton Cheong-Leen gained a seat for the Civic Association by defeating incumbent Woo Pak-chuen, Woo Pak-foo's brother, of the Reform Club of Hong Kong and took the last seat.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [33, 33], "content_span": [34, 401]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074882-0002-0000", "contents": "1957 Hong Kong municipal election, By-election\nAn extraordinary Urban Council Election took place on 12 June 1957 due to Brook Bernacchi resigned with the allegations of over-expenditure on election. Bernacchi stood as a candidate again, facing the challenge from Civic Association's K. B. Allport who was unelected in March. Bernacchi defeated Allport with 2,590 to 1,486 votes.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 46], "content_span": [47, 379]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074883-0000-0000", "contents": "1957 Hornsey by-election\nThe Hornsey by-election of 30 May 1957 was held after the death of Conservative Party MP David Gammans.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [24, 24], "content_span": [25, 128]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074883-0001-0000", "contents": "1957 Hornsey by-election\nThe seat was safe, having been won at the 1955 United Kingdom general election by over 12,500 votes", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [24, 24], "content_span": [25, 124]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074884-0000-0000", "contents": "1957 Houston Cougars football team\nThe 1957 Houston Cougars football team, also known as the Houston Cougars, Houston, or UH, represented the University of Houston in the 1957 NCAA University Division football season. It was the 12th year of season play for Houston. The team was coached by first-year head coach Hal Lahar. The team played its games off-campus at Rice Stadium, which had been built in 1950. Houston won its third conference championship, as the Cougars earned a perfect 3\u20130 record in conference play. It was the first time a conference championship was achieved by a first-year coach for Houston.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [34, 34], "content_span": [35, 613]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074884-0000-0001", "contents": "1957 Houston Cougars football team\nDespite losing several key starting players and switching head coaches, Houston was considered a favorite for the conference championship prior to the season's start. Following the season, three of Houston's players from the 1957 roster were drafted in the 1958 NFL Draft. Three more 1957 players were also taken in the 1959 NFL Draft.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [34, 34], "content_span": [35, 370]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074884-0001-0000", "contents": "1957 Houston Cougars football team, Pre-season\nThe pre-season marked a head coaching change for the Cougars, as head coach Hal Lahar was successfully lured from Colgate on January 18, 1957.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [36, 46], "content_span": [47, 189]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074884-0002-0000", "contents": "1957 Houston Cougars football team, Game summaries, Miami\nMiami, coached by tenth-year Hurricanes veteran Andy Gustafson, traveled to Rice Stadium to compete against Houston for both of the teams' season opener game. It was the first meeting between the two teams. Miami, an NCAA University Division Independent, was heavily favored to win the game, and were nationally-ranked as #14 in the AP Poll.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [36, 57], "content_span": [58, 399]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074884-0003-0000", "contents": "1957 Houston Cougars football team, Game summaries, Miami\nBoth teams struggled offensively, as there were 11 fumbles throughout the game. Miami's longest drive was for only 27 yards. The single score in the game came near the end of the second quarter period when junior Houston halfback rushed for 23 yards with key blocks from senior fullback Owen Mulholland and junior guard Burr Davis. Halfback Mike Michon converted the point after touchdown. Miami responded by taking the ball to Houston's 23-yard line in the second quarter, but ran out of time to complete a successful score. In the fourth quarter, Houston halfback Don Brown ran for 75 yards for a touchdown in the fourth quarter, but this was retracted by officials due to a holding penalty.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [36, 57], "content_span": [58, 751]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074884-0004-0000", "contents": "1957 Houston Cougars football team, Game summaries, Miami\nWith a win against #14 Miami, Houston entered the AP Poll as a nationally-ranked team for the first time since the 1952 season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [36, 57], "content_span": [58, 185]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074884-0005-0000", "contents": "1957 Houston Cougars football team, Game summaries, Baylor\nThe Houston Cougars went on the road to Waco, Texas to meet with Baylor of the Southwest Conference. Both Houston and Baylor had a six-game winning streak. Baylor led the series 3\u20132, and were led by second-year head coach Sam Boyd. Also coaching for the Bears was lines coach Harden Cooper, who had previously served in the same capacity for Houston under Hal Lahar from 1950\u20131954. As a pre-season ranked team, and a win against Villanova the week prior, Baylor entered the game nationally-ranked at #11 in the AP Poll.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [36, 58], "content_span": [59, 578]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074884-0006-0000", "contents": "1957 Houston Cougars football team, Game summaries, Baylor\nWhile Houston's offensive strategy centered around a running game, Baylor's game was spearheaded by quarterback Doyle Traylor and a short passing strategy. Traylor completed 11 of 15 passes to help his team win. Throughout the first half of the game, no team scored, but early in the third quarter, Baylor scored a touchdown. Although Houston answered with a 3-yard reception for a touchdown by halfback Claude King, kicker Mike Michon was unable to convert for the point after touchdown.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [36, 58], "content_span": [59, 547]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074884-0007-0000", "contents": "1957 Houston Cougars football team, Game summaries, Baylor\nAfter the loss, Houston was dropped from the AP Poll, and did not return for the remainder of the season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [36, 58], "content_span": [59, 164]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074884-0008-0000", "contents": "1957 Houston Cougars football team, Game summaries, Cincinnati\nFor the first time ever, Houston met with Missouri Valley Conference foe Cincinnati at Nippert Stadium in Ohio. Having moved from an independent status in the NCAA, it was Cincinnati's first season as a conference member, and the team was coached by 3rd-year head coach George Blackburn.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [36, 62], "content_span": [63, 350]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074884-0009-0000", "contents": "1957 Houston Cougars football team, Game summaries, Cincinnati\nAfter a scoreless three quarters, the fourth quarter of the game saw Houston score a rushing touchdown by halfback Claude King from Cincinnati's four-yard line. Houston's offense had 257 total yards compared to Cincinnati's 97.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [36, 62], "content_span": [63, 290]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074884-0010-0000", "contents": "1957 Houston Cougars football team, Game summaries, Cincinnati\nWith the win against the Bearcats, Houston improved to an overall record of 2\u20131, and a 1\u20130 conference record.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [36, 62], "content_span": [63, 172]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074884-0011-0000", "contents": "1957 Houston Cougars football team, Game summaries, Texas A&M\nWhen Houston met with Texas A&M of the Southwest Conference at Kyle Field, it was the sixth time in history that the two teams had competed against each other. Texas A&M had become a regular opponent for Houston, having met with each other each season since 1952. The Aggies were coached by Bear Bryant, who was serving in his fourth year with the team. Attendance for the game was 33,000. It was the third time on Houston's schedule that they played a nationally-ranked team, and Texas A&M was #3 in the AP Poll.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [36, 61], "content_span": [62, 575]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074884-0012-0000", "contents": "1957 Houston Cougars football team, Game summaries, Texas A&M\nWith the loss to Texas A&M, Houston's overall record fell to 2\u20132. Texas A&M's national ranking improved to the #1 spot later in the season, and the Aggies eventually finished at #9 after a berth in the Gator Bowl. Following the season, head coach Bear Bryant went on to coach Alabama, and won several national championships from 1958\u20131982.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [36, 61], "content_span": [62, 401]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074884-0013-0000", "contents": "1957 Houston Cougars football team, Game summaries, Oklahoma State\nHouston returned home to compete against former conference-mate Oklahoma State. It was the Cowboys' first season as an independent since 1914. The team's head coach was third-year Cliff Speegle, and the Cowboys' entered the game with a 3\u20131 season record and a three-game winning streak. It would be both Houston and Oklahoma State's sole game of the season with a tied result. Had Oklahoma State won the game, it would have meant a complete sweep of all Missouri Valley former conference-mates.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [36, 66], "content_span": [67, 561]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074884-0014-0000", "contents": "1957 Houston Cougars football team, Game summaries, Oklahoma State\nAlthough the Cowboys led the game with six points over the Cougars' nil score, a final quarter punt by Oklahoma State's Jim Wiggins was blocked by Houston tackle Hogan Wharton. This allowed Houston to recover the ball on Oklahoma State's 24-yard line. Then, Houston halfback Don Brown managed to complete a nine-yard rushing touchdown. Despite this, when attempting a PAT, kicker Sammy Blount missed, and the score remained tied.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [36, 66], "content_span": [67, 496]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074884-0015-0000", "contents": "1957 Houston Cougars football team, Game summaries, Oklahoma State\nFollowing the game, Hogan Wharton received the \"Lineman of the Week\" award from the Missouri Valley Conference. Houston's record became 2\u20132\u20131, and Oklahoma State eventually finished their season with a 6\u20133\u20131 overall record.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [36, 66], "content_span": [67, 290]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074884-0016-0000", "contents": "1957 Houston Cougars football team, Game summaries, Auburn\nHouston hosted Auburn of the Southeastern Conference for their next game. With a perfect 4\u20130 season record, the Tigers were nationally-ranked in the AP Poll as #5. Auburn was coached by seventh-year head coach Ralph Jordan who had led his team to four previous winning seasons with three bowl game appearances, and three finishes in the national rankings.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [36, 58], "content_span": [59, 414]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074884-0017-0000", "contents": "1957 Houston Cougars football team, Game summaries, Auburn\nStarting with a 71-yard touchdown pass with its first play against Houston, Auburn would eventually crush Houston with a 48\u20137 win. The Cougars' lone touchdown was scored by halfback Paul Sweeten in the second quarter after returning an interception.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [36, 58], "content_span": [59, 308]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074884-0018-0000", "contents": "1957 Houston Cougars football team, Game summaries, Auburn\nFollowing the win against Houston, Auburn went on to have an undefeated 10\u20130 season record. They were awarded the national title in the AP Poll, and were ranked as the second-best team in the Coaches' Poll. As a team on NCAA probation, Auburn was ineligible for a bowl game appearance.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [36, 58], "content_span": [59, 344]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074884-0019-0000", "contents": "1957 Houston Cougars football team, Game summaries, Mississippi\nFor its next game, Houston traveled to Mississippi Veterans Memorial Stadium to compete against the Ole Miss Rebels. Having competed against Auburn in the previous game, Ole Miss was the second SEC team that Houston played on its schedule. The Rebels were coached by eleventh-year veteran Johnny Vaught, and entered the contest with a 5\u20131 overall record (having only lost to Arkansas of the Southwest Conference). Ole Miss was considered to be the favorite, and were nationally-ranked as #14 in the AP Poll.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [36, 63], "content_span": [64, 571]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074884-0020-0000", "contents": "1957 Houston Cougars football team, Game summaries, Mississippi\nWithin the first four minutes of gameplay, Ole Miss scored the first touchdown in a rushing play by senior running back Billy Lott. In the second quarter, Houston's halfback Billy Ray Dickey scored the sole touchdown with a completed pass thrown by quarterback Paul Sweeten. Throughout the third quarter, there were no scores by either side. In the third quarter, Ole Miss defensive end Don Williams recovered a fumble from Houston, and the Rebels gained 48 yards. In the fourth quarter, Ole Miss starting quarterback Ray Brown scored a touchdown for his team by utilizing a quarterback sneak. After Sweeten fumbled at the Houston six-yard line, Ole Miss backup quarterback Bobby Franklin then scored a final touchdown.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [36, 63], "content_span": [64, 783]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074884-0021-0000", "contents": "1957 Houston Cougars football team, Game summaries, Mississippi\nWith a win against the Cougars, Mississippi continued their season to eventually finish with a 9\u20131\u20131 overall record, and a win against Texas in the 1958 Sugar Bowl. Ole Miss finished the season with a #7 national ranking in the AP Poll, and 2nd-place finish in the Southeastern Conference standings.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [36, 63], "content_span": [64, 363]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074884-0022-0000", "contents": "1957 Houston Cougars football team, Game summaries, Mississippi Southern\nHouston remained at Mississippi Veterans Memorial Stadium in Jackson, Mississippi to face the Southern Miss Southerners for the first time in history. Southern Miss was coached by ninth-year head coach Thad Vann, and entered the game with a perfect 7\u20130 overall record. Halfback Claude King had a stand-out game, where he scored two touchdowns for the Cougars. Right halfback Don Brown of Dayton, Texas also punched in two short touchdown runs. Following its loss to Houston, Southern Miss went on to finish the season with an 8\u20134 record, and appeared in that season's edition of the Tangerine Bowl.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [36, 72], "content_span": [73, 671]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074884-0023-0000", "contents": "1957 Houston Cougars football team, Game summaries, Wichita\nAfter its victory over Southern Miss, Houston had finished its out of conference schedule. Traveling to Veterans Stadium, Houston had the opportunity to clinch the 1957 Missouri Valley Conference championship with a victory over conference opponent Wichita. Wichita, now a regular opponent of Houston since the 1949 season, was tied with Houston in the all-time series of 3\u20133. They were coached by first-year Woody Woodard, and with an abysmal record of 1\u20136, were coming off only their first win of the season over Drake. It would be their sole win of the season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [36, 59], "content_span": [60, 623]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074884-0024-0000", "contents": "1957 Houston Cougars football team, Game summaries, Tulsa\nThe conclusion of the 1957 season coincided with another victory and a perfect 3\u20130 conference record for the Cougars. Houston met with the Tulsa Golden Hurricane at Skelly Stadium in Tulsa, who were coached by Bobby Dobbs, and had a 3\u20135 record. An annual match-up between the two teams had existed since the 1950 season, and this was their eighth meeting. Despite their losing record, the Golden Hurricane were coming off of a three-game winning streak, and the game was designated as Tulsa's homecoming.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [36, 57], "content_span": [58, 562]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074884-0025-0000", "contents": "1957 Houston Cougars football team, Game summaries, Tulsa\nThe first score of the game came from Houston, when running back Harold Lewis made a 2-yard dive into the Hurricane end zone in the first quarter. Tulsa answered with their own rushing touchdown in the second quarter. However, the game was decided late in the fourth quarter, when a holding call was made against Tulsa, and they were forced to give up fifteen yards. This eventually resulted in Houston's senior halfback Gene Ward scoring another touchdown from a pass by quarterback Don Brown. With a win against Tulsa, Houston improved its all-time series record against the Golden Hurricane to a tie at 4\u20134.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [36, 57], "content_span": [58, 668]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074884-0026-0000", "contents": "1957 Houston Cougars football team, After the season, NFL Draft\nThere were three players from the 1957 season to be drafted to the National Football League in the 1958 NFL Draft. It was the eighth time in team history that Houston players were taken in the draft. Tackle Hogan Wharton was taken by the San Francisco 49ers in the eleventh round (131st overall), but remained on the team through the duration of the 1958 season. Similarly, Don McDonald was taken by the Philadelphia Eagles in the twenty-ninth round (340th overall), but did not leave Houston until after the 1959 season. Tackle John Peters was taken by the Green Bay Packers in the thirtieth round (350th overall). While Donnie Caraway, another Houston player was drafted in 1958, he did not play with the Cougars for the 1957 season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [36, 63], "content_span": [64, 799]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074884-0027-0000", "contents": "1957 Houston Cougars football team, After the season, NFL Draft\nDuring the 1959 NFL Draft several more Houston players from the 1957 season were drafted. Don Brown was taken in the second round (20th overall) by the Los Angeles Rams, Hal Lewis was taken in the seventh round (84th overall) by the Baltimore Colts, and Bob Borah was taken in the twenty-fifth round (296th overall) by the Chicago Bears.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [36, 63], "content_span": [64, 401]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074884-0028-0000", "contents": "1957 Houston Cougars football team, After the season, Honors\nTackle Hogan Wharton was named Lineman of the Year by the Missouri Valley Conference. He was also named to the 1957 All-Missouri Valley Conference Team along with guard Burr Davis, and fullback Harold Lewis. Halfback Don Brown was selected to participate in the 1958 Senior Bowl.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [36, 60], "content_span": [61, 340]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074885-0000-0000", "contents": "1957 Humboldt State Lumberjacks football team\nThe 1957 Humboldt State Lumberjacks football team represented Humboldt State College during the 1957 NCAA College Division football season. Humboldt State competed in the Far Western Conference (FWC).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 45], "section_span": [45, 45], "content_span": [46, 246]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074885-0001-0000", "contents": "1957 Humboldt State Lumberjacks football team\nThe 1957 Lumberjacks were led by seventh-year head coach Phil Sarboe. They played home games at the Redwood Bowl in Arcata, California. Humboldt State finished with a record of four wins and six losses (4\u20136, 3\u20132 FWC). The Lumberjacks were outscored by their opponents 179\u2013185 for the season. The 1957 season was the only losing season in the 15 years Phil Sarboe was the head coach for the Lumberjacks.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 45], "section_span": [45, 45], "content_span": [46, 448]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074885-0002-0000", "contents": "1957 Humboldt State Lumberjacks football team, Team players in the NFL\nNo Humboldt State players were selected in the 1958 NFL Draft.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 45], "section_span": [47, 70], "content_span": [71, 133]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074886-0000-0000", "contents": "1957 ICF Canoe Slalom World Championships\nThe 1957 ICF Canoe Slalom World Championships were held in Augsburg, West Germany under the auspices of International Canoe Federation. It was the 5th edition. The Mixed C2 team event debuted at these championships.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 41], "section_span": [41, 41], "content_span": [42, 257]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074887-0000-0000", "contents": "1957 Ice Hockey World Championships\nThe 1957 Ice Hockey World Championships were held between 24 February and 5 March 1957 at the Palace of Sports of the Central Lenin Stadium in Moscow, USSR.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [35, 35], "content_span": [36, 192]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074887-0001-0000", "contents": "1957 Ice Hockey World Championships\nThis was the last World Championships played on natural ice; and were the first World Championships held in the Soviet Union and they are remembered for the political circumstances surrounding the games. Hungary had been recently occupied by the Soviet Army (to suppress a revolution in October and November 1956), and as a result, the United States and Canada boycotted the World Championships in protest. Joining them were Norway, West Germany, Italy and Switzerland. East Germany participated at the top level for the first time.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [35, 35], "content_span": [36, 568]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074887-0002-0000", "contents": "1957 Ice Hockey World Championships, Competition\nWith the boycott, the home team USSR was heavily favoured to win the tournament, but Sweden surprised the world by pulling off an upset. The first step was taken in their third game, when they beat Czechoslovakia 2-0. This important victory was saved by the head of Leksands IF defenseman Vilgot Larsson. He literally headed the puck away from the Swedish net to save a goal, and in the days before mandatory helmets, received several stitches for his heroics. In the final game, Sweden opened with two goals, but the dynamic Soviets responded with 4 goals of their own.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 48], "content_span": [49, 619]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074887-0002-0001", "contents": "1957 Ice Hockey World Championships, Competition\nDown by two in the third period, goals by Eilert M\u00e4\u00e4tt\u00e4 and Erling Lindstr\u00f6m tied the game, and the goaltending of Thord Flodqvist and play of Sven \"Tumba\" Johansson guaranteed the final draw. The USSR had previously only tied Czechoslovakia, so all Sweden needed was one point, or a tie, for gold.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 48], "content_span": [49, 347]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074887-0003-0000", "contents": "1957 Ice Hockey World Championships, Competition\nKarel Straka of Czechoslovakia was named best goaltender. Nikola\u00ef Sologubov of the USSR was best defenceman, and Sven \"Tumba\" Johansson of Sweden was best forward. Konstantin Loktev of the USSR led all scorers with 18 points (on 11 goals and 7 assists), followed by Nils Nilsson and Ronald Pettersson of Sweden, both with 16 points. Vsevolod Bobrov of the USSR led all scorers with 13 goals. Japan competed for the first time since 1930, and finished last with one point in the standings.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 48], "content_span": [49, 537]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074887-0004-0000", "contents": "1957 Ice Hockey World Championships, Competition\nThe Soviets did not have the Swedish national anthem ready for the gold medal ceremony. To compensate for this, the Swedish players decided to sing the anthem over the stadium's PA system. However, few players knew the anthem by heart so they decided to play a little prank on the Soviets and instead sang the Swedish drinking song \"Helan G\u00e5r\". Swedish captain Lasse Bj\u00f6rn later recalled the story of Marshal Zhukov, the Minister of Defence of the Soviet Union, standing to attention for a simple Swedish drinking song.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 48], "content_span": [49, 568]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074887-0005-0000", "contents": "1957 Ice Hockey World Championships, Attendance record\nThe final game (USSR versus Sweden for the championship) was played on the football field of the Grand Sports Arena of the Luzhniki Stadium. It is reputed that over 50,000 fans (or 55,000, depending on sources) saw the game, the most ever for an international hockey game. This stood as the world record until 6 October 2001, when 74,544 fans saw Michigan State University and the University of Michigan play an American NCAA Hockey game outdoors at Spartan Stadium in East Lansing, Michigan.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 54], "content_span": [55, 547]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074887-0006-0000", "contents": "1957 Ice Hockey World Championships, European Championship medal table\nGames played against Japan did not count for the purposes of determining the European champion. Since six of the seven European participants defeated Japan, and since the only opponent that did not defeat Japan (Austria) also lost to each of their European opponents, finishing order for the European championship table was the same as it was for the main championship table.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 70], "content_span": [71, 446]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074888-0000-0000", "contents": "1957 Idaho State Bengals football team\nThe 1957 Idaho State Bengals football team was an American football team that represented Idaho State University in the Rocky Mountain Conference (RMC) during the 1957 NCAA College Division football season. In their sixth season under head coach Babe Caccia, the Bengals compiled a perfect 9\u20130 record, won the RMC championship, and outscored opponents by a total of 280 to 85. The team captains were Jim Wagstaff and Ken Peterson.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [38, 38], "content_span": [39, 469]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074889-0000-0000", "contents": "1957 Idaho Vandals football team\nThe 1957 Idaho Vandals football team represented the University of Idaho in the 1957 NCAA University Division football season. The\u00a0Vandals were led by fourth-year head coach Skip Stahley and were members of the Pacific Coast Conference. Home\u00a0games were played on campus at Neale Stadium in Moscow, with one home game in Boise at old Bronco Stadium at Boise Junior College. Led on the field by quarterbacks Howard Willis and Gary Kenworthy, Idaho compiled a 4\u20134\u20131 overall record and were 0\u20133 in\u00a0the\u00a0PCC.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [32, 32], "content_span": [33, 535]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074889-0001-0000", "contents": "1957 Idaho Vandals football team\nThe Vandals suffered a third straight loss in the Battle of the Palouse with neighbor Washington State, falling 21\u201313 at Rogers Field in Pullman on November\u00a016. The loss prevented the first winning season for Idaho football since\u00a01938. In\u00a0the rivalry game with Montana, the Vandals ran their winning streak over the Grizzlies to six and retained the Little Brown\u00a0Stein.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [32, 32], "content_span": [33, 402]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074889-0002-0000", "contents": "1957 Idaho Vandals football team, Notable players\nThis Vandal team had several players who went on to extended careers in professional football. Jerry Kramer of Sandpoint played eleven seasons at right guard with the Green Bay Packers and won five NFL\u00a0titles (and the first two Super Bowls) under head coach Vince\u00a0Lombardi. He\u00a0was an All-Pro five times and was the lead blocker on the famous Packers sweep. Kramer made the NFL's all-decade team for the 1960s and was the last member of the NFL's 50th anniversary team to be inducted into Pro Football Hall of Fame, at age 82 in\u00a02018.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 49], "content_span": [50, 583]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074889-0003-0000", "contents": "1957 Idaho Vandals football team, Notable players\nWayne Walker of Boise played fifteen seasons with the Detroit Lions as an outside linebacker and was named All-Pro three times. Both were selected in the fourth round of the 1958 NFL Draft; Kramer was 39th overall and Walker 45th, and both were periodic placekickers as pros. (As Vandals, Kramer was the kicker and Walker was the long\u00a0snapper.)", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 49], "content_span": [50, 394]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074889-0004-0000", "contents": "1957 Idaho Vandals football team, Notable players\nSophomore Jim Norton of Fullerton, California, was a safety and punter for nine seasons with the Houston Oilers; he was the all-time interceptions leader in the American Football League and his #43 was the first retired by the franchise.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 49], "content_span": [50, 287]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074889-0005-0000", "contents": "1957 Idaho Vandals football team, Notable players\nJim Prestel of Indianapolis was a defensive tackle for eight seasons in the NFL, primarily with the expansion Minnesota Vikings. A junior in 1957, he missed most of the season due to his mother's terminal illness. Selected in the sixth round of the 1959 NFL Draft, 70th overall, he was granted another year of eligibility and played for Idaho in 1959 and began his pro career with the Cleveland Browns in 1960. Prestel was also a standout player on the Vandal basketball team. He played in his final game at Idaho in the Battle of the Palouse in late October with a broken foot, then was sidelined and missed the basketball\u00a0season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 49], "content_span": [50, 681]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074889-0006-0000", "contents": "1957 Idaho Vandals football team, All-Coast\nBecause of their limited conference schedule, no Vandals were on the All-PCC first team (eleven spots), but two were selected for the second team; guard Jerry Kramer and center Wayne Walker. Honorable mention were quarterback Howard Willis, end Larry Aldrich, and fullback Ken Hall.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 43], "content_span": [44, 326]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074890-0000-0000", "contents": "1957 Illinois Fighting Illini football team\nThe 1957 Illinois Fighting Illini football team was an American football team that represented the University of Illinois during the 1957 Big Ten Conference football season. In their 16th year under head coach Ray Eliot, the Illini compiled a 4\u20135 record and finished in seventh place in the Big Ten Conference. End Ron Hanson was selected as the team's most valuable player.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 43], "section_span": [43, 43], "content_span": [44, 418]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074891-0000-0000", "contents": "1957 Indian Rajya Sabha elections\nRajya Sabha elections were held on various dates in 1957, to elect members of the Rajya Sabha, Indian Parliament's upper chamber.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [33, 33], "content_span": [34, 163]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074891-0001-0000", "contents": "1957 Indian Rajya Sabha elections, Elections, Members elected\nThe following members are elected in the elections held in 1957. They are members for the term 1957-1963 and retire in year 1963, except in case of the resignation or death before the term. The list is incomplete.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 61], "content_span": [62, 275]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074891-0002-0000", "contents": "1957 Indian Rajya Sabha elections, Bye-elections\nThe following bye elections were held in the year 1957.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 48], "content_span": [49, 104]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074892-0000-0000", "contents": "1957 Indian general election\nGeneral elections were held in India between 24 February and 9 June 1957, the second elections to the Lok Sabha after independence. They were held five years after the 1951\u201352 elections in accordance with the provisions of the Constitution of India. Elections to many state legislatures were held simultaneously.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [28, 28], "content_span": [29, 341]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074892-0001-0000", "contents": "1957 Indian general election\nThere were 494 seats elected using first past the post voting system. Out of the 403 constituencies, 91 elected two members, while the remaining 312 elected a single member. The multi-seat constituencies were abolished before the next election.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [28, 28], "content_span": [29, 273]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074892-0002-0000", "contents": "1957 Indian general election\nUnder the leadership of Jawaharlal Nehru, the Indian National Congress easily won a second term in power, taking 371 of the 494 seats. They gained an extra seven seats (the size of the Lok Sabha had been increased by five) and their vote share increased from 45.0% to 47.8%. The INC won nearly five times more votes than the Communist Party, the second largest party. In addition, 19.3% of the vote and 42 seats went to independent candidates, the highest of any Indian general election.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [28, 28], "content_span": [29, 516]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074892-0003-0000", "contents": "1957 Indian general election, Voting\nThe first instance of booth capturing in India was recorded in 1957 in the General Elections of that year in Rachiyahi, in Begusarai's Matihani assembly seat.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 36], "content_span": [37, 195]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074893-0000-0000", "contents": "1957 Indian general election in Madras\nThe 1957 Indian general election polls in Tamil Nadu were held for 34 seats in the state. The result was a victory for Indian National Congress winning 24 out of 34 seats. The major opposition for INC, the CPI, managed to only win 2 seats. This election also saw the entry of Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam in their first national election, who ended up winning 2 seats. Due to the nonrecognition of state parties such as the DMK, they were grouped under independent parties, which won a total of 8 seats.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [38, 38], "content_span": [39, 539]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074894-0000-0000", "contents": "1957 Indian presidential election\nThe Election Commission of India held indirect 2nd presidential elections of India on 6 May 1957. Dr. Rajendra Prasad won his re-election with 459,698 votes over his rivals Chowdhry Hari Ram who got 2,672 votes and Nagendra Narayan Das who got 2,000 votes. Rajendra Prasad, has been the only person, to have won and served two terms, as President of India.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [33, 33], "content_span": [34, 390]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074895-0000-0000", "contents": "1957 Indian vice presidential election\nThe 1957 Indian vice presidential election was held on in 1957 to elect Vice-President of India. Sarvepalli Radhakrishnan was reelected unopposed. Should the election contested by more than one candidate, the poll would occurred on 11 May 1957.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [38, 38], "content_span": [39, 283]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074896-0000-0000", "contents": "1957 Indiana Hoosiers football team\nThe 1957 Indiana Hoosiers football team represented the Indiana Hoosiers in the 1957 Big Ten Conference football season. The Hoosiers played their home games at Memorial Stadium in Bloomington, Indiana. The team was led by Bob Hicks, in his only year as head coach of the Hoosiers.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [35, 35], "content_span": [36, 317]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074897-0000-0000", "contents": "1957 Indianapolis 500\nThe 41st International 500-Mile Sweepstakes was held at the Indianapolis Motor Speedway on Thursday, May 30, 1957. The event was part of the 1957 USAC National Championship Trail and it was race 3 of 8 in the 1957 World Championship of Drivers.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [21, 21], "content_span": [22, 266]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074897-0001-0000", "contents": "1957 Indianapolis 500\nSam Hanks won the Indianapolis 500 in his thirteenth attempt (the most such by any 500 winner). He retired from competition at Indy in victory lane. Contrary to popular belief, Hanks did not completely retire from racing until the end of the year. He skipped the Race of Two Worlds when his entrant withdrew, but competed in USAC Stock Car events later in the year, winning the event at Trenton, and finished third in points championships for 1957.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [21, 21], "content_span": [22, 470]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074897-0002-0000", "contents": "1957 Indianapolis 500\nHanks received a record $103,844 purse, the first driver to win a $100,000 single-race payday. The total race purse was also a record, over $300,000 for the first time.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [21, 21], "content_span": [22, 190]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074897-0003-0000", "contents": "1957 Indianapolis 500\nHanks won the race in George Salih's \"Lay-down Offy\". The Offenhauser engine was mounted on its side and shifted off-center. This was done in order to lower the center of gravity, reduce frontal area, and counterbalance the body roll in the turns. The car that Hanks drove for the win in 1957 would win back-to-back Indy 500s, with Jimmy Bryan piloting the very same chassis to victory again in 1958.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [21, 21], "content_span": [22, 422]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074897-0004-0000", "contents": "1957 Indianapolis 500, Track improvements\nFor 1957, the Speedway introduced a new state-of-the-art pit lane and brand new Master Control Tower to house broadcasting as well as timing and scoring. For the first time, the pit area was separated from the mainstretch by an inside wall. The pit lane was paved in concrete (the mainstretch remained brick), while a grass strip went the length of the pit road to accommodate pit crew sign board men. Flagging duties would be done from a station on the grass strip at the start/finish line, and eventually a small wooden platform would be constructed for the flagman to stand atop. USAC officials also stationed themselves on the new grass parapet.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [23, 41], "content_span": [42, 691]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074897-0005-0000", "contents": "1957 Indianapolis 500, Track improvements\nFor the 1957 race, the field lined up in the pit area single-file, rather than the traditional eleven rows of three on the racing surface. On the pace lap, the field assembled into position, and was aligned for the green flag. By 1957, the field was now being taken around for two warm-up laps (one \"parade\" lap, and one \"pace\" lap), an increase over the single lap used previously. This single-file grid practice would eventually lead to confusion, and was utilized for only two years.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [23, 41], "content_span": [42, 528]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074897-0006-0000", "contents": "1957 Indianapolis 500, Practice and time trials\nTime trials was scheduled for four days, but the second day was rained out. Rain affected practice days as well.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [23, 47], "content_span": [48, 160]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074897-0007-0000", "contents": "1957 Indianapolis 500, Practice and time trials\nGiuseppe Farina was the only European driver on the entry list for the race, however, he did not attempt to qualify. Farina had difficulty getting his car up to speed, and had experienced handling problems. On May 15, his teammate Keith Andrews stepped into his car for a test run, but crashed. Down the frontstretch, Andrews began to slide, and when he attempted to correct, the car backed into the inside wall separating the pit area. Andrews was crushed to death between the cowl and the fuel tank, but no fire broke out. Farina withdrew after Andrews was killed, with no backup car to use.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [23, 47], "content_span": [48, 641]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074897-0008-0000", "contents": "1957 Indianapolis 500, Practice and time trials, Saturday May 18 \u2013 Pole Day time trials\nPat O'Connor qualified for the pole position. Showers delayed qualifying for nearly four hours, and at other points during the afternoon. A total of only nine cars completed runs.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [23, 87], "content_span": [88, 267]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074897-0009-0000", "contents": "1957 Indianapolis 500, Practice and time trials, Saturday May 18 \u2013 Pole Day time trials\nO'Connor's speed of 143.948\u00a0mph was not a track record. Troy Ruttman was on the track, and after a lap of over 144\u00a0mph, rain forced him to abort the attempt. He was able to get back out to the track, but had to settle for a speed of only 142.772\u00a0mph.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [23, 87], "content_span": [88, 338]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074897-0010-0000", "contents": "1957 Indianapolis 500, Practice and time trials, Saturday May 18 \u2013 Pole Day time trials\nThe first rookie to make the field was Elmer George, the husband of Mari Hulman George, and son-in-law of Speedway president Tony Hulman.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [23, 87], "content_span": [88, 225]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074897-0011-0000", "contents": "1957 Indianapolis 500, Practice and time trials, Saturday May 25 \u2013 Third day time trials\nPaul Russo (144.817\u00a0mph) was the fastest driver of the day, in one of the Novi Specials. Russo was the fastest qualifier in the field, as his speed was faster than the pole position time from the previous weekend.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [23, 88], "content_span": [89, 302]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074897-0012-0000", "contents": "1957 Indianapolis 500, Practice and time trials, Sunday May 26 \u2013 Fourth day time trials\nRain and winds plagued the final day of time trials. Twenty three cars entered the day looking to fill the final 11 positions. A total of 43 attempts were made, with 9 cars bumped.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [23, 87], "content_span": [88, 268]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074897-0013-0000", "contents": "1957 Indianapolis 500, Practice and time trials, Sunday May 26 \u2013 Fourth day time trials\nTony Bettenhausen (142.439\u00a0mph) was the fastest driver of the day, driving one of the 500\u00a0hp Novi Specials. Bill Cheesbourg needed two cars to make the field. His first attempt was too slow. But late in the day, he got in Cliff Griffith's car, and at a speed of 141.565\u00a0mph, bumped Johnnie Parsons from the lineup.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [23, 87], "content_span": [88, 402]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074897-0014-0000", "contents": "1957 Indianapolis 500, Qualifying results, Failed to Qualify\nR\u00a0 = Indianapolis 500 rookie\u00a0W\u00a0 = Former Indianapolis 500 winner", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [23, 60], "content_span": [61, 125]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074897-0015-0000", "contents": "1957 Indianapolis 500, Race summary, First half\nOn the backstretch during the pace lap, Elmer George hit the back of Eddie Russo's car, putting both cars out of the race before the start. Only 31 cars took the green flag.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [23, 47], "content_span": [48, 221]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074897-0016-0000", "contents": "1957 Indianapolis 500, Race summary, First half\nPolesitter Pat O'Connor took the lead at the start and led the first four laps. Troy Ruttman led laps 5\u20136. O'Connor re-took the lead for laps 7\u20139, but Ruttman led laps 10\u201311, until blowing the engine. Paul Russo took the lead on lap 12, and in the first twelve laps there had already been four lead changes between three drivers.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [23, 47], "content_span": [48, 377]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074897-0017-0000", "contents": "1957 Indianapolis 500, Race summary, Second half\nSam Hanks took the lead for the final time on lap 135.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [23, 48], "content_span": [49, 103]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074897-0018-0000", "contents": "1957 Indianapolis 500, Broadcasting, Radio\nThe race was carried live on the IMS Radio Network. Sid Collins served as chief announcer. The broadcast was carried by 302 affiliates, including Latin America. It reached 46 states and DC. The broadcast came on-air at 10:45\u00a0a.m. local time, fifteen minutes prior to the start of the race. For the fifth years, the network featured announcers from the five major radio stations in Indianapolis (WISH, WIRE, WIBC, WFBM, and WISH). For 1957, the crew was expanded to eleven, with three new remote reporting locations. For the first time, there would be a reporter in each of the four turns, and a third pit reporter was added to help cover the recently lengthened pit lane. In addition, the booth announcers moved into the newly-constructed Master Control Tower along the frontstretch.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [23, 42], "content_span": [43, 826]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074897-0019-0000", "contents": "1957 Indianapolis 500, Broadcasting, Radio\nTurn 1: Bill FroschTurn 2: Bob RhodesBackstretch: Bernie HermanTurn 3: Robin BrightTurn 4: Jim Shelton", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [23, 42], "content_span": [43, 145]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074898-0000-0000", "contents": "1957 Individual Long Track European Championship\nThe 1957 Individual Long Track European Championship was the first edition of the Long Track European Championship. The event was held on 15 September 1957 in Stockholm, Sweden.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 48], "section_span": [48, 48], "content_span": [49, 226]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074899-0000-0000", "contents": "1957 Individual Speedway World Championship\nThe 1957 Individual Speedway World Championship was the 12th edition of the official World Championship to determine the world champion rider.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 43], "section_span": [43, 43], "content_span": [44, 186]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074899-0001-0000", "contents": "1957 Individual Speedway World Championship\nThe event was sponsored by the Sunday Dispatch and the attendance was 51,000. New Zealander Barry Briggs won the title after a ride off against defending champion Ove Fundin after the pair tied on 14 points after five rides each. In the ride off Fundin took the lead before Briggs forced his way to the front and with a lap to go Fundin lost control and crashed into the safety fence. Briggs duly won the \u00a3500 first prize with Fundin bruised but collecting \u00a3200. Peter Craven won the bronze and \u00a3100 after another ride off for third place.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 43], "section_span": [43, 43], "content_span": [44, 583]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074899-0002-0000", "contents": "1957 Individual Speedway World Championship, World final, Classification\nm - exclusion for exceeding two minute time allowance \u2022  t - exclusion for touching the tapes \u2022  x - other exclusion \u2022  e - retired or mechanical failure \u2022  f - fell \u2022  ns - non-starter \u2022  nc - non-classify", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 43], "section_span": [45, 72], "content_span": [73, 279]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074900-0000-0000", "contents": "1957 Indonesian local elections\nLocal elections were held in parts of Indonesia in the second half of 1957 to elect provincial and regency and city councils. The Communist Party of Indonesia won a larger share of the vote than it had in the 1955 legislative election, the only major party to do so. The PKI's success, and the declining or stagnant support for other parties, caused concern that the PKI might dominate the planned 1959 national legislative elections, one reason these did not take place.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [31, 31], "content_span": [32, 503]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074900-0001-0000", "contents": "1957 Indonesian local elections, Background\nIn 1956, transitional regional assemblies were established, with composition corresponding to party vote share in the 1955 elections. The following year,  provided for three levels of local government \u2013 province, regency and village. The directly elected province and regency governments would elect a regional executive, the Regional Administrative Council (Indonesian: Dewan Pemerintah Daerah, DPD), which would have a composition in line with local parties\u2019 vote shares. The DPD chairman would be a regional executive, and would have to be approved by the government in Jakarta. There would be Wide-ranging regional autonomy, which would mean and greatly increased influence for the political parties. Due to the ongoing regional rebellions, elections could only be held in Java, South Sumatra and Riau (and Kalimantan in 1958).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 43], "content_span": [44, 875]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074900-0002-0000", "contents": "1957 Indonesian local elections, Campaign\nExcept for the PKI, the campaign was rather lacklustre campaign, partly because the main issue at time was the regional rebellions. As it was clear that regional elections would not solve this problem, they were seen as irrelevant. There were also restrictions on party activities because Indonesia was then under martial law, which had been declared in mid-March 1957. In East Java, for example, the military allowed only four days of campaigning. Rallies and demonstrations were monitored.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 41], "content_span": [42, 533]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074900-0003-0000", "contents": "1957 Indonesian local elections, Campaign\nIn addition, the parties had spent significant amounts on the 1955 elections, and some had to rely on remaining funds. The PKI only party with plenty of funds. The parties focused on areas where they had done well in 1955, thus Masjumi concentrated their efforts in Jakarta, and West Java, the Nahdlatul Ulama on East Java and the Indonesian National Party (PNI) across Java. As the PKI had never served in cabinets, it escaped blame for government shortcomings.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 41], "content_span": [42, 504]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074900-0003-0001", "contents": "1957 Indonesian local elections, Campaign\nThe party used a slogan urging people to vote PKI \u201cto carry out the Konsepsi\u201d, meaning President Sukarno's concept of an inclusive government reaching all decisions by consensus. The communists also attacked other parties for their corruption. The authorities arrested senor PNI, Masjumi and NU officials for corruption, but no PKI figures. The PKI campaigned on giving land to the poor, but other parties could not counter this as sometimes the land belonged to their leaders or financial backers. From May 6\u201311, Soviet head of state Voroshilov paid a state visit to Indonesia, and Soviet flags were widely displayed, which may have assisted the PKI's campaign.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 41], "content_span": [42, 704]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074900-0004-0000", "contents": "1957 Indonesian local elections, Election results, Jakarta\nThe election in Jakarta was held 22 June, and was contested by 43 parties. There was a lower turnout than the 1955 elections, possibly because of rain and problems with voter cards. The turnout was approximately 70 percent, down from 75 percent in 1955. The PKI was the only party to increase its vote over the 1955 result, and it moved up from fourth to second position.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 58], "content_span": [59, 430]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074900-0005-0000", "contents": "1957 Indonesian local elections, Election results, Central Java\nThe PNI had won more than a third of the vote in the 1955 elections, with the PKI on over 25 percent. There was considerable tension between parties. ahead of the elections, which were held on 17 July. The turnout was approximately 85 percent. The result was a shock for PNI leaders as the PKI gained votes from PNI, reversing the positions from the 1955 elections and coming first overall.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 63], "content_span": [64, 454]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074900-0006-0000", "contents": "1957 Indonesian local elections, Election results, Yogyakarta\nIn Yogyakarta, elections were held on November 7. The PKI finished on top by a significant margin.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 61], "content_span": [62, 160]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074900-0007-0000", "contents": "1957 Indonesian local elections, Election results, East Java\nThe PNI was not as popular in East Java as it was in Central Java, and had problems with internal party strife. In the election, held on 29 July, the PKI was the only party that increased its vote, and voters appeared to switch from the PNI to the PKI. However, the NU retained its leading position. The Surabaya branch of the PNI claimed there were irregularities and called for voting there to be repeated. The Home Affairs Minister (from the PNI) Sanusi agreed and ordered the vote to be held again. This took place on 25 February 1958.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 60], "content_span": [61, 600]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074900-0008-0000", "contents": "1957 Indonesian local elections, Election results, West Java\nIn staunchly Islamic West Java, the Islamist Masjumi Party had come first in the 1955 election, and it retained this position in 1957. The PNI vote fell sharply, and again the PKI vote rose. The election was held on 10 August.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 60], "content_span": [61, 287]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074900-0009-0000", "contents": "1957 Indonesian local elections, Election results, South Sumatra\nBy 1 December, when elections were held in South Sumatra, the PNI was in turmoil because of the results from Java. There was widespread anti-communist activity in the lead up to the vote: the military played a part in this. However, the PKI still obtained more votes than in 1955, possibly partly due to support from ethnic Javanese settlers.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 64], "content_span": [65, 407]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074900-0010-0000", "contents": "1957 Indonesian local elections, Aftermath\nThe huge PKI vote prompted party leader D.N. Aidit to claim that this was an increase of 45 percent over the 1955 election vote. The PKI was then able to take control of regional councils in Java and ensure the appointment of several communists as mayors. The results made dissenters outside Java more suspicious of Java, and the fear of Javanese domination of the outer islands became conflated with concerns about communism. This made it more difficult to find a solution to the disputes.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 42], "content_span": [43, 533]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074900-0010-0001", "contents": "1957 Indonesian local elections, Aftermath\nIt also strengthened the determination of Army leaders to destroy the PKI, and forced other parties to think seriously about why the PKI was gaining popularity, and they were not. It seemed likely that PKI support would continue to increase, and that of other parties fall further. As no PKI members sat in cabinet, the party could not be blamed for the government's failures and corruption. These parties believed they would be unable to rectify this before elections due in 1959, and therefore did not want these elections to go ahead.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 42], "content_span": [43, 580]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074900-0010-0002", "contents": "1957 Indonesian local elections, Aftermath\nAlarmed by the results, regional leaders held a national conference in September to harmonize relations between them and the central government. Delegates called for the restoration of the Sukarno-Hatta leadership, the establishment of a senate and the banning of the PKI. However none of these demands were met. In May 1958, the army used its emergency powers to cancel the 1959 elections, with the support of Sukarno, who was keen to move towards his system of guided democracy.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 42], "content_span": [43, 523]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074901-0000-0000", "contents": "1957 International Cross Country Championships\nThe 1957 International Cross Country Championships was held in Waregem, Belgium, at the Hippodroom Waregem on 23 March 1957. In addition, an unofficial women's championship was held one week later at Musselburgh, Scotland on 30 March 1957. A report on the men's event as well as the women's event was given in the Glasgow Herald.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 46], "section_span": [46, 46], "content_span": [47, 376]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074901-0001-0000", "contents": "1957 International Cross Country Championships\nComplete results for men, and for women (unofficial), medallists,  and the results of British athletes were published.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 46], "section_span": [46, 46], "content_span": [47, 165]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074901-0002-0000", "contents": "1957 International Cross Country Championships, Participation, Men's\nAn unofficial count yields the participation of 89 male athletes from 10 countries.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 46], "section_span": [48, 68], "content_span": [69, 152]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074901-0003-0000", "contents": "1957 International Cross Country Championships, Participation, Women's\nAn unofficial count yields the participation of 12 female athletes from 2 countries.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 46], "section_span": [48, 70], "content_span": [71, 155]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074902-0000-0000", "contents": "1957 International Meeting of Communist and Workers Parties\nAn International Meeting of Communist and Workers Parties was held in Moscow, Soviet Union, November 16\u201319, 1957. The meeting was attended by 64 political parties from all over the world. The meeting was the first of its kind, marking a new form of forum for the world communist movement following the disbanding of the Communist International and Cominform. Four additional parties (including the Communist Party, USA) attended clandestinely out of fear of repercussions at home.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 59], "section_span": [59, 59], "content_span": [60, 540]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074902-0001-0000", "contents": "1957 International Meeting of Communist and Workers Parties, Background\nThe 1957 meeting took place midst celebrations of the 40th anniversary (ruby jubilee) celebrations of the October Revolution, for which celebrations had taken place in Moscow on November 6-7, 1957. The traditional military parade of the Soviet Army's Moscow Military District forces, military academy cadets and representatives of the Navy and the Ministry of Internal Affairs, took place on Red Square in front of the participating leaders and a banquet was held in the Moscow Kremlin. Except for Tito the meeting was attended by the leaders of each of the 13 ruling communist parties around the world. The November 16\u201319 meeting was preceded by the Conference of Representatives of Communist and Workers' Parties of Socialist Countries, held November 14\u201316, 1957, at which 12 ruling communist parties signed a joint declaration.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 59], "section_span": [61, 71], "content_span": [72, 902]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074902-0002-0000", "contents": "1957 International Meeting of Communist and Workers Parties, Background\nThe 1957 meeting occurred in the aftermath of the 20th Congress of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union, at which Stalin had been denounced, and revolts in Hungary and Poland. The 1957 meeting sought to reaffirm communist unity, demarcating against the revisionism represented by the Yugoslav party and the hardliners resisting 'de-Stalinization'. The meeting backed Khrushchev's new line of different national paths towards socialism, peaceful co-existence and popular front tactics. As per the line given by the meeting, transition to people's democracy was possible through parliamentary elections, as long as the communist parties combined electoral work with mass struggles against reactionary forces. The meeting adopted a 'peace manifesto', outlining capitalist monopolies as the main threat to world peace.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 59], "section_span": [61, 71], "content_span": [72, 889]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074902-0003-0000", "contents": "1957 International Meeting of Communist and Workers Parties, Unity and division\nWhilst the intended purpose of the meeting was to display unity of the world communist movement, the outcome was quite different. In the debates at the meeting Mao argued for a centralized world communist movement whilst the Italian communist leader Palmiro Togliatti argued for decentralization of the world communist movement and autonomy of individual parties. For Mao, the talk of \"peaceful road to socialism\" meant a negotiation of revolutionary politics and a capitulation to electoral politics.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 59], "section_span": [61, 79], "content_span": [80, 581]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074902-0004-0000", "contents": "1957 International Meeting of Communist and Workers Parties, Unity and division\nThe meeting had lasting impact on the world communist movement. With the Moscow meeting indicating an increased space for independent policy by national communist parties, the Workers Party of Korea organ Rodong Sinmun carried an editorial on the meeting which called for increasingly independent political self-reliance of the Workers Party of Korea. Following the 1957 meeting, the Romanian Workers Party took an increasingly independent political course.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 59], "section_span": [61, 79], "content_span": [80, 537]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074902-0005-0000", "contents": "1957 International Meeting of Communist and Workers Parties, Sino-Soviet split\nThe 1957 meeting marked a turning point in Sino-Soviet relations, for the first time the contradictions between the Soviet and Chinese parties came into the forefront (which would later result in the Sino-Soviet split).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 59], "section_span": [61, 78], "content_span": [79, 298]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074902-0006-0000", "contents": "1957 International Meeting of Communist and Workers Parties, Sino-Soviet split\nWhilst the meeting marked increasing divergence between the Soviet and Chinese communist parties, although the Communist Party of China signed both the declaration and peace manifesto after some hesitation. The Chinese communist leader addressed the meeting on November 18, 1957, at which he publicly affirmed support for Khrushchev's leadership in his struggle against the \"Anti-Party Group\". The speech, released in full by Chinese authorities only in 1985, marks the sole known statement of Mao siding with Khrushchev against the \"Anti-Party Group\".", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 59], "section_span": [61, 78], "content_span": [79, 631]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074902-0007-0000", "contents": "1957 International Meeting of Communist and Workers Parties, Sino-Soviet split\nMoreover, Mao took advantage of the Moscow meeting to improve Sino-Korean relations, by holding bilateral talks with the Korean leader Kim Il-Sung and expressing remorse over Chinese interference in Korean affairs in 1956. In his speech at the meeting, Kim Il-Sung avoided touching on the Sino-Soviet contradictions.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 59], "section_span": [61, 78], "content_span": [79, 395]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074902-0008-0000", "contents": "1957 International Meeting of Communist and Workers Parties, Yugoslav question\nOn the other hand, the meeting was preceded by a few months of gradual normalization of relations between the Soviet Union and Yugoslavia, and the Yugoslav party was invited to the event. The Yugoslavs rejected the invitation for the preceding meeting of Communist and Workers Parties from the Socialist Countries but attended the broader international meeting. However, the rapprochement backfired as the Yugoslav delegates rejected the political line of recognizing the leading role of the Soviet Union in the struggle for socialism, and the Yugoslavs refused to sign the documents of the meeting.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 59], "section_span": [61, 78], "content_span": [79, 678]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074902-0008-0001", "contents": "1957 International Meeting of Communist and Workers Parties, Yugoslav question\nJust a few days before the event, when the Yugoslavs obtained the draft text for the declaration of the meeting, Tito cancelled his trip to Moscow altogether. The Chinese party had managed pushed the Soviets to adopt a tougher stand against Yugoslav revisionism, and at the Moscow meeting Mao was supported by Maurice Thorez and Mikhail Suslov on this point. The Albanian leader Enver Hoxha had published a statement on October 26, 1957 condemning the Yugoslav positions, causing dismay in the Yugoslav leadership.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 59], "section_span": [61, 78], "content_span": [79, 593]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074902-0008-0002", "contents": "1957 International Meeting of Communist and Workers Parties, Yugoslav question\nMeanwhile, the Polish communist leader W\u0142adys\u0142aw Gomu\u0142ka had unsuccessfully lobbied to exclude the wording 'with the Soviet Union at the fore' from the declaration of the meeting. The Italian delegation had been supportive of the Polish position on this matter, whilst the Danish communist leader Aksel Larsen voiced pro-Yugoslav positions (for which he was subsequently expelled from his party).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 59], "section_span": [61, 78], "content_span": [79, 475]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074902-0009-0000", "contents": "1957 International Meeting of Communist and Workers Parties, Yugoslav question\nOfficially Tito's absence at the October Revolution celebrations was explained by a sudden case of \"lumbago\". The fallout marked a setback for Khrushchev, who had hoped to be able to gather both Mao and Tito (representing opposite extremes of the increasingly divergent world communist movement) in a show of grand unity at the podium.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 59], "section_span": [61, 78], "content_span": [79, 414]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074902-0010-0000", "contents": "1957 International Meeting of Communist and Workers Parties, Latin American meeting\nDuring the Moscow meeting, a separate meeting of Latin American communists was held. The meeting set up a special commission for Latin American affairs. The Popular Front line of the Chilean communists was based on input from this meeting.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 59], "section_span": [61, 83], "content_span": [84, 323]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074902-0011-0000", "contents": "1957 International Meeting of Communist and Workers Parties, Delegations, Present only at the International Meeting of Communist and Workers Parties\nFollowing the departure of John Gates from the Communist Party USA, the CPUSA subsequently endorsed the declarations of the 1957 meeting.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 59], "section_span": [61, 148], "content_span": [149, 286]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074903-0000-0000", "contents": "1957 Iowa Hawkeyes football team\nThe 1957 Iowa Hawkeyes football team represented the University of Iowa in the 1957 Big Ten Conference football season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [32, 32], "content_span": [33, 152]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074904-0000-0000", "contents": "1957 Iowa State Cyclones baseball team\nThe 1957 Iowa State Cyclones baseball team represented Iowa State University in the 1957 NCAA University Division baseball season. The team was coached by Cap Timm in his 16th year as head coach at Iowa State.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [38, 38], "content_span": [39, 248]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074904-0001-0000", "contents": "1957 Iowa State Cyclones baseball team\nThe Cyclones won the District V playoff to advance to the College World Series, where they were defeated by the California Golden Bears.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [38, 38], "content_span": [39, 175]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074905-0000-0000", "contents": "1957 Iowa State Cyclones football team\nThe 1957 Iowa State Cyclones football team represented Iowa State College of Agricultural and Mechanic Arts (later renamed Iowa State University) in the Big Seven Conference during the 1957 NCAA University Division football season. In their first and only year under head coach Jim Myers, the Cyclones compiled a 4\u20135\u20131 record (2\u20134 against conference opponents), tied for fifth place in the conference, and were outscored by their opponents by a combined total of 160 to 142. They played their home games at Clyde Williams Field in Ames, Iowa.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [38, 38], "content_span": [39, 581]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074905-0001-0000", "contents": "1957 Iowa State Cyclones football team\nThe team's regular starting lineup on offense consisted of left end Brian Dennis, left tackle Andris Poncius, left guard Bob Bird, center Jack Falter, right guard Dave Munger, right tackle Don Metcalf, right end Jim Stuelke, quarterback Marv Walter, left halfback Dwight Nichols, right halfback Jim Lary, and fullback Bob Harden. John Falter and Marv Walter were the team captains.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [38, 38], "content_span": [39, 420]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074905-0002-0000", "contents": "1957 Iowa State Cyclones football team\nThe team's statistical leaders included Dwight Nichols with 668 rushing yards and 751 passing yards, Brian Dennis with 252 receiving yards, and Dwight Nichols and Terry Ingram with 24 points each. Dwight Nichols was selected as a first-team all-conference player.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [38, 38], "content_span": [39, 302]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074906-0000-0000", "contents": "1957 Ipswich by-election\nThe Member of Parliament for Ipswich in Suffolk, Richard Stokes, of the Labour Party died on 3 August 1957.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [24, 24], "content_span": [25, 132]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074906-0001-0000", "contents": "1957 Ipswich by-election\nThe by-election to fill his seat was held on 24 October.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [24, 24], "content_span": [25, 81]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074907-0000-0000", "contents": "1957 Irish Greyhound Derby\nThe 1957 Irish Greyhound Derby took place during July and August with the final being held at Harold's Cross Stadium in Dublin on 9 August 1957.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [26, 26], "content_span": [27, 171]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074907-0001-0000", "contents": "1957 Irish Greyhound Derby\nThe winner Hopeful Cutlet won \u00a3500 and was trained by Jack Mullan and owned by Rostrevor veterinary surgeon Chris Farrelly.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [26, 26], "content_span": [27, 150]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074907-0002-0000", "contents": "1957 Irish Greyhound Derby, Competition Report\nThe ante-post favourite was Solar Prince who had arrived for the Derby after winning the Callanan Cup final where he beat Romola's Dante by six lengths. He duly won his first round heat in the fastest first round time of 29.47. However he was withdrawn before the second round and later that evening Noisy Sam set a new track record of 29.41. The other second round winners were Hopeful Cutlet, Bugatti and Red Riot. In the first semi-final The Grand Fire sealed an easy win at odds of 4-9 in 29.58, but bruised a leg in running. The second semi-final resulted in Hopeful Cutlet beating Tullaherin Twinkle but favourite Noisy Sam stumbled badly and failed to get through to the final.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [28, 46], "content_span": [47, 731]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074907-0003-0000", "contents": "1957 Irish Greyhound Derby, Competition Report\nIn the final Hopeful Cutlet vied with Tullaherin Twinkle before taking a decisive lead and winning by three lengths. The Grand Fire was slow away and found trouble before running on well for second place.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [28, 46], "content_span": [47, 251]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074908-0000-0000", "contents": "1957 Irish general election\nThe 1957 Irish general election was held on 5 March 1957, over four weeks after the dissolution of the D\u00e1il on 4 February. It was the longest election campaign in the history of the state spanning 30 days. The newly elected members of the 16th D\u00e1il assembled at Leinster House on 20 March when the new Taoiseach and government were appointed.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [27, 27], "content_span": [28, 370]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074908-0001-0000", "contents": "1957 Irish general election\nThe general election took place in 40 parliamentary constituencies throughout Ireland for 147 seats in the lower house of parliament, D\u00e1il \u00c9ireann.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [27, 27], "content_span": [28, 175]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074908-0002-0000", "contents": "1957 Irish general election, Campaign\nThe general election of 1957 was precipitated by the crisis in the trade balance and the government's reaction to it. As a result of this Fianna F\u00e1il tabled a motion of no confidence in the inter-party government of Fine Gael, Labour and Clann na Talmhan. Rather than face defeat in the vote the Taoiseach John A. Costello, decided to dissolve the D\u00e1il and let the people decide. The campaign was fought largely over economic issues and the situation in the North. In the north the IRA launched Operation Harvest which drew much popular support in the south. Sinn F\u00e9in  had been re-built and re-organized as a party by Paddy McLogan and was fielding abstentionist candidates.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 37], "content_span": [38, 713]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074908-0003-0000", "contents": "1957 Irish general election, Campaign\nFianna F\u00e1il had produced a major policy document in January, criticising many of its own policies in regard to the economy. While they did not know an election was imminent this became the backbone of their manifesto. The importance of free trade was played up by Fianna F\u00e1il in a clear rejection of the protectionist policies they had advocated in the past. The architect of many of these new policies was the spokesperson for Industry and Commerce and the heir-apparent of the party, Se\u00e1n Lemass. At 75 years of age \u00c9amon de Valera was fighting his last general election as leader of the party. In spite of his age he carried out a vigorous campaign, often being accompanied by brass bands and torch-lit processions. The Fianna F\u00e1il message was simple: coalition governments were unstable.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 37], "content_span": [38, 829]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074908-0004-0000", "contents": "1957 Irish general election, Campaign\nThe other parties, most of them having enjoyed a stint in government over the previous three years, fought the election on their record in office, Fine Gael in particular. Clann na Talmhan failed to broaden their appeal and remained the voice of the farmers. Clann na Poblachta under Sean MacBride had agreed not to stand in constituencies where Sinn F\u00e9in were fielding candidates and never made the breakthrough it had hoped for and lost two of its three seats. Sinn F\u00e9in, fighting one of its first post-war elections polled well on an abstentionist ticket, winning 4 seats", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 37], "content_span": [38, 612]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074908-0005-0000", "contents": "1957 Irish general election, Result\nWhen the votes were counted it was clear that Fianna F\u00e1il had achieved an overall majority. \u00c9amon de Valera became Taoiseach for the last time.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 35], "content_span": [36, 179]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074909-0000-0000", "contents": "1957 Isle of Man TT\nThe 1957 Isle of Man Tourist Trophy was the Golden Jubilee event and the second race in the 1957 Motorcycle World Championships.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [19, 19], "content_span": [20, 148]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074909-0001-0000", "contents": "1957 Isle of Man TT\nThe first event was the 350cc 1957 Junior TT race held on the Snaefell mountain course. The race was initially led by Bob McIntyre riding a Gilera motorcycle who beat the lap record for the Junior TT race from a standing start in 23\u00a0minutes and 14.2 seconds, an average speed of 97.42\u00a0mph and 42 seconds faster than the lap record set by Ray Amm in the 1954 Junior TT Race.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [19, 19], "content_span": [20, 393]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074909-0001-0001", "contents": "1957 Isle of Man TT\nOn lap 1, John Surtees riding for MV Agusta had to stop at the pits to change a spark plug, followed by Bob McIntrye who had to change a plug on the end of lap 2. The delay to McIntyre handed the lead to Dickie Dale riding a Moto Guzzi Grand Prix single-cylinder and led John Hartle riding a Norton in 2nd place by 22.2 seconds and Bob McIntyre in 3rd place by 24.6 seconds.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [19, 19], "content_span": [20, 394]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074909-0001-0002", "contents": "1957 Isle of Man TT\nA delay in the pits on lap 3 for Dickie Dale of 3\u00a0minutes and 38 seconds to replace a smashed windscreen allowed Bob McIntyre to regain the lead. An engine failure on lap 4 at Quarry Bends to the Norton of Jackie Wood, caused Dale and Hartle to crash on engine oil left on the road. This allowed Bob McIntyre to comfortably win the 1957 Junior TT Race at an average speed of 94.99\u00a0mph.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [19, 19], "content_span": [20, 405]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074909-0002-0000", "contents": "1957 Isle of Man TT\nThe 1957 Lightweight TT Race held on the Clypse Course was over 10 laps and 107.90\u00a0miles and was dominated by Cecil Sandford riding for the F.B.Mondial marque and team-mate Sammy Miller. By lap 2, Sandford led Miller by 2 seconds and Tarquinio Provini, also riding for Mondial, in a distant 3rd place. By lap 7, Miller had caught up and on lap 9 passed Sandford between the Creg-ny-Baa and Ballacoar Corner for the lead.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [19, 19], "content_span": [20, 440]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074909-0002-0001", "contents": "1957 Isle of Man TT\nAt Governor's Bridge on the last lap, Miller slipped off his Mondial, allowing Sandford to win the 1957 Lightweight TT Race at an average race speed of 75.80\u00a0mph from the MV Agusta pair of Luigi Taveri and Roberto Colombo. An exhausted Miller is forced to push-in his Mondial to finish in 5th place.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [19, 19], "content_span": [20, 319]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074909-0003-0000", "contents": "1957 Isle of Man TT\nDespite a rain shower between races, the 1957 Ultra-Lightweight TT on the Clypse Course was a more closely contested race. At Parkfield Corner on lap 1, Luigi Taveri riding for MV Agusta led the Mondial of Sammy Miller, while Tarquinio Provini riding for Mondial and Carlo Ubbiali on a MV Agusta were in the mid-field chasing pack.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [19, 19], "content_span": [20, 351]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074909-0003-0001", "contents": "1957 Isle of Man TT\nAt the Creg-ny-Baa on the first lap, Ubbiali caught up to the leaders to take 3rd place with Tarquinio Provini in 4th place, until Provini passed Ubbiali for 3rd place on the Whitebridge Hill on the end of the 1st lap of the Clypse Course.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [19, 19], "content_span": [20, 259]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074909-0003-0002", "contents": "1957 Isle of Man TT\nBy the end of lap 2, Provini passed both Taveri and Miller for the lead and by the end of the 3rd lap had a 13-second lead and set the fastest lap of the race of 8\u00a0minutes and 41.8 seconds an average speed of 74.44\u00a0mph and won the 1957 Lightweight TT Race at an average race speed of 73.69\u00a0mph. On lap 8 at Hall Corner, Luigi Taveri slipped off his MV Agusta, but continued on and was passed by Ubbiali at Parkfield Corner on lap 9. The last lap is contested by Taveri in a \"slipstream dog-fight\" for 3rd place which is won by Lugi Taveri by less than 1 second from Miller and Sandford.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [19, 19], "content_span": [20, 606]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074909-0004-0000", "contents": "1957 Isle of Man TT\nThe 10 lap 1957 Sidecar Race also held on the Clypse Course was led from start to finish by the BMW outfit of Fritz Hillebrand and Manfred Gr\u00fcnwald. In 2nd place was Walter Schneider/H.Strauss, also with a BMW sidecar. The Norton outfit of Cyril Smith and E.J.Bliss passed the other works BMW outfit of Florian Camathias/J.Galliker on lap 4. At the Manx Arms on the last lap, the Norton of Smith and Bliss suffers big-end failure allowing Camathias and Galliker to retake 3rd place and give BMW a 1-2-3 victory in the 1957 Sidecar TT Race.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [19, 19], "content_span": [20, 559]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074909-0005-0000", "contents": "1957 Isle of Man TT\nThere was high expectations for the Blue Riband race of the Golden Jubilee TT with the 8 lap (301.86\u00a0miles) 1957 Senior TT Race. As Geoff Duke had been injured at Imola at an Easter race meeting the works ride in the factory Gilera team had passed to Bob McIntyre. During the 1955 Isle of Man TT, Duke was credited with the first lap of the Snaefell mountain course at an average speed of 100\u00a0mph. This was later revised by the official time-keepers at the TT Grandstand to 99.97\u00a0mph.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [19, 19], "content_span": [20, 504]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074909-0006-0000", "contents": "1957 Isle of Man TT\nThe 1957 Senior TT race was led by Bob McIntyre riding for Gilera and he beat the overall lap-record from a standing start in 22\u00a0minutes and 38.4 seconds at an average speed of 99.99\u00a0mph and was 0.6 seconds faster than the lap record set by Geoff Duke in the 1955 Senior TT Race. The main rival for winning the Senior TT race is John Surtees riding for MV Agusta who posts a time of 23\u00a0minutes and 17.4 seconds an average speed of 97.20\u00a0mph on the first lap.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [19, 19], "content_span": [20, 478]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074909-0006-0001", "contents": "1957 Isle of Man TT\nOn the flying second lap, Bob McIntyre laps the Mountain Course in 22\u00a0minutes and 24.4 seconds an average speed of 101.03\u00a0mph, breaking the overall lap record and the first 100\u00a0mph lap. The feat is again repeated on the 3rd lap at an average speed of 100.54\u00a0mph and the 4th and 6th lap at an average speed of 101.12 and 100.35\u00a0mph respectively. By lap 4, Bob McIntyre led the 1957 Senior TT Race from John Surtees by 2\u00a0min and 10.2 seconds and is only 9.8 seconds behind Surtees on the road.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [19, 19], "content_span": [20, 511]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074909-0006-0002", "contents": "1957 Isle of Man TT\nBy the end of lap 4, Bob McIntyre passed John Surtees on the road. However, Surtees repassed Bob McIntyre on the road on the Mountain Section as the Gilera team gave McIntyre signals to the slow the pace. The 1957 Senior TT Race was eventually won by Bob McIntyre in 3\u00a0hours, 2\u00a0minutes and 57.2 seconds at an average speed of 98.99\u00a0mph. The record breaking Senior TT Race and the Golden Jubilee celebrations were marred by the death of Charlie Salt who crashed a BSA motorcycle at Ballagarraghyn Corner and was killed during the later stages of the 1957 Senior TT Race.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [19, 19], "content_span": [20, 589]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074909-0007-0000", "contents": "1957 Isle of Man TT, Race results, 1957 Isle of Man Junior TT 350cc final standings\n3 June 1957  \u2013  7 Laps (264.11\u00a0Miles) Mountain Course.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [21, 83], "content_span": [84, 138]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074909-0008-0000", "contents": "1957 Isle of Man TT, Race results, 1957 Isle of Man Lightweight TT 250cc final standings\n5 June 1957 \u2013 10 Laps (107.90\u00a0miles) Clypse Course.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [21, 88], "content_span": [89, 140]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074909-0009-0000", "contents": "1957 Isle of Man TT, Race results, 1957 Isle of Man Lightweight TT 125cc final standings\n5 June 1957 \u2013 10 Laps (107.90\u00a0miles) Clypse Course.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [21, 88], "content_span": [89, 140]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074909-0010-0000", "contents": "1957 Isle of Man TT, Race results, 1957 Sidecar TT final standings\n5 June 1957 \u2013 10 Laps (107.90\u00a0miles) Clypse Course.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [21, 66], "content_span": [67, 118]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074909-0011-0000", "contents": "1957 Isle of Man TT, Race results, 1957 Isle of Man Senior TT 500cc final standings\nFriday 7 June 1957  \u2013  8 Laps (301.84\u00a0Miles) Mountain Course.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [21, 83], "content_span": [84, 145]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074910-0000-0000", "contents": "1957 Israel Super Cup\nThe 1957 Israel Super Cup was the first edition of the Israel Super Cup, an annual Israeli football match played between the winners of the previous season's Top Division and Israel State Cup. As the match was not set by the Israel Football Association, it was considered an unofficial cup, with the cup being donated by the family of Lt-Col Zivi Tzafriri, who died in battle during the Sinai War", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [21, 21], "content_span": [22, 418]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074910-0001-0000", "contents": "1957 Israel Super Cup\nIn the match, held on 23 November 1957, league champions Hapoel Tel Aviv had beaten Hapoel Petah Tikva 3\u20130.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [21, 21], "content_span": [22, 129]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074911-0000-0000", "contents": "1957 Israeli presidential election\nAn election for President of Israel was held in the Knesset on 28 October 1957 following the end of Yitzhak Ben-Zvi's five-year term in office. Ben-Zvi stood again, and it was suggested that Yosef Yoel Rivlin (father of future president Reuven Rivlin) would run against him as a representative of Herut. However, in the end Rivlin did not participate in the election.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [34, 34], "content_span": [35, 402]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074911-0001-0000", "contents": "1957 Israeli presidential election\nAlthough Ben-Zvi was the only candidate, a vote was still held. He was re-elected with 76 of the 94 ballots cast; the other 18 votes were blank ballots. 26 Knesset members did not vote.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [34, 34], "content_span": [35, 220]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074911-0002-0000", "contents": "1957 Israeli presidential election\nBen-Zvi's second term began on the day of the election.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [34, 34], "content_span": [35, 90]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074912-0000-0000", "contents": "1957 Italian Grand Prix\nThe 1957 Italian Grand Prix was a Formula One motor race held on 8 September 1957 at Monza. It was the eighth and final race in the 1957 World Championship of Drivers.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [23, 23], "content_span": [24, 191]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074913-0000-0000", "contents": "1957 Ivorian Territorial Assembly election\nTerritorial Assembly elections were held in French Ivory Coast on 31 March 1957. The result was a victory for the Democratic Party of Ivory Coast \u2013 African Democratic Rally (PCDI\u2013RDA), which won 58 of the 60 seats. The other two seats were won by PCDI\u2013RDA dissidents.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 42], "section_span": [42, 42], "content_span": [43, 310]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074914-0000-0000", "contents": "1957 Ivy League football season\nThe 1957 Ivy League football season was the second season of college football play for the Ivy League and was part of the 1957 NCAA University Division football season. The season began on September 28, 1957, and ended on November 28, 1957. Ivy League teams were 7\u20136 against non-conference opponents and Princeton won the conference championship.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [31, 31], "content_span": [32, 378]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074914-0001-0000", "contents": "1957 Ivy League football season, 1958 NFL Draft\nOne Ivy League player was drafted in the 1958 NFL draft, held in December 1957 and January 1958: Gil Robertshaw.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 47], "content_span": [48, 160]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074915-0000-0000", "contents": "1957 Jammu and Kashmir Legislative Assembly election\nThe first  elections for the Legislative Assembly of the Indian state of Jammu and Kashmir under its own Constitution were held in March\u2013June 1957. Bakshi Ghulam Mohammad was appointed Prime Minister of Jammu and Kashmir.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 52], "section_span": [52, 52], "content_span": [53, 274]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074915-0001-0000", "contents": "1957 Jammu and Kashmir Legislative Assembly election, Background\nThe Constituent Assembly of Jammu and Kashmir, elected in 1951, which also functioned as the State's legislative assembly during its term of 6 years, dissolved itself in January 1957 having passed the State's Constitution.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 52], "section_span": [54, 64], "content_span": [65, 287]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074915-0002-0000", "contents": "1957 Jammu and Kashmir Legislative Assembly election, Background\nBefore that, in 1953, Sheikh Abdullah was dismissed as the Prime Minister by the Sadar-i-Riyasat Karan Singh because he had lost the majority in the Cabinet. The former deputy prime minister Bakshi Ghulam Mohammad was appointed in his place. Sheikh Abdullah, along with Mirza Afzal Beg and thirty-three other loyalists, was imprisoned by the incoming government.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 52], "section_span": [54, 64], "content_span": [65, 427]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074915-0003-0000", "contents": "1957 Jammu and Kashmir Legislative Assembly election, Background\nAfter Mirza Afzal Beg was released in November 1954, he, along with G. M. Hamdani, formed the All Jammu and Kashmir Plebiscite Front, demanding self-determination for Kashmiris through a plebiscite organized under United Nations supervision. The Plebiscite Front counted seven sitting legislators among its members. Other parties joined them in support: the Kashmir Political Conference, the Kashmir Democratic Union and the Praja Socialist Party.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 52], "section_span": [54, 64], "content_span": [65, 512]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074915-0004-0000", "contents": "1957 Jammu and Kashmir Legislative Assembly election, Background\nIn 1955, the left-wing faction of the ruling Jammu & Kashmir National Conference, led by G. M. Sadiq, fell out with the leadership and resigned from the party's Working Committee. Sadiq had a volley of complaints against the party leadership, ranging from manhandling by the party's gangs, corruption, to authoritarian and unprincipled leadership. He also complained about the nomination procedures for the upcoming Legislative Assembly election.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 52], "section_span": [54, 64], "content_span": [65, 511]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074915-0005-0000", "contents": "1957 Jammu and Kashmir Legislative Assembly election, The election\nThe election was conducted by the State's Franchise Commission. Voting was scheduled in the Jammu Division on 25 March and in the Kashmir Valley on 30 March. Because of snow-bound conditions, the voting for 7 other seats was held in May. The final results were announced on 3 June.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 52], "section_span": [54, 66], "content_span": [67, 348]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074915-0006-0000", "contents": "1957 Jammu and Kashmir Legislative Assembly election, The election\nOf the 75 seats of the Legislative Assembly, 43 seats were allocated to the Kashmir Valley, 30 to Jammu, and 2 to Ladakh. The election irregularities first witnessed in the Constituent Assembly elections in 1951 continued. Scholar Sumantra Bose states that the franchise official in charge of deciding the validity of nomination papers was a henchman of Prime Minister Bakshi Ghulam Mohammad. In the Valley, 30 seats were unopposed, resulting in wins for the National Conference; 10 more seats were declared elected after the rejection of the nomination papers of the opposing candidates. Three of these candidates were rejected on the grounds of being under the qualifying age, six due to improper nomination papers, and one on the grounds of being a government contractor. On the whole, the National Conference acquired a majority in the Assembly even before the voting began.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 52], "section_span": [54, 66], "content_span": [67, 945]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074915-0007-0000", "contents": "1957 Jammu and Kashmir Legislative Assembly election, The election\nOf the 28 remaining seats that witnessed voting on March, 20 were in Jammu and 8 in the Kashmir Valley. The Jammu Praja Parishad put forward 17 candidates, the Praja Socialist Party 8 candidates, and the Harijan Mandal 6 candidates. The Plebiscite Front and the Kashmir Political Conference boycotted the election.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 52], "section_span": [54, 66], "content_span": [67, 381]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074915-0008-0000", "contents": "1957 Jammu and Kashmir Legislative Assembly election, Results\nIn the Jammu Division, the National Conference won 13 of the 20 seats, the Praja Parishad won 6 seats, and the Harijan Mandal won 1 seat. The voting was heavy, with over 70 percent of voters casting their votes. One of the Praja Parishad electees later joined the National Conference, reducing its strength in the Assembly to 5.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 52], "section_span": [54, 61], "content_span": [62, 390]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074915-0009-0000", "contents": "1957 Jammu and Kashmir Legislative Assembly election, Results\nIn the Kashmir Valley, the National Conference won 7 of the 8 contested seats, and one seat was won by a dissident of the National Conference contesting as an independent.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 52], "section_span": [54, 61], "content_span": [62, 233]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074915-0010-0000", "contents": "1957 Jammu and Kashmir Legislative Assembly election, Results\nScholar Jyoti Bhusan Das Gupta attributes the victory of the National Conference in the Jammu Division to the conciliatory gestures of the Bakshi Ghulam Mohammad, which were in marked contrast to Sheikh Abdullah's hard-line attitude. James Roach points out that Bakshi's National Conference firmly stood for the State's accession to India. It also capitalized on the economic and social advances that the party had implemented.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 52], "section_span": [54, 61], "content_span": [62, 489]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074915-0011-0000", "contents": "1957 Jammu and Kashmir Legislative Assembly election, Government formation\nBakshi Ghulam Mohammad was reappointed as the Prime Minister in July 1957. Shamlal Saraf was reappointed as a Cabinet Minister along with five new appointees: Din Nath Mahajan, Mir Ghulam Mohammed Rajpuri, Kotwal Chuni Lal, and Khwaja Shamsuddin were new appointees.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 52], "section_span": [54, 74], "content_span": [75, 341]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074915-0012-0000", "contents": "1957 Jammu and Kashmir Legislative Assembly election, Government formation\nThe members of the leftist faction of the National Conference: G. M. Sadiq, Girdhari Lal Dogra, Mir Qasim and D. P. Dhar was excluded from the Cabinet. It has been reported, however, that Sadiq and Dogra were offered Cabinet posts, but they declined.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 52], "section_span": [54, 74], "content_span": [75, 325]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074916-0000-0000", "contents": "1957 Japan Series\nThe 1957 Japan Series was the Nippon Professional Baseball (NPB) championship series for the 1957 season. It was the eighth Japan Series and featured the Pacific League champions, the Nishitetsu Lions, against the Central League champions, the Yomiuri Giants.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [17, 17], "content_span": [18, 277]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074916-0001-0000", "contents": "1957 Japan Series, Matchups, Game 1\nSaturday, October 26, 1957 \u2013 1:02 pm at Heiwadai Stadium in Fukuoka", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 35], "content_span": [36, 103]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074916-0002-0000", "contents": "1957 Japan Series, Matchups, Game 2\nSunday, October 27, 1957 \u2013 1:02 pm at Heiwadai Stadium in Fukuoka", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 35], "content_span": [36, 101]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074916-0003-0000", "contents": "1957 Japan Series, Matchups, Game 3\nWednesday, October 30, 1957 \u2013 1:33 pm at Korakuen Stadium in Bunky\u014d, Tokyo", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 35], "content_span": [36, 110]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074916-0004-0000", "contents": "1957 Japan Series, Matchups, Game 4\nThursday, October 31, 1957 \u2013 1:36 pm at Korakuen Stadium in Bunky\u014d, Tokyo", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 35], "content_span": [36, 109]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074916-0005-0000", "contents": "1957 Japan Series, Matchups, Game 5\nFriday, November 1, 1957 \u2013 1:32 pm at Korakuen Stadium in Bunky\u014d, Tokyo", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 35], "content_span": [36, 107]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074917-0000-0000", "contents": "1957 Kahibah state by-election\nA by-election was held for the New South Wales Legislative Assembly electorate of Kahibah on 13 April 1957 because of the death of Tom Armstrong (Independent Labor).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [30, 30], "content_span": [31, 196]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074918-0000-0000", "contents": "1957 Kansas City Athletics season\nThe 1957 Kansas City Athletics season, the third for the team in Kansas City and the 57th in MLB, involved the A's finishing seventh in the American League with a record of 59 wins and 94 losses, 38\u00bd games behind the American League Champion New York Yankees. The club drew 901,067 spectators, sixth in the league.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [33, 33], "content_span": [34, 348]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074918-0001-0000", "contents": "1957 Kansas City Athletics season, Player stats, Batting, Starters by position\nNote: Pos = Position; G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 78], "content_span": [79, 203]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074918-0002-0000", "contents": "1957 Kansas City Athletics season, Player stats, Batting, Other batters\nNote: G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 71], "content_span": [72, 180]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074918-0003-0000", "contents": "1957 Kansas City Athletics season, Player stats, Pitching, Starting pitchers\nNote: G = Games played; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 76], "content_span": [77, 186]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074918-0004-0000", "contents": "1957 Kansas City Athletics season, Player stats, Pitching, Other pitchers\nNote: G = Games played; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 73], "content_span": [74, 183]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074918-0005-0000", "contents": "1957 Kansas City Athletics season, Player stats, Pitching, Relief pitchers\nNote: G = Games pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; SV = Saves; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 74], "content_span": [75, 175]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074919-0000-0000", "contents": "1957 Kansas Jayhawks football team\nThe 1957 Kansas Jayhawks football team represented the University of Kansas in the Big Seven Conference during the 1957 NCAA University Division football season. In their fourth and final season under head coach Chuck Mather, the Jayhawks compiled a 5\u20134\u20131 record (4\u20132 against conference opponents), finished second in the Big Seven Conference, and were outscored by all opponents by a combined total of 230 to 115. They played two ranked teams, losing to No. 2 Oklahoma by a 47\u20130 score and to No. 9 Oregon State by a 34\u20136 score. They played their home games at Memorial Stadium in Lawrence, Kansas.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [34, 34], "content_span": [35, 633]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074919-0001-0000", "contents": "1957 Kansas Jayhawks football team\nThe team's statistical leaders included Homer Floyd with 505 rushing yards and 189 receiving yards and Wally Strauch with 320 passing yards. Lynn McCarthy, Wally Strauch, and Bob Kraus were the team captains.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [34, 34], "content_span": [35, 243]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074920-0000-0000", "contents": "1957 Kansas State Wildcats football team\nThe 1957 Kansas State Wildcats football team represented Kansas State University in the 1957 NCAA University Division football season. The team's head football coach was Bus Mertes. The Wildcats played their home games in Memorial Stadium. 1957 saw the Wildcats finish with a record of 3\u20136\u20131, and a 2\u20134 record in Big Seven Conference play. The Wildcats scored only 124 points while giving up 166. The finished tied for fifth in the Big Seven.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [40, 40], "content_span": [41, 483]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074921-0000-0000", "contents": "1957 Kategoria e Dyt\u00eb\nThe 1957 Kategoria e Dyt\u00eb was the 12th season of a second-tier association football league in Albania. The season started in March and ended in August. It's up to Puna Shkod\u00ebr to win the 1957 championship and thus ensure promotion to the First  Division, overcoming the competition of Puna Berat to which even the play-off in three matches with Puna Kavaj\u00eb, penultimate in the major series, will not be in favor. Due to the dissolution of Spartaku Tiran\u00eb, relegated from the first division, at the end of the 1957 season, the Puna Peshkopi, last classified, manages not to return immediately to the regional divisions.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [21, 21], "content_span": [22, 640]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074921-0001-0000", "contents": "1957 Kategoria e Dyt\u00eb, Promotion playoffs\nThe second team of Kategoria e Dyt\u00eb played in three matches promotion playoffs with the 7th of the National Championship (all in Tirana).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [23, 41], "content_span": [42, 179]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074922-0000-0000", "contents": "1957 Kent State Golden Flashes football team\nThe 1957 Kent State Golden Flashes football team was an American football team that represented Kent State University  in the Mid-American Conference (MAC) during the 1957 NCAA University Division football season. In their 12th season under head coach Trevor J. Rees, the Golden Flashes compiled a 3\u20136 record (1\u20135 against MAC opponents), finished in seventh place in the MAC, and were outscored by all opponents by a combined total of 138 to 114.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [44, 44], "content_span": [45, 491]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074922-0001-0000", "contents": "1957 Kent State Golden Flashes football team\nThe team's statistical leaders included Ron Fowler with 508 rushing yards, Ken Horton with 304 passing yards, and Dick Mihalus with 100 receiving yards.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [44, 44], "content_span": [45, 197]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074923-0000-0000", "contents": "1957 Kentucky Derby\nThe 1957 Kentucky Derby was the 83rd running of the Kentucky Derby. The race took place on May 4, 1957.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [19, 19], "content_span": [20, 123]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074923-0001-0000", "contents": "1957 Kentucky Derby\nOf note, future U.S. Racing Hall of Fame inductee John H. Adams finished eighth and his son John R. Adams finished ninth.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [19, 19], "content_span": [20, 141]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074923-0002-0000", "contents": "1957 Kentucky Derby\nThe race was unique in that it featured 3 future members of the Hall of Fame: Gallant Man, Round Table, and Bold Ruler. However, none of them won the race. It is considered by many to be the greatest Derby field of all time.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [19, 19], "content_span": [20, 244]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074923-0003-0000", "contents": "1957 Kentucky Derby\nOne of the most infamous moments in Derby history also occurred during the 1957 stretch run. Bill Shoemaker, aboard Gallant Man, misjudged the finish, mistaking the 16th pole for the wire. He stood in his saddle for just a second, but it was enough to ruin Gallant Man's momentum and allow Iron Liege to rally up the inside and beat Gallant Man by a nose.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [19, 19], "content_span": [20, 375]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074923-0004-0000", "contents": "1957 Kentucky Derby\nGallant Man would go on to win the Belmont Stakes a few weeks later. Fourth place finisher Bold Ruler won the Preakness Stakes and was the sire of the great Secretariat.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [19, 19], "content_span": [20, 189]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074924-0000-0000", "contents": "1957 Kentucky Wildcats football team\nThe 1957 Kentucky Wildcats football team were an American football team that represented the University of Kentucky as a member of the Southeastern Conference during the 1957 NCAA University Division football season. In their fourth season under head coach Blanton Collier, the team compiled a 3\u20137 record (1\u20137 in the SEC).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [36, 36], "content_span": [37, 359]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074925-0000-0000", "contents": "1957 Kerala Legislative Assembly election\nThe Kerala Legislative Assembly election of 1957 was the first assembly election in the Indian state of Kerala. The Communist Party of India won the election with 60 seats. The election led to the formation of first democratically elected communist government in India.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 41], "section_span": [41, 41], "content_span": [42, 311]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074925-0001-0000", "contents": "1957 Kerala Legislative Assembly election, State Reorganization\nOn 1 November 1956, under the States Reorganisation Act, 1956, Kerala was formed by the merger of Travancore-Cochin state with the Malabar district (including Fort Cochin and the Laccadive Islands) of Madras State, Kasaragod taluk of the South Canara district and the Amindive Islands. The southern part of Travancore-Cochin, the five taluks of Agastheeswaram, Thovala, Kalkulam, Vilavahcode, and Shencotta, were transferred from Travancore-Cochin to the Madras State. After the reorganization, the assembly constituencies increased from 106 with 117 seats in 1954 to 114 with 126 seats in 1957.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 41], "section_span": [43, 63], "content_span": [64, 659]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074925-0002-0000", "contents": "1957 Kerala Legislative Assembly election, Background\nFollowing the States Reorganisation Act, 1956, the Malabar District of Madras state merged with Travancore-Cochin to form the new state of Kerala on 1 November 1956. The merger helped the Communist Party of India to increase their base in the region. The ruling Indian National Congress lost the prominence due to the factionalism within the party. Furthermore, communalism and struggles against feudalism played a major role.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 41], "section_span": [43, 53], "content_span": [54, 480]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074925-0003-0000", "contents": "1957 Kerala Legislative Assembly election, Election\nThe Election Commission of India conducted elections to the newly created state between 28 February \u2013 11 March 1957. The elections were held to the 126 seats (114 constituencies) including 12 two member constituencies of which 11 and one reserved for Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes respectively, in which 406 candidates were contested. The voter turnout was 65.49%.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 41], "section_span": [43, 51], "content_span": [52, 424]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074925-0004-0000", "contents": "1957 Kerala Legislative Assembly election, Results\nIn the election, five women candidates were elected out of nine candidates.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 41], "section_span": [43, 50], "content_span": [51, 126]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074925-0005-0000", "contents": "1957 Kerala Legislative Assembly election, Government formation\nCommunist Party of India formed the government with the support of five independents. On 5 April 1957, E. M. S. Namboodiripad became the chief minister of Kerala and first non\u2013Congress chief minister of the country (PSP ruled Travencore Cochin state before). But the government was dismissed in 1959 by the central government following the Liberation Struggle.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 41], "section_span": [43, 63], "content_span": [64, 424]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074926-0000-0000", "contents": "1957 Kilkenny Senior Hurling Championship\nThe 1957 Kilkenny Senior Hurling Championship was the 63rd staging of the Kilkenny Senior Hurling Championship since its establishment by the Kilkenny County Board.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 41], "section_span": [41, 41], "content_span": [42, 206]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074926-0001-0000", "contents": "1957 Kilkenny Senior Hurling Championship\nOn 1 December 1957, John Locke's won the championship after a 4-04 to 0-05 defeat of Slieverue in the final. It remains their only championship triumph.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 41], "section_span": [41, 41], "content_span": [42, 194]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074927-0000-0000", "contents": "1957 LFF Lyga\nThe 1957 LFF Lyga was the 36th season of the LFF Lyga football competition in Lithuania. It was contested by 14 teams, and Elnias \u0160iauliai won the championship.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 13], "section_span": [13, 13], "content_span": [14, 174]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074928-0000-0000", "contents": "1957 LPGA Championship\nThe 1957 LPGA Championship was the third LPGA Championship, held June 6\u201310 at Churchill Valley Country Club in Blackridge, Pennsylvania, a suburb east of Pittsburgh. It concluded on Monday, after rain washed out play on Saturday.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [22, 22], "content_span": [23, 252]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074928-0001-0000", "contents": "1957 LPGA Championship\nLouise Suggs, president of the LPGA, shot a final round 68 (\u22122) to win her only LPGA Championship, three strokes ahead of runner-up Wiffi Smith. Defending champion Marlene Hagge and 1955 winner Beverly Hanson finished two strokes behind Smith, in a tie for third. Smith, age 20, led after each of the first three rounds, but carded a 74 (+4) in the final round on Monday. She won eight events on the LPGA Tour in her career, but no majors. It was the tenth of eleven major titles for Suggs.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [22, 22], "content_span": [23, 513]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074928-0002-0000", "contents": "1957 LPGA Championship\nThe field consisted of 26 professionals; a concurrent event for amateurs was also held. The championship returned to Churchill Valley the next year in 1958 and the course hosted its third major the following year, the U.S. Women's Open in 1959. The club closed in 2013.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [22, 22], "content_span": [23, 292]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074929-0000-0000", "contents": "1957 LPGA Tour\nThe 1957 LPGA Tour was the eighth season since the LPGA Tour officially began in 1950. The season ran from January 11 to October 21. The season consisted of 25 official money events. Patty Berg and Betsy Rawls won the most tournaments, five each. Berg led the money list with earnings of $16,272.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [14, 14], "content_span": [15, 311]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074929-0001-0000", "contents": "1957 LPGA Tour\nThere was only one first-time winner in 1957, Wiffi Smith.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [14, 14], "content_span": [15, 73]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074929-0002-0000", "contents": "1957 LPGA Tour, Tournament results\nThe following table shows all the official money events for the 1957 season. \"Date\" is the ending date of the tournament. The numbers in parentheses after the winners' names are the number of wins they had on the tour up to and including that event. Majors are shown in bold.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [16, 34], "content_span": [35, 310]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074930-0000-0000", "contents": "1957 LSU Tigers football team\nThe 1957 LSU Tigers football team represented Louisiana State University during the 1957 NCAA University Division football season. Under head coach Paul Dietzel, the Tigers had a record of 5\u20135 with an SEC record of 4\u20134. It was Dietzel's third season as head coach at LSU.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [29, 29], "content_span": [30, 301]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074931-0000-0000", "contents": "1957 La Fl\u00e8che Wallonne\nThe 1957 La Fl\u00e8che Wallonne was the 21st edition of La Fl\u00e8che Wallonne cycle race and was held on 4 May 1957. The race started in Charleroi and finished in Li\u00e8ge. The race was won by Raymond Impanis.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [23, 23], "content_span": [24, 223]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074932-0000-0000", "contents": "1957 Labour Party Shadow Cabinet election\nElections to the Labour Party's Shadow Cabinet (more formally, its \"Parliamentary Committee\") occurred in November 1957. In addition to the 12 members elected, the Leader (Hugh Gaitskell), Deputy Leader (Jim Griffiths), Labour Chief Whip (Herbert Bowden), Labour Leader in the House of Lords (A. V. Alexander) were automatically members.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 41], "section_span": [41, 41], "content_span": [42, 379]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074933-0000-0000", "contents": "1957 Lady Wigram Trophy\nThe 1957 Lady Wigram Trophy was a motor race held at the Wigram Airfield Circuit on 25 January 1957. It was the sixth Lady Wigram Trophy to be held and was won by Peter Whitehead in the Ferrari 555/860 for the third time in succession.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [23, 23], "content_span": [24, 259]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074934-0000-0000", "contents": "1957 Lafayette Leopards football team\nThe 1957 Lafayette Leopards football team was an American football team that represented Lafayette College during the 1957 NCAA University Division football season. Lafayette finished last in the Middle Three Conference.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [37, 37], "content_span": [38, 258]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074934-0001-0000", "contents": "1957 Lafayette Leopards football team\nIn their sixth and final year under head coach Steve Hokuf, the Leopards compiled a 4\u20134 record, but lost both games to their conference opponents. William Harrick and Joseph Bozik were the team captains.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [37, 37], "content_span": [38, 241]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074934-0002-0000", "contents": "1957 Lafayette Leopards football team\nLike many college campuses, Lafayette was hit hard by an outbreak of Asian flu in October. The Leopards won their Oct. 5 game against Buffalo despite having nine players, including seven starters, confined to bed. The list of influenza patients grew to greater than 20 over the following week, prompting the college to cancel a scheduled Oct. 12 matchup with Delaware.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [37, 37], "content_span": [38, 406]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074934-0003-0000", "contents": "1957 Lafayette Leopards football team\nLafayette played its home games at Fisher Field on College Hill in Easton, Pennsylvania.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [37, 37], "content_span": [38, 126]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074935-0000-0000", "contents": "1957 Lamar Tech Cardinals football team\nThe 1957 Lamar Tech Cardinals football team competed at the NCAA College Division level as a member of the Lone Star Conference. The Cardinals finished the season as Lone Star Conference champions with an 8\u20130\u20132 record overall and a 5\u20130\u20132 conference record.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [39, 39], "content_span": [40, 296]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074936-0000-0000", "contents": "1957 Latvian SSR Higher League, Overview\nIt was contested by 10 teams, and Sarkanais Metalurgs won the championship.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 40], "content_span": [41, 116]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074937-0000-0000", "contents": "1957 Le Mans Six Hour Production Car Race (Caversham)\nThe 1957 Le Mans Six Hour Production Car Race was an endurance motor race staged at the Caversham Circuit in Western Australia on 3 June 1957. The event, which included classes for \"Sports cars\" and \"Closed cars\", was the third annual \"Six Hour Le Mans\" race to be staged at Caversham. The race was won by Sydney Anderson and Sid Taylor driving an Austin-Healey 100-4, the win being the third consecutive \"Six Hour Le Mans\" victory by the pair.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 53], "section_span": [53, 53], "content_span": [54, 498]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074937-0001-0000", "contents": "1957 Le Mans Six Hour Production Car Race (Caversham), Results\nThe total number of starters in the race is unknown.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 53], "section_span": [55, 62], "content_span": [63, 115]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074937-0002-0000", "contents": "1957 Le Mans Six Hour Production Car Race (Caversham), Results\nThe winning car covered 350 miles (564 km) at an average speed of 64 mph (103 km/h).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 53], "section_span": [55, 62], "content_span": [63, 147]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074938-0000-0000", "contents": "1957 Lebanese general election\nGeneral elections were held in Lebanon between 9 and 23 June 1957. Independent candidates won the majority of seats. Voter turnout was 53.2%.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [30, 30], "content_span": [31, 172]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074939-0000-0000", "contents": "1957 Leeds City Council election\nThe Leeds municipal elections were held 9 May 1957, with one third of the council up for election, alongside extra vacancies in the City, Halton and Woodhouse wards.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [32, 32], "content_span": [33, 198]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074939-0001-0000", "contents": "1957 Leeds City Council election\nMuch like the national picture, with Labour winning record representation on borough councils, Labour outstripped their prior efforts, defending all of their 1954 gains as well as gaining in Beeston and Harehills \u2013 two wards they failed to win in their peak of 1952, despite accruing only a modest swing of 1.2% swing (although they had come within a vote to taking the former the previous year). Unlike 1952 or the year before, Labour failed to gain Wortley this time, as the Liberal damage to the Conservative vote was unwound. The two gains increased Labour's majority to 28, mirroring the Conservatives' after their triumphant 1951 election. Turnout rose to 36.2% following last year's plummet to the low thirties.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [32, 32], "content_span": [33, 751]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074939-0002-0000", "contents": "1957 Leeds City Council election, Election result\nThe result had the following consequences for the total number of seats on the council after the elections:", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 49], "content_span": [50, 157]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074940-0000-0000", "contents": "1957 Lehigh Engineers football team\nThe 1957 Lehigh Engineers football team was an American football team that represented Lehigh University during the 1957 NCAA College Division football season. Lehigh won the Middle Three Conference championship and the inaugural small-college Lambert Cup.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [35, 35], "content_span": [36, 292]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074940-0001-0000", "contents": "1957 Lehigh Engineers football team\nIn their 12th year under head coach William Leckonby, the Engineers compiled an 8\u20131 record, defeating both of their conference opponents. Dan Nolan and Pete Williamswere the team captains.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [35, 35], "content_span": [36, 224]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074940-0002-0000", "contents": "1957 Lehigh Engineers football team\nIn December, the Engineers were the first-ever recipients of the Lambert Cup, an award for the season's best small-college football team in the East. Lehigh was honored alongside Navy, which won the large-college Lambert Trophy; both were lauded as proof that a university could field a competitive football team without compromising its academic standards.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [35, 35], "content_span": [36, 393]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074940-0003-0000", "contents": "1957 Lehigh Engineers football team\nLehigh played its home games at Taylor Stadium on the university campus in Bethlehem, Pennsylvania.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [35, 35], "content_span": [36, 135]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074941-0000-0000", "contents": "1957 Leicester South East by-election\nThe 1957 Leicester South East by-election was held on 28 November 1957. It was held due to the resignation of the incumbent Conservative MP, Charles Waterhouse. The by-election was won by the Conservative candidate John Peel whose only opponent was the future Speaker, Betty Boothroyd standing for the first time for Labour.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [37, 37], "content_span": [38, 362]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074942-0000-0000", "contents": "1957 Lewisham North by-election\nThe Lewisham North by-election of 14 February 1957 was held following the death of Conservative Member of Parliament (MP) Sir Austin Hudson, 1st Baronet the previous year. In a defeat for the Conservative government, the seat was gained by the Labour Party.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [31, 31], "content_span": [32, 289]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074942-0001-0000", "contents": "1957 Lewisham North by-election, Candidates\nThe Conservative Party chose Norman Farmer as their candidate for the seat, which had been held by the party since its creation in 1950.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 43], "content_span": [44, 180]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074942-0002-0000", "contents": "1957 Lewisham North by-election, Candidates\nThe Labour Party candidate was Niall MacDermot, the son of an Irish barrister. Himself a successful lawyer, he had only joined the party the previous year after fearing that his involvement in an earlier manslaughter case would preclude any political ambitions. MacDermot's mentor within the party, Elwyn Jones, persuaded him to run for election.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 43], "content_span": [44, 390]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074942-0003-0000", "contents": "1957 Lewisham North by-election, Candidates\nLeslie Greene ran as an \"independent loyalist\" candidate. Although an independent she was actively supported by the right-wing pressure group the League of Empire Loyalists. Greene, the group's organising secretary, had gained notoriety the previous year when she interrupted a speech by Anthony Eden, typical of the sort of headline-grabbing stunt favoured by the group at the time.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 43], "content_span": [44, 427]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074943-0000-0000", "contents": "1957 Liechtenstein general election\nGeneral elections were held in Liechtenstein on 1 September 1957. The Progressive Citizens' Party won eight of the 15 seats in the Landtag, but remained in coalition with the Patriotic Union.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [35, 35], "content_span": [36, 227]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074944-0000-0000", "contents": "1957 Liga Espa\u00f1ola de Baloncesto\nThe 1957 Liga Espa\u00f1ola de Baloncesto season was the first season of the Liga Espa\u00f1ola de Baloncesto. The season ended with Real Madrid winning their first championship.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [32, 32], "content_span": [33, 201]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074944-0001-0000", "contents": "1957 Liga Espa\u00f1ola de Baloncesto, Teams\nThe league was composed by 6 teams and played with a double round-robin format. The league was played in 50 days (March 31\u2013May 19) at only two venues: Fiesta Alegre in Madrid and Palacio de los Deportes in Barcelona.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 39], "content_span": [40, 256]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074945-0000-0000", "contents": "1957 Limerick Senior Hurling Championship\nThe 1957 Limerick Senior Hurling Championship was the 63rd staging of the Limerick Senior Hurling Championship since its establishment by the Limerick County Board in 1887.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 41], "section_span": [41, 41], "content_span": [42, 214]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074945-0001-0000", "contents": "1957 Limerick Senior Hurling Championship\nCappamore were the defending champions, however, they were defeated by St. Patrick's.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 41], "section_span": [41, 41], "content_span": [42, 127]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074945-0002-0000", "contents": "1957 Limerick Senior Hurling Championship\nOn 29 September 1957, Claughaun won the championship after a 7-07 to 3-02 defeat of St. Patrick's in the final. It was their sixth championship title overall and their first championship title since 1926.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 41], "section_span": [41, 41], "content_span": [42, 246]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074946-0000-0000", "contents": "1957 Little League World Series\nThe 1957 Little League World Series took place during August 21 through 23 in Williamsport, Pennsylvania. Industrial Little League of Monterrey, Nuevo Le\u00f3n, Mexico, defeated Northern La Mesa Little League of La Mesa, California, in the championship game of the 11th Little League World Series. \u00c1ngel Mac\u00edas threw the first and, to date, only perfect game in an LLWS championship.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [31, 31], "content_span": [32, 411]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074946-0001-0000", "contents": "1957 Little League World Series\nThis was the first LLWS to invite teams from qualifying regions: North, South, East, and West. Monterrey, representing the South region, became the first team from outside the United States or Canada to participate in a LLWS, and the first non-U.S. team to win a championship.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [31, 31], "content_span": [32, 308]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074946-0002-0000", "contents": "1957 Little League World Series, Industrial Little League of Monterrey\nIn early July 1957, the team from Monterrey crossed the U.S. border to compete in an area tournament in McAllen, Texas. The team were issued three-day passes by the U.S. consul office in Monterrey; the plan was to play for one day and sightsee for two more. Two months later, the team returned to Monterrey. Their money had run out after three days, and phone calls to Washington were needed to allow the team to extend their stay in the U.S. until they were eliminated. They never were.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 70], "content_span": [71, 558]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074946-0002-0001", "contents": "1957 Little League World Series, Industrial Little League of Monterrey\nLed by ambidextrous pitcher \u00c1ngel Mac\u00edas, the legendary Monterrey team won six tournaments, including the South Region tournament and the Little League World Series. The team was called Los peque\u00f1os gigantes (\"The little giants\"). Two movies are based on their story: a Mexican production, Los Peque\u00f1os Gigantes (1960), and The Perfect Game (2009). Episode 296 of the Futility Closet podcast covers the team and their Little League World Series championship.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 70], "content_span": [71, 529]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074946-0003-0000", "contents": "1957 Little League World Series, Championship bracket\nCalifornia's first game was played a day later than planned, due to illness within the team, resulting in the third-place game also being delayed a day.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 53], "content_span": [54, 206]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074947-0000-0000", "contents": "1957 Liverpool City Council election\nElections to Liverpool City Council were held on Thursday 9 May 1957.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [36, 36], "content_span": [37, 106]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074947-0001-0000", "contents": "1957 Liverpool City Council election, Ward results\nThe Councillors seeking re-election at this election were elected in 1954 for a three-year term, therefore comparisons are made with the 1954 election results.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 50], "content_span": [51, 210]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074948-0000-0000", "contents": "1957 Liverpool Garston by-election\nThe Liverpool Garston by-election of 5 December 1957 was held after the resignation of Conservative Party MP Sir Victor Raikes.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [34, 34], "content_span": [35, 162]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074948-0001-0000", "contents": "1957 Liverpool Garston by-election\nThe seat was safe for the Conservatives, having been won at the 1955 United Kingdom general election by nearly 12,000 votes.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [34, 34], "content_span": [35, 159]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074949-0000-0000", "contents": "1957 Li\u00e8ge\u2013Bastogne\u2013Li\u00e8ge\nThe 1957 Li\u00e8ge\u2013Bastogne\u2013Li\u00e8ge was the 43rd edition of the Li\u00e8ge\u2013Bastogne\u2013Li\u00e8ge cycle race and was held on 5 May 1957. The race started and finished in Li\u00e8ge. The race was won by two riders, Frans Schoubben and Germain Derycke.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [25, 25], "content_span": [26, 252]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074949-0001-0000", "contents": "1957 Li\u00e8ge\u2013Bastogne\u2013Li\u00e8ge\nGermain Derycke was first over the line, but because he crossed a closed rail crossing, the second-place rider, Frans Schoubben, was promoted to first as well. Derijcke was not disqualified, because he had won by three minutes advantage; judges felt he had not gained that much time from illegally crossing the railway.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [25, 25], "content_span": [26, 345]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074950-0000-0000", "contents": "1957 Long Beach State 49ers football team\nThe 1957 Long Beach State 49ers football team represented Long Beach State College during the 1957 NCAA College Division football season. The 49ers were in their third year of existence. 1957 was the first year the 49ers played in the California Collegiate Athletic Association (CCAA). They had played as an independent since they started in 1955.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 41], "section_span": [41, 41], "content_span": [42, 389]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074950-0001-0000", "contents": "1957 Long Beach State 49ers football team\nThe team was led by head coach Mike DeLotto, in his third year, and played home games at Veterans Stadium adjacent to the campus of Long Beach City College in Long Beach, California. They finished the season with a record of three wins and five losses (3\u20135, 0\u20133 CCAA).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 41], "section_span": [41, 41], "content_span": [42, 310]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074950-0002-0000", "contents": "1957 Long Beach State 49ers football team, Team players in the NFL\nNo Long Beach State 49ers were selected in the 1958 NFL Draft.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 41], "section_span": [43, 66], "content_span": [67, 129]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074951-0000-0000", "contents": "1957 Los Angeles Rams season\nThe 1957 Los Angeles Rams season was the team's 20th year with the National Football League and the 12th season in Los Angeles.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [28, 28], "content_span": [29, 156]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074951-0001-0000", "contents": "1957 Los Angeles Rams season, Season highlights\nThe Los Angeles Rams set an all-time National Football League attendance record in 1957, playing before a total of 1,051,106 fans in a total of 19 home and away games, including pre-season contests. This attendance total exceeded any previous cumulative total for an American football team at any level of competition, including the college and professional levels. Topping the one game record, the team drew an astounding 102,368 fans to the Los Angeles Memorial Coliseum to see a November 10 contest between the Rams and their in-state rivals, the San Francisco 49ers.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 47], "content_span": [48, 618]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074951-0002-0000", "contents": "1957 Los Angeles Rams season, Season highlights\nThe 1957 season would be the last in a Rams uniform for quarterback and punter Norm Van Brocklin, the team's starting signal caller since 1950. Van Brocklin passed for 20 touchdowns on the year, gaining 2,105 yards in the air, but gave up 21 costly interceptions, contributing to the team's 4th-place finish in the Western Conference. The team also parted ways at the end of the 1957 season with top receiver Elroy Hirsch, a veteran of 9 NFL seasons.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 47], "content_span": [48, 498]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074951-0003-0000", "contents": "1957 Los Angeles Rams season, Season highlights\nDefensively, the Rams limited their opponents to nearly 300 fewer yards on the ground and 75 yards via the pass than the totals put up by themselves. The pass defense was headed by linebacker Les Richter, who led the team with 4 interceptions.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 47], "content_span": [48, 291]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074951-0004-0000", "contents": "1957 Los Angeles Rams season, Schedule, Standings\nNote: Tie games were not officially counted in the standings until 1972.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 49], "content_span": [50, 122]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074952-0000-0000", "contents": "1957 Los Angeles State Diablos football team\nThe 1957 Los Angeles State Diablos football team represented Los Angeles State during the 1957 NCAA College Division football season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [44, 44], "content_span": [45, 178]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074952-0001-0000", "contents": "1957 Los Angeles State Diablos football team\nLos Angeles State competed in the California Collegiate Athletic Association (CCAA). The team was led by seventh-year head coach Leonard (Bud) Adams, who had been the leader of the team since the school started playing intercollegiate football in 1951. The Diablos played four home games at four separate sites. They finished the season with a record of five wins and four losses (5\u20134, 1\u20131 CCAA).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [44, 44], "content_span": [45, 441]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074952-0002-0000", "contents": "1957 Los Angeles State Diablos football team, Team players in the NFL\nThe following Los Angeles State players were selected in the 1958 NFL Draft.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [46, 69], "content_span": [70, 146]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074953-0000-0000", "contents": "1957 Los Angeles mayoral election\nThe 1957 election for Mayor of Los Angeles took place on April 2, 1957. Incumbent Norris Poulson was re-elected.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [33, 33], "content_span": [34, 146]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074954-0000-0000", "contents": "1957 Louisiana Tech Bulldogs football team\nThe 1957 Louisiana Tech Bulldogs football team was an American football team that represented the Louisiana Polytechnic Institute (now known as Louisiana Tech University) as a member of the Gulf States Conference during the 1957 NCAA College Division football season. In their seventeenth year under head coach Joe Aillet, the team compiled a 6\u20134 record and finished as Gulf States Conference champion.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 42], "section_span": [42, 42], "content_span": [43, 445]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074955-0000-0000", "contents": "1957 Louisville Cardinals football team\nThe 1957 Louisville Cardinals football team was an American football team that represented the University of Louisville as an independent during the 1957 NCAA College Division football season. In its 12th season under head coach Frank Camp, the team compiled a 9\u20131 record and defeated Drake in the Sun Bowl. The team played its home games at Fairgrounds Stadium in Louisville, Kentucky.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [39, 39], "content_span": [40, 426]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074955-0001-0000", "contents": "1957 Louisville Cardinals football team\nLeonard \"Bones\" Lyles led the nation in scoring. He also set Louisville records for points in a season and in a career, yards gained in a season, and most rushing yards in a career.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [39, 39], "content_span": [40, 221]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074956-0000-0000", "contents": "1957 Maccabiah Games\nTwenty countries sent 980 athletes to compete in the 1957 5th Maccabiah Games, an international Jewish athletics competition similar to the Olympics.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [20, 20], "content_span": [21, 170]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074956-0001-0000", "contents": "1957 Maccabiah Games\nThe presence of many world-class Jewish athletes elevated the quality of competition. The athletes had been housed in the newly built Maccabiah Village.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [20, 20], "content_span": [21, 173]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074956-0002-0000", "contents": "1957 Maccabiah Games\nRosenberg lived in Germany at that time, but Germany didn't have a team in that Maccabiah, so he competed for France.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [20, 20], "content_span": [21, 138]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074956-0003-0000", "contents": "1957 Maccabiah Games, Notable medalists\nAbie Grossfeld of the United States dominated the Games, winning seven golds in seven gymnastics events: AA, R, PH, FX, HB, PB, & V.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [22, 39], "content_span": [40, 172]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074956-0004-0000", "contents": "1957 Maccabiah Games, Notable medalists\nIn fencing, British Olympian and world champion Allan Jay won three gold medals. In track, Harry Kane of Britain won the 400 meter hurdles and took a silver medal in the 200 meter hurdles, with a time of 25.3 seconds.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [22, 39], "content_span": [40, 257]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074956-0005-0000", "contents": "1957 Maccabiah Games, Notable medalists\nIn fencing, American Byron Krieger, two-time Pan American Games gold-medal winner, won individual Gold in sabre and individual Bronze in foil.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [22, 39], "content_span": [40, 182]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074956-0006-0000", "contents": "1957 Maccabiah Games, Notable medalists\nIn weightlifting, Isaac Berger became the first athlete to establish a world record in the State of Israel, pressing 258 pounds (117\u00a0kg) in Featherweight competition for the US, a year after winning an Olympic gold medal.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [22, 39], "content_span": [40, 261]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074956-0007-0000", "contents": "1957 Maccabiah Games, Notable medalists\nBen Helfgott, a concentration camp survivor, won the weightlifting gold medal in the lightweight class for Great Britain for the third Games in a row.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [22, 39], "content_span": [40, 190]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074956-0008-0000", "contents": "1957 Maccabiah Games, Notable medalists\nReuven Helman competed in shot-put, javelin, the decathlon and weightlifting. Helman came in second in 1957 in the Maccabiah Games.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [22, 39], "content_span": [40, 171]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074956-0009-0000", "contents": "1957 Maccabiah Games, Participating communities\nThe number in parentheses indicates the number of participants that community contributed.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [22, 47], "content_span": [48, 138]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074957-0000-0000", "contents": "1957 Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly election\nElections to the Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly were held on 25 February 1957. 1,108 candidates contested for the 218 constituencies in the Assembly. There were 69 two-member constituencies and 149 single-member constituencies.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 49], "section_span": [49, 49], "content_span": [50, 282]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074957-0001-0000", "contents": "1957 Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly election, State Reorganization\nOn 1 November 1956, under States Reorganisation Act, 1956, Madhya Bharat (except the Sunel enclave of the Mandsaur district), Vindhya Pradesh, Bhopal State and the Sironj sub-division of the Kota district of Rajasthan were merged into Madhya Pradesh while the Marathi-speaking districts of Nagpur Division, (namely Buldana, Akola, Amravati, Yeotmal, Wardha, Nagpur, Bhandara and Chanda), were transferred to Bombay State. This resulted in increase in assembly constituencies from 184 with 232 seats to 218 constituencies with 288 seats during 1957 elections.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 49], "section_span": [51, 71], "content_span": [72, 630]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074958-0000-0000", "contents": "1957 Madras Legislative Assembly election\nThe second legislative assembly election to the Madras state (presently Tamil Nadu) was held on 31 March 1957. This was the first election held after the linguistic reorganization of Madras state in 1954. Indian National Congress and its leader K. Kamaraj won the election, and defeated its rival Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam. In 1954, due to the resignation of C. Rajagopalachari, for his controversial Kula Kalvi Thittam, the leadership of Congress was contested, between K. Kamaraj, and C. Subramaniam (who got the support of M. Bhaktavatsalam).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 41], "section_span": [41, 41], "content_span": [42, 587]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074958-0000-0001", "contents": "1957 Madras Legislative Assembly election\nEventually, K. Kamaraj, won the support of the party, was elected leader and chief minister of Madras State in 1954. In a surprise move, he appointed both M. Bhaktavatsalam and C. Subramaniam, in his cabinet, allowing great unity amongst Congress, that ruled the state of Madras, for the next decade. This election saw future DMK leaders, M. Karunanidhi and K. Anbazhagan winning their first MLA seat in the legislative assembly.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 41], "section_span": [41, 41], "content_span": [42, 471]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074958-0001-0000", "contents": "1957 Madras Legislative Assembly election, Delimitation and reorganisation\nOn 1 October 1953, a separate Andhra State consisting of the Telugu-speaking areas of the composite Madras State was formed and the Kannada-speaking area of Bellary District was merged with the then Mysore State. This reduced the strength of the Legislative Assembly to 231.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 41], "section_span": [43, 74], "content_span": [75, 349]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074958-0002-0000", "contents": "1957 Madras Legislative Assembly election, Delimitation and reorganisation\nOn 1 November 1956, the States Reorganisation Act 1956 took effect and consequently the constituencies in the erstwhile Malabar district were merged with the Kerala State. This further reduced the strength to 190. The Tamil-speaking area of Kerala (present day Kanyakumari district) and Shenkottah taluk were added to Madras State.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 41], "section_span": [43, 74], "content_span": [75, 406]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074958-0003-0000", "contents": "1957 Madras Legislative Assembly election, Delimitation and reorganisation\nAccording to the new Delimitation of Parliamentary and Assembly Constituencies Order 1956, made by the Delimitation Commission of India under the provisions of the State Reorganisation Act, 1956, the strength of the Madras Legislative Assembly was increased to 205. The 1957 elections were conducted for these 205 seats. In 1959, as result of The Andhra Pradesh and Madras (Alteration of Boundaries) Act 1959, one member from the Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly was allotted to Madras increasing its Legislative Assembly strength to 206.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 41], "section_span": [43, 74], "content_span": [75, 616]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074958-0004-0000", "contents": "1957 Madras Legislative Assembly election, Two member constituencies\nOut of the total 167 constituencies in the state, 38 were two member constituencies 37 of which had one reserved for Scheduled caste candidates and 1 for Scheduled tribe candidate. These constituencies were larger in size and had greater number of voters (more than 1,00,000) when compared to general constituencies. Two separate list of candidates, a general list and a reserved list, contested in those constituencies. Each voter had to cast two votes - one for each list.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 41], "section_span": [43, 68], "content_span": [69, 543]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074958-0005-0000", "contents": "1957 Madras Legislative Assembly election, Two member constituencies\nThis system led to anomalies. In some cases like the Coimbatore - II constituency in the 1957 election, both elected members belonged to the reserved list - the candidate with second highest number of votes in reserved list secured more votes than the highest vote getter in the general list. Multiple members were elected only in the 1952 and 1957 elections as double member representation was abolished in 1961 by the enactment of Two-Member Constituencies Abolition Act (1961).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 41], "section_span": [43, 68], "content_span": [69, 549]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074958-0006-0000", "contents": "1957 Madras Legislative Assembly election, Parties and issues\nIndian National Congress, Communist Party of India, Forward Bloc, Praja Socialist Party, Socialist Party, Congress Reform Committee (Indian National Democratic Congress) and Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam (DMK) were the major parties contesting this election. This was the first election contested by the DMK since its formation in 1949. The decision to contest elections was taken in 1956 at the party's Trichy conference. The party fielded its candidates in 8 Parliamentary and 117 assembly seats as independents, since it was not an officially recognised party.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 41], "section_span": [43, 61], "content_span": [62, 621]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074958-0006-0001", "contents": "1957 Madras Legislative Assembly election, Parties and issues\nThe increased Tamilian character of the Congress party after the appointment of K. Kamaraj, a non-Brahman as Chief Minister of Tamil Nadu, robbed DMK of its main electoral plank as the sole proponent of Tamil nationalism. It increasingly changed its focus to economic issues and slower industrialisation of the South as an election issue. The DMK election manifesto had a socialist image and creation of Dravida Nadu became a side issue as it had implicitly accepted the prevailing constitutional order.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 41], "section_span": [43, 61], "content_span": [62, 565]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074958-0007-0000", "contents": "1957 Madras Legislative Assembly election, Parties and issues\nPeriyar E. V. Ramasamy issued a statement in support of K. Kamaraj before the commencement of the election. In October 1956, the central executive of Dravidar Kazhagam resolved to support K. Kamaraj.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 41], "section_span": [43, 61], "content_span": [62, 261]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074958-0008-0000", "contents": "1957 Madras Legislative Assembly election, Parties and issues\nSince Mr. Kamaraj has done his best to serve the Tamilians, since he has changed Acharyar's educational system designed to perpetuate the caste system, since he has conferred many jobs and many benefits on Tamilians in the educational and other spheres and since the Brahman and DMK people are trying to oust him from power, it has become the duty of all Tamilians to support Mr. Kamaraj and his followers in the election", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 41], "section_span": [43, 61], "content_span": [62, 483]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074958-0009-0000", "contents": "1957 Madras Legislative Assembly election, Parties and issues\nK. Kamaraj accepted the support of Dravidar kazhagam and said if the Kazhagam canvassed vote for him out of their own free will, he could not possibly tell them he did not want their votes. He also made it clear that Congress party can not support a party which is communal in nature and he did not in any way share E. V. Ramasamy's views.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 41], "section_span": [43, 61], "content_span": [62, 401]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074958-0010-0000", "contents": "1957 Madras Legislative Assembly election, Parties and issues\nK. Kamaraj's decision to accept the support and provide candidacy to some former members of Dravidar Kazhagam caused division within Congress resulting in a new party called, Congress Reform Committee (CRC). Though the party was created in the last moment, it fielded candidates in 12 parliamentary and 55 assembly seats.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 41], "section_span": [43, 61], "content_span": [62, 383]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074958-0011-0000", "contents": "1957 Madras Legislative Assembly election, Voting and results\nDMK was not officially recognized as a party by the Election commission of India until 1962, so they were registered as an Independent party. Congress Reform Committee was the second and Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam was the third party in the assembly. Congress won 45% vote share, CRC 8% and DMK 14%.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 41], "section_span": [43, 61], "content_span": [62, 360]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074958-0012-0000", "contents": "1957 Madras Legislative Assembly election, Kamaraj's second cabinet\nKamaraj's council of ministers during his second tenure as chief minister (1 April 1957 \u2013 1 March 1962)", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 41], "section_span": [43, 67], "content_span": [68, 171]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074959-0000-0000", "contents": "1957 Maine Black Bears football team\nThe 1957 Maine Black Bears football team was an American football team that represented the University of Maine as a member of the Yankee Conference during the 1957 college football season. In its seventh season under head coach Harold Westerman, the team compiled a 4\u20133 record (2\u20132 against conference opponents) and finished third out of the six teams in the Yankee Conference championship. The team played its home games at Alumni Field in Orono, Maine. Vernon Moulton was the team captain.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [36, 36], "content_span": [37, 529]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074960-0000-0000", "contents": "1957 Major League Baseball All-Star Game\nThe 1957 Major League Baseball All-Star Game was the 24th playing of the midseason exhibition baseball game between the all-stars of the American League (AL) and National League (NL), the two leagues comprising Major League Baseball. The game was held on July 9, 1957, at Busch Stadium in St. Louis, Missouri, the home of the St. Louis Cardinals of the National League. The game was marked by controversy surrounding Cincinnati Redlegs fans stuffing the ballot box and electing all but one of their starting position players to the game. The game resulted in the American League defeating the National League 6\u20135.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [40, 40], "content_span": [41, 654]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074960-0001-0000", "contents": "1957 Major League Baseball All-Star Game, Game summary\nSix runs were scored in the final inning, three by each team, for an exciting ending as the American League eked out a 6-5 victory.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [42, 54], "content_span": [55, 186]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074960-0002-0000", "contents": "1957 Major League Baseball All-Star Game, Game summary\nThe game's scoring began in the second inning with a Mickey Mantle single, Ted Williams walk and Vic Wertz base hit, followed by walks to Yogi Berra and Harvey Kuenn that put the AL on top, 2-0. The score remained that way until the sixth, when a Moose Skowron double and Berra single made it 3-0.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [42, 54], "content_span": [55, 352]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074960-0003-0000", "contents": "1957 Major League Baseball All-Star Game, Game summary\nScoring twice in the seventh, the NL closed the gap with a two-run double by Gus Bell, pinch-hitting for Frank Robinson. In the ninth, the AL appeared to seal the victory with a two-run double by Al Kaline and RBI double by Minnie Mi\u00f1oso for a 6-2 advantage.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [42, 54], "content_span": [55, 313]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074960-0004-0000", "contents": "1957 Major League Baseball All-Star Game, Game summary\nStan Musial walked and Willie Mays tripled to begin the bottom of the ninth. After Ernie Banks delivered a run-scoring single, with its lead trimmed to 6-5, the AL brought in Bob Grim to face pinch-hitter Gil Hodges, who lined out to left field to end the game.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [42, 54], "content_span": [55, 316]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074960-0005-0000", "contents": "1957 Major League Baseball All-Star Game, Cincinnati voting controversy\nWhen fan voting to determine the game's starters was completed, no fewer than seven Cincinnati Redlegs players (Ed Bailey, Johnny Temple, Roy McMillan, Don Hoak, Frank Robinson, Gus Bell and Wally Post) had been elected to start in the All-Star Game, a record that still stands. The only non-Redleg elected for the National League was St. Louis Cardinal first baseman Stan Musial, who had only narrowly beaten his Reds counterpart George Crowe. Although Cincinnati had the second-best offense in the majors (they would score 747 runs that year, surpassed only by Milwaukee), most baseball observers felt they obviously did not deserve seven starters in the All-Star Game.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [42, 71], "content_span": [72, 743]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074960-0006-0000", "contents": "1957 Major League Baseball All-Star Game, Cincinnati voting controversy\nAn investigation was launched by Commissioner Ford Frick, which found that the majority of the ballots cast had come from Cincinnati; in fact, The Cincinnati Times-Star newspaper had printed up pre-marked ballots with the Cincinnati starting lineup on them, and distributed them with each day's paper to make it easy for Redlegs fans to vote often for their favorite players. Meanwhile, Burger Beer, a Redlegs sponsor, had printed 250,000 similar ballots and distributed them to local bars, and stories emerged of bartenders refusing to serve alcohol to customers until they filled out a ballot.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [42, 71], "content_span": [72, 667]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074960-0007-0000", "contents": "1957 Major League Baseball All-Star Game, Cincinnati voting controversy\nSubsequently, Frick suspended fans' voting rights, and appointed Willie Mays of the New York Giants and Hank Aaron of the Milwaukee Braves to substitute for Bell and Post. Bell was kept as a reserve (he would bat for Redlegs teammate Robinson in the seventh and slap a two-RBI double), while Post was injured and would have been unable to play in any event. Hoak and McMillan were each dismissed from the game after a single at-bat, in favour of future Hall of Famers Eddie Mathews and Ernie Banks, respectively. Temple batted twice before giving way to another future Cooperstown resident, Red Schoendienst. (Bailey caught the whole game, but was pinch-hit for in the bottom of the ninth.)", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [42, 71], "content_span": [72, 762]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074960-0008-0000", "contents": "1957 Major League Baseball All-Star Game, Cincinnati voting controversy\nManagers, players, and coaches picked the teams until fan voting rights were restored in 1970. To avoid a repeat of this incident, MLB officials evenly distributed the 26 million ballots for that year to 75,000 retail outlets and 150 minor and major league stadiums, while a special panel was also created to review the voting.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [42, 71], "content_span": [72, 399]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074960-0009-0000", "contents": "1957 Major League Baseball All-Star Game, Cincinnati voting controversy\nDespite these (and other subsequent) measures, teams and media outlets still tell fans to vote for their favorite players instead of the best players; while the voting for the All-Star Game has remained a popularity contest, it is to a lesser extent than in 1957.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [42, 71], "content_span": [72, 335]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074960-0010-0000", "contents": "1957 Major League Baseball All-Star Game, Rosters\nPlayers in italics have since been inducted into the National Baseball Hall of Fame.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [42, 49], "content_span": [50, 134]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074961-0000-0000", "contents": "1957 Major League Baseball season\nThe 1957 Major League Baseball season was played from April 15 to October 10, 1957. The National League's Brooklyn Dodgers and New York Giants played their final seasons as New York City-based franchises before their moves to California for the 1958 season, leaving New York without a National League team until the birth of the Mets in 1962.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [33, 33], "content_span": [34, 376]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074962-0000-0000", "contents": "1957 Malayan local elections\nLocal elections were held in the Federation of Malaya in 1957.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [28, 28], "content_span": [29, 91]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074963-0000-0000", "contents": "1957 Marquette Warriors football team\nThe 1957 Marquette Warriors football team was an American football team that represented Marquette University as an independent during the 1957 NCAA University Division football season. In its second season under head coach John F. Druze, the team compiled a 0\u201310 record and was outscored by a total of 237 to 68. The 1957 season was part of a 20-game losing streak that began in November 1955 and continued through the end of the 1957 season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [37, 37], "content_span": [38, 481]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074963-0001-0000", "contents": "1957 Marquette Warriors football team\nThe team played its home games at Marquette Stadium (one game) and County Stadium (four games) in Milwaukee. The move to County Stadium, combined with a losing record, saw attendance drop to 5,953 and 4,719 for the final two home games against Pacific and Penn State.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [37, 37], "content_span": [38, 305]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074964-0000-0000", "contents": "1957 Marshall Thundering Herd football team\nThe 1957 Marshall Thundering Herd football team was an American football team that represented Marshall University in the Mid-American Conference (MAC) during the 1957 NCAA College Division football season. In its fifth season under head coach Herb Royer, the team compiled a 6\u20133 record (4\u20132 against conference opponents), finished in third place out of seven teams in the MAC, and outscored opponents by a total of 120 to 112. Jim Simpson and Herb Hess were the team captains. The team played its home games at Fairfield Stadium in Huntington, West Virginia.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 43], "section_span": [43, 43], "content_span": [44, 603]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074965-0000-0000", "contents": "1957 Maryland Terrapins football team\nThe 1957 Maryland Terrapins football team represented the University of Maryland in the 1957 NCAA University Division football season as a member of the Atlantic Coast Conference. They were led by second-year head coach Tommy Mont, who guided Maryland to a 5\u20135 record, which proved to be the only non-losing season in his three-year tenure. One highlight of the season was the attendance of Elizabeth II and The Duke of Edinburgh at the game against North Carolina.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [37, 37], "content_span": [38, 503]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074965-0001-0000", "contents": "1957 Maryland Terrapins football team, Before the season\nMaryland returned a deep and experienced team for 1957. Sports Illustrated gave an optimistic appraisal and predicted the team would be ready to come back from the previous season's poor result. It noted, \"The line has experience and depth. The backfield only lacks speed.\" Moreover, sophomore guard Rodney Breedlove (who previously played on the freshman team) was a highly touted prospect.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [39, 56], "content_span": [57, 448]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074965-0002-0000", "contents": "1957 Maryland Terrapins football team, Season\nIn the season opener, second-ranked Texas A&M beat Maryland, 21\u201313. Although defeated, the Daytona Beach Morning Journal called the Terrapins' effort \"impressive\". Before the game against NC State, Mont worried about the inexperience of his team, particularly his quarterback Dickie Lewis and three sophomore linemen. The Wolfpack routed Maryland, 48\u201313, and NC State halfback Dick Christy scored three touchdowns, which included a 96-yard kickoff return. Maryland did not tally until the third quarter, when back Howie Dare returned a kickoff for a score.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [39, 45], "content_span": [46, 602]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074965-0003-0000", "contents": "1957 Maryland Terrapins football team, Season\nThe following week, Maryland lost to fourth-ranked Duke, 14\u20130, but escaped without any injuries, which The Baltimore Sun considered \"a major victory in itself\". Against Wake Forest, Mont put in third-string senior quarterback John Fritsch late in the first half. He led the team to score two touchdowns before halftime, and then led a 72-yard drive for the final score in the fourth quarter. Maryland won, 27\u20130.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [39, 45], "content_span": [46, 457]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074965-0004-0000", "contents": "1957 Maryland Terrapins football team, Season\nThe highlight of the season was the home game against 14th-ranked North Carolina (3\u20131), which featured a return to College Park by former head coach Jim Tatum and the attendance of Elizabeth II. During a visit to the United States, the Queen had expressed a desire to watch her first game of American football. In the first quarter, Maryland halfback Howard Dare fumbled and North Carolina linebacker Jack Lineberger recovered the ball on the Terrapins' 44-yard line. North Carolina was subsequently forced to punt, but recovered it at the Maryland 35 yard-line.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [39, 45], "content_span": [46, 608]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074965-0004-0001", "contents": "1957 Maryland Terrapins football team, Season\nOn the ensuing possession, Tar Heel halfback Daley Goff rushed 11 yards for a touchdown. In the third quarter, Maryland gained excellent field position when Goff received a bad punt snap, and the Terps took over on the Carolina 38-yard line. Maryland quarterback Bob Rusevlyan later scored on a one-yard sneak. In the fourth quarter, halfback Ted Kershner broke away for an 81-yard touchdown run to take the lead, 14\u20137. Soon after, Fullback Jim Joyce capped a 67-yard drive with a 13-yard rush for a score. With a final result of 21\u20137, the Maryland players carried Mont to the Queen and Prince Philip's box. Mont said it was a day that \"I will revel in for the rest of my life.\"", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [39, 45], "content_span": [46, 724]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074965-0005-0000", "contents": "1957 Maryland Terrapins football team, Season\nTennessee remained in control against Maryland throughout the game. Maryland kicked off to start the game, and Terrapins guard Rod Breedlove recovered the ball on the Volunteers' 18-yard line. His team, however, was unable to convert for any points in its subsequent possession, and fell inches short of the end zone. For the remainder of the game, Maryland was able to advance only once into opposing territory, and then to just the 37-yard line. Tennessee won, 16\u20130.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [39, 45], "content_span": [46, 514]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074965-0006-0000", "contents": "1957 Maryland Terrapins football team, Season\nMaryland edged South Carolina, 10\u20136, behind quarterback John Fritsch's first quarter field goal and a point after touchdown conversion on a score in the final quarter. A week later, Maryland recovered four Clemson fumbles, but the Tigers took control in the third quarter. Quarterback Harvey White passed for two touchdowns, and tailback George Usry and fullback Bob Spooner each tallied as well. Clemson won with the final result of 26\u20137.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [39, 45], "content_span": [46, 485]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074965-0007-0000", "contents": "1957 Maryland Terrapins football team, Season\nMaryland then met eight-point favorites Miami, which boasted a stout defense. Fritsch gave the Terrapins an early lead with a first quarter field goal. Fullback Phil Perlo later scored on a short run, and quarterback Bob Rusevlyan's \"accurate arm\" connected with tailback Howie Dare for Maryland's final tally, which resulted in a 16\u20136 upset. Rusevlyan again led Maryland to victory, 12\u20130, in a mud-soaked season finale against Virginia.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [39, 45], "content_span": [46, 483]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074965-0008-0000", "contents": "1957 Maryland Terrapins football team, After the season\nThe Terrapins improved from the previous season and compiled a 5\u20135 record, which proved to be the best during Coach Mont's tenure. Maryland's 4\u20133 record in the ACC put the Terrapins in a tie for third place in the conference.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [39, 55], "content_span": [56, 281]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074966-0000-0000", "contents": "1957 Masters Tournament\nThe 1957 Masters Tournament was the 21st Masters Tournament, held April 4\u20137 at Augusta National Golf Club in Augusta, Georgia. This was the first Masters played with a 36-hole cut; 101 players started and forty made the cut at 150\u00a0(+6).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [23, 23], "content_span": [24, 260]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074966-0001-0000", "contents": "1957 Masters Tournament\nDoug Ford won his only Masters, three strokes ahead of runner-up Sam Snead, a three-time champion. Snead was the third round leader, but could only shoot even-par in a round that included six birdies and six bogeys. Ford was three strokes back after 54 holes, but was bogey-free on Sunday. On the final hole, Ford holed out from the bunker for birdie for his 66 (\u20136). This was Ford's second and final major title; he also won the 1955 PGA Championship.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [23, 23], "content_span": [24, 476]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074966-0002-0000", "contents": "1957 Masters Tournament\nThis year was the Masters debut of Gary Player, age 21, and he tied for 24th. He won three Masters, in 1961, 1974, and 1978. Five-time British Open winner Peter Thomson was fifth, his best career finish in the Masters. Amateur Harvie Ward was fourth at even-par 288, five strokes behind Ford.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [23, 23], "content_span": [24, 316]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074966-0003-0000", "contents": "1957 Masters Tournament\nTwo-time champion Ben Hogan had finished in the top ten in the last fourteen Masters that he had entered, but had 32 putts on Friday and missed the event's first-ever cut by a stroke. It was the only cut he missed at Augusta; in nine more Masters he had three top ten finishes, including his final appearance at age 54 in 1967.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [23, 23], "content_span": [24, 351]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074966-0004-0000", "contents": "1957 Masters Tournament, Field\nThis was the last year when professionals were invited based solely on qualification in amateur events.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 30], "content_span": [31, 134]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074966-0005-0000", "contents": "1957 Masters Tournament, Field\nJack Burke Jr. (4,8,10,11), Jimmy Demaret, Claude Harmon (10), Ben Hogan (2,3,4,8,9), Herman Keiser, Cary Middlecoff (2,8,9,11), Byron Nelson (2,4), Henry Picard (4), Gene Sarazen (2,3,4), Horton Smith, Sam Snead (3,4,8,9,10,11), Craig Wood", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 30], "content_span": [31, 271]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074966-0006-0000", "contents": "1957 Masters Tournament, Field\nJulius Boros (8,9), Billy Burke, Jack Fleck, Ed Furgol (8,9,10), Lawson Little (5), Tony Manero, Lloyd Mangrum (8), Fred McLeod, Sam Parks Jr., Lew Worsham", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 30], "content_span": [31, 186]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074966-0007-0000", "contents": "1957 Masters Tournament, Field\nWalter Burkemo (8), Doug Ford (8,9,11), Vic Ghezzi, Bob Hamilton, Chick Harbert (11), Chandler Harper (11), Johnny Revolta, Paul Runyan, Jim Turnesa (8)", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 30], "content_span": [31, 183]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074966-0008-0000", "contents": "1957 Masters Tournament, Field\nDick Chapman (a), Charles Coe (a), Joe Conrad (6), Gene Littler (8), Billy Maxwell (9), Arnold Palmer (8,9), Skee Riegel, Frank Stranahan (8), Sam Urzetta (8), Bud Ward, Harvie Ward (6,7,a)", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 30], "content_span": [31, 220]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074966-0009-0000", "contents": "1957 Masters Tournament, Field\nWilliam C. Campbell (a), Don Cherry (a), Bruce Cudd (a), Jimmy Jackson (a), Ed Meister (a), Dale Morey (a), Billy Joe Patton (8,9,a), Hillman Robbins (8,a), Dick Yost (a)", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 30], "content_span": [31, 201]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074966-0010-0000", "contents": "1957 Masters Tournament, Field\nRex Baxter (a), Arnold Blum (a), Joe Campbell (a), Sarg Fontanini (a), Ted Gleichmann (a), Chuck Kocsis (a)", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 30], "content_span": [31, 138]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074966-0011-0000", "contents": "1957 Masters Tournament, Field\nJerry Barber (9,11), Tommy Bolt (9,11), Pete Cooper (9), Dow Finsterwald, Shelley Mayfield, Al Mengert, Johnny Palmer, Bob Rosburg, Mike Souchak, Ken Venturi (9)", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 30], "content_span": [31, 192]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074966-0012-0000", "contents": "1957 Masters Tournament, Field\nErrie Ball, Johnny Bulla, Billy Casper, Wes Ellis, Fred Haas, Dutch Harrison, Jay Hebert, Bob Kay, Ted Kroll (10,11), Bill Ogden, Bob Toski", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 30], "content_span": [31, 170]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074966-0013-0000", "contents": "1957 Masters Tournament, Field\nAl Balding, Henry Cotton (9), Bruce Crampton, Stan Leonard (8), Jerry Magee (7,a), Moe Norman, Gary Player, Peter Thomson (8), Harry Weetman, Trevor Wilkes", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 30], "content_span": [31, 186]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074967-0000-0000", "contents": "1957 Mauritanian Territorial Assembly election\nTerritorial Assembly elections were held in Mauritania on 31 March 1957. The result was a victory for the Mauritanian Progressive Union, which won 33 of the 34 seats. The other seat was won by an independent candidate in the Baie du Levrier constituency.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 46], "section_span": [46, 46], "content_span": [47, 301]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074968-0000-0000", "contents": "1957 Meath Intermediate Football Championship\nThe 1957 Meath Intermediate Football Championship is the 31st edition of the Meath GAA's premier club Gaelic football tournament for intermediate graded teams in County Meath, Ireland. The tournament consists of 16 teams. The championship format consists of a group stage before progressing to a knock-out stage.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 45], "section_span": [45, 45], "content_span": [46, 358]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074968-0001-0000", "contents": "1957 Meath Intermediate Football Championship\nThis was the first year that the Junior 'B' (or Division II) Championship was implemented.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 45], "section_span": [45, 45], "content_span": [46, 136]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074968-0002-0000", "contents": "1957 Meath Intermediate Football Championship\nCarnaross and Duleek were regraded from the 1956 S.F.C. and coincidentally both teams made this season's I.F.C. final.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 45], "section_span": [45, 45], "content_span": [46, 164]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074968-0003-0000", "contents": "1957 Meath Intermediate Football Championship\nAt the end of the season Drumbaragh, Navan O'Mahonys 'B', Nobber, Salesian College, Shale Rovers, Syddan 'B' and Trim 'B' all applied to be regraded to the 1958 J.A.F.C.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 45], "section_span": [45, 45], "content_span": [46, 215]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074968-0004-0000", "contents": "1957 Meath Intermediate Football Championship\nOn 15 September 1957, Carnaross claimed their 1st Intermediate championship title in front of roughly 500 paid entrants when they defeated Duleek 1-20 to 0-5 in the final at Pairc Tailteann, and thus made the straight bounce back to senior level.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 45], "section_span": [45, 45], "content_span": [46, 292]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074968-0005-0000", "contents": "1957 Meath Intermediate Football Championship, Team changes\nThe following teams have changed division since the 1956 championship season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 45], "section_span": [47, 59], "content_span": [60, 137]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074968-0006-0000", "contents": "1957 Meath Intermediate Football Championship, Group stage\nThere are 2 groups called Group A and B. The top finisher in each group will qualify for the Final. Many results were unavailable in the Meath Chronicle.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 45], "section_span": [47, 58], "content_span": [59, 212]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074969-0000-0000", "contents": "1957 Meath Senior Football Championship\nThe 1957 Meath Senior Football Championship is the 65th edition of the Meath GAA's premier club Gaelic football tournament for senior graded teams in County Meath, Ireland. The tournament consists of 10 teams. For this season, the championship trialed a straight knock-out format.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [39, 39], "content_span": [40, 320]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074969-0001-0000", "contents": "1957 Meath Senior Football Championship\nNo club was promoted from the 1956 Meath Intermediate Football Championship title. Navan O'Mahonys 'B' beat Dunshaughlin in the '56 final however due to the rule that no club may field two teams in the one grade, they were denied promotion. Dunshaughlin didn't enter a team in either the S.F.C. or I.F.C. for 1957.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [39, 39], "content_span": [40, 354]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074969-0002-0000", "contents": "1957 Meath Senior Football Championship\nSyddan were the defending champions after they defeated Skryne in the previous years final, however they lost their crown at the Quarter-Final stage this year.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [39, 39], "content_span": [40, 199]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074969-0003-0000", "contents": "1957 Meath Senior Football Championship\nNavan O'Mahonys were crowned S.F.C. champions for the second time when defeating Skryne 0-11 to 1-7 in the final at Pairc Tailteann on 8 September 1957. Peter McKeever raised the Keegan Cup for the Hoops.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [39, 39], "content_span": [40, 244]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074969-0004-0000", "contents": "1957 Meath Senior Football Championship\nAt the end of the season Donaghmore were regraded to the 1958 I.F.C.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [39, 39], "content_span": [40, 108]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074969-0005-0000", "contents": "1957 Meath Senior Football Championship, Team Changes\nThe following teams have changed division since the 1956 championship season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 53], "content_span": [54, 131]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074969-0006-0000", "contents": "1957 Meath Senior Football Championship, Round 1\n4 of the 10 teams play in this round by random draw.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 48], "content_span": [49, 101]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074969-0007-0000", "contents": "1957 Meath Senior Football Championship, Quarter-Finals\nThe remaining 6 teams along with the 2 winners from Round 1 play each other in this round.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 55], "content_span": [56, 146]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074970-0000-0000", "contents": "1957 Meistaradeildin, Overview\nIt was contested by 5 teams, and K\u00cd Klaksv\u00edk won the championship.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [22, 30], "content_span": [31, 97]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074971-0000-0000", "contents": "1957 Memorial Cup\nThe 1957 Memorial Cup final was the 39th junior ice hockey championship of the Canadian Amateur Hockey Association (CAHA). The Flin Flon Bombers won their first Memorial Cup championship by defeating the Ottawa Junior Canadiens four games to three in a best-of-seven final series held at the Whitney Forum and the Regina Exhibition Stadium. CAHA second vice-president Gordon Juckes oversaw the scheduling and discipline for the national playoffs.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [17, 17], "content_span": [18, 464]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074971-0001-0000", "contents": "1957 Memorial Cup, Western Canada playoffs\nPrior to the playoffs, the Manitoba Junior Hockey League (MJHL) requested permission for its champion to be allowed three additional players on its roster if the team reached the Western Canada final. When the request was approved by a vote of Canadian Amateur Hockey Association (CAHA) branch presidents, the Flin Flon Bombers and the Saskatchewan Junior Hockey League (SJHL) objected despite a ruling by CAHA president Jimmy Dunn that the decision was made according to the CAHA constitution.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 42], "content_span": [43, 537]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074971-0002-0000", "contents": "1957 Memorial Cup, Western Canada playoffs\nThe Winnipeg Tribune reported that the decision had \"started the old country-city mud-slinging campaign\". Flin Flon Daily Miner editor Harry Miles wrote that, \"Jimmy Dunn in Winnipeg [was] shovelling new players into the Winnipeg junior club with reckless abandon\", and implied that Winnipeg had long dominated amateur sports in Manitoba and that the decisions of various sports associations made it more difficult for Flin Flon to compete. When supporters of the Bombers hanged Dunn in effigy, he responded by saying \"All I hope is that the effigy looked like me. I'd hate to think they had hanged somebody else by mistake\".", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 42], "content_span": [43, 668]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074971-0003-0000", "contents": "1957 Memorial Cup, Western Canada playoffs\nThe Bombers defeated the Edmonton Oil Kings four wins to two in their best-of-seven semifinal series, and the Fort William Canadians defeated the Winnipeg Monarchs four wins to three with one tied game in the other semifinal. The SJHL requested permission for the Bombers to add players to its roster for the Western Canada final which was declined in a vote by CAHA branch presidents. In the best-of-seven final, the Bombers defeated the Canadians in four consecutive games to capture the Abbott Cup as champions of Western Canada and advance to the Memorial Cup final.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 42], "content_span": [43, 613]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074971-0004-0000", "contents": "1957 Memorial Cup, Eastern Canada playoffs\nThe Ottawa Junior Canadiens participated in the Eastern Canada junior playoffs as an independent team which played exhibition games instead of scheduled league games. The Junior Canadiens won the first two games of the semifinal series by scores of 9\u20133 and 14\u20130 over the Ottawa Shamrocks, and the best-of-five series was aborted. In the Eastern Canada final, the Junior Canadiens defeated the Guelph Biltmore Mad Hatters with four wins and a tie in a best-of-seven series to capture the George Richardson Memorial Trophy and advance to the Memorial Cup final.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 42], "content_span": [43, 602]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074971-0005-0000", "contents": "1957 Memorial Cup, Memorial Cup final\nThe Junior Canadiens arrived late for the first scheduled match in the best-of-seven final series. Ottawa's coach Sam Pollock stated that the CAHA advised the team to fly to Winnipeg, despite that flying was against team policy. The team was further delayed after the first two attempts for a charter from Winnipeg to Flin Flon both failed, and the third attempt was not available until a day later. CAHA second vice-president Gordon Juckes oversaw the playoffs and admitted that mistakes were made in planning transportation.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 37], "content_span": [38, 564]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074971-0006-0000", "contents": "1957 Memorial Cup, Memorial Cup final\nPollock criticized the CAHA for scheduling games in Flin Flon, which he felt gave the Bombers an unfair advantage as opposed to playing at a neutral location. He was also critical of the hospitality and amenities in the town which upset the local community. Bombers' president Jimmy Wardle responded by saying, \"Flin Flon citizens are up in arms over criticism levelled at the town and its facilities by Ottawa [Junior Canadiens] officials who do not recognize, apparently, any part of Canada west of Ottawa\".", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 37], "content_span": [38, 547]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074971-0007-0000", "contents": "1957 Memorial Cup, Memorial Cup final\nPollock was ejected from game five for excessive vocal criticism on the on-ice officials during the second period, and later said that Flin Flon \"can't win it honestly with that type of refereeing\". Ernie Fedoruk wrote in the Regina Leader-Post that Pollock had \"questioned the ancestry of the referees\". The CAHA felt that Pollock's comments had a detrimental effect on the on-ice officials, and warned him that he would be suspended for any repeat incident.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 37], "content_span": [38, 497]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074971-0008-0000", "contents": "1957 Memorial Cup, Memorial Cup final\nThe Bombers became the first team from Western Canada since 1948 to win the Memorial Cup, when they defeated the Junior Canadiens by a 3\u20132 score in the seventh game. The Bombers were welcomed at the train station in Flin Flon by an estimated 4,000 cheering fans, the Hudson Bay Mining and Smelting Pipe Band, the Flin Flon School Band, and the local Navy League Cadet Corps drum and bugle band.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 37], "content_span": [38, 432]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074971-0009-0000", "contents": "1957 Memorial Cup, Memorial Cup final\nAt the 1957 CAHA general meeting, delegates agreed to recommendations to prevent a repeat of mistakes and verbal outbursts by team officials. Motions were approved to have written policies for choosing the location of the finals, the methods of travel used by the teams, and for disciplinary sanctions.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 37], "content_span": [38, 340]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074971-0010-0000", "contents": "1957 Memorial Cup, Memorial Cup final, Winning roster\nPlayers: Barry Beatty, Jean Gauthier, Patty Ginnell, Harvey Fleming, Carl Forster, Ted Hampson, Ron Hutchinson, Mike Kardash, George Konik, Orland Kurtenbach, Rod Lee, Cliff Lennartz, Mel Pearson, Duane Rupp, Ken Wiley, George Wood", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 53], "content_span": [54, 285]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074972-0000-0000", "contents": "1957 Memphis State Tigers football team\nThe 1957 Memphis State Tigers football team was an American football team that represented Memphis State University (now known as the University of Memphis) as an independent during the 1957 NCAA College Division football season. In their eleventh season under head coach Ralph Hatley, Memphis State compiled a 6\u20134 record.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [39, 39], "content_span": [40, 362]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074973-0000-0000", "contents": "1957 Men's British Open Squash Championship\nThe 1957 Open Championship was held at the Lansdowne Club in London from 20 March - 25 March. Roshan Khan won the title defeating Hashim Khan in the final. This was the first ever defeat for Hashim Khan in the open championships.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 43], "section_span": [43, 43], "content_span": [44, 273]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074973-0001-0000", "contents": "1957 Men's British Open Squash Championship\nAnother Khan appeared, this time in the form of 17-year-old Mo Khan, nephew of Hashim Khan and Azam Khan.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 43], "section_span": [43, 43], "content_span": [44, 149]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074974-0000-0000", "contents": "1957 Merdeka Tournament\nThe first edition of the Merdeka Tournament was held in August and September 1957 in Malaya (now Malaysia). It was won by Hong Kong League XI. Singapore won a consolation tournament for teams that did not qualify for the final round.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [23, 23], "content_span": [24, 257]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074974-0001-0000", "contents": "1957 Merdeka Tournament, First round\nA series of knockout ties was held to determine which teams would compete in the second round. The match between South Vietnam and Singapore required a replay as the score was level at the end of the first match.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 36], "content_span": [37, 249]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074974-0002-0000", "contents": "1957 Merdeka Tournament, Second round\nThe winning teams from the first round played a series of matches against one another. The team finishing top of the group was the tournament winner.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 37], "content_span": [38, 187]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074974-0003-0000", "contents": "1957 Merdeka Tournament, Consolation Tournament\nThe losing teams from the first round played a series of matches against one another as a consolation tournament. The team finishing top of the group was the winner of this tournament.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 47], "content_span": [48, 232]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074974-0004-0000", "contents": "1957 Merdeka Tournament, Notes\n1. One source (P.S.S.I, \"Kenang-Kenangan P.S.S.I. 50th 19 April 1930 \u2013 19 April 1980\", 1980.) report this match as a 4\u20132 victory to Malaya.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 30], "content_span": [31, 170]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074975-0000-0000", "contents": "1957 Mestaruussarja\nThe 1957 season was the twenty-seventh completed season of Finnish Football League Championship, known as the Mestaruussarja.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [19, 19], "content_span": [20, 145]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074975-0001-0000", "contents": "1957 Mestaruussarja, Overview\nThe Mestaruussarja was administered by the Finnish Football Association and the competition's 1957 season was contested by 10 teams. HPS Helsinki won the championship  and qualified for the 1958\u201359 European Cup first round, while the two lowest placed teams of the competition, KIF Helsinki and KoRe Kotka, were relegated to the Suomensarja.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [21, 29], "content_span": [30, 371]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074976-0000-0000", "contents": "1957 Miami Hurricanes football team\nThe 1957 Miami Hurricanes football team represented the University of Miami as an independent during the 1957 NCAA University Division football season. Led by tenth-year head coach Andy Gustafson, the Hurricanes played their home games at Burdine Stadium in Miami, Florida. Miami finished the season 5\u20134\u20131.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [35, 35], "content_span": [36, 342]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074977-0000-0000", "contents": "1957 Miami Redskins football team\nThe 1957 Miami Redskins football team was an American football team that represented Miami University in the Mid-American Conference (MAC) during the 1957 NCAA University Division football season. In its second season under head coach John Pont, Miami compiled a 6\u20133 record (5\u20130 against MAC opponents), won the MAC championship, and outscored all opponents by a combined total of 163 to 137.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [33, 33], "content_span": [34, 425]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074977-0001-0000", "contents": "1957 Miami Redskins football team\nMack Yoho was the team captain. The team's statistical leaders included Dave Thelen with 755 rushing yards, Ernie Jarvis with 197 passing yards and Harold Williams with 118 receiving yards.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [33, 33], "content_span": [34, 223]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074978-0000-0000", "contents": "1957 Michigan State Spartans football team\nThe 1957 Michigan State Spartans football team represented Michigan State University in the 1957 Big Ten Conference football season. In their fourth season under head coach Duffy Daugherty, the Spartans compiled an 8\u20131 overall record (5\u20131 against Big Ten opponents), finished in second place in the Big Ten Conference, and were ranked No. 3 in both the final AP Poll and the final Coaches Poll. Michigan State was named national champion by Dunkel System, an NCAA-designated major selector.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 42], "section_span": [42, 42], "content_span": [43, 533]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074978-0001-0000", "contents": "1957 Michigan State Spartans football team\nSix Spartans were selected as first-team players on the 1957 All-Big Ten Conference football team: quarterback Jim Ninowski (AP-1, UP-1); fullback Walt Kowalczyk (AP-1, UP-1); center Dan Currie (AP-1, UP-1); tackle Pat Burke (AP-1, UP-1); end Sam Williams (UP-1); and guard Ellison Kelly (UP-1).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 42], "section_span": [42, 42], "content_span": [43, 338]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074978-0002-0000", "contents": "1957 Michigan State Spartans football team\nThe 1957 Spartans won all three of their annual rivalry games. In the annual Indiana\u2013Michigan State football rivalry game, the Spartans defeated the Hoosiers by a 54 to 0 score. In the Notre Dame rivalry game, the Spartans defeated the Fighting Irish by a 34 to 6 score. And, in the annual Michigan\u2013Michigan State football rivalry game, the Spartans defeated the Wolverines by a 35 to 6 score.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 42], "section_span": [42, 42], "content_span": [43, 436]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074978-0003-0000", "contents": "1957 Michigan State Spartans football team\nIn non-conference play, the Spartans also defeated California, 19\u20130, and Kansas State, 27\u20139.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 42], "section_span": [42, 42], "content_span": [43, 135]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074979-0000-0000", "contents": "1957 Michigan Wolverines football team\nThe 1957 Michigan Wolverines football team represented the University of Michigan in the 1957 Big Ten Conference football season. In its 10th year under head coach Bennie Oosterbaan, Michigan compiled a 5\u20133\u20131 record (3\u20133\u20131 against conference opponents), finished in sixth place in the Big Ten, and outscored opponents by a combined total of 187 to 147.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [38, 38], "content_span": [39, 391]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074979-0001-0000", "contents": "1957 Michigan Wolverines football team\nLeft tackle Jim Orwig was the team captain. Left halfback Jim Pace received the team's most valuable player award, won the Chicago Tribune Silver Football as the most valuable player in the Big Ten, and was selected as a first-team All-American and All-Big Ten player.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [38, 38], "content_span": [39, 307]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074979-0002-0000", "contents": "1957 Michigan Wolverines football team\nThe team's statistical leaders included quarterback Jim Van Pelt with 629 passing yards, Jim Pace with 664 rushing yards, and left end Gary Prahst with 233 receiving yards.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [38, 38], "content_span": [39, 211]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074979-0003-0000", "contents": "1957 Michigan Wolverines football team, Statistical leaders\nMichigan's individual statistical leaders for the 1957 season include those listed below.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 59], "content_span": [60, 149]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074979-0004-0000", "contents": "1957 Michigan Wolverines football team, Players\nThe starting lineup of the 1957 football team was made up of the following players. Players who started at least four games are shown with their names in bold.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 47], "content_span": [48, 207]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074979-0005-0000", "contents": "1957 Michigan Wolverines football team, Awards and honors\nHonors and awards for the 1957 season went to the following individuals.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 57], "content_span": [58, 130]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074979-0006-0000", "contents": "1957 Michigan Wolverines football team, Coaching staff\nMichigan's 1957 coaching, training, and support staff included the following persons.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 54], "content_span": [55, 140]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074980-0000-0000", "contents": "1957 Milan\u2013San Remo\nThe 1957 Milan\u2013San Remo was the 48th edition of the Milan\u2013San Remo cycle race and was held on 19 March 1957. The race started in Milan and finished in San Remo. The race was won by Miguel Poblet.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [19, 19], "content_span": [20, 215]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074981-0000-0000", "contents": "1957 Mille Miglia\nThe 24. edizione Mille Miglia  was an auto race held on a course totalling 992.332 miles (1,597.004\u00a0km), made up entirely of public roads around Italy, mostly on the outer parts of the country on 11\u201312 May 1957. The route was based on a round trip between Brescia and Rome, with start/finish, in Brescia. It was the 3rd round of the 1957 World Sportscar Championship season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [17, 17], "content_span": [18, 392]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074981-0001-0000", "contents": "1957 Mille Miglia\nAs in previous years, the event was a race against the clock, as the cars were released at one-minute intervals. In the Mille Miglia, the smaller displacement, slower cars started first. Each car number related to their allocated start time. For example, Wolfgang von Trips\u2019s car had the number 532, he left Brescia at 5:32am, while the first cars had started late in the evening on the previous day. Some drivers went with navigators, others didn't; a number of local Italian drivers had knowledge of the routes being used and felt confident enough that they wouldn't need one.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [17, 17], "content_span": [18, 596]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074981-0002-0000", "contents": "1957 Mille Miglia\nThis race was won by Scuderia Ferrari driver Piero Taruffi without the aid of a navigator. He completed the 992-mile distance in 10 hours, 27 minutes and 47 seconds- an average speed of 94.841\u00a0mph (152.632\u00a0km/h). The Italian finished 3 minutes in front of his second-placed team-mate, the German driver, von Trips. Olivier Gendebien and Jacques Washer were next, ensuring Scuderia Ferrari finished 1-2-3.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [17, 17], "content_span": [18, 422]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074981-0003-0000", "contents": "1957 Mille Miglia, Report, Entry\nA total of 391 cars were entered for the event, across 25 classes based on engine sizes, ranging from up to 750cc to over 2.0-litre, for Grand Touring Cars, Touring Cars and Sport Cars. Of these, 310 cars started the event. The limit on the number of starts was reduced from previous years. The Auto Club of Brescia took steps to try to combat the unsportsmanlike tactics by which some competitors sought to negate the procedure of drawing lots for departure times.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 32], "content_span": [33, 498]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074981-0004-0000", "contents": "1957 Mille Miglia, Report, Entry\nEven though the event continued to count towards the World Sportscar Championship, only Ferrari and Maserati entered works teams. Officine Alfieri Maserati was in receivership but still managed to have two 450Ss for Stirling Moss and Jean Behra, a brand new 350S for Hans Herrmann and older 300S for the Italian Giorgio Scarlatti. Meanwhile, Scuderia Ferrari entered four Sports cars, to be driven by Taruffi, von Trips, Peter Collins and Alfonso de Portago. They also entered Olivier Gendebien in a Grand Touring car. Britain was represented by a single semi-works Jaguar D-Type, entered by the Scottish team Ecurie Ecosse for Ron Flockhart.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 32], "content_span": [33, 675]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074981-0005-0000", "contents": "1957 Mille Miglia, Report, Entry\nOne of the more unusual entrants was a Kurtis Kraft roadster for Akton Miller, a car constructed in the USA, with a powerful 6.4 litre Chrysler engine, mounted on a space-frame single seat chassis, designed for use on American oval circuits.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 32], "content_span": [33, 274]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074981-0006-0000", "contents": "1957 Mille Miglia, Race\nSoon after the race started, Maserati\u2019s hopes vanished. Before the event even started, Behra was out, having crashed his 450S during pre-test. As for Moss, he was forced to retire soon after the start having rather dangerously snapped a brake pedal and Herrmann did not get as far as the Ravenna checkpoint.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 23], "content_span": [24, 331]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074981-0007-0000", "contents": "1957 Mille Miglia, Race\nIn Guidizzolo, less than 40 miles from the finish in Brescia, de Portago\u2019s front tyre exploded. He lost control of the car; hit a telephone pole, jumped over a brook, hitting several spectators. The Ferrari then bounced back on the road, hitting more spectators, slid over the road, spinning, and ended up, wheels down, in a brook at the other side of the road. Besides de Portago, his American navigator Edmund Gunner Nelson, ten spectators \u2013 among them five children \u2013 lost their lives. A further 20 were injured. De Portago\u2019s body was found near the car, severed in half. Furthermore, Dutchman Joseph G\u00f6ttgens crashed his Triumph TR3 near Florence and would die of his injuries in a Florence hospital.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 23], "content_span": [24, 728]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074981-0008-0000", "contents": "1957 Mille Miglia, Race\nWhen Taruffi arrived back in Brescia, he was dueling with von Trips but had a three-minute advantage over him due to a later start time. Gendebien finished third, completing a top three sweep for Ferrari. Maserati experienced a debacle with only Scarlatti arriving in Brescia in fourth place overall, followed 15 minutes later by the Porsche 550 RS of Umberto Maglioli. Taruffi reached Brescia after racing for 10 hours and 27 minutes after he left Brescia at 05:35.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 23], "content_span": [24, 490]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074981-0009-0000", "contents": "1957 Mille Miglia, Race\nThree days after the race, the Italian government decreed the end of the Mille Miglia and banned all motor racing on the public roads of Italy. Taruffi thus became the last winner of this famous event.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 23], "content_span": [24, 225]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074981-0010-0000", "contents": "1957 Mille Miglia, Classification, Official Results\nOf the 310 starters, 172 were classified as finishers. Therefore, only a selection of notable racers has been listed below.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 51], "content_span": [52, 175]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074981-0011-0000", "contents": "1957 Mille Miglia, Standings after the race\nChampionship points were awarded for the first six places in each race in the order of 8-6-4-3-2-1. Manufacturers were only awarded points for their highest finishing car with no points awarded for positions filled by additional cars. Only the best 4 results out of the 6 races could be retained by each manufacturer. Points earned but not counted towards the championship totals are listed within brackets in the above table.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 43], "content_span": [44, 470]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074982-0000-0000", "contents": "1957 Milwaukee Braves season\nThe 1957 Milwaukee Braves season was the fifth in Milwaukee and the 87th overall season of the franchise. It was the year that the team won its first and only World Series championship while based in Milwaukee. The Braves won 95 games and lost 59 to win the National League pennant by eight games over the second-place St. Louis Cardinals.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [28, 28], "content_span": [29, 368]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074982-0001-0000", "contents": "1957 Milwaukee Braves season\nThe club went on to the 1957 World Series, where they faced the New York Yankees. Pitcher Lew Burdette was the star and Most Valuable Player, winning three games, including the crucial seventh game played in New York City.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [28, 28], "content_span": [29, 251]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074982-0002-0000", "contents": "1957 Milwaukee Braves season, Regular season, Season summary\nThe Braves finished the regular season with a 95\u201359 record, and they scored 772 runs while giving up 613. They played their home games in Milwaukee County Stadium, where they sold just over 2,220,000 tickets, tops in the National League.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 60], "content_span": [61, 298]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074982-0003-0000", "contents": "1957 Milwaukee Braves season, Regular season, Season summary, Offense\nThe Braves were led on offense by right fielder Hank Aaron, who won the National League Most Valuable Player award in just his fourth year in the major leagues. Fielding well in 151 games in right field, Aaron also led the National League with 118 runs scored, 44 home runs, a career high of 132 runs batted in, and 369 total bases. He also struck out just 58 times. Aaron also finished high in the league standings with 198 hits, a .322 batting average, and a .600 slugging percentage.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 69], "content_span": [70, 556]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074982-0004-0000", "contents": "1957 Milwaukee Braves season, Regular season, Season summary, Offense\nAnother offensive star was third baseman Eddie Mathews. On June 12, Mathews hit the 200th home run of his career. For the season, Matthews was second on the team with 167 hits, 109 runs scored, 32 home runs, 94 runs batted in, and 148 games played.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 69], "content_span": [70, 318]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074982-0005-0000", "contents": "1957 Milwaukee Braves season, Regular season, Season summary, Offense\nIn addition, the Braves' new second baseman, Red Schoendienst, was acquired in a trade on June 15, and he played in 93 games. Given up in this trade were Bobby Thomson (who was batting just .236) and Danny O'Connell (who was batting just .235). Wes Covington was the main replacement for Thomson in left field. Covington played in 96 games, batted .284, and batted in 65 runs, third on the team.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 69], "content_span": [70, 465]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074982-0006-0000", "contents": "1957 Milwaukee Braves season, Regular season, Season summary, Offense\nDel Crandall was the Braves' catcher in 118 of the 154 games. Del Rice was his primary backup, and he played in 54 games, including pinch-hitting.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 69], "content_span": [70, 216]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074982-0007-0000", "contents": "1957 Milwaukee Braves season, Regular season, Season summary, Pitching\nStarting pitcher Warren Spahn was the Cy Young Award winner as the best pitcher in Major League Baseball, the first left-handed pitcher to win the award. Spahn finished with 35 games started with a 21\u201311 record. He also relieved in four games, saving three of those. Spahn led the National League with 21 wins and 18 complete games, and he had a 2.69 earned-run average in 271 innings pitched. Spahn was backed up by starters Bob Buhl (18\u20137) and Lew Burdette (17\u20139).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 70], "content_span": [71, 537]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074982-0008-0000", "contents": "1957 Milwaukee Braves season, Regular season, Season summary, Manager\nFred Haney, coming off his good performance in 1956, managed the Braves for the entire season in 1957. Haney also led the Braves to the top of the regular-season standings in 1958 and 1959, including the 1958 World Series, but after 1959, he never managed another Major League team again, although he did become the general manager of the Los Angeles Angels.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 69], "content_span": [70, 428]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074982-0009-0000", "contents": "1957 Milwaukee Braves season, Regular season, Season summary, Injuries\nThe Braves overcame two serious injuries during the 1957 season that caused some players to miss large parts of the year. First baseman Joe Adcock was injured in mid-season, and only played in 65 games, in which he batted in 38 runs. Frank Torre filled in for him and batted .272 in 129 games. Center fielder Bill Bruton injured his knee after playing in just 79 games, missing the rest of the season. He was replaced by Andy Pafko, who played in 83 games.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 70], "content_span": [71, 527]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074982-0010-0000", "contents": "1957 Milwaukee Braves season, Player stats, Batting, Starters by position\nNote: Pos = Position; G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 73], "content_span": [74, 198]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074982-0011-0000", "contents": "1957 Milwaukee Braves season, Player stats, Batting, Other batters\nNote: G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 66], "content_span": [67, 175]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074982-0012-0000", "contents": "1957 Milwaukee Braves season, Player stats, Pitching, Starting pitchers\nNote: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 71], "content_span": [72, 182]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074982-0013-0000", "contents": "1957 Milwaukee Braves season, Player stats, Pitching, Other pitchers\nNote: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 68], "content_span": [69, 179]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074982-0014-0000", "contents": "1957 Milwaukee Braves season, Player stats, Pitching, Relief pitchers\nNote: G = Games pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; SV = Saves; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 69], "content_span": [70, 170]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074982-0015-0000", "contents": "1957 Milwaukee Braves season, 1957 World Series\nThis was the Braves' first World Championship since the \"Miracle Braves\" of 1914, and their only one while based in Milwaukee (out of two chances). To date, the Braves' only other World Championship came in the 1995 World Series, when the now-Atlanta Braves defeated the Cleveland Indians.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 47], "content_span": [48, 337]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074982-0016-0000", "contents": "1957 Milwaukee Braves season, 1957 World Series\nWorld Series MVP Lew Burdette won two games in Yankee Stadium and one game in Milwaukee County Stadium. Warren Spahn had the other Braves's victory.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 47], "content_span": [48, 196]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074982-0017-0000", "contents": "1957 Milwaukee Braves season, 1957 World Series, Summary\nNL Milwaukee Braves (4) vs. AL New York Yankees (3)", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 56], "content_span": [57, 108]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074982-0018-0000", "contents": "1957 Milwaukee Braves season, 1957 World Series, Composite line score\n1957 World Series (4\u20133): Milwaukee Braves (N.L.) over New York Yankees (A.L.)", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 69], "content_span": [70, 147]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074983-0000-0000", "contents": "1957 Minnesota Golden Gophers football team\nThe 1957 Minnesota Golden Gophers football team represented the University of Minnesota in the 1957 Big Ten Conference football season. In their fourth year under head coach Murray Warmath, the Golden Gophers compiled a 4\u20135 record and outscored their opponents by a combined total of 201 to 188.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 43], "section_span": [43, 43], "content_span": [44, 339]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074983-0001-0000", "contents": "1957 Minnesota Golden Gophers football team\nQuarterback Dick Larson received the team's Most Valuable Player award. Fullback Dick Borstad, offensive lineman Perry Gehring and offensive lineman Mike Svendsen were named Academic All-Big Ten.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 43], "section_span": [43, 43], "content_span": [44, 239]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074983-0002-0000", "contents": "1957 Minnesota Golden Gophers football team\nTotal attendance at five home games was 314,769, an average of 62,953. The largest crowd was against Purdue.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 43], "section_span": [43, 43], "content_span": [44, 152]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074984-0000-0000", "contents": "1957 Mississippi Southern Southerners football team\nThe 1957 Mississippi Southern Southerners football team was an American football team that represented Mississippi Southern College (now known as the University of Southern Mississippi) as an independent during the 1957 NCAA College Division football season. In their ninth year under head coach Thad Vann, the team compiled a 8\u20133 record.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 51], "section_span": [51, 51], "content_span": [52, 390]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074985-0000-0000", "contents": "1957 Mississippi State Maroons football team\nThe 1957 Mississippi State Maroons football team represented Mississippi State College during the 1957 NCAA University Division football season. The Maroons finished the season ranked in the AP Poll for the first time since 1942 and would not finish another season ranked until 1974. Head coach Wade Walker was named SEC Coach of the Year.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [44, 44], "content_span": [45, 384]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074986-0000-0000", "contents": "1957 Missouri Tigers football team\nThe 1957 Missouri Tigers football team was an American football team that represented the University of Missouri in the Big Seven Conference (Big 7) during the 1957 NCAA University Division football season. The team compiled a 5\u20134\u20131 record (3\u20133 against Big 7 opponents), finished in a tie for third place in the Big 7, and was outscored by its opponents by a combined total of 157 to 149. Frank Broyles was the head coach for the first and only season. The team played its home games at Memorial Stadium in Columbia, Missouri.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [34, 34], "content_span": [35, 561]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074986-0001-0000", "contents": "1957 Missouri Tigers football team\nThe team's statistical leaders included Hank Kuhlman with 554 rushing yards, 569 yards of total offense, and 48 points scored, Phil Snowden with 299 passing yards and 567 yards of total offense, and Charley James with 132 receiving yards.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [34, 34], "content_span": [35, 273]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074987-0000-0000", "contents": "1957 Mitropa Cup\nThe 1957 Mitropa Cup was the 17th season of the Mitropa football club tournament. It was won by Vasas who beat Vojvodina in the two-legged final 5\u20132 on aggregate.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 16], "section_span": [16, 16], "content_span": [17, 179]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074987-0001-0000", "contents": "1957 Mitropa Cup, Quarter-finals\n1 Rapid Wien beat MTK Budapest 4\u20131 in a play-off to qualify for the Semi-finals.2 Red Star beat Dukla Praha 1\u20130 in a play-off to qualify for the Semi-finals.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 16], "section_span": [18, 32], "content_span": [33, 190]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074987-0002-0000", "contents": "1957 Mitropa Cup, Semi-finals\n1 Rapid Wien withdrew from play-off and Vojvodina advanced to Final.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 16], "section_span": [18, 29], "content_span": [30, 98]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074988-0000-0000", "contents": "1957 Modena Grand Prix\nThe 5th Modena Grand Prix was a motor race, run to Formula One rules, held on 22 September 1957 at Autodromo di Modena, Modena, Italy. The race was run over two 40 lap heats of the circuit, taking the aggregate of the results, and was won by French driver Jean Behra in a Maserati 250F.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [22, 22], "content_span": [23, 309]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074988-0001-0000", "contents": "1957 Modena Grand Prix\nThis race, and the 1961 race, were the only two Modena Grands Prix run under Formula One rules.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [22, 22], "content_span": [23, 118]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074989-0000-0000", "contents": "1957 Monaco Grand Prix\nThe 1957 Monaco Grand Prix was a Formula One motor race held on 19 May 1957 at Monaco. It was race 2 of 8 in the 1957 World Championship of Drivers.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [22, 22], "content_span": [23, 171]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074989-0001-0000", "contents": "1957 Monaco Grand Prix, Race report\nDespite a hesitant start, Moss led away on the first lap from Collins, Fangio, and Hawthorn. On lap 4 coming out of the tunnel, there was mayhem. Moss went straight through the chicane, sending debris from the wrecked barrier crashing onto the circuit. Collins crashed through the quayside barriers trying to avoid it. Fangio and Brooks slowed to make their way through the carnage. Brooks' effort was for nought, being hit by Mike Hawthorn's Ferrari, which lost a wheel. Fangio took the lead from Brooks' damaged car and held it to the chequered flag.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [24, 35], "content_span": [36, 588]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074989-0002-0000", "contents": "1957 Monaco Grand Prix, Race report\nOn lap 96, with nine laps to go, von Trips lost a certain third place when his engine blew up. Brabham inherited it, but he in turn lost the place when the engine in his Cooper T43-Climax cut out at Casino five laps from the end. He coasted to the harbour and pushed the car home for 6th place.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [24, 35], "content_span": [36, 330]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074990-0000-0000", "contents": "1957 Mongolia earthquake\nThe 1957 Mongolia earthquake occurred on December 4. The earthquake resulted in thirty deaths, and the destruction of all houses in Dzun Bogd and Bayan Gobi. Subsidence, faulting and fissures occurred in the Bahar Uula and Ih Bogd Uul Mountains. The largest fissure was 250\u00a0km (160\u00a0mi) long with as much as 9\u201311\u00a0m (30\u201336\u00a0ft) of vertical and 3\u00a0m (9.8\u00a0ft) of horizontal offset. Because of the extremely sparse population in the area, this is perhaps the least damaging great earthquake to have occurred on land in the 20th century.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [24, 24], "content_span": [25, 554]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074991-0000-0000", "contents": "1957 Mongolian legislative election\nParliamentary elections were held in Mongolia on 16 June 1957. At the time, the country was a one-party state under the rule of the Mongolian People's Revolutionary Party. The MPRP won 178 of the 233 seats, with the remaining 55 seats going to non-party candidates, who had been chosen by the MPRP due to their social status. Voter turnout was reported to be 100%, with only 32 registered voters failing to cast a ballot.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [35, 35], "content_span": [36, 457]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074992-0000-0000", "contents": "1957 Montana Grizzlies football team\nThe 1957 Montana Grizzlies football team represented the University of Montana in the 1957 NCAA University Division football season as a member of the Skyline Conference. The Grizzlies were led by third-year head coach Jerry Williams, played their home games at Dornblaser Field and finished the season with a record of two wins and seven losses (2\u20137, 2\u20135 Skyline).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [36, 36], "content_span": [37, 402]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074993-0000-0000", "contents": "1957 Montana State Bobcats football team\nThe 1957 Montana State Bobcats football team was an American football team that represented Montana State University as an independent during the 1957 NCAA College Division football season. In its fifth and final season under head coach Tony Storti, the team compiled an 8\u20132 record. The team won 16 games without a loss during the 1956 and 1957 seasons before losing to Idaho State on October 19.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [40, 40], "content_span": [41, 437]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074994-0000-0000", "contents": "1957 Moroccan Grand Prix\nThe 1957 Moroccan Grand Prix (officially named the VI Grand Prix de Maroc) was a non-championship Formula One motor race held in 1957, with no points going towards the World Championship. It was held over 55 laps of the 7.651\u00a0km Ain-Diab Circuit on 27 October 1957.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [24, 24], "content_span": [25, 290]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074994-0001-0000", "contents": "1957 Moroccan Grand Prix\nThis race was won by French driver Jean Behra in a Maserati 250F winning by 30.1 seconds, from British driver Stuart Lewis-Evans in a Vanwall VW5 in second place, and another French driver Maurice Trintignant finishing third in a BRM P25.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [24, 24], "content_span": [25, 263]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074994-0002-0000", "contents": "1957 Moroccan Grand Prix\nThe race coincided with an outbreak of Asian flu amongst the Grand Prix community which explains the absence of Stirling Moss and the lacklustre performance of Fangio.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [24, 24], "content_span": [25, 192]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074995-0000-0000", "contents": "1957 Motocross World Championship\nThe 1957 Motocross Worl Championship was the 1st edition of the Motocross World Championship organized by the FIM and reserved for 500cc motorcycles.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [33, 33], "content_span": [34, 183]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074995-0001-0000", "contents": "1957 Motocross World Championship\nAfter five editions of the European Championship, from 1952 to 1956, the championship from 1957 took the name of the World Championship, at least for the 500cc class. The 250cc class, introduced this season, will also dispute five running-in seasons, from 1957 to 1961, a period in which it will take on the name of the European Cup, to become World Championship as well starting from the 1962 season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [33, 33], "content_span": [34, 435]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074995-0002-0000", "contents": "1957 Motocross World Championship, Final standings\nFrom May to August the 500cc didputed 9 grand prix were held which awarded points to the first six classified, respectively: 8, 6, 4, 3, 2, 1. The score in the final classification of each rider was calculated on the best four results.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 50], "content_span": [51, 286]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074996-0000-0000", "contents": "1957 Moyen-Congo Territorial Assembly election\nTerritorial Assembly elections were held in Moyen-Congo on 31 March 1957. The Democratic Union for the Defence of African Interests and the African Socialist Movement both won 17 seats. Voter turnout was 74.2%.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 46], "section_span": [46, 46], "content_span": [47, 257]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074996-0001-0000", "contents": "1957 Moyen-Congo Territorial Assembly election, Results\nThe parties were in two broad coalitions; the coalition led by the African Socialist Movement (MSA) won 23 seats, 17 taken by the MSA, two by the Congolese Progressive Party and French Section of the Workers' International and one by the Democratic and Socialist Union of the Resistance and the Rally of the French People. The Democratic Union for the Defence of African Interests\u2013Moyen-Congo Union (UDDIA\u2013UMC) alliance won 22 seats, with 17 taken by the UDDIA and five by the UMC. In Kouliou, the UDDIA\u2013UMC coalition ran as the Union for the Defence of Kouilou.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 46], "section_span": [48, 55], "content_span": [56, 618]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074997-0000-0000", "contents": "1957 Mysore Legislative Assembly election\nElections to the Mysore Legislative Assembly were held on 25 February 1957. 589 candidates contested for the 208 seats of the 179 constituencies in the Assembly.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 41], "section_span": [41, 41], "content_span": [42, 203]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074997-0001-0000", "contents": "1957 Mysore Legislative Assembly election, State Reorganization\nOn 1 November 1956, Mysore state was enlarged by the addition of Coorg State, the Kollegal taluk of the Coimbatore district and the South Kanara district (except the Kasaragod taluk) of Madras State,  the districts of Raichur and Gulbarga from western Hyderabad State and the Kannada speaking districts of Dharwar, Bijapur, North Kanara, and Belgaum, (except the Chandgad taluk of Belgaum district) from southern Bombay State under States Reorganisation Act, 1956. The Siruguppa taluk, the Bellary taluk, the Hospet taluk, and a small area of the Mallapuram sub-taluk were detached from the Mysore State. This resulted in an increase in assembly constituencies from 80 with 99 seats to 179 with 208 seats in 1957 assembly elections.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 41], "section_span": [43, 63], "content_span": [64, 796]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074997-0002-0000", "contents": "1957 Mysore Legislative Assembly election, Constituencies\nThere were 29 two-member constituencies and 179 single-member constituencies. Out of the 179 constituencies, 27 were reserved for Scheduled Castes and 1 was reserved for Scheduled Tribe. There were 73,01,080 electors in single-member constituencies while 27,05,851 electors in two-member constituencies. Total electors in the state were 100,06,931 and the electors who were entitled to vote were 1,25,15,312 (including two-member constituencies). 39,59,518 electors voted in single-member constituency while 24,60,641 electors cast their vote in double-member constituencies. The poll percentage in the state was 51.3%.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 41], "section_span": [43, 57], "content_span": [58, 677]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074998-0000-0000", "contents": "1957 NAIA Men's Basketball Tournament\nThe 1957 NAIA Men's Basketball Tournament was held in March at Municipal Auditorium in Kansas City, Missouri. The 20th annual NAIA basketball tournament featured 32 teams playing in a single-elimination format. This would be the first tournament to have seeded teams. This also means that this is the first tournament to have an 'upset'. The first upset in tournament history was when the 3 seeded West Virginia Tech lost to Villa Madonna, predecessor to today's Thomas More of Kentucky, 93\u201391. There were 3 upsets this year, including the championship game. The NAIA seeded teams 21 years prior to the NCAA Division I Men's Basketball Tournament. The NAIA would adjust seeding to 16 seed system, in 1959. In 2016 the seeds would be adjust again, each bracket would be ranked 1-8, with the overall number 1 in the Naismith Bracket.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [37, 37], "content_span": [38, 869]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074998-0001-0000", "contents": "1957 NAIA Men's Basketball Tournament\nThe championship game featured Tennessee State University and Southeastern Oklahoma State University. With Tennessee State's win, they became the first historically black institution to win a collegiate basketball national championship. This would be the first of three national championship titles for Tennessee State.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [37, 37], "content_span": [38, 357]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074998-0002-0000", "contents": "1957 NAIA Men's Basketball Tournament\nThe 3rd place game featured Pacific Lutheran University defeating Eastern Illinois University.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [37, 37], "content_span": [38, 132]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074998-0003-0000", "contents": "1957 NAIA Men's Basketball Tournament, Awards and honors\nMany of the records set by the 1957 tournament have been broken, and many of the awards were established much later:", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [39, 56], "content_span": [57, 173]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074998-0004-0000", "contents": "1957 NAIA Men's Basketball Tournament, 1957 NAIA bracket, Third place game\nThe third place game featured the losing teams from the national semifinalist round to determine third and fourth places in the tournament. This game was played until 1988.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [39, 74], "content_span": [75, 247]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074999-0000-0000", "contents": "1957 NAIA football season\nThe 1957 NAIA football season was the second season of college football sponsored by the National Association of Intercollegiate Athletics.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [25, 25], "content_span": [26, 165]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074999-0001-0000", "contents": "1957 NAIA football season\nThe season was played from August to December 1957, culminating in the second annual NAIA Football National Championship, played this year at Stewart Field in St. Petersburg, Florida. During its four years in St. Petersburg, the game was also called the Holiday Bowl.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [25, 25], "content_span": [26, 293]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00074999-0002-0000", "contents": "1957 NAIA football season\nPittsburg State defeated Hillsdale in the championship game, 27\u201326, to win their first NAIA national title.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [25, 25], "content_span": [26, 133]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075000-0000-0000", "contents": "1957 NASCAR Grand National Series\nThe 1957 NASCAR Grand National Series saw driver Buck Baker win his second consecutive NASCAR Grand National Series championship. Baker won the championship with 10,716 points over second place driver Marvin Panch (9,956), and Speedy Thompson (8,560). Baker was the first driver to win back-to-back NASCAR championships. Baker accumulated $30,764 for his efforts in the 1957 NASCAR season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [33, 33], "content_span": [34, 423]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075000-0001-0000", "contents": "1957 NASCAR Grand National Series\nThis was the last season until the 1993 season without Richard Petty.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [33, 33], "content_span": [34, 103]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075000-0002-0000", "contents": "1957 NASCAR Grand National Series, Overview\nIn February 1957 the first '57 Chevy, affectionately known as the 'Black Widow' made its debut in NASCAR at the Daytona Beach and Road Course. Throughout the year drivers Buck Baker, Marvin Panch, Fireball Roberts, Larry Frank, Speedy Thompson, and Bob Welborn would pilot these now classic vehicles.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 43], "content_span": [44, 344]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075000-0003-0000", "contents": "1957 NASCAR Grand National Series, Overview\nEarly in the 1957 season the Automobile Manufacturers Association (AMA) stated that its members should become less involved in motor sports. After an incident in the May 20 Virginia 500 at Martinsville Speedway that five spectators, including a young boy, ended the race with 59 laps remaining, Ford, General Motors and Chrysler became less passionate about providing financial and administrative support for the teams. On June 6 the auto manufactures withdrew their backing from the sport.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 43], "content_span": [44, 534]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075000-0003-0001", "contents": "1957 NASCAR Grand National Series, Overview\nLate in the season at the North Wilkesboro Speedway, a wheel from driver Tiny Lund's car was thrown into stands, and a spectator was killed. (There were no wheel tethers installed in NASCAR until a series of open wheel racing fatalities in the late 1990s at Michigan and Charlotte from wheels hurled into stands from crashes.)", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 43], "content_span": [44, 370]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075000-0004-0000", "contents": "1957 NASCAR Grand National Series, Overview\nOn November 27, 1957, construction began on a new race track now known as Daytona International Speedway after five years of negations. The ground-breaking ceremony takes place one month to the day after Buck Baker wins the final event of the season at Central Carolina Fairgrounds in Greensboro, N.C; thus securing his second consecutive championship.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 43], "content_span": [44, 396]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075000-0005-0000", "contents": "1957 NASCAR Grand National Series, Season recap\nThe 1957 season opened at the Willow Springs Speedway in Lancaster, California. Marvin Panch won the event, and followed that with a second consecutive win at the following event at the Concord Speedway late in 1956. Fireball Roberts, Cotton Owens, Jack Smith, and Ralph Moody all notched wins during the next four events before Buck Baker took his first trip to victory lane at Hillsboro, North Carolina in March 1957.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 47], "content_span": [48, 467]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075000-0006-0000", "contents": "1957 NASCAR Grand National Series, Season recap\nOn February 17 Pontiac gathered its first-ever NASCAR win at Daytona Beach with Cotton Owens at the wheel. In May, a scheduled 500 lap race at Martinsville Speedway was halted after 441 circuits due to a crash. On June 6 all factory supported teams disbanded as American auto manufactures withdrew their support from NASCAR.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 47], "content_span": [48, 372]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075000-0007-0000", "contents": "1957 NASCAR Grand National Series, Season recap\nDuring the Eighth Annual Southern 500 on September 2, driver Bobby Myers was killed in a crash on lap 28 at Darlington Raceway. Speedy Thompson went on to win that first race to average over 100\u00a0mph at the track. On October 12, 1957 Fireball Roberts won a 100-mile race at Newberry Speedway; and the event holds the dubious distinction of having the smallest crowd in NASCAR history as only 900 spectators looked on.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 47], "content_span": [48, 464]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075000-0008-0000", "contents": "1957 NASCAR Grand National Series, Season recap\nWhen the season had ended, 18 drivers had won at least one Grand National event.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 47], "content_span": [48, 128]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075000-0009-0000", "contents": "1957 NASCAR Grand National Series, The AMA: All in, and all out.\nThe 50s can be seen as the building blocks of NASCAR. Automobile speeds increased at a rapid rate, and an example of that can be seen in the events at the Daytona Beach road course. The inaugural 1952 event had a pole speed of 64.7\u00a0mph, and by the final event 4 years later in 1956, the speed had risen to a blazing 81\u00a0mph. The horsepower race was in full swing, but the leaders of the AMA had concerns.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 64], "content_span": [65, 468]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075000-0009-0001", "contents": "1957 NASCAR Grand National Series, The AMA: All in, and all out.\nRising speeds on the track meant higher speeds on the nation's highways; and the fatality rate of America's public was on the rise. NASCAR attempted to appease the AMA, and disallowed the use of superchargers and fuel injection in their sanctioned events. NASCAR also refused to allow the Detroit manufactures to use their race results with media advertisements. Still, the major auto manufactures continued to invest time and money in NASCAR.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 64], "content_span": [65, 508]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075000-0009-0002", "contents": "1957 NASCAR Grand National Series, The AMA: All in, and all out.\nDetroit auto manufactures saw NASCAR as a big business opportunity, and by the beginning of the 1957 season , GM, Ford, Mercury, and Plymouth were all backing one team or another. Press agents were hired, and people worked to increase publicity through newspapers, radio, tv and other media venues. It all came to a halt on May 19, 1957, when a race accident injured not just drivers, but spectators as well. Included in the injuries was an 8 year old boy, Alvia Helsabeck.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 64], "content_span": [65, 538]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075000-0009-0003", "contents": "1957 NASCAR Grand National Series, The AMA: All in, and all out.\nDriver Billy Myers crashed his Mercury through the Martinsville Speedway fence during the Virginia 500, and landed in an area marked \"off limits\" to spectators, and young Helsabeck lost his life. Myers had been trying to lap Tom Pistone when the two cars tangled on lap 441. Four other fans in the \"No Spectators Allowed\" area ages 19 to 44 were also injured. The race was red flagged, and Buck Baker was called the winner. As ambulances transported the injured to local hospitals, the weather turned to rain. On June 6 the AMA leadership voted unanimously to withdraw all auto manufacture support, not just from the NASCAR Grand National series, but from all forms of auto racing. Factory sponsored teams were eliminated, and the equipment given to the individual owners and drivers.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 64], "content_span": [65, 849]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075001-0000-0000", "contents": "1957 NBA All-Star Game\nThe 1957 NBA All Star Game was the seventh NBA All-Star Game. With the score 43-39 in favor of the West and with time running out in the first half, the East's Bill Sharman attempted to throw a long pass to Bob Cousy. Instead, the play resulted in him making a remarkable 70-foot (21\u00a0m) shot to end the first half.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [22, 22], "content_span": [23, 337]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075002-0000-0000", "contents": "1957 NBA Finals\nThe 1957 NBA World Championship Series was the championship series of the 1956\u201357 National Basketball Association season, and was the conclusion of the 1957 NBA Playoffs. The best-of-seven series was played between the Western Division champion St. Louis Hawks and the Eastern Division champion Boston Celtics. This was the first trip to the Finals for each team, the first Finals in which both teams competing were making their first appearances since 1951. Red Auerbach became the first head coach to have taken two separate teams to the NBA Finals, having done so with Washington in 1949. The Celtics won the series over the Hawks, 4\u20133. It remains the only Game 7 in NBA history to be decided in double-overtime.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 15], "section_span": [15, 15], "content_span": [16, 731]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075002-0001-0000", "contents": "1957 NBA Finals, Records\nCeltics center Bill Russell set a rookie record for rebounds in a single NBA finals game with 32 in game 7, and averaged an NBA finals rookie record of 22.9 rebounds per game for the entire series.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 15], "section_span": [17, 24], "content_span": [25, 222]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075003-0000-0000", "contents": "1957 NBA draft\nThe 1957 NBA draft was the 11th annual draft of the National Basketball Association (NBA). The draft was held on April 17, 1957, before the 1957\u201358 season. In this draft, eight NBA teams took turns selecting amateur U.S. college basketball players. Prior to the draft, the Fort Wayne Pistons and the Rochester Royals relocated to Detroit and Cincinnati, and became the Detroit Pistons and the Cincinnati Royals respectively. In each round, the teams select in reverse order of their win\u2013loss record in the previous season. The draft consisted of 14 rounds comprising 83 players selected.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [14, 14], "content_span": [15, 602]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075003-0001-0000", "contents": "1957 NBA draft, Draft selections and draftee career notes\nRod Hundley from West Virginia University was selected first overall by the Cincinnati Royals. However, the Royals immediately traded his draft rights to the Minneapolis Lakers. Eight pick of the draft, Sam Jones from North Carolina Central University, have been inducted to the Basketball Hall of Fame. Woody Sauldsberry, who was selected in the eighth round, went on to win the Rookie of the Year Award in his first season. He would be the highest selected rookie to ever win the award in league history, being selected as the 60th pick in the NBA that year.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [16, 57], "content_span": [58, 618]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075003-0001-0001", "contents": "1957 NBA draft, Draft selections and draftee career notes\nJim Brown from Syracuse University was selected in the ninth round by the Syracuse Nationals, but he opted for a professional football career and eventually playing nine successful seasons in the National Football League (NFL). Brown was later inducted to the Pro Football Hall of Fame and is considered one of the greatest professional football players ever.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [16, 57], "content_span": [58, 417]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075003-0002-0000", "contents": "1957 NBA draft, Other picks\nThe following list includes other draft picks who have appeared in at least one NBA game.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [16, 27], "content_span": [28, 117]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075004-0000-0000", "contents": "1957 NBA playoffs\nThe 1957 NBA playoffs was the postseason tournament of the National Basketball Association's 1956-57 season. The tournament concluded with the Eastern Division champion Boston Celtics defeating the Western Division champion St. Louis Hawks 4 games to 3 in the NBA Finals.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [17, 17], "content_span": [18, 289]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075004-0001-0000", "contents": "1957 NBA playoffs\nIt was the first title in Celtics history; as of 2020, they are tied with the Los Angeles Lakers in NBA titles won with 17.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [17, 17], "content_span": [18, 141]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075004-0002-0000", "contents": "1957 NBA playoffs\nThe Celtics and Hawks met in 4 out of 5 NBA Finals from 1957\u20131961, with the Celtics winning 3 out of 4. While the Hawks' dominance of the Western Division was succeeded by the Los Angeles Lakers afterward, Boston missed the NBA Finals just once between 1957\u20131969, and win the NBA title in every year but two.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [17, 17], "content_span": [18, 326]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075004-0003-0000", "contents": "1957 NBA playoffs\nIn the division semifinals, the Philadelphia Warriors were swept by the Syracuse Nationals 2\u20130. This was the first time in NBA history that the defending champions were swept in the opening round. The next time the defending champions were swept in the opening round was in 2007. It was also the only time in which the playoff series leading to the Final resulted in sweeps.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [17, 17], "content_span": [18, 392]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075004-0004-0000", "contents": "1957 NBA playoffs, Bracket\nBold Series winnerItalic Team with home-court advantage in NBA Finals", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 26], "content_span": [27, 96]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075004-0005-0000", "contents": "1957 NBA playoffs, Division Semifinals, Eastern Division Semifinals, (2) Syracuse Nationals vs. (3) Philadelphia Warriors\nThis was the fifth playoff meeting between these two teams, with the 76ers/Nationals winning three of the first four meetings.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 121], "content_span": [122, 248]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075004-0006-0000", "contents": "1957 NBA playoffs, Division Semifinals, Western Division Semifinals, (2) Minneapolis Lakers vs. (3) Fort Wayne Pistons\nThis was the fifth playoff meeting between these two teams, with the Lakers winning three of the first four meetings.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 118], "content_span": [119, 236]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075004-0007-0000", "contents": "1957 NBA playoffs, Division Finals, Eastern Division Finals, (1) Boston Celtics vs. (2) Syracuse Nationals\nThis was the sixth playoff meeting between these two teams, with the Nationals winning four of the first five meetings.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 106], "content_span": [107, 226]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075004-0008-0000", "contents": "1957 NBA playoffs, Division Finals, Western Division Finals, (1) St. Louis Hawks vs. (2) Minneapolis Lakers\nThis was the second playoff meeting between these two teams, with the Hawks winning the first meeting.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 107], "content_span": [108, 210]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075004-0009-0000", "contents": "1957 NBA playoffs, NBA Finals: (E1) Boston Celtics vs. (W1) St. Louis Hawks\nThis was the first playoff meeting between these two teams.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 75], "content_span": [76, 135]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075005-0000-0000", "contents": "1957 NC State Wolfpack football team\nThe 1957 NC State Wolfpack football team represented North Carolina State University during the 1957 NCAA University Division football season. The Wolfpack were led by fourth-year head coach Earle Edwards and played their home games at Riddick Stadium in Raleigh, North Carolina. The team competed as a member of the Atlantic Coast Conference, winning the conference title with an undefeated 5\u20130\u20131 record. This was NC State's first conference title in the ACC, and the school's first title since 1927, when they were members of the Southern Conference.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [36, 36], "content_span": [37, 589]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075006-0000-0000", "contents": "1957 NCAA College Division Basketball Tournament\nThe 1957 NCAA College Division Basketball Tournament involved 32 schools playing in a single-elimination tournament to determine the national champion of men's NCAA\u00a0College Division\u00a0college basketball as a culmination of the 1956-57 NCAA College Division men's basketball season. This was the first College Division men's basketball tournament and it was won by Wheaton College. Wheaton's Mel Peterson was named the Most Outstanding Player.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 48], "section_span": [48, 48], "content_span": [49, 489]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075006-0001-0000", "contents": "1957 NCAA College Division Basketball Tournament\nJackson State, citing policy of the Mississippi Board of Trustees, was compelled to withdraw from the tournament rather than competing in an interracial contest. This would be the only time such an occurrence would directly mar the tournament, and Jackson State themselves would return to the tournament in 1964.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 48], "section_span": [48, 48], "content_span": [49, 361]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075007-0000-0000", "contents": "1957 NCAA College Division football season\nThe 1957 NCAA College Division football season was the second season of college football in the United States organized by the National Collegiate Athletic Association at the NCAA College Division level.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 42], "section_span": [42, 42], "content_span": [43, 246]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075008-0000-0000", "contents": "1957 NCAA Cross Country Championships\nThe 1957 NCAA Cross Country Championships were the 19th annual cross country meet to determine the team and individual national champions of men's collegiate cross country running in the United States. Held on November 25, 1957, the meet was hosted by Michigan State University at the Forest Akers East Golf Course in East Lansing, Michigan. The distance for the race was 4 miles (6.4 kilometers).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [37, 37], "content_span": [38, 435]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075008-0001-0000", "contents": "1957 NCAA Cross Country Championships\nWith the NCAA establishing a College Division championship the following year in 1958, this was the final NCAA cross country championship for which all NCAA members were eligible. In total, 17 teams and 124 individual runners contested this championship.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [37, 37], "content_span": [38, 292]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075008-0002-0000", "contents": "1957 NCAA Cross Country Championships\nThe team national championship was won by the Notre Dame Fighting Irish, their second. The individual championship was won by Max Truex, from USC, with a record time of 19:12.30. Truex's event distance record would remain in place until the distance for the championship race was changed to 6 miles in 1965.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [37, 37], "content_span": [38, 345]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075009-0000-0000", "contents": "1957 NCAA Golf Championship\nThe 1957 NCAA Golf Championship was the 19th annual NCAA-sanctioned golf tournament to determine the individual and team national champions of men's collegiate golf in the United States.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [27, 27], "content_span": [28, 214]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075009-0001-0000", "contents": "1957 NCAA Golf Championship\nThe tournament was held at The Broadmoor in Colorado Springs, Colorado.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [27, 27], "content_span": [28, 99]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075009-0002-0000", "contents": "1957 NCAA Golf Championship\nDefending champions Houston won the team title, the Cougars' second NCAA team national title.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [27, 27], "content_span": [28, 121]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075010-0000-0000", "contents": "1957 NCAA Men's Basketball All-Americans\nThe consensus 1957 College Basketball All-American team, as determined by aggregating the results of six major All-American teams. To earn 'consensus' status, a player must win honors from a majority of the following teams: the Associated Press, the USBWA, The United Press International, the National Association of Basketball Coaches, the Newspaper Enterprise Association (NEA), and the International News Service.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [40, 40], "content_span": [41, 457]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075011-0000-0000", "contents": "1957 NCAA Men's Ice Hockey Tournament\nThe 1957 NCAA Men's Ice Hockey Tournament was the culmination of the 1956\u201357 NCAA men's ice hockey season, the 10th such tournament in NCAA history. It was held between March 14 and 16, 1957, and concluded with Colorado College defeating Michigan 13-6. All games were played at the Broadmoor Ice Palace in Colorado Springs, Colorado.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [37, 37], "content_span": [38, 371]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075011-0001-0000", "contents": "1957 NCAA Men's Ice Hockey Tournament\nColorado College tied their own record for most goals scored in a championship game with 13. Additionally, the 6 goals that Michigan scored made it the title match with the highest number of combined goals scored (19).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [37, 37], "content_span": [38, 256]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075011-0002-0000", "contents": "1957 NCAA Men's Ice Hockey Tournament, Qualifying teams\nFour teams qualified for the tournament, two each from the eastern and western regions. The two best WIHL teams and a Tri-State League representative received bids into the tournament as did one independent school.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [39, 55], "content_span": [56, 270]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075011-0003-0000", "contents": "1957 NCAA Men's Ice Hockey Tournament, Format\nThe eastern team judged as better was seeded as the top eastern team while the WIHL champion was given the top western seed. The second eastern seed was slotted to play the top western seed and vice versa. All games were played at the Broadmoor Ice Palace. All matches were Single-game eliminations with the semifinal winners advancing to the national championship game and the losers playing in a consolation game.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [39, 45], "content_span": [46, 461]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075012-0000-0000", "contents": "1957 NCAA Skiing Championships\nThe 1957 NCAA Skiing Championships were contested at Snow Basin at Mount Ogden, Utah, at the fourth annual NCAA-sanctioned ski tournament to determine the individual and team national champions of men's collegiate alpine, cross country skiing, and ski jumping in the United States.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [30, 30], "content_span": [31, 312]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075012-0001-0000", "contents": "1957 NCAA Skiing Championships\nDenver claimed its fourth national championship in as many years, all under coach Willy Schaeffler, topping in-state rivals Colorado in the team standings.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [30, 30], "content_span": [31, 186]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075012-0002-0000", "contents": "1957 NCAA Skiing Championships\nThe sole repeat individual champion was Dartmouth's Chiharu Igaya in the slalom, his third consecutive and sixth individual NCAA title. He was the silver medalist in slalom at the 1956 Winter Olympics.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [30, 30], "content_span": [31, 232]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075012-0003-0000", "contents": "1957 NCAA Skiing Championships, Venue\nThese championships were held March 29\u201331 in Utah at Snow Basin, located on Mount Ogden in Weber County, north of Salt Lake City.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 37], "content_span": [38, 167]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075012-0004-0000", "contents": "1957 NCAA Skiing Championships, Venue\nThe fourth edition, these were the first NCAA championships in Utah and the Wasatch Range. Later contracted to \"Snowbasin\", the ski area hosted the alpine speed events of the 2002 Winter Olympics.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 37], "content_span": [38, 234]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075013-0000-0000", "contents": "1957 NCAA Swimming and Diving Championships\nThe 1957 NCAA Swimming and Diving Championships  were contested in March 1957 at the Bowman Gray Pool at the University of North Carolina in Chapel Hill, North Carolina at the 21st annual NCAA-sanctioned swim meet to determine the team and individual national champions of men's collegiate swimming and diving in the United States.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 43], "section_span": [43, 43], "content_span": [44, 375]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075013-0001-0000", "contents": "1957 NCAA Swimming and Diving Championships\nMichigan regained the national title, the Wolverines' seventh (and first since 1948), after finishing eight points ahead of Yale in the team standings.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 43], "section_span": [43, 43], "content_span": [44, 195]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075014-0000-0000", "contents": "1957 NCAA Tennis Championships\nThe 1957 NCAA Tennis Championships were the 12th annual NCAA-sponsored tournaments to determine the national champions of men's singles, doubles, and team collegiate tennis in the United States.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [30, 30], "content_span": [31, 225]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075014-0001-0000", "contents": "1957 NCAA Tennis Championships\nMichigan won the team championship, the Wolverines' first such title. Michigan finished just one point ahead of Tulane, 10\u20139, in the final team standings.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [30, 30], "content_span": [31, 185]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075014-0002-0000", "contents": "1957 NCAA Tennis Championships\nBarry MacKay won the Singles Title over Sammy Giammalva of Texas in 5 sets.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [30, 30], "content_span": [31, 106]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075014-0003-0000", "contents": "1957 NCAA Tennis Championships, Host site\nThis year's tournaments were contested at the Eccles Tennis Center at the University of Utah in Salt Lake City, Utah.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 41], "content_span": [42, 159]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075014-0004-0000", "contents": "1957 NCAA Tennis Championships, Team scoring\nUntil 1977, the men's team championship was determined by points awarded based on individual performances in the singles and doubles events.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 44], "content_span": [45, 185]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075015-0000-0000", "contents": "1957 NCAA Track and Field Championships\nThe 1957 NCAA Track and Field Championships were contested June 14\u221215 at the 36th annual NCAA-sanctioned track meet to determine the individual and team national champions of men's collegiate track and field in the United States. This year's events were hosted by the University of Texas at Austin at Memorial Stadium in Austin.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [39, 39], "content_span": [40, 368]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075015-0001-0000", "contents": "1957 NCAA Track and Field Championships\nVillanova captured the team national championship, the Wildcats' first title in program history.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [39, 39], "content_span": [40, 136]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075016-0000-0000", "contents": "1957 NCAA University Division Baseball Tournament\nThe 1957 NCAA University Division Baseball Tournament was played at the end of the 1957 NCAA University Division baseball season to determine the national champion of college baseball. The tournament concluded with eight teams competing in the College World Series, a double-elimination tournament in its eleventh year. Eight regional districts sent representatives to the College World Series with preliminary rounds within each district serving to determine each representative. These events would later become known as regionals.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 49], "section_span": [49, 49], "content_span": [50, 582]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075016-0000-0001", "contents": "1957 NCAA University Division Baseball Tournament\nEach district had its own format for selecting teams, resulting in 23 teams participating in the tournament at the conclusion of their regular season, and in some cases, after a conference tournament. The College World Series was held in Omaha, NE from June 9 to June 14. The eleventh tournament's champion was California, coached by George Wolfman. The Most Outstanding Player was Cal Emery of Penn State.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 49], "section_span": [49, 49], "content_span": [50, 456]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075017-0000-0000", "contents": "1957 NCAA University Division Basketball Championship Game\nThe 1957 NCAA University Division Basketball Championship Game took place on March 23, 1957, between the North Carolina Tar Heels and the Kansas Jayhawks at the Municipal Auditorium in Kansas City, Missouri. The matchup was the final one of the nineteenth edition of the single-elimination tournament now known as the NCAA Division I Men's Basketball Tournament\u2014commonly referred to as the NCAA Tournament\u2014organized by the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA). It was used to crown a national men's basketball champion in the NCAA's University Division, known since 1973 as the NCAA Division I.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 58], "section_span": [58, 58], "content_span": [59, 664]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075017-0001-0000", "contents": "1957 NCAA University Division Basketball Championship Game\nAfter surviving numerous close games during the regular season, the conference tournament, and lastly, a triple-overtime game against Michigan State in the national semifinal, North Carolina came into the National Championship game with an unblemished record of 31\u20130. Led by coach Frank McGuire and Helms Foundation College Basketball Player of the Year Lennie Rosenbluth, the Tar Heels were ranked first overall in the AP Poll. Kansas came into the National Championship game with two losses, which were credited to poor ball control on the Jayhawks' part. The Jayhawks, led by sophomore phenom and first-team All-American Wilt Chamberlain, was favored to win against the Tar Heels.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 58], "section_span": [58, 58], "content_span": [59, 742]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075017-0002-0000", "contents": "1957 NCAA University Division Basketball Championship Game\nThe game attracted heavy media attention with over ten television stations and sixty\u2013three news reporters in attendance. The North Carolina Tar Heels jumped out to an early 19\u20137 lead in the first half until the Jayhawks were able to close the lead before halftime. In the second half, the Jayhawks managed to fully overcome the deficit and take the lead. However, the Tar Heels were able to tie the game in the final minute, sending the game into overtime.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 58], "section_span": [58, 58], "content_span": [59, 515]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075017-0002-0001", "contents": "1957 NCAA University Division Basketball Championship Game\nIn the first overtime, each team scored a basket before time ran out; in the second overtime, no points were scored due to lack of offensive execution by both teams. More action took place in the third overtime. The Tar Heels won the game 54\u201353 as Joe Quigg made two free throws in the closing seconds to give them their first NCAA Men's Basketball National Championship.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 58], "section_span": [58, 58], "content_span": [59, 430]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075017-0003-0000", "contents": "1957 NCAA University Division Basketball Championship Game\nThe team received a large welcome at Raleigh\u2013Durham International Airport when they arrived back in North Carolina. Due to the successful televising of the National Championship game in North Carolina, the broadcasting of Atlantic Coast Conference collegiate basketball games expanded greatly. Kansas' Chamberlain was criticised for his inability to win the National Championship. He eventually left Kansas after his junior year to join the Harlem Globetrotters.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 58], "section_span": [58, 58], "content_span": [59, 521]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075017-0004-0000", "contents": "1957 NCAA University Division Basketball Championship Game, Background, North Carolina Tar Heels\nThe North Carolina Tar Heels were coached by Frank McGuire, who was in his fifth season as the team's head coach. His offensive philosophy centered around passing before shooting. McGuire's starting line up, and most of the roster, consisted primarily of players from New York state due to McGuire's connections in the area from his time as St. John's head coach. Carolina squads prior to McGuire usually had several in-state players and select out of state talent. Tommy Kearns and Pete Brennan were two offensive specialists. Center Joe Quigg provided a solid presence in the paint (free throw lane) and grabbed almost nine rebounds per game. Guard Bob Cunningham was one of the team's best defensive players. Lennie Rosenbluth, who averaged almost twenty-eight points a game and served as the team's clutch performer, led the team.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 58], "section_span": [60, 96], "content_span": [97, 931]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075017-0005-0000", "contents": "1957 NCAA University Division Basketball Championship Game, Background, North Carolina Tar Heels\nNorth Carolina began their 1956\u201357 campaign with three straight wins by a wide margin of victory. In their fourth game, the Tar Heels traveled to Columbia, South Carolina, to play the South Carolina Gamecocks. They took the Tar Heels to overtime before North Carolina was able to come away with a four-point victory. Near the end of December, the Tar Heels participated in the annual Dixie Classic. They won it and remained undefeated after beating the Wake Forest Demon Deacons in the championship game.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 58], "section_span": [60, 96], "content_span": [97, 601]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075017-0005-0001", "contents": "1957 NCAA University Division Basketball Championship Game, Background, North Carolina Tar Heels\nNorth Carolina then won five more games before going into double overtime against the Maryland Terrapins winning the game 65\u201361 to earn their seventeenth consecutive victory. In the following game, the Duke Blue Devils and North Carolina were tied with 73 points each before Tar Heel Kearns sank two free throws to give North Carolina a two-point lead before the game ended.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 58], "section_span": [60, 96], "content_span": [97, 471]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075017-0005-0002", "contents": "1957 NCAA University Division Basketball Championship Game, Background, North Carolina Tar Heels\nThe Tar Heels closed out the regular season with six more victories to finish with a record of 24\u20130. North Carolina won their quarterfinal match-up in the ACC Tournament by twenty points to advance to the semifinals against Wake Forest. The Demon Deacons were leading 59\u201358 as the game entered the final minute. With time running out, Rosenbluth made a two-point shot but was fouled in the act of shooting, which sent him to the line to shoot a free throw; he made the free throw and the Tar Heels won 61\u201359. The Tar Heels then beat South Carolina in the championship to earn a berth in the NCAA Tournament.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 58], "section_span": [60, 96], "content_span": [97, 704]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075017-0006-0000", "contents": "1957 NCAA University Division Basketball Championship Game, Background, North Carolina Tar Heels\nThe Tar Heels defeated the Yale Bulldogs 90\u201374 in the NCAA East Regional Quarterfinal to advance to the semifinal against Canisius College. North Carolina won the game by twelve points allowing them to move on to the NCAA East Regional Final against the Syracuse Orange. The final, and the semifinal, was held at the Palestra in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. The Syracuse Orange fell to the Tar Heels 67\u201358 allowing them to advance to the Final Four in Kansas City, Missouri. The Tar Heels' opponent for the national semifinal was the Michigan State Spartans.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 58], "section_span": [60, 96], "content_span": [97, 654]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075017-0006-0001", "contents": "1957 NCAA University Division Basketball Championship Game, Background, North Carolina Tar Heels\nThe Tar Heels were tied with the Spartans as regulation time was winding down. Michigan State's Jack Quiggle made a half court shot that would have given the Spartans the lead, but it left his hands after time expired, nullifying the basket. In the first overtime, Michigan State had a two-point lead with eleven seconds remaining and had a player at the foul line. The Spartan missed both shots. Carolina's Brennan gathered the rebound, dribbled down the court, and made a shot as time expired to send the game to a second overtime. The Tar Heels pulled away in the third overtime to win the game 74\u201370. The game saw the lead change thirty-one times before the Tar Heels were able to emerge victorious after three overtime periods.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 58], "section_span": [60, 96], "content_span": [97, 829]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075017-0007-0000", "contents": "1957 NCAA University Division Basketball Championship Game, Background, Kansas Jayhawks\nDick Harp was in the midst of his first season as head coach of the Kansas Jayhawks when the team entered the National Championship game. Kansas began the season favored to win the national title. This was due in large part to Wilt Chamberlain joining the varsity team after finishing his freshman year on the freshman team per NCAA rules. At the beginning of the season, the Jayhawks starting line up consisted of seniors Gene Elstun, Maurice King, John Parker, Lew Johnson, and sophomore Chamberlain. Ron Loneski replaced Johnson in the starting line up during the season. Harp began the season with a man-to-man defense, but later switched to a zone defense to give the Jayhawks an advantage in rebounding the basketball.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 58], "section_span": [60, 87], "content_span": [88, 812]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075017-0008-0000", "contents": "1957 NCAA University Division Basketball Championship Game, Background, Kansas Jayhawks\nThe Jayhawks began the regular season with twelve consecutive victories before losing to the Iowa State Cyclones by two points having lost the lead in the closing seconds of the game. Kansas' next game was against Iowa State; this time, the Jayhawks won the game by a margin of nine points. The Jayhawks won their next four games before losing to the Oklahoma State Cowboys in Stillwater, Oklahoma. The shot clock was not in use in 1957 allowing the Cowboys to hold the ball for the final three and a half minutes and win the game 56\u201354.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 58], "section_span": [60, 87], "content_span": [88, 625]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075017-0008-0001", "contents": "1957 NCAA University Division Basketball Championship Game, Background, Kansas Jayhawks\nBoth of the Jayhawks' regular season losses were due in part to their poor ball control. The Jayhawks' squad closed out the regular season with four more victories, finishing the regular season with a conference best 11\u20131 record, earning them the Big Seven Conference regular season crown and a berth in the NCAA Tournament.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 58], "section_span": [60, 87], "content_span": [88, 412]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075017-0009-0000", "contents": "1957 NCAA University Division Basketball Championship Game, Background, Kansas Jayhawks\nIn the first round of the NCAA Tournament, the Jayhawks faced the Southern Methodist Mustangs and were forced into an overtime period. With 36 points from Chamberlain, the Jayhawks won 73\u201365 to advance to the regional finals. There, they defeated the Oklahoma City Stars 81\u201361 to reach the Final Four. Chamberlain posted 30 points in the contest, adding 15 rebounds. The two-time defending NCAA Tournament champions, the San Francisco Dons, faced Kansas at the Final Four's host site, Kansas City.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 58], "section_span": [60, 87], "content_span": [88, 585]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075017-0009-0001", "contents": "1957 NCAA University Division Basketball Championship Game, Background, Kansas Jayhawks\nWith a field goal percentage of almost 60 percent, the Jayhawks posted an 80\u201356 win to advance to the championship game against undefeated North Carolina, the number one-ranked team in the country. Even though the Tar Heels were undefeated, and ranked number one in the nation, Kansas entered the game as a three-point favorite, mostly because playing in Kansas City\u2014close to nearby Lawrence, the school's location\u2014was virtually a home game.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 58], "section_span": [60, 87], "content_span": [88, 529]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075017-0010-0000", "contents": "1957 NCAA University Division Basketball Championship Game, Broadcasting\nThe national semifinal between Kansas and San Francisco was not televised, while the North Carolina-Michigan State Spartans match-up was broadcast in some areas. Plans to televise the national championship game were made in advance in anticipation that the Kansas Jayhawks would reach the championship game. By the time the match-up was set between the Jayhawks and the Tar Heels, an eleven-station network had been organized. Castleman D. Chesley, a local television producer, broadcast the game in North Carolina on five stations.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 58], "section_span": [60, 72], "content_span": [73, 605]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075017-0010-0001", "contents": "1957 NCAA University Division Basketball Championship Game, Broadcasting\nAfter the Tar Heels won the Eastern Regional, Chesley managed to get announcers, sponsors and five stations to set up a network to broadcast North Carolina's Final Four games from Kansas City. Locally, the game was to appear on channels 9 and 13. The 1957 National Championship game saw the largest media crowd to date for a men's basketball game. Over eleven television stations, 73 radio stations, and 63 news writers were represented.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 58], "section_span": [60, 72], "content_span": [73, 510]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075017-0011-0000", "contents": "1957 NCAA University Division Basketball Championship Game, Game summary, First half\nThe game began with a tip-off between Kansas' seven foot tall Chamberlain and North Carolina's Kearns, who was not even six feet tall. Coach McGuire used Kearns after he had talked down Chamberlain the night before. The rest of the North Carolina squad set up in their zone defense rather than around the center circle as McGuire requested to \"show them the zone we were going to use.\" The Jayhawks were unable to score on their opening possession and set up in their defense as the Tar Heels came down the court with the ball.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 58], "section_span": [60, 84], "content_span": [85, 612]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075017-0011-0001", "contents": "1957 NCAA University Division Basketball Championship Game, Game summary, First half\nKansas' initial defense was a box-and-one, which consisted of four players in a box around a basket while one player, King, played defense on North Carolina's Rosenbluth. Kearns received a pass along the baseline and was fouled in the act of shooting. He missed the shot, but made both free throws to give Carolina the early 2\u20130 lead. Kansas missed a jump shot, and North Carolina's Joe Quigg converted a 12-foot baseline shot. Kansas scored their first points from two free throws.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 58], "section_span": [60, 84], "content_span": [85, 567]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075017-0012-0000", "contents": "1957 NCAA University Division Basketball Championship Game, Game summary, First half\nThe Tar Heels' began to strain Kansas' defense with several players making perimeter shots. When combined with Kansas' inability to convert from the field, this allowed the Tar Heels to jump out to an 11\u20134 lead. This led Harp to change Kansas' defensive formation to a 2\u20133 zone defense, with Chamberlain under the basket. Rosenbluth\u2014who was now relatively unguarded compared to Kansas' previous formation\u2014made a contested seventeen-foot jumper. Kansas retaliated by giving the ball to Chamberlain who was then fouled as he went up for a shot. He went to the free-throw line and made one of two shots.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 58], "section_span": [60, 84], "content_span": [85, 685]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075017-0012-0001", "contents": "1957 NCAA University Division Basketball Championship Game, Game summary, First half\nAs Kansas went up the floor coach Harp ordered his squad to revert to their original box\u2013and\u2013one. Carolina's Kearns made a jumper from the floor after pump faking to lose a defender, which brought the score to 15\u20137 in favor of Carolina. Kansas came up the floor and missed their shot, but Chamberlain grabbed the rebound and was then fouled in the air. He went to the line for a one\u2013and\u2013one and missed the first shot, while Rosenbluth caught the rebound.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 58], "section_span": [60, 84], "content_span": [85, 539]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075017-0013-0000", "contents": "1957 NCAA University Division Basketball Championship Game, Game summary, First half\nDuring the following possession, Harp changed Jayhawks' defense to a man-to-man. This caused the Tar Heels to become more active with several screens and movement on offense. The possession resulted in an off-the-ball foul that sent Rosenbluth to the free-throw line where he made both shots. Kansas pushed the ball up the court quickly with King taking an eight-foot shot. Carolina collected the rebound and continued to slow the tempo in the half-court as Kansas shifted back into a 2\u20133 zone.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 58], "section_span": [60, 84], "content_span": [85, 579]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075017-0013-0001", "contents": "1957 NCAA University Division Basketball Championship Game, Game summary, First half\nThe Tar Heels passed the ball back and forth until the Jayhawks broke from their zone and went into a man-to-man again. Kearns made a close-quarters shot near the basket. Kansas stepped up their defense at the behest of coach Harp and held Carolina scoreless for two minutes. During that time Kansas made four free throws to cut their deficit to two points\u2014the score now 19\u201317.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 58], "section_span": [60, 84], "content_span": [85, 462]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075017-0013-0002", "contents": "1957 NCAA University Division Basketball Championship Game, Game summary, First half\nThe Tar Heels continued to slow the pace and work the ball around to get the open shot, while the Jayhawks would rush up the court and attempt to give the ball to Chamberlain before taking a poor shot. This resulted in moderate success for both teams as North Carolina scored eight points to Kansas' three before the final two minutes began. In the closing two minutes, the two teams both scored two free throws to bring the score to 29\u201322 in favor of North Carolina.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 58], "section_span": [60, 84], "content_span": [85, 552]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075017-0014-0000", "contents": "1957 NCAA University Division Basketball Championship Game, Game summary, Second half\nThe second half began with another jump ball between the two competing teams. Chamberlain won the tip as Carolina sent out Quigg this time to contest the jump, not Kearns. Both teams failed to score on their first possession, but after Carolina missed their opening shot, Kansas scored on a fast-break pull-up shot. Kansas scored once more\u2014from a lob to Chamberlain\u2014before the Tar Heels were able to score with a baseline jump shot from Quigg to bring the score to 31\u201326. Kansas closed the lead to 31\u201330 with a basket and a pair of free throws from Chamberlain. Carolina's Kearns returned with an acrobatic layup to extend the lead to three points.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 58], "section_span": [60, 85], "content_span": [86, 734]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075017-0015-0000", "contents": "1957 NCAA University Division Basketball Championship Game, Game summary, Second half\nAfter Kansas failed to convert a shot on their next possession, North Carolina proceeded to pass the ball around the perimeter of the court for close to two minutes. After finding the right setup, Rosenbluth drove to the basket and scored. Following that possession, Kansas began to make outside jump shots. When combined with Carolina's inability to score, Kansas' improved jump shots led to a 10\u20132 Kansas run, with Kansas taking the lead nine minutes into the second half.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 58], "section_span": [60, 85], "content_span": [86, 560]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075017-0015-0001", "contents": "1957 NCAA University Division Basketball Championship Game, Game summary, Second half\nIn addition, as North Carolina players continued to foul Chamberlain to make him score from the free throw line, they began to get into foul trouble. Kansas' coach Harp had his team hold the ball beginning with their next possession. This plan worked for a while and Carolina was unable to overcome Kansas' three-point lead; Kansas did not attempt a shot for over five minutes.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 58], "section_span": [60, 85], "content_span": [86, 463]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075017-0016-0000", "contents": "1957 NCAA University Division Basketball Championship Game, Game summary, Second half\nWith 1:45 remaining in the game, Kansas' Elstun was fouled by Rosenbluth on a lay-up attempt. This was Rosenbluth's fifth foul, which disqualified him for the rest of the game. Elstun missed the two free throws from the foul, and Carolina got the rebound. The Jayhawks were able to score only two points after Rosenbluth's disqualification. North Carolina then began to rally after scoring a basket and then an accompanying free throw. Bob Young\u2014who had replaced Rosenbluth after his fifth foul\u2014scored a lay-up bringing Carolina to within two points.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 58], "section_span": [60, 85], "content_span": [86, 636]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075017-0016-0001", "contents": "1957 NCAA University Division Basketball Championship Game, Game summary, Second half\nCarolina tied the game at 46\u201346 after Kearns made a free throw in the closing seconds. The Tar Heels got the ball back and held it for one final possession. The ball was passed to Cunningham who missed his initial shot, but was able to get the rebound. Cunningham went up for another shot, but received heavy contact from Chamberlain. No foul was called and the time ran out, sending the game to overtime.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 58], "section_span": [60, 85], "content_span": [86, 491]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075017-0017-0000", "contents": "1957 NCAA University Division Basketball Championship Game, Game summary, Overtime periods\nOvertime began with a jump ball won by Chamberlain for Kansas. He quickly passed the ball to King who took a jump shot that missed. Carolina's Cunningham grabbed the rebound. The Tar Heels traversed the court and Young managed to score a basket to give Carolina the edge. However, North Carolina was unable to stop Kansas during the ensuing drive as Chamberlain scored a basket to bring the score to 48\u201348. After Kansas scored the tying basket, North Carolina proceeded to hold the ball for one final shot before the overtime period ended. Carolina's Kearns drove and put up a shot that was blocked by Chamberlain as time ran out.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 58], "section_span": [60, 90], "content_span": [91, 721]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075017-0018-0000", "contents": "1957 NCAA University Division Basketball Championship Game, Game summary, Overtime periods\nNorth Carolina's first possession of the second overtime period ended with a turnover, while Kansas missed a long jump shot in theirs. North Carolina's Brennan boxed out Chamberlain who went over him to collect the rebound and was called for over the back. Joe Quigg turned the ball over after traveling, while Chamberlain threw the ball out of bounds on the subsequent possession. Carolina failed to capitalize on Chamberlain's error when Kearns missed the front end of a one-and-one. Kansas came down the court and passed the ball to Chamberlain who was then fouled hard by Cunningham.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 58], "section_span": [60, 90], "content_span": [91, 678]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075017-0018-0001", "contents": "1957 NCAA University Division Basketball Championship Game, Game summary, Overtime periods\nThis sparked an altercation between the teams, resulting in Chamberlain being hit in the stomach with a megaphone and his knee being scarred by a Carolina cheerleader. The referees stopped the commotion, and Chamberlain was sent to the free-throw line. He missed both shots, and Carolina got the rebound. The Tar Heels aimed to hold the ball for a final, shot but they turned the ball over to Kansas with ten seconds to go. Then the Jayhawks called a timeout with six seconds left. The ball went to Kansas' Loneski who missed a shot, and the game remained tied at 48.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 58], "section_span": [60, 90], "content_span": [91, 658]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075017-0019-0000", "contents": "1957 NCAA University Division Basketball Championship Game, Game summary, Overtime periods\nAfter a one-minute break between periods, the third overtime began with another jump ball again won by Chamberlain. After King missed the opening shot of the period, Carolina's Kearns made a right-handed lay-up to bring the score to 50\u201348. Kansas failed to score again, and this time Kearns missed his shot after being fouled; he then made both free throws. Off a pass from Loneski, Chamberlain made a shot, was fouled, and made the ensuing free throw to complete the three-point play and bring the Jayhawks within one point.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 58], "section_span": [60, 90], "content_span": [91, 616]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075017-0019-0001", "contents": "1957 NCAA University Division Basketball Championship Game, Game summary, Overtime periods\nCunningham was fouled after being trapped in a double team and then missed the first shot of the one-and-one. The Jayhawks' Loneski missed a contested, close layup, but King got the offensive rebound and was fouled on a put back shot. King made one of the free throws and tied the score at 52\u201352.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 58], "section_span": [60, 90], "content_span": [91, 387]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075017-0020-0000", "contents": "1957 NCAA University Division Basketball Championship Game, Game summary, Overtime periods\nOn the next possession, Kansas' John Parker stole the ball and crossed half court when coach Harp called a timeout. Chamberlain received the ball in the post, went up for a shot and received some contact; however, no referee called a foul and the ball rolled out of bounds off Carolina. On the next play, Elstun was run into by a Tar Heel and went to the foul line for two shots with 31 seconds remaining; he missed the first and made the second shot.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 58], "section_span": [60, 90], "content_span": [91, 542]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075017-0020-0001", "contents": "1957 NCAA University Division Basketball Championship Game, Game summary, Overtime periods\nOut of timeouts, Kearns drove into the lane and put up a shot that was blocked out of bounds by Chamberlain. The following play, Quigg pump-faked and went up for a shot that Chamberlain blocked; however, simultaneously King made contact with Quigg's body while he was shooting and the referees called a shooting foul. Quigg went to the free-throw line for two shots with six seconds to go and made both, giving the Tar Heels the lead 54\u201353. Kansas called a timeout and in-bounded to Loneski who then passed the ball towards Chamberlain who was under the basket.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 58], "section_span": [60, 90], "content_span": [91, 652]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075017-0020-0002", "contents": "1957 NCAA University Division Basketball Championship Game, Game summary, Overtime periods\nThe pass was underthrown, and Quigg tipped the ball away from Chamberlain. Kearns grabbed it and got away from a defender before he threw the ball into the air to run out the clock. Time expired as the ball was in the air and the Tar Heels won the National Championship.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 58], "section_span": [60, 90], "content_span": [91, 361]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075017-0021-0000", "contents": "1957 NCAA University Division Basketball Championship Game, Aftermath\nDespite his team losing the championship game, Kansas' Chamberlain was named the NCAA Tournament's Most Outstanding Player. He was also named to the Consensus All-American squad for the 1956\u201357 season. North Carolina's Rosenbluth was named the Helms Foundation College Basketball Player of the Year for his performance throughout the basketball season, as well as a Consensus All-American. The Tar Heels' coach McGuire was named UPI College Basketball Coach of the Year for leading North Carolina to a win in the National Championship game and a perfect record of 32\u20130.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 58], "section_span": [60, 69], "content_span": [70, 639]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075017-0022-0000", "contents": "1957 NCAA University Division Basketball Championship Game, Aftermath\nWhile coach McGuire and Rosenbluth boarded a plane to New York to appear on The Ed Sullivan Show, the rest of the Tar Heels returned to North Carolina two days later where they landed at Raleigh\u2013Durham International Airport (RDU). Over 10,000 fans greeted the North Carolina squad. Some players were carried by members of the crowd from the airport ramp to the terminal. The airport manager believed the crowd gathered to meet the Tar Heels was the biggest in RDU's history. It was so big it prevented Chancellor Robert House from giving a planned speech for the team. The size of the crowd at the airport was credited to the broadcast of both the national semifinal and National Championship games on television around North Carolina.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 58], "section_span": [60, 69], "content_span": [70, 805]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075017-0023-0000", "contents": "1957 NCAA University Division Basketball Championship Game, Aftermath\nIn Chapel Hill, North Carolina, Tar Heel fans who had watched the game on television flooded Franklin Street after the victory over the Jayhawks. Over two thousand people rushed the street preventing cars from passing for over an hour. Police were required to help maintain order. This has since turned into a tradition where people overrun Franklin Street following a Tar Heel win over the Duke Blue Devils or whenever they have won a National Championship.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 58], "section_span": [60, 69], "content_span": [70, 528]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075017-0024-0000", "contents": "1957 NCAA University Division Basketball Championship Game, Aftermath\nChamberlain was criticized for his inability to lead Kansas to a win in the National Championship game; He later admitted this loss was the most painful in his life. He returned to Kansas for his junior year and to play another season under coach Harp. Chamberlain quickly became frustrated with the opposing teams' way of playing him, which consisted primarily of double- or triple-teaming him to limit his offensive production and effectiveness.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 58], "section_span": [60, 69], "content_span": [70, 517]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075017-0024-0001", "contents": "1957 NCAA University Division Basketball Championship Game, Aftermath\nIn addition, many teams resorted to running out the time on the clock when they had the lead over the Jayhawks to increase their odds of winning the game. After the Jayhawks failed to qualify for the NCAA Tournament that year, Chamberlain decided to forgo his senior season to play with the Harlem Globetrotters. He did not return to Kansas' campus for over 40 years after leaving for the Globetrotters; he finally returned in 1998, the year before his death, when his jersey was retired.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 58], "section_span": [60, 69], "content_span": [70, 558]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075017-0025-0000", "contents": "1957 NCAA University Division Basketball Championship Game, Aftermath\nThe 1957 North Carolina players were awarded watches for their part in the winning the national championship. (In the 1990s, the players were given rings to commemorate their win in the national championship game at the insistence of then-North Carolina coach Dean Smith.) Coach McGuire was given a brand new Carolina blue and white Cadillac by the university and signed a new five-year contract worth $11,500 per year. After seeing the success of televising the tournament's final games, Castleman Chesley believed, \"ACC basketball could be as popular as any TV show in North Carolina.\"", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 58], "section_span": [60, 69], "content_span": [70, 657]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075017-0025-0001", "contents": "1957 NCAA University Division Basketball Championship Game, Aftermath\nThe broadcast of North Carolina's national semifinal and National Championship games led to increased awareness and attention towards basketball around the state. It also led to Chesley and the Atlantic Coast Conference agreeing to a television contract whereby he would broadcast twelve ACC games league-wide during the 1957\u201358 season. The games aired on Saturdays the following season were called the ACC Game of the Week. The television contract allowed the league to expand and increase the conference's visibility. It also led to an increase in ticket sales for the members of the ACC. More children began to pick up the sport of basketball as a result of the increase in the number of ACC games being televised.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 58], "section_span": [60, 69], "content_span": [70, 787]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075018-0000-0000", "contents": "1957 NCAA University Division Basketball Tournament\nThe 1957 NCAA University Division Basketball Tournament involved 23 schools playing in single-elimination play to determine the national champion of men's college basketball in the NCAA University Division, replaced in 1973 by NCAA Division I. The 1956\u201357 school year was the first in which NCAA members were formally divided into separate competitive levels, with larger and more competitive athletic programs placed in the University Division and smaller programs placed in the College Division (which would be replaced by NCAA Division II and NCAA Division III in 1973).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 51], "section_span": [51, 51], "content_span": [52, 625]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075018-0001-0000", "contents": "1957 NCAA University Division Basketball Tournament\nThe 19th edition of the NCAA Tournament began on March 11, 1957, and ended with the championship game on March 23 in Kansas City, Missouri. A total of 27 games were played, including a third-place game in each region and a national third-place game. North Carolina, coached by Frank McGuire, won the national title with a 54\u201353 triple-overtime victory in the final game over Kansas, coached by Dick Harp. Wilt Chamberlain of Kansas became the fourth player to be named the tournament's Most Outstanding Player despite not playing for the championship team.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 51], "section_span": [51, 51], "content_span": [52, 608]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075018-0002-0000", "contents": "1957 NCAA University Division Basketball Tournament, Tournament notes\nNorth Carolina won two consecutive triple overtime games to win the championship. The North Carolina \u2013 Michigan State semi final game and North Carolina \u2013 Kansas final game both made USA Today's list of the greatest NCAA tournament games of all time at 11 and 6 respectively.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 51], "section_span": [53, 69], "content_span": [70, 345]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075018-0003-0000", "contents": "1957 NCAA University Division Basketball Tournament, Locations\nFor the seventh time, Kansas City and the Municipal Auditorium hosted the Final Four. This tied the record, with Madison Square Garden, of hosting the most Final Fours in a single arena all-time, a record it would break in 1961 and which it still holds today. Once again, four new sites were used for the tournament. In the Midwest Regional, Southern Methodist University and the city of Dallas hosted tournament games for the first time at the SMU Coliseum, in its first year of operation.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 51], "section_span": [53, 62], "content_span": [63, 553]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075018-0003-0001", "contents": "1957 NCAA University Division Basketball Tournament, Locations\nThis marked the first games ever in the state of Texas, and the first in the Dallas-Fort Worth Metroplex. Three of the first round sites were also new. In Columbus, another new building, St. John Arena on the campus of Ohio State University, hosted games for the first time, the first games held in the state of Ohio. The state of Idaho became the first of the western mountain states to host games, at Reed Gymnasium on the campus of Idaho State College in Pocatello.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 51], "section_span": [53, 62], "content_span": [63, 531]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075018-0003-0002", "contents": "1957 NCAA University Division Basketball Tournament, Locations\nAnd for the second time in three years, Oklahoma City University hosted the first round at a high school gymnasium, this time at the Capitol Hill High School Gym, a 4,000 seat gym in the southern part of the city. The city would not host games again for twenty years, until the Myriad Convention Center began hosting tournament games. This would also be the only time Reed Gym would host games; subsequent games in Pocatello would be hosted at the Minidome, its successor as home to the Bengals men's basketball team.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 51], "section_span": [53, 62], "content_span": [63, 580]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075019-0000-0000", "contents": "1957 NCAA University Division baseball season\nThe 1957 NCAA University Division baseball season, play of college baseball in the United States organized by the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) began in the spring of 1957. The season progressed through the regular season and concluded with the 1957 College World Series. The College World Series, held for the eleventh time in 1957, consisted of one team from each of eight geographical districts and was held in Omaha, Nebraska at Johnny Rosenblatt Stadium as a double-elimination tournament. California claimed the championship.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 45], "section_span": [45, 45], "content_span": [46, 595]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075019-0001-0000", "contents": "1957 NCAA University Division baseball season, Realignment\nPrior to the 1957 baseball season, the NCAA divided into two divisions: the University Division for larger schools and the College Division for smaller schools.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 45], "section_span": [47, 58], "content_span": [59, 219]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075019-0002-0000", "contents": "1957 NCAA University Division baseball season, Conference winners\nThis is a partial list of conference champions from the 1957 season. Each of the eight geographical districts chose, by various methods, the team that would represent them in the NCAA Tournament. 12 teams earned automatic bids by winning their conference championship while 11 teams earned at-large selections.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 45], "section_span": [47, 65], "content_span": [66, 376]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075019-0003-0000", "contents": "1957 NCAA University Division baseball season, College World Series\nThe 1957 season marked the eleventh NCAA Baseball Tournament, which culminated with the eight team College World Series. The College World Series was held in Omaha, Nebraska. The eight teams played a double-elimination format, with California claiming their second championship with a 1\u20130 win over Penn State in the final.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 45], "section_span": [47, 67], "content_span": [68, 390]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075020-0000-0000", "contents": "1957 NCAA University Division football rankings\nTwo human polls comprised the 1957 NCAA University Division football rankings. Unlike most sports, college football's governing body, the NCAA, does not bestow a national championship, instead that title is bestowed by one or more different polling agencies. There are two main weekly polls that begin in the preseason\u2014the AP Poll and the Coaches' Poll.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 47], "section_span": [47, 47], "content_span": [48, 401]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075020-0001-0000", "contents": "1957 NCAA University Division football rankings, AP Poll\nThe final AP Poll was released on December 2, at the end of the 1957 regular season, weeks before the major bowls. The AP would not release a post-bowl season final poll regularly until 1968.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 47], "section_span": [49, 56], "content_span": [57, 248]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075020-0002-0000", "contents": "1957 NCAA University Division football rankings, Final Coaches' poll\nThe final UPI Coaches Poll was released prior to the bowl games on December 2. Ohio State received 14 of the 35 first-place votes; Auburn received eleven, Michigan State eight, and two to Arizona State.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 47], "section_span": [49, 68], "content_span": [69, 271]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075021-0000-0000", "contents": "1957 NCAA University Division football season\nThe 1957 NCAA University Division football season saw two different national champions. Auburn was ranked first in the AP writers' poll taken at season's end, while Ohio State was first in the UPI coaches' poll. Auburn was ineligible for a bowl game, however, having been placed on probation indefinitely by the Southeastern Conference, after having paid two high school players $500 apiece.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 45], "section_span": [45, 45], "content_span": [46, 437]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075021-0001-0000", "contents": "1957 NCAA University Division football season\nDuring the 20th century, the NCAA had no playoff for the major college football teams in the University Division, later known as Division I-A. The NCAA did recognize a national champion based upon the final results of \"wire service\" (AP and UPI) polls. The extent of that recognition came in the form of acknowledgment in the annual NCAA Football Guide of the \"unofficial\" national champions. The AP poll in 1957 consisted of the votes of as many as 360 sportswriters. The UPI poll was taken of a panel of 35 coaches.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 45], "section_span": [45, 45], "content_span": [46, 563]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075021-0001-0001", "contents": "1957 NCAA University Division football season\nIn both cases, the voters would give their opinion of the ten best teams, and under a point system of 10 points for first place, 9 for second, etc., the \"overall\" ranking was determined. The top teams played on New Year's Day in the four major postseason bowl games: the Rose Bowl (near Los Angeles at Pasadena), the Sugar Bowl (New Orleans), the Orange Bowl (Miami), and the Cotton Bowl Classic (Dallas).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 45], "section_span": [45, 45], "content_span": [46, 451]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075021-0002-0000", "contents": "1957 NCAA University Division football season, September\nIn the preseason poll released on September 16, the defending champion Sooners of the University of Oklahoma\u2014who had won 40 consecutive games in '53, '54, '55, and '56 -- were the first place choice for 127 of 174 writers casting votes, followed by Texas A&M, Michigan State, Minnesota, and Tennessee. As the regular season progressed, a new poll would be issued on the Monday following the weekend's games.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 45], "section_span": [47, 56], "content_span": [57, 464]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075021-0003-0000", "contents": "1957 NCAA University Division football season, September\nSeptember 20 - Abner Haynes and Leon King suit up for  North Texas State College against  Texas Western at Kidd Field in El Paso, marking the first time a major college football team based in Texas fielded African-American players. King scored a 33 yard touchdown, while Haynes had a long touchdown run called back \"despite never stepping out of bounds and the whistle not blowing until he crossed the goal line.\" Texas Western escaped with a 14\u201313 win.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 45], "section_span": [47, 56], "content_span": [57, 510]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075021-0004-0000", "contents": "1957 NCAA University Division football season, September\nSeptember 20\u201321 -  The U.S. Air Force Academy, founded two years earlier played its first major college schedule in 1957. The Falcons made their debut at UCLA on Friday night and lost 47\u20130. They would finish their first season 3\u20136\u20131, but were undefeated the following year. On Saturday, No. 1 Oklahoma won at Pittsburgh 26\u20130. No. 2 Texas A&M beat Maryland 21\u201313 in a game at Dallas. No. 3 Michigan State, No. 4 Minnesota, and No. 5 Tennessee had not yet begun their seasons. No . 11 Georgia Tech beat Kentucky 13\u20130 and rose to third, while No. 12 Navy won 46\u20136 at Boston College and rose to fifth. The first AP poll was 1.Oklahoma, 2.Texas A&M, 3.Georgia Tech, 4.Michigan State, 5.Navy.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 45], "section_span": [47, 56], "content_span": [57, 743]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075021-0005-0000", "contents": "1957 NCAA University Division football season, September\nSeptember 28 - No. 1 Oklahoma was idle. No. 2 Texas A&M won at Texas Tech 21\u20130 and No. 3 Georgia Tech played to a scoreless tie with SMU. No. 4 Michigan State beat Indiana 54\u20130. No. 5 Navy beat visiting William & Mary 33\u20136. No. 6 Minnesota, which beat Washington 46\u20137, and No. 7 Duke, which had beaten Virginia 40\u20130, rose to 3rd and 4th place. The poll was 1.Oklahoma, 2.Michigan State, 3.Minnesota, 4.Duke, and 5.Texas A&M.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 45], "section_span": [47, 56], "content_span": [57, 481]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075021-0006-0000", "contents": "1957 NCAA University Division football season, October\nOctober 5 - No. 1 Oklahoma beat Iowa State 40\u201314. No. 2 Michigan State won at California 19\u20130. No. 3 Minnesota beat visiting Purdue 21\u201317, No. 4 Duke beat Maryland 14\u20130, and No. 5 Texas A&M won at Missouri 28\u20130. The poll was 1.Oklahoma, 2.Michigan State, 3.Texas A & M, 4.Minnesota, and 5.Duke.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 45], "section_span": [47, 54], "content_span": [55, 349]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075021-0007-0000", "contents": "1957 NCAA University Division football season, October\nOctober 12 - A crowd of 75,504 watched in Dallas as No. 1 Oklahoma had a difficult time with unranked Texas; the Longhorns picked off four passes and the score was 7\u20137 at the half before the Sooners preserved their winning streak 21\u20137 in a game that wasn't pretty. At the same time, No. 2 Michigan State won 35\u20136 at Michigan, leading the AP voters to re-evaluate. No. 3 Texas A&M won 28\u20136 over Houston. No. 4 Minnesota won 41\u20136 at Northwestern. No. 5 Duke narrowly beat Rice in Houston, 7\u20136. The Spartans took over the top spot in the next poll: 1.Michigan State, 2.Oklahoma, 3.Texas A & M, 4.Minnesota, and 5.Duke.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 45], "section_span": [47, 54], "content_span": [55, 670]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075021-0008-0000", "contents": "1957 NCAA University Division football season, October\nOctober 19 - No. 1 Michigan State lost 20\u201313 to Purdue and fell out of the top five, and No. 2 Oklahoma beat Kansas 47\u20130 and reclaimed the top spot. No. 3 Texas A&M won 7\u20130 at TCU and No. 4 Minnesota lost at Illinois 34\u201314. No. 5 Duke beat Wake Forest 34\u20137, and No. 6 Iowa beat No. 13 Wisconsin 21\u20137, while No. 9 Auburn beat Georgia Tech 3\u20130 in Atlanta and rose to fifth place in the polls. The poll: 1.Oklahoma, 2.Texas A & M, 3.Iowa, 4.Duke, and 5.Auburn.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 45], "section_span": [47, 54], "content_span": [55, 512]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075021-0009-0000", "contents": "1957 NCAA University Division football season, October\nOctober 26 - No. 1 Oklahoma edged Colorado 14\u201313, and lost the top spot again, despite being 5\u20130. No. 2 Texas A&M beat Baylor 14\u20130, and replaced the Sooners in the next poll. No. 3 Iowa won 6\u20130 at Northwestern and rose to third. No. 4 Duke went to neighboring Raleigh to play North Carolina State, and ended with a 14\u201314 tie. No. 5 Auburn won at Houston 48\u20137. No. 7 Notre Dame beat Pittsburgh 13\u20137 and rose to fifth. The poll: 1.Texas A & M, 2.Oklahoma, 3.Iowa, 4.Auburn, and 5.Notre Dame.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 45], "section_span": [47, 54], "content_span": [55, 544]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075021-0010-0000", "contents": "1957 NCAA University Division football season, November\nNovember 2 - No. 1 Texas A&M got past host Arkansas 7\u20136, and No. 2 Oklahoma won at Kansas State 13\u20130. No. 3 Iowa played Michigan to a 21\u201321 tie, and No. 4 Auburn beat Florida 13\u20130. No. 5 Notre Dame lost 20\u20136 to visiting Navy, and No. 6 Michigan State won 21\u20137 at Wisconsin and rose to fifth. The poll: 1.Texas A & M, 2.Oklahoma, 3.Auburn, 4.Michigan State, and 5.Iowa.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 45], "section_span": [47, 55], "content_span": [56, 424]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075021-0011-0000", "contents": "1957 NCAA University Division football season, November\nNovember 9 - No. 1 Texas A&M beat SMU 19\u20136 and No. 2 Oklahoma won at Missouri 39\u201314. No. 3 Auburn beat Mississippi State 15\u20137 in Birmingham, No. 4 Michigan State beat Notre Dame 34\u20136, and No. 5 Iowa beat Minnesota 44\u201320. The poll remained unchanged.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 45], "section_span": [47, 55], "content_span": [56, 305]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075021-0012-0000", "contents": "1957 NCAA University Division football season, November\nNovember 16 - No. 1 Texas A&M lost 7\u20136 to Rice in Houston. No. 2 Oklahoma had not lost a game since early in 1953, had won 47 consecutive games, when they hosted Notre Dame. The Irish, 4\u20132 and on a losing streak, were an 18\u2013point underdog coming into Norman. The Sooners, who had scored in 123 consecutive games (dating back to 1945), were unable to reach the end zone, but had held off the Irish on two goal line stands.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 45], "section_span": [47, 55], "content_span": [56, 477]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075021-0012-0001", "contents": "1957 NCAA University Division football season, November\nIn the final minutes, Notre Dame was on the 3\u2013yard line on fourth down, when Dick Lynch \"crossed up the Sooners\" and ran around right end for a touchdown. Oklahoma's desperate passing drive at game's end was stopped by a Notre Dame interception, and the crowd of 62,000 was stunned into silence... and then stood up and applauded for both the Sooners and the Irish. The previous defeat, more than four years earlier, had been at the hands of Notre Dame as well. Final score: Notre Dame 7, Oklahoma 0.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 45], "section_span": [47, 55], "content_span": [56, 556]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075021-0012-0002", "contents": "1957 NCAA University Division football season, November\nNo. 3 Auburn beat Georgia 6\u20130 at Columbus, Georgia while No. 4 Michigan State beat Minnesota 42\u201313. No. 5 Iowa lost 17\u201313 at No. 6 Ohio State; the 7\u20131 Buckeyes rose to third, while the 6\u20131\u20131 Hawkeyes fell to eighth. No. 8 Mississippi, which beat Tennessee 14\u20137 in Memphis, rose to fifth. The poll: 1.Michigan State, 2.Auburn, 3.Ohio State, 4.Texas A&M, and 5.Mississippi.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 45], "section_span": [47, 55], "content_span": [56, 427]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075021-0013-0000", "contents": "1957 NCAA University Division football season, November\nNovember 23 - No. 1 Michigan State closed its season with a 27\u20130 win over Kansas State, but fell to third. No. 2 Auburn, on probation, won at Florida State 29\u20137. As the only unbeaten (9\u20130) school among the majors, Auburn was voted No. 1 in the AP poll. No. 3 Ohio State wrapped up its season with a win 31\u201314 at Michigan and was first in the UPI poll. No. 4 Texas A&M lost 9\u20137 to Texas, No. 5 Mississippi was idle, and No. 6 Oklahoma won 53\u20136 at Nebraska and returned to the top five. The poll: 1.Auburn, 2.Ohio State, 3.Michigan State, 4.Texas A&M, and 5.Oklahoma.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 45], "section_span": [47, 55], "content_span": [56, 621]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075021-0014-0000", "contents": "1957 NCAA University Division football season, November\nNovember 28\u201330 - Thanksgiving Day saw Bear Bryant's No. 4 Texas A&M team lose 9\u20137 to Texas. On Saturday, No. 1 Auburn shut out rival Alabama 40\u20130 at their annual meeting in Birmingham to close its season 10\u20130, while the Crimson Tide finished at 2\u20137\u20131. Bryant, who had transformed the Aggies from a 1\u20139 team in 1953 to a contender, would accept the job as head coach at his alma mater Alabama at season's end.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 45], "section_span": [47, 55], "content_span": [56, 464]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075021-0014-0001", "contents": "1957 NCAA University Division football season, November\nNo. 2 Ohio State and No. 3 Michigan State were both 8\u20131 in the regular season, but Ohio State was 7\u20130 in Big Ten play, compared to the 5\u20131 Spartans, and got the Rose Bowl bid. No. 5 Oklahoma beat Oklahoma State 53\u20136. No. 8 Navy, which won the Army-Navy game 14\u20130 in Philadelphia, finished with an 8\u20131\u20131 record, a bid to meet Rice in the Cotton Bowl, and a fifth-place finish in the final poll.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 45], "section_span": [47, 55], "content_span": [56, 449]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075021-0015-0000", "contents": "1957 NCAA University Division football season, November\nThe services were split as to the national champion. The AP Trophy went to Auburn, the choice of a majority of writers for No. 1, and the only major college program to finish unbeaten (Arizona State, then a lesser power, also finished 10\u20130). Auburn, however, was on probation and was ineligible for a bowl, and the UPI coaches poll awarded No. 1 to the Ohio State Buckeyes (8\u20131). Both Auburn and Ohio State are recognized in the NCAA Football Guidebook as unofficial national champions for 1957. The final AP poll was: 1.Auburn, 2.Ohio State, 3.Michigan State, 4.Oklahoma, and 5.Navy, while the UPI poll was 1.Ohio State, 2.Auburn, 3.Michigan State, 4.Oklahoma, and 5.Iowa.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 45], "section_span": [47, 55], "content_span": [56, 729]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075021-0016-0000", "contents": "1957 NCAA University Division football season, Final results\nSix college football teams finished the 1957 season with unbeaten and untied records. The Arizona State Sun Devils, with a 10\u20130 record, had the greatest point differential among the four teams with 10 wins. The Sun Devils scored 396 points while allowing only 66. Second was Pittsburg of Kansas (320/53) which was an NAIA team, followed by Middle Tennessee State (241/40) and Auburn (207/28). The remaining undefeated teams had fewer than 10 wins. Three undefeated teams each had nine, eight, seven, and six wins.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 45], "section_span": [47, 60], "content_span": [61, 574]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075022-0000-0000", "contents": "1957 NCAA Wrestling Championships\nThe 1957 NCAA Wrestling Championships were the 27th NCAA Wrestling Championships to be held. University of Pittsburgh in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania hosted the tournament at Fitzgerald Field House.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [33, 33], "content_span": [34, 228]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075022-0001-0000", "contents": "1957 NCAA Wrestling Championships\nOklahoma took home the team championship with 73 points and having two individual champions.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [33, 33], "content_span": [34, 126]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075022-0002-0000", "contents": "1957 NCAA Wrestling Championships\nDan Hodge of Oklahoma was named the Most Outstanding Wrestler.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [33, 33], "content_span": [34, 96]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075023-0000-0000", "contents": "1957 NFL Championship Game\nThe 1957 National Football League Championship Game was the 25th annual championship game, held on December 29 at Briggs Stadium in Detroit, Michigan.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [26, 26], "content_span": [27, 177]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075023-0001-0000", "contents": "1957 NFL Championship Game\nThe Detroit Lions (8\u20134), winners of the Western Conference, hosted the Cleveland Browns (9\u20132\u20131), champions of the Eastern Conference. Detroit had won the regular season game 20\u20137 three weeks earlier on December 8, also at Briggs Stadium, but lost quarterback Bobby Layne with a broken right ankle late in the first half. Reserve quarterback Tobin Rote, a starter the previous year with Green Bay, filled in for Layne and won that game with Cleveland, the next week at Chicago, and the tiebreaker playoff game at San Francisco.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [26, 26], "content_span": [27, 553]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075023-0002-0000", "contents": "1957 NFL Championship Game\nIt was the fourth pairing of the two teams in the championship game; they met previously in 1952, 1953, and 1954. The Browns, idle the previous week,  were favored by three points, but the home underdog Lions scored two touchdowns in each quarter and won in a rout, 59\u201314.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [26, 26], "content_span": [27, 299]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075023-0003-0000", "contents": "1957 NFL Championship Game\nUntil 2006, this was the last time that major professional teams from Michigan and Ohio met in a postseason game (or series) in any sport. As of 2021, this is the last NFL playoff game played in the city of Detroit other than Super Bowl XL in February 2006. The Lions' other two home playoff games since (1991 and 1993) were at the Silverdome in suburban Pontiac.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [26, 26], "content_span": [27, 390]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075023-0004-0000", "contents": "1957 NFL Championship Game, Players in the Hall of Fame\nTwelve individuals (including coaches and administration) who were involved in this game are members of the Pro Football Hall of Fame. Lions' QB Bobby Layne was injured earlier in the month and did not play.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [28, 55], "content_span": [56, 263]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075023-0005-0000", "contents": "1957 NFL Championship Game, Game summary\nThe home underdog Lions were without starting quarterback Layne due to a broken ankle three weeks earlier against the Browns. Backup quarterback Tobin Rote filled in admirably following Layne's injury, winning every game, including a 24-point rally in the tiebreaker playoff over the 49ers the previous week. In his eighth season, Rote threw four touchdown passes in the title game, completing 12 of 19 passes for 280 yards, and also ran for a touchdown. Browns quarterbacks Tommy O'Connell and Milt Plum, on the other hand hit on a combined total of 9 of 22 passes for 112 yards. Taking full advantage of a pass interception and a fumble, Detroit ran up a 17\u20130 lead in the first quarter. Rookie running back Jim Brown gave the Cleveland rooters some hope with a 29-yard touchdown run at the start of the second period.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [28, 40], "content_span": [41, 860]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075023-0006-0000", "contents": "1957 NFL Championship Game, Game summary\nThings went from bad to worse for the Browns, hampered by injuries to quarterbacks O'Connell and Plum. The Lions romped for 14 points in each of the last three quarters,and won by 45 points, 59\u201314. In their final six quarters of play (including their previous divisional playoff), the Lions outscored their opponents 83-17.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [28, 40], "content_span": [41, 364]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075023-0007-0000", "contents": "1957 NFL Championship Game, Officials\nThe NFL had five game officials in 1957; the line judge was added in 1965 and the side judge in 1978.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [28, 37], "content_span": [38, 139]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075023-0008-0000", "contents": "1957 NFL Championship Game, Players' shares\nThe gross receipts for the game, including radio and television rights, were just under $594,000, the highest to date. Each player on the winning Lions team received $4,295, while Browns players made $2,750 each.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [28, 43], "content_span": [44, 256]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075023-0009-0000", "contents": "1957 NFL Championship Game, Lions' last title\nThe Lions have not appeared in an NFL championship game (including the Super Bowl) since this title 64\u00a0years ago. It was their last postseason appearance until 1970 and their last postseason home game and victory until 1991. That was also the only time the Lions have advanced as far as the Conference Championship game\u2014losing the NFC Championship Game 41\u201310 to the Washington Redskins, who went on to win Super Bowl XXVI.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [28, 45], "content_span": [46, 468]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075024-0000-0000", "contents": "1957 NFL Draft\nThe 1957 National Football League draft had its first four rounds held on November 26, 1956, at the Warwick Hotel in Philadelphia and its final twenty-six rounds on January 31, 1957 at the Bellevue-Stratford Hotel also in Philadelphia.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [14, 14], "content_span": [15, 250]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075025-0000-0000", "contents": "1957 NFL playoffs\nThe 1957 National Football League season resulted in a tie for the Western Conference championship between the Detroit Lions and San Francisco 49ers. Both finished at 8\u20134 and had split their two games during the regular season in November, with the home team winning each.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [17, 17], "content_span": [18, 290]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075025-0001-0000", "contents": "1957 NFL playoffs\nThe tie thus required a one-game playoff to be held between the two teams. This conference championship game was played on December 22 at Kezar Stadium in San Francisco, and Detroit won, 31\u201327.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [17, 17], "content_span": [18, 211]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075025-0002-0000", "contents": "1957 NFL playoffs\nThe Lions moved on to host the Cleveland Browns on December 29 in the championship game, and won in a 59\u201314 rout at Briggs Stadium for their third title in six years. Through 2020, it is Detroit's most recent league title, and second-most recent victory in a postseason game.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [17, 17], "content_span": [18, 293]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075025-0003-0000", "contents": "1957 NFL playoffs, Western Conference championship\nThe Lions trailed the 49ers 24\u20137 at halftime, and were down twenty points in the third quarter. Quarterback Bobby Layne had been lost for the season two weeks earlier, and backup Tobin Rote lead the Lions' rally, scoring 24 unanswered points in the second half to win, 31\u201327. The game was featured on NFL Top 10 as #2 on Top Ten Comebacks. As of 2021, this is the last time the Lions have won a playoff game on the road.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 50], "content_span": [51, 471]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075026-0000-0000", "contents": "1957 NFL season\nThe 1957 NFL season was the 38th regular season of the National Football League. The season ended with the Detroit Lions defeating the Cleveland Browns in the NFL championship game, 59\u201314.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 15], "section_span": [15, 15], "content_span": [16, 204]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075026-0001-0000", "contents": "1957 NFL season, Draft\nThe 1957 NFL Draft was held on November 26, 1956 and January 31, 1957 at Philadelphia's Warwick Hotel and The Bellevue-Stratford Hotel. With the first pick, the Green Bay Packers selected halfback Paul Hornung from the University of Notre Dame.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 15], "section_span": [17, 22], "content_span": [23, 267]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075026-0002-0000", "contents": "1957 NFL season, Conference races\nCleveland won its opener, 6\u20133 over the Giants, and led the Eastern Conference from wire to wire. A 17\u20137 loss to the Eagles in Week Four forced the Browns to share the lead with New York, but the Giants lost the following week, and spent the rest of the season trying to catch Cleveland.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 15], "section_span": [17, 33], "content_span": [34, 320]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075026-0003-0000", "contents": "1957 NFL season, Conference races\nThe Western Conference race was more protracted. Baltimore, Detroit, and San Francisco were tied for the lead several times, and had identical 7\u20134 records at the end of the penultimate week. When two teams tied for first place, they would meet in a one-game playoff. The NFL did have a provision for that: \"If all three teams win, tie, or lose, then a two-week playoff series begins next Sunday with Baltimore drawing a bye, San Francisco playing Detroit, and the winner meeting the Colts at Baltimore Dec. 29.\" Detroit and San Francisco both won while starting their backup quarterbacks (Tobin Rote and rookie John Brodie, respectively), but the Colts lost, so the additional playoff never took place.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 15], "section_span": [17, 33], "content_span": [34, 736]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075026-0004-0000", "contents": "1957 NFL season, Final standings\nNote: Tie games were not officially counted in the standings until 1972.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 15], "section_span": [17, 32], "content_span": [33, 105]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075026-0005-0000", "contents": "1957 NFL season, Stadium changes\nThe Green Bay Packers moved from City Stadium to New City Stadium", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 15], "section_span": [17, 32], "content_span": [33, 98]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075027-0000-0000", "contents": "1957 NSWRFL season\n1957's New South Wales Rugby Football League premiership was the 50th season of the rugby league competition based in Sydney. Ten teams from across the city competed for the J. J. Giltinan Shield during the season, which culminated in a grand final between St. George and Manly-Warringah.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 18], "section_span": [18, 18], "content_span": [19, 307]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075027-0001-0000", "contents": "1957 NSWRFL season, Season summary, Teams\n50th seasonGround: North Sydney OvalCoach: Trevor AllanCaptain: Ken McCaffery,  Bob Dawson", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 18], "section_span": [20, 41], "content_span": [42, 132]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075027-0002-0000", "contents": "1957 NSWRFL season, Finals, Grand Final\nUnder 27 year-old coach Ken Arthurson, Manly were playing in their second grand final. The match began with Saints pounding the (then called) 'Seagulls' with some heavy tackling. Brian Clay in particular targeted Manly's Rex Mossop, often trapping the dual international forward with the ball. \u201cPoppa\u201d Clay had a fearsome reputation in defence and at one point he knocked the Manly captain George Hunter senseless.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 18], "section_span": [20, 39], "content_span": [40, 454]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075027-0003-0000", "contents": "1957 NSWRFL season, Finals, Grand Final\nManly were up to the task in the first half with the score locked at 4\u20134 for 30 minutes. Straight after half time, the flood gates opened following a magnificent run up the centre by second-row forward Norm Provan. He palmed off Manly defenders, ran deep into their territory, high stepped past fullback Ron Willey and slipped the ball to Poppa Clay who scored under the posts.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 18], "section_span": [20, 39], "content_span": [40, 417]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075027-0004-0000", "contents": "1957 NSWRFL season, Finals, Grand Final\nA second Dragon try followed within three minutes and the game began to slip away from the Manly side. The Larry Writer reference quotes Manly coach Arthurson: \"The sheer physical strength of the St. George team is in itself a formidable thing to overcome. Our fellows tried everything, but St. George had so much more to give. Those big fellows are so clever.\"", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 18], "section_span": [20, 39], "content_span": [40, 401]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075027-0005-0000", "contents": "1957 NSWRFL season, Finals, Grand Final\nHarry Bath kicked eight goals from eight attempts establishing a standing record for the most goals in a grand final and the most points scored in a grand final (16). His fellow ball playing forward and tactician Ken Kearney had returned for this, the first of five successful seasons as coach (four as captain-coach).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 18], "section_span": [20, 39], "content_span": [40, 358]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075027-0006-0000", "contents": "1957 NSWRFL season, Finals, Grand Final\nSt. George 31 (Tries: Clay 2, Ryan, Fifield, Lumsden. Goals: Bath 8.)", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 18], "section_span": [20, 39], "content_span": [40, 109]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075028-0000-0000", "contents": "1957 Naples Grand Prix\nThe 10th Naples Grand Prix was a motor race, run to Formula One rules, held on 28 April 1957 at Posillipo Circuit, Naples. The race was run over 60 laps of the circuit, and was won by British driver Peter Collins in a Lancia-Ferrari D50.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [22, 22], "content_span": [23, 260]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075029-0000-0000", "contents": "1957 National Challenge Cup\nThe 1957 National Challenge Cup was the 44th edition of the United States Soccer Football Association's annual open soccer championship.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [27, 27], "content_span": [28, 164]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075030-0000-0000", "contents": "1957 National Invitation Tournament\nThe 1957 National Invitation Tournament was the 1957 edition of the annual NCAA college basketball competition.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [35, 35], "content_span": [36, 147]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075030-0001-0000", "contents": "1957 National Invitation Tournament, Selected teams\nBelow is a list of the 12 teams selected for the tournament.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 51], "content_span": [52, 112]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075031-0000-0000", "contents": "1957 Navy Midshipmen football team\nThe 1957 Navy Midshipmen football team represented the United States Naval Academy (USNA) as an independent during the 1957 NCAA University Division football season. Led by eighth-year head coach Eddie Erdelatz, the Midshipmen shut out #10 Army 14\u20130 to end the regular season at 8\u20131\u20131; they were ranked fifth in the final polls, released in early December.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [34, 34], "content_span": [35, 391]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075031-0001-0000", "contents": "1957 Navy Midshipmen football team\nIn December, Navy won its third Lambert Trophy, an award for the season's best college football team in the East. The Middies had previously won the award in 1943 and 1954. Navy and the small-college winner of the Lambert Cup, Lehigh, were lauded as proof that a university could field a competitive football team without compromising its academic standards.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [34, 34], "content_span": [35, 393]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075031-0002-0000", "contents": "1957 Navy Midshipmen football team\nFavored by a point, Navy won the Cotton Bowl 20\u20137 over eighth-ranked Rice on New Year's Day.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [34, 34], "content_span": [35, 127]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075032-0000-0000", "contents": "1957 Nebraska Cornhuskers football team\nThe 1957 Nebraska Cornhuskers football team was the representative of the University of Nebraska and member of the Big 7 Conference in the 1957 NCAA University Division football season. The team was coached by Bill Jennings and played their home games at Memorial Stadium in Lincoln, Nebraska.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [39, 39], "content_span": [40, 333]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075032-0001-0000", "contents": "1957 Nebraska Cornhuskers football team, Before the season\nNew head coach Jennings had only been on the Nebraska football staff for one year, as backfield coach, before ascending to the top spot. With three new assistants on staff, he faced a very difficult 1957 schedule. A home opener against Washington State would be followed by three straight road games, one of which was against longtime nemesis Pittsburgh. Upon the return to Lincoln there would be one more nonconference game against always-tough Syracuse, the first meeting of these teams since 1929. Now in its 16th year, the long stretch of Nebraska futility would be difficult to halt against this slate.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 58], "content_span": [59, 666]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075032-0002-0000", "contents": "1957 Nebraska Cornhuskers football team, Game summaries, Washington State\nThese teams had only met one time prior, a 21-20 defeat of the Cornhuskers in Lincoln in 1920. The Cougars brought with them a reputation as an outstanding passing offense, and true to form used their game plan to roll up points by air faster than Nebraska could respond by ground. The Bill Jennings era opened with a loss.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 73], "content_span": [74, 397]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075032-0003-0000", "contents": "1957 Nebraska Cornhuskers football team, Game summaries, Army\nIn the first meeting of these teams, the Black Knights of West Point utterly obliterated the Cornhuskers in front of a relatively small Michie Stadium crowd. No matter which way they turned, by air or ground, all of Nebraska's attempts to at least avoid the shutout were thwarted. Army went on to finish the season ranked #18 by the AP Poll.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 61], "content_span": [62, 403]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075032-0004-0000", "contents": "1957 Nebraska Cornhuskers football team, Game summaries, Kansas State\nThe Cornhuskers traveled to Manhattan for the first Big 7 contest of the season, again in front of a sparse crowd. While the Cornhuskers managed only two touchdowns on the day, the hapless Wildcats were unable to move the ball enough to score more than once. Nebraska had notched the first win of the year and improved to 32-7-2 in the Kansas State series to date, but there was little time to celebrate. The difficult road trip to Pittsburgh, now ranked #20 by the AP Poll, was next up.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 69], "content_span": [70, 557]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075032-0005-0000", "contents": "1957 Nebraska Cornhuskers football team, Game summaries, Pittsburgh\nFor the second time of the season, Nebraska was dealt a punishing road game shutout defeat, this time at the hands of bitter rival Pittsburgh. The Panthers, who nearly always seemed to have Nebraska's number, improved to 15-3-3 over the Cornhuskers all time with their sixth straight win in the series. Nebraska had now stumbled out to a 1-3 start thanks in part to the grueling schedule, and the situation was not looking like it would improve.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 67], "content_span": [68, 513]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075032-0006-0000", "contents": "1957 Nebraska Cornhuskers football team, Game summaries, Syracuse\nRenewing an old series last updated in 1929, the Orangemen arrived in Lincoln as Nebraska's final nonconference foe of the year. Unfortunately for the struggling Cornhuskers, the slide continued as Syracuse handled the Big Red's efforts with relative ease. With the win, Syracuse also evened up the all-time series between the programs at 4-4-0.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 65], "content_span": [66, 411]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075032-0007-0000", "contents": "1957 Nebraska Cornhuskers football team, Game summaries, Missouri\nReturning to the Big 7 schedule, the downtrodden Cornhuskers traveled to Columbia to face Missouri, and to defend their custody of the Victory Bell. The tone of the season seemed to be set, however, and Nebraska's three-game winning streak against the Tigers was broken by a painful single-point 13-14 loss. Though the Cornhuskers still held a daunting series lead of 28-19-3, the Bell was handed over to the Tigers.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 65], "content_span": [66, 482]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075032-0008-0000", "contents": "1957 Nebraska Cornhuskers football team, Game summaries, Kansas\nNebraska's hopes to put up a win for the homecoming crowd in Lincoln were dashed when Kansas arrived and dealt a two-point loss to the Cornhuskers, snapping Nebraska's five-game winning streak over the Jayhawks. The Cornhuskers still held a commanding 46-14-3 series edge, but were now just 1-6 on the season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 63], "content_span": [64, 373]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075032-0009-0000", "contents": "1957 Nebraska Cornhuskers football team, Game summaries, Iowa State\nIf there was hope for a victory to break the slide, it would have most likely been placed against the Cyclones, over which the Cornhuskers had run off 11 straight wins. Iowa State was well aware of Nebraska's skid, and were not intimidated by the visitors from Lincoln. Not only did the Cyclones snap their losing streak, they also dealt the season's third shutout defeat to the Cornhuskers in front of a surprisingly sparse crowd. This loss was Nebraska's fifth in a row, tying an all-time losing streak record set in 1941 and tied in 1945. The Cornhuskers still held a 41-9-1 lead in the series, but this loss was perhaps the lowest point of a very low season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 67], "content_span": [68, 730]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075032-0010-0000", "contents": "1957 Nebraska Cornhuskers football team, Game summaries, Colorado\nNebraska had just one more game with any hope of a victory before facing the defending league champion Sooners. Even with home field advantage, however, the Cornhuskers fell again and were handed the year's fourth shutout loss, at the hands of the Buffaloes. Colorado's win narrowed the series to 9-7-0, and set a new Nebraska all-time record of six consecutive losses.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 65], "content_span": [66, 435]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075032-0011-0000", "contents": "1957 Nebraska Cornhuskers football team, Game summaries, Oklahoma\nAny fight that might have been left in Nebraska, as they marched onto the field at Memorial Stadium with only a 1-8 record to show for their work, was quickly expended shortly after the season-ending rivalry with Oklahoma was underway. The Sooners were in fact prevented from scoring in the first quarter, a noteworthy accomplishment when considering the opponent, but Nebraska soon folded under the onslaught and ended the 1957 campaign with another loss, the 15th in a row to Oklahoma. Nebraska's all-time losing streak record was extended to seven with the defeat, as the Sooners took over the series at 17-16-3. Oklahoma went on to finish the season ranked #4 by the AP Poll.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 65], "content_span": [66, 745]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075032-0012-0000", "contents": "1957 Nebraska Cornhuskers football team, After the season\nIt was known going in that Coach Jennings' first year was going to be a tough season, but that did not soften the sting of a 1-9 final record, the most losses in a single season and the worst overall season record in program history. The only other prior year that the Cornhusker football squad had only pulled down a single win was 1899's 1-7-1 campaign. Nebraska's overall program record tumbled to 352-198-34 (.009), the seventh straight year to see a drop in winning percentage, as the Big 7 history also slipped, to 147-63-12 (.689).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 57], "content_span": [58, 596]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075033-0000-0000", "contents": "1957 Nemzeti Bajnoks\u00e1g I, Overview\nIt was contested by 12 teams, and Vasas SC won the championship.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 34], "content_span": [35, 99]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075034-0000-0000", "contents": "1957 Nevada Wolf Pack football team\nThe 1957 Nevada Wolf Pack football team represented the University of Nevada during the 1957 NCAA College Division football season. Nevada competed as a member of the Far Western Conference (FWC). The Wolf Pack were led by third-year head coach Gordon McEachron and played their home games at Mackay Stadium.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [35, 35], "content_span": [36, 344]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075034-0001-0000", "contents": "1957 Nevada Wolf Pack football team, Previous season\nThe Wolf Pack finished the 1956 season 0\u20137\u20131 and 0\u20134\u20131 in FWC play to finish in fourth place.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 52], "content_span": [53, 146]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075035-0000-0000", "contents": "1957 New Caledonian legislative election\nLegislative elections were held in New Caledonia on 6 October 1957. The result was a victory for the Caledonian Union, which won 18 of the 30 seats.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [40, 40], "content_span": [41, 189]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075035-0001-0000", "contents": "1957 New Caledonian legislative election, Electoral system\nPrior to the elections the 25-seat General Council was replaced by a 30-seat Territorial Assembly. The new body was elected by open list proportional representation.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [42, 58], "content_span": [59, 224]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075035-0002-0000", "contents": "1957 New Caledonian legislative election, Electoral system\nThe elections were held under universal suffrage, with around 33,600 registered voters, of which 18,964 were Kanaks and 13,406 Europeans.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [42, 58], "content_span": [59, 196]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075035-0003-0000", "contents": "1957 New Caledonian legislative election, Campaign\nA total of 123 candidates contested the 30 seats, representing eight parties. The campaign started on 16 September, and was reported by Pacific Islands Monthly to have been \"mild, with hardly an unkind word exchanged\".", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [42, 50], "content_span": [51, 269]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075035-0004-0000", "contents": "1957 New Caledonian legislative election, Results\nOf the 30 elected members, 17 were Europeans and 13 Kanaks.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [42, 49], "content_span": [50, 109]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075035-0005-0000", "contents": "1957 New Caledonian legislative election, Aftermath\nAn eight-member cabinet was elected by the Territorial Assembly in late October. All eight ministers were from the Caledonian Union.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [42, 51], "content_span": [52, 184]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075036-0000-0000", "contents": "1957 New Hampshire Wildcats football team\nThe 1957 New Hampshire Wildcats football team was an American football team that represented the University of New Hampshire as a member of the Yankee Conference during the 1957 college football season. In its ninth year under head coach Chief Boston, the team compiled a 0\u20137\u20131 record (0\u20133\u20131 against conference opponents) and finished last out of six teams in the Yankee Conference.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 41], "section_span": [41, 41], "content_span": [42, 424]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075037-0000-0000", "contents": "1957 New Jersey State Senate election\nThe 1957 New Jersey State Senate elections were held on November 5.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [37, 37], "content_span": [38, 105]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075037-0001-0000", "contents": "1957 New Jersey State Senate election\nThe elections coincided with the re-election of Governor Robert Meyner. Ten of New Jersey's 21 counties elected Senators. Democrats gained one seat in Passaic County, where Anthony J. Grossi unseated incumbent Republican Frank W. Shershin.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [37, 37], "content_span": [38, 277]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075038-0000-0000", "contents": "1957 New Jersey gubernatorial election\nThe 1957 New Jersey gubernatorial election was held on November 5, 1957. Incumbent Democrat Robert B. Meyner defeated Republican nominee Malcolm Forbes with 54.55% of the vote.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [38, 38], "content_span": [39, 215]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075039-0000-0000", "contents": "1957 New Mexico A&M Aggies football team\nThe 1957 New Mexico A&M Aggies football team was an American football team that represented New Mexico College of Agriculture and Mechanical Arts (now known as New Mexico State University) as a member of the Border Conference during the 1957 NCAA University Division football season. In their third and final year under head coach Tony Cavallo, the Aggies compiled a 3\u20137 record (0\u20134 against conference opponents), finished last in the conference, and were outscored by a total of 215 to 157. The team played its home games at Memorial Stadium.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [40, 40], "content_span": [41, 584]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075040-0000-0000", "contents": "1957 New Mexico Lobos football team\nThe 1957 New Mexico Lobos football team represented the University of New Mexico in the Skyline Conference during the 1957 NCAA University Division football season. In their second and final season under head coach Dick Clausen, the Lobos compiled a 4\u20136 record (2\u20134 against Skyline opponents), finished fifth in the conference, and were outscored by opponents by a total of 144 to 140. The Lobos won four of five games to open the season, but closed the season with five consecutive losses.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [35, 35], "content_span": [36, 526]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075040-0001-0000", "contents": "1957 New Mexico Lobos football team\nThe team's statistical leaders included Chuck Roberts with 305 passing yards and Don Perkins with 744 rushing yards and 162 receiving yards.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [35, 35], "content_span": [36, 176]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075040-0002-0000", "contents": "1957 New Mexico Lobos football team\nIn May 1958, Dick Clausen retired as New Mexico's head football coach to become the athletic director at the University of Arizona. Clausen was immediately replaced by Marv Levy.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [35, 35], "content_span": [36, 214]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075041-0000-0000", "contents": "1957 New Year Honours\nThe New Year Honours 1957 were appointments in many of the Commonwealth realms of Queen Elizabeth II to various orders and honours to reward and highlight good works by citizens of those countries. They were announced in supplements to the London Gazette of 28 December 1956 to celebrate the year passed and mark the beginning of 1957.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [21, 21], "content_span": [22, 357]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075041-0001-0000", "contents": "1957 New Year Honours\nAt this time honours for Australians were awarded both in the United Kingdom honours, on the advice of the premiers of Australian states, and also in a separate Australia honours list.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [21, 21], "content_span": [22, 206]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075041-0002-0000", "contents": "1957 New Year Honours\nThe recipients of honours are displayed here as they were styled before their new honour, and arranged by honour, with classes (Knight, Knight Grand Cross, etc.) and then divisions (Military, Civil, etc.) as appropriate.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [21, 21], "content_span": [22, 242]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075041-0003-0000", "contents": "1957 New Year Honours, United Kingdom and Commonwealth, Royal Victorian Order, Member of the Royal Victorian Order (MVO)\nAt this time the two lowest classes of the Royal Victorian Order were \"Member (fourth class)\" and \"Member (fifth class)\", both with post-nominal letters MVO. \"Member (fourth class)\" was renamed \"Lieutenant\" (LVO) from the 1985 New Year Honours onwards.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [23, 120], "content_span": [121, 373]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075042-0000-0000", "contents": "1957 New Year Honours (New Zealand)\nThe 1957 New Year Honours in New Zealand were appointments by Elizabeth II on the advice of the New Zealand government to various orders and honours to reward and highlight good works by New Zealanders. The awards celebrated the passing of 1956 and the beginning of 1957, and were announced on 1 January 1957.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [35, 35], "content_span": [36, 345]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075042-0001-0000", "contents": "1957 New Year Honours (New Zealand)\nThe recipients of honours are displayed here as they were styled before their new honour.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [35, 35], "content_span": [36, 125]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075043-0000-0000", "contents": "1957 New York City mayoral election\nThe New York City mayoral election of 1957 occurred on Tuesday, November 5, 1957. Incumbent Democratic Mayor Robert F. Wagner, Jr. going on to won re-election for a second term in office. Wagner defeated the Republican nominee, businessman Robert K. Christenberry.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [35, 35], "content_span": [36, 300]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075043-0001-0000", "contents": "1957 New York City mayoral election, Campaign\nIncumbent Mayor Robert F. Wagner, Jr. chose to run for reelection to a second term. Wagner received the backing of the powerful Tammany Hall political machine. There was debate within the Liberal Party over their strategy for the 1957 elections. Since the middle of the 1950s, there was increasing pressure for the party to fold and merge with the Democrats. Factions within the party believed the Democrats had evolved past machine politics, meaning there was no need for continued existence of the Liberals.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 45], "content_span": [46, 555]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075043-0001-0001", "contents": "1957 New York City mayoral election, Campaign\nUltimately the view of party father David Dubinsky prevailed; the Liberals would endorse worthy Democrats and Republicans but maintain a separate structure. The Liberals voted by 280 to 23 on July 10 that they would endorse Wagner for Mayor while running their own candidates for city council races. This was met with criticism by the pro-Liberal New York Post, which labelled the endorsement as \"surrender\". Wagner also appeared on the City Fusion, an anti-Tammany party, ballot line.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 45], "content_span": [46, 531]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075043-0002-0000", "contents": "1957 New York City mayoral election, Campaign\nOn June 27, the Republican party nominated Robert K. Christenberry at the Ambassador Hotel, of which Christenberry was the president. Though Christenberry had never held elected office, he had previously he was a friend of former governor Thomas Dewey and had been appointed by Dewey to the state Athletic Commission. Christenberry had also served as Vice Consul in Vladivostok and the Dominican Republic as well as the American representative at the inauguration of Paraguayan President Alfredo Stroessner.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 45], "content_span": [46, 553]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075043-0002-0001", "contents": "1957 New York City mayoral election, Campaign\nAt the start of his campaign, Christenberry attacked Mayor Wagner, saying he had \"a record of indecision\" and a \"failure to face up to problems\". Christenberry centered his campaign around a plan to hire 5,000 new police officers to reduce crime, the reduction of graft and corruption in city government, and halting New York City's population loss. Throughout the campaign, Christenberry attacked Wagner on the issue of crime and claimed that the administration had \"miserably failed\" on that issue.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 45], "content_span": [46, 546]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075043-0003-0000", "contents": "1957 New York City mayoral election, Campaign\nThe Republican Party split when Vito P. Battista, a sometime Republican, announced a bid for mayor under the banner of the self-created United Taxpayers Party. Battista, an architect and founder of the Institute of Design and Construction ran in opposition to Mayor Wagner's policies on taxation and social services. On WNYC's Campus Press Conference, Battista stated that his party stood for \"Lower taxes or the intelligent distribution of the tax dollar in running local city government; the elimination of waste, the elimination of inefficiency, and the proper planning of our community.\" Battista also railed against communist influence in the city government, and alleged that there were communists living in New York City public housing.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 45], "content_span": [46, 789]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075043-0004-0000", "contents": "1957 New York City mayoral election, Campaign\nEric Hass was selected by the Socialist Labor Party in April 1957. Hass had previously been the party's nominee for president in 1952 and 1956. Because of a New York law prohibiting parties from using names held by other parties, the SLP had appeared as the Industrial Government Party on the ballot for many years. Joyce Cowley, a single mother and Trotskyite activist was chosen as the candidate of the Socialist Workers Party. Cowley chose to campaign among female workers, youth, and in the predominantly African-American neighborhood of Harlem.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 45], "content_span": [46, 595]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075043-0005-0000", "contents": "1957 New York City mayoral election, Campaign\nFrom the start of the campaign, Wagner was favored for reelection. Though Christenberry was praised by Democrats like Eleanor Roosevelt for his energy and knowledge of the issues, even traditionally Republican newspapers were not optimistic about his chances. Despite this, President Eisenhower and Vice President Nixon appeared with and endorsed Christenberry. Former Governor Dewey endorsed Christenberry just four days before the election in a letter. A Democratic internal poll in August indicated Wagner would win reelection by 350,000 votes and a second poll in September indicated an even larger victory. These polls found Wagner had support from every ethnic group in New York, though Wagner was strongest among Jews, with 75% of Jewish voters supporting him.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 45], "content_span": [46, 813]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075043-0006-0000", "contents": "1957 New York City mayoral election, Results\nWagner received 69.23% of the vote to Christenberry's 26.86%, a landslide Democratic victory margin of 42.37%. Wagner swept all five boroughs, breaking 60% of the vote in Queens and Staten Island, and breaking 70% of the vote in Manhattan, Brooklyn, and the Bronx.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 44], "content_span": [45, 309]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075044-0000-0000", "contents": "1957 New York Film Critics Circle Awards\nThe 23rd New York Film Critics Circle Awards, honored the best filmmaking of 1957.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [40, 40], "content_span": [41, 123]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075045-0000-0000", "contents": "1957 New York Giants (MLB) season\nThe 1957 New York Giants season involved the team finishing in sixth place in the National League with a 69\u201385 record, 26 games behind the NL and World Champion Milwaukee Braves. It was the team's 75th and final season in New York City before its relocation to San Francisco, California for the following season. The last game at their stadium, the Polo Grounds, was played on September 29 against the Pittsburgh Pirates.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [33, 33], "content_span": [34, 455]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075045-0001-0000", "contents": "1957 New York Giants (MLB) season, Regular season, Relocation to San Francisco\nWhile seeking a new stadium to replace the crumbling Polo Grounds, the Giants began to contemplate a move from New York, initially considering Metropolitan Stadium in Minneapolis\u2013St. Paul, which was home to their top farm team, the Minneapolis Millers. Under the rules of the time, the Giants' ownership of the Millers gave them priority rights to a major league team in the area.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 78], "content_span": [79, 459]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075045-0002-0000", "contents": "1957 New York Giants (MLB) season, Regular season, Relocation to San Francisco\nAt this time, the Giants were approached by San Francisco mayor George Christopher. Despite objections from shareholders such as Joan Whitney Payson (who later owned the expansion Mets), majority owner Horace Stoneham entered into negotiations with San Francisco officials around the same time that Dodgers' owner Walter O'Malley was courting the city of Los Angeles. O'Malley had been told that the Dodgers would not be allowed to move to Los Angeles unless a second team moved to California as well. He pushed Stoneham toward relocation. In the summer of 1957, both the New York Giants and the Brooklyn Dodgers announced their moves to California, and the golden age of baseball in the New York area ended.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 78], "content_span": [79, 787]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075045-0003-0000", "contents": "1957 New York Giants (MLB) season, Player stats, Batting, Starters by position\nNote: Pos = Position; G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 78], "content_span": [79, 203]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075045-0004-0000", "contents": "1957 New York Giants (MLB) season, Player stats, Batting, Other batters\nNote: G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 71], "content_span": [72, 180]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075045-0005-0000", "contents": "1957 New York Giants (MLB) season, Player stats, Pitching, Starting pitchers\nNote: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 76], "content_span": [77, 187]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075045-0006-0000", "contents": "1957 New York Giants (MLB) season, Player stats, Pitching, Other pitchers\nNote: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 73], "content_span": [74, 184]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075045-0007-0000", "contents": "1957 New York Giants (MLB) season, Player stats, Pitching, Relief pitchers\nNote: G = Games pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; SV = Saves; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 74], "content_span": [75, 175]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075046-0000-0000", "contents": "1957 New York Giants season\nThe 1957 New York Giants season was the franchise's 33rd season in the National Football League.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [27, 27], "content_span": [28, 124]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075046-0001-0000", "contents": "1957 New York Giants season, Regular season, Standings\nNote: Tie games were not officially counted in the standings until 1972.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 54], "content_span": [55, 127]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075047-0000-0000", "contents": "1957 New York Yankees season\nThe 1957 New York Yankees season was the 55th season for the team in New York, and its 57th season overall. The team finished with a record of 98\u201356 to win their 23rd pennant, finishing eight games ahead of the Chicago White Sox. New York was managed by Casey Stengel. The Yankees played their home games at Yankee Stadium.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [28, 28], "content_span": [29, 352]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075047-0001-0000", "contents": "1957 New York Yankees season\nIn the World Series, the Yankees were defeated by the Milwaukee Braves in seven games. They lost the crucial seventh game in Yankee Stadium to the starting pitcher for the Braves, Lew Burdette, who was selected the World Series Most Valuable Player based on this and his other two victories in the Series.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [28, 28], "content_span": [29, 334]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075047-0002-0000", "contents": "1957 New York Yankees season\nPhil Rizzuto, the former team shortstop from the early 50s, joined the broadcast team for the radio and television broadcasts taking over from Jim Woods in what would be the first of many seasons as a Yankees broadcaster.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [28, 28], "content_span": [29, 250]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075047-0003-0000", "contents": "1957 New York Yankees season, Player stats, Batting, Starters by position\nNote: Pos = Position; G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 73], "content_span": [74, 198]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075047-0004-0000", "contents": "1957 New York Yankees season, Player stats, Batting, Other batters\nNote: G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 66], "content_span": [67, 175]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075047-0005-0000", "contents": "1957 New York Yankees season, Player stats, Pitching, Starting pitchers\nNote: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 71], "content_span": [72, 182]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075047-0006-0000", "contents": "1957 New York Yankees season, Player stats, Pitching, Other pitchers\nNote: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 68], "content_span": [69, 179]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075047-0007-0000", "contents": "1957 New York Yankees season, Player stats, Pitching, Relief pitchers\nNote: G = Games pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; SV = Saves; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 69], "content_span": [70, 170]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075047-0008-0000", "contents": "1957 New York Yankees season, 1957 World Series\nNL Milwaukee Braves (4) vs. AL New York Yankees (3)", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 47], "content_span": [48, 99]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075048-0000-0000", "contents": "1957 New Zealand Grand Prix\nThe 1957 New Zealand Grand Prix was a motor race held at the Ardmore Circuit on 13 January 1957. The event was won by Briton Reg Parnell driving the Ferrari 555/860 to victory over fellow Briton Peter Whitehead and former New Zealand Grand Prix winner, Stan Jones.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [27, 27], "content_span": [28, 292]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075048-0001-0000", "contents": "1957 New Zealand Grand Prix\nThe event was perhaps best known for the death of British driver Ken Wharton. Whilst attempting to overtake a lapped car, Wharton lost control of his car and struck straw bales outlining the base of the pylon carrying an overhead banner over the circuit. After somersaulting several times, where Wharton was thrown out onto the circuit, he was left unconscious with severe head injuries of which he would later succumb to.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [27, 27], "content_span": [28, 450]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075049-0000-0000", "contents": "1957 New Zealand National Party leadership election\nThe 1957 New Zealand National Party leadership election was held to choose the next leader of the New Zealand National Party. The election was won by Pahiatua MP Keith Holyoake.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 51], "section_span": [51, 51], "content_span": [52, 229]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075049-0001-0000", "contents": "1957 New Zealand National Party leadership election, Background\nBy 1956 Sidney Holland\u2019s health was beginning to fail. His memory began to deteriorate and he lost much energy which he needed for work. In October 1956 he suffered either a mild heart attack or stroke while working in his office during the Suez Crisis. The following year a group of senior cabinet ministers led by Keith Holyoake, Jack Marshall, Jack Watts and party president, Alex McKenzie, persuaded Holland (who was reluctant to go) to resign citing his health deterioration. Holland announced his retirement from the leadership at the National's annual conference in Christchurch on 12 August 1957. Almost immediately after finishing his speech he collapsed backstage and was rushed to hospital by an ambulance.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 51], "section_span": [53, 63], "content_span": [64, 781]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075049-0002-0000", "contents": "1957 New Zealand National Party leadership election, Candidates, Keith Holyoake\nHolyoake was a senior member of Holland's government. He served as Deputy Prime Minister, Minister of Agriculture and Minister of Marketing. He had been seen for years as a potential leader and was often predicted to be the one to succeed Adam Hamilton as National's leader, however he was hampered in this after losing his seat in the 1938 election.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 51], "section_span": [53, 79], "content_span": [80, 430]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075049-0003-0000", "contents": "1957 New Zealand National Party leadership election, Candidates, Others\nThe only other possible successor to Holland was his Minister of Labour, Bill Sullivan. He was seen as leadership material being straight-talking, tough, energetic and resolute and when Holland's health began to fail Sullivan was speculated as being a possible Prime Minister. However Sullivan had resigned from Parliament in February 1957, following the death of his son Bruce, ruling out the possibility of a candidature.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 51], "section_span": [53, 71], "content_span": [72, 495]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075049-0004-0000", "contents": "1957 New Zealand National Party leadership election, Result\nHolland named Holyoake as his preferred successor as party leader upon his resignation and in the following caucus meeting he was unanimously elected as National's third party leader. Holyoake's elevation to the leadership left the deputy spot vacant. Attorney-General Jack Marshall defeated Minister of Finance Jack Watts for the position.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 51], "section_span": [53, 59], "content_span": [60, 400]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075049-0005-0000", "contents": "1957 New Zealand National Party leadership election, Aftermath\nHolyoake served as Prime Minister for two months before the general election that year, making only modest changes to cabinet. After Holland's resignation he was knighted and made a Minister without portfolio by Holyoake before retiring from Parliament at the 1957 election, which National went on to lose, claiming 39 seats to Labour's 41.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 51], "section_span": [53, 62], "content_span": [63, 403]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075050-0000-0000", "contents": "1957 New Zealand general election\nThe 1957 New Zealand general election was a nationwide vote to determine the shape of the New Zealand Parliament's 32nd term. It saw the governing National Party narrowly defeated by the Labour Party. The 1957 elections marked the beginning of the second Labour government, although this administration was to last only a single term.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [33, 33], "content_span": [34, 368]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075050-0001-0000", "contents": "1957 New Zealand general election, Background\nThe National Party had formed its first administration after the 1949 elections, and had been re-elected in the 1951 elections and the 1954 elections. As its third term in office continued, however, the Prime Minister, Sidney Holland, became increasingly ill. Holland's memory began to fail, and he is believed to have suffered a mild heart attack during the Suez Crisis. A mere two months before the 1957 election, Holland was persuaded by his party to step down; Keith Holyoake, his deputy, became Prime Minister. The Labour Party was still led by Walter Nash, who had been Finance Minister in the first Labour government.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 45], "content_span": [46, 670]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075050-0002-0000", "contents": "1957 New Zealand general election, Background\nThe 1957 election campaign was dominated largely by financial issues, particularly introduction of the PAYE tax system. As a campaign promise, Labour announced that in the year that PAYE commenced, there would be a flat rebate of \u00a3100 on income tax \u2014 National attacked this as an election bribe. Labour also campaigned to abolish compulsory military training. National made no great changes to its policy platform, and Holyoake largely retained the Cabinet he had inherited from his predecessor.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 45], "content_span": [46, 541]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075050-0003-0000", "contents": "1957 New Zealand general election, Background, MPs retiring in 1957\nSix National MPs intended to retire at the end of the 31st Parliament. No Labour MPs retired.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 67], "content_span": [68, 161]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075050-0004-0000", "contents": "1957 New Zealand general election, Background, MPs retiring in 1957\nJack Massey also left parliament at the election. He intended to stand again in Franklin but was deselected as a candidate by the National Party.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 67], "content_span": [68, 213]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075050-0005-0000", "contents": "1957 New Zealand general election, The election\nThe date for the main 1957 election was 30 November. 1,252,329 people were registered to vote, and turnout was 92.9%. This turnout, although only average for the time, was not to be equalled or exceeded until the 1984 election. The number of seats being contested was 80, a number which had been fixed since 1902.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 47], "content_span": [48, 361]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075050-0006-0000", "contents": "1957 New Zealand general election, The election\nThe Labour candidate for Clutha, R S Waters, died the day before the general election, and the election there was postponed to 18 January 1958.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 47], "content_span": [48, 191]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075050-0007-0000", "contents": "1957 New Zealand general election, Election results, Party standings\nThe 1957 election saw the governing National Party defeated by a narrow two-seat margin. It had previously held a ten-seat majority. National won a total of thirty-nine seats, while the Labour Party won forty-one. In the popular vote, National won 44% to Labour's 48%. The Social Credit Party won 7% of the vote, a drop from its previous result of 11%. It still won no seats.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 68], "content_span": [69, 444]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075050-0008-0000", "contents": "1957 New Zealand general election, Election results, Votes summary\nThe table below shows the results of the 1957 general election:", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 66], "content_span": [67, 130]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075050-0009-0000", "contents": "1957 New Zealand general election, Post-election events\nA number of local by-elections were required due to the resignations of incumbent local body politicians following the general election:", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 55], "content_span": [56, 192]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075051-0000-0000", "contents": "1957 New Zealand rugby league season\nThe 1957 New Zealand rugby league season was the 50th season of rugby league that had been played in New Zealand.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [36, 36], "content_span": [37, 150]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075051-0001-0000", "contents": "1957 New Zealand rugby league season, International competitions\nNew Zealand attended the 1957 World Cup, defeating Great Britain but losing to France and Australia. The Kiwis then lost a match against a combined Great Britain/France XIII. The team was coached by Bill Telford and consisted of Pat Creedy, Vern Bakalich, Neville Denton, Tom Hadfield, Ron Ackland, Bill Sorensen, George P Turner, vice-captain George Menzies, Sel Belsham, Jock Butterfield, Bill McLennan, Henry Maxwell, captain Cliff Johnson, Kevin Pearce, Jim Riddell, John Yates, Rex Percy and Keith Bell.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 64], "content_span": [65, 573]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075051-0002-0000", "contents": "1957 New Zealand rugby league season, International competitions\nAn Auckland junior team toured Australia, winning matches against Illawarra, Western Suburbs and twice beating Eastern Suburbs. The squad included future Kiwis Brian Reidy, who captained the squad, and Gary Phillips.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 64], "content_span": [65, 281]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075051-0003-0000", "contents": "1957 New Zealand rugby league season, National competitions, Northern Union Cup\nAuckland again held the Northern Union Cup at the end of the season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 79], "content_span": [80, 148]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075051-0004-0000", "contents": "1957 New Zealand rugby league season, Club competitions, Auckland\nEllerslie won the Auckland Rugby League's Fox Memorial Trophy. They shared the Rukutai Shield with City Newton. Otahuhu won the Roope Rooster.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 65], "content_span": [66, 208]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075051-0005-0000", "contents": "1957 New Zealand rugby league season, Club competitions, Auckland\nThe first University of Auckland rugby league club was founded in 1957. Affiliated to the Ellerslie club, the University side included Murray Paterson.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 65], "content_span": [66, 217]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075051-0006-0000", "contents": "1957 New Zealand rugby league season, Club competitions, Canterbury\nThe Canterbury Rugby League experimented with a \"sin bin\" until the New Zealand Rugby League instructed them to return to International rules. The sin bin is now a permanent feature of the rugby league rules.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 67], "content_span": [68, 276]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075051-0007-0000", "contents": "1957 New Zealand rugby league season, Club competitions, Canterbury\nThe Rugby League finally sold Monica Park during the season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 67], "content_span": [68, 128]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075051-0008-0000", "contents": "1957 New Zealand rugby league season, Club competitions, Other competitions\nThe Manawatu Rugby League was formed in February with six clubs; Takaro, Kiwi, Celtic, Kia Ora, Marton and Feilding. Ex-Australian international Noel Pidding played for the Marton club. Feilding won the first ever Championship title defeating Takaro.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 75], "content_span": [76, 326]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075052-0000-0000", "contents": "1957 New Zealand rugby union tour of Australia\nThe 1957 New Zealand tour rugby to Australia was the 19th tour by the New Zealand national rugby union team to Australia.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 46], "section_span": [46, 46], "content_span": [47, 168]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075052-0001-0000", "contents": "1957 New Zealand rugby union tour of Australia\nThe last tour of \"All Blacks\" in Australia was the 1947 tour, then Australians visit New Zealand in 1952 and in 1955", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 46], "section_span": [46, 46], "content_span": [47, 163]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075052-0002-0000", "contents": "1957 New Zealand rugby union tour of Australia\nAll Blacks won all both test matches and the Bledisloe Cup, lost in 1949.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 46], "section_span": [46, 46], "content_span": [47, 120]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075053-0000-0000", "contents": "1957 Newcastle-upon-Tyne North by-election\nThe Newcastle-upon-Tyne North by-election of 21 March 1957 was held after the elevation to the Peerage of National Liberal and Conservative MP (MP) Gwilym Lloyd George.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 42], "section_span": [42, 42], "content_span": [43, 211]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075053-0001-0000", "contents": "1957 Newcastle-upon-Tyne North by-election\nThe seat was safe, having been won by Lloyd George at the 1955 United Kingdom general election by nearly 11,000 votes", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 42], "section_span": [42, 42], "content_span": [43, 160]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075054-0000-0000", "contents": "1957 Nicaraguan general election\nGeneral elections were held in Nicaragua on 3 February 1957 to elect a president and National Congress.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [32, 32], "content_span": [33, 136]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075054-0001-0000", "contents": "1957 Nicaraguan general election\nLuis Somoza Debayle formalized his grip on the presidency through fraudulent elections in February 1957 which were boycotted by all the opposition except the puppet Conservative Nationalist Party (PNC). The Popular Social Christian Party (PPSC) was created in reaction to these elections and received support from younger Conservatives dissatisfied with their party\u2019s inability to make any political impact on the dictatorship.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [32, 32], "content_span": [33, 460]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075055-0000-0000", "contents": "1957 Nigerien Territorial Assembly election\nTerritorial Assembly elections were held in Niger on 31 March 1957. The result was a victory for the Sawaba party, which won 41 of the 60 seats.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 43], "section_span": [43, 43], "content_span": [44, 188]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075056-0000-0000", "contents": "1957 Night Series Cup\nThe 1957 VFL Night Premiership Cup was the Victorian Football League end of season cup competition played in August, September and October of the 1957 VFL Premiership Season. This was the second edition that the VFL Night Series had existed with the competition expanding to feature all twelve teams. The games were being played at the Lake Oval, Albert Park, then the home ground of South Melbourne, as it was the only ground equipped to host night games.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [21, 21], "content_span": [22, 478]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075056-0001-0000", "contents": "1957 Night Series Cup\nIn the final, South Melbourne took out their second night series cup, defeating Geelong by 51 points (15.13.103 to 8.4.52). This would later be the only edition until 1977 to feature all twelve teams at the time.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [21, 21], "content_span": [22, 234]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075057-0000-0000", "contents": "1957 Nippon Professional Baseball season\nThe 1957 Nippon Professional Baseball season was the eighth season of operation of Nippon Professional Baseball (NPB).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [40, 40], "content_span": [41, 159]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075058-0000-0000", "contents": "1957 Nobel Prize in Literature\nThe 1957 Nobel Prize in Literature was awarded the French writer Albert Camus \"for his important literary production, which with clear-sighted earnestness illuminates the problems of the human conscience in our times.\"", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [30, 30], "content_span": [31, 249]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075058-0001-0000", "contents": "1957 Nobel Prize in Literature\nAged 44 when he received the prize, Camus is the second youngest recipient of the Nobel Prize in Literature.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [30, 30], "content_span": [31, 139]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075058-0002-0000", "contents": "1957 Nobel Prize in Literature, Laureate\nAlbert Camus was a novelist, essayist and playwright best known for his novels The Stranger (1942), The Plague (1947) and The Fall (1956).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 40], "content_span": [41, 179]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075058-0003-0000", "contents": "1957 Nobel Prize in Literature, Nominations\nAlbert Camus was nominated for the Nobel Prize in literature on 11 occasions, the first time in 1949. In total the Nobel committee received 66 nominations for 44 individuals in 1957, including Andr\u00e9 Malraux, Nikos Kazantzakis, Karen Blixen, E. M. Forster, Alberto Moravia, Samuel Beckett, Georges Duhamel, Jules Romains, Jean-Paul Sartre, Ezra Pound, Saint-John Perse, Carlo Levi, V\u00e4in\u00f6 Linna, Boris Pasternak and Robert Frost.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 43], "content_span": [44, 471]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075058-0004-0000", "contents": "1957 Nobel Prize in Literature, Award ceremony speech\nIn his award ceremony speech on 10 December 1957 Anders \u00d6sterling, permanent secretary of the Swedish Academy, said of Camus: \"Active and highly creative, Camus is in the centre of interest in the literary world, even outside of France. Inspired by an authentic moral engagement, he devotes himself with all his being to the great fundamental questions of life, and certainly this aspiration corresponds to the idealistic end for which the Nobel Prize was established. Behind his incessant affirmation of the absurdity of the human condition is no sterile negativism. This view of things is supplemented in him by a powerful imperative, a nevertheless, an appeal to the will which incites to revolt against absurdity and which, for that reason, creates a value.\"", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 53], "content_span": [54, 816]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075059-0000-0000", "contents": "1957 North Carolina Tar Heels football team\nThe 1957 North Carolina Tar Heels football team represented the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill during the 1957 NCAA University Division football season. The Tar Heels were led by third-year head coach Jim Tatum and played their home games at Kenan Memorial Stadium. The team competed as a member of the Atlantic Coast Conference, finishing tied for third.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 43], "section_span": [43, 43], "content_span": [44, 412]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075060-0000-0000", "contents": "1957 North Dakota Fighting Sioux football team\nThe 1957 North Dakota Fighting Sioux football team, also known as the Nodaks, was an American football team that represented the University of North Dakota in the North Central Conference (NCC) during the 1957 NCAA College Division football season. In its first year under head coach Marvin C. Helling, the team compiled a 3\u20134\u20131 record (2\u20133\u20131 against NCC opponents), finished in sixth place out of seven teams in the NCC, and was outscored by a total of 198 to 159. The team played its home games at Memorial Stadium in Grand Forks, North Dakota.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 46], "section_span": [46, 46], "content_span": [47, 593]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075061-0000-0000", "contents": "1957 North Dakota State Bison football team\nThe 1957 North Dakota State Bison football team was an American football team that represented North Dakota State University during the 1957 NCAA College Division football season as a member of the North Central Conference. In their first year under head coach Bob Danielson, the team compiled a 0\u20138 record.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 43], "section_span": [43, 43], "content_span": [44, 351]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075062-0000-0000", "contents": "1957 North Dorset by-election\nThe North Dorset by-election, 1957 was a parliamentary by-election for the British House of Commons constituency of North Dorset on 27 June 1957.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [29, 29], "content_span": [30, 175]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075062-0001-0000", "contents": "1957 North Dorset by-election, Vacancy\nThe by-election was caused by the death of the sitting Conservative MP, Robert Crouch on 7 May 1957. He had been MP here since gaining the seat in 1950.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 38], "content_span": [39, 191]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075062-0002-0000", "contents": "1957 North Dorset by-election, Election history\nNorth Dorset had been won by the Conservatives at every election since 1950 when they gained the seat from the Liberals. The result at the last General election was as follows;", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 47], "content_span": [48, 224]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075062-0003-0000", "contents": "1957 North Dorset by-election, Candidates\nThe Conservatives selected Lt-Col. Richard Glyn. He had first been chosen by the local Conservatives to defend the seat at the 1945 general election, but was defeated by the Liberal candidate Frank Byers. The Liberals selected 34-year-old John Alun Emlyn-Jones as candidate. He had fought the seat of Barry just outside Cardiff in the 1950 general election. He was the son of John Emlyn Emlyn-Jones who had been the Liberal MP here from 1922-24. Labour re-selected H J Dutfield, who had stood here at the last General Election. An Independent candidate, H C Wright, intervened.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 41], "content_span": [42, 619]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075063-0000-0000", "contents": "1957 North Korean parliamentary election\nParliamentary elections were held for the 2nd Supreme People's Assembly in North Korea on 27 August 1957. Voters were presented with a single list from the Democratic Front for the Reunification of the Fatherland, dominated by the Workers' Party of Korea.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [40, 40], "content_span": [41, 296]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075063-0001-0000", "contents": "1957 North Korean parliamentary election\nOnly one candidate was presented in each constituency, all of which were selected by the WPK, although some ran under the banner of other parties or state organisations to give the illusion of democracy. Voter turnout was reported to be 99.99%, with 99.92% reportedly voting in favour of the candidates presented.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [40, 40], "content_span": [41, 354]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075063-0002-0000", "contents": "1957 North Korean parliamentary election\nIts first session took place on 18\u201320 September 1957. One of its declarations was \"On the Immediate Tasks of the People's Power in Socialist Construction\".", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [40, 40], "content_span": [41, 196]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075064-0000-0000", "contents": "1957 Northeast Louisiana State Indians football team\nThe 1957 Northeast Louisiana State Indians football team was an American football team that represented Northeast Louisiana State College (now known as the University of Louisiana at Monroe) in the Gulf States Conference during the 1957 NCAA College Division football season. In their fourth year under head coach Devone Payne, the team compiled a 2\u20136 record.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 52], "section_span": [52, 52], "content_span": [53, 412]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075065-0000-0000", "contents": "1957 Northern Illinois Huskies football team\nThe 1957 Northern Illinois Huskies football team represented Northern Illinois University in the 1957 NCAA College Division football season. The Huskies competed in the Interstate Intercollegiate Athletic Conference (IIAC). They were led by second-year head coach Howard Fletcher and played their home games at the 5,500-seat Glidden Field, located on the east end of campus. The Huskies were in a scandal for accepting bribes to lose three of their games. This was denied by the team and never went to court.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [44, 44], "content_span": [45, 554]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075066-0000-0000", "contents": "1957 Northwest Territories general election\nThe 1957 Northwest Territories general election was held on August 19, 1957.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 43], "section_span": [43, 43], "content_span": [44, 120]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075067-0000-0000", "contents": "1957 Northwestern Wildcats baseball team\nThe 1957 Northwestern Wildcats baseball team represented Northwestern University in the 1957 NCAA University Division baseball season. The head coach was Fred Lindstrom, serving his 9th year. The Wildcats finished the season with a loss in the District IV Tournament Final.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [40, 40], "content_span": [41, 314]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075068-0000-0000", "contents": "1957 Northwestern Wildcats football team\nThe 1957 Northwestern Wildcats team represented Northwestern University during the 1957 Big Ten Conference football season. In their second year under head coach Ara Parseghian, the Wildcats compiled a 0\u20139 record (0-7 against Big Ten Conference opponents), finished in last place in the Big Ten, and were outscored by their opponents by a combined total of 271 to 57.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [40, 40], "content_span": [41, 408]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075069-0000-0000", "contents": "1957 Norwegian Football Cup\nThe 1957 Norwegian Football Cup was the 52nd season of the Norwegian annual knockout football tournament. The tournament was open for all members of NFF, except those from Northern Norway. The final was played at Ullevaal Stadion in Oslo on 20 October 1957, and was contested by the six-times winners Fredrikstad, and Sandefjord who made their debut in the Norwegian Cup final.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [27, 27], "content_span": [28, 405]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075069-0001-0000", "contents": "1957 Norwegian Football Cup\nFredrikstad won their seventh title with a 4\u20130 win in the final, which also secured the double for Fredrikstad, as they also won the 1956\u201357 Norwegian Main League. This was Fredrikstad's second double, they won the first in 1938. Skeid was the defending champions, but lost 3\u20130 against Sarpsborg in the quarterfinal and was eliminated.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [27, 27], "content_span": [28, 363]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075069-0002-0000", "contents": "1957 Norwegian Football Cup, Third round\nAugust 4:Fredrikstad - Brage 3-2 (extra time)Rapid - Larvik Turn 0-1 Lyn - Asker 3-9 V\u00e5lerengen - Os 5-2 Str\u00f8mmen - Ur\u00e6dd 8-2 Odd - Selbak 4-1 Grane (Arendal) - Skeid 1-3 H\u00f8dd - Raufoss 0-3 Kvik (Trondheim) - Kristiansund 3-1 Ranheim - Gre\u00e5ker 3-1 Gj\u00f8vik/Lyn - Molde 5-2 Kapp - Sarpsborg 2-2 (extra time) Mj\u00f8ndalen - \u00c5rstad 3-1 Sandefjord - Lisleby 7-0 Viking - Varegg 3-0 Brann - Djerv 1919 4-1", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 40], "content_span": [41, 436]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075069-0003-0000", "contents": "1957 Norwegian Football Cup, Fourth round\nAugust 18:Sarpsborg - Brann 4-0 Fredrikstad - V\u00e5lerengen 4-1 Skeid - Gj\u00f8vik/Lyn 5-1 Asker - Odd 2-0 Raufoss - Sandefjord 1-2 Larvik Turn - Ranheim 13-0 Viking - Mj\u00f8ndalen 7-1 Kvik (Trondheim) - Str\u00f8mmen 3-8", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 41], "content_span": [42, 248]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075069-0004-0000", "contents": "1957 Norwegian Football Cup, Quarterfinal\nSeptember 8:Str\u00f8mmen - Larvik Turn 2-0 Asker - Fredrikstad 2-4 Sandefjord - Viking 3-2 (extra time)Sarpsborg - Skeid 3-0", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 41], "content_span": [42, 162]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075070-0000-0000", "contents": "1957 Norwegian parliamentary election\nParliamentary elections were held in Norway on 7 October 1957. The result was a victory for the Labour Party, which won 78 of the 150 seats in the Storting. As a result, the Gerhardsen government continued in office.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [37, 37], "content_span": [38, 254]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075070-0001-0000", "contents": "1957 Norwegian parliamentary election\nThis was the last time a single party won a majority of seats on its own in a Norwegian election.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [37, 37], "content_span": [38, 135]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075070-0002-0000", "contents": "1957 Norwegian parliamentary election, Results\nThe joint list of the Centre Party and Conservative Party won four seats, three of which were taken by the Conservative Party and one by the Centre Party, which was taken by the Conservative Party.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [39, 46], "content_span": [47, 244]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075070-0003-0000", "contents": "1957 Norwegian parliamentary election, Results\nThe joint list of the Liberal Party and Conservative Party won no seats.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [39, 46], "content_span": [47, 119]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075071-0000-0000", "contents": "1957 Notre Dame Fighting Irish baseball team\nThe 1957 Notre Dame Fighting Irish baseball team represented the University of Notre Dame in the 1957 NCAA University Division baseball season. The Fighting Irish played their home games at Cartier Field. The team was coached by Jack Kline in his 24th year as head coach at Notre Dame.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [44, 44], "content_span": [45, 330]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075071-0001-0000", "contents": "1957 Notre Dame Fighting Irish baseball team\nThe Fighting Irish won the District IV playoff to advance to the College World Series, where they were defeated by the Penn State Nittany Lions.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [44, 44], "content_span": [45, 189]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075072-0000-0000", "contents": "1957 Notre Dame Fighting Irish football team\nThe 1957 Notre Dame Fighting Irish football team represented the University of Notre Dame during the 1957 NCAA University Division football season. Notre Dame's 7\u20130 victory over Oklahoma snapped the Sooners' NCAA record 47-game winning streak.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [44, 44], "content_span": [45, 288]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075072-0001-0000", "contents": "1957 Notre Dame Fighting Irish football team, Team players drafted into the NFL\nThe following players were drafted into professional football following the season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [46, 79], "content_span": [80, 163]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075073-0000-0000", "contents": "1957 Nutts Corner BEA Viscount crash\nThe 1957 Nutts Corner BEA Viscount crash was a British European Airways (BEA) flight from London to Belfast that crashed at Nutts Corner Airport on 23 October 1957, killing all seven passengers and crew.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [36, 36], "content_span": [37, 240]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075073-0001-0000", "contents": "1957 Nutts Corner BEA Viscount crash, Aircraft\nThe aircraft was a Vickers Viscount 802, registration G-AOJA, built and delivered to BEA the previous year. It was the first 800 Series Viscount built and was used by the manufacturer Vickers-Armstrongs for test and promotional flights prior to delivery.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 46], "content_span": [47, 301]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075073-0002-0000", "contents": "1957 Nutts Corner BEA Viscount crash, Accident\nOn the afternoon of the accident the aircraft took off from London Heathrow Airport at 15:16 GMT on a non-scheduled positioning flight to Nutts Corner Airport in Belfast, Northern Ireland, where it was due to pick up the UK government Minister of Supply Aubrey Jones and a group of journalists, who had been attending the opening of a research building for Short & Harland Ltd in Belfast. An hour-and-a-half later, with low cloud and rain at Nutts Corner, the aircraft commenced its approach to land from the east on runway 28.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 46], "content_span": [47, 574]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075073-0002-0001", "contents": "1957 Nutts Corner BEA Viscount crash, Accident\nAs the aircraft neared the runway it veered right of the runway centreline. Less than 3\u20444 mile (1.2\u00a0km) from the eastern end of the runway the crew carried out a go-around, but the aircraft crashed about 1,000 feet (300\u00a0m) to the left of the far end of the runway. The accident killed all five crew and the two passengers (a BEA official and his wife) on board, and the aircraft was destroyed.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 46], "content_span": [47, 440]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075073-0003-0000", "contents": "1957 Nutts Corner BEA Viscount crash, Investigation and cause\nA Public inquiry was convened to investigate the accident, during which it emerged that the airport's approach lighting system may have been switched off at the time of the aircraft's landing attempt. The inquiry also heard evidence regarding a bent screwdriver that had been found in the wreckage, but as this had been removed by an airport worker before its position in the wreckage had been recorded, the likelihood of the object jamming the flight controls could not be assessed. At the conclusion of the inquiry, while it made recommendations regarding the security of aircraft crash sites and tool control during maintenance, and suggested that records be kept of when airport approach lighting was switched on or off, no official cause of the accident was determined.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 61], "content_span": [62, 836]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075074-0000-0000", "contents": "1957 October Revolution Parade\nThe 1957 October Revolution Parade was a parade on Moscow's Red Square dedicated to the ruby jubilee of the Great October Socialist Revolution on 7 November 1957.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [30, 30], "content_span": [31, 193]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075074-0001-0000", "contents": "1957 October Revolution Parade\nIt was inspected by the Minister of Defense and Marshal of the Soviet Union Rodion Malinovsky, who also delivered a speech to the troops of the Moscow Military District from the grandstand of Lenin's Mausoleum. Accompanying Malinovsky on the mausoleum was First Secretary Nikita Khrushchev, Premier Nikolai Bulganin and the Chairman Kliment Voroshilov. Among the foreign leaders at the parade was Chinese leader Mao Zedong and Vietnamese leader Ho Chi Minh, who were in Moscow to attend the International Meeting of Communist and Workers Parties.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [30, 30], "content_span": [31, 577]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075074-0001-0001", "contents": "1957 October Revolution Parade\nIn retaliation for the kidnapping and subsequent execution of Hungarian leader Imre Nagy, Yugoslav leader Josip Broz Tito boycotted the parade, being the only communist leader who did not attend the parade or the larger celebrations. The parade was led and commanded by the commander of the Moscow Military District General of the Army Kirill Moskalenko.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [30, 30], "content_span": [31, 385]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075074-0002-0000", "contents": "1957 October Revolution Parade\nIn the mobile column, vehicles such as the GAZ-69, the BTR-151, the T-54 tanks, and the ZSU-57-2 were seen. It marked the last of the Soviet era flypasts of the Soviet Air Force during military parades, a tradition that was not seen until the 2008 Moscow Victory Day Parade. After the parade, each cadet on parade received a personal thank-you note from Premier Khrushchev.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [30, 30], "content_span": [31, 404]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075075-0000-0000", "contents": "1957 Odisha Legislative Assembly election\nElections to the second Odisha Legislative Assembly were held 1957.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 41], "section_span": [41, 41], "content_span": [42, 109]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075075-0001-0000", "contents": "1957 Odisha Legislative Assembly election, Constituencies\nThe elections were held for 140 seats of 101 constituencies. 62 constituencies were single-member while 39 constituencies were two-member constituencies. Out of 101 constituencies, 25 were reserved for Scheduled Caste, while 18 were reserved for Scheduled Tribe. A total of 517 candidates contested for these 140 seats.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 41], "section_span": [43, 57], "content_span": [58, 377]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075075-0002-0000", "contents": "1957 Odisha Legislative Assembly election, Political Parties\nThree national parties, Communist Party of India, Congress and Praja Socialist Party along with the state party All India Ganatantra Parishad took part in the assembly election. Congress party emerged again as the winner by winning 40% of the seats with a vote share of 38.26%. Harekrushna Mahatab again become the Chief Minister of the state.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 41], "section_span": [43, 60], "content_span": [61, 404]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075076-0000-0000", "contents": "1957 Ohio Bobcats football team\nThe 1957 Ohio Bobcats football team was an American football team that represented Ohio University in the Mid-American Conference (MAC) during the 1957 NCAA University Division football season. In their ninth and final season under head coach Carroll Widdoes, the Bobcats compiled a 2\u20136\u20131 record (1\u20134\u20131 against MAC opponents), finished in a tie for fifth place in the MAC, and were outscored by all opponents by a combined total of 156 to 134.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [31, 31], "content_span": [32, 475]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075077-0000-0000", "contents": "1957 Ohio State Buckeyes football team\nThe 1957 Ohio State Buckeyes football team represented the Ohio State University in the 1957 Big Ten Conference football season. The team was led by captains Galen Cisco and Leo Brown. They were the third national title team in Ohio State football history. They were coached by Hall of Fame coach Woody Hayes. The Buckeyes were awarded the title by the UPI Coaches Poll and represented the Big Ten Conference in the Rose Bowl.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [38, 38], "content_span": [39, 465]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075077-0001-0000", "contents": "1957 Ohio State Buckeyes football team\nThe Buckeyes finished the 1956 season with a two shut-out losses to Iowa and Michigan. Going into the 1957 season fans had a feeling of rebuilding. The feeling was made stronger with an opening loss to unranked TCU. To make matters worse, Michigan State, Minnesota, Michigan and Iowa were all ranked in the Top 6 of the AP Poll Rankings while Ohio State would not be ranked until late October. Coach Hayes rallied the team every week and made them better following this loss.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [38, 38], "content_span": [39, 514]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075077-0002-0000", "contents": "1957 Ohio State Buckeyes football team\nThe Buckeyes came back with a big win at Washington and victories over Illinois, Wisconsin and Purdue, along with crushing victories over Indiana and Northwestern. A shocking Purdue upset over #2 Michigan State, a tie between Michigan and Iowa, and Minnesota\u2019s unraveling season after a loss to Illinois continued to help the Buckeyes.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [38, 38], "content_span": [39, 374]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075077-0003-0000", "contents": "1957 Ohio State Buckeyes football team\nIt was a late star performance by sophomore fullback Bob White against unbeaten Iowa that pushed the team even further. Trailing 13\u201310 and on their own 32-yard line, White ran on six of the eight plays for 66 out of the 68 yards, capped off by a 5-yard touchdown run.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [38, 38], "content_span": [39, 306]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075077-0004-0000", "contents": "1957 Ohio State Buckeyes football team\nA victory over Michigan moved the Bucks up to #2 in the AP, behind Auburn. However, the UPI Coaches' poll voted OSU #1 and Auburn #2. The Bucks were also declared #1 by the Football Writers Association Poll. Since Auburn was on probation during their 1957 season and did not participate in a bowl game as a result, and the fact that Ohio State played in the Rose Bowl, Ohio State is named national champions for this season by most writers.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [38, 38], "content_span": [39, 479]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075077-0005-0000", "contents": "1957 Ohio State Buckeyes football team\nIn a hard fought Rose Bowl game, a late field goal by Don Sutherin in the fourth quarter sealed the victory over the Oregon Webfoots. The Buckeyes finished the season 9\u20131 and named national champions.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [38, 38], "content_span": [39, 239]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075077-0006-0000", "contents": "1957 Ohio State Buckeyes football team, Game summaries, at Michigan\nOhio State played without halfback Don Clark, who was sidelined with a groin injury.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 67], "content_span": [68, 152]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075078-0000-0000", "contents": "1957 Oklahoma Sooners football team\nThe 1957 Oklahoma Sooners football team represented the University of Oklahoma during the 1957 NCAA University Division football season. They played their home games at Oklahoma Memorial Stadium in Norman, Oklahoma, and were members of the Big Seven Conference. They were two-time defending national champions (1955, 1956), led by head coach Bud Wilkinson, in his eleventh season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [35, 35], "content_span": [36, 416]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075078-0001-0000", "contents": "1957 Oklahoma Sooners football team\nThe Sooners won their first seven games in 1957, but were upset at home by unranked Notre Dame on November 16, stopping Oklahoma's record-breaking win streak at 47 games. It was their only loss of the season; they finished fourth in both final polls in early December, and won the Orange Bowl in January.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [35, 35], "content_span": [36, 340]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075078-0002-0000", "contents": "1957 Oklahoma Sooners football team, Postseason, NFL draft\nThe following players were drafted into the National Football League following the season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 58], "content_span": [59, 149]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075079-0000-0000", "contents": "1957 Oklahoma State Cowboys football team\nThe 1957 Oklahoma State Cowboys football team represented Oklahoma State University in the 1957 NCAA University Division football season. This was the 57th year of football at OSU and the third under Cliff Speegle. The Cowboys played their home games at Lewis Field in Stillwater, Oklahoma. Oklahoma A&M officially changed its name to Oklahoma State University prior to this season, and the program competed their first season as an independent after over three decades in the Missouri Valley Conference. The Cowboys finished the season with a 6\u20133\u20131 record.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 41], "section_span": [41, 41], "content_span": [42, 599]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075079-0001-0000", "contents": "1957 Oklahoma State Cowboys football team, After the season\nThe 1958 NFL Draft took place on December 2, 1957 at The Warwick in Philadelphia. The following Oklahoma State player was selected during the draft.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 41], "section_span": [43, 59], "content_span": [60, 208]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075080-0000-0000", "contents": "1957 Ole Miss Rebels football team\nThe 1957 Ole Miss Rebels football team represented the University of Mississippi during the 1957 NCAA University Division football season. The Rebels were led by 11th-year head coach Johnny Vaught and played their home games at Hemingway Stadium in Oxford, Mississippi (and alternate site home games in Jackson, Mississippi). They competed as members of the Southeastern Conference, finishing in second with a regular season record of 8\u20131\u20131 (5\u20130\u20131 SEC), and were ranked 7th in the final AP Poll. They were invited to the 1958 Sugar Bowl, where they defeated Texas, 39\u20137.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [34, 34], "content_span": [35, 605]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075081-0000-0000", "contents": "1957 Omloop Het Volk\nThe 1957 Omloop Het Volk was the 13th edition of the Omloop Het Volk cycle race and was held on 24 March 1957. The race started and finished in Ghent. The race was won by Norbert Kerckhove.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [20, 20], "content_span": [21, 210]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075082-0000-0000", "contents": "1957 Open Championship\nThe 1957 Open Championship was the 86th Open Championship, played 3\u20135 July at the Old Course in St Andrews, Scotland. Bobby Locke, age 39, won his fourth and final Open title, three strokes ahead of runner-up Peter Thomson, who had won the three previous Opens.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [22, 22], "content_span": [23, 284]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075082-0001-0000", "contents": "1957 Open Championship\nThe Open, last played at the Old Course just two years prior, was originally scheduled for Muirfield, but the \"Suez Crisis\" in Egypt in late 1956 led to serious fuel shortages in Britain and rationing of petrol. In early 1957, the Royal and Ancient decided that St Andrews, on a railway line, would be an easier place for players and spectators to get to than Muirfield, and so it was moved. Petrol rationing ended in May 1957 but it was then too late to switch back to the original venue and Muirfield was allocated the 1959 edition.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [22, 22], "content_span": [23, 557]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075082-0002-0000", "contents": "1957 Open Championship\nQualifying took place on 1\u20132 July, Monday and Tuesday, with 18 holes on the Old Course and 18 holes on the New Course. With an entry of 295, compared to the record 360 entries the previous year, qualifying was in pairs rather than the three-balls used in 1956. The number of qualifiers was limited to a maximum of 100, and ties for 100th place were not included. Bernard Hunt and Bobby Locke led the qualifiers at 137; the qualifying score was 149 and 96 players advanced to the opening round on Wednesday.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [22, 22], "content_span": [23, 529]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075082-0003-0000", "contents": "1957 Open Championship\nThere were fifteen American entries, many of them amateurs, but only four qualified for the  field of 96: professionals Cary Middlecoff and Frank Stranahan finished in the top twenty and the two amateurs missed the cut.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [22, 22], "content_span": [23, 242]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075082-0004-0000", "contents": "1957 Open Championship\nDuring the first round on Wednesday, competitors playing behind Middlecoff demonstratively complained of his slow play. They officially protested to the R&A, which sided with Middlecoff, who had completed his 18-hole round with Antonio Cerd\u00e1 in three hours and 18 minutes. The maximum number of players making the cut after 36 holes was set at fifty, and ties for 50th place were not included.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [22, 22], "content_span": [23, 416]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075082-0005-0000", "contents": "1957 Open Championship\nThis was the first Open Championship in which the leaders after 36 holes went off last for the final 36 holes. Previously a random draw had been used. Flory Van Donck and Eric Brown, the leading two players after 36 holes were paired together in the final group for the final two rounds.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [22, 22], "content_span": [23, 310]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075082-0006-0000", "contents": "1957 Open Championship\nA mini-controversy surrounded the ending of the championship. Lying two, Bobby Locke was only four feet (1.2\u00a0m) from the cup on the 72nd hole when he moved his ball marker one putter-head length to avoid the line of fellow competitor Bruce Crampton's putt. After Crampton holed out, Locke forgot to replace his ball to its original position and sank his putt. Only much later were officials made aware of Locke's mistake; the Championship Committee decreed that no advantage had been gained and that the result, and Locke's three-stroke victory, stood.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [22, 22], "content_span": [23, 575]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075082-0007-0000", "contents": "1957 Open Championship, Card of the course\n^ The 10th hole was posthumously named for Bobby Jones in 1972", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [24, 42], "content_span": [43, 105]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075082-0008-0000", "contents": "1957 Open Championship, Round summaries, Second round\nSource:Amateurs: Smith (\u20131), Galloway (+2), Joe Carr (+6), Shepperson (+7), Sinclair (+7),Butler (+8), Texier (+8), Will (+8), Lawrie (+9), Andrews (+10), Allan (+12), Reid (+12), Keck (+21).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [24, 53], "content_span": [54, 245]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075083-0000-0000", "contents": "1957 Orange Bowl\nThe 1957 Orange Bowl was a college football bowl game between the Clemson Tigers and the Colorado Buffaloes. It was played on New Year's Day in Miami, Florida.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 16], "section_span": [16, 16], "content_span": [17, 176]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075083-0001-0000", "contents": "1957 Orange Bowl, Background\nColorado was the runner-up in the Big Seven Conference in 1956; they played in the Orange Bowl over national champion Oklahoma due to a Big Seven rule at the time not permitting consecutive bowl appearances. Clemson was the champion of the Atlantic Coast Conference, their first conference title since the Southern Conference title in 1948. This was Clemson's first bowl game since 1951 and first Orange Bowl since 1950. This was Colorado's first bowl game in nineteen years since the Cotton Bowl in 1938, and they were favored by a field goal.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 16], "section_span": [18, 28], "content_span": [29, 573]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075083-0002-0000", "contents": "1957 Orange Bowl, Game summary\nJohn Bayuk led the Buffaloes to a 20\u20130 halftime lead, beginning with his 2-yard run. Boyd Dowler made it 14\u20130 on his 6-yard run. Howard Cook concluded the first half scoring with his 26-yard touchdown run. At halftime, Howard threatened to resign if his team did not put up some effort. Clemson responded with 21 straight points. Joel Wells scored two touchdowns from 3 and 58 yards out to narrow the lead to 6, then Bob Spooner gave the Tigers the lead on his 1-yard touchdown run, with 11:22 to go.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 16], "section_span": [18, 30], "content_span": [31, 531]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075083-0002-0001", "contents": "1957 Orange Bowl, Game summary\nStrangely, Clemson elected to onside kick the ball, which Colorado recovered. The Buffaloes drove 53 yards in 8 plays and concluded with a John Bayuk touchdown to take the lead once again. With time running down, Clemson recovered a fumble at the Colorado 27. However, Bob Stransky intercepted Charlie Bussey's pass, sealing the win for Colorado.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 16], "section_span": [18, 30], "content_span": [31, 377]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075083-0003-0000", "contents": "1957 Orange Bowl, Aftermath\nColorado returned to the Orange Bowl five years later in 1962, but Clemson did not return for a quarter century, which was a win over Nebraska in January 1982 to win the consensus national championship.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 16], "section_span": [18, 27], "content_span": [28, 230]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075084-0000-0000", "contents": "1957 Oregon State Beavers football team\nThe 1957 Oregon State Beavers football team represented Oregon State College in the 1957 NCAA University Division football season. Led by third-year head coach Tommy Prothro, the Beavers went 8\u20132, and outscored their opponents 203 to\u00a0129. Oregon State won their second consecutive Pacific Coast Conference championship, the only time the Beavers have won consecutive conference championships. The team captain was Ted Searle.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [39, 39], "content_span": [40, 465]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075084-0001-0000", "contents": "1957 Oregon State Beavers football team\nOregon State became the second and last PCC team to be adversely affected by the \"no-repeat\" rule for the Rose Bowl. Unranked rival Oregon, which had lost to the Beavers, went instead. Three years earlier, undefeated UCLA had to stay home, too. Implemented after California lost a third straight Rose Bowl in January 1951, the rule was thrown out for West Coast teams when the PCC disbanded in 1959, but the Big\u00a0Ten retained theirs from the late 1940s until the early 1970s.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [39, 39], "content_span": [40, 514]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075085-0000-0000", "contents": "1957 Oregon Webfoots football team\nThe 1957 Oregon Webfoots represented the University of Oregon in the Pacific Coast Conference (PCC) during the 1957 NCAA University Division football season. Three home games were played on campus in Eugene at Hayward Field and three at Multnomah Stadium in\u00a0Portland.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [34, 34], "content_span": [35, 302]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075085-0001-0000", "contents": "1957 Oregon Webfoots football team\nLed by seventh-year head coach Len Casanova, the Ducks were 7\u20133 in the regular season and 6\u20132 in the PCC, co-champions with rival Oregon State. Although the Beavers won the Civil\u00a0War game in Eugene, the PCC had a no-repeat rule for the Rose Bowl, so the Ducks had clinched the berth the previous week with a win in Los Angeles over struggling USC.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [34, 34], "content_span": [35, 382]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075085-0002-0000", "contents": "1957 Oregon Webfoots football team\nIn the Rose Bowl on New Year's Day, Oregon met Big Ten champion Ohio State (8\u20131), second-ranked and led by head coach Woody\u00a0Hayes. The Buckeyes were ranked first in the UPI coaches poll and heavily favored, by up to twenty points, but needed a fourth quarter field goal to break a tie for a 10\u20137 win.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [34, 34], "content_span": [35, 335]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075085-0003-0000", "contents": "1957 Oregon Webfoots football team\nOutside the 27\u201326 win at Stanford, the Ducks did not allow more than thirteen points in their ten other games, which included two shutouts, and finished at 7\u20134.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [34, 34], "content_span": [35, 195]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075086-0000-0000", "contents": "1957 Orsz\u00e1gos Bajnoks\u00e1g I (men's water polo)\n1957 Orsz\u00e1gos Bajnoks\u00e1g I (men's water polo) was the 51st water polo championship in Hungary. There were ten teams who played one-round match for the title.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [44, 44], "content_span": [45, 201]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075086-0001-0000", "contents": "1957 Orsz\u00e1gos Bajnoks\u00e1g I (men's water polo), Final list\n*M - Matches; W - Win; D - Drawn; L - Lost G+ - Goals earned; G- - Goals got; Diff - Difference; P - Point", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [46, 56], "content_span": [57, 163]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075086-0002-0000", "contents": "1957 Orsz\u00e1gos Bajnoks\u00e1g I (men's water polo), 2. Class\n1. UTTE 29, 2. BVTSE 27, 3. Tatab\u00e1nyai B\u00e1ny\u00e1sz 21(1), 4. Szolnoki Honv\u00e9d 21, 5. Szentes 17, 6. Csepel Aut\u00f3 15, 7. Kistext 14, 8. Bp. Gy\u00e1r\u00e9p\u00edt\u0151k 13, 9. Tipogr\u00e1fia 12, 10. \u00d3budai Haj\u00f3gy\u00e1r 9(1) point. In parentheses were the conclusion penalty points.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [46, 54], "content_span": [55, 303]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075087-0000-0000", "contents": "1957 Ottawa Rough Riders season\nThe 1957 Ottawa Rough Riders finished in 2nd place in the IRFU with an 8\u20136 record but lost to the Montreal Alouettes in the East Semi-Final.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [31, 31], "content_span": [32, 172]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075088-0000-0000", "contents": "1957 PFC Cherno More Varna season\nThe 1957 season marked the immediate return of Cherno More to the top flight of Bulgarian football after the club was dramatically relegated in 1955. The club started the season as SCNA Varna (Bulgarian: \u0421\u041a\u041d\u0410 \u0412\u0430\u0440\u043d\u0430), Sport Club of the People's Army, but was renamed to Botev Varna in June 1957.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [33, 33], "content_span": [34, 328]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075088-0001-0000", "contents": "1957 PFC Cherno More Varna season, Overview, Background\nCherno More was relegated from A Group at the end of 1955, despite starting the season with 5 consecutive wins and finishing only three point off third place. The following year the team won the regional B group and booked a place for an end-of-the-season qualifying tournament played in Sofia in November 1956 to determine the last two teams to join A group in 1957. Competing were the five winners of the regional B groups and 11th-placed in A Group Zavod 12. Cherno More, competing as SCNA Varna, won a deciding match against Lokomotiv Plovdiv on 20 November 1956 to finish second.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 55], "content_span": [56, 640]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075088-0002-0000", "contents": "1957 PFC Cherno More Varna season, Overview, Winless Streak\nThe team lost seven of the first 8 games, only drawing against Levski Sofia in Varna on 24 March 1957. Form improved somewhat in the following fixtures, but the Sailors remained winless after 15 matches of the 22 rounds season. With only six points gained and seven matches remaining, the club was bottom of the table and facing relegation for the second time in three years.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 59], "content_span": [60, 435]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075088-0003-0000", "contents": "1957 PFC Cherno More Varna season, Overview, The Great Escape\nThe team, recently renamed Botev Varna midseason, achieved first win of the campaign in round 16 by defeating Botev Plovdiv 1-0 on 1 September 1957, giving supporters hope before a fixture break until mid-October. League football returned on October 13 with the 4-0 thrashing of Marek Stanke Dimitrov, followed by two more wins against city rivals Spartak and eventual runners-up Lokomotiv Sofia, denting their title hopes in the process. Botev Varna then drew against the dominant force of Bulgarian football and eventual league winners CDNA in Sofia, before securing survival with a game to spare by comfortably defeating Spartak Plovdiv 3-0 at home.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 61], "content_span": [62, 714]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075089-0000-0000", "contents": "1957 PGA Championship\nThe 1957 PGA Championship was the 39th PGA Championship, held July 17\u201321 at Miami Valley Golf Club in Dayton, Ohio. In the last PGA Championship played under the match play format, Lionel Hebert won 2 & 1 over Dow Finsterwald, who won the following year, the first as a 72-hole stroke play event.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [21, 21], "content_span": [22, 318]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075089-0001-0000", "contents": "1957 PGA Championship\nDefending champion Jack Burke Jr. lost in the second round to Milon Marusic, 2 & 1.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [21, 21], "content_span": [22, 105]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075089-0002-0000", "contents": "1957 PGA Championship\nAt the time, it was not yet known that this was the last at match play, the decision to switch to stroke play was announced during the November meetings.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [21, 21], "content_span": [22, 175]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075089-0003-0000", "contents": "1957 PGA Championship\nThe Open Championship was held two weeks earlier in Scotland at St Andrews; neither Hebert nor Finsterwald played in 1957 (or ever).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [21, 21], "content_span": [22, 154]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075089-0004-0000", "contents": "1957 PGA Championship, Format\nThe match play format at the PGA Championship in 1957 called for nine rounds (162 holes) in five days. As in 1956, the two-day stroke play qualifying segment (36 holes) was eliminated; 128 players were entered in the single-elimination bracket. The PGA Championship had concluded on Tuesday since 1947; this year's schedule was modified for a Sunday final, with match play beginning on Wednesday. The first five rounds were 18-hole matches contested over the first three days, which reduced the field to four players for the weekend. The semifinals and finals were 36-hole matches played on the final two days, Saturday and Sunday.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [23, 29], "content_span": [30, 661]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075089-0005-0000", "contents": "1957 PGA Championship, Format\nConsolation matches at 18 holes were held on the weekend to determine third to eighth places.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [23, 29], "content_span": [30, 123]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075089-0006-0000", "contents": "1957 PGA Championship, Final eight bracket\nIn the 18-hole quarterfinals Friday, a clash of the Hebert brothers was avoided when Walter Burkemo defeated Jay Hebert 2&1, while Lionel Hebert defeated Claude Harmon by the same score. On the other side of the bracket, Dow Finsterwald defeated Charles Sheppard, 2 up, and Don Whitt defeated Dick Mayer,  2&1. In the 36-hole semifinals on Saturday, Finsterwald defeated Whitt, 2 up, and Hebert prevailed over Burkemo, 3&1.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [23, 42], "content_span": [43, 466]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075089-0007-0000", "contents": "1957 PGA Championship, Final eight bracket\nThe final match on Sunday was all-square after the first 18 holes in the morning. Hebert won the first three holes in the afternoon with birdies, but the match was back to all square after thirty holes. Hebert birdied the next three and Finsterwald matched two of them, but then bogeyed the 34th and was two down with two to play; the par-3 35th was halved with pars to end the match. Hebert earned $8,000 for the victory and Finsterwald received $5,000 as runner-up. Burkemo, the 1953 champion, defeated Whitt 3&1 to claim third place and $3,500. Finsterwald captured the title the following year in the new stroke play format; Hebert's older brother Jay won in 1960.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [23, 42], "content_span": [43, 711]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075090-0000-0000", "contents": "1957 Pacific Southwest Championships\nThe 1957 Pacific Southwest Championships was a combined men's and women's amateur tennis tournament played on outdoor hard courts at the Los Angeles Tennis Club in Los Angeles, California in the United States. It was the 31st edition of the tournament and took place from September 13 through September 22, 1957. Vic Seixas and Althea Gibson won the singles titles.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [36, 36], "content_span": [37, 402]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075090-0001-0000", "contents": "1957 Pacific Southwest Championships, Finals, Men's Doubles\nAshley Cooper /  Neale Fraser defeated  Budge Patty /  Vic Seixas 3\u20136, 5\u20137, 13\u201311, 13\u201311, 6\u20133", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 59], "content_span": [60, 153]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075090-0002-0000", "contents": "1957 Pacific Southwest Championships, Finals, Women's Doubles\nAlthea Gibson /  Darlene Hard defeated  Mary Bevis Hawton /  Janet Hopps 6\u20132, 6\u20134", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 61], "content_span": [62, 143]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075090-0003-0000", "contents": "1957 Pacific Southwest Championships, Finals, Mixed Doubles\nMary Bevis Hawton /  Robert Howe defeated  Darlene Hard /  Mike Davies 6\u20133, 6\u20134", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 59], "content_span": [60, 139]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075091-0000-0000", "contents": "1957 Pacific Tigers football team\nThe 1957 Pacific Tigers football team represented the College of the Pacific during the 1957 NCAA University Division football season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [33, 33], "content_span": [34, 168]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075091-0001-0000", "contents": "1957 Pacific Tigers football team\nPacific competed as an independent in 1957. They played home games in Pacific Memorial Stadium in Stockton, California. In their fifth season under head coach Jack Myers, the Tigers finished with a record of five wins, three losses and two ties (5\u20133\u20132). For the season they outscored their opponents 145\u2013127.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [33, 33], "content_span": [34, 342]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075091-0002-0000", "contents": "1957 Pacific Tigers football team, Team players in the NFL\nThe following College of the Pacific players were selected in the 1958 NFL Draft.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 58], "content_span": [59, 140]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075092-0000-0000", "contents": "1957 Pacific hurricane season\nThe 1957 Pacific hurricane season was a moderately active year in which 13 tropical cyclones formed. The hurricane season ran through the summer and fall months which conventionally delimit the period during which most tropical cyclones form in the northeastern Pacific Ocean. The first tropical cyclone developed on July 15. The final storm dissipated on December 6, becoming one of the few Pacific storms to exist outside of the seasonal dates. Of the season's 13 storms, five of these formed or crossed into the central Pacific.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [29, 29], "content_span": [30, 561]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075092-0001-0000", "contents": "1957 Pacific hurricane season\nDuring the season, five storms impacted land. Hurricane Twelve was the deadliest, leaving eight casualties in Mazatl\u00e1n and the costliest was Hurricane Nina, causing an estimated $100,000 in losses. In addition to the damage, four people were killed by Nina in Hawaii. Hurricane Six killed seven people and Hurricane Ten killed two in Mexico.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [29, 29], "content_span": [30, 371]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075092-0002-0000", "contents": "1957 Pacific hurricane season, Systems, Hurricane Kanoa\nThe first hurricane of the season was identified by the National Weather Bureau in San Francisco, California on July\u00a015. The previous day, the S.S. Garvel Park recorded sustained winds of 50\u00a0mph (80\u00a0km/h) when it was situated roughly 75\u00a0mi (120\u00a0km) south of Manzanillo, Mexico. Although listed as a Category 1 hurricane for its entire known existence by the hurricane database, the storm was not confirmed to have attained hurricane intensity until July\u00a021. The storm took a steady westward track during the early portion of its existence in response to a strong ridge located north of Hawaii. On July\u00a018, the National Weather Bureau discontinued advisories on the storm as no information on it was being received.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 55], "content_span": [56, 770]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075092-0003-0000", "contents": "1957 Pacific hurricane season, Systems, Hurricane Kanoa\nOn July\u00a021, a vessel named Cape Horn relayed information regarding the storm to the National Weather Bureau, leading to them re-issuing advisories on the storm, upgrading it to a hurricane. The following day, a reconnaissance mission from Oahu, Hawaii located the storm's 40\u00a0mi (65\u00a0km) wide eye and recorded sustained winds of 80\u00a0mph (130\u00a0km/h) and gusts up to 115\u00a0mph (185\u00a0km/h). Shortly after, the storm likely attained its peak intensity as a high-end Category 1 hurricane, with winds of 85\u00a0mph (135\u00a0km/h). Early on July\u00a023, warning responsibility of the storm was given to the National Weather Bureau in Honolulu, Hawaii.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 55], "content_span": [56, 681]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075092-0004-0000", "contents": "1957 Pacific hurricane season, Systems, Hurricane Kanoa\nUpon transferring responsibility, the hurricane was given the name Kanoa, the Hawaiian name meaning \"the free one\". As the storm approached Hawaii, it began to weaken as convection filled the eye. The storm's track mirrored that of the shipping lane between the Panama Canal and Hawaii, leading to several ships being affected. Colder air also began to enter the circulation, leading to further weakening. By the time the system reached Hawaii, it was no more than an area of disturbed weather. The remnants of Kanoa persisted until July\u00a026, at which time they dissipated over the Hawaiian Islands. The remnants of the storm brought beneficial rainfall to most of Hawaii, with heavy rains being reported in parts of the Big Island.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 55], "content_span": [56, 787]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075092-0005-0000", "contents": "1957 Pacific hurricane season, Systems, Hurricane Two\nRoughly two weeks after Kanoa dissipated, the season's second hurricane was identified over the open waters of the eastern Pacific on August\u00a06. This storm traveled in a similar fashion to Kanoa in response to a high-pressure system over the northern Pacific. By August\u00a09, the system turned northwest and weakened. Cold, dry air began to enter the storm as it accelerated over cooler waters. Several reconnaissance missions were flown into the storm due to rapid changes in the storm's wind field and structure. Late on August\u00a010, the system intensified into a Category 1 hurricane and its forward motion slowed as it turned more westward.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 53], "content_span": [54, 692]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075092-0006-0000", "contents": "1957 Pacific hurricane season, Systems, Hurricane Two\nAlthough at an unusual latitude, the storm maintained this intensity for over a day before weakening to a tropical storm. During the afternoon of August\u00a013, the small system re-intensified into a hurricane. Reconnaissance reported that gale-force winds extended no more than 100\u00a0mi (160\u00a0km) from the storm's eye. Shortly thereafter, the system further intensified into a Category 2 hurricane, attaining maximum winds of 105\u00a0mph (170\u00a0km/h). Weather maps at the time depicted the storm as having a minimum pressure of 987\u00a0mbar (hPa). By August\u00a014, the storm began to weaken once more, gradually becoming a tropical storm on August\u00a015. After turning northward, the cyclone became extratropical at a high latitude of 39.8\u00b0N.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 53], "content_span": [54, 774]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075092-0007-0000", "contents": "1957 Pacific hurricane season, Systems, Hurricane Three\nAs Hurricane Two intensified over open waters, the season's third storm was identified on August\u00a09. Initially tracking westward, the hurricane turned sharply north, maintaining an intensity of 85\u00a0mph (135\u00a0km/h) during its known existence. Briefly slowing on August\u00a011, the system quickly picked up forward speed as it turned northwestward, paralleling the coastline of the Baja California Peninsula. On August\u00a014, the hurricane turned north once more; however, it lost its identity the following day off the coast of Baja California.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 55], "content_span": [56, 589]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075092-0008-0000", "contents": "1957 Pacific hurricane season, Systems, Hurricane Della\nHurricane Della was first identified on September\u00a01 southeast of Hawaii as a tropical depression. The depression quickly intensified into a tropical storm as it traveled northwest; however, operational advisories were not issued until September\u00a03. By that time, a ship reported they had encountered a storm and recorded winds of 100\u00a0mph (160\u00a0km/h). Radar images also depicted an eye had developed within the storm. After becoming a hurricane, Della began a gradual turn towards the southwest.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 55], "content_span": [56, 548]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075092-0008-0001", "contents": "1957 Pacific hurricane season, Systems, Hurricane Della\nDuring the day on September\u00a04, the storm passed roughly 10\u00a0mi (15\u00a0km) south of the French Frigate Shoals, bringing strong winds gusting up to 110\u00a0mph (175\u00a0km/h). During the storm's passage, a pressure of 980\u00a0mbar (hPa) was recorded, the lowest in relation to the storm. By September\u00a09, Della began to turn westward as it approached the International Date Line with winds of 85\u00a0mph (135\u00a0km/h).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 55], "content_span": [56, 448]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075092-0009-0000", "contents": "1957 Pacific hurricane season, Systems, Hurricane Della\nDuring the day, the storm crossed 180\u00b0, entering the western Pacific basin and being re-designated as a typhoon. The storm tracked steadily northwestward, attaining a peak intensity of 125\u00a0mph (200\u00a0km/h), a high-end Category 3 storm, before turning back towards the east. The storm gradually weakened, transitioning into an extratropical cyclone on September\u00a017 and again crossing the International Date Line. The system dissipated shortly thereafter over open waters. Throughout its existence, Hurricane/Typhoon Della traveled roughly 5,000\u00a0mi (8,000\u00a0km), the longest known track of any Pacific hurricane at the time.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 55], "content_span": [56, 674]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075092-0010-0000", "contents": "1957 Pacific hurricane season, Systems, Tropical Storm Five\nThe fifth tropical cyclone of the season was first identified as a tropical storm several hundred miles southeast of Hawaii on September\u00a09. The storm quickly attained winds of 50\u00a0mph (80\u00a0km/h) before weakening. By September\u00a011, the system weakened to a tropical depression. Later that day, the system entered an area with no ships available for reporting. However, no ships reported a storm in the region for several days, signifying the depression's dissipation.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 59], "content_span": [60, 523]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075092-0011-0000", "contents": "1957 Pacific hurricane season, Systems, Hurricane Six\nOn September\u00a017, a new hurricane was identified just off the southern coast of Mexico with winds of 85\u00a0mph (135\u00a0km/h). Moving northwestward, the storm eventually made landfall near Acapulco, Mexico at this intensity. Shortly after moving over land, the storm lost its identity.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 53], "content_span": [54, 331]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075092-0012-0000", "contents": "1957 Pacific hurricane season, Systems, Hurricane Six\nHigh winds and heavy rains from the storm caused moderate damage to structures and vessels throughout Acapulco, Mexico. Several roads were washed out or flooded by the storm. Seven people were killed throughout the region by the storm, including one U.S. citizen who was electrocuted by a downed power line.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 53], "content_span": [54, 361]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075092-0013-0000", "contents": "1957 Pacific hurricane season, Systems, Tropical Storm Seven\nSeveral days after Hurricane Six lost its identity over Mexico, a new tropical storm formed near the southern edge of the Gulf of California on September\u00a020. Some forecasters stated that the system may have been the remnants of the preceding storm which regenerated. However, the Hurricane Database did not confirm this. The system tracked nearly due north, attaining maximum winds of 50\u00a0mph (80\u00a0km/h), nearing the coastline of Mexico several times. However, the storm did not make landfall during its existence. On September\u00a022, it turned westward before dissipating just off the coast of Baja California Sur.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 60], "content_span": [61, 671]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075092-0014-0000", "contents": "1957 Pacific hurricane season, Systems, Tropical Storm Eight\nThe fifth tropical cyclone to form or enter the central Pacific was first identified on September\u00a025 several hundred miles south of the Hawaiian Islands. Traveling nearly due west, the storm attained an intensity of 50\u00a0mph (80\u00a0km/h) before weakening. By September\u00a027, the storm weakened to a tropical depression and later dissipated on September\u00a028 over open waters.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 60], "content_span": [61, 427]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075092-0015-0000", "contents": "1957 Pacific hurricane season, Systems, Tropical Storm Nine\nThe shortest lived storm of the season, Tropical Storm Nine, formed south of Mexico on September\u00a026. The system attained peak winds of 50\u00a0mph (80\u00a0km/h) during its existence. Later that day, the center of the storm relocated several dozen miles to the west. Shortly thereafter, the storm dissipated on September\u00a027 over open waters.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 59], "content_span": [60, 391]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075092-0016-0000", "contents": "1957 Pacific hurricane season, Systems, Hurricane Ten\nThe tenth known storm of the season was identified on October\u00a01 several hundred miles southwest of the tip of the Baja California Peninsula. Maximum winds observed during the storm's existence reached 85\u00a0mph (135\u00a0km/h); however, no air pressure was recorded. Initially tracking westward, the system turned northwest and later northeast by October\u00a03. After a brief acceleration on October\u00a04, the hurricane slowed as it neared the coastline of Baja California. Early on October\u00a05, the storm crossed the Peninsula as a Category 1 hurricane before entering the Gulf of California. The hurricane made another landfall near Navojoa, Mexico later that day. Rapid  weakening took place as the storm moved over the high terrain over northern Mexico. Early on October\u00a06, the system transitioned into an extratropical cyclone over New Mexico before dissipating several hours later.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 53], "content_span": [54, 924]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075092-0017-0000", "contents": "1957 Pacific hurricane season, Systems, Hurricane Ten\nAt least two people were killed after their home collapsed on them a result of the storm in Mexico. Severe cotton crop damage was reported in the Mexican states of Sonora and Baja California Sur and bridges were washed away by flood waters.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 53], "content_span": [54, 294]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075092-0018-0000", "contents": "1957 Pacific hurricane season, Systems, Hurricane Eleven\nThe season's eleven known storm identified several hundred miles south of Mexico on October\u00a017. Quickly tracking northwestward, the storm attained an intensity of 85\u00a0mph (135\u00a0km/h) during its existence. Early on October\u00a019, the hurricane turned due north, brushing the coastline of Mexico before dissipating just offshore the following day.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 56], "content_span": [57, 397]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075092-0019-0000", "contents": "1957 Pacific hurricane season, Systems, Hurricane Twelve\nThe strongest storm of the season, Hurricane Twelve, was first identified as a tropical depression several hundred miles southwest of Sonora, Mexico on October\u00a020. Tracking northeastward, the system gradually intensified into a tropical storm. Late on October\u00a021, the storm underwent a brief period of explosive intensification, strengthening from a 50\u00a0mph (80\u00a0km/h) tropical storm to a 140\u00a0mph (225\u00a0km/h) Category 4 hurricane in roughly six hours. The hurricane maintained this intensity for a further six hours before making landfall near Mazatl\u00e1n. Rapid weakening took place as the hurricane moved inland, with the system dissipating during the afternoon of October\u00a022.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 56], "content_span": [57, 729]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075092-0020-0000", "contents": "1957 Pacific hurricane season, Systems, Hurricane Twelve\nThroughout the affected region, eight people were killed by the storm. Extensive property damage was reported in the region, including the complete collapse of the local baseball stadium. Power lines and telegraph wires were downed throughout the region and high winds reportedly tossed vehicles into buildings. Many shrimp trawlers sank in the storm, leaving substantial losses in Mexico's shrimping industry.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 56], "content_span": [57, 467]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075092-0021-0000", "contents": "1957 Pacific hurricane season, Systems, Hurricane Nina\nThe last storm of the 1957 season, Hurricane Nina, was an unusually late-forming system. It was first identified on November\u00a029 as a tropical storm to the southwest of Hawaii. Steadily tracking north-northeast, the storm intensified into a Category 1 hurricane, by which time it was given the name Nina. As it approached Hawaii, the National Weather Bureau issued warnings for the storm, advising residents to take precaution and possibly evacuate. However, the storm turned westward before moving over the Hawaiian Islands with winds of 85\u00a0mph (135\u00a0km/h). Gradual weakening took place as the storm continued to move over open waters. Nina eventually dissipated after turning south on December\u00a06.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 54], "content_span": [55, 751]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075092-0022-0000", "contents": "1957 Pacific hurricane season, Systems, Hurricane Nina\nWaves up to 35\u00a0ft (11\u00a0m) damaged up to 50 homes across Hawaii and roughly 12 of them being destroyed on Kauai alone. One person was killed on land after being electrocuted by a downed power line. Offshore, a sampan called the Setsu Maru sent a distress call reporting that the boat was sinking 10\u00a0miles east of Niihau. All three people aboard the boat were reported dead as a result. In all, damage from the hurricane was estimated at $100,000.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 54], "content_span": [55, 499]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075092-0023-0000", "contents": "1957 Pacific hurricane season, Storm names\nDuring 1957, hurricanes that formed east of 140\u00b0W were not given names by the local warning center. Those that either crossed or formed west of that point were named by the National Weather Bureau in Honolulu, Hawaii. These names were taken from the names used for Pacific typhoons. Three names were used in 1957, they were Kanoa, Della and Nina. Due to the lack of major damage from these storms, their names were not retired. However, once the Central Pacific adopted its own naming scheme, these names were no longer used.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 42], "content_span": [43, 568]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075092-0024-0000", "contents": "1957 Pacific hurricane season, Season effects\nThis is a table of the storms in 1957 and their landfall(s), if any; the table does not include storms that did not make landfall, which is defined as the center of the storm moving over a landmass. Deaths in parentheses are additional and indirect (an example of an indirect death would be a traffic accident), but are still storm-related. Damage and deaths include totals while the storm was extratropical or a wave or low.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 45], "content_span": [46, 471]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075093-0000-0000", "contents": "1957 Pacific typhoon season\nThe 1957 Pacific typhoon season has no official bounds; it ran year-round in 1957, but most tropical cyclones tend to form in the northwestern Pacific Ocean between June and December. These dates conventionally delimit the period of each year when most tropical cyclones form in the northwestern Pacific Ocean.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [27, 27], "content_span": [28, 338]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075093-0001-0000", "contents": "1957 Pacific typhoon season\nThe scope of this article is limited to the Pacific Ocean, north of the equator and west of the International Date Line. Storms that form east of the date line and north of the equator are called hurricanes; see 1957 Pacific hurricane season. Tropical storms formed in the entire west Pacific basin were assigned a name by the Fleet Weather Center on Guam.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [27, 27], "content_span": [28, 384]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075093-0002-0000", "contents": "1957 Pacific typhoon season, Systems\nTwenty-two tropical storms developed in 1957 in the Northwestern Pacific. Tropical depressions were likely, but no records are known to exist that would mention any. Eighteen storms reached typhoon intensity, of which 8 reached super typhoon strength. An additional storm, Della, came across the Dateline from the Central Pacific, therefore it is not taken account in the total number of storms.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 36], "content_span": [37, 432]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075093-0003-0000", "contents": "1957 Pacific typhoon season, Systems, Tropical Storm 01W\nThe first tropical cyclone of the 1957 season, classified as Tropical Storm 01W by the JTWC, was initially identified early on January\u00a03 as a tropical depression over open waters east of the Philippines. Within several hours, the system intensified into a tropical storm as it tracked west-northwestward. Later that day, the storm attained its peak intensity with winds of 45\u00a0mph (75\u00a0km/h) and a barometric pressure of 995\u00a0mbar (29.38\u00a0inHg). Tropical Storm 01W maintained this intensity through January\u00a05 before abruptly weakening to a tropical depression near the eastern Philippines. The system made landfall in eastern Leyte early on January\u00a06 with winds of 35\u00a0mph (55\u00a0km/h) before dissipating the following day over Romblon.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 56], "content_span": [57, 785]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075093-0004-0000", "contents": "1957 Pacific typhoon season, Systems, Typhoon Rose\nAbout two weeks after Tropical Storm 01W dissipated over the Philippines, a new tropical depression formed to the southeast of Guam on January\u00a021. Gradual intensification took place as the depression tracked westward. The JTWC began monitoring the system as Tropical Storm Rose the following day, with the first advisory on the storm placing maximum winds at 50\u00a0mph (85\u00a0km/h). Rose maintained this intensity for roughly 24\u00a0hours before undergoing a brief period of rapid intensification, attaining winds of 110\u00a0mph (175\u00a0km/h) early on January\u00a023.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 50], "content_span": [51, 597]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075093-0004-0001", "contents": "1957 Pacific typhoon season, Systems, Typhoon Rose\nFor most of the day, the now Category\u00a02 typhoon, strengthened at a more modest rate before undergoing a second brief period of rapid intensification. At the end of the second strengthening phase, Rose had attained its peak intensity just below Category\u00a05 status, on the modern-day Saffir\u2013Simpson Hurricane Scale, with winds of 155\u00a0mph (250\u00a0km/h), and a minimum pressure of 952\u00a0mbar (28.11\u00a0inHg). Upon attaining this intensity, Rose became the most intense January typhoon on record, surpassing that of Super Typhoon Karen in 1948.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 50], "content_span": [51, 581]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075093-0005-0000", "contents": "1957 Pacific typhoon season, Systems, Typhoon Rose\nAfter attaining its peak intensity, Rose began to take a more northerly track and weakened. Late on January\u00a025, Rose rapidly weakened to a low-end typhoon and by January\u00a026, the system had further weakened to a tropical storm. The JTWC continued to monitor the weakening tropical storm until January\u00a027, by which time Rose had maximum winds of 40\u00a0mph (65\u00a0km/h). However, the JMA continued monitoring the remnants of Rose as it turned sharply eastward over open waters. During the afternoon of January\u00a028, the depression nearly stalled as it turned northward before accelerating and losing its identity south of Japan on January\u00a030.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 50], "content_span": [51, 682]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075093-0006-0000", "contents": "1957 Pacific typhoon season, Systems, Typhoon Shirley\nShirley formed on April 11 east of the Philippines. It moved north and intensified to its brief peak of 115\u00a0mph (185\u00a0km/h) winds and a pressure of 975\u00a0mbar on April 15. Shirley then turned to the northwest and weakened to a tropical storm on April 16. Shirley turned to the west and dissipated on April 18 near the northern end of Luzon.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 53], "content_span": [54, 391]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075093-0007-0000", "contents": "1957 Pacific typhoon season, Systems, Typhoon Trix\nTrix formed on May 2 near the Marshall Islands. It moved north briefly on May 3 and May 4, intensified to its peak of 140\u00a0mph (225\u00a0km/h) on May 5, and then turned to the west-northwest. Trix turned to the north on May 9 and to the east-northeast on May 10, weakening to a Category\u00a02 typhoon on May 11. Trix continued to move northeast and weakened to a Category 1 typhoon on May 13. It dissipated on May 17 just over the Date Line without affecting any land.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 50], "content_span": [51, 509]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075093-0008-0000", "contents": "1957 Pacific typhoon season, Systems, Typhoon Virginia\nVirginia formed on June 18 in the open western Pacific east of the southern Philippines. It moved west and strengthened to a typhoon on June 20 and reached its peak of 175\u00a0mph (280\u00a0km/h)and a minimum central pressure of 900 mbar on June 22. Virginia then began to move northwest and weakened to a Category\u00a04 typhoon as it passed east of Luzon on June 23 and June 24. It turned northward on June 24, strengthened to a secondary peak of 160\u00a0mph (260\u00a0km/h), and weakened before it made landfall in Taiwan on June 25 as a Category\u00a02 typhoon. Virginia then continued to move north and then northeast until its dissipation on June 28.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 54], "content_span": [55, 683]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075093-0009-0000", "contents": "1957 Pacific typhoon season, Systems, Typhoon Virginia\nVirginia was an early season typhoon. It destroyed 1,000 buildings and killed 86\u00a0people as it sliced through Taiwan and southern Japan. The storm left $20\u00a0million (1957\u00a0USD) in damage.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 54], "content_span": [55, 239]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075093-0010-0000", "contents": "1957 Pacific typhoon season, Systems, Typhoon Wendy\nWendy formed on July 10, and took a western path. It was projected to make landfall in the Philippines, which it did do on July 14 with 105\u00a0mph winds and a pressure of 985\u00a0mbar. After landfall, it weakened to a category one typhoon, but restrengthened after reaching the Pacific Ocean again. It battered Hong Kong when it struck it on July 16. When typhoon Wendy initially hit, it injured 8 people, killed 8 people, and 1 was missing but as it continued to pass on the death toll raised to 16.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 51], "content_span": [52, 545]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075093-0011-0000", "contents": "1957 Pacific typhoon season, Systems, Typhoon Agnes\nOn August 12, the seventh storm of the season formed. Agnes moved in an erratic northern direction until August 16, when it briefly turned to the northwest toward China. Agnes then began to curve towards the north, passing over one of the Ryukyu Islands with 155\u00a0mph winds and a minimum central pressure of 905\u00a0mbar. After it passed over the islands, Agnes weakened to tropical storm strength. On August 21, South Korea was struck by a 50\u00a0mph Agnes; their 1st tropical cyclone of the season. It passed over the peninsula and briefly was over water before it hit Russia with 45\u00a0mph winds. Agnes became extratropical the next day over southern Russia. Its extratropical form continued for two more days until it dissipated in the center of the Sea of Okhotsk.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 51], "content_span": [52, 809]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075093-0012-0000", "contents": "1957 Pacific typhoon season, Systems, Tropical Storm 08W\n08W formed on August 15, becoming the 8th of the season. It moved in a generally westward direction for a couple days until it struck Hainan on August 18 with 65\u00a0mph winds and a minimum pressure of 984\u00a0mbar. It moved south over land, retaining its strength. It soon moved north again, but suddenly turned southwest for a brief time before it returned to its original path. It weakened to a tropical depression on August 20 and struck mainland China later that day. It almost became extratropical almost at the same time. Ex-08W lingered northeast until the 24th, when the last of it was gone after ten days in existence.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 56], "content_span": [57, 677]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075093-0013-0000", "contents": "1957 Pacific typhoon season, Systems, JMA Tropical Storm Nine\nA disturbance close to Japan's coast developed into a tropical depression on August 22, and became a tropical storm 6\u00a0hours later. It managed to achieve a minimum central pressure of 999\u00a0mbar before it struck the southeastern portion of Japan. It weakened to a tropical depression shortly before landfall though, and became extratropical the next day. But its extratropical remnants continued to move north-northeast, then northeast, and then east-northeast until it dissipated on August 27.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 61], "content_span": [62, 553]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075093-0014-0000", "contents": "1957 Pacific typhoon season, Systems, Typhoon Bess\nBess formed on August 26 close to the Marshall Islands. After moving westward, Bess attained Category\u00a03 status with 115\u00a0mph winds a pressure of 950\u00a0mbar. It hit southern Japan on September 6 and later became extratropical over water on September 9. But the extratropical form of Bess continued east for one more day before it became disorganized enough to be declared dissipated.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 50], "content_span": [51, 430]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075093-0015-0000", "contents": "1957 Pacific typhoon season, Systems, Typhoon Bess\nOn August\u00a030, the typhoon battered the United States military base on Iwo Jima with winds of 110\u00a0mph (175\u00a0km/h), resulting in communication loss for roughly 23\u00a0hours. After communication was restored, officials on the island stated that there was likely no loss of life as a result of the storm. Little damage also took place throughout Iwo Jima.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 50], "content_span": [51, 397]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075093-0016-0000", "contents": "1957 Pacific typhoon season, Systems, Typhoon Bess\nWidespread damage took place throughout Kyushu as wind gusts up to 115\u00a0mph (185\u00a0km/h) and torrential rains impacted the region. Along coastal regions, waves exceeding 13\u00a0ft (4.0\u00a0m) caused significant coastal damage. In Kyushu, at least six people were killed, 14 others listed as missing and 28 more injured as a result of Bess. According to police reports, 912 homes were destroyed and 1,522 others were severely damaged by flooding and landslides triggered by Typhoon Bess. An additional 2,510 homes sustained minor damage. Throughout Japan, an estimated 24,000 people were left homeless in the wake of the storm. In all, at least 20 people were killed as a result of Bess in Japan.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 50], "content_span": [51, 735]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075093-0017-0000", "contents": "1957 Pacific typhoon season, Systems, Typhoon Carmen\nCarmen formed on September 9 north-northeast of the Philippines. It slowly moved north and the west over the course of three days, until it strengthened to a tropical storm. Carmen headed south briefly before heading east-northeast, when it began to strengthen even more. Carmen reached winds of 125\u00a0mph and a pressure of 960\u00a0mbar. But shortly thereafter, the strengthening stopped, and it slowly weakened. On September 15, Carmen made landfall in southern China and dissipated the following day.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 52], "content_span": [53, 549]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075093-0018-0000", "contents": "1957 Pacific typhoon season, Systems, Typhoon Della\nA disturbance in the Intertropical Convergence Zone developed into Tropical Storm Della on September 1. Della moved west-northwestward, strengthening to a hurricane while west of Hawaii. There, it brought heavy surf to the western islands. The hurricane continued generally westward, moving to the southwest while crossing the International Date Line. It turned westward and the northwestward. During its long northwestward trek, Della reached its peak intensity of 140\u00a0mph and a minimum central pressure of \u2264960\u00a0mbar. On September 14, Della began to travel a completely opposite direction-northeast. It continued that direction for a number of days, until it reached the Dateline as a 70\u00a0mph tropical storm. As the storm was crossing the date line, it turned sharply to the north-northeast. A few days later, Della turned east-northeast and dissipated on September 18.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 51], "content_span": [52, 921]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075093-0019-0000", "contents": "1957 Pacific typhoon season, Systems, Typhoon Elaine\nOn September 14, in the open Pacific, Elaine was formed. It moved in a generally northwestward direction while gaining strength. Its peak intensity was 140\u00a0mph and a pressure of 945\u00a0mbar. But it turned sharply to the northeast and lost strength. On its penultimate day as a tropical cyclone, it turned eastward and became extratropical the next day. Elaine's extratropical form continued one more day, and dissipated, one week since its formation, just over the Dateline.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 52], "content_span": [53, 524]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075093-0020-0000", "contents": "1957 Pacific typhoon season, Systems, Typhoon Faye\nFaye formed on September 18. It strengthened at a moderate pace until it reached its peak of 160\u00a0mph (260\u00a0km/h) and 930\u00a0mbar. After weakening, it struck Okinawa as a Category 2  typhoon; Faye battered the island, which was still recovering from Typhoon Emma that struck the same area a year ago. 53\u00a0people died in its wake, while 79 were listed as missing. Faye also left damages, straining the expensive budget caused by past and future typhoons that struck the island. Faye passed over the Date Line and shortly after became extratropical on the last day of the month, but continued one more day as an extratropical system before it met its demise.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 50], "content_span": [51, 701]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075093-0021-0000", "contents": "1957 Pacific typhoon season, Systems, Typhoon Gloria\nGloria formed on September 17. After crossing the Philippines as a category two, it brought hurricane winds to Hong Kong and strong winds to Macau. After landfall, it moved east and met its demise on September 24. It had a minimum central pressure of 980\u00a0mbar and maximum winds of 105\u00a0mph.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 52], "content_span": [53, 342]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075093-0022-0000", "contents": "1957 Pacific typhoon season, Systems, Typhoon Irma\nIrma formed on October 9, west of the Philippines. The tropical cyclone strengthened to a category one typhoon with maximum sustained winds of 85\u00a0mph and a minimum central pressure 990\u00a0mbar. It moved west, and hit Vietnam with 80\u00a0mph winds and a minimum central pressure of 995\u00a0mbar. It dissipated on October 13, over the Thailand\u2013Laos border.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 50], "content_span": [51, 394]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075093-0023-0000", "contents": "1957 Pacific typhoon season, Systems, Typhoon Irma\nTyphoon Irma brought torrential rains and high winds to Vietnam, resulting in nine fatalities and an estimated $2\u00a0million in damage.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 50], "content_span": [51, 183]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075093-0024-0000", "contents": "1957 Pacific typhoon season, Systems, Tropical Storm 17W\nTropical Storm 17W formed on October 11. Later, it hit the Philippines as a tropical depression once, then again as a tropical depression, but actually strengthened to tropical storm strength while over land. It continued west-northwest until it struck China. It dissipated around the same moment it made landfall on October 15. 16W had maximum sustained winds of 50\u00a0mph and a minimum central pressure of 1000\u00a0mbar.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 56], "content_span": [57, 472]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075093-0025-0000", "contents": "1957 Pacific typhoon season, Systems, Typhoon Judy\nJudy formed on October 19, in the open Pacific. It moved westward and strengthened into a super typhoon with maximum sustained winds of 150\u00a0mph and a minimum central pressure of 960\u00a0mbar. It then began to curve north, therefore weakening. Judy passed by Japan, but far away enough to avoid damage. Soon after that, it began to move east and then east-northeast as a tropical storm. Judy dissipated on October 30, just over the Date Line.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 50], "content_span": [51, 488]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075093-0026-0000", "contents": "1957 Pacific typhoon season, Systems, Typhoon Kit\nOn November 6, Kit formed in the same general area as Super Typhoon Judy did. It moved westward and slowly strengthened. But after reaching tropical storm-strength, Kit's intensification rapidly quickened. It briefly became a category five super typhoon with maximum sustained winds of 160\u00a0mph and a minimum central pressure of 910\u00a0mbar. After weakening slightly, Kit struck the northern Philippines as a Category\u00a04 on November 11. After exiting land, Kit restrengthened into a Category 1 . It became extratropical on November 17 and dissipated shortly thereafter.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 49], "content_span": [50, 614]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075093-0027-0000", "contents": "1957 Pacific typhoon season, Systems, Typhoon Kit\nTorrential rains and high winds impacted much of northern Luzon, Philippines during a country-wide election. Nearly half of the 7.2\u00a0million people expected to vote were effected by the typhoon. Severe property damage took place and at least 19 people were killed in the country as a result of the storm. Thousands of people were also left homeless in the wake of the typhoon.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 49], "content_span": [50, 425]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075093-0028-0000", "contents": "1957 Pacific typhoon season, Systems, Typhoon Lola\nLola formed on November 7 in the open Pacific. It moved west for a while before it shifted to a more northern position. It was shortly after that Lola had maximum sustained winds of 185\u00a0mph and a minimum central pressure of 900\u00a0mbar. Then Lola weakened and slowly curved east. It weakened to a tropical storm, then back to category one. But Lola was too far north to retain the strength and weakened even more. Lola dissipated on November 22, well over the Dateline. At some point, Lola hit Guam and caused areas in Merizo to flood four to five feet. In addition, damage was recorded in the Bikini Atoll after Lola passed near Kili Island. Crops were destroyed and the island's supply ship was sunk.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 50], "content_span": [51, 750]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075093-0029-0000", "contents": "1957 Pacific typhoon season, Systems, Typhoon Mamie\nOn November 17, Tropical Storm Mamie developed over the open Pacific Ocean, in a way similar to Typhoon Lola's formation, but moved northwest instead. As soon as Mamie began to curved north, it attained its maximum sustained winds of 125\u00a0mph and minimum central pressure of 960\u00a0mbar. But then it moved east-northeast and rapidly weakened. Mamie moved north and became extratropical on November 24, and dissipated on November 25.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 51], "content_span": [52, 480]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075093-0030-0000", "contents": "1957 Pacific typhoon season, Season statistics, Impact\nThis table summarizes the death toll for selected cyclones. This table is restricted to storms that threatened land only. The color behind the date and location of landfall indicates its strength at that landfall or near miss.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 54], "content_span": [55, 281]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075093-0031-0000", "contents": "1957 Pacific typhoon season, Storm names\nThe names use are the same as when they were last used, except for Virginia and Wendy, which replaced Vae and Wilma.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 40], "content_span": [41, 157]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075093-0032-0000", "contents": "1957 Pacific typhoon season, Storm names\nOne eastern Pacific storm, Hurricane Della, crossed into this basin. It became Typhoon Della, keeping its original name (even though its name was from the West Pacific list) and \"C\" suffix. In addition, Hurricane Nina formed in the Central Pacific, and remained in the basin. It received a name on the West Pacific list; but doesn't count as part of the 1957 Pacific typhoon season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 40], "content_span": [41, 423]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075094-0000-0000", "contents": "1957 Pacoima mid-air collision\nOn January 31, 1957, a Douglas DC-7B operated by Douglas Aircraft Company was involved in a mid-air collision with a United States Air Force Northrop F-89 Scorpion and crashed into the schoolyard of Pacoima Junior High School located in Pacoima, a suburb in the San Fernando Valley of Los Angeles, California.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [30, 30], "content_span": [31, 340]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075094-0001-0000", "contents": "1957 Pacoima mid-air collision, Accident\nThe DC-7B, which was earmarked for delivery to Continental Airlines, took off from the Santa Monica Airport at 10:15\u00a0a.m. on its first functional test flight, with a crew of four Douglas personnel aboard. Meanwhile, in Palmdale to the north, a pair of two-man F-89J fighter jets took off at 10:50\u00a0a.m. on test flights, one that involved a check of their on-board radar equipment. Both jets and the DC-7B were performing their individual tests at an altitude of 25,000 feet in clear skies over the San Fernando Valley when, at about 11:18\u00a0a.m., a high-speed, near-head-on midair collision occurred. Investigators were later able to determine that the two aircraft most likely converged at a point over an area northeast of the Hansen Dam spillway.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 40], "content_span": [41, 787]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075094-0002-0000", "contents": "1957 Pacoima mid-air collision, Accident\nFollowing the collision, Curtiss Adams (1929-2002), the radarman aboard the eastbound twin-engine F-89J Scorpion, was able to bail out of the stricken fighter jet and, despite incurring serious burns, parachuted to a landing onto a garage roof in Burbank, breaking his leg when he fell to the ground. The fighter jet's pilot, Roland E. Owen, died when the aircraft plummeted in flames into La Tuna Canyon in the Verdugo Mountains.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 40], "content_span": [41, 471]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075094-0003-0000", "contents": "1957 Pacoima mid-air collision, Accident\nThe DC-7B, with a portion of its left wing sheared off, remained airborne for a few minutes then rolled to the left and began an uncontrollable, spiraling, high-velocity dive earthward. In doing so, it began raining debris onto the Pacoima neighborhoods below as the aircraft began to break apart. Seconds later, part of the hurtling wreckage slammed onto the grounds of the Pacoima Congregational Church, killing all four Douglas crewmen aboard while the major portions fell onto the adjacent playground of Pacoima Junior High School.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 40], "content_span": [41, 576]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075094-0003-0001", "contents": "1957 Pacoima mid-air collision, Accident\nOn the school playground, where some 220 boys were just ending their outdoor athletic activities, the wreckage broke upon impact into numerous pieces and intense fires began due to the aircraft's fuel and oil. Distinct craters were made in the playground by each of the four engines and the main center fuselage section. Two students were struck and killed by this wreckage and debris. A third gravely injured student died two days later in a local hospital. An estimated 75 more students on the school playground suffered injuries ranging from critical to minor.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 40], "content_span": [41, 604]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075094-0004-0000", "contents": "1957 Pacoima mid-air collision, Accident\nThe collision was blamed on pilot error and the failure of both aircraft crews to exercise proper \u201csee and avoid\u201d procedures regarding other aircraft while operating under visual flight rules (VFR). The crash also prompted the Civil Aeronautics Board (CAB) to set restrictions on all aircraft test flights, both military and civilian, requiring that they be made over open water or specifically approved sparsely populated areas.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 40], "content_span": [41, 470]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075094-0005-0000", "contents": "1957 Pacoima mid-air collision, Popular culture\nThe event is depicted in the film La Bamba, the 1987 biopic of rock 'n' roll legend Ritchie Valens, who was a 15-year-old student at Pacoima Junior High School at the time of the disaster.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 47], "content_span": [48, 236]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075094-0006-0000", "contents": "1957 Pacoima mid-air collision, Popular culture\nValens was not at school that day because he was attending the funeral of his grandfather. Recurring nightmares of the disaster led to Valens' fear of flying, which he overcame after he launched his music career. Ironically, Valens, along with fellow rock 'n' rollers Buddy Holly and The Big Bopper, and pilot Roger Peterson, perished two years later in an airplane crash when their chartered Beechcraft Bonanza crashed near Mason City, Iowa, in the early morning hours of February 3, 1959.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 47], "content_span": [48, 538]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075094-0007-0000", "contents": "1957 Pacoima mid-air collision, Popular culture\nThe crash (1957 Pacoima mid-air collision) was discussed on the May 19, 1957, episode of The CBS Radio Workshop (entitled \"Heaven Is In the Sky\"). The program described when and how both planes took off from their respective airfields, and included discussion of how the Pacoima Junior High School was having the 7th grade students outside for exercise. It also included interviews with people who were witnesses and/or affected by the crash.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 47], "content_span": [48, 490]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075095-0000-0000", "contents": "1957 Palanca Awards\nThe Carlos Palanca Memorial Awards for Literature winners in the year 1957 (rank, title of winning entry, name of author).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [19, 19], "content_span": [20, 142]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075096-0000-0000", "contents": "1957 Pan Arab Games\nThe 2nd Pan Arab Games were held in Beirut, Lebanon between October 12 and October 28, 1957. 914 athletes from 10 countries participated in events in 12 sports.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [19, 19], "content_span": [20, 180]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075097-0000-0000", "contents": "1957 Papua New Guinean general election\nGeneral elections were held in Papua and New Guinea on 31 August 1957.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [39, 39], "content_span": [40, 110]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075097-0001-0000", "contents": "1957 Papua New Guinean general election, Electoral system\nThe 29-member Legislative Council consisted of the Administrator, 16 civil servants, nine members appointed by the Administrator (three representatives of the indigenous population, three representing European settlers and three representing missionaries) and three elected Europeans. The Chinese community were also given the right to vote alongside Europeans.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 57], "content_span": [58, 419]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075097-0002-0000", "contents": "1957 Papua New Guinean general election, Electoral system\nThe three elected members were elected from three single-member constituencies, New Guinea Islands, New Guinea Mainland and Papua by preferential voting. Voting was not compulsory.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 57], "content_span": [58, 238]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075097-0003-0000", "contents": "1957 Papua New Guinean general election, Electoral system\nAutomatic postal voting was introduced for all registered voters who lived over ten miles from the nearest polling station.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 57], "content_span": [58, 181]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075097-0004-0000", "contents": "1957 Papua New Guinean general election, Campaign\nIn New Guinea Islands, incumbent MLC Don Barrett was opposed by Dudley Jones, a Rabaul lawyer.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 49], "content_span": [50, 144]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075097-0005-0000", "contents": "1957 Papua New Guinean general election, Campaign\nGeorge Whittaker did not stand for re-election in New Guinea Mainland after retiring. The seat was contested by Ian Downs, a former District Commissioner, and Sydney Barker, a dentist and miner from Wau.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 49], "content_span": [50, 253]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075097-0006-0000", "contents": "1957 Papua New Guinean general election, Campaign\nThe Papua seat was contested by the incumbent Ernest James and Craig Kirke, a solicitor based in Port Moresby.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 49], "content_span": [50, 160]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075097-0007-0000", "contents": "1957 Papua New Guinean general election, Results\nDudley Jones unexpectedly defeated Don Barrett in New Guinea Islands, whilst Ian Downs was elected in New Guinea Mainland and Ernest James was re-elected in Papua. Over 3,000 people voted, a significant increase on the 734 votes cast in the 1954 elections (although one seat had been uncontested).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 48], "content_span": [49, 346]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075097-0008-0000", "contents": "1957 Papua New Guinean general election, Results, Appointed members\nDoris Booth declined to be re-nominated as a European member, with John Hohnen nominated in her place, whilst Merari Dickson was replaced by Mahuru Rarua-Rarua as a native representative.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 67], "content_span": [68, 255]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075098-0000-0000", "contents": "1957 Paraguayan Primera Divisi\u00f3n season\nThe 1957 season of the Paraguayan Primera Divisi\u00f3n, the top category of Paraguayan football, was played by 8 teams. The national champions were Olimpia.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [39, 39], "content_span": [40, 192]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075099-0000-0000", "contents": "1957 Paris summit\nThe 1957 Paris summit was the first NATO summit bringing the leaders of member nations together at the same time. The formal sessions and informal meetings in Paris, France took place on December 16\u201319, 1957. This was only the second meeting of the NATO heads of state following the ceremonial signing of the North Atlantic Treaty on April 4, 1949.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [17, 17], "content_span": [18, 366]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075099-0001-0000", "contents": "1957 Paris summit, Background\nAt the time of the 1957 summit, NATO countries were at what The New York Times and others labeled as a crucial \"crossroads\" in their relationship. The summit was designed as \"a reconsideration of the relationship of the strategy for the defense of Western Europe\", particularly in light of fading US nuclear superiority with regard to the Soviet Union. The summit was considered to be the main American diplomatic response to the Russian launch of the orbiting Sputnik satellite.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 29], "content_span": [30, 509]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075099-0002-0000", "contents": "1957 Paris summit, Background\nThe unanimous agreement in principle to deploy intermediate range ballistic missiles (IRBMs) in Europe was counterbalanced by the decision to emphasize diplomatic negotiations with the Soviets. The ratification of this two-pronged strategy was one of the summit's accomplishments. British Prime Minister Harold Macmillan was the leader of those pushing for a \"dual-track\" approach in dealing with threats to international stability. He argued in favor of two separate, but parallel agendas\u2014one military and the other political.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 29], "content_span": [30, 557]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075099-0003-0000", "contents": "1957 Paris summit, Background\nThe summit discussions resulted in a dilution of the defiant posture the Americans had argued for NATO to adopt.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 29], "content_span": [30, 142]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075099-0004-0000", "contents": "1957 Paris summit, Agenda\nThe general discussions focused on the need for cooperation in order to mitigate conflict in international policies and in order to further encourage economic collaboration, including", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 25], "content_span": [26, 209]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075100-0000-0000", "contents": "1957 Paris\u2013Nice\nThe 1957 Paris\u2013Nice was the 15th edition of the Paris\u2013Nice cycle race and was held from 12 March to 17 March 1957. The race started in Paris and finished in Nice. The race was won by Jacques Anquetil of the Helyett team.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 15], "section_span": [15, 15], "content_span": [16, 236]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075101-0000-0000", "contents": "1957 Paris\u2013Roubaix\nThe 1957 Paris\u2013Roubaix was the 55th\u00a0edition of the Paris\u2013Roubaix, a classic one-day cycle race in France. The single day event was held on 7 April 1957 and stretched 263\u00a0km (163\u00a0mi) from Paris to the finish at Roubaix Velodrome. The winner was Alfred De Bruyne from Belgium.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 18], "section_span": [18, 18], "content_span": [19, 293]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075102-0000-0000", "contents": "1957 Paris\u2013Tours\nThe 1957 Paris\u2013Tours was the 51st edition of the Paris\u2013Tours cycle race and was held on 6 October 1957. The race started in Paris and finished in Tours. The race was won by Fred De Bruyne.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 16], "section_span": [16, 16], "content_span": [17, 205]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075103-0000-0000", "contents": "1957 Pau Grand Prix\nThe 1957 Pau Grand Prix was a non-championship Formula One race held at Pau on 22 April 1957. The 110-lap race was won by Maserati driver Jean Behra after starting from pole position. His teammate Harry Schell finished second and Connaught driver Ivor Bueb came in third.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [19, 19], "content_span": [20, 291]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075104-0000-0000", "contents": "1957 Penn Quakers football team\nThe 1957 Penn Quakers football team was an American football team that represented the University of Pennsylvania as a member of the Ivy League during the 1957 NCAA University Division football season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [31, 31], "content_span": [32, 233]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075104-0001-0000", "contents": "1957 Penn Quakers football team\nIn their fourth year under head coach Steve Sebo, the Quakers compiled a 3\u20136 record and were outscored 138 to 121. David Weixelbaum and Peter Keblish were the team captains.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [31, 31], "content_span": [32, 205]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075104-0002-0000", "contents": "1957 Penn Quakers football team\nPenn's 3\u20134 conference record tied for fourth place in the Ivy League. The Quakers outscored their Ivy opponents 100 to 84.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [31, 31], "content_span": [32, 154]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075104-0003-0000", "contents": "1957 Penn Quakers football team\nPenn played its home games at Franklin Field adjacent to the university's campus in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [31, 31], "content_span": [32, 143]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075105-0000-0000", "contents": "1957 Penn State Nittany Lions baseball team\nThe 1957 Penn State Nittany Lions baseball team represented the Pennsylvania State University in the 1957 NCAA University Division baseball season. The team was coached by Joe Bedenk in his 27th season at Penn State.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 43], "section_span": [43, 43], "content_span": [44, 260]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075105-0001-0000", "contents": "1957 Penn State Nittany Lions baseball team\nThe Nittany Lions lost the College World Series, defeated by the California Golden Bears in the championship game.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 43], "section_span": [43, 43], "content_span": [44, 158]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075106-0000-0000", "contents": "1957 Penn State Nittany Lions football team\nThe 1957 Penn State Nittany Lions football team represented the Pennsylvania State University in the 1957 NCAA University Division football season. The team was coached by Rip Engle and played its home games in New Beaver Field in University Park, Pennsylvania.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 43], "section_span": [43, 43], "content_span": [44, 305]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075107-0000-0000", "contents": "1957 Pepperdine Waves football team\nThe 1957 Pepperdine Waves football team represented George Pepperdine College as an independent during the 1957 NCAA College Division football season. The team was led by third-year head coach John Scolinos and played home games at El Camino Stadium on the campus of El Camino College in Torrance, California. They finished the season with a record of three 3\u20136.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [35, 35], "content_span": [36, 398]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075107-0001-0000", "contents": "1957 Pepperdine Waves football team, Team players in the NFL\nNo Pepperdine players were selected in the 1958 NFL Draft.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 60], "content_span": [61, 119]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075108-0000-0000", "contents": "1957 Peruvian Primera Divisi\u00f3n\nThe 1957 season of the Primera Divisi\u00f3n Peruana, the top category of Peruvian football, was played by 10 teams. The national champions were Centro Ique\u00f1o. At the end of the regular season (home and away matches) teams were split in 2 groups of 5 teams: top 5 played for the title and bottom 5 played for the relegation. Teams carried their regular season records and played an additional round (4 further matches).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [30, 30], "content_span": [31, 445]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075109-0000-0000", "contents": "1957 Pescara Grand Prix\nThe 1957 Pescara Grand Prix was a Formula One motor race, held on 18 August 1957, at the Pescara Circuit near Pescara in Italy. The race was the 7th round of the 1957 World Championship of Drivers. The 15.99\u00a0mi (25.73\u00a0km) circuit is the longest to ever hold a world championship race in Formula One. The race was the first and only Formula One World Championship race to take place at the track. It was also the first of two consecutive Italian races, which meant that it was the first time that the same country had held two Formula One World Championship races in the same season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [23, 23], "content_span": [24, 606]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075109-0001-0000", "contents": "1957 Pescara Grand Prix, Background\nThe Grand Prix was contested by 16 drivers and three official constructors, with Luigi Musso entered unofficially due to Ferrari withdrawing with safety concerns. The constructors were Maserati, Vanwall and Cooper-Climax. Juan Manuel Fangio led the championship with 34 points, ahead of Luigi Musso on 16 points and Mike Hawthorn on 13 points. Tony Brooks was in 4th with 10 points, and Sam Hanks, Stirling Moss and Peter Collins were all 5th with 8 points. Fangio had won four races and had clinched the title at the 6th round, the German Grand Prix.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 35], "content_span": [36, 587]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075109-0001-0001", "contents": "1957 Pescara Grand Prix, Background\nBoth Musso and Hawthorn finished in the top three for two races. Maserati had a strong start to the season, outshining Ferrari in both the race and qualifying on multiple occasions. Fangio had a strong start to the season, winning the first two rounds. Moss, however, had a poor start to the season. He struggled with reliability issues such as a broken throttle linkage at Argentina and became ill just before the French Grand Prix.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 35], "content_span": [36, 469]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075109-0002-0000", "contents": "1957 Pescara Grand Prix, Background\nThe Grand Prix was the first and only World Championship race to take place at Pescara. The circuit hosted its last event in 1961, after which it was closed due to safety concerns. The track was 15.99\u00a0mi (25.73\u00a0km) long, the longest circuit to ever host a Formula One World Championship round.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 35], "content_span": [36, 329]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075109-0003-0000", "contents": "1957 Pescara Grand Prix, Background\nThe event took place at short notice due to the sudden cancellation of the Belgian and Dutch Grands Prix over disputes regarding fees. The organisers had offered the constructors reduced appearance fees, which they rejected. Due to the large size of the circuit, no attempt was made to require an entry ticket. Many spectators watched the race from houses around the track. Around 200,000 spectators were estimated to have been in attendance.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 35], "content_span": [36, 478]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075109-0004-0000", "contents": "1957 Pescara Grand Prix, Background, Safety concerns\nPending the investigation for the deaths of 13 people at Mille Miglia earlier that year, Enzo Ferrari stated that Ferrari would not compete in the race. However, he did enter a single Ferrari 801 after he received insistent requests from Luigi Musso. Although, he stated that this did not constitute an official Ferrari entry into the race.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 52], "content_span": [53, 393]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075109-0005-0000", "contents": "1957 Pescara Grand Prix, Background, Safety concerns\nDespite a ban on all motor races on public roads following the disaster, the race was given special permission by the Italian Government to go ahead. The track was modified to conform with new safety regulations introduced after the accident. A chicane was added at the end of the seafront straight.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 52], "content_span": [53, 352]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075109-0006-0000", "contents": "1957 Pescara Grand Prix, Practice and qualifying\nThere were no official Practice sessions. However, due to the circuit being a road course, many drivers drove observation laps in road cars two days before the race. Qualifying consisted of two sessions which were held on the Saturday before the Sunday race-from 07:00 to 09:30 and 16:30 to 18:30 local time. Between the two sessions, the straw bales were removed and the road was opened up again to the public. At the end of the sessions, Fangio set the quickest lap time of a 9:44.6 which gave him pole position. He set an average lap speed of 103.95\u00a0mph (167.29\u00a0km/h), which unofficially beat the previous lap record of 89.2\u00a0mph (143.6\u00a0km/h) because it was set during qualifying. Moss was second with a 9:54.7 and Musso was third with a 10:00.0.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 48], "content_span": [49, 797]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075109-0007-0000", "contents": "1957 Pescara Grand Prix, Race\nTwo hours before the race start, Fangio complained of pains in his right shoulder. However, he still competed in the race.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 29], "content_span": [30, 152]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075109-0008-0000", "contents": "1957 Pescara Grand Prix, Race\nThe race took place from 09:30 local time in dry and very hot weather.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 29], "content_span": [30, 100]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075109-0009-0000", "contents": "1957 Pescara Grand Prix, Race\nA unique incident occurred when Jack Brabham's F2 Cooper was running short of fuel far from the pits and he pulled into a roadside petrol station and topped up.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 29], "content_span": [30, 190]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075110-0000-0000", "contents": "1957 Philadelphia Eagles season\nThe 1957 Philadelphia Eagles season was their 25th in the league. They improved on their previous output of 3\u20138\u20131, winning six games. The team failed to qualify for the playoffs for the eighth consecutive season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [31, 31], "content_span": [32, 244]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075110-0001-0000", "contents": "1957 Philadelphia Eagles season, Offseason, NFL Draft\nThe 1957 NFL Draft was held on November 27, 1956. This was before the end of the NFL Season and the between time of NCAA College football season end and the College bowl games. The draft once again was 30 rounds long, 12 teams picking, and a total of 360 players selected. This again was a year that there was a Lottery bonus pick. This year's team to get the overall number 1 pick in the draft was the Green Bay Packers that selected, 1956 Heisman Trophy winner, Paul Hornungwho was a Halfback out of Notre Dame", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 53], "content_span": [54, 566]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075110-0002-0000", "contents": "1957 Philadelphia Eagles season, Offseason, Player selections\nThe table shows the Eagles selections and what picks they had that were traded away and the team that ended up with that pick. It is possible the Eagles' pick ended up with this team via another team that the Eagles made a trade with. Not shown are acquired picks that the Eagles traded away.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 61], "content_span": [62, 354]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075110-0003-0000", "contents": "1957 Philadelphia Eagles season, Schedule, Standings\nNote: Tie games were not officially counted in the standings until 1972.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 52], "content_span": [53, 125]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075110-0004-0000", "contents": "1957 Philadelphia Eagles season, Roster\n(All time List of Philadelphia Eagles players in franchise history)", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 39], "content_span": [40, 107]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075110-0005-0000", "contents": "1957 Philadelphia Eagles season, Postseason\nHead Coach Hugh Devore struggled during his two seasons in the City of Brotherly Love, compiling a mark of 7\u201316\u20131. The poor record led to Devore's firing on January 11, 1958. Despite adding assistants such as former New York Giants head coach Steve Owen.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 43], "content_span": [44, 298]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075111-0000-0000", "contents": "1957 Philadelphia Phillies season, Regular season\nThe Phillies integrated during the 1957 season. John Kennedy, the team's first black player, made his debut with the Phillies on April 22, 1957, at Roosevelt Stadium against the Brooklyn Dodgers.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 49], "content_span": [50, 245]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075111-0001-0000", "contents": "1957 Philadelphia Phillies season, Player stats, Batting, Starters by position\nNote: Pos = Position; G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 78], "content_span": [79, 203]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075111-0002-0000", "contents": "1957 Philadelphia Phillies season, Player stats, Batting, Other batters\nNote: G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 71], "content_span": [72, 180]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075111-0003-0000", "contents": "1957 Philadelphia Phillies season, Player stats, Pitching, Starting pitchers\nNote: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 76], "content_span": [77, 187]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075111-0004-0000", "contents": "1957 Philadelphia Phillies season, Player stats, Pitching, Other pitchers\nNote: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 73], "content_span": [74, 184]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075111-0005-0000", "contents": "1957 Philadelphia Phillies season, Player stats, Pitching, Relief pitchers\nNote: G = Games pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; SV = Saves; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 74], "content_span": [75, 175]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075112-0000-0000", "contents": "1957 Philadelphia municipal election\nPhiladelphia's municipal election of November 5, 1957, involved the election of the district attorney, city controller, and the remainder of a term for one city council seat, as well as several row offices and judgeships. Democrats were successful citywide, continuing a run of victories racked up after the passage of a new city charter in 1951 despite growing divisions between factions of the party. Victor H. Blanc, the incumbent district attorney, led the Democratic ticket to victory. They held the city council seat and took two citywide offices that Republicans had won in 1953. In the judges' elections, most were endorsed by both parties but in the one race that pitted a Democratic candidate against a Republican, the Democrats were successful in seating their candidate, former Congressman Earl Chudoff.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [36, 36], "content_span": [37, 852]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075112-0001-0000", "contents": "1957 Philadelphia municipal election, Background\nAfter the Democrats' electoral victories in 1951 and 1955, they hoped to further solidify their hold on city offices by ousting the few Republicans left in power. At the same time, however, they were faced with growing divisions within their own party. Democrats had won in 1951 by combining with reform-minded Republicans and independents. By 1954, however, some Democrats led by Council President James Hugh Joseph Tate tried to weaken the civil service reforms of the new charter by allowing city employees to become involved in electioneering once more.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 48], "content_span": [49, 606]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075112-0001-0001", "contents": "1957 Philadelphia municipal election, Background\nThey fell just short of the two-thirds vote in Council to put their amendments on the ballot, but in 1956, Tate's faction again proposed charter amendments aimed at weakening civil service protections and this time found the required vote to put it on to the ballot for popular approval. The referendum failed in a vote that April.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 48], "content_span": [49, 380]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075112-0002-0000", "contents": "1957 Philadelphia municipal election, Background\nThe rift widened by 1957 as U.S. Senator (and former Democratic mayor of Philadelphia) Joseph S. Clark, Jr. joined his successor, Richardson Dilworth, in refusing to back the Democratic ticket, citing mismanagement and political cronyism. Republicans, led by City Committee Chairman Wilbur H. Hamilton, used the occasion to woo reform-minded voters by claiming their ticket was free of machine control, and that they \"owe nothing to the political bosses.\" Meanwhile, voter interest in the off-year election was low despite extensive radio and print advertising by both parties.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 48], "content_span": [49, 626]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075112-0003-0000", "contents": "1957 Philadelphia municipal election, District Attorney\nIn an arrangement that predates the 1951 City Charter, Philadelphia elects a District Attorney independent of the mayor's office. Dilworth had been elected to the office in 1951 but resigned in 1955 to run for mayor. Victor H. Blanc, a city councilman and former assistant district attorney, was elected to fill the unexpired term. Blanc was a veteran of both World Wars who, during his time on the council, led an investigation into corruption in construction at Philadelphia International Airport.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 55], "content_span": [56, 555]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075112-0003-0001", "contents": "1957 Philadelphia municipal election, District Attorney\nIn 1957, he ran for a full four-year term, but his connection with machine politics led Clark and Dilworth to withhold their endorsement of him. The Republican nominee was Emil F. Goldhaber, a local lawyer who had worked in the state attorney general's office and in private practice. He was unopposed in the primary. The split in the Democratic leadership made the district attorney's race the liveliest of the campaign, according to The Philadelphia Inquirer writer Joseph H. Miller.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 55], "content_span": [56, 541]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075112-0004-0000", "contents": "1957 Philadelphia municipal election, District Attorney\nBlanc overcame the intra-party dissension to defeat Goldhaber, although his vote total was reduced to 56%, down from the 60% of the vote he received two years earlier. Blanc thanked the voters \"who showed great faith\" in him, and Goldhaber conceded by 10:30\u00a0p.m. on election night. Blanc would hold the position of district attorney until 1960, when he was appointed to the Court of Common Pleas. Goldhaber returned to private practice and was also later appointed to the bench, serving as a bankruptcy judge from 1966 to 1986.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 55], "content_span": [56, 583]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075112-0005-0000", "contents": "1957 Philadelphia municipal election, City Controller\nUnder the 1951 City Charter, Philadelphia elects a City Controller to sit at the head of an independent auditing department. The Controller approves all payments made out of the city treasury and audits the executive departments. As an independently elected official, the Controller is not responsible to the mayor or the city council. The office was created as one of the good-government reforms intended to reduce the corruption that had previously plagued city government and led to the reform coalition of 1951.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 53], "content_span": [54, 569]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075112-0006-0000", "contents": "1957 Philadelphia municipal election, City Controller\nRepublican Foster A. Dunlap had won the office in 1953, making it one of the few his party controlled in the city. The party renominated him without opposition. Democrat Alexander Hemphill was the organization-backed candidate, and he defeated political outsider George Glick without difficulty. Hemphill, who had worked with reformers in the campaigns that ultimately defeated the Republican organization in 1951, was a lawyer with a long history of involvement in Democratic politics. Unlike in the district attorney's race, the Democrats were united on the choice for city controller and Clark and Dilworth both publicly endorsed Hemphill. The result was a solid victory for the Democrats as Hemphill was elected by a thirteen-point margin.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 53], "content_span": [54, 797]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075112-0007-0000", "contents": "1957 Philadelphia municipal election, Other row offices\nThe Republicans had also maintained their hold on the patronage-rich office of Register of Wills in 1953, electing attorney and former football star Robert C. Duffy, by a slim margin over the Democratic nominee, former Congressman Francis R. Smith. Duffy did not run for re-election, and the Republican nomination was contested between factions of the Republican party organization, a \"regular\" faction, led by Hamilton, former Sheriff Austin Meehan, and Board of Revision of Taxes President William F. Meade; and an insurgent faction led by ward leaders dissatisfied with the hierarchy's control over nominations. The establishment faction carried the day, winning the nomination for their man, Joseph P. Gorham. Democrats were more united on their choice, selecting Deputy State Insurance Commissioner Bernard J. Kelley in an uncontested primary.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 55], "content_span": [56, 904]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075112-0008-0000", "contents": "1957 Philadelphia municipal election, Other row offices\nKelley was victorious, reversing the Republicans' gains of four years earlier and winning by a fifteen-point margin. The story was similar in the special election for the clerk of the court of quarter sessions (a court whose jurisdiction is now exercised by the court of common pleas). In the race to replace Democrat Joseph A. Scanlon, who died earlier in the year, Democratic state representative Louis Amarando defeated Republican Herbert R. Cain, Jr., by a 58% to 42% margin. As Miller wrote the next day, the \"victory also demonstrated the supremacy of the [Democratic] party in Philadelphia from an organizational standpoint\".", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 55], "content_span": [56, 688]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075112-0009-0000", "contents": "1957 Philadelphia municipal election, City Council special election\nVoters in the 1st district also voted for city council in 1957 in a special election called after the death of Councilman Thomas I. Guerin the year before. Democratic ward leaders in the district, which covered most of South Philadelphia, nominated Emanuel Weinberg, leader of the 39th ward and a former state Deputy Secretary of Insurance. The nomination was not without controversy: Governor George M. Leader had fired Weinberg along with several other political appointees who were found, as The Philadelphia Inquirer reported, to have \"enjoyed immunity from supervision and control and were permitted to pursue their private enterprises in addition to their State duties.\"", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 67], "content_span": [68, 744]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075112-0010-0000", "contents": "1957 Philadelphia municipal election, City Council special election\nThe nomination drew criticism from reform-minded Democrats, including Clark, who said the nomination showed \"contempt for the independent vote.\" Weinberg's nomination also disappointed Guerin's widow, Mary C. Guerin, who ran as an independent. Guerin noted that Weinberg had been fired from his state job for good reason, saying \"one would suppose that Governor Leader did not fire him for being late for work.\" Despite the split in Democratic support, Weinberg achieved a clear victory over Guerin and their Republican opponent, John Donnelly.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 67], "content_span": [68, 612]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075112-0011-0000", "contents": "1957 Philadelphia municipal election, Judges and magistrates\nAlthough Pennsylvania's judges are elected in partisan elections, there had been a tradition of not challenging the re-election of incumbents, or \"sitting judges.\" To that end, judicial candidates were typically endorsed by both major parties. The parties had followed the sitting judge tradition in 1951, but in 1953 the Democrats broke the informal pact and endorsed just three of the sitting judges. The result was an unusually intense contest for the thirteen seats available, which the Republicans won.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 60], "content_span": [61, 568]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075112-0012-0000", "contents": "1957 Philadelphia municipal election, Judges and magistrates\nBy 1957, the old order was mostly re-established as fourteen of the fifteen judges were endorsed for re-election by both parties and returned to office without opposition. The fifteenth, 75-year-old Joseph L. Kun, was President Judge of the Court of Common Pleas and had served on the court for thirty years. In February, lawyers from the city bar association voted by a 2-to-1 margin to not endorse his re-election, calling him unqualified to hold office. Despite the bipartisan effort against him among the city's lawyers, Kun filed for re-election in both parties' primaries.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 60], "content_span": [61, 639]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075112-0012-0001", "contents": "1957 Philadelphia municipal election, Judges and magistrates\nKun won the Republican nomination handily, but lost the Democratic nomination to Earl Chudoff, a member of the federal House of Representatives from Pennsylvania's 4th congressional district. In November, Chudoff won easily, taking 58% of the vote. Kun, already in poor health, retired from the profession of law and died in 1961. Chudoff remained on the bench until 1974.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 60], "content_span": [61, 433]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075112-0013-0000", "contents": "1957 Philadelphia municipal election, Judges and magistrates\nThere were also thirteen seats open for magistrate, a local court, the duties of which are now performed by the Philadelphia Municipal Court. In the magistrate races, each political party could nominate eight candidates, and voters could only vote for eight, with the result being that the majority party could only take eight of the thirteen seats, leaving five for the minority party. The Democrats took the maximum number of eight magistracies, with incumbents Vincent A. Dean and William Cibotti leading the ticket. Republicans were held to just the five slots allotted them, with incumbent Benjamin W. Schwartz taking the most votes of his party's nominees.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 60], "content_span": [61, 723]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075112-0014-0000", "contents": "1957 Philadelphia municipal election, Ballot questions\nIn the primary ballot, voters agreed to divide the 35th ward into seven wards, accounting for the increased settlement in the city's Northeast section that made the ward extremely populous. The action brought the total number of wards to 58. The measure had support from both parties and passed overwhelmingly. In the general election, two loans questions were on the ballot: $16 million for general municipal improvements, and $10 million for water and sewer systems. Both measures passed.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 54], "content_span": [55, 545]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075113-0000-0000", "contents": "1957 Philippine House of Representatives elections\nThe elections for the House of Representatives of the Philippines were held on November 12, 1957. Held on the same day as the presidential election, the party of the incumbent president, Carlos P. Garcia's Nacionalista Party, won a majority of the seats in the House of Representatives.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 50], "section_span": [50, 50], "content_span": [51, 337]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075113-0001-0000", "contents": "1957 Philippine House of Representatives elections\nThe elected representatives served in the 4th Congress from 1957 to 1961.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 50], "section_span": [50, 50], "content_span": [51, 124]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075114-0000-0000", "contents": "1957 Philippine Senate election\nA senatorial election was held on November 12, 1957 in the Philippines. The Nacionalista Party, despite losing two seats to the Liberal Party still held the Senate with twenty seats. The Liberals who won were actor Rogelio de la Rosa and former basketball player Ambrosio Padilla.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [31, 31], "content_span": [32, 312]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075114-0001-0000", "contents": "1957 Philippine Senate election, Retiring incumbents, Incumbents running elsewhere\nThese ran in the middle of their Senate terms. For those losing in their respective elections, they can still return to the Senate to serve out their term, while the winners will vacate their Senate seats, then it would have been contested in a special election concurrently with the next general election.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 82], "content_span": [83, 389]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075114-0002-0000", "contents": "1957 Philippine Senate election, Results\nThe Nacionalista Party won six seats contested in the election, while the Liberal Party won two.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 40], "content_span": [41, 137]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075114-0003-0000", "contents": "1957 Philippine Senate election, Results\nNacionalistas Roseller T. Lim, Cipriano Primcias Sr., and Gil Puyat defended their Senate seats", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 40], "content_span": [41, 136]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075114-0004-0000", "contents": "1957 Philippine Senate election, Results\nThe two winning Liberals are neophyte senators: Ambrosio Padilla and Rogelio de la Rosa. Also entering the Senate for the first time are Nacionalistas Eulogio Balao, Oscar Ledesma, and Arturo Tolentino.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 40], "content_span": [41, 243]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075114-0005-0000", "contents": "1957 Philippine Senate election, Results\nIncumbent Jose Zulueta left the Nacionalista Party for the People's (Veterans) Democratic Movement for Good Government; he lost the election. Two Nacionalistas also lost: Francisco Afan Delgado and Jose Locsin.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 40], "content_span": [41, 251]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075115-0000-0000", "contents": "1957 Philippine general election\nPresidential, legislative and local elections were held on November 12, 1957 in the Philippines. Incumbent President Carlos P. Garcia won his opportunity to get a full term as President of the Philippines after the death of President Ramon Magsaysay in a plane crash in March 1957. His running mate, Senator Jose Laurel, Jr. lost to Pampanga Representative Diosdado Macapagal. This was the first time in Philippine electoral history where a president was elected by a plurality and not majority, and in which the president and vice president came from different parties.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [32, 32], "content_span": [33, 603]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075116-0000-0000", "contents": "1957 Philippine presidential election\nThe 1957 Philippine presidential and vice presidential elections were held on November 12, 1957. Incumbent President Carlos P. Garcia won his opportunity for a full term as President of the Philippines after the death of President Ramon Magsaysay in a plane crash in March 1957. His running mate, Speaker Jose Laurel Jr., lost to Pampanga Representative Diosdado Macapagal. This was the first time in Philippine electoral history where a president was elected by a plurality rather than a majority, and in which the winning presidential and vice presidential candidates came from different parties.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [37, 37], "content_span": [38, 636]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075117-0000-0000", "contents": "1957 Pittsburg State Gorillas football team\nThe 1957 Pittsburg State Gorillas football team represented Pittsburg State University during the 1957 NAIA football season. The team won the NAIA championship.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 43], "section_span": [43, 43], "content_span": [44, 204]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075118-0000-0000", "contents": "1957 Pittsburgh Panthers football team\nThe 1957 Pittsburgh Panthers football team represented the University of Pittsburgh in the 1957 NCAA University Division football season. The team compiled a 4-6 record under head coach John Michelosen.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [38, 38], "content_span": [39, 241]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075119-0000-0000", "contents": "1957 Pittsburgh Pirates season\nThe 1957 Pittsburgh Pirates season was the 76th season of the Pittsburgh Pirates franchise; the 71st in the National League. The Pirates finished tied with the Chicago Cubs for eighth and last in the league standings with a record of 62\u201392.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [30, 30], "content_span": [31, 271]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075119-0001-0000", "contents": "1957 Pittsburgh Pirates season\nThe first season to be broadcast on television, the games were aired on KDKA-TV, making them the last of the original MLB teams to debut television broadcasts of its home and away games.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [30, 30], "content_span": [31, 217]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075119-0002-0000", "contents": "1957 Pittsburgh Pirates season, Regular season\nThe Pittsburgh Pirates played the Brooklyn Dodgers in the final game at Ebbets Field. The game was contested on September 24, 1957, and Brooklyn pitcher Danny McDevitt pitched a complete game. He had nine strikeouts while allowing just five hits.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 46], "content_span": [47, 293]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075119-0003-0000", "contents": "1957 Pittsburgh Pirates season, Player stats, Batting, Starters by position\nNote: Pos = Position; G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 75], "content_span": [76, 200]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075119-0004-0000", "contents": "1957 Pittsburgh Pirates season, Player stats, Batting, Other batters\nNote: G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 68], "content_span": [69, 177]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075119-0005-0000", "contents": "1957 Pittsburgh Pirates season, Player stats, Pitching, Starting pitchers\nNote: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 73], "content_span": [74, 184]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075119-0006-0000", "contents": "1957 Pittsburgh Pirates season, Player stats, Pitching, Other pitchers\nNote: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 70], "content_span": [71, 181]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075119-0007-0000", "contents": "1957 Pittsburgh Pirates season, Player stats, Pitching, Relief pitchers\nNote: G = Games pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; SV = Saves; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 71], "content_span": [72, 172]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075120-0000-0000", "contents": "1957 Pittsburgh Steelers season\nThe 1957 Pittsburgh Steelers season was the team's 25th season in the National Football League. For the first time, the Steelers' yellow helmets sported uniform numbers. Pittsburgh would use these uniforms through the 1961 season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [31, 31], "content_span": [32, 262]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075120-0001-0000", "contents": "1957 Pittsburgh Steelers season, Regular season, Standings\nNote: Tie games were not officially counted in the standings until 1972.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 58], "content_span": [59, 131]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075121-0000-0000", "contents": "1957 Pittsburgh mayoral election\nThe Mayoral election of 1957 in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania was held on Tuesday, November 5, 1957. The incumbent mayor, David Lawrence of the Democratic Party won an unprecedented fourth term. Lawrence defeated former Court of Common Pleas Judge John Drew. For the third straight election, the powerful mayor gained quiet support from the Republican business community for his urban renewal projects, which compromised the GOP candidate's position.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [32, 32], "content_span": [33, 478]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075122-0000-0000", "contents": "1957 Polish legislative election\nParliamentary elections were held in Poland on 20 January 1957. They were the second election to the Sejm \u2013 the unicameral parliament of the People's Republic of Poland, and the third ever in the history of Communist Poland. It took place during the liberalization period, following W\u0142adys\u0142aw Gomu\u0142ka's ascension to power. Although conducted in a more liberal atmosphere than previous elections, they were far from free. Voters had the option of voting against some official candidates; de facto having a small chance to express a vote of no confidence against the government and the ruling Communist Polish United Workers Party. However, as in all Communist countries, there was no opportunity to elect any true opposition members to the Sejm. The elections resulted in a predictable victory for the Front of National Unity, dominated by the PZPR.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [32, 32], "content_span": [33, 881]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075122-0001-0000", "contents": "1957 Polish legislative election\nWhile the elections were a clear victory for Gomu\u0142ka, they did not guarantee lasting changes in the Polish society. Gomu\u0142ka's rule was somewhat more humane than that of his predecessor, hardline Stalinist Boles\u0142aw Bierut, and enjoyed moderate support during the first few years after the election in the \"little stabilization\" period of 1957\u20131963. However, by the mid-1960s it faced opposition from the competing factions in the PZPR itself. Coupled with growing popular opposition to Communist rule, Gomu\u0142ka would be removed from power in the aftermath of the 1968 political crisis and the Polish 1970 protests.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [32, 32], "content_span": [33, 645]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075122-0002-0000", "contents": "1957 Polish legislative election\nThe previous elections in Poland were held in 1952. These were followed by the 1961 elections.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [32, 32], "content_span": [33, 127]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075122-0003-0000", "contents": "1957 Polish legislative election, Background\nThe elections were originally planned for December 1956 but due to significant political changes in the government, resulting from Gomu\u0142ka's ascension to power, they were delayed until early 1957. Among the various promises made by First Secretary Gomu\u0142ka, during the Polish October peaceful revolution, to the restless Polish population was that of free elections. He knew that this was a promise that he could not keep without seeing his party defeated.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 44], "content_span": [45, 500]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075122-0003-0001", "contents": "1957 Polish legislative election, Background\nIn the January 1957 elections the new 'democratic' aspect was the reintroduction of the secret ballot, and more importantly, there were more candidates than available seats in the parliament; in the 1952 elections the number of candidates equaled the number of seats in the Sejm. Another liberalizing factor was that unlike in previous elections, intimidation by the secret police (S\u0142u\u017cba Bezpiecze\u0144stwa) and the government against the opposition was limited.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 44], "content_span": [45, 504]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075122-0004-0000", "contents": "1957 Polish legislative election, Background\nThe candidates were divided into two groups - one officially supported by the party and the 'independents' (broadly following the communist party line but not declared members of the party). The latter would be only considered if over half of the registered voters in the district voted against the official candidates; otherwise all seats from the district (on average between 3 and 6) would be awarded to the official candidates.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 44], "content_span": [45, 476]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075122-0005-0000", "contents": "1957 Polish legislative election, Background\nOver 60,000 candidates were registered for the 459 seats in the Sejm. The government was not prepared to release its hold on power, so the candidates were screened and only 720 or 723 out of 60,000 were finally allowed to participate and be published on the official list by the Front of National Unity (Polish: Front Jedno\u015bci Narodu, FJN), the only organization allowed to put forth candidates in Polish elections. Factors such as the number of signatures in support of a candidate were deemed to be irrelevant.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 44], "content_span": [45, 557]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075122-0006-0000", "contents": "1957 Polish legislative election, Background\nAccording to an official government press agency dispatch, about half of the candidates (approx. 360) were PZPR members. A majority of the remainder belonged to PZPR allies (Democratic Party (SD), United People's Party (ZSL)). There was no opposition party in Poland since all political groupings had to support the program of the PZPR. As a result, no real opposition candidates were permitted to run in the elections, but in theory the Polish voters could have stripped the communists from their claimed legitimacy by abstaining from voting. Another means of preventing the PZPR from obtaining a political victory would have occurred if all of the PZPR candidates were struck out, leaving only 100 to be elected.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 44], "content_span": [45, 759]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075122-0007-0000", "contents": "1957 Polish legislative election, Background\nDespite the lack of genuine opposition, the liberalized election format allowed for various power struggles to be played out, primarily between the communist party candidates. A particularly notable case was the rivalry between certain candidates from the main communist party (PZPR) and one of the lesser communist parties (ZSL).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 44], "content_span": [45, 375]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075122-0008-0000", "contents": "1957 Polish legislative election, Background\nA day before the elections, Gomu\u0142ka appealed to Polish citizens not to vote against the Party's candidates, asserting that 'crossing them out would equal crossing Poland off the map of Europe' and would bring upon Poland the fate of Hungary. The fear of a possible Soviet intervention, in case of Gomu\u0142ka's loss, was also repeated by Radio Free Europe, which noted that Gomu\u0142ka's argument while \"cruel\", is likely \"entirely correct.\" Gomu\u0142ka also persuaded the Catholic Church to urge voters to go to the polls and declare a vote of confidence in the government. Supporting him, Cardinal Stefan Wyszy\u0144ski officially declared his support for the 'no crossing' policy.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 44], "content_span": [45, 711]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075122-0009-0000", "contents": "1957 Polish legislative election, Results\nThe Polish United Workers' Party (PZPR) won 237 (239 after by-elections) seats out of 459 while the remainder went its satellite parties (Democratic Party and United People's Party) and a few independents. PZPR 237 seats gave it 51.7% of total, ZSL with 120 (118 after by-elections) had 26.1%, the independents with 63 had 14% (non-party faction, 51, and Catholics from the Znak association, 12) and SD with 39 had 8.5%. The FJN alliance was victorious, with 80.8% of the seats.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 41], "content_span": [42, 520]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075122-0010-0000", "contents": "1957 Polish legislative election, Results\nOverall, the FJN alliance gained 8 seats compared to its 1952 results, but the independents nearly doubled their presence, from 37 to 63 (this is explained as the Sejm of 1957 had 459 seats, an increase of 34 from the 1952, which had only 425 seats). PZPR was the biggest loser, with 34 seats less than in 1952, ZSL gained 28, and SD, 14. However, as the other parties and \"independents\" were in fact subordinate to PZPR, its control of the Sejm was, in fact, total. The representational pattern in the Sejm would be nearly stable for the next 30 years, following a slight swing from the independents to PZPR in 1961.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 41], "content_span": [42, 659]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075122-0011-0000", "contents": "1957 Polish legislative election, Results\nAccording to official data, turnout was 94.14%, which are considered to be somewhat suspect considering heavy snowfalls and unfavorable weather conditions prevailing in Poland at the time, and 98.4% of votes were cast for official candidates. Approximately 10.6% of the voters disobeyed the calls for \"no crossing\", but in the end only one seat (in Nowy S\u0105cz) remained unfilled due to no candidate achieving absolute majority.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 41], "content_span": [42, 468]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075122-0012-0000", "contents": "1957 Polish legislative election, Results\nThe new Sejm had its first session on 20 February. Its senior marshal (speaker) was Boles\u0142aw Drobner; its Sejm marshal was Czes\u0142aw Wycech. Only 12% of the new deputies were members of the previous, 1952, Sejm.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 41], "content_span": [42, 251]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075122-0013-0000", "contents": "1957 Polish legislative election, Results\nTwo by-elections were held after the main election. The first took place on 17 March 1957 at Nowy S\u0105cz. The second took place at Wielu\u0144 on 5 May 1957 to replace the incumbent who died on February 5. Those by-elections were won by the PZPR and the ZSL respectively. Two more by-elections took place on October 19, 1958 in My\u015blenice and Ole\u015bnica. In those by-elections, ZSL lost the seats to PZPR.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 41], "content_span": [42, 437]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075122-0014-0000", "contents": "1957 Polish legislative election, Aftermath\nDespite Gomu\u0142ka's hopes, the elections, while victorious for him, did not mean the end of opposition to the communist rule. For a while, support for the Gomu\u0142ka-led communist party ran high. Reflecting this, the period 1957-1963 is known as \"little stabilization\". While his regime was much more liberal than the one he succeeded, this gave rise to an opposition within the PZPR party, as some communist politicians, like General Mieczys\u0142aw Moczar, saw Gomu\u0142ka as \"too soft.\" Meanwhile, dissension with the communist rule would grow, and the Polish 1970 protests, soon after the 1968 Polish political crisis, would eventually cause him to lose support with the PZPR party; suffering from nervous exhaustion, Gomu\u0142ka would be forced to resign and replaced by Edward Gierek.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 43], "content_span": [44, 816]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075122-0015-0000", "contents": "1957 Polish legislative election, Notes\na.   Staar (1958), Davies (2005) and majority of other sources report there were 459 seats. Diskin (2001:113) notes that in January 1957 there were 458 representatives. This illustrates the fact that one seat that did not get filled until the by-election held in 17 March 1957 at Nowy S\u0105cz. A few sources incorrectly report that there were 458 seats available in the election.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 39], "content_span": [40, 416]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075122-0016-0000", "contents": "1957 Polish legislative election, Notes\nb.   Staar (1958) reports results as cited by the Trybuna Ludu newspaper on January 27, 1957, and cites results of the February and March by-elections that year, as reported by Radio Warsaw in March and May that year. As his article was published in May 1958, his results thus cannot include the results of by-elections from October 1958. Michalski, Bardach and Ajnenkiel (1989) mention that two more by-elections occurred at that time, and Davies (2005) gives the results presumably corrected for by-elections results, indicating that two seats from ZSL went to PZPR.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 39], "content_span": [40, 608]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075123-0000-0000", "contents": "1957 Portuguese legislative election\nParliamentary elections were held in Portugal on 3 November 1957. The ruling National Union won all 120 seats.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [36, 36], "content_span": [37, 147]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075123-0001-0000", "contents": "1957 Portuguese legislative election, Electoral system\nThe elections were held using 21 multi-member constituencies and one single-member constituency covering the Azores, together electing a total of 120 members, 13 of which were from Portuguese colonies.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 54], "content_span": [55, 256]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075123-0002-0000", "contents": "1957 Portuguese legislative election, Electoral system\nVoters could delete names from the lists of candidates, but could not replace them. Suffrage was given to all men aged 21 or over as long as they were literate or paid over 100 escudos in taxation, and to women aged over 21 if they had completed secondary education, or if they were the head of a household and met the same literacy and tax criteria as men.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 54], "content_span": [55, 412]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075123-0003-0000", "contents": "1957 Portuguese legislative election, Campaign\nAlthough the majority of the opposition to the Estado Novo regime boycotted the election in protest at the lack of a free vote, a total of 34 opposition candidates attempted to register for the elections, 12 in Lisbon, 10 in Oporto, six in Aveiro and six in Braga. The Lisbon candidates were rejected as their application was a day late, whilst the Oporto and Aveiro candidates withdrew after failing to receive a guarantee that they could observe vote counting. Only the six candidates in Braga ultimately contested the election.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 46], "content_span": [47, 577]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075124-0000-0000", "contents": "1957 Portuguese legislative election in Angola\nElections to the Portuguese National Assembly were held in Angola in 1957 as part of the wider Portuguese elections.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 46], "section_span": [46, 46], "content_span": [47, 163]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075124-0001-0000", "contents": "1957 Portuguese legislative election in Angola, Electoral system\nThe franchise was restricted, with only 56,108 of the population of approximately 4,335,000 registered to vote.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 46], "section_span": [48, 64], "content_span": [65, 176]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075124-0002-0000", "contents": "1957 Portuguese legislative election in Angola, Results\nA total of 49,084 voters participated in the election, giving a voter turnout of 87.5%.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 46], "section_span": [48, 55], "content_span": [56, 143]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075125-0000-0000", "contents": "1957 Preakness Stakes\nThe 1957 Preakness Stakes was the 82nd running of the $120,000 Preakness Stakes thoroughbred horse race. The race took place on May 18, 1957, and was televised in the United States on the CBS television network. Bold Ruler, who was jockeyed by Eddie Arcaro, won the race by one and one half lengths over runner-up Iron Liege. Approximate post time was 5:48\u00a0p.m. Eastern Time. The race was run on a fast track in a final time of 1:561/5  The Maryland Jockey Club reported total attendance of 32,856, this is recorded as second highest on the list of American thoroughbred racing top attended events for North America in 1957.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [21, 21], "content_span": [22, 646]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075126-0000-0000", "contents": "1957 Primera Divisi\u00f3n de Chile\nThe 1957 Campeonato Nacional de F\u00fatbol Profesional, was the 25th season of top-flight football in Chile. Audax Italiano won their fourth title.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [30, 30], "content_span": [31, 174]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075127-0000-0000", "contents": "1957 Princeton Tigers football team\nThe 1957 Princeton Tigers football team was an American football team that represented Princeton University as a member of the Ivy League during the 1957 NCAA University Division football season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [35, 35], "content_span": [36, 231]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075127-0001-0000", "contents": "1957 Princeton Tigers football team\nIn their first year under head coach Dick Colman, the Tigers won the Ivy League championship, compiling an overall 7\u20132 record and outscoring opponents 206 to 95. John C. Sapoch Jr. was the team captain.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [35, 35], "content_span": [36, 238]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075127-0002-0000", "contents": "1957 Princeton Tigers football team\nPrinceton's 6\u20131 conference record was the best in the Ivy League. The Tigers outscored Ivy opponents 189 to 83.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [35, 35], "content_span": [36, 147]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075127-0003-0000", "contents": "1957 Princeton Tigers football team\nPrinceton played its home games at Palmer Stadium on the university campus in Princeton, New Jersey.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [35, 35], "content_span": [36, 136]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075128-0000-0000", "contents": "1957 Pro Bowl\nThe 1957 Pro Bowl was the NFL's seventh annual all-star game which featured the outstanding performers from the 1956 season. The game was played on January 13, 1957, at the Los Angeles Memorial Coliseum in Los Angeles, California in front of 44,177 fans. The West squad defeated the East by a score of 19\u201310.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 13], "section_span": [13, 13], "content_span": [14, 322]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075128-0001-0000", "contents": "1957 Pro Bowl\nThe West team was led by the Chicago Bears' Paddy Driscoll while Jim Lee Howell of the New York Giants coached the East squad. Baltimore Colts kicking specialist Bert Rechichar was selected as the outstanding player of the game while defensive tackle Ernie Stautner of the Pittsburgh Steelers was named the outstanding lineman.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 13], "section_span": [13, 13], "content_span": [14, 341]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075128-0002-0000", "contents": "1957 Pro Bowl\nEach player on the victorious West roster received $700, while the losing East players each took away $500.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 13], "section_span": [13, 13], "content_span": [14, 121]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075128-0003-0000", "contents": "1957 Pro Bowl\nAs of 2020, this was the last time the Pro Bowl was played without being televised.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 13], "section_span": [13, 13], "content_span": [14, 97]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075130-0000-0000", "contents": "1957 Punjab Legislative Assembly election\nElections to the second Punjab Legislative Assembly were held in 1957. 661 candidates contested for the 154 seats of the 121 constituencies in the Assembly. There were 21 two-member constituencies and 84 single-member constituencies.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 41], "section_span": [41, 41], "content_span": [42, 275]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075130-0001-0000", "contents": "1957 Punjab Legislative Assembly election, State Reorganization\nOn 1 November 1956, under States Reorganisation Act, 1956, Patiala & East Punjab States Union was merged with Punjab. Thus the assembly constituencies were increased from 105 with 126 seats in 1952 to 121 with 154 seats in 1957 elections.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 41], "section_span": [43, 63], "content_span": [64, 302]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075130-0002-0000", "contents": "1957 Punjab Legislative Assembly election, Constituencies\nAfter the States Reorganisation Act, 1956, the assembly constituencies were increased from 105 with 126 seats in 1952 to 121 with 154 seats in 1957 elections. 88 constituencies were single member constituencies while 33 were two-member constituencies. Out of 121 constituencies, 33 were reserved for Scheduled Tribes. There were 52,44,907 electors in single member constituencies, while 3,96,40,19 in two-member constituencies. Total 661 candidates were in fray for these 154 seats.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 41], "section_span": [43, 57], "content_span": [58, 540]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075130-0003-0000", "contents": "1957 Punjab Legislative Assembly election, Political Parties\nFour national parties, Communist Party of India, Congress, Praja Socialist Party and Bharatiya Jana Sangha along with the state party Scheduled Caste Federation took part in the assembly election. Congress was the clear winner in the elections winning 77.92% of the total seats (i.~e. 120 seats) with a vote share of 47.51%. Partap Singh Kairon from the Congress party became the Chief Minister again.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 41], "section_span": [43, 60], "content_span": [61, 462]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075131-0000-0000", "contents": "1957 Purdue Boilermakers football team\nThe 1957 Purdue Boilermakers football team was an American football team that represented Purdue University during the 1957 Big Ten Conference football season. In their second season under head coach Jack Mollenkopf, the Boilermakers compiled a 5\u20134 record, finished in a tie for fourth place in the Big Ten Conference with a 4\u20133 record against conference opponents, and outscored all opponents by a combined total of 178 to 114.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [38, 38], "content_span": [39, 467]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075131-0001-0000", "contents": "1957 Purdue Boilermakers football team\nNotable players included quarterbacks Bob Spoo and Ross Fichtner and tackle Nick Mumley.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [38, 38], "content_span": [39, 127]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075132-0000-0000", "contents": "1957 Queensland state election\nElections were held in the Australian state of Queensland on 3 August 1957 to elect the 75 members of the state's Legislative Assembly. The major parties contesting the election were the Queensland Labor Party led by Premier Vince Gair, the Labor Party led by former Deputy Premier Jack Duggan, and the Country-Liberal coalition led by Frank Nicklin.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [30, 30], "content_span": [31, 381]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075132-0001-0000", "contents": "1957 Queensland state election\nThe elections, only 15 months into the parliamentary term, were made necessary by the collapse of the nine-term Labor government. Gair had formed the Queensland Labor Party after being expelled from the Labor Party, and attempted to stay in power as a minority government. However, a request for supply was denied on 12 June, forcing the election. The Country-Liberal Coalition won a decisive victory, taking 42 seats against only 31 for the two Labor factions combined.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [30, 30], "content_span": [31, 501]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075132-0002-0000", "contents": "1957 Queensland state election, Background\nOn 18 April 1957, the Queensland Central Executive of the Labor Party passed a vote of no confidence in Premier Gair, and on 24 April, despite having gained a unanimous vote of support from the Cabinet, he was expelled from the Labor Party. On 26 April, Gair and 25 MLAs met and formed the Queensland Labor Party (QLP) with those present, with Gair as leader. Those at the meeting included all of the Cabinet except Deputy Premier Jack Duggan and two ex-Labor Independents. All these were also expelled from the party. Duggan resigned from the ministry on 29 April and succeeded Gair as leader of the Labor Party, which commanded the support of 22 MLAs.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 42], "content_span": [43, 696]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075132-0003-0000", "contents": "1957 Queensland state election, Background\nGair almost immediately began talks with Nicklin for confidence and supply support in the legislature. However, Nicklin broke them off on the advice of federal Country Party leader Arthur Fadden, who believed the ructions in Labor gave Nicklin a chance to become Premier himself, ending 22 years in opposition. On 12 June 1957, Lieutenant Governor and Chief Justice of Queensland Alan Mansfield (Governor John Lavarack was indisposed) ordered Parliament to reassemble. Shortly after 10:30 pm that night, Treasurer Ted Walsh moved that supply be granted to the Gair QLP government. The motion was defeated after the ALP and Coalition rose to vote against it, bringing the Gair government down. Gair immediately asked for new elections, which were called for 3 August.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 42], "content_span": [43, 809]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075132-0004-0000", "contents": "1957 Queensland state election, Campaign\nOn 1 July, Frank Nicklin delivered the Country Party's policy speech at Maroochydore, while Kenneth Morris delivered the Liberal Party's policy speech in Brisbane. The two coalition partners declared to the electorate that only they could deliver unity and effective government, an acceleration of development and civil rights, as well as court supervision of union ballots to limit strike action.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 40], "content_span": [41, 438]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075132-0005-0000", "contents": "1957 Queensland state election, Campaign\nOn 4 July, Jack Duggan, the Labor leader, announced Labor's campaign slogan, \"A fair go for all\", and promised three weeks' annual leave (the issue over which Premier Vince Gair and the party executive had split) would be implemented if his party was elected. On 8 July, Gair, the incumbent Premier representing the Queensland Labor Party (QLP), spent half his speech talking about the dispute that had led to the split, promised an attack upon Communism and a continuance of the previous government's development platform.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 40], "content_span": [41, 564]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075132-0006-0000", "contents": "1957 Queensland state election, Campaign\nNominations closed on 12 July, with a record total of 219 candidates. Four seats were uncontested, but many seats had both Labor and QLP contestants. Some contests became particularly bitter as the Labor Party accused their QLP opponents of sectarianism and alleged direct interference by ministers of the Catholic Church, despite Archbishop James Duhig's refusal to get involved. The campaigns were strongest in the leaders' and deputy leaders' own seats.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 40], "content_span": [41, 497]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075132-0007-0000", "contents": "1957 Queensland state election, Campaign\nPoliticians from around Australia, in particular from the Labor Party, came to Queensland during the campaign, including the federal opposition leader, Dr H. V. Evatt, Arthur Calwell, Clyde Cameron and former Victorian premier John Cain, who died of a stroke on 9 August after giving a speech in Townsville.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 40], "content_span": [41, 348]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075132-0008-0000", "contents": "1957 Queensland state election, Results\nWhen the writs were dropped, the Labor forces were in a precarious position. Every ALP MP faced a QLP challenger, and every QLP MP faced an ALP challenger. This created dozens of three-cornered contests, and the first-past-the-post system left them without the option of directing preferences to each other even if they wanted to do so.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 39], "content_span": [40, 376]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075132-0009-0000", "contents": "1957 Queensland state election, Results\nThe Coalition actually suffered a swing of 1.2 percent against it. However, the ructions in Labor allowed the Coalition to win a number of three-cornered contests, assuring a comfortable majority for Nicklin, with 42 seats against only 31 for the two Labor factions combined. The ALP lost both Duggan and deputy leader Felix Dittmer, whose seats were won by Liberal candidates. The QLP lost 14 seats (two of them to the ALP), but seven of the ten ministers retained their seats. This began what would be 32 years of non-Labor government in Queensland.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 39], "content_span": [40, 591]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075132-0010-0000", "contents": "1957 Queensland state election, Results\nQueensland state election, 3 August 1957Legislative Assembly << 1956\u20131960 >>", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 39], "content_span": [40, 116]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075132-0011-0000", "contents": "1957 Queensland state election, Seats changing party representation\nThis table lists changes in party representation at the 1957 election.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 67], "content_span": [68, 138]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075132-0012-0000", "contents": "1957 Queensland state election, Seats changing party representation, Party changes before election\nThe following seats changed party representation before the election due to the split of the ALP.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 98], "content_span": [99, 196]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075132-0013-0000", "contents": "1957 Queensland state election, Aftermath\nThe Country Party's win in this election proved to be one of the major turning points in Queensland politics; they remained in power continuously until the 1989 state election.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 41], "content_span": [42, 218]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075132-0014-0000", "contents": "1957 Queensland state election, Aftermath\nThe ALP elected Les Wood as party leader and Eric Lloyd as deputy leader; neither had previously served in a ministry. Wood, the member for North Toowoomba, died in office on 29 March 1958, and Duggan returned as both a member of Parliament and leader of the party at the by-election on 31 May. Dittmer, meanwhile, was elected to the Australian Senate.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 41], "content_span": [42, 394]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075132-0015-0000", "contents": "1957 Queensland state election, Aftermath\nFormer Prime Minister Frank Forde, who lost his seat of Flinders by one vote, alleged the wrongful disallowance of some votes and successfully lodged a petition against his opponent's return at the Court of Disputed Returns; however he lost the resulting by-election.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 41], "content_span": [42, 309]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075133-0000-0000", "contents": "1957 Railway Cup Hurling Championship\nThe 1957 Railway Cup Hurling Championship was the 31st series of the inter-provincial hurling Railway Cup. Four matches were played between 17 February 1957 and 17 March 1957 to decide the title. It was contested by Connacht, Leinster, Munster and Ulster.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [37, 37], "content_span": [38, 293]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075133-0001-0000", "contents": "1957 Railway Cup Hurling Championship\nOn 17 March 1957, Munster won the Railway Cup after a 5-07 to 2-05 defeat of Leinster in the final at Croke Park, Dublin. It was their 23rd Railway Cup title overall and their first Railway Cup title since 1955.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [37, 37], "content_span": [38, 249]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075133-0002-0000", "contents": "1957 Railway Cup Hurling Championship\nMunster's Christy Ring was the Railway Cup top scorer with 5-10.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [37, 37], "content_span": [38, 102]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075134-0000-0000", "contents": "1957 Rajasthan Legislative Assembly election\nElections to the second Rajasthan Legislative Assembly were held in 1957.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [44, 44], "content_span": [45, 118]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075134-0001-0000", "contents": "1957 Rajasthan Legislative Assembly election, State Reorganization\nOn 1 November 1956, under States Reorganisation Act, 1956, the Ajmer State, the Abu Road taluka of the Banaskantha district of Bombay State, the Sunel enclave of the Mandsaur district and the Lohara sub-tehsil of the Hissar district of the Punjab was merged with Rajasthan while the Sironj sub-division of the Kota district of Rajasthan was transferred to Madhya Pradesh. This resulted in the change in assembly constituencies from 140 with 160 seats to 136 with 176 seats in 1957 assembly elections.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [46, 66], "content_span": [67, 567]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075134-0002-0000", "contents": "1957 Rajasthan Legislative Assembly election, Constituencies\nDue to States Reorganisation Act 1956, Rajasthan assembly constituencies changed from 140 with 160 seats to 136 with 176 seats. 96 of them were single member constituencies while the number of double member constituencies was 40. 28 of the double member constituencies were reserved for Scheduled Caste while 4 of the single member and 12 of the double member constituencies (total 16 constituencies) were reserved for Schedule Tribe. There were 48,43,841 electors in single member constituencies, while 38,92,288 were in double member constituencies. Total 737 candidates contested for the 176 seats of the 136 constituencies in the Assembly. Poll percentage in the 1957 election was 38.45%.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [46, 60], "content_span": [61, 753]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075134-0003-0000", "contents": "1957 Rajasthan Legislative Assembly election, Political Parties\nFour national parties, Communist Party of India, Indian National Congress, Praja Socialist Party and Bharatiya Jana Sangha along with the state party Akhil Bharatiya Ram Rajya Parishad took part in the assembly election. Congress was the clear winner in the elections winning 67.61% of the total seats (i.~e. 119/176 seats) with a vote share of 45.13%. Mohan Lal Sukhadia from the Congress party became the Chief Minister again.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [46, 63], "content_span": [64, 492]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075135-0000-0000", "contents": "1957 Ramnad riots\nThe Ramnad riots or the Mudukulathur riots were a series of violent clashes that occurred between July and September 1957 in the Ramnad district and in southern Tamil Nadu, India. The violence was between Thevars supporting the Forward Bloc, and pro-Congress Dalit Pallars, and was triggered by a by-election held in the aftermath of the Madras Legislative Assembly elections of earlier that year. 42 Dalits were killed during the riots.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [17, 17], "content_span": [18, 455]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075135-0001-0000", "contents": "1957 Ramnad riots, Background, Treatment of Dalits\nRamanathapuram district was deemed to be infamous for its brutal caste-based discrimination during the colonial era of the 1930's. Dalits were denied any type of symbols linked with superior social position. In his book, J. H. Hutton, the then Census Commissioner, explained the eight restrictions enforced on Dalits by Upper castes, including a ban on the use of jewelry, ornaments and education. This system was subsequently re-established with a stricter collection of 11 restrictions.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 50], "content_span": [51, 539]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075135-0002-0000", "contents": "1957 Ramnad riots, Background, Rise of Dalits\nIn the 1930s, with the support of Christian missionaries, Dalits became educated and economically strengthened. Migration and religious conversion to a certain degree, allowed them to gain access to jobs and education and thus they started to assert themselves. But at the other side, the Thevars stayed disadvantaged in education and, as reported in the Government Order in 1957, they were unable to \"align themselves with the present democratic reality and could not accept that the feudal system was rapidly disappearing.\"", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 45], "content_span": [46, 571]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075135-0003-0000", "contents": "1957 Ramnad riots, Background, Rise of Dalits\nDue to the rise of Immanuel Sekaran, there was a huge change in society in the form of resistance to caste exploitation by low caste and Dalit workers, particularly in the southern districts as well as from left-wing movements in the Thanjavur district. This led to increased awareness amongst Dalits, who used the opportunities available in the government through the policy of reservations. The Social Scientist M. S. S. Pandian described that migrating to greener pastures and later returning to their villages and investing in agriculture enhanced their financial base, which ultimately led to Dalits, starting to assert themselves.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 45], "content_span": [46, 682]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075135-0004-0000", "contents": "1957 Ramnad riots, Background, Elections\nThe Congress Reform Committee (CRC) was formed one month before the 1957 elections to the Lok Sabha and the Madras Legislative Assembly, and soon began cooperation with the All India Forward Bloc (AIFB) of U. Muthuramalingam Thevar. The CRC-AIFB combined contested 59 seats in the assembly election, 54 candidates from CRC, and five candidates from AIFB. There was also an informal agreement with the Communist Party of India, which did not oppose the CRC.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 40], "content_span": [41, 497]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075135-0005-0000", "contents": "1957 Ramnad riots, Background, Elections\nIn the 1957 general elections, U. Muthuramalingam Thevar had contested both the Srivilliputhur parliamentary seat and the Mudukulathur seat in the Madras legislative assembly. He won both, defeating the Congress candidates. The combined CRC-AIFB formulated a 12-point election manifesto and emerged as the major opposition alliance in these elections, but could not defeat the Congress government. CRC won 14 seats and AIFB won three. Half of the seats won were from the Ramnad and Madurai districts.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 40], "content_span": [41, 541]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075135-0005-0001", "contents": "1957 Ramnad riots, Background, Elections\nFollowing the election, a joint 'CRC opposition' group was formed in the legislative assembly, to counter the bid of the Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam (which had 16 seats) to hold the post of Leader of the Opposition. Soon five independent assembly members joined the CRC opposition group, and V.K. Ramaswamy Mudaliar was elected leader. After the election, Thevar chose to retain his parliamentary seat, and a by-election was called for the Mudukulathur assembly constituency.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 40], "content_span": [41, 514]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075135-0006-0000", "contents": "1957 Ramnad riots, Background, Elections\nThe by-election was held on 1 July, and when the results were released on 4 July, the situation in the area grew tense. The Forward Bloc candidate T.L. Sasivarna Thevar won the election. Gradually, incidents of violent clashes between Thevars (who generally supported the Forward Bloc) and pro-Congress Devendrakula Velalar began to occur. Initially these clashes were limited to a handful of villages, but after some time the violence spread throughout the constituency. In order to offer sacrifices to the Badrakali temple, the Maravars kidnapped 9 Dalit men from the Katamangalam village and took them.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 40], "content_span": [41, 646]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075135-0007-0000", "contents": "1957 Ramnad riots, Events during the riots\nA 'peace conference' was held on 10 September, attended by U. Muthuramalinga Thevar (who had returned day before from Delhi), T.L. Sasivarna Thevar and Velu Kudumbar from the Forward Bloc party, a delegation of six representatives from Devendrakula Velalar from the Congress party and Veluchamy Nadar and Soundara Pandian of Kamuthi (a representative from the Nadar caste). The conference was convened by the Ramnad district collector. The peace meeting was held in a nearby village called Mudukulathur. Initially all delegates, including Immanuvel Sekaran and the district collector, appealed to Thevar to campaign for peace in all riot affected areas but Veluchamy Nadar did not agree. The conference delegates finally decided to give statements independently.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 42], "content_span": [43, 805]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075135-0008-0000", "contents": "1957 Ramnad riots, Events during the riots\nOn 11 September, Emmanuel Sekaran, a member of the Congress delegation at the peace conference, was murdered in Paramakudi by Maravars.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 42], "content_span": [43, 178]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075135-0009-0000", "contents": "1957 Ramnad riots, Events during the riots\nOn 13 September, clashes erupted at Arumkulam. Five Devendrakula Velalar and three Thevars were killed, and their bodies were thrown into a fire. Two of the Thevars and one of the Devendrakula Velalar were women.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 42], "content_span": [43, 255]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075135-0010-0000", "contents": "1957 Ramnad riots, Events during the riots\nOn 14 September, a group of armed police entered the village of Keelathooval in order to arrest suspects in the Emmanuel Sekaran murder case. Five Thevars were killed in police gunfire. According to Forward Bloc sources, the five were blindfolded and executed. A police inquiry commission later refuted that claim.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 42], "content_span": [43, 357]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075135-0011-0000", "contents": "1957 Ramnad riots, Events during the riots\nOn 16 September, clashes erupted in villages including Veerambal, Arumbakkan, Irulandapatti and Sandakottai. In the two latter places sixteen Devendrakula Velalar, including one woman, were killed by Kallars. On the same day, the Thevar village of Ilanchambol was attacked by a Devendrakula Velalar mob; the village had been deserted by the police two days earlier. Two Thevars were killed in the attack. The attack was interrupted as Thevars from the neighbouring village of Keelapanayur arrived, driving off the pallar and killing four people.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 42], "content_span": [43, 588]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075135-0012-0000", "contents": "1957 Ramnad riots, Events during the riots\nOn 17 September, police opened fire on Forward Bloc cadres in the village of Keeranthai. Five of those killed was Thevars and one was a Devendrakula Velalar. On 18 September, Devendrakula Velalar houses were torched in Thandikudi. On 19 September, hundreds of houses, belonging to both Thevars and Devendrakula Velalar, were torched in the villages of Piramanur, Vadi, Tiruppuvanam, Nallur and Tiruppachatti. On the following day police opened fire on a Thevar mob, but with no casualties.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 42], "content_span": [43, 532]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075135-0013-0000", "contents": "1957 Ramnad riots, Events during the riots\nOn 20 September, police gunfire killed five thevars, four in Uluthumadi and one in Malavavanenthall. In Veerambal, Kallar and Maravar stormed a church where a group of Devendrakula Velalar had sought refuge. Two Devendrakula Velalar were killed and a further 32 were injured. On 21 September, more clashes occurred, but from the following day onward there were no reported incidents.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 42], "content_span": [43, 426]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075135-0014-0000", "contents": "1957 Ramnad riots, Events during the riots\nOn 28\u201329 September 1957, CRC held a state conference and reconstituted itself as the Indian National Democratic Congress. U. Muthuralinga Thevar, one of the inaugural speakers of the event, was arrested just after having delivered his speech. Later, a court in Pudukottai acquitted Thevar of all charges. The Judge who handled the case called Muthuramalinga 'a lookalike of Vallalar'.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 42], "content_span": [43, 427]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075136-0000-0000", "contents": "1957 Rebel 300\nThe 1957 Rebel 300 was a NASCAR Convertible Series race in Darlington, South Carolina on May 12, 1957. While the Rebel 300 was originally a convertible race, it eventually became absorbed into what is now known as the NASCAR Cup Series. From a lineal historical standpoint, this race is the first in the lineal history of the current Darlington Cup race since 2005, the Southern 500.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [14, 14], "content_span": [15, 398]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075136-0001-0000", "contents": "1957 Rebel 300\nThe race's name references the Confederate Memorial Day weekend of the race, which was held on the Saturday closest to Confederate Memorial Day from 1957 until 1965, and again from 1967 until 1969, and again from 2005 until 2013. After a Saturday rainout, track president Bob Colvin decided to race on the next clear day, in violation of South Carolina blue laws (the Southern 500 was held on Monday until 1984). Colvin was fined $58 for the violation by Sheriff Grover Bryant ($534 when adjusted for inflation). Tickets for this event sold from anywhere from $5 USD ($46 when adjusted for inflation) to $8 USD ($74 when adjusted for inflation). The 1957 Rebel 300 was also the first NASCAR convertible race to be run on a Sunday and on Mother's Day.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [14, 14], "content_span": [15, 765]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075136-0002-0000", "contents": "1957 Rebel 300, Race report\nAmong the cars that failed to qualify for this race included Cup Series race winners Darel Dieringer, Neil Castles, Tiny Lund and Ralph Moody. While Curtis Turner and Marvin Panch dominated the early portion of the race, a series of crashes would knock most of the 27-car grid out of the race. Most of the field would be driving vehicles from either Ford or Plymouth. The 29th lap was marred by a nine-car wreck. All the drivers were born in the United States of America. Ken Rush was the last-place finisher. In the end, the race was between Joe Weatherly, Fireball Roberts and Bobby Myers.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [16, 27], "content_span": [28, 619]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075136-0003-0000", "contents": "1957 Rebel 300, Race report\nFireball Roberts would ultimately beat Tim Flock by two laps in front of 17,000 people. The time of the race was 2:47 with no caution laps. Lap 95 was the only time that Roberts didn't lead the race because of a pit stop. Art Binkley, Dick Beaty and Possum Jones would be the most notable drivers in the lap 29 crashes. Beaty was later known as a NASCAR official and Bobby Myers' son Danny became a well-known mechanic in NASCAR, as a member of Richard Childress Racing's \"Flying Aces\" pit crew.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [16, 27], "content_span": [28, 523]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075136-0004-0000", "contents": "1957 Rebel 300, Race report\nThere was a red flag on lap 30 for 50 minutes for cleanup the track. Jim Paschal #75 blew a tire and started the big nine-car acccident. Buck Baker relieved Bob Welborn on the 85th lap, Curtis Turner relieved Roger Baldwin on the 30th lap, Tiny Lund relieved Whitey Norman on the 30th lap, Jim Paschal relieved Ken Rush on the 1st lap, and Fonty Flock relieved Glen Wood on the 1st lap.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [16, 27], "content_span": [28, 414]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075136-0005-0000", "contents": "1957 Rebel 300, Race report\nThe concept of racing convertibles in NASCAR would last throughout the rest of the 1950s and into the year 1962 where the final Rebel 300 was raced before the regular Grand National cars took over in 1963. Cost-cutting measures ultimately became the reason behind the demise of the NASCAR Convertible Division.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [16, 27], "content_span": [28, 338]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075136-0006-0000", "contents": "1957 Rebel 300, Race report\nThe Rebel 300 format was changed to a twin 150-mile race for the Grand National cars in 1963, with a switch to a single race of 400 miles in 1964, 500 miles in 1974, and 400 miles in 1994. From 2005 until 2013, the Rebel 500 ran on the traditional Mother's Day / Confederate Memorial Day weekend date of the first Rebel, with the 2007 race -- 50 years since the first Rebel 300 being rained out and racing on the Sunday itself. In 2014, the Rebel was held in April, and moved back to September in 2015.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [16, 27], "content_span": [28, 530]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075137-0000-0000", "contents": "1957 Reims Grand Prix\nThe XXIII (23rd) Reims Grand Prix (also known as the II Grand Prix de Reims), was a non-championship Formula One motor race, held on July 14, 1957, at the Reims-Gueux circuit, near Reims in France. The race was run over 61 laps on an 8.302\u00a0km circuit of public roads and was won by Italian driver Luigi Musso in a Lancia-Ferrari D50. The race weekend suffered the deaths of Bill Whitehouse and Herbert MacKay-Fraser in separate accidents during the 1st Coupe de Vitesse Formula 2 support race.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [21, 21], "content_span": [22, 515]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075137-0001-0000", "contents": "1957 Reims Grand Prix\nThe Grand Prix de Reims (commonly known as the Reims Grand Prix) has its roots in the pre WW2 Grand Prix de la Marne GP racing series, also known as the Marne Grand Prix (1925-1937). The first \"Grand Prix de Reims\" (official name: XVI Grand Prix de Reims) was the first major Grand Prix motor race held at Reims-Gueux after WW2.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [21, 21], "content_span": [22, 350]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075137-0001-0001", "contents": "1957 Reims Grand Prix\nPost war political and financial re-organization moved the nationally sanctioned Grand Prix de France (Grand Prix de l'ACF) to the circuit Rouen les Essarts and renamed the old Marne GP to Grand Prix de Reims, officially billed as the XVI Grand Prix de Reims (based on the GP de Marne year sequence).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [21, 21], "content_span": [22, 322]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075138-0000-0000", "contents": "1957 Rhode Island Rams football team\nThe 1957 Rhode Island Rams football team was an American football team that represented the University of Rhode Island as a member of the Yankee Conference during the 1957 NCAA College Division football season. In its second season under head coach Herb Maack, the team compiled a 5\u20132\u20131 record (3\u20130\u20131 against conference opponents), tied with Connecticut for the Yankee Conference championship, and outscored opponents by a total of 131 to 82. The team played its home games at Meade Stadium in Kingston, Rhode Island.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [36, 36], "content_span": [37, 554]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075139-0000-0000", "contents": "1957 Rice Owls football team\nThe 1957 Rice Owls football team represented Rice University during the 1957 NCAA University Division football season. The Owls were led by 18th-year head coach Jess Neely and played their home games at Rice Stadium in Houston, Texas. They competed as members of the Southwest Conference, winning the conference with a conference record of 5\u20131. After two consecutive losing seasons in 1955 and 1956, Rice bounced back to finish the 1957 regular season with a record of 7\u20133. They won the last four games of the regular season, including a victory over the undefeated and number one-ranked Texas A&M Aggies. The Owls were ranked eighth in the final AP Poll and seventh in the final Coaches Poll, which were conducted before bowl season. Rice was invited to the 1958 Cotton Bowl Classic, held on New Years' Day, where they were defeated by fifth-ranked Navy.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [28, 28], "content_span": [29, 884]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075140-0000-0000", "contents": "1957 Richmond by-election\nA by-election was held for the Australian House of Representatives seat of Richmond on 14 September 1957. This was triggered by the sudden death of Country Party MP Larry Anthony.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [25, 25], "content_span": [26, 205]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075140-0001-0000", "contents": "1957 Richmond by-election\nThe by-election was won by Anthony's son Doug, also running for the Country Party, who prevailed over a six-candidate field that included four endorsed Country Party members.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [25, 25], "content_span": [26, 200]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075141-0000-0000", "contents": "1957 Romanian legislative election\nParliamentary elections were held in Romania on 3 February 1957. Voters were presented with a single slate of candidates from the People's Democratic Front, which was dominated by the Romanian Workers Party. The Front won all 437 seats in the Great National Assembly.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [34, 34], "content_span": [35, 302]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075141-0001-0000", "contents": "1957 Romanian legislative election, Electoral system\nCandidates were elected in single member constituencies, and had to receive over 50% of the vote. If no candidate passed this threshold, or if voter turnout in the constituency was less than 50%, re-runs were held until the requirements were met. Candidates could be nominated by the People's Democratic Front or mass organisations, although the latter were monitored by the Front. Voters had the option of voting against the Front candidates.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [36, 52], "content_span": [53, 496]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075142-0000-0000", "contents": "1957 Rose Bowl\nThe 1957 Rose Bowl was the 43rd edition of the college football bowl game, played at the Rose Bowl in Pasadena, California, on Tuesday, January 1. The third-ranked Iowa Hawkeyes of the Big Ten Conference defeated the #10 Oregon State Beavers of the Pacific Coast Conference by a score of 35\u201319, in a rematch of a regular season contest in early October at Iowa City, where the home team rallied to win, 14\u201313.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [14, 14], "content_span": [15, 424]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075142-0001-0000", "contents": "1957 Rose Bowl\nIowa quarterback Ken Ploen was named the  Player of the Game.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [14, 14], "content_span": [15, 76]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075142-0002-0000", "contents": "1957 Rose Bowl\nThis was the first trip to Pasadena for both teams: it was Iowa's first bowl appearance and Oregon State's second. The Beavers won the Rose Bowl fifteen years earlier in January 1942, which was moved to Durham, North Carolina.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [14, 14], "content_span": [15, 241]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075142-0003-0000", "contents": "1957 Rose Bowl, Game summary\nPloen completed nine of ten passes and rushed for 59 yards, including a 49-yard run for Iowa's first score. Collins Hagler scored twice for the Hawkeyes, the second on a 66-yard run. For Oregon State, Joe Francis ran for 73 yards and was ten of twelve passing for 73 yards and a touchdown. The Beavers were hurt by three fumbles, two in the first seven minutes, and both led to Iowa touchdowns. The Hawkeyes led 21\u20136 at halftime and were up by 23 points early in the fourth quarter. OSC closed the margin to sixteen points with under ten minutes remaining, but that was the last of the scoring and Iowa won 35\u201319.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [16, 28], "content_span": [29, 642]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075143-0000-0000", "contents": "1957 Round Australia Trial (Ampol)\nThe 1957 Round Australia Trial, officially the Ampol Trial was the sixth running of the Round Australia Trial. The rally took place between 7 and 21 July 1957. The event covered 9,660 kilometres around Australia. It was won by Jack Witter and Doug Stewart, driving a Volkswagen 1200.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [34, 34], "content_span": [35, 318]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075144-0000-0000", "contents": "1957 Round Australia Trial (Mobilgas)\nThe 1957 Round Australia Trial, officially the Mobilgas Rally was the seventh running of the Round Australia Trial. The rally took place between 21 August and 8 September 1957. The event covered 14,480 kilometres around Australia. It was won by Laurie Whitehead and Kevin Young, driving a Volkswagen 1200.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [37, 37], "content_span": [38, 343]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075145-0000-0000", "contents": "1957 Rugby League World Cup\nThe second Rugby League World Cup was held in Australia in 1957. As before a group stage was held first, with matches being held at locations in Sydney and Brisbane.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [27, 27], "content_span": [28, 193]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075145-0001-0000", "contents": "1957 Rugby League World Cup\nThe 1957 World Cup marked the 50th anniversary of rugby league in Australia but the hosts were not confident of their ability to lift the trophy, having capitulated in the Ashes series in England barely seven months previously. Great Britain, under Alan Prescott, and boasting world-class backs such as Billy Boston, Mick Sullivan, Jeff Stevenson and Lewis Jones, and a formidable pack, were expected to win with Jacques Merquey's French side a dark horse.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [27, 27], "content_span": [28, 484]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075145-0002-0000", "contents": "1957 Rugby League World Cup\nIn the end Australia were dominant, winning all matches and were declared the champions by virtue of finishing top of the group \u2013 there was no World Cup Final. Best and fairest awards were made to individual nations, the recipients being Gilbert Benausse (France), Brian Carlson (Australia), Phil Jackson (Great Britain) and Bill Sorensen (New Zealand).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [27, 27], "content_span": [28, 381]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075145-0003-0000", "contents": "1957 Rugby League World Cup, Referees\nReferee Vic Belsham from New Zealand controlled three matches at the World Cup, including controlling one of New Zealand's matches. New Zealand included his brother Sel at halfback.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 37], "content_span": [38, 219]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075146-0000-0000", "contents": "1957 Rugby League World Cup squads\nThis page list all the four squads which took part to the 1957 Rugby League World Cup.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [34, 34], "content_span": [35, 121]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075146-0001-0000", "contents": "1957 Rugby League World Cup squads, Team Photos\nThe Rugby League News published team photos of each country: , ,  and", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [36, 47], "content_span": [48, 117]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075146-0002-0000", "contents": "1957 Rugby League World Cup squads, Australia\nDick Poole was appointed Captain/Coach of the Australian team. Norman 'Latchem' Robinson was team manager. The squad was selected from four interstate matches played on May 22, 25, June  and , all of which were comfortably won by New South Wales (margins of 38, 17, 64 and 33). A second trial match was played on June 8, between  teams, from which Barnes, McCaffery and Schofield were selected in Australia's World Cup squad. Carlson, Davies, Watson and the unused Tyquin were selected from Queensland clubs. Hawick and Schofield were selected from clubs in New South Wales Country areas. The balance of the squad were playing for Sydney-based clubs during the 1957 season. Brian Carlson's contract as captain-coach of Blackall was terminated by that club due to his decision to participate in the World Cup tournament.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [36, 45], "content_span": [46, 865]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075146-0003-0000", "contents": "1957 Rugby League World Cup squads, France\nThe French team was coached by Jean Duhau and Ren\u00e9 Duffort and managed by Antoine Blain.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [36, 42], "content_span": [43, 131]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075146-0004-0000", "contents": "1957 Rugby League World Cup squads, France\nThe Rugby League News included team lists for the matches against  and .", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [36, 42], "content_span": [43, 115]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075146-0005-0000", "contents": "1957 Rugby League World Cup squads, France\nAt the conclusion of the tournament France played a match against Southern New South Wales in Wagga. They subsequently played a three match series against Great Britain in South Africa.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [36, 42], "content_span": [43, 228]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075146-0006-0000", "contents": "1957 Rugby League World Cup squads, Great Britain\nThe team was managed by Bill Fallowfield and Hector Elsworth Rawson, but no coach was appointed. The tean was captained by Alan Prescott, with Phil Jackson as vice-captain.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [36, 49], "content_span": [50, 222]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075146-0007-0000", "contents": "1957 Rugby League World Cup squads, Great Britain\nThe Rugby League News published details of the touring team including each player's occupation, age, height and weight. The same Sydney-based match-day program publication included team lists for the matches against  and . English representative Phil Jackson was born in Canada. Boston, Harris, Jones, Moses and Price were representatives from Wales, and Tom McKinney from Northern Ireland. Prior to the commencment of the tournament, Great Britain played a match against Western Australia in Perth.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [36, 49], "content_span": [50, 549]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075146-0008-0000", "contents": "1957 Rugby League World Cup squads, Great Britain\nThe following player was selected in the squad but did not play in the tournament.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [36, 49], "content_span": [50, 132]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075146-0009-0000", "contents": "1957 Rugby League World Cup squads, New Zealand\nThe team was coached by Bill Telford (Auckland), with Keith Blow (Canterbury) as manager.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [36, 47], "content_span": [48, 137]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075146-0010-0000", "contents": "1957 Rugby League World Cup squads, New Zealand\nThe Rugby League News published details of the touring team including each player's occupation, age, height and weight. The same publication included team lists for the match against .", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [36, 47], "content_span": [48, 232]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075146-0011-0000", "contents": "1957 Rugby League World Cup squads, New Zealand\nThe following selected players did not play in the tournament.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [36, 47], "content_span": [48, 110]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075147-0000-0000", "contents": "1957 Rutgers Scarlet Knights football team\nThe 1957 Rutgers Scarlet Knights football team represented Rutgers University in the 1957 NCAA University Division football season. In their second season under head coach John Stiegman, the Scarlet Knights compiled a 5\u20134 record and outscored their opponents 181 to 133. The team's statistical leaders included Billy Austin with 479 passing yards and 946 rushing yards and Bob Simms with 180 receiving yards.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 42], "section_span": [42, 42], "content_span": [43, 451]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075148-0000-0000", "contents": "1957 Rwandan parliamentary election, Electoral system\nThe Decree of 14 July 1952 by the Belgian authorities introduced an element of democracy to the Rwandan political system. A complicated electoral system was created, which involved seven stages of elections to eventually elect the national Superior Council (French: Conseil Superieur du Pays). The system was modified from the 1953\u201354 elections with all men aged 18 or over able to vote for the Sub-Chiefdom Councils, as voting had previously been restricted to notables.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 53], "content_span": [54, 525]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075148-0001-0000", "contents": "1957 Rwandan parliamentary election, Results\nThe elections in the sub-chiefdoms were held in 1956, with the elections to the Chiefdom Councils Territorial Councils and the Superior Council following in 1957.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 44], "content_span": [45, 207]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075149-0000-0000", "contents": "1957 Ryder Cup\nThe 12th Ryder Cup Matches were held 4\u20135 October 1957 at Lindrick Golf Club near Worksop, England. The Great Britain team, led by captain Dai Rees, beat the United States team by a score of 71\u20442 to 41\u20442 points, and won the Ryder Cup for the first time since 1933.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [14, 14], "content_span": [15, 278]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075149-0001-0000", "contents": "1957 Ryder Cup\nOn the first day of competition was the Americans dominated the foursomes, winning three of the four matches. Dick Mayer and Tommy Bolt's 7 & 5 win over Britain's Christy O'Connor and Eric Brown was the largest margin of victory on day one.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [14, 14], "content_span": [15, 255]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075149-0002-0000", "contents": "1957 Ryder Cup\nThe British rallied on the second day of competition, starting with the first two singles matches. Brown recorded a 4 & 3 victory over Bolt, and Peter Mills defeated U.S. captain Jack Burke Jr. to draw Britain level at 3 to 3. The Americans responded when Fred Hawkins won his match against Peter Alliss, however Britain won the next four matches. Great Britain won the Ryder Cup when O'Connor defeated Dow Finsterwald, giving the British team 7 points. Harry Bradshaw and Mayer halved the final singles match to bring the final score to 71\u20442 to 41\u20442, with Britain gaining 61\u20442 points in the eight singles matches.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [14, 14], "content_span": [15, 629]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075149-0003-0000", "contents": "1957 Ryder Cup\nDai Rees therefore became only the third - and final - captain of the Great Britain side to lift the Ryder Cup as winning captain. Great Britain would never win the Ryder Cup again, and the Great Britain & Ireland team that competed in 1973, 1975 and 1977 never won the cup. It would not be until 1985 that a non-American (Tony Jacklin, as captain of the Europe team) would lift the trophy.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [14, 14], "content_span": [15, 405]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075149-0004-0000", "contents": "1957 Ryder Cup, Format\nThe Ryder Cup is a match play event, with each match worth one point. From 1927 through 1959, the format consisted of 4 foursome (alternate shot) matches on the first day and 8 singles matches on the second day, for a total of 12 points. Therefore, 61\u20442 points were required to win the Cup. All matches were played to a maximum of 36 holes.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [16, 22], "content_span": [23, 363]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075149-0005-0000", "contents": "1957 Ryder Cup, Sir Stuart Goodwin\nThe event was financially supported by Sir Stuart Goodwin, a Yorkshire steel industrialist. He had sponsored a foursomes tournament, the Goodwin (Sheffield) Foursomes Tournament, in 1952, 1953 and 1954 with prize money of \u00a33,000 and another in 1956, the Stuart C. Goodwin Tournament, with prize money of \u00a35,250. The \u00a35,250 was the largest ever for a British golf event surpassing the \u00a33,750 at the 1956 Open. All the tournaments were held in the Sheffield area, the 1953 event being held at Lindrick.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [16, 34], "content_span": [35, 535]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075149-0006-0000", "contents": "1957 Ryder Cup, Sir Stuart Goodwin\nHe offered the P.G.A. \u00a310,000 to host the match at Lindrick, the gate money going to the P.G.A. who were responsible for all payments in connection with the match. With gate receipts of \u00a316,127 the \u00a310,000 donation enabled the P.G.A. to make a record profit of about \u00a311,000 out of the event.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [16, 34], "content_span": [35, 327]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075149-0007-0000", "contents": "1957 Ryder Cup, Sir Stuart Goodwin\nHe later made a gift of \u00a35,000 to the R&A to help promote the Walker Cup and games with Commonwealth countries.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [16, 34], "content_span": [35, 146]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075149-0008-0000", "contents": "1957 Ryder Cup, Sir Stuart Goodwin\nIn 1959 Goodwin sponsored the Sherwood Forest Foursomes Tournament, which had prize money of \u00a32,100.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [16, 34], "content_span": [35, 135]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075149-0009-0000", "contents": "1957 Ryder Cup, Sir Stuart Goodwin\nGoodwin was President of Lindrick Golf Club from 1958 to 1960. In 1960 Lindrick hosted the Curtis Cup. Goodwin gave the Ladies' Golf Union a gift of \u00a32,000 to help stage the event and also guaranteed the LGU and Lindrick Golf Club against financial loss. Goodwin was a vice-president of the LGU.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [16, 34], "content_span": [35, 330]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075149-0010-0000", "contents": "1957 Ryder Cup, Teams\nA new system of selection was used for the Great Britain team. A points system based on performances over a two-year period ending after the 1957 Open Championship was used. Winners of the 1957 Open Championship and the 1957 News of the World Match Play were guaranteed places provided they were British. The remaining places to complete the team of 10 were selected from the points list. Following the 1957 Open, nine places were finalised, the leading nine in the point list: Brown, Weetman, Bradshaw, Bousfield, Alliss, Rees, Faulkner, O'Connor and Hunt. Mills was 10th in the list. Rees was again chosen as the captain. With O'Connor winning the News of the World Match Play, Mills became the last member of the team.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [16, 21], "content_span": [22, 743]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075149-0011-0000", "contents": "1957 Ryder Cup, Teams\nThe 1957 Amateurs\u2013Professionals Match was played at Lindrick in early August. It was intended that the match would be between the Ryder Cup and Walker Cup teams, to give both teams some competitive experience and for the Ryder Cup team to gain experience of the Lindrick course. In the event, two of the Ryder Cup team, Christy O'Connor Snr and Harry Weetman were ill and replaced by Eric Lester and local professional, 49-year-old Jack Jacobs.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [16, 21], "content_span": [22, 466]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075149-0012-0000", "contents": "1957 Ryder Cup, Friday's foursome matches\n18 hole scores: Ford/Finsterwald: 1 up, Bousfield/Rees v Wall/Hawkins: all square, Kroll/Burke: 1 up, Mayer/Bolt: 3 up.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [16, 41], "content_span": [42, 161]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075149-0013-0000", "contents": "1957 Ryder Cup, Saturday's singles matches\n18 hole scores: Brown: 4 up, Mills: 5 up, Hawkins: 1 up, Bousfield: 5 up, Rees: 4 up, Hunt: 1 up, O'Connor/Finsterwald: all square, Mayer: 1 up.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [16, 42], "content_span": [43, 187]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075149-0014-0000", "contents": "1957 Ryder Cup, Weetman suspension\nAt a meeting on 21 October, Harry Weetman was suspended by the executive committee of the P.G.A. for twelve months. This was following his actions after being left out of the second day singles matches. Weetman had declared that he would never play in any Ryder Cup again if Rees were the captain. Weetman was unable to play in P.G.A. events. The decision was upheld at the annual meeting of the P.G.A. in November. Following an appeal from Rees the P.G.A. lifted the suspension on 17 April 1958.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [16, 34], "content_span": [35, 531]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075149-0015-0000", "contents": "1957 Ryder Cup, Individual player records\nEach entry refers to the Win\u2013Loss\u2013Half record of the player.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [16, 41], "content_span": [42, 102]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075150-0000-0000", "contents": "1957 SANFL Grand Final\nThe 1957 SANFL Grand Final was an Australian rules football competition. Port Adelaide beat Norwood 105 to 94.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [22, 22], "content_span": [23, 133]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075151-0000-0000", "contents": "1957 SANFL season\nThe 1957 South Australian National Football League season was the 78th season of the top-level Australian rules football competition in South Australia.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [17, 17], "content_span": [18, 170]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075152-0000-0000", "contents": "1957 SCCA National Sports Car Championship\nThe 1957 SCCA National Sports Car Championship season was the seventh season of the Sports Car Club of America's National Sports Car Championship. It began May 19, 1957, and ended November 17, 1957, after fifteen races.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 42], "section_span": [42, 42], "content_span": [43, 262]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075153-0000-0000", "contents": "1957 Sacramento State Hornets football team\nThe 1957 Sacramento State Hornets football team represented Sacramento State College during the 1957 NCAA College Division football season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 43], "section_span": [43, 43], "content_span": [44, 183]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075153-0001-0000", "contents": "1957 Sacramento State Hornets football team\nSacramento State competed in the Far Western Conference (FWC). The Hornets were led by first-year head coach Johnny Baker. They played home games at Charles C. Hughes Stadium in Sacramento, California. The team finished with the first winning record in its four years of existence. Their record was five wins and four losses (5\u20134, 2\u20133 FWC). For the season the team was outscored by its opponents 173\u2013174.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 43], "section_span": [43, 43], "content_span": [44, 448]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075153-0002-0000", "contents": "1957 Sacramento State Hornets football team, Team players in the NFL\nNo Sacramento State players were selected in the 1958 NFL Draft.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 43], "section_span": [45, 68], "content_span": [69, 133]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075154-0000-0000", "contents": "1957 Saint Kitts-Nevis-Anguilla general election\nGeneral elections were held in Saint Kitts-Nevis-Anguilla on 6 November 1957. The result was a victory for the Saint Kitts-Nevis-Anguilla Labour Party, which won five of the eight seats.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 48], "section_span": [48, 48], "content_span": [49, 235]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075155-0000-0000", "contents": "1957 Saint Lucian general election\nGeneral elections were held in Saint Lucia on 18 September 1957. The result was a victory for the Saint Lucia Labour Party, which won seven of the eight seats. Voter turnout was 56.8%.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [34, 34], "content_span": [35, 219]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075156-0000-0000", "contents": "1957 Saint-Paul bus accident\nThe 1957 Saint-Paul bus accident took place on Sunday, 10 November 1957, on a meandering road overpassing downtown Saint-Paul, one of the sub-prefectures of the island of R\u00e9union. Caused by a rupture in the brakes of a bus on an incline, it caused 27 deaths and left a lasting mark on the collective memory of this French Indian Ocean d\u00e9partement.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [28, 28], "content_span": [29, 376]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075156-0001-0000", "contents": "1957 Saint-Paul bus accident, Events\nThe accident occurred at 7:30 am (local time) on Sunday, 10 November 1957, a sunny morning. A bus belonging to the transport authority, chartered by diocesan social workers of Father Favron, was transporting parishioners to a construction site in Sainte-Anne, a neighbourhood of Saint-Beno\u00eet. The brakes let go at one of the sinuous curves of the winding road that passed over the centre of Saint-Paul, in the western part of the island.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 36], "content_span": [37, 474]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075156-0001-0001", "contents": "1957 Saint-Paul bus accident, Events\nThe vehicle involved was in second place in the convoy that was supposed to travel to Sainte-Anne, and the accident took place just a few moments after its departure from the district known as Le Guillaume, where all the victims lived except for two, among whom was the driver, a native of Le Port.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 36], "content_span": [37, 335]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075156-0002-0000", "contents": "1957 Saint-Paul bus accident, Events\nThe bus fell 25 metres before crashing at the foot of a cliff. There was at least one witness, M. Louisin, an employee of the mayor's office who was walking on the rue de la Caverne when he saw the bus plunge through the air, and who remained paralysed for a long moment before regaining his senses.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 36], "content_span": [37, 336]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075156-0002-0001", "contents": "1957 Saint-Paul bus accident, Events\nThe roof became detached and crashed on top of the passengers, who may have reflexively tried to jump out of the bus during its fall in the hope of escaping the catastrophe, \"a spectacular pirouette\" that finished \"with a horrific clatter\", as the Journal de l'\u00eele de La R\u00e9union observed on 12 November. Indeed, the sound of the accident could be heard hundreds of metres all around.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 36], "content_span": [37, 420]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075156-0003-0000", "contents": "1957 Saint-Paul bus accident, Events\nAccording to different witnesses, first aid was quickly set up around the crash site, where rescuers and bystanders mixed with passengers from the first bus in the convoy, which stopped. On the ground, below, above and in the wreckage, mutilated, crushed and bleeding bodies were everywhere. Human remains were found over ten metres around. A woman's severed head hung from a tree.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 36], "content_span": [37, 418]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075156-0004-0000", "contents": "1957 Saint-Paul bus accident, Toll and consequences\nTwenty-three individuals were killed instantly in the accident. In addition, the town transported twelve wounded to the F\u00e9lix-Guyon Hospital in Saint-Denis. Four more died as a result of the crash, making it the deadliest in the history of Saint-Paul, if not of R\u00e9union's entire history.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 51], "content_span": [52, 339]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075156-0005-0000", "contents": "1957 Saint-Paul bus accident, Toll and consequences\nAmong the public, the shock of the event was terrible. Following the event, the JIR opened a public subscription in collaboration with the diocesan social workers, calling on all its readers \"to participate as widely as possible in this spirit of human brotherhood and of R\u00e9union solidarity\". The operation was a success, and the subscription's closing time was pushed back by forty-eight hours to allow the arrival on time of donations, spurred in part by lists distributed in numerous private establishments and several administrative services. On 19 November, less than ten days after the accident, the daily announced that over two million francs had been collected. By the 23rd, the deadline for donations, the sum had doubled, reaching over four million.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 51], "content_span": [52, 812]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075156-0006-0000", "contents": "1957 Saint-Paul bus accident, Toll and consequences\nDespite a spirit of generosity that showed itself as far away as Mauritius and Metropolitan France, memories of the bus crash remain vivid locally, and according to a 2007 report by the JIR, \"50 years later, this drama still remains etched into the collective memory\". M\u00e9mona Hintermann, foreign correspondent for France 3, evoked this accident in her 2006 autobiographical work, T\u00eate haute: as a poor child in Le Tampon, on the southern part of the island, it was after she saw television images of the aftermath of the event that she discovered the profession of television journalist. A memorial with all the victims' names and a cross was built along the ramp where the vehicle fell.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 51], "content_span": [52, 739]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075157-0000-0000", "contents": "1957 San Diego State Aztecs football team\nThe 1957 San Diego State Aztecs football team represented San Diego State College during the 1957 NCAA College Division football season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 41], "section_span": [41, 41], "content_span": [42, 178]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075157-0001-0000", "contents": "1957 San Diego State Aztecs football team\nSan Diego State competed in the California Collegiate Athletic Association (CCAA). The team was led by head coach Paul Governali, in his second year, and played home games at Aztec Bowl. They finished the season with two wins and seven losses (2\u20137, 0\u20131 CCAA). The Aztecs were shutout in four consecutive games and scored only 77 points in their nine games while giving up 243.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 41], "section_span": [41, 41], "content_span": [42, 418]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075157-0002-0000", "contents": "1957 San Diego State Aztecs football team, Team players in the NFL\nNo San Diego State players were selected in the 1958 NFL Draft.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 41], "section_span": [43, 66], "content_span": [67, 130]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075158-0000-0000", "contents": "1957 San Francisco 49ers season\nThe 1957 San Francisco 49ers season was the team's eighth season in the NFL. Coming off a 5\u20136\u20131 record in 1956, the 49ers tied for the best record in the Western Conference at 8\u20134.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [31, 31], "content_span": [32, 212]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075158-0001-0000", "contents": "1957 San Francisco 49ers season\nSan Francisco continued their late-season success from the previous year, and won five of their first six games, and were in first place in the West midway through the season. The Niners then lost three straight on the road to drop to 5\u20134, but then won the final three games to close out the season at 8\u20134, their best season since 1953.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [31, 31], "content_span": [32, 368]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075158-0002-0000", "contents": "1957 San Francisco 49ers season\nThe 49ers tied with the Detroit Lions at the top of the Western Conference, and split their two regular-season games in November, with the home teams winning. This forced a tie-breaking playoff game at Kezar Stadium on December 22. The winner would host the Eastern Conference champion Cleveland Browns for the NFL championship the following week.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [31, 31], "content_span": [32, 379]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075158-0003-0000", "contents": "1957 San Francisco 49ers season\nThe 49ers built a 24\u20137 lead at halftime, and extended it to twenty points in the third quarter. Detroit's  hall of fame quarterback Bobby Layne had been lost for the season two weeks earlier, and backup Tobin Rote lead the Lions' rally, scoring 24 unanswered points in the second half to win, 31\u201327, which ended the 49ers' season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [31, 31], "content_span": [32, 362]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075158-0004-0000", "contents": "1957 San Francisco 49ers season\nEight weeks earlier on October 27, 49ers' owner Tony Morabito, age 47, suffered a heart attack in the press box at Kezar during the second quarter of the game against the Chicago Bears. He died shortly after arriving at Mary's Help Hospital on Guerrero Street. The team was notified of his death at halftime, and with tears in their eyes, they went back out and won a come-from-behind victory.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [31, 31], "content_span": [32, 425]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075158-0005-0000", "contents": "1957 San Francisco 49ers season\nQuarterback Y. A. Tittle had another strong season for the 49ers, completing 63.1% of his passes for 2157 yards and 13 TD's. He also rushed for 6 TD's. End Billy Wilson led the club with 52 receptions for 757 yards, along with a team high 6 TD's. Running back Hugh McElhenny led in rushing with 478 yards on 102 attempts.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [31, 31], "content_span": [32, 353]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075158-0006-0000", "contents": "1957 San Francisco 49ers season, Regular season, Standings\nNote: Tie games were not officially counted in the standings until 1972.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 58], "content_span": [59, 131]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075159-0000-0000", "contents": "1957 San Francisco State Gators football team\nThe 1957 San Francisco State Gators football team represented San Francisco State College during the 1957 NCAA College Division football season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 45], "section_span": [45, 45], "content_span": [46, 190]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075159-0001-0000", "contents": "1957 San Francisco State Gators football team\nSan Francisco State competed in the Far Western Conference (FWC). The Gators were led by 8th-year head coach Joe Verducci. They played home games at Cox Stadium in San Francisco, California. The team finished the season as champion of the FWC, with a record of seven wins and three losses (7\u20133, 5\u20130 FWC). This was the second straight title for the Gators. For the season the team outscored its opponents 256\u2013124.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 45], "section_span": [45, 45], "content_span": [46, 458]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075159-0002-0000", "contents": "1957 San Francisco State Gators football team, Team players in the NFL\nNo San Francisco State players were selected in the 1958 NFL Draft.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 45], "section_span": [47, 70], "content_span": [71, 138]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075160-0000-0000", "contents": "1957 San Francisco earthquake\nThe 1957 San Francisco earthquake  (also known as the Daly City earthquake of 1957) occurred on March 22 at 11:44:22 local time with a moment magnitude of 5.7 and a maximum Mercalli Intensity of VII (Very strong). It was located just off the San Francisco Peninsula near the San Andreas Fault and was felt in a limited portion of Northern and Central California. There was a non-destructive foreshock and aftershock sequence that lasted for several months. With financial losses of around US$1 million, damage was considered minimal, with one death and forty injuries.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [29, 29], "content_span": [30, 598]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075160-0001-0000", "contents": "1957 San Francisco earthquake, Tectonic setting\nThe San Andreas Fault System (SAFS) is a collection of faults that accommodates differential motion between the Pacific and North American Plates and extends from the Mendocino Triple Junction in the north to the Salton Sea in the south. While the majority of movement occurs as right-lateral strike-slip on the significant branches of the system, including the San Jacinto and Hayward faults that are relatively near the main San Andreas Fault, motion has been observed well east into the Basin and Range Province. Other types of faults (including left-lateral strike-slip, reverse, thrust, and to a lesser extent, normal) are also present in the system.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 47], "content_span": [48, 703]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075160-0002-0000", "contents": "1957 San Francisco earthquake, Earthquake\nEight foreshocks (with a maximum magnitude of 3.8) preceded the main event. The first motion method was used to determine the focal mechanism of the mainshock. It was found to be dissimilar from the 1906 earthquake, and instead showed oblique movement on a steeply-dipping thrust fault, with the eastern side of the fault rising relative to the western side. The strike-slip component was minimal; only about half as much as the thrust component.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 41], "content_span": [42, 488]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075160-0003-0000", "contents": "1957 San Francisco earthquake, Earthquake, Damage\nDamage was non-structural and was limited to content within buildings and cracked plaster and was estimated at $1 million, not including loss to building content. The most significant effects were seen in the western portion of Daly City and in the Lake Merced area of San Francisco. The minimal losses were attributed to the short duration and lack of high intensity shaking.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 49], "content_span": [50, 426]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075160-0004-0000", "contents": "1957 San Francisco earthquake, Earthquake, Strong motion\nThe event was felt over an area of 12,000 square miles. Its scientific value was reinforced because it was captured on 13 strong motion instruments. A maximum (free field) peak ground acceleration of 0.13 g was recorded in Golden Gate Park and .18 g was recorded on the fourteenth floor of a building in San Francisco.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 56], "content_span": [57, 375]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075161-0000-0000", "contents": "1957 San Jose State Spartans football team\nThe 1957 San Jose State Spartans football team represented San Jose State College during the 1957 NCAA University Division football season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 42], "section_span": [42, 42], "content_span": [43, 182]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075161-0001-0000", "contents": "1957 San Jose State Spartans football team\nSan Jose State played as an Independent in 1957. The team was led by first-year head coach Bob Titchenal, and played home games at Spartan Stadium in San Jose, California. The Spartans finished the 1957 season with a record of three wins and seven losses (3\u20137). Overall, the team was outscored by its opponents 123\u2013196 for the season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 42], "section_span": [42, 42], "content_span": [43, 377]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075161-0002-0000", "contents": "1957 San Jose State Spartans football team, Team players in the NFL\nThe following San Jose State players were selected in the 1958 NFL Draft.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 42], "section_span": [44, 67], "content_span": [68, 141]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075161-0003-0000", "contents": "1957 San Jose State Spartans football team, Team players in the NFL\nThe following finished their San Jose State career in 1957, were not drafted, but played in the NFL.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 42], "section_span": [44, 67], "content_span": [68, 168]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075162-0000-0000", "contents": "1957 Santos FC season\nThe 1957 season was the forty-sixth season for Santos FC.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [21, 21], "content_span": [22, 79]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075163-0000-0000", "contents": "1957 Sardinian regional election\nThe Sardinian regional election of 1957 took place on 16 June 1957.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [32, 32], "content_span": [33, 100]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075163-0001-0000", "contents": "1957 Sardinian regional election\nAfter the election Giuseppe Brotzu, the incumbent Christian Democratic President, was re-elected President by the Regional Council. However, as soon as in 1958 Efisio Corrias replaced him at the head of a new government that included the Sardinian Action Party, a social-liberal regionalist party.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [32, 32], "content_span": [33, 330]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075164-0000-0000", "contents": "1957 Scottish Cup Final\nThe 1957 Scottish Cup Final was an association football match, the 72nd staging of the final of the Scottish Cup, Scottish football's most prestigious knock-out competition. The match took place at Hampden Park on 20 April 1957 and was contested by Division One clubs Falkirk and Kilmarnock. It was Falkirk's second appearance in the final and Kilmarnock's sixth.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [23, 23], "content_span": [24, 387]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075164-0001-0000", "contents": "1957 Scottish Cup Final\nAs Division One clubs, both entered the tournament in the fifth round. Neither club won all four of their ties at the first attempt, Falkirk requiring a replay in the semi-final to knock out fellow Division One club Raith Rovers whom they defeated in the club's last appearance in the final in 1913. Falkirk defeated two Division Two clubs and another from Division One before the final. Kilmarnock needed a replay to knock out the club who defeated them in their last final appearance also, East Fife. They went on to eliminate the 1956 runners-up, Celtic, in the replayed semi-final.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [23, 23], "content_span": [24, 609]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075164-0002-0000", "contents": "1957 Scottish Cup Final\nIt was only Falkirk's second appearance in the final, their first in 44 years since success in 1913. Kilmarnock were making their sixth appearance in their history, winning twice, the last victory coming in 1929.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [23, 23], "content_span": [24, 236]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075164-0003-0000", "contents": "1957 Scottish Cup Final\nThe first match ended in a 1\u20131 draw. Falkirk took the lead after 33 minutes when John Prentice scored from the penalty spot after a foul by Willie Toner. Kilmarnock equalised in first half injury time with a goal from David Curlett. With no goals in the second half, the scores remained level to force a replay four days later. In the replay, Falkirk took the lead again through George Merchant. Kilmarnock again equalised with only 12 minutes until the end to see the match into extra time. Doug Moran scored the winning goal for Falkirk in the 101st minute of the match to seal victory for Falkirk and be crowned champions for the second time in its history.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [23, 23], "content_span": [24, 684]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075165-0000-0000", "contents": "1957 Scottish League Cup Final\nThe 1957 Scottish League Cup Final was the final of the 1957\u201358 Scottish League Cup. The football match was played on 19 October 1957 at Hampden Park, in which Celtic beat rivals Rangers in a record 7\u20131 victory. The final was nicknamed \"Hampden in the Sun\", a phrase coined by Celtic supporters as the title of a terrace song. It has since been used in other songs, poems and a book about the game.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [30, 30], "content_span": [31, 429]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075165-0001-0000", "contents": "1957 Scottish League Cup Final\nThe 7\u20131 scoreline remains a record for a major domestic cup final in British football.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [30, 30], "content_span": [31, 117]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075165-0002-0000", "contents": "1957 Scottish League Cup Final, Overview\nCeltic entered the final as holders, having beaten Partick Thistle after a replay in the previous year's Final. Rangers were the reigning league champions. The match was the 12th League Cup Final, and the first contested by the Old Firm. It was held at a sunny Hampden Park in Glasgow, at 2.45pm on the afternoon of 19 October 1957.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 40], "content_span": [41, 373]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075165-0003-0000", "contents": "1957 Scottish League Cup Final, Overview\nCeltic attacked from the start, with shots hitting the post twice in the first twenty minutes. The first goal was scored by Sammy Wilson, from a Charlie Tully cross on in the 22nd minute. Rangers defended for the remainder of the first half, however in the 44th minute Neil Mochan scored a solo goal after a run down the left wing. Within eight minutes of the restart Billy McPhail scored Celtic's third goal with a header from a Bobby Collins cross. Rangers narrowed the margin five minutes later, a goal by Simpson, however it only served to reinvigorate the Celtic attack as McPhail, then Mochan scored their second goals.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 40], "content_span": [41, 666]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075165-0004-0000", "contents": "1957 Scottish League Cup Final, Overview\nIn the 80th minute, McPhail claimed his third, a hat-trick of goals all scored with his head. As the game drew to a close violence flared in among the fans, but in the final minute McPhail was fouled in the Rangers' penalty area. He declined the opportunity to score a fourth goal, a feat never achieved by a player in an Old Firm match, instead Willie Fernie took the kick. In addition to the seven goals, Celtic hit the woodwork four times. They were permitted to keep their jerseys as a souvenir of the day.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 40], "content_span": [41, 551]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075165-0005-0000", "contents": "1957 Scottish League Cup Final, Overview\nMuch of the blame for the poor defensive display by Rangers was attributed to centre back John Valentine, who had signed from Queen's Park earlier that season. Bobby Collins told The Sunday Post \"I don't know if Valentine had no faith in George Niven or Niven had no faith in Valentine, but ultimately they had no faith in themselves, something you can sense very quickly on a football field, and inevitably the game became a rout.\"", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 40], "content_span": [41, 473]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075165-0006-0000", "contents": "1957 Scottish League Cup Final, Overview\nThe victory, reported in The Times as \"a wonderful exhibition of football\", and as an \"October Revolution\" by The Sunday Post, was comprehensive. The scoreline remains a record in any major British football final, the record margin of victory in an official Old Firm game, and Rangers' record final defeat.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 40], "content_span": [41, 347]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075165-0007-0000", "contents": "1957 Scottish League Cup Final, In song\nIn the summer of 1957, the motion picture Island in the Sun was released in Europe, featuring a title song by Harry Belafonte. The song peaked in the UK Singles Chart in June and went on to become the 5th biggest selling single that year Celtic fans composed alternative lyrics to the tune, and began to sing Hampden in the Sun at football matches to celebrate the victory. The song has since been recorded by artists such as Freedom's sons and regularly features on albums of Celtic football song. The phrase itself has become synonymous with the match, and has since been used in other songs and poems, and is the title of a book about the 1957 final and the iconic status it achieved among the Celtic support.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 39], "content_span": [40, 752]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075166-0000-0000", "contents": "1957 Segunda Divisi\u00f3n Peruana\nThe 1957 Segunda Divisi\u00f3n Peruana, the second division of Peruvian football (soccer), was played by 10 teams. The tournament winner, Mariscal Castilla was promoted to the Primera Divisi\u00f3n Peruana 1958.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [29, 29], "content_span": [30, 231]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075167-0000-0000", "contents": "1957 Segunda Divisi\u00f3n de Chile\nThe 1957 Segunda Divisi\u00f3n de Chile was the sixth season of the Segunda Divisi\u00f3n de Chile.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [30, 30], "content_span": [31, 120]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075168-0000-0000", "contents": "1957 Senegalese Territorial Assembly election\nTerritorial Assembly elections were held in Senegal on 31 March 1957. The result was a landslide victory for the Senegalese Popular Bloc (BPS), which won 47 of the 60 seats. Its main competitor, the MSA-affiliated Senegalese Party of Socialist Action (PSAS) had aliented the marabouts and enabled the BPS to win the rural vote (over which the marabouts held an important sway) by far.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 45], "section_span": [45, 45], "content_span": [46, 430]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075168-0001-0000", "contents": "1957 Senegalese Territorial Assembly election, Electoral system\nThe elections had been called after the adoption of the Loi Cadre in 1956, which instituted a system of semiautonomous governments in the different colonies of French West Africa.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 45], "section_span": [47, 63], "content_span": [64, 243]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075168-0002-0000", "contents": "1957 Senegalese Territorial Assembly election, Campaign\nWhilst most other Territorial Assembly elections were dominated by affiliates of the African Democratic Rally (RDA), the Senegalese elections saw a clash between the Senegalese parties affiliated to the African Convention (CA) and the African Socialist Movement (MSA) respectively.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 45], "section_span": [47, 55], "content_span": [56, 337]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075168-0003-0000", "contents": "1957 Senegalese Territorial Assembly election, Campaign\nThe CA-affiliated BPS had evolved out of the Senegalese Democratic Bloc just before the elections. In the run-up to the elections the BPS leader L\u00e9opold S\u00e9dar Senghor had a more socialist and nationalist discourse, attracting various trade unionists and leftwing intellectuals to join the BPS leadership.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 45], "section_span": [47, 55], "content_span": [56, 360]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075168-0004-0000", "contents": "1957 Senegalese Territorial Assembly election, Results\nOne MP from K\u00e9dougou was elected from one of the various regional lists that contested the polls. No women were elected to the assembly.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 45], "section_span": [47, 54], "content_span": [55, 191]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075168-0005-0000", "contents": "1957 Senegalese Territorial Assembly election, Aftermath\nAfter the elections, BPS selected Ibrahima Seydou N'Daw from Kaolack as the chair of the Assembly.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 45], "section_span": [47, 56], "content_span": [57, 155]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075169-0000-0000", "contents": "1957 Seychellois parliamentary election\nParliamentary elections were held in the Seychelles in June 1957. The Seychelles Taxpayers and Producers Association (STPA) won three of the four seats.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [39, 39], "content_span": [40, 192]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075169-0001-0000", "contents": "1957 Seychellois parliamentary election, Electoral system\nThe 13-member Legislative Council consisted of the Governor, six officials (the Government Secretary, the Attorney General, the Treasurer and the Directors of Agriculture, Education and Medical Services), two appointed members and four elected members, elected from single-member constituencies.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 57], "content_span": [58, 353]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075169-0002-0000", "contents": "1957 Seychellois parliamentary election, Electoral system\nThe right to vote was granted to all citizens over the age of 21 who could write their name, paid income tax on an annual income of SR 3,000 or more, and could prove that they had lived in the Seychelles for at least a year. Only around 10% of the population were able to register.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 57], "content_span": [58, 339]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075169-0003-0000", "contents": "1957 Seychellois parliamentary election, Campaign\nIn two of the four seats, STPA candidates were unopposed; Helen Stevenson-Delhomme in North Mah\u00e9 and Harry Savy in Praslin and La Digue.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 49], "content_span": [50, 186]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075169-0004-0000", "contents": "1957 Seychellois parliamentary election, Aftermath\nFollowing the elections, D Bailey and E Stravens were appointed to the Council.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 50], "content_span": [51, 130]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075170-0000-0000", "contents": "1957 Sierra Leonean general election\nGeneral elections were held in Sierra Leone Colony and Protectorate in May 1957. A total of 39 seats were up for election, whilst another 12 paramount chiefs were indirectly elected.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [36, 36], "content_span": [37, 219]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075170-0001-0000", "contents": "1957 Sierra Leonean general election\nThe Sierra Leone People's Party led by Milton Margai won a majority of the elected seats, and gained the support of all 12 chiefs and eight of the ten independents. Margai led the country to independence in 1961.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [36, 36], "content_span": [37, 249]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075171-0000-0000", "contents": "1957 Singapore City Council election\nThe 1957 Singapore City Council elections was the first time that all appointed seats were scrapped, and all seats were opened for direct popular voting. Nomination day was on 18 November 1957, with voting held on 21 December in the same year.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [36, 36], "content_span": [37, 280]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075171-0001-0000", "contents": "1957 Singapore City Council election\nA total of 32 seats were contested. Also up for contention, was the new office of Mayor of Singapore, which would be awarded to the leader of the political party with the majority of seats won.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [36, 36], "content_span": [37, 230]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075172-0000-0000", "contents": "1957 Singaporean by-elections\nA by-election was held on 29 June 1957, with nomination day occurring on 18 May 1957 in Cairnhill and Tanjong Pagar. When talks with the British authorities for self-governance broke down, Chief Minister David Marshall decided to resign from the Labour Front on 7 June 1956. He had also challenged then-opposition leader Lee Kuan Yew from the People's Action Party to resign and recontest his Tanjong Pagar ward as well, which he did.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [29, 29], "content_span": [30, 464]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075172-0001-0000", "contents": "1957 Singaporean by-elections\nThe Labour Front's replacement candidate Keng Bang Ee lost the seat to the new Liberal Socialist Party, while Lee retained his seat in Tanjong Pagar.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [29, 29], "content_span": [30, 179]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075172-0002-0000", "contents": "1957 Singaporean by-elections, Results, Cairnhill\nNote 1: As Mirza Abdul Majid had failed to secure 12.5% of the votes, he had his election deposit forfeited.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 49], "content_span": [50, 158]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075172-0003-0000", "contents": "1957 Singaporean by-elections, Results, Cairnhill\nNote 2: In 1957, Singapore Malay Union (SMU) was expelled by its alliance partners consisted of UMNO and MCA for fielding a candidate in this by-election which was the reason for the elections department of Singapore to view Tengku Muda as another independent candidate.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 49], "content_span": [50, 320]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075173-0000-0000", "contents": "1957 Small Club World Cup\nThe 1957 Small Club World Cup (officially, \"Copa Rep\u00fablica de Venezuela\") was the sixth edition of the Small Club World Cup, a tournament held in Venezuela between 1952 and 1957, and in 1963 and in 1965.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [25, 25], "content_span": [26, 229]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075173-0000-0001", "contents": "1957 Small Club World Cup\nIt was played by four participants, half from Europe and half from South America in double round robin format, and featured star players like Didi and Garrincha for Botafogo, Uruguayan Ram\u00f3n Villaverde who reappeared after the 1953 edition, goalkeeper Antoni Ramallets, Estanislau Basora, and Brazilian Evaristo for Barcelona, goalkeeper Roberto Sosa, H\u00e9ctor N\u00fa\u00f1ez, and Guillermo Escalada for Nacional de Montevideo, and Marcelino Campanal for Sevilla. Also, future Real Madrid defender Jos\u00e9 Santamar\u00eda was in Nacional's squad.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [25, 25], "content_span": [26, 553]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075173-0001-0000", "contents": "1957 Small Club World Cup\nThis was the last edition of the championship with its original name and degree of importance. After the creation of the European Champions Cup, the efforts of European clubs were all to dispute the then fledgling Cup, emptying the Venezuelan tournament. Real Madrid, European champions in 1955\u201356, participated in the 1956 competition; but after retaining their European title in 1956\u201357, Real Madrid did not attend the 1957 edition of the Venezuelan tournament, which ended up being the last tournament in this original series. Other invited teams that did not contest the competition were Lazio, Atl\u00e9tico Madrid, Athletic Bilbao, and Fluminense.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [25, 25], "content_span": [26, 674]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075173-0002-0000", "contents": "1957 Small Club World Cup\nSpanish team Barcelona won the competition, achieving their first title, with Uruguayan forward Ram\u00f3n Villaverde being the topscorer with 6 goals. Other editions would happen without regularity, named Trophy City of Caracas, from 1963, but without the same quality of the participants.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [25, 25], "content_span": [26, 311]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075174-0000-0000", "contents": "1957 South American Artistic Gymnastics Championships\nThe 1957 South American Artistic Gymnastics Championships were held in Buenos Aires, Argentina, December 13, 1957.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 53], "section_span": [53, 53], "content_span": [54, 168]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075175-0000-0000", "contents": "1957 South American Championship\nThe South American Championship 1957 was a football tournament held in Peru and won by Argentina with Brazil as runners-up. Bolivia, and Paraguay withdrew from the tournament.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [32, 32], "content_span": [33, 208]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075175-0001-0000", "contents": "1957 South American Championship\nHumberto Maschio from Argentina and Javier Ambrois from Uruguay became top scorers of the tournament with 9 goals each.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [32, 32], "content_span": [33, 152]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075175-0002-0000", "contents": "1957 South American Championship, Summary\nManaged by Guillermo St\u00e1bile, Argentina won the tournament with a team widely considered one of the best squads in its history, and the first \"legendary team\" of Argentina since its inception in 1901. The attacking line (nicknamed Carasucias) was composed of Omar Corbatta, Humberto Maschio, Antonio Angelillo, Enrique S\u00edvori and Osvaldo Cruz. Beyond its virtues and high goalscoring (25 goals in 6 matches), Argentina was a well-balanced team with a strong defense with Pedro Dellacha and N\u00e9stor Rossi as two of its most notable players that helped the team to finish the competition with the fewest goals conceded.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 41], "content_span": [42, 658]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075175-0003-0000", "contents": "1957 South American Championship, Summary\nDespite Argentina having won other South American competitions before, the 1957 Sudamericano was the first Argentine achievement with a great repercusion on the media. Likewise, S\u00edvori was chosen as the best player of the tournament.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 41], "content_span": [42, 275]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075175-0004-0000", "contents": "1957 South American Championship, Summary\nBecause of their great performances, Maschio, Angelillo and S\u00edvori would be traded to Italian clubs (Bologna, Internazionale and Juventus respectively) after the tournament, losing the chance to play the FIFA World Cup held in Sweden one year later, due to the AFA interventor, Ra\u00fal Colombo, not calling them for the national team considering that \"we are plenty of players here\".", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 41], "content_span": [42, 422]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075175-0005-0000", "contents": "1957 South American Championship, Summary\nPeople always remember us. Maybe we played just a few matches and that South American championship still remains in their memory. Despite we had played some friendly matches before travelling Peru, people almost could not see us play in our country.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 41], "content_span": [42, 291]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075175-0006-0000", "contents": "1957 South American Championship, Summary\nCorbatta was a phenomenal player. He did impossible things. He was crazy, but about football. When he dribbled it seemed that rivals could never take the ball away from him. He became an idol of Lime\u00f1os (people from Lima). After the 3\u20130 win over Brazil, he was acclaimed by the whole attendance, giving his shirt to them as retribution.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 41], "content_span": [42, 378]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075175-0007-0000", "contents": "1957 South American Championship, Squads\nFor a complete list of participating squads see: 1957 South American Championship squads", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 40], "content_span": [41, 129]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075175-0008-0000", "contents": "1957 South American Championship, Goalscorers\nA total of 33 different players scored 101 goals in the tournament. None of them is credited as own goal.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 45], "content_span": [46, 151]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075176-0000-0000", "contents": "1957 South American Championship squads\nThese are the squads for the countries that played in the 1957 South American Championship. The participating countries were Argentina, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Ecuador, Peru and Uruguay. Bolivia and Paraguay withdrew from the tournament. The teams plays in a single round-robin tournament, earning two points for a win, one point for a draw, and zero points for a loss.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [39, 39], "content_span": [40, 410]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075176-0001-0000", "contents": "1957 South American Championship squads, Chile\n(N\u00b0 Federico Nitsche GK 11/4/1930 Union Espa\u00f1ola Chile) (N\u00b0 Mario Alberto Torres Hernandez DF 6/20/1931 Audax Italiano Chile) (N\u00b0 Rodolfo Almeida Morando 6/10/1923 MF Club Deportivo Palestino Chile) (N\u00b0 Daniel Morales Oyarce MF 4/23/1928 Club Deportivo Magallanes Chile) (N\u00b0 Gonzalo Carrasco Medina MF 7/28/1935 Green Cross Chile) (N\u00b0 Sergio Segundo Espinoza Cavieres FW 12/25/1928 Audax Italiano Chile) N\u00b0 Carlos Enrique Verdejo Peralta FW 10/2/1934 Club de Deportes La Serena Chile) (N\u00b0 Raul Cornelio Aguila Herrera 9/16/1930 Audax Italiano Chile) (N\u00b0 Jesus Bernardino Pico Imatz FW 4/20/1935 Santiago Wanders Chile) (N\u00b0 Carlos Inocencio Tello Vergara FW 3/28/1929 Audax Italiano Chile).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 46], "content_span": [47, 736]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075177-0000-0000", "contents": "1957 South American Championships in Athletics (unofficial)\nUnofficial South American Championships in Athletics were held inSantiago, Chile in 1957. The athletics meeting was for men only.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 59], "section_span": [59, 59], "content_span": [60, 189]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075178-0000-0000", "contents": "1957 South Carolina Gamecocks football team\nThe 1957 South Carolina Gamecocks football team represented the University of South Carolina in the Atlantic Coast Conference in the 1957 NCAA University Division football season. The Gamecocks finished the season 5\u20135 overall.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 43], "section_span": [43, 43], "content_span": [44, 270]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075179-0000-0000", "contents": "1957 South Dakota Coyotes football team\nThe 1957 South Dakota Coyotes football team was an American football team that represented the University of South Dakota in the North Central Conference (NCC) during the 1957 NCAA College Division football season. In its second season under head coach Ralph Stewart, the team compiled a 4\u20134\u20131 record (3\u20132\u20131 against NCC opponents), finished in fourth place out of seven teams in the NCC, and was outscored by a total of 146 to 140. The team played its home games at Inman Field in Vermillion, South Dakota.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [39, 39], "content_span": [40, 546]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075180-0000-0000", "contents": "1957 South Dakota State Jackrabbits football team\nThe 1957 South Dakota State Jackrabbits football team was an American football team that represented South Dakota State University in the North Central Conference (NCC) during the 1957 NCAA College Division football season. In its 11th season under head coach Ralph Ginn, the team compiled a 6\u20132\u20131 record, won the NCC championship, and outscored opponents by a total of 185 to 119.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 49], "section_span": [49, 49], "content_span": [50, 431]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075180-0001-0000", "contents": "1957 South Dakota State Jackrabbits football team\nThe team's statistical leaders included Jim Vacura with 455 rushing yards and Ron LaVallee with 603 passing yards. Guard Les Spanjers was selected as the NCC's Most Valuable Player. Other key players included end Ellis Jenson, tackle Wayne Haensel, and backs Al Breske and Ron LaVallee.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 49], "section_span": [49, 49], "content_span": [50, 336]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075181-0000-0000", "contents": "1957 Southern 500\nThe 1957 Southern 500, the eighth running of the event, was a NASCAR Grand National Series event that was held on September 2, 1957, at Darlington Raceway in Darlington, South Carolina.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [17, 17], "content_span": [18, 203]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075181-0001-0000", "contents": "1957 Southern 500\nHerb Thomas, already a three-time Southern 500 winner, arrived in Darlington in a visibly shaken state. Thomas finally gave up his ride to Fonty Flock stating that he was just too nervous to drive the race.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [17, 17], "content_span": [18, 224]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075181-0002-0000", "contents": "1957 Southern 500, Background\nDarlington Raceway, nicknamed by many NASCAR fans and drivers as \"The Lady in Black\" or \"The Track Too Tough to Tame\" and advertised as a \"NASCAR Tradition\", is a race track built for NASCAR racing located near Darlington, South Carolina. It is of a unique, somewhat egg-shaped design, an oval with the ends of very different configurations, a condition which supposedly arose from the proximity of one end of the track to a minnow pond the owner refused to relocate. This situation makes it very challenging for the crews to set up their cars' handling in a way that will be effective at both ends.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 29], "content_span": [30, 629]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075181-0003-0000", "contents": "1957 Southern 500, Background\nThe track is a four-turn 1.366 miles (2.198\u00a0km) oval. The track's first two turns are banked at twenty-five degrees, while the final two turns are banked two degrees lower at twenty-three degrees. The front stretch (the location of the finish line) and the back stretch is banked at six degrees. Darlington Raceway can seat up to 60,000 people.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 29], "content_span": [30, 374]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075181-0004-0000", "contents": "1957 Southern 500, Background\nDarlington has something of a legendary quality among drivers and older fans; this is probably due to its long track length relative to other NASCAR speedways of its era and hence the first venue where many of them became cognizant of the truly high speeds that stock cars could achieve on a long track. The track allegedly earned the moniker The Lady in Black because the night before the race the track maintenance crew would cover the entire track with fresh asphalt sealant, in the early years of the speedway, thus making the racing surface dark black.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 29], "content_span": [30, 587]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075181-0004-0001", "contents": "1957 Southern 500, Background\nDarlington is also known as \"The Track Too Tough to Tame\" because drivers can run lap after lap without a problem and then bounce off of the wall the following lap. Racers will frequently explain that they have to race the racetrack, not their competition. Drivers hitting the wall are considered to have received their \"Darlington Stripe\" thanks to the missing paint on the right side of the car.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 29], "content_span": [30, 427]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075181-0005-0000", "contents": "1957 Southern 500, Race report\nThe event took five hours and one second to complete on a paved oval track spanning 1.375 miles (2.213\u00a0km) for a distance of 500.5 miles (805.5\u00a0km). Seventy-five thousand fans attended. Billy Carden qualified for this event in 45th place and finished in 6th place. The most notable crew chiefs for this race were Jess Potter, Bud Moore, Shorty Johns and Ray Fox.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 30], "content_span": [31, 393]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075181-0006-0000", "contents": "1957 Southern 500, Race report\nSpeedy Thompson defeated Cotton Owens by three laps at an average speed of 100.094 miles per hour (161.086\u00a0km/h). Thompson drove the iconic 1957 Chevrolet during that race; that vehicle went on to win the 1958 and the 1959 runnings of the Southern 500. Owens won the pole position with a speed of 117.416 miles per hour (188.963\u00a0km/h) during qualifying. Speedy Thompson would record his only Southern 500 victory here even though he would win on other paved superspeedways.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 30], "content_span": [31, 504]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075181-0007-0000", "contents": "1957 Southern 500, Race report\nT.A. Toomes received the last-place finish due to a problem with his brakes on lap 3 out of 364. Runt Harris returned to NASCAR after a 7-year absence, driving his way to a 39th-place finish after his vehicle developed problems with its clutch. Former Cup series race winner Bill Blair made his only start of the 1957 NASCAR Grand National Series season; finishing in 38th place after inflicting terminal damage to his vehicle.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 30], "content_span": [31, 458]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075181-0008-0000", "contents": "1957 Southern 500, Race report\nBrownie King was 59 laps down; he started in 31st and managed to improve his position to 21st place. However, he was unable to properly compete for a win or even a finish in the top-15.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 30], "content_span": [31, 216]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075181-0009-0000", "contents": "1957 Southern 500, Race report\nBobby Myers lost his life as a result of a race-related crash; Fonty Flock and Paul Goldsmith were also involved in this accident. The technology found in the modern NASCAR Cup Series vehicles could have saved Myers' life, and it's a shame because Myers had a promising career in NASCAR racing.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 30], "content_span": [31, 325]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075181-0010-0000", "contents": "1957 Southern 500, Race report\nGeorge Parrish made a notable appearance in this race using a 1956 Studebaker Golden Hawk; he witnessed the fatal crash of Bobby Myers at close range. Parrish retired after the 1958 NASCAR Cup Series season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 30], "content_span": [31, 238]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075181-0011-0000", "contents": "1957 Southern 500, Race report\nAs a rookie, Cale Yarborough made his NASCAR debut here and finished in 42nd place (out of 50 drivers). Fonty Flock retired after this race.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 30], "content_span": [31, 171]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075181-0012-0000", "contents": "1957 Southern 500, Race report, Qualifying\nFailed to qualify: Eddie Skinner (#28), Ted Chamberlain (#93), Joe Eubanks (#82), Fred Knapp (#37), Duke DeBrizzi (#81), Dave Terrell (#9), Larry Frank (#76), Bill Widenhouse (#5), Arden Mounts (#18), Bob Whitmire (#61), Barney Smith (#16), Jim Linke (#81)", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 42], "content_span": [43, 299]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075182-0000-0000", "contents": "1957 Southern Area League\nThe 1957 Southern Area League was the fourth season of the Southern Area League but the first as the regional second tier of speedway racing in the United Kingdom for Southern British teams.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [25, 25], "content_span": [26, 216]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075182-0001-0000", "contents": "1957 Southern Area League, Summary\nCalifornia Poppies were no longer competitors with the promotion and nickname moving to Aldershot. Southern Rovers who had no track in the previous season had found a home at Rayleigh", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [27, 34], "content_span": [35, 218]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075183-0000-0000", "contents": "1957 Southern Cameroons parliamentary election\nParliamentary elections were held in Southern Cameroons in March 1957. The Kamerun National Congress emerged as the largest party, winning six of the 13 seats in the House of Assembly.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 46], "section_span": [46, 46], "content_span": [47, 231]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075184-0000-0000", "contents": "1957 Southern Conference Men's Basketball Tournament\nThe 1957 Southern Conference Men's Basketball Tournament took place from March 7\u20139, 1957 at the Richmond Arena in Richmond, Virginia. The West Virginia Mountaineeers, led by head coach Fred Schaus, won their third Southern Conference title and received the automatic berth to the 1957 NCAA Tournament.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 52], "section_span": [52, 52], "content_span": [53, 354]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075184-0001-0000", "contents": "1957 Southern Conference Men's Basketball Tournament, Format\nThe top eight finishers of the conference's ten members were eligible for the tournament. Teams were seeded based on conference winning percentage. The tournament used a preset bracket consisting of three rounds.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 52], "section_span": [54, 60], "content_span": [61, 273]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075185-0000-0000", "contents": "1957 Southern Illinois Salukis football team\nThe 1957 Southern Illinois Salukis football team was an American football team that represented Southern Illinois University (now known as Southern Illinois University Carbondale) in the Interstate Intercollegiate Athletic Conference (IIAC) during the 1957 NCAA College Division football season. Under third-year head coach Albert Kawal, the team compiled a 5\u20134 record. The team played its home games at McAndrew Stadium in Carbondale, Illinois.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [44, 44], "content_span": [45, 490]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075186-0000-0000", "contents": "1957 Southwestern Louisiana Bulldogs football team\nThe 1957 Southwestern Louisiana Bulldogs football team was an American football team that represented the Southwestern Louisiana Institute of Liberal and Technical Learning (now known as the University of Louisiana at Lafayette) in the Gulf States Conference during the 1957 NCAA College Division football season. In their first year under head coach John Robert Bell, the team compiled a 4\u20135\u20131 record.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 50], "section_span": [50, 50], "content_span": [51, 453]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075187-0000-0000", "contents": "1957 Soviet Class B\nFollowing are the results of the 1957 Soviet First League football championship. FC Avangard Leningrad winning the championship.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [19, 19], "content_span": [20, 148]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075188-0000-0000", "contents": "1957 Soviet Cup\nThe 1957 Soviet Cup was an association football cup competition of the Soviet Union.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 15], "section_span": [15, 15], "content_span": [16, 100]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075189-0000-0000", "contents": "1957 Soviet Top League\n12 teams took part in the league with FC Dynamo Moscow winning the championship.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [22, 22], "content_span": [23, 103]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075190-0000-0000", "contents": "1957 Soviet nuclear tests\nThe Soviet Union's 1957 nuclear test series was a group of 16 nuclear tests conducted in 1957. These tests followed the 1956 Soviet nuclear tests series and preceded the 1958 Soviet nuclear tests series.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [25, 25], "content_span": [26, 229]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075191-0000-0000", "contents": "1957 Special Honours (New Zealand)\nThe 1957 Special Honours in New Zealand was a Special Honours List, dated 23 September, in which the outgoing prime minister was recognised.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [34, 34], "content_span": [35, 175]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075192-0000-0000", "contents": "1957 Speedway National League\nThe 1957 National League was the 23rd season and the twelfth post-war season of the highest tier of motorcycle speedway in Great Britain.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [29, 29], "content_span": [30, 167]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075192-0001-0000", "contents": "1957 Speedway National League, Summary\nThe closure of Wembley Lions, Bradford Tudors and Poole Pirates left the league with only four teams, so the seven sides in Division Two merged to make an eleven-team first tier and so Division Two became defunct.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 38], "content_span": [39, 252]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075192-0002-0000", "contents": "1957 Speedway National League, Summary\nBradford Tudors returned to replace Birmingham Brummies mid-season and Swindon Robins followed up their Division Two title in 1956 with the Division One title in 1957.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 38], "content_span": [39, 206]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075193-0000-0000", "contents": "1957 St. Louis Cardinals season\nThe 1957 St. Louis Cardinals season was the team's 76th season in St. Louis, Missouri and its 66th season in the National League. The Cardinals went 87\u201367 during the season and finished second in the National League, eight games behind the Milwaukee Braves.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [31, 31], "content_span": [32, 289]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075193-0001-0000", "contents": "1957 St. Louis Cardinals season, Player stats, Batting, Starters by position\nNote: Pos = Position; G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 76], "content_span": [77, 201]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075193-0002-0000", "contents": "1957 St. Louis Cardinals season, Player stats, Batting, Other batters\nNote: G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 69], "content_span": [70, 178]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075193-0003-0000", "contents": "1957 St. Louis Cardinals season, Player stats, Pitching, Starting pitchers\nNote: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 74], "content_span": [75, 185]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075193-0004-0000", "contents": "1957 St. Louis Cardinals season, Player stats, Pitching, Other pitchers\nNote: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 71], "content_span": [72, 182]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075193-0005-0000", "contents": "1957 St. Louis Cardinals season, Player stats, Pitching, Relief pitchers\nNote: G = Games pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; SV = Saves; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 72], "content_span": [73, 173]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075194-0000-0000", "contents": "1957 Stanford Indians football team\nThe 1957 Stanford Indians football team represented Stanford University in the 1957 NCAA University Division football season. The team was coached by Chuck Taylor in his seventh year as head coach. Taylor was a popular coach who had led the Indians to the 1952 Rose Bowl and who had been an  All-American player for the Indians who starred on the undefeated 1940 \"Wow Boys\" team that won the 1941 Rose Bowl and the national championship in several polls. Just before the team's final game against archrival California, Taylor announced he was retiring as head coach to become assistant athletic director of the university.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [35, 35], "content_span": [36, 658]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075194-0001-0000", "contents": "1957 Stanford Indians football team, Game summaries, California\nThe 60th Big Game was held just a few days after Stanford head coach Taylor announced he would step down following the end of the season to serve as the school's assistant athletic director. Coming into the game, the Indians had won just once in Taylor's 6 previous Big Games, but vowed to win this game for their beloved head coach. Although Stanford had relied on its passing attack from quarterback Jack Douglas all season, it was the running game that gave the team the lead in the second quarter on fullback Chuck Shea's 9-yard run.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 63], "content_span": [64, 601]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075194-0001-0001", "contents": "1957 Stanford Indians football team, Game summaries, California\nShea would rush for 155 yards on the day. California answered, but the point after was blocked, and Stanford nursed a 7\u20136 lead into the third quarter, when Douglas ran in for another score. California answered late, but the Indians held on to fulfill their vow to their outgoing coach and bring the overall Big Game series record at 25\u201325\u201310. Taylor would become Stanford's athletic director in 1963 and serve in that role until 1971.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 63], "content_span": [64, 498]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075195-0000-0000", "contents": "1957 Stanley Cup Finals\nThe 1957 Stanley Cup Finals was the championship series of the National Hockey League's (NHL) 1956\u201357 season, and the culmination of the 1957 Stanley Cup playoffs. It was contested between the defending champion Montreal Canadiens and the Boston Bruins. The Canadiens were making their seventh consecutive Final appearance, while Boston was making their first appearance since their 1953 loss to Montreal. The Canadiens won the series, four games to one, for their second straight Cup victory.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [23, 23], "content_span": [24, 517]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075195-0001-0000", "contents": "1957 Stanley Cup Finals, Paths to the Finals\nMontreal defeated the New York Rangers 4\u20131 to reach the final. Boston defeated the Detroit Red Wings 4\u20131 to reach the final.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 44], "content_span": [45, 169]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075195-0002-0000", "contents": "1957 Stanley Cup Finals, Game summaries\nRocket Richard scored four times in game one, including three in the second period, to tie Ted Lindsay's record, set in 1955 for a winning Detroit team. Jacques Plante held the Bruins to just six goals in the five games, four of which were scored by Fleming Mackell.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 39], "content_span": [40, 306]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075195-0003-0000", "contents": "1957 Stanley Cup Finals, Stanley Cup engraving\nThe 1957 Stanley Cup was presented to Canadiens captain Maurice Richard by NHL President Clarence Campbell following the Canadiens 5\u20131 win over the Bruins in game five.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 46], "content_span": [47, 215]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075195-0004-0000", "contents": "1957 Stanley Cup Finals, Stanley Cup engraving\nThe following Canadiens players and staff had their names engraved on the Stanley Cup", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 46], "content_span": [47, 132]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075196-0000-0000", "contents": "1957 Star World Championship\nThe 1957 Star World Championship was held in Havana, Cuba in 1957.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [28, 28], "content_span": [29, 95]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075197-0000-0000", "contents": "1957 Sugar Bowl\nThe 1957 Sugar Bowl to the featured the second-ranked Tennessee Volunteers and the 11th-ranked Baylor Bears. Behind a strong defense, the Baylor Bears upset undefeated Tennessee.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 15], "section_span": [15, 15], "content_span": [16, 194]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075197-0001-0000", "contents": "1957 Sugar Bowl\nAfter a scoreless first quarter of play, Baylor scored on a 12-yard scoring pass from quarterback Bobby Jones to Jerry Marcontell to take a 6\u20130 lead. The score was set up by Del Shofner's 54-yard run. In the third stanza, quarterback Johnny Majors scored on a 1-yard touchdown run to put Tennessee on top at 7\u20136. In the fourth quarter, Buddy Humphrey's one-yard touchdown run gave Baylor a 13\u20136 advantage. Baylor's defense provided the difference as they didn't allow any more points.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 15], "section_span": [15, 15], "content_span": [16, 500]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075198-0000-0000", "contents": "1957 Summer Deaflympics\nThe 1957 Summer Deaflympics (Italian: 1957 Olimpiadi estive per sordi) officially known as 8th Summer Deaflympics (Italian: 8\u00b0 Olimpiadi estive per i sordi) is an international multi-sport event that was held from 25 August 1957 to 30 August 1957. This event was hosted by Milan, Italy.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [23, 23], "content_span": [24, 310]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075199-0000-0000", "contents": "1957 Sun Bowl\nThe 1957 Sun Bowl was a college football postseason bowl game between the George Washington Colonials and the Texas Western Miners.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 13], "section_span": [13, 13], "content_span": [14, 145]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075199-0001-0000", "contents": "1957 Sun Bowl, Background\nThe Miners were in their fourth Sun Bowl of the 1950s in the final year for coach Mike Brumbelow. Don Maynard was part of the Miner backfield. The Miners won the Border Intercollegiate Athletic Association championship with a 5-0 conference record, their first ever conference title. The Colonials had just one loss on the season (to West Virginia) and one tie (to Boston) while finishing second in the Southern Conference, but the Colonials were 17th ranked going into their first ever bowl game, though the Miners were favored due to the game being played at the Miners' home field.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 13], "section_span": [15, 25], "content_span": [26, 610]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075199-0002-0000", "contents": "1957 Sun Bowl, Game summary\nDefense proved to be the key ingredient for victory, as the Colonials forced six turnovers and scored a few points of their own in the process. While the Miners stopped the Colonials twice in the first quarter near the endzone, they could not stop them the third time as Ray Looney threw a pass to Paul Thompson, who ran into the end zone for the touchdown. Only 28% of the passes in the game combined were caught (7 out of 25), with three being intercepted. Ted Colna intercepted a pass and Pete Spera ran in for a touchdown to seal the game for the Colonials in the fourth. Claude Austin ran for 98 yards on 18 carries to earn MVP honors. This was the first shutout since Southwestern did it against Mexico in 1945.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 13], "section_span": [15, 27], "content_span": [28, 745]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075199-0003-0000", "contents": "1957 Sun Bowl, Aftermath\nThe Colonials would not return to a bowl game before they disbanded in 1967. The Miners would return to the Sun Bowl eight years later.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 13], "section_span": [15, 24], "content_span": [25, 160]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075200-0000-0000", "contents": "1957 Swedish Grand Prix\nThe 1957 Sveriges Grand Prix took place on 11 August, at the Rabel\u00f6vsbanan, Kristianstad. Although this was the third running of the race, it was the last time as round of the F.I.A. World Sports Car Championship, and to sportscar regulations. Held on the same bumpy circuit as in 1956, the race differed this time, as it was for a period of six hours, instead of 1,000\u00a0km, it being felt that a time race would be more acceptable to the Swedish public.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [23, 23], "content_span": [24, 476]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075200-0001-0000", "contents": "1957 Swedish Grand Prix, Report, Entry\nA grand total of 32 racing cars were registered for this event, of which 30 arrived for practice and 29 for qualified to race. Of the big manufacturers only Ferrari and Maserati entered official works teams, Jaguar fortunes being left in the hands of privateers, Ecurie Ecosse and Equipe Nationale Belge, which provided to being very successful at Le Mans in the previous round. As for Aston Martin, not a single car was to be seen in Sweden. The Officine Alfieri Maserati had two 450Ss, both being a Spyder version. They were backed-up by two Maserati 300Ss.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 38], "content_span": [39, 598]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075200-0001-0001", "contents": "1957 Swedish Grand Prix, Report, Entry\nAs for drivers, the team had the choice of Stirling Moss, Jean Behra, Harry Schell, Giorgio Scarlatti and Jo Bonnier. As for Scuderia Ferrari, their entry consisted of two 335 Ss and a 250 TR, and they had the choice of Mike Hawthorn, Peter Collins, Luigi Musso, Phil Hill, Maurice Trintignant and Olivier Gendebien.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 38], "content_span": [39, 355]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075200-0002-0000", "contents": "1957 Swedish Grand Prix, Report, Entry\nAs for Le Mans winners, Ecurie Ecosse had two Jaguar D-Types presented for Jack Fairman, Jock Lawrence, Ninian Sanderson and Archie Scott Brown. The other Jag was run by the Equipe Nationale Belge and driven by Alain de Changy and Claude Debois. The Belgian outfit was entered three Ferraris and a Porsche 550.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 38], "content_span": [39, 349]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075200-0003-0000", "contents": "1957 Swedish Grand Prix, Report, Qualifying\nDuring the two qualifying sessions held on two days prior to the race, the Maserati of Jean Behra emerged the fastest, putting his 450S on pole.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 43], "content_span": [44, 188]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075200-0004-0000", "contents": "1957 Swedish Grand Prix, Report, Race\nAt 12 noon, in front of 30,000 spectators, Hill was first away, however, Hawthorn soon tore past him into the lead and began to set the early pace, followed by Moss, Sanderson and Masten Gregory, who made a terrific in his smaller Ferrari. Behra who had made a leisurely start, was soon ahead of Gregory to claim fourth. Meanwhile, his team-mate Moss was into his stride and went past Hawthorn giving Maserati the lead.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 37], "content_span": [38, 457]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075200-0004-0001", "contents": "1957 Swedish Grand Prix, Report, Race\nAs for Hawthorn, he had been over using his brakes, while his team-mate Hill was content to take it easy and conserve his brakes, and therefore was not worry Behra passed him. After 30 minutes of racing Moss was leading from Hawthorn by 3 sec followed by Behra, Hill, Gregory, Sanderson, Gendebien, Bonnier and Lawrence. Such was the early pace those eight cars were the only ones on the same lap as the leaders. Shortly after this, Behra moved up into second place. Just a quarter of an hour later, Behra was right behind Moss and then went ahead. As for Hawthorn, he was now 17 sec behind at the end of the first hour.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 37], "content_span": [38, 658]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075200-0005-0000", "contents": "1957 Swedish Grand Prix, Report, Race\nAround the 45-minute mark, the Le Mans winning team, Ecurie Ecosse were as neat and quick as at Circuit de la Sarthe, with Sanderson\u2019s car taken over from Jack Fairman, while Lawrence remained in the other Jag. Around an hour later, Hawthorn brought his Ferrari into the pits, the cars was refuelled and Musso took over the car, and it was seen that the car had been off the road at one point. An early sign, it was running out of brakes.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 37], "content_span": [38, 476]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075200-0005-0001", "contents": "1957 Swedish Grand Prix, Report, Race\nFive minutes later, team-mate Gendebien pitted with a dead engine, and retired, leaving Trintignant among the ranks of the unwanted drivers. Meanwhile, on track Moss and Behra had now settled down to an impressive one-two, the Englishman leading, while Musso, Hill and Bonnier followed. Just after the two-hour mark, Moss brought the lead Maserati into the pits, it was refuelled and Schell took over and when Bonnier pitted, Scarlatti took over, even though the team had said he would be driving with Behra.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 37], "content_span": [38, 546]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075200-0005-0002", "contents": "1957 Swedish Grand Prix, Report, Race\nIt was clear that Maserati plan was to get both their 450S\u2019s in first and second places, using their fastest three drivers, Moss, Behra and Schell. At 2:27pm, Hill came in and gave his car over to Collins, with the Ferrari now in second place, and then three minutes later, Behra came in with the leading Maserati and Moss took it over, spending just 50 seconds changing rear wheels and refuelling whilst retaining the lead. At the same time, Lawrence arrived sideways in the pits with a locking brake, but managed to avoid hitting anything and after a refuel Scott Brown took over. So now the positions were Moss, Collins, Schell, Musso with Scott Brown rounding out the top five.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 37], "content_span": [38, 719]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075200-0006-0000", "contents": "1957 Swedish Grand Prix, Report, Race\nJust before half distance, Schell\u2019s Maserati started making unusual noises, and eventually slowed and pitted. As the drive shaft grease retaining seal had split, the team retired the car. Scarlatti was called into the pits and Schell took over the car. By now Moss\u2019s lead over Collins was 65 seconds, about half-a-lap, with Musso a lap adrift in third. At 3:15pm, the windy dull day, turned worse with pouring rain. Collins started to lost ground rapidly, as his Ferrari\u2019s brakes were being too erratic in the wet conditions, to take any chances. 15 minutes, later Musso trundled slowly towards pits with a punctured rear tyre, dropping the car down to fifth, behind Scott-Brown and Schell. The 30-minute spell of rain, Moss gained another half-a-lap on Collins, giving him a full lap advantage over his countryman.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 37], "content_span": [38, 853]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075200-0007-0000", "contents": "1957 Swedish Grand Prix, Report, Race\nAfter nearly four hours of racing, Moss stopped and handed his Maserati back to Behra, after refuelling it continued without losing the lead, though Collins did un-lap himself. There was just a five-minute rest before Schell was ordered back to the pits and the car handed over to Moss. When the rain stopped and the sun returned, the track dried quickly, so that Collins began to put on speed, but it was not enough to gain in Behra.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 37], "content_span": [38, 472]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075200-0007-0001", "contents": "1957 Swedish Grand Prix, Report, Race\nAs the final hour approached, Hill was ready to take over from Collins and Musso about to switch with Hawthorn, with Ferraris needing just one more fuel stop each. Although the team signalled Collins to pit, Hawthorn arrived pointing at the bonnet. As per normal, the Scuderia mechanics fuelled the car, the oil tank topped up, windscreen cleaned, rear wheels changed, drivers swapped and Musso was off. However, Hawthorn pitted early as the car\u2019s water temperature was high and radiator needed water, not realising the fuel stops were nigh.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 37], "content_span": [38, 579]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075200-0008-0000", "contents": "1957 Swedish Grand Prix, Report, Race\nBy now, Fairman was in trouble with his Jaguar having only second gear available in him. With just 45 minutes remaining, Musso suddenly pits with a smoking Ferrari. This was found to be a broken pipe with as leaking onto the exhaust system. The Scuderia mechanics hammered the offending pip flat, and Musso returned to the race with only three brakes. This resulted in Moss moving up the fourth in the 300S.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 37], "content_span": [38, 445]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075200-0009-0000", "contents": "1957 Swedish Grand Prix, Report, Race\nWith only 15 minutes left the Scott Brown Jaguar, now being driven by Lawrence, was being caught by Moss, while Behra was safely in the lead, letting Hill un-lap himself, knowing that as long as he can see the Ferrari, he will win the race. Suddenly Lawrence oil pip broke, spraying him with oil. In the confusion, he hit a bank and split the fuel tank, so that Ecurie Ecosse hopes were over, as Fairman was still running with his gearbox troubles.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 37], "content_span": [38, 486]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075200-0010-0000", "contents": "1957 Swedish Grand Prix, Report, Race\nWhen the chequered flag fell, Behra won, with Hill second in the Ferrari. Moss came home in third in the older, smaller Maserati, while Musso took fourth. Behra and Moss in car number 7, took an impressive victory, winning in a time of 6hrs :01.01.1 mins., averaging a speed of 97.886mph. In second was the Ferrari of Hill and Collins, one lap adrift. Although Maserati had achieved the win, their Italian rivals were still ahead in Championship points, thanks to Hill and Collins.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 37], "content_span": [38, 519]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075200-0011-0000", "contents": "1957 Swedish Grand Prix, Standings after the race\nChampionship points were awarded for the first six places in each race in the order of 8-6-4-3-2-1. Manufacturers were only awarded points for their highest finishing car with no points awarded for positions filled by additional cars. Only the best 4 results out of the 7 races could be retained by each manufacturer. Points earned but not counted towards the championship totals are listed within brackets in the above table.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 49], "content_span": [50, 476]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075201-0000-0000", "contents": "1957 Swedish pensions system referendum\nA non-binding referendum on reforming the pensions system was held in Sweden on 13 October 1957. Three proposals were put to voters:", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [39, 39], "content_span": [40, 172]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075201-0001-0000", "contents": "1957 Swedish pensions system referendum\nThe Social Democrats and Communist Party supported option 1, the Center Party supported option 2 and the People's Party and the Right Wing Party supported option 3.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [39, 39], "content_span": [40, 204]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075201-0002-0000", "contents": "1957 Swedish pensions system referendum\nThe first option won a plurality of the vote, receiving 45.8% of the ballots cast. Option 2 was the least popular, receiving only 15% of the votes.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [39, 39], "content_span": [40, 187]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075202-0000-0000", "contents": "1957 Swiss referendums\nFour referendums were held in Switzerland during 1957. The first two were held on 3 March on a federal resolutions on introducing two new articles to the federal constitution; 22bis concerning civil protection and 36bis on radio and television. Both were rejected. The third and fourth were held on 24 November on introducing another article to the constitution (24 quinquies concerning nuclear power and protection from radiation) and a federal resolution on prolonging the federal breadstuffs law. Both were approved.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [22, 22], "content_span": [23, 542]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075203-0000-0000", "contents": "1957 Sydney to Hobart Yacht Race\nThe 1957 Sydney to Hobart Yacht Race, was the 13th annual running of the \"blue water classic\" Sydney to Hobart Yacht Race.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [32, 32], "content_span": [33, 155]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075203-0001-0000", "contents": "1957 Sydney to Hobart Yacht Race\nHosted by the Cruising Yacht Club of Australia based in Sydney, New South Wales, the 1957 edition began on Sydney Harbour, at noon on Boxing Day (26 December), before heading south for 630 nautical miles (1,170\u00a0km) through the Tasman Sea, past Bass Strait, into Storm Bay and up the River Derwent, to cross the finish line in Hobart, Tasmania.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [32, 32], "content_span": [33, 376]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075203-0002-0000", "contents": "1957 Sydney to Hobart Yacht Race\nThe 1957 Sydney to Hobart Yacht Race comprised a fleet of 20 competitors, a decrease of 8 yachts from the number in the 1956 race. Line-honours were awarded to Kurrewa IV, which raced out of New South Wales and was owned and skippered by brother's J. & F. Livingston.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [32, 32], "content_span": [33, 300]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075203-0003-0000", "contents": "1957 Sydney to Hobart Yacht Race, 1957 fleet\n20 yachts registered to begin the 1956 Sydney to Hobart Yacht race. They are:", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 44], "content_span": [45, 122]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075204-0000-0000", "contents": "1957 Sylvania Television Awards\nThe 1957 Sylvania Television Awards were presented on January 15, 1958, at the Plaza Hotel in New York City. Don Ameche was the master of ceremonies. The Sylvania Awards were established by Sylvania Electric Products.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [31, 31], "content_span": [32, 249]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075205-0000-0000", "contents": "1957 Syracuse Grand Prix\nThe 7th Syracuse Grand Prix was a motor race, run to Formula One rules, held on 7 April 1957 at Syracuse Circuit, Sicily. The race was run over 80 laps of the circuit, and was won by British driver Peter Collins in a Lancia-Ferrari D50, who also took pole position. Stirling Moss, driving a Vanwall, set fastest lap.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [24, 24], "content_span": [25, 341]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075206-0000-0000", "contents": "1957 Syracuse Orangemen football team\nThe 1957 Syracuse Orangemen football team represented Syracuse University in the 1957 NCAA University Division football season. The Orangemen were led by ninth-year head coach Ben Schwartzwalder and played their home games at Archbold Stadium in Syracuse, New York. Syracuse finished with a record of 5\u20133\u20131 and were not invited to a bowl game.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [37, 37], "content_span": [38, 381]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075207-0000-0000", "contents": "1957 S\u00e3o Paulo FC season\nThe 1957 football season was S\u00e3o Paulo's 28th season since club's existence.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [24, 24], "content_span": [25, 101]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075208-0000-0000", "contents": "1957 TANFL season\nThe 1957 Tasmanian Australian National Football League (TANFL) premiership season was an Australian Rules football competition staged in Hobart, Tasmania over eighteen (18) roster rounds and four (4) finals series matches between 13 April and 28 September 1957.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [17, 17], "content_span": [18, 279]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075208-0001-0000", "contents": "1957 TANFL season\nNew Town District Football Club relocated from the New Town Oval to KGV Park in Glenorchy from this season and absorbed the already existing Glenorchy Rovers club that was participating in the Southern District Football Association at that time, the name change to Glenorchy District Football Club was approved by the TANFL on 8 April 1957. The KGV Memorial Park (as it was then known) was extensively renovated and opened for use for TANFL football on 4 May by Glenorchy Municipal Council Warden, Mr J.E Percey and by Mr Eric O'Brien, the oldest surviving player from the Glenorchy Rovers team of 1886.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [17, 17], "content_span": [18, 621]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075208-0002-0000", "contents": "1957 TANFL season, 1957 TANFL Ladder, Round 1\n(Saturday, 13 April. Saturday, 20 April & Monday, 22 April 1957)", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 45], "content_span": [46, 110]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075208-0003-0000", "contents": "1957 TANFL season, 1957 TANFL Ladder, Grand Final\nSource: All scores and statistics courtesy of the Hobart Mercury and Saturday Evening Mercury (SEM) publications.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 49], "content_span": [50, 163]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075209-0000-0000", "contents": "1957 TCU Horned Frogs football team\nThe 1957 TCU Horned Frogs football team represented Texas Christian University (TCU) in the 1957 NCAA University Division football season. The Horned Frogs finished the season 5\u20134\u20131 overall and 2\u20134 in the Southwest Conference. The team was coached by Abe Martin in his fifth year as head coach. The Frogs played their home games in Amon G. Carter Stadium, which is located on campus in Fort Worth, Texas.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [35, 35], "content_span": [36, 440]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075210-0000-0000", "contents": "1957 Tampa Spartans football team\nThe 1957 Tampa Spartans football team represented the University of Tampa in the 1957 NCAA College Division football season. It was the Spartans' 21st season. The team was led by head coach Marcelino Huerta, in his sixth year, and played their home games at Phillips Field in Tampa, Florida. They finished with a record of six wins and three losses (6\u20133).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [33, 33], "content_span": [34, 389]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075211-0000-0000", "contents": "1957 Tangerine Bowl\nThe 1957 Tangerine Bowl was an American college football bowl game played on January 1, 1957 at Tangerine Bowl in Orlando, Florida. The game pitted the Mississippi Southern Southerners (today's Southern Miss) and the West Texas State Buffaloes (now West Texas A&M).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [19, 19], "content_span": [20, 285]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075211-0001-0000", "contents": "1957 Tangerine Bowl, Background\nThe Buffaloes finished 3rd in the Border Conference, but they still managed to get invited to the Tangerine Bowl, their second bowl appearance in seven seasons. The Southerners, an NCAA College Division independent, finished 7\u20131\u20131 while being invited to their third bowl game in four years.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [21, 31], "content_span": [32, 322]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075211-0002-0000", "contents": "1957 Tangerine Bowl, Game summary\nMississippi Southern built a 13\u20130 halftime lead on a J.C. Arvan \"Statue of Liberty\" touchdown play from 51 yards out along with a 53-yard touchdown pass from Bobby Hughes to Jerry Taylor. However, Ron Mills intercepted an Eagle pass and returned it 75 yards for a touchdown to make it 13\u20136. Mills added a two-yard plunge to tie the game at 13. Quarterback Bubba Hillman rushed for 19 yards and the touchdown that proved to be the winning points for West Texas State.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [21, 33], "content_span": [34, 500]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075211-0003-0000", "contents": "1957 Tangerine Bowl, Aftermath\nThe Southerners return to the next Tangerine Bowl a year later. The Buffaloes' next bowl game was the 1962 Sun Bowl.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [21, 30], "content_span": [31, 147]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075212-0000-0000", "contents": "1957 Ta\u00e7a de Portugal Final\nThe 1957 Ta\u00e7a de Portugal Final was the final match of the 1956\u201357 Ta\u00e7a de Portugal, the 17th season of the Ta\u00e7a de Portugal, the premier Portuguese football cup competition organized by the Portuguese Football Federation (FPF). The match was played on 2 June 1957 at the Est\u00e1dio Nacional in Oeiras, and opposed two Primeira Liga sides: Benfica and Sporting da Covilh\u00e3. Benfica defeated Sporting da Covilh\u00e3 3\u20131 to claim a ninth Ta\u00e7a de Portugal.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [27, 27], "content_span": [28, 473]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075213-0000-0000", "contents": "1957 Team Speedway Polish Championship\n1957 Team Speedway Polish Championship season was the tenth season and is used to determine the Team Polish Champion.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [38, 38], "content_span": [39, 156]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075213-0001-0000", "contents": "1957 Team Speedway Polish Championship, Rules\nIn First and Second League, matches were played with part two teams, with it playing it matches return. It made up the team six riders plus two reserve. The score of heat: 3-2-1-0. Mecz consisted with 13 heats. For winning game team received 2 points, draw - 1 point, lost - 0 points. The riders from main squad started in match four times. The quantity of small points was added up.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 45], "content_span": [46, 429]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075213-0002-0000", "contents": "1957 Team Speedway Polish Championship, Rules\nIn Third League, matches were played with part two teams, with it playing it matches return. It made up the team six riders plus two reserve. The score of heat: 3-2-1-0. Mecz consisted with 9 heats. For winning game team received 2 points, draw - 1 point, lost - 0 points. The riders from main squad started in match three times. The quantity of small points was added up.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 45], "content_span": [46, 418]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075213-0003-0000", "contents": "1957 Team Speedway Polish Championship, Third League, South Group\nAfter season, AMK Krak\u00f3w was dissolved. In Krak\u00f3w was created two new club: Cracovia Krak\u00f3w i Wanda Nowa Huta.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 65], "content_span": [66, 176]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075214-0000-0000", "contents": "1957 Temple Owls football team\nThe 1957 Temple Owls football team was an American football team that represented Temple University as an independent during the 1957 NCAA College Division football season. In its second season under head coach Peter P. Stevens, the team compiled a 1\u20136 record. The team played its home games at Temple Stadium in Philadelphia.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [30, 30], "content_span": [31, 357]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075214-0001-0000", "contents": "1957 Temple Owls football team\nTemple did not play its scheduled date with the University of Scranton on Oct. 26, as an outbreak of Asian flu affecting more than a dozen of the Royals' players prompted Scranton to cancel the game.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [30, 30], "content_span": [31, 230]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075214-0002-0000", "contents": "1957 Temple Owls football team\nThe Owls began a 21-game losing streak (the longest in school history) on November 2, 1957; they did not win another game until September 24, 1960.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [30, 30], "content_span": [31, 178]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075215-0000-0000", "contents": "1957 Tennessee Volunteers football team\nThe 1957 Tennessee Volunteers (variously Tennessee, UT, or the Vols) represented the University of Tennessee in the 1957 NCAA University Division football season. Playing as a member of the Southeastern Conference (SEC), the team was led by head coach Bowden Wyatt, in his third year, and played their home games at Shields\u2013Watkins Field in Knoxville, Tennessee. They finished the season with a record of eight wins and three losses (8\u20133 overall, 4\u20133 in the SEC) and with a victory over Texas A&M in the 1957 Gator Bowl.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [39, 39], "content_span": [40, 560]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075216-0000-0000", "contents": "1957 Texas A&M Aggies football team\nThe 1957 Texas A&M Aggies football team represented Texas A&M University in the 1957 NCAA University Division football season. The Aggies offense scored 158 points while the defense allowed 50points. Led by head coach Bear Bryant, the Aggies competed in the Gator Bowl.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [35, 35], "content_span": [36, 305]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075217-0000-0000", "contents": "1957 Texas Longhorns baseball team\nThe 1957 Texas Longhorns baseball team represented the University of Texas at Austin in the 1957 NCAA University Division baseball season. The Longhorns played their home games at Clark Field. The team was coached by Bibb Falk in his 15th season at Texas.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [34, 34], "content_span": [35, 290]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075217-0001-0000", "contents": "1957 Texas Longhorns baseball team\nThe Longhorns reached the College World Series, but were eliminated by Notre Dame in the quarterfinal.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [34, 34], "content_span": [35, 137]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075218-0000-0000", "contents": "1957 Texas Longhorns football team\nThe 1957 Texas Longhorns football team represented the University of Texas at Austin during the 1957 NCAA University Division football season. This was the first year as head coach for future College Football Hall of Fame coach, Darrell Royal. On Thanksgiving Day, Texas upset #4 Texas A&M, led Heisman Trophy winner John David Crow, at Kyle Field, 9\u20137.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [34, 34], "content_span": [35, 388]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075219-0000-0000", "contents": "1957 Texas Tech Red Raiders football team\nThe 1957 Texas Tech Red Raiders football team represented Texas Tech University as an independent during the 1957 NCAA University Division football season. In their seventh season under head coach DeWitt Weaver, the Red Raiders compiled a 2\u20138 record and were outscored by opponents by a combined total of 190 to 120. The team's statistical leaders included Jerry Bell with 489 passing yards, Ronnie Rice with 426 rushing yards, and Jimmie Knox with 201 receiving yards. The team played its home games at Clifford B. and Audrey Jones Stadium.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 41], "section_span": [41, 41], "content_span": [42, 583]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075220-0000-0000", "contents": "1957 Texas Western Miners football team\nThe 1957 Texas Western Miners football team was an American football team that represented Texas Western College (now known as University of Texas at El Paso) as a member of the Border Conference during the 1957 NCAA University Division football season. In its first season under head coach Ben Collins, the team compiled a 6\u20133 record (3\u20132 against Border Conference opponents), finished third in the conference, and outscored all opponents by a total of 202 to 168.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [39, 39], "content_span": [40, 505]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075221-0000-0000", "contents": "1957 The Citadel Bulldogs football team\nThe 1957 The Citadel Bulldogs football team represented The Citadel, The Military College of South Carolina in the 1957 NCAA University Division football season. Eddie Teague served as head coach for the first season. The Bulldogs played as members of the Southern Conference and played home games at Johnson Hagood Stadium.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [39, 39], "content_span": [40, 364]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075222-0000-0000", "contents": "1957 Tipperary Senior Hurling Championship\nThe 1957 Tipperary Senior Hurling Championship was the 67th staging of the Tipperary Senior Hurling Championship since its establishment by the Tipperary County Board in 1887.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 42], "section_span": [42, 42], "content_span": [43, 218]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075222-0001-0000", "contents": "1957 Tipperary Senior Hurling Championship\nOn 15 September 1957, Thurles Sarsfields won the championship after a 4\u201315 to 4\u201304 defeat of Na Piarsaigh in the final at Cashel Sportsfield. It was their 20th championship title overall and their third title in succession.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 42], "section_span": [42, 42], "content_span": [43, 266]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075223-0000-0000", "contents": "1957 Titleholders Championship\nThe 1957 Titleholders Championship was contested from March 14\u201317 at Augusta Country Club. It was the 18th edition of the Titleholders Championship.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [30, 30], "content_span": [31, 179]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075224-0000-0000", "contents": "1957 Toledo Rockets football team\nThe 1957 Toledo Rockets football team was an American football team that represented Toledo University in the Mid-American Conference (MAC) during the 1957 NCAA University Division football season. In their first season under head coach Harry Larche, the Rockets compiled a 5\u20134 record (3\u20132 against MAC opponents), finished in fourth place in the MAC, and were outscored by their opponents by a combined total of 147 to 136.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [33, 33], "content_span": [34, 457]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075224-0001-0000", "contents": "1957 Toledo Rockets football team\nThe team's statistical leaders included Sam Tisci with 760 passing yards, Norm Billingslea with 565 rushing yards, and Gene Cook with 495 receiving yards.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [33, 33], "content_span": [34, 188]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075225-0000-0000", "contents": "1957 Torneo God\u00f3\nThe 1957 Torneo God\u00f3 was the fifth edition of the Torneo God\u00f3 annual tennis tournament played on clay courts in Barcelona, Spain and it took place from May 3\u201319, 1957.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 16], "section_span": [16, 16], "content_span": [17, 184]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075226-0000-0000", "contents": "1957 Torneo di Viareggio\nThe 1957 winners of the Torneo di Viareggio (in English, the Viareggio Tournament, officially the Viareggio Cup World Football Tournament Coppa Carnevale), the annual youth football tournament held in Viareggio, Tuscany, are listed below.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [24, 24], "content_span": [25, 263]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075226-0001-0000", "contents": "1957 Torneo di Viareggio, Format\nThe 8 teams are organized in knockout rounds. The round of 8 are played in two-legs, while the rest of the rounds are single tie.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 32], "content_span": [33, 162]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075227-0000-0000", "contents": "1957 Toronto Argonauts season\nThe 1957 Toronto Argonauts finished in fourth place in the Interprovincial Rugby Football Union with a 4\u201310 record and failed to make the playoffs.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [29, 29], "content_span": [30, 177]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075228-0000-0000", "contents": "1957 Tour de France\nThe 1957 Tour de France was the 44th edition of the Tour de France, taking place from 27 June to 20 July. It was composed of 22 stages over 4,669\u00a0km (2,901\u00a0mi).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [19, 19], "content_span": [20, 180]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075228-0001-0000", "contents": "1957 Tour de France\nThe 1957 Tour was the first win for Jacques Anquetil, who won the Tour five times over his career.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [19, 19], "content_span": [20, 118]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075228-0002-0000", "contents": "1957 Tour de France\nThe French national team was very successful in the 1957 Tour de France; not only did they provide the winning cyclist, they also won the team classification, and almost every daily team classification. They lost only one cyclist (the previous year's winner Roger Walkowiak), and had the stage winner 12 times. They had Forestier winning the points classification, and Bergaud second in the mountains classification. Only once they did not have the yellow jersey for the leader in the general classification, when Barone took it after the seventh stage.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [19, 19], "content_span": [20, 573]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075228-0003-0000", "contents": "1957 Tour de France, Innovations and changes\nThe Tour organisation had a conflict with the French television, and as a results there had almost been no live television coverage of the 1957 Tour de France. At the last moment the organisers and the television agreed on how much the television would pay for the right to cover the Tour, and the race was broadcast. For the other journalist, the conditions improved: a mobile press room with modern communication equipment was installed, so the journalists had the best conditions to report.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [21, 44], "content_span": [45, 538]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075228-0004-0000", "contents": "1957 Tour de France, Innovations and changes\nThe cut-off time, which had been set at 10% of the winner in 1956, was reduced to 8% of the winner in 1957. In the seventh and eighth stage it would be 10% of the winner, while in stages 10, 11, 16, 17 and 18 the cut-off time would be 12% of the winner. In each stage, if the number of cyclists removed from the race would be more than 15% of the cyclists that started the stage, the cut-off time would be increased by 2%. The goal of this reduction in cut-off time was to make the race tougher.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [21, 44], "content_span": [45, 540]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075228-0005-0000", "contents": "1957 Tour de France, Innovations and changes\nFor the first time since the introduction of the national team format in 1930, the riders were allowed to have advertising on their jerseys.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [21, 44], "content_span": [45, 185]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075228-0006-0000", "contents": "1957 Tour de France, Pre-race favourites\nThe route of the 1957 Tour de France contained many mountains, so mountain specialists Charly Gaul and Federico Bahamontes were considered favourites. Gaul, had requested to ride in the Dutch team, but this was not allowed.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [21, 40], "content_span": [41, 264]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075228-0007-0000", "contents": "1957 Tour de France, Pre-race favourites\nLouison Bobet and Raphael G\u00e9miniani, two important French cyclists, did not race in 1957, so the French team needed new stars. The team was then built around young Jacques Anquetil, who had broken the hour record earlier that year.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [21, 40], "content_span": [41, 272]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075228-0008-0000", "contents": "1957 Tour de France, Pre-race favourites\nThe riders who had been favourites in previous years had stopped (Fausto Coppi), had lost their greatness (Hugo Koblet), or had chosen not to participate (Louison Bobet). As a result, there was no outspoken favourite. Roger Walkowiak, who had won the previous edition, had not shown good results since. Charly Gaul had lost the 1957 Giro d'Italia when he was almost sure of winning it, so he was not considered to be in great form. Gastone Nencini, who won the 1957 Giro, was not considered constant enough. The Spanish team was considered the best Spanish team ever, but they were more favourite for the mountain classification than for the general classification. And the Belgian team was focussed around Jan Adriaensens.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [21, 40], "content_span": [41, 764]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075228-0009-0000", "contents": "1957 Tour de France, Route and stages\nThe 1957 Tour de France started on 27 June, and had two rest days, in Thonon-les-Bains and Barcelona, although the second rest day had a short time trial of less than 10\u00a0km. The highest point of elevation in the race was 2,556\u00a0m (8,386\u00a0ft) at the summit tunnel of the Col du Galibier mountain pass on stage 10.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [21, 37], "content_span": [38, 348]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075228-0010-0000", "contents": "1957 Tour de France, Route and stages\nEvery stage had a winning cyclist (the cyclist who crossed the finish line first, or in case of a time trial who took the shortest time to complete the course) and a team that wins the daily team classification (the team of which the three best cyclists had the lowest accumulated time). The cyclist who wins the stage therefore is not always part of the team that wins the daily team classification.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [21, 37], "content_span": [38, 438]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075228-0010-0001", "contents": "1957 Tour de France, Route and stages\nIn 1957, the split stages were numbered differently: the third stage consisted of the team time trial and the stage from Caen to Rouen but they were not called 3a and 3b; the fifteenth stage was only the stage from Perpignan to Barcelona, and the short individual time trial was referred to as the time trial between stage 15 and 16, without number.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [21, 37], "content_span": [38, 387]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075228-0011-0000", "contents": "1957 Tour de France, Race overview\nThe first stage was won by Andr\u00e9 Darrigade, who had also won the first stage in the previous edition. The first stages were run in hot weather, and many cyclists had to give up. After six stages, there were only 83 cyclists remaining, from the 120 that started.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [21, 34], "content_span": [35, 296]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075228-0012-0000", "contents": "1957 Tour de France, Race overview\nIn the second stage, Darrigade's teammate Privat took over the yellow jersey. The Luxembourg favourite, Charly Gaul, abandoned on that stage due to sickness.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [21, 34], "content_span": [35, 192]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075228-0013-0000", "contents": "1957 Tour de France, Race overview\nIn the fifth stage, French cyclist Jacques Anquetil took the lead in the general classification, so in the sixth stage he wore the yellow jersey for the first time in his career. It was too early in the race to defend that jersey, so two days later he allowed regional cyclist Nicolas Barone to take the yellow jersey. One day later the French national team took back the yellow jersey, when Jean Forestier took the lead by 15 minutes.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [21, 34], "content_span": [35, 470]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075228-0014-0000", "contents": "1957 Tour de France, Race overview\nIn the ninth stage, Spanish climber Bahamontes abandoned. In stage 10, the first mountain stage, Anquetil took the lead back. Although Gastone Nencini won the stage, Anquetil was only one and a half minute behind, which was enough. In the second mountain stage the riders remained calm, as the French team was superior and dominated the race.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [21, 34], "content_span": [35, 377]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075228-0015-0000", "contents": "1957 Tour de France, Race overview\nIn the second part of the fifteenth stage, a short time trial of 10\u00a0km, Anquetil won his first time trial in the Tour de France.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [21, 34], "content_span": [35, 163]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075228-0016-0000", "contents": "1957 Tour de France, Race overview\nIn the Pyren\u00e9es from stage 16 to stage 18, the attack on Anquetil's leading position did not take place. In stage 16, the weather had turned bad, with coldness, rain, hail and fog, which made the course dangerous. Several cyclists fell: Nello Lauredi broke his wrist and abandoned the race, and Stanislas Bober had to abandon due to a shoulder injury. The main victims of the bad weather were reporter Alex Virot and his motor cyclist Ren\u00e9 Wagner, who fell from their motor; Virot died on the spot, and the motor cyclist on the way to the hospital. It was the only accident that Wagner ever had in his career.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [21, 34], "content_span": [35, 644]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075228-0017-0000", "contents": "1957 Tour de France, Race overview\nBefore stage 18, the French team had the first three places in the general classification with Anquetil, Forestier and Mah\u00e9. In stage 18, the last mountain stage, Anquetil was in good shape, and he attacked early on. But in the food zone he missed his food bag, and some time later he was out of energy. Several cyclists passed him, but later in the stage Anquetil got help and finished only two and a half minutes after the winner Nencini.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [21, 34], "content_span": [35, 475]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075228-0018-0000", "contents": "1957 Tour de France, Race overview\nMarcel Janssens and Adolf Christian were in the leading group, while Forestier and Mah\u00e9 lost considerable time, so Janssens and Christian took the podium places. Anquetil was still leading, and nobody doubted that he would win the race, especially because there was still an individual time trial coming up, Anquetil's specialty. And indeed, Anquetil won that time trial with a margin of more than two minutes.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [21, 34], "content_span": [35, 445]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075228-0019-0000", "contents": "1957 Tour de France, Classification leadership and minor prizes\nThe time that each cyclist required to finish each stage was recorded, and these times were added together for the general classification. If a cyclist had received a time bonus, it was subtracted from this total; all time penalties were added to this total. The cyclist with the least accumulated time was the race leader, identified by the yellow jersey. Of the 120 cyclists that started the 1957 Tour de France, 56 finished the race.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [21, 63], "content_span": [64, 500]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075228-0020-0000", "contents": "1957 Tour de France, Classification leadership and minor prizes\nThe points classification in 1957 was calculated in the same way as since the introduction in 1953, following the calculation method from the Tours de France from 1905 to 1912. Points were given according to the ranking of the stage: the winner received one points, the next cyclist two points, and so on. These points were added, and the cyclist with the fewest points was the leader of the points classification. In 1957, this was won by Jean Forestier with 301 points. Over 22 stages (including two split stages), this meant that his average stage finish was approximately place 14.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [21, 63], "content_span": [64, 649]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075228-0021-0000", "contents": "1957 Tour de France, Classification leadership and minor prizes\nPoints for the mountains classification were earned by reaching the mountain tops first. The system was almost the same as in 1956: there were three types of mountain tops: the hardest ones, in category 1, gave 10 points to the first cyclist, the easier ones, in category 2, gave 6 points to the first cyclist, and the easiest ones, in category 3, gave 3 points. Gastone Nencini won this classification.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [21, 63], "content_span": [64, 467]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075228-0022-0000", "contents": "1957 Tour de France, Classification leadership and minor prizes\nThe team classification was calculated as the sum of the daily team classifications, and the daily team classification was calculated by adding the times in the stage result of the best three cyclists per team. It was won by the French team, with a large margin over the Italian team. The Luxembourg/Mixed team finished with only one cyclist, so they were not included in the team classification.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [21, 63], "content_span": [64, 460]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075228-0023-0000", "contents": "1957 Tour de France, Classification leadership and minor prizes\nIn addition, there was a combativity award given after each stage to the cyclist considered most combative. The split stages each had a combined winner. The decision was made by a jury composed of journalists who gave points. The cyclist with the most points from votes in all stages led the combativity classification. Nicolas Barone won this classification, and was given overall the super-combativity award. The Souvenir Henri Desgrange was given in honour of Tour founder Henri Desgrange to the first rider to pass a point by his final residence, the \"Villa Mia\" in Beauvallon, Grimaud, on the French Riviera on stage 12. This prize was won by Jean Stablinski.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [21, 63], "content_span": [64, 728]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075228-0024-0000", "contents": "1957 Tour de France, Aftermath\nJacques Anquetil would later win the Tour de France four more times.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [21, 30], "content_span": [31, 99]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075228-0025-0000", "contents": "1957 Tour de France, Aftermath\nFrom 1960 to 1967, the \"Alex Virot award\" was given to the most loyal cyclist, named after the journalist who died during the 1957 Tour de France.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [21, 30], "content_span": [31, 177]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075229-0000-0000", "contents": "1957 Tour de Romandie\nThe 1957 Tour de Romandie was the 11th edition of the Tour de Romandie cycle race and was held from 9 May to 12 May 1957. The race started and finished in Lausanne. The race was won by Jean Forestier.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [21, 21], "content_span": [22, 222]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075230-0000-0000", "contents": "1957 Tour de Suisse\nThe 1957 Tour de Suisse was the 21st edition of the Tour de Suisse cycle race and was held from 12 June to 20 June 1957. The race started and finished in Z\u00fcrich. The race was won by Pasquale Fornara.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [19, 19], "content_span": [20, 219]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075231-0000-0000", "contents": "1957 Tour of Flanders\nThe 41st running of the Tour of Flanders cycling classic was held on Sunday, 31 March 1957. Belgian rider Fred De Bruyne won the race in the sprint of a ten-man group in Wetteren. 85 of the 174 riders finished.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [21, 21], "content_span": [22, 232]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075231-0001-0000", "contents": "1957 Tour of Flanders, Route\nThe race started in Ghent and finished in Wetteren \u2013 covering 242\u00a0km. The course featured four categorized climbs:", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [23, 28], "content_span": [29, 143]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075232-0000-0000", "contents": "1957 Tulane Green Wave football team\nThe 1957 Tulane Green Wave football team was an American football team that represented Tulane University during the 1957 NCAA University Division football season as a member of the Southeastern Conference. In their fourth year under head coach Andy Pilney, the team compiled a 2\u20138 record.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [36, 36], "content_span": [37, 326]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075233-0000-0000", "contents": "1957 Tulsa Golden Hurricane football team\nThe 1957 Tulsa Golden Hurricane football team represented the University of Tulsa during the 1957 NCAA University Division football season. In their third year under head coach Bobby Dodds, the Golden Hurricane compiled a 4\u20136 record (2\u20132 against Missouri Valley Conference opponents), and finished in third place in the conference. The team's statistical leaders included George Cagliola with 239 passing yards, Ronnie Morris with 569 rushing yards, and Dick Brown with 104 receiving yards.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 41], "section_span": [41, 41], "content_span": [42, 532]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075234-0000-0000", "contents": "1957 Turkish general election\nGeneral elections were held in Turkey on 27 October 1957. The electoral system used was the multiple non-transferable vote, with each electoral district electing an average of nine members. The result was a victory for the Democrat Party, which won 424 of the 610 seats.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [29, 29], "content_span": [30, 300]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075235-0000-0000", "contents": "1957 U.S. National Championships (tennis)\nThe 1957 U.S. National Championships (now known as the US Open) was a tennis tournament that took place on the outdoor grass courts at the West Side Tennis Club, Forest Hills in New York City, United States. The tournament ran from 30 August until 8 September. It was the 77th staging of the U.S. National Championships, and the fourth Grand Slam tennis event of the year.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 41], "section_span": [41, 41], "content_span": [42, 414]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075235-0001-0000", "contents": "1957 U.S. National Championships (tennis), Finals, Men's Singles\nMalcolm Anderson (AUS) defeated  Ashley Cooper  (AUS) 10\u20138, 7\u20135, 6\u20134", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 41], "section_span": [43, 64], "content_span": [65, 133]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075235-0002-0000", "contents": "1957 U.S. National Championships (tennis), Finals, Men's doubles\nAshley Cooper (AUS) /  Neale Fraser (AUS) defeated  Gardnar Mulloy (USA) /  Budge Patty (USA) 4\u20136, 6\u20133, 9\u20137, 6\u20133", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 41], "section_span": [43, 64], "content_span": [65, 177]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075235-0003-0000", "contents": "1957 U.S. National Championships (tennis), Finals, Women's doubles\nLouise Brough (USA) /  Margaret Osborne duPont (USA) defeated  Althea Gibson (USA) /  Darlene Hard (USA) 6\u20132, 7\u20135", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 41], "section_span": [43, 66], "content_span": [67, 180]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075235-0004-0000", "contents": "1957 U.S. National Championships (tennis), Finals, Mixed doubles\nAlthea Gibson (USA) /   Kurt Nielsen (DEN) defeated  Darlene Hard (USA) /  Bob Howe (AUS) 6\u20133, 9\u20137", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 41], "section_span": [43, 64], "content_span": [65, 163]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075236-0000-0000", "contents": "1957 U.S. National Championships \u2013 Men's Singles\nMal Anderson defeated Ashley Cooper 10\u20138, 7\u20135, 6\u20134 in the final to win the Men's Singles tennis title at the 1957 U.S. National Championships.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 48], "section_span": [48, 48], "content_span": [49, 191]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075236-0001-0000", "contents": "1957 U.S. National Championships \u2013 Men's Singles, Seeds\nThe seeded players are listed below. Mal Anderson is the champion; others show the round in which they were eliminated.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 48], "section_span": [50, 55], "content_span": [56, 175]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075237-0000-0000", "contents": "1957 U.S. National Championships \u2013 Women's Singles\nFirst-seeded Althea Gibson defeated second-seeded Louise Brough 6\u20133, 6\u20132 in the final to win the Women's Singles tennis title at the 1957 U.S. National Championships.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 50], "section_span": [50, 50], "content_span": [51, 217]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075237-0001-0000", "contents": "1957 U.S. National Championships \u2013 Women's Singles, Seeds\nThe seeded players are listed below. Althea Gibson is the champion; others show in brackets the round in which they were eliminated.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 50], "section_span": [52, 57], "content_span": [58, 190]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075238-0000-0000", "contents": "1957 U.S. Open (golf)\nThe 1957 U.S. Open was the 57th U.S. Open, held June 12\u201315 at Inverness Club in Toledo, Ohio. Dick Mayer defeated defending champion Cary Middlecoff in an 18-hole playoff to win his only major title.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [21, 21], "content_span": [22, 221]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075238-0001-0000", "contents": "1957 U.S. Open (golf)\nAmateur Billy Joe Patton was the 36-hole co-leader with Mayer, but fell back with consecutive 76s and tied for eighth. The 54-hole lead was held by Jimmy Demaret, age 47, attempting to become the oldest U.S. Open champion. Mayer was a shot back, while Middlecoff, Julius Boros, and Roberto De Vicenzo were two back.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [21, 21], "content_span": [22, 337]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075238-0002-0000", "contents": "1957 U.S. Open (golf)\nWith temperatures soaring in the final round with high humidity, Demaret was five-over through eleven holes. He rebounded with three birdies on the back nine to post a 72 and a 283 total, a shot out of the playoff. Mayer carded a 70 and a 282 total, while Middlecoff birdied the last to force a playoff. The Sunday playoff turned out to be a one-sided affair, as Mayer shot 72 to Middlecoff's 79. Temperatures again approached 100\u00a0\u00b0F (38\u00a0\u00b0C) and only one birdie was carded.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [21, 21], "content_span": [22, 495]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075238-0003-0000", "contents": "1957 U.S. Open (golf)\nThis U.S. Open witnessed the debut of 17-year-old amateur Jack Nicklaus, who had consecutive rounds of 80 and missed the cut. It was just the beginning for Nicklaus, as he won a record-tying four U.S. Open titles and a record 18 major championships. While Nicklaus was making his debut, three-time major winner Denny Shute was playing his last Open; he too missed the cut. Two-time champion Gene Sarazen, at 55 in his penultimate Open, also missed the cut. After receiving medical attention for a back ailment, four-time champion and pre-tournament favorite Ben Hogan withdrew prior to his first round on Thursday.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [21, 21], "content_span": [22, 636]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075238-0004-0000", "contents": "1957 U.S. Open (golf)\nThe course was scheduled to play to a length of 6,961 yards (6,365\u00a0m), but heavy rains caused several new tee boxes to become unplayable and the course was shortened by about 100 yards (90\u00a0m).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [21, 21], "content_span": [22, 214]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075238-0005-0000", "contents": "1957 U.S. Open (golf)\nThis was the third U.S. Open at Inverness, which hosted in 1920 and 1931. The U.S. Open returned in 1979 and the PGA Championship followed in 1986 and 1993.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [21, 21], "content_span": [22, 178]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075239-0000-0000", "contents": "1957 U.S. Women's Open\nThe 1957 U.S. Women's Open was the twelfth U.S. Women's Open, held June 27\u201329 at the East Course of Winged Foot Golf Club in Mamaroneck, New York. It was the fifth conducted by the United States Golf Association (USGA).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [22, 22], "content_span": [23, 242]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075239-0001-0000", "contents": "1957 U.S. Women's Open\nBetsy Rawls won when the apparent champion, Jackie Pung at 6-over par 298, was disqualified for signing an incorrect scorecard. Her score was kept by playing partner Betty Jameson, the 1947 champion, who had marked a par score of five for Pung on the fourth hole, instead of a bogey six. Pung made exactly the same error on Jameson's card, who was also disqualified. It was the fourth of eight major championships for Rawls and the third of four U.S. Women's Opens.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [22, 22], "content_span": [23, 488]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075239-0002-0000", "contents": "1957 U.S. Women's Open\nThe championship returned to the East Course in 1972; the adjacent West Course has hosted many major championships.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [22, 22], "content_span": [23, 138]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075240-0000-0000", "contents": "1957 UC Riverside Highlanders football team\nThe 1957 UC Riverside Highlanders football team represented UC Riverside during the 1957 NCAA College Division football season. The Highlanders competed as an independent in 1957.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 43], "section_span": [43, 43], "content_span": [44, 223]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075240-0001-0000", "contents": "1957 UC Riverside Highlanders football team\nUC Riverside was led by second-year head coach Carl Selin. They played home games at UCR Athletic Field in Riverside, California. The Highlanders finished the season with a record of one win, four losses and one tie (1\u20134\u20131). Overall, the team was outscored by its opponents 63\u2013157 for the season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 43], "section_span": [43, 43], "content_span": [44, 340]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075240-0002-0000", "contents": "1957 UC Riverside Highlanders football team, Team players in the NFL\nNo UC Riverside players were selected in the 1958 NFL Draft.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 43], "section_span": [45, 68], "content_span": [69, 129]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075241-0000-0000", "contents": "1957 UC Santa Barbara Gauchos football team\nThe 1957 UC Santa Barbara Gauchos football team represented University of California, Santa Barbara (UCSB) during the 1957 NCAA College Division football season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 43], "section_span": [43, 43], "content_span": [44, 205]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075241-0001-0000", "contents": "1957 UC Santa Barbara Gauchos football team\nUCSB competed in the California Collegiate Athletic Association (CCAA). The team was led by second-year head coach Ed Cody, and played home games at La Playa Stadium in Santa Barbara, California. They finished the season with a record of six wins and two losses (6\u20132, 1\u20131 CCAA).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 43], "section_span": [43, 43], "content_span": [44, 322]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075241-0002-0000", "contents": "1957 UC Santa Barbara Gauchos football team, Team players in the NFL\nThe following UC Santa Barbara Gaucho players were selected in the 1958 NFL Draft.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 43], "section_span": [45, 68], "content_span": [69, 151]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075242-0000-0000", "contents": "1957 UCI Road World Championships\nThe 1957 UCI Road World Championships took place in Waregem, Belgium.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [33, 33], "content_span": [34, 103]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075243-0000-0000", "contents": "1957 UCI Road World Championships \u2013 Men's road race\nThe men's road race at the 1957 UCI Road World Championships took place in Waregem. The course comprised 12 laps around 23.8-kilometre route, making a total distance of 285.6 km.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 51], "section_span": [51, 51], "content_span": [52, 230]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075243-0001-0000", "contents": "1957 UCI Road World Championships \u2013 Men's road race, Riders\nBelgium: Marcel Janssens, Germain Derycke, Raymond Impanis, Julien Schepens, Leon Van Daele, Fred De Bruyne, Rik Van Looy, Rik Van Steenbergen.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 51], "section_span": [53, 59], "content_span": [60, 203]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075243-0002-0000", "contents": "1957 UCI Road World Championships \u2013 Men's road race, Riders\nFrance: Louison Bobet, Jacques Anquetil, Andr\u00e9 Darrigade, Bernard Gauthier, Huot, Jean Forestier, Dupont.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 51], "section_span": [53, 59], "content_span": [60, 165]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075243-0003-0000", "contents": "1957 UCI Road World Championships \u2013 Men's road race, Riders\nNetherlands: Wim Van Est, Wout Wagtmans, Van de Pluym, Dejonghe.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 51], "section_span": [53, 59], "content_span": [60, 124]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075243-0004-0000", "contents": "1957 UCI Road World Championships \u2013 Men's road race, The race\nIn the penultimate lap Wout Wagtmans attacked. He had a gap of 1 minute at it maximum. Then Marcel Janssens reacted, together with Rik Van Looy they closed the gap. Van Looy and Janssens left Wagtmans behind. In the final lap the duo had a gap op 30 secondes. At that time, it looked like Rik II (Rik Van Looy) would become the new World Champion, but Janssens got cramps.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 51], "section_span": [53, 61], "content_span": [62, 434]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075243-0005-0000", "contents": "1957 UCI Road World Championships \u2013 Men's road race, The race\nIn the peloton Louison Bobet en Jacques Anquetil were leading the chase. Before Anzegem they could catch the two leaders. Attack of Fred De Bruyne. Rik Van Steenbergen didn't react, but Bobet did. There was a new leading group: the Frenchman Bobet and the Belgian De Bruyne. Because Bobet was a faster sprinter and would win from De Bruyne, there was a reaction of Van Steenbergen. Together with Van Looy, Jacques Anquetil and Andr\u00e9 Darrigade he could close the gap. A group of six rides could sprint for the victory.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 51], "section_span": [53, 61], "content_span": [62, 579]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075243-0006-0000", "contents": "1957 UCI Road World Championships \u2013 Men's road race, The race\nAt 400m of the finish Darrigade started the sprint. At 150m Rik Van Steenbergen came nearby and he won the sprint with six. Rik I won for the third time the World Championship. For the first time he succeeded in his own country.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 51], "section_span": [53, 61], "content_span": [62, 290]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075244-0000-0000", "contents": "1957 UCI Track Cycling World Championships\nThe 1957 UCI Track Cycling World Championships were the World Championship for track cycling. They took place in Rocourt, Belgium from 10 to 15 August 1957. Five events for men were contested, 3 for professionals and 2 for amateurs.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 42], "section_span": [42, 42], "content_span": [43, 275]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075245-0000-0000", "contents": "1957 UCLA Bruins football team\nThe 1957 UCLA Bruins football team was an American football team that represented the University of California, Los Angeles in the Pacific Coast Conference during the 1957 NCAA University Division football season. In their ninth and final year under head coach Red Sanders, the Bruins compiled an 8\u20132 record (5\u20132 in PCC, third).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [30, 30], "content_span": [31, 359]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075245-0001-0000", "contents": "1957 UCLA Bruins football team\nUCLA's offensive leaders were quarterback Don\u00a0Long with 479 passing yards, Chuck\u00a0Kendall with 388 rushing yards, and Dick\u00a0Wallen with 303 receiving yards.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [30, 30], "content_span": [31, 185]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075246-0000-0000", "contents": "1957 UEFA European Under-18 Championship\nThe UEFA European Under-18 Championship 1957 Final Tournament was held in Spain.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [40, 40], "content_span": [41, 121]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075247-0000-0000", "contents": "1957 UK & Ireland Greyhound Racing Year\nThe 1957 UK & Ireland Greyhound Racing Year was the 31st year of greyhound racing in the United Kingdom and Ireland.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [39, 39], "content_span": [40, 156]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075247-0001-0000", "contents": "1957 UK & Ireland Greyhound Racing Year, Summary\nMarsh Barton Stadium in Exeter closed; many smaller independent tracks were susceptible to closure, mainly due to the fact that government taxing of tote profits outweighed the income from attendances. This was leaving many of them untenable. Regulated tracks under the National Greyhound Racing Club (NGRC) banner were better off and remained successful, with annual tote turnover still around \u00a355 million. The Greyhound Racing Association (GRA) continued to be the most successful greyhound company (as it had been every year since the introduction of racing in 1926).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 48], "content_span": [49, 619]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075247-0001-0001", "contents": "1957 UK & Ireland Greyhound Racing Year, Summary\nThe Chairman Francis Gentle announced that net profits had increased to \u00a3119,000 but the sale of Harringay Arena had been agreed because it was operating at a loss. It was sold to the Home and Colonial Stores Ltd. Gentle remains Chairman of the company but relinquishes his role as Managing Director to be replaced by Laddie Lucas.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 48], "content_span": [49, 380]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075247-0002-0000", "contents": "1957 UK & Ireland Greyhound Racing Year, Summary\nFord Spartan won the 1957 English Greyhound Derby and Duet Leader was voted Greyhound of the Year.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 48], "content_span": [49, 147]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075247-0003-0000", "contents": "1957 UK & Ireland Greyhound Racing Year, Competitions\nKilcaskin Kern won the Irish St Leger and then went through a hectic schedule, flown straight to London to join new trainer Tony Dennis. The fawn dog then qualified for the Cloth of Gold at Charlton with three quick trials on three successive days. The decision was justified after he won the title. He also won Grand Prix at Walthamstow Stadium later in the year.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 53], "content_span": [54, 418]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075247-0004-0000", "contents": "1957 UK & Ireland Greyhound Racing Year, Competitions\nFord Spartan (the Derby champion) won Laurels at Wimbledon Stadium but was then surprisingly retired to stud after just fourteen months racing.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 53], "content_span": [54, 197]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075247-0005-0000", "contents": "1957 UK & Ireland Greyhound Racing Year, Competitions\nDuke of Alva won all his races in reaching the St Leger final at Wembley and recorded sub 40 second runs in each round, the final was televised live on the BBC.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 53], "content_span": [54, 214]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075247-0006-0000", "contents": "1957 UK & Ireland Greyhound Racing Year, News\nScoutbush was sold for $4,500, shortly after his Cesarewitch victory, to stand at stud in the United States. Sir Arthur Elvin MBE died, he had saved Wembley Stadium and turned it into one of the most famous stadiums in the world. Without him it would have been demolished in 1926.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 45], "content_span": [46, 326]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075247-0007-0000", "contents": "1957 UK & Ireland Greyhound Racing Year, News\nElias Jolley stood trial, after the 80 year old general manager of White City Stadium (Nottingham) was accused of widespread rigging of tote odds and destroying evidence. It was agreed by the London Greyhound Tracks committee that any greyhound disqualified for fighting would lose any prize money and trophies but it would not affect the result in terms of betting.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 45], "content_span": [46, 412]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075247-0008-0000", "contents": "1957 UK & Ireland Greyhound Racing Year, News\nDerby runner-up Highway Tim was stolen from the kennels of Rosalie Beba, one month after the Derby final but was recovered safely after the van carrying them crashed and the driver was arrested.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 45], "content_span": [46, 240]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075247-0009-0000", "contents": "1957 UK & Ireland Greyhound Racing Year, Ireland\nThe unsuccessful ante post Irish Greyhound Derby favourite, Solar Prince, went on to win the Tipperary Cup and Callanan Cup before winning a White City invitation race featuring Kilcaskin Kern, Ballypatrick and Northern King, held on the Oaks final night.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 48], "content_span": [49, 304]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075247-0010-0000", "contents": "1957 UK & Ireland Greyhound Racing Year, Ireland\nPrairie Champion has his first race was on 10 October 1957, when he participated in the McCalmont Cup at Kilkenny. He won his heat by ten lengths in 29.80 seconds and then won the final. After recording 29.10 seconds in a 525 yards trial at Harold's Cross Stadium he was bought by Al Burnett, who was known for owning the Pigalle Club in London and renamed Pigalle Wonder.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 48], "content_span": [49, 421]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075248-0000-0000", "contents": "1957 UMass Redmen football team\nThe 1957 UMass Redmen football team represented the University of Massachusetts Amherst in the 1957 NCAA College Division football season as a member of the Yankee Conference. The team was coached by Charlie O'Rourke and played its home games at Alumni Field in Amherst, Massachusetts. UMass finished the season with a record of 1\u20135\u20131 overall and 1\u20132\u20131 in conference play.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [31, 31], "content_span": [32, 404]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075249-0000-0000", "contents": "1957 USA Outdoor Track and Field Championships\nThe 1957 USA Outdoor Track and Field Championships men's competition took place between June 20-22 at Welcome Stadium in Dayton, Ohio. The high jump apron at Welcome Stadium was made of asphalt to the surprise of Olympic Champion Charles Dumas who brought long spikes. After a visit to a local shoe store, Dumas went on to win at 6'10\u00bc\"", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 46], "section_span": [46, 46], "content_span": [47, 383]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075250-0000-0000", "contents": "1957 USAC Championship Car season\nThe 1957 USAC Championship Car season consisted of 13 races, beginning in Speedway, Indiana on May 30 and concluding in Phoenix, Arizona on November 11. There were also five non-championship events. The USAC National Champion was Jimmy Bryan and the Indianapolis 500 winner was Sam Hanks. Keith Andrews was killed in crash while practicing for the Indianapolis 500; he was 36 years old.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [33, 33], "content_span": [34, 420]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075251-0000-0000", "contents": "1957 USC Trojans football team\nThe 1957 USC Trojans football team represented the University of Southern California (USC) in the 1957 NCAA University Division football season. In their first year under head coach Don Clark, the Trojans compiled a 1\u20139 record (1\u20136 against conference opponents), finished in a tie for seventh place in the Pacific Coast Conference, and were outscored by their opponents by a combined total of 204 to 86.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [30, 30], "content_span": [31, 434]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075251-0001-0000", "contents": "1957 USC Trojans football team\nTom Maudlin led the team in passing with 48 of 100 passes completed for 552 yards, no touchdowns and eight interceptions. Rex Johnston led the team in rushing with 74 carries for 304 yards. Larry Boies was the leading receiver with 14 catches for 144 yards and no touchdowns.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [30, 30], "content_span": [31, 306]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075251-0002-0000", "contents": "1957 USC Trojans football team\nNo member of the 1957 Trojans received first-team honors on the 1957 All-Pacific Coast Conference football team. Tackle Mike Henry received second-team honors from the conference coaches.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [30, 30], "content_span": [31, 218]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075252-0000-0000", "contents": "1957 USSR Chess Championship\nThe 1957 Soviet Chess Championship was the 24th edition of USSR Chess Championship. Held from 20 January to 22 February 1957 in Moscow. The tournament was won by Mikhail Tal. The final were preceded by quarterfinals events at Frunze (won by Viktor Korchnoi, 17 points in 18 games), Tallinn (Iivo Nei/Alexey Suetin, 14/19), Yerevan (Alexander Tolush, 15\u00bd/19); semifinals at Leningrad (Abram Khasin, 11\u00bd/19), Kharkov (Vitaly Tarasov, 11\u00bd/18) and Tbilisi (Tigran Petrosian, 14\u00bd/19).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [28, 28], "content_span": [29, 508]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075252-0001-0000", "contents": "1957 USSR Chess Championship, Table and results, Semifinals\nBannik and Aroson beat Borisenko in a sixth place tiebreaker tournament.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 59], "content_span": [60, 132]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075252-0002-0000", "contents": "1957 USSR Chess Championship, Table and results, Final\nThe semi-final qualifiers joined Taimanov, Keres and Bronstein (who entered the final directly by ranking criteria of the Soviet Federation) to play the final in Moscow. Mikhail Botvinnik and Vasily Smyslov did not participate because they were preparing for the match for the World Championship.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 54], "content_span": [55, 351]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075253-0000-0000", "contents": "1957 Ubangi-Shari Territorial Assembly election\nTerritorial Assembly elections were held in Ubangi-Shari on 31 March 1957. The first and second college system for giving separate seats to Europeans and Africans was scrapped, and all 50 seats elected by universal suffrage. The result was a victory for the Movement for the Social Evolution of Black Africa led by Barth\u00e9l\u00e9my Boganda, which won all 50 seats.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 47], "section_span": [47, 47], "content_span": [48, 406]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075254-0000-0000", "contents": "1957 Uber Cup\nThe 1957 Uber Cup was the inaugural Uber Cup; a women's international team badminton championship promoted by Betty Uber. Eleven nations took part competing first (as in Thomas Cup competition) within zones to qualify for interzone matches. The final round was held in Lytham St Annes, Lancashire, England on 18 March 1957. The United States won the event, defeating Denmark.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 13], "section_span": [13, 13], "content_span": [14, 389]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075254-0001-0000", "contents": "1957 Uber Cup, Teams\nThree teams qualified for the interzone stage of the competition, the United States, India, and Denmark. Denmark received a bye in the first round to go directly into the final. Originally four teams were to be represented in the interzone matches, but New Zealand which qualified from Australasia withdrew.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 13], "section_span": [15, 20], "content_span": [21, 328]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075254-0002-0000", "contents": "1957 Uber Cup, Final, Final summary\nThe United States and Denmark competed in the final. 7 matches were played: 3 singles and 4 doubles (2 doubles, then reversed). Winning all three of her matches, Judy Devlin led the way to a decisive 6\u20131 victory for the USA.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 13], "section_span": [15, 35], "content_span": [36, 260]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075255-0000-0000", "contents": "1957 United States House of Representatives elections\nThere were four special elections to the United States House of Representatives in 1957 during the 85th United States Congress.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 53], "section_span": [53, 53], "content_span": [54, 181]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075256-0000-0000", "contents": "1957 United States Men's Curling Championship\nThe 1957 United States Men's Curling Championship was held March 27 to 30, 1957 at Chicago Stadium in Chicago, Illinois. It was the first edition of the United States Men's Curling Championship.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 45], "section_span": [45, 45], "content_span": [46, 240]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075256-0001-0000", "contents": "1957 United States Men's Curling Championship\nThe Marshall Field and Company was inspired to host an American equivalent to the popular Macdonald Brier in Canada. Opening night of the championship included a performance by the Scotch Highlander band of University of Iowa, an all female bagpipe and drum band, and were televised by the local television channel WGN-TV. Ken Watson, three-time Canadian champion, was hired as the commissioner of play and tasked with overseeing the umpires. There were 2,500 spectators in attendance for the first draw.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 45], "section_span": [45, 45], "content_span": [46, 550]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075256-0002-0000", "contents": "1957 United States Men's Curling Championship\nThe tournament consisted of ten teams representing nine states, plus a team representing the then-territory of Alaska. Teams had to win their state playdowns to qualify.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 45], "section_span": [45, 45], "content_span": [46, 215]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075256-0003-0000", "contents": "1957 United States Men's Curling Championship\nThe team from Minnesota, representing the Hibbing Curling Club won the event, as the team with the best round-robin record of 8-1.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 45], "section_span": [45, 45], "content_span": [46, 176]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075257-0000-0000", "contents": "1957 United States Senate elections\nDemocrat William Proxmire won a special election to fill the vacancy created by the death of Senator Joseph R. McCarthy (R-WI). Also, Price Daniel (D-TX) left the Senate to become governor of Texas, and Democrat Ralph Yarborough won a special election for that Senate seat. The Democrats thus made a net gain of one seat.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [35, 35], "content_span": [36, 357]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075257-0000-0001", "contents": "1957 United States Senate elections\nHowever, Congress was out of session at the time of the Democratic gain in Wisconsin, and the Republicans gained a Democratic-held seat only weeks after the next session started, when Republican John D. Hoblitzell Jr. was appointed to fill the vacancy created by the death of Senator Matthew M. Neely (D-WV).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [35, 35], "content_span": [36, 344]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075257-0001-0000", "contents": "1957 United States Senate elections, Texas\nOne-term Democrat Price Daniel resigned January 14, 1957 to become Governor of Texas. Daniel appointed Democrat William A. Blakley January 15, 1957.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 42], "content_span": [43, 191]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075257-0002-0000", "contents": "1957 United States Senate elections, Texas\nIn 1956, Allan Shivers opted not to run for a fourth term as Governor of Texas; Senator Price Daniel, as a sitting U.S. Senator was elected Governor of Texas.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 42], "content_span": [43, 201]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075257-0003-0000", "contents": "1957 United States Senate elections, Texas\nLike his gubernatorial predecessor Allan Shivers and Daniel, Blakley was an \"Eisenhower Democrat\" who had supported Dwight Eisenhower over the national Democratic Party candidate Adlai Stevenson in 1952 and 1956.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 42], "content_span": [43, 255]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075257-0004-0000", "contents": "1957 United States Senate elections, Texas\nBlakley, who had gained prominence in Texas politics for his business successes was, at the time, building a $125\u00a0million shopping center and a 1,000-room hotel in Dallas. Governor Shivers, who had been considering appointing a Republican candidate to the Senate seat, instead named Blakley to the United States Senate pending a special election for the seat.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 42], "content_span": [43, 402]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075257-0005-0000", "contents": "1957 United States Senate elections, Texas\nPressured by the Democratic Party in the interests of cooling tensions from the gubernatorial election, Blakley did not seek the remaining term as senator. He hence served for fewer than four months from January 15 to April 28. Ralph Yarborough succeeded him in the special election, winning with a plurality of the vote when the conservatives divided three ways.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 42], "content_span": [43, 406]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075257-0006-0000", "contents": "1957 United States Senate elections, Texas\nThereafter, Texas law was changed to require a runoff between the two leading candidates in a special election if no one had a majority in the first round). Blakley left the Senate saying \"I shall go back to my boots and saddle and ride toward the Western sunset.\"", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 42], "content_span": [43, 307]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075257-0007-0000", "contents": "1957 United States Senate elections, Texas\nYarborough would be re-elected in 1958 and again in 1964.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 42], "content_span": [43, 100]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075257-0008-0000", "contents": "1957 United States Senate elections, Wisconsin\nTwo-term Republican Joseph McCarthy died May 2, 1957. In the summer of 1957, a special election was held to fill McCarthy's seat. In the primaries, voters in both parties turned away from McCarthy's legacy. The Republican primary was won by Walter J. Kohler Jr., who called for a clean break from McCarthy's approach; he defeated former Congressman Glenn Robert Davis, who charged that Eisenhower was soft on Communism. The Democratic candidate, William Proxmire, called the late McCarthy \"a disgrace to Wisconsin, to the Senate, and to America\". On August 27, Proxmire won the election, serving in the seat for 32 years.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 46], "content_span": [47, 668]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075257-0009-0000", "contents": "1957 United States Senate elections, Wisconsin\nProxmire would be re-elected five more times, serving until his retirement in 1989.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 46], "content_span": [47, 130]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075258-0000-0000", "contents": "1957 United States Senate special election in Texas\nThe 1957 United States Senate special election in Texas was held on April 2, 1957 to complete the unexpired term of Senator Price Daniel, who resigned to become Governor of Texas. Interim Senator William Blakley did not run for re-election. The race was won by Ralph Yarborough with a plurality of the vote; no majority was required.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 51], "section_span": [51, 51], "content_span": [52, 385]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075258-0001-0000", "contents": "1957 United States Senate special election in Texas, Background\nIn November 1956, incumbent Senator Price Daniel was elected Governor of Texas. He resigned from the Senate before taking office in January 1957. Outgoing Governor Allan Shivers appointed William Blakley to fill the seat until a successor could be duly elected, with the election scheduled for April 2. The winner would finish Daniel's term ending in 1959.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 51], "section_span": [53, 63], "content_span": [64, 420]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075258-0002-0000", "contents": "1957 United States Senate special election in Texas, Candidates, Major candidates, Minor candidates\nNone of these candidates received more than 0.25% of the popular vote.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 51], "section_span": [53, 99], "content_span": [100, 170]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075259-0000-0000", "contents": "1957 United States gubernatorial elections\nUnited States gubernatorial elections were held on 5 November 1957, in two states, New Jersey and Virginia.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 42], "section_span": [42, 42], "content_span": [43, 150]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075260-0000-0000", "contents": "1957 Upper Voltan Territorial Assembly election\nTerritorial Assembly elections were held in French Upper Volta on 31 March 1957. The result was a victory for the Unified Democratic Party (an alliance of the Voltaic Democratic Union\u2013African Democratic Rally and the Social Party for the Emancipation of the African Masses), which won 33 of the 68 seats in the Assembly.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 47], "section_span": [47, 47], "content_span": [48, 368]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075261-0000-0000", "contents": "1957 Uruguayan Primera Divisi\u00f3n, Overview\nIt was contested by 10 teams, and Nacional won the championship.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 41], "content_span": [42, 106]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075262-0000-0000", "contents": "1957 Utah Redskins football team\nThe 1957 Utah Redskins football team represented the University of Utah during the 1957 NCAA University Division football season. Home games were played on campus in Salt Lake City at Ute Stadium.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [32, 32], "content_span": [33, 229]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075262-0001-0000", "contents": "1957 Utah Redskins football team\nLed by eighth-year head coach Jack Curtice, who believed in a wide-open offense, the Redskins were 6\u20134 overall and were champions of the Skyline Conference (Skyline), with a 5\u20131 record. They were led on the field by transfer quarterback Lee Grosscup, who finished tenth in the balloting for the Heisman Trophy as a junior and was a second-team AP and UPI All-American.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [32, 32], "content_span": [33, 401]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075262-0002-0000", "contents": "1957 Utah Redskins football team\nA notable player was sophomore safety (& halfback) Larry Wilson, a future member of the Pro Football Hall of Fame.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [32, 32], "content_span": [33, 147]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075262-0003-0000", "contents": "1957 Utah Redskins football team\nAfter the season, Curtice left for Stanford University in the Pacific Coast Conference and was succeeded by Ray Nagel, the backfield coach at UCLA.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [32, 32], "content_span": [33, 180]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075262-0004-0000", "contents": "1957 Utah Redskins football team, After the season, NFL draft\nUtah had three players selected in the 1958 NFL Draft.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 61], "content_span": [62, 116]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075263-0000-0000", "contents": "1957 Utah State Aggies football team\nThe 1957 Utah State Aggies football team was an American football team that represented Utah State University in the Skyline Conference during the 1957 NCAA University Division football season. In their third season under head coach Ev Faunce, the Aggies compiled a 2\u20137\u20131 record (1\u20135\u20131 against Skyline opponents), finished last in the Skyline Conference, and were outscored by opponents by a total of 255 to 153.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [36, 36], "content_span": [37, 449]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075264-0000-0000", "contents": "1957 Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly election\nThe second Legislative Assembly elections were held in Uttar Pradesh in 1957. The Indian National Congress won a comfortable margin with 286 of the 430 Vidhan Sabha seats, although it was less of a majority than in the previous election in 1951.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 48], "section_span": [48, 48], "content_span": [49, 294]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075264-0001-0000", "contents": "1957 Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly election\nThe Elections to the Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly were held on 25 February 1957. 1711 candidates contested for the 430 constituencies in the Assembly. There were 89 two-member constituencies and 252 single-member constituencies.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 48], "section_span": [48, 48], "content_span": [49, 283]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075264-0002-0000", "contents": "1957 Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly election, Important members\nSampurnanand was the second Chief Minister of Uttar Pradesh. He succeeded Govind Ballabh Pant of his party and served as a Chief Minister from 1954 to 1960. In 1960, due to a political crisis initiated by Kamlapati Tripathi and Chandra Bhanu Gupta, Sampurnanand was  asked to quit the post of Chief Minister and was sent to Rajasthan as the Governor. Following were the important members of the Second Legislative Assembly of Uttar Pradesh.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 48], "section_span": [50, 67], "content_span": [68, 508]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075265-0000-0000", "contents": "1957 VFA season\nThe 1957 Victorian Football Association season was the 76th season of the Australian rules football competition. The premiership was won by the Moorabbin Football Club, after it defeated Port Melbourne in the Grand Final on 5 October by forty points. It was Moorabbin's first VFA premiership, won in its seventh season of competition. For Port Melbourne, it was the last of eight consecutive Grand Final appearances between 1950 and 1957, of which only the 1953 premiership was won. Minor premiers Williamstown went through the home-and-home season undefeated, but lost both finals to finish third; it was the only premiership which the club did not win between 1954 and 1959.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 15], "section_span": [15, 15], "content_span": [16, 692]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075265-0001-0000", "contents": "1957 VFA season, Premiership\nThe home-and-home season was played over twenty matches, before the top four clubs contested a finals series under the Page\u2013McIntyre system to determine the premiers for the season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 15], "section_span": [17, 28], "content_span": [29, 210]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075265-0002-0000", "contents": "1957 VFA season, Notable events, Night football\nThe Association experimented with playing premiership matches at night during the 1957 season. Electric floodlighting had recently been installed at the South Melbourne Cricket Ground, and the Victorian Football League had run a successful post-season night premiership in 1956, so the Association secured the venue for its night premiership matches. Under the arrangement, the premier match of each round, as determined by the Association a couple of weeks in advance, was played at South Melbourne at 8pm on the Wednesday night prior to the main round. Thirteen of the fourteen clubs agreed to the arrangement, with only Preston dissenting. The first such match was held on 17 April, with Williamstown 12.10 (82) defeating Moorabbin 9.12 (66), and a large crowd of 14,000 saw Williamstown defeat Port Melbourne the following week.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 15], "section_span": [17, 47], "content_span": [48, 880]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075265-0003-0000", "contents": "1957 VFA season, Notable events, Night football\nInclement weather was the primary concern with the night matches, and there was a contingency to shift the match back to the Saturday if made necessary by conditions, which first occurred on 22 May; recognising that the weather would likely deteriorate further during winter, the Association opted to cancel night matches for June and July, and eventually for the rest of the season \u2013 with the exception of an already scheduled interstate match against South Australia in July. In addition to the weather, the disruption of training schedules and the uncertainty surrounding scheduling social events (which represented a large financial penalty when matches were postponed) were problems that some clubs raised after seeing the system in practice.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 15], "section_span": [17, 47], "content_span": [48, 795]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075265-0004-0000", "contents": "1957 VFA season, Notable events, Night football\nWednesday night premiership football returned in 1958, but was again limited to the autumn months before the weather interfered; it did not return in 1959.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 15], "section_span": [17, 47], "content_span": [48, 203]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075265-0005-0000", "contents": "1957 VFA season, Notable events, Interstate matches\nThe Association played three interstate matches during 1957: two against South Australia, and one against a combined team representing the two greater northern Tasmanian leagues (the Northern Tasmanian Football Association and the North West Football Union). Wally Carter (Williamstown) was the coach of the Association team.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 15], "section_span": [17, 51], "content_span": [52, 377]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075266-0000-0000", "contents": "1957 VFL Grand Final\nThe 1957 VFL Grand Final was an Australian rules football game contested between the Melbourne Football Club and Essendon Football Club, held at the Melbourne Cricket Ground on 21 September 1957. It was the 61st annual Grand Final of the Victorian Football League, staged to determine the premiers for the 1957 VFL season. The match, attended by 100,324 spectators, was won by Melbourne by 61 points, marking that club's ninth premiership victory.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [20, 20], "content_span": [21, 468]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075266-0001-0000", "contents": "1957 VFL Grand Final\nThis was Melbourne's fourth successive Grand Final appearance and third successive premiership. Ron Barassi starred for the Demons with five goals, four of them in the first half to put the game out of Essendon's reach. Melbourne's coach Norm Smith had previously participated in successive premierships as a player, from 1939 to 1941.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [20, 20], "content_span": [21, 356]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075267-0000-0000", "contents": "1957 VFL season\nThe 1957 Victorian Football League season was the 61st season of the elite Australian rules football competition.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 15], "section_span": [15, 15], "content_span": [16, 129]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075267-0001-0000", "contents": "1957 VFL season, Premiership season\nIn 1957, the VFL competition consisted of twelve teams of 18 on-the-field players each, plus two substitute players, known as the 19th man and the 20th man. A player could be substituted for any reason; however, once substituted, a player could not return to the field of play under any circumstances.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 15], "section_span": [17, 35], "content_span": [36, 337]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075267-0002-0000", "contents": "1957 VFL season, Premiership season\nTeams played each other in a home-and-away season of 18 rounds; matches 12 to 18 were the \"home-and-way reverse\" of matches 1 to 7.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 15], "section_span": [17, 35], "content_span": [36, 167]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075267-0003-0000", "contents": "1957 VFL season, Premiership season\nOnce the 18 round home-and-away season had finished, the 1957 VFL Premiers were determined by the specific format and conventions of the Page\u2013McIntyre system.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 15], "section_span": [17, 35], "content_span": [36, 194]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075267-0004-0000", "contents": "1957 VFL season, Night Series Competition\nThe night series were held under the floodlights at Lake Oval, South Melbourne.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 15], "section_span": [17, 41], "content_span": [42, 121]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075267-0005-0000", "contents": "1957 VFL season, Night Series Competition\nIn all other years of the night competition (i.e., 1956\u20131971), only teams that had finished 5th to 12th on ladder at the end of the home-and-away season competed; i.e., teams which were not playing in any of the end of season finals matches.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 15], "section_span": [17, 41], "content_span": [42, 283]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075267-0006-0000", "contents": "1957 VFL season, Night Series Competition\nIn 1957, due to the perceived popularity of the competition's initial year (1956), all twelve VFL clubs played in the 1957 Night Series. The series was marred by bad weather, with two matches having to be abandoned. Only an average of 16,000 spectators attending each of the 11 matches that were played. In 1958, the competition reverted to the 1956 structure, where only teams finishing 5th to 12th on the ladder competed.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 15], "section_span": [17, 41], "content_span": [42, 465]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075267-0007-0000", "contents": "1957 VFL season, Premiership Finals\nThis season was the first Hawthorn season ever in the finals after entering the league for the 33rd season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 15], "section_span": [17, 35], "content_span": [36, 143]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075268-0000-0000", "contents": "1957 VMI Keydets football team\nThe 1957 VMI Keydets football team represented the Virginia Military Institute during the 1957 NCAA University Division football season. The team had an undefeated season (9-0-1) and was ranked 13th in the final Associated Press poll.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [30, 30], "content_span": [31, 265]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075269-0000-0000", "contents": "1957 VPI Gobblers football team\nThe 1957 VPI Gobblers football team represented the Virginia Polytechnic Institute in the 1957 NCAA University Division football season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [31, 31], "content_span": [32, 168]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075269-0001-0000", "contents": "1957 VPI Gobblers football team, Players\nThe following players were members of the 1957 football team according to the roster published in the 1958 edition of The Bugle, the Virginia Tech yearbook.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 40], "content_span": [41, 197]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075269-0002-0000", "contents": "1957 VPI Gobblers football team, Coaching Staff\nThe following coaches were members of the 1957 football team according to the roster published in the 1958 edition of The Bugle.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 47], "content_span": [48, 176]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075270-0000-0000", "contents": "1957 Valencia flood\nThe 1957 Valencia flood (Spanish: gran riada de Valencia) was a natural disaster that occurred on 14 October 1957 in Valencia, Spain. The flood resulted in significant damage to property and caused the deaths of at least 81 people. In response to the tragedy, the Spanish government devised and enacted the Plan Sur, which rerouted the city's main river, the Turia.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [19, 19], "content_span": [20, 385]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075270-0001-0000", "contents": "1957 Valencia flood, Background\nPrevious floods had been recorded in Valencia in 1321, 1328, 1340, 1358, 1406, 1427, 1475, 1517, 1540, 1581, 1589, 1590, 1610, 1651, 1672, 1731, 1776, 1783, 1845, 1860, 1864, 1870 and 1897. Up to 75 floods are estimated to have taken place in the seven centuries prior to the 1957 flood.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [21, 31], "content_span": [32, 319]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075270-0002-0000", "contents": "1957 Valencia flood, The disaster\nDuring a 3-day cold drop, heavy rain had fallen in the city and upstream along the T\u00faria river on Saturday 12 October, easing up overnight. The rain resumed the next morning around 07:00. The towns of Chelva, Casinos and Ademuz were particularly affected, suffering light flooding. The rain continued until 14 October. In Valencia, there was torrential rainfall around midday on the 14th. The Turia overflowed, discharging up to 300,000,000 cubic metres (390,000,000\u00a0cu\u00a0yd) of water into the city.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [21, 33], "content_span": [34, 531]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075270-0002-0001", "contents": "1957 Valencia flood, The disaster\nWhile some of the older streets in Valencia's historic centre, such as Calle del Micalet, Plaza de la Reina and Plaza del Michalet, largely escaped damage, the newer bridges and areas to the north of the river, such as Zaidia and Campanar, suffered severe damage. In the Marxalanes district, some streets were under 5 metres of water. The Natzaret district near Valencia port was cut off from the rest of the city. The city as a whole was left without water, gas and electricity and around 75% of commercial and industrial activity was affected. Around 5,800 homes were destroyed, leaving approximately 3,500 families homeless. The final death toll was at least 81 people.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [21, 33], "content_span": [34, 706]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075270-0003-0000", "contents": "1957 Valencia flood, Response\nThe local governments of Madrid, Barcelona and surrounding areas immediately offered help, although external rescue efforts were hindered by the flooding of the main roads to the city. The Spanish army was deployed alongside the emergency services to help in the cleanup operation.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [21, 29], "content_span": [30, 311]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075270-0004-0000", "contents": "1957 Valencia flood, Response\nThe flood occurred as the government was having meetings in Barcelona. The minister responsible, Luis Carrero Blanco, interrupted those meetings to put Vicente Mortes Alfonso in charge of finding temporary housing for those left homeless by the disaster. On 24 October 1957, Spanish dictator Francisco Franco visited Valencia and promised government funding for reconstruction of the city and adequate supplies to those affected.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [21, 29], "content_span": [30, 459]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075270-0005-0000", "contents": "1957 Valencia flood, Response\nIn reaction to the disaster, the Cortes Espa\u00f1olas unanimously approved the Plan Sur on 21 December 1961. This rerouted the Turia to the south of Valencia, three kilometres from its original course. The new course is 12 kilometres (7.5\u00a0mi) long and 175 metres (574\u00a0ft) wide. Despite objections from Quart de Poblet and Mislata, municipalities to the west of Valencia affected by the plan, work began in 1964 and finished in 1973.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [21, 29], "content_span": [30, 458]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075271-0000-0000", "contents": "1957 Vanderbilt Commodores football team\nThe 1957 Vanderbilt Commodores football team represented Vanderbilt University in the 1957 NCAA University Division football season. The Commodores were led by head coach Art Guepe in his fifth season and finished the season with a record of five wins, three losses and one tie (5\u20133\u20132 overall, 3\u20133\u20131 in the SEC).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [40, 40], "content_span": [41, 353]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075272-0000-0000", "contents": "1957 Vaucluse state by-election\nA by-election was held for the New South Wales Legislative Assembly seat of Vaucluse on Saturday, 24 August 1957. It was triggered by the resignation of the former Leader of the New South Wales Liberal Party, Lt.Col. Murray Robson, who retired from parliament.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [31, 31], "content_span": [32, 292]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075272-0001-0000", "contents": "1957 Vaucluse state by-election\nThe seat was subsequently won by Brigadier Geoffrey Cox of the Liberal Party. Vaucluse being a blue-ribbon Liberal seat, the Labor Party chose not to field a candidate. The Liberals witnessed a drop in their primary vote due to several Independent Liberal candidates splitting the strong conservative vote.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [31, 31], "content_span": [32, 338]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075272-0002-0000", "contents": "1957 Vaucluse state by-election, Background\nThe seat of Vaucluse, a traditionally safe Liberal seat, was held since 1936 by Murray Robson, who, after serving with distinction in the Second World War returned and rose to become Leader of the Liberal Party in 1954.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 43], "content_span": [44, 263]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075272-0003-0000", "contents": "1957 Vaucluse state by-election, Background\nIn August 1954, after the long-serving leader, Vernon Treatt, announced his intention to resign, and Deputy-Leader Robert Askin and Pat Morton had tied in a vote to succeed him, Robson was persuaded by Askin to accept the Leadership of the Liberal Party as a compromise candidate.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 43], "content_span": [44, 324]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075272-0003-0001", "contents": "1957 Vaucluse state by-election, Background\nLike other senior members of the party, after having no conservative government since Alexander Mair in 1941, Robson had no experience in government, he had little interest in policy except for Cold War anti-communism, ignored majority views of his party and fellow parliamentary colleagues and further alienated party members by trying to forge a closer alliance with Michael Bruxner's Country Party.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 43], "content_span": [44, 445]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075272-0004-0000", "contents": "1957 Vaucluse state by-election, Background\nOver a year after he assumed the leadership, at a party meeting on 20 September 1955, senior party member Ken McCaw moved that the leadership be declared vacant, citing that Robson's leadership lacked the qualities necessary for winning the next election. The motion was carried 15 votes to 5. Robson then moved a motion to prevent Pat Morton, who was the only person nominated for leader, from taking the leadership. This was defeated 16 votes to 6 and Morton was elected unopposed as leader, with Robert Askin remaining as Deputy Leader.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 43], "content_span": [44, 583]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075272-0004-0001", "contents": "1957 Vaucluse state by-election, Background\nRobson retorted that there had been a \"continuous intrigue\" against his leadership. He was returned for the last time at the 3 March 1956 election with 71.41%. Robson, however, did not stay long afterward; on 26 July 1957, he resigned his seat, and returned to his legal practice until he retired.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 43], "content_span": [44, 341]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075272-0005-0000", "contents": "1957 Vaucluse state by-election, Results\nThe Liberal Party retained the seat, albeit on a significantly reduced margin, due in part to several conservative candidates fracturing the Liberal vote. The Liberal candidate, Geoffrey Cox, emerged with 51% after preferences against Independent Liberal Hugh Foster.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 40], "content_span": [41, 308]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075273-0000-0000", "contents": "1957 Venezuelan Grand Prix\nThe 1957 Gran Premio de Venezuela took place on 3 November, through a park and along the autostrada leading to Caracas. Although this was the fourth running of the race, it was the first time as a round of the F.I.A. World Sports Car Championship. The previous year\u2019s race, won by Stirling Moss, and the organiser, Touring Club Automovil de Venezuela dealt with it so well, albeit at a loss, the F.I.A. promoted the race to full World Championship status.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [26, 26], "content_span": [27, 482]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075273-0001-0000", "contents": "1957 Venezuelan Grand Prix, Report\nGeneral Marcos P\u00e9rez Jim\u00e9nez, the President of Venezuela, brought sports car racing to his country in 1955, which Juan Manuel Fangio won, but the organiser lost over $100,000, because no one collected the admission charges from the thousand who lined the street circuit, whilst the grandstands were empty but for officials and friends of the government. When Moss won the following season, taking home a solid gold cup, the Auto Club again made big losses. The 1957 event had to pay its own way or else.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [28, 34], "content_span": [35, 538]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075273-0002-0000", "contents": "1957 Venezuelan Grand Prix, Report, Entry\nA grand total of 41 racing cars were registered for this event, of which 37 arrived for practice and 34 qualified for the race. Although this was the last round of the championship, there were only two manufacturers who could take the world title, namely Ferrari and Maserati. As a result, the entry list for this race was almost entirely Italian. Both teams were represented by four cars in the race.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [28, 41], "content_span": [42, 443]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075273-0002-0001", "contents": "1957 Venezuelan Grand Prix, Report, Entry\nFerrari send a pair of Ferrari 335 Ss and a pair of Ferrari 250 TRs for their squad of eight drivers, while Eqiupo Maserati was represented by a pair of Maserati 450S, supported by a 300S and a 350S and their squad of eight pilots. They were backed up by a privateer entry belong to Temple Buell. If Maserati could win, they would take the manufacturers crown away from Ferrari, who had been champions since its inception, except for the brief Mercedes-Benz interlude in 1955. The only ray of hope from outside of Italy, were a works Porsche 718RSK.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [28, 41], "content_span": [42, 591]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075273-0003-0000", "contents": "1957 Venezuelan Grand Prix, Report, Qualifying\nDuring the two qualifying sessions held on the Thursday and Friday days prior to the race on Sunday. The Maserati of Stirling Moss emerged the fastest, putting his 450S on pole, by nearly half a second ahead of Tony Brooks in another Maserati.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [28, 46], "content_span": [47, 290]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075273-0004-0000", "contents": "1957 Venezuelan Grand Prix, Report, Race\nThe race was held over 101 laps of the 6.170 miles track, laid out around Caracas, giving a distance of 623.193 miles (1,002.93\u00a0km). The race day dawned hot and heavy. As the cars lined up for the Le Mans style start, ready to get the race underway, P\u00e9rez Jim\u00e9nez materialised and wanted to meet each of the drivers personally, so delaying the start. The President strolled among the 34 cars and their pilots who were nervously waiting under a broiling sun. When the flag finally fell, both the Maserati 450Ss stalled on the line, this enabled Dick Thompson\u2019s Corvette to take to initial lead with the Ferrari 335 Ss  in close formation behind.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [28, 40], "content_span": [41, 685]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075273-0005-0000", "contents": "1957 Venezuelan Grand Prix, Report, Race\nAs for Masten Gregory in the Temple Buell Maserati, he got off to a good start, and found it easy to past the Ferraris and Thompson on the long back straight. As Gregory braked for the narrow turn over a bridge, he glanced over his shoulder to see how far ahead of the Ferraris he was. This was a near-fatal miscalculation. In doing so, his car hit the curbing and overturned, trapping Gregory underneath. As this was on the opening lap, the Maserati would have had a full (60 gallons) tank of petrol, fearing fire he did not waiting for the marshals and kicked one of the doors off its hinges and crawled away, covered in blood from facial cuts.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [28, 40], "content_span": [41, 687]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075273-0006-0000", "contents": "1957 Venezuelan Grand Prix, Report, Race\nMeanwhile, Jean Behra\u2019s 450S had moved up into third place, trailing Mike Hawthorn and Peter Collins. As for Moss, he cut through the field at an incredible pace, passing 22 cars on the first lap, to cross the start line in tenth place. By lap seven, Behra had overtaken Hawthorn. By lap 16, Moss had passed both Behra and Hawthorn, and with Jo Bonnier\u2019s 300S moving into a position of close support, raising Maserati championship hopes despite the demise of Buell\u2019s car.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [28, 40], "content_span": [41, 512]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075273-0007-0000", "contents": "1957 Venezuelan Grand Prix, Report, Race\nOn the 32nd lap, Moss had smashed the lap record and held a two-minute lead over Behra. Then disaster struck, as on the next circuit Moss flashed his headlights as a warning to Joseph Hap Dressel in a slower AC Ace. Dressel pulled right into Moss\u2019s braking line, hoping the Englishmen would tuck in behind. Moss could not and the cars collided. The AC careened into a lamppost and was cut in half, nearly costing Dressel his life. As for Moss, he was badly shaken and front end of Maserati was torn off.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [28, 40], "content_span": [41, 544]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075273-0007-0001", "contents": "1957 Venezuelan Grand Prix, Report, Race\nJust four laps later, Behra brought the remaining 450S into the pits for re-fuelling. Once the car was refulled, the mechanic pulled out the hose and Behra told to go. When he hit the started button, there was an explosion and a belch of flame at the rear of the car, with burning petrol spewing out the fuel hose. The mechanic tried to smother the flaming hose while Behra vaulted out of the car, his overalls afire. The local fire brigade had the fire out almost as suddenly as it began. Behra was badly bruised from failing heavily on the concrete pit apron, while the mechanic, Guerino Bertocchi was painfully burned.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [28, 40], "content_span": [41, 662]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075273-0008-0000", "contents": "1957 Venezuelan Grand Prix, Report, Race\nAs for the car, it was all right, so team principal, Nello Ugolini instructed a dazed Moss to drive the smoking car, which was only three minutes behind the Ferrari. A lap later, Moss was back in pit lane, the seat was still smouldering, and so was Moss. The embers were doused, and Harry Schell took over the car. Schell was due to relieve Bonnier. Schell put up a tremendous show, pushing the 450S as fast as it could go and ultimately, he took the lead.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [28, 40], "content_span": [41, 497]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075273-0009-0000", "contents": "1957 Venezuelan Grand Prix, Report, Race\nOn lap 55, Schell was lapping Bonnier, when the slower car suffered a tyre blowout. Although Bonnier fought it, his car slewed around Schell\u2019s path. With both cars out of control, Bonnier elected to bail out at about 80\u00a0mph when he realised his car was going to collide with a lamppost. The post first cut halfway through the car, near the driver\u2019s seat, then fell brokenly on top of Schell\u2019s car; the car in flames, Schell jumped out just before the 450S hat a stone wall. At one single stroke, the last Maseratis were out of the race, and their championship hopes over.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [28, 40], "content_span": [41, 612]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075273-0010-0000", "contents": "1957 Venezuelan Grand Prix, Report, Race\nIt was all over now, and the Ferraris slowed their surviving car, ensuring they complete the remaining laps, and with the race in the bag, Scuderia Ferrari reclaimed the Manufacturers\u2019 World Championship. As a result of the Schell/Bonnier accident, Hill and Collins in car number 14, took an impressive victory, winning in a time of 6hrs :31.55.7\u00a0mins., averaging a speed of 95.404\u00a0mph. In second was the Ferrari of Hawthorn and Musso, one lap drift. The podium was complete by another works Ferrari, of Wolfgang von Trips and Wolfgang Seidel, who were four laps adrift. Fourth place also went to the Ferrari of Olivier Gendebien and Maurice Trintignant. They drew four-abreast to cross the finish line. Huschke von Hanstein and Edgar Barth salvaged fifth overall and a class win for Porsche in their Porsche 718RSK.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [28, 40], "content_span": [41, 857]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075273-0011-0000", "contents": "1957 Venezuelan Grand Prix, Report, Race\nTwo weeks after the race, Maserati announced that a controlled administration was taking over the management of the company and that the racing department, Officine Alfieri Maserati was closed.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [28, 40], "content_span": [41, 234]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075273-0012-0000", "contents": "1957 Venezuelan Grand Prix, Standings after the race\nChampionship points were awarded for the first six places in each race in the order of 8-6-4-3-2-1. Manufacturers were only awarded points for their highest finishing car with no points awarded for positions filled by additional cars. Only the best 4 results out of the 7 races could be retained by each manufacturer. Points earned but not counted towards the championship totals are listed within brackets in the above table.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [28, 52], "content_span": [53, 479]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075274-0000-0000", "contents": "1957 Venezuelan Primera Divisi\u00f3n season\nThe 1957 season of the Venezuelan Primera Divisi\u00f3n, the top category of Venezuelan football, was played by 6 teams. The national champions were Universidad Central.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [39, 39], "content_span": [40, 204]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075275-0000-0000", "contents": "1957 Venezuelan referendum\nA referendum on the presidential term and national and regional governors was held in Venezuela on 15 December 1957. Voters were asked whether they approved of President Marcos P\u00e9rez Jim\u00e9nez remaining in power without fresh elections, and appointing government nominees as members of the national parliament, regional assemblies and local councils. Jim\u00e9nez had been installed as President after the military rejected the results of the 1952 Venezuelan Constituent Assembly election. With the referendum held under non-democratic conditions, the measures were reportedly approved by 86.7% of voters.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [26, 26], "content_span": [27, 625]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075276-0000-0000", "contents": "1957 Vermont Catamounts football team\nThe 1957 Vermont Catamounts football team was an American football team that represented  the University of Vermont in the Yankee Conference during the 1957 NCAA College Division football season. In their sixth year under head coach J. Edward Donnelly, the team compiled a 2\u20135 record.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [37, 37], "content_span": [38, 322]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075277-0000-0000", "contents": "1957 Victorian Tourist Trophy\nThe 1957 Victorian Tourist Trophy was a motor race for Sports Cars staged at the Albert Park Circuit in Victoria, Australia on 17 March 1957. The race was contested over 32 laps, a total distance of 100 miles. It was the main event at the 17 March race meeting organised by the Light Car Club of Australia and promoted by the Albert Park Motor Race Committee.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [29, 29], "content_span": [30, 389]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075277-0001-0000", "contents": "1957 Victorian Tourist Trophy\nThe race was won by Doug Whiteford driving a Maserati 300S.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [29, 29], "content_span": [30, 89]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075278-0000-0000", "contents": "1957 Villanova Wildcats football team\nThe 1957 Villanova Wildcats football team represented the Villanova University during the 1957 NCAA University Division football season. The head coach was Frank Reagan, coaching his fourth season with the Wildcats. The team played their home games at Villanova Stadium in Villanova, Pennsylvania.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [37, 37], "content_span": [38, 335]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075279-0000-0000", "contents": "1957 Vincentian general election\nGeneral elections were held in Saint Vincent and the Grenadines on 12 September 1957. The result was a victory for the People's Political Party, which won five of the eight seats. Voter turnout was 70.9%.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [32, 32], "content_span": [33, 237]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075280-0000-0000", "contents": "1957 Virginia 500\nThe 1957 Virginia 500 was a NASCAR Grand National Series event that was held on May 19, 1957, at Martinsville Speedway in Martinsville, Virginia.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [17, 17], "content_span": [18, 163]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075280-0001-0000", "contents": "1957 Virginia 500\nBarney Oldfield made his only NASCAR Cup Series appearance at this event. Months after this race, the Automobile Manufacturers Association decided to legally separate themselves from all forms of automobile racing that was being held in the United States; donating millions of dollars in machinery directly to the drivers.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [17, 17], "content_span": [18, 340]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075280-0002-0000", "contents": "1957 Virginia 500, Background\nMartinsville Speedway is one of five short tracks to hold NASCAR races. The standard track at Martinsville Speedway is a four-turn short track oval that is 0.526 miles (0.847\u00a0km) long. The track's turns are banked at eleven degrees, while the front stretch, the location of the finish line, is banked at zero degrees. The back stretch also has a zero degree banking.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 29], "content_span": [30, 396]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075280-0003-0000", "contents": "1957 Virginia 500, Race report\nIt took nearly four hours to race 441 laps worth of stock car automobile racing. While originally scheduled for 500 laps, it was stopped prematurely due to a bad in-race crash. Tom Pistone and Billy Myers would end up getting involved in the collision on lap 441; making Buck Baker the automatic winner. Just before the accident took form, Pistone straightened his car and continued. Myers headed for the wall and then jumped it near where a crowd of folks was standing. The 24-driver starting lineup was made up of drivers who were all born in the United States of America. T.A. Toomes would take up the last-place position due to problems with his gasket on lap 121.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 30], "content_span": [31, 699]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075280-0004-0000", "contents": "1957 Virginia 500, Race report\nPaul Goldsmith, Tiny Lund and Buck Baker would dominate the laps prior to the accident. The victory of Buck Baker over second-place finisher Curtis Turner would demonstrate the power of the 1957 Chevrolet. Although its real-life counterpart had fuel injection, the NASCAR version had to use a carburetor. Fuel injection did not become legal in what is now known as the Monster Energy NASCAR Cup Series until the 2012 season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 30], "content_span": [31, 455]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075280-0005-0000", "contents": "1957 Virginia 500, Race report\nIndividual race earnings for this event ranged from the winner's share of $3,170 ($29,210 when adjusted for inflation) to the last-place finisher's share of $125 ($1,152 when adjusted for inflation). A grand total of $12,240 was handed out by NASCAR officials for the explicit purpose of paying off the qualifying drivers ($112,785 when adjusted for inflation). Jess Potter was the only notable crew chief to take part in the race, leading the pit road crew of Brownie King's Chevrolet.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 30], "content_span": [31, 517]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075280-0006-0000", "contents": "1957 Virginia 500, Race report, Qualifying\nFailed to qualify: Emanuel Zervakis (#11), Bill Champion (#35), Nace Mattingly (#154), Frank Jamison (#80)", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 42], "content_span": [43, 149]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075281-0000-0000", "contents": "1957 Virginia Cavaliers football team\nThe 1957 Virginia Cavaliers football team represented the University of Virginia during the 1957 NCAA University Division football season. The Cavaliers were led by second-year head coach Ben Martin and played their home games at Scott Stadium in Charlottesville, Virginia. They competed as members of the Atlantic Coast Conference, finishing in sixth. At the conclusion of the season, Martin resigned as head coach to accept the head coaching position at the United States Air Force Academy.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [37, 37], "content_span": [38, 530]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075282-0000-0000", "contents": "1957 Virginia gubernatorial election\nIn the 1957 Virginia gubernatorial election, incumbent Governor Thomas B. Stanley, a Democrat, was unable to seek re-election due to term limits. Virginia State Senator Theodore Roosevelt Dalton was once again nominated by the Republican Party to run against former Democratic Attorney General of Virginia J. Lindsay Almond.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [36, 36], "content_span": [37, 361]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075283-0000-0000", "contents": "1957 Volta a Catalunya\nThe 1957 Volta a Catalunya was the 37th edition of the Volta a Catalunya cycle race and was held from 1 September to 8 September 1957. The race started in Montju\u00efc and finished in Barcelona. The race was won by Jes\u00fas Loro\u00f1o.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [22, 22], "content_span": [23, 247]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075284-0000-0000", "contents": "1957 Vuelta a Espa\u00f1a\nThe 12th Vuelta a Espa\u00f1a (Tour of Spain), a long-distance bicycle stage race and one of the three grand tours, was held from 26 April to 12 May 1957. It consisted of 16 stages covering a total of 2,967\u00a0km (1,844\u00a0mi), and was won by Jes\u00fas Loro\u00f1o. Vicente Iturat won the points classification and Federico Bahamontes won the mountains classification.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [20, 20], "content_span": [21, 369]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075285-0000-0000", "contents": "1957 WANFL season\nThe 1957 WANFL season was the 73rd season of senior football in Perth, Western Australia.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [17, 17], "content_span": [18, 107]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075286-0000-0000", "contents": "1957 Wagga Wagga state by-election\nA by-election was held for the New South Wales Legislative Assembly electorate of Wagga Wagga on 14 December 1957. The election was triggered by the death of  Eddie Graham (Labor).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [34, 34], "content_span": [35, 215]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075287-0000-0000", "contents": "1957 Wake Forest Demon Deacons football team\nThe 1957 Wake Forest Demon Deacons football team was an American football team that represented Wake Forest University during the 1957 NCAA University Division football season. In their second season under head coach Paul Amen, the Demon Deacons compiled a 0\u201310 record and finished in last place in the Atlantic Coast Conference.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [44, 44], "content_span": [45, 374]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075288-0000-0000", "contents": "1957 Walker Cup\nThe 1957 Walker Cup, the 16th Walker Cup Match, was played on August 30 and 31, 1957, at the Minikahda Club, Minneapolis, Minnesota. The United States won by 8 matches to 3 with one match halved.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 15], "section_span": [15, 15], "content_span": [16, 211]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075288-0001-0000", "contents": "1957 Walker Cup, Format\nFour 36-hole matches of foursomes were played on Friday and eight singles matches on Saturday. Each of the 12 matches was worth one point in the larger team competition. If a match was all square after the 36th hole extra holes were not played. The team with most points won the competition. If the two teams were tied, the previous winner would retain the trophy.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 15], "section_span": [17, 23], "content_span": [24, 388]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075288-0002-0000", "contents": "1957 Walker Cup, Teams\nTen players for the United States and Great Britain & Ireland participated in the event plus one non-playing captain for each team. Michael Bonallack was in the Great Britain & Ireland team but was not selected for any matches.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 15], "section_span": [17, 22], "content_span": [23, 250]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075289-0000-0000", "contents": "1957 Warwick and Leamington by-election\nThe 1957 Warwick and Leamington by-election was fought on 7 March 1957 when the incumbent Conservative MP, the ex-Prime Minister Sir Anthony Eden, retired from Parliament. The seat was retained by the Conservative candidate John Hobson.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [39, 39], "content_span": [40, 276]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075290-0000-0000", "contents": "1957 Washington Huskies football team\nThe 1957 Washington Huskies football team was an American football team that represented the University of Washington during the 1957 NCAA University Division football season. In its first season under head coach Jim Owens, the team compiled a 3\u20136\u20131 record, sixth in the Pacific Coast Conference, and was outscored 212\u00a0to\u00a0120.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [37, 37], "content_span": [38, 364]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075290-0001-0000", "contents": "1957 Washington Huskies football team\nFollowing the previous season, first-year head coach Darrell Royal left for Texas in December, after less than ten months in Seattle. Hired in January, Owens was a teammate of Royal's at Oklahoma and was an assistant coach under Bear Bryant for the previous six years at Kentucky and\u00a0Texas\u00a0A&M.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [37, 37], "content_span": [38, 332]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075290-0002-0000", "contents": "1957 Washington Huskies football team, NFL Draft selections\nTwo University of Washington Huskies were selected in the 1958 NFL Draft, which lasted thirty rounds with 360 selections.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [39, 59], "content_span": [60, 181]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075291-0000-0000", "contents": "1957 Washington Redskins season\nThe 1957 Washington Redskins season was the franchise's 26th season in the National Football League (NFL) and their 21st in Washington, D.C.. the team failed to improve on their 6\u20136 record from 1956 and finished 5-6-1.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [31, 31], "content_span": [32, 250]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075291-0001-0000", "contents": "1957 Washington Redskins season, Regular season, Standings\nNote: Tie games were not officially counted in the standings until 1972.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 58], "content_span": [59, 131]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075292-0000-0000", "contents": "1957 Washington Senators season\nThe 1957 Washington Senators won 55 games and lost 99 in their 57th year in the American League, and finished in eighth and last place, attracting 457,079 spectators to Griffith Stadium, last in the major leagues. Chuck Dressen began the year as their manager, but after the Senators dropped 16 of their first 20 games, Dressen was replaced by Cookie Lavagetto on May 7. Lavagetto, a longtime aide to Dressen, went 51\u201383 for the rest of the year, but would remain at the club's helm into June 1961, its first season as the Minnesota Twins.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [31, 31], "content_span": [32, 571]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075292-0001-0000", "contents": "1957 Washington Senators season\nThe 1957 Senators set an MLB record which still stands for the fewest stolen bases by a team in a season, with only 13. Washington left fielder Roy Sievers set a new team record with 42 home runs to the lead the Junior Circuit, as he benefited from Griffith Stadium's shorter dimensions in left and left-center field, which had been implemented before the 1956 campaign.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [31, 31], "content_span": [32, 402]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075292-0002-0000", "contents": "1957 Washington Senators season, Player stats, Batting, Starters by position\nNote: Pos = Position; G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 76], "content_span": [77, 201]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075292-0003-0000", "contents": "1957 Washington Senators season, Player stats, Batting, Other batters\nNote: G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 69], "content_span": [70, 178]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075292-0004-0000", "contents": "1957 Washington Senators season, Player stats, Pitching, Starting pitchers\nNote: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 74], "content_span": [75, 185]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075292-0005-0000", "contents": "1957 Washington Senators season, Player stats, Pitching, Other pitchers\nNote: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 71], "content_span": [72, 182]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075292-0006-0000", "contents": "1957 Washington Senators season, Player stats, Pitching, Relief pitchers\nNote: G = Games pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; SV = Saves; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 72], "content_span": [73, 173]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075292-0007-0000", "contents": "1957 Washington Senators season, Farm system\nKinston franchise transferred to Wilson and renamed, May 11, 1957; Midland franchise transferred to Lamesa, August 1, 1957", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 44], "content_span": [45, 167]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075293-0000-0000", "contents": "1957 Washington State Cougars football team\nThe 1957 Washington State Cougars football team was an American football team that represented Washington State College during the 1957 NCAA University Division football season. Led by second-year head coach Jim Sutherland, the team posted a 6\u20134 overall record, and were 5\u20133 in the Pacific Coast Conference.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 43], "section_span": [43, 43], "content_span": [44, 351]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075293-0001-0000", "contents": "1957 Washington State Cougars football team, NFL Draft\nFour Cougars were selected in the 1958 NFL Draft, which was thirty rounds (360 selections).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 43], "section_span": [45, 54], "content_span": [55, 146]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075294-0000-0000", "contents": "1957 Waterford Senior Hurling Championship\nThe 1957 Waterford Senior Hurling Championship was the 57th staging of the Waterford Senior Hurling Championship since its establishment by the Waterford County Board in 1897.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 42], "section_span": [42, 42], "content_span": [43, 218]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075294-0001-0000", "contents": "1957 Waterford Senior Hurling Championship\nOn 15 December 1957, Mount Sion won the championship after a 2-10 to 1-02 defeat of Abbeyside in the final. This was their 13th championship title overall and their fifth title in succession.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 42], "section_span": [42, 42], "content_span": [43, 234]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075295-0000-0000", "contents": "1957 Wednesbury by-election\nThe 1957 Wednesbury by-election was held on 28 February 1957 after the incumbent Labour MP, Stanley Evans, resigned from the House of Commons and the Labour Party after he had refused to vote against the Conservative government on the Suez Crisis. The Labour candidate, John Stonehouse, retained the seat with an increased majority.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [27, 27], "content_span": [28, 360]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075295-0001-0000", "contents": "1957 Wednesbury by-election, Background\nIn November 1956 there was a vote of confidence in the Conservative government caused by the Suez Crisis. Evans abstained on the vote, being the only Labour MP not to follow the party whip. Although he was not disciplined by the Parliamentary Labour Party, the Wednesbury Divisional Labour Party were highly critical of him. On 17 November the Divisional Party unanimously passed a resolution calling on him to resign, and on 20 November Evans announced his resignation from both the House of Commons and the Labour Party. He formally resigned his seat by taking the office of Crown Steward and Bailiff of the three Chiltern Hundreds of Stoke, Desborough and Burnham on 26 November.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 39], "content_span": [40, 722]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075295-0002-0000", "contents": "1957 Wednesbury by-election, Candidates\nThe resulting by-election was held on 28 February 1957. The Labour Party chose John Stonehouse, a lecturer who had previously unsuccessfully contested two general elections at Twickenham and Burton-upon-Trent. The Conservatives chose Peter Tapsell, a former member of the Conservative Research Department. An independent candidate, Wolverhampton solicitor Michael Wade, announced his candidacy hours before the close of nominations on 18 February.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 39], "content_span": [40, 487]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075295-0003-0000", "contents": "1957 Wednesbury by-election, Result\nStonehouse held the seat for Labour with an increased majority.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 35], "content_span": [36, 99]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075296-0000-0000", "contents": "1957 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election\nThe  West Bengal state assembly election of 1957 was part of a series of state assembly elections in 1957.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 46], "section_span": [46, 46], "content_span": [47, 153]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075296-0001-0000", "contents": "1957 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election, State Reorganization\nOn 1 November 1956, under States Reorganisation Act, 1956, a portion of the Purnea district east of the river Mahananda and the Purulia sub-district of the Manbhum district in the south (except Char Thana) were transferred from Bihar to West Bengal. Thus, assembly constituencies in West Bengal increased from 187 (238 seats) to 195 (252 seats) during 1957 assembly elections.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 46], "section_span": [48, 68], "content_span": [69, 445]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075296-0002-0000", "contents": "1957 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election, Alliances\nOn the political left two alliances had emerged; the United Left Election Committee (an alliance between the Communist Party of India, the Praja Socialist Party, the Forward Bloc, Marxist Forward Bloc and the Revolutionary Socialist Party) and the United Left Front (comprising the Socialist Unity Centre of India, the Bolshevik Party of India, the Republican Party and the Democratic Vanguard). A third alliance was the United Democratic People's Front, consisting of Bharatiya Jana Sangh, Hindu Mahasabha and the Revolutionary Communist Party of India.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 46], "section_span": [48, 57], "content_span": [58, 612]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075296-0003-0000", "contents": "1957 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election, Results, Alliance wise result\nThe election was won by the Indian National Congress, who got a majority of its own in the assembly. The communists became the largest opposition party.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 46], "section_span": [48, 77], "content_span": [78, 230]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075297-0000-0000", "contents": "1957 West German federal election\nFederal elections were held in West Germany on 15 September 1957 to elect the members of the third Bundestag. The Christian Democratic Union and its longtime ally, the Christian Social Union in Bavaria, won a sweeping victory, taking 270 seats in the Bundestag to win the first \u2013 and to date, only \u2013 absolute majority for a single German parliamentary group in a free election.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [33, 33], "content_span": [34, 411]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075297-0001-0000", "contents": "1957 West German federal election\nThis was the first West German federal election to take place in the Saarland, which \u2013 as Saar protectorate \u2013 had been a separate entity under French control between 1946 and 1956.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [33, 33], "content_span": [34, 214]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075297-0002-0000", "contents": "1957 West German federal election, Campaign\nFederal Chancellor Adenauer had some solid advantages over his Social Democratic opponent, Erich Ollenhauer; West Germany had become fully sovereign in 1955 and had joined the European Economic Community in March 1957. Its economy was growing steadily with very low unemployment, and most West Germans felt more prosperous and more secure than in 1949 or 1953. Although the West German economic growth was more directly enhanced by the social market economy policies of Economics Minister Ludwig Erhard, many West German voters gave Adenauer the credit for it.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 43], "content_span": [44, 604]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075297-0003-0000", "contents": "1957 West German federal election, Results\nThe All-German Bloc lost all of their seats, but the ideologically similar German Party maintained theirs. It was the last time in the 20th century that a party to the right of the CDU/CSU Union gained seats in the Bundestag.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 42], "content_span": [43, 268]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075297-0004-0000", "contents": "1957 West German federal election, Aftermath\nKonrad Adenauer led the CDU-CSU coalition to a landslide victory. The CDU-CSU won an outright majority\u2014to date, the only time a German party has been elected to a majority government in a free election (the CDU and CSU sit as a single bloc in the Bundestag).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 44], "content_span": [45, 303]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075298-0000-0000", "contents": "1957 West Virginia Mountaineers football team\nThe 1957 West Virginia Mountaineers football team represented West Virginia University during the 1957 NCAA University Division football season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 45], "section_span": [45, 45], "content_span": [46, 190]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075299-0000-0000", "contents": "1957 Western Michigan Broncos football team\nThe 1957 Western Michigan Broncos football team represented Western Michigan University in the Mid-American Conference (MAC) during the 1957 NCAA University Division football season. In their first season under head coach Merle Schlosser, the Broncos compiled a 4\u20134\u20131 record (1\u20134\u20131 against MAC opponents), finished in fifth place in the MAC, and were outscored by their opponents, 150 to 126. The team played its home games at Waldo Stadium in Kalamazoo, Michigan.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 43], "section_span": [43, 43], "content_span": [44, 508]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075299-0001-0000", "contents": "1957 Western Michigan Broncos football team\nQuarterback Bob Mason was the team captain. End Joe Grigg received the team's most outstanding player award.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 43], "section_span": [43, 43], "content_span": [44, 152]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075299-0002-0000", "contents": "1957 Western Michigan Broncos football team\nMerle Schlosser was named head football coach on January 19, 1957. Schlosser was a 29-year old Illinois graduate who had been an assistant coach at Missouri under Don Faurot in 1955 and 1956.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 43], "section_span": [43, 43], "content_span": [44, 235]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075300-0000-0000", "contents": "1957 Western Samoan general election\nGeneral elections were held in Western Samoa on 15 November 1957.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [36, 36], "content_span": [37, 102]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075300-0001-0000", "contents": "1957 Western Samoan general election, Background\nA Constitutional Convention was held in 1954, which recommended the merger of the 41-member Fono of Faipule and the 29-member Legislative Assembly into a new 48-member Legislative Assembly with 41 elected Samoan members, five elected European members and two ministers (the Minister of Finance and Minister of Justice), with the number of Samoan members rising to 45 in future in line with population increases. The 41 Samoan members would be elected from the same constituencies used for the Fono of Faipule, with voting restricted to matais. The five European members would be elected from a single nationwide constituency by universal suffrage for people with European status; of the 1,432 people with European status, around 175 were European, 125 Chinese and 1,100 mixed-race.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 48], "content_span": [49, 830]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075300-0002-0000", "contents": "1957 Western Samoan general election, Background\nThe proposals also introduced cabinet government, with a Premier chosen by the Legislative Assembly, and proposed making the two Fautuas, Tupua Tamasese Mea\u02bbole and Malietoa Tanumafili II, joint heads of state for life, which was approved by the vast majority of the 170 delegates and opposed by only around six. The decision provoked a furious response from Fiame Mata'afa Faumuina Mulinu'u II, one of the other four paramount chiefs alongside Tamasese and Malietoa, and on the final day of the convention, Mata'afa announced that he would withdraw from public life in protest at the decision.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 48], "content_span": [49, 643]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075300-0003-0000", "contents": "1957 Western Samoan general election, Campaign\nIn 31 of the 41 Samoan seats, there was only one candidate, resulting in no vote taking place and the candidate being returned unopposed. The five European seats were contested by 11 candidates, including all five incumbent MLAs. Five of the European candidates (incumbent Peter Plowman and four others) ran as the Progressive Citizens League, with the rest standing as independents.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 46], "content_span": [47, 430]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075300-0004-0000", "contents": "1957 Western Samoan general election, Results\nIn the Samoan seats, six of the incumbent MLCs were re-elected. In the European seats, the Progressive Citizens League won four of the five seats, with three of the five incumbents losing their seats. Around 1,100 of the 1,432 European voters voted.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 45], "content_span": [46, 295]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075300-0005-0000", "contents": "1957 Western Samoan general election, Aftermath\nFollowing the elections, Luafatasaga Kalapu was elected as the first Speaker. An Executive Council of six ministers was appointed. Despite his previous announcement that he would withdraw from public life, Fiame Mata'afa Faumuina Mulinu'u II was amongst its members.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 47], "content_span": [48, 314]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075300-0006-0000", "contents": "1957 Western Samoan general election, Aftermath\nFormal cabinet government was introduced in 1959, with the new government sworn in on 1 October 1959, headed by Mata'afa as Western Samoa's first Prime Minister.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 47], "content_span": [48, 209]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075301-0000-0000", "contents": "1957 Wichita Shockers football team\nThe 1957 Wichita Shockers football team, sometimes known as the Wheatshockers, was an American football team that represented Wichita  University (now known as Wichita State University) as a member of the Missouri Valley Conference during the 1957 NCAA University Division football season. In its first season under head coach Woody Woodard, the team compiled a 1\u20139 record (0\u20133 against conference opponents), finished in fifth place out of five teams in the MVC, and was outscored by a total of 250 to 66. The team played its home games at Veterans Field, now known as Cessna Stadium.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [35, 35], "content_span": [36, 620]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075302-0000-0000", "contents": "1957 Wightman Cup\nThe 1957 Wightman Cup was the 29th edition of the annual women's team tennis competition between the United States and Great Britain. It was held in Edgeworth, Pennsylvania in the United States.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [17, 17], "content_span": [18, 212]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075303-0000-0000", "contents": "1957 William & Mary Indians football team\nThe 1957 William & Mary Indians football team represented William & Mary during the 1957 NCAA University Division football season. On November 9,\u00a01957, William & Mary traveled to Raleigh, North Carolina to play #10\u00a0ranked NC State in Riddick Stadium. The Indians\u00a0(2\u20135\u20130) stunned the Wolfpack\u00a0(5\u20130\u20132) with a\u00a07\u20136\u00a0win. The loss dropped NC State nine spots in the following AP Poll to #19. It marked the first time that William & Mary had ever defeated a national top\u00a010\u00a0opponent", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 41], "section_span": [41, 41], "content_span": [42, 517]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075304-0000-0000", "contents": "1957 Wimbledon Championships\nThe 1957 Wimbledon Championships took place on the outdoor grass courts at the All England Lawn Tennis and Croquet Club in Wimbledon, London, United Kingdom. The tournament was held from Monday 24 June until Saturday 6 July 1957. It was the 71st staging of the Wimbledon Championships, and the third Grand Slam tennis event of 1957. Lew Hoad and Althea Gibson won the singles titles.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [28, 28], "content_span": [29, 412]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075304-0001-0000", "contents": "1957 Wimbledon Championships, Champions, Seniors, Men's Doubles\nGardnar Mulloy /  Budge Patty defeated  Neale Fraser /  Lew Hoad, 8\u201310, 6\u20134, 6\u20134, 6\u20134", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 63], "content_span": [64, 149]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075304-0002-0000", "contents": "1957 Wimbledon Championships, Champions, Seniors, Women's Doubles\nAlthea Gibson /  Darlene Hard defeated  Mary Hawton /  Thelma Long, 6\u20131, 6\u20132", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 65], "content_span": [66, 142]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075304-0003-0000", "contents": "1957 Wimbledon Championships, Champions, Seniors, Mixed Doubles\nMervyn Rose /  Darlene Hard defeated  Neale Fraser /  Althea Gibson, 6\u20134, 7\u20135", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 63], "content_span": [64, 141]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075305-0000-0000", "contents": "1957 Wimbledon Championships \u2013 Boys' Singles\nJimmy Tattersall defeated Ivo Ribeiro in the final, 6\u20132, 6\u20131 to win the Boys' Singles tennis title at the 1957 Wimbledon Championships.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [44, 44], "content_span": [45, 180]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075306-0000-0000", "contents": "1957 Wimbledon Championships \u2013 Girls' Singles\nMimi Arnold defeated Rosie Reyes in the final, 8\u20136, 6\u20132 to win the Girls' Singles tennis title at the 1957 Wimbledon Championships.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 45], "section_span": [45, 45], "content_span": [46, 177]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075307-0000-0000", "contents": "1957 Wimbledon Championships \u2013 Men's Doubles\nLew Hoad and Ken Rosewall were the defending champions, but Rosewall was ineligible to compete after turning professional.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [44, 44], "content_span": [45, 167]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075307-0001-0000", "contents": "1957 Wimbledon Championships \u2013 Men's Doubles\nGardnar Mulloy and Budge Patty defeated Hoad and Neale Fraser in the final, 8\u201310, 8\u20136, 6\u20134, 6\u20134 to win the Gentlemen' Doubles tennis title at the 1957 Wimbledon Championship.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [44, 44], "content_span": [45, 219]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075307-0002-0000", "contents": "1957 Wimbledon Championships \u2013 Men's Doubles, Seeds\nClick on the seed number of a player to go to their draw section.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [46, 51], "content_span": [52, 117]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075308-0000-0000", "contents": "1957 Wimbledon Championships \u2013 Men's Singles\nLew Hoad successfully defended his title, defeating Ashley Cooper in the final, 6\u20132, 6\u20131, 6\u20132 to win the Gentlemen's Singles tennis title at the 1957 Wimbledon Championships.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [44, 44], "content_span": [45, 219]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075308-0001-0000", "contents": "1957 Wimbledon Championships \u2013 Men's Singles, Seeds\nClick on the seed number of a player to go to their draw section.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [46, 51], "content_span": [52, 117]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075309-0000-0000", "contents": "1957 Wimbledon Championships \u2013 Mixed Doubles\nVic Seixas and Shirley Fry were the defending champions, but Fry did not compete. Seixas partnered with Louise Brough, but they lost in the fourth round to Luis Ayala and Thelma Long.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [44, 44], "content_span": [45, 228]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075309-0001-0000", "contents": "1957 Wimbledon Championships \u2013 Mixed Doubles\nMervyn Rose and Darlene Hard defeated Neale Fraser and Althea Gibson in the final, 6\u20134, 7\u20135 to win the Mixed Doubles tennis title at the 1957 Wimbledon Championships.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [44, 44], "content_span": [45, 211]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075309-0002-0000", "contents": "1957 Wimbledon Championships \u2013 Mixed Doubles, Seeds\nClick on the seed number of a player to go to their draw section.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [46, 51], "content_span": [52, 117]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075310-0000-0000", "contents": "1957 Wimbledon Championships \u2013 Women's Doubles\nAngela Buxton and Althea Gibson were the defending champions, but Buxton did not compete. Gibson partnered with Darlene Hard, and they defeated Mary Hawton and Thelma Long in the final, 6\u20131, 6\u20132 to win the Ladies' Doubles tennis title at the 1957 Wimbledon Championships.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 46], "section_span": [46, 46], "content_span": [47, 318]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075310-0001-0000", "contents": "1957 Wimbledon Championships \u2013 Women's Doubles, Seeds\nClick on the seed number of a player to go to their draw section.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 46], "section_span": [48, 53], "content_span": [54, 119]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075311-0000-0000", "contents": "1957 Wimbledon Championships \u2013 Women's Singles\nAlthea Gibson defeated Darlene Hard in the final, 6\u20133, 6\u20132 to win the Ladies' Singles tennis title at the 1957 Wimbledon Championships. Gibson was the first African American player to win a singles title at Wimbledon. Shirley Fry was the defending champion, but did not compete.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 46], "section_span": [46, 46], "content_span": [47, 325]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075311-0001-0000", "contents": "1957 Wimbledon Championships \u2013 Women's Singles, Seeds\nClick on the seed number of a player to go to their draw section.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 46], "section_span": [48, 53], "content_span": [54, 119]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075312-0000-0000", "contents": "1957 Wisconsin Badgers football team\nThe 1957 Wisconsin Badgers football team represented the University of Wisconsin in the 1957 Big Ten Conference football season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [36, 36], "content_span": [37, 165]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075313-0000-0000", "contents": "1957 Wollondilly state by-election\nA by-election was held for the New South Wales Legislative Assembly electorate of Wollondilly on 26 October 1957. The election was triggered by the resignation of Blake Pelly (Liberal).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [34, 34], "content_span": [35, 220]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075314-0000-0000", "contents": "1957 Women's British Open Squash Championship\nThe 1957 Ladies Open Championships was held at the Lansdowne Club in London from 18 to 23 February. Janet Morgan won her eighth consecutive title defeating Sheila Speight in a repeat of the 1956 final.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 45], "section_span": [45, 45], "content_span": [46, 247]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075315-0000-0000", "contents": "1957 Women's Western Open\nThe 1957 Women's Western Open was contested from April 25\u201328 at Montgomery Country Club. It was the 28th edition of the Women's Western Open.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [25, 25], "content_span": [26, 167]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075316-0000-0000", "contents": "1957 World Archery Championships\nThe 1957 World Archery Championships was the 18th edition of the World Archery Championships. The event was held in Prague, Czechoslovakia in July 1957 and was organised by World Archery Federation (FITA). All individual medals were won by archers from the United States. It also marked the first Championship where archers from one country won all events, a feat the United States went on to repeat in 1959, 1961 and 1963.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [32, 32], "content_span": [33, 456]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075317-0000-0000", "contents": "1957 World Fencing Championships\nThe 1957 World Fencing Championships were held in Paris, France.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [32, 32], "content_span": [33, 97]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075318-0000-0000", "contents": "1957 World Figure Skating Championships\nThe World Figure Skating Championships is an annual figure skating competition sanctioned by the International Skating Union in which figure skaters compete for the title of World Champion.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [39, 39], "content_span": [40, 229]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075318-0001-0000", "contents": "1957 World Figure Skating Championships\nThe 1957 competitions for men, ladies, pair skating, and ice dancing took place from February 26 to March 2 in Colorado Springs, Colorado, USA.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [39, 39], "content_span": [40, 183]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075319-0000-0000", "contents": "1957 World Modern Pentathlon Championships\nThe 1957 World Modern Pentathlon Championships were held in Stockholm, Sweden.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 42], "section_span": [42, 42], "content_span": [43, 121]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075320-0000-0000", "contents": "1957 World Professional Match-play Championship\nThe 1957 World Professional Match-play Championship was a professional snooker tournament held from 1 to 13 April in Saint Helier, Jersey. This was the 1957 edition of the World Snooker Championship first held in 1927. John Pulman won the event for the first time by defeating Jackie Rea 39\u201334 in the 73\u2013frame final. Rea led in the early stages but Pulman pulled ahead and took a winning lead of 37\u201329 after the final afternoon session.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 47], "section_span": [47, 47], "content_span": [48, 484]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075320-0001-0000", "contents": "1957 World Professional Match-play Championship\nThere were four participants. All three matches were played at the Jersey Billliards Association Match Room. Fred Davis was the defending champion, having won the 1956 World Professional Match-play Championship 38\u201335 against Pulman in the final, but declined to take part in the 1957 event. The world snooker championship was not contested again until 1964 due to a decline in the popularity of professional snooker making the tournament unviable.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 47], "section_span": [47, 47], "content_span": [48, 495]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075320-0002-0000", "contents": "1957 World Professional Match-play Championship, Background\nThe World Snooker Championship is a professional tournament and the official world championship of the game of snooker. The sport was developed in the late 19th century by British Army soldiers stationed in India. Professional English billiards player and billiard hall manager Joe Davis noticed the increasing popularity of snooker compared to billiards in the 1920s, and with Birmingham-based billiards equipment manager Bill Camkin, persuaded the Billiards Association and Control Council (BACC) to recognise an official professional snooker championship in the 1926\u201327 season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 47], "section_span": [49, 59], "content_span": [60, 640]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075320-0002-0001", "contents": "1957 World Professional Match-play Championship, Background\nIn 1927, the final of the first professional snooker championship was held at Camkin's Hall; Davis won the tournament by beating Tom Dennis in the final. The annual competition was not titled the World Championship until 1935, but the 1927 tournament is now referred to as the first World Snooker Championship. Davis also won the title each year until 1940, when the contest was cancelled during World War II, and again when the championship resumed in 1946, accumulating a total of 15 titles before retiring from the event.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 47], "section_span": [49, 59], "content_span": [60, 584]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075320-0003-0000", "contents": "1957 World Professional Match-play Championship, Background\nIn 1952, the World Professional Match-play Championship was created following a dispute between the Professional Billiards Players' Association (PBPA) and the BACC.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 47], "section_span": [49, 59], "content_span": [60, 224]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075320-0003-0001", "contents": "1957 World Professional Match-play Championship, Background\nIn response to player complaints that the BACC was taking too large a percentage of income from the tournament, the BACC claimed that the championship \"has always been, and in theory is to be, regarded as an affair of honour and a test of merit\", and that \"every effort is made to arrange terms advantageous to the professionals competing in the championship, compatible with securing an equitable return for the promoters of it, the B.A.& C.C.\" The PBPA members established an alternative competition which became known as the World Professional Match-play Championship, now recognised as world championships.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 47], "section_span": [49, 59], "content_span": [60, 670]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075320-0003-0002", "contents": "1957 World Professional Match-play Championship, Background\nThere were four entrants for the 1957 World Professional Match-play Championship: John Pulman, Jackie Rea, Rex Williams, and Kingsley Kennerley. Defending champion Fred Davis, who had won the world championship in 1948, 1949 and 1951, and the five previous editions of the World Professional Match-play Championship, each year from 1952 to 1956, did not enter the 1957 tournament.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 47], "section_span": [49, 59], "content_span": [60, 440]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075320-0004-0000", "contents": "1957 World Professional Match-play Championship, Background\nIn March 1957, Pulman won the 1956/1957 News of the World Snooker Tournament, which had been a handicapped competition. With Fred Davis declining to enter the World Matchplay competition because he was taking a \"rest\" from it, Pulman, who had been the runner-up in the tournament in the two-previous years, was said by the Hartlepool Northern Daily Mail to be a \"hot favourite\" to win it in 1957.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 47], "section_span": [49, 59], "content_span": [60, 456]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075320-0005-0000", "contents": "1957 World Professional Match-play Championship, Summary\nThe 1957 World Professional Match-play Championship was held at Saint Helier, Jersey, from 1 to 13 April 1957, organised by the Jersey Billiards Association for the PBPA. All matches were played at the Jersey Billiards Association Match Room, Le Geyt Street, and were refereed by S. A. de Gruchy.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 47], "section_span": [49, 56], "content_span": [57, 353]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075320-0006-0000", "contents": "1957 World Professional Match-play Championship, Summary\nRea was 4\u20132 ahead after the opening session, and achieved a 9\u20133 lead over Kennerley after the first day. The Jersey Evening Post reported that the first day's play was \"generally disappointing\", with the highest break in the afternoon session being only 34, made by Kennerley. The first session had an audience of only four people, and there were twelve spectators for the evening session. Rea won all six frames on the second afternoon, for 15\u20133, making an 85 break in the 19th frame. With the six evening frames shared between the pair, Rea led 18\u20136 after the second day. Rea won the first frame on the third day to achieve a winning margin at 19\u20136, and after dead frames, won 25\u201312. During the dead frames, which had an audience of around 80 people, Rea compiled the highest break of the match, a 92, in the 23rd frame.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 47], "section_span": [49, 56], "content_span": [57, 879]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075320-0007-0000", "contents": "1957 World Professional Match-play Championship, Summary\nWilliams won only one frame, the fourth, in the first session against Pulman, but reduced his deficit from 1\u20135 after the first session to 5\u20137 after the second session. The highest break was 72, from Pulman. The pair each won three frames on the second afternoon, leaving Pulman 10\u20138 ahead, before Williams took four of the six evening frames to level the match at 12\u201312 after Pulman had missed several easy pots. On the last day, Pulman claimed the first three frames. Williams then won the following frame, and added another which was decided on a re-spotted black.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 47], "section_span": [49, 56], "content_span": [57, 623]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075320-0007-0001", "contents": "1957 World Professional Match-play Championship, Summary\nPulman took the session's last frame and led 16\u201314. In the evening, Williams won the first frame with a 65 break that the Jersey Evening Post reported \"gained the most enthusiastic and sustained burst of applause of the week's play.\" Pulman achieved a winning margin at 19\u201316, and after two dead frames, during which he made breaks of 92, 77 and 50finished 21\u201316 ahead.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 47], "section_span": [49, 56], "content_span": [57, 426]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075320-0008-0000", "contents": "1957 World Professional Match-play Championship, Summary\nThe final was over 73 frames, played from 8 to 13 April. On the first afternoon Rea took the first frame with breaks of 23, 24, and 43. Pulman won the next two frames, then Rea claimed the following three frames to end the first session 4\u20132 ahead. In the evening, Pulman equalised at 4\u20134 by taking the first two frames, which was followed by Rea building a 7\u20134 lead. Pulman won the 12th frame, then Rea claimed the day's last frame to lead 8\u20135.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 47], "section_span": [49, 56], "content_span": [57, 501]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075320-0008-0001", "contents": "1957 World Professional Match-play Championship, Summary\nThe highest break of the first day was 88, made by Rea in the fourth frame. Pulman won the first three frames on the second day to level at 8\u20138, and compiled a break of 101, the first century break of the tournament, in the second frame. Rea responded by claiming the next three frames, before Pulman added the last frame of the day, leaving Rea 14\u201312 in front.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 47], "section_span": [49, 56], "content_span": [57, 418]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075320-0009-0000", "contents": "1957 World Professional Match-play Championship, Summary\nRea increased his advantage to four frames at 18\u201314 after the third morning session, but Pulman won five of the evening's seven frames, including the last four of the day, to move to one frame behind at 19\u201320. Rea had failed to pot the pink ball in the 36th frame, which would have given him a six-frame lead as he had been 20\u201315 up at the time.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 47], "section_span": [49, 56], "content_span": [57, 402]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075320-0010-0000", "contents": "1957 World Professional Match-play Championship, Summary\nThere was just one session on the fourth day and with Pulman winning five of the seven frames he took the lead for the first time and was 24\u201322 up at the close. Pulman also had the best of the fifth day and, taking the afternoon session 4\u20132 and the evening session 4\u20133, thus extending his lead to 32\u201327. On the final day, Pulman won 5 of the 7 frames in the afternoon session to take a winning lead of 37\u201329. Rea won 5 of the 7 frames in the evening session to give a final score of 39\u201334 to Pulman. Pulman's 101 was the only century break of the final. The championship trophy was presented by Lady Coutanche. Both finalists also received six pottery goblets made in Jersey.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 47], "section_span": [49, 56], "content_span": [57, 732]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075320-0011-0000", "contents": "1957 World Professional Match-play Championship, Summary\nThe final attracted an audience of about 100, and the only newspaper to carry significant coverage of it was the Jersey Evening Post. Authors Luke Williams and Paul Gadsby wrote in Masters of the Baize (2005) that \"a new-found steel seemed to have developed in Pulman's game\" during the final, shown by him winning several frames on the final black, and that \"he displayed plenty of grit\" during the match. The championship was not contested again until 1964, due to a decline in the popularity of professional snooker making the tournament unviable.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 47], "section_span": [49, 56], "content_span": [57, 607]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075320-0012-0000", "contents": "1957 World Professional Match-play Championship, Main draw\nMatch results are shown below. Winning players and scores are denoted in bold text.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 47], "section_span": [49, 58], "content_span": [59, 142]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075321-0000-0000", "contents": "1957 World Series\nThe 1957 World Series featured the defending champion New York Yankees of the American League playing against the Milwaukee Braves of the National League. After finishing just one game behind the N.L. Champion Brooklyn Dodgers in 1956, the Braves came back in 1957 to win their first pennant since moving from Boston in 1953. The Braves won the Series in seven games, behind Lew Burdette's three complete game victories. The Braves would be the only team besides the Yankees, Dodgers, or Giants to win a World Series title in the 1950s.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [17, 17], "content_span": [18, 554]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075321-0001-0000", "contents": "1957 World Series\nThe Yankees had home field advantage in the series. Games 1, 2, 6, and 7 were played at Yankee Stadium, while Milwaukee County Stadium hosted Games 3, 4, and 5. This was the first time since 1946 that the Series included scheduled off days after Games 2 and 5.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [17, 17], "content_span": [18, 278]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075321-0002-0000", "contents": "1957 World Series\nOf the previous ten World Series, the Yankees had participated in eight of them and won seven. This was also the first World Series since 1948 that a team from New York did not win.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [17, 17], "content_span": [18, 199]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075321-0003-0000", "contents": "1957 World Series\nThis is the first of four Yankees-Braves matchups, and the only Series that was won by the Braves; they lost in 1958, 1996 and 1999, with the last two instances occurring with the Braves based in Atlanta.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [17, 17], "content_span": [18, 222]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075321-0004-0000", "contents": "1957 World Series\nHank Aaron led all regulars with a .393 average and 11 hits, including a triple, three home runs and seven RBI.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [17, 17], "content_span": [18, 129]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075321-0005-0000", "contents": "1957 World Series, Summary\nNL Milwaukee Braves (4) vs. AL New York Yankees (3)", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 26], "content_span": [27, 78]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075321-0006-0000", "contents": "1957 World Series, Summary\nNote: It was the Braves' first championship since the \"Miracle Braves\" of 1914.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 26], "content_span": [27, 106]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075321-0007-0000", "contents": "1957 World Series, Matchups, Game 1\nIn the third inning, the Yankees replaced first baseman Bill Skowron, who was complaining of back pain, with Elston Howard. In the fifth inning the Braves had a runner in scoring position after an error by Howard. The Braves did not manage to capitalize on this opportunity, as second baseman Red Schoendienst grounded out. By the end of the fifth inning, the Braves had left four men on base, with the score still scoreless.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 35], "content_span": [36, 461]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075321-0008-0000", "contents": "1957 World Series, Matchups, Game 1\nThe Yankees broke through that inning with a leadoff single by Jerry Coleman, followed by two ground outs which moved the runner to third base, and then a triple by slugger Hank Bauer making the score 1\u20130. After three consecutive batters reached first base in the Yankees' half of the sixth inning, and a run scored on Andy Carey's single, Milwaukee manager Fred Haney pulled starter Warren Spahn and replaced him with Ernie Johnson.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 35], "content_span": [36, 469]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075321-0009-0000", "contents": "1957 World Series, Matchups, Game 1\nThe Yankees scored once more in the sixth inning when Coleman executed a squeeze play, allowing Yogi Berra to score from third base. The Braves managed to score only once, when Wes Covington scored in the seventh on a single by Schoendienst. Whitey Ford pitched a complete game for the Yankees.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 35], "content_span": [36, 330]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075321-0010-0000", "contents": "1957 World Series, Matchups, Game 2\nHank Aaron led off the second inning with a triple, then made it safe at home on Joe Adcock's single. The Yankees responded with one of their own in the bottom half of the second. Again in the third inning, the Yankees and Braves each scored one run, leaving the score 2\u20132 heading to the fourth inning. Both managers were worried about their starting pitchers, and after three straight singles from Adcock, Andy Pafko, and Wes Covington and with two runs in, Yankees manager Casey Stengel replaced Bobby Shantz with reliever Art Ditmar. Ditmar had finished the regular season with an 8\u20133 record, a 3.25 ERA and six saves.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 35], "content_span": [36, 657]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075321-0011-0000", "contents": "1957 World Series, Matchups, Game 2\nDitmar was able to prevent the Braves from scoring any more runs, but the score was 4\u20132 in favor of the Braves. After that, Braves starter Lew Burdette's pitching improved significantly. He only gave up four hits for the rest of the game, two of them coming in the ninth inning. After a ground out, Tony Kubek singled to right to start things off.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 35], "content_span": [36, 383]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075321-0011-0001", "contents": "1957 World Series, Matchups, Game 2\nStengel decided to pinch hit lefty Joe Collins, who was 30\u2013for\u2013149 (.201) that year and was playing what turned out to be his final year, for the right-handed Coleman, who was a better 42\u2013for\u2013157 (.263) and also playing in his final season, to face right-handed pitcher Burdette. Collins popped to Johnny Logan at shortstop for the second out. Then, Stengel again opted to pinch hit for the pitcher, Bob Grim. Howard came up in his spot and singled to advance Kubek to second. Bobby Richardson pinch ran for Howard. Burdette recorded the final out as he got Bauer, the next batter, to ground to short, where Logan forced out Richardson.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 35], "content_span": [36, 672]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075321-0012-0000", "contents": "1957 World Series, Matchups, Game 2\nThe Braves' win in Game\u00a02 was the first World Series game won by a non-New York City team since 1948. In every World Series between 1948 and 1957, either both teams were from New York City or a New York City team won in a sweep (1950 and 1954).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 35], "content_span": [36, 280]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075321-0013-0000", "contents": "1957 World Series, Matchups, Game 3\nNew York's Tony Kubek began the scoring with a one-out solo homer in the first inning. After that, things quickly fell apart for Bob Buhl, who had pitched quite well in the regular season (18\u20137, 2.74 ERA). He walked Mickey Mantle and Yogi Berra, then made an error attempting to pick Mantle off at second base. After a sacrifice fly by Gil McDougald and a single by first baseman Harry Simpson, manager Fred Haney pulled Buhl and brought in rookie Juan Pizarro. Pizarro got the final out in the first inning, and followed that with a solid second inning.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 35], "content_span": [36, 590]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075321-0013-0001", "contents": "1957 World Series, Matchups, Game 3\nIn the third inning, however, the Yankees began to capitalize on their lead. After allowing hits from Mantle, Berra and Jerry Lumpe, and a walk to Elston Howard, who was pinch-hitting for Harry Simpson, Pizarro was removed from the game. Gene Conley was called in to finish the inning. He did get the last two outs, but gave up a two-run home run to Mantle in the fourth inning.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 35], "content_span": [36, 414]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075321-0014-0000", "contents": "1957 World Series, Matchups, Game 3\nBy the bottom of the fifth inning, the score was 7\u20131 in favor of the Yankees. Logan led off with a single, and Eddie Mathews flied to left. Hank Aaron hit one of his three postseason homers to make the game 7\u20133. After a Covington walk, Joe Adcock and Bob Hazle each made outs to end the fifth. Yankees relief pitcher Don Larsen had his comfortable lead cut down to just four runs.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 35], "content_span": [36, 416]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075321-0015-0000", "contents": "1957 World Series, Matchups, Game 3\nIn the seventh inning the Yankees secured their lead with a five-run inning against reliever Bob Trowbridge. The five runs started with a two-run bases-loaded single by Bauer and a three-run home run by Kubek. The score was 12\u20133 heading in to the bottom of the seventh.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 35], "content_span": [36, 305]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075321-0016-0000", "contents": "1957 World Series, Matchups, Game 3\nThere was only one more hit the rest of the game, a single by Aaron in the ninth. Del Crandall made the last out and the series was on to Game\u00a04 with the Yankees up 2\u20131. Left fielder Kubek was only the second rookie in history to hit two home runs in a World Series game. This was the first World Series game played in the state of Wisconsin.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 35], "content_span": [36, 378]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075321-0017-0000", "contents": "1957 World Series, Matchups, Game 4\nAfter a game with two homers and four RBIs, Tony Kubek led off the first inning for the Yankees. Kubek bunted, which ultimately led to a run after Mickey Mantle reached on a fielder's choice, Yogi Berra walked, and Gil McDougald singled.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 35], "content_span": [36, 273]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075321-0018-0000", "contents": "1957 World Series, Matchups, Game 4\nThe second inning started with a single by Hank Aaron and then a stolen base by Wes Covington, but they could not convert. The fourth inning began with a walk to Johnny Logan. Eddie Mathews doubled to right field, which sent Logan to third. Aaron then hit a three-run home run which completely cleared the stadium. The next batter, Covington, grounded out. This was followed by a shot off the bat of Frank Torre, a part-time first baseman who was giving Joe Adcock a day off. The Braves were then up 4\u20131 against Yankees starter Tom Sturdivant.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 35], "content_span": [36, 579]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075321-0019-0000", "contents": "1957 World Series, Matchups, Game 4\nThe next four innings for the Yankees were plagued by double plays. Warren Spahn was getting ground out after ground out and the Yankees looked helpless until the ninth. With two outs and a three-run deficit in the top of the ninth, New York found new life in two back-to-back singles. Spahn gave up one to Berra, followed by one to McDougald. With two runners on, Howard hit a three-run homer to tie the game.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 35], "content_span": [36, 446]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075321-0020-0000", "contents": "1957 World Series, Matchups, Game 4\nLeft-handed Tommy Byrne had replaced right-handed Johnny Kucks in the eighth inning for New York. This prompted Haney to pinch hit Adcock for Torre. Adcock grounded to shortstop and Milwaukee went 1\u20132\u20133 that inning. The game thus went on to extra innings.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 35], "content_span": [36, 291]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075321-0021-0000", "contents": "1957 World Series, Matchups, Game 4\nMilwaukee starter Spahn came out for the tenth. Kubek got his second hit in the top of the tenth, followed by a triple by Hank Bauer to score a run. After Mantle flied to right, the Braves got ready for the bottom of the tenth down one. Spahn was due up first for the Braves, and Haney opted to pinch hit with Nippy Jones, who had played in just 30 games that year. In what turned out to be his final appearance, Jones was part of a pivotal play in the inning. A wild Tommy Byrne pitch bounced near Jones, but umpire Donatelli initially called a ball. After an argument hinging on a spot of shoe polish on the baseball, Jones convinced umpire Augie Donatelli that he was hit on the shoe.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 35], "content_span": [36, 723]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075321-0022-0000", "contents": "1957 World Series, Matchups, Game 4\nThe inning continued with Felix Mantilla running for Jones. Red Schoendienst hit a sacrifice bunt to advance Mantilla, who scored the tying run on a double by Logan. Mathews followed with a towering two-run home run to win it for the Braves, 7\u20135, and tied the series at two games apiece.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 35], "content_span": [36, 323]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075321-0023-0000", "contents": "1957 World Series, Matchups, Game 5\nWith the opposing teams' top pitchers, Whitey Ford and Lew Burdette, facing each other, Game\u00a05 was expected to be a low-scoring affair. However, the game started out with the Yankees looking to score in the first inning. After a leadoff single by Hank Bauer and a sacrifice bunt by Tony Kubek, Gil McDougald hit a line drive that turned into the second out of the inning. Yogi Berra then grounded out. After that, Burdette only allowed multiple Yankee baserunners in the fourth inning.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 35], "content_span": [36, 521]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075321-0024-0000", "contents": "1957 World Series, Matchups, Game 5\nAt the start of the sixth inning, the game was still scoreless. In the bottom of the sixth with two outs and nobody on, Eddie Mathews, Hank Aaron, and Joe Adcock singled, scoring Mathews and giving the Braves a 1\u20130 lead that held up for the rest of the game.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 35], "content_span": [36, 294]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075321-0025-0000", "contents": "1957 World Series, Matchups, Game 5\nThe Yankees' best scoring chance came in the eighth inning after a hit by Jerry Coleman to right field. Mickey Mantle came in to pinch-run for Coleman, but was caught stealing at second base by catcher Del Crandall. Ford was then taken out and Yankee reliever Bob Turley came in, striking out two batters while giving up no hits in the inning.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 35], "content_span": [36, 379]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075321-0026-0000", "contents": "1957 World Series, Matchups, Game 5\nYogi Berra made the last Yankee out in the 1\u20130 complete-game by Burdette, and the Milwaukee Braves took the series lead three games to two.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 35], "content_span": [36, 175]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075321-0027-0000", "contents": "1957 World Series, Matchups, Game 6\nBob Buhl started for the Braves but did not last very long. In the first two innings, no one scored, although there were some opportunities, including the Yankees' first inning when Enos Slaughter reached third and Yogi Berra got to second on Buhl's wild pitch. Buhl struck out Gil McDougald to end the inning.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 35], "content_span": [36, 346]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075321-0028-0000", "contents": "1957 World Series, Matchups, Game 6\nIn the bottom of the third, the Yankees scored two runs to take the lead on a Berra two-run homer, scoring Slaughter. After that Ernie Johnson replaced Buhl. Johnson then held the Yankees scoreless until the seventh inning.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 35], "content_span": [36, 259]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075321-0029-0000", "contents": "1957 World Series, Matchups, Game 6\nThe Braves cut the lead in their half in the fifth on Frank Torre's home run, his second of the series. The Braves then tied it in the top of the seventh with a homer by Hank Aaron, his third. The game was now tied and Braves' pitcher Johnson was holding the Yankees to just one hit in 3+1\u20443 innings. Leading off the seventh, pitcher Bob Turley was out on a bunt attempt with two strikes. Then, right fielder Hank Bauer hit a home run off the left-field foul pole to give the Yankees a one-run lead.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 35], "content_span": [36, 535]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075321-0030-0000", "contents": "1957 World Series, Matchups, Game 6\nIn the Braves' ninth, after an Eddie Mathews walk, Turley got lefty Wes Covington to ground into a 1\u20136\u20133 double play to end the game and force a deciding Game\u00a07.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 35], "content_span": [36, 197]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075321-0031-0000", "contents": "1957 World Series, Matchups, Game 7\nLew Burdette was called in to start game 7 for the Braves on two days' rest when the expected starter, Warren Spahn, was struck with the Asian flu.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 35], "content_span": [36, 183]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075321-0032-0000", "contents": "1957 World Series, Matchups, Game 7\nAfter two scoreless innings, the Braves broke through in the third, started by a Bob Hazle single and an error by Tony Kubek at third base; one of three Yankee errors in the game. The inning continued with a hard-hit Eddie Mathews double, which prompted Casey Stengel to take out starter Don Larsen and bring in lefty Bobby Shantz. Shantz then gave up an RBI single to Hank Aaron and a single by Wes Covington advancing Aaron to third. Frank Torre grounded into a fielders' choice which scored Aaron. Felix Mantilla then flied to Hank Bauer in right to end the inning, ending the Braves' scoring at four runs.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 35], "content_span": [36, 645]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075321-0033-0000", "contents": "1957 World Series, Matchups, Game 7\nThe Yankees' best chance came in the sixth, when they had runners on first and second with two outs after a Mickey Mantle single and an error by Mathews at third. Gil McDougald then grounded out forcing Mantle at third to end the inning and the threat.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 35], "content_span": [36, 288]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075321-0034-0000", "contents": "1957 World Series, Matchups, Game 7\nIn the ninth, after Milwaukee made it 5\u20130 on a Del Crandall homer, the Yankees attempted to mount a rally. With two outs and McDougald on first base, Jerry Coleman singled to right. Then, Tommy Byrne singled to load the bases for Bill Skowron. With the tying run on deck, Burdette retired Skowron on a ground out to third with Mathews making the final out which secured the world championship for the Braves.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 35], "content_span": [36, 444]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075321-0035-0000", "contents": "1957 World Series, Matchups, Game 7\nIn the game, the Yankees were limited to seven hits and one walk. Burdette was named the Series MVP after pitching three complete games and two shutouts. He was the first pitcher since Christy Mathewson to pitch two shutouts in a World Series.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 35], "content_span": [36, 279]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075321-0036-0000", "contents": "1957 World Series, Matchups, Game 7\nDespite the Yankees having made 17 more appearances in the World Series since this one, this game to date is the most recent time that the team has hosted a World Series Game 7.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 35], "content_span": [36, 213]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075321-0037-0000", "contents": "1957 World Series, Composite line score\n1957 World Series (4\u20133): Milwaukee Braves (N.L.) over New York Yankees (A.L.)", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 39], "content_span": [40, 117]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075322-0000-0000", "contents": "1957 World Sportscar Championship\nThe 1957 World Sportscar Championship season was the fifth season of the FIA World Sportscar Championship. It was a series for sportscars that ran in many worldwide endurance events. It ran from 20 January 1956 to 3 November 1957, and comprised seven races.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [33, 33], "content_span": [34, 291]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075322-0001-0000", "contents": "1957 World Sportscar Championship\nFollowing the shortest season in World Sportscar Championship history, the 1957 season saw the return of the 24 Hours of Le Mans following track modifications as a direct result of the 1955 Le Mans disaster. In addition, the Venezuelan Grand Prix was added to the championship calendar.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [33, 33], "content_span": [34, 320]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075322-0002-0000", "contents": "1957 World Sportscar Championship, Season\nThe 1957 World Sports Car Championship was contested over seven races. Following the shortest season in World Sportscar Championship history, the 1957 season saw the return of the 24 Hours of Le Mans following track modifications as a direct result of the 1955 Le Mans disaster. In addition, there was a new race on the calendar, a trip to northern coast of South America for the Venezuelan Grand Prix.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 41], "content_span": [42, 444]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075322-0003-0000", "contents": "1957 World Sportscar Championship, Season\nThe Championship was remained for manufacturers, and works teams such as Scuderia Ferrari, Officine Alfieri Maserati, and Aston Martin leading the way, but as the previous seasons, the majority of the fields were made up of amateur or gentlemen drivers, often up against professional racing drivers with experience in Formula One. Sometimes, even the Drivers World Champion joined in.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 41], "content_span": [42, 426]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075322-0004-0000", "contents": "1957 World Sportscar Championship, Season\nMaserati had the commitment and the money to success in 1957, and it armed itself with the World\u2019s finest driver, Juan Manuel Fangio, and the potent Maserati 450S. To add to their unfair advantage, they employed a young Englishman, Stirling Moss. Despite leaving their Formula One team, he remained with the Modena team for the World Sportscar Championship.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 41], "content_span": [42, 399]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075322-0005-0000", "contents": "1957 World Sportscar Championship, Season\nThe season opened in Argentina, where Fangio and Moss led imperiously in the 1000 km Buenos Aires, until they retired with transmission failure. As for Ferrari, it was left to the privateer entry of Temple Buell to take the victory, and give Maranello the initial points lead in the championship. Next up was the Sebring 12 Hours. There Maserati dominated with Fangio and Jean Behra leading throughout, with Moss and Harry Schell backing them up. As for Ferrari, they sent the first two 315 S to Florida, but both were slowed with brake and tyre problems.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 41], "content_span": [42, 597]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075322-0006-0000", "contents": "1957 World Sportscar Championship, Season\nFor the Mille Miglia, Maserati\u2019s challenge was over before it had really begun, with Behra smashing his car prior to the event in a road accident, and Moss retiring with brake failure just 12\u00a0km from the start.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 41], "content_span": [42, 252]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075322-0006-0001", "contents": "1957 World Sportscar Championship, Season\nWith Maserati out of contention, Ferrari had no more real opposition and Piero Taruffi won the last Mille Miglia, ahead of Wolfgang von Trips, both in 315 S. The initial pace was set by Peter Collins in a Ferrari 335 S. He imposed a remarkable pace on the marathon and on course to smash the course record, when a broken transmission put an end to his race. The second 335 S, driven by Alfonso de Portago and Edmont Nelson, was always up among the leaders, but about 10\u00a0km from the finish, a tyre blowout caused the car to charge off the road and into a group of spectators, killing nine onlookers and the crew.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 41], "content_span": [42, 653]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075322-0007-0000", "contents": "1957 World Sportscar Championship, Season\nThe race at the N\u00fcrburgring showed that the British were a force to be reckoned with. The race victory did not go to either of the major Italian marques, as they were beaten by the Aston Martin DBR1/300 of Tony Brooks and No\u00ebl Cunningham-Reid, gaining the manufacturer their first points of the season. The British success continued in the next round at Le Mans, when Grand Prix of Endurance returned to the championship. Never before in the history of the French event, did a single nation sweep the broad so completely as Britain did in 1957.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 41], "content_span": [42, 586]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075322-0007-0001", "contents": "1957 World Sportscar Championship, Season\nThe brilliant success of the Jaguars in taking first four and sixth places became all the more significant when it is considered that every one of these cars was privately entered, and matched against the works teams of most of the greatest sport car manufacturers, with victory going to the Scottish entrant, Ecurie Ecosse.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 41], "content_span": [42, 366]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075322-0008-0000", "contents": "1957 World Sportscar Championship, Season\nNormal service resumed in Sweden, when Ferrari and Maserati returned to the front of the field. As the Swedish race regulations allowed limitless driver changes, Maserati planned to use only its three best drivers \u2013 Schell/Moss/Behra, with the later pair winning the race, while the former pair retired whilst in second place when it transmission seized.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 41], "content_span": [42, 396]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075322-0009-0000", "contents": "1957 World Sportscar Championship, Season\nThe outcome of the championship depended on the result of the finale, the Venezuelan Grand Prix in Caracas. The works Maseratis were supported by the American entrant Temple Buell.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 41], "content_span": [42, 222]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075322-0009-0001", "contents": "1957 World Sportscar Championship, Season\nThe race became an infamous disaster for Maserati, when on lap two Masten Gregory flipped Buell\u2019s 450S. Moss led until he collided with a slow back marker who strolled across his racing line, demolishing his 450S. Its sister 450S ignited during a pit stop, injuring Behra, but Moss and Schell continued to race the car, until Schell was hit by team-mate Joakim Bonnier and his 300S, following a loss of a wheel. So four front-line Maseratis started the deciding Championship race, and all four had crashed - leaving the world title to Ferrari. For the record, Ferrari still took a 1-2 finish.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 41], "content_span": [42, 634]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075322-0010-0000", "contents": "1957 World Sportscar Championship, Season\nJust this one catastrophic race for Maserati, when four of their big, expensive cars were destroyed, had been enough to push their finances over the edge and the company into virtual oblivion, at least as a racing team. At the very moment when Fangio was giving Officine Alfieri Maserati  its first world championship in Formula One, the firm was going into survival mode. It was fared never to recover its position in the world of racing, and would spend decades trying to establish itself as a manufacturer of road cars.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 41], "content_span": [42, 564]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075322-0011-0000", "contents": "1957 World Sportscar Championship, Season results, Results\nNote the RAC Tourist Trophy was given championship status but as in 1956 did not take place due to concerns about the safety of the Dundrod Circuit.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 58], "content_span": [59, 207]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075322-0012-0000", "contents": "1957 World Sportscar Championship, The cars\nThe following models contributed to the net championship point scores of their respective manufacturers.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 43], "content_span": [44, 148]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075323-0000-0000", "contents": "1957 World Table Tennis Championships\nThe 1957 World Table Tennis Championships were held in Stockholm from March 7 to March 15, 1957.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [37, 37], "content_span": [38, 134]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075324-0000-0000", "contents": "1957 World Table Tennis Championships \u2013 Men's Doubles\nThe 1957 World Table Tennis Championships \u2013 Men's Doubles was the 24th edition of the men's doubles championship. Ivan Andreadis and Ladislav \u0160t\u00edpek won the title after defeating Ichiro Ogimura and Toshiaki Tanaka in the final by three sets to one.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 53], "section_span": [53, 53], "content_span": [54, 302]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075325-0000-0000", "contents": "1957 World Table Tennis Championships \u2013 Men's Singles\nThe 1957 World Table Tennis Championships \u2013 Men's Singles was the 24th edition of the men's singles championship.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 53], "section_span": [53, 53], "content_span": [54, 167]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075325-0001-0000", "contents": "1957 World Table Tennis Championships \u2013 Men's Singles\nToshiaki Tanaka defeated Ichiro Ogimura in the final, winning three sets to nil to secure the title.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 53], "section_span": [53, 53], "content_span": [54, 154]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075326-0000-0000", "contents": "1957 World Table Tennis Championships \u2013 Men's Team\nThe 1957 World Table Tennis Championships \u2013 Swaythling Cup (Men's Team) was the 24th edition of the men's team championship.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 50], "section_span": [50, 50], "content_span": [51, 175]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075326-0001-0000", "contents": "1957 World Table Tennis Championships \u2013 Men's Team\nJapan won the gold medal defeating Hungary 5-2 in the final. China and Czechoslovakia won bronze medals after elimination from the semi final round.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 50], "section_span": [50, 50], "content_span": [51, 199]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075327-0000-0000", "contents": "1957 World Table Tennis Championships \u2013 Mixed Doubles\nThe 1957 World Table Tennis Championships \u2013 Mixed Doubles was the 24th edition of the mixed doubles championship. Ichiro Ogimura and Fujie Eguchi won the title after defeating Ivan Andreadis and Ann Haydon in the final by three sets to two.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 53], "section_span": [53, 53], "content_span": [54, 294]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075328-0000-0000", "contents": "1957 World Table Tennis Championships \u2013 Women's Doubles\nThe 1957 World Table Tennis Championships \u2013 Women's Doubles was the 23rd edition of the women's doubles championship. L\u00edvia Moss\u00f3czy and Agnes Simon defeated Diane Rowe and Ann Haydon in the final by three sets to two.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 55], "section_span": [55, 55], "content_span": [56, 274]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075329-0000-0000", "contents": "1957 World Table Tennis Championships \u2013 Women's Singles\nThe 1957 World Table Tennis Championships \u2013 Women's Singles was the 24th edition of the women's singles championship. Fujie Eguchi defeated Ann Haydon in the final by three sets to two, to win the title.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 55], "section_span": [55, 55], "content_span": [56, 259]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075330-0000-0000", "contents": "1957 World Table Tennis Championships \u2013 Women's Team\nThe 1957 World Table Tennis Championships \u2013 Corbillon Cup (Women's Team) was the 17th edition of the women's team championship.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 52], "section_span": [52, 52], "content_span": [53, 180]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075330-0001-0000", "contents": "1957 World Table Tennis Championships \u2013 Women's Team\nJapan won the gold medal, Romania won the silver medal and China won the bronze medal.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 52], "section_span": [52, 52], "content_span": [53, 139]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075331-0000-0000", "contents": "1957 World University Games\n1957 World University Games were held between 31 August and 8 September. They were organised under the direction of Jean Petitjean by the Paris University Club in Paris at their Stadium Charlety. He engaged an American student athlete at the Paris University Club, Martin Feinberg as his assistant. Mr. Petitjean met with and encouraged both eastern and western block Student Sports Federations to participate together; which they did for the first time since the end of World War II.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [27, 27], "content_span": [28, 512]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075332-0000-0000", "contents": "1957 World Weightlifting Championships\nThe 1957 Men's World Weightlifting Championships were held in Tehran, Iran from November 8 to November 12, 1957. There were 76 men in action from 21 nations.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [38, 38], "content_span": [39, 196]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075333-0000-0000", "contents": "1957 World Women's Handball Championship\nThe 1957 World Women's Handball Championship took place in Virovitica, Croatia and Belgrade, Serbia within Yugoslavia in 1957.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [40, 40], "content_span": [41, 167]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075333-0001-0000", "contents": "1957 World Women's Handball Championship, Final standings, Final ranking\nTeam roster: Anna \u010c\u00e1pov\u00e1 (R\u00ed\u0161ov\u00e1), V\u011bra Aschenbrenerov\u00e1, Vlasta \u010cih\u00e1kov\u00e1, Jana Houskov\u00e1, Stanislava Ku\u010derov\u00e1, Kv\u011bta Marzinov\u00e1, Kv\u011bta Jane\u010dkov\u00e1, Pavla Bart\u00e1kov\u00e1, V\u011bra Dvo\u0159\u00e1kov\u00e1, Blanka Kotl\u00ednov\u00e1, Jana Mal\u00e9\u0159ov\u00e1 and Veronika Schmidtov\u00e1 (Ilavsk\u00e1). Trainers: Karel Ho\u0161\u0165alek, Ladislav Gross", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [42, 72], "content_span": [73, 357]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075334-0000-0000", "contents": "1957 World Wrestling Championships\nThe 1957 World Freestyle Wrestling Championship were held in Istanbul, Turkey.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [34, 34], "content_span": [35, 113]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075335-0000-0000", "contents": "1957 Wyoming Cowboys football team\nThe 1957 Wyoming Cowboys football team represented the University of Wyoming in the Skyline Conference during the 1957 NCAA University Division football season. In their first season under head coach Bob Devaney, the Cowboys compiled a 4\u20133\u20133 record (3\u20132\u20132 against Skyline opponents), finished fourth in the Skyline Conference, and outscored all opponents by a total of 139 to 135.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [34, 34], "content_span": [35, 415]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075335-0001-0000", "contents": "1957 Wyoming Cowboys football team\nThe 1957 season was Bob Devaney's first as a head coach. He was later inducted into the College Football Hall of Fame", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [34, 34], "content_span": [35, 152]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075336-0000-0000", "contents": "1957 Yale Bulldogs football team\nThe 1957 Yale Bulldogs football team represented Yale University in the 1957 NCAA University Division football season. The Bulldogs were led by sixth-year head coach Jordan Olivar, played their home games at the Yale Bowl and finished the season with a 6\u20132\u20131 record.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [32, 32], "content_span": [33, 299]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075337-0000-0000", "contents": "1957 Yorkshire Cup\nThe 1957 Yorkshire Cup was the 50th occasion on which the Yorkshire Cup competition had been held. Huddersfield won the trophy by beating York by the score of 15-8.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 18], "section_span": [18, 18], "content_span": [19, 183]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075337-0001-0000", "contents": "1957 Yorkshire Cup, Results\nThis season there were no junior/amateur clubs taking part, no new entrants and no \"leavers\" and so the total of entries remained the  same at sixteen.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 18], "section_span": [20, 27], "content_span": [28, 179]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075337-0002-0000", "contents": "1957 Yorkshire Cup, Results\nThis in turn resulted in no byes in the first round.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 18], "section_span": [20, 27], "content_span": [28, 80]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075337-0003-0000", "contents": "1957 Yorkshire Cup, Results, Round 1\nRound 1 involved 8 matches (with no byes) and 16 clubs.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 18], "section_span": [20, 36], "content_span": [37, 92]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075337-0004-0000", "contents": "1957 Yorkshire Cup, Results, Final\nThe match was played at Headingley, Leeds, now in West Yorkshire. The attendance was 22,531 and receipts were \u00a34,123.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 18], "section_span": [20, 34], "content_span": [35, 152]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075337-0005-0000", "contents": "1957 Yorkshire Cup, Results, Final, Teams and Scorers\nScoring - Try = three (3) points - Goal = two (2) points - Drop goal = two (2) points", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 18], "section_span": [20, 53], "content_span": [54, 139]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075338-0000-0000", "contents": "1957 Zanzibari general election\nGeneral elections for the Legislative Council were held in Zanzibar for the first time in July 1957. It was largely a contest between the Afro-Shirazi Union and the Zanzibar Nationalist Party, with the ASU and its supporters winning five of the six contested seats. They were also the first elections to be held in East Africa.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [31, 31], "content_span": [32, 359]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075338-0001-0000", "contents": "1957 Zanzibari general election, Background\nIn 1926 the British colonial authorities introduced Legislative and Executive Councils to the islands, preventing the Sultan from legislating without their consent. In 1954 the number of members of the Council was expanded to 12. Two years later the British authorities appointed Walter Coutts to advise the government on how to obtain public representation on the Council, albeit as \"unofficial\" members. Coutts' report suggested election of six members based on a list system, with candidates limited to property owners, people over 40, and those with a specific level of education, and that voters should meet the property criteria. This proposal meant that only 14% of the islands' population were eligible to vote.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 43], "content_span": [44, 763]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075338-0002-0000", "contents": "1957 Zanzibari general election, Campaign\nThe main parties were the Zanzibar Nationalist Party, which had been established in December 1955, and the Afro-Shirazi Union, founded in February 1957 by a merger of the African Association (founded in 1934) and the Shirazi Association (1938), whilst the Indian-dominated Muslim Association also competed.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 41], "content_span": [42, 348]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075338-0003-0000", "contents": "1957 Zanzibari general election, Results\nThe election was characterised by significant interest, and voter turnout was 90.2%.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 40], "content_span": [41, 125]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075338-0004-0000", "contents": "1957 Zanzibari general election, Aftermath\nFollowing the election, both the ZNP and ASU experienced infighting, resulting in some ASU members leaving to establish the Zanzibar and Pemba People's Party in 1959, and some ZNP members leaving to form the Umma Party in 1963.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 42], "content_span": [43, 270]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075338-0005-0000", "contents": "1957 Zanzibari general election, Aftermath\nIn 1960 Sir Hilary Blood was appointed Constitutional Commissioner by the British authorities, with the remit to advise the government on constitutional development in Zanzibar. His proposals included making the leader of the party with the most seats Chief Minister, for ministerial portfolios to be created, for the Council to have 22 constituency-based seats, that electoral qualifications should be abolished, and that women should have the right to vote.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 42], "content_span": [43, 502]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075338-0006-0000", "contents": "1957 Zanzibari general election, Aftermath\nThe British government accepted Blood's proposals, and fresh elections were held in January 1961.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 42], "content_span": [43, 140]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075339-0000-0000", "contents": "1957 alleged Jordanian military coup attempt\nThe 1957 alleged Jordanian military coup attempt refers to violent confrontations on 13 April 1957 at the large army barracks in Zarqa between royalist, mostly Bedouin units, loyal to King Hussein, and Nasserist-style Arab nationalist units.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [44, 44], "content_span": [45, 286]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075339-0001-0000", "contents": "1957 alleged Jordanian military coup attempt\nA military maneuver named \"Operation Hashem\" was initiated on 8 April and it encircled the capital Amman. When Hussein asked Ali Abu Nuwar (Army chief of staff) about the maneuver he claimed that it was a normal military exercise. Hussein, suspicious that this was a show of strength by Abu Nuwar to overthrow him and enter a union with the United Arab Republic, ordered Abu Nuwar to withdraw the unit which he heeded. The Arabist government of Suleiman Nabulsi was forced to resign on 10 April after its policies clashed frequently with that of the Palace.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [44, 44], "content_span": [45, 602]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075339-0001-0001", "contents": "1957 alleged Jordanian military coup attempt\nOn 13 April, rioting broke in the Zarqa barracks, Hussein (aged 21) went to end the violence between royalist and Arabist units after the Arabists spread rumors that Hussein was killed. A 3,000-man Syrian force started moving south in support of what they perceived as a coup attempt, but turned around after the army units showed their loyalty to the King.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [44, 44], "content_span": [45, 402]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075339-0002-0000", "contents": "1957 alleged Jordanian military coup attempt\nTwo principal accounts emerged regarding the events at Zarqa, with the royalist version holding that the incident was an abortive coup by Abu Nuwar  against King Hussein, and the dissident version asserting that it was a staged, American-backed counter-coup by Hussein against the pan-Arabist movement in Jordan. In any case, Abu Nuwar and other senior Arabist officers resigned and were allowed to leave Jordan for Syria where they incited opposition to the Monarchy.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [44, 44], "content_span": [45, 513]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075339-0003-0000", "contents": "1957 alleged Jordanian military coup attempt\nHussein imposed martial law and disbanded Palestinian-dominated military units after the incident. Although he eventually relaxed some of these measures, namely military curfews and severe press censorship, Hussein's moves significantly curtailed the constitutional democracy that existed in Jordan in the mid-1950s. The alleged conspirators were sentenced to 15 years in absentia, but later on were pardoned by Hussein in 1964 as part of his reconciliation efforts with his exiled opposition, and were given senior posts in the government.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [44, 44], "content_span": [45, 585]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075339-0004-0000", "contents": "1957 alleged Jordanian military coup attempt, Prelude\nIn the October 1956 general elections, the National Socialist Party (NSP) won 12 seats. King Hussein asked Suleiman Nabulsi, the leader of the NSP to form a government. Thus, he became prime minister of a socialist Arab nationalist government that identified more with Egyptian president Gamal Abdel Nasser than Hussein. Nabulsi merged the Arab Legion with the Palestinian-dominated National Guard, creating a 35,000-strong Jordanian Army, and established diplomatic relations with the Soviet Union. Strained relations between the Palace and the Government reached its peak in March after Nabulsi provided Hussein with a list of senior officers in the military he wanted to dismiss, Hussein heeded initially, but then Nabulsi presented a new list which Hussein refused.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [46, 53], "content_span": [54, 823]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075339-0005-0000", "contents": "1957 alleged Jordanian military coup attempt, Events at Zarqa\nAmid the political chaos in Jordan and two days before Nabulsi's forced resignation, an army unit from the First Armoured Brigade commanded by Captain Nadhir Rashid engaged in a maneuver, named \"Operation Hashem\" in honor of the Hashemite royal family, at the major intersections of Amman. The move raised Hussein's suspicions and prompted him to order Abu Nuwar to withdraw the unit, which he did. Hussein believed the move was a presage to an impending coup.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [46, 61], "content_span": [62, 522]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075339-0005-0001", "contents": "1957 alleged Jordanian military coup attempt, Events at Zarqa\nAbu Nuwar sought to allay Hussein's concerns and told him it was a routine exercise executed numerous times in the preceding years to monitor the traffic into and out of the city, while Rashid later claimed it was part of a broader contingency plan to move troops to the West Bank in the event of an Israeli invasion. According to Pearson, Rashid's maneuver was meant to intimidate Hussein, while historian Betty Anderson has speculated that the \"officers could have been testing the waters to see what they could achieve militarily\". Whatever the actual reason for the maneuver, it heightened Hussein's suspicions of a coup by Abu Nuwar and the Arab nationalists, and it prompted warnings from veteran royalist officials, namely Bahjat al-Talhouni and Sharif Nasser, that such a coup was impending.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [46, 61], "content_span": [62, 861]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075339-0006-0000", "contents": "1957 alleged Jordanian military coup attempt, Events at Zarqa\nOn 13 April, rioting broke out at the army barracks in Zarqa, which contained the largest concentration of troops in the country, between mostly hadari (non-Bedouin) units loyal to Abu Nuwar and Bedouin-dominated units loyal to Hussein. Two main accounts emerged regarding this incident, known as the \"Zarqa uprising\" among other names, with one account having been advanced by Hussein and Western historiographers and the other by political dissidents and many in the Jordanian and Arab press.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [46, 61], "content_span": [62, 556]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075339-0006-0001", "contents": "1957 alleged Jordanian military coup attempt, Events at Zarqa\nPearson has said the \"incident is steeped in mystery and persistent controversy\", and Anderson likewise has written that \"questions abound about whether this coup attempt originated with the military, led by Abu Nuwar and the Free Officers, or with the king and the Americans, who wanted an excuse to remove\" the Arab nationalist movement \"from Jordan's political scene\".", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [46, 61], "content_span": [62, 433]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075339-0007-0000", "contents": "1957 alleged Jordanian military coup attempt, Events at Zarqa\nAccording to Hussein's account of the events, Abu Nuwar and the Free Officers had planned for the Bedouin-dominated First Infantry Regiment in Zarqa to participate in a training exercise in the desert without ammunition to render it unavailable for Hussein to use against a planned anti-government demonstration scheduled to be held by Nabulsi on 14 April. Hussein was still wary of Nabulsi due to an alleged intercept of a message from Nasser imploring Nabulsi to resist his dismissal from the premiership.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [46, 61], "content_span": [62, 569]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075339-0007-0001", "contents": "1957 alleged Jordanian military coup attempt, Events at Zarqa\nHussein was informed of the Free Officers' alleged plot by Sharif Naser and Bedouin officers from Zarqa on the evening of 13 April. The incident coincided with a delivery by Abu Nuwar of an ultimatum to Prime Minister Said al-Mufti (Nabulsi's successor) warning Hussein to appoint a government reflecting the will of the elected parliament or face an army revolt. Al-Mufti apparently broke down emotionally in Hussein's presence, prompting the latter to inquire from Abu Nuwar about the ultimatum, to which Abu Nuwar professed his surprise.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [46, 61], "content_span": [62, 602]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075339-0007-0002", "contents": "1957 alleged Jordanian military coup attempt, Events at Zarqa\nHussein then brought Abu Nuwar along with him to inspect the scene at Zarqa, where Hussein was told by loyalist officers from Zarqa that rumors of his death had provoked heavy clashes between his loyalists and those of Abu Nuwar and that only the physical presence of Hussein would put an end to the fighting. Moreover, Hussein was told that Rashid and Ma'an Abu Nuwar (a distant cousin of Abu Nuwar) had been ordered to Amman to besiege the royal palace and arrest Hussein. A 3,000 men Syrian force started moving south in support of what they perceived as a coup attempt, but turned around after the army units showed their loyalty to the King.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [46, 61], "content_span": [62, 708]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075339-0008-0000", "contents": "1957 alleged Jordanian military coup attempt, Events at Zarqa\nBoth accounts agree that the during the fighting in al-Zarqa, numerous Free Officers were rounded up and arrested by loyalist Bedouin officers. Both accounts also agree that as Hussein made his way into Zarqa, he was cheered on by loyalist soldiers and he intervened in the middle of the clashes at his own risk and was emotionally embraced by his supporters, who chanted \"Death to Abu Nuwar and all the traitors!\"", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [46, 61], "content_span": [62, 476]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075339-0008-0001", "contents": "1957 alleged Jordanian military coup attempt, Events at Zarqa\nAbu Nuwar remained in the car, fearful for his life by Hussein's loyalist troops and he then apparently begged Hussein to protect him and allow him to return to Amman, which Hussein agreed to. By nightfall, Abu Nuwar persuaded Hussein to allow him to leave the country and on the morning of 14 March, he officially resigned and departed for Damascus, Syria with his family.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [46, 61], "content_span": [62, 435]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075339-0009-0000", "contents": "1957 alleged Jordanian military coup attempt, Events at Zarqa\nMajor-General Ali al-Hiyari, Abu Nuwar's chief rival in the Jordanian army, was appointed as Abu Nuwar's replacement, but on 20 April, he defected to Syria. Al-Hiyari claimed that prior to the incident at Zarqa and shortly after the forced resignation of al-Nabulsi's cabinet, palace officials had canvassed the army general staff to inquire about the officers' opinions regarding a change in direction of the new government away from the pan-Arabist policies of Egypt and Syria.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [46, 61], "content_span": [62, 541]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075339-0009-0001", "contents": "1957 alleged Jordanian military coup attempt, Events at Zarqa\nAccordingly, when Abu Nuwar and the Free Officers voiced their refusal \"to use the army against\" the popular will in the country, palace officials laid out plans to royalist officers, including al-Hiyari, for a false flag operation at Zarqa. Al-Hiyari's account was widely reported throughout Jordan and the Arab world, and despite dismissal of the account by palace officials, it led to further public skepticism toward the official version of events regarding the alleged coup plot.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [46, 61], "content_span": [62, 546]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075339-0010-0000", "contents": "1957 alleged Jordanian military coup attempt, Events at Zarqa\nAbu Nuwar consistently denied any betrayal of Hussein and claimed he was a \"fall man\", the victim of political intrigue in the kingdom in which his rivals sought to discredit him. At a press conference in Damascus, he stated that the entire incident was an overreaction by Hussein to sensational and false reports of a coup plot and that the incident was likely a preemptive coup by Hussein and the old guard, supported or engineered by US intelligence, against the main proponents of pan-Arab unity in Jordan.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [46, 61], "content_span": [62, 572]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075339-0010-0001", "contents": "1957 alleged Jordanian military coup attempt, Events at Zarqa\nRashid and Ma'an Abu Nuwar likewise strongly denied any kind of coup plot on their end. According to Pearson, the accounts of the Free Officers and al-Hiyari were lent further credence by the lack of evidence in the military trials against the alleged conspirators who were arrested, the light sentences that they were given and the eventual rehabilitation of the alleged conspirators, including Abu Nuwar, who were later reassigned to high-ranking posts in the state and military.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [46, 61], "content_span": [62, 543]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075339-0011-0000", "contents": "1957 alleged Jordanian military coup attempt, Aftermath\nOn 22 April, Abu Nuwar issued a radio statement from the Cairo-based Voice of the Arabs radio station denouncing Hussein. In coordination with Abu Nuwar, the following day, a Patriotic Congress consisting of Hussein's opposition was held in Nablus in the West Bank demanding major palace officials be dismissed, expulsion of the American ambassador and military attach\u00e9, rejection of the Eisenhower Doctrine, federal unity with Egypt and Syria and reinstatement of the dismissed army officers, including Abu Nuwar.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [46, 55], "content_span": [56, 570]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075339-0011-0001", "contents": "1957 alleged Jordanian military coup attempt, Aftermath\nAs a result of the congress, Hussein put Nablus, Jerusalem and Amman under military curfew, dissolved political parties, imposed press censorship, dismissed municipal councils in the West Bank in favor of military governors, disbanded Palestinian-dominated army units, arrested al-Nabulsi (who had since been made foreign minister) and dismissed the cabinet of Prime Minister Fakhri al-Khalidi. Although he eventually relaxed some of these measures, namely military curfews and severe press censorship, Hussein's moves significantly curtailed the constitutional democracy that existed in Jordan in the mid-1950s. The incident strained Jordan's relations with Syria and Egypt.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [46, 55], "content_span": [56, 731]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075339-0012-0000", "contents": "1957 alleged Jordanian military coup attempt, Aftermath\nEgypt and Syria announced a union under the United Arab Republic, headed by Gamal Abdel Nasser in February 1958. The announcement led to Jordan and Hashemite Iraq to found the Arab Federation just a few weeks afterwards. On 14 July, King Faisal II of Iraq (Hussein's cousin) was killed in a bloody coup along with the rest of Hashemite family in Iraq. The coup transformed Iraq into a republic, thus ending the Federation between the two countries. Former prime minister Ibrahim Hashem and other Jordanian officials who were on an official visit to Iraq were also killed.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [46, 55], "content_span": [56, 627]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075340-0000-0000", "contents": "1957 and 1958 Packards\nThe 1957 and 1958 Packard lineup of automobiles were based on Studebaker models: restyled, rebadged, and given more luxurious interiors. After 1956 production, the Packard engine and transmission factory was leased to the Curtiss-Wright Corporation while the assembly plant on Detroit's East Grand Boulevard was sold, ending the line of Packard-built cars. However, Studebaker-Packard executives hoped to keep the Packard name alive until a fully restyled model could be funded, developed, and produced. These cars were built in hopes that enough would be sold to enable the company to design and build a completely new luxury Packard.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [22, 22], "content_span": [23, 658]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075340-0001-0000", "contents": "1957 and 1958 Packards, 1957 Packard Clipper\nFor the 1957 model year, Studebaker-Packard took its top-of-the-line model, the President, and added a revised grille and taillights along with a Packard-styled dashboard and called the car the Packard Clipper. Two models were produced in 1957, a four-door Town Sedan and a station wagon Clipper Country Sedan.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [24, 44], "content_span": [45, 355]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075340-0002-0000", "contents": "1957 and 1958 Packards, 1957 Packard Clipper\nCarryover parts from earlier Packard models included taillights, wheel covers, block letters on hood, instruments and radios. The headlight 'eyebrows' and front bumper assembly were styled for a Packard appearance. A 1955 hood ornament was modified to fit the Studebaker hood shape and the long, wide side trim was designed to be reminiscent of recent Packard trim. A stamped overlay for the lower rear fenders also gave them a body crease line suggestive of the side trim of the 1956 Caribbean.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [24, 44], "content_span": [45, 540]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075340-0003-0000", "contents": "1957 and 1958 Packards, 1957 Packard Clipper\nDashboard and interior were all Packard styled. Some former president features like the rear folding seat armrest and faired-in door armrests were reserved for the Clippers, with the addition of door mounted ashtrays, thick pile carpeting, and exclusive Packard-style cloth/vinyl fabrics. Other unique features included under-dash courtesy lights, fully padded dash top (that unfortunately didn't hold up well long term in the sun), padded sun visors, and gold-plated horn ring.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [24, 44], "content_span": [45, 523]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075340-0004-0000", "contents": "1957 and 1958 Packards, 1957 Packard Clipper\nWhen Packard dealers saw the resulting car at regional previews, the response was quick, angry, and loud. Many dealers felt the Clipper was too similar to the Studebaker on which it was based and dropped Packard completely. Sales were a low 4,809, almost all of which were the Town Sedan. Critics bestowed the derisive name \"Packardbaker\" on the cars.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [24, 44], "content_span": [45, 396]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075340-0005-0000", "contents": "1957 and 1958 Packards, 1957 Packard Clipper\nIn order to produce an engine of appropriate power for a Packard, a McCulloch-supercharged version of Studebaker's 289 in3 (4.7 L) small-block V8 was used, giving 275\u00a0bhp (205\u00a0kW), equivalent to the Packard engines in use the year before (and likewise used in the Studebaker Golden Hawk). Since the Studebaker-bodied cars were quite a bit lighter than the previous year's Packards, the 1957 Packard range actually had quite exceptional performance for the time.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [24, 44], "content_span": [45, 506]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075340-0006-0000", "contents": "1957 and 1958 Packards, 1957 Packard Clipper\nWriter and auto historian Richard Langworth has noted that while these cars weren't truly Packards, they were, however, very good Studebakers.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [24, 44], "content_span": [45, 187]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075340-0007-0000", "contents": "1957 and 1958 Packards, Final Packards\n1958 saw the Packard line expanded to four models; a 4-door sedan, a 2-door hardtop (sometimes referred to as the \"Starlight\", a name used by Studebaker), a 4-door station wagon, and the Packard Hawk, a modification of Studebaker's Golden Hawk with a \"fishmouth\" Packard grille.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [24, 38], "content_span": [39, 317]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075340-0008-0000", "contents": "1957 and 1958 Packards, Final Packards\nRestyled by Duncan McRae, Studebaker-Packard's finances dictated that the changes for 1958 be made as cheaply as possible. Quad headlights, as on Studebakers, were achieved by affixing pods to the previous year's front fenders designed for two headlights. In the rear, McRae attempted to follow the tailfin craze established by Chrysler's 1957 \"Forward Look\" by crafting outward-canted steel fin extensions that were mounted to the tops of the existing vertical rear fenders. 1956 Clipper taillight units continued to be used. Packards also adopted a low, wide \"fishmouth\" grille to further distinguish them from their Studebaker cousins.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [24, 38], "content_span": [39, 677]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075340-0008-0001", "contents": "1957 and 1958 Packards, Final Packards\nOther notable changes included the hardtops' astonishingly attractive rooflines, very similar to concurrent Chrysler/Desoto designs. Also, the switch to a one-piece drive shaft allowed Studebaker engineers to flatten the floor, which also allowed flattening of the roof panels on sedan and hardtop models. Packard (and Studebaker) also switched to 14\" wheels so most 1958 models are noticeably lower.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [24, 38], "content_span": [39, 439]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075340-0009-0000", "contents": "1957 and 1958 Packards, Final Packards\nDespite McRae's efforts, the car that emerged appeared cobbled together, rather than as a cohesive design. Auto reviewer \"Uncle\" Tom McCahill remarked that from the rear it looked as if the cars had been left in the sun too long and the canted fiberglass fins had started to melt down the straight rear fender sides.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [24, 38], "content_span": [39, 355]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075340-0010-0000", "contents": "1957 and 1958 Packards, Final Packards\nOnly 2,034 of the three standard models (sedan, hardtop and station wagon) were produced; an additional 588 Packard Hawks were built as well. The rarest of all '58 Packards is the station wagon, with only 159 produced. The last Packard rolled off the South Bend assembly line on July 25, 1958.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [24, 38], "content_span": [39, 332]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075340-0011-0000", "contents": "1957 and 1958 Packards, Final Packards\nIn 1962 the Studebaker-Packard Corporation officially dropped \"Packard\" from its name.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [24, 38], "content_span": [39, 125]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075340-0012-0000", "contents": "1957 and 1958 Packards, Trivia\nA pink, purple, and gold 1958 Packard estate car is seen in the 2001 film Hearts in Atlantis.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [24, 30], "content_span": [31, 124]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075341-0000-0000", "contents": "1957 elections in India, Presidential election\nThe Election Commission of India held the second presidential elections of India on May 6, 1957. Dr. Rajendra Prasad won his re-election with 459,698 votes over his nearest rival Chowdhry Hari Ram.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 46], "content_span": [47, 244]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075341-0001-0000", "contents": "1957 elections in India, General election\nGeneral elections to the second Lok Sabha since independence were held in India between 24 February to 14 March 1957. The Indian National Congress (INC) easily won the second term, winning 371 of the 494 seats and their vote share increased from 45.0% to 47.8%.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 41], "content_span": [42, 303]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075341-0002-0000", "contents": "1957 elections in India, Legislative Assembly elections\nLegislative Assembly elections in India were conducted for Andhra Pradesh, Assam, Bihar, Bombay, Karnataka,  Kerala, Madhya Pradesh, Madras, Odisha, Punjab, Rajasthan, Uttar Pradesh and West Bengal legislative assemblies in 1957.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 55], "content_span": [56, 285]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075341-0003-0000", "contents": "1957 elections in India, Legislative Assembly elections, Andhra Pradesh*\n*\u00a0: On 1 November 1956, Andhra State was merged with Hyderabad State in 1956 under States Reorganisation Act, 1956, to form a single state, Andhra Pradesh. The  districts of Raichur, Gulbarga and the Marathwada district were detached from the Hyderabad State, while merging with Andhra State. In addition, the Siruguppa taluk, the Bellary taluk, the Hospet taluk and a small area of the Mallapuram sub-taluk were transferred from Mysore State to Andhra Pradesh.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 72], "content_span": [73, 534]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075341-0004-0000", "contents": "1957 elections in India, Legislative Assembly elections, Bihar*\n*\u00a0: Bihar was reduced slightly by the transfer of minor territories to West Bengal in 1956 under States Reorganisation Act, 1956.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 63], "content_span": [64, 193]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075341-0005-0000", "contents": "1957 elections in India, Legislative Assembly elections, Bombay*\n* : On 1 November 1956, under States Reorganisation Act, 1956, Bombay state was re-organized by the addition of Saurashtra State and Kutch State, Nagpur Division of Madhya Pradesh, and Marathwada region of Hyderabad. The state's southernmost districts of Bombay were transferred to Mysore State while Abu Road taluk of the Banaskantha district was transferred to Rajasthan.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 64], "content_span": [65, 438]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075341-0006-0000", "contents": "1957 elections in India, Legislative Assembly elections, Kerala*\n*\u00a0: In 1956, under States Reorganisation Act, 1956, Kerala was formed by the merger of Travancore-Cochin state with the Malabar district of Madras State, Kasaragod taluk of the South Canara district and the Amindive Islands. The southern part of Travancore-Cochin, Kanyakumari district was transferred to Madras State.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 64], "content_span": [65, 383]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075341-0007-0000", "contents": "1957 elections in India, Legislative Assembly elections, Madhya Pradesh*\n*\u00a0: On 1 November 1956, under States Reorganisation Act, 1956, Madhya Bharat (except the Sunel enclave of the Mandsaur district), Vindhya Pradesh, Bhopal state and the Sironj sub-division of the Kota district of Rajasthan were merged into Madhya Pradesh while the Nagpur Division was transferred to Bombay State.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 72], "content_span": [73, 385]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075341-0008-0000", "contents": "1957 elections in India, Legislative Assembly elections, Madras*\n*\u00a0: On 1 November 1956, the southern part of Travancore-Cochin (Kanyakumari district) was added to the Madras State while the Malabar district of the state was transferred to the new state of Kerala, and a new union territory, Laccadive, Minicoy and Amindivi Islands, was created.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 64], "content_span": [65, 345]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075341-0009-0000", "contents": "1957 elections in India, Legislative Assembly elections, Mysore*\n*\u00a0: On 1 November 1956, Mysore state was enlarged by the addition of Coorg State, the Kollegal taluk of the Coimbatore district and the South Kanara district (except the Kasaragod taluk) of Madras State,  and the Kannada speaking districts from southern Bombay state and western Hyderabad State under States Reorganisation Act, 1956. The Siruguppa taluk, the Bellary taluk, the Hospet taluk and a small area of the Mallapuram sub-taluk were detached from the Mysore State.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 64], "content_span": [65, 537]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075341-0010-0000", "contents": "1957 elections in India, Legislative Assembly elections, Punjab*\n*\u00a0: Punjab was enlarged by the addition of Patiala & East Punjab States Union in 1956 under States Reorganisation Act, 1956.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 64], "content_span": [65, 189]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075341-0011-0000", "contents": "1957 elections in India, Legislative Assembly elections, Rajasthan*\n*\u00a0: On 1 November 1956, under States Reorganisation Act, 1956, the Ajmer State, the Abu Road taluk of the Banaskantha district of Bombay State, the Sunel enclave of the Mandsaur district and the Lohara sub-tehsil of the Hissar district of the Punjab was merged with Rajasthan while the Sironj sub-division of the Kota district of Rajasthan was transferred to Madhya Pradesh.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 67], "content_span": [68, 442]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075341-0012-0000", "contents": "1957 elections in India, Legislative Assembly elections, West Bengal*\n*\u00a0: West Bengal was enlarged by the addition of minor territories from Bihar in 1956 under States Reorganisation Act, 1956.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 69], "content_span": [70, 193]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075342-0000-0000", "contents": "1957 in Afghanistan\nThe following lists events that happened during 1957 in Afghanistan.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [19, 19], "content_span": [20, 88]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075342-0001-0000", "contents": "1957 in Afghanistan, June 8\u201311, 1957\nH.S. Suhrawardi, the Prime Minister of Pakistan, visits Kabul and, as a result of his conversation with Mohammad Daud, the two governments agree to restore full diplomatic relations between the two countries.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [21, 36], "content_span": [37, 245]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075342-0002-0000", "contents": "1957 in Afghanistan, July 17\u201331, 1957\nKing Mohammad Zahir Shah, accompanied by Mohammad Naim, Deputy Premier and Minister of Foreign Affairs (he is also a cousin of the king and his brother-in-law), pays a state visit to the U.S.S.R. After a few days in Moscow, the king tours the Soviet Union.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [21, 37], "content_span": [38, 294]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075342-0002-0001", "contents": "1957 in Afghanistan, July 17\u201331, 1957\nOn his return to Moscow he and Kliment Voroshilov, chairman of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet, sign on July 30 a joint communiqu\u00e9 emphasizing the desire of their governments \"to develop and promote the welfare of their countries\"; the king explains to the Soviet statesmen \"the neutral policy of Afghanistan\" and the two parties affirm that \"the principle of peaceful coexistence between all the nations\" is in tune with the principles of the UN Charter. A statement is issued on July 31 that Soviet technicians will assist Afghanistan in prospecting for oil in the Maiman and Mazar-i-Sharif areas, near the Soviet frontier. On August 31 Mohammad Naim announces at Kabul that Afghanistan will receive about $25,000,000 worth of Soviet military material.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [21, 37], "content_span": [38, 796]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075342-0003-0000", "contents": "1957 in Afghanistan, August 26, 1957\nKing Mohammad Zahir arrives in Turkey for a 15-day official visit.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [21, 36], "content_span": [37, 103]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075342-0004-0000", "contents": "1957 in Afghanistan, Autumn 1957\nMohammad Daud Khan, the prime minister, pays a visit to Burma and to the People's Republic of China where, on October 25, Mao Zedong gives a banquet to honour the representative of a nation \"that valiantly resisted colonialism.\"", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [21, 32], "content_span": [33, 261]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075343-0000-0000", "contents": "1957 in Australia\nThe following lists events that happened during 1957 in Australia.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [17, 17], "content_span": [18, 84]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075343-0001-0000", "contents": "1957 in Australia, Science and technology\nThe CSIRO develop radar and microwave navigation systems for aircraft.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 41], "content_span": [42, 112]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075344-0000-0000", "contents": "1957 in Australian literature\nThis article presents a list of the historical events and publications of Australian literature during 1957.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [29, 29], "content_span": [30, 138]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075344-0001-0000", "contents": "1957 in Australian literature, Births\nA list, ordered by date of birth (and, if the date is either unspecified or repeated, ordered alphabetically by surname) of births in 1957 of Australian literary figures, authors of written works or literature-related individuals follows, including year of death.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 37], "content_span": [38, 301]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075344-0002-0000", "contents": "1957 in Australian literature, Deaths\nA list, ordered by date of death (and, if the date is either unspecified or repeated, ordered alphabetically by surname) of deaths in 1957 of Australian literary figures, authors of written works or literature-related individuals follows, including year of birth.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 37], "content_span": [38, 301]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075347-0000-0000", "contents": "1957 in Brazilian football\nThe following article presents a summary of the 1957 football (soccer) season in Brazil, which was the 56th season of competitive football in the country.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [26, 26], "content_span": [27, 181]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075347-0001-0000", "contents": "1957 in Brazilian football, Brazil national team\nThe following table lists all the games played by the Brazil national football team in official competitions and friendly matches during 1957.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [28, 48], "content_span": [49, 191]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075348-0000-0000", "contents": "1957 in Brazilian television\nThis is a list of Brazilian television related events from 1957.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [28, 28], "content_span": [29, 93]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075349-0000-0000", "contents": "1957 in British music\nThis is a summary of 1957 in music in the United Kingdom, including the official charts from that year.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [21, 21], "content_span": [22, 125]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075350-0000-0000", "contents": "1957 in British radio\nThis is a list of events from British radio in 1957.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [21, 21], "content_span": [22, 74]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075351-0000-0000", "contents": "1957 in British television\nThis is a list of British television related events from 1957.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [26, 26], "content_span": [27, 89]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075354-0000-0000", "contents": "1957 in Canadian football\nThe Hamilton Tiger-Cats defeat the Winnipeg Blue Bombers in the Grey Cup.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [25, 25], "content_span": [26, 99]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075354-0001-0000", "contents": "1957 in Canadian football, Canadian Football News in 1957\nIn March 1957, the CRU officially adopted a resolution allowing the Ontario Rugby Football Union (ORFU) to retain its constitutional right to challenge for the Grey Cup but left it up to the Western Interprovincial Football Union and the Interprovincial Rugby Football Union to decide when the ORFU had sufficiently improved its calibre of play.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [27, 57], "content_span": [58, 403]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075354-0002-0000", "contents": "1957 in Canadian football, Canadian Football News in 1957\nThe Canadian Football Council (CFC) allowed interference to be legal up to third 5-yard stripe by eligible blockers.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [27, 57], "content_span": [58, 174]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075354-0003-0000", "contents": "1957 in Canadian football, Canadian Football News in 1957\nThe 45th annual Grey Cup game was televised live from coast to coast in Canada for the first time. TV rights brought in $125,000 for the CFC.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [27, 57], "content_span": [58, 199]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075354-0004-0000", "contents": "1957 in Canadian football, Regular season, Final regular season standings\nNote: GP = Games Played, W = Wins, L = Losses, T = Ties, PF = Points For, PA = Points Against, Pts = Points", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [27, 73], "content_span": [74, 181]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075355-0000-0000", "contents": "1957 in Canadian television\nThis is a list of Canadian television-related events in 1957.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [27, 27], "content_span": [28, 89]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075356-0000-0000", "contents": "1957 in Cape Verde\nThe following lists events that happened during 1957 in Cape Verde.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 18], "section_span": [18, 18], "content_span": [19, 86]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075357-0000-0000", "contents": "1957 in Chile\nThe following lists events that happened during 1957 in Chile.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 13], "section_span": [13, 13], "content_span": [14, 76]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075358-0000-0000", "contents": "1957 in China\nEvents in the year 1957 in China. The country had an estimated population of 635 million people.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 13], "section_span": [13, 13], "content_span": [14, 110]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075359-0000-0000", "contents": "1957 in Croatian television\nThis is a list of Croatian television related events from 1957.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [27, 27], "content_span": [28, 91]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075360-0000-0000", "contents": "1957 in Danish television\nThis is a list of Danish television related events from 1957.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [25, 25], "content_span": [26, 87]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075360-0001-0000", "contents": "1957 in Danish television, Deaths\nThis Danish television-related article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by .", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [27, 33], "content_span": [34, 111]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075362-0000-0000", "contents": "1957 in Dutch television\nThis is a list of Dutch television related events from 1957.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [24, 24], "content_span": [25, 85]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075362-0001-0000", "contents": "1957 in Dutch television, Deaths\nThis Dutch television\u2013related article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by .", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 32], "content_span": [33, 109]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075363-0000-0000", "contents": "1957 in Estonia\nThis article lists events that occurred during 1957 in Estonia.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 15], "section_span": [15, 15], "content_span": [16, 79]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075364-0000-0000", "contents": "1957 in Estonian television\nThis is a list of Estonian television related events from 1957.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [27, 27], "content_span": [28, 91]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075366-0000-0000", "contents": "1957 in French television\nThis is a list of French television related events from 1957.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [25, 25], "content_span": [26, 87]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075367-0000-0000", "contents": "1957 in German television\nThis is a list of German television related events from 1957.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [25, 25], "content_span": [26, 87]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075369-0000-0000", "contents": "1957 in Iceland\nThe following lists events that happened in 1957 in Iceland.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 15], "section_span": [15, 15], "content_span": [16, 76]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075370-0000-0000", "contents": "1957 in India\nEvents in the year 1957 in the Republic of India.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 13], "section_span": [13, 13], "content_span": [14, 63]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075373-0000-0000", "contents": "1957 in Israel, Events, Israeli\u2013Palestinian conflict\nThe most prominent events related to the Israeli\u2013Palestinian conflict which occurred during 1957 include:", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [16, 52], "content_span": [53, 158]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075373-0001-0000", "contents": "1957 in Israel, Events, Israeli\u2013Palestinian conflict\nThe most prominent Palestinian fedayeen terror attacks committed against Israelis during 1957 include:", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [16, 52], "content_span": [53, 155]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075373-0002-0000", "contents": "1957 in Israel, Events, Israeli\u2013Palestinian conflict\nThe most prominent Israeli military counter-terrorism operations (military campaigns and military operations) carried out against Palestinian militants during 1957 include:", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [16, 52], "content_span": [53, 225]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075374-0000-0000", "contents": "1957 in Italian television\nThis is a list of Italian television related events from 1956.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [26, 26], "content_span": [27, 89]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075375-0000-0000", "contents": "1957 in Japan\nEvents in the year 1957 in Japan. It corresponds to Sh\u014dwa 32 (\u662d\u548c32\u5e74)) in the Japanese calendar.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 13], "section_span": [13, 13], "content_span": [14, 109]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075377-0000-0000", "contents": "1957 in Laos\nThe following lists events that happened during 1957 in Laos.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 12], "section_span": [12, 12], "content_span": [13, 74]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075378-0000-0000", "contents": "1957 in Libya\nThe following lists events that happened in 1957 in Libya.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 13], "section_span": [13, 13], "content_span": [14, 72]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075379-0000-0000", "contents": "1957 in Luxembourg\nThe following lists events that happened during 1957 in the Grand Duchy of Luxembourg.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 18], "section_span": [18, 18], "content_span": [19, 105]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075380-0000-0000", "contents": "1957 in Malaya\nThis article lists important figures and events in Malayan public affairs during the year 1957, together with births and deaths of significant Malayans. Malaya became independent from British colonial rule on 31 August 1957.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [14, 14], "content_span": [15, 239]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075381-0000-0000", "contents": "1957 in Michigan, Top stories\nThe Associated Press, United Press and Detroit Free Press each ranked the top Michigan news stories of 1957 as follows:", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 16], "section_span": [18, 29], "content_span": [30, 149]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075381-0001-0000", "contents": "1957 in Michigan, Population\nIn the 1950 United States Census, Michigan was recorded as having a population of 6,421,000 persons, ranking as the seventh most populous state in the country. By 1960, the state's population had grown 22.8% to 7,823,194 persons.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 16], "section_span": [18, 28], "content_span": [29, 258]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075381-0002-0000", "contents": "1957 in Michigan, Population, Cities\nThe following is a list of cities in Michigan with a population of at least 40,000 based on 1950 U.S. Census data. Historic census data from 1940 and 1960 is included to reflect trends in population increases or decreases. Cities that are part of the Detroit metropolitan area are shaded in tan.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 16], "section_span": [18, 36], "content_span": [37, 332]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075381-0003-0000", "contents": "1957 in Michigan, Population, Counties\nThe following is a list of counties in Michigan with populations of at least 100,000 based on 1950 U.S. Census data. Historic census data from 1940 and 1960 are included to reflect trends in population increases or decreases. Counties that are part of the Detroit metropolitan area are shaded in tan.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 16], "section_span": [18, 38], "content_span": [39, 339]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075383-0000-0000", "contents": "1957 in New Zealand\nThe following lists events that happened during  1957 in New Zealand.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [19, 19], "content_span": [20, 89]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075383-0001-0000", "contents": "1957 in New Zealand, Incumbents, Government\nThe 31st New Zealand Parliament continued. In power was the National government under Sidney Holland and later Keith Holyoake. The general election saw the Labour Party win by a narrow two-seat margin.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [21, 43], "content_span": [44, 245]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075383-0002-0000", "contents": "1957 in New Zealand, Arts and literature, Film\nSee : Category:1957 film awards, 1957 in film, List of New Zealand feature films, Cinema of New Zealand, Category:1957 films", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [21, 46], "content_span": [47, 171]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075383-0003-0000", "contents": "1957 in New Zealand, Sport, Lawn bowls\nThe national outdoor lawn bowls championships are held in Auckland.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [21, 38], "content_span": [39, 106]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075387-0000-0000", "contents": "1957 in Norwegian football\nThe 1957 season was the 52nd season of competitive football in Norway.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [26, 26], "content_span": [27, 97]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075388-0000-0000", "contents": "1957 in Norwegian music\nThe following is a list of notable events and releases of the year 1957 in Norwegian music.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [23, 23], "content_span": [24, 115]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075392-0000-0000", "contents": "1957 in Scottish television\nThis is a list of events in Scottish television from 1957.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [27, 27], "content_span": [28, 86]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075393-0000-0000", "contents": "1957 in Singapore\nThe following lists events that happened during 1957 in Colony of Singapore.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [17, 17], "content_span": [18, 94]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075394-0000-0000", "contents": "1957 in South Africa\nThe following lists events that happened during 1957 in South Africa.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [20, 20], "content_span": [21, 90]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075398-0000-0000", "contents": "1957 in Taiwan\nEvents from the year 1957 in Taiwan, Republic of China. This year is numbered Minguo 46 according to the official Republic of China calendar.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [14, 14], "content_span": [15, 156]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075399-0000-0000", "contents": "1957 in Thailand\nThe year 1957 was the 176th year of the Rattanakosin Kingdom of Thailand. It was the 12th in the reign of King Bhumibol Adulyadej (Rama IX), and is reckoned as year 2500 in the Buddhist Era.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 16], "section_span": [16, 16], "content_span": [17, 207]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075401-0000-0000", "contents": "1957 in Wales\nThis article is about the particular significance of the year 1957 to Wales and its people.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 13], "section_span": [13, 13], "content_span": [14, 105]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075403-0000-0000", "contents": "1957 in architecture\nThe year 1957 in architecture involved some significant architectural events and new buildings.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [20, 20], "content_span": [21, 116]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075405-0000-0000", "contents": "1957 in association football\nThe following are the football (soccer) events of the year 1957 throughout the world.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [28, 28], "content_span": [29, 114]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075407-0000-0000", "contents": "1957 in baseball\nThe following are the baseball events of the year 1957  throughout the world.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 16], "section_span": [16, 16], "content_span": [17, 94]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075408-0000-0000", "contents": "1957 in country music\nThis is a list of notable events in country music that took place in the year 1957.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [21, 21], "content_span": [22, 105]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075409-0000-0000", "contents": "1957 in film\nThe year 1957 in film involved some significant events. The Bridge on the River Kwai topped the year's box office in North America, France, and Germany, and won seven Academy Awards, including Best Picture.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 12], "section_span": [12, 12], "content_span": [13, 219]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075409-0001-0000", "contents": "1957 in film, Top-grossing films (U.S.)\nThe top ten 1957 released films by box office gross in North America are as follows:", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 12], "section_span": [14, 39], "content_span": [40, 124]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075410-0000-0000", "contents": "1957 in fine arts of the Soviet Union\nThe year 1957 was marked by many events that left an imprint on the history of Soviet and Russian fine arts.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [37, 37], "content_span": [38, 146]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075411-0000-0000", "contents": "1957 in jazz\nThis is a timeline documenting events of Jazz in the year 1957.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 12], "section_span": [12, 12], "content_span": [13, 76]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075412-0000-0000", "contents": "1957 in literature\nThis article contains information about the literary events and publications of 1957.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 18], "section_span": [18, 18], "content_span": [19, 104]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075413-0000-0000", "contents": "1957 in motorsport\nThe following is an overview of the events of 1957 in motorsport including the major racing events, motorsport venues that were opened and closed during a year, championships and non-championship events that were established and disestablished in a year, and births and deaths of racing drivers and other motorsport people.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 18], "section_span": [18, 18], "content_span": [19, 342]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075413-0001-0000", "contents": "1957 in motorsport, Annual events\nThe calendar includes only annual major non-championship events or annual events that had own significance separate from the championship. For the dates of the championship events see related season articles.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 18], "section_span": [20, 33], "content_span": [34, 242]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075414-0000-0000", "contents": "1957 in music\nThis is a list of notable events in music that took place in the year 1957.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 13], "section_span": [13, 13], "content_span": [14, 89]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075414-0001-0000", "contents": "1957 in music, Biggest hit singles\nThe following songs achieved the highest chart positions in the charts of 1957.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 13], "section_span": [15, 34], "content_span": [35, 114]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075414-0002-0000", "contents": "1957 in music, US No. 1 hit singles\nThese singles reached the top of US Billboard magazine's charts in 1957.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 13], "section_span": [15, 35], "content_span": [36, 108]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075415-0000-0000", "contents": "1957 in paleontology\nPaleontology or palaeontology is the study of prehistoric life forms on Earth through the examination of plant and animal fossils. This includes the study of body fossils, tracks (ichnites), burrows, cast-off parts, fossilised feces (coprolites), palynomorphs and chemical residues. Because humans have encountered fossils for millennia, paleontology has a long history both before and after becoming formalized as a science. This article records significant discoveries and events related to paleontology that occurred or were published in the year 1957.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [20, 20], "content_span": [21, 576]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075415-0001-0000", "contents": "1957 in paleontology, Arthropoda, newly named insects\nExtinct Myrmeciin ant genus, jr synonym of type species Archimyrmex, sole species A. piatnitzkii", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [22, 53], "content_span": [54, 150]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075416-0000-0000", "contents": "1957 in poetry\nNationality words link to articles with information on the nation's poetry or literature (for instance, Irish or France).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [14, 14], "content_span": [15, 136]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075416-0001-0000", "contents": "1957 in poetry, Works published in English\nListed by nation where the work was first published and again by the poet's native land, if different; substantially revised works listed separately:", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [16, 42], "content_span": [43, 192]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075416-0002-0000", "contents": "1957 in poetry, Works in other languages\nListed by language and often by nation where the work was first published and again by the poet's native land, if different; substantially revised works listed separately:", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [16, 40], "content_span": [41, 212]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075416-0003-0000", "contents": "1957 in poetry, Births\nDeath years link to the corresponding \"[year] in poetry\" article:", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [16, 22], "content_span": [23, 88]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075416-0004-0000", "contents": "1957 in poetry, Deaths\nBirth years link to the corresponding \"[year] in poetry\" article:", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [16, 22], "content_span": [23, 88]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075417-0000-0000", "contents": "1957 in professional wrestling\n1957 in professional wrestling describes the year's events in the world of professional wrestling.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [30, 30], "content_span": [31, 129]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075418-0000-0000", "contents": "1957 in radio\nThe year 1957 saw a number of significant events in radio broadcasting history.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 13], "section_span": [13, 13], "content_span": [14, 93]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075419-0000-0000", "contents": "1957 in rail transport\nThis article lists events related to rail transport that occurred in 1957.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [22, 22], "content_span": [23, 97]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075420-0000-0000", "contents": "1957 in science\nThe year 1957 in science and technology involved some significant events, listed below.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 15], "section_span": [15, 15], "content_span": [16, 103]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075421-0000-0000", "contents": "1957 in spaceflight\nThe first orbital flight of an artificial satellite, Sputnik 1, was launched in October 1957, by the Soviet Union. In November, the second orbital flight took place. The Soviet Union launched the first animal to orbit the Earth, a dog, Laika, who died in orbit a few hours after launch.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [19, 19], "content_span": [20, 306]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075422-0000-0000", "contents": "1957 in sports\n1957 in sports describes the year's events in world sport.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [14, 14], "content_span": [15, 73]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075423-0000-0000", "contents": "1957 in television\nThe year 1957 in television involved some significant events. Below is a list of television-related events during 1957.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 18], "section_span": [18, 18], "content_span": [19, 138]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075424-0000-0000", "contents": "1957 in the Belgian Congo\nThe following lists events that happened during 1957 in the Belgian Congo.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [25, 25], "content_span": [26, 100]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075425-0000-0000", "contents": "1957 in the Philippines\n1957 in the Philippines details events of note that happened in the Philippines in the year 1957.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [23, 23], "content_span": [24, 121]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075426-0000-0000", "contents": "1957 in the Soviet Union\nThe following lists events that happened during 1957 in the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [24, 24], "content_span": [25, 121]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075429-0000-0000", "contents": "1957 in the Vietnam War\nIn 1957 South Vietnam's President Ng\u00f4 \u0110\u00ecnh Di\u1ec7m visited the United States and was acclaimed a \"miracle man' who had saved one-half of Vietnam from communism. However, in the latter part of the year, violent incidents committed by anti-Di\u1ec7m insurgents increased and doubts about the viability of Di\u1ec7m's government were expressed in the media and by U.S. government officials.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [23, 23], "content_span": [24, 398]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075429-0001-0000", "contents": "1957 in the Vietnam War\nThe term \"Viet Cong\" for the communist cadres in South Vietnam began to replace the older term \"Viet Minh\" in common usage.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [23, 23], "content_span": [24, 147]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075429-0002-0000", "contents": "1957 in the Vietnam War, January\nThe military budget for the government of South Vietnam in 1957 was projected to total $207 million dollars of which $187 million would come from the United States. Seventy percent of the U.S. assistance was spent paying the salaries of South Vietnamese armed forces.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 32], "content_span": [33, 300]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075429-0003-0000", "contents": "1957 in the Vietnam War, January\nAn author in the prestigious American Journal Foreign Affairs said that \"South Vietnam today is a quasi-police state characterized by arbitrary arrests and imprisonments, strict censorship of the press and the absence of an effective political opposition.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 32], "content_span": [33, 288]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075429-0004-0000", "contents": "1957 in the Vietnam War, January\nThe International Control Commission, formed to administer the Geneva Accords of 1954, said that neither North or South Vietnam had been in compliance with the agreement.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 32], "content_span": [33, 203]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075429-0005-0000", "contents": "1957 in the Vietnam War, February\nWhen Di\u1ec7m delivered a speech at an agricultural fair in Bu\u00f4n Ma Thu\u1ed9t, a communist cadre named H\u00e0 Minh Tri attempted to assassinate him by firing a pistol from close range, but missed, hitting the Secretary for Agrarian Reform's left arm. The weapon jammed and security overpowered Tri before he was able to fire another shot.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 33], "content_span": [34, 360]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075429-0006-0000", "contents": "1957 in the Vietnam War, April\nA CIA National Intelligence Estimate said that the Viet Cong in South Vietnam numbered 5,000 to 8,000 and along with about 2,000 armed members of the Cao \u0110\u00e0i and H\u00f2a H\u1ea3o sects were \"widely dispersed and probably not capable of more than local harassment of government forces and local populations.\"", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 30], "content_span": [31, 329]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075429-0007-0000", "contents": "1957 in the Vietnam War, May\nThe Civil Police Administration project of Michigan State University surveyed the police and paramilitary resources of South Vietnam. The para-military Civil Guard (CG) had 54,000 members and was responsible for patrolling rural areas and maintaining law and order. The Self Defense Corps (SDC) with about 50,000 members was a militia force to protect villages from subversive activities. These two organizations were poorly equipped, trained, and disciplined, especially the SDC whose \"capability to withstand assaults by armed and organized Viet Cong units is virtually nil.\" In addition, in many areas the SDC was infiltrated by the communists.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 28], "content_span": [29, 676]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075429-0008-0000", "contents": "1957 in the Vietnam War, May\nA new U.S. Ambassador in South Vietnam, Elbridge Durbrow warned the Department of State that Di\u1ec7m had \"become more intolerant of dissenting opinions\" and that he relied \"heavily on a small circle of advisers including members of his family.\"", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 28], "content_span": [29, 270]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075429-0009-0000", "contents": "1957 in the Vietnam War, May\nOn an official visit to the United States, President Di\u1ec7m arrived at noon on May 8 at the National Airport in Washington, D.C. aboard the plane of U.S. President Dwight D. Eisenhower, the Columbine III, a silver Lockheed Constellation. Di\u1ec7m was received at the airport by Eisenhower, Secretary of State John Foster Dulles and Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff Nathan Twining. It was only the second time that Eisenhower had greeted a visitor at the airport.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 28], "content_span": [29, 490]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075429-0010-0000", "contents": "1957 in the Vietnam War, May\nDi\u1ec7m addressed the United States Congress and received a standing ovation.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 28], "content_span": [29, 103]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075429-0011-0000", "contents": "1957 in the Vietnam War, May\nDi\u1ec7m was accorded a ticker tape parade in New York City and acclaimed by Mayor Robert Wagner as \"a man history may yet adjudge as one of the great figures of the twentieth century.\"", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 28], "content_span": [29, 210]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075429-0012-0000", "contents": "1957 in the Vietnam War, May\nLife Magazine called Di\u1ec7m \"The Tough Miracle Man of Vietnam.\" He was similarly lauded in other U.S. publications.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 28], "content_span": [29, 142]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075429-0013-0000", "contents": "1957 in the Vietnam War, May\nDi\u1ec7m departed the United States to return to South Vietnam. This date was also Ho Chi Minh's birthday.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 28], "content_span": [29, 131]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075429-0014-0000", "contents": "1957 in the Vietnam War, May\nThe number of U.S. military personnel in South Vietnam was increased from 692 to 736, the great majority being assigned to the Military Assistance Advisory Group (MAAG).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 28], "content_span": [29, 198]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075429-0015-0000", "contents": "1957 in the Vietnam War, June\nL\u00ea Du\u1ea9n, Secretary General of the Communist Party in North Vietnam, wrote a report advocating for North Vietnam to do more to support the communists, now commonly called the Viet Cong, in South Vietnam while continuing to focus on building a socialist society in the North.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 29], "content_span": [30, 303]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075429-0016-0000", "contents": "1957 in the Vietnam War, July\nThe relative peace in South Vietnam during the past year was broken when anti-government dissidents killed 17 people in a bar in the Ch\u00e2u \u0110\u1ed1c massacre. The massacre was attributed to remnants of the H\u00f2a H\u1ea3o religious sect which had been repressed by Di\u1ec7m in 1955 and 1956. The killings were the beginning of a low level campaign targeting government officials, school teachers, and village chief's families.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 29], "content_span": [30, 437]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075429-0017-0000", "contents": "1957 in the Vietnam War, July\nSouth Vietnam's ambitious land reform program had only distributed 35,700 hectares (88,000 acres) to 18,800 farmers during nearly two years of operation. This compared with nearly 1,000,000 hectares (2,500,000 acres) of land estimated to be available for redistribution.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 29], "content_span": [30, 300]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075429-0018-0000", "contents": "1957 in the Vietnam War, September\nThe District Chief of M\u1ef9 Tho Province and his family were assassinated.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 34], "content_span": [35, 106]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075429-0019-0000", "contents": "1957 in the Vietnam War, October\nA bomb was thrown into a Saigon restaurant and injured 13 people.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 32], "content_span": [33, 98]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075429-0020-0000", "contents": "1957 in the Vietnam War, October\nMajor Harry Griffith Cramer Jr. an American army officer, was killed by a bomb near Nha Trang, South Vietnam. It is unclear whether or not the bomb explosion was purposeful.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 32], "content_span": [33, 206]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075429-0021-0000", "contents": "1957 in the Vietnam War, October\nThirteen American soldiers were injured in three attacks aimed at MAAG and United States Information Service installations in Saigon.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 32], "content_span": [33, 166]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075429-0022-0000", "contents": "1957 in the Vietnam War, November\nAn article by David Hotham in The New Republic said that \"We should not suppose that the Communists have done nothing because Di\u1ec7m has been in power\" but \"rather than Di\u1ec7m has remained in power because the Communists have done nothing.\" The Di\u1ec7m government, he said, was not democratic; there was no freedom of the press; and the regime was propped up by American aid.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 33], "content_span": [34, 402]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075429-0023-0000", "contents": "1957 in the Vietnam War, December\nRussian and Chinese ministers Nikita Khrushchev and Chou Enlai decided that South and North Vietnam should be regarded as separate countries and each have a seat at the United Nations. This prompted the North Vietnam government to consider a military solution to unite North and South Vietnam.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 33], "content_span": [34, 327]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075429-0024-0000", "contents": "1957 in the Vietnam War, December\nDuring the last three months of 1957, 190 terrorist attacks and clashes between government security forces and insurgents were reported in South Vietnam. Seventy-four people were killed including 20 government officials and 31 police and military personnel.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 33], "content_span": [34, 291]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075429-0025-0000", "contents": "1957 in the Vietnam War, December\nAmbassador Durbrow in Saigon reported to the Department of State that Di\u1ec7m's focus on security and repression of opposition to his rule was alienating the people of South Vietnam and facilitating the growth of communism.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 33], "content_span": [34, 254]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075429-0026-0000", "contents": "1957 in the Vietnam War, December\nGeneral Samuel Williams, the head of MAAG in South Vietnam responded to Ambassador Durbrow. \"There are no indications of a resumption of large-scale guerrilla war at this date\", he said. The Viet Cong \"lack sufficient strength, do not have a popular base and are faced with a central government whose efficiency to deal with the subversion threat has gradually improved.\"", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 33], "content_span": [34, 405]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075429-0027-0000", "contents": "1957 in the Vietnam War, December\nA Saigon newspaper highlighted the growing violence in the countryside of South Vietnam: \"Today the menace is greater than ever, with the terrorists no longer limiting themselves to the notables in charge of security. Everything suits them, village chiefs, chairmen of liaison committees, simple guards, even former notables... In certain areas the village chiefs spend their nights in the security posts, while the inhabitants organize watches.\"", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 33], "content_span": [34, 480]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075429-0028-0000", "contents": "1957 in the Vietnam War, December\nIn 1957, the anti-communist campaigns of the Di\u1ec7m government decimated the communists in South Vietnam. 2,000 suspected communist party members and sympathizers were killed and 65,000 were arrested. Communist party membership in South Vietnam was 5,000 in mid-1957 and had been reduced to one-third that by the end of the year. According to a North Vietnamese historian, 1957 was \"the darkest period\" for the communist movement in South Vietnam.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 33], "content_span": [34, 479]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075430-0000-0000", "contents": "1957 nine-pin bowling World Championships\nThe 1957 nine-pin bowling World Championships was the third edition of the championships and was held in Vienna, Austria, from 9 to 14 June 1957.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 41], "section_span": [41, 41], "content_span": [42, 187]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075430-0001-0000", "contents": "1957 nine-pin bowling World Championships\nIn the men's competition the title was won by Yugoslavia in the team competition and by Ion Micoroiu (Romania) in the individual event. In the women's competition the title was won by Austria in the team competition and by Gertrude Schmidka (Austria) in the individual event. Hungary and Romania entered its first championship.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 41], "section_span": [41, 41], "content_span": [42, 369]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075430-0002-0000", "contents": "1957 nine-pin bowling World Championships, Results, Men - team\nThe competition was played with 200 throws mixed (100 full, 100 clean). Teams were composed of 6 competitors and the scores were added up.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 41], "section_span": [43, 62], "content_span": [63, 201]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075430-0003-0000", "contents": "1957 nine-pin bowling World Championships, Results, Women - team\nThe competition was played with 100 throws mixed (50 full, 50 clean). Teams were composed of 6 competitors and the scores were added up.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 41], "section_span": [43, 64], "content_span": [65, 201]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075431-0000-0000", "contents": "1957 \u00c5landic legislative election\nLegislative elections were held the \u00c5land Islands on 15 June 1957.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [33, 33], "content_span": [34, 100]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075432-0000-0000", "contents": "1957 \u00darvalsdeild, Overview\nIt was contested by 6 teams, and \u00cdA won the championship. \u00cdA's \u00de\u00f3r\u00f0ur \u00de\u00f3r\u00f0arson was the top scorer with 6 goals.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 16], "section_span": [18, 26], "content_span": [27, 139]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075433-0000-0000", "contents": "1957/1958 News of the World Snooker Tournament\nThe 1957/1958 News of the World Snooker Tournament was a professional snooker tournament sponsored by the News of the World. The tournament was won by Fred Davis who won 4 of his 5 matches, ahead of John Pulman. Pulman also won 4 matches but Davis won more frames overall. The News of the World Snooker Tournament ran from 1949/50 to 1959.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 46], "section_span": [46, 46], "content_span": [47, 386]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075433-0001-0000", "contents": "1957/1958 News of the World Snooker Tournament, Format\nThe 1957/1958 event was a round-robin snooker tournament and was played from 14 October 1957 to 15 March 1958. Matches were played at various locations around the United Kingdom and also on Jersey. There were 6 competitors and a total of 15 matches. The competitors were the same as in the previous two seasons, Joe Davis, Fred Davis, Walter Donaldson, John Pulman, Jackie Rea and Rex Williams. Each match lasted three days and was the best of 37 frames.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 46], "section_span": [48, 54], "content_span": [55, 509]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075433-0002-0000", "contents": "1957/1958 News of the World Snooker Tournament, Format\nEach match was separately handicapped. Joe Davis gave Fred Davis and John Pulman, a 10-point start each frame, Walter Donaldson 14, Jackie Rea 17 and Rex Williams 20. Fred Davis gave Walter Donaldson 12, Jackie Rea 14 and Rex Williams 18. John Pulman gave Jackie Rea 14 and Rex Williams 18. Walter Donaldson gave Jackie Rea 7 and Rex Williams 10 while Jackie Rea gave Rex Williams 5 points. The handicaps in the Fred Davis/Pulman and Pulman/Donaldson matches are not known.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 46], "section_span": [48, 54], "content_span": [55, 528]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075433-0003-0000", "contents": "1957/1958 News of the World Snooker Tournament, Results\nWalter Donaldson  made a break of 141 in his opening match against Joe Davis.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 46], "section_span": [48, 55], "content_span": [56, 133]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075433-0004-0000", "contents": "1957/1958 News of the World Snooker Tournament, Results\nThe positions were determined firstly by the number of matches won (MW) and, in the event of a tie, the number of frames won (FW).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 46], "section_span": [48, 55], "content_span": [56, 186]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075433-0005-0000", "contents": "1957/1958 News of the World Snooker Tournament, Broadcasting\nThe BBC showed a short, 35 minute, TV programme of the final day of the final match from Houldsworth Hall, Manchester. The commentator was Sidney Smith.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 46], "section_span": [48, 60], "content_span": [61, 213]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075434-0000-0000", "contents": "1957/58 NTFL season\nThe 1957/58 NTFL season was the 37th season of the Northern Territory Football League (NTFL).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [19, 19], "content_span": [20, 113]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075434-0001-0000", "contents": "1957/58 NTFL season\nWanderers have won their seventh premiership title while defeating the Nightcliff in the grand final by nine points.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [19, 19], "content_span": [20, 136]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075435-0000-0000", "contents": "1957: Hati Malaya\n1957: Hati Malaya (Malay: 1957: The Heart of Malaya) is a 2007 Malaysian historical film. It was released on 25 October 2007.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [17, 17], "content_span": [18, 143]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075435-0001-0000", "contents": "1957: Hati Malaya, Synopsis\nFour young Malaysians, Hali, Salmi, Ani and Rafiq have been assigned to do a picture book of \"1957\". While two of them grudgingly carry out the request made by the publisher, Hali takes on the role enthusiastically. Along the way, they find themselves immersed in the characters, emotional moments, identifying with and finding meaning in the struggle of \"1957\". They weave the story of independence by transporting themselves back to the past. Ordinary Malaysians who fell in love, and found their love for the country override their personal emotions. The present characters find new meaning to \"Merdeka\".", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 27], "content_span": [28, 635]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075436-0000-0000", "contents": "1957\u20131958 Massachusetts legislature\nThe 160th Massachusetts General Court, consisting of the Massachusetts Senate and the Massachusetts House of Representatives, met in 1957 and 1958 during the governorship of Foster Furcolo. Newland H. Holmes served as president of the Senate and John F. Thompson served as speaker of the House.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [35, 35], "content_span": [36, 330]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075437-0000-0000", "contents": "1957\u20131958 influenza pandemic\nThe 1957\u20131958 Asian flu pandemic was a global pandemic of influenza A virus subtype H2N2 that originated in Guizhou in southern China. The number of deaths caused by the 1957\u20131958 pandemic is estimated between one and four million worldwide, making it one of the deadliest pandemics in history. A decade later, a reassorted viral strain H3N2 further caused the Hong Kong flu pandemic (1968\u20131969).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [28, 28], "content_span": [29, 425]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075437-0001-0000", "contents": "1957\u20131958 influenza pandemic, History, Origin and outbreak in China\nThe first cases were reported in Guizhou of southern China, in 1956 or in early 1957. They were soon reported in the neighbouring province of Yunnan in late February or early March 1957. By the middle of March, the flu had spread all over China.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 67], "content_span": [68, 313]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075437-0002-0000", "contents": "1957\u20131958 influenza pandemic, History, Origin and outbreak in China\nThe People's Republic of China was not a member of the World Health Organization at the time (not until 1981), and did not inform other countries about the outbreak. The United States CDC, however, states that the flu was \"first reported in Singapore in February 1957\".", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 67], "content_span": [68, 337]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075437-0003-0000", "contents": "1957\u20131958 influenza pandemic, History, Origin and outbreak in China\nIn late 1957, a second wave of the flu took place in Northern China, especially in rural areas. In the same year, as response to the epidemic, the Chinese government established the Chinese National Influenza Center (CNIC), which soon published a manual on influenza in 1958.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 67], "content_span": [68, 343]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075437-0004-0000", "contents": "1957\u20131958 influenza pandemic, History, Outbreak in other areas\nOn 17 April 1957, The Times reported that \"an influenza epidemic has affected thousands of Hong Kong residents\". By the end of the month (or as early as February), Singapore also experienced an outbreak of the new flu, which peaked in mid-May with 680 deaths, and Singapore was the first country to notify the World Health Organization about an extensive outbreak of the flu which \"appeared to have been introduced from Hong Kong\". In Taiwan, 100,000 were affected by mid-May, and India suffered a million cases by June. In late June, the pandemic reached the United Kingdom.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 62], "content_span": [63, 638]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075437-0005-0000", "contents": "1957\u20131958 influenza pandemic, History, Outbreak in other areas\nBy June 1957, it reached the United States, where it initially caused few infections. Some of the first people affected were US Navy personnel at destroyers docked at Newport Naval Station and new military recruits elsewhere. The first wave peaked in October and affected mainly children who recently returned to school after summer break. The second wave, in January and February 1958, was more pronounced among elderly people and so was more fatal.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 62], "content_span": [63, 513]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075437-0006-0000", "contents": "1957\u20131958 influenza pandemic, History, Vaccine and aftermath\nThe microbiologist Maurice Hilleman was alarmed by pictures of those affected by the virus in Hong Kong that were published in The New York Times. He obtained samples of the virus from a US Navy doctor in Japan. The Public Health Service released the virus cultures to vaccine manufacturers on 12 May 1957, and a vaccine entered trials at Fort Ord on 26 July and Lowry Air Force Base on 29 July.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 60], "content_span": [61, 456]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075437-0007-0000", "contents": "1957\u20131958 influenza pandemic, History, Vaccine and aftermath\nThe number of deaths peaked the week ending 17 October, with 600 reported in England and Wales. The vaccine was available in the same month in the United Kingdom. Although it was initially available only in limited quantities, its rapid deployment helped contain the pandemic. Hilleman's vaccine is believed to have saved hundreds of thousands of lives. Some predicted that the U.S. death toll would have reached 1 million without the vaccine that Hilleman called for.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 60], "content_span": [61, 529]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075437-0008-0000", "contents": "1957\u20131958 influenza pandemic, History, Vaccine and aftermath\nH2N2 influenza virus continued to be transmitted until 1968, when it transformed via antigenic shift into influenza A virus subtype H3N2, the cause of the 1968 influenza pandemic.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 60], "content_span": [61, 240]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075437-0009-0000", "contents": "1957\u20131958 influenza pandemic, Virology\nThe strain of virus that caused the Asian flu pandemic, influenza A virus subtype H2N2, was a recombination of avian influenza (probably from geese) and human influenza viruses. As it was a novel strain of the virus, the population had minimal immunity. The reproduction number for the virus was around 1.8 and approximately two-thirds of infected individuals were estimated to have experienced clinical symptoms.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 38], "content_span": [39, 452]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075437-0010-0000", "contents": "1957\u20131958 influenza pandemic, Mortality estimates\nIn October 1957, Leroy Edgar Burney told The New York Times that the pandemic is mild and the case fatality rate (CFR) is below \"two-thirds of 1 per cent\", or less than 0.67%. After the pandemic, information from 29 general practices in the UK estimated 2.3 deaths per 1,000 medically attended cases. On the symposium of Asian influenza in 1958, a range of CFR from 0.01% to 0.33% was provided, most frequently in between 0.02% and 0.05%. More recently, the World Health Organization estimated the CFR of Asian flu to be lower than 0.2%. In the US pandemic preparedness plan, the CDC estimated the CFR of 1957 pandemic to be 0.1%. Other scholars estimated the CFR to be less than or near 0.1%.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 49], "content_span": [50, 743]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075437-0011-0000", "contents": "1957\u20131958 influenza pandemic, Mortality estimates\nIt could cause pneumonia by itself without the presence of secondary bacterial infection. It may have infected as many as or more people than the 1918 Spanish flu pandemic, but the vaccine, improved health care, and the invention of antibiotics to manage opportunistic bacterial infections contributed to a lower mortality rate. It caused many infections in children, spread in schools, and led to many school closures. However, the virus was rarely fatal in children and was most deadly in pregnant women, the elderly, and those with pre-existing heart and lung disease. Estimates of the number of deaths worldwide vary:", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 49], "content_span": [50, 671]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075437-0012-0000", "contents": "1957\u20131958 influenza pandemic, Economic effects\nThe Dow Jones Industrial Average lost 15% of its value in the second half of 1957, and the U.S. experienced a recession. In the United Kingdom, the government paid out \u00a310,000,000 in sickness benefit, and some factories and mines had to close. Many schools had to close in Ireland, including seventeen in Dublin.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 46], "content_span": [47, 359]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075438-0000-0000", "contents": "1957\u20131959 Currie Cup\nThe 1957\u20131959 Currie Cup was the 27th edition of the Currie Cup, the premier domestic rugby union competition in South Africa. It was the first time in the tournament's history that the competition spanned multiple years.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [20, 20], "content_span": [21, 242]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075438-0001-0000", "contents": "1957\u20131959 Currie Cup\nThe tournament was won by  Western Province for the 19th time.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [20, 20], "content_span": [21, 83]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075439-0000-0000", "contents": "1957\u201358 1re s\u00e9rie season\nThe 1957\u201358 1re s\u00e9rie season was the 37th season of the 1re s\u00e9rie, the top level of ice hockey in France. Chamonix Hockey Club won their 16th league title.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [24, 24], "content_span": [25, 180]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075440-0000-0000", "contents": "1957\u201358 AHL season\nThe 1957\u201358 AHL season was the 22nd season of the American Hockey League. Six teams each played 70 games in their schedules. The Hershey Bears finished first overall in the regular season, and won their second Calder Cup championship.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 18], "section_span": [18, 18], "content_span": [19, 253]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075440-0001-0000", "contents": "1957\u201358 AHL season, Final standings\nNote: GP = Games played; W = Wins; L = Losses; T = Ties; GF = Goals for; GA = Goals against; Pts = Points;", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 18], "section_span": [20, 35], "content_span": [36, 142]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075440-0002-0000", "contents": "1957\u201358 AHL season, Scoring leaders\nNote: GP = Games played; G = Goals; A = Assists; Pts = Points; PIM = Penalty Minutes", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 18], "section_span": [20, 35], "content_span": [36, 120]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075440-0003-0000", "contents": "1957\u201358 AHL season, All Star Classic\nThe 5th AHL All-Star game was played on October 6, 1957, at the Rochester Community War Memorial in Rochester, New York. The defending Calder Cup champions Cleveland Barons lost 5-2 to the AHL All-Stars.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 18], "section_span": [20, 36], "content_span": [37, 240]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075441-0000-0000", "contents": "1957\u201358 Aberdeen F.C. season\nThe 1957\u201358 season was Aberdeen's 45th season in the top flight of Scottish football and their 47th season overall. Aberdeen competed in the Scottish League Division One, Scottish League Cup, and the Scottish Cup", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [28, 28], "content_span": [29, 241]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075442-0000-0000", "contents": "1957\u201358 Alessandria U.S. season\nThe 1957\u201358 season of Alessandria Unione Sportiva's was their 46th in Italian football and their 11th in Serie A.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [31, 31], "content_span": [32, 145]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075442-0001-0000", "contents": "1957\u201358 Alessandria U.S. season\nBack in Serie A after 9 years, Alessandria U.S. built a competitive team, comprehensive of Italy defender Giacomazzi, talented Tagnin and Switzerland forward Vonlanthen.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [31, 31], "content_span": [32, 201]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075442-0002-0000", "contents": "1957\u201358 Alessandria U.S. season\nAlessandria's coaches Robotti and Pedroni settled the team with a strong \"catenaccio\": the quality of the holding midfielder-line granted good matches, and for a long time the Grigi's occupied the first positions of the classification, even if they fell away in the last part of the championship, ending 12th.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [31, 31], "content_span": [32, 341]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075442-0003-0000", "contents": "1957\u201358 Alessandria U.S. season\nIn 1957\u201358 season Alessandria ended as the 3rd best defense in Serie A, with 42 goals against in 34 matches: only Internazionale and Fiorentina did it better.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [31, 31], "content_span": [32, 190]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075442-0004-0000", "contents": "1957\u201358 Alessandria U.S. season\nRoger Vonlanthen, even though he scored only 8 goals (less than the expected), was the top goalscorer.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [31, 31], "content_span": [32, 134]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075443-0000-0000", "contents": "1957\u201358 Allsvenskan, Overview\nThe league was contested by 12 teams, with IFK G\u00f6teborg winning the championship. This season began in the summer of 1957, but didn't finish until the autumn of 1958. In this unusually long season, the teams met each other three times instead of twice, resulting in a season consisting of 33 rounds instead of 22. For this reason, it was referred to as the \"Marathon Allsvenskan\".", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [21, 29], "content_span": [30, 410]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075444-0000-0000", "contents": "1957\u201358 Allsvenskan (men's handball)\nThe 1957\u201358 Allsvenskan was the 24th season of the top division of Swedish handball. 10 teams competed in the league. Redbergslids IK won the league and claimed their fifth Swedish title. IFK Kristianstad and IFK Bor\u00e5s were relegated.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [36, 36], "content_span": [37, 271]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075445-0000-0000", "contents": "1957\u201358 American Soccer League\nThis is the current revision of this page, as edited by Frietjes (talk | contribs) at 15:16, 14 March 2020. The present address (URL) is a permanent link to this version.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [30, 30], "content_span": [31, 201]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075446-0000-0000", "contents": "1957\u201358 Arkansas Razorbacks men's basketball team\nThe 1957\u201358 Arkansas Razorbacks men's basketball team represented the University of Arkansas in the 1957\u201358 college basketball season. The Razorbacks played their home games in Barnhill Arena (then known as Razorback Fieldhouse) in Fayetteville, Arkansas. Arkansas competed in the Southwest Conference. It was former Razorback All-American Glen Rose's sixth season in his second stint as head coach of the Hogs and fifteenth season overall as Arkansas's coach. The Razorbacks tied for the Southwest Conference championship with a record of 9\u20135 against SWC teams and 17\u201310 overall. Arkansas earned the SWC's bid to the NCAA Tournament, but lost both its second-round game and regional consolation match. The Oklahoma State team that beat Arkansas in the Sweet Sixteen featured future Razorback head coach Eddie Sutton at point guard.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 49], "section_span": [49, 49], "content_span": [50, 882]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075446-0001-0000", "contents": "1957\u201358 Arkansas Razorbacks men's basketball team\n1958 was Arkansas's fourteenth SWC Championship and its fifth NCAA Tournament appearance. Glen Rose won his fifth SWC championship as coach of the Razorbacks and the only conference championship of his second tenure as head coach. Arkansas was ranked in the AP Poll for the second time in program history on January 20, 1958. The Hogs were ranked for consecutive weeks for the first time ever when they were ranked for three straight weeks before losing to Rice and falling out of the polls. Senior Fred Grim was named First Team All-SWC, First Team All-District, and AP All-American Honorable Mention. Grim was drafted in the fifth round of the 1958 NBA Draft by the Syracuse Nationals.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 49], "section_span": [49, 49], "content_span": [50, 737]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075447-0000-0000", "contents": "1957\u201358 Arsenal F.C. season\nDuring the 1957\u201358 English football season, Arsenal F.C. competed in the Football League First Division.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [27, 27], "content_span": [28, 132]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075447-0001-0000", "contents": "1957\u201358 Arsenal F.C. season, Squad\nNote: Flags indicate national team as defined under FIFA eligibility rules. Players may hold more than one non-FIFA nationality.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 34], "content_span": [35, 163]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075448-0000-0000", "contents": "1957\u201358 Aston Villa F.C. season\nThe 1957\u201358 English football season was Aston Villa's 58th season in the Football League, this season playing in the Football League First Division.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [31, 31], "content_span": [32, 180]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075448-0001-0000", "contents": "1957\u201358 Aston Villa F.C. season\nVilla were beaten by Manchester United in the 1957 FA Charity Shield. The season commenced on 24 August 1957 with a 1-3 defeat away to local rivals, Birmingham City with the home team recording its highest home attendance for the entire season with 50,780 spectators. Local rival \"Wolves\" achieved the double over Villa, part of a run of seven between 1957 and 1960.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [31, 31], "content_span": [32, 398]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075448-0002-0000", "contents": "1957\u201358 Aston Villa F.C. season\nFA Cup Holders Villa were knocked out in the third round by Second Division Stoke City in a 2nd replay.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [31, 31], "content_span": [32, 135]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075449-0000-0000", "contents": "1957\u201358 Atlantic Coast Conference men's basketball season, NIT\nLeague rules prevented ACC teams from playing in the NIT, 1954\u20131966", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 57], "section_span": [59, 62], "content_span": [63, 130]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075450-0000-0000", "contents": "1957\u201358 Auburn Tigers men's basketball team\nThe 1957\u201358 Auburn Tigers men's basketball team represented Auburn University in the 1957\u201358 college basketball season. The team's head coach was Joel Eaves, who was in his ninth season at Auburn. The team played their home games at Auburn Sports Arena in Auburn, Alabama. They finished the season 16\u20136, 11\u20133 in SEC play.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 43], "section_span": [43, 43], "content_span": [44, 365]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075451-0000-0000", "contents": "1957\u201358 Australia rugby union tour of Britain, Ireland and France\nBetween late 1957 and March 1958 the Australia national rugby union team \u2013 the Wallabies \u2013 conducted a world tour encompassing Britain, Ireland, France and Canada on which they played five Tests and thirty-one minor tour matches. The Wallabies won 17, lost 16 and drew three of their games in total. They lost all five Tests of the tour.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 65], "section_span": [65, 65], "content_span": [66, 403]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075451-0001-0000", "contents": "1957\u201358 Australia rugby union tour of Britain, Ireland and France, The squad's leadership\nVersatile back Dick Tooth had made 10 Test appearances for Australia before the tour and had captained the Wallabies well in two 1957 Tests against the All Blacks. Howell expresses a view that it was inexplicable that Tooth was not selected for the tour and partially blames this as cause of the disappointing tour result. However Howell writes that Bob Davidson possessed outstanding qualities to make him a natural touring captain. He was a born leader of men, was immensely popular, he met people well, was highly intelligent and spoke well in public. He played in 32 of the 41 tour games and did everything in his power to make the tour a success.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 65], "section_span": [67, 89], "content_span": [90, 741]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075451-0002-0000", "contents": "1957\u201358 Australia rugby union tour of Britain, Ireland and France, The squad's leadership\nVeteran second-rower Alan Cameron had captained the Wallabies in 18 matches in 1955 and 1956 but was no longer supreme in his position nor guaranteed of Test selection. However he made a superb contribution to the tour playing in 22 matches including one Test and captained the side in seven mid-week matches", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 65], "section_span": [67, 89], "content_span": [90, 398]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075451-0003-0000", "contents": "1957\u201358 Australia rugby union tour of Britain, Ireland and France, The squad's leadership\nAs per tradition, Assistant Manager Dave Cowper assumed the coaching duties. Howell writes that in spite of the mounting losses, Cowper \"ever the gentleman, never criticised the players, even when he had every right to....he personified the true amateur, playing always to the rules with a strict code of ethics\" Squad member Nicholas Shehadie was less complimentary in his published recollections suggesting Cowper had limited imagination as a coach with \"our training devoid of variety which made it very tedious.\"", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 65], "section_span": [67, 89], "content_span": [90, 606]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075451-0004-0000", "contents": "1957\u201358 Australia rugby union tour of Britain, Ireland and France, Tour details\nThe squad was on tour for eight months in total and travelled to England by ship. Shehadie reports that the team issue consisted of \" two blazers, a pair of grey slacks, four green ties with a hand-painted wallaby on each, a heavy pullover and a track suit.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 65], "section_span": [67, 79], "content_span": [80, 337]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075451-0004-0001", "contents": "1957\u201358 Australia rugby union tour of Britain, Ireland and France, Tour details\nIn addition, each player received one pair of boots \u2013 with another pair to be issued in England \u2013 sandshoes for training on the ship, a heavy woollen scarf and tablets to counteract sea-sickness, Vitamin C tablets to counteract colds in Britain and a packet of tranquiliser tablets to be used at the player's own discretion\"' He recalls that the squad's pocket money was 10s a day, up from 5s a decade before.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 65], "section_span": [67, 79], "content_span": [80, 489]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075451-0005-0000", "contents": "1957\u201358 Australia rugby union tour of Britain, Ireland and France, Test matches, Wales\nAUSTRALIA: Terry Curley, Roderick Phelps, Kenneth Donald, Jim Lenehan, Jack Potts, Arthur Summons, Des Connor, Nicholas Shehadie, Norman Hughes, Peter Fenwicke, Tony Miller, David Emanuel, John Thornett, James Brown, Robert Davidson (captain)", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 65], "section_span": [67, 86], "content_span": [87, 329]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075451-0006-0000", "contents": "1957\u201358 Australia rugby union tour of Britain, Ireland and France, Test matches, Wales\nWALES: Terry Davies, John Collins, Gordon Wells, Cyril Davies, Ray Williams, Carwyn James, Wynne Evans, Don Devereux, Bryn Meredith, Ray Prosser, Rhys Williams, Roddy Evans, Robin Davies, Clem Thomas (captain), John Faull", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 65], "section_span": [67, 86], "content_span": [87, 308]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075451-0007-0000", "contents": "1957\u201358 Australia rugby union tour of Britain, Ireland and France, Test matches, Ireland\nShehadie writes in his memoirs that his response to Noel Murphy continually blocking his vision in the scrum was to deal him a punch in an ensuing scrum. He recalls that the Lansdowne Rd crowd booed the Australian team and that press afterwards singled out Shehadie for his brutal play. He suggests that Dave Cowper then determined to make an example of him and true to his word did not select him in another Test of the tour. It was therefore Shehadie's last Test match, as it would also be for Australia's other forward veteran Alan Cameron.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 65], "section_span": [67, 88], "content_span": [89, 632]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075451-0008-0000", "contents": "1957\u201358 Australia rugby union tour of Britain, Ireland and France, Test matches, Ireland\nAUSTRALIA: Terry Curley, Kenneth Donald, Saxon White, Jack Potts, Roderick Phelps, Arthur Summons, Des Connor, Nicholas Shehadie, James Brown, Robert Davidson (captain), Alan Cameron, David Emanuel, John Thornett Norman Hughes, Peter Fenwicke", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 65], "section_span": [67, 88], "content_span": [89, 331]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075451-0009-0000", "contents": "1957\u201358 Australia rugby union tour of Britain, Ireland and France, Test matches, Ireland\nIRELAND: Patrick Berkery, Tony O'Reilly, Noel Henderson (c), Dave Hewitt, Cecil Pedlow, Jackie Kyle, Andy Mulligan, Patrick O'Donoghue, Ronnie Dawson, Gordon Wood, James Stevenson, Bill Mulcahy, James Donaldson, Noel Murphy, James Kavanagh Alan Cameron", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 65], "section_span": [67, 88], "content_span": [89, 341]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075451-0010-0000", "contents": "1957\u201358 Australia rugby union tour of Britain, Ireland and France, Test matches, England\nThis was the day Twickenham booed, a rare sound at the august ground. But when big Jim Lenehan tackled Phil Horrocks-Taylor late and so heavily that he was taken off the field, the crowd were annoyed. Every time Lenehan touched the ball, the crowd booed.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 65], "section_span": [67, 88], "content_span": [89, 343]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075451-0011-0000", "contents": "1957\u201358 Australia rugby union tour of Britain, Ireland and France, Test matches, England\nThe scores were 3\u20130 at half time, but soon Malcolm Phillips scored a great try and then the elegant Terry Curley gave the Wallabies the lead with a drop goal. When injury time came the score was 6-all. Then came the only try of the match by brilliant Peter Jackson. Jackson out on the wing, got a pass on the Wallaby 25. He was not the fastest of wings \u2013 but he was deceptive and knew sidestep, swerve and hand-off, and used them as deadly weapons. He swerved away from Rod Phelps and handed him off. He moved to cut in, plonking Terry Curley onto the wrong foot as he beat him on the outside. Phelps was gaining, the line was approaching, Phelps was faster and Jackson dived with Phelps on his back.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 65], "section_span": [67, 88], "content_span": [89, 789]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075451-0012-0000", "contents": "1957\u201358 Australia rugby union tour of Britain, Ireland and France, Test matches, England\nIt was England's first post-war Test victory over one of the three Southern powers.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 65], "section_span": [67, 88], "content_span": [89, 172]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075451-0013-0000", "contents": "1957\u201358 Australia rugby union tour of Britain, Ireland and France, Test matches, England\nAUSTRALIA: Terry Curley, Roderick Phelps, Kenneth Donald, Jim Lenehan, Saxon White, Arthur Summons, Des Connor, Kevin Ryan, Norman Hughes, Peter Fenwicke, Tony Miller, David Emanuel, Geoffrey Vaughan, James Brown, Robert Davidson (captain)", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 65], "section_span": [67, 88], "content_span": [89, 328]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075451-0014-0000", "contents": "1957\u201358 Australia rugby union tour of Britain, Ireland and France, Test matches, England\nENGLAND: James Hetherington, Peter Jackson, Malcolm Phillips, Jeff Butterfield, Peter Thompson, Phil Horrocks-Taylor, Dickie Jeeps, Ned Ashcroft, Ronald Syrett, Peter Robbins, David Marques, John Currie, Ron Jacobs, Eric Evans (captain), George Hastings", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 65], "section_span": [67, 88], "content_span": [89, 342]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075451-0015-0000", "contents": "1957\u201358 Australia rugby union tour of Britain, Ireland and France, Test matches, Scotland\nAUSTRALIA: Terry Curley, Kenneth Donald, Jim Lenehan, Saxon White, Roderick Phelps, Arthur Summons, Des Connor, Geoffrey Vaughan, James Brown, Robert Davidson (captain), Tony Miller, David Emanuel, Eddie Purkiss, John Thornett, Norman Hughes", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 65], "section_span": [67, 89], "content_span": [90, 331]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075451-0016-0000", "contents": "1957\u201358 Australia rugby union tour of Britain, Ireland and France, Test matches, Scotland\nSCOTLAND: Robin Chisholm, Arthur Smith (captain), George Stevenson, James Docherty, Thomas Weatherstone, Gordon Waddell, Tremayne Rodd, Hugh McLeod, Norman Bruce, Tom Elliot, Malcolm Swan, Hamish Kemp, Ken Smith, Adam Robson, Jim Greenwood", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 65], "section_span": [67, 89], "content_span": [90, 329]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075451-0017-0000", "contents": "1957\u201358 Australia rugby union tour of Britain, Ireland and France, Test matches, France\nAUSTRALIA: Terry Curley, Alan Morton, Jim Lenehan, Roderick Phelps, Otto Fox, Ron Harvey, Des Connor, Geoffrey Vaughan, James Brown, Robert Davidson (captain), Tony Miller, David Emanuel, Ken Yanz, John Thornett, Norman Hughes", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 65], "section_span": [67, 87], "content_span": [88, 314]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075451-0018-0000", "contents": "1957\u201358 Australia rugby union tour of Britain, Ireland and France, Test matches, France\nFRANCE: Michel Vannier, Henir Rancolue, Maurice Prat, Roger Martine, Pierre Tarricq, Antoince Labazuy, Pierre Lacroix, Aldo Quaglio, Robert Vigier, Alfred Roques, Lucien Mias, Michel Celaya (captain), Michel Crauste, Henir Domec, Jean Barthe", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 65], "section_span": [67, 87], "content_span": [88, 329]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075451-0019-0000", "contents": "1957\u201358 Australia rugby union tour of Britain, Ireland and France, Touring party, Squad\nThe team's most experienced centre three quarter Jim Phipps ( 11 caps prior to tour) played 7 of the first 9 games but broke his leg against Glasgow and Edinburgh and did not play again on tour.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 65], "section_span": [67, 87], "content_span": [88, 282]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075451-0020-0000", "contents": "1957\u201358 Australia rugby union tour of Britain, Ireland and France, Touring party, Squad\nThe Wallabies played a match in Perth on the way to England during which lock Stewart Scotts broke a wrist and feared he would be left at home. Management decided the six weeks boat trip would give him sufficient time to recover, a decision vindicated by his playing several mid- week games during the tour.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 65], "section_span": [67, 87], "content_span": [88, 395]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075452-0000-0000", "contents": "1957\u201358 Austrian football championship, Overview\nIt was contested by 14 teams, and Wiener Sportclub won the championship.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 48], "content_span": [49, 121]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075453-0000-0000", "contents": "1957\u201358 Bahraini Premier League\nThe 1957\u201358 Bahraini Premier League was won by Muharraq Club.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [31, 31], "content_span": [32, 93]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075454-0000-0000", "contents": "1957\u201358 Belgian First Division, Overview\nIt was contested by 16 teams, and Standard Li\u00e8ge won the championship.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 40], "content_span": [41, 111]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075455-0000-0000", "contents": "1957\u201358 Benelux Cup\nThe 1957-58 Benelux Cup was won by Feijenoord Rotterdam in the final against RSC Anderlecht.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [19, 19], "content_span": [20, 112]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075456-0000-0000", "contents": "1957\u201358 Be\u015fikta\u015f J.K. season\nThe 1957\u201358 season was the 55th year of the club's existence. They played in the Turkish Federation Cup for the cup's second year (It would also be the last). They won it by defeating Galatasaray 2-0 on aggregate, in a two legged final. By winning the tournament, Be\u015fikta\u015f qualified for the 1958\u201359 European Cup. Be\u015fikta\u015f won the cup last year and qualified for the 1957\u201358 European Cup, but the Turkish Football Federation did not send their names to the draw so they were disqualified. In the \u0130stanbul Football League, Be\u015fikta\u015f finished 4th, behind Galatasaray, Fenerbah\u00e7e and \u0130stanbulspor.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [28, 28], "content_span": [29, 621]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075456-0001-0000", "contents": "1957\u201358 Be\u015fikta\u015f J.K. season, \u0130stanbul Football League\nIn the 1957\u201358 season of the \u0130stanbul Football League, Be\u015fikta\u015f finished 4th.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 54], "content_span": [55, 132]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075456-0002-0000", "contents": "1957\u201358 Be\u015fikta\u015f J.K. season, Turkish Federation Cup\nBe\u015fikta\u015f competed in the Federation Cup for a second time. The professional national league at the time.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 52], "content_span": [53, 157]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075457-0000-0000", "contents": "1957\u201358 Birmingham City F.C. season\nThe 1957\u201358 Football League season was Birmingham City Football Club's 55th in the Football League and their 31st in the First Division. They finished in 13th position in the 22-team division. They entered the 1957\u201358 FA Cup at the third round proper and lost in that round to York City. In the inaugural edition of the Inter-Cities Fairs Cup, Birmingham lost in the semi-final in a play-off, having drawn on aggregate score with Barcelona.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [35, 35], "content_span": [36, 476]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075457-0001-0000", "contents": "1957\u201358 Birmingham City F.C. season\nIn February 1958, Pat Beasley joined the club. Beasley had believed he was coming as assistant to manager Arthur Turner, but chairman Harry Morris announced to the press that he was to be appointed joint manager. Turner, who found about this arrangement not from the club but from the press, threatened to resign. He was persuaded to stay \"for the time being\", but finally left early in the 1958\u201359 season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [35, 35], "content_span": [36, 442]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075457-0002-0000", "contents": "1957\u201358 Birmingham City F.C. season\nTwenty-four players made at least one appearance in nationally or internationally organised first-team competition, and there were twelve different goalscorers. Half back Dick Neal played in 44 of the 46 first-team matches over the season, and Peter Murphy finished as leading goalscorer with 23 goals in all competitions, of which 20 were scored in the league.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [35, 35], "content_span": [36, 397]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075457-0003-0000", "contents": "1957\u201358 Birmingham City F.C. season, Inter-Cities Fairs Cup\nThe group stage of the inaugural edition of the Inter-Cities Fairs Cup was completed during the 1956\u201357 playing season. The score at half time in the first leg of the semi-final, at St Andrew's, was 3\u20133, and Peter Murphy scored the winner after an hour. In the away leg, in the recently opened Camp Nou, El Mundo Deportivo expected a comfortable victory for the hosts, but the result was rather less clear-cut. The only goal of the game was scored after 82 minutes by Kubala, who saw Gil Merrick off his line and neatly lobbed him.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 59], "content_span": [60, 591]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075457-0003-0001", "contents": "1957\u201358 Birmingham City F.C. season, Inter-Cities Fairs Cup\nWith no away goals rule, the game went into 30 minutes of extra time, which remained goalless, so a replay was to be played on a neutral ground. Controversy arose when Birmingham were prevented from substituting the injured Bunny Larkin, contrary to what they believed had been agreed before the match; Barcelona manager Dom\u00e8nec Balmanya claimed the agreement allowed for two substitutes, but outfield players could only be replaced in the first half.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 59], "content_span": [60, 511]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075457-0003-0002", "contents": "1957\u201358 Birmingham City F.C. season, Inter-Cities Fairs Cup\nAsked what he thought of Barcelona, Birmingham trainer Dave Fairhurst said he thought they played better in the first leg, where they concentrated on playing; here, they spent too much time complaining. Balmanya's opinion of Birmingham had not changed since the first leg: he saw them as a physical team with crude technique, too concerned with the opponent to think much about the ball.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 59], "content_span": [60, 447]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075457-0004-0000", "contents": "1957\u201358 Birmingham City F.C. season, Inter-Cities Fairs Cup\nEl Mundo Deportivo was more complimentary about Birmingham's style of play in the replay. While they had come to Barcelona to avoid losing, and nearly succeeded, they went to St. Jakob-Park, in Basel, Switzerland, to win, and to be worthy of the victory. It also suggested that the playing surface\u00a0\u2013 rough, and covered with long wet grass\u00a0\u2013 was better suited to an open, long-ball game than to precise passing and close marking. Barcelona scored first through Evaristo, Murphy equalised early in the second half, then with seven minutes left, Su\u00e1rez picked up the ball in midfield and passed to Kubala who drew Merrick out of his goal and gave him no chance with his shot.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 59], "content_span": [60, 732]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075458-0000-0000", "contents": "1957\u201358 Blackpool F.C. season\nThe 1957\u201358 season was Blackpool F.C. 's 50th season (47th consecutive) in the Football League. They competed in the 22-team Division One, then the top tier of English football, finishing seventh.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [29, 29], "content_span": [30, 226]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075458-0001-0000", "contents": "1957\u201358 Blackpool F.C. season\nThis was Joe Smith's 23rd and final season as Blackpool manager.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [29, 29], "content_span": [30, 94]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075458-0002-0000", "contents": "1957\u201358 Blackpool F.C. season\nJackie Mudie was the club's top scorer for the third consecutive season; this time, however, he shared the accolade with Bill Perry, who matched his eighteen goals.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [29, 29], "content_span": [30, 194]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075459-0000-0000", "contents": "1957\u201358 Boston Bruins season\nThe 1957\u201358 Boston Bruins season saw the Bruins finish in fourth place in the National Hockey League (NHL) with a record of 27 wins, 28 losses, and 15 ties for 69 points. They defeated the New York Rangers in six games in the Semi-finals before losing the Stanley Cup Finals, also in six games, to the Montreal Canadiens.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [28, 28], "content_span": [29, 350]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075459-0001-0000", "contents": "1957\u201358 Boston Bruins season, Regular season, Willie O'Ree\nMidway through his second minor-league season with the Quebec Aces, O'Ree was called up to the Boston Bruins of the NHL to replace an injured player. O'Ree made his NHL debut with the Bruins on January 18, 1958, against the Montreal Canadiens, becoming the first black player in league history. He played in only two games that year.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 58], "content_span": [59, 392]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075459-0002-0000", "contents": "1957\u201358 Boston Bruins season, Playoffs\nBoston defeated the New York Rangers (4\u20132) in the semi-final to advance to the Cup Final against the Montreal Canadiens. The Canadiens, in the middle of their five-year Cup champion run, defeated the Bruins four games to two.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 38], "content_span": [39, 264]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075460-0000-0000", "contents": "1957\u201358 Boston Celtics season\nThe 1957\u201358 Boston Celtics season was the 12th season for the Celtics in the NBA. The Celtics made their second consecutive NBA Finals appearance, but were unable to defend their title, losing in a rematch of the Finals of the previous year to the St. Louis Hawks in six games.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [29, 29], "content_span": [30, 307]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075461-0000-0000", "contents": "1957\u201358 Botola\nThe 1957-58 Botola is 2nd season of the Moroccan Premier League. Kawkab Marrakech are the holders of the title.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [14, 14], "content_span": [15, 126]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075462-0000-0000", "contents": "1957\u201358 Bradford City A.F.C. season\nThe 1957\u201358 Bradford City A.F.C. season was the 45th in the club's history.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [35, 35], "content_span": [36, 111]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075462-0001-0000", "contents": "1957\u201358 Bradford City A.F.C. season\nThe club finished 3rd in Division Three North, and reached the 3rd round of the FA Cup.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [35, 35], "content_span": [36, 123]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075463-0000-0000", "contents": "1957\u201358 Brentford F.C. season\nDuring the 1957\u201358 English football season, Brentford competed in the Football League Third Division South. The Bees finished as runners-up to Brighton & Hove Albion and narrowly missed out on promotion to the Second Division.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [29, 29], "content_span": [30, 256]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075463-0001-0000", "contents": "1957\u201358 Brentford F.C. season, Season summary\nAfter the departure of Bill Dodgin Sr, Brentford recruited Kilmarnock manager Malky MacDonald for their vacant managerial position in May 1957. MacDonald was no stranger to Griffin Park, having spent just under three years as a player-coach with the Bees between 1946 and 1949. First on MacDonald's list of priorities was to ensure that Brentford finished in the top half of the Third Division South table, to avoid becoming founder members of the new Fourth Division in the following season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 45], "content_span": [46, 538]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075463-0001-0001", "contents": "1957\u201358 Brentford F.C. season, Season summary\nAgeing and injury-ravaged players Sid Tickridge, Wally Bragg and Frank Dudley were released, while Jeff Taylor, the club's second-leading scorer in each of the previous two seasons, elected to retire and pursue a career in opera. MacDonald recruited former Brentford player Fred Monk as trainer and made just one signing of note, full back Tom Wilson from Fulham, whom he named captain. Ken Horne, Ian Dargie and Johnny Rainford (three players who had seen their playing time reduced under previous manager Dodgin) would be regulars again under MacDonald during the season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 45], "content_span": [46, 619]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075463-0002-0000", "contents": "1957\u201358 Brentford F.C. season, Season summary\nAfter a mixed start to the season, an unbeaten run of six wins in eight matches in October and November elevated Brentford to 2nd place on 23 November 1957. The run included a new club record of seven consecutive clean sheets. Forwards Jim Towers and George Francis were in prolific form and had scored 24 of the Bees' 37 league goals at that point of the season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 45], "content_span": [46, 409]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075463-0002-0001", "contents": "1957\u201358 Brentford F.C. season, Season summary\nAfter a dip around the turn of the year, Brentford clawed their way back to the higher reaches of the Third Division South table and won six matches in a row in March and early April to move up to 4th. A 1\u20130 defeat to Torquay United on 7 April put Brentford four points behind leaders Brighton & Hove Albion, with the Bees having played one game more. The damage of draws in the following two matches (versus Southampton and a showdown with Brighton & Hove Albion) was lessened by fellow challengers Plymouth Argyle, Swindon Town and Reading all dropping points.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 45], "content_span": [46, 608]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075463-0003-0000", "contents": "1957\u201358 Brentford F.C. season, Season summary\nThe Bees, spurred on by six goals from Jim Towers, won their final three matches of the season versus Reading, Port Vale and leaders Brighton & Hove Albion. The victory over Brighton put Brentford top on 58 points, ahead of Plymouth Argyle and Brighton on goal average. Brighton could still win the title by virtue of their game in hand, which would come versus Watford two days later, whom they had beaten 1\u20130 at Vicarage Road two days before their match at Griffin Park.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 45], "content_span": [46, 518]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075463-0003-0001", "contents": "1957\u201358 Brentford F.C. season, Season summary\nBrighton emphatically beat Watford 6\u20130 in their final match to win promotion to the Second Division, but the manner of their victories over Watford raised concern and the referee of the first meeting between the clubs wrote to the Football League outlining his suspicions. It wasn't until October 1960 that former Brighton & Hove Albion wing half Glen Wilson revealed to the Daily Mail that some of the Watford players had agreed to \"lie down\" in exchange for money. Looking back in 2010, Brentford full back Ken Horne summarised the situation:", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 45], "content_span": [46, 590]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075463-0004-0000", "contents": "1957\u201358 Brentford F.C. season, Season summary\nJimmy Bowie, a betting man, went to Watford and said (so he claimed) we can offer you money to go out and beat Brighton for us. Jimmy named his price and got told \u2013 \"We get more than that for losing to Brighton\". There was a lot of trouble after that match with the Watford captain. There was a lad making his debut for Brighton and Meadows, who was captain of Watford and who Jimmy had spoken to, was marking him. This lad was making his debut and scored five goals...in the first half.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 45], "content_span": [46, 533]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075464-0000-0000", "contents": "1957\u201358 British Home Championship\nThe 1957\u201358 British Home Championship was a football tournament played between the British Home Nations during the 1957\u201358 season. The competition was marred by the Munich air disaster on 6 February 1958, when an aircraft carrying the Manchester United football team home from a European Cup match in Belgrade crashed at the Munich-Riem airport on take-off. Eight players and fifteen other people, including an array of senior coaches, officials and sports journalists, were killed and another nineteen seriously injured.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [33, 33], "content_span": [34, 555]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075464-0000-0001", "contents": "1957\u201358 British Home Championship\nThree of the dead, Roger Byrne, Tommy Taylor and Duncan Edwards were experienced England team members while Jackie Blanchflower, an Ireland international, was left permanently disabled. Several other international footballers were also injured more or less severely. This tragedy rather subdued the tournament culmination two months later, although the England team did secure a cathartic 4\u20130 victory in Glasgow over the Scots with one of the goals coming from Bobby Charlton, who had been injured in the Munich crash.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [33, 33], "content_span": [34, 552]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075464-0001-0000", "contents": "1957\u201358 British Home Championship\nThe tournament itself was shared by England and Ireland after weak performances by Scotland and Wales in their games. While Scotland and Ireland played out a 1\u20131 draw in their opener, England began well, beating the Welsh 4\u20130 in Cardiff. The second round of matches however changed the tournament's direction as Ireland beat England in London in a surprising overturn of form. The match was very close, the Irish only winning 3\u20132, one of the English goals coming from Duncan Edwards. Scotland and Wales meanwhile were both unable to take advantage of England's discomfort, drawing 1\u20131.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [33, 33], "content_span": [34, 619]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075464-0001-0001", "contents": "1957\u201358 British Home Championship\nBefore the final matches, the season was permanently disfigured by the Munich disaster. Wales and Ireland again struggled to a 1\u20131 draw, denying the Irish a rare undisputed title while England, with a team containing several young and inexperienced players, achieved an impressive 4\u20130 victory over the Scots in Glasgow to take their share of the tournament.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [33, 33], "content_span": [34, 391]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075464-0002-0000", "contents": "1957\u201358 British Home Championship\nThe competition was also intended to have been a good indicator of form going into the 1958 FIFA World Cup in Sweden, which all four Home Nations had reached through separate qualifying groups. The disaster however made the tournament a poor indicator and so it proved, England and Scotland unable to progress from the group stage, England still suffering from the loss of so many key players. Wales and Northern Ireland progressed from their groups in impressive form but were unable to sustain their momentum, Wales going down to a Pel\u00e9 goal in a hard fought match to eventual winners Brazil, while the Irish lost 4\u20130 in the Quarter-Final to the France of Just Fontaine.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [33, 33], "content_span": [34, 706]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075465-0000-0000", "contents": "1957\u201358 British National League season\nThe 1957\u201358 British National League season was the fourth season of the British National League (1954\u20131960). Five teams participated in the league, and the Brighton Tigers won the championship.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [38, 38], "content_span": [39, 232]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075466-0000-0000", "contents": "1957\u201358 Bulgarian Hockey League season\nThe 1957\u201358 Bulgarian Hockey League season was the sixth season of the Bulgarian Hockey League, the top level of ice hockey in Bulgaria. Nine teams participated in the league, and Cerveno Zname Sofia won the championship.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [38, 38], "content_span": [39, 260]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075467-0000-0000", "contents": "1957\u201358 Cardiff City F.C. season\nThe 1957\u201358 season was Cardiff City F.C. 's 31st season in the Football League. They competed in the 22-team Division Two, then the second tier of English football, finishing fifteenth.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [32, 32], "content_span": [33, 218]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075467-0001-0000", "contents": "1957\u201358 Cardiff City F.C. season, Players\nNote: Flags indicate national team as defined under FIFA eligibility rules. Players may hold more than one non-FIFA nationality.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 41], "content_span": [42, 170]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075468-0000-0000", "contents": "1957\u201358 Carlisle United F.C. season\nFor the 1957\u201358 season, Carlisle United F.C. competed in Football League Third Division North.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [35, 35], "content_span": [36, 130]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075469-0000-0000", "contents": "1957\u201358 Celtic F.C. season\nDuring the 1957\u201358 Scottish football season, Celtic competed in Scottish Division One.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [26, 26], "content_span": [27, 113]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075470-0000-0000", "contents": "1957\u201358 Challenge Cup\nThe 1957\u201358 Challenge Cup was the 57th staging of rugby league's oldest knockout competition, the Challenge Cup.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [21, 21], "content_span": [22, 134]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075470-0001-0000", "contents": "1957\u201358 Challenge Cup\nThe final was contested by Wigan and Workington Town at Wembley Stadium in London.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [21, 21], "content_span": [22, 104]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075470-0002-0000", "contents": "1957\u201358 Challenge Cup\nThe final was played on Saturday 10 May 1958, where Wigan beat Workington 13\u20139 in front of a crowd of 66,109.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [21, 21], "content_span": [22, 131]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075470-0003-0000", "contents": "1957\u201358 Challenge Cup\nThe Lance Todd Trophy was awarded to Wigan scrum-half Rees Thomas.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [21, 21], "content_span": [22, 88]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075471-0000-0000", "contents": "1957\u201358 Chester F.C. season\nThe 1957\u201358 season was the 20th season of competitive association football in the Football League played by Chester, an English club based in Chester, Cheshire.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [27, 27], "content_span": [28, 188]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075471-0001-0000", "contents": "1957\u201358 Chester F.C. season\nIt was 20th and the last season spent in the Third Division North as at the end of the season Third Division sections were merged into nationwide Third and Fourth divisions. As Chester finished in the bottom half of the table, the club was transferred to the Fourth Division. Alongside competing in the Football League, the club also participated in the FA Cup and the Welsh Cup.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [27, 27], "content_span": [28, 407]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075472-0000-0000", "contents": "1957\u201358 Chicago Black Hawks season\nThe 1957\u201358 Chicago Black Hawks season was the team's 32nd season in the NHL, and the club was coming off their fourth consecutive last place finish in the league in 1956\u201357, as they had a 16\u201339\u201315 record, earning 47 points. The struggling Black Hawks had finished in last nine times in the past eleven seasons, and only one playoff appearance since 1946.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [34, 34], "content_span": [35, 390]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075472-0001-0000", "contents": "1957\u201358 Chicago Black Hawks season\nDuring the off-season, the Black Hawks and Detroit Red Wings made a blockbuster trade, as Chicago traded Hank Bassen, Johnny Wilson, Bill Preston, and Forbes Kennedy to the Red Wings for Glenn Hall and Ted Lindsay. Hall had won the Calder Memorial Trophy in 1956, while Lindsay was a key member of the Red Wings Stanley Cup championships in 1950, 1952, 1954, and 1955. Chicago also signed 18-year-old Bobby Hull, who had spent the past two seasons with the St. Catharines Teepees of the OHA.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [34, 34], "content_span": [35, 526]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075472-0002-0000", "contents": "1957\u201358 Chicago Black Hawks season\nChicago got off to a good start, playing over .500 hockey thirteen games into the season, as they had a 6\u20135\u20133 record, however, the club fell into a slump, going 4\u201312\u20133 in their next 19 games, falling out of the playoff race. Tommy Ivan decided to step down from head coaching duties, as he hired former Teepees head coach Rudy Pilous to take over the team.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [34, 34], "content_span": [35, 391]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075472-0002-0001", "contents": "1957\u201358 Chicago Black Hawks season\nThe Hawks responded, playing .500 hockey in Pilous' first 18 games behind the bench to get back into the playoff race, however, a seven-game losing streak soon followed, and the team fell out of playoff contention for good. The Hawks finished the year 24\u201339\u20137, earning 55 points, their highest total since 1952\u201353, and did not finish in last place for the first time since 1953, as they had two more points than the Toronto Maple Leafs.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [34, 34], "content_span": [35, 471]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075472-0003-0000", "contents": "1957\u201358 Chicago Black Hawks season\nOffensively, Chicago was led by Ed Litzenberger, who led the club in goals with 32, while adding 30 assists for 62 points. Rookie Bobby Hull scored 13 goals and 47 points, as he finishing second to Frank Mahovlich of the Toronto Maple Leafs for the Calder Memorial Trophy. Ted Lindsay recorded 15 goals and 39 points in his first season with the team, which was a 46-point dropoff from the previous season. Lindsay also had a club high 110 penalty minutes. Pierre Pilote led the defense, scoring 6 goals and 30 points, while fellow blueliner Moose Vasko scored 6 goals and 26 points.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [34, 34], "content_span": [35, 618]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075472-0004-0000", "contents": "1957\u201358 Chicago Black Hawks season\nIn goal, Glenn Hall had all the playing time, winning 24 games, while posting a 2.86 GAA, and earning 7 shutouts.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [34, 34], "content_span": [35, 148]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075473-0000-0000", "contents": "1957\u201358 Cincinnati Royals season\nThe 1957\u201358 season was the Royals first season in Cincinnati, following its relocation from Rochester during the offseason. Interest in the team was created by a draft deal that brought Lakers All-Star Clyde Lovellette to the team. The team then lured guard George King, the former Syracuse starter back from college coaching. Both additions added talent and veteran leadership to a still young squad.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [32, 32], "content_span": [33, 434]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075473-0001-0000", "contents": "1957\u201358 Cincinnati Royals season\nThe roster included star shooter Jack Twyman, Dick Ricketts (who also pitched in the major leagues), and star swing man Tom Marshall. In their first year in Cincinnati, the Royals ended a two-year playoff drought by finishing in third place after tie-breakers in the NBA's West Division. The Royals finished with a record of 33\u201339. One of the team leaders was Maurice Stokes, who finished second in rebounding with 18.1 rebounds per game. The 6'8 240-pound Stokes, arguably the NBA's first black superstar, also amazed by rating third in the NBA in assists.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [32, 32], "content_span": [33, 590]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075473-0002-0000", "contents": "1957\u201358 Cincinnati Royals season\nLovellette was fourth in the NBA in scoring, while Twyman led the NBA in shooting accuracy. The entire frontline of Stokes, Lovellette and Twyman were named NBA All-Stars that first season. The team had the makings of a real contender, but the backcourt was debilitated by injuries to Marhsall and King, plus promising Si Green and Johnny McCarthy had been lost to mandatory military service. The team's first-year promise took a tragic turn in mid-March.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [32, 32], "content_span": [33, 488]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075473-0002-0001", "contents": "1957\u201358 Cincinnati Royals season\nIn the final game of the regular season, played on March 12, Stokes suffered an injury when his head hit the hardwood floor in a game versus the Minneapolis Lakers. Despite being knocked unconscious, Stokes would play in the playoffs against the Detroit Pistons. On the flight home after losing to the Pistons, Stokes suddenly fell ill and was rushed to the hospital upon landing. As the Pistons swept the Royals, Stokes lapsed into a coma. It was revealed that Stokes suffered encephalopathy, a traumatic brain injury that damaged his motor control center.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [32, 32], "content_span": [33, 590]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075473-0002-0002", "contents": "1957\u201358 Cincinnati Royals season\nThe injury would leave Maurice Stokes as a quadriplegic without the ability to speak. Teammate Jack Twyman would serve as Stokes legal guardian until his death in 1970. The Stokes tragedy would ultimately decimate the team, with six other players not returning for next season. The team was also suddenly sold to local Cincinnati buyers, and coach Bobby Wanzer would also later be replaced. This first year, therefore, stands out from all the Cincinnati teams.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [32, 32], "content_span": [33, 493]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075473-0003-0000", "contents": "1957\u201358 Cincinnati Royals season, Draft picks\nThe Royals made the deal of the NBA draft with the first overall pick. They selected high-touted Rod Hundley, and then sent him along with two reserves to the Lakers for All-Star Clyde Lovellette and solid reserve Jim Paxson, who had been a college star at nearby Dayton. The Royals then tried to shore up their backcourt with selections Dick Duckett( 2 ), Gerry Paulson( 3 ),John Maglio ( 6 ) and Chet Forte ( 7 ). Forte was later the Director of ABC's Monday Night Football. As the season ended, local stars Oscar Robertson and Jerry Lucas were tabbed as territorial draft picks. Each would be selected by the team after the college senior seasons.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 45], "content_span": [46, 696]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075473-0004-0000", "contents": "1957\u201358 Cincinnati Royals season, Regular season, Schedule\nThe first Cincinnati Royals game ever was a home game against Syracuse, 26 October 1957, a 110\u2013100 win behind local star Jack Twyman. The team opened to good crowds with home games in their first ten. Nov 7\u20137, Dec 5\u201313 with injuries and extra road games, January 11\u20135, Feb 4\u201312 with a season-ending injury to Marshall, March 5\u20132, plus two playoff losses to Detroit, due to the permanent loss of Stokes.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 58], "content_span": [59, 461]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075474-0000-0000", "contents": "1957\u201358 Colchester United F.C. season\nThe 1957\u201358 season was Colchester United's 16th season in their history and their eighth season in the Third Division South, the third tier of English football. Alongside competing in the Third Division South, the club also participated in the FA Cup. They were eliminated at the first round stage of the cup for the fifth successive season, on this occasion to non-league side Wisbech Town. In the league, with the division being restructured at the end of the season, Colchester managed to finish in the top half of the table by three points to avoid a move to the newly formed Fourth Division, instead remaining in the third tier.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [37, 37], "content_span": [38, 671]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075474-0001-0000", "contents": "1957\u201358 Colchester United F.C. season, Season overview\nWith Football League reorganisation looming at the end of the season, Colchester's priority for the 1957\u201358 season was to finish in the top half of the table to join the top half of the Third Division North to form the new nationwide Third Division. The other teams would form the Fourth Division.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [39, 54], "content_span": [55, 352]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075474-0002-0000", "contents": "1957\u201358 Colchester United F.C. season, Season overview\nDuring the campaign, Benny Fenton's squad suffered from numerous call-ups for national service, and as such Fenton brought in reinforcements in November with Neil Langman arriving from Plymouth Argyle for \u00a36,750 and John Evans for \u00a34,000 from Liverpool. Meanwhile, Birmingham City offered Colchester \u00a310,000 for winger Peter Wright, but he opted to remain as a part-time player.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [39, 54], "content_span": [55, 433]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075474-0003-0000", "contents": "1957\u201358 Colchester United F.C. season, Season overview\nColchester secured their place in the third tier for another season in the final game of the season when they beat Southampton 4\u20132 at Layer Road.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [39, 54], "content_span": [55, 200]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075474-0004-0000", "contents": "1957\u201358 Colchester United F.C. season, Squad statistics, Player debuts\nPlayers making their first-team Colchester United debut in a fully competitive match.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [39, 70], "content_span": [71, 156]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075475-0000-0000", "contents": "1957\u201358 Connecticut Huskies men's basketball team\nThe 1957\u201358 Connecticut Huskies men's basketball team represented the University of Connecticut in the 1957\u201358 collegiate men's basketball season. The Huskies completed the season with a 17\u201310 overall record. The Huskies were members of the Yankee Conference, where they ended the season with a 9\u20131 record. They were the Yankee Conference regular season champions and made it to the first round in the 1958 NCAA Men's Division I Basketball Tournament. The Huskies played their home games at Hugh S. Greer Field House in Storrs, Connecticut, and were led by twelve-year head coach Hugh Greer.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 49], "section_span": [49, 49], "content_span": [50, 641]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075476-0000-0000", "contents": "1957\u201358 Copa M\u00e9xico\nThe Copa M\u00e9xico 1957\u201358 was the 41st edition of the Copa M\u00e9xico and the 15th staging in the professional era.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [19, 19], "content_span": [20, 129]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075476-0001-0000", "contents": "1957\u201358 Copa M\u00e9xico\nThe competition started on March 2, 1958, and concluded on April 15, 1958, with the replay of the Final, held at the Estadio Ol\u00edmpico de la Ciudad de los Deportes in Mexico City, in which Le\u00f3n defeated Zacatepec 5\u20132.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [19, 19], "content_span": [20, 236]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075477-0000-0000", "contents": "1957\u201358 Coupe de France\nThe Coupe de France's results of the 1957\u201358 season. Stade de Reims won the final played on May 18, 1958, beating N\u00eemes Olympique.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [23, 23], "content_span": [24, 154]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075478-0000-0000", "contents": "1957\u201358 Cupa Rom\u00e2niei\nThe 1957\u201358 Cupa Rom\u00e2niei was the 20th edition of Romania's most prestigious football cup competition.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [21, 21], "content_span": [22, 124]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075478-0001-0000", "contents": "1957\u201358 Cupa Rom\u00e2niei\nThe title was won by \u015etiin\u0163a Timi\u015foara against Progresul Bucure\u0219ti.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [21, 21], "content_span": [22, 89]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075478-0002-0000", "contents": "1957\u201358 Cupa Rom\u00e2niei, Format\nIn the first round proper, two pots were made, first pot with Divizia A teams and other teams till 16 and the second pot with the rest of teams qualified in this phase. Each tie is played as a single leg.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [23, 29], "content_span": [30, 234]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075478-0003-0000", "contents": "1957\u201358 Cupa Rom\u00e2niei, Format\nIt is the first season in the history of Cupa Rom\u00e2niei when all the games are played on a neutral location.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [23, 29], "content_span": [30, 137]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075478-0004-0000", "contents": "1957\u201358 Cupa Rom\u00e2niei, Format\nIf a match is drawn after 90 minutes, the game goes in extra time, and if the scored is still tight after 120 minutes, then a replay will be played.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [23, 29], "content_span": [30, 178]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075478-0005-0000", "contents": "1957\u201358 Cupa Rom\u00e2niei, Format\nFrom the first edition, the teams from Divizia A entered in competition in sixteen finals, rule which remained till today.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [23, 29], "content_span": [30, 152]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075479-0000-0000", "contents": "1957\u201358 Cypriot First Division\nStatistics of the Cypriot First Division for the 1957\u201358 season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [30, 30], "content_span": [31, 95]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075479-0001-0000", "contents": "1957\u201358 Cypriot First Division, Overview\nIt was contested by 10 teams, and Anorthosis Famagusta FC won the championship. Also Apollon Limassol made their debut as a team.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 40], "content_span": [41, 170]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075480-0000-0000", "contents": "1957\u201358 Cypriot Second Division\nThe 1957\u201358 Cypriot Second Division was the 5th season of the Cypriot second-level football league. Orfeas Nicosia won their 1st title.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [31, 31], "content_span": [32, 167]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075480-0001-0000", "contents": "1957\u201358 Cypriot Second Division, Format\nNine teams participated in the 1956\u201357 Cypriot Second Division. The league was split to two geographical groups, depending from Districts of Cyprus each participated team came from. All teams of a group played against each other twice, once at their home and once away. The team with the most points at the end of the season crowned group champions. The winners of each group were playing against each other in the final phase of the competition and the winner were the champions of the Second Division. The champion was promoted to 1958\u201359 Cypriot First Division, but because was not held, the champions promoted to 1959\u201360 Cypriot First Division.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 39], "content_span": [40, 688]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075480-0002-0000", "contents": "1957\u201358 Cypriot Second Division, Format\nTeams received two points for a win, one point for a draw and zero points for a loss.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 39], "content_span": [40, 125]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075480-0003-0000", "contents": "1957\u201358 Cypriot Second Division, Champions Playoffs\nOrfeas Nicosia won twice Panellinios Limassol with 2\u20130 and 2\u20131. Orfeas Nicosia were the champions of the Second Division. Orfeas Nicosia promoted to Cypriot First Division.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 51], "content_span": [52, 224]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075481-0000-0000", "contents": "1957\u201358 Czechoslovak Extraliga season\nThe 1957\u201358 Czechoslovak Extraliga season was the 15th season of the Czechoslovak Extraliga, the top level of ice hockey in Czechoslovakia. 12 teams participated in the league, and Ruda Hvezda Brno won the championship.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [37, 37], "content_span": [38, 257]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075482-0000-0000", "contents": "1957\u201358 Czechoslovak First League, Overview\nIt was contested by 12 teams, and Dukla Prague won the championship. Miroslav Wiecek was the league's top scorer with 25 goals.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 43], "content_span": [44, 171]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075483-0000-0000", "contents": "1957\u201358 DDR-Oberliga (ice hockey) season\nThe 1957\u201358 DDR-Oberliga season was the tenth season of the DDR-Oberliga, the top level of ice hockey in East Germany. Six teams participated in the league, and SG Dynamo Wei\u00dfwasser won the championship.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [40, 40], "content_span": [41, 244]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075484-0000-0000", "contents": "1957\u201358 DFB-Pokal\nThe 1957\u201358 DFB-Pokal was the 15th season of the annual German football cup competition. It began on 25 June 1958 and ended on 11 November 1958. 4 teams competed in the tournament of two rounds. In the final VfB Stuttgart defeated Fortuna D\u00fcsseldorf 4\u20133 after extra time.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [17, 17], "content_span": [18, 289]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075485-0000-0000", "contents": "1957\u201358 Denver Pioneers men's ice hockey season\nThe 1957\u201358 Denver Pioneers men's ice hockey team represented University of Denver in college ice hockey. In its 2nd year under head coach Murray Armstrong the team compiled a 24\u201310\u20132 record and reached the NCAA tournament for the first time. The Pioneers defeated North Dakota 6\u20132 in the championship game at the Williams Arena in Minneapolis, Minnesota, the first national title not held at the Broadmoor Ice Palace. Denver became the first team to win its inaugural championship appearance since Michigan in 1948, the first time the tournament was held.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 47], "section_span": [47, 47], "content_span": [48, 604]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075485-0001-0000", "contents": "1957\u201358 Denver Pioneers men's ice hockey season, Season\nWhen Murray Armstrong Arrived in 1956, the fairly new program at Denver had been declining for several years. This trend continued in Armstrong's first season when the Pioneers posted a losing record for the first time since their inaugural campaign. During that year, however, Armstrong brought in 9 recruits from Canada who played on the Freshman team before hitting the ice with the varsity squad in 1957\u201358. Among those players were Murray Massier, Jim Brown and future NHL-er John MacMillan.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 47], "section_span": [49, 55], "content_span": [56, 552]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075485-0001-0001", "contents": "1957\u201358 Denver Pioneers men's ice hockey season, Season\nWith those three forwards leading the way on offense Denver jumped out to an impressive start with 2-win weekends over Toronto, Michigan, Michigan State and Michigan Tech. Only arch-rival Colorado College was able to dent their record early-on, winning once in the first of four home-and-home series for the season. Denver suffered its first home loss on New Year's Day against Minnesota but won the rematch two days later to remain high in the conference standings with an 8\u20132 record.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 47], "section_span": [49, 55], "content_span": [56, 541]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075485-0002-0000", "contents": "1957\u201358 Denver Pioneers men's ice hockey season, Season\nAfter taking three points in a series against the US National Team Denver split its second series with CC before welcoming a pair on non-conference teams. The Pioneers defeated the Flin Flon Bombers, a junior team from Manitoba, twice by a combined score of 14\u20132 then utterly dominated Rensselaer 20\u20133 in the first game of a 2-game sweep. At the end of January Denver hit the road for a compressed road trip where they would play Minnesota and North Dakota twice each in the span of a week. That scheduling quirk turned out very badly for the Pioneers who lost all four games and dropped back to the rest of the pack with a 9\u20137 record, though they still held on to first place.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 47], "section_span": [49, 55], "content_span": [56, 733]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075485-0003-0000", "contents": "1957\u201358 Denver Pioneers men's ice hockey season, Season\nThe Pioneers returned home to host two Canadian junior teams over a 10-day period, winning three times and tying once. During that two-week period Colorado College swept a series against North Dakota to jump up in the WIHL standings and claim a tie for the top spot with 14 points. That came just in time for the start to a four-game series between the two teams that could decide the second western qualifier for the NCAA Tournament. Each team would play two home games with CC winning the opening game at home 5\u20131.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 47], "section_span": [49, 55], "content_span": [56, 572]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075485-0003-0001", "contents": "1957\u201358 Denver Pioneers men's ice hockey season, Season\nBecause the teams were scheduled to play 8 times over the course of the season each game was worth only 1/2 point in the conference standings, meaning that Denver only had a possible 1-1/2 points possible remaining between the two teams and with little room for error the Pioneers rallied to take the next two games at home, winning 7\u20130 and 6\u20133. With the pioneers up by half a point the teams returned to Colorado Springs where, for the 8th time that season, the home team won. While Denver and CC were busy battling to no decisive effect, North Dakota had swept back-to-back weekends against Michigan State and Michigan Tech to put all three team in a tie for first in the WIHL.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 47], "section_span": [49, 55], "content_span": [56, 735]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075485-0004-0000", "contents": "1957\u201358 Denver Pioneers men's ice hockey season, Season\nEntering the final week of the season two of the three would be selected to play in the NCAA Tournament with 4th-place Minnesota too far behind to move up in the standings. While Denver was hosting North Dakota, Colorado College went on the road to face Minnesota. Denver took the first game against the Fighting Sioux while CC fell to the Golden Gophers 5\u20137.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 47], "section_span": [49, 55], "content_span": [56, 415]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075485-0004-0001", "contents": "1957\u201358 Denver Pioneers men's ice hockey season, Season\nEven with a 1-point advantage it was still possible for both other teams to pass Denver in the standings so when the Pioneers were defeated by North Dakota for only their second home loss of the season they slipped to the #2 spot because UND had won 3 of the four matches between the two on the season. CC, meanwhile, had dueled Minnesota to a 1-1 tie in regulation but the tigers had to have a victory if they wanted a chance to defend their national title. However it was the Gophers who were able to earn the overtime marker and end the Tigers' season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 47], "section_span": [49, 55], "content_span": [56, 611]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075485-0005-0000", "contents": "1957\u201358 Denver Pioneers men's ice hockey season, Season\nDenver went to Minnesota to play in their first national tournament, the first championship held outside of the state of Colorado. They were met in the first game by Tri-State League champion Clarkson who had limited opponents to 40 goals in their 18 games while averaging 4.5 goals per game. While Denver was making their national debut the 16-2 Golden Knights had finished 3rd in the previous tournament and were looking to build on an already stellar season. In the semifinal game, however, Clarkson was unable to hold back the Denver attack and surrendered 6 goals, the most they had allowed all season. Denver advanced to the title game to face North Dakota for the fifth time that season after the Fighting Sioux easily dispatched Harvard 9\u20131.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 47], "section_span": [49, 55], "content_span": [56, 805]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075485-0006-0000", "contents": "1957\u201358 Denver Pioneers men's ice hockey season, Season\nDespite the two teams' familiarity with one another the game started a bit slowly with UND's Ed Thomlinson scoring the only goal of the first period. It took more than seven minutes into the second before Denver was able to even the score at 1\u20131 but once they got onto the scoresheet the floodgates opened and the Pioneers scored twice more in less than four minutes. North Dakota regained their footing and held Denver back for the remainder of the period.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 47], "section_span": [49, 55], "content_span": [56, 513]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075485-0006-0001", "contents": "1957\u201358 Denver Pioneers men's ice hockey season, Season\nWith a 3\u20131 Denver advantage entering the third period the Pioneers pulled back and tried to protect their lead but just over five minutes in the lead was halved by Joe Poole who found himself open in front of the net. Murray Massier quickly responded with his 21st goal of the season to regain the 2-goal edge and while there was still plenty of time left the Massier marker appeared to sap the life out of the Fighting Sioux. While Denver only managed 5 shots in the final frame UND was limited to the same amount. To make matters worse North Dakota netminder Robert Peabody allowed three goals on those five shots to end the UND season on a whimper.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 47], "section_span": [49, 55], "content_span": [56, 707]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075485-0007-0000", "contents": "1957\u201358 Denver Pioneers men's ice hockey season, Season\nMassier was named tournament MOP and was joined by Jim Brown, Ed Zemrau and Rodney Schneck on the All-Tournament first team while Blair Livingstone, Barry Sharp and John MacMillan earned All-Tournament second team honors.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 47], "section_span": [49, 55], "content_span": [56, 277]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075485-0008-0000", "contents": "1957\u201358 Denver Pioneers men's ice hockey season, Season\nSenior Captain Ed Zemrau was the only Pioneer named to the AHCA All-American West Team and was named to the All-WIHL First Team while Massier made the WIHL second team.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 47], "section_span": [49, 55], "content_span": [56, 224]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075485-0009-0000", "contents": "1957\u201358 Denver Pioneers men's ice hockey season, Season\nBecause the WIHL would be dissolved that summer due to a dispute over recruiting practices, Denver's first WIHL title was the last that would ever be awarded. This also made the '58 Denver team the last WIHL squad to win a national championship.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 47], "section_span": [49, 55], "content_span": [56, 301]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075485-0010-0000", "contents": "1957\u201358 Denver Pioneers men's ice hockey season, Standings\nWhen teams met each other four times, one point was awarded for a win, one-half for a tie. When teams met eight times (Denver and CC), one-half point was awarded for a win, and one-fourth point for a tie.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 47], "section_span": [49, 58], "content_span": [59, 263]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075485-0011-0000", "contents": "1957\u201358 Denver Pioneers men's ice hockey season, Schedule\nConference games against Minnesota and North Dakota were only worth 1 point in the standings. Conference games against Colorado College were only worth 1/2 point in the standings.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 47], "section_span": [49, 57], "content_span": [58, 237]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075486-0000-0000", "contents": "1957\u201358 Detroit Pistons season\nThe 1957\u201358 NBA season was the Pistons' tenth season in the NBA and first season in the city of Detroit. The Pistons went 33\u201339 during the season, tied for second with the Cincinnati Royals, eight games behind the St. Louis Hawks, but were awarded the second seed on tie-breakers. They defeated the Royals in two straight games in the West Semifinal series, but lost the West Finals to the Hawks in five games.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [30, 30], "content_span": [31, 441]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075487-0000-0000", "contents": "1957\u201358 Detroit Red Wings season\nThe 1957\u201358 Detroit Red Wings season was the Red Wings' 32nd season. The season involved sending Ted Lindsay and Glenn Hall to the Chicago Black Hawks.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [32, 32], "content_span": [33, 184]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075487-0001-0000", "contents": "1957\u201358 Detroit Red Wings season, Player statistics, Playoffs\nNote: GP = Games played; G = Goals; A = Assists; Pts = Points; +/- = Plus-minus PIM = Penalty minutes; PPG = Power-play goals; SHG = Short-handed goals; GWG = Game-winning goals;\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0MIN = Minutes played; W = Wins; L = Losses; T = Ties; GA = Goals against; GAA = Goals-against average;  SO = Shutouts;", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 61], "content_span": [62, 364]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075488-0000-0000", "contents": "1957\u201358 Divizia A\nThe 1957\u201358 Divizia A was the fortieth season of Divizia A, the top-level football league of Romania.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [17, 17], "content_span": [18, 119]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075488-0001-0000", "contents": "1957\u201358 Divizia A, Champion squad\nGoalkeepers: Adalbert Marosi (1 / 0); Vasile Sfetcu (17 / 0); Constantin Roman (4 / 0). Defenders: Gheorghe Pahon\u021bu (19 / 0); Nicolae Marinescu (22 / 0); Nicolae Top\u0219a (19 / 0). Midfielders:  Gheorghe Florea (7 / 0); Alexandru Fronea (18 / 0); Daniel Peretz (5 / 0); Ion Neac\u0219u (21 / 4). Forwards: Ion Zaharia (22 / 12); Constantin Tabarcea (22 / 2); Mircea Dridea (11 / 4); Gheorghe Dumitrescu (17 / 8); Dumitru Munteanu (11 / 3); Gheorghe Marin (8 / 2); Pavel B\u0103dulescu-Bardatz (18 / 1). (league appearances and goals listed in brackets)", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 33], "content_span": [34, 573]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075489-0000-0000", "contents": "1957\u201358 Divizia B\nThe 1957\u201358 Divizia B was the 18th season of the second tier of the Romanian football league system.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [17, 17], "content_span": [18, 118]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075489-0001-0000", "contents": "1957\u201358 Divizia B\nThe format with two series has been maintained, both of them having 14 teams. At the end of the season the winners of the series promoted to Divizia A, the last two places from each series relegated to Divizia C. This was the first season played in the autumn-spring system, after seven seasons played in the spring-autumn system, a system imposed by the Soviet influence existing in the country.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [17, 17], "content_span": [18, 414]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075489-0002-0000", "contents": "1957\u201358 Divizia B, Team changes, Renamed teams\nMetalul Tractorul Ora\u0219ul Stalin was renamed as Tractorul Ora\u0219ul Stalin.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 46], "content_span": [47, 118]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075489-0003-0000", "contents": "1957\u201358 Divizia B, Team changes, Other teams\nFlamura Ro\u015fie Burdujeni was moved from Burdujeni to Suceava and merged with the local team forming a new club, Progresul Suceava.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 44], "content_span": [45, 174]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075490-0000-0000", "contents": "1957\u201358 Drexel Dragons men's basketball team\nThe 1957\u201358 Drexel Dragons men's basketball team represented Drexel Institute of Technology during the 1957\u201358 men's basketball season. The Dragons, led by 6th year head coach Samuel Cozen, played their home games at Sayre High School and were members of the College\u2013Southern division of the Middle Atlantic Conferences (MAC).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [44, 44], "content_span": [45, 371]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075491-0000-0000", "contents": "1957\u201358 Duke Blue Devils men's basketball team\nThe 1957\u201358 Duke Blue Devils men's basketball team represented Duke University in the 1957\u201358 NCAA Division I men's basketball season. The head coach was Harold Bradley and the team finished the season with an overall record of 18\u20137.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 46], "section_span": [46, 46], "content_span": [47, 280]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075492-0000-0000", "contents": "1957\u201358 Dumbarton F.C. season\nThe 1957\u201358 season was the 74th football season in which Dumbarton competed at a Scottish national level, entering the Scottish Football League, the Scottish Cup and the Scottish League Cup. In addition Dumbarton played in the Stirlingshire Cup.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [29, 29], "content_span": [30, 275]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075492-0001-0000", "contents": "1957\u201358 Dumbarton F.C. season, Scottish Second Division\nDumbarton were to challenge for promotion from Division 2 for most of the season, but a disastrous run in the final five games, where only three points were taken, was to prove to be conclusive and in the end a fourth-place finish was achieved with 44 points, 11 behind champions Stirling Albion.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 55], "content_span": [56, 352]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075492-0002-0000", "contents": "1957\u201358 Dumbarton F.C. season, Scottish League Cup\nOnly two wins were achieved in the 6 sectional games of the League Cup, but one of these was a 10\u20133 thumping of Stranraer.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 50], "content_span": [51, 173]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075492-0003-0000", "contents": "1957\u201358 Dumbarton F.C. season, Scottish Cup\nDumbarton received a tough first round draw in the Cup and lost out to eventual champions Clyde.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 43], "content_span": [44, 140]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075492-0004-0000", "contents": "1957\u201358 Dumbarton F.C. season, Stirlingshire Cup\nAlloa were to prove too strong for Dumbarton in the semi final of the county cup.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 48], "content_span": [49, 130]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075492-0005-0000", "contents": "1957\u201358 Dumbarton F.C. season, Dewar Shield\nAs the previous season's Stirlingshire champions, Dumbarton were drawn to meet the Aberdeenshire Cup holders, Buckie Thistle. As was the case four years earlier, Dumbarton withdrew.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 43], "content_span": [44, 225]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075492-0006-0000", "contents": "1957\u201358 Dumbarton F.C. season, Player statistics, Transfers\nAmongst those players joining and leaving the club were the following:", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 59], "content_span": [60, 130]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075493-0000-0000", "contents": "1957\u201358 Dundee F.C. season\nThe 1957\u201358 season was the fifty-sixth season in which Dundee competed at a Scottish national level, playing in Division One, where the club would finish in 11th place. Dundee would also compete in both the Scottish Cup and the Scottish League Cup. They would be knocked out in the group stage of the League Cup, and in the third round of the Scottish Cup by Aberdeen. The club would change their sock colours back to navy, cementing their iconic look for the next decade.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [26, 26], "content_span": [27, 499]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075494-0000-0000", "contents": "1957\u201358 Dundee United F.C. season\nThe 1957\u201358 season was the 50th year of football played by Dundee United, and covers the period from 1 July 1957 to 30 June 1958. United finished in ninth place in the Second Division.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [33, 33], "content_span": [34, 218]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075494-0001-0000", "contents": "1957\u201358 Dundee United F.C. season, Match results\nDundee United played a total of 44 competitive matches during the 1957\u201358 season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 48], "content_span": [49, 130]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075494-0002-0000", "contents": "1957\u201358 Dundee United F.C. season, Match results, Legend\nAll results are written with Dundee United's score first. Own goals in italics", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 56], "content_span": [57, 135]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075495-0000-0000", "contents": "1957\u201358 Eerste Divisie\nThe Dutch Eerste Divisie in the 1957\u201358 season was contested by 32 teams, divided in two groups. Willem II and SHS won the championship.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [22, 22], "content_span": [23, 159]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075496-0000-0000", "contents": "1957\u201358 Egyptian Premier League\nThe 1957\u201358 Egyptian Premier League, was the 8th season of the Egyptian Premier League, the top Egyptian professional league for association football clubs, since its establishment in 1948. The season started on 25 October 1957 and concluded on 23 May 1958, and it was the first time that the league table consists of two groups each of 8 clubs. Defending champions Al Ahly won their 8th consecutive and 8th overall Egyptian Premier League title in the club history.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [31, 31], "content_span": [32, 498]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075497-0000-0000", "contents": "1957\u201358 Eredivisie\nThe Dutch Eredivisie in the 1957\u201358 season was contested by 18 teams. At the end of the competition, Door Oefening Sterk (DOS) and SC Enschede shared the lead with 47 points. According to the rules, an extra match was required. It was played at a neutral field (De Goffert, Nijmegen) and Door Oefening Sterk won the championship by winning 1-0 after extra time.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 18], "section_span": [18, 18], "content_span": [19, 380]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075497-0001-0000", "contents": "1957\u201358 Eredivisie\nAnother play-off was held to determine which team had to relegate. Elinkwijk played GVAV at neutral terrain and won 2\u20131. Therefore, GVAV relegated.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 18], "section_span": [18, 18], "content_span": [19, 166]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075497-0002-0000", "contents": "1957\u201358 Eredivisie, Championship play-off\nDOS won the championship, and qualified for 1958\u201359 European Cup.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 18], "section_span": [20, 41], "content_span": [42, 107]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075498-0000-0000", "contents": "1957\u201358 European Cup\nThe 1957\u201358 European Cup was the third season of the European Cup, Europe's premier club football tournament. The competition was won by Real Madrid, who beat Milan 3\u20132 in the final, following a 2\u20132 draw after 90 minutes. This was Real Madrid's third European Cup title in a row. However, the 1957\u201358 season was marred by the air disaster in Munich, when eight Manchester United players lost their lives on their way home from Belgrade, after a 3\u20133 draw in the quarter-final second leg with Red Star Belgrade. The English champions were ultimately defeated in the semi-finals by the eventual runners-up, A.C. Milan of Italy.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [20, 20], "content_span": [21, 645]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075498-0001-0000", "contents": "1957\u201358 European Cup\nIt was the first time that teams from the Republic of Ireland, Northern Ireland and East Germany participated, while Turkey could not send any club, since the Turkish FA failed to register Be\u015fikta\u015f for the draw in time. Sevilla was invited despite having been runners-up in Spain the year before, as Spanish champions Real Madrid had already qualified as holders; the two Spanish sides met in the quarter-finals, the first time two sides from the same country played against each other in the competition.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [20, 20], "content_span": [21, 526]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075498-0002-0000", "contents": "1957\u201358 European Cup\nShamrock Rovers, Stade Dudelange, Wismut Karl Marx Stadt, Sevilla, Benfica, Vasas, Glenavon, Saint-\u00c9tienne, Young Boys, CCA Bucure\u0219ti, Royal Antwerp, Dukla Prague and Ajax made their debut appearances in the European Cup while Rapid Wien, AGF Aarhus and Real Madrid marked theirs third.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [20, 20], "content_span": [21, 307]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075498-0003-0000", "contents": "1957\u201358 European Cup, Preliminary round\nThe draw for the preliminary round took place at the headquarters of the French Football Federation in Paris on Tuesday, 23 July 1957. As title holders, Real Madrid received a bye, and the remaining 23 teams were grouped geographically into three pots. The first four teams drawn in each pot, and four more teams in pot 1, would play the preliminary round in September, while the remaining clubs received byes.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [22, 39], "content_span": [40, 450]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075498-0004-0000", "contents": "1957\u201358 European Cup, Preliminary round\nThe calendar was decided by the involved teams, with all matches to be played by 30 September.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [22, 39], "content_span": [40, 134]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075498-0005-0000", "contents": "1957\u201358 European Cup, Preliminary round\n1 SC Wismut Karl Marx Stadt qualified due to a coin toss, after their play-off against Gwardia Warsaw was abandoned after 100 minutes due to floodlight power failure with the result of 1\u20131.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [22, 39], "content_span": [40, 229]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075498-0006-0000", "contents": "1957\u201358 European Cup, Preliminary round\n2 To allow an evening kick-off at Dalymount Park in Dublin, which had no floodlights, the teams agreed to change over at half-time without a break. Consequently, the Irish part-timers ran out of steam and Manchester United's 1\u20130 half-time lead increased to 6\u20130. The second leg, played under lights at Old Trafford with the normal half-time break, produced a closer scoreline.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [22, 39], "content_span": [40, 415]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075498-0007-0000", "contents": "1957\u201358 European Cup, Preliminary round\n3 Milan beat Rapid Wien 4\u20132 in a play-off to qualify.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [22, 39], "content_span": [40, 93]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075498-0008-0000", "contents": "1957\u201358 European Cup, Preliminary round, Second leg\nGwardia Warsaw 4\u20134 SC Wismut Karl Marx Stadt on aggregate.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [22, 51], "content_span": [52, 110]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075498-0009-0000", "contents": "1957\u201358 European Cup, Preliminary round, Play-off\nWismut Karl Marx Stadt qualified due to a coin toss, after their play-off against Gwardia Warsaw was abandoned with the result of 1\u20131 after 100 minutes due to floodlight power failure.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [22, 49], "content_span": [50, 234]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075498-0010-0000", "contents": "1957\u201358 European Cup, First round\n1 Borussia Dortmund beat CCA Bucure\u0219ti 3\u20131 in a play-off to qualify for the quarter-finals.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [22, 33], "content_span": [34, 125]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075498-0011-0000", "contents": "1957\u201358 European Cup, Top scorers\nThe top scorers from the 1957\u201358 European Cup were as follows:", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [22, 33], "content_span": [34, 96]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075499-0000-0000", "contents": "1957\u201358 Everton F.C. season\nDuring the 1957\u201358 English football season, Everton F.C. competed in the Football League First Division.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [27, 27], "content_span": [28, 132]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075499-0001-0000", "contents": "1957\u201358 Everton F.C. season, Final League Table\nP = Matches played; W = Matches won; D = Matches drawn; L = Matches lost; F = Goals for; A = Goals against; GA = Goal average; GD = Goal difference; Pts = Points", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 47], "content_span": [48, 209]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075500-0000-0000", "contents": "1957\u201358 FA Cup\nThe 1957\u201358 FA Cup  was the 77th staging of the world's oldest football cup competition, the Football Association Challenge Cup, commonly known as the FA Cup. Bolton Wanderers won the competition for the fourth time, beating Manchester United 2\u20130 in the final at Wembley. The competition is notable for the exploits of Manchester United following the loss of much of their team in the Munich air disaster on 6 February 1958. They came through three rounds following the accident, before being beaten by Bolton in the final.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [14, 14], "content_span": [15, 538]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075500-0001-0000", "contents": "1957\u201358 FA Cup\nMatches were scheduled to be played at the stadium of the team named first on the date specified for each round, which was always a Saturday. Some matches, however, might be rescheduled for other days if there were clashes with games for other competitions or the weather was inclement. If scores were level after 90 minutes had been played, a replay would take place at the stadium of the second-named team later the same week. If the replayed match was drawn further replays would be held until a winner was determined. If scores were level after 90 minutes had been played in a replay, a 30-minute period of extra time would be played.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [14, 14], "content_span": [15, 653]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075500-0002-0000", "contents": "1957\u201358 FA Cup, First round proper\nAt this stage all the clubs from the Football League Third Division North and South joined 30 non-league clubs having come through the qualifying rounds. To complete this round, Bishop Auckland and Wycombe Wanderers given byes. Matches were scheduled to be played on Saturday, 16 November 1957. Five were drawn and went to replays, with one of these going to a second replay.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [16, 34], "content_span": [35, 410]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075500-0003-0000", "contents": "1957\u201358 FA Cup, Second round proper\nThe matches were scheduled for Saturday, 7 December 1957. Seven matches were drawn, with replays taking place later the same week.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [16, 35], "content_span": [36, 166]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075500-0004-0000", "contents": "1957\u201358 FA Cup, Third round proper\nThe 44 First and Second Division clubs entered the competition at this stage. The matches were scheduled for Saturday, 4 January 1958, although the York City\u2013Birmingham City match was postponed until the following midweek fixture. Six matches were drawn and went to replays, with one of these requiring a second replay.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [16, 34], "content_span": [35, 354]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075500-0005-0000", "contents": "1957\u201358 FA Cup, Fourth round proper\nThe matches were scheduled for Saturday, 25 January 1958, with two matches taking place on later dates. Five matches were drawn and went to replays, which were all played in the following midweek match.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [16, 35], "content_span": [36, 238]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075500-0006-0000", "contents": "1957\u201358 FA Cup, Fifth round proper\nThe matches were scheduled for Saturday, 15 February 1958. Two matches went to replays in the following mid-week fixture. This round is notable as containing Manchester United's first game following the Munich Air Disaster, which was postponed by four days due to the incident, with United struggling to put a team together to play. In a highly emotional game for both the players and the fans, United beat Sheffield Wednesday 3\u20130 to go through to the next round.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [16, 34], "content_span": [35, 498]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075500-0007-0000", "contents": "1957\u201358 FA Cup, Sixth round proper\nThe four quarter-final ties were scheduled to be played on Saturday, 1 March 1958. The West Bromwich Albion\u2013Manchester United game went to a replay before United went through.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [16, 34], "content_span": [35, 210]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075500-0008-0000", "contents": "1957\u201358 FA Cup, Semi-finals\nThe semi-final matches were played on Saturday, 22 March 1958, with the Manchester United\u2013Fulham match replaying on the 26th. Bolton Wanderers and Manchester United won their ties to meet in the final at Wembley.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [16, 27], "content_span": [28, 240]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075500-0009-0000", "contents": "1957\u201358 FA Cup, Final\nThe FA Cup final took place on 3 May 1958 at Wembley Stadium and was won by Bolton Wanderers, beating Manchester United 2\u20130. United had been decimated following the Munich Air Disaster, but still managed to come through three rounds of the cup following the incident before meeting Bolton in the final.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [16, 21], "content_span": [22, 324]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075501-0000-0000", "contents": "1957\u201358 FA Cup qualifying rounds\nThe FA Cup 1957\u201358 is the 77th season of the world's oldest football knockout competition; The Football Association Challenge Cup, or FA Cup for short. The large number of clubs entering the tournament from lower down the English football league system meant that the competition started with a number of preliminary and qualify]ing rounds. The 30 victorious teams from the Fourth Round Qualifying progressed to the First Round Proper.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [32, 32], "content_span": [33, 468]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075501-0001-0000", "contents": "1957\u201358 FA Cup qualifying rounds, 4th qualifying round\nThe teams that given byes to this round are Bedford Town, Peterborough United, Wigan Athletic, Burton Albion, Yeovil Town, Walthamstow Avenue, Weymouth, Rhyl, Hereford United, Blyth Spartans, Hastings United, Guildford City, Selby Town, Newport I O W, Boston United, Scarborough, Dorchester Town, Goole Town, South Shields, Tooting & Mitcham United, Billingham Synthonia, New Brighton, Bromsgrove Rovers and Margate.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 54], "content_span": [55, 471]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075501-0002-0000", "contents": "1957\u201358 FA Cup qualifying rounds, 1957\u201358 FA Cup\nSee 1957-58 FA Cup for details of the rounds from the First Round Proper onwards.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 48], "content_span": [49, 130]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075502-0000-0000", "contents": "1957\u201358 FC Basel season\nThe 1957\u201358 season was Fussball Club Basel 1893's 64th season in their existence. It was their twelfth consecutive season in the top flight of Swiss football after their promotion from the Nationalliga B the season 1945\u201346. They played their home games in the Landhof, in the Wettstein Quarter in Kleinbasel. Jules D\u00fcblin was the club's chairman for his twelfth successive period.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [23, 23], "content_span": [24, 404]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075502-0001-0000", "contents": "1957\u201358 FC Basel season, Overview\nThe Austrian ex-international footballer Rudi Strittich was hired as new team manager this season. He took over from B\u00e9la S\u00e1rosi who had moved on to Jahn Regensburg. Basel played a total of 42 games this season. Of these 42 matches 26 were in the domestic league, two were in the Swiss Cup and 14 were friendly matches. The friendly games resulted with seven victories and seven defeats. In total, including the test games and the cup competition, 17 games were won, six games were drawn and 19 games were lost. In their 42 games the team scored 107 goals and conceded 87.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 33], "content_span": [34, 606]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075502-0002-0000", "contents": "1957\u201358 FC Basel season, Overview\nFourteen teams contested the 1957\u201358 Nationalliga A, these were the top 12 teams from the previous season and the two newly promoted teams FC Biel-Bienne and FC Grenchen. The last two teams in the table at the end of the season were to be relegated. Basel won nine of their 26 games and drew six times and lost eleven times. They scored 59 goals and conceded 53. Basel ended the championship with 24 points in 9th position. They were 19 points behind Young Boys who were able to defend their championship title.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 33], "content_span": [34, 545]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075502-0002-0001", "contents": "1957\u201358 FC Basel season, Overview\nAt the end of the league table Urania Gen\u00e8ve Sport and FC Winterthur ended the season joint second last, each with 18 points, and therefore they had to play a relegation play-off. Urania won the play-off and therefore Winterthur suffered relegation together with FC Biel-Bienne who had finished in last position.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 33], "content_span": [34, 346]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075502-0003-0000", "contents": "1957\u201358 FC Basel season, Overview\nJosef H\u00fcgi was the Basel's top league goal scorer with 18 goals. He managed two hat-tricks during the league season, in the first game of the season on 25 August 1957 at home against Winterthur and in the last game of the season on 1 June 1958 at home against Biel-Bienne. Gottlieb St\u00e4uble was the team's second best goal scorer with nine goals, Rudolf Burger netted eight times and both Hermann Suter and Hans Weber netted seven times.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 33], "content_span": [34, 470]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075502-0004-0000", "contents": "1957\u201358 FC Basel season, Overview\nBasel joined the Swiss Cup in the third principal round. They were drawn at home at the Landhof against lower tier local team FC Oten on 2 November 1957. Hans Weber scored five goals during the second half of the game as Basel won 8\u20130. In the fourth round Basel were also drawn at home against lower tier FC Bern but here Basel were knocked out. Young Boys won the competition and thus completed the double.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 33], "content_span": [34, 441]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075502-0005-0000", "contents": "1957\u201358 FC Basel season, Players\nThe following is the list of the Basel first team squad during the season 1957\u201358. The list includes players that were in the squad on the day that the Nationalliga A season started on 25 August 1957 but subsequently left the club after that date.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 32], "content_span": [33, 280]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075502-0006-0000", "contents": "1957\u201358 FC Basel season, Players\nNote: Flags indicate national team as defined under FIFA eligibility rules. Players may hold more than one non-FIFA nationality.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 32], "content_span": [33, 161]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075502-0007-0000", "contents": "1957\u201358 FC Basel season, Players\nNote: Flags indicate national team as defined under FIFA eligibility rules. Players may hold more than one non-FIFA nationality.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 32], "content_span": [33, 161]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075503-0000-0000", "contents": "1957\u201358 FC Dinamo Bucure\u0219ti season\nThe 1957\u201358 season was Dinamo Bucure\u0219ti's ninth season in Divizia A. Because of the competitional system change to fall-spring, in the first half of 1957, Dinamo participated in the Spring Cup, competition where they finished third in the Second Group, and failed to qualify in the final stage. In the championship, Dinamo ended sixth, the worst result in the last seven championships.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [34, 34], "content_span": [35, 420]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075503-0001-0000", "contents": "1957\u201358 FC Dinamo Bucure\u0219ti season, Transfers\nDinamo transferred in Cornel Popa and Vasile Alexandru from Dinamo Bac\u0103u, Iosif Laz\u0103r from Dinamo Ora\u015ful Stalin and Gheorghe Cosma from Progresul. The new manager, Iuliu Baratky, promotes Ion Motroc and Petre Babone from the second team. Gheorghe and Ladislau B\u0103cu\u021b, and Florea Birta\u0219u are transferred out.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [36, 45], "content_span": [46, 352]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075504-0000-0000", "contents": "1957\u201358 FC Steaua Bucure\u0219ti season\nThe 1957\u201358 season was FC Steaua Bucure\u0219ti's 10th season since its founding in 1947.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [34, 34], "content_span": [35, 119]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075505-0000-0000", "contents": "1957\u201358 FK Partizan season\nThe 1957\u201358 season was the 12th season in FK Partizan's existence. This article shows player statistics and matches that the club played during the 1957\u201358 season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [26, 26], "content_span": [27, 190]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075506-0000-0000", "contents": "1957\u201358 Federation Cup\nThe 1957\u201358 Federation Cup was the second season of the Turkish Federation Cup. The winner of the competition would represent Turkey at the 1958\u201359 European Cup. It was also the last edition of the Federation Cup, for the next season would be the Turkish First Football League. 38 clubs participated: 20 from Istanbul, 10 from \u0130zmir, and 8 from Ankara. Be\u015fikta\u015f won the title for the second time.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [22, 22], "content_span": [23, 419]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075506-0001-0000", "contents": "1957\u201358 Federation Cup, Third round\nIn the third round the remaining 8 teams were split into 2 groups of 4 (red group and white group).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [24, 35], "content_span": [36, 135]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075507-0000-0000", "contents": "1957\u201358 Football League\nThe 1957\u201358 season was the 59th completed season of The Football League. The first division title went to Wolverhampton Wanderers for the second time, while Sunderland were relegated to the second division for the first time in the club's history, after 57 consecutive seasons in the top flight of English football. The season was marred by the Munich air disaster, in which eight Manchester United players died as a result of the crash with two others suffering career-ending injuries. Manchester United were chasing a hat-trick of league championships, but they dropped 21 points in 14 matches after the Munich crash and finished 21 points behind the champions Wolves.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [23, 23], "content_span": [24, 694]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075507-0001-0000", "contents": "1957\u201358 Football League, Final league tables\nThe tables below are reproduced here in the exact form that they can be found at  website and in Rothmans Book of Football League Records 1888\u201389 to 1978\u201379, with home and away statistics separated.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 44], "content_span": [45, 243]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075507-0002-0000", "contents": "1957\u201358 Football League, Final league tables\nBeginning with the season 1894\u201395, clubs finishing level on points were separated according to goal average (goals scored divided by goals conceded), or more properly put, goal ratio. In case one or more teams had the same goal difference, this system favoured those teams who had scored fewer goals. The goal average system was eventually scrapped beginning with the 1976\u201377 season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 44], "content_span": [45, 428]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075507-0003-0000", "contents": "1957\u201358 Football League, Final league tables\nFrom the 1922\u201323 season, the bottom two teams of both Third Division North and Third Division South were required to apply for re-election.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 44], "content_span": [45, 184]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075508-0000-0000", "contents": "1957\u201358 Four Hills Tournament\nThe sixth edition of the annual Four Hills Tournament in Germany and Austria was won by East German athlete Helmut Recknagel, who won on both Austrian hills. It was his first of three tournament victories within four years.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [29, 29], "content_span": [30, 253]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075508-0001-0000", "contents": "1957\u201358 Four Hills Tournament, Results, Garmisch-Partenkirchen\nTwo jumpers who placed on the podium of Oberstdorf only three days prior placed poorly in Garmisch-Partenkirchen, falling back in the overall ranking: Helmut Recknagel finished 35th (189.1p), Walter Habersatter 42nd (183.6p).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 62], "content_span": [63, 288]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075508-0002-0000", "contents": "1957\u201358 Four Hills Tournament, Results, Bischofshofen\nLeading 8.6 points ahead of Schamov, Nikolay Kamenskiy was in a promising position to become the first ski jumper to win the Four Hills Tournament twice after his success two years prior.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 53], "content_span": [54, 241]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075508-0003-0000", "contents": "1957\u201358 Four Hills Tournament, Results, Bischofshofen\nHowever, Kamenskiy classified in a disappointing 18th place. Helmut Recknagel, who was only fifth in the overall ranking prior to Bischofshofen, won the event and snatched tournament victory.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 53], "content_span": [54, 245]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075509-0000-0000", "contents": "1957\u201358 French Division 1\nStade de Reims won Division 1 season 1957/1958 of the French Association Football League with 48 points.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [25, 25], "content_span": [26, 130]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075509-0001-0000", "contents": "1957\u201358 French Division 1, Final table\nPromoted from Division 2, who will play in Division 1 season 1958/1959", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [27, 38], "content_span": [39, 109]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075510-0000-0000", "contents": "1957\u201358 French Division 2, Overview\nIt was contested by 22 teams, and Nancy won the championship.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [27, 35], "content_span": [36, 97]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075511-0000-0000", "contents": "1957\u201358 French Rugby Union Championship\nThe 1957-58 French Rugby Union Championship was contested by 48 clubs divided in six pools of eight.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [39, 39], "content_span": [40, 140]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075511-0001-0000", "contents": "1957\u201358 French Rugby Union Championship\nThe top five of each pool and the best two sixths (for a sum of 32 clubs) were qualified to play a play-off phase.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [39, 39], "content_span": [40, 154]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075511-0002-0000", "contents": "1957\u201358 French Rugby Union Championship\nThe championship was won by Lourdes that defeated Mazamet in the final. Le FC lourdais won the title for the third consecutive time.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [39, 39], "content_span": [40, 172]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075511-0003-0000", "contents": "1957\u201358 French Rugby Union Championship, Context\nThe 1958 Five Nations Championship was won by Ireland, France finished 3rd,", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 48], "content_span": [49, 124]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075511-0004-0000", "contents": "1957\u201358 French Rugby Union Championship, Context\nThe Challenge Yves du Manoir was won by SC Mazamet that beat Mont-de-Marsan par 3-0.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 48], "content_span": [49, 133]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075511-0005-0000", "contents": "1957\u201358 French Rugby Union Championship, Final\nJean Prat conquest his sixth and last title of French Champion.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 46], "content_span": [47, 110]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075512-0000-0000", "contents": "1957\u201358 Georgetown Hoyas men's basketball team\nThe 1957\u201358 Georgetown Hoyas men's basketball team represented Georgetown University during the 1957\u201358 NCAA University Division college basketball season. Tom Nolan coached them in his second season as head coach. The team was an independent and played its home games at McDonough Gymnasium on the Georgetown campus in Washington, D.C. It finished with a record of 10-11 and had no post-season play.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 46], "section_span": [46, 46], "content_span": [47, 447]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075512-0001-0000", "contents": "1957\u201358 Georgetown Hoyas men's basketball team, Season recap\nSophomore forward Tom McCloskey had been the Washington, D.C., high school all-city Most Valuable Player before arriving at Georgetown in the fall of 1956 for a season on the freshman team. He joined the varsity team this season. He scored a career-high 24 points against Loyola of Maryland in the season opener, and by the middle of January 1958 he had scored in double figures in six of the team's seven games. McCloskey and junior forward Jack Nies were averaging a combined 22 points per game by February.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 46], "section_span": [48, 60], "content_span": [61, 570]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075512-0002-0000", "contents": "1957\u201358 Georgetown Hoyas men's basketball team, Season recap\nMcCloskey's and Nies's season came to a sudden end when they were among four players Georgetown placed on academic suspension for the rest of the season even though they remained academically eligible under National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) standards. McCloskey's abbreviated season ended with him averaging 12.4 points and 7.6 rebounds per game.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 46], "section_span": [48, 60], "content_span": [61, 421]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075512-0003-0000", "contents": "1957\u201358 Georgetown Hoyas men's basketball team, Season recap\nSenior forward Ken Pichette carried the weight as the team's main scorer after the departure of McCloskey and Nies, averaging 19 points per game after they were suspended, not counting 31 points he scored in the mid-February exhibition game against the New York Athletic Club. However, the suspensions crippled the team, and it lost six of its last eight games and eight of its last ten to finish with a record of 10\u201311. It was not ranked in the Top 20 in the Associated Press Poll or Coaches' Poll at any time.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 46], "section_span": [48, 60], "content_span": [61, 572]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075512-0004-0000", "contents": "1957\u201358 Georgetown Hoyas men's basketball team, Roster\nSophomore guard Ed Hargaden, Jr., joined the team this year as the first second-generation Georgetown men's basketball player, his father, guard Ed Hargaden, having been a standout guard on the 1932\u201333, 1933\u201334, and 1934\u201335 teams. He also was the only second-generation player in school history until center Patrick Ewing's son, forward Patrick Ewing, Jr., joined the team in the 2006-07 season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 46], "section_span": [48, 54], "content_span": [55, 450]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075512-0005-0000", "contents": "1957\u201358 Georgetown Hoyas men's basketball team, Roster\nSophomore forward Henry Rojas left the team during the season, and sophomore guard Jim Brown joined the team to replace him. They both wore No. 21.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 46], "section_span": [48, 54], "content_span": [55, 202]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075513-0000-0000", "contents": "1957\u201358 Greek Football Cup\nThe 1957\u201358 Greek Football Cup was the 16th edition of the Greek Football Cup. The competition culminated with the Greek Cup Final, held at Karaiskakis Stadium, on 30 July 1958. The match was contested by Olympiacos and Doxa Drama, with Olympiacos winning by 5\u20131.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [26, 26], "content_span": [27, 290]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075513-0001-0000", "contents": "1957\u201358 Greek Football Cup, Final\nThe 16th Greek Cup Final was played at the Karaiskakis Stadium.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [28, 33], "content_span": [34, 97]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075514-0000-0000", "contents": "1957\u201358 Heart of Midlothian F.C. season\nDuring the 1957\u201358 season Hearts competed in the Scottish First Division, the Scottish Cup, the Scottish League Cup and the East of Scotland Shield.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [39, 39], "content_span": [40, 188]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075515-0000-0000", "contents": "1957\u201358 Hellenic Football League\nThe 1957\u201358 Hellenic Football League season was the fifth in the history of the Hellenic Football League, a football competition in England.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [32, 32], "content_span": [33, 173]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075515-0001-0000", "contents": "1957\u201358 Hellenic Football League, Premier Division\nThe Premier Division featured 15 clubs which competed in the division last season, along with one new club:", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 50], "content_span": [51, 158]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075515-0002-0000", "contents": "1957\u201358 Hellenic Football League, Division One\nThe Division One featured 8 clubs which competed in the division last season, along with 6 new clubs:", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 46], "content_span": [47, 148]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075516-0000-0000", "contents": "1957\u201358 Hibernian F.C. season\nDuring the 1957\u201358 season Hibernian, a football club based in Edinburgh, came ninth out of 18 clubs in the Scottish First Division.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [29, 29], "content_span": [30, 161]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075517-0000-0000", "contents": "1957\u201358 Honduran Amateur League\nThe 1957\u201358 Honduran Amateur League was the tenth edition of the Honduran Amateur League. Club Deportivo Olimpia obtained its 1st national title. The season ran from 17 February 1957 to 16 February 1958.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [31, 31], "content_span": [32, 235]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075517-0001-0000", "contents": "1957\u201358 Honduran Amateur League, National championship round\nPlayed in a double round-robin format between the regional champions. Also known as the Cuadrangular.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 60], "content_span": [61, 162]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075518-0000-0000", "contents": "1957\u201358 Hong Kong First Division League\nThe 1957\u201358 Hong Kong First Division League season was the 47th since its establishment.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [39, 39], "content_span": [40, 128]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075519-0000-0000", "contents": "1957\u201358 Huddersfield Town A.F.C. season\nHuddersfield Town's 1957\u201358 campaign was a fairly mediocre season for the Town under Bill Shankly, who was taking charge for his first full season at Leeds Road. The season will be best remembered for the match against Charlton Athletic at The Valley on 21 December 1957. The match finished 7\u20136 to Charlton, after Charlton had only ten men for the majority of the match and the fact that with 27 minutes remaining, Town were leading 5\u20131 before losing the match. This remains the only match in professional football where a team has scored 6 goals and lost the match.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [39, 39], "content_span": [40, 606]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075519-0001-0000", "contents": "1957\u201358 Huddersfield Town A.F.C. season, Squad at the start of the season\nNote: Flags indicate national team as defined under FIFA eligibility rules. Players may hold more than one non-FIFA nationality.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 73], "content_span": [74, 202]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075519-0002-0000", "contents": "1957\u201358 Huddersfield Town A.F.C. season, Review\nBill Shankly's first full season in charge compromising a complete mixture of results, although Town did finish the season in 9th place with 44 points, although they were 12 points behind 2nd placed Blackburn Rovers. The season also saw Vic Metcalfe make his last appearance in a Town shirt in March in a match against Sheffield United.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 47], "content_span": [48, 384]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075519-0003-0000", "contents": "1957\u201358 Huddersfield Town A.F.C. season, Review\nThe other main highlight of the season was the match at The Valley on 21 December 1957. The match against Charlton Athletic. The match finished 7\u20136 to Charlton, this after Charlton had only ten men for the majority of the match and the fact that with 27 minutes remaining, Town were leading 5\u20131 before losing the match. This remains the only match in professional football, where a team has scored 6 goals and lost the match. Incredibly, Town and Charlton played each other 4 times that season, and 24 goals were scored in those matches.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 47], "content_span": [48, 585]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075519-0004-0000", "contents": "1957\u201358 Huddersfield Town A.F.C. season, Squad at the end of the season\nNote: Flags indicate national team as defined under FIFA eligibility rules. Players may hold more than one non-FIFA nationality.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 71], "content_span": [72, 200]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075520-0000-0000", "contents": "1957\u201358 IHL season\nThe 1957\u201358 IHL season was the 13th season of the International Hockey League, a North American minor professional league. Outside of the Louisville Rebels, who relocated from Huntington, the league's teams all remained intact from the previous season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 18], "section_span": [18, 18], "content_span": [19, 271]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075520-0001-0000", "contents": "1957\u201358 IHL season\nThe season saw the dominant Cincinnati Mohawks win their sixth-straight regular season title only to be upset in the Turner Cup semifinals by Louisville. The playoff loss denied the Mohawks their sixth-straight Turner Cup championship. Meanwhile, in the Turner Cup Finals, the Indianapolis Chiefs defeated the Louisville Rebels 4-games-to-3 in a tight series. Both teams had less wins in the regular season then losses.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 18], "section_span": [18, 18], "content_span": [19, 438]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075521-0000-0000", "contents": "1957\u201358 Idaho Vandals men's basketball team\nThe 1957\u201358 Idaho Vandals men's basketball team represented the University of Idaho during the 1957\u201358 NCAA University Division  basketball season. Members of the Pacific Coast Conference, the Vandals were led by fourth-year head coach Harlan Hodges and played their home games on campus at Memorial Gymnasium in Moscow, Idaho.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 43], "section_span": [43, 43], "content_span": [44, 371]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075521-0001-0000", "contents": "1957\u201358 Idaho Vandals men's basketball team\nThe Vandals were 17\u20139 overall and 9\u20137 in conference play in the penultimate season of the PCC.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 43], "section_span": [43, 43], "content_span": [44, 138]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075521-0002-0000", "contents": "1957\u201358 Idaho Vandals men's basketball team\nSenior guard Gary Simmons of Twin Falls was the UI's first All-American.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 43], "section_span": [43, 43], "content_span": [44, 116]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075522-0000-0000", "contents": "1957\u201358 Illinois Fighting Illini men's basketball team\nThe 1957\u201358 Illinois Fighting Illini men\u2019s basketball team represented the University of Illinois.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 54], "section_span": [54, 54], "content_span": [55, 153]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075522-0001-0000", "contents": "1957\u201358 Illinois Fighting Illini men's basketball team, Regular season\nStarting his second decade as the head coach of the University of Illinois' Fighting Illini basketball team, Harry Combes and his assistant coach and top recruiter, Howie Braun, were beginning to lose some of the top recruits from the state of Illinois. Talented players, such as Tom Hawkins, Charlie Brown, McKinley \"Deacon\" Davis, Nolden Gentry, John Tidwell and Charles \"Chico\" Vaughn were lured away to play for other programs during the late 1950s, a trend that would continue for Combes during his second decade.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 54], "section_span": [56, 70], "content_span": [71, 589]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075522-0002-0000", "contents": "1957\u201358 Illinois Fighting Illini men's basketball team, Regular season\nThe 1957-58 team returned several lettermen including the leading scorer Don Ohl and team \"captain\" John Paul. It also saw the return of Roger Taylor and Ted Caiazza. The team also added sophomores Govoner Vaughn, Mannie Jackson, Al Gosnell, Bruce Bunkenberg and Ed Perry. The Illini finished the season with a conference record of 5 wins and 9 losses, finishing in 8th place in the Big Ten. They would finish with an overall record of 11 wins and 11 losses. The starting lineup included Govoner Vaughn at the center position, Roger Taylor and Don Ohl at guard and Mannie Jackson and John Paul at the forward slots.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 54], "section_span": [56, 70], "content_span": [71, 686]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075523-0000-0000", "contents": "1957\u201358 Indiana Hoosiers men's basketball team\nThe 1957\u201358 Indiana Hoosiers men's basketball team represented Indiana University. Their head coach was Branch McCracken, who was in his 17th year. The team played its home games in The Fieldhouse in Bloomington, Indiana, and was a member of the Big Ten Conference.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 46], "section_span": [46, 46], "content_span": [47, 312]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075523-0001-0000", "contents": "1957\u201358 Indiana Hoosiers men's basketball team\nThe Hoosiers finished the regular season with an overall record of 13\u201311 and a conference record of 10\u20134, finishing 1st in the Big Ten Conference. As Big Ten Conference Champions, Indiana was invited to participate in the NCAA Tournament, where the Hoosiers advanced to Regional Third Place.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 46], "section_span": [46, 46], "content_span": [47, 338]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075524-0000-0000", "contents": "1957\u201358 Iowa State Cyclones men's basketball team\nThe 1957\u201358 Iowa State Cyclones men's basketball team represented Iowa State University during the 1957-58 NCAA College men's basketball season. The Cyclones were coached by Bill Strannigan, who was in his fourth season with the Cyclones. They played their home games at the Iowa State Armory in Ames, Iowa.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 49], "section_span": [49, 49], "content_span": [50, 357]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075524-0001-0000", "contents": "1957\u201358 Iowa State Cyclones men's basketball team\nThey finished the season 15\u20138, 8\u20134 in Big Eight play to finish in a tie for second.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 49], "section_span": [49, 49], "content_span": [50, 133]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075525-0000-0000", "contents": "1957\u201358 Iraq Central FA First Division Cup\nThe 1957\u201358 Iraq Central FA First Division Cup was the 10th season of the Iraq Central FA League (the top division of football in Baghdad and its neighbouring cities from 1948 to 1973). It was played as a double-elimination tournament and started on 26 November 1957.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 42], "section_span": [42, 42], "content_span": [43, 310]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075525-0001-0000", "contents": "1957\u201358 Iraq Central FA First Division Cup\nAl-Quwa Al-Jawiya Al-Malikiya (now known as Al-Quwa Al-Jawiya) won their first title, after Montakhab Al-Shorta withdrew from the replay of the final due to missing several players from their squad through injury with the Iraq Central Football Association refusing to move the game to another date. Al-Quwa Al-Jawiya Al-Malikiya's Edison David was the player of the tournament.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 42], "section_span": [42, 42], "content_span": [43, 420]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075525-0002-0000", "contents": "1957\u201358 Iraq Central FA First Division Cup, Final\nMontakhab Al-Shorta withdrew from the replay of the final due to several key players from their squad being unavailable through injury. The Iraq Central Football Association, refusing to move the game to another date, therefore awarded Al-Quwa Al-Jawiya Al-Malikiya a walkover victory and the title.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 42], "section_span": [44, 49], "content_span": [50, 349]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075526-0000-0000", "contents": "1957\u201358 Irish League\nThe Irish League in season 1957\u201358 comprised 12 teams, and Ards won the championship.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [20, 20], "content_span": [21, 106]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075527-0000-0000", "contents": "1957\u201358 Israel State Cup\nThe 1957\u201358 Israel State Cup (Hebrew: \u05d2\u05d1\u05d9\u05e2 \u05d4\u05de\u05d3\u05d9\u05e0\u05d4\u200e, Gvia HaMedina) was the 20th season of Israel's nationwide football cup competition and the fifth after the Israeli Declaration of Independence.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [24, 24], "content_span": [25, 220]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075527-0001-0000", "contents": "1957\u201358 Israel State Cup\nEarly round matches, with Liga Gimel and Liga Bet teams began on 12 October 1957. Liga Leumit clubs joined the competition in late June 1958.   a quarter-final match between Maccabi Tel Aviv and Hapoel Petah Tikva ended prematurely, and the IFA ruled the match in favor of Maccabi Tel Aviv. Hapoel Petah Tikva appealed the decision, and the process caused the semi-finals and the final to be delayed until the beginning of the 1958\u201359 season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [24, 24], "content_span": [25, 467]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075527-0002-0000", "contents": "1957\u201358 Israel State Cup\nThe final was held at the Ramat Gan Stadium on 30 September 1958. Maccabi Tel Aviv defeated Hapoel Haifa 2\u20130, won its 9th cup and completed its second double since the Israeli Declaration of Independence and third overall.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [24, 24], "content_span": [25, 247]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075527-0003-0000", "contents": "1957\u201358 Israel State Cup\nFollowing the conclusion of the competition, the IFA played an additional cup competition, dedicated to the 10th anniversary of Israel, which was played during October and November 1958.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [24, 24], "content_span": [25, 211]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075527-0004-0000", "contents": "1957\u201358 Israel State Cup, Results, Third round\nMatches were played on 29 March 1958, with the 28 winners qualifying to the 4th round.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 46], "content_span": [47, 133]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075527-0005-0000", "contents": "1957\u201358 Israel State Cup, Results, Fourth round\nThe remaining 28 clubs played 14 matches to set the 14 clubs that will qualify to the sixth round.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 47], "content_span": [48, 146]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075527-0006-0000", "contents": "1957\u201358 Israel State Cup, Results, Fifth round\nThe remaining 14 clubs played 7 matches to set the 7 clubs that will qualify to the sixth round.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 46], "content_span": [47, 143]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075527-0007-0000", "contents": "1957\u201358 Israel State Cup, Results, Sixth round\n12 Liga Leumit clubs joined the 16 winning teams from previous round to play 15 cup ties, with Hapoel Rehovot receiving a bye to the next round. Most matches were played on 21 June 1958, with the match between Maccabi Sha'arayim and Shimshon Tel Aviv being postponed to the next week.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 46], "content_span": [47, 331]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075528-0000-0000", "contents": "1957\u201358 Istanbul Football League\nThe 1957\u201358 Istanbul Football League was the 33rd season of the league. Galatasaray SK became champions for the 15th time in their history.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [32, 32], "content_span": [33, 172]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075529-0000-0000", "contents": "1957\u201358 Isthmian League\nThe 1957\u201358 season was the 43rd in the history of the Isthmian League, an English football competition.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [23, 23], "content_span": [24, 127]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075529-0001-0000", "contents": "1957\u201358 Isthmian League\nTooting & Mitcham United were champions, winning their first Isthmian League title.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [23, 23], "content_span": [24, 107]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075530-0000-0000", "contents": "1957\u201358 Juventus F.C. season\nDuring the 1957\u201358 Juventus F.C. season, the club competed in both the Serie A and Coppa Italia.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [28, 28], "content_span": [29, 125]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075530-0001-0000", "contents": "1957\u201358 Juventus F.C. season, Summary\nAfter three seasons of disaster performance Juventus had a great season for the team clinching its 10th championship   thanks to the \"trio magico\" with a superb Welsh forward John Charles in attacking along Omar Sivori from River Plate and Boniperti.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 37], "content_span": [38, 288]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075530-0002-0000", "contents": "1957\u201358 Juventus F.C. season, Squad\nNote: Flags indicate national team as defined under FIFA eligibility rules. Players may hold more than one non-FIFA nationality.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 35], "content_span": [36, 164]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075531-0000-0000", "contents": "1957\u201358 Kansas Jayhawks men's basketball team\nThe 1957\u201358  Kansas Jayhawks men's basketball team represented the University of Kansas during the 1957\u201358 college men's basketball season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 45], "section_span": [45, 45], "content_span": [46, 185]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075532-0000-0000", "contents": "1957\u201358 Kansas State Wildcats men's basketball team\nThe 1957\u201358 Kansas State Wildcats men's basketball team represented Kansas State University as a member of the Big 7 Conference during the 1957\u201358 NCAA University Division men's basketball season. The head coach was Tex Winter, innovator of the Triangle offense and future member of the Basketball Hall of Fame, who was in his fifth season at the helm. The Wildcats finished with a record of 22\u20135 (10\u20132 Big 7) and reached the Final Four.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 51], "section_span": [51, 51], "content_span": [52, 489]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075532-0001-0000", "contents": "1957\u201358 Kansas State Wildcats men's basketball team\nThe team played its home games at Ahearn Field House in Manhattan, Kansas.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 51], "section_span": [51, 51], "content_span": [52, 126]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075533-0000-0000", "contents": "1957\u201358 Kentucky Wildcats men's basketball team\nThe 1957\u201358 Kentucky Wildcats men's basketball team represented University of Kentucky. The head coach was Adolph Rupp. The team was a member of the Southeast Conference and played their home games at Memorial Coliseum. This squad was often nicknamed the \"Fiddlin' Five\".", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 47], "section_span": [47, 47], "content_span": [48, 319]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075533-0001-0000", "contents": "1957\u201358 Kentucky Wildcats men's basketball team, NCAA Championship\nThe 1958 NCAA Championship game was played in Louisville, Kentucky, before a then NCAA finals record crowd of 18,803, at the newly completed Freedom Hall. Seattle was Kentucky's opponent, led by the great Elgin Baylor. Baylor, a Consensus First Team All-American, was the nation's second-leading scorer (32.5) behind Cincinnati's Oscar Robertson.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 47], "section_span": [49, 66], "content_span": [67, 413]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075533-0002-0000", "contents": "1957\u201358 Kentucky Wildcats men's basketball team, NCAA Championship\nThe Chieftains led Kentucky by 11 points in the first half on two occasions. In fact, Seattle was still leading by a score of 60\u201358 with seven minutes to go in the game. However, led by the sharp shooting of Vernon Hatton and Johnny Cox, Kentucky mounted a strong rally at the end, eventually winning the game by a final score of 84-72. Hatton led Kentucky with 30 points, Cox followed him with 24 points for the Wildcats, while Seattle was led by Baylor, who scored 25 points before fouling out. The victory sealed Kentucky's 4th NCAA Championship.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 47], "section_span": [49, 66], "content_span": [67, 616]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075534-0000-0000", "contents": "1957\u201358 La Liga\nThe 1957\u201358 La Liga season was the 27th since its establishment. The season started on September 15, 1957, and finished on May 4, 1958.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 15], "section_span": [15, 15], "content_span": [16, 151]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075534-0001-0000", "contents": "1957\u201358 La Liga, Team locations\nZaragoza moved from its old stadium Torrero to the new La Romareda. Barcelona also moved from Las Corts to the Nou Camp, that became the biggest stadium in Spain.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 15], "section_span": [17, 31], "content_span": [32, 194]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075535-0000-0000", "contents": "1957\u201358 Lancashire Cup\n1957\u201358 was the forty-fifth occasion on which the Lancashire Cup completion had been held. Oldham won the trophy  by beating Wigan by the score of 13-8The match was played at Station Road, Pendlebury, (historically in the county of Lancashire). Another excellent attendance, this season of 42,497 was achieved and the receipts were \u00a36,918This was the second of Oldham's three consecutive triumphs. 1958 would be the last time they would win the trophy, although they did later appear 4 times as runners-up (in 1966, 1969, 1987 and 1989).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [22, 22], "content_span": [23, 560]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075535-0001-0000", "contents": "1957\u201358 Lancashire Cup, Background\nWith no invitation to a junior club this season, the total number of teams entering the competition was reduced by one to 14. The same pre-war fixture format was retained, and due to the number of clubs this resulted in no bye but one \u201cblank\u201d or \u201cdummy\u201d fixture in the first round, and one bye in the second round", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [24, 34], "content_span": [35, 348]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075535-0002-0000", "contents": "1957\u201358 Lancashire Cup, Competition and results, Round 1\nInvolved  7 matches (with no bye but one \u201cblank\u201d fixture) and 14 clubs", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [24, 56], "content_span": [57, 127]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075535-0003-0000", "contents": "1957\u201358 Lancashire Cup, Competition and results, Final, Teams and Scorers\nScoring - Try = three (3) points - Goal = two (2) points - Drop goal = two (2) points", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [24, 73], "content_span": [74, 159]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075535-0004-0000", "contents": "1957\u201358 Lancashire Cup, Notes and comments\n1 Station Road was the home ground of Swinton from 1929 to 1932 and at its peak was one of the finest rugby league grounds in the country and it boasted a capacity of 60,000. The actual record attendance was for the Challenge Cup semi-final on 7 April 1951 when 44,621 watched Wigan beat Warrington 3-2", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [24, 42], "content_span": [43, 345]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075536-0000-0000", "contents": "1957\u201358 Landsdelsserien\nThe 1957\u201358 Landsdelsserien was a Norwegian second-tier football league season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [23, 23], "content_span": [24, 103]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075536-0001-0000", "contents": "1957\u201358 Landsdelsserien\nThe league was contested by 54 teams, divided into a total of seven groups from four districts; \u00d8stland/S\u00f8ndre, \u00d8stland/Nordre, S\u00f8rland/Vestre and M\u00f8re/Tr\u00f8ndelag. The two group winners in the \u00d8stland districts, Gre\u00e5ker and Kapp promoted directly to the 1958\u201359 Hovedserien. The other five group winners qualified for promotion play-offs to compete for two spots in the following season's top flight. \u00c5rstad and Freidig won the play-offs and were promoted.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [23, 23], "content_span": [24, 479]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075536-0002-0000", "contents": "1957\u201358 Landsdelsserien, Promotion play-offs\n\u00c5rstad won 2\u20130 over Jerv and were promoted to Hovedserien.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 44], "content_span": [45, 103]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075536-0003-0000", "contents": "1957\u201358 Landsdelsserien, Promotion play-offs\nFreidig won 6\u20133 on aggregate and were promoted to Hovedserien.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 44], "content_span": [45, 107]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075537-0000-0000", "contents": "1957\u201358 League of Ireland, Overview\nIt was contested by 12 teams, and Drumcondra F.C. won the championship and qualified to play in the European Cup for next season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [27, 35], "content_span": [36, 165]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075538-0000-0000", "contents": "1957\u201358 Liga Alef\nThe 1957\u201358 Liga Alef season saw Beitar Jerusalem win the title. However, there was no promotion to Liga Leumit or relegation to Liga Bet, after the Israel Football Association decided to abandon the league before the end of the season, due to suspicions of bribery.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [17, 17], "content_span": [18, 284]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075539-0000-0000", "contents": "1957\u201358 Liga Bet\nThe 1957\u201358 Liga Bet season saw Hapoel Tiberias and Hapoel Ramla win their respective regional divisions. However, there was no promotion to Liga Alef or relegation to Liga Gimel, after the Israel Football Association decided to abandon the league before the end of the season, due to suspicions of bribery.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 16], "section_span": [16, 16], "content_span": [17, 324]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075540-0000-0000", "contents": "1957\u201358 Liga Leumit\nThe 1957\u201358 Liga Leumit season lasted from December 1957 until May 1958. Maccabi Tel Aviv won the title, whilst the club's Rafi Levi was the league's top scorer with 14 goals.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [19, 19], "content_span": [20, 195]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075540-0001-0000", "contents": "1957\u201358 Liga Leumit\nThere was no relegation from the league and no clubs were promoted from Liga Alef at the end of the season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [19, 19], "content_span": [20, 127]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075541-0000-0000", "contents": "1957\u201358 Liverpool F.C. season\nThe 1957\u201358 season was the 66th season in Liverpool F.C. 's existence, and was their 4th consecutive year in the Second Division.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [29, 29], "content_span": [30, 159]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075541-0001-0000", "contents": "1957\u201358 Liverpool F.C. season\nThe season would prove to be one where they would finish outside the top two for the 3rd consecutive season, by finishing 4th, just two points outside the automatic promotion places.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [29, 29], "content_span": [30, 212]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075541-0002-0000", "contents": "1957\u201358 Liverpool F.C. season\nThey also reached the Sixth Round of the FA Cup as they lost two-one by Blackburn Rovers.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [29, 29], "content_span": [30, 119]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075542-0000-0000", "contents": "1957\u201358 Luxembourg National Division\nThe 1957\u201358 Luxembourg National Division was the 44th season of top level association football in Luxembourg.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [36, 36], "content_span": [37, 146]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075542-0001-0000", "contents": "1957\u201358 Luxembourg National Division, Overview\nIt was performed in 12 teams, and Jeunesse Esch won the championship.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 46], "content_span": [47, 116]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075543-0000-0000", "contents": "1957\u201358 MJHL season, League notes\nThe League admits the Winnipeg Braves. The Winnipeg Barons Fold. The Winnipeg Rangers move to Brandon, becoming the Brandon Rangers. In January, the Rangers move back and are named the Transcona Rangers.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [21, 33], "content_span": [34, 237]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075544-0000-0000", "contents": "1957\u201358 Maltese Premier League\nThe 1957\u201358 Maltese First Division was the 43rd season of top-tier football in Malta. It was contested by 8 teams, and Floriana F.C. won the championship.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [30, 30], "content_span": [31, 185]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075545-0000-0000", "contents": "1957\u201358 Manchester United F.C. season\nThe  1957\u201358 season was Manchester United's 56th in the Football League, and their 13th consecutive season in the top division of English football.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [37, 37], "content_span": [38, 185]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075545-0001-0000", "contents": "1957\u201358 Manchester United F.C. season\nThe season marked the biggest tragedy in the club's history as eight players, three club officials and ten other passengers died as a result of their injuries in the Munich air disaster on 6 February 1958 on their way back from a European Cup quarter-final away to Red Star Belgrade. Centre-half Mark Jones, captain Roger Byrne, full-back Geoff Bent, winger David Pegg, right-half Eddie Colman, inside-right Bill Whelan and centre-forward Tommy Taylor were all killed instantly. Left-half Duncan Edwards was in hospital for two weeks before he too died on 21 February.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [37, 37], "content_span": [38, 606]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075545-0002-0000", "contents": "1957\u201358 Manchester United F.C. season\nWinger Johnny Berry and centre-half Jackie Blanchflower were both injured to such an extent that they never played again, while several of the surviving players were unavailable for a considerable amount of time as they recovered from their injuries.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [37, 37], "content_span": [38, 288]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075545-0003-0000", "contents": "1957\u201358 Manchester United F.C. season\nManager Matt Busby was badly injured, and his assistant Jimmy Murphy (who was not on that fateful flight) took charge of the first team until the end of the season as Busby recovered from his injuries. Club secretary Walter Crickmer and coaches Tom Curry and Bert Whalley were all killed in the crash, which claimed a total of 23 lives.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [37, 37], "content_span": [38, 374]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075545-0004-0000", "contents": "1957\u201358 Manchester United F.C. season\nDespite the decimation of their squad, a makeshift United side still managed to reach the FA Cup final that season, where they lost to Bolton Wanderers. They also reached the semi-finals of the European Cup. However, their league form suffered after the crash and their title challenge faded as they finished ninth in the final table. At the time of the crash, their record was (P-28, W-15, D-6, L-7, points 36). After the crash, the record was (P-14, 1+5+8, 7 points) as they dropped 21 points, and they finished 21 points behind the league champions Wolves. Since they were winning only 50% of their games before the crash, it can be reasonably said that the crash did not cost them the title.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [37, 37], "content_span": [38, 733]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075545-0005-0000", "contents": "1957\u201358 Manchester United F.C. season\nWith the United squad decimated by death and injuries in the aftermath of the Munich tragedy, a number of younger players broke through into the first team. These included winger Shay Brennan and forward Mark Pearson. Another notable new member of the side was goalkeeper Harry Gregg, signed in December 1957 a few weeks before the Munich crash, and who was hailed a hero for his rescue efforts in the crash.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [37, 37], "content_span": [38, 446]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075545-0006-0000", "contents": "1957\u201358 Manchester United F.C. season\nUnited's top scorer for the season was Dennis Viollet, who found the net 23 times in all competitions and 16 times in the league despite being out of action for some two months as he recovered from injuries sustained in the Munich crash.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [37, 37], "content_span": [38, 275]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075546-0000-0000", "contents": "1957\u201358 Mansfield Town F.C. season\nThe 1957\u201358 season was Mansfield Town's 20th season in the Football League and 15th season in the Third Division North, they finished in 6th position with 52 points. At the end of the season the Third Division North and Third Division South were merged to form the Third Division and Fourth Division.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [34, 34], "content_span": [35, 335]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075547-0000-0000", "contents": "1957\u201358 Mexican Primera Divisi\u00f3n season\nStatistics of the Primera Divisi\u00f3n de M\u00e9xico for the 1957\u201358 season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [39, 39], "content_span": [40, 108]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075547-0001-0000", "contents": "1957\u201358 Mexican Primera Divisi\u00f3n season, Overview\nAtl\u00e9tico Morelia (second place in Segunda Divisi\u00f3n) was also promoted to Primera Divisi\u00f3n, to replace Puebla.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 49], "content_span": [50, 159]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075547-0002-0000", "contents": "1957\u201358 Mexican Primera Divisi\u00f3n season, Overview\nThe season was contested by 14 teams, and Zacatepec won the championship.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 49], "content_span": [50, 123]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075548-0000-0000", "contents": "1957\u201358 Mexican Segunda Divisi\u00f3n season\nThe 1957\u201358 Mexican Segunda Divisi\u00f3n was the 8th season of the Mexican Segunda Divisi\u00f3n. The season started on 24 July 1957 and concluded on 1 December 1957. It was won by Celaya.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [39, 39], "content_span": [40, 219]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075549-0000-0000", "contents": "1957\u201358 Michigan Wolverines men's basketball team\nThe 1957\u201358 Michigan Wolverines men's basketball team represented the University of Michigan in intercollegiate basketball during the 1957\u201358 season. The team finished the season in seventh place in the Big Ten Conference with an overall record of 11\u201311 and 6\u20138 against conference opponents.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 49], "section_span": [49, 49], "content_span": [50, 341]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075549-0001-0000", "contents": "1957\u201358 Michigan Wolverines men's basketball team\nWilliam Perigo was in his sixth year as the team's head coach. Senior Pete Tillotson was the team's leading scorer with 415 points in 22 games for an average of 18.8 points per game. Tillotson also served as the team's captain and was selected as the Most Valuable Player.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 49], "section_span": [49, 49], "content_span": [50, 322]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075549-0002-0000", "contents": "1957\u201358 Michigan Wolverines men's basketball team, Team players drafted into the NBA\nThree players from this team were selected in the NBA Draft.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 49], "section_span": [51, 84], "content_span": [85, 145]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075550-0000-0000", "contents": "1957\u201358 Minneapolis Lakers season\nThe 1957\u201358 NBA season was the Lakers' tenth season in the NBA.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [33, 33], "content_span": [34, 97]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075551-0000-0000", "contents": "1957\u201358 Montenegrin Republic League\nThe 1957\u201358 Montenegrin Republic League was 13th season of Montenegrin Republic League. Season started in September 1957 and interrupted in November same year.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [35, 35], "content_span": [36, 195]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075551-0001-0000", "contents": "1957\u201358 Montenegrin Republic League, Season\nIn Montenegrin Republic League for season 1957-58 played seven teams, but most of the games weren't played, due to fact that Bar and Igalo withdrew after only three weeks. For the first time in their history, winner of competition was Rudar. But, following the decision of Football Association of Yugoslavia to reorganise structure of Yugoslav Second League, winner of Montenegrin Republic League finished without promotion or qualifiers for higher rank.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 43], "content_span": [44, 498]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075551-0002-0000", "contents": "1957\u201358 Montenegrin Republic League, Season, Table\nAfter an incomplete season, Rudar finished at first position with one point more than second-placed Zora.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 50], "content_span": [51, 156]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075551-0003-0000", "contents": "1957\u201358 Montenegrin Republic League, Higher leagues\nOn season 1957\u201358, eight Montenegrin teams played in higher leagues of SFR Yugoslavia. Budu\u0107nost was a member of 1957\u201358 Yugoslav First League, while Nik\u0161i\u0107, Lov\u0107en, Arsenal, Mladost Titograd, Bokelj, Jedinstvo Bijelo Polje and Jedinstvo Herceg Novi played in 1957\u201358 Yugoslav Second League.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 51], "content_span": [52, 343]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075552-0000-0000", "contents": "1957\u201358 Montreal Canadiens season\nThe 1957\u201358 Montreal Canadiens season was the club's 49th season of play. The Canadiens won their third-straight Stanley Cup and the tenth in club history.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [33, 33], "content_span": [34, 189]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075552-0001-0000", "contents": "1957\u201358 Montreal Canadiens season, Playoffs\nIn the semi-finals, Montreal played third place Detroit. After Detroit traded Ted Lindsay because of his union efforts, Detroit was a team in disarray. Montreal defeated the Red Wings in four straight games to reach the finals.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 43], "content_span": [44, 271]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075552-0002-0000", "contents": "1957\u201358 Montreal Canadiens season, Playoffs, Stanley Cup Finals\nRocket Richard, was the top goal scorer during the playoffs with 11. In game five he notched his third final series overtime goal of his career and sixth playoff overtime goal of his career.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 63], "content_span": [64, 254]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075553-0000-0000", "contents": "1957\u201358 Moroccan Throne Cup\nThe 1957\u201358 season of the Moroccan Throne Cup was the second edition of the competition.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [27, 27], "content_span": [28, 116]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075553-0001-0000", "contents": "1957\u201358 Moroccan Throne Cup\nThe teams played one-legged matched. In case of a draw, the matches were to be replayed at the home of the other team.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [27, 27], "content_span": [28, 146]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075553-0002-0000", "contents": "1957\u201358 Moroccan Throne Cup\nMouloudia Club d'Oujda won the cup, beating Wydad Athletic Club 2-1 in the finl, played at Stade d'honneur in Casablanca. Mouloudia Club d'Oujda won the cup for the second time, beating the same team in the final.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [27, 27], "content_span": [28, 241]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075553-0003-0000", "contents": "1957\u201358 Moroccan Throne Cup, Tournament\nThe final took place between the winners of the two semi-finals, Mouloudia Club d'Oujda and Wydad Athletic Club, on 16 November 1957 at the Stade d'honneur in Casablanca. The match was refereed by \"Corcoles\". MC Oujda beat Wydad AC for the second consecutive time in the final, after a draw in the previous year led to Oujda being awarded the title after scoring first.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 39], "content_span": [40, 409]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075553-0004-0000", "contents": "1957\u201358 Moroccan Throne Cup, Tournament\nMouloudia Club d'Oujda beat Wydad AC in the final for the second time. However, it was the Casablancans who opened the scoring through Mohamed Khalfi (\u00a07'), but the Oujdis soon equalised through Jebbari (\u00a013'). With the match level, it was MCO who took advantage through a goal by Chellal (\u00a084'), which won them the title. It was their second consecutive victory against MC Oujda in the competition.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 39], "content_span": [40, 439]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075554-0000-0000", "contents": "1957\u201358 NBA season\nThe 1957\u201358 NBA season was the 12th season of the National Basketball Association. The season ended with the St. Louis Hawks winning the NBA Championship, beating the Boston Celtics 4 games to 2 in the NBA Finals.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 18], "section_span": [18, 18], "content_span": [19, 232]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075554-0001-0000", "contents": "1957\u201358 NBA season, Playoffs\nBold Series winnerItalic Team with home-court advantage in NBA Finals", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 18], "section_span": [20, 28], "content_span": [29, 98]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075554-0002-0000", "contents": "1957\u201358 NBA season, Statistics leaders\nNote: Prior to the 1969\u201370 season, league leaders in points, rebounds, and assists were determined by totals rather than averages.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 18], "section_span": [20, 38], "content_span": [39, 169]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075555-0000-0000", "contents": "1957\u201358 NCAA University Division men's basketball rankings\nThe 1957\u201358 NCAA men's basketball rankings was made up of two human polls, the AP Poll and the Coaches Poll.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 58], "section_span": [58, 58], "content_span": [59, 167]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075556-0000-0000", "contents": "1957\u201358 NCAA University Division men's basketball season\nThe 1957\u201358 NCAA University Division men's basketball season began in December 1957, progressed through the regular season and conference tournaments, and concluded with the 1958 NCAA University Division Basketball Tournament Championship Game on March 22, 1958, at Freedom Hall in Louisville, Kentucky. The Kentucky Wildcats won their fourth NCAA national championship with an 84\u201372 victory over the Seattle Chieftains.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 56], "section_span": [56, 56], "content_span": [57, 477]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075556-0001-0000", "contents": "1957\u201358 NCAA University Division men's basketball season, Polls\nThe final top 20 from the AP and Coaches Polls.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 56], "section_span": [58, 63], "content_span": [64, 111]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075556-0002-0000", "contents": "1957\u201358 NCAA University Division men's basketball season, Post-Season Tournaments, NCAA Tournament\nAdolph Rupp's Kentucky Wildcats won their fourth National Championship by defeating the Seattle Chieftains 84\u201372 on March 22 at Freedom Hall in Louisville, Kentucky. Seattle's Elgin Baylor led all tournament scorers and was named the tournament Most Outstanding Player.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 56], "section_span": [58, 98], "content_span": [99, 368]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075556-0003-0000", "contents": "1957\u201358 NCAA University Division men's basketball season, Post-Season Tournaments, National Invitation Tournament\nThe Xavier Musketeers entered the National Invitation Tournament with a 15\u201311 record, but surprised the field, defeating fellow Ohio school Dayton 78\u201374 to win the NIT. The Musketeers' Hank Stein was named tournament MVP.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 56], "section_span": [58, 113], "content_span": [114, 335]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075556-0004-0000", "contents": "1957\u201358 NCAA University Division men's basketball season, Coaching changes\nA number of teams changed coaches throughout the season and after the season ended.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 56], "section_span": [58, 74], "content_span": [75, 158]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075557-0000-0000", "contents": "1957\u201358 NCAA men's ice hockey season\nThe 1957\u201358 NCAA men's ice hockey season began in November 1957 and concluded with the 1958 NCAA Men's Ice Hockey Tournament's championship game on March 15, 1958 at the Williams Arena in Minneapolis, Minnesota. This was the 11th season in which an NCAA ice hockey championship was held and is the 63rd year overall where an NCAA school fielded a team.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [36, 36], "content_span": [37, 389]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075557-0001-0000", "contents": "1957\u201358 NCAA men's ice hockey season\nThis was the final season of play for the WIHL. The conference would return two years later as the WCHA.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [36, 36], "content_span": [37, 141]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075557-0002-0000", "contents": "1957\u201358 NCAA men's ice hockey season, Regular season, Standings\nWhen teams met each other four times, one point was awarded for a win, one-half for a tie. When teams met eight times (Denver and CC), one-half point was awarded for a win, and one-fourth point for a tie.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 63], "content_span": [64, 268]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075557-0003-0000", "contents": "1957\u201358 NCAA men's ice hockey season, Player stats, Scoring leaders\nThe following players led the league in points at the conclusion of the season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 67], "content_span": [68, 147]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075557-0004-0000", "contents": "1957\u201358 NCAA men's ice hockey season, Player stats, Scoring leaders\nGP = Games played; G = Goals; A = Assists; Pts = Points; PIM = Penalty minutes", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 67], "content_span": [68, 146]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075557-0005-0000", "contents": "1957\u201358 NCAA men's ice hockey season, Player stats, Leading goaltenders\nThe following goaltenders led the league in goals against average at the end of the regular season while playing at least 33% of their team's total minutes.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 71], "content_span": [72, 228]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075557-0006-0000", "contents": "1957\u201358 NCAA men's ice hockey season, Player stats, Leading goaltenders\nGP = Games played; Min = Minutes played; W = Wins; L = Losses; OT = Overtime/shootout losses; GA = Goals against; SO = Shutouts; SV% = Save percentage; GAA = Goals against average", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 71], "content_span": [72, 251]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075558-0000-0000", "contents": "1957\u201358 NHL season\nThe 1957\u201358 NHL season was the 41st season of the National Hockey League. The Montreal Canadiens won the Stanley Cup for the third consecutive season, defeating the Boston Bruins four games to two in the best-of-seven final series.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 18], "section_span": [18, 18], "content_span": [19, 250]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075558-0001-0000", "contents": "1957\u201358 NHL season, League business\nIt was announced in September that Senator Hartland Molson had purchased 60% stock from the Canadian Arena Company and the Montreal Canadiens from Senator Donat Raymond.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 18], "section_span": [20, 35], "content_span": [36, 205]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075558-0002-0000", "contents": "1957\u201358 NHL season, League business, Organization of Players' Association\nDoug Harvey and Ted Lindsay led the drive to form (on February 11, 1957) the National Hockey League Players' Association (NHLPA), a workers' labour association, and sued the NHL over the issue of player pensions, salaries during training camp, meal allowances, remuneration for exhibition games and a no-trade clause after six years service. Lindsay lost his captaincy of the Detroit Red Wings and was traded to Chicago, on July 23, 1957, in an effort to intimidate the players.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 18], "section_span": [20, 73], "content_span": [74, 552]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075558-0003-0000", "contents": "1957\u201358 NHL season, League business, Organization of Players' Association\nAfter the NHL declined to negotiate with the players over benefits and would not open the books on the pension plan, the player's association filed an antitrust lawsuit on October 10, 1957. The lawsuit alleged the monopolization of the professional hockey industry since 1926, in violation of the Sherman and Clayton Antitrust Acts. Furthermore, On November 6, 1957, the Toronto Maple Leafs players voted unanimously to certify the union.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 18], "section_span": [20, 73], "content_span": [74, 512]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075558-0004-0000", "contents": "1957\u201358 NHL season, League business, Organization of Players' Association\nThe NHL started to fight back. First, they traded Lindsay to Chicago to separate him from the Red Wings, the American team the NHLPA had targeted for a certification vote. Next, Jack Adams spread false stories in the press alleging various slanders had been made by Lindsay against the Red Wings players, and produced a fake contract to the press showing an over-inflated salary for Lindsay, greater than Hart Trophy MVP, teammate and friend Gordie Howe. The ruse worked and the Red Wings players decided to dis-associate themselves from the NHLPA on November 13, 1957.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 18], "section_span": [20, 73], "content_span": [74, 643]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075558-0005-0000", "contents": "1957\u201358 NHL season, League business, Organization of Players' Association\nPart of the problem of organizing the players was confusion about the type of association they were forming. The NHLPA had applied, in Canada, to the Ontario Labour Relations Board for certification, but the ORLB had no experience with workers like hockey players. NHLPA members negotiated individual contracts and wanted to continue to bargain this way. The matter of the NHLPA being an actual union, where the members were bound together and fought for collective agreements, was unclear.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 18], "section_span": [20, 73], "content_span": [74, 564]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075558-0005-0001", "contents": "1957\u201358 NHL season, League business, Organization of Players' Association\nThe NHLPA legal counsel, Milton Mound, addressed this, saying that the players would negotiate on matters common to all players (pensions, allowances) but retained the right to individual contracts. The League, and especially Conn Smythe, argued that players were forming a \"trade union\" and were no better than \"commies\" and would lose things like individual bonuses. He believed that hockey players were in the business of being \"independent contractors\" and had no right or reason for a collective organization.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 18], "section_span": [20, 73], "content_span": [74, 588]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075558-0006-0000", "contents": "1957\u201358 NHL season, League business, Organization of Players' Association\nThe confusion worried both employer and employee. The situation was exacerbated by the certification process. The OLRB was taking time, and no one knew how this transnational association would work, or how it would be recognized by the US National Labor Relations Board. In fact, the NLRB asked the NHLPA to withdraw its unfair labor practices charge on November 20, 1957, arguing it did not have jurisdiction. This was followed by the Montreal Canadiens players rejection of the association in early January, 1958.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 18], "section_span": [20, 73], "content_span": [74, 589]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075558-0007-0000", "contents": "1957\u201358 NHL season, League business, Organization of Players' Association\nThe OLRB resumed meeting on January 7, but both the League and the players were concerned. The NHL was convinced that the ORLB was not going to dismiss the application, regardless of how they ruled on the union versus association issue, and the players were worried (given the setbacks in Detroit and Montreal) that they didn't have grounds to actually form an association (especially since they didn't want to be a traditional \"union.\")", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 18], "section_span": [20, 73], "content_span": [74, 511]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075558-0008-0000", "contents": "1957\u201358 NHL season, League business, Organization of Players' Association\nThe players and owners both felt pressure to conclude something, so they gathered, without lawyers, for a 13-hour meeting in the boardroom of the Biltmore Hotel in Palm Beach, just after the regular NHL winter meetings. In an out-of-court settlement on February 5, 1958, the NHL promised:", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 18], "section_span": [20, 73], "content_span": [74, 362]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075558-0009-0000", "contents": "1957\u201358 NHL season, League business, Organization of Players' Association\nIn the end, the players had little to show for their rebellion. A few cosmetic changes were made, but even the communication problem did not seem to have been solved. Over the ensuing seasons the Owner-Player Council did not even meet regularly, and paternalism prevailed. It was not until 1967 that the idea of a union once again gained currency, again in an era of general revived interest across all the major league sports. The fundamental question at the root of the NHLPA failure was whether players really were laborers who could form a trade union.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 18], "section_span": [20, 73], "content_span": [74, 630]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075558-0009-0001", "contents": "1957\u201358 NHL season, League business, Organization of Players' Association\nSeemingly caught in a space both commercial and non-commercial, players felt uneasy locating themselves wholly within either. This in itself reflected the success of the owners in using cultural formations to restrain their labor force. Led by Conn Smythe, the league appealed to cultural bonds of loyalty and tradition as justifications for retaining the existing economic structure of labor-management relations, long after other industries had been forced by the state to move toward formal, union-led collective bargaining arrangements.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 18], "section_span": [20, 73], "content_span": [74, 614]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075558-0010-0000", "contents": "1957\u201358 NHL season, Regular season\nThis season saw the Montreal Canadiens regain first place overall, while the previous season's leader, the Detroit Red Wings, slipped to third. Montreal's Maurice \"Rocket\" Richard became the first NHL player to score 500 career goals, Jacques Plante won his third straight Vezina Trophy, and Doug Harvey his fourth straight Norris Trophy.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 18], "section_span": [20, 34], "content_span": [35, 373]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075558-0011-0000", "contents": "1957\u201358 NHL season, Regular season\nGlenn Hall, after two playoff years in which the Wings were eliminated, was traded, along with Ted Lindsay to the Chicago Black Hawks and Terry Sawchuk was brought back to Detroit in a deal that saw Larry Hillman and Johnny Bucyk go to Boston. Chicago almost made the playoffs, and Hall's goaltending, including seven shutouts, one of which was in his debut with the Hawks, made him a contender for the Hart Trophy.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 18], "section_span": [20, 34], "content_span": [35, 450]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075558-0012-0000", "contents": "1957\u201358 NHL season, Regular season\nOn October 19, 1957, Rocket Richard, in a 3\u20131 win over Chicago, scored his 500th career goal, against Glenn Hall. He immediately dedicated it to his old coach Dick Irvin, who had died on May 15, 1957, after a long bout with bone cancer.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 18], "section_span": [20, 34], "content_span": [35, 271]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075558-0013-0000", "contents": "1957\u201358 NHL season, Regular season\nWhen Marcel Paille was brought up to the Rangers from Providence of the AHL for the ailing Gump Worsley, he sparkled, and Worsley was sent down to Providence, though he was eventually recalled. Worsley had his finest campaign up to this point, with a 2.32 goals-against average and four shutouts, and the Rangers finished second \u2013 their highest finish since 1941\u201342.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 18], "section_span": [20, 34], "content_span": [35, 401]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075558-0014-0000", "contents": "1957\u201358 NHL season, Regular season\nTwo contenders for the Calder Memorial Trophy, Chicago's Bobby Hull and the Toronto Maple Leafs' Frank Mahovlich, battled all season for rookie honours. Mahovlich prevailed, although the Maple Leafs finished last in the NHL.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 18], "section_span": [20, 34], "content_span": [35, 259]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075558-0015-0000", "contents": "1957\u201358 NHL season, Regular season\nThis season also saw the first player of African descent play in the league. Willie O'Ree suited up with the Boston Bruins on January 18, 1958, in a game against the Canadiens in Montreal.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 18], "section_span": [20, 34], "content_span": [35, 223]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075558-0016-0000", "contents": "1957\u201358 NHL season, Playoffs\nThe first-place Montreal Canadiens swept the third-place Detroit Red Wings to qualify for the Finals. In the other semifinal, the fourth-place Boston Bruins upset the second-seeded New York Rangers in six games to reach the Finals.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 18], "section_span": [20, 28], "content_span": [29, 260]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075558-0017-0000", "contents": "1957\u201358 NHL season, Playoffs, Stanley Cup Finals\nThe Canadiens made their eighth consecutive appearance in the Stanley Cup Finals and defeated the Bruins in six games. It was the Canadiens' third consecutive Stanley Cup triumph.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 18], "section_span": [20, 48], "content_span": [49, 228]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075558-0018-0000", "contents": "1957\u201358 NHL season, Player statistics, Scoring leaders\nNote: GP = Games played, G = Goals, A = Assists, PTS = Points, PIM = Penalties in minutes", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 18], "section_span": [20, 54], "content_span": [55, 144]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075558-0019-0000", "contents": "1957\u201358 NHL season, Player statistics, Leading goaltenders\nNote: GP = Games played; Min \u2013 Minutes Played; GA = Goals Against; GAA = Goals Against Average; W = Wins; L = Losses; T = Ties; SO = Shutouts", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 18], "section_span": [20, 58], "content_span": [59, 200]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075558-0020-0000", "contents": "1957\u201358 NHL season, Debuts\nThe following is a list of players of note who played their first NHL game in 1957\u201358 (listed with their first team, asterisk(*) marks debut in playoffs):", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 18], "section_span": [20, 26], "content_span": [27, 181]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075558-0021-0000", "contents": "1957\u201358 NHL season, Last games\nThe following is a list of players of note who played their last game in the NHL in 1957\u201358 (listed with their last team):", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 18], "section_span": [20, 30], "content_span": [31, 153]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075559-0000-0000", "contents": "1957\u201358 NK Dinamo Zagreb season\nThe 1957\u201358 season was Dinamo Zagreb's twelfth season in the Yugoslav First League. They finished 1st in the league, winning their third league title, with four points ahead of runners-up Partizan.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [31, 31], "content_span": [32, 229]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075560-0000-0000", "contents": "1957\u201358 National Football League (Ireland)\nThe 1957\u201358 National Football League was the 27th staging of the National Football League (NFL), an annual Gaelic football tournament for the Gaelic Athletic Association county teams of Ireland.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 42], "section_span": [42, 42], "content_span": [43, 237]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075560-0001-0000", "contents": "1957\u201358 National Football League (Ireland)\nDublin beat Kildare's \"All-Whites\" (the name Lilywhites came later) by five points in the final. The game was level when Dublin scored a controversial goal with five minutes remaining.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 42], "section_span": [42, 42], "content_span": [43, 227]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075561-0000-0000", "contents": "1957\u201358 National Hurling League\nThis is the current revision of this page, as edited by CorkMan (talk | contribs) at 19:23, 19 March 2020 (\u2192\u200eKnock-out stage). The present address (URL) is a permanent link to this version.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [31, 31], "content_span": [32, 221]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075561-0001-0000", "contents": "1957\u201358 National Hurling League\nThe 1957\u201358 National Hurling League was the 27th season of the National Hurling League.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [31, 31], "content_span": [32, 119]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075561-0002-0000", "contents": "1957\u201358 National Hurling League, Division 1\nTipperary came into the season as defending champions of the 1956-57 season. Kerry and Limerick entered Division 1 as the promoted team from the previous season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 43], "content_span": [44, 205]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075561-0003-0000", "contents": "1957\u201358 National Hurling League, Division 1\nOn 11 May 1958, Wexford won the title following a 5-7 to 4-8 win over Limerick in the final. It was their second league title overall and their first since 1955-56.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 43], "content_span": [44, 208]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075562-0000-0000", "contents": "1957\u201358 Nationalliga A, Overview\nIt was contested by 14 teams, and BSC Young Boys won the championship.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [24, 32], "content_span": [33, 103]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075563-0000-0000", "contents": "1957\u201358 Nationalliga A season\nThe 1957\u201358 Nationalliga A season was the 20th season of the Nationalliga A, the top level of ice hockey in Switzerland. Eight teams participated in the league, and HC Davos won the championship.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [29, 29], "content_span": [30, 225]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075564-0000-0000", "contents": "1957\u201358 Nemzeti Bajnoks\u00e1g I, Overview\nIt was contested by 14 teams, and MTK Hung\u00e1ria FC won the championship.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 37], "content_span": [38, 109]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075565-0000-0000", "contents": "1957\u201358 New York Knicks season\nThe 1957\u201358 New York Knicks season was the 12th season for the team in the National Basketball Association (NBA). With a 35\u201337 regular season record, the Knicks did not qualify for the 1958 NBA Playoffs.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [30, 30], "content_span": [31, 234]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075565-0001-0000", "contents": "1957\u201358 New York Knicks season, NBA Draft\nNote: This is not an extensive list; it only covers the first and second rounds, and any other players picked by the franchise that played at least one game in the league.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 41], "content_span": [42, 213]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075566-0000-0000", "contents": "1957\u201358 New York Rangers season\nThe 1957\u201358 New York Rangers season was the 32nd season for the team in the National Hockey League (NHL). The Rangers finished the regular season with 77 points, a total that placed them second in the NHL. New York qualified for the Stanley Cup playoffs, but lost to the Boston Bruins in the semi-finals.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [31, 31], "content_span": [32, 336]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075566-0001-0000", "contents": "1957\u201358 New York Rangers season, Player statistics\n\u2020Denotes player spent time with another team before joining Rangers. Stats reflect time with Rangers only. \u2021Traded mid-season. Stats reflect time with Rangers only.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 50], "content_span": [51, 215]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075567-0000-0000", "contents": "1957\u201358 Newport County A.F.C. season\nThe 1957\u201358 season was Newport County's 30th season in the Football League and the last season in the Third Division South before the regional third divisions were consolidated into new Third and Fourth Divisions. County's 11th-place finish qualified them for next season's Third Division.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [36, 36], "content_span": [37, 326]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075567-0001-0000", "contents": "1957\u201358 Newport County A.F.C. season, League table\nP = Matches played; W = Matches won; D = Matches drawn; L = Matches lost; F = Goals for; A = Goals against; GA = Goal average; Pts = Points", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 50], "content_span": [51, 190]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075568-0000-0000", "contents": "1957\u201358 Northern Football League\nThe 1957\u201358 Northern Football League season was the 60th in the history of the Northern Football League, a football competition in Northern England.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [32, 32], "content_span": [33, 181]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075568-0001-0000", "contents": "1957\u201358 Northern Football League, Clubs\nThe league featured 14 clubs which competed in the last season, no new clubs joined the league this season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 39], "content_span": [40, 147]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075569-0000-0000", "contents": "1957\u201358 Northern Rugby Football League season\nThe 1957\u201358 Northern Rugby Football League season was the 63rd season of rugby league football.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 45], "section_span": [45, 45], "content_span": [46, 141]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075569-0001-0000", "contents": "1957\u201358 Northern Rugby Football League season, Season summary\nHull F.C. won their fifth Championship when they beat Workington Town 20\u20133 in the play-off final. Oldham had finished the regular season as the league leaders.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 45], "section_span": [47, 61], "content_span": [62, 221]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075569-0002-0000", "contents": "1957\u201358 Northern Rugby Football League season, Season summary\nThe Challenge Cup winners were Wigan who beat Workington Town 13\u20139 in the final.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 45], "section_span": [47, 61], "content_span": [62, 142]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075569-0003-0000", "contents": "1957\u201358 Northern Rugby Football League season, Season summary\nOldham won the Lancashire League, and Halifax won the Yorkshire League. Oldham beat Wigan 13\u20138 to win the Lancashire County Cup, and Huddersfield beat York 15\u20138 to win the Yorkshire County Cup.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 45], "section_span": [47, 61], "content_span": [62, 255]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075569-0004-0000", "contents": "1957\u201358 Northern Rugby Football League season, Challenge Cup\nWigan reached the final by beating Whitehaven 39\u201310 at home in the first round; Wakefield Trinity 11\u20135 away in the second round; Oldham 8\u20130 away in the quarter -finals and Rochdale Hornets 5\u20133 in the semi-final played at Station Road, Swinton. Captained by Eric Ashton, Wigan then beat Workington Town 13\u20139 in the Challenge Cup Final played at Wembley Stadium before a crowd of 66,109, with tries from Barton, McTigue and Sullivan and two goals from Cunliffe.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 45], "section_span": [47, 60], "content_span": [61, 520]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075569-0005-0000", "contents": "1957\u201358 Northern Rugby Football League season, Challenge Cup\nThis was Wigan\u2019s fifth Cup Final win in nine Final appearances. To date, this was Workington Town's last appearance in the Challenge Cup Final. Rees Thomas, Wigan's scrum half back won the Lance Todd Trophy for his man-of-the-match performance.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 45], "section_span": [47, 60], "content_span": [61, 305]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075570-0000-0000", "contents": "1957\u201358 Norwegian 1. Divisjon season\nThe 1957\u201358 Norwegian 1. Divisjon season was the 19th season of ice hockey in Norway. Eight teams participated in the league, and Gamlebyen won the championship.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [36, 36], "content_span": [37, 198]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075571-0000-0000", "contents": "1957\u201358 Norwegian Main League\nThe 1957\u20131958 Hovedserien was the 14th completed season of top division football in Norway.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [29, 29], "content_span": [30, 121]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075571-0001-0000", "contents": "1957\u201358 Norwegian Main League, Overview\nIt was contested by 16 teams, and Viking won the championship, their first league title.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 39], "content_span": [40, 128]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075572-0000-0000", "contents": "1957\u201358 OB I bajnoksag season\nThe 1957\u201358 OB I bajnoks\u00e1g season was the 21st season of the OB I bajnoks\u00e1g, the top level of ice hockey in Hungary. Five teams participated in the league, and Ujpesti Dozsa SC won the championship.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [29, 29], "content_span": [30, 228]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075573-0000-0000", "contents": "1957\u201358 Oberliga\nThe 1957\u201358 Oberliga  was the thirteenth season of the Oberliga, the first tier of the football league system in West Germany. The league operated in five regional divisions, Berlin, North, South, Southwest and West. The five league champions and the runners-up from the west, south, southwest and north then entered the 1959 German football championship which was won by FC Schalke 04. It was Schalke's seventh and last national championship and its first since 1942.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 16], "section_span": [16, 16], "content_span": [17, 485]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075573-0001-0000", "contents": "1957\u201358 Oberliga\nA similar-named league, the DDR-Oberliga, existed in East Germany, set at the first tier of the East German football league system. The 1958 DDR-Oberliga was won by ASK Vorw\u00e4rts Berlin.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 16], "section_span": [16, 16], "content_span": [17, 202]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075573-0002-0000", "contents": "1957\u201358 Oberliga, Oberliga Nord\nThe 1957\u201358 season saw two new clubs in the league, Ph\u00f6nix L\u00fcbeck and VfB L\u00fcbeck, both promoted from the Amateurliga. The league's top scorer was Werner Thamm of Eintracht Braunschweig with 23 goals.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 16], "section_span": [18, 31], "content_span": [32, 231]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075573-0003-0000", "contents": "1957\u201358 Oberliga, Oberliga Berlin\nThe 1957\u201358 season saw two new clubs in the league, Alemannia 90 Berlin and Wacker 04 Berlin, both promoted from the Amateurliga Berlin. The league's top scorer was Dieter Bl\u00fcmchen of Viktoria 89 Berlin with 19 goals.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 16], "section_span": [18, 33], "content_span": [34, 251]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075573-0004-0000", "contents": "1957\u201358 Oberliga, Oberliga West\nThe 1957\u201358 season saw two new clubs in the league, Sportfreunde Hamborn and Rot-Wei\u00df Oberhausen, both promoted from the 2. Oberliga West. The league's top scorer was Alfred Kelbassa of Borussia Dortmund with 24 goals.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 16], "section_span": [18, 31], "content_span": [32, 250]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075573-0005-0000", "contents": "1957\u201358 Oberliga, Oberliga S\u00fcdwest\nThe 1957\u201358 season saw two new clubs in the league, SV St. Ingbert and TuRa Ludwigshafen, both promoted from the 2. Oberliga S\u00fcdwest. The league's top scorer was Friedel Trapp of TuRa Ludwigshafen with 29 goals, the highest total for any scorer in the five Oberligas in 1957\u201358.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 16], "section_span": [18, 34], "content_span": [35, 313]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075573-0006-0000", "contents": "1957\u201358 Oberliga, Oberliga S\u00fcd\nThe 1957\u201358 season saw two new clubs in the league, TSV 1860 M\u00fcnchen and SSV Reutlingen, both promoted from the 2. Oberliga S\u00fcd. The league's top scorer was Siegfried Gast of Kickers Offenbach with 20 goals.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 16], "section_span": [18, 30], "content_span": [31, 238]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075573-0007-0000", "contents": "1957\u201358 Oberliga, German championship\nThe 1958 German football championship was contested by the nine qualified Oberliga teams and won by FC Schalke 04, defeating Hamburger SV in the final. The runners-up of the Oberliga West and S\u00fcdwest played a pre-qualifying match which had to be replayed as it originally ended in a three-all draw after extra time. The remaining eight clubs then played a single round of matches at neutral grounds in two groups of four. The two group winners then advanced to the final.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 16], "section_span": [18, 37], "content_span": [38, 509]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075574-0000-0000", "contents": "1957\u201358 Oberliga (ice hockey) season\nThe 1957-58 Oberliga season was the 10th season of the Oberliga, the top level of ice hockey in Germany. The Oberliga was replaced by the Ice hockey Bundesliga as the top-level league for 1958\u201359. The Oberliga became the second level of German ice hockey. 12 teams participated in the league, and EV F\u00fcssen won the championship. Preu\u00dfen Krefeld won the DEV-Pokal.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [36, 36], "content_span": [37, 400]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075575-0000-0000", "contents": "1957\u201358 Panhellenic Championship\nThe  1957\u201358 Panhellenic Championship was the 22nd season of the highest football league of Greece. Olympiacos won their 14th championship (5 consecutive) after an interesting race with AEK Athens and Panathinaikos. Compared to the previous season, the teams that participated in the final phase of the championship increased by 2 (12 out of 10) and resulted as follows:", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [32, 32], "content_span": [33, 403]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075575-0001-0000", "contents": "1957\u201358 Panhellenic Championship\nThe qualifying round matches took place from 22 September 1957 to 15 January 1958, while the final phase took place from 19 January to 23 July 1958. The point system was: Win: 3 points - Draw: 2 points - Loss: 1 point.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [32, 32], "content_span": [33, 251]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075576-0000-0000", "contents": "1957\u201358 Philadelphia Warriors season\nThe 1957\u201358 NBA season was the Warriors' 12th season in the NBA.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [36, 36], "content_span": [37, 101]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075577-0000-0000", "contents": "1957\u201358 Polska Liga Hokejowa season\nThe 1957\u201358 Polska Liga Hokejowa season was the 23rd season of the Polska Liga Hokejowa, the top level of ice hockey in Poland. Seven teams participated in the league, and Gornik Katowice won the championship.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [35, 35], "content_span": [36, 245]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075578-0000-0000", "contents": "1957\u201358 Port Vale F.C. season\nThe 1957\u201358 season was Port Vale's 46th season of football in the English Football League, and their first full season (eighth overall) back in the Third Division South following their relegation from the Second Division. An unusual season, the regional split was to be abolished at the season's end, meaning the bottom two clubs of the Second Division and the clubs placed 2nd to 12th in the Third Division North and the Third Division South would be the founder members of the Third Division.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [29, 29], "content_span": [30, 524]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075578-0000-0001", "contents": "1957\u201358 Port Vale F.C. season\nIt also meant that the bottom twelve clubs of the Third Division North and the Third Division South would be the founder members of the Fourth Division. In effect, the team's performance in this season could see them placed in either the second, third or fourth tier the following season. Finishing in fifteenth, what would have otherwise been a mid-table finish of little consequence saw them relegated to the Fourth Division.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [29, 29], "content_span": [30, 457]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075578-0001-0000", "contents": "1957\u201358 Port Vale F.C. season, Overview, Third Division South\nThe pre-season saw manager Norman Low sign a number of young new players to replace those released at the end of the previous season, saying his team would 'fight like hell to get back into the Second Division'. Four of these signings were: impressive forward Jack Wilkinson (Sheffield United); Welsh international goalkeeper Keith Jones (signed from Aston Villa for \u00a33,500); defender Bert Carberry (Gillingham); and Alan Martin \u2013 who returned to the club as a part-time professional.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 61], "content_span": [62, 546]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075578-0002-0000", "contents": "1957\u201358 Port Vale F.C. season, Overview, Third Division South\nThe season opened with a 1\u20130 win over Aldershot at the Recreation Ground. This started a sequence of just four defeats in seventeen games, which included doing the double over Southampton (a 3\u20130 win at The Dell followed by a 4\u20130 win at Vale Park). This was achieved with Low's attacking policy, a stark contract to 'the Steele Curtain' defence. However their five clean sheets in their first eight games also illustrated their defensive strength. In September, right-half Selwyn Whalley turned part-time, dividing his duties between playing football and teaching at Hanley High School.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 61], "content_span": [62, 647]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075578-0002-0001", "contents": "1957\u201358 Port Vale F.C. season, Overview, Third Division South\nWinger Alan Bennett was also transferred to Crewe Alexandra. By November, Vale were third in the league, and Low signed Bert Carberry and Jack Wilkinson. Following this top-scorer Stan Steele went off the boil, as the Vale lost their form in the Christmas period, losing 1\u20130 twice to Coventry City in two days. Though before this a 6\u20131 victory was recorded over Aldershot.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 61], "content_span": [62, 434]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075578-0003-0000", "contents": "1957\u201358 Port Vale F.C. season, Overview, Third Division South\nIn January, Ken Griffiths was sold to Mansfield Town for a four-figure fee, having mostly languished in the reserves. By February, Vale were in seventh position, only four points off top spot (with three games in hand) despite their loss of form. Four straight defeats dragged them down towards the bottom half of the table. They bought former Wales international Noel Kinsey from Birmingham City for \u00a35,000 in an attempt to bolster their form. He helped the club achieve a 5\u20130 win over Watford on 8 March, scoring two goals. Though as injuries developed the club's form again declined, and the team lost eight of their final twelve games. Two points from their final six games doomed them to the fourth tier.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 61], "content_span": [62, 771]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075578-0004-0000", "contents": "1957\u201358 Port Vale F.C. season, Overview, Third Division South\nThey finished in fifteenth position with 42 points from 46 games. Five points away from the top half of the table, their 'remarkable decline' continued with a second relegation in two years. Their 58 goals conceded was a respectable total, as was their 67 goals scored. Stan Steele, Jack Wilkinson, and Harry Poole all proved themselves consistent goalscorers, scoring 22, 19, and 16 goals respectively.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 61], "content_span": [62, 465]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075578-0005-0000", "contents": "1957\u201358 Port Vale F.C. season, Overview, Finances\nOn the financial side, a decline in average attendance by around 3,500 left the club with an average gate of 10,457. Gate receipts were down to \u00a333,800, however a small staff helped to make a profit of \u00a3145 despite player wages rising to \u00a324,158. Five players were released in the summer, most notably Bert Carberry (Exeter City) and Bill Cleary (King's Lynn). Low also sold Colin Askey to Walsall for 'a fairly substantial fee' and Basil Hayward to Portsmouth for 'a fair fee'.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 49], "content_span": [50, 528]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075578-0006-0000", "contents": "1957\u201358 Port Vale F.C. season, Overview, Cup competitions\nIn the FA Cup, Vale narrowly defeated Shrewsbury Town with two goals from Wilkinson. Third Division North Hull City knocked the Vale out in the Second Round however, winning the replay 4\u20133 at Boothferry Park.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 57], "content_span": [58, 266]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075579-0000-0000", "contents": "1957\u201358 Primeira Divis\u00e3o, Overview\nIt was contested by 14 teams, and Sporting Clube de Portugal won the championship.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 34], "content_span": [35, 117]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075580-0000-0000", "contents": "1957\u201358 Quaid-e-Azam Trophy\nThe 1957\u201358 Quaid-e-Azam Trophy was the fourth edition of the Quaid-e-Azam Trophy, the domestic first-class cricket competition in Pakistan.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [27, 27], "content_span": [28, 168]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075580-0001-0000", "contents": "1957\u201358 Quaid-e-Azam Trophy\nMatches in the competition were played from 11 October 1957 to 16 March 1958, with the group stage matches played over three days, the semi-finals over four days, and the final over five days.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [27, 27], "content_span": [28, 220]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075580-0002-0000", "contents": "1957\u201358 Quaid-e-Azam Trophy\nIn the final, Bahawalpur defeated Karachi C by 211 runs, claiming their second title. Two Bahawalpur players, Iqbal Chaudhri and Israr Ali, led the competition in runs and wickets, respectively.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [27, 27], "content_span": [28, 222]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075580-0003-0000", "contents": "1957\u201358 Quaid-e-Azam Trophy, Group stage\nThe winner of each zone, marked in bold, qualified for the semi-finals.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 40], "content_span": [41, 112]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075580-0004-0000", "contents": "1957\u201358 Quaid-e-Azam Trophy, Group stage\nPosition determined by total points; matches finishing in a draw or a tie were decided on first innings scores, with points awarded as follows:", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 40], "content_span": [41, 184]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075580-0005-0000", "contents": "1957\u201358 Quaid-e-Azam Trophy, Statistics, Most runs\nThe top five run-scorers are included in this table, listed by runs scored and then by batting average.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 50], "content_span": [51, 154]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075580-0006-0000", "contents": "1957\u201358 Quaid-e-Azam Trophy, Statistics, Most wickets\nThe top five wicket-takers are listed in this table, listed by wickets taken and then by bowling average.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 53], "content_span": [54, 159]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075581-0000-0000", "contents": "1957\u201358 Rangers F.C. season\nThe 1957\u201358 season is the 78th season of competitive football by Rangers.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [27, 27], "content_span": [28, 101]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075581-0001-0000", "contents": "1957\u201358 Rangers F.C. season, Overview\nRangers played a total of 54 competitive matches during the 1957\u201358 season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 37], "content_span": [38, 113]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075582-0000-0000", "contents": "1957\u201358 Ranji Trophy\nThe 1957\u201358 Ranji Trophy was the 24th season of the Ranji Trophy. Baroda won the title defeating Services in the final. Vidarbha made their debut in the competition.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [20, 20], "content_span": [21, 186]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075583-0000-0000", "contents": "1957\u201358 Real Madrid CF season\nThe 1957\u201358 season was Real Madrid Club de F\u00fatbol's 55th season in existence and the club's 27th consecutive season in the top flight of Spanish football.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [29, 29], "content_span": [30, 184]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075583-0001-0000", "contents": "1957\u201358 Real Madrid CF season, Summary\nThe club signed 1955\u201356 French league champion manager Luis Carniglia as its new head coach.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 38], "content_span": [39, 131]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075583-0002-0000", "contents": "1957\u201358 Real Madrid CF season, Summary\nNew arrivals for the team were goalkeeper Rogelio Dom\u00ednguez, a champion with Argentina at the 1957 Copa Am\u00e9rica, and from Nacional de Montevideo Uruguayan defender Jos\u00e9 Emilio Santamar\u00eda, who played at the 1954 FIFA World Cup and brought attention due to his style of play.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 38], "content_span": [39, 312]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075583-0002-0001", "contents": "1957\u201358 Real Madrid CF season, Summary\nThese two signings were crucial to boost the defense of the team with an impressive 26 goals conceded during 30 matches in the Spanish league, helping also the offensive line wherein Alfredo Di St\u00e9fano and his 19 goals clinched another league top scorer trophy, this time tied with Manuel Badenes (Real Valladolid) and Ricardo Al\u00f3s (Valencia) .", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 38], "content_span": [39, 383]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075583-0003-0000", "contents": "1957\u201358 Real Madrid CF season, Summary\nThe team, with an excellent balance in defense and offense, won its sixth Spanish league title, finishing 3 points above Atl\u00e9tico Madrid despite a bad row of results during winter. Also, the squad clinched its third consecutive European Cup defeating A.C. Milan 3\u20132 after extra time at Heysel.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 38], "content_span": [39, 332]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075583-0004-0000", "contents": "1957\u201358 Real Madrid CF season, Summary\nIn the Copa del General\u00edsimo, the squad reached another final, and were defeated this time by Athletic Bilbao 0\u20132.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 38], "content_span": [39, 153]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075583-0005-0000", "contents": "1957\u201358 Real Madrid CF season, Squad\nNote: Flags indicate national team as defined under FIFA eligibility rules. Players may hold more than one non-FIFA nationality.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 36], "content_span": [37, 165]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075584-0000-0000", "contents": "1957\u201358 Rheinlandliga\nThe 1957\u201358 Rheinlandliga was the sixth season of the highest amateur class of the Rhineland Football Association under the name of 1. Amateurliga Rheinland. It was a predecessor of today's Rheinlandliga. It was the second season in which the league played with two game divisions, East and West. The Rhineland champion was determined through a game between the division champions.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [21, 21], "content_span": [22, 403]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075584-0001-0000", "contents": "1957\u201358 Rheinlandliga\nThe 1. Amateurliga was below II. Division Southwest until 1963 and therefore the third-class in the hierarchy. In the seasons 1956\u201357 to 1962\u201363 the league was played in two divisions (East and West). The two division champions played to determine the Rhineland champion. With the introduction of the regional league Southwest as second highest class, starting in the 1963\u201364 season, the Amateur league Rheinland was again combined into one division.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [21, 21], "content_span": [22, 472]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075584-0001-0001", "contents": "1957\u201358 Rheinlandliga\nBeginning in the 1974\u201375 season, the league played a role as a sub-team to the newly introduced 2. Bundesliga, where the Rhineland champion played in a relegation against the champion of the Verbandsliga S\u00fcdwest and the Saarlandliga, for a position in the south divisions of the 2. Bundesliga. Starting from the 1978\u201379 season, the Oberliga Rheinland-Pfalz/Saar was introduced as the highest amateur class and this class was renamed to the \"Verbandsliga Rheinland\" and since then only fourth class.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [21, 21], "content_span": [22, 520]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075584-0002-0000", "contents": "1957\u201358 Rheinlandliga, Results\nRhineland champion was the winner of the East division, Sportfreunde Herdorf, after a victory over the West division champion TuS Mayen. During the subsequent rise to the II. Division Southwest, Herdorfe was not successful and had to remain in the amateur league. At the end of this season, SC Eitelborn, VfL Bad Ems, SV Ehrang and Fortuna Kottenheim had to move down to the 2. Amateur league.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [23, 30], "content_span": [31, 424]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075584-0003-0000", "contents": "1957\u201358 Rheinlandliga, Results\nFor the following season 1958-59, promoted from the 2. Amateur league were:", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [23, 30], "content_span": [31, 106]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075584-0004-0000", "contents": "1957\u201358 Rheinlandliga, Results\nFor the following season 1958-59, teams that descended from the II.Division were:", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [23, 30], "content_span": [31, 112]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075584-0005-0000", "contents": "1957\u201358 Rheinlandliga, Results\nSpVgg Bendorf, FC Urbar, Eintracht H\u00f6hr-Grenzhausen and SSV Heimbach-Weis switched to the West division after the season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [23, 30], "content_span": [31, 152]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075584-0006-0000", "contents": "1957\u201358 Rheinlandliga, Results\nSV Neuwied, SpVgg Andernach Amat., SC Sinzig and SC 07 Bad Neuenahr switched to the East division after the season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [23, 30], "content_span": [31, 146]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075585-0000-0000", "contents": "1957\u201358 Rochdale A.F.C. season\nThe 1957\u201358 season saw Rochdale compete for their 30th season in the Football League Third Division North.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [30, 30], "content_span": [31, 137]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075586-0000-0000", "contents": "1957\u201358 Romanian Hockey League season\nThe 1957\u201358 Romanian Hockey League season was the 28th season of the Romanian Hockey League. Four teams participated in the league, and CCA Bucuresti won the championship.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [37, 37], "content_span": [38, 209]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075587-0000-0000", "contents": "1957\u201358 Rugby Union County Championship\nThe 1957\u201358 Rugby Union County Championship was the 58th edition of England's premier rugby union club competition at the time.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [39, 39], "content_span": [40, 167]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075587-0001-0000", "contents": "1957\u201358 Rugby Union County Championship\nWarwickshire won the competition for the second time after defeating Cornwall in the final.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [39, 39], "content_span": [40, 131]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075588-0000-0000", "contents": "1957\u201358 SK Rapid Wien season\nThe 1957\u201358 SK Rapid Wien season was the 60th season in club history.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [28, 28], "content_span": [29, 98]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075589-0000-0000", "contents": "1957\u201358 SM-sarja season\nThe 1957\u201358 SM-sarja season was the 27th season of the SM-sarja, the top level of ice hockey in Finland. 10 teams participated in the league, and Ilves Tampere won the championship.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [23, 23], "content_span": [24, 205]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075590-0000-0000", "contents": "1957\u201358 Scottish Cup\nThe 1957\u201358 Scottish Cup was the 73rd staging of Scotland's most prestigious football knockout competition. The Cup was won by Clyde who defeated Hibernian in the final.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [20, 20], "content_span": [21, 190]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075591-0000-0000", "contents": "1957\u201358 Scottish Division One\nThe 1957\u201358 Scottish Division One was won by Heart of Midlothian, who scored a record number of goals in a single season and became the only club to have a goal difference exceeding 100. East Fife and Queen's Park finished 17th and 18th respectively and were relegated to the 1958\u201359 Scottish Division Two.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [29, 29], "content_span": [30, 336]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075592-0000-0000", "contents": "1957\u201358 Scottish Division Two\nThe 1957\u201358 Scottish Second Division was won by Stirling Albion who, along with second placed Dunfermline Athletic, were promoted to the First Division. Berwick Rangers finished bottom.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [29, 29], "content_span": [30, 215]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075594-0000-0000", "contents": "1957\u201358 Scottish Inter-District Championship\nThe 1957\u201358 Scottish Inter-District Championship was a  rugby union competition for Scotland's district teams.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [44, 44], "content_span": [45, 155]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075594-0001-0000", "contents": "1957\u201358 Scottish Inter-District Championship\nSouth and Edinburgh District won the competition with two wins and a draw each.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [44, 44], "content_span": [45, 124]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075595-0000-0000", "contents": "1957\u201358 Scottish League Cup\nThe 1957\u201358 Scottish League Cup was the 12th season of Scotland's second football knockout competition. The competition was won Celtic, who defeated Rangers in the Final.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [27, 27], "content_span": [28, 198]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075596-0000-0000", "contents": "1957\u201358 Seattle Chieftains men's basketball team\nThe 1957\u201358 Seattle Chieftains men's basketball team (now known as Redhawks) represented Seattle University during the 1957\u201358 NCAA University Division men's basketball season. Led by future top draft pick Elgin Baylor, Seattle was the runner-up in the NCAA Tournament, falling to Kentucky in the finals in Louisville, Kentucky.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 48], "section_span": [48, 48], "content_span": [49, 377]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075596-0001-0000", "contents": "1957\u201358 Seattle Chieftains men's basketball team, NCAA Tournament, NCAA Championship\nThe NCAA Final Four was played at Freedom Hall in Louisville, Kentucky. Seattle had an integrated team, and played in front of an all-white crowd of 18,803. Elgin Baylor was the nation's second-best scorer (32.5) behind Cincinnati's Oscar Robertson. The Chieftains led Kentucky by 11 points in the first half, and were leading 60\u201358, with seven minutes in the game. Seattle lost the game 84\u201372, for a 23\u20136 season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 48], "section_span": [50, 84], "content_span": [85, 498]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075596-0002-0000", "contents": "1957\u201358 Seattle Chieftains men's basketball team, NCAA Tournament, NCAA Championship\nAfter the championship game, Baylor hinted that he might return for his senior season. Castellani had two recruits with him from the South Bend area, forwards Don Piasecki and Don Ogorek. The Chieftains also added a transfer from Indiana, guard Charlie Brown. The feeling was that the team would have a bright future.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 48], "section_span": [50, 84], "content_span": [85, 402]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075597-0000-0000", "contents": "1957\u201358 Segunda Divisi\u00f3n\nThe 1957\u201358 Segunda Divisi\u00f3n season was the 27th since its establishment and was played between 15 September 1957 and 1 June 1958.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [24, 24], "content_span": [25, 155]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075597-0001-0000", "contents": "1957\u201358 Segunda Divisi\u00f3n, Overview before the season\n36 teams joined the league, including two relegated from the 1956\u201357 La Liga and 4 promoted from the 1956\u201357 Tercera Divisi\u00f3n.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 52], "content_span": [53, 179]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075598-0000-0000", "contents": "1957\u201358 Serie A, Teams\nHellas Verona and Alessandria had been promoted from Serie B.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 15], "section_span": [17, 22], "content_span": [23, 84]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075598-0001-0000", "contents": "1957\u201358 Serie A, Final classification\nThis season was influenced by the Belfast disaster. Following the defeat of the Italian national football team by Northern Ireland, the sole elimination of Italy from the FIFA World Cup before 2018, the Italian government appointed a commissioner to the FIGC. A reduction of the Serie A to 16 clubs was imposed, with a single promotion from the Serie B and three relegations, but the Football League disagreed.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 15], "section_span": [17, 37], "content_span": [38, 448]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075598-0001-0001", "contents": "1957\u201358 Serie A, Final classification\nThe League won the dispute, and the reduction was annulled establishing a playoff between the 17th in Serie A and the 2nd in Serie B. In the meantime, Atalanta was ranked last for a corruption case: the Bergamo club was later accomplished by a judge, but for equity the ordinary, original regulation with two relegations was restored.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 15], "section_span": [17, 37], "content_span": [38, 372]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075598-0002-0000", "contents": "1957\u201358 Serie A, Final classification\nInter and Roma were invited to the 1958\u201360 Inter-Cities Fairs Cup.SS Lazio was the cupwinner.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 15], "section_span": [17, 37], "content_span": [38, 131]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075598-0003-0000", "contents": "1957\u201358 Serie A, Serie A qualification\nHellas Verona had to play two qualification matches against the team that ranked second in Serie B.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 15], "section_span": [17, 38], "content_span": [39, 138]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075599-0000-0000", "contents": "1957\u201358 Serie A (ice hockey) season\nThe 1957\u201358 Serie A season was the 24th season of the Serie A, the top level of ice hockey in Italy. Six teams participated in the league, and Milan-Inter HC won the championship.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [35, 35], "content_span": [36, 215]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075600-0000-0000", "contents": "1957\u201358 Serie B\nThe Serie B 1957\u201358 was the twenty-sixth tournament of this competition played in Italy since its creation.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 15], "section_span": [15, 15], "content_span": [16, 123]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075600-0001-0000", "contents": "1957\u201358 Serie B, Teams\nPrato and Lecco had been promoted from Serie C, while Triestina and Palermo had been relegated from Serie A.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 15], "section_span": [17, 22], "content_span": [23, 131]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075600-0002-0000", "contents": "1957\u201358 Serie B, Events\nThis season had no relegation in order to expand the number of participants from 18 to 20. Moreover, Bari, the second ranked team, had to play a qualification match with Verona, that ranked 17th in 1957\u201358 Serie A.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 15], "section_span": [17, 23], "content_span": [24, 238]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075600-0003-0000", "contents": "1957\u201358 Serie B, Serie A qualification play-off\nBari had to play a qualification match against the team that ranked 17th in Serie A.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 15], "section_span": [17, 47], "content_span": [48, 132]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075601-0000-0000", "contents": "1957\u201358 Serie C\nThe 1957\u201358 Serie C was the twentieth edition of Serie C, the third highest league in the Italian football league system. There were no relegations in order to expand and create two geographic groups. The expansion was needed to reduce the costs of away matches.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 15], "section_span": [15, 15], "content_span": [16, 278]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075602-0000-0000", "contents": "1957\u201358 Sheffield Shield season\nThe 1957\u201358 Sheffield Shield season was the 56th season of the Sheffield Shield, the domestic first-class cricket competition of Australia. New South Wales won the championship for the fifth consecutive year.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [31, 31], "content_span": [32, 240]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075603-0000-0000", "contents": "1957\u201358 Southern Football League\nThe 1957\u201358 Southern Football League season was the 55th in the history of the league, an English football competition.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [32, 32], "content_span": [33, 152]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075603-0001-0000", "contents": "1957\u201358 Southern Football League\nAfter Llanelly left the league at the end of the previous season, the league consisted of 21 clubs from previous season plus Poole Town, who were elected from the Western League. Gravesend & Northfleet were champions, winning their first Southern League title. Six Southern League clubs applied to join the Football League at the end of the season, but none were successful.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [32, 32], "content_span": [33, 407]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075603-0002-0000", "contents": "1957\u201358 Southern Football League\nThe following season the league split into two divisions, a North-West Division and a South-East Division, with thirteen new clubs elected to make up the numbers.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [32, 32], "content_span": [33, 195]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075603-0003-0000", "contents": "1957\u201358 Southern Football League, Football League elections\nSix Southern League clubs applied for election to the Football League. However, none were successful as all four League clubs were re-elected.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 59], "content_span": [60, 202]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075604-0000-0000", "contents": "1957\u201358 Soviet League season\nThe 1957\u201358 Soviet Championship League season was the 12th season of the Soviet Championship League, the top level of ice hockey in the Soviet Union. 16 teams participated in the league, and CSK MO Moscow won the championship for the fourth time in five years.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [28, 28], "content_span": [29, 289]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075605-0000-0000", "contents": "1957\u201358 Spartan League\nThe 1957\u201358 Spartan League season was the 40th in the history of Spartan League. The league consisted of 16 teams.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [22, 22], "content_span": [23, 137]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075605-0001-0000", "contents": "1957\u201358 Spartan League, League table\nThe division featured 16 teams, 14 from last season and 2 new teams:", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [24, 36], "content_span": [37, 105]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075606-0000-0000", "contents": "1957\u201358 St. Francis Terriers men's basketball team\nThe 1957\u20131958 St. Francis Terriers men's basketball team represented St. Francis College during the 1957\u201358 NCAA University Division men's basketball season. The team was coached by Daniel Lynch, who was in his tenth year at the helm of the St. Francis Terriers. The team was a member of the Metropolitan New York Conference and played their home games at the II Corps Artillery Armory in Park Slope, Brooklyn.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 50], "section_span": [50, 50], "content_span": [51, 461]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075606-0001-0000", "contents": "1957\u201358 St. Francis Terriers men's basketball team\nThe Terriers finished their season at 14\u20139 overall and 2\u20131 in conference play.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 50], "section_span": [50, 50], "content_span": [51, 129]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075606-0002-0000", "contents": "1957\u201358 St. Francis Terriers men's basketball team\nDuring the season, Lester Yellin became the sixth player to join the Terrier 1,000 point club. It occurred against Pace on February 8, 1958. Yellin went on to become the Terrier head coach from 1969\u201373, taking the reins after Lynch retired. Against Ithaca, Anthony D'Elia also joined the 1,000 point club- he was the fifth member.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 50], "section_span": [50, 50], "content_span": [51, 381]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075606-0003-0000", "contents": "1957\u201358 St. Francis Terriers men's basketball team\nIn the 1958 NBA Draft, senior Alvin Innis was selected with the 40th overall pick by the Minneapolis Lakers. During his senior year, Innis was second in the country with 24.8% rebound percentage.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 50], "section_span": [50, 50], "content_span": [51, 246]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075606-0004-0000", "contents": "1957\u201358 St. Francis Terriers men's basketball team, NBA Draft\nAt the end of the season Alvin Inniss was selected with the 40th overall pick by the Minneapolis Lakers.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 50], "section_span": [52, 61], "content_span": [62, 166]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075607-0000-0000", "contents": "1957\u201358 St. Louis Hawks season\nThe 1957\u201358 St. Louis Hawks season was the third for the franchise in St. Louis, ninth in the National Basketball Association (NBA), and 12th overall. Coming off their trip to the 1957 NBA Finals, the Hawks won the Western Division by 8 games with a record of 41 wins and 31 losses. Bob Pettit ranked 3rd in scoring and 2nd in rebounding. In the Western Finals, the Hawks would beat the Detroit Pistons in 5 games. The Hawks would then face the Boston Celtics in the NBA Finals.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [30, 30], "content_span": [31, 509]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075607-0000-0001", "contents": "1957\u201358 St. Louis Hawks season\nAfter Games 1 and 2,  the teams headed to St. Louis with the series tied at a game apiece. The Hawks took Game 3, as the Celtics lost Bill Russell to an ankle injury. Despite playing without Russell, the Celtics were triumphant in Game 4. The Hawks pulled out a 2-point victory in the Game 5 to take control of the series. Needing one more win for their first NBA Championship, the Hawks beat the Celtics 110\u2013109 in Game 6. Bob Pettit scored 50 points playing against an injured Bill Russell as the Hawks and owner Ben Kerner won their first NBA Title.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [30, 30], "content_span": [31, 583]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075607-0001-0000", "contents": "1957\u201358 St. Louis Hawks season\nThe Hawks were the second St. Louis-based pro sports team to win a major championship, joining the, then, six-time World Series Champion St. Louis Cardinals of Major League Baseball. They would be followed by five more World Series championships by the Cardinals, a championship by the St. Louis (now Los Angeles) Rams in Super Bowl XXXIV, and a championship by the St. Louis Blues in the 2019 Stanley Cup Finals which made St. Louis the eighth city to win a championship in each of the four major U.S. sports. The Hawks were the last non-integrated team to win an NBA title; every NBA champion since has had at least one African-American player.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [30, 30], "content_span": [31, 677]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075608-0000-0000", "contents": "1957\u201358 Stoke City F.C. season\nThe 1957\u201358 season was Stoke City's 51st season in the Football League and the 18th in the Second Division.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [30, 30], "content_span": [31, 138]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075608-0001-0000", "contents": "1957\u201358 Stoke City F.C. season\nThe pressure was now beginning to increase on Frank Taylor with the club gearing up for another season in the second tier. Taylor believed he was building a useful and settled squad however the supporters were starting to get impatient with him. The 1957\u201358 season was again a huge disappointment as after a good first half of the season was followed up by a poor second half and they ended up in 11th position.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [30, 30], "content_span": [31, 442]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075608-0002-0000", "contents": "1957\u201358 Stoke City F.C. season, Season review, League\nPrior to the start of the 1957\u201358 season both George Bourne and John Malkin had to retire from playing due to injury. Despite this the management left the transfer market alone during the summer of 1957 with Frank Taylor saying: I am slowly getting together a useful squad and building a settled side. However the club was still short on forward players with only five available these of Frank Bowyer, Neville Coleman, Johnny King, George Kelly and Harry Oscroft. Yet to their credit these five kept the goals flowing with Kelly top scoring with 24 to his name.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 53], "content_span": [54, 615]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075608-0003-0000", "contents": "1957\u201358 Stoke City F.C. season, Season review, League\nThe 1957\u201358 season again proved to be a big disappointment and whilst until December Stoke were in the top two, they ended up in 11th place with absolutely nothing to show for the early efforts. Taylor did go out and spend \u00a311,000 on Dennis Wilshaw from Wolverhampton Wanderers and long serving Frank Mountford bowed out after eight years and took up a coaching role a position he would keep until 1980.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 53], "content_span": [54, 457]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075608-0004-0000", "contents": "1957\u201358 Stoke City F.C. season, Season review, League\nThe fruits of the club's youth policy were slowly play dividends with the emergence this season of Tony Allen a quality full back who go on to win international honours with England. Peter Bullock also came through the youth team whilst he did not have a very successful career with Stoke he made his debut against Swansea Town at the age of 16 and 163 days old and he scored becoming the club's youngest player and goalscorer.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 53], "content_span": [54, 481]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075608-0005-0000", "contents": "1957\u201358 Stoke City F.C. season, Season review, FA Cup\nStoke made in-roads in the FA Cup overcoming Aston Villa in a 2nd replay and then Middlesbrough to reach the fifth round where they came up against a powerful Bolton Wanderers side who with the help of Nat Lofthouse beat Stoke 3\u20131 as they went on to lift the cup.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 53], "content_span": [54, 317]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075609-0000-0000", "contents": "1957\u201358 Sussex County Football League\nThe 1957\u201358 Sussex County Football League season was the 33nd in the history of the competition.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [37, 37], "content_span": [38, 134]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075609-0001-0000", "contents": "1957\u201358 Sussex County Football League\nDivision 1 remained at sixteen teams and Rye United was promoted from Division 2. Division 2 also remained at fifteen teams from which the winner would be promoted into Division 1.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [37, 37], "content_span": [38, 218]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075609-0002-0000", "contents": "1957\u201358 Sussex County Football League, Division One\nThe division featured 16 clubs, 15 which competed in the last season, along with one new club:", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [39, 51], "content_span": [52, 146]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075609-0003-0000", "contents": "1957\u201358 Sussex County Football League, Division Two\nThe division featured 15 clubs, 13 which competed in the last season, along with two new clubs:", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [39, 51], "content_span": [52, 147]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075610-0000-0000", "contents": "1957\u201358 Swedish Division I season\nThe 1957\u201358 Swedish Division I season was the 14th season of Swedish Division I. Djurgardens IF won the league title by finishing first in the final round.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [33, 33], "content_span": [34, 189]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075611-0000-0000", "contents": "1957\u201358 Swedish football Division 2\nStatistics of Swedish football Division 2 for the 1957\u201358 season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [35, 35], "content_span": [36, 101]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075612-0000-0000", "contents": "1957\u201358 Swedish football Division 3\nStatistics of Swedish football Division 3 for the 1957\u201358 season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [35, 35], "content_span": [36, 101]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075613-0000-0000", "contents": "1957\u201358 Syracuse Nationals season\nThe 1957\u201358 NBA season was the Nationals' 9th season in the NBA.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [33, 33], "content_span": [34, 98]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075614-0000-0000", "contents": "1957\u201358 Tennessee A&I State Tigers basketball team\nThe 1957\u201358 Tennessee A&I State Tigers basketball team represented Tennessee A&I State College (now called Tennessee State University) in National Association of Intercollegiate Athletics (NAIA) men's basketball during the 1957\u201358 season. Coached by fourth-year head coach John McLendon, the Tigers finished the season with a 31\u20133 record and were crowned NAIA national champions by winning the 1958 NAIA Tournament. This marked the second of three consecutive national championships, a feat that no other team at any level of college basketball had previously accomplished. In 2019, all three national championship teams were inducted into the Naismith Memorial Basketball Hall of Fame.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 50], "section_span": [50, 50], "content_span": [51, 737]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075615-0000-0000", "contents": "1957\u201358 Tercera Divisi\u00f3n\nThe 1957\u201358 Tercera Divisi\u00f3n season was the 22nd since its establishment.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [24, 24], "content_span": [25, 98]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075616-0000-0000", "contents": "1957\u201358 Toronto Maple Leafs season\nThe 1957\u201358 Toronto Maple Leafs season was Toronto's 41st season in the National Hockey League (NHL).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [34, 34], "content_span": [35, 136]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075617-0000-0000", "contents": "1957\u201358 Tweede Divisie\nThe Dutch Tweede Divisie in the 1957\u201358 season was contested by 29 teams, one less than in the previous season due to the voluntary return of FC Oss to amateur football. The teams were divided in two groups of fifteen and fourteen teams respectively. Teams could not be relegated to amateur football. ZFC and SC Heracles won the championships.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [22, 22], "content_span": [23, 366]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075618-0000-0000", "contents": "1957\u201358 UCLA Bruins men's basketball team\nThe 1957\u201358 UCLA Bruins men's basketball team represented the University of California, Los Angeles during the 1957\u201358 NCAA University Division men's basketball season and were members of the Pacific Coast Conference. The Bruins were led by tenth year head coach John Wooden. They finished the regular season with a record of 16\u201310 and finished third in the PCC with a record of 10\u20136.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 41], "section_span": [41, 41], "content_span": [42, 426]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075618-0001-0000", "contents": "1957\u201358 UCLA Bruins men's basketball team, Previous season\nThe Bruins finished the regular season with a record of 22\u20134 and finished second in the PCC with a record of 13\u20133.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 41], "section_span": [43, 58], "content_span": [59, 173]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075619-0000-0000", "contents": "1957\u201358 United States network television schedule\nThe following is the 1957\u201358 network television schedule for the four major English language commercial broadcast networks in the United States. The schedule covers primetime hours from September 1957 through March 1958. The schedule is followed by a list per network of returning series, new series, and series cancelled after the 1956\u201357 season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 49], "section_span": [49, 49], "content_span": [50, 397]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075619-0001-0000", "contents": "1957\u201358 United States network television schedule\nAs in previous seasons, both CBS and ABC continued to add Westerns to their schedule, filling prime time with as many \"oaters\" (as they were derisively called) as possible. In addition to several returning Westerns which the network retained on its fall 1957 schedule, ABC's new western series included Sugarfoot and Broken Arrow on Tuesday nights, Tombstone Territory on Wednesdays, Colt .45 on Fridays, and Maverick on Sundays.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 49], "section_span": [49, 49], "content_span": [50, 479]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075619-0002-0000", "contents": "1957\u201358 United States network television schedule\nABC, third in the network Nielsen ratings, placed its new Western Maverick in a difficult time slot: Sunday night against two hit series: The Steve Allen Show on NBC, and The Ed Sullivan Show on CBS. ABC aired Maverick one half-hour prior to the Allen and Sullivan programs; the strategy was designed to \"hook the audience before it fell into its usual viewing habits\".", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 49], "section_span": [49, 49], "content_span": [50, 419]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075619-0003-0000", "contents": "1957\u201358 United States network television schedule\nNBC, late to the Western format, also began plugging Westerns into its fall schedule. New NBC Western series debuting in the 1957\u201358 season included Wagon Train, The Restless Gun, and The Californians (though one NBC executive insisted The Californians is not a Western but a drama set in California in the 1850s).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 49], "section_span": [49, 49], "content_span": [50, 364]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075619-0004-0000", "contents": "1957\u201358 United States network television schedule\nAnother programming shift occurred at NBC: the network's flagship news program, The Huntley-Brinkley Report, moved to the 7:15 PM weekday timeslot, for the first time going head to head against both ABC's and CBS's news programs. The face-off between the three networks' news programs would become the standard model for U.S. broadcast television; the three networks still air their network news programs against one another.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 49], "section_span": [49, 49], "content_span": [50, 475]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075619-0005-0000", "contents": "1957\u201358 United States network television schedule\n1958 saw a number of executive changes at the networks; these presidential shifts would affect the network television schedules. Oliver Treyz became the president of ABC on February 17, Louis G. Cowan became the president of CBS on March 12, and NBC programmer Robert Kintner became the president of NBC on July 11. Dr. Allen B. DuMont resigned as chairman of the board of the DuMont Broadcasting Corporation on May 13, and the name of the company was changed to Metropolitan Broadcasting Corporation.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 49], "section_span": [49, 49], "content_span": [50, 551]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075619-0005-0001", "contents": "1957\u201358 United States network television schedule\nAccording to Castleman and Podrazik (1982) the final DuMont Network program, Monday Night Fights aired for the last time on August 4, 1958, carried on only five stations nationwide. NBC's Kraft Television Theatre, which had debuted in 1947 and was the oldest program still left on television, was cancelled in spring 1958. It was the dawn of a new era in television; producer David Susskind, who had produced KTT at the end, would call 1958 \"the year of the miserable drivel\".", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 49], "section_span": [49, 49], "content_span": [50, 526]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075619-0006-0000", "contents": "1957\u201358 United States network television schedule\nNew fall series are highlighted in bold. Series ending are highlighted in italics", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 49], "section_span": [49, 49], "content_span": [50, 131]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075619-0007-0000", "contents": "1957\u201358 United States network television schedule\nEach of the 30 highest-rated shows is listed with its rank and rating as determined by Nielsen Media Research.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 49], "section_span": [49, 49], "content_span": [50, 160]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075619-0008-0000", "contents": "1957\u201358 United States network television schedule, Sunday\nNote: On CBS, Air Power, narrated by Walter Cronkite, aired from 6:30 to 7:00 p.m. from May 4 to October 19, 1958. It consisted entirely of reruns of the series from the 1956\u20131957 season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 49], "section_span": [51, 57], "content_span": [58, 245]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075619-0009-0000", "contents": "1957\u201358 United States network television schedule, Tuesday\nConfession, with host Jack Wyatt, began as a local program in the Dallas, Texas, market in early 1957. It premiered as a summer replacement on ABC on June 19, 1958, in advance of the 1958\u201359 television season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 49], "section_span": [51, 58], "content_span": [59, 268]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075619-0010-0000", "contents": "1957\u201358 United States network television schedule, Thursday\nFrom January 2 to June 26, 1958, Richard Diamond, Private Detective, starring David Janssen, aired for a second season on the CBS Thursday schedule at 8 p.m. Eastern. It returned to the air for a third season from February to September 1959.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 49], "section_span": [51, 59], "content_span": [60, 301]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075619-0011-0000", "contents": "1957\u201358 United States network television schedule, By network, NTA\nNote: The * indicates that the program was introduced in midseason.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 49], "section_span": [51, 66], "content_span": [67, 134]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075620-0000-0000", "contents": "1957\u201358 United States network television schedule (daytime)\nThe 1957\u201358 daytime network television schedule for the three major English-language commercial broadcast networks in the United States covers the weekday daytime hours from September 1957 to August 1958.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 59], "section_span": [59, 59], "content_span": [60, 264]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075620-0001-0000", "contents": "1957\u201358 United States network television schedule (daytime)\nTalk shows are highlighted in  yellow, local programming is white, reruns of prime-time programming are orange, game shows are pink, soap operas are chartreuse, news programs are gold and all others are light blue. New series are highlighted in bold.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 59], "section_span": [59, 59], "content_span": [60, 310]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075621-0000-0000", "contents": "1957\u201358 United States network television schedule (late night)\nThese are the late night Monday-Friday schedules on all three networks for each calendar season beginning September 1957. All times are Eastern and Pacific.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 62], "section_span": [62, 62], "content_span": [63, 219]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075621-0001-0000", "contents": "1957\u201358 United States network television schedule (late night)\nTalk shows are highlighted in yellow, local programming is white.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 62], "section_span": [62, 62], "content_span": [63, 128]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075622-0000-0000", "contents": "1957\u201358 WHL season\nThe 1957\u201358 WHL season was the sixth season of the Western Hockey League. The Vancouver Canucks were the President's Cup champions as they beat the Calgary Stampeders in four games in the final series.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 18], "section_span": [18, 18], "content_span": [19, 220]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075622-0001-0000", "contents": "1957\u201358 WHL season, Playoffs\nThe Vancouver Canucks win the President's Cup 4 games to 0.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 18], "section_span": [20, 28], "content_span": [29, 88]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075623-0000-0000", "contents": "1957\u201358 WIHL season\n1957\u201358 was the 12th season of the Western International Hockey League.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [19, 19], "content_span": [20, 91]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075623-0001-0000", "contents": "1957\u201358 WIHL season, Playoffs, Semi finals\nSpokane vs. Trail (Best of 7). Spokane Flyers beat Trail Smoke Eaters 4 wins to 3.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [21, 42], "content_span": [43, 125]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075623-0002-0000", "contents": "1957\u201358 WIHL season, Playoffs, Semi finals\nNelson vs. Rossland (Best of 7). Rossland Warriors beat Nelson Maple Leafs 4 wins to 1.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [21, 42], "content_span": [43, 130]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075623-0003-0000", "contents": "1957\u201358 WIHL season, Playoffs, Final\nRossland vs. Spokane (Best of 7). Rossland Warriors beat Spokane Flyers 4 wins to 2.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [21, 36], "content_span": [37, 121]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075623-0004-0000", "contents": "1957\u201358 WIHL season, Playoffs, Final\nRossland Warriors advanced to the 1957-58 British Columbia Senior Playoffs.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [21, 36], "content_span": [37, 112]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075624-0000-0000", "contents": "1957\u201358 Washington Huskies men's basketball team\nThe 1957\u201358 Washington Huskies men's basketball team represented the University of Washington for the 1957\u201358 NCAA college basketball season. Led by eighth-year head coach Tippy Dye, the Huskies were members of the Pacific Coast Conference and played their home games on campus at Hec Edmundson Pavilion in Seattle, Washington.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 48], "section_span": [48, 48], "content_span": [49, 376]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075624-0001-0000", "contents": "1957\u201358 Washington Huskies men's basketball team\nThe Huskies were 8\u201318 overall in the regular season and 5\u201311 in conference play, eighth in the standings.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 48], "section_span": [48, 48], "content_span": [49, 154]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075625-0000-0000", "contents": "1957\u201358 Washington State Cougars men's basketball team\nThe 1957\u201358 Washington State Cougars men's basketball team represented Washington State College for the 1957\u201358 college basketball season. Led by thirtieth-year head coach Jack Friel, the Cougars were members of the Pacific Coast Conference and played their home games on campus at Bohler Gymnasium in Pullman, Washington.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 54], "section_span": [54, 54], "content_span": [55, 377]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075625-0001-0000", "contents": "1957\u201358 Washington State Cougars men's basketball team\nThe Cougars were 7\u201319 overall in the regular season and 3\u201313 in conference play, last in the standings.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 54], "section_span": [54, 54], "content_span": [55, 158]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075626-0000-0000", "contents": "1957\u201358 Welsh Cup\nThe 1957\u201358 FAW Welsh Cup is the 71st season of the annual knockout tournament for competitive football teams in Wales.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [17, 17], "content_span": [18, 137]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075626-0001-0000", "contents": "1957\u201358 Welsh Cup, Fifth round\nTen winners from the Fourth round and six new clubs.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 30], "content_span": [31, 83]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075626-0002-0000", "contents": "1957\u201358 Welsh Cup, Semifinal\nChester and Hereford United played at Wrexham, replay - at Swansea, Caernarfon Town and Wrexham played at Bangor.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 28], "content_span": [29, 142]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075627-0000-0000", "contents": "1957\u201358 West Ham United F.C. season\nThe 1957\u201358 season was West Ham's nineteenth season in the Second Division since their relegation in season 1931\u201332. The club were managed by Ted Fenton and the team captain was Noel Cantwell.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [35, 35], "content_span": [36, 228]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075627-0001-0000", "contents": "1957\u201358 West Ham United F.C. season, Season summary\nThe season started badly for West Ham with only three wins from their first 10 games. However, after September 1957 they lost only three games hitting the first place in the league on 18 January 1958. They were in first place for all but one week until the end of the season as they finished as champions. John Dick was the top scorer with 26 goals in all competitions and 21 in the league. The next highest scorer was Vic Keeble with 24. Dick and Ken Brown made the most appearances; 48 in all competitions. West Ham made the fifth round of the FA Cup before being eliminated 3-2 by Fulham.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 51], "content_span": [52, 643]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075627-0002-0000", "contents": "1957\u201358 West Ham United F.C. season, Season summary\nThe season saw the last West Ham appearance for future football manager Malcolm Allison who had to retire following the removal of a lung after contracting tuberculosis. It also saw the first appearance by 1965 Cup Winners' Cup winner, Joe Kirkup. In this season, West Ham created a player of the season award, the Hammer of the Year award. The first winner was Andy Malcolm. This season also saw the club break its record for the biggest victory. On 8 March 1958 they beat Rotherham United, 8-0 with John Dick scoring four goals.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 51], "content_span": [52, 582]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075627-0003-0000", "contents": "1957\u201358 West Ham United F.C. season, Squad\nNote: Flags indicate national team as defined under FIFA eligibility rules. Players may hold more than one non-FIFA nationality.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 42], "content_span": [43, 171]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075628-0000-0000", "contents": "1957\u201358 West Virginia Mountaineers men's basketball team\nThe 1957\u201358 West Virginia Mountaineers men's basketball team represented West Virginia University in NCAA competition in the 1957\u201358 season. Coached by Fred Schaus and featuring future Hall of Fame guard Jerry West, the Mountaineers, then a member of the Southern Conference, lost in the first round of that year's NCAA tournament to Manhattan.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 56], "section_span": [56, 56], "content_span": [57, 401]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075629-0000-0000", "contents": "1957\u201358 Western Football League\nThe 1957\u201358 season was the 56th in the history of the Western Football League.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [31, 31], "content_span": [32, 110]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075629-0001-0000", "contents": "1957\u201358 Western Football League\nThe champions for the first time in their history were Salisbury, and the winners of Division Two were Poole Town Reserves.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [31, 31], "content_span": [32, 155]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075629-0002-0000", "contents": "1957\u201358 Western Football League, Final tables, Division One\nDivision One remained at nineteen clubs after Wells City were relegated the previous season, Poole Town joined the Southern League, and two clubs joined:", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 59], "content_span": [60, 213]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075629-0003-0000", "contents": "1957\u201358 Western Football League, Final tables, Division Two\nDivision Two remained at eighteen clubs after Cinderford Town and Minehead were promoted to Division One, and two new clubs joined:", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 59], "content_span": [60, 191]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075630-0000-0000", "contents": "1957\u201358 William & Mary Indians men's basketball team\nThe 1957\u201358 William & Mary Indians men's basketball team represented the College of William & Mary in intercollegiate basketball during the 1957\u201358 NCAA University Division men's basketball season. Under the first year of head coach Bill Chambers, the team finished the season 15\u201314, 9\u20139 in the Southern Conference. This was the 53rd season of the collegiate basketball program at William & Mary, whose nickname is now the Tribe. William & Mary played its home games at Blow Gymnasium.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 52], "section_span": [52, 52], "content_span": [53, 538]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075630-0001-0000", "contents": "1957\u201358 William & Mary Indians men's basketball team\nThe Indians finished in 6th place in the conference and qualified for the 1958 Southern Conference Men's Basketball Tournament, held at the Richmond Arena. In a surprising run, William & Mary defeated #2 VPI in the quarterfinals and #3 George Washington in the semifinals before losing in the championship game to top-seeded West Virginia. This was the first of eight times that the Indians played in the championship game of a conference tournament.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 52], "section_span": [52, 52], "content_span": [53, 503]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075631-0000-0000", "contents": "1957\u201358 Wisconsin Badgers men's basketball team\nThe 1957\u20131958 Wisconsin Badgers men's basketball team represented University of Wisconsin\u2013Madison. The head coach was Harold E. Foster, coaching his twenty-fourth season with the Badgers. The team played their home games at the UW Fieldhouse in Madison, Wisconsin and was a member of the Big Ten Conference.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 47], "section_span": [47, 47], "content_span": [48, 355]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075632-0000-0000", "contents": "1957\u201358 Wolverhampton Wanderers F.C. season\nThe 1957\u201358 season was the 59th season of competitive league football in the history of English football club Wolverhampton Wanderers. They played in the First Division, then the highest level of English football, for a 21st consecutive year.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 43], "section_span": [43, 43], "content_span": [44, 286]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075632-0001-0000", "contents": "1957\u201358 Wolverhampton Wanderers F.C. season\nThe club won the League championship for a second time, four years after their first title, scoring over 100 goals in the process.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 43], "section_span": [43, 43], "content_span": [44, 174]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075632-0002-0000", "contents": "1957\u201358 Wolverhampton Wanderers F.C. season\nWolves achieved the double over local rivals Aston Villa, part of a run of seven between 1957 and 1960.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 43], "section_span": [43, 43], "content_span": [44, 147]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075632-0003-0000", "contents": "1957\u201358 Wolverhampton Wanderers F.C. season, Results, Football League\nA total of 22 teams competed in the First Division in the 1957\u201358 season. Each team would play every other team twice, once at their stadium, and once at the opposition's. Two points were awarded to teams for each win, one point per draw, and none for defeats.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 43], "section_span": [45, 69], "content_span": [70, 330]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075632-0004-0000", "contents": "1957\u201358 Wolverhampton Wanderers F.C. season, Players Used\nEddie Clamp\t41\t4\t45Norman Deeley\t41\t4\t45Jimmy Murray\t41\t4\t45Peter Broadbent\t40\t4\t44Eddie Stuart\t40\t4\t44Gerry Harris\t39\t4\t43Jimmy Mullen\t38\t4\t42Billy Wright\t38\t4\t42Malcolm Finlayson\t28\t4\t32Ron Flowers\t28\t1\t29Bobby Mason\t20\t4\t24Bill Slater\t14\t3\t17Colin Booth\t13\t0\t13Dennis Wilshaw\t12\t0\t12George Showell\t7\t0\t7Noel Dwyer\t5\t0\t5Ron Howells\t2\t0\t2Alan Jackson\t2\t0\t2Gwyn Jones\t2\t0\t2Jackie Henderson\t1\t0\t1Micky Lill\t1\t0\t1", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 43], "section_span": [45, 57], "content_span": [58, 469]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075633-0000-0000", "contents": "1957\u201358 Yugoslav Cup\nThe 1957\u201358 Yugoslav Cup was the 11th season of the top football knockout competition in SFR Yugoslavia, the Yugoslav Cup (Serbo-Croatian: Kup Jugoslavije), also known as the \"Marshal Tito Cup\" (Kup Mar\u0161ala Tita), since its establishment in 1946.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [20, 20], "content_span": [21, 267]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075633-0001-0000", "contents": "1957\u201358 Yugoslav Cup, Round of 16\nIn the following tables winning teams are marked in bold; teams from outside top level are marked in italic script.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [22, 33], "content_span": [34, 149]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075634-0000-0000", "contents": "1957\u201358 Yugoslav First League\nThe 1957\u201358 Yugoslav First League season was the 12th season of the First Federal League (Serbo-Croatian: Prva savezna liga), the top level association football league of SFR Yugoslavia, since its establishment in 1946. Fourteen teams contested the competition, with Dinamo Zagreb winning their third title and qualifying for the 1958\u201359 European Cup.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [29, 29], "content_span": [30, 381]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075634-0001-0000", "contents": "1957\u201358 Yugoslav First League\nAt the end of season four teams were relegated instead of the usual two because the Football Association of Yugoslavia decided to reduce the league to 12 teams for the following season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [29, 29], "content_span": [30, 215]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075634-0002-0000", "contents": "1957\u201358 Yugoslav First League, Teams\nAt the end of the previous season FK Sarajevo and Lokomotiva were relegated from top level. They were replaced by \u017deljezni\u010dar and RNK Split.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 36], "content_span": [37, 177]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075635-0000-0000", "contents": "1957\u201358 Yugoslav Ice Hockey League season\nThe 1957\u201358 Yugoslav Ice Hockey League season was the 16th season of the Yugoslav Ice Hockey League, the top level of ice hockey in Yugoslavia. Five teams participated in the league, and Jesenice have won the championship.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 41], "section_span": [41, 41], "content_span": [42, 264]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075636-0000-0000", "contents": "1957\u201358 in Belgian football\nThe 1957\u201358 season was the 55th season of competitive football in Belgium. Standard Li\u00e8ge won their first Division I title. R Antwerp FC entered the 1957\u201358 European Champion Clubs' Cup as Belgian title holder. The Belgium national football team finished their 1958 FIFA World Cup qualification campaign in the second place of Group 2, 2 points behind France, and thus did not qualify for the World Cup finals in Sweden.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [27, 27], "content_span": [28, 448]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075636-0001-0000", "contents": "1957\u201358 in Belgian football, Overview\nAt the end of the season, R Daring Club de Bruxelles and KRC Mechelen were relegated to Division II and were replaced in Division I by K Beringen FC and RRC Tournaisien from Division II. The bottom 2 clubs in Division II (ASV Oostende KM and R Uccle Sport) were relegated to Division III, to be replaced by (RFC Renaisien and RFC S\u00e9r\u00e9sien) from Division III. The bottom 2 clubs of each Division III league K Tubantia FC, RCS Boussu-Bois, RAS Herstal and R Stade Louvain were relegated to Promotion, to be replaced by KFC Waeslandia Burcht, RUS Tournaisienne, R Fl\u00e9ron FC and R Stade Waremmien from Promotion.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 37], "content_span": [38, 646]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075636-0002-0000", "contents": "1957\u201358 in Belgian football, European competitions\nR Antwerp FC lost in the first round of the 1957\u201358 European Champion Clubs' Cup to title holder Real Madrid of Spain (defeat 1-2 at home and defeat 6-0 away).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 50], "content_span": [51, 210]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075637-0000-0000", "contents": "1957\u201358 in English football\nThe 1957\u201358 season was the 78th season of competitive football in England.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [27, 27], "content_span": [28, 102]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075637-0001-0000", "contents": "1957\u201358 in English football\nThe season ended with Wolverhampton Wanderers as First Division champions after scoring 103 goals and Bolton Wanderers as FA Cup winners. However, the season is remembered most for the Munich air disaster which occurred on 6 February 1958 and involved Manchester United on the return flight from a European Cup quarter-final win in Yugoslavia. 23 people died as a result of their injuries in the crash, including eight of the club's players.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [27, 27], "content_span": [28, 469]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075637-0002-0000", "contents": "1957\u201358 in English football, Overview\nIn this season, Sunderland were relegated for the first time in their history. This was the last season in which Division 3 was split, North and South. Teams finishing between 2nd and 12th were placed in Division 3 the following season, the remainder in Division 4", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 37], "content_span": [38, 302]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075637-0003-0000", "contents": "1957\u201358 in English football, Diary of the season\n31 August 1957: The Manchester derby at Old Trafford sees United beat City 4\u20131 with goals from Duncan Edwards, Tommy Taylor, Johnny Berry and Dennis Viollet.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 48], "content_span": [49, 206]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075637-0004-0000", "contents": "1957\u201358 in English football, Diary of the season\n18 September 1957: In the First Division, Nottingham Forest beat Burnley 7\u20130, the first time they have scored seven without reply since 1950 in the Football League Third Division South.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 48], "content_span": [49, 234]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075637-0005-0000", "contents": "1957\u201358 in English football, Diary of the season\n28 September 1957: Wolverhampton Wanderers beat Manchester United at home 3\u20131 with two goals from Dennis Wilshaw and one from Norman Deeley.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 48], "content_span": [49, 189]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075637-0006-0000", "contents": "1957\u201358 in English football, Diary of the season\n10 October 1957: The England squad to face Wales is announced, and features three newcomers. They are Bolton Wanderers goalkeeper Eddie Hopkinson, Blackburn Rovers' Bryan Douglas and Don Howe of West Bromwich Albion.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 48], "content_span": [49, 265]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075637-0007-0000", "contents": "1957\u201358 in English football, Diary of the season\n16 November 1957: Champions-to-be Wolverhampton Wanderers lose their 100% home record to local rivals West Bromwich Albion in a 1\u20131 draw. Until then the home team had won 8 successive home games scoring 27 goals against 5.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 48], "content_span": [49, 271]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075637-0008-0000", "contents": "1957\u201358 in English football, Diary of the season\n1 December 1957: Harry Gregg becomes the world's most expensive goalkeeper in a \u00a323,500 transfer from Doncaster Rovers to Manchester United.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 48], "content_span": [49, 189]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075637-0009-0000", "contents": "1957\u201358 in English football, Diary of the season\n7 December 1957: Everton's Dave Hickson is sent off from their all-North West clash with Manchester City.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 48], "content_span": [49, 154]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075637-0010-0000", "contents": "1957\u201358 in English football, Diary of the season\n13 December 1957: Evertonian Tony McNamara heads across Stanley Park to join Liverpool.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 48], "content_span": [49, 136]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075637-0011-0000", "contents": "1957\u201358 in English football, Diary of the season\n25 December 1957: Tottenham Hotspur in their 1\u20130 home victory become only the second team (Everton did so in the first game of the season) in the whole season to prevent the Champions-to-be Wolverhampton Wanderers from scoring.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 48], "content_span": [49, 276]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075637-0012-0000", "contents": "1957\u201358 in English football, Diary of the season\n3 January 1958: Liverpool add \"much-wanted\" Hibs inside forward Jimmy Harrower to their ranks, paying a fee that \"tops \u00a310,000\".", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 48], "content_span": [49, 177]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075637-0013-0000", "contents": "1957\u201358 in English football, Diary of the season\n9\u201310 January 1958: Dave Hickson is suspended by the Football Association for 21 days, their disciplinary committee taking into account \"the player\u2019s record on previous misconduct\"; Everton order him not to comment.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 48], "content_span": [49, 263]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075637-0014-0000", "contents": "1957\u201358 in English football, Diary of the season\n15 January 1958: Manchester United manager Matt Busby accepts an offer to become manager of the Scotland national football team, while attending the under-23 international at Goodison Park between England and Scotland. Reports suggest Busby will assume command before the match between Scotland and a Scottish Football League XI on 3 February.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 48], "content_span": [49, 392]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075637-0015-0000", "contents": "1957\u201358 in English football, Diary of the season\n1 February 1958: A thrilling First Division match at Highbury sees Manchester United defeat Arsenal 5\u20134.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 48], "content_span": [49, 153]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075637-0016-0000", "contents": "1957\u201358 in English football, Diary of the season\n5 February 1958: Manchester United reach the European Cup semi-finals with a 3\u20133 draw (5\u20134 win on aggregate) in the quarter-final second leg against Red Star Belgrade in Yugoslavia.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 48], "content_span": [49, 230]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075637-0017-0000", "contents": "1957\u201358 in English football, Diary of the season\n6 February 1958: The Manchester United team plane crashes at Munich Airport in West Germany. 21 people are killed, including seven of the team's players (Roger Byrne, Geoff Bent, Eddie Colman, Bill Whelan, Tommy Taylor, David Pegg and Mark Jones) and three club officials (secretary Walter Crickmer, coach Tom Curry and trainer Bert Whalley). Also among the dead is journalist Frank Swift, the former Manchester City and England goalkeeper. 10 other players are injured, with doctors being particularly concerned about the conditions of winger Johnny Berry and left-half Duncan Edwards. Manager Matt Busby is also seriously injured.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 48], "content_span": [49, 681]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075637-0018-0000", "contents": "1957\u201358 in English football, Diary of the season\n19 February 1958: In their first game since the Munich air disaster, Manchester United (with a side mostly made up of reserve players) defeat Sheffield Wednesday 3\u20130 in the FA Cup fifth round at Old Trafford. However, the victory is overshadowed by news from Munich that the condition of Duncan Edwards has deteriorated once more.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 48], "content_span": [49, 379]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075637-0019-0000", "contents": "1957\u201358 in English football, Diary of the season\n21 February 1958: Duncan Edwards (aged 21) dies in hospital from injuries sustained 15 days ago in the Munich air disaster.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 48], "content_span": [49, 172]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075637-0020-0000", "contents": "1957\u201358 in English football, Diary of the season\n13 March 1958: Liverpool's leading goalscorer, Tony Rowley, signs for Tranmere Rovers.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 48], "content_span": [49, 135]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075637-0021-0000", "contents": "1957\u201358 in English football, Diary of the season\n12 April 1958: Woking win the FA Amateur Cup after victory over Ilford in the final 3\u20130, in front of a young Martin Tyler.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 48], "content_span": [49, 171]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075637-0022-0000", "contents": "1957\u201358 in English football, Diary of the season\n26 April 1958: Wolverhampton Wanderers are crowned Champions after scoring their 103rd goal but are beaten by already-relegated Sheffield Wednesday in their last league game of the season, while in the Second Division the Anglo-Welsh derby between Bristol City and Swansea Town goes the way of the Welsh club. Meanwhile, two England representative teams are in action, as the schoolboys win 3\u20131 over their Scottish equivalents at Wembley Stadium in front of 90,000, while the England amateurs drew 1\u20131 against France.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 48], "content_span": [49, 566]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075637-0023-0000", "contents": "1957\u201358 in English football, Diary of the season\n3 May 1958: Nat Lofthouse scores both goals as Bolton Wanderers beat Manchester United 2\u20130 in the Final at Wembley to win the FA Cup for the fourth time.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 48], "content_span": [49, 202]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075637-0024-0000", "contents": "1957\u201358 in English football, Notable debutants\n24 August 1957: Jimmy Greaves, 17-year-old forward, scores once on his debut for Chelsea in a First Division fixture against Tottenham Hotspur.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 46], "content_span": [47, 190]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075637-0025-0000", "contents": "1957\u201358 in English football, Notable debutants\n28 September 1957: Gerry Byrne, 19-year-old left-back, makes his debut for illness-ravaged Liverpool.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 46], "content_span": [47, 148]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075637-0026-0000", "contents": "1957\u201358 in English football, Notable debutants\n21 December 1957: Kenny Morgans, 18-year-old winger, makes his debut for Manchester United in First Division home match against Leicester City.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 46], "content_span": [47, 190]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075637-0027-0000", "contents": "1957\u201358 in English football, Notable debutants\n19 February 1958: Shay Brennan, 20-year-old winger, scores twice on his debut for Manchester United as they beat Sheffield Wednesday 3\u20130 in the FA Cup third round, their first game after the Munich air disaster.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 46], "content_span": [47, 258]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075637-0028-0000", "contents": "1957\u201358 in English football, Honours\nNotes = Number in parentheses is the times that club has won that honour. * indicates new record for competition", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 36], "content_span": [37, 149]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075637-0029-0000", "contents": "1957\u201358 in English football, Football League, First Division\nThe First Division title went to Wolves, still captained by Billy Wright and managed by Stan Cullis. Preston North End finished runners-up, while Tottenham Hotspur finished third thanks largely to the influence of captain and Footballer of the Year, Danny Blanchflower. West Bromwich Albion finished fourth and the top five was completed by Manchester City, who became the first and so far only club to both score and concede 100 goals in a league season. After the Munich air disaster, Manchester United won only one more league game and dipped to ninth place, although they did reach the FA Cup final, where they were beaten by Bolton Wanderers.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 60], "content_span": [61, 708]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075637-0030-0000", "contents": "1957\u201358 in English football, Football League, First Division\nSheffield Wednesday propped up the First Division and were the first side to go down, being joined soon after by a Sunderland side who had enjoyed the longest run in the First Division totaling nearly 70 years.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 60], "content_span": [61, 271]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075637-0031-0000", "contents": "1957\u201358 in English football, Football League, Second Division\nWest Ham United topped the Second Division to secure First Division football for the first time in the postwar era, while Blackburn Rovers finished one point behind them in second place. Charlton Athletic missed out on an immediate return to the First Division by a single point, while Liverpool missed out on promotion by two points. With six games remaining in the season, Lincoln City looked certain to be relegated - five points adrift of the club above them, and having won only five matches all season. Incredibly they won their last six matches to escape relegation by a single point.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 61], "content_span": [62, 653]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075637-0032-0000", "contents": "1957\u201358 in English football, Football League, Third Division North\nScunthorpe & Lindsey United sealed the Third Division North title by a comfortable margin and secured their place in the Second Division, while runners-up Accrington Stanley had the consolation of at least being able to play in the third of the league's fourth tiers following the decision to reorganize into four national divisions for the 1958\u201359 season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 66], "content_span": [67, 423]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075637-0033-0000", "contents": "1957\u201358 in English football, Football League, Third Division South\nBrighton & Hove Albion won promotion to the Second Division as champions of the Third Division South.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 66], "content_span": [67, 168]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075638-0000-0000", "contents": "1957\u201358 in Israeli football\nThe 1958\u201359 season was the 10th season of competitive football in Israel and the 32st season under the Israeli Football Association, established in 1928, during the British Mandate.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [27, 27], "content_span": [28, 209]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075638-0001-0000", "contents": "1957\u201358 in Israeli football, Review and Events\nThe national team was due to play in the 1958 World Cup qualification against Indonesia and then against Sudan. As the two teams refused to meet Israel, and as FIFA imposed a rule that no team would qualify without playing at least one match, the national team was drawn to play against Wales national football team. Israel lost the two matches 0\u20132.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 46], "content_span": [47, 396]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075638-0002-0000", "contents": "1957\u201358 in Israeli football, Review and Events\nOn May 1958 the IFA stopped matches in the leagues below Liga Leumit due to suspicions of bribery. Following  an inquiry, the matches didn't resume and promotions and relegations were suspended.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 46], "content_span": [47, 241]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075638-0003-0000", "contents": "1957\u201358 in Israeli football, Review and Events\nDuring May 1958 the national team participated in the 1958 Asian Games, losing at the quarter-finals to Republic of China.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 46], "content_span": [47, 169]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075638-0004-0000", "contents": "1957\u201358 in Israeli football, Domestic leagues, Promotion and relegation\nDue to the inquiry set by the IFA regarding claims of fixed matches in Liga Alef and the lower leagues, promotions and relegations were suspended, and the leagues resumed the next season with the same composition.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 71], "content_span": [72, 285]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075638-0005-0000", "contents": "1957\u201358 in Israeli football, Domestic cups\nThe 1957\u201358 Israel State Cup started on 12 October 1957, reached the quarter-finals phase by July 1958, and was delayed over an appeal made by Hapoel Petah Tikva over the team's loss to Maccabi Tel Aviv and was completed in September 1958.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 42], "content_span": [43, 282]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075638-0006-0000", "contents": "1957\u201358 in Israeli football, Domestic cups\nIn November 1957, a match was arranged as a remembrance for Lt-Col Zivi Tzafriri between league champions Hapoel Tel Aviv and cup holders Hapoel Petah Tikva. Although the match was arranged without the IFA, it is considered the first Israel Super Cup match. Hapoel Tel Aviv won the match 3\u20130.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 42], "content_span": [43, 335]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075638-0007-0000", "contents": "1957\u201358 in Israeli football, National Teams, National team, 1958 World Cup qualification\nThe national team was placed in the African/Asian zone and was drawn to play against Turkey in the first round. However, Turkey withdrew in protest of being placed in the African/Asian zone (instead of the European Zone), and Israel advanced to the second round without playing a match, along with Indonesia, Egypt and Sudan.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 88], "content_span": [89, 414]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075638-0008-0000", "contents": "1957\u201358 in Israeli football, National Teams, National team, 1958 World Cup qualification\nIsrael was drawn to play Indonesia, but, as Indonesia refused to play in Israel and as FIFA rejected their request to play against Israel on neutral ground, Indonesia withdrew and Israel advanced to the regional finals, again without playing a match, alongside Sudan.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 88], "content_span": [89, 356]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075638-0009-0000", "contents": "1957\u201358 in Israeli football, National Teams, National team, 1958 World Cup qualification\nIn the final round, Sudan refused to play Israel for political reasons and withdrew. The withdrawal meant that Israel had won the qualification spot for the African/Asian zone, but as the team didn't play a match throughout the campaign, and as FIFA ruled that no team would qualify without playing at least one match (except for the defending champions and the hosts), an opponent for Israel was drawn from the runners-up in the other zones. Wales, runners-up in UEFA Group 4 won the draw.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 88], "content_span": [89, 579]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075638-0010-0000", "contents": "1957\u201358 in Israeli football, National Teams, National team, 1958 Asian Games\nIsrael was eliminated at the quarter-finals stage and placed 5th in the competition.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 76], "content_span": [77, 161]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075639-0000-0000", "contents": "1957\u201358 in Scottish football\nThe 1957\u201358 season was the 85th season of competitive football in Scotland and the 61st season of the Scottish Football League.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [28, 28], "content_span": [29, 156]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075639-0001-0000", "contents": "1957\u201358 in Scottish football, Scotland national team\nScotland qualified for the 1958 FIFA World Cup by finishing top of their qualifying group, ahead of Spain and Switzerland. The team went out of the finals at the first round, after one draw and two defeats.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 52], "content_span": [53, 259]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075640-0000-0000", "contents": "1957\u201358 in Swedish football\nThe 1957\u201358 season in Swedish football, starting August 1957 and ending December 1958:", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [27, 27], "content_span": [28, 114]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075641-0000-0000", "contents": "1958\n1958 (MCMLVIII) was a common year starting on Wednesday of the Gregorian calendar, the 1958th year of the Common Era (CE) and Anno Domini (AD) designations, the 958th  year of the 2nd\u00a0millennium, the 58th  year of the 20th\u00a0century, and the  9th   year of the 1950s decade.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 4], "section_span": [4, 4], "content_span": [5, 277]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075642-0000-0000", "contents": "1958 (film)\n1958 is a Norwegian 1980 drama film directed by Oddvar Bull Tuhus, starring Rune Dybedahl and Cecilie Holter. It takes place in the year 1958, and deals with a group of teenagers in Sinsen, Oslo.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 11], "section_span": [11, 11], "content_span": [12, 207]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075643-0000-0000", "contents": "1958 1000 km Buenos Aires\nThe 1958 1000 km Buenos Aires took place on 26 January, on the Aut\u00f3dromo Municipal-Avenida Paz, (Buenos Aires, Argentina). It was the fifth running of the race, and once again, it was opening round of the F.I.A. World Sports Car Championship. For this event, it returned to the Aut\u00f3dromo, after having a one-off race at the Circuito de la Costanera Norte, however its layout was not generally well received.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [25, 25], "content_span": [26, 433]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075643-0001-0000", "contents": "1958 1000 km Buenos Aires\nThe sport\u2019s governing body, F.I.A. and its Commission Sportive Internationale (CSI) dictated several technical changes to the 1958 Sports Car rule book, under teams completing now see their cars\u2019 engines limited to three litres.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [25, 25], "content_span": [26, 254]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075643-0002-0000", "contents": "1958 1000 km Buenos Aires, Report, Entry\nA grand total of 30 racing cars were registered for this event, of which all 30 arrived for practice and 26 for qualifying for the race. Although this was the first major sports car race of the year to be run since CSI\u2019s rule changes, but as in previous years, the race was poorly supported by the works teams. Only Ferrari sent works cars from Europe. They had entered three of the stunning Ferrari 250 TRs for Peter Collins/Phil Hill, Wolfgang von Trips/Mike Hawthorn and Luigi Musso/Olivier Gendebien.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [27, 40], "content_span": [41, 545]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075643-0003-0000", "contents": "1958 1000 km Buenos Aires, Report, Entry\nAs for the other works teams from 1957, Aston Martin opted not to do the long trek to South America, while the Jaguar D-Types were no longer eligible to under these new rules, due to their 5-litre engines. As for Maserati, it was announced that due to financial difficulties, they would not continue to operate as a works team.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [27, 40], "content_span": [41, 368]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075643-0004-0000", "contents": "1958 1000 km Buenos Aires, Report, Qualifying\nAfter a three-hour qualifying session held on the days prior to the race, it was Collins who took pole position for Scuderia Ferrari in their 250 TR.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [27, 45], "content_span": [46, 195]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075643-0005-0000", "contents": "1958 1000 km Buenos Aires, Report, Qualifying\nHowever, Stirling Moss and Jean Behra were originally entered to share a Maserati 300S, but when this car broke its crankshaft during a practice session, they were offered a Porsche 550 RS.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [27, 45], "content_span": [46, 235]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075643-0006-0000", "contents": "1958 1000 km Buenos Aires, Report, Race\nThe race was held over 106 laps of the 5.888 mile, Aut\u00f3dromo Municipal-Avenida Paz, giving a distance of 624.162 miles (1,004.49\u00a0km). Due to the lack of opposition, it was left to Ferrari to battle amongst themselves. However, the last minute change of mount for Moss and Behra would bring some excitement to the race, added in part by what was literal invasion of Lepidopterous on race day. Butterflies tended to cover up the cars\u2019water radiators, a problem which air-cooled cars like the Porsche did not have\u2026", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [27, 39], "content_span": [40, 551]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075643-0007-0000", "contents": "1958 1000 km Buenos Aires, Report, Race\nIn the race, the Scuderia Ferrari of Collins and Hill, won ahead of their teammates von Trips/Gendebien/Musso. Car number 2, took an impressive victory, winning in a time of 6hrs 19:55.4 mins, averaging a speed of 98.572\u00a0mph. Second place went to the second Ferrari, albeit 3:14.4 mins. adrift. The podium was complete by the winner of the 1957 Swedish Grand Prix, Moss and Behra who despite their small engine, were just 9.8 seconds behind.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [27, 39], "content_span": [40, 481]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075643-0008-0000", "contents": "1958 1000 km Buenos Aires, Report, Race\nSadly, the race was marred by the death of a driver named Jorge Magnasco, following an accident on lap seven, when the driver overturned his Maserati 300S.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [27, 39], "content_span": [40, 195]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075643-0009-0000", "contents": "1958 1000 km Buenos Aires, Standings after the race\nChampionship points were awarded for the first six places in each race in the order of 8-6-4-3-2-1, excepting the RAC Tourist Trophy, for which points were awarded on a 4-3-2-1 for the first four places. Manufacturers were only awarded points for their highest finishing car with no points awarded for positions filled by additional cars. Only the best 4 results out of the 6 races could be retained by each manufacturer. Points earned but not counted towards the championship totals are listed within brackets in the above table.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [27, 51], "content_span": [52, 582]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075644-0000-0000", "contents": "1958 1000 km N\u00fcrburgring\nThe 4. Internationales ADAC 1000 Kilometer Rennen N\u00fcrburgring took place on 1 June, on the N\u00fcrburgring Nordschleife, (West Germany). It was also the fourth round of the F.I.A. World Sports Car Championship, which was running to new regulations introduced at the beginning of the season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [24, 24], "content_span": [25, 311]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075644-0001-0000", "contents": "1958 1000 km N\u00fcrburgring, Report, Entry\nA massive total of 72 racing cars were registered for this event, of which 69 arrived for practice. Only these, only 54 started the long distance race on the 14.174 mile German circuit. The first three events of the season, ended with victory for Scuderia Ferrari. As Hill and Collins also won the last race of the previous season, the Venezuelan Grand Prix they\u2019ve now won four races in a row for the Scuderia. With these new rules, and Maserati on the brink of financial crisis, Scuderia Ferrari would head the Italian challenge. Ferrari had four works 250 TR 58s in the Eifel mountains, Mike Hawthorn/Peter Collins, Luigi Musso/Phil Hill, Wolfgang von Trips/Olivier Gendebien and Gino Munaron/Wolfgang Seidel. Opposition would no longer come from Maserati\u2026 but from Porsche and Aston Martin.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 39], "content_span": [40, 834]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075644-0002-0000", "contents": "1958 1000 km N\u00fcrburgring, Report, Entry\nDavid Brown won the event in 1957 sent along three  Aston Martin DBR1 over from England for Stirling Moss/Jack Brabham, Tony Brooks/Stuart Lewis-Evans and Roy Salvadori/Carroll Shelby, while Porsche arrived with two different cars; 550 RS and 718 RSK for their squad of drivers led by Jean Behra and Harry Schell. They were joined a fleet of privateer drivers in their Alfa Romeos, Oscas and other mainline sportscars.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 39], "content_span": [40, 458]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075644-0003-0000", "contents": "1958 1000 km N\u00fcrburgring, Report, Qualifying\nQualifying was held over three sessions for a total of 1,710 minutes over the three days prior to the race. The Ferrari 250 TR of Hawthorn took pole position, averaging a speed of 87.484\u00a0mph around the 14.173 mile circuit.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 44], "content_span": [45, 267]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075644-0004-0000", "contents": "1958 1000 km N\u00fcrburgring, Report, Race\nWith each lap over 14 miles in length, the race covered a total of 44 laps, or 1,000 kilometres, the Nordschleife was a fearsome thing to behold. The day of the race would be warm and dry, with a crowd of approximately 150,000 in attendance to witness the race.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 38], "content_span": [39, 300]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075644-0005-0000", "contents": "1958 1000 km N\u00fcrburgring, Report, Race\nAs for the race victory, this did not go to Scuderia Ferrari, as they were beaten by more than three minutes by the Aston Martin DBR1/300 of Moss and Brabham, gaining the marque their first points of the season and Ferrari\u2019s first defeat of the season. The winning partnership, won in a time of 7hr 23:32.0 mins., averaging a speed of 84.360\u00a0mph. The margin of triumph over the Ferrari of Hawthorn/Collins was 3 min 44s, who were followed home by their teammates von Trips/Gendebien who were a further 5 min 58s adrift.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 38], "content_span": [39, 558]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075644-0005-0001", "contents": "1958 1000 km N\u00fcrburgring, Report, Race\nThe works Ferraris took the next two places, meaning they finished 2-3-4-5. Stirling Moss\u2019s pace was so quick that his fastest lap of the race, was faster than Hawthorn\u2019s pole lap. The race continued for another hour to allow the other classes/division to try and complete the full 1000\u00a0km. Sadly, Erwin Bauer after being shown the checkered flag, as he did not see it, he continued racing and crashed fatally on what was supposed to be his slowing down lap.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 38], "content_span": [39, 497]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075644-0006-0000", "contents": "1958 1000 km N\u00fcrburgring, Standings after the race\nChampionship points were awarded for the first six places in each race in the order of 8-6-4-3-2-1, excepting the RAC Tourist Trophy, for which points were awarded on a 4-3-2-1 for the first four places. Manufacturers were only awarded points for their highest finishing car with no points awarded for positions filled by additional cars. Only the best 4 results out of the 6 races could be retained by each manufacturer. Points earned but not counted towards the championship totals are listed within brackets in the above table.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 50], "content_span": [51, 581]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075645-0000-0000", "contents": "1958 12 Hours of Sebring\nThe 1958 12-Hour Florida International Grand Prix of Endurance for the Amoco Trophy took place on 22 March, on the Sebring International Raceway, (Florida, United States). It was the second round of the F.I.A. World Sports Car Championship, which was running to new regulations introduced at the beginning of the season. The most influential of these regulations changes would be the 3.0 litre engine size limit. This was seventh running of the 12-hour race.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [24, 24], "content_span": [25, 483]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075645-0001-0000", "contents": "1958 12 Hours of Sebring, Report, Entry\nA massive total of 73 racing cars were registered for this event, of which 70 arrived for practice. Only these, 65 qualified for, and started the race. With these new rules, and Maserati on the brink of financial crisis, Scuderia Ferrari would head the Italian challenge. Ferrari had six of their 250 TRs in Florida, of which three were works machines for Phil Hill/Peter Collins, Mike Hawthorn/Wolfgang von Trips and Luigi Musso/Olivier Gendebien. Opposition would no longer come from Maserati... but from Aston Martin.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 39], "content_span": [40, 560]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075645-0002-0000", "contents": "1958 12 Hours of Sebring, Report, Entry\nDavid Brown sent two Aston Martin DBR1s over from England for Stirling Moss/Tony Brooks and Carroll Shelby and Roy Salvadori. There were supported by George Constantine and John Dalton, in a DB2/4. Also on the entry list were some quick looking Jaguar D-Types though the Coventry marque were a bit out-classed by now. Ecurie Ecosse had two D-Types for Ron Flockhart/Masten Gregory and Ninian Sanderson/Ivor Bueb. Another Jag was entered by Briggs Cunningham for himself and Walt Hansgen. Cunningham also brought along two Jaguar engined Listers for Ed Crawford/Pat O\u2019Connor and Archie Scott Brown/Hansgen. All three cars were listed with Alfred Momo being the entrant.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 39], "content_span": [40, 708]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075645-0003-0000", "contents": "1958 12 Hours of Sebring, Report, Qualifying\nBecause there were no qualifying sessions to set the grid, the starting positions were decided according to engine size with the 4.6 litre Chevrolet Corvette C1 of Jim Rathmann and Dick Doane in first place. Next was another  Corvette of John A. Kilborn, Fred Windridge and Dick Thompson. In fact Corvette\u2019s held the first three places.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 44], "content_span": [45, 381]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075645-0004-0000", "contents": "1958 12 Hours of Sebring, Report, Race\nDay of the race would be sunny and warm, but the start of race was something of a shambles as some drivers posed for the tradition Le Mans style start, ready to sprint to their cars, while others were still ambling across the track. This prompted a false start, so everyone had to line-up again.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 38], "content_span": [39, 334]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075645-0005-0000", "contents": "1958 12 Hours of Sebring, Report, Race\nFrom his third place of the grid, Jim Jeffords was expected to be quick off the line, and indeed he was but a wheel problem stopped him out on the circuit, and by the end of lap one, he crossed the line in last place.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 38], "content_span": [39, 256]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075645-0006-0000", "contents": "1958 12 Hours of Sebring, Report, Race\nThe Aston Martins set the early pace with Moss going out in front. Hawthorn was second in his works Ferrari, with Salvadori in the other Aston on his tail. Soon, Salvadori moved past Hawthorn to make it an Aston 1-2. As for the Listers, they were going well in the opening laps, but Gendebien tried to force his Ferrari past Scott Brown, on the managed to climb right over the back of the Lister. Both drivers hopped out and removed the Ferrari and the Belgian took it back to the pits for repairs while the Lister retired. As for the other Lister, it only managed six laps before its Jaguar engine went  and all the Jaguar-powered cars were out of the race by lap 55.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 38], "content_span": [39, 707]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075645-0007-0000", "contents": "1958 12 Hours of Sebring, Report, Race\nAs for the Hill/Collins Ferrari, it made a cautious start with the American behind the wheel. The crew decided to be easy on the gearbox and brakes which get worked so hard at Sebring. They were in fourth at the end of the first hour, with Moss/Brooks leading from Salvadori/Shelby and Hawthorn/von Trips. Their easy pace allowed the private 250 TR of Richie Ginther and Johnny von Neumann into fourth an hour later. The pair of Astons and the trio of Ferrari held the top five spots for the first four hours. The other works Ferrari of Musso/Gendebien started to recover from its early encounter.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 38], "content_span": [39, 636]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075645-0008-0000", "contents": "1958 12 Hours of Sebring, Report, Race\nIt was all change in the fifth hour of the race when both Astons had gearbox troubles, which forces them to retire. Hill and Collins had progressively worked their way through to second and then took over the lead which they would not be moved. By the half-way mark, there were four Ferraris in the top four and that remained that way for the next five hours. Hawthorn and von Trips were out on lap 159, with Neumann and Ginther at lap 168. Hill and Collins still kept to a steady pace, the Musso/Gendebien car moved into second with the Porsche 718 RSK of Harry Schell and Wolfgang Seidel now up to third. Surprisingly, the little Lotus Eleven of Sam Weiss and David Tallakson had got into fourth overall.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 38], "content_span": [39, 745]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075645-0009-0000", "contents": "1958 12 Hours of Sebring, Report, Race\nAnd that's how the race finished, the Scuderia Ferrari of Collins and Hill, winning ahead of their team-mates Musso and Gendebien. Car number 14, took an impressive victory, completing 200 laps, covering 1,040 miles after 12 hours of racing, averaging a speed of 86.501\u00a0mph. Second place went to the second Ferrari, albeit one lap adrift. The podium was complete by works Porsche of Schell and Seidel who were seven laps behind the winners. Phil Hill and Peter Collins had established the Ferrari 250 TR as the main sports car championship contender, with its second straight victory in the series.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 38], "content_span": [39, 637]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075646-0000-0000", "contents": "1958 24 Hours of Le Mans\nThe 1958 24 Hours of Le Mans was the 26th running of the 24 Hours of Le Mans, Grand Prix of Endurance, and took place on 21 and 22 June 1958, on the Circuit de la Sarthe. It was also the fifth round of the 1958 World Sports Car Championship, which was running to new regulations introduced at the beginning of the season. Some 150,000 spectators had gathered for Europe's classic sports car race, around the 8.38-mile course. The prospect of an exciting duel between Ferrari, Jaguar, Aston Martin and giantkiller Porsche was enough to draw large crowds to the 24 Hours race.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [24, 24], "content_span": [25, 599]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075646-0001-0000", "contents": "1958 24 Hours of Le Mans\nThe race was dominated by fifteen hours of rain, three of which were torrential, marking a bad summer solstice. There were thirteen accidents, one killing gentleman-driver Jean-Marie Brussin. It marked the first ever overall win for an American and a Belgian driver and was the third win for the Scuderia Ferrari. The works Testarossas took over the lead in the third hour when, this year, it was the British challenge that ran out of steam. After their 1957 rout, the Italians took their revenge as Osca also won the Index of Performance.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [24, 24], "content_span": [25, 564]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075646-0002-0000", "contents": "1958 24 Hours of Le Mans, Regulations\nThis year, the second under the new FIA Appendix C rules, a revision put a maximum engine size of 3.0 litres. This was an effort to limit the very high speeds of the new Maserati and Ferrari prototypes (and, indirectly ruling out the Jaguars) in the Sportscar Championship. The equivalence for forced-induction engines (supercharged or turbo) was reduced from x1.4 down to only x1.2 to encourage manufacturers to utilise that technology.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 37], "content_span": [38, 475]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075646-0003-0000", "contents": "1958 24 Hours of Le Mans, Regulations\nFor the race itself, the Automobile Club de l'Ouest (ACO) allowed an increase of a driver's stint to a maximum of 40 laps (from 36), although the 14-hour total limit was still in place. Pushing a car anywhere on the track, aside from in the pit-line, was now no longer allowed.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 37], "content_span": [38, 315]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075646-0004-0000", "contents": "1958 24 Hours of Le Mans, Regulations\nFollowing Colin Chapman's example for Lotus in the previous year, many cars adopted the \u2018wraparound\u2019 windscreen to meet the official dimension requirements. This year Chapman introduced tonneau-covers for the passenger seat to reduce draught and air resistance.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 37], "content_span": [38, 299]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075646-0005-0000", "contents": "1958 24 Hours of Le Mans, Entries\nA total of 70 cars registered for the event, of which 59 were allowed to practice, to qualify for the 55 starting places event.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 33], "content_span": [34, 161]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075646-0006-0000", "contents": "1958 24 Hours of Le Mans, Entries\nThe duels of the previous years between Jaguar and Ferrari were trimmed back by the new engine restriction. Although those manufacturers arrived with new engines, it also made Aston Martin (fresh from their triumph on the 1000km of N\u00fcrburgring) much more competitive, already with its tried and tested 3-litre engine. In the main class, only Ferrari and Aston Martin sent works entries.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 33], "content_span": [34, 420]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075646-0007-0000", "contents": "1958 24 Hours of Le Mans, Entries\nAlthough defending champions Jaguar had no works team, they developed the new short-stroke 3-litre XK-engine, using carburettors not fuel-injection, to meet the 3.0L regulations for their customer teams. It operated at around 5500-7000rpm, instead of the 4500-5800rpm of the previous bigger engines. Winners of the past two races the Ecurie Ecosse team had two cars, for Ninian Sanderson/\u2019Jock\u2019 Lawrence and Jack Fairman/Masten Gregory The three other privateers included former winners  Duncan Hamilton driving with Ivor Bueb. Also using the new 3-litre Jaguar motor was the new, small British manufacturer Lister, with two cars. Brian Lister had already been very successful in Britain however his lead driver, Archie Scott-Brown had been tragically killed at a sports-car race at Spa-Francorchamps just three weeks earlier.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 33], "content_span": [34, 860]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075646-0008-0000", "contents": "1958 24 Hours of Le Mans, Entries\nFerrari again arrived with a mighty force with no less than eleven cars for their works and private teams. Just prior to the meeting, Enzo Ferrari decided not to enter his latest two prototypes, reasoning that his well proven 3-litre 12-cylinder Testa Rossa was just the car for the circuit, and his best drivers. The pairings mostly came from the Ferrari F1 works team: Mike Hawthorn/Peter Collins, Phil Hill/Olivier Gendebien and Wolfgang von Trips/Wolfgang Seidel (called in to replace Luigi Musso injured in the previous weekend's Belgian Grand Prix). A fourth car was planned but Gino Munaron was also injured.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 33], "content_span": [34, 649]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075646-0008-0001", "contents": "1958 24 Hours of Le Mans, Entries\nThe factory was backed up by no less than six other privately entered Testa Rossas, including two for Luigi Chinetti\u2019s new North American Racing Team (NART) and single entries for Le Mans regulars Equipe Nationale Belge and Equipe Los Amigos. A 2-litre Ferrari was entered for the Mexican Rodriguez brothers. However, Ricardo was judged to be too young (16 years old) by the ACO, and not allowed to start so he was replaced by Jos\u00e9 Behra (Jean Behra\u2019s brother).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 33], "content_span": [34, 495]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075646-0009-0000", "contents": "1958 24 Hours of Le Mans, Entries\nWithout its big engines and now in serious financial trouble, Maserati did not put in an effort this year, with only two private entries: in the 3-litre and a 2-litre classes.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 33], "content_span": [34, 209]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075646-0010-0000", "contents": "1958 24 Hours of Le Mans, Entries\nThe new regulations suited Aston Martin very well, as they had already been running 3-litre cars for several years. They entered three of their updated DBR1s, as well as a privateer entry for the Whitehead brothers running a three-year-old Aston Martin DB3S (the runner-up car in 1955). The strong driver line-up in the works team consisted of Stirling Moss/Jack Brabham, Tony Brooks/Maurice Trintignant and Roy Salvadori/ Stuart Lewis-Evans.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 33], "content_span": [34, 476]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075646-0011-0000", "contents": "1958 24 Hours of Le Mans, Entries\nAfter its success in the previous year, Lotus returned with four works cars and two private entries. It was only a month after Cliff Allison came sixth after the team's auspicious F1 d\u00e9but at the Monaco Grand Prix. For this race, they put at least one car in 4 classes. The new Lotus 15 was designed by Frank Costin and carried several Coventry-Climax engine options: a 2-litre, 1.5-litre or even 750cc (for the affiliated Equipe Lotus France privateer team). Colin Chapman also got Coventry Climax to develop a new 741cc engine based on their 650cc lightweight boat engine. Finally, there were also a pair of older Lotus 11 models to contest the S-1100 class", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 33], "content_span": [34, 693]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075646-0012-0000", "contents": "1958 24 Hours of Le Mans, Entries\nThe S-2000 class had a diverse group of eight entries: aside from the new Lotus and the privateer Maserati, AC returned with two entries, one based around a John Tojeiro design. NART had a Ferrari 500 TR, and the British company Peerless entered a true GT car, with a Triumph engine.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 33], "content_span": [34, 317]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075646-0013-0000", "contents": "1958 24 Hours of Le Mans, Entries\nPorsche, having dominated the S-1500 class now broadened their focus by uprating two of their three works 718 RSKs with 1.6L engines. The 718RSK in the S-1500 was supported by three privately entered 550A cars. As well as a works Lotus there were two Alfa Romeo Giuliettas from the Italian Squadra Virgilio Conrero team.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 33], "content_span": [34, 354]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075646-0014-0000", "contents": "1958 24 Hours of Le Mans, Entries\nThe reduced S-1100 class was the preserve of the Coventry Climax engine \u2013 two Lotuses and a car from the new specialist designer John Tojeiro. There was a big field in the smallest S-750 class and dominated by works entries: defending champions Lotus had two cars; from France were three from Deutsch et Bonnet, four from Monopole and one from specialist VP-Renault. Italy had a pair of OSCAs and four from Stanguellini", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 33], "content_span": [34, 453]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075646-0015-0000", "contents": "1958 24 Hours of Le Mans, Practice\nAfter the success of the vintage cars in the previous year, this year on the Friday evening the ACO held a 1-hour regularity trial for classic Le Mans race-cars.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 34], "content_span": [35, 196]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075646-0016-0000", "contents": "1958 24 Hours of Le Mans, Practice\nQualifying was held over three sessions for a total of 660 minutes over the Wednesday and Thursday. Most of the qualifying runs took place on a dry track and the best time was achieved by Moss, who pushed his Aston Martin around in time of 4:07, averaging 121.7\u00a0mph. Next quickest were Brooks and most of his Aston Martin teammates, ahead of the rest of the field. Fastest Jaguar went to Fairman, who did 4 min 13 sec, a time matched by Hawthorn in his Ferrari. The others Ferraris were around the 4 min 20 sec mark.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 34], "content_span": [35, 551]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075646-0017-0000", "contents": "1958 24 Hours of Le Mans, Practice\nThe 2-litre Lotus 15 proved remarkably quick \u2013 Allison and debutante Graham Hill had the 4th and 5th fastest times in practice in a car virtually half the weight of the Ecosse Jaguars. In contrast the small works Lotus broke its new engine and had to switch to an FWC-spare.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 34], "content_span": [35, 309]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075646-0018-0000", "contents": "1958 24 Hours of Le Mans, Practice\nAs a comparison, some of the lap-times recorded during practice were:", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 34], "content_span": [35, 104]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075646-0019-0000", "contents": "1958 24 Hours of Le Mans, Race, Start\nIt was a hot and sunny afternoon when the French tricolour fell at 4 pm. The first driver away was Moss in his Aston Martin \u2013 as lightning-quick off the line as usual \u2013 chased by his teammate Brooks and the Jaguars and Ferraris. Just 4\u00bd minutes after his standing start, Moss came past at the end of the first lap with a quarter-mile, five-second, lead on Hawthorn, Brooks, von Trips, Gendebien and the Aston of Salvadori. The best Jaguar was tenth.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 37], "content_span": [38, 487]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075646-0019-0001", "contents": "1958 24 Hours of Le Mans, Race, Start\nAt the end of the second lap, Sanderson brought in one of the Ecosse Jaguars with a broken piston. Five laps later, his teammate Fairman arrived with the same terminal problem. The rapid Allison/Hill 2-litre Lotus, so fast in practise, had also retired after only three laps with a blown head-gasket.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 37], "content_span": [38, 338]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075646-0020-0000", "contents": "1958 24 Hours of Le Mans, Race, Start\nMoss was very fast \u2013 extending his lead by 3 seconds a lap over the pursuing Ferraris. Hawthorn, leading the pack, tried his hardest \u2013 setting the fastest lap of the race at 4min 08sec. After the first hour, Moss was leading Hawthorn by 26 sec. Then came von Trips, Brooks, Gendebien and Hamilton in his Jaguar, with only the first three on the lead lap. Behra's uprated Porsche was leading the 2-litre class, running in 11th ahead of bigger Ferraris, Jaguars and Listers and well ahead of the rest of their class. Meanwhile, the two OSCAs were leading the S-750 class as well as the Index of Performance. The Ecosse Jaguars were gone \u2013 the team blaming the \u2018official\u2019 fuel for burning out the pistons though it was traced to defective valvegear operation.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 37], "content_span": [38, 794]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075646-0021-0000", "contents": "1958 24 Hours of Le Mans, Race, Start\nSuch was Moss's pace, all the competitors with exception of the first three leaders, had been lapped at least once. In the next hour Moss extended his lead to 95 seconds. Hawthorn tried to keep up, but his car was now suffering from a slipping clutch, with von Trips and Brooks rapidly closing in on him.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 37], "content_span": [38, 342]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075646-0021-0001", "contents": "1958 24 Hours of Le Mans, Race, Start\nThen at 6.10pm just a lap before the first pit-stops were due, Moss stopped at the Mulsanne corner with a broken conrod. Hawthorn went to the pits for an extended stop and it was the other works Ferraris \u2013 Hill ahead of von Trips \u2013 who took up the lead positions, ahead of Brooks\u2019 Aston Martin and Hamilton's Jaguar.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 37], "content_span": [38, 354]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075646-0022-0000", "contents": "1958 24 Hours of Le Mans, Race, Start\nSoon after, the weather (which was to dominate the rest of the race) suddenly changed as an enormous storm swept across the circuit, flooding the track and reducing the visibility to nil. The track was soon awash and a terrible series of accidents began: between 6.30 and 10pm, no less than a dozen cars were involved in crashes. In the 3rd hour Maurice Charles lost control of his Jaguar in the downpour at Maison Blanche and was taken to hospital after being hit by two other cars. In the 5th hour as a second downpour started, Stuart Lewis-Evans tangled the second Aston Martin with a back-marker at Dunlop Curve doing terminal damage.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 37], "content_span": [38, 676]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075646-0023-0000", "contents": "1958 24 Hours of Le Mans, Race, Start\nBut the worst happened in the twilight just after 10pm when Jean-Marie Brussin (racing under the pseudonym \u201cMary\u201d) lost control of his Jaguar going into the sweeping Dunlop curve after the pits, hitting the earth bank, rolling and ending up near the crest of the rise. Unsighted, the next car on the scene was Bruce Kessler\u2019s NART Ferrari, running 5th, who smashed into the Jaguar and burst into flames. Kessler was fortunate to be thrown clear, receiving only heavy bruising and broken ribs, but Brussin was killed in the accident.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 37], "content_span": [38, 570]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075646-0023-0001", "contents": "1958 24 Hours of Le Mans, Race, Start\nDuncan Hamilton, running second at the time, was next to the scene but was alerted by an anonymous spectator throwing his hat onto the track \u2013 an action that Hamilton later considered possibly saved his life - by giving him just enough time to lift off and avoid the wrecked cars.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 37], "content_span": [38, 318]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075646-0024-0000", "contents": "1958 24 Hours of Le Mans, Race, Night\nHamilton was driving extremely well in the wet and soon after 10pm had his Jaguar up to second and within the hour had taken the lead after the next scheduled pit-stops. Phil Hill recalled the night-time driving: \u201cThe volume of rain was amazing but I discovered that if I sat on the tool roll to prop myself up \u2013 no, we didn\u2019t use seatbelts \u2013 and then tilted my head back and looked just over the tip of the windshield and under the bottom of my visor, the view wasn\u2019t too bad.\u201d He also keenly listened out for the sound of downshifting gears from cars ahead to get an idea of the approaching Mulsanne corner at the end of the long straight.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 37], "content_span": [38, 679]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075646-0025-0000", "contents": "1958 24 Hours of Le Mans, Race, Night\nIndeed, around 11.40pm von Trips (in the second-placed Ferrari) came to the high-speed Mulsanne kink and saw wreckage across the track and a driver lying unconscious on the road. Jean H\u00e9bert had been thrown clear when he rolled his Alfa Romeo avoiding a crashed car, and which had then caught fire. Von Trips stopped, ran back and pulled the Frenchman clear, as well as the biggest of the wreckage. When marshals ran up from the nearest post, he got back into his car and carried on his race. H\u00e9bert was not seriously injured.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 37], "content_span": [38, 564]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075646-0026-0000", "contents": "1958 24 Hours of Le Mans, Race, Night\nAnother major accident then occurred at the Dunlop curve just before midnight. American Jay Chamberlain crashed his Lotus also avoiding a spinning car. He was lucky to be picked off the track before Fran\u00e7ois Picard, in the Equipe Los Amigos Ferrari, crashed into it and destroying both cars, although both Chamberlain and Picard only received minor injuries. At 12.15am Wolfgang Seidel slipped his Ferrari, running 3rd, off at Arnage. Although only suffering light damage, it was well and truly stuck in the thick mud. Seidel was later reprimanded for not making more of an effort to dig out the car. Hill, having taken over from Gendebien, drove exceptionally through the rain to catch and pass Hamilton's co-driver Ivor Bueb to go back into the lead. By 2.30am he had established a solid lap-and-a-half advantage.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 37], "content_span": [38, 853]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075646-0027-0000", "contents": "1958 24 Hours of Le Mans, Race, Night\nHawthorn and Collins finally retired at 2am \u2013 having driven back up to 9th after falling as low as 18th with their clutch problems. NART's last Ferrari running \u2013 the 2-litre 500 TR of Rodriguez / Behra - retired just before half-time with a holed radiator. At this point, there were just 26 cars left running, just half the field. The weather was not improving. Hill/Gendebien were still leading with Hamilton/Bueb a lap adrift. Now in third, some five laps behind the leader was the Aston Martin of Brooks/Trintignant, still going strong.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 37], "content_span": [38, 577]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075646-0027-0001", "contents": "1958 24 Hours of Le Mans, Race, Night\nThe S-2000 Behra/Herrmann Porsche (proving very stable in the rain) had moved up to 4th overtaking the Whitehead brothers\u2019 Aston Martin. The Halford/Taylor Lister was 6th with the Barth/ Fr\u00e8re Porsche in 7th leading the S-1500 class. Meanwhile, in the Index of Performance, it was a very close race between the works cars of de Tomaso's OSCA and Laureau's DB", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 37], "content_span": [38, 396]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075646-0028-0000", "contents": "1958 24 Hours of Le Mans, Race, Morning\nSoon after 6am Trintignant, who had been running a solid 3rd through the night, was stopped by a broken gearbox. It ground to a halt at Mulsanne corner, where Moss had parked the sister car almost exactly twelve hours earlier.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 39], "content_span": [40, 266]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075646-0029-0000", "contents": "1958 24 Hours of Le Mans, Race, Morning\nBruce Halford's Lister-Jaguar was running in 7th when it struck engine problems. Losing half an hour replacing the camshaft it then stopped on the Mulsanne straight. Watched by a crowd, and discretely advised by his mechanic standing nearby, co-driver Brian Naylor spent over an hour repairing the gearbox on his own and bump-starting it again.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 39], "content_span": [40, 384]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075646-0030-0000", "contents": "1958 24 Hours of Le Mans, Race, Morning\nHamilton had been running a solid 2nd place all morning but it was another heavy thunderstorm around noon that led to his retirement. Coming into Arnage he was suddenly confronted with a stationary Panhard in the road. Taking avoiding action, he lost control and rolled the Jaguar which landed upside-down straddling a water-soaked ditch. Once again, he was lucky as two spectators were nearby, sheltering from the heavy rain, and could pull out the unconscious Hamilton before he drowned. He was taken to hospital with concussion, minor cuts and leg injuries.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 39], "content_span": [40, 600]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075646-0030-0001", "contents": "1958 24 Hours of Le Mans, Race, Morning\nHamilton's accident had happened right in front of Hill and the Jaguar's demise left the Hill / Gendebien Ferrari with an enormous 10-lap lead over Whitehead's Aston Martin. The Porsche team had been having an outstanding race with the Behra / Herrmann 1.6L RSK up to 3rd despite, struggling with fading brakes. The 1.5L variant of Barth/Fr\u00e8re was a lap behind and the privateer Porsche of Carel de Beaufort in 5th.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 39], "content_span": [40, 455]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075646-0031-0000", "contents": "1958 24 Hours of Le Mans, Race, Finish and post-race\nBy mid-afternoon the rain finally ceased, so it was rather ironic that the race ended in sunshine on a drying track. Hill crossed the finish line at 4pm, ending one of the wettest and most difficult 24 Heures du Mans in history. Second step on the podium went to the private-entry Aston Martin of the Whitehead brothers. Porsche completed its best Le Mans to date with a remarkable 3-4-5 result with the S-2000 and S-1500 class victories after so many of the bigger-engined cars failed.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 52], "content_span": [53, 539]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075646-0032-0000", "contents": "1958 24 Hours of Le Mans, Race, Finish and post-race\nThe OSCA of de Tomaso/Davis won the S-750 class, finishing 11th overall, having been chased hard throughout the race by the DB-Panhard of Laureau/Cornet, eventually finishing only 2 laps ahead of them. Three DBs finished, however only a single representative from Lotus, Stanguellini and Monopole got to the finish line in this largest class. In contrast, both OSCAs finished and claimed a 1-2 success in the Index of Performance, giving both major trophies to Italian cars. Alejandro de Tomaso subsequently founded his own supercar company in the next year, with his racing wife, Coca-Cola heiress, Elizabeth Isabel Haskell.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 52], "content_span": [53, 678]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075646-0032-0001", "contents": "1958 24 Hours of Le Mans, Race, Finish and post-race\nThe new Tojeiro-AC eventually finished 8th, and second in S-2000 (the only other classified finisher in the class) but 31 laps behind the Porsche. Throughout Sunday Stoop and Bolton had battled loose handling, traced to the differential mountings gradually falling apart and had driven very cautiously in the bad weather. It managed to exactly meet its Index requirements with a ratio of 1.0, whereas the other AC, finishing 2 laps behind just missed out being classified. The Lister made it to the finish but its delays had also cost it too much time to be classified.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 52], "content_span": [53, 622]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075646-0033-0000", "contents": "1958 24 Hours of Le Mans, Race, Finish and post-race\nThis was Ferrari's third win, and coincidentally, the 1954 second victory had also been a contest in the rain versus Duncan Hamilton's Jaguar. This time however none of the Jaguars or works Aston Martins finished. Despite the atrocious weather for most of the race, the race distance of winners Gendebien and Hill would still have given them fifth place in the previous year's race. For the fourth consecutive race, Hawthorn was the quickest driver over a single lap, but his best lap of 4\u2019 08 was well down on his 3\u2019 58.7 record of 1957.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 52], "content_span": [53, 591]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075646-0033-0001", "contents": "1958 24 Hours of Le Mans, Race, Finish and post-race\nSadly, this was the last Le Mans for the Ferrari works drivers: both Musso and Collins were killed in Grand Prix later in the year and, after retiring as the 1958 F1 World Champion, Hawthorn would also be killed within the next year. In a grim year it also saw the death of Peter Whitehead, killed in an accident when his half-brother was driving in the Tour de France Automobile.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 52], "content_span": [53, 433]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075646-0034-0000", "contents": "1958 24 Hours of Le Mans, Official results\nResults taken from Quentin Spurring's book, officially licensed by the ACOClass Winners are in Bold text.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 42], "content_span": [43, 148]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075646-0035-0000", "contents": "1958 24 Hours of Le Mans, Statistics\nTaken from Quentin Spurring's book, officially licensed by the ACO", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 36], "content_span": [37, 103]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075646-0036-0000", "contents": "1958 24 Hours of Le Mans, Standings after the race\nChampionship points were awarded for the first six places in each race in the order of 8-6-4-3-2-1. Manufacturers were only awarded points for their highest finishing car with no points awarded for additional cars finishing. Only the best 4 results out of the 6 races would be included for the final score. Total points earned, but not counted towards the championship, are given in brackets.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 50], "content_span": [51, 443]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075647-0000-0000", "contents": "1958 6 Hour Production Car Race (Caversham)\nThe 1958 6 Hour Production Car Race was an endurance motor race staged on 2 June 1958 at the Caversham Circuit, in Western Australia. It was open to production cars competing in \"Sports Car\" and \"Sedan Car\" classes. The race, which was the fourth in a sequence of annual \"Six Hour Le Mans\" races to be held in Western Australia between 1955 and 1972 was won by Jim Harwood and Bill Downey driving a Triumph TR2.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 43], "section_span": [43, 43], "content_span": [44, 455]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075648-0000-0000", "contents": "1958 A Group\nStatistics of Bulgarian A Football Group in the 1958 season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 12], "section_span": [12, 12], "content_span": [13, 73]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075648-0001-0000", "contents": "1958 A Group, Overview\nIt was contested by 12 teams, and CSKA Sofia won the championship.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 12], "section_span": [14, 22], "content_span": [23, 89]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075648-0002-0000", "contents": "1958 A Group, League standings\nNote: A decision is taken to move from a spring-fall, to a fall-spring calendar. Because of this a transitional half-season took place in spring 1958. The teams met each other only once. Because of this no relegation or promotion took place.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 12], "section_span": [14, 30], "content_span": [31, 272]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075649-0000-0000", "contents": "1958 ACC Men's Basketball Tournament\nThe 1958 Atlantic Coast Conference Men's Basketball Tournament was held in Raleigh, North Carolina, at Reynolds Coliseum from March 6\u20138, 1958. Maryland defeated North Carolina, 86\u201374, to win their first ACC championship, making Maryland the first school outside North Carolina to win the title. Nick Davis of Maryland was named tournament MVP.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [36, 36], "content_span": [37, 380]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075651-0000-0000", "contents": "1958 Aeroflot Tu-104 Kanash crash\nThe  1958 Aeroflot \u0422u-104 Kanash crash occurred on 17 October 1958 when a Tupolev Tu-104A operated by Aeroflot flying an international route from Beijing to Moscow crashed in bad weather near the town of Kanash, Chuvashia, Russia, four hundred miles east of Moscow, killing all 80 people on board. The flight was carrying high-level diplomatic delegations from numerous Soviet aligned countries such as China, East Germany, and Czechoslovakia. It was just the second fatal accident involving the Tu-104 which had been introduced into Aeroflot's inventory two years earlier, and the deadliest in the aircraft's history until the crash of Aeroflot Flight 902 in 1962.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [33, 33], "content_span": [34, 699]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075651-0001-0000", "contents": "1958 Aeroflot Tu-104 Kanash crash, Aircraft\nThe aircraft involved in the accident was a Tupolev Tu-104A, registered CCCP-42362 to Aeroflot. The Tu-104A was a relatively new aircraft at the time, having been introduced in 1956. It was based on the design of the Soviet strategic bomber, Tupolev Tu-16, but included a wider, pressurized fuselage in order to seat passengers. At the time of the accident, CCCP-42362 had sustained a mere 465 flight hours and had been in service for less than three months.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 43], "content_span": [44, 502]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075651-0002-0000", "contents": "1958 Aeroflot Tu-104 Kanash crash, Passengers and crew, Crew\nAboard were three flight attendants and a cockpit crew consisting of:", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 60], "content_span": [61, 130]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075651-0003-0000", "contents": "1958 Aeroflot Tu-104 Kanash crash, Passengers and crew, Passengers\nThe passengers on board the flight consisted by and large of diplomatic delegations from numerous foreign nations, most of them Soviet allies, who were on their way to Moscow for an official event. The largest group of passengers aboard the aircraft were Soviet citizens, however a sixteen-person Chinese Communist delegation, led by prominent writer and academic Cheng Chen-to (Zheng Zhenduo) and Tsai Sha-fan, comprised the largest group of foreign citizens on the flight. The single Cambodian citizen on the flight was Cambodia's ambassador to China.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 66], "content_span": [67, 620]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075651-0004-0000", "contents": "1958 Aeroflot Tu-104 Kanash crash, Synopsis\nCCCP-42362 took off from Beijing en route to Moscow on 17 October 1958. It landed at its stopover in Omsk, Russia before continuing west to its final destination. As it neared Moscow-Vnukovo Airport, authorization to land was denied by controllers due to heavy fog. The pilots diverted to their alternate, Gorky Airport, before proceeding to Sverdlovsk after the weather in Gorky was also deemed unsuitable for landing. At this point the aircraft was flying at an altitude of 10,000 meters (33,000\u00a0ft) when it suddenly flew into an area of high turbulence causing the aircraft to experience a sudden and drastic increase in pitch.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 43], "content_span": [44, 674]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075651-0005-0000", "contents": "1958 Aeroflot Tu-104 Kanash crash, Synopsis\nCaught in a powerful updraft, the aircraft abruptly reached an altitude of 12,000 meters (39,000\u00a0ft). According to one of the pilots per the cockpit voice recording, the aircraft was \"standing on its hind legs\", and shortly after it entered a sharp, near vertical dive followed by a spin. Despite the efforts of the crew, the force on the aircraft's horizontal stabilizers was too great for the pilots to overcome and an impact with the ground became inevitable. The flight's pilot-in-command, Harold Kuznetsov, instructed the radio operator to transmit details about the aircraft's situation to ground controllers before shouting \"... we're dying! Goodbye! \", according to the black box recordings. At 21:30 MSK, the Tu-104A crashed near Apnerka rail station, west of the town of Kanash.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 43], "content_span": [44, 832]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075651-0006-0000", "contents": "1958 Aeroflot Tu-104 Kanash crash, Conclusions\nThe investigation into the crash was led by Minister of Aircraft Production Mikhail Khrunichev and Chief Air Marshal Pavel Zhigarev, the head of Aeroflot. The cause of the crash was determined to be a loss of control as a result of the aircraft flying into an area of strong turbulence which caused it to exceed critical angles of attack. This conclusion was reached by comparing the experience of other Tu-104 pilots who reported similar cases after flying at altitudes of 8,000 meters (26,000\u00a0ft)) and higher, and examination of the cockpit voice recordings. As a result of the crash, authorities limited the maximum flight level of the Tu-104 to 9,000 meters (29,500\u00a0ft) and a redesign of the aircraft's stabilizers was undertaken.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 46], "content_span": [47, 781]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075652-0000-0000", "contents": "1958 Air Force Falcons football team\nThe 1958 Air Force Falcons football team represented the United States Air Force Academy in the 1958 NCAA University Division football season. The Falcons did not have an official stadium until Falcon Stadium opened in 1962, but played most of their home games at DU Stadium at the University of Denver.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [36, 36], "content_span": [37, 340]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075652-0001-0000", "contents": "1958 Air Force Falcons football team\nThey were led by first year head coach Ben Martin and played the fourth season for the Air Force Falcons football program. The Falcons were independent, and finished undefeated with a record of 9\u20130\u20132. They made their first AP and coaches poll appearances, as well as their first bowl appearance in the Cotton Bowl against TCU, which ended in a scoreless tie.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [36, 36], "content_span": [37, 395]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075652-0002-0000", "contents": "1958 Air Force Falcons football team\nAir Force did not play Army or Navy this season; Army was first played in 1959 and Navy in 1960.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [36, 36], "content_span": [37, 133]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075653-0000-0000", "contents": "1958 Akron Zips football team\nThe 1958 Akron Zips football team represented Akron University in the 1958 NCAA College Division football season as a member of the Ohio Athletic Conference. Led by fifth-year head coach Joe McMullen, the Zips played their home games at the Rubber Bowl in Akron, Ohio. They finished the season with a record of 6\u20132\u20131 overall and 6\u20132 in OAC play. They outscored their opponents 166\u201382.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [29, 29], "content_span": [30, 414]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075654-0000-0000", "contents": "1958 Alabama Crimson Tide football team\nThe 1958 Alabama Crimson Tide football team (variously \"Alabama\", \"UA\" or \"Bama\") represented the University of Alabama in the 1958 NCAA University Division football season. It was the Crimson Tide's 64th overall and 25th season as a member of the Southeastern Conference (SEC). The team was led by head coach Bear Bryant, in his first year, and played their home games at Denny Stadium in Tuscaloosa, Legion Field in Birmingham and at Ladd Stadium in Mobile, Alabama. They finished with a record of five wins, four losses and one tie (5\u20134\u20131 overall, 3\u20134\u20131 in the SEC). As they finished the season above .500, Alabama secured its first winning season since 1953, and their five victories gave Bryant more wins games in one season than former head coach Jennings B. Whitworth did in previous three.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [39, 39], "content_span": [40, 837]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075654-0001-0000", "contents": "1958 Alabama Crimson Tide football team\nOn December 3, 1957, the University formally introduced then Texas A&M head coach and former Crimson Tide player Bear Bryant as the new head coach of the Crimson Tide. In the season opener, Bama led future national champion LSU 3\u20130 at the half before they lost 13\u20133, and the next week played a ranked Vanderbilt team to a scoreless tie. In their third game, the Crimson Tide defeated Furman for the first victory of the Bryant era. After a loss at Tennessee, Alabama then defeated then No. 19 Mississippi State for their first victory over a ranked team since 1953 and followed that with a win over Georgia on homecoming.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [39, 39], "content_span": [40, 661]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075654-0002-0000", "contents": "1958 Alabama Crimson Tide football team\nThe Crimson Tide were then upset at Tulane on a Friday evening, but bounced back with wins over Georgia Tech and Memphis State that secured Alabama's first winning season since 1953. After they closed the season with a loss against Auburn, Alabama declined an invitation to compete in the Bluegrass Bowl to end Bryant's first season and became the only Bryant coached team at Alabama to not have participated in a bowl game.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [39, 39], "content_span": [40, 464]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075654-0003-0000", "contents": "1958 Alabama Crimson Tide football team, Game summaries, LSU\nTo open the Bear Bryant era, Alabama led 3\u20130 at halftime but lost 13\u20133 to the eventual national champion LSU Tigers in Ladd Stadium in Mobile. After a scoreless first quarter, the Crimson Tide took a 3\u20130 halftime lead after Fred Sington, Jr. connected on an eight-yard field goal. Midway through the half, a section of bleachers in the north end zone collapsed and resulted in 60 spectators being injured. The collapse resulted in a stoppage of play while emergency responders worked to assist those injured by the collapse.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 60], "content_span": [61, 585]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075654-0004-0000", "contents": "1958 Alabama Crimson Tide football team, Game summaries, LSU\nLSU took a 7\u20133 lead in the third quarter when Warren Rabb threw a nine-yard touchdown pass to Johnny Robinson that capped a 67-yard drive. Billy Cannon then scored on a 12-yard touchdown run in the fourth quarter that made the final score 13\u20133. For the game, the Tigers were led by head coach Paul Dietzel who previously served as an assistant coach for Bryant during his tenure at Kentucky. The loss brought Alabama's all-time record against LSU to 15\u20138\u20134.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 60], "content_span": [61, 518]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075654-0005-0000", "contents": "1958 Alabama Crimson Tide football team, Game summaries, Vanderbilt\nIn their first Legion Field game of the 1958 season, the Crimson Tide played the Vanderbilt Commodores to a 0\u20130 tie in Birmingham. The tie brought Alabama's all-time record against Vanderbilt to 18\u201316\u20133.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 67], "content_span": [68, 271]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075654-0006-0000", "contents": "1958 Alabama Crimson Tide football team, Game summaries, Furman\nIn their first Denny Stadium game of the 1958 season, the Crimson Tide notched the first victory of the Bryant era with this 29\u20136 win over the Furman Purple Hurricane in Tuscaloosa. The Crimson Tide took an early 20\u20130 lead after they scored three touchdowns in the final four minutes of the first quarter. Bobby Jackson scored first on a two-yard run, the second was scored on a 16-yard Jackson pass to Laurien Stapp and the third on a 56-yard Gary O'Steen punt return.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 63], "content_span": [64, 533]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075654-0006-0001", "contents": "1958 Alabama Crimson Tide football team, Game summaries, Furman\nA 24-yard Pete Reaves field goal in the second quarter extended the Alabama lead to 23\u20130 at halftime. In the third quarter, Furman scored their only points of the game on a nine-yard Roy Nickles touchdown run. The Crimson Tide responded with a 61-yard Bobby Smith touchdown pass to O'Steen that made the final score 29\u20136. The victory improved Alabama's all-time record against Furman to 4\u20130.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 63], "content_span": [64, 455]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075654-0007-0000", "contents": "1958 Alabama Crimson Tide football team, Game summaries, Tennessee\nIn their annual rivalry game against Tennessee, a pair of Billy Majors touchdowns for the Volunteers provided for the final margin in their 14\u20137 victory in Knoxville. After a scoreless first quarter, the Vols took a 7\u20130 halftime lead when Majors scored on a one-yard run on the first play of the second quarter. He then extended the Tennessee lead to 14\u20130 in the third on a seven-yard run, before Alabama made the final score 14\u20137 on a one-yard Bobby Jackson touchdown run. In the game, Alabama fumbled the ball five times and Tennessee recovered three of them. The loss brought Alabama's all-time record against Tennessee to 18\u201318\u20135.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 66], "content_span": [67, 701]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075654-0008-0000", "contents": "1958 Alabama Crimson Tide football team, Game summaries, Mississippi State\nOn what was homecoming in Starkville, the Crimson Tide upset the Mississippi State Maroons 9\u20137 and secured Bryant's first SEC victory. Alabama took a 3\u20130 first quarter lead after Fred Sington, Jr. connected on a 22-yard field goal. Still up by three in the third quarter, the Crimson Tide scored their only touchdown of the game on a 21-yard Bobby Jackson pass to Norbie Ronsonet and extended their lead to 9\u20130. The Maroons managed their only points late in the fourth on a six-yard Billy Stacy touchdown run that made the final score 9\u20137. The victory was Alabama's first over a ranked opponent since their win over Auburn in 1953 and improved Alabama's all-time record against Mississippi State to 30\u201310\u20133.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 74], "content_span": [75, 782]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075654-0009-0000", "contents": "1958 Alabama Crimson Tide football team, Game summaries, Georgia\nOn homecoming in Tuscaloosa, Alabama shutout the Georgia Bulldogs 12\u20130 for their second consecutive conference victory. The Crimson Tide took a 6\u20130 first quarter lead after Gary O'Steen scored on a 14-yard run and then made the final score 12\u20130 late in the fourth quarter on a short Bobby Jackson touchdown run. The victory gave Alabama their first two-game winning streak since the 1954 season and improved Alabama's all-time record against Georgia to 23\u201317\u20134.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 64], "content_span": [65, 526]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075654-0010-0000", "contents": "1958 Alabama Crimson Tide football team, Game summaries, Tulane\nOn a Friday evening at New Orleans, the Crimson Tide were defeated 13\u20137 by the Tulane Green Wave after they turned the ball over on downs late in the fourth quarter. Richie Petitbon gave Tulane an early 6\u20130 lead with his two-yard touchdown run in the first quarter. Petitbon then extended the Green Wave lead to 13\u20130 late in the third on a one-yard run before Alabama scored their lone touchdown of the game. The only Crimson Tide points came on a one-yard Bobby Jackson touchdown run that capped a 73-yard drive in the fourth quarter. The loss brought Alabama's all-time record against Tulane to 17\u201310\u20132.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 63], "content_span": [64, 669]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075654-0011-0000", "contents": "1958 Alabama Crimson Tide football team, Game summaries, Georgia Tech\nBehind a 17-point first quarter, the Crimson Tide upset the Georgia Tech Yellow Jackets 17\u20138 on homecoming at Grant Field. All 17 first quarter points were scored on drives that immediately followed a turnover. Bobby Jackson first scored on a one-yard touchdown run to cap a drive that started after a fumble was recovered by Baxter Booth. Duff Morrison's interception then set up the next Alabama scoring drive that ended when Pete Reaves connected on a 19-yard field goal for a 10\u20130 lead.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 69], "content_span": [70, 560]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075654-0011-0001", "contents": "1958 Alabama Crimson Tide football team, Game summaries, Georgia Tech\nThe lead was then extended to 17\u20130 on a five-yard Jackson run that completed a drive started at the Tech 20-yard line when Milton Frank recovered a fumble. The only Yellow Jacket points came in the third quarter when a Calvin James fumble was recovered by Billy Shaw for a touchdown that made the final score 17\u20138 after a successful two-point conversion. The victory improved Alabama's all-time record against Georgia Tech to 19\u201318\u20133.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 69], "content_span": [70, 504]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075654-0012-0000", "contents": "1958 Alabama Crimson Tide football team, Game summaries, Memphis State\nIn what was the first all-time meeting against Memphis State, the Crimson Tide shutout the Tigers 14\u20130 in the final Denny Stadium game of the season. Alabama took a 6\u20130 first quarter lead after Bobby Jackson threw a 62-yard touchdown pass to Marlin Dyess on the first offensive play of the game. Jackson then scored what proved to be the final points of the game with his 18-yard touchdown run in the second quarter. He then successfully converted the two-point conversion that made the final score 14\u20130.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 70], "content_span": [71, 575]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075654-0013-0000", "contents": "1958 Alabama Crimson Tide football team, Game summaries, Auburn\nAgainst rival Auburn, the Crimson Tide nearly upset the No. 2 ranked Tigers but lost 14\u20138 at Legion Field in what was the closest game between the schools since the 1953 season. The Tigers' took an early 7\u20130 lead after Dick Wood threw a three-yard touchdown pass to Jim Pettus in the first quarter. Neither team would score again until late in the fourth quarter when Auburn went up 14\u20130 on a one-yard Jim Reynolds touchdown run. Alabama responded with a nine-yard Marlin Dyess touchdown run that cut the Tigers' lead to 14\u20138 after they converted a two-point conversion. The loss brought Alabama's all-time record against Auburn to 9\u201313\u20131.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 63], "content_span": [64, 703]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075654-0014-0000", "contents": "1958 Alabama Crimson Tide football team, Bluegrass Bowl\nAfter their victory over Memphis State, Alabama players voted to accept any potential bowl bid if one was extended to the team. As they entered their final game of the season against Auburn, officials from the Bluegrass Bowl announced that the Crimson Tide was their top choice to participate in the inaugural event regardless of the outcome against the Tigers. Although the Crimson Tide were their top choice, on December 1, bowl officials announced that Florida State and Oklahoma State would participate in the game.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 55], "content_span": [56, 575]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075654-0015-0000", "contents": "1958 Alabama Crimson Tide football team, Bluegrass Bowl\nIt was reported that prior to the announcement, the game was to have seen a rematch of Alabama against Vanderbilt, but that no deal was reached. After the Crimson Tide declined the invitation, Florida State accepted it. Years later, Bryant stated he regretted he did not accept the bid as it would have allowed for additional practice time at the conclusion of the season. The 1958 season also marked the only one where a Bryant-led team at Alabama failed to participate in a bowl game.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 55], "content_span": [56, 542]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075654-0016-0000", "contents": "1958 Alabama Crimson Tide football team, Freshmen squad\nPrior to the 1972 NCAA University Division football season, NCAA rules prohibited freshmen from participating on the varsity team, and as such many schools fielded freshmen teams. For the 1958 season, the Alabama freshmen squad was coached by Sam Bailey and finished their season with a record of two wins, zero losses and one tie (2\u20130\u20131). In their first game against the Mississippi State Baby Maroons, a 27-yard Jimmy Spencer field goal fell short with under a minute left, and the game ended in a scoreless tie at Starkville.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 55], "content_span": [56, 584]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075654-0016-0001", "contents": "1958 Alabama Crimson Tide football team, Freshmen squad\nIn their second game, the Crimson Tide defeated Tulane 25\u20136 before 3,000 fans at Denny Stadium. After the game was tied 6\u20136 at halftime, Alabama scored 19 unanswered points in the second half to win. Touchdowns were scored by Mal Moore on a one-yard run, a 37-yard Moore pass to Tommy Brooker and on a 22-yard Ronnie Davis pass to Steve Anderson. The Baby Tide then closed the season with a 14\u20136 win over Auburn in a game that saw touchdowns scored of runs of 10-yards by Jerry Rich and one-yard by Pat Trammell.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 55], "content_span": [56, 568]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075654-0017-0000", "contents": "1958 Alabama Crimson Tide football team, NFL Draft\nAt the conclusion of the season several members of the 1958 squad were drafted into the National Football League. These players included: Bobby Jackson in the seventh round to the Green Bay Packers, Ernie Moore in the 29th round to the Los Angeles Rams and Dave Sington in the 30th round to the New York Giants.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 50], "content_span": [51, 362]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075655-0000-0000", "contents": "1958 Alabama gubernatorial election\nThe 1958 Alabama gubernatorial election was held on November 3, 1958. Incumbent Democrat Jim Folsom was term limited and could not seek a second consecutive term.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [35, 35], "content_span": [36, 198]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075655-0001-0000", "contents": "1958 Alabama gubernatorial election, Democratic Party nomination\nAt this time Alabama was a de facto one-party state. Because of this, every Democratic Party nominee was considered safe for election. The real contest for governor took place during the primary.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 64], "content_span": [65, 260]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075655-0002-0000", "contents": "1958 Alabama gubernatorial election, Democratic Party nomination\nPopular incumbent Governor Jim Folsom, a racial moderate, was barred from running for reelection, as Governors could not succeed themselves at the time. Therefore, the Democratic primary was an open contest.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 64], "content_span": [65, 272]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075655-0003-0000", "contents": "1958 Alabama gubernatorial election, Democratic Party nomination, Candidates\nThe two front-runners, Patterson and Wallace, held deeply different positions on racial segregation issues. While Patterson, known primarily as crime-fighting attorney general, ran on a very segregationist platform and accepted an official endorsement from Ku Klux Klan, Wallace, a close ally of Folsom, refused to cooperate with the KKK and was endorsed by the NAACP.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 76], "content_span": [77, 445]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075655-0004-0000", "contents": "1958 Alabama gubernatorial election, Democratic Party nomination, Runoff\nBecause none of candidates won a majority, a runoff was held on June 24, 1958, in order to determine which candidate received the nomination.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 72], "content_span": [73, 214]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075655-0005-0000", "contents": "1958 Alabama gubernatorial election, Republican Party nomination\nWilliam Longshore, a former Republican Party nominee for the U.S. House of Representatives from the 9th district (lost, winning 34.12% votes) won the gubernatorial nomination unopposed.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 64], "content_span": [65, 250]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075655-0006-0000", "contents": "1958 Alabama gubernatorial election, General election\nAfter his defeat, George Wallace, who was a racial moderate, modified his public position in order to gain the white support necessary to win the next election.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 53], "content_span": [54, 214]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075656-0000-0000", "contents": "1958 Alaska gubernatorial election\nThe 1958 Alaska gubernatorial election took place on November 25, 1958, for the post of Governor of Alaska. It was Alaska's first gubernatorial election as a U.S. state, although this did not take effect until January 3, 1959. Democratic State Senator William A. Egan defeated Republican State Senator John Butrovich.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [34, 34], "content_span": [35, 352]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075657-0000-0000", "contents": "1958 Albanian Cup\n1958 Albanian Cup (Albanian: Kupa e Shqip\u00ebris\u00eb) was the tenth season of Albania's annual cup competition. It began in Spring 1958 with the First Round and ended in May 1958 with the Final match. KF Partizani were the defending champions, having won their third Albanian Cup last season. The cup was won by KF Partizani.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [17, 17], "content_span": [18, 337]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075657-0001-0000", "contents": "1958 Albanian Cup\nThe rounds were played in a one-legged format similar to those of European competitions. If the number of goals was equal, the match was decided by extra time and a penalty shootout, if necessary.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [17, 17], "content_span": [18, 214]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075657-0002-0000", "contents": "1958 Albanian Cup, Second round\nIn this round entered the 16 winners from the previous round. First and second legs were played in March, 1958.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 31], "content_span": [32, 143]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075657-0003-0000", "contents": "1958 Albanian Cup, Quarter finals\nIn this round entered the 8 winners from the previous round.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 33], "content_span": [34, 94]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075657-0004-0000", "contents": "1958 Albanian Cup, Semifinals\nIn this round entered the four winners from the previous round.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 29], "content_span": [30, 93]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075658-0000-0000", "contents": "1958 Albanian National Championship\nThe 1958 Albanian National Championship was the 21st season of the Albanian National Championship, the top professional league for association football clubs, since its establishment in 1930.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [35, 35], "content_span": [36, 227]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075658-0001-0000", "contents": "1958 Albanian National Championship, Overview\nIt was contested by 8 teams, and Partizani won the championship.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 45], "content_span": [46, 110]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075658-0002-0000", "contents": "1958 Albanian National Championship, League standings\nNote: '17 N\u00ebntori' is KF Tirana and 'Lokomotiva Durr\u00ebs' is Teuta", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 53], "content_span": [54, 118]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075659-0000-0000", "contents": "1958 Albanian parliamentary election\nParliamentary elections were held in the People's Republic of Albania on 1 June 1958. The Democratic Front was the only party able to contest the elections, and subsequently won all 188 seats. Voter turnout was reported to be almost 100%.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [36, 36], "content_span": [37, 275]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075660-0000-0000", "contents": "1958 All England Badminton Championships\nThe 1958 All England Championships was a badminton tournament held at Wembley, London, England, from 19\u201323 March 1958.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [40, 40], "content_span": [41, 159]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075661-0000-0000", "contents": "1958 All-Atlantic Coast Conference football team\nThe 1958 All-Atlantic Coast Conference football team consists of American football players chosen by various selectors for their All-Atlantic Coast Conference (\"ACC\") teams for the 1958 NCAA University Division football season. Selectors in 1958 included the Associated Press (AP) and the United Press International (UPI). Players selected to the first team by both the AP and UPI are displayed below in bold.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 48], "section_span": [48, 48], "content_span": [49, 458]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075662-0000-0000", "contents": "1958 All-Big Seven Conference football team\nThe 1958 All-Big Seven Conference football team consists of American football players chosen by various organizations for All-Big Seven Conference teams for the 1958 NCAA University Division football season. The selectors for the 1958 season included the Associated Press (AP) and the United Press International (UPI). Players selected as first-team players by both the AP and UPI are designated in bold.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 43], "section_span": [43, 43], "content_span": [44, 448]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075663-0000-0000", "contents": "1958 All-Big Ten Conference football team\nThe 1958 All-Big Ten Conference football team consists of American football players chosen by various organizations for All-Big Ten Conference teams for the 1958 Big Ten Conference football season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 41], "section_span": [41, 41], "content_span": [42, 239]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075663-0001-0000", "contents": "1958 All-Big Ten Conference football team, Key\nUPI = United Press International, selected by the conference coaches", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 41], "section_span": [43, 46], "content_span": [47, 115]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075663-0002-0000", "contents": "1958 All-Big Ten Conference football team, Key\nBold = Consensus first-team selection of both the AP and UPI", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 41], "section_span": [43, 46], "content_span": [47, 107]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075664-0000-0000", "contents": "1958 All-Ireland Minor Football Championship\nThe 1958 All-Ireland Minor Football Championship was the 27th staging of the All-Ireland Minor Football Championship, the Gaelic Athletic Association's premier inter-county Gaelic football tournament for boys under the age of 18.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [44, 44], "content_span": [45, 274]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075664-0001-0000", "contents": "1958 All-Ireland Minor Football Championship\nMeath entered the championship as defending champions, however, they were defeated in the Leinster Championship.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [44, 44], "content_span": [45, 157]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075664-0002-0000", "contents": "1958 All-Ireland Minor Football Championship\nOn 29 September 1958, Dublin won the championship following a 2-02 to 0-8 defeat of Mayo in the All-Ireland final. This was their sixth All-Ireland title overall and their first in two championship seasons.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [44, 44], "content_span": [45, 251]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075665-0000-0000", "contents": "1958 All-Ireland Minor Hurling Championship\nThe 1958 All-Ireland Minor Hurling Championship was the 28th staging of the All-Ireland Minor Hurling Championship since its establishment by the Gaelic Athletic Association in 1928. The championship began on 6 April 1958 and ended on 7 September 1958.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 43], "section_span": [43, 43], "content_span": [44, 296]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075665-0001-0000", "contents": "1958 All-Ireland Minor Hurling Championship\nTipperary entered the championship as the defending champions in search of a fourth successive title, however, they were beaten by Limerick in the Munster quarter-final.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 43], "section_span": [43, 43], "content_span": [44, 213]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075665-0002-0000", "contents": "1958 All-Ireland Minor Hurling Championship\nOn 7 September 1958 Limerick won the championship following a 5-8 to 3-10 defeat of Galway in the All-Ireland final. This was their second All-Ireland title and their first in 15 championship seasons.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 43], "section_span": [43, 43], "content_span": [44, 244]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075666-0000-0000", "contents": "1958 All-Ireland Senior Camogie Championship\nThe 1958 All-Ireland Senior Camogie Championship was the high point of the 1958 season in Camogie. The championship was won by Dublin who defeated Tipperary by a 15-point margin in the final.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [44, 44], "content_span": [45, 236]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075666-0001-0000", "contents": "1958 All-Ireland Senior Camogie Championship, Championship\nTipeprary were trained by 1930s hurler Bernard Sands. Mary England Kathleen Downes, Kathleen Griffin (two each), Edie Merrigan and Breda Scully scored in Tipperary's dramatic eight goals to 5-1 emi-final victory over Antrim at Roscrea. The match produced such a high standard of hurling that the spectators were applauding for most of the game, The Nenagh Guardian reported. Galway described the semi-final encounter as its biggest ever camogie fixture.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [46, 58], "content_span": [59, 512]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075666-0002-0000", "contents": "1958 All-Ireland Senior Camogie Championship, Final\nThe final was played after the Tipperary v Kilkenny hurling semi-final with some 6-7,000 of the 53,357 attendance staying on to view the camogie match. Financial restraints prevented Tipperary from booking into a hotel and so players had made their own way to Dublin and some had stayed overnight with relatives. They took the lead with a goal from Kathleen Downes in the first minute of the game. from the tenth minute Dublin asserted their dominance. Mitchel Cogley wrote in the Irish Independent:", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [46, 51], "content_span": [52, 551]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075666-0003-0000", "contents": "1958 All-Ireland Senior Camogie Championship, Final\nTipperary flattered only to deceive for the opening ten minutes and even allowing for a couple of fine efforts later on, they were defending for most of the game. For once Kathleen Mills did not display her general all-round ability, but as a contribution to winning her 13th All-Ireland medal she scored a wonder goal which must rank as the greatest ever seen. From fully 45 yards out on the sideline, the CIE club girl with deadly accuracy gave Cathleen Carroll no chance.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [46, 51], "content_span": [52, 526]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075666-0003-0001", "contents": "1958 All-Ireland Senior Camogie Championship, Final\nDublin's strength lay in the ability of Kathleen Ryder and Una O\u2019Connor to make the most of their chances against a Tipperary defence that put in extremely hard work for a major portion of the second half. Cathleen Carroll, the Roscrea girl who kept goal for Tipperary played well and added to the numerous goalmouth thrills by bringing off a couple of freakish saves.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [46, 51], "content_span": [52, 420]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075667-0000-0000", "contents": "1958 All-Ireland Senior Camogie Championship Final\nThe 1958 All-Ireland Senior Camogie Championship Final was the 27th All-Ireland Final and the deciding match of the 1958 All-Ireland Senior Camogie Championship, an inter-county camogie tournament for the top teams in Ireland.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 50], "section_span": [50, 50], "content_span": [51, 277]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075667-0001-0000", "contents": "1958 All-Ireland Senior Camogie Championship Final\nThe game was played after the Tipperary-Kilkenny hurling semi-final (hence the high attendance figure). Dublin had a comfortable victory.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 50], "section_span": [50, 50], "content_span": [51, 188]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075668-0000-0000", "contents": "1958 All-Ireland Senior Football Championship\nThe 1958 All-Ireland Senior Football Championship was won by Dublin, who beat Derry in the final. The championship, the premier competition in Gaelic football, is a series of games organised by the Gaelic Athletic Association and played during the summer and early autumn. A young Martin O'Neill was at the game with his mother, his older brother played in the final.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 45], "section_span": [45, 45], "content_span": [46, 413]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075669-0000-0000", "contents": "1958 All-Ireland Senior Football Championship Final\nThe 1958 All-Ireland Senior Football Championship Final was the 71st All-Ireland Final and the deciding match of the 1958 All-Ireland Senior Football Championship, an inter-county Gaelic football tournament for the top teams in Ireland.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 51], "section_span": [51, 51], "content_span": [52, 288]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075669-0001-0000", "contents": "1958 All-Ireland Senior Football Championship Final\nDublin won comfortably over Derry, appearing in their first final, with goals by Owen Gribben and Paddy Farnan.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 51], "section_span": [51, 51], "content_span": [52, 163]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075670-0000-0000", "contents": "1958 All-Ireland Senior Hurling Championship\nThe All-Ireland Senior Hurling Championship of 1958 was the 72nd staging of Ireland's premier hurling knock-out competition. Tipperary won the championship, beating Galway 4-9 to 2-5 in the final at Croke Park, Dublin.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [44, 44], "content_span": [45, 263]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075670-0001-0000", "contents": "1958 All-Ireland Senior Hurling Championship, The championship, Format, Leinster Championship\nFirst round: (2 matches) These are two lone matches between four 'weaker' teams from the province. Two teams are eliminated at this stage while the two winners advance to the second round.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [46, 93], "content_span": [94, 282]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075670-0002-0000", "contents": "1958 All-Ireland Senior Hurling Championship, The championship, Format, Leinster Championship\nSecond round: (1 match) This is a single match between the two winners of the first round. One team is eliminated at this stage while the winners advance to the semi-finals.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [46, 93], "content_span": [94, 267]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075670-0003-0000", "contents": "1958 All-Ireland Senior Hurling Championship, The championship, Format, Leinster Championship\nSemi-finals: (2 matches) The winners of the second round game join three other Leinster teams to make up the semi-final pairings. Two teams are eliminated at this stage, while two teams advance to the Leinster final.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [46, 93], "content_span": [94, 310]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075670-0004-0000", "contents": "1958 All-Ireland Senior Hurling Championship, The championship, Format, Leinster Championship\nFinal: (1 match) The winners of the two semi-finals contest this game. One team is eliminated at this stage, while the winners advance to the All-Ireland semi-final.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [46, 93], "content_span": [94, 259]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075670-0005-0000", "contents": "1958 All-Ireland Senior Hurling Championship, The championship, Format, Munster Championship\nFirst round: (2 matches) These are two lone matches between the first four teams drawn from the province of Munster. Two teams are eliminated at this stage while two teams advance to the semi-finals.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [46, 92], "content_span": [93, 292]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075670-0006-0000", "contents": "1958 All-Ireland Senior Hurling Championship, The championship, Format, Munster Championship\nSemi-finals: (2 matches) The winners of the two quarter-finals join the other two Munster teams to make up the semi-final pairings. Two teams are eliminated at this stage while two teams advance to the final.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [46, 92], "content_span": [93, 301]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075670-0007-0000", "contents": "1958 All-Ireland Senior Hurling Championship, The championship, Format, Munster Championship\nFinal: (1 match) The winners of the two semi-finals contest this game. One team is eliminated at this stage while the winners advance to the All-Ireland semi-final.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [46, 92], "content_span": [93, 257]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075670-0008-0000", "contents": "1958 All-Ireland Senior Hurling Championship, The championship, Format, All-Ireland Hurling Championship\nSemi-finals: (1 match) The Munster and Leinster champions contest this game. One team is eliminated at this stage while the winners advance to the All-Ireland final.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [46, 104], "content_span": [105, 270]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075670-0009-0000", "contents": "1958 All-Ireland Senior Hurling Championship, The championship, Format, All-Ireland Hurling Championship\nFinal: (1 match) The winner of the lone semi-final joins Galway, who received a bye, to contest the final.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [46, 104], "content_span": [105, 211]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075671-0000-0000", "contents": "1958 All-Ireland Senior Hurling Championship Final\nThe 1958 All-Ireland Senior Hurling Championship Final was the 71st All-Ireland Final and the culmination of the 1958 All-Ireland Senior Hurling Championship, an inter-county hurling tournament for the top teams in Ireland. The match was held at Croke Park, Dublin, on 7 September 1958, between Galway and Tipperary. The Connacht men lost to the Munster champions on a score line of 4-9 to 2-5.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 50], "section_span": [50, 50], "content_span": [51, 445]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075672-0000-0000", "contents": "1958 All-Pacific Coast football team\nThe 1958 All-Pacific Coast football team consists of American football players chosen by various organizations for All-Pacific Coast teams for the 1958 NCAA University Division football season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [36, 36], "content_span": [37, 230]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075672-0001-0000", "contents": "1958 All-Pacific Coast football team, Key\nAP = Associated Press, selections made by the AP with assistance from boards of newspapermen and broadcasters along the coast", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 41], "content_span": [42, 167]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075672-0002-0000", "contents": "1958 All-Pacific Coast football team, Key\nBold = Consensus first-team selection of both the AP and conference coaches", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 41], "content_span": [42, 117]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075673-0000-0000", "contents": "1958 All-Pro Team\nThe Associated Press (AP), Newspaper Enterprise Association (NEA), New York Daily News (NYDN), The Sporting News (SN), and United Press International (UPI) selected All-Pro teams comprising their selections of the best players at each position in the National Football League (NFL) during the 1958 NFL season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [17, 17], "content_span": [18, 327]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075674-0000-0000", "contents": "1958 All-SEC football team\nThe 1958 All-SEC football team consists of American football players selected to the All-Southeastern Conference (SEC) chosen by various selectors for the 1958 NCAA University Division football season. LSU won the conference.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [26, 26], "content_span": [27, 252]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075674-0001-0000", "contents": "1958 All-SEC football team, Key\nBold = Consensus first-team selection by both AP and UPI", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [28, 31], "content_span": [32, 88]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075675-0000-0000", "contents": "1958 All-Southwest Conference football team\nThe 1958 All-Southwest Conference football team consists of American football players chosen by various organizations for All-Southwest Conference teams for the 1958 NCAA University Division football season. The selectors for the 1958 season included the Associated Press (AP) and the United Press International (UPI). Players selected as first-team players by both the AP and UP are designated in bold.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 43], "section_span": [43, 43], "content_span": [44, 447]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075675-0001-0000", "contents": "1958 All-Southwest Conference football team, Key\nBold = Consensus first-team selection of both the AP and UP", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 43], "section_span": [45, 48], "content_span": [49, 108]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075676-0000-0000", "contents": "1958 Allan Cup\nThe 1958 Allan Cup was the Canadian Amateur Hockey Association (CAHA) national senior ice hockey championship for the 1957-58 Senior \"A\" season. The event was hosted by the Kelowna Packers and Kelowna and Kamloops, British Columbia. The 1958 playoff marked the 50th time that the Allan Cup has been awarded.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [14, 14], "content_span": [15, 322]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075676-0001-0000", "contents": "1958 Allan Cup\nThe Belleville McFarlands, of the Ontario Hockey Association, defeated the Kelowna Packers to win the Allan Cup, also earning the right represent Canada at the following year's 1959 Ice Hockey World Championships, where they would win Canada's 18th world title.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [14, 14], "content_span": [15, 276]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075676-0002-0000", "contents": "1958 Allan Cup, Intermediate teams\nIn August 1957, Alberta Amateur Hockey Association president Art Potter appealed to the CAHA to allow the Allan Cup competition to be opened up to intermediate level teams strengthened by additional players from their local regions. He wanted to see more branches of the CAHA able to enter competitive teams, rather than only the senior teams in Ontario and British Columbia. The 1958 Allan Cup was the first where the CAHA allowed intermediate level teams outside of Ontario and British Columbia to add to their rosters, limited to six players each, to enter a competitive team for the national playoffs.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [16, 34], "content_span": [35, 640]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075676-0003-0000", "contents": "1958 Allan Cup, Other\nHockey Hall of Fame indcutee Fred Page, refereed games during the Cup.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [16, 21], "content_span": [22, 92]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075677-0000-0000", "contents": "1958 America's Cup\nThe 1958 America's Cup marked the first Cup match sailed in 12-metre class yachts. Twenty years had passed since the last Cup match, held between immense Universal Rule J-class yachts in 1937 besides World War II, and the New York Yacht Club sought a more affordable alternative to restart interest in the Cup. In 1956 Henry Sears led an effort advancing class yachts. The Royal Yacht Squadron of Great Britain agreed to challenge with a new 12-metre, Sceptre. The New York Yacht Club defended with theirs, Columbia, winning the Cup in a four-race sweep.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 18], "section_span": [18, 18], "content_span": [19, 573]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075677-0001-0000", "contents": "1958 America's Cup, Defender Series\nFour yachts competed in a summer long regatta to determine which the NYYC would name as defender, Columbia (US-16), a new Olin Stephens boat, Weatherly (US-17), Easterner (US-18), and the Olin Stephens designed Vim (US-15) from 1939. Columbia was chosen after a very close set of races resulted in only beating the 19-year-old Vim by 12 seconds in the final competition.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 18], "section_span": [20, 35], "content_span": [36, 406]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075678-0000-0000", "contents": "1958 Argentine Grand Prix\nThe 1958 Argentine Grand Prix was a Formula One motor race held on 19 January 1958 at Autodromo Municipal Ciudad de Buenos Aires Circuit. It was race 1 of 11 in the 1958 World Championship of Drivers and race 1 of 10 in the 1958 International Cup for Formula One Manufacturers. The race was the sixth Argentine Grand Prix. It was held on the #2 variation of the circuit. The race was held over 80 laps of the four kilometre circuit for a total race distance of 313 kilometres.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [25, 25], "content_span": [26, 502]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075678-0001-0000", "contents": "1958 Argentine Grand Prix\nThe race was won by British driver Stirling Moss in Rob Walker's privately entered Cooper T43. Apart from being the first World Drivers Championship race win for Cooper as a constructor it was also the first win for a rear-engined car, the first win for a car entered by a privateer team and the first win for a car powered by an engine built by another manufacturer. Moss took his seventh Grand Prix victory by 2.7 seconds over Italian driver Luigi Musso (Ferrari 246 F1). Musso's British teammate Mike Hawthorn (Ferrari 246 F1) was third.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [25, 25], "content_span": [26, 566]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075678-0002-0000", "contents": "1958 Argentine Grand Prix, Report\nA change in fuel regulations meant that the British teams Vanwall and BRM would not be ready for the Argentine race held in mid-January, four months ahead of the second race of the season in Monaco. This meant that this race had the fewest entries (10) of any Grand Prix in the history of the F1 World Championship. Vanwall released Moss to compete with another team and he linked up with the Rob Walker Racing Team to drive their Cooper T43, a car about to be superseded at the factory Cooper team by the new T45.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [27, 33], "content_span": [34, 548]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075678-0003-0000", "contents": "1958 Argentine Grand Prix, Report\nWith the race set to be held in very hot conditions the race was shortened from 400 kilometres to 313. The shorter race led the Walker team to consider running the race without stopping for tyres. The car's four stud wheels would take almost two laps to complete a tyre change, much slower than their Ferrari and Maserati rivals. Moss and his team began a deception, complaining about the tyre situation and how much time they would lose changing tyres.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [27, 33], "content_span": [34, 487]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075678-0004-0000", "contents": "1958 Argentine Grand Prix, Report\nJean Behra in a privateer Maserati 250F led at the start but was quickly passed by Hawthorn. By lap ten Juan Manuel Fangio had taken the lead in the Scuderia Sud Americana entered Maserati 250F and Moss had worked his way forward into second position as the pitstops began for the heavier Italian built cars.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [27, 33], "content_span": [34, 342]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075678-0005-0000", "contents": "1958 Argentine Grand Prix, Report\nAfter the pitstops Moss led from Musso and Hawthorn. Behra was delayed by a spin and Fangio by a misfire. With ten laps remaining the others decided Moss was not going to pit and Musso and Hawthorn picked up the pace. Moss' tyres were disintegrating but there was enough with careful driving that Moss limped to the line for a remarkable victory. Behind the two Ferraris Fangio was the first Maserati to finish with Behra, two laps down, scoring the remaining points. Harry Schell was next ahead of Fangio's teammate Carlos Menditeguy, both Maserati 250F mounted. Peter Collins was the only retirement of the ten entries having stopped on the opening lap with a broken axle in the third Ferrari.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [27, 33], "content_span": [34, 729]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075678-0006-0000", "contents": "1958 Argentine Grand Prix, Report\nIt was the first victory for a rear-engined car but for the moment it would be an aberration brought on by tactics. It was not yet obvious that the death of the front-engined car was just a year away.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [27, 33], "content_span": [34, 234]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075679-0000-0000", "contents": "1958 Argentine Primera Divisi\u00f3n\nThe 1958 Argentine Primera Divisi\u00f3n was the 67th season of top-flight football in Argentina. The season extended for over a year, beginning on March 23, 1958, and finishing on April 26, 1959.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [31, 31], "content_span": [32, 223]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075680-0000-0000", "contents": "1958 Argentine general election\nThe Argentine general election of 1958 was held on 23 February. Voters chose both the President and their legislators and with a turnout of 90.6% (the highest in Argentine electoral history).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [31, 31], "content_span": [32, 223]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075680-0001-0000", "contents": "1958 Argentine general election, Background\nThe year 1955 cast a long shadow over these elections. President Juan Per\u00f3n was violently overthrown in September of that year and the succeeding junta banned the Peronist Party and even the possession of Peronist mementoes or the very mention of the former leader or of the late Eva Per\u00f3n. The junta did, however, convene a Civilian Advisory Board which, to the dismay of many conservatives, recommended against draconian measures or the reversal of most of Per\u00f3n's reforms.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 43], "content_span": [44, 519]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075680-0001-0001", "contents": "1958 Argentine general election, Background\nThey also called for a referendum ratifying the 1853 Constitution (which Per\u00f3n had it heavily amended in 1949), while retaining Per\u00f3n's Article 15, a section devoted to social reforms; the junta's leader, Gen. Pedro Aramburu, backed the panel's findings. An attempted countercoup against the junta, defeated on June 10, led to the execution of 27 plotters (including numerous civilians) and derailed Aramburu's hopes for the creation of a viable political alternative to the populist leader.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 43], "content_span": [44, 535]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075680-0002-0000", "contents": "1958 Argentine general election, Background\nSeizing the opportunity, the Radical Civic Union (UCR)'s 1951 vice-presidential nominee, Arturo Frondizi secretly secured an agreement with the exiled Per\u00f3n, by which the banned Peronists would be given a voice in exchange for their support. The pact, a mere rumor at the time, created a rift within the UCR at their party convention in November 1956, forcing Frondizi and his supporters to run on a splinter (\"Intransigent\") ticket and leaving more anti-Peronist UCR voters with Ricardo Balb\u00edn, the party's 1951 standard bearer. The two wings presented different candidates for the constituent assembly election called for July 28, 1957, with no clear winner, though the deadlocked assembly did ratify the Advisory Board's proposed constitutional changes.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 43], "content_span": [44, 800]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075680-0003-0000", "contents": "1958 Argentine general election, Background\nUnmentionable by law, Per\u00f3n became the central issue of the 1958 campaign. Argentina was abuzz with the staccato sounds of El-qu\u00e9-te-dije (roughly translated to \"You know who\"), as he opposed Balb\u00edn, who accepted Pres. Aramburu's endorsement as the candidate of the ruling junta. Balbin, and his Radical Civic Union of the People, was dealt a \"February surprise\" when, four days before the election, the exiled leader publicly announced his endorsement of Frondizi. Blank votes (Peronist voters' choice during the assembly elections of 1957, which they narrowly \"won\") became Frondizi votes, making him the winner of the 1958 elections in Argentina.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 43], "content_span": [44, 693]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075681-0000-0000", "contents": "1958 Argyll by-election\nThe Argyll by-election of 12 June 1958 was held after the death of Conservative Party MP Duncan McCallum.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [23, 23], "content_span": [24, 129]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075681-0001-0000", "contents": "1958 Argyll by-election\nThe seat was safe, having been won at the 1955 United Kingdom general election by over 10,000 votes", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [23, 23], "content_span": [24, 123]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075682-0000-0000", "contents": "1958 Arizona State Sun Devils football team\nThe 1958 Arizona State Sun Devils football team was an American football team that represented Arizona State University in the Border Conference during the 1958 NCAA University Division football season. In their first season under head coach Frank Kush, the Sun Devils compiled a 7\u20133 record (4\u20131 against Border opponents) and outscored their opponents by a combined total of 271 to 131.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 43], "section_span": [43, 43], "content_span": [44, 430]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075682-0001-0000", "contents": "1958 Arizona State Sun Devils football team\nThe team's statistical leaders included John Hangartner with 1,208 passing yards, Leon Burton with 642 rushing yards, and Bill Spanko with 463 receiving yards.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 43], "section_span": [43, 43], "content_span": [44, 203]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075682-0002-0000", "contents": "1958 Arizona State Sun Devils football team, Season summary, Detroit\nDuring a flight layover in Kansas City, head coach Frank Kush had the team deplane and practice on field adjacent to the airport. Kush then proceeded to bench the seniors for the first half of the game.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 43], "section_span": [45, 68], "content_span": [69, 271]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075683-0000-0000", "contents": "1958 Arizona State\u2013Flagstaff Lumberjacks football team\nThe 1958 Arizona State\u2013Flagstaff Lumberjacks football team was an American football team that represented Arizona State College at Flagstaff (now known as Northern Arizona University) in the Frontier Conference during the 1958 NAIA football season. In their third year under head coach Max Spilsbury, the Lumberjacks compiled an 11\u20131 record, won the Frontier Conference championship, and outscored opponents by a total of 321 to 98. They lost to  Northeastern State for the NAIA championship in the 1958 Holiday Bowl.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 54], "section_span": [54, 54], "content_span": [55, 572]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075683-0001-0000", "contents": "1958 Arizona State\u2013Flagstaff Lumberjacks football team\nThe team played its home games at Lumberjack Stadium in Flagstaff, Arizona.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 54], "section_span": [54, 54], "content_span": [55, 130]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075684-0000-0000", "contents": "1958 Arizona Wildcats baseball team\nThe 1958 Arizona Wildcats baseball team represented the University of Arizona in the 1958 NCAA University Division baseball season. The Wildcats played their home games at UA Field. The team was coached by Frank Sancet in his 9th year at Arizona.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [35, 35], "content_span": [36, 282]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075684-0001-0000", "contents": "1958 Arizona Wildcats baseball team\nThe Wildcats won the District VI Playoff to advanced to the College World Series, where they were defeated by the Southern California Trojans.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [35, 35], "content_span": [36, 178]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075685-0000-0000", "contents": "1958 Arizona Wildcats football team\nThe 1958 Arizona Wildcats football team represented the University of Arizona in the Border Conference during the 1958 NCAA University Division football season. In their second and final season under head coach Ed Doherty, the Wildcats compiled a 3\u20137 record (2\u20131 against Border opponents) and were outscored by their opponents, 276 to 83. The team captain was Ralph Hunsaker. The team played its home games in Arizona Stadium in Tucson, Arizona.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [35, 35], "content_span": [36, 481]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075685-0001-0000", "contents": "1958 Arizona Wildcats football team\nThe team's statistical leaders included Ralph Hunsaker with 1,129 passing yards, Billy Overall with 324 rushing yards, and Dave Hibbert with 606 receiving yards.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [35, 35], "content_span": [36, 197]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075686-0000-0000", "contents": "1958 Arizona gubernatorial election\nThe 1958 Arizona gubernatorial election took place on November 4, 1958. Incumbent Governor Ernest McFarland decided not to run for reelection and instead unsuccessfully challenged U.S. Senator Barry Goldwater in attempt to return to the United States Senate.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [35, 35], "content_span": [36, 294]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075686-0001-0000", "contents": "1958 Arizona gubernatorial election\nRepublican businessman Paul Fannin defeated Arizona Attorney General Robert Morrison in the general election, and was sworn into his first term as Governor on January 5, 1959, becoming Arizona's eleventh Governor.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [35, 35], "content_span": [36, 249]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075687-0000-0000", "contents": "1958 Arkansas Razorbacks football team\nThe 1958 Arkansas Razorbacks football team represented the University of Arkansas during the 1958 NCAA University Division football season. It was their first season under head coach Frank Broyles.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [38, 38], "content_span": [39, 236]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075687-0001-0000", "contents": "1958 Arkansas Razorbacks football team, Staff\nAssistants: Doug Dickey (DB), Merrill Green (OB), Jim Mackenzie (DL), Wilson Matthews (DE/LB), Dixie White (OL), Steed White (OE)", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 45], "content_span": [46, 175]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075687-0002-0000", "contents": "1958 Arkansas Razorbacks football team, Results, Hardin\u2013Simmons\nThe game featured two kickoffs returned 100 yards each for touchdowns by Jim Mooty and Billy Kyser, both of Arkansas.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 63], "content_span": [64, 181]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075688-0000-0000", "contents": "1958 Arkansas gubernatorial election\nThe 1958 Arkansas gubernatorial election was held on November 4, 1958.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [36, 36], "content_span": [37, 107]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075688-0001-0000", "contents": "1958 Arkansas gubernatorial election\nIncumbent Democratic Governor Orval Faubus won election to a third term, defeating Republican nominee George W. Johnson with 82.47% of the vote. Faubus surged in popularity after denying the Little Rock Nine entrance to Central High School with the use of the Arkansas National Guard on September 4, 1957.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [36, 36], "content_span": [37, 342]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075688-0002-0000", "contents": "1958 Arkansas gubernatorial election, Primary elections\nPrimary elections were held on July 29, 1958. By winning over 50% of the vote, Faubus and Johnson avoided run-offs which would have been held on August 12, 1958.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 55], "content_span": [56, 217]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075688-0003-0000", "contents": "1958 Arkansas gubernatorial election, General election, Candidates\nGeorge W. Johnson, an attorney in Greenwood, Sebastian County, deliberately abandoned the race in September 1958. He traveled to his son's home in Isle, Minnesota. He told his family, \"Mr. Faubus is a fine man and I support him whole-heartedly.\" He genuinely and naively believed that blacks were intellectually deficient and needed their own schools.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 66], "content_span": [67, 418]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075689-0000-0000", "contents": "1958 Army Cadets football team\nThe 1958 Army Cadets football team represented the United States Military Academy in the 1958 NCAA University Division football season. Led by head coach Earl Blaik, the team finished with an undefeated 8\u20130\u20131 season. The Cadets' offense scored 264 points, while the defense allowed 49 points. At season's end, the team was third in the national rankings.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [30, 30], "content_span": [31, 385]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075689-0001-0000", "contents": "1958 Army Cadets football team, Game summaries, Navy\nIn the annual Army-Navy Game, on November 29 in Philadelphia, Army beat Navy by a score of 22\u20136.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 52], "content_span": [53, 149]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075690-0000-0000", "contents": "1958 Asian Games\nThe 1958 Asian Games, officially the Third Asian Games (Japanese: \u7b2c3\u56de\u30a2\u30b8\u30a2\u7af6\u6280\u5927\u4f1a) and commonly known as Tokyo 1958, was a multi-sport event held in Tokyo, Japan, from 24 May to 1 June 1958. It was governed by the Asian Games Federation. A total of 1,820 athletes representing 20 Asian National Olympic Committees (NOCs) participated in the Games. The program featured competitions in 13 different sports encompassing 97 events, including four non-Olympic sports, judo, table tennis, tennis and volleyball. Four of these competition sports \u2013 field hockey, table tennis, tennis and volleyball \u2013 were introduced for the first time in the Asian Games.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 16], "section_span": [16, 16], "content_span": [17, 660]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075690-0001-0000", "contents": "1958 Asian Games\nThis is the first time that Japan hosted the Asian Games.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 16], "section_span": [16, 16], "content_span": [17, 74]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075690-0002-0000", "contents": "1958 Asian Games, Background\nThe Asian Games is a multi-sport event, much like the Summer Olympics (albeit on a much smaller scale), with participation exclusively for Asian countries. The first edition was held in the capital city of India, New Delhi, in 1951, attracting 489 competitors from 11 nations.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 16], "section_span": [18, 28], "content_span": [29, 305]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075690-0003-0000", "contents": "1958 Asian Games, Sports\nThe programme for the Tokyo 1958 Games included 13 different sports divided into 97 events. Four of these sports \u2013 judo, table tennis, tennis and volleyball \u2013 were not on the official Olympic sports programme at that time. Badminton was added as a demonstration sport, which, from 1962 onwards, became a regular competitive sport in the Asian Games. Judo was another demonstration sport.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 16], "section_span": [18, 24], "content_span": [25, 412]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075690-0004-0000", "contents": "1958 Asian Games, Torch relay\nThe tradition of torch relay, inspired by the Olympic Games, was introduced for the first time in the Asian Games in 1958. The relay officially began from the main venue of the Second Asian Games, Rizal Memorial Coliseum, in Manila, Philippines. In the host nation, Japan, it was relayed from Okinawa to Kyushu Island. Okinawa was under the United States administration at that time. At the opening ceremony, the Games cauldron was ignited by the first Japanese Olympic gold medallist and the first Asian Olympic champion in an individual event, Mikio Oda.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 16], "section_span": [18, 29], "content_span": [30, 586]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075690-0005-0000", "contents": "1958 Asian Games, Participating nations\nA record total of 1,820 athletes representing 20 member nations of the Asian Games Federation participated in the Games. The number of participating countries was also greatest in comparison to the first two editions of the Games.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 16], "section_span": [18, 39], "content_span": [40, 270]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075690-0006-0000", "contents": "1958 Asian Games, Participating nations\nThe Thai delegation held a meeting on 22 May 1958 in Tokyo, and invitations were sent to the representatives of Malaysia, Burma and Laos. The agenda of the meeting was to discuss the possibility of forming a regional multi-sport event on the lines of Asian Games for the countries of Southeast Asia. This way the Southeast Asian Peninsular Games (SEAP Games), which later became the Southeast Asian Games, were established and the first SEAP Games were held in Bangkok, Thailand, in 1959.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 16], "section_span": [18, 39], "content_span": [40, 528]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075690-0007-0000", "contents": "1958 Asian Games, Opening ceremony\nThe opening ceremony of the Tokyo 1958 Games was organised on 24 May 1958 at the National Olympic Stadium. The ceremony, among other dignitaries and guests, included the Emperor of Japan Hirohito, crown prince Akihito and Shah of Iran Mohammad Reza Pahlavi. Around 70,000 people attended the opening ceremony.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 16], "section_span": [18, 34], "content_span": [35, 344]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075690-0008-0000", "contents": "1958 Asian Games, Calendar\nIn the following calendar for the 1958 Asian Games, each blue box represents an event competition, such as a qualification round, on that day. The yellow boxes represent days during which medal-awarding finals for a sport were held. The numeral indicates the number of event finals for each sport held that day. On the left, the calendar lists each sport with events held during the Games, and at the right, how many gold medals were won in that sport. There is a key at the top of the calendar to aid the reader.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 16], "section_span": [18, 26], "content_span": [27, 540]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075690-0009-0000", "contents": "1958 Asian Games, Medal table\nAthletes from 16 countries won medals, leaving four countries without a medal, and 11 of them won at least one gold medal. Afghanistan, Cambodia, Nepal and North Borneo did not win any medal. The Japanese 4 \u00d7 100 metres medley relay team of Keiji Hase (backstroke), Masaru Furukawa (breaststroke), Manabu Koga (freestyle) and Takashi Ishimoto (butterfly) won the gold medal with a time of 4:17.2 and broke the world record.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 16], "section_span": [18, 29], "content_span": [30, 453]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075690-0010-0000", "contents": "1958 Asian Games, Medal table\nThe ranking in this table is consistent with International Olympic Committee convention in its published medal tables. By default, the table is ordered by the number of gold medals the athletes from a nation have won (in this context, a nation is an entity represented by a NOC). The number of silver medals is taken into consideration next, followed by the number of bronze medals. If nations are still tied, equal ranking is given; they are listed alphabetically by IOC country code.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 16], "section_span": [18, 29], "content_span": [30, 515]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075690-0011-0000", "contents": "1958 Asian Games, Medal table\nThe top ten ranked NOCs at these Games are listed below. The host nation, Japan, is highlighted.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 16], "section_span": [18, 29], "content_span": [30, 126]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075691-0000-0000", "contents": "1958 Asian Games medal table\nThe 1958 Asian Games, officially known as the Third Asian Games (Japanese: \u7b2c3\u56de\u30a2\u30b8\u30a2\u7af6\u6280\u5927\u4f1a), was a multi-sport event held in Tokyo, Japan, from 24 May to 1 June 1958. A record total of 1,820 athletes representing 20 Asian National Olympic Committees (NOCs) participated in 13 sports divided into 97 events. The tradition of the torch relay was introduced for the first time in the Asian Games, and the Games cauldron was ignited by the first Japanese Olympic gold medallist and the first Asian Olympic champion in an individual event, Mikio Oda.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [28, 28], "content_span": [29, 569]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075691-0001-0000", "contents": "1958 Asian Games medal table\nAthletes from 16 nations earned medals at the Games, and athletes from 11 of these nations won at least one gold medal. Indian national record holder in 200\u2013 and 400\u00a0metres, Milkha Singh, won gold medals in both the events and set a new Asian Games record in 400\u00a0metres. 1956 Melbourne Olympics silver medallist in 400\u2013 and 1500\u00a0metres freestyle events, Tsuyoshi Yamanaka, won gold medals in these two events. The Japanese 4\u00d7100 metres medley relay team of Keiji Hase (backstroke), Masaru Furukawa (breaststroke), Manabu Koga (freestyle) and Takashi Ishimoto (butterfly) won the gold medal with a time of 4:17.2 and broke the world record.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [28, 28], "content_span": [29, 668]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075691-0002-0000", "contents": "1958 Asian Games medal table\nA total of 350 medals (112 gold, 112 silver and 126 bronze) were awarded. Only the Republic of China managed to improve its position in the medal table compared to the 1954 Asian Games. The host nation, Japan, topped the medal table for the third consecutive time in the history of the Games, having collected almost 60% of the total gold medals; it also secured the most silver and bronze medals. Competitors from the host of the 1954 Games, the Philippines, won 48 medals (including eight gold) and helped their nation to be seated at the second place on overall medal tally. South Korean athletes improved their total medal count by eight from 1954, earning third spot on the table.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [28, 28], "content_span": [29, 714]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075691-0003-0000", "contents": "1958 Asian Games medal table, Medal table\nThe ranking in this table is consistent with International Olympic Committee convention in its published medal tables. By default, the table is ordered by the number of gold medals the athletes from a nation have won (in this context, a nation is an entity represented by a NOC). The number of silver medals is taken into consideration next, followed by the number of bronze medals. If nations are still tied, equal ranking is given; they are listed alphabetically by IOC country code.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 41], "content_span": [42, 527]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075691-0004-0000", "contents": "1958 Asian Games medal table, Medal table\nThe total number of bronze medals is greater than the total number of gold or silver medals because two bronze medals were awarded per event in three sports: boxing, table tennis and tennis.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 41], "content_span": [42, 232]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075692-0000-0000", "contents": "1958 Atlantic hurricane season\nThe 1958 Atlantic hurricane season included every tropical cyclone either affecting or threatening land. There were ten named storms as well as one pre-season tropical storm. Seven of the storms became hurricanes, including five that were major hurricanes, or the equivalent of a Category\u00a03 on the Saffir-Simpson scale. The strongest storm was Hurricane Helene, which became a strong Category 4 hurricane with 150\u00a0mph (240\u00a0km/h) winds and a barometric pressure of 930 mbar (27.46 inHg) while just offshore the southeastern United States.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [30, 30], "content_span": [31, 568]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075692-0001-0000", "contents": "1958 Atlantic hurricane season\nIn May, a subtropical depression formed in the Caribbean and dropped heavy rainfall near Miami, Florida. The first named storm of the season was Alma, which killed three people and caused flooding in Texas. Hurricane Daisy in August was a major hurricane that paralleled the eastern coast of the United States, although due to its small size it did not cause much damage. Hurricane Ella affected much of the northern Caribbean and Texas, most significantly the Dominican Republic where 30\u00a0people died. Ella also killed six people in Cuba, where it made landfall as a major hurricane.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [30, 30], "content_span": [31, 614]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075692-0001-0001", "contents": "1958 Atlantic hurricane season\nA few weeks later, Tropical Storm Gerda also struck the Dominican Republic and killed three people. The costliest storm of the season was Helene, which caused $11.2\u00a0million in damage (1958\u00a0USD), mostly in North Carolina. Although it passed within 10\u00a0mi (16\u00a0km) of the state, its effects were mostly limited to the coast, and the hurricane killed one person. The last storm of the season, Janice, killed eight people in Jamaica when its precursor dropped 20\u00a0in (510\u00a0mm) of rainfall, and one person was killed in the Bahamas.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [30, 30], "content_span": [31, 554]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075692-0002-0000", "contents": "1958 Atlantic hurricane season, Season summary\nThe ten tropical storms during the season is comparable to the 20\u00a0year average of ten. In contrast to the previous season when most storms were in the Gulf of Mexico, most storms in 1958 occurred over the western Atlantic Ocean. The first storm, Alma, formed in the middle of June. Subsequently, a trough persisted along the eastern United States, which suppressed tropical cyclone formation. Conditions remained unfavorable in July due to a large ridge suppressing the westerlies. In August, a persistent trough caused three storms \u2013 Becky, Cleo, and Daisy \u2013 to recurve and remain over the ocean. Most storms formed from the middle of August through the middle of October, when polar air reached as far south as Florida due to a shift in the ridge.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 46], "content_span": [47, 796]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075692-0003-0000", "contents": "1958 Atlantic hurricane season, Season summary\nBefore the season started, the United States Weather Bureau office in Miami began setting up a teleprinter to distribute hourly advisories to newspapers and the American Red Cross. The hurricane season officially began on June\u00a015, and lasted until November\u00a015. When the season started, the Lakeland Frost Warning Service sent four employees to assist the Miami Weather Bureau. The Hurricane Hunters flew daily to investigate potential storms in the Atlantic Ocean and Gulf of Mexico. In addition, there was a set of radars from Texas to Maine to track storms.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 46], "content_span": [47, 606]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075692-0003-0001", "contents": "1958 Atlantic hurricane season, Season summary\nBeginning in 1958, the Weather Bureau predicted the change in tide due to a storm with the assistance of a tide specialist. During the season, a reporter \u2013 daughter of Weather Bureau director Gordon Dunn \u2013 flew into Hurricane Daisy, becoming the first woman to fly into a hurricane. Utilizing radars along the East Coast of the United States, the Weather Bureau tracked both Hurricanes Daisy and Helene for 575\u00a0mi (925\u00a0km), which was the first such occurrence of that feat.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 46], "content_span": [47, 520]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075692-0004-0000", "contents": "1958 Atlantic hurricane season, Season summary\nThe season's activity was reflected with a cumulative accumulated cyclone energy (ACE) rating of 121. ACE, broadly speaking, is a measure of the power of the hurricane multiplied by the length of time it existed, so storms that last a long time, as well as particularly strong hurricanes, have high values. ACE is only calculated for full advisories on tropical systems at or exceeding 34\u00a0knots (39\u00a0mph, 63\u00a0km/h) or tropical storm strength.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 46], "content_span": [47, 487]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075692-0005-0000", "contents": "1958 Atlantic hurricane season, Systems, Tropical Storm One\nA small circulation crossed Panama from the Pacific Ocean on May\u00a017, and by the following day it was a developing depression near San Andr\u00e9s in the western Caribbean. The system gradually organized over warm waters while moving to the northwest, developing a well-defined low pressure area by May\u00a023 as it approached western Cuba. Later that day, the depression crossed the western portion of the island before turning to the northeast. On May\u00a024, the system passed southeast of Florida, dropping heavy rainfall that peaked at 12.07\u00a0in (307\u00a0mm) in Homestead.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 59], "content_span": [60, 618]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075692-0005-0001", "contents": "1958 Atlantic hurricane season, Systems, Tropical Storm One\nMay 1958 was the second wettest May since 1911, of which half of the precipitation fell during the depression. Several other locations in the Miami area reported record or near-record rainfall for the month. The high rainfall disrupted planting of vegetables, and there was some crop damage. Flooding entered homes and businesses, forcing some evacuations. About 2,900\u00a0people lost telephone service, and there was a brief water outage on Key Biscayne. There were also hundreds of vehicle accidents related to the storm.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 59], "content_span": [60, 579]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075692-0006-0000", "contents": "1958 Atlantic hurricane season, Systems, Tropical Storm One\nAfter affecting Florida, the depression continued to the northeast, and although it had a warm core, it was not able to develop significantly due to lack of temperature instability, as well as another low developing southwest of the circulation. The depression was briefly forecast to strike North Carolina, but instead an eastward moving ridge kept it offshore. In Hatteras, North Carolina, the depression dropped 3\u00a0in (76\u00a0mm) of rainfall. The influx of cold air transitioned the depression to an extratropical cyclone on May\u00a028. An approaching cold front absorbed the depression and produced heavy rainfall in eastern Canada.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 59], "content_span": [60, 687]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075692-0007-0000", "contents": "1958 Atlantic hurricane season, Systems, Tropical Storm Alma\nA tropical wave was first observed in the central Caribbean Sea on June\u00a09. By the following day, there was evidence of a weak closed circulation off the south coast of Jamaica. Moving generally westward, on June\u00a012 it crossed the Yucat\u00e1n Peninsula, and the system emerged into the Bay of Campeche the next day. On June\u00a014, a tropical depression formed about halfway between the Yucat\u00e1n Peninsula and Tamaulipas. Within six hours, the depression intensified into Tropical Storm Alma about 150\u00a0mi (240\u00a0km) east of Tampico.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 60], "content_span": [61, 581]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075692-0007-0001", "contents": "1958 Atlantic hurricane season, Systems, Tropical Storm Alma\nLater that day, a ship reported a pressure of 997\u00a0mbar (29.4\u00a0inHg) and high seas, and early on June\u00a015 a United States Coast Guard plane measured winds of 50\u00a0mph (85\u00a0km/h) near the northeast Mexican coast. That day, Alma made landfall about 70\u00a0mi (110\u00a0km) south of Brownsville, Texas in northeastern Mexico. The storm moved ashore in northeastern Tamaulipas early on June\u00a015 before crossing into southern Texas. After weakening to a tropical depression, Alma straddled the Rio Grande before dissipating in western Texas late on June\u00a016.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 60], "content_span": [61, 597]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075692-0008-0000", "contents": "1958 Atlantic hurricane season, Systems, Tropical Storm Alma\nThe United States Coast Guard recommended people to evacuate in beach areas near Brownsville, Texas. As it moved ashore, Alma produced a high tide of 2.9\u00a0ft (0.88\u00a0m) along Padre Island, and one person drowned near Galveston due to heavy surf. The highest wind gust was 45\u00a0mph (72\u00a0km/h) at Port Isabel, causing minor damage. However, Alma dropped heavy rainfall further inland, reaching about 20\u00a0in (510\u00a0mm) near Medina. The rains caused floods that resulted in heavy damage to property and crops.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 60], "content_span": [61, 557]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075692-0008-0001", "contents": "1958 Atlantic hurricane season, Systems, Tropical Storm Alma\nSome rivers and streams rose above their banks due to floods, creating torrents of up to 15\u00a0ft (4.6\u00a0m) in some arroyos. The floods covered highways and forced about 100\u00a0people to evacuate near Sabinal. The rains also knocked out telephone lines in Uvalde County, and temporarily trapped hundreds of scouts. One person drowned along the Concho River, and three people overall died due to the system.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 60], "content_span": [61, 459]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075692-0009-0000", "contents": "1958 Atlantic hurricane season, Systems, Tropical Storm Becky\nBased on reports from the Cape Verde islands offshore Africa, it is estimated a tropical depression developed on August\u00a08. It moved westward due to the subtropical ridge to its north, a motion the depression would continue for much of its duration. Nearby ship reports indicated gradual strengthening, and the depression became a tropical storm on August\u00a011. At 0400\u00a0UTC on August\u00a012, the San Juan Weather Bureau office initiated advisories on Tropical Storm Becky about halfway between the Lesser Antilles and Cape Verde.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 61], "content_span": [62, 584]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075692-0009-0001", "contents": "1958 Atlantic hurricane season, Systems, Tropical Storm Becky\nThat day, the Hurricane Hunters flew into the storm, reporting a pressure of 1,006\u00a0mbar (29.7\u00a0inHg) and flight level winds of 70\u00a0mph (110\u00a0km/h); its peak surface winds were estimated at 60\u00a0mph (95\u00a0km/h). Also on August\u00a012, a storm warning was issued for the northern Leeward Islands, and a storm watch was issued for the United States Virgin Islands and northern Puerto Rico.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 61], "content_span": [62, 437]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075692-0010-0000", "contents": "1958 Atlantic hurricane season, Systems, Tropical Storm Becky\nAfter peaking in intensity, Becky continued quickly to the west-northwest, and its fast motion may have prevented further strengthening. On August\u00a014, a flight reported hurricane-force wind gusts in rainbands 210\u00a0mi (340\u00a0km) east-northeast of the center. The next day, the circulation became poorly defined, and by August\u00a016, Becky had become extratropical after it merged with an approaching cold front. The storm turned to the north and northeast, dissipating later on August\u00a017. As Becky was transitioning into an extratropical storm, it produced high waves along the southeastern coast of the United States.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 61], "content_span": [62, 673]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075692-0011-0000", "contents": "1958 Atlantic hurricane season, Systems, Hurricane Cleo\nA well-developed tropical wave spawned a tropical storm on August\u00a011 to the south of Cape Verde. It moved westward, and ships in the area indicated that it had a large circulation. The Hurricane Hunters flew into the system and observed a well-developed hurricane with winds of 146\u00a0mph (235\u00a0km/h), which were the highest measured winds. As a result, the San Juan Weather Bureau Office initiated advisories on Hurricane Cleo and issued a hurricane watch for the Lesser Antilles. Subsequent analysis determined that Cleo became a hurricane on August\u00a013.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 55], "content_span": [56, 607]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075692-0011-0001", "contents": "1958 Atlantic hurricane season, Systems, Hurricane Cleo\nA weak trough near 50\u00b0\u00a0W allowed the hurricane to turn to the north, and Cleo continued to intensify, based on improved definition of the eye on radar imagery. A flight into the storm late on August\u00a016 indicated a pressure of 947\u00a0mbar (28.0\u00a0inHg) with winds of 140\u00a0mph (230\u00a0km/h) early on August\u00a016. Originally winds were thought to be higher in Cleo, at 160\u00a0mph (260\u00a0km/h), which would make it a Category 5 hurricane, but reanalysis later on determined it to be weaker.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 55], "content_span": [56, 526]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075692-0012-0000", "contents": "1958 Atlantic hurricane season, Systems, Hurricane Cleo\nAfter maintaining peak winds for about six hours, Cleo began weakening. It turned more to the northwest due to a strengthening ridge to the northeast and the hurricane's outflow weakening the trough. An approaching cold front turned Cleo to the northeast on August\u00a018 and caused it to accelerate. That day, it passed about 450\u00a0mi (720\u00a0km) east of Bermuda. On August\u00a020, the hurricane became extratropical to the southeast of Newfoundland. In St. John's, the storm dropped about 2\u00a0in (51\u00a0mm) of rainfall. The remnants of Cleo turned to the east and east-southeast, dissipating on August\u00a022 between the Azores and mainland Portugal.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 55], "content_span": [56, 686]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075692-0013-0000", "contents": "1958 Atlantic hurricane season, Systems, Hurricane Daisy\nA tropical wave moved through the Lesser Antilles on August\u00a020 and gradually spread north. On August\u00a024, a nearby ship reported a low pressure area and strong winds, indicating the formation of a small tropical cyclone near the Bahamas. After a Hurricane Hunters flight indicated winds of 55\u00a0mph (89\u00a0km/h), the Weather Bureau initiated advisories on Tropical Storm Daisy early on August\u00a025 to the north of the Bahamas. That day it became a hurricane, and initially it moved slowly to the northwest due to a ridge to the northeast.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 56], "content_span": [57, 587]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075692-0013-0001", "contents": "1958 Atlantic hurricane season, Systems, Hurricane Daisy\nOn August\u00a026, a trough turned Daisy to the northeast, and the hurricane continued to intensify due to an anticyclone aloft. By early August\u00a028, the hurricane reached peak winds of 130\u00a0mph (215\u00a0km/h), and a minimum pressure of 948\u00a0mbar (28.0\u00a0inHg) while offshore South Carolina. Daisy accelerated to the north, passing about 75\u00a0mi (121\u00a0km) east of Hatteras, North Carolina; there, gusts peaked at 36\u00a0mph (58\u00a0km/h) due to the storm's small size.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 56], "content_span": [57, 500]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075692-0014-0000", "contents": "1958 Atlantic hurricane season, Systems, Hurricane Daisy\nFor much of its duration, Hurricane Daisy was visible from radar along the eastern United States, which assisted in tracking the storm. Passing east of Hatteras, Daisy dropped moderate rainfall, peaking at 5.92\u00a0in (150\u00a0mm) near Morehead City, North Carolina, before turning to the northeast on August\u00a029. The Weather Bureau issued a hurricane warning from Block Island to Provincetown, Massachusetts due to the projected path near New England. Later on August\u00a029, Daisy passed about 70\u00a0mi (110\u00a0km) southeast of Nantucket.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 56], "content_span": [57, 578]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075692-0014-0001", "contents": "1958 Atlantic hurricane season, Systems, Hurricane Daisy\nNearby Block Island reported peak gusts of 45\u00a0mph (72\u00a0km/h), and a Texas Tower 120\u00a0mi (190\u00a0km) east of Cape Cod reported gusts to 87\u00a0mph (140\u00a0km/h). The storm also produced high tides and light rainfall, and forced 600\u00a0people to evacuate Nantucket. Due to its small size, there was no major damage in the United States. After affecting Nantucket, Daisy weakened and became extratropical by early on August\u00a030. The remnants turned to the east, passing south of Nova Scotia before dissipating on August\u00a031. In Canada, the storm damaged a boat in the Bay of Fundy that drifted for two days until reaching Saint John, New Brunswick.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 56], "content_span": [57, 685]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075692-0015-0000", "contents": "1958 Atlantic hurricane season, Systems, Hurricane Ella\nA tropical wave spawned a tropical depression near the Lesser Antilles on August\u00a030, which quickly became Tropical Storm Ella. It quickly intensified in the eastern Caribbean into a hurricane by August\u00a031 while passing south of Puerto Rico; there, the outer rainbands caused some flooding that caused minor damage. On September\u00a01, Ella strengthened to winds of 110\u00a0mph (180\u00a0km/h), as measured by the Hurricane Hunters. At that intensity, the hurricane passed just south of the Dominican Republic before making landfall in southwestern Haiti. In the Dominican Republic, heavy rainfall and floods caused $100,000 in damage, mostly in the country's southwestern portion. Heavy rainfall caused widespread flooding in southwestern Haiti, and thousands of people became homeless after their houses were damaged. Near Les Cayes, 30\u00a0people were killed due to flash flooding.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 55], "content_span": [56, 922]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075692-0016-0000", "contents": "1958 Atlantic hurricane season, Systems, Hurricane Ella\nAfter affecting Haiti, Ella weakened to a Category 1 hurricane before moving ashore in southeastern Cuba early on September\u00a02. While traversing the island, Ella weakened to a tropical storm and was unable to restrengthen. Near Santiago de Cuba, the Bayamo River washed away 25\u00a0houses and killed five people. One other person died in the country due to the hurricane. After Ella reached the Gulf of Mexico on September\u00a03, its structure was disrupted, and it remained a tropical storm as it continued to the west-northwest.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 55], "content_span": [56, 577]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075692-0016-0001", "contents": "1958 Atlantic hurricane season, Systems, Hurricane Ella\nIts outer rainbands produced gusts of 75\u00a0mph (121\u00a0km/h) in Grand Isle, Louisiana. Ella struck Texas on September\u00a06 and dissipated soon thereafter. At its final landfall, the storm produced 13.6\u00a0in (350\u00a0mm) of rainfall in Galveston, Texas, and in the city, one person died after falling overboard a boat.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 55], "content_span": [56, 359]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075692-0017-0000", "contents": "1958 Atlantic hurricane season, Systems, Hurricane Fifi\nA ship on September\u00a04 indicated a tropical depression developed from a tropical wave to the east of the Lesser Antilles. The system initially had two circulations that consolidated into one by September\u00a05. That day, Hurricane Hunters observed 55\u00a0mph (89\u00a0km/h) winds, which prompted the Weather Bureau to upgrade it to Tropical Storm Fifi. Due to the storm's fast track to the northwest, a gale warning and hurricane watch were issued for the Leeward and northern Windward Islands.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 55], "content_span": [56, 536]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075692-0017-0001", "contents": "1958 Atlantic hurricane season, Systems, Hurricane Fifi\nOn September\u00a06, Fifi intensified into a hurricane and reached peak winds of 85\u00a0mph (137\u00a0km/h), around the same time that it passed about 150\u00a0mi (240\u00a0km) northeast of the Leeward Islands. Later, Fifi began weakening, and by September\u00a08 it was downgraded to tropical storm status. The westerlies turned Fifi to the northeast on September\u00a010. After passing southeast of Bermuda, the storm dissipated on September\u00a011.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 55], "content_span": [56, 469]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075692-0018-0000", "contents": "1958 Atlantic hurricane season, Systems, Tropical Storm Gerda\nA tropical wave was first observed on September\u00a011 about 400\u00a0mi (640\u00a0km) east of the Lesser Antilles. It moved westward, and based on surface reports from the island chain, a tropical depression developed west of Martinique on September\u00a013. The system moved quickly to the west-northwest, becoming a tropical storm by late on September\u00a013. The Hurricane Hunters encountered winds of 70\u00a0mph (110\u00a0km/h) on September\u00a014 just offshore the Dominican Republic; on that basis the system was designated Tropical Storm Gerda. Shortly thereafter, the storm struck the Barahona peninsula.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 61], "content_span": [62, 639]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075692-0018-0001", "contents": "1958 Atlantic hurricane season, Systems, Tropical Storm Gerda\nThe high terrain of Hispaniola quickly weakened Gerda, and on September\u00a015 the Hurricane Hunters could not detect a closed circulation. It is estimated that Gerda dissipated offshore southeastern Cuba. The wave continued west, later reaching the Gulf of Mexico. Aided by an approaching trough, a small low pressure area redeveloped on September\u00a019, which struck southern Texas and moved to the northeast. This low eventually dissipated over Louisiana on September\u00a022, having produced gusts of 52\u00a0mph (84\u00a0km/h) along the Texas coast.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 61], "content_span": [62, 594]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075692-0019-0000", "contents": "1958 Atlantic hurricane season, Systems, Tropical Storm Gerda\nWhen the precursor to Gerda passed through the Lesser Antilles, it dropped 15\u00a0in (380\u00a0mm) of rain. Stations in the United States Virgin Islands reported winds up to 46\u00a0mph (74\u00a0km/h). The storm's threat prompted gale warnings along the southern coast of Puerto Rico and the Dominican Republic. In the former island, Gerda killed three people. Two people drowned after falling off a boat on Vieques island, and the other died after his house collapsed while he was inside. The storm damaged coffee, banana, and plantain crops in Puerto Rico. Winds reached 54\u00a0mph (87\u00a0km/h) in the Dominican Republic.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 61], "content_span": [62, 659]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075692-0020-0000", "contents": "1958 Atlantic hurricane season, Systems, Hurricane Helene\nA tropical wave was first observed near Cape Verde on September\u00a016. On September\u00a021, the Hurricane Hunters observed a circulation, which indicated a tropical depression had formed east of the northern Leeward Islands. It moved to the west-northwest, becoming Tropical Storm Helene on September\u00a023. The next day Helene became a hurricane, aided by an anticyclone aloft. It moved around a large ridge, bringing its center toward the southeastern United States.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 57], "content_span": [58, 516]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075692-0020-0001", "contents": "1958 Atlantic hurricane season, Systems, Hurricane Helene\nAs the hurricane approached the Carolinas, the hurricane rapidly intensified as the eye became visible on radar, and Helene reached peak winds of 150\u00a0mph (240\u00a0km/h) on the morning of September\u00a027. An approaching trough turned the hurricane to the northeast, and Helene came within 10\u00a0mi (15\u00a0km) of the coast of North Carolina. It slowly weakened, and at the same time its size expanded. On September\u00a029, Helene became extratropical as it was moving over Newfoundland. The remnants continued to the northeast, later turning to the southeast and dissipating on October\u00a04 just west of Great Britain.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 57], "content_span": [58, 654]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075692-0021-0000", "contents": "1958 Atlantic hurricane season, Systems, Hurricane Helene\nWhile paralleling the southeastern United States, Helene produced a peak storm surge of 6\u00a0ft (1.8\u00a0m) near Marine Corps Air Station Cherry Point in North Carolina. A station in Wilmington reported sustained winds of 88\u00a0mph (142\u00a0km/h) and a peak gust of 135\u00a0mph (220\u00a0km/h), exceeding the previous record for measured wind speed there by a wide margin. At Cape Fear, winds were estimated at 125\u00a0mph (200\u00a0km/h), with gusts as high as 160\u00a0mph (260\u00a0km/h).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 57], "content_span": [58, 507]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075692-0021-0001", "contents": "1958 Atlantic hurricane season, Systems, Hurricane Helene\nRainfall from Helene peaked at 8.29\u00a0in (211\u00a0mm) in Wilmington International Airport, although rainfall spread as far north as New England. Damage in the United States totaled $11.2\u00a0million, and there was one indirect fatality. In Atlantic Canada, Helene produced high winds and heavy rainfall, causing power outages in Prince Edward Island and Cape Breton Island. A wharf in Caribou, Nova Scotia was destroyed by rough seas generated by Helene, and at least 1,000\u00a0lobster traps were carried out to sea as a result.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 57], "content_span": [58, 572]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075692-0022-0000", "contents": "1958 Atlantic hurricane season, Systems, Hurricane Ilsa\nOn September\u00a024, ship reports near an area of disturbed weather east of the Lesser Antilles prompted a Hurricane Hunters flight. By the time the aircraft investigated the system, they discovered a tropical storm with winds of 40\u00a0mph (64\u00a0km/h), which was named Ilsa by the Weather Bureau. Subsequent analysis estimated that the storm became a tropical depression earlier that day. Ilsa quickly intensified into a hurricane on September\u00a025, by which time it was located about 1,100\u00a0mi (1,800\u00a0km) southeast of Hurricane Helene.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 55], "content_span": [56, 580]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075692-0022-0001", "contents": "1958 Atlantic hurricane season, Systems, Hurricane Ilsa\nOver the subsequent few days, the two hurricanes underwent the Fujiwhara effect, in which Ilsa turned to the north and Helene turned to the northeast. Ilsa quickly intensified on September\u00a026, developing a well-defined eye and spiral rainbands. Early on September\u00a027, it reached peak winds of 110\u00a0mph (175\u00a0km/h), and subsequently it weakened. On September\u00a029 the hurricane turned to the northeast and accelerated, becoming extratropical and dissipating by the next day.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 55], "content_span": [56, 525]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075692-0023-0000", "contents": "1958 Atlantic hurricane season, Systems, Hurricane Ilsa\nEarly in the duration of Ilsa, the Weather Bureau issued a gale warning and hurricane watch for the Leeward Islands, Virgin Islands, and northern Puerto Rico. However, no damage was reported. The storm caused extensive beach erosion and squally conditions in Bermuda.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 55], "content_span": [56, 323]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075692-0024-0000", "contents": "1958 Atlantic hurricane season, Systems, Hurricane Janice\nA tropical wave moved through the Lesser Antilles on September\u00a030. It moved westward through the Caribbean, developing a broad circulation by October\u00a03 as it approached Jamaica. The weak circulation gradually became better organized, developing into a tropical depression near the Cayman Islands on October\u00a04. The system quickly intensified into Tropical Storm Janice as it moved toward the coast of Cuba. An eastward-moving cold front turned the storm to the north and northeast, and Janice crossed central Cuba early on October\u00a06.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 57], "content_span": [58, 590]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075692-0024-0001", "contents": "1958 Atlantic hurricane season, Systems, Hurricane Janice\nThe storm intensified while moving through the Bahamas, becoming a hurricane on October\u00a07. Janice slowed that day and reached peak winds of 100\u00a0mph (155\u00a0km/h). On October\u00a09, the hurricane turned to the east-northeast, and by that time had weakened slightly; however, the next day it re-attained its previous peak intensity while passing northwest of Bermuda, reaching a minimum pressure of 968\u00a0mbar (28.6\u00a0inHg). On October\u00a012, Janice became extratropical in the northern Atlantic Ocean, and the next day merged with a stronger non-tropical low offshore Atlantic Canada.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 57], "content_span": [58, 627]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075692-0025-0000", "contents": "1958 Atlantic hurricane season, Systems, Hurricane Janice\nThe precursor to Janice dropped heavy rainfall in Jamaica, reaching over 20\u00a0in (510\u00a0mm) in some locations. Rain-induced flooding destroyed homes, wrecked crops, and damaged coastal wharves and roads. Eight people were killed, and the floods were considered the worst in 25\u00a0years. When Janice was still over Cuba, the Weather Bureau issued gale warnings from Vero Beach, Florida to Cape Hatteras, North Carolina. In the Bahamas, Janice produced peak winds of 63\u00a0mph (101\u00a0km/h) on San Salvador Island. In Nassau, one person was killed while trying to move a boat. A dredger was lost and a yacht was seriously damaged in the Bahamas, and damage in the country reached $200,000.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 57], "content_span": [58, 732]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075692-0026-0000", "contents": "1958 Atlantic hurricane season, Systems, Tropical Storm Twelve\nA low pressure area developed north of Hispaniola from a dissipating cold front, organizing into a tropical depression on October\u00a015. The system moved to the north-northeast, attaining peak winds of 50\u00a0mph (85\u00a0km/h), based on reports from ships. On October\u00a017, the storm transitioned into an extratropical cyclone as it interacted with an approaching cold front. The storm continued northeastward, merging with a larger storm on October\u00a019 to the south of Atlantic Canada.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 62], "content_span": [63, 535]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075692-0027-0000", "contents": "1958 Atlantic hurricane season, Storm names\nThe following names were used for named storms (tropical storms and hurricanes) that formed in the North Atlantic in 1958.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 43], "content_span": [44, 166]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075693-0000-0000", "contents": "1958 Auburn Tigers football team\nThe 1958 Auburn Tigers football team represented Auburn University in the 1958 NCAA University Division football season. It was the Tigers' 67th overall and 26th season as a member of the Southeastern Conference (SEC). The team was led by head coach Ralph \"Shug\" Jordan, in his eighth year, and played their home games at Cliff Hare Stadium in Auburn and Legion Field in Birmingham, Alabama. They finished with a record of nine wins, zero losses and one tie (9\u20130\u20131 overall, 6\u20130\u20131 in the SEC) and were selected national champions by the Montgomery Full Season Championship.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [32, 32], "content_span": [33, 605]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075694-0000-0000", "contents": "1958 Australia rugby union tour of New Zealand\nThe 1958 Australia rugby union tour of New Zealand was a series of rugby union matches played by \"Wallabies\" in 1958.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 46], "section_span": [46, 46], "content_span": [47, 164]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075694-0001-0000", "contents": "1958 Australia rugby union tour of New Zealand\nThe test series was lost with a victory for Australia and two for New Zealand", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 46], "section_span": [46, 46], "content_span": [47, 124]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075695-0000-0000", "contents": "1958 Australian Championships\nThe 1958 Australian Championships was a tennis tournament that took place on outdoor Grass courts at the White City Tennis Club, Sydney, Australia from 17 January to 27 January. It was the 46th edition of the Australian Championships (now known as the Australian Open), the 13th held in Sydney, and the first Grand Slam tournament of the year. The singles titles were taken by Ashley Cooper and Angela Mortimer.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [29, 29], "content_span": [30, 441]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075695-0001-0000", "contents": "1958 Australian Championships, Champions, Men's Doubles\nAshley Cooper /  Neale Fraser defeated  Roy Emerson /   Robert Mark 7\u20135, 6\u20138, 3\u20136, 6\u20133, 7\u20135", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 55], "content_span": [56, 147]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075695-0002-0000", "contents": "1958 Australian Championships, Champions, Women's Doubles\nMary Bevis Hawton /  Thelma Coyne Long defeated  Lorraine Coghlan /  Angela Mortimer 7\u20135, 6\u20138, 6\u20132", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 57], "content_span": [58, 156]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075695-0003-0000", "contents": "1958 Australian Championships, Champions, Mixed Doubles\nMary Bevis Hawton  /  Bob Howe defeated  Angela Mortimer /  Peter Newman 9\u201311, 6\u20131, 6\u20132", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 55], "content_span": [56, 143]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075696-0000-0000", "contents": "1958 Australian Championships \u2013 Men's Singles\nThird-seeded Ashley Cooper defeated Mal Anderson 7\u20135, 6\u20133, 6\u20134 in the final to win the Men's Singles tennis title at the 1958 Australian Championships.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 45], "section_span": [45, 45], "content_span": [46, 197]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075696-0001-0000", "contents": "1958 Australian Championships \u2013 Men's Singles, Seeds\nThe seeded players are listed below. Ashley Cooper is the champion; others show the round in which they were eliminated.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 45], "section_span": [47, 52], "content_span": [53, 173]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075697-0000-0000", "contents": "1958 Australian Championships \u2013 Women's Singles\nFirst-seeded Angela Mortimer defeated Lorraine Coghlan 6\u20133, 6\u20134 in the final to win the Women's Singles tennis title at the 1958 Australian Championships.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 47], "section_span": [47, 47], "content_span": [48, 202]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075697-0001-0000", "contents": "1958 Australian Championships \u2013 Women's Singles, Seeds\nThe seeded players are listed below. Angela Mortimer is the champion; others show the round in which they were eliminated.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 47], "section_span": [49, 54], "content_span": [55, 177]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075698-0000-0000", "contents": "1958 Australian Drivers' Championship\nThe 1958 Australian Drivers' Championship was a CAMS sanctioned Australian motor racing competition for drivers of Formula Libre cars. It was the second Australian Drivers' Championship. The title was contested over a nine race series with the winner awarded the 1958 CAMS Gold Star.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [37, 37], "content_span": [38, 321]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075698-0001-0000", "contents": "1958 Australian Drivers' Championship\nThe championship was won by Stan Jones, driving a Maserati 250F.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [37, 37], "content_span": [38, 102]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075698-0002-0000", "contents": "1958 Australian Drivers' Championship, Points structure\nChampionship points were awarded on an 8-5-3-2-1 basis to the top five finishers in each race. However, as overseas drivers were ineligible to qualify for championship points, no points were awarded for placings scored by these drivers. Similarly drivers of sports cars which on occasion raced amongst the Formula Libre cars, were not eligible for points, although Doug Whiteford's Maserati 300S appears to have been an exception.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [39, 55], "content_span": [56, 486]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075699-0000-0000", "contents": "1958 Australian Grand Prix\nThe 1958 Australian Grand Prix was a motor race for Formula Libre racing cars, held at the Mount Panorama Circuit, near Bathurst in New South Wales, Australia on 6 October 1958. The race had 26 starters. It was the first Australian Grand Prix to specifically exclude sports cars from the entry.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [26, 26], "content_span": [27, 321]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075699-0001-0000", "contents": "1958 Australian Grand Prix\nThe race was the 23rd Australian Grand Prix and the seventh race of the 1958 Australian Drivers' Championship.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [26, 26], "content_span": [27, 137]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075699-0002-0000", "contents": "1958 Australian Grand Prix\nLex Davison won his third AGP, equalling the record held jointly by Bill Thompson and Doug Whiteford.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [26, 26], "content_span": [27, 128]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075699-0003-0000", "contents": "1958 Australian Grand Prix, Classification\n'# New Zealander Merv Neal was not eligible to score points in the Australian Drivers Championship", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [28, 42], "content_span": [43, 141]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075699-0004-0000", "contents": "1958 Australian Grand Prix, 1958 Australian Drivers' Championship standings after the race\nThe top five standings in the 1958 Australian Drivers' Championship after the Australian Grand Prix were:", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [28, 90], "content_span": [91, 196]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075700-0000-0000", "contents": "1958 Australian Tourist Trophy\nThe 1958 Australian Tourist Trophy was a 100-mile motor race for sports cars, staged at the Mount Panorama Circuit near Bathurst in New South Wales, Australia on 6 October 1958. It was the second in a sequence of annual Australian Tourist Trophy races, each of which was recognised by the Confederation of Australian Motor Sport as the Australian Championship for sports cars. The race was won by David McKay driving an Aston Martin DB3S.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [30, 30], "content_span": [31, 469]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075701-0000-0000", "contents": "1958 Australian federal election\nThe 1958 Australian federal election was held in Australia on 22 November 1958. All 122 seats in the House of Representatives and 32 of the 60 seats in the Senate were up for election. The incumbent Liberal\u2013Country coalition led by Prime Minister Robert Menzies defeated the opposition Labor Party, led by H. V. Evatt.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [32, 32], "content_span": [33, 351]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075701-0001-0000", "contents": "1958 Australian federal election, Issues\nIn spite of a major global downturn in early 1958, the Coalition was returned to power and there was an even swing against the Labor Party. This was due largely to support for the breakaway Democratic Labor Party. This was the first Australian election campaign to be fought using television as a medium for communicating with voters. Menzies was interviewed on television, while opposition figures H. V. Evatt and Arthur Calwell took part in debates with ministers Harold Holt and William McMahon. Somewhat surprisingly Menzies emerged as a confident and effective television performer. This may have contributed to the better than expected result for the government.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 40], "content_span": [41, 709]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075702-0000-0000", "contents": "1958 Aviaco SNCASE Languedoc crash\nThe 1958 Aviaco SNCASE Languedoc crash occurred on 4 December 1958 when a SNCASE Languedoc of Aviaco crashed into the La Rodilla de la Mujer Muerta mountain, in the Guadarrama Mountains, Spain, killing all 21 people on board. The aircraft was operating a domestic scheduled passenger flight from Vigo Airport to Barajas Airport, Madrid.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [34, 34], "content_span": [35, 371]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075702-0001-0000", "contents": "1958 Aviaco SNCASE Languedoc crash, Aircraft\nThe accident aircraft was SNCASE Languedoc msn 28, registration EC-ANR.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [36, 44], "content_span": [45, 116]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075702-0002-0000", "contents": "1958 Aviaco SNCASE Languedoc crash, Accident\nThe aircraft departed from Vigo Airport at 15:40 local time on 4 December 1958 bound for Barajas Airport, Madrid. At 17:15, the aircraft was instructed to contact the control tower at Barajas and remain at Flight Level 95. In the next five minutes, the aircraft crashed into the 1,999-metre (6,558\u00a0ft) high La Rodina de la Mujer Muertal mountain, in the Guadarrama Mountains. All five crew and seventeen passengers on board were killed. The search for the aircraft was hampered by inclement weather, with fog, snow, high winds and torrential rain reported.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [36, 44], "content_span": [45, 601]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075702-0003-0000", "contents": "1958 Aviaco SNCASE Languedoc crash, Accident\nThe cause of the accident was that the pilot flew too low whilst trying to descend out of icing conditions. A navigational error may also have contributed to the accident.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [36, 44], "content_span": [45, 216]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075703-0000-0000", "contents": "1958 BARC Aintree 200\nThe 13th BARC \"200\" was a motor race, run to Formula One rules, held on 19 April 1958 at the Aintree Circuit, England. The race was run over 67 laps of the circuit, and was won by British driver Stirling Moss in a Cooper T45.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [21, 21], "content_span": [22, 247]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075703-0001-0000", "contents": "1958 BARC Aintree 200\nThe field also included many Formula Two cars, highest finisher being Tony Brooks who took third place in a Cooper T43.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [21, 21], "content_span": [22, 141]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075703-0002-0000", "contents": "1958 BARC Aintree 200, Results\nNote: a blue background indicates a car running under Formula 2 regulations.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [23, 30], "content_span": [31, 107]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075704-0000-0000", "contents": "1958 BC Lions season\nThe 1958 BC Lions finished the season in fifth place in the W.I.F.U. with a 3\u201313 record.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [20, 20], "content_span": [21, 109]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075704-0001-0000", "contents": "1958 BC Lions season\nHead coach Clem Crowe was fired after an 0\u20135 start to the season and his replacement, former star end Dan Edwards, didn't fare much better, losing his first five games before finally recording a win in a game versus Calgary. All-star guard and linebacker Ed Sharkey on played only five games after sustaining what would be a career-ending neck injury.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [20, 20], "content_span": [21, 372]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075704-0002-0000", "contents": "1958 BC Lions season\nAfter the season, Dan Edwards was fired and Winnipeg assistant Wayne Robinson was hired on December 6 to be the fourth head coach in Lions history.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [20, 20], "content_span": [21, 168]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075704-0003-0000", "contents": "1958 BC Lions season\nEven with such a dismal start to the season, the Lions averaged 23,647 fans per game. On a stranger note, the Lions schedule was exactly the same as that of the previous season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [20, 20], "content_span": [21, 198]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075704-0004-0000", "contents": "1958 BC Lions season\nRookie offensive lineman Tom Hinton was the lone Western all-star for the Lions.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [20, 20], "content_span": [21, 101]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075705-0000-0000", "contents": "1958 BOAC Bristol Britannia crash\nG-AOVD was a Bristol Britannia 312 operated by BOAC which crashed near Christchurch, Dorset in the south of England on Christmas Eve 1958, killing two of the five crew and all seven passengers.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [33, 33], "content_span": [34, 227]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075705-0001-0000", "contents": "1958 BOAC Bristol Britannia crash, Weather conditions\nOn 24 December 1958 much of the south of England was covered in thick fog making travel by any means hazardous. Many aircraft had to be diverted as visibility was below the minimum permissible distance at most of the airports on the south coast. To a pilot who was less than aware of the conditions on the ground and the altitude at which they were flying, this fog would have an appearance very similar to normal cloud cover. For the pilots of G-AOVD this may have added to the illusion that they were at a much higher altitude and that they were reading the instruments correctly.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 53], "content_span": [54, 636]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075705-0002-0000", "contents": "1958 BOAC Bristol Britannia crash, Accident sequence\nThe aircraft departed from London Heathrow Airport at 10:10\u00a0am on a test flight to renew its certificate of airworthiness with 12 persons aboard including five crew. After completing the test, at approximately 11:55\u00a0am, the crew requested clearance to descend from 12,000 feet to 3,000 feet for approach to Hurn Airport, possibly as an alternate destination due to poor weather at Heathrow.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 52], "content_span": [53, 443]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075705-0002-0001", "contents": "1958 BOAC Bristol Britannia crash, Accident sequence\nApproximately 3 minutes later, at 11:58\u00a0am, Hurn Airport lost contact with the aircraft as it struck the ground, crossing a road into a ploughed field, bringing down telephone lines and trees and alerting residents in the nearby villages. Upon realising they had lost contact with the aircraft, the controller at Hurn contacted the emergency services giving the last known position before contact was lost. Likewise the residents of Winkton, Sopley, and people living near Bransgore contacted emergency services saying they believed that they had heard the sound of a low flying aircraft and the sound of a crash.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 52], "content_span": [53, 666]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075705-0003-0000", "contents": "1958 BOAC Bristol Britannia crash, Emergency response and rescue of survivors\nAround midday, the members of the volunteer fire service in Burley and Christchurch were alerted by an air raid siren calling them to the station to respond to the report of the crash. The initial report from Hurn Airport stated that they were unaware of the type of aircraft involved or how many passengers were being carried, and that they believed the aircraft was to the north of the airport when it crashed. However, on receiving updated information on the reports from Winkton and Sopley the fire crews decided to start the search for the aircraft in that area.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 77], "content_span": [78, 645]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075705-0004-0000", "contents": "1958 BOAC Bristol Britannia crash, Emergency response and rescue of survivors\nThe fire service searching in Winkton discovered the location of the wreckage after travelling a short distance along the Burley Road and finding telephone poles and cables which had been broken and dragged into a field off the road. A foot search was mounted and eventually the crew spotted some broken trees along with aircraft debris and a fire. The crew chief sent a message to fire control to confirm the location of the crash and set up a rendezvous at a local public house to give emergency services a positive location. Another appliance which had been sent to Sopley to search there could not be contacted as it was not fitted with a radio; fortunately, however, its crew encountered other appliances heading towards the incident, and were then informed of the location.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 77], "content_span": [78, 857]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075705-0005-0000", "contents": "1958 BOAC Bristol Britannia crash, Emergency response and rescue of survivors\nAnother hindrance to the emergency effort was the lack of a four-wheel drive appliance which meant that the firemen had to attempt to drive an eight-ton vehicle over a ploughed field, which delayed the rescue. While this was going on, the crew chief and some of the crew from the first appliance on the scene continued to search on foot and eventually found the remains of the cockpit with the injured co-pilot trapped inside.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 77], "content_span": [78, 504]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075705-0005-0001", "contents": "1958 BOAC Bristol Britannia crash, Emergency response and rescue of survivors\nThey began to cut him free and as further emergency services arrived on the scene, a coordinated search and rescue effort was mounted over the site, fanning out and finding a further two survivors. The fire station was eventually able to confirm what aircraft had been involved and the number of people on board at the time. Having received this information the emergency services were able to account for all the people involved and to continue putting out the fires.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 77], "content_span": [78, 546]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075705-0006-0000", "contents": "1958 BOAC Bristol Britannia crash, Investigation\nThe crash was attributed to a failure on the part of the captain and first officer to correctly establish the altitude of the aircraft before and during the descent. The Britannia aircraft was fitted with a three-handed altimeter which required a higher degree of concentration to read correctly than was desirable. The crew misread the instrument believing that they were at 11,500 feet when they began descending, when in fact they were at only 1,500 feet. As a result, they flew the aircraft into the ground which was obscured by fog at the time. The type of flight in which the aircraft was engaged was also thought to be a contributing factor.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 48], "content_span": [49, 697]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075705-0007-0000", "contents": "1958 BOAC Bristol Britannia crash, Investigation\nIt was concluded that this crash was a controlled flight into terrain (CFIT) and that there were no defects with the aircraft or its systems which contributed to the crash. For this the failure to read the instruments correctly rests with the captain. This was not the first crash involving a crew misreading this type of altimeter in this long distance, high altitude aircraft. As a direct result of this and other similar incidents, altimeters would now be required to display a cross-hatch or chequered flag when indicating an altitude below 1500 feet. Furthermore, all fire appliances in Christchurch would now be fitted with radios for improved communication, and when four-wheel drive appliances became available, Christchurch was one of the first rural stations to be allocated one.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 48], "content_span": [49, 838]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075705-0008-0000", "contents": "1958 BOAC Bristol Britannia crash, Aftermath\nAs a result of the accident the Ministry of Transport issued a directive to replace all three-pointer altimeters in British registered aircraft which operated at over 20,000 feet before September 1959. This followed an investigation of the problems of interpretation of the display. An interim flight safety warning was also issued pending altimeter replacement which described the risk of misreading these altimeters as \"most likely when the routine monitoring of the instrument panel has been interrupted. If this happened during climb or descent the height when the instruments are rescanned may be very different from the anticipated.\"", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 44], "content_span": [45, 684]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075706-0000-0000", "contents": "1958 BRDC International Trophy\nThe 10th BRDC International Trophy was a motor race, run to Formula One rules, held on 3 May 1958 at the Silverstone Circuit, England. The race was run over 50 laps of the Grand Prix circuit, and was won by British driver Peter Collins in a Ferrari Dino 246.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [30, 30], "content_span": [31, 289]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075706-0001-0000", "contents": "1958 BRDC International Trophy\nThe field also included several Formula Two cars, highest finisher being Cliff Allison in a Lotus 12, finishing in sixth place overall.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [30, 30], "content_span": [31, 166]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075706-0002-0000", "contents": "1958 BRDC International Trophy, Results\nNote: a blue background indicates a car running under Formula 2 regulations.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 39], "content_span": [40, 116]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075707-0000-0000", "contents": "1958 BYU Cougars football team\nThe 1958 BYU Cougars football team was an American football team that represented Brigham Young University in the Skyline Conference during the 1958 NCAA University Division football season. In their third and final season under head coach Hal Kopp, the Cougars compiled a 6\u20134 record (5\u20132 against Skyline opponents), finished third in the Skyline, and outscored opponents by a total of 189 to 150.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [30, 30], "content_span": [31, 428]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075707-0001-0000", "contents": "1958 BYU Cougars football team\nThe team's statistical leaders included Wayne Startin with 332 passing yards, Weldon Jackson with 698 rushing yards and 698 yards of total offense, Nyle McFarlane with 42 points, and R. K. Brown with 177 receiving yards.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [30, 30], "content_span": [31, 251]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075708-0000-0000", "contents": "1958 Ball State Cardinals football team\nThe 1958 Ball State Cardinals football team was an American football team that represented Ball State Teachers College (later renamed Ball State University) in the Indiana Collegiate Conference (ICC) during the 1958 NCAA College Division football season. In its third season under head coach Jim Freeman, the team compiled a 6\u20132 record.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [39, 39], "content_span": [40, 376]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075709-0000-0000", "contents": "1958 Ballon d'Or\nThe 1958 Ballon d'Or, given to the best football player in Europe as judged by a panel of sports journalists from UEFA member countries, was awarded to Raymond Kopa on 16 December 1958.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 16], "section_span": [16, 16], "content_span": [17, 202]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075710-0000-0000", "contents": "1958 Baltimore Colts season\nThe 1958 Baltimore Colts season was the sixth season for the team in the National Football League. The Colts finished the 1958 season with a record of 9 wins and 3 losses to win their first Western Conference title. They won their first league title in the NFL championship game, which ended in overtime with a touchdown by fullback Alan Ameche.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [27, 27], "content_span": [28, 373]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075710-0001-0000", "contents": "1958 Baltimore Colts season, Regular season, Standings\nNote: Tie games were not officially counted in the standings until 1972.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 54], "content_span": [55, 127]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075710-0002-0000", "contents": "1958 Baltimore Colts season, Postseason\nThe 1958 NFL Championship Game was 26th annual NFL championship game, played on December 28 at Yankee Stadium in The Bronx, New York City. The Colts beat the Giants 23\u201317 in overtime, earning their first ever championship, and the game became known as The Greatest Game Ever Played.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 39], "content_span": [40, 322]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075711-0000-0000", "contents": "1958 Baltimore Orioles season\nThe 1958 Baltimore Orioles season involved the Orioles finishing 6th in the American League with a record of 74 wins and 79 losses, 17.5 games behind the AL and World Series champion New York Yankees. The team was managed by Paul Richards, and played their home games at Baltimore's Memorial Stadium, which hosted the All-Star Game that season. During the 1958 season, Gus Triandos hit 30 home runs, setting a Baltimore Orioles franchise record (since broken) for most home runs in one season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [29, 29], "content_span": [30, 523]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075711-0001-0000", "contents": "1958 Baltimore Orioles season, Regular season\nOn June 6, 1958, Orioles president James Keelty, Jr. reached agreement with Miami Marlins president George B. Storer to move the Orioles' spring training home from Scottsdale, Arizona to Miami Stadium for the 1959 spring training season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 45], "content_span": [46, 283]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075711-0002-0000", "contents": "1958 Baltimore Orioles season, Regular season\nOn September 20, pitcher Hoyt Wilhelm struck out eight batters while throwing a no-hitter against the New York Yankees. It was the first no-hitter in Baltimore Orioles history, as Gus Triandos contributed a home run in the 1-0 win.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 45], "content_span": [46, 277]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075711-0003-0000", "contents": "1958 Baltimore Orioles season, Player stats, Batting, Starters by position\nNote: Pos = Position; G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 74], "content_span": [75, 199]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075711-0004-0000", "contents": "1958 Baltimore Orioles season, Player stats, Batting, Other batters\nNote: G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 67], "content_span": [68, 176]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075711-0005-0000", "contents": "1958 Baltimore Orioles season, Player stats, Pitching, Starting pitchers\nNote: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 72], "content_span": [73, 183]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075711-0006-0000", "contents": "1958 Baltimore Orioles season, Player stats, Pitching, Other pitchers\nNote: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 69], "content_span": [70, 180]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075711-0007-0000", "contents": "1958 Baltimore Orioles season, Player stats, Pitching, Relief pitchers\nNote: G = Games pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; SV = Saves; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 70], "content_span": [71, 171]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075712-0000-0000", "contents": "1958 Baseball Hall of Fame balloting\nElections to the Baseball Hall of Fame for 1958 followed a system established after the 1956 election. The Baseball Writers' Association of America (BBWAA) voted by mail to select from recent major league players; they elected no one. The BBWAA was voting only in even-number years, with the Veterans Committee meeting only in odd-numbered years to consider older major league players as well as managers, umpires, and executives. For the first time since 1950, the induction ceremonies in Cooperstown, New York, were canceled because there was no one to induct, the second such occurrence in Hall of Fame history.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [36, 36], "content_span": [37, 651]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075712-0001-0000", "contents": "1958 Baseball Hall of Fame balloting, BBWAA election\nSeveral elements of the current procedure were put into effect. There was a printed list of eligible candidates, all of whom had played in at least ten major league seasons. Only 10-year members of the BBWAA were eligible to vote, and they were instructed to vote for up to ten candidates rather than ten. The latter revision resulted from complaints by many writers in 1956 that there were no longer many viable candidates, a situation which had been caused partly by changes governing candidate eligibility.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 52], "content_span": [53, 562]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075712-0002-0000", "contents": "1958 Baseball Hall of Fame balloting, BBWAA election\nThe BBWAA was authorized to elect players active in 1928 or later but not after 1952, a 25-year span of major league finales. (In a change, they were permitted to be active in non-playing roles.) The Hall of Fame would induct any candidate who received at least 75% support, as always, which was 200 votes on 266 ballots returned. A total of 2,400 individual votes were cast, an average of 9.02 per ballot.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 52], "content_span": [53, 459]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075712-0003-0000", "contents": "1958 Baseball Hall of Fame balloting, BBWAA election\nThere were about 400 players on the new ballot and about 154 received at least one vote. A dagger (\u2020) marks candidates who last played in 1951 or 1952. Under the new rules they would have been on the ballot for the first time, alone among the candidates who received votes, but this was the first ballot with a list of players. Candidates who have been inducted subsequently are named in italics.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 52], "content_span": [53, 449]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075712-0004-0000", "contents": "1958 Baseball Hall of Fame balloting, BBWAA election\nWith many strong candidates but none who particularly stood out, many players received support but none were elected; while 27 players received between 10% and 40%, only two received more than 40%. Max Carey's 51.1% remains the lowest percentage for a top vote getter in a BBWAA election.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 52], "content_span": [53, 341]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075713-0000-0000", "contents": "1958 Basque Pelota World Championships\nThe 1958 Basque Pelota World Championships were the 3rd edition of the Basque Pelota World Championships organized by  the FIPV.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [38, 38], "content_span": [39, 167]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075713-0001-0000", "contents": "1958 Basque Pelota World Championships, Events\nA total of 17 events were disputed, in 5 playing areas.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 46], "content_span": [47, 102]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075714-0000-0000", "contents": "1958 Bathurst 100\nThe 1958 Bathurst 100 was a motor race staged at the Mount Panorama Circuit near Bathurst in New South Wales, Australia on 7 April 1958. It was contested over 26 laps, a distance of approximately 100 miles. The race was promoted by the Australian Racing Drivers Club Ltd.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [17, 17], "content_span": [18, 289]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075714-0001-0000", "contents": "1958 Bathurst 100\nThe race was won by Doug Whiteford driving a Maserati 300S.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [17, 17], "content_span": [18, 77]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075715-0000-0000", "contents": "1958 Bavarian state election\nThe 1958 Bavarian state election was held on 23 November 1958 to elect the members of the Fourth Bavarian Landtag, and was notable for being held in the midst of the Casino Affair, which indicted several Bavarian politicians in the previous government on charges of corruption.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [28, 28], "content_span": [29, 306]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075715-0001-0000", "contents": "1958 Bavarian state election, Background, The Viererkoalition\nWhile the CSU was still suffering from the major upset of the 1950 state elections, they found themselves recouping their losses in 1954, gaining back 19 seats out of the total 40 lost in 1950, while the SPD struggled to keep upwards momentum. This opened a door to another grand coalition which had been done twice now, or a possible alliance with the declining right-wing parties. However, the SPD pulled a major coup after the election results came in.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 61], "content_span": [62, 517]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075715-0001-0001", "contents": "1958 Bavarian state election, Background, The Viererkoalition\nUnder the SPD Landtag chairman Waldemar von Knoeringen, negotiations were brokered with the BP, GB/BHE, and FDP for a Viererkoalition(coalition of four) against the CSU. These were approved and SPD politician Wilhelm Hoegner became Minister-President for a second time, with BP co-founder Joseph Baumgartner as his deputy. This caused internal strife within the CSU, which led to the resignation of Hans Ehard as party chair in January 1955, but he remained in his position as President of Landtag.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 61], "content_span": [62, 560]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075715-0002-0000", "contents": "1958 Bavarian state election, Background, Casino Affair\nIn 1951, businessman Karl Freisehner had approached the government about casino operating concessions in his name. While this was rejected, several Landtag members had received a bribe of 50,000 marks in order to vote yes. With enough pressure, the Bavarian government did give the licences in April 1955. Soon afterwards, the CSU had launched a parliamentary investigation into the opening of the casinos. One of the recipients of the 50,000 mark check was a CSU deputy,  Franz Michel, who came forwards to his other party members. Later on he'd claim he burned the check. The crusade against the bribery was now led by Friedrich Zimmermann, who reportedly had incriminating evidence on Joseph Baumgartner. In 1957, Baumgartner and Minister of the Interior August Geislh\u00f6ringer (also a member of the BP) resigned in face of these allegations.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 55], "content_span": [56, 899]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075715-0003-0000", "contents": "1958 Bavarian state election, Background, Casino Affair\nThe Viererkoalition officially collapsed on 8 October 1957 due to a combination of the Casino Affair and the CDU/CSU victory in the 1957 federal election. The right-wing parties abandoned the SPD in reaction to the election, and Hoegner submitted his resignation on 9 October 1957. CSU politician Hanns Seidel was chosen as Minister-President, and formed a coalition with the FDP and GB/BHE, which would last through the 1958 state elections.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 55], "content_span": [56, 498]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075715-0004-0000", "contents": "1958 Bavarian state election, Results and Aftermath\nThe Casino Affair and the 1958 elections were a major coup for the CSU. They had completely regained the seats lost in 1950, and were now only three off from a Landtag majority. They continued the right-wing coalition government under Seidel, while Zimmerman continued his investigations with vigor. In January 1959 Freisehner came forward with documents detailing payments made to Baumgartner and Geislh\u00f6ringer. Both were sentenced to jail, with Baumgartner receiving two years in prison, and Geislh\u00f6ringer one and a half. It would later be revealed that the documents Freisehner had presented were most likely forged, however by that point it didn't matter, the BP had managed to destroy its own reputation.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 51], "content_span": [52, 761]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075715-0005-0000", "contents": "1958 Bavarian state election, Results and Aftermath\nThe right-wing populists in Bavaria had gone through several ups-and-downs since the formation of post-war democracy, starting with the rise of the WAV and Alfred Loritz's rise to the state cabinet and subsequent escape to Switzerland in 1947\u201348. The quick rise of the BP and GB/BHE were no different. In the 1952 local elections the BP won 705 seats and 10.2% of the vote; in 1956 (on the eve of the Casino Affair) they won 519 seats and 7.6% of the vote; and finally in 1960 they won 145 seats and 2.3% of the vote.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 51], "content_span": [52, 569]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075715-0005-0001", "contents": "1958 Bavarian state election, Results and Aftermath\nBy 1972 they won only two local seats. In that same 1952-1960 period, the GB/BHE went from 740 seats and 10.1% of the vote to 550 seats and 7.8% of the vote and finally to 464 seats and 6.7% of the vote before disbanding. The Casino Affair solidified the downward trend of these parties and the integration of the more radical elements of Bavarian politics into the mainstream parties of the CSU and FDP.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 51], "content_span": [52, 456]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075715-0006-0000", "contents": "1958 Bavarian state election, Results and Aftermath\nThe CSU continued on a relative path of prosperity, even with the death of Minister-President Seidel, who was replaced by the formerly-disgraced chairman of the state party, Hans Ehard who continued forth with essentially the same cabinet.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 51], "content_span": [52, 291]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075715-0007-0000", "contents": "1958 Bavarian state election, Parties\nThe table below lists parties represented in the Third Landtag of Bavaria.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 37], "content_span": [38, 112]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075716-0000-0000", "contents": "1958 Baylor Bears football team\nThe 1958 Baylor Bears football team represented Baylor University in the 1958 NCAA University Division football season. The team finished with a record of 3\u20137.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [31, 31], "content_span": [32, 191]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075717-0000-0000", "contents": "1958 Belgian Grand Prix\nThe 1958 Belgian Grand Prix was a Formula One motor race held on 15 June 1958 at Spa-Francorchamps. It was race 5 of 11 in the 1958 World Championship of Drivers and race 4 of 10 in the 1958 International Cup for Formula One Manufacturers. The race was the 19th Belgian Grand Prix and it was held over 24 laps of the 14 kilometre circuit for a race distance of 339 kilometres.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [23, 23], "content_span": [24, 400]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075717-0001-0000", "contents": "1958 Belgian Grand Prix, Summary\nThe Belgian Grand Prix returned to the calendar after being off the calendar the year previous, and the 8.7 mile Spa circuit had been slightly modified. The pits had been rebuilt, the pit straight had been widened and straightened and the entire track had been resurfaced. The race distance had been shortened from 36 to 24 laps.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 32], "content_span": [33, 362]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075717-0002-0000", "contents": "1958 Belgian Grand Prix, Summary\nThe race was won by British driver Tony Brooks in a Vanwall. It was Brooks first solo Grand Prix victory after his car won the 1957 British Grand Prix in a shared drive with Stirling Moss. Brooks finished 20 seconds ahead of fellow Briton Mike Hawthorn driving a Ferrari 246 F1. Brooks' Vanwall team mate Stuart Lewis-Evans finished third in a career-best finish, the first of just two podium finishes to his short Grand Prix career.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 32], "content_span": [33, 466]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075717-0002-0001", "contents": "1958 Belgian Grand Prix, Summary\nThe race also marked the first World Championship race start (and finish) by a woman in the form of Maria Teresa de Filippis, who had entered the Monaco Grand Prix earlier in the year but failed to qualify. She finished tenth in her privately-entered Maserati 250F, two laps behind Brooks' Vanwall.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 32], "content_span": [33, 331]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075717-0003-0000", "contents": "1958 Belgian Grand Prix, Summary\nOn the last lap, Brooks came out of La Source to end the race, and his gearbox seized as he crossed the line. When Mike Hawthorn was coming out of the same corner to end his race in second, his engine failed as he was coming to the finish line. Stuart Lewis-Evans's suspension collapsed on the way into La Source, and he crawled to the line in third.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 32], "content_span": [33, 383]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075718-0000-0000", "contents": "1958 Belgian general election\nGeneral elections were held in Belgium on 1 June 1958. The result was a victory for the Christian Social Party, which won 104 of the 212 seats in the Chamber of Representatives and 53 of the 106 seats in the Senate. Voter turnout was 93.6% in the Chamber election and 93.7% in the Senate election. Elections for the nine provincial councils were also held.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [29, 29], "content_span": [30, 386]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075718-0001-0000", "contents": "1958 Belgian general election\nThe election took place in a political crisis known as the Second School War. The outgoing anti-clerical \"purple\" government of the Socialist and Liberal Party, led by Achille Van Acker, reversed policies of the previous Catholic-led government regarding private schools. The Van Acker government lost the election, leading again to a Catholic government led by Gaston Eyskens. That government, which was a few seats short of a majority in the Chamber, would be the last single-party government in Belgian history. Later in 1958, the School War was ended by a cross-party agreement and the Liberal Party joined the government.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [29, 29], "content_span": [30, 656]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075719-0000-0000", "contents": "1958 Big Ten Conference football season\nThe 1958 Big Ten Conference football season was the 63rd season of college football played by the member schools of the Big Ten Conference and was a part of the 1958 NCAA University Division football season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [39, 39], "content_span": [40, 247]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075719-0001-0000", "contents": "1958 Big Ten Conference football season\nThe 1958 Iowa Hawkeyes football team, under head coach Forest Evashevski, won the Big Ten football championship and was ranked No. 2 in the final AP and UPI polls, both taken before the bowl games. After defeating California, 38\u201312, in the 1959 Rose Bowl, the Hawkeyes were voted national champion by the Football Writers Association of America in its post-bowl ranking. Iowa quarterback Randy Duncan won the Chicago Tribune Silver Football trophy as the Big Ten's most valuable player, was a consensus first-team All-American, and finished second in the 1958 voting for the Heisman Trophy.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [39, 39], "content_span": [40, 630]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075719-0002-0000", "contents": "1958 Big Ten Conference football season\nThe 1958 Wisconsin Badgers football team, under head coach Milt Bruhn, finished in second place in the Big Ten with a 7\u20131\u20131 record, led the conference in scoring defense (8.6 points allowed per game), and was ranked No. 7 in the final AP Poll. Wisconsin's sole loss was to Iowa. Dale Hackbart led the Badgers with 641 passing yards and 1,032 yards of total offense.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [39, 39], "content_span": [40, 405]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075719-0003-0000", "contents": "1958 Big Ten Conference football season\nThe 1958 Ohio State Buckeyes football team, under head coach Woody Hayes, compiled a 6\u20131\u20132 record and was ranked No. 8 in the final AP Poll. Fullback Bob White was a consensus first-team All-American and led the Big Ten with 859 rushing yards and 72 points scored. End Jim Houston and tackle Jim Marshall were also selected as first-team All-Americans by multiple selectors.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [39, 39], "content_span": [40, 414]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075719-0004-0000", "contents": "1958 Big Ten Conference football season\nOther notable individual performances during the 1958 season include Michigan State end Sam Williams who was selected as a consensus first-team All-American and Illinois end Rich Kreitling who led the Big Ten with 688 receiving yards.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [39, 39], "content_span": [40, 274]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075719-0005-0000", "contents": "1958 Big Ten Conference football season, Season overview, Results and team statistics\nKeyAP final = Team's rank in the final AP Poll of the 1958 seasonAP high = Team's highest rank in the AP Poll throughout the 1958 seasonPPG = Average of points scored per gamePAG = Average of points allowed per gameMVP = Most valuable player as voted by players on each team as part of the voting process to determine the winner of the Chicago Tribune Silver Football trophy; trophy winner in bold", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 85], "content_span": [86, 483]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075719-0006-0000", "contents": "1958 Big Ten Conference football season, Season overview, Preseason\nPhil Dickens was hired by Indiana as its head football coach in 1957 but was suspended by the NCAA for recruiting violations. Accordingly, the 1958 season was Dickens' first as Indiana's head coach.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 67], "content_span": [68, 266]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075719-0007-0000", "contents": "1958 Big Ten Conference football season, Season overview, Bowl games\nOn January 1, 1959, Iowa defeated the California Golden Bears, 38\u201312, in the 1959 Rose Bowl. Iowa halfback Bob Jeter was named the Rose Bowl player of the game. Iowa finished No. 2 in the AP and UPI polls taken prior to the bowl games, but was named national champion in the FWAA poll taken after the bowl games.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 68], "content_span": [69, 381]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075719-0008-0000", "contents": "1958 Big Ten Conference football season, Season overview, Post-season developments\nOn November 14, 1958, Bennie Oosterbaan resigned as Michigan's head football coach with two games remaining in the program's worst season since 1936. Bump Elliott, who had been Michigan's backfield coach for two years, was hired to replace him.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 82], "content_span": [83, 327]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075719-0009-0000", "contents": "1958 Big Ten Conference football season, Statistical leaders\nThe Big Ten's individual statistical leaders for the 1958 season included the following:", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 60], "content_span": [61, 149]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075719-0010-0000", "contents": "1958 Big Ten Conference football season, Awards and honors, All-Big Ten honors\nThe following players were picked by the Associated Press (AP) and/or the United Press International (UPI) as first-team players on the 1958 All-Big Ten Conference football team.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 78], "content_span": [79, 257]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075719-0011-0000", "contents": "1958 Big Ten Conference football season, Awards and honors, All-American honors\nAt the end of the 1958 season, Big Ten players secured three of the 12 consensus first-team picks on the 1958 College Football All-America Team. The Big Ten's consensus All-Americans were:", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 79], "content_span": [80, 268]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075719-0012-0000", "contents": "1958 Big Ten Conference football season, Awards and honors, All-American honors\nOther Big Ten players who were named first-team All-Americans by at least one selector were:", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 79], "content_span": [80, 172]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075719-0013-0000", "contents": "1958 Big Ten Conference football season, Awards and honors, Other awards\nTwo Big Ten players finished among the top five in the voting for the 1958 Heisman Trophy: Iowa quarterback Randy Duncan (second); and Ohio State fullback Bob White (fourth).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 72], "content_span": [73, 247]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075719-0014-0000", "contents": "1958 Big Ten Conference football season, 1959 NFL Draft\nThe following Big Ten players were among the first 100 picks in the 1959 NFL Draft:", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 55], "content_span": [56, 139]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075720-0000-0000", "contents": "1958 Birthday Honours\nThe Queen's Birthday Honours 1958 were appointments in many of the Commonwealth realms of Queen Elizabeth II to various orders and honours to reward and highlight good works by citizens of those countries. The appointments were made to celebrate the official birthday of The Queen. They were published on 3 June 1958 for the United Kingdom and Colonies, Australia, New Zealand, Ghana, and the Federation of Rhodesia and Nyasaland.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [21, 21], "content_span": [22, 452]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075720-0001-0000", "contents": "1958 Birthday Honours\nThe recipients of honours are displayed here as they were styled before their new honour, and arranged by honour, with classes (Knight, Knight Grand Cross, etc.) and then divisions (Military, Civil, etc.) as appropriate.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [21, 21], "content_span": [22, 242]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075721-0000-0000", "contents": "1958 Birthday Honours (New Zealand)\nThe 1958 Queen's Birthday Honours in New Zealand, celebrating the official birthday of Elizabeth II, were appointments made by the Queen on the advice of the New Zealand government to various orders and honours to reward and highlight good works by New Zealanders. They were announced on 12 June 1958.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [35, 35], "content_span": [36, 337]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075721-0001-0000", "contents": "1958 Birthday Honours (New Zealand)\nThe recipients of honours are displayed here as they were styled before their new honour.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [35, 35], "content_span": [36, 125]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075722-0000-0000", "contents": "1958 Bolivian Primera Divisi\u00f3n\nThe 1958 Bolivian Primera Divisi\u00f3n, the first division of Bolivian football (soccer), was played by 12 teams. The champion was Jorge Wilstermann.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [30, 30], "content_span": [31, 176]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075723-0000-0000", "contents": "1958 Bolivian legislative election\nParliamentary elections were held in Bolivia on 20 June 1958. The Revolutionary Nationalist Movement (MNR) received 85% of the vote, and retained its large majorities in both houses of Congress.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [34, 34], "content_span": [35, 229]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075724-0000-0000", "contents": "1958 Boston College Eagles football team\nThe 1958 Boston College Eagles football team represented Boston College as an independent during the 1958 NCAA University Division football season. In its eighth season under head coach Mike Holovak, the team compiled a 7\u20133 record and outscored opponents by a total of 229 to 127.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [40, 40], "content_span": [41, 321]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075724-0001-0000", "contents": "1958 Boston College Eagles football team\nThe team allowed opponents an average of 194.2 yards of total offense per game (106.0 rushing yards and 88.2 passing yards). The defense also recovered 24 fumbles and gave up only 91 first downs in 10 games. All three figures remain Boston College season records.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [40, 40], "content_span": [41, 304]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075724-0002-0000", "contents": "1958 Boston College Eagles football team\nThe team's statistical leaders included quarterback Don Allard with 691 passing yards, Jim Duggan with 489 rushing yards, end Jim Colclough with 462 receiving yards, and end Jack Flanagan with 36 points scored.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [40, 40], "content_span": [41, 251]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075724-0003-0000", "contents": "1958 Boston College Eagles football team\nJack Flanagan also received the Thomas F. Scanlan Memorial Trophy as the senior player outstanding in scholarship, leadership, and athletic ability. Flanagan was also named to the first team of the All-New England football team. Tackle Steve Bennett was named to the second team.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [40, 40], "content_span": [41, 320]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075724-0004-0000", "contents": "1958 Boston College Eagles football team\nFive members of the team went on to play in the National Football League or American Football League: Don Allard, Jim Colclough,Larry Eisenhauer, Alan Miller, and Ross O'Hanley.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [40, 40], "content_span": [41, 218]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075724-0005-0000", "contents": "1958 Boston College Eagles football team\nThe team played its home games at Alumni Stadium in Chestnut Hill, Massachusetts.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [40, 40], "content_span": [41, 122]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075725-0000-0000", "contents": "1958 Boston Red Sox season\nThe 1958 Boston Red Sox season was the 58th season in the franchise's Major League Baseball history. The Red Sox finished third in the American League (AL) with a record of 79 wins and 75 losses, 13 games behind the AL and World Series champion New York Yankees. It would be the last time the Red Sox finished a season above .500, until their \"Impossible Dream\" season of 1967.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [26, 26], "content_span": [27, 404]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075725-0001-0000", "contents": "1958 Boston Red Sox season, Player stats, Batting, Starters by position\nNote: Pos = Position; G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [28, 71], "content_span": [72, 196]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075725-0002-0000", "contents": "1958 Boston Red Sox season, Player stats, Batting, Other batters\nNote: G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [28, 64], "content_span": [65, 173]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075725-0003-0000", "contents": "1958 Boston Red Sox season, Player stats, Pitching, Starting pitchers\nNote: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [28, 69], "content_span": [70, 180]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075725-0004-0000", "contents": "1958 Boston Red Sox season, Player stats, Pitching, Other pitchers\nNote: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [28, 66], "content_span": [67, 177]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075725-0005-0000", "contents": "1958 Boston Red Sox season, Player stats, Pitching, Relief pitchers\nNote: G = Games pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; SV = Saves; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [28, 67], "content_span": [68, 168]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075726-0000-0000", "contents": "1958 Boston University Terriers football team\nThe 1958 Boston University Terriers football team was an American football team that represented Boston University as an independent during the 1958 NCAA University Division football season. In its second season under head coach Steve Sinko, the team compiled a 4\u20135 record and was outscored by a total of 211 to 168.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 45], "section_span": [45, 45], "content_span": [46, 362]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075727-0000-0000", "contents": "1958 Bowling Green Falcons football team\nThe 1958 Bowling Green Falcons football team was an American football team that represented Bowling Green State University in the Mid-American Conference (MAC) during the 1958 NCAA University Division football season. In their fourth season under head coach Doyt Perry, the Falcons compiled a 7\u20132 record (4\u20132 against MAC opponents), finished in third place in the MAC, and outscored all opponents by a combined total of 218 to 91.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [40, 40], "content_span": [41, 471]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075727-0001-0000", "contents": "1958 Bowling Green Falcons football team\nOn November 8, the Falcons defeated Ohio, 33\u20136, starting an 18-game winning streak that continued until November 12, 1960. The streak remains the longest in Bowling Green history.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [40, 40], "content_span": [41, 220]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075727-0002-0000", "contents": "1958 Bowling Green Falcons football team\nThe team's statistical leaders were Bob Colburn with 685 passing yards, Bob Ramlow with 779 rushing yards, and Bernie Casey with 310 receiving yards. Ray Reese was the team captain. Harold Furcron received the team's Most Valuable Player award. Furcron set a Bowling Green record, since broken, with an 81-yard run against Dayton. Jerry Dianiska also had an 80-yard run against Ohio.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [40, 40], "content_span": [41, 424]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075728-0000-0000", "contents": "1958 Brazilian legislative election\nParliamentary elections were held in Brazil on 3 October 1958. Voter turnout was 92.0%.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [35, 35], "content_span": [36, 123]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075729-0000-0000", "contents": "1958 British Empire and Commonwealth Games\nThe 1958 British Empire and Commonwealth Games (Welsh: Gemau Ymerodraeth Prydain a'r Gymanwlad 1958) were held in Cardiff, Wales, from 18\u201326 July 1958.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 42], "section_span": [42, 42], "content_span": [43, 194]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075729-0001-0000", "contents": "1958 British Empire and Commonwealth Games\nThirty-five nations sent a total of 1,130 athletes and 228 officials to the Cardiff Games and 23 countries and dependencies won medals, including, for the first time, Singapore, Ghana, Kenya and the Isle of Man.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 42], "section_span": [42, 42], "content_span": [43, 254]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075729-0002-0000", "contents": "1958 British Empire and Commonwealth Games\nThe Cardiff Games introduced the Queen's Baton Relay, which has been conducted as a prelude to every British Empire and Commonwealth Games ever since.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 42], "section_span": [42, 42], "content_span": [43, 193]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075729-0003-0000", "contents": "1958 British Empire and Commonwealth Games, Venues\nThe British Empire and Commonwealth Games, including the opening and closing ceremonies, were held at the Cardiff Arms Park in the centre Cardiff. A new Wales Empire Pool was constructed for the event. The Sophia Gardens Pavilion was used for the boxing and wrestling events, and Maindy Stadium was used for track cycling. 178,000 tickets were eventually sold during the Games. Rowing took place on Llyn Padarn in Llanberis.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 42], "section_span": [44, 50], "content_span": [51, 475]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075729-0004-0000", "contents": "1958 British Empire and Commonwealth Games, Participating teams\n36 countries and territories were represented (and 1,100 athletes), being the largest number to date, with a significant number of teams competing for the first time at the 1958 British Empire and Commonwealth Games.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 42], "section_span": [44, 63], "content_span": [64, 280]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075729-0005-0000", "contents": "1958 British Empire and Commonwealth Games, Participating teams\nAt Cardiff Arms Park, an anti-apartheid crowd protested at the all-white South African team; games organisers responded that non-white South Africans were ineligible as their associations were not affiliated to the international federations. South Africa left the Commonwealth in 1961 and next appeared at the Games in 1994.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 42], "section_span": [44, 63], "content_span": [64, 388]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075729-0006-0000", "contents": "1958 British Empire and Commonwealth Games, Participating teams\n(Teams competing for the first time are shown in bold).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 42], "section_span": [44, 63], "content_span": [64, 119]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075729-0007-0000", "contents": "1958 British Empire and Commonwealth Games, Medals by event, Cycling, Track\nThe track cycling events were held at the Maindy Stadium in Cardiff.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 42], "section_span": [44, 75], "content_span": [76, 144]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075729-0008-0000", "contents": "1958 British Empire and Commonwealth Games, Medals by event, Rowing\nThe rowing events were held on Llyn Padarn in Llanberis.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 42], "section_span": [44, 67], "content_span": [68, 124]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075729-0009-0000", "contents": "1958 British Empire and Commonwealth Games, Medals by event, Swimming\nSwimming events were held at the Wales Empire Pool in Cardiff.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 42], "section_span": [44, 69], "content_span": [70, 132]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075729-0010-0000", "contents": "1958 British Empire and Commonwealth Games, Medals by event, Diving\nDiving events were held at the Wales Empire Pool in Cardiff.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 42], "section_span": [44, 67], "content_span": [68, 128]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075730-0000-0000", "contents": "1958 British Grand Prix\nThe 1958 British Grand Prix was a Formula One race held on 19 July 1958 at Silverstone. It was race 7 of 11 in the 1958 World Championship of Drivers and race 6 of 10 in the 1958 International Cup for Formula One Manufacturers.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [23, 23], "content_span": [24, 251]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075730-0001-0000", "contents": "1958 British Grand Prix, Entries\nBernie Ecclestone entered a pair of Connaughts for Ivor Bueb and Jack Fairman, with Ecclestone also named as a driver of the Fairman car in case he needed to take over the entry.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 32], "content_span": [33, 211]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075731-0000-0000", "contents": "1958 British Saloon Car Championship\nThe 1958 BRSCC British Saloon Car Championship was the inaugural season of the championship. The series was open to four separate classes, up to 1200cc, 1201-1600cc, 1601-2700cc and 2701cc and above. Equal championship points were to be scored in each class, meaning any driver could win the championship without winning any races outright. The first ever round was actually held on 26 December 1957 at Brands Hatch. The final round of the year was held on 5 October back at Brands Hatch.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [36, 36], "content_span": [37, 525]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075731-0001-0000", "contents": "1958 British Saloon Car Championship\nJack Sears and Tommy Sopwith ended the final race on the same number of championship points. With this a possibility going into the final round it was initially suggested the champion would be decided by the toss of a coin. The idea was very unpopular with both drivers, and it was decided two identical looking Marcus Chambers-owned Riley One-Point-Five works rally cars would be brought along for a five lap shoot-out. To make the race fair, they raced five laps, switched cars, then raced five laps again with the driver who had the quickest combined time being crowned champion. In extremely wet conditions, the first head to head was won by Sopwith by 2.2 seconds. The second race was won by Sears by 3.8 seconds. This meant that Sears was crowned the first ever BSCC champion.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [36, 36], "content_span": [37, 819]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075732-0000-0000", "contents": "1958 British West Indies Championships\nThe 1958 British West Indies Championships was the second edition of the track and field competition between British colony nations in the Caribbean. A total of eighteen events were contested, all of them by men \u2013 women's events were not added until the following year.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [38, 38], "content_span": [39, 308]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075732-0001-0000", "contents": "1958 British West Indies Championships\nGeorge de Peana of British Guiana defended his 5000 metres/10,000 metres double from the previous edition. Trinidadian sprinters Hendrickson Harewood and Clifton Bertrand also defended their titles in the 100 metres and 200 metres, respectively. Betrand added the 400 metres title to his 200\u00a0m to become the first person to win two different sprint events at the competition.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [38, 38], "content_span": [39, 414]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075732-0002-0000", "contents": "1958 British West Indies Championships\nThe Trinidad and Tobago national championships were not held that year, as the country's governing body focused on hosting the wider regional tournament. The host nation topped the medal table at the competition, winning ten of the eighteen events on offer. Jamaica came second, with four gold medals, followed by British Guiana on three. William Gittens's gold for Grenada in the 400 metres hurdles made his country's first medallist at the championships, and also the first winner from outside of the three aforementioned nations.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [38, 38], "content_span": [39, 571]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075733-0000-0000", "contents": "1958 Brown Bears football team\nThe 1958 Brown Bears football team was an American football team that represented Brown University as a member of the Ivy League during the 1958 NCAA University Division football season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [30, 30], "content_span": [31, 217]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075733-0001-0000", "contents": "1958 Brown Bears football team\nIn their eighth and final season under head coach Alva Kelley, the Bears compiled a 6\u20133 record and outscored opponents 211 to 140. Don Warburton was the team captain.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [30, 30], "content_span": [31, 197]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075733-0002-0000", "contents": "1958 Brown Bears football team\nThe Bears' 4\u20133 conference record tied for fourth place in the Ivy League. They outscored Ivy opponents 136 to 128.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [30, 30], "content_span": [31, 145]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075733-0003-0000", "contents": "1958 Brown Bears football team\nBrown played its home games at Brown Stadium in Providence, Rhode Island.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [30, 30], "content_span": [31, 104]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075734-0000-0000", "contents": "1958 Brownlow Medal\nThe 1958 Brownlow Medal was the 31st year the award was presented to the player adjudged the fairest and best player during the Victorian Football League (VFL) home and away season. Neil Roberts of the St Kilda Football Club won the medal by polling twenty-four votes during the 1958 VFL season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [19, 19], "content_span": [20, 315]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075735-0000-0000", "contents": "1958 Bucknell Bison football team\nThe 1958 Bucknell Bison football team was an American football team that represented Bucknell University during the 1958 NCAA College Division football season. Bucknell finished sixth in the Middle Atlantic Conference, University Division.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [33, 33], "content_span": [34, 273]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075735-0001-0000", "contents": "1958 Bucknell Bison football team\nIn its first season under head coach Bob Odell, the team compiled a 1\u20138 record. Charles Apgar and Lewis Hart were the team captains. In the first year of football competition for the Middle Atlantic Conference, Bucknell was 1\u20135 against league opponents.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [33, 33], "content_span": [34, 287]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075735-0002-0000", "contents": "1958 Bucknell Bison football team\nThe team played its home games at Memorial Stadium on the university campus in Lewisburg, Pennsylvania.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [33, 33], "content_span": [34, 137]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075736-0000-0000", "contents": "1958 Buenos Aires Grand Prix\nThe 1958 Buenos Aires Grand Prix was a Formula Libre race held at Buenos Aires on 2 February 1958, at the Aut\u00f3dromo Oscar Alfredo G\u00e1lvez.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [28, 28], "content_span": [29, 166]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075737-0000-0000", "contents": "1958 Buffalo Bulls football team\nThe 1958 Buffalo Bulls football team represented the University at Buffalo in the 1958 NCAA College Division football season. The Bulls offense scored 236 points while the defense allowed 101 points. The team won the Lambert Cup, emblematic of supremacy in Eastern U.S. small-college football. The Bulls were invited to play in the 1958 Tangerine Bowl against Florida State. The team voted to turn down the bowl invitation after learning that they would be allowed to participate only if the team's two black players, back-up defensive end Mike Wilson and starting halfback Willie Evans, did not play in the game. The 1958 Bulls team was profiled on ESPN's Outside the Lines in 2008. Buffalo was not invited to or be bowl-eligible for another 50 years.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [32, 32], "content_span": [33, 785]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075738-0000-0000", "contents": "1958 Bulgarian Cup Final\nThe 1958 Bulgarian Cup Final was the 18th final of the Bulgarian Cup (in this period the tournament was named Cup of the Soviet Army), and was contested between Spartak Plovdiv and Minyor Pernik on 7 November 1958 at Vasil Levski National Stadium in Sofia. Spartak won the final 1\u20130.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [24, 24], "content_span": [25, 308]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075739-0000-0000", "contents": "1958 C-130 shootdown incident\nThe 1958 C-130 shootdown incident was the shooting down of an American Lockheed C-130A-II-LM reconnaissance aircraft which had intruded into Soviet airspace during a reconnaissance mission along the Turkish-Armenian border.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [29, 29], "content_span": [30, 253]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075739-0001-0000", "contents": "1958 C-130 shootdown incident, Incident\nOn September 2, 1958, a Lockheed C-130A-II-LM (s/n 56-0528), from  the 7406th Support Squadron, departed Incirlik Airbase in Turkey on a reconnaissance mission along the Turkish-Armenian border. It was to fly a course parallel to the Soviet frontier, but not approach the border closer than 100 miles (160\u00a0km). The crew reported passing over Trabzon in Turkey at 25,500 feet (7,800\u00a0m) and then acknowledged a weather report from Trabzon, but that was the last communication received from the flight. It was later intercepted and shot down by four Soviet MiG-17s 34\u00a0mi (55\u00a0km; 30\u00a0nmi) north-west of Yerevan.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 39], "content_span": [40, 646]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075739-0001-0001", "contents": "1958 C-130 shootdown incident, Incident\nThe six flight crew were confirmed dead when their remains were repatriated to the United States, but the 11 intelligence-gathering personnel on board have never been acknowledged by Soviet / Russian authorities. After the fall of the Soviet Union a US excavation team found hundreds of skeletal fragments; two remains were identified. A group burial of the 17 crew remains was held at Arlington National Cemetery.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 39], "content_span": [40, 454]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075739-0002-0000", "contents": "1958 C-130 shootdown incident, Probable cause\nThe exact cause of why the aircraft strayed into Soviet airspace is unknown, but according to the Aviation Safety Network, the crew may have confused a radio beacon in the USSR with similar frequencies to the Turkish beacons they were briefed to use, or it may have been a deliberate maneuver to obtain better data.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 45], "content_span": [46, 361]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075739-0003-0000", "contents": "1958 C-130 shootdown incident, Memorial\nIn 1993, Armenian sculptor Martin Kakosian unveiled a khachkar, a traditional Armenian cross stone, at the site of the aircraft's crash in the village of Nerkin Sasnashen. Kakosian had witnessed the crash as a college student on a field trip in 1958. This khachkar later fell over and cracked, and a joint US-Armenian memorial was built to commemorate the site. In 2011, the US Army Office of Defense Cooperation renovated the village kindergarten in appreciation of the villagers' commemoration of the downed airmen.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 39], "content_span": [40, 557]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075740-0000-0000", "contents": "1958 CCCF Youth Championship\nThe 1958 CCCF Youth Championship was an age restricted association football competition organised by the CCCF. All games were hosted in Ciudad de Guatemala and took place between 16 and 25 March.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [28, 28], "content_span": [29, 224]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075741-0000-0000", "contents": "1958 CFL season\nThe 1958 CFL season was the inaugural season of the Canadian Football League. The Hamilton Tiger-Cats and Winnipeg Blue Bombers met again for Canadian football supremacy. The Bombers turned the tables on the Tiger-Cats this time, winning their first Grey Cup since 1941.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 15], "section_span": [15, 15], "content_span": [16, 286]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075741-0001-0000", "contents": "1958 CFL season, League news\nThe Canadian Football Council (CFC) withdrew from the Canadian Rugby Union (CRU) to become a separate entity. As a separate entity, the CFC decided to rename its league the Canadian Football League (CFL) on Sunday, January 19, at the Royal Alexandra Hotel in Winnipeg. The CRU deeded the Grey Cup to the newly-minted CFL, officially locking amateur teams out of Grey Cup play. However, the Grey Cup had been the de facto professional football championship of Canada since the Ontario Rugby Football Union withdrew from Grey Cup competition in 1954.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 15], "section_span": [17, 28], "content_span": [29, 577]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075741-0002-0000", "contents": "1958 CFL season, League news\nThe Commissioner of the CFC, Winnipeg's G. Sydney Halter, QC, was reappointed as the first-ever CFL commissioner. The CFL officially opened its operations on Thursday, August 14, as 18,206 spectators watched the Winnipeg Blue Bombers defeat the Edmonton Eskimos 29\u201321 at Winnipeg. A regular season game was played in the United States, at Philadelphia's Municipal Stadium on September 14 as the Hamilton Tiger-Cats defeated the Ottawa Rough Riders by a score of 24\u201318.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 15], "section_span": [17, 28], "content_span": [29, 497]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075741-0003-0000", "contents": "1958 CFL season, Regular season, Final regular season standings\nNote: GP = games played, W = wins, L = losses, T = ties, PF = points for, PA = points against, Pts = points", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 15], "section_span": [17, 63], "content_span": [64, 171]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075742-0000-0000", "contents": "1958 Caen Grand Prix\nThe 1958 Caen Grand Prix was a motor race, run to Formula One rules, held on 20 July 1958 at the Circuit de la Prairie, Caen. The race was run over 86 laps of the circuit, and was won by British driver Stirling Moss who lapped the field in a Cooper T45.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [20, 20], "content_span": [21, 274]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075743-0000-0000", "contents": "1958 Cal Aggies football team\nThe 1958 Cal Aggies football team represented the Northern Branch of the College of Agriculture in the 1958 NCAA College Division football season. The team was known as either the Cal Aggies or California Aggies, and competed in the Far Western Conference (FWC).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [29, 29], "content_span": [30, 292]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075743-0001-0000", "contents": "1958 Cal Aggies football team\nThe Aggies were led by first-year head coach Herb Schmalenberger. They played home games at Aggie Field. The Aggies finished the season with a record of five wins and four losses (5\u20134, 3\u20132 FWC). They outscored their opponents 106\u2013100 for the 1958 season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [29, 29], "content_span": [30, 284]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075743-0002-0000", "contents": "1958 Cal Aggies football team, NFL Draft\nNo Cal Aggies players were selected in the 1959 NFL Draft.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 40], "content_span": [41, 99]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075744-0000-0000", "contents": "1958 Cal Poly Mustangs football team\nThe 1958 Cal Poly Mustangs football team represented California Polytechnic State University during the 1958 NCAA College Division football season. Cal Poly competed in the California Collegiate Athletic Association (CCAA).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [36, 36], "content_span": [37, 260]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075744-0001-0000", "contents": "1958 Cal Poly Mustangs football team\nThe team was led by ninth-year head coach LeRoy Hughes and played home games at Mustang Stadium in San Luis Obispo, California. They finished the season with a record of nine wins and one loss (9\u20131, 4\u20131 CCAA). They tied with Fresno State for the best record in the conference, but Fresno State was awarded the championship because they had defeated Cal Poly during the season. Despite its single loss, the Mustangs dominated their opponents for the season, scoring 321 points while giving up only 60.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [36, 36], "content_span": [37, 537]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075744-0002-0000", "contents": "1958 Cal Poly Mustangs football team, Team players in the NFL\nNo Cal Poly Mustangs were selected in the 1959 NFL Draft.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 61], "content_span": [62, 119]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075745-0000-0000", "contents": "1958 Cal Poly Pomona Broncos football team\nThe 1958 Cal Poly Pomona Broncos football team represented Cal Poly Kellogg-Voorhis Unit during the 1958 NCAA College Division football season. Cal Poly Pomona played as an independent in 1958.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 42], "section_span": [42, 42], "content_span": [43, 236]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075745-0001-0000", "contents": "1958 Cal Poly Pomona Broncos football team\nCal Poly Pomona was led by second-year head coach Don Warhurst. They played home games on campus in Pomona, California. The Broncos finished the season with a record of seven wins and three losses (7\u20133). Overall, the team outscored its opponents 275\u2013150 for the season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 42], "section_span": [42, 42], "content_span": [43, 312]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075745-0002-0000", "contents": "1958 Cal Poly Pomona Broncos football team, Team players in the NFL\nNo Cal Poly Pomona players were selected in the 1959 NFL Draft.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 42], "section_span": [44, 67], "content_span": [68, 131]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075746-0000-0000", "contents": "1958 Calgary Stampeders season\nThe 1958 Calgary Stampeders finished in 4th place in the W.I.F.U. with a 6\u20139\u20131 record and failed to make the playoffs.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [30, 30], "content_span": [31, 149]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075747-0000-0000", "contents": "1958 California Golden Bears football team\nThe 1958 California Golden Bears football team was an American football team that represented the University of California, Berkeley in the Pacific Coast Conference (PCC) during the 1958 NCAA University Division football season. In their second year under head coach Pete Elliott, the Golden Bears compiled a 7\u20134 record (6\u20131 against PCC opponents), won the PCC championship, lost to Iowa in the 1959 Rose Bowl, and outscored their opponents by a combined total of 207 to 200.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 42], "section_span": [42, 42], "content_span": [43, 518]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075747-0001-0000", "contents": "1958 California Golden Bears football team\nThe team's statistical leaders included Joe Kapp with 649 passing yards and 582 rushing yards and Jack Hart with 334 receiving yards. Kapp and Hart were also the team's co-captains. Kapp was later inducted into the College Football Hall of Fame.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 42], "section_span": [42, 42], "content_span": [43, 288]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075748-0000-0000", "contents": "1958 California Proposition 18\nCalifornia Proposition 18 was on the November 4, 1958 California ballot measure as an initiated constitutional amendment. This measure is more commonly referred as the \"right to work\" law and would have added a new provision, Section 1-A to Article 1 of the State Constitution. The amendment would \u201cprohibit employers and employee organizations from entering into collective bargaining or other agreements which establish membership in a labor organization, or payment of dues or charges of any kind, as a condition of employment or continued employment.\u201d That is, making union membership voluntary, rather than compulsory, for employment.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [30, 30], "content_span": [31, 670]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075748-0001-0000", "contents": "1958 California Proposition 18\nThe proposition would also declare certain practices unlawful such as those  practices relating to membership in labor organizations. It also provides for injunction and damage suits against any individuals or group found to violate or attempt to violate the amendment. Proposition 18 also provides the definition for a \u201clabor organization\u201d. The proposition did not pass.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [30, 30], "content_span": [31, 402]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075748-0002-0000", "contents": "1958 California Proposition 18, Background\nUnions started to gain ground following the passage of several governmental acts such as the Railway Labor Act of 1926, Wagner Act of 1935, and the Taft Hartley Act of 1947. The newly empowered unions would be able to engage in union shop activities due to the nature of these acts. With negotiating power now firmly in the hands of union officials and employers a growing concern about the power of employment and safety of workers' rights loomed.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 42], "content_span": [43, 491]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075748-0002-0001", "contents": "1958 California Proposition 18, Background\nThere was a shift from craft-unions to industrial-unions, ultimately changing the population of union members from approximately 3,000,000 in 1935 to 15,000,000 in 1945. Labor unions had more power than they ever did before. In response to these major changes, Congress passed the Taft-Hartley Act of 1947. The Taft-Hartley Act of 1947, still in effect today, forbids certain practices by unions, including forcing workers to join a union, and allowed states to elect to pass right-to-work laws.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 42], "content_span": [43, 538]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075748-0003-0000", "contents": "1958 California Proposition 18, Background\nThe creation of the McClellan Committee, which was a select committee in charge of investigating the extent of corruption in labor-management relations, would expose many corrupt bosses and labor unions. This national issue would be decided on the state level.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 42], "content_span": [43, 303]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075748-0004-0000", "contents": "1958 California Proposition 18, Proponents\nProponents of the constitutional amendment argued that all workers should have the right to elect whether or not they join a labor organization. Supporters of the proposition believed that voluntary unionism would provide a safeguard against the exploitation that could arise from monopoly control of employment.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 42], "content_span": [43, 355]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075748-0005-0000", "contents": "1958 California Proposition 18, Proponents\nThose who supported the measure reasoned that it would grant workers the freedom of choice that was guaranteed in the U.S Constitution to all American citizens. This amendment would consequently protect workers from the unfair practices and corruption of employers and union officers.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 42], "content_span": [43, 327]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075748-0006-0000", "contents": "1958 California Proposition 18, Proponents\nSupporters also claimed that passing the right-to-work law in California would help rid of disloyal union leaders.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 42], "content_span": [43, 157]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075748-0007-0000", "contents": "1958 California Proposition 18, Opponents\nOpponents argued that, the so-called \u201cright to work\u201d measure would jeopardize California's economy and pit employers and employees against one another during a time when there is a fluctuating national economy and international tension. The resulting tension between employers and employees would destroy industrial relations", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 41], "content_span": [42, 367]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075748-0008-0000", "contents": "1958 California Proposition 18, Opponents\nThe measure was deemed immoral and ran contrary to the U.S democratic system. The U.S government is based on the principle of majority rule and according to the Taft Hartley Act  states that union open shop can only exist where there is majority rule because the majority of employees has chosen a single union as their bargaining agent. According to opponents of the measure union open shop is therefore \u201cthe American, democratic way\u201d as well.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 41], "content_span": [42, 486]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075748-0009-0000", "contents": "1958 California Proposition 18, Opponents\nOpponents of Proposition 18 quote statistics from the U.S Department of Commerce that reveal California's per capita income is 60 percent larger than those states who passed such \u201cright to work\u201d measures. Therefore, passage of the proposition would lower income and profits of all professional persons.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 41], "content_span": [42, 344]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075748-0010-0000", "contents": "1958 California Proposition 18, Opponents, Spending\nOpponents of Prop. 18 recorded spending $1,250,000 against the measure, according to the Secretary of State's office. Their receipts totaled $1,523,653, while spending $1,241,196. Supporters of Prop. 18 recorded their receipts to total $507,053 and spending $390,419. Prop. 18 opposition outspent the supporters three to one. It was reported that General Electric was the biggest supporter of the proposition residing outside of California, with the majority being spend on advertising. The largest out-of-state check written for the opposition was by the National Council for Industrial Peace in Washington.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 51], "content_span": [52, 660]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075748-0011-0000", "contents": "1958 California Proposition 18, Results\nCalifornia Proposition 18 was defeated in the general elections of 1958 on November 4. It was defeated by the efforts of unions and civil rights groups who fought to maintain the status quo, maintaining union strength. The labor issue created a rift in the Republican Party caused by the rivalry of Governor Goodwin J. Knight and Senator William F. Knowland would create a shift in the political tide in favor of the Democrats. The liberal Democrats would remain firm and united in opposing the proposition, which would pay off with Edmund G. Brown winning the governorship of California and political control of California being held firmly in the hands of the Democratic party.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 39], "content_span": [40, 719]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075749-0000-0000", "contents": "1958 California gubernatorial election\nThe 1958 California gubernatorial election took place on November 4, 1958.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [38, 38], "content_span": [39, 113]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075749-0001-0000", "contents": "1958 California gubernatorial election, General election results\nCalifornia was considered a Republican stronghold in the post-World War II era, electing Republican governors Earl Warren and Goodwin Knight, as well as senators Richard Nixon, William Knowland, and Thomas Kuchel. Knowland was a prestigious two-term Senator who had served as Senate Majority Leader and Senate Minority Leader. His seat was considered safe going into the 1958 midterm elections, but he stunned everyone when he announced his intention to run for governor instead of re-election to the Senate. This was especially surprising because California had a relatively popular Republican governor in Goodwin Knight who was also expected to be re-elected.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 64], "content_span": [65, 726]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075749-0001-0001", "contents": "1958 California gubernatorial election, General election results\nKnowland coerced Knight into a \"backroom deal\" in which Knowland and Knight would \"trade places\", with Knight running for Knowland's Senate seat. Knight really had no desire to be Senator and in later years lamented how Knowland \"strongarmed\" him into the switch. Knowland thought being governor would enhance his chances of challenging another Californian, Richard Nixon, for the 1960 Republican Presidential nomination. For their part, the Democrats nominated popular state Attorney General Edmund G. \"Pat\" Brown, who was the only Democrat that held a statewide office in a Republican leaning state. As it turned out, the Knowland-Knight switch was not popular with California voters. Brown steadily gained in the polls and defeated Knowland for governor, and Knight lost to Congressman Clair Engle in the Senate race.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 64], "content_span": [65, 885]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075749-0002-0000", "contents": "1958 California gubernatorial election, General election results, Results by county\nBrown is the last Democratic gubernatorial nominee to have won Glenn, Inyo, Sutter, and Tulare Counties. The Democratic gubernatorial candidate would not win Butte and Riverside Counties again until 1978.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 83], "content_span": [84, 288]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075750-0000-0000", "contents": "1958 California lieutenant gubernatorial election\nThe 1958 California lieutenant gubernatorial election was held on November 4, 1958. Democratic nominee Glenn M. Anderson narrowly defeated incumbent Republican Harold J. Powers with 50.87% of the vote.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 49], "section_span": [49, 49], "content_span": [50, 251]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075751-0000-0000", "contents": "1958 Cambodian electoral law referendum\nA referendum on changes to the electoral law was held in Cambodia on 26 January 1958. The changes would reduce the number of MPs from 91 to 61. It was approved by 99.9% of voters. Fresh elections under the new law took place in March.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [39, 39], "content_span": [40, 274]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075752-0000-0000", "contents": "1958 Cambodian general election\nGeneral elections were held in Cambodia on 23 March 1958. The Sangkum party received all but 409 of the 1.6 million votes, winning all 61 seats in the National Assembly.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [31, 31], "content_span": [32, 201]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075752-0001-0000", "contents": "1958 Cambodian general election, Results, By district\nMost districts only had one Sangkum candidate, but one Phnom Penh district was contested by a Pracheachon candidate.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 53], "content_span": [54, 170]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075753-0000-0000", "contents": "1958 Cameroonian constitutional referendum\nA referendum on the new constitution of France was held in French Cameroons on 28 September 1958 as part of a wider referendum held across the French Union. The new constitution would see the territory become part of the new French Community if accepted, or result in independence if rejected. It was approved by 96.6% of voters.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 42], "section_span": [42, 42], "content_span": [43, 372]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075754-0000-0000", "contents": "1958 Campeonato Argentino de Rugby\nThe Campeonato Argentino de Rugby 1958 was won by the selection of Capital that defeated the selection of Buenos Aires Province (\"Provincia\"). There were fourteen teams that participated, including two new selections: Valle de Lerma (Salta Province) and Sur.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [34, 34], "content_span": [35, 293]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075754-0001-0000", "contents": "1958 Campeonato Argentino de Rugby, Final\nCapital R. Raimundez ('B. A. ), C. Lennon (Belgrano), E. Karplus (Pueyrred\u00f3n), E. Fern\u00e1ndez del Casal (C.U.B.A. ), J. Ferrer (C.U.B.A. ), L. M\u00e9ndez (O. S.), R. Brown (B. A. ), S. Hogg (B. A. ), M. Aspiroz (B. A. ), C. \u00c1lvarez (C.U.B.A. ), D. R. Hogg (B.. A. ), J. Trebotich (Puey\u00acrred\u00f3n), E. Gavi\u00f1a (C.U.B.A. ), C. Ezcurra (C.U.B.A. ), E. Verardo (Belgrano).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [36, 41], "content_span": [42, 400]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075754-0001-0001", "contents": "1958 Campeonato Argentino de Rugby, Final\nProvincia: R. Pesce (A. D. F.), O. Bernacchi (Curupayt\u00ed), J. Campos S. Fernando), J. L. Guidi (A. D. F.), A. Salinas (Olivos), I. Comas (Pucar\u00e1), E. Holmgreen (Olivos), J. Vibart (O. Phil. ), S. Gamarra S. Fernando), J. Pulido (A. D. F.), E. Parola (Curupayt\u00ed), A. Ota\u00f1o (Pucar\u00e1), E. Sorhaburu (Olivos), R. Sant\u00e1ngelo (Curupayt\u00ed), O. Diserio (S. Fernando).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [36, 41], "content_span": [42, 398]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075755-0000-0000", "contents": "1958 Campeonato Carioca\nThe 1958 edition of the Campeonato Carioca kicked off on July 13, 1958 and ended on January 17, 1959. It was organized by FMF (Federa\u00e7\u00e3o Metropolitana de Futebol, or Metropolitan Football Federation). Twelve teams participated. Vasco da Gama won the title for the 12th time. no teams were relegated.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [23, 23], "content_span": [24, 323]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075755-0001-0000", "contents": "1958 Campeonato Carioca, System\nThe tournament would be disputed in a double round-robin format, with the team with the most points winning the title.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 31], "content_span": [32, 150]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075755-0002-0000", "contents": "1958 Campeonato Carioca, Championship, Playoffs\nAs stipulated in the regulations, in case of two teams or more tying in points, the teams in question would dispute a playoff. since Vasco da Gama, Botafogo and Flamengo ended up tied, the playoffs would be disputed as a single round-robin tournament, popularly known as the \"Supercampeonato\". However, at the end of the tournament, the three tied in points again, forcing another playoff, known as the \"Supersupercampeonato\", to be held, which was won by Vasco da Gama.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 47], "content_span": [48, 518]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075756-0000-0000", "contents": "1958 Campeonato Paulista\nThe 1958 Campeonato Paulista da Primeira Divis\u00e3o, organized by the Federa\u00e7\u00e3o Paulista de Futebol, was the 57th season of S\u00e3o Paulo's top professional football league. Santos won the title for the 4th time. Ypiranga was relegated and the top scorer was Santos's Pel\u00e9 with 58 goals.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [24, 24], "content_span": [25, 305]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075756-0001-0000", "contents": "1958 Campeonato Paulista, Championship\nThe championship was disputed in a double-round robin system, with the team with the most points winning the title and the team with the fewest points being relegated.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 38], "content_span": [39, 206]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075757-0000-0000", "contents": "1958 Campeonato Profesional\nThe 1958 Campeonato Profesional was the 11th season of Colombia's top-flight football league. After the previous season's multi-stage competition, the Campeonato Profesional returned to a single-stage format, with everyone playing each other 4 times over the season. The tournament began in May, a month after the end of the previous season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [27, 27], "content_span": [28, 369]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075757-0001-0000", "contents": "1958 Campeonato Profesional\nIndependiente Santa Fe won the league for 2nd time in its history after getting 48 points (Santa Fe was the champion of the first Campeonato Profesional in 1948), while defending champions Independiente Medell\u00edn did not compete.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [27, 27], "content_span": [28, 256]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075757-0002-0000", "contents": "1958 Campeonato Profesional, Background\n10 teams competed in the tournament, down from the previous season's 12, with Uni\u00f3n Magdalena withdrawing because economic problems, while Boca Juniors de Cali refusing to participate in any further Dimayor tournaments. To balance their removal, Atl\u00e9tico Manizales rejoined the competition (its last tournament being 1954). Atl\u00e9tico Nacional and Independiente Medell\u00edn mixed their teams competing under the name of Atl\u00e9tico Nacional, but known popularly as Independiente Nacional.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 39], "content_span": [40, 520]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075757-0003-0000", "contents": "1958 Campeonato Profesional, League system\nEvery team played four games against each other team, two at home and two away. Teams received two points for a win and one point for a draw. If two or more teams were tied on points, places were determined by goal difference. The team with the most points is the champion of the league.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 42], "content_span": [43, 330]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075758-0000-0000", "contents": "1958 Canada Cup\nThe 1958 Canada Cup took place 20\u201323 November at the Club de Golf M\u00e9xico in Mexico City, Mexico. It was the sixth Canada Cup event, which became the World Cup in 1967. The tournament was a 72-hole stroke play team event with 32 teams. These were the same 30 teams that had competed in 1957 without Thailand but with the addition of Ecuador, Peru and Venezuela. Each team consisted of two players from a country. The combined score of each team determined the team results. The Irish team of Harry Bradshaw and Christy O'Connor Snr won by three strokes over the Spanish team of \u00c1ngel Miguel and Sebasti\u00e1n Miguel. The individual competition was won by \u00c1ngel Miguel, who beat Harry Bradshaw at the third hole of a sudden-death playoff.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 15], "section_span": [15, 15], "content_span": [16, 748]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075758-0001-0000", "contents": "1958 Canada Cup, Teams\nGerard de Wit, representing the Netherlands, never reached Mexico after the plane he was travelling in developed engine problems. Cees Cramer played as an individual.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 15], "section_span": [17, 22], "content_span": [23, 189]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075758-0002-0000", "contents": "1958 Canada Cup, Scores\nLee Holbrook of Ecuador withdrew after the first round and Sam Snead of the United States withdrew after the second round.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 15], "section_span": [17, 23], "content_span": [24, 146]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075758-0003-0000", "contents": "1958 Canada Cup, Scores\nMiguel beat Bradshaw at the third hole of a sudden-death playoff.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 15], "section_span": [17, 23], "content_span": [24, 89]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075759-0000-0000", "contents": "1958 Canadian federal election\nThe 1958 Canadian federal election (formally the 24th Canadian general election) was held to elect members  of the House of Commons of Canada of the 24th Parliament of Canada on March 31, 1958, just nine months after the 23rd election. It transformed Prime Minister John Diefenbaker's minority into the largest majority government in Canadian history and the second largest percentage of the popular vote. Although the Tories would surpass their 1958 seat total in the 1984 election, the 1958 result (achieved in a smaller House) remains unmatched both in terms of percentage of seats (78.5%) and the size of the Government majority over all opposition parties (a 151-seat majority). Voter turnout was 79.4%.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [30, 30], "content_span": [31, 739]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075759-0001-0000", "contents": "1958 Canadian federal election, Overview\nDiefenbaker called a snap election and capitalized on three factors:", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 40], "content_span": [41, 109]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075759-0002-0000", "contents": "1958 Canadian federal election, National results\n\"Previous\" refers to standings at previous election, not to standings in the House of Commons at dissolution.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 48], "content_span": [49, 158]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075759-0003-0000", "contents": "1958 Canadian federal election, National results\n* The party did not nominate candidates in the previous election.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 48], "content_span": [49, 114]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075760-0000-0000", "contents": "1958 Cannes Film Festival\nThe 11th Cannes Film Festival was held from 2 to 18 May 1958. The Palme d'Or went to the Letyat zhuravli by Mikhail Kalatozov.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [25, 25], "content_span": [26, 152]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075760-0001-0000", "contents": "1958 Cannes Film Festival, Jury\nThe following people were appointed as the Jury of the 1958 competition:", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [27, 31], "content_span": [32, 104]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075760-0002-0000", "contents": "1958 Cannes Film Festival, Out of competition\nThe following film was selected to be screened out of competition:", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [27, 45], "content_span": [46, 112]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075760-0003-0000", "contents": "1958 Cannes Film Festival, Short film competition\nThe following short films competed for the Short Film Palme d'Or:", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [27, 49], "content_span": [50, 115]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075761-0000-0000", "contents": "1958 Caribbean Series\nThe tenth edition of the Caribbean Series (Serie del Caribe) was played in 1958. It was held from February 8 through February 13 with the champions teams from Cuba, Tigres de Marianao; Panama, Carta Vieja Yankees; Puerto Rico, Criollos de Caguas and Venezuela, Industriales de Valencia. The format consisted of 12 games, each team facing the other teams twice. The games were played at Sixto Escobar Stadium in San Juan, P.R. ).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [21, 21], "content_span": [22, 450]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075761-0001-0000", "contents": "1958 Caribbean Series, Summary\nCuba won the Series with a 4-2 record en route for a third straight championship (fifth overall). Managed by Napole\u00f3n Reyes, the team received offensive support from 2B Casey Wise (.407 BA), CF Solly Drake (.333) and LF Minnie Mi\u00f1oso (.318). The pitching staff was led by Pedro Ramos (2-1, 18 strikeouts) and Bob Shaw (1-0, 1.69 ERA and no walks in 16 innings). The Cubans, who failed to hit a home run in the Series, also had 1B Julio B\u00e9cquer and C Ray Noble in addition to pitchers Mike Fornieles and Bill Werle. The Marianao club became the first repeat champions in the Series history.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [23, 30], "content_span": [31, 620]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075761-0002-0000", "contents": "1958 Caribbean Series, Summary\nPanama, led by catcher/manager Wilmer Shantz, posted a 3-3 record to tie the second place with Puerto Rico. The Panamanian squad got fine work of pitchers Humberto Robinson (2-0, 1.00 ERA, including a four-hit shutout) and Carl Duser (1-0, 3.00), while 3B H\u00e9ctor L\u00f3pez hit .474 with a .609 SLG.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [23, 30], "content_span": [31, 325]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075761-0003-0000", "contents": "1958 Caribbean Series, Summary\nPuerto Rico was guided by Ted Norbert and received a strong pitching performance from Juan Pizarro (1-0, 2.76 16\u2153  innings), who set two strikeout records with 17 in a game (#2) and 29 overall (12 in game 10). The Caguas attack was guided by 1B V\u00edctor Pellot Power (.458 BA, eight RBI, .583 SLG) and CF Roberto Clemente (.391, six runs, .609 SLG), while P Jerry Nelson (1-1, 0.00 ERA) allowed three unearned runs over 18 innings. Other roster members included Mike Goliat (2B), Luis [Canena] M\u00e1rquez (OF), F\u00e9lix Mantilla (SS), Jos\u00e9 [Pantalones] Santiago (P) and Valmy Thomas (C).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [23, 30], "content_span": [31, 610]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075761-0004-0000", "contents": "1958 Caribbean Series, Summary\nVenezuela, piloted by Regino Otero, finished in last place with a 2-4 record. The offensive was anchored by catcher and Series MVP Earl Battey (.435 BA, four RBI, .739 SLG), 1B Lou Limmer (.381, two HR, five RBI, .762 SLG) and RF Bob Wilson, who won the batting title with a .500 BA (12-for-24) while collecting one home run, five runs, four RBI and a .708 SLG. For the second time, Limmer led the tournament in home runs. Pitchers Ram\u00f3n Monzant (1-1, 3.95) and Jos\u00e9 Bracho (1-2, 4.37) got the victories for Valencia. OF Elio Chac\u00f3n (.217, four runs, 3B, one RBI) and SS Chico Carrasquel (.240, four runs, two RBI) also homered in the Series. Besides, Juli\u00e1n Ladera made two relief appearances and struck out 10 batters in 10\u2154 innings of work.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [23, 30], "content_span": [31, 774]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075762-0000-0000", "contents": "1958 Carmarthenshire County Council election\nAn election to the Carmarthenshire County Council was held in April 1958. It was preceded by the 1955 election and followed, by the 1961 election.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [44, 44], "content_span": [45, 191]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075762-0001-0000", "contents": "1958 Carmarthenshire County Council election, Overview of the result\nA close run election resulted in Labour narrowly regaining control of the authority. The Carmarthen Journal bemoaned the lack of organization amongst the Independents, compared with Labour and referred to the haphazard methods of nomination, particularly in rural areas. Labour took all nine aldermanic vacancies.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [46, 68], "content_span": [69, 382]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075762-0002-0000", "contents": "1958 Carmarthenshire County Council election, Retiring aldermen\nA number of retiring councilors stood down to allow retiring aldermen to be returned unopposed. These included a Plaid Cymru councilor at Ammanford in favour of retiring Labour alderman, John Harries.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [46, 63], "content_span": [64, 264]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075762-0003-0000", "contents": "1958 Carmarthenshire County Council election, Unopposed returns\nThere were more unopposed returns than in any previous election, according to one local newspaper. In Llanelli, where many wards had been closely contested at previous county elections, Labour candidates were returned unopposed in all nine divisions. These included the No.1 Ward which had been held by an Independent in the previous council.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [46, 63], "content_span": [64, 406]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075762-0004-0000", "contents": "1958 Carmarthenshire County Council election, Contested elections\nIn the few contests that took place very few seats changed hands. In Carmarthen, an Independent councilor was defeated by a Ratepayer candidate.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [46, 65], "content_span": [66, 210]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075762-0005-0000", "contents": "1958 Carmarthenshire County Council election, Election of aldermen\nIn addition to the 59 councillors the council consisted of 19 county aldermen. Aldermen were elected by the council, and served a six-year term. Following the elections, the majority of the aldermanic vacancies were taken by Labour.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [46, 66], "content_span": [67, 299]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075762-0006-0000", "contents": "1958 Carmarthenshire County Council election, By-elections\nFollowing the selection of aldermen the following by-elections were held.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [46, 58], "content_span": [59, 132]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075763-0000-0000", "contents": "1958 Central Michigan Chippewas football team\nThe 1958 Central Michigan Chippewas football team represented Central Michigan College, renamed Central Michigan University in 1959, in the Interstate Intercollegiate Athletic Conference (IIAC) during the 1958 NCAA College Division football season. In their eighth season under head coach Kenneth \"Bill\" Kelly, the Chippewas compiled a 7\u20133 record (4\u20132 against IIAC opponents) and outscored their opponents by a combined total of 216 to 204.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 45], "section_span": [45, 45], "content_span": [46, 486]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075763-0001-0000", "contents": "1958 Central Michigan Chippewas football team\nThe team's statistical leaders included Oarie Lemanski with 455 passing yards and Walter Beach with 929 rushing yards and 264 receiving yards. Beach received the team's most valuable player award for the first of two consecutive years, and he was also named most valuable player in the IIAC. Five Central Michigan players (Beach, defensive end Don Beemer, defensive back Al Bernardi, defensive tackle Gene Knoblach, and guard Jerry Sieracki) received first-team honors on the All-IIAC team.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 45], "section_span": [45, 45], "content_span": [46, 536]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075764-0000-0000", "contents": "1958 Chadian constitutional referendum\nA referendum on the new constitution of France was held in Chad on 28 September 1958 as part of a wider referendum held across the French Union. The new constitution would see the country become part of the new French Community if accepted, or result in independence if rejected. It was approved by 98.29% of voters.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [38, 38], "content_span": [39, 355]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075765-0000-0000", "contents": "1958 Challenge Desgrange-Colombo\nThe 1958 Challenge Desgrange-Colombo was the eleventh and final edition of the Challenge Desgrange-Colombo. It included eleven races: all the races form the 1957 edition were retained and the Vuelta a Espa\u00f1a was included for the first time. Fred De Bruyne won the third of his three individual championships while Belgium retained the nations championship. The Challenge Desgrange-Colombo folded after the 1958 season and the Super Prestige Pernod replaced it as the season-long competition for road bicycle racing.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [32, 32], "content_span": [33, 548]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075766-0000-0000", "contents": "1958 Chandra\n1958 Chandra (prov. designation: 1970 SB) is a dark background asteroid from the outer region of the asteroid belt, approximately 35 kilometers (22 miles) in diameter. It was discovered on 24 September 1970, by Argentinian astronomer Carlos Cesco at the Yale\u2013Columbia Southern Station of the Leoncito Astronomical Complex in San Juan, Argentina (also see F\u00e9lix Aguilar Observatory). It was named after astrophysicist Subrahmanyan Chandrasekhar.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 12], "section_span": [12, 12], "content_span": [13, 457]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075766-0001-0000", "contents": "1958 Chandra, Orbit and classification\nChandra is a dark C-type asteroid that orbits the Sun in the outer main-belt at a distance of 2.6\u20133.6\u00a0AU once every 5 years and 6 months (1,997 days). Its orbit has an eccentricity of 0.17 and an inclination of 11\u00b0 with respect to the ecliptic. In April 1947, the asteroid was first identified as 1947 HD at Algiers Observatory. The body's observation arc begins 16 years prior to its official discovery observation with a precovery taken at Palomar Observatory in 1954.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 12], "section_span": [14, 38], "content_span": [39, 509]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075766-0002-0000", "contents": "1958 Chandra, Naming\nThis minor planet was named in honor of Subrahmanyan Chandrasekhar (1910\u20131995), the Nobel Prize winning Indian\u2013American theoretical astrophysicist (also see Chandrasekhar limit). The approved naming citation was published by the Minor Planet Center on 1 November 1979 (M.P.C. 5013).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 12], "section_span": [14, 20], "content_span": [21, 303]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075766-0003-0000", "contents": "1958 Chandra, Physical characteristics, Photometry\nIn December 2010, a rotational lightcurve was obtained for this asteroid from photometric observations at the U.S. Palomar Transient Factory, California. It gave a rotation period of 7.0571\u00b10.0029 hours with a brightness variation of 0.35 magnitude (U=2). A second lightcurve, obtained by Italian amateur astronomer Silvano Casulli in August 2014, gave a concurring period of 7.070\u00b10.004 hours with an amplitude of 0.38 in magnitude (U=3-).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 12], "section_span": [14, 50], "content_span": [51, 491]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075766-0004-0000", "contents": "1958 Chandra, Physical characteristics, Diameter and albedo\nAccording to the survey carried out by the NEOWISE mission of NASA's Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer, the asteroid measures 36.2 kilometers in diameter and its surface has an albedo of 0.07, while the Collaborative Asteroid Lightcurve Link derives an albedo of 0.05 and a diameter of 33.8 kilometers with an absolute magnitude of 11.2.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 12], "section_span": [14, 59], "content_span": [60, 399]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075767-0000-0000", "contents": "1958 Channel Airways de Havilland DH.104 Dove crash\nThe 1958 Channel Airways de Havilland DH.104 Dove crash occurred on 15 January 1958, when a de Havilland DH.104 Dove of Channel Airways crashed on approach to Ferryfield Airport, Lydd, Kent due to mismanagement of the aircraft's fuel system by the pilot. All seven people on board survived, but the aircraft was written off.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 51], "section_span": [51, 51], "content_span": [52, 376]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075767-0001-0000", "contents": "1958 Channel Airways de Havilland DH.104 Dove crash, Aircraft\nThe accident aircraft was a de Havilland DH.104 Dove 1, registered G-AOCE. The aircraft had been manufactured in August 1947 and was originally delivered to another airline, which sold it to Channel Airways in June 1955. At the time of the accident, it had reached a total of 8,680 flying hours in service. This aircraft had operated the first flight by Channel Airways from Rotterdam to Southend.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 51], "section_span": [53, 61], "content_span": [62, 459]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075767-0002-0000", "contents": "1958 Channel Airways de Havilland DH.104 Dove crash, Accident flight\nThe aircraft was operating an international scheduled passenger flight from the Netherlands to the United Kingdom. The flight was scheduled to depart from Rotterdam's Zestienhoven Airport  and land at Southend Airport in the county of Essex. The weather at Zestienhoven was foggy, and it was reported that the situation at Southend was the same. The flight was delayed departing from Zestienhoven. When it eventually departed, it was carrying two crew and five passengers. Due to fog at Southend, it was decided to divert to Lydd Ferryfield, an airport in the county of Kent.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 51], "section_span": [53, 68], "content_span": [69, 644]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075767-0003-0000", "contents": "1958 Channel Airways de Havilland DH.104 Dove crash, Accident flight\nTwo attempts were made to land at Ferryfield, but a go-around was performed each time on instructions from the airport operator. On the third approach, the starboard engine spluttered and stopped, followed shortly after by the port engine. The aircraft crashed on the shingle beach at Dungeness, 1,200 yards (1,100\u00a0m) north of Dungeness Lighthouse. The nose of the aircraft was severely damaged and the starboard wing had been ripped off. All on board escaped, although the pilot suffered moderate injuries. The passengers were taken to the Ferryfield, where they were given a meal and interviewed by the Kent police before being provided with transport home.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 51], "section_span": [53, 68], "content_span": [69, 728]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075767-0004-0000", "contents": "1958 Channel Airways de Havilland DH.104 Dove crash, Investigation\nThe accident was investigated by the Accidents Investigation Branch, which found that the port fuel tank had plenty of fuel, but the starboard tank was empty. The engines failed at a critical point of the approach to land, giving the pilot insufficient time to evaluate the situation. Mismanagement of the fuel system (leading to fuel starvation) was the cause of the accident.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 51], "section_span": [53, 66], "content_span": [67, 444]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075768-0000-0000", "contents": "1958 Chari-Baguirmi by-election\nA by-election was held in Chari-Baguirmi on 1 June 1958. The seven-member seat had been won by the Entente in the Territorial Assembly elections held on 31 March 1957, but the results were annulled, and the seat was subsequently won by the Chadian Socialist Union.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [31, 31], "content_span": [32, 296]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075768-0001-0000", "contents": "1958 Chari-Baguirmi by-election, Background\nThe 1957 Territorial Assembly elections had seen the Entente win 42% of the vote in Chari-Baguirmi, winning all seven seats. The African Socialist Movement finished second with 39.8% but did not win a seat.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 43], "content_span": [44, 250]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075769-0000-0000", "contents": "1958 Chatham Cup\nThe 1958 Chatham Cup was the 31st annual nationwide knockout football competition in New Zealand.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 16], "section_span": [16, 16], "content_span": [17, 114]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075769-0001-0000", "contents": "1958 Chatham Cup\nThe competition was run on a regional basis, with regional associations each holding separate qualifying rounds.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 16], "section_span": [16, 16], "content_span": [17, 129]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075769-0002-0000", "contents": "1958 Chatham Cup\nTeams taking part in the final rounds are known to have included Eastern Suburbs (Auckland), Rangers (Bay of Plenty), Hamilton Wanderers (Waikato), Eastern Union (Gisborne), Stratford AFC (Taranaki), Colenso Athletic (Hawkes Bay), Wanganui Athletic, Kiwi United (Wanganui-Manawatu), Lansdowne United (Wairarapa), Seatoun (Wellington), Christchurch City (Canterbury), Oamaru (North Otago) and Northern (Dunedin).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 16], "section_span": [16, 16], "content_span": [17, 428]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075769-0003-0000", "contents": "1958 Chatham Cup, The 1958 final\nIn the final, Seatoun set a finals record by scoring seven goals, six of them from centre-forward John Donovan. Both of these feats are still cup records, though Seatoun's seven goal haul was equalled by Christchurch United in 1989. The aggregate of eight goals in the final equalled the record first set in 1940.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 16], "section_span": [18, 32], "content_span": [33, 346]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075769-0004-0000", "contents": "1958 Chatham Cup, The 1958 final\nDonovan was supplied with a good series of crosses from his wings. The Wellington side battled into the wind during the first half, which remained scoreless for over half an hour before a late flurry of goals. Donovan opened his account after 37 minutes, and the score remained at 1-0 until three minutes before the break. Donovan and Raymond Wright then scored in quick succession, only to have Ken Giblett pull the score back to 3\u20131 with the last kick of the half. The second half was a one-man show, with Donovan taking the score from 3-1 to 7\u20131, three of the goals coming from headers. His remarkable record of a final double-hat-trick still stands as of 2009.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 16], "section_span": [18, 32], "content_span": [33, 697]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075769-0005-0000", "contents": "1958 Chatham Cup, The 1958 final\nThe final was notable in another way, as it was the first time that substitutes had been used in a Chatham Cup final. Neil Kerr (Seatoun) and Ken Giblett (City) were the first two substitutes to make finals appearances.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 16], "section_span": [18, 32], "content_span": [33, 252]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075770-0000-0000", "contents": "1958 Chattanooga Moccasins football team\nThe 1958 Chattanooga Moccasins football team was an American football team that represented the University of Chattanooga (now known as the University of Tennessee at Chattanooga) during the 1958 NCAA College Division football season. In their 28th year under head coach Scrappy Moore, the team compiled a 5\u20135 record.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [40, 40], "content_span": [41, 358]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075771-0000-0000", "contents": "1958 Chicago Bears season\nThe 1958 season was the Chicago Bears' 39th in the National Football League. The team improved on their 8\u20134 record from 1958 and finished with an 8\u20134 record under George Halas; the owner took over again as head coach in February for the reassigned Paddy Driscoll. Halas's team improved to a respectable second place tie.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [25, 25], "content_span": [26, 346]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075771-0001-0000", "contents": "1958 Chicago Bears season, Game summaries, Standings\nNote: Tie games were not officially counted in the standings until 1972.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [27, 52], "content_span": [53, 125]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075772-0000-0000", "contents": "1958 Chicago Cardinals season\nThe 1958 Chicago Cardinals season was the team's 39th season the team was in the National Football League. The Cardinals failed to improve on their previous year's 3\u20139 record, winning only two games during the franchise's penultimate season in the Windy City. They failed to qualify for the playoffs (NFL title game) for the tenth consecutive season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [29, 29], "content_span": [30, 380]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075772-0001-0000", "contents": "1958 Chicago Cardinals season, Schedule\n^ The September 28 game was played in Buffalo, New York because the Chicago White Sox were playing a home game at Comiskey Park on that day.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 39], "content_span": [40, 180]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075772-0002-0000", "contents": "1958 Chicago Cardinals season, Schedule, Standings\nNote: Tie games were not officially counted in the standings until 1972.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 50], "content_span": [51, 123]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075773-0000-0000", "contents": "1958 Chicago Cubs season\nThe 1958 Chicago Cubs season was the 87th season of the Chicago Cubs franchise, the 83rd in the National League and the 43rd at Wrigley Field. The Cubs finished fifth in the National League with a record of 72\u201382.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [24, 24], "content_span": [25, 238]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075773-0001-0000", "contents": "1958 Chicago Cubs season, Player stats, Batting, Starters by position\nNote: Pos = Position; G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 69], "content_span": [70, 194]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075773-0002-0000", "contents": "1958 Chicago Cubs season, Player stats, Batting, Other batters\nNote: G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 62], "content_span": [63, 171]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075773-0003-0000", "contents": "1958 Chicago Cubs season, Player stats, Pitching, Starting pitchers\nNote: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 67], "content_span": [68, 178]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075773-0004-0000", "contents": "1958 Chicago Cubs season, Player stats, Pitching, Other pitchers\nNote: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 64], "content_span": [65, 175]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075773-0005-0000", "contents": "1958 Chicago Cubs season, Player stats, Pitching, Relief pitchers\nNote: G = Games pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; SV = Saves; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 65], "content_span": [66, 166]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075774-0000-0000", "contents": "1958 Chicago White Sox season\nThe 1958 Chicago White Sox season was the team's 58th season in the major leagues, and its 59th season overall. They finished with a record 82\u201372, good enough for second place in the American League, 10 games behind the first-place New York Yankees.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [29, 29], "content_span": [30, 279]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075774-0001-0000", "contents": "1958 Chicago White Sox season, Player stats, Batting\nNote: G = Games played; AB = At Bats; R = Runs scored; H = Hits; 2B = Doubles; 3B = Triples; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in; BB = Base on balls; SO = Strikeouts; AVG = Batting average; SB = Stolen bases", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 52], "content_span": [53, 261]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075774-0002-0000", "contents": "1958 Chicago White Sox season, Player stats, Pitching\nNote: W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; G = Games pitched; GS = Games started; SV = Saves; IP = Innings pitched; H = Hits allowed; R = Runs allowed; ER = Earned runs allowed; HR = Home runs allowed; BB = Walks allowed; K = Strikeouts", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 53], "content_span": [54, 301]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075775-0000-0000", "contents": "1958 Chichester by-election\nThe Chichester by-election was held on 6 November 1958 when the incumbent Conservative MP Lancelot Joynson-Hicks succeeded to a peerage. It was won by the Conservative candidate, Walter Loveys.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [27, 27], "content_span": [28, 221]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075776-0000-0000", "contents": "1958 Chico State Wildcats football team\nThe 1958 Chico State Wildcats football team represented Chico State College during the 1958 NCAA College Division football season. Chico State competed in the Far Western Conference in 1958. They played home games at College Field in Chico, California.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [39, 39], "content_span": [40, 292]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075776-0001-0000", "contents": "1958 Chico State Wildcats football team\nThe 1958 Wildcats were led by first-year head coach George Maderos. Chico State finished the season with a record of five wins and five losses (5\u20135, 2\u20133 FWC). The Wildcats were outscored by their opponents 162\u2013192 for the season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [39, 39], "content_span": [40, 269]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075776-0002-0000", "contents": "1958 Chico State Wildcats football team, Team players in the NFL\nNo Chico State players were selected in the 1959 NFL Draft.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 64], "content_span": [65, 124]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075777-0000-0000", "contents": "1958 Chilean presidential election\nPresidential elections were held in Chile on 4 September 1958. The result was a victory for Jorge Alessandri, who ran as an independent.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [34, 34], "content_span": [35, 171]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075777-0001-0000", "contents": "1958 Chilean presidential election, Electoral system\nThe election was held using the absolute majority system, under which a candidate had to receive over 50% of the popular vote to be elected. If no candidate received over 50% of the vote, both houses of the National Congress would come together to vote on the two candidates that received the most votes.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [36, 52], "content_span": [53, 357]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075778-0000-0000", "contents": "1958 Christchurch mayoral by-election\nThe 1958 Christchurch mayoral election was held to elect a successor to Robert Macfarlane who resigned as Mayor of Christchurch upon his selection as Speaker of the New Zealand House of Representatives. The polling was conducted using the standard first-past-the-post electoral method.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [37, 37], "content_span": [38, 323]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075778-0001-0000", "contents": "1958 Christchurch mayoral by-election, Background\nLabour councillor George Manning was elected to replace McFarlane, opposed only by councillor William \"Bill\" Glue of the Citizens' Association.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [39, 49], "content_span": [50, 193]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075778-0002-0000", "contents": "1958 Christchurch mayoral by-election, Background\nA by-election for the City Council was also held upon the resignations of both Manning and Glue in order to contest the mayoralty. Councillors Mabel Howard and John Mathison also resigned their seats following their election as cabinet ministers at the formation of the Second Labour government at the November 1957 general election.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [39, 49], "content_span": [50, 383]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075778-0003-0000", "contents": "1958 Christchurch mayoral by-election, Background\nMcFarlane was elected for a seat on the council, with the remaining three seats being won by the Citizens' Association. Glue was re-elected to the council with William Smith MacGibbon and Peter Skellerup the other successful candidates.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [39, 49], "content_span": [50, 286]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075778-0004-0000", "contents": "1958 Christchurch mayoral by-election, Mayoralty results\nManning polled highest at 84 polling stations with Glue finishing first in remaining 25.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [39, 56], "content_span": [57, 145]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075779-0000-0000", "contents": "1958 Cincinnati Bearcats football team\nThe 1958 Cincinnati Bearcats football team represented the University of Cincinnati in the Missouri Valley Conference during the 1958 NCAA University Division football season under head coach George Blackburn.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [38, 38], "content_span": [39, 248]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075780-0000-0000", "contents": "1958 Cincinnati Redlegs season\nThe 1958 Cincinnati Redlegs season consisted of the Redlegs finishing in fourth place in the National League (NL) standings with a record of 76\u201378, 16 games behind the Milwaukee Braves. The Redlegs played their home games at Crosley Field, and drew 788,582 fans, eighth and last in the NL. The season started with Birdie Tebbetts managing the club, but after the Redlegs went 52\u201361, Tebbetts was replaced in August by Jimmy Dykes, who went 24\u201317 the rest of the way.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [30, 30], "content_span": [31, 497]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075780-0001-0000", "contents": "1958 Cincinnati Redlegs season, Player stats, Batting, Starters by position\nNote: Pos = Position; G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 75], "content_span": [76, 200]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075780-0002-0000", "contents": "1958 Cincinnati Redlegs season, Player stats, Batting, Other batters\nNote: G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 68], "content_span": [69, 177]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075780-0003-0000", "contents": "1958 Cincinnati Redlegs season, Player stats, Pitching, Starting pitchers\nNote: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 73], "content_span": [74, 184]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075780-0004-0000", "contents": "1958 Cincinnati Redlegs season, Player stats, Pitching, Other pitchers\nNote: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 70], "content_span": [71, 181]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075780-0005-0000", "contents": "1958 Cincinnati Redlegs season, Player stats, Pitching, Relief pitchers\nNote: G = Games pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; SV = Saves; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 71], "content_span": [72, 172]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075781-0000-0000", "contents": "1958 Claxton Shield\nThe 1958 Claxton Shield was the 19th annual Claxton Shield, and was held in Brisbane. The participants were South Australia, New South Wales, Victoria, Western Australia and Queensland. The series was won by Victoria claiming their sixth Shield title.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [19, 19], "content_span": [20, 271]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075782-0000-0000", "contents": "1958 Clemson Tigers baseball team\nThe 1958 Clemson Tigers baseball team represented Clemson University in the 1958 NCAA University Division baseball season. The team played their home games at Riggs Field in Clemson, South Carolina.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [33, 33], "content_span": [34, 232]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075782-0001-0000", "contents": "1958 Clemson Tigers baseball team\nThe team was coached by Bill Wilhelm, who completed his first season at Clemson. The Tigers reached the 1958 College World Series, their first appearance in Omaha.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [33, 33], "content_span": [34, 197]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075783-0000-0000", "contents": "1958 Clemson Tigers football team\nThe 1958 Clemson Tigers football team was an American football team that represented Clemson College in the Atlantic Coast Conference (ACC) during the 1958 NCAA University Division football season. In its 19th season under head coach Frank Howard, the team compiled an 8\u20133 record (5\u20131 against conference opponents), won the ACC championship, was ranked No. 12 in the final AP Poll (No. 13 Coaches Poll), and outscored opponents by a total of 169 to 138. The team played its home games at Memorial Stadium in Clemson, South Carolina.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [33, 33], "content_span": [34, 566]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075783-0001-0000", "contents": "1958 Clemson Tigers football team\nCoach Frank Howard's 100th win came September 27 against North Carolina. Clemson also played its first game against a No. 1 ranked team when it played LSU in the 1959 Sugar Bowl.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [33, 33], "content_span": [34, 212]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075783-0002-0000", "contents": "1958 Clemson Tigers football team\nCenter Bill Thomas was the team captain. The team's statistical leaders included quarterback Harvey White with 492 passing yards and 30 points scored (five touchdowns) and fullback Doug Cline with 450 rushing yards.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [33, 33], "content_span": [34, 249]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075783-0003-0000", "contents": "1958 Clemson Tigers football team\nThree Clemson players were selected as first-team players on the 1958 All-Atlantic Coast Conference football team: Bill Thomas; end Ray Masneri; and tackle Jim Padgett.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [33, 33], "content_span": [34, 202]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075784-0000-0000", "contents": "1958 Cleveland Browns season\nThe 1958 Cleveland Browns season was the team's ninth season with the National Football League. They were 9\u20133 in the regular season, tied for first in the Eastern Conference with the New York Giants, who won the tiebreaker playoff.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [28, 28], "content_span": [29, 260]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075784-0001-0000", "contents": "1958 Cleveland Browns season, Regular season, Season summary\nFor the second straight year, one of their rivals had gotten revenge for something that had happened earlier in the decade.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 60], "content_span": [61, 184]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075784-0002-0000", "contents": "1958 Cleveland Browns season, Regular season, Season summary\nAfter the Detroit Lions whipped the Browns 59\u201314 in the 1957 NFL Championship Game to atone for the 56\u201310 pounding they had absorbed from Cleveland in the title contest three years earlier, the 1958 New York Giants took their turn. The Giants shut out the Browns 10\u20130 in a tiebreaker playoff game at Yankee Stadium to determine the Eastern Conference champion. The last time the two teams met in such a special playoff contest was 1950, when Cleveland edged New York 8\u20133 to win the title in the American Conference, the forerunner of the Eastern Conference, and advance to the league championship game.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 60], "content_span": [61, 663]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075784-0003-0000", "contents": "1958 Cleveland Browns season, Regular season, Season summary\nAs was the case in 1950, the 1958 Giants also beat Cleveland twice during the regular season, 21\u201317 and 13\u201310, and the teams tied for first with a 9\u20133 record. The Browns went into the latter game at 9\u20132, needing a tie (or a win) to clinch the conference crown, and led 7\u20130 early in the first quarter and 10\u20133 in the fourth quarter. Future broadcaster Pat Summerall kicked a 49-yard field goal in a snowstorm to provide the win, even though he made barely 50 percent (12-of-23) of his attempts during the regular season. Seven days later in the tiebreaker playoff, Summerall added a 26-yard field goal in a game highlighted by the fact the Giants held hall of fame running back Jim Brown to a career-low eight yards rushing on seven carries, and limited the Browns to just 86 yards of total offense.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 60], "content_span": [61, 859]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075784-0004-0000", "contents": "1958 Cleveland Browns season, Regular season, Season summary\nIn the following week's NFL Championship Game at Yankee Stadium, later dubbed \"The Greatest Game Ever Played,\" the Giants lost 23\u201317 in overtime to the Baltimore Colts.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 60], "content_span": [61, 229]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075784-0005-0000", "contents": "1958 Cleveland Browns season, Regular season, Season summary\nAside from the three losses to the Giants, the only team to beat the Browns in 1958 were the Detroit Lions, who gained a 30\u201310 decision midway through the year.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 60], "content_span": [61, 221]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075784-0006-0000", "contents": "1958 Cleveland Browns season, Regular season, Standings\nNote: Tie games were not officially counted in the standings until 1972.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 55], "content_span": [56, 128]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075785-0000-0000", "contents": "1958 Cleveland Indians season, Player stats, Batting, Starters by position\nNote: Pos = Position; G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 74], "content_span": [75, 199]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075785-0001-0000", "contents": "1958 Cleveland Indians season, Player stats, Batting, Other batters\nNote: G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 67], "content_span": [68, 176]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075785-0002-0000", "contents": "1958 Cleveland Indians season, Player stats, Pitching, Starting pitchers\nNote: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 72], "content_span": [73, 183]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075785-0003-0000", "contents": "1958 Cleveland Indians season, Player stats, Pitching, Other pitchers\nNote: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 69], "content_span": [70, 180]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075785-0004-0000", "contents": "1958 Cleveland Indians season, Player stats, Pitching, Relief pitchers\nNote: G = Games pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; SV = Saves; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 70], "content_span": [71, 171]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075786-0000-0000", "contents": "1958 Colgate Red Raiders football team\nThe 1958 Colgate Red Raiders football team was an American football team that represented Colgate University as an independent during the 1958 NCAA University Division football season. In its second season under head coach Fred Rice, the team compiled a 1\u20138 record. Robert Conklin was the team captain.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [38, 38], "content_span": [39, 341]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075786-0001-0000", "contents": "1958 Colgate Red Raiders football team\nThe team played its home games at Colgate Athletic Field in Hamilton, New York.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [38, 38], "content_span": [39, 118]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075787-0000-0000", "contents": "1958 College Baseball All-America Team\nAn All-American team is an honorary sports team composed of the best amateur players of a specific season for each team position\u2014who in turn are given the honorific \"All-America\" and typically referred to as \"All-American athletes\", or simply \"All-Americans\". Although the honorees generally do not compete together as a unit, the term is used in U.S. team sports to refer to players who are selected by members of the national media. Walter Camp selected the first All-America team in the early days of American football in 1889.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [38, 38], "content_span": [39, 569]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075787-0001-0000", "contents": "1958 College Baseball All-America Team\nFrom 1947 to 1980, the American Baseball Coaches Association was the only All-American selector recognized by the NCAA.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [38, 38], "content_span": [39, 158]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075788-0000-0000", "contents": "1958 College Football All-America Team\nThe 1958 College Football All-America team is composed of college football players who were selected as All-Americans by various organizations and writers that chose College Football All-America Teams in 1958. The six selectors recognized by the NCAA as \"official\" for the 1958 season are (1) the American Football Coaches Association (AFCA), (2) the Associated Press (AP), (3) the Football Writers Association of America (FWAA), (4) the Newspaper Enterprise Association (NEA), (5) the Sporting News, and (6) the United Press International (UPI).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [38, 38], "content_span": [39, 585]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075788-0001-0000", "contents": "1958 College Football All-America Team\nThree players were unanimously chosen as first-team All-Americans by all six official selectors. They were: (1) quarterback Randy Duncan who won the 1958 Walter Camp Player of the Year Award and led the 1958 Iowa Hawkeyes to the 1958 FWAA national championship; (2) halfback Billy Cannon who led the 1958 LSU Tigers to the 1958 AP national championship and won the Heisman Trophy in 1959; and (3) Army halfback Pete Dawkins who won the 1958 Heisman Trophy and later became a Rhodes scholar, a brigadier general, co-chairman of Bain & Company, and CEO of Primerica. All three have been inducted into the College Football Hall of Fame.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [38, 38], "content_span": [39, 672]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075788-0002-0000", "contents": "1958 College Football All-America Team, Consensus All-Americans\nFor the year 1958, the NCAA recognizes six published All-American teams as \"official\" designations for purposes of its consensus determinations. The following chart identifies the NCAA-recognized consensus All-Americans and displays which first-team designations they received.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 63], "content_span": [64, 341]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075789-0000-0000", "contents": "1958 Colombian parliamentary election\nParliamentary elections were held in Colombia on 16 March 1958 to elect the Senate and Chamber of Representatives. They were the first elections held under the National Front agreement, which only allowed the Conservative Party and the Liberal Party to contest the elections, and allocated 50% of the seats in both houses to each party. As a result, the main contest at the elections was between factions within each party.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [37, 37], "content_span": [38, 461]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075790-0000-0000", "contents": "1958 Colombian presidential election\nPresidential elections were held in Colombia on 4 May 1958. They were the first presidential elections since 1949, following a military coup against President Laureano G\u00f3mez in 1953. Following the coup, the two main parties (the Conservative Party and the Liberal Party) came to an agreement on holding office for alternating periods of four years. The agreement, known as the National Front, was approved in a 1957 referendum.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [36, 36], "content_span": [37, 464]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075790-0001-0000", "contents": "1958 Colombian presidential election\nThe election resulted in a victory for Alberto Lleras Camargo of the Liberal Party (and also supported by the Colombian Communist Party), who received 80% of the vote. Although the Conservatives had agreed to let the Liberal Party hold power during the 1958\u20131962 period, dissidents in the Conservative Party put forward Jorge Leyva as a candidate.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [36, 36], "content_span": [37, 384]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075791-0000-0000", "contents": "1958 Colorado Buffaloes football team\nThe 1958 Colorado Buffaloes football team was an American football team that represented the University of Colorado during the 1958 NCAA University Division football season. Head coach Dallas Ward led the team to a 4\u20132 mark in the \"Big 7\" and 6\u20134 overall.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [37, 37], "content_span": [38, 293]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075792-0000-0000", "contents": "1958 Colorado State College Bears baseball team\nThe 1958 Colorado State College Bears baseball team represented Colorado State College in the 1958 NCAA University Division baseball season. The Bears played their home games at Jackson Field. The team was coached by Pete Butler in his 16th year at Colorado State.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 47], "section_span": [47, 47], "content_span": [48, 312]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075792-0001-0000", "contents": "1958 Colorado State College Bears baseball team\nThe Bears lost the District VII playoff, but when BYU opted not to play in the College World Series due to their school's rule to rest on Sundays, the Bears to advanced to the College World Series, where they were defeated by the Southern California Trojans.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 47], "section_span": [47, 47], "content_span": [48, 306]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075793-0000-0000", "contents": "1958 Colorado State Rams football team\nThe 1958 Colorado State Rams football team represented Colorado State University in the Skyline Conference during the 1958 NCAA University Division football season. In their third season under head coach Don Mullison, the Rams compiled a 6\u20134 record (4\u20133 against Skyline opponents), finished fourth in the Skyline Conference, and outscored opponents by a total of 178 to 110.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [38, 38], "content_span": [39, 413]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075793-0001-0000", "contents": "1958 Colorado State Rams football team\nThe team's statistical leaders included Freddy Glick with 380 passing yards, Wayne Schneider with 580 rushing yards, and Bill Hanks with 140 receiving yards.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [38, 38], "content_span": [39, 196]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075794-0000-0000", "contents": "1958 Colorado gubernatorial election\nThe 1958 Colorado gubernatorial election was held on November 4, 1958. Incumbent Democrat Stephen McNichols defeated Republican nominee Palmer Burch with 58.41% of the vote.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [36, 36], "content_span": [37, 210]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075794-0001-0000", "contents": "1958 Colorado gubernatorial election\nIn 1956, Colorado voters had approved Ballot Measure 1, extending the terms for state executive officers from two years to four years. Thus, McNichols became the first governor in the state history elected to a four-year term.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [36, 36], "content_span": [37, 263]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075795-0000-0000", "contents": "1958 Columbia Lions football team\nThe 1958 Columbia Lions football team was an American football team that represented Columbia University as a member of the Ivy League during the 1958 NCAA University Division football season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [33, 33], "content_span": [34, 226]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075795-0001-0000", "contents": "1958 Columbia Lions football team\nIn their second season under head coach Aldo \"Buff\" Donelli, the Lions compiled a 1\u20138 record and were outscored 291 to 35. Coy Gobble was the team captain.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [33, 33], "content_span": [34, 189]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075795-0002-0000", "contents": "1958 Columbia Lions football team\nThe Lions' 1\u20136 conference record placed seventh in the Ivy League. Columbia was outscored 196 to 21 by Ivy opponents.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [33, 33], "content_span": [34, 151]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075795-0003-0000", "contents": "1958 Columbia Lions football team\nColumbia played its home games at Baker Field in Upper Manhattan, in New York City.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [33, 33], "content_span": [34, 117]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075796-0000-0000", "contents": "1958 Comorian constitutional referendum\nA referendum on the new constitution of France was held in the Comoros on 28 September 1958 as part of a wider referendum held across the French Union. The new constitution would see the country become part of the new French Community if accepted, or result in independence if rejected. It was approved by 97.33% of voters.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [39, 39], "content_span": [40, 363]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075797-0000-0000", "contents": "1958 Connecticut Huskies football team\nThe 1958 Connecticut Huskies football team represented the University of Connecticut in the 1958 NCAA College Division football season. The Huskies were led by seventh-year head coach Bob Ingalls, and completed the season with a record of 7\u20133.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [38, 38], "content_span": [39, 282]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075798-0000-0000", "contents": "1958 Connecticut gubernatorial election\nThe 1958 Connecticut gubernatorial election was held on November 4, 1958. Incumbent Democrat Abraham Ribicoff defeated Republican nominee Fred R. Zeller with 62.29% of the vote.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [39, 39], "content_span": [40, 217]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075799-0000-0000", "contents": "1958 Cook Islands general election\nGeneral elections were held in the Cook Islands on 13 October 1958, the first under universal suffrage.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [34, 34], "content_span": [35, 138]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075799-0001-0000", "contents": "1958 Cook Islands general election, Background\nFollowing the recommendations of the 1955 Belshaw-Stace Report, the 23-member Legislative Council was replaced by a 27-member Legislative Assembly.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [36, 46], "content_span": [47, 194]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075799-0002-0000", "contents": "1958 Cook Islands general election, Background\nOf the 27 members, 15 were directly elected; 14 from ten general constituencies and one from a European voter constituency. Seven members were indirectly elected by Island Councils (four from Rarotonga and one from Aitutaki, Atiu and Mangaia). The remaining five members were officials, including the Resident Commissioner as President of the Assembly, the Administration Secretary, the Treasurer and two members appointed by the Resident Commissioner.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [36, 46], "content_span": [47, 499]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075799-0003-0000", "contents": "1958 Cook Islands general election, Campaign\nA total of 65 candidates contested the directly elected seats, including former Legislative Council member Willie Watson, who ran under the name Viri Vokotini in one of the general constituencies.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [36, 44], "content_span": [45, 241]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075799-0004-0000", "contents": "1958 Cook Islands general election, Campaign\nFrank Bateson and former Chief Judge Alfred McCarthy contested the European seat.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [36, 44], "content_span": [45, 126]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075800-0000-0000", "contents": "1958 Copa Chile\nThe Copa Chile 1958 was the 1st edition of the Chilean Cup tournament. The competition started on November 5, 1958 and concluded on December 20, 1958. Colo-Colo won the competition by goal average over the entire tournament, after drawing with Universidad Cat\u00f3lica on the final.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 15], "section_span": [15, 15], "content_span": [16, 294]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075800-0001-0000", "contents": "1958 Copa Chile\nMatches were scheduled to be played at the stadium of the team named first on the date specified for each round.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 15], "section_span": [15, 15], "content_span": [16, 128]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075800-0002-0000", "contents": "1958 Copa Chile, Final\nColo-Colo won by average goal over the tournament; GF:27, GA:9, 3.0 goal average; U. Cat\u00f3lica GF:21, GA:8, 2.63 goal average", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 15], "section_span": [17, 22], "content_span": [23, 147]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075801-0000-0000", "contents": "1958 Copa del General\u00edsimo\nThe 1958 Copa del General\u00edsimo was the 56th staging of the Spanish Cup. The competition began on 18 May 1958 and concluded on 29 June 1958 with the final.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [26, 26], "content_span": [27, 181]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075802-0000-0000", "contents": "1958 Copa del General\u00edsimo Final\nThe Copa del General\u00edsimo 1958 Final was the 56th final of the King's Cup. The final was played at Estadio Chamart\u00edn in Madrid, on 29 June 1958, being won by Atl\u00e9tico de Bilbao, who beat Real Madrid 2-0.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [32, 32], "content_span": [33, 236]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075803-0000-0000", "contents": "1958 Copa del General\u00edsimo Juvenil\nThe 1958 Copa del General\u00edsimo Juvenil was the eighth staging of the tournament. The competition began on May 18, 1958, and ended on June 29, 1958, with the final.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [34, 34], "content_span": [35, 198]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075804-0000-0000", "contents": "1958 Coppa Italia\nThe 1958 Coppa Italia was the 11th Coppa Italia, the major Italian domestic cup. The competition was won by Lazio.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [17, 17], "content_span": [18, 132]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075805-0000-0000", "contents": "1958 Coppa Italia Final\nThe 1958 Coppa Italia Final was the final of the 1958 Coppa Italia. The match was played on 24 September 1958 between Lazio and Fiorentina. Lazio won 1\u20130; it was their first victory.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [23, 23], "content_span": [24, 206]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075806-0000-0000", "contents": "1958 Cork Intermediate Hurling Championship\nThe 1958 Cork Intermediate Hurling Championship was the 49th staging of the Cork Intermediate Hurling Championship since its establishment by the Cork County Board in 1909.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 43], "section_span": [43, 43], "content_span": [44, 216]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075806-0001-0000", "contents": "1958 Cork Intermediate Hurling Championship\nGlen Rovers won the championship following a 5-09 to 3-06 defeat of Carrigaline in the final. This was their fifth championship title overall and their third title in succession.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 43], "section_span": [43, 43], "content_span": [44, 222]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075807-0000-0000", "contents": "1958 Cork Senior Football Championship\nThe 1958 Cork Senior Football Championship was the 70th staging of the Cork Senior Football Championship since its establishment by the Cork County Board in 1887.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [38, 38], "content_span": [39, 201]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075807-0001-0000", "contents": "1958 Cork Senior Football Championship\nOn 28 September 1958, Macroom won the championship following a 1-07 to 0-09 defeat of Avondhu in the final. This was their 9th championship title overall and their first title since 1935.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [38, 38], "content_span": [39, 226]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075808-0000-0000", "contents": "1958 Cork Senior Hurling Championship\nThe 1958 Cork Senior Hurling Championship was the 70th staging of the Cork Senior Hurling Championship since its establishment by the Cork County Board in 1887. The draw for the opening round fixtures took place at the Cork Convention on 26 January 1958. The championship began on 23 March 1958 and ended on 21 September 1958.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [37, 37], "content_span": [38, 364]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075808-0001-0000", "contents": "1958 Cork Senior Hurling Championship\nSarsfields were the defending champions, however, they were defeated by Glen Rovers in the semi-final.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [37, 37], "content_span": [38, 140]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075808-0002-0000", "contents": "1958 Cork Senior Hurling Championship\nOn 21 September 1958, Glen Rovers won the championship following a 4-6 to 3-5 defeat of St. Finbarr's in the final. This was their 16th championship title overall and their first title in four championship seasons.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [37, 37], "content_span": [38, 252]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075809-0000-0000", "contents": "1958 Cornell Big Red football team\nThe 1958 Cornell Big Red football team was an American football team that represented Cornell University as a member of the Ivy League during the 1958 NCAA University Division football season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [34, 34], "content_span": [35, 227]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075809-0001-0000", "contents": "1958 Cornell Big Red football team\nIn its 12th season under head coach George K. James, the team compiled a 6\u20133 record and outscored opponents 147 to 135. Bob Hazzard was the team captain.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [34, 34], "content_span": [35, 188]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075809-0002-0000", "contents": "1958 Cornell Big Red football team\nCornell's 5\u20132 conference record tied for second place in the Ivy League. The Big Red outscored Ivy opponents 134 to 80.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [34, 34], "content_span": [35, 154]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075809-0003-0000", "contents": "1958 Cornell Big Red football team\nCornell played its home games at Schoellkopf Field in Ithaca, New York.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [34, 34], "content_span": [35, 106]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075810-0000-0000", "contents": "1958 Costa Rican general election\nGeneral elections were held in Costa Rica on 2 February 1958. Mario Echandi Jim\u00e9nez of the National Union Party won the presidential election, whilst the National Liberation Party won the parliamentary election. Voter turnout was 64.7%.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [33, 33], "content_span": [34, 270]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075810-0001-0000", "contents": "1958 Costa Rican general election\nEchandi had become leader of the Opposition as he was elected congressman in 1953. During the tense invasion of 1955 when former president Rafael Angel Calderon's supporters and their international allies tried to invade Costa Rica's territory and were successfully repelled by Jos\u00e9 Figueres\u2019 government, Echandi was accused of been Calderonista and been offered an office as minister from Calder\u00f3n. Echandi denied it but was put under investigation by the Legislative Assembly. The opposition, encompassed by both Echandi's party National Union and Calder\u00f3n's Independent Republican left the Assembly in protest.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [33, 33], "content_span": [34, 647]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075810-0001-0001", "contents": "1958 Costa Rican general election\nStill Echandi was acquitted and the old loyalties before the war were starting to switch. Echandi as candidate from National Union promised to allow Calder\u00f3n and family (then exiled in Mexico) to return to Costa Rica and give a general amnesty for all of Calder\u00f3n's supporters. This gained him the support of the Calderonism, still a powerful political base.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [33, 33], "content_span": [34, 392]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075810-0002-0000", "contents": "1958 Costa Rican general election\nBut, whilst PLN's opposition was closing lines, PLN was splitting. After a primary election that was won by Francisco Jos\u00e9 Orlich (one of PLN's founders and one of the leaders of the 1948 Revolution) his opponent Jorge Rossi left the party and founded a new one called Independent Party. As expected, Rossi's departure and his new party caused a spoiler effect dividing the Social Democratic vote and Echandi won the election with the support of Calderonists.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [33, 33], "content_span": [34, 493]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075810-0003-0000", "contents": "1958 Costa Rican general election\nEchandi did fulfill his promise and allowed Calder\u00f3n and family to return and passed a general amnesty for all factions.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [33, 33], "content_span": [34, 154]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075811-0000-0000", "contents": "1958 Cotton Bowl Classic\nThe 1958 Cotton Bowl Classic was the 22nd edition of the college football bowl game, played at the Cotton Bowl in Dallas, Texas, on Wednesday, January\u00a01. Part of the 1957\u201358 bowl game season, it matched the independent and fifth-ranked Navy Midshipmen and the #8 Rice Owls of the Southwest Conference (SWC). Slightly favored, Navy won 20\u20137.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [24, 24], "content_span": [25, 365]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075811-0001-0000", "contents": "1958 Cotton Bowl Classic, Teams\nThis was the only bowl game of the season that matched two top 10 teams in the final AP Poll, which was released in early December. This was the first Cotton Bowl Classic televised by CBS.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 31], "content_span": [32, 220]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075811-0002-0000", "contents": "1958 Cotton Bowl Classic, Teams, Navy\nThe fifth-ranked Midshipmen (8\u20131\u20131) were favored by a\u00a0point. They lost early in the season at North Carolina and tied #16 Duke in November. Notable late season wins were at #5 Notre Dame (20\u20136) and a shutout of #10 Army (14\u20130). It was Navy's third appearance in a major bowl and first Cotton Bowl.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 37], "content_span": [38, 335]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075811-0003-0000", "contents": "1958 Cotton Bowl Classic, Teams, Rice\nThe eighth-ranked Owls (7\u20133) had been to three previous Cotton Bowls, two within the decade, and finished first in the Southwest Conference for the fourth time in eleven years.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 37], "content_span": [38, 214]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075811-0004-0000", "contents": "1958 Cotton Bowl Classic, Game summary\nRice never recovered after Navy led 13\u20130 at halftime on touchdown runs by Joe Tranchini and Harry Hurst. Team captain Ned Oldham added another early in the third quarter to give Navy a commanding 20\u20130 lead. Ken Williams\u2014stepfather of pro wrestler Steve Austin\u2014caught a touchdown pass from Frank Ryan to narrow the lead to 13, but Rice never seriously threatened from that point on. Navy outgained Rice on ground by 222 yards to 137 as the Owls committed six turnovers. Forrestal and Ryan both had 13 completions, which set a Cotton Bowl record.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 38], "content_span": [39, 583]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075811-0005-0000", "contents": "1958 Cotton Bowl Classic, Aftermath\nRice did not win another conference championship until 1994; their next bowl win was in December 2008, and they have yet to return to the Cotton\u00a0Bowl.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 35], "content_span": [36, 186]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075811-0006-0000", "contents": "1958 Cotton Bowl Classic, Aftermath\nNavy\u00a0reached the Cotton Bowl six years later (with Roger Staubach at quarterback), but lost to top-ranked Texas, and have not\u00a0returned.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 35], "content_span": [36, 171]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075812-0000-0000", "contents": "1958 County Championship\nThe 1958 County Championship was the 59th officially organised running of the County Championship. Surrey won the Championship title for the seventh successive year.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [24, 24], "content_span": [25, 190]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075813-0000-0000", "contents": "1958 Coupe de France Final\nThe 1958 Coupe de France Final was a football match held at Stade Olympique Yves-du-Manoir, Colombes on 18 May 1958, that saw Stade de Reims defeat N\u00eemes Olympique 3\u20131 thanks to goals by Ren\u00e9 Bliard (2) and Just Fontaine.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [26, 26], "content_span": [27, 248]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075814-0000-0000", "contents": "1958 Crit\u00e9rium du Dauphin\u00e9 Lib\u00e9r\u00e9\nThe 1958 Crit\u00e9rium du Dauphin\u00e9 Lib\u00e9r\u00e9 was the 12th edition of the Crit\u00e9rium du Dauphin\u00e9 Lib\u00e9r\u00e9 cycle race and was held from 2 June to 8 June 1958. The race started and finished in Grenoble. The race was won by Louis Rostollan.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [33, 33], "content_span": [34, 260]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075815-0000-0000", "contents": "1958 Cuban general election\nGeneral elections were held in Cuba on 3 November 1958. The three major presidential candidates were Carlos M\u00e1rquez Sterling of the Partido del Pueblo Libre, Ram\u00f3n Grau of the Partido Aut\u00e9ntico and Andr\u00e9s Rivero Ag\u00fcero of the Coalici\u00f3n Progresista Nacional. There was also a minor party candidate on the ballot, Alberto Salas Amaro for the Union Cubana party. Voter turnout was estimated at about 50% of eligible voters. Although Andr\u00e9s Rivero Ag\u00fcero won the presidential election with 70% of the vote, he was unable to take office due to the Cuban Revolution. This was the last competitive election in Cuba, the 1940 Constitution of Cuba, the Congress and the Senate of the Cuban Republic, were quickly dismantled shortly thereafter.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [27, 27], "content_span": [28, 762]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075815-0001-0000", "contents": "1958 Cuban general election, Background\nThe rebels had publicly called for an election boycott, issuing its Total War Manifesto on 12 March 1958, threatening to kill anyone that voted.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 39], "content_span": [40, 184]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075815-0002-0000", "contents": "1958 Cuban general election, Results, Chamber of Representatives\nThe 166 members of the Chamber of Representatives were elected; 85 for a four-year term 81 for a two-year term.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 64], "content_span": [65, 176]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075815-0003-0000", "contents": "1958 Cuban general election, Aftermath\nRivero Ag\u00fcero was due to be sworn-in on 24 February 1959. In a conversation between him and the American ambassador Earl E. T. Smith on 15 November 1958, he called Castro a \"sick man\" and stated it would be impossible to reach a settlement with him. Rivero Ag\u00fcero also said that he planned to restore constitutional government and would convene a Constitutional Assembly after taking office.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 38], "content_span": [39, 430]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075816-0000-0000", "contents": "1958 Cup of the Ukrainian SSR\nThe 1958 Ukrainian Cup was a football knockout competition conducting by the Football Federation of the Ukrainian SSR and was known as the Ukrainian Cup.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [29, 29], "content_span": [30, 183]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075816-0001-0000", "contents": "1958 Cup of the Ukrainian SSR, Teams, Tournament distribution\nThe competition was conducted among 21 clubs out of 80 participants of the 1958 Football Championship and 7 other non-\"teams of masters\" FC Uzyn, Shakhta Holubivka Kadiivka, Spartak Shopla, FC KremHESbud, Budivelnyk Mykolaiv, Avanhard Pryluky, Metalist Sevastopol.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 61], "content_span": [62, 326]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075816-0002-0000", "contents": "1958 Cup of the Ukrainian SSR, Teams, Non-participating \"teams of masters\"\nThe Ukrainian teams of masters did not take part in the competition.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 74], "content_span": [75, 143]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075817-0000-0000", "contents": "1958 Cupa Rom\u00e2niei Final\nThe 1958 Cupa Rom\u00e2niei Final was the 20th final of Romania's most prestigious football cup competition. It was disputed between \u015etiin\u0163a Timi\u015foara and Progresul Bucure\u0219ti, and was won by \u015etiin\u0163a Timi\u015foara after a game with 1 goal. It was the first cup for \u015etiin\u0163a Timi\u015foara.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [24, 24], "content_span": [25, 298]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075818-0000-0000", "contents": "1958 DDR-Oberliga\nThe 1958 DDR-Oberliga was the tenth season of the DDR-Oberliga, the first tier of league football in East Germany. Rather than in the traditional autumn-spring format the Oberliga played for six seasons from 1955 to 1960 in the calendar year format, modelled on the system used in the Soviet Union. From 1961\u201362 onwards the league returned to its traditional format.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [17, 17], "content_span": [18, 384]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075818-0001-0000", "contents": "1958 DDR-Oberliga\nThe league was contested by fourteen teams. National People's Army club ASK Vorw\u00e4rts Berlin won the championship, the club's first of six national East German championships. On the strength of the 1958 title Vorw\u00e4rts qualified for the 1959\u201360 European Cup where the club was knocked out by Wolverhampton Wanderers in the preliminary round.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [17, 17], "content_span": [18, 357]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075818-0002-0000", "contents": "1958 DDR-Oberliga\nHelmut M\u00fcller of SC Motor Jena was the league's top scorer with 17 goals.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [17, 17], "content_span": [18, 91]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075818-0003-0000", "contents": "1958 DDR-Oberliga, Table\nThe 1958 season saw two newly promoted clubs, SC Dynamo Berlin and SC Empor Rostock.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 24], "content_span": [25, 109]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075819-0000-0000", "contents": "1958 DFB-Pokal Final\nThe 1958 DFB-Pokal Final decided the winner of the 1957\u201358 DFB-Pokal, the 15th season of Germany's knockout football cup competition. It was played on 16 November 1958 at the Auestadion in Kassel. VfB Stuttgart won the match 4\u20133 after extra time against Fortuna D\u00fcsseldorf, to claim their 2nd cup title.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [20, 20], "content_span": [21, 324]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075819-0001-0000", "contents": "1958 DFB-Pokal Final, Route to the final\nThe DFB-Pokal began with 5 teams in a single-elimination knockout cup competition. There were a total of two rounds leading up to the final. In the qualification round, all but two teams were given a bye. Teams were drawn against each other, and the winner after 90 minutes would advance. If still tied, 30 minutes of extra time was played. If the score was still level, a replay would take place at the original away team's stadium. If still level after 90 minutes, 30 minutes of extra time was played. If the score was still level, a drawing of lots would decide who would advance to the next round.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [22, 40], "content_span": [41, 642]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075819-0002-0000", "contents": "1958 DFB-Pokal Final, Route to the final\nNote: In all results below, the score of the finalist is given first (H: home; A: away).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [22, 40], "content_span": [41, 129]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075820-0000-0000", "contents": "1958 Dahomeyan constitutional referendum\nA referendum on the new constitution of France was held in Dahomey on 28 September 1958 as part of a wider referendum held across the French Union. The new constitution would see the country become part of the new French Community if accepted, or result in independence if rejected. It was approved by 97.84% of voters.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [40, 40], "content_span": [41, 360]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075821-0000-0000", "contents": "1958 Dan-Air Avro York crash\nThe 1958 Dan-Air Avro York crash was a fatal accident involving an Avro York cargo aircraft operated by Dan Air Services Limited on a non-scheduled international all-cargo service between Karachi, Pakistan, and New Delhi, India. The aircraft crashed on 25 May 1958 during a forced landing at Gurgaon, Haryana, India, after an engine had caught fire en route from Karachi to Delhi. Four of the five occupants of the aircraft were killed.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [28, 28], "content_span": [29, 465]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075821-0001-0000", "contents": "1958 Dan-Air Avro York crash, The aircraft\nThe aircraft, operated by Dan Air Services Ltd, was an Avro 685 York (registered in the United Kingdom as G-AMUV) that had its first flight in 1946. The York had been delivered to the Royal Air Force in February 1946, it was withdrawn from use and sold as a civilian aircraft in 1952.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 42], "content_span": [43, 327]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075821-0002-0000", "contents": "1958 Dan-Air Avro York crash, Accident\nFollowing the aircraft's departure from Karachi Airport in Pakistan's Sindh province, an in-flight fire developed en route to Delhi. This necessitated an immediate forced landing on rough terrain near Gurgaon in the Indian state of Haryana, resulting in the aircraft's break-up and a post-crash fire. Among the crew of five, the radio operator was the sole survivor. This crash was Dan-Air's first fatal accident.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 38], "content_span": [39, 452]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075821-0003-0000", "contents": "1958 Dan-Air Avro York crash, Cause\nThe subsequent investigation established a mid-air fire as a consequence of an internal failure of the aircraft's no. 1 engine as the accident's probable cause.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 35], "content_span": [36, 196]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075822-0000-0000", "contents": "1958 Danish 1st Division, Overview\nIt was contested by 12 teams, and Vejle Boldklub won the championship.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 34], "content_span": [35, 105]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075823-0000-0000", "contents": "1958 Danish local elections\nThe Danish regional elections of 1958 were held on 4 March 1958. 11529 municipal council members were elected, as well as 303 members of the amts of Denmark.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [27, 27], "content_span": [28, 185]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075824-0000-0000", "contents": "1958 Danube Cup\nThe 1958 edition of Mitropa Cup was unofficial and only for this tournament was named Danube Cup. The tournament  was won by the Yugoslavs of Crvena Zvezda.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 15], "section_span": [15, 15], "content_span": [16, 172]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075825-0000-0000", "contents": "1958 Dartmouth Indians football team\nThe 1958 Dartmouth Indians football team was an American football team that represented Dartmouth College as a member of the Ivy League during the 1958 NCAA University Division football season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [36, 36], "content_span": [37, 230]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075825-0001-0000", "contents": "1958 Dartmouth Indians football team\nIn their fourth season under head coach Bob Blackman, the Indians won the Ivy League. They compiled a 7\u20132 record and outscored opponents 182 to 83. Alvin Krutsch was the team captain.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [36, 36], "content_span": [37, 220]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075825-0002-0000", "contents": "1958 Dartmouth Indians football team\nThe Indians' 6\u20131 conference record was the best in the Ivy League. They outscored Ivy opponents 154 to 69.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [36, 36], "content_span": [37, 143]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075825-0003-0000", "contents": "1958 Dartmouth Indians football team\nDartmouth played its home games at Memorial Field on the college campus in Hanover, New Hampshire.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [36, 36], "content_span": [37, 135]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075826-0000-0000", "contents": "1958 Davis Cup\nThe 1958 Davis Cup was the 47th edition of the Davis Cup, the most important tournament between national teams in men's tennis. 24 teams entered the Europe Zone, 7 teams entered the America Zone, and 5 teams entered the Eastern Zone. Thailand made its first appearance in the competition.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [14, 14], "content_span": [15, 303]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075826-0001-0000", "contents": "1958 Davis Cup\nThe United States defeated Argentina in the America Zone final, the Philippines defeated Ceylon in the Eastern Zone final, and Italy defeated Great Britain in the Europe Zone final. In the Inter-Zonal Zone, Italy defeated the Philippines in the semifinal, and then the United States defeated Italy in the final. The United States then defeated the defending champions Australia in the Challenge Round. The final was played at the Milton Courts in Brisbane, Australia on 29\u201331 December.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [14, 14], "content_span": [15, 500]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075826-0002-0000", "contents": "1958 Davis Cup\nThe US team was composed of Alex Olmedo, Ham Richardson, Barry MacKay, and captain Perry T. Jones. Jack Kramer and Pancho Gonzales acted as advisors to Jones.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [14, 14], "content_span": [15, 173]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075827-0000-0000", "contents": "1958 Davis Cup America Zone\nThe America Zone was one of the three regional zones of the 1958 Davis Cup.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [27, 27], "content_span": [28, 103]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075827-0001-0000", "contents": "1958 Davis Cup America Zone\n7 teams entered the America Zone, with the winner going on to compete in the Inter-Zonal Zone against the winners of the Eastern Zone and Europe Zone. The United States defeated Argentina in the final and progressed to the Inter-Zonal Zone.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [27, 27], "content_span": [28, 268]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075828-0000-0000", "contents": "1958 Davis Cup Eastern Zone\nThe Eastern Zone was one of the three regional zones of the 1958 Davis Cup.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [27, 27], "content_span": [28, 103]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075828-0001-0000", "contents": "1958 Davis Cup Eastern Zone\n5 teams entered the Eastern Zone, with the winner going on to compete in the Inter-Zonal Zone against the winners of the America Zone and Europe Zone. The Philippines defeated Ceylon in the final and progressed to the Inter-Zonal Zone.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [27, 27], "content_span": [28, 263]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075829-0000-0000", "contents": "1958 Davis Cup Europe Zone\nThe Europe Zone was one of the three regional zones of the 1958 Davis Cup.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [26, 26], "content_span": [27, 101]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075829-0001-0000", "contents": "1958 Davis Cup Europe Zone\n24 teams entered the Europe Zone, with the winner going on to compete in the Inter-Zonal Zone against the winners of the America Zone and Eastern Zone. Italy defeated Great Britain in the final and progressed to the Inter-Zonal Zone.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [26, 26], "content_span": [27, 260]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075830-0000-0000", "contents": "1958 Delaware Fightin' Blue Hens football team\nThe 1958 Delaware Fightin' Blue Hens football team was an American football team that represented the University of Delaware in the Middle Atlantic Conference (MAC) during the 1958 NCAA College Division football season. In its eighth season under head coach David M. Nelson, the team compiled a 5\u20133 record (2\u20133 against MAC opponents) and outscored opponents by a total of 188 to 102. Robert Jones was the team captain. The team played its home games at Delaware Stadium in Newark, Delaware.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 46], "section_span": [46, 46], "content_span": [47, 537]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075831-0000-0000", "contents": "1958 Delaware State Hornets football team\nThe 1958 Delaware State Hornets football team represented Delaware State College\u2014now known as Delaware State University\u2014as a member of the Central Intercollegiate Athletic Association (CIAA) in the 1958 NCAA College Division football season. Led by coach Bennie J. George in his third and final year, the Hornets compiled a 3\u20135 record, and were outscored 118\u2013168.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 41], "section_span": [41, 41], "content_span": [42, 405]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075832-0000-0000", "contents": "1958 Denver Pioneers football team\nThe 1958 Denver Pioneers football team represented the University of Denver in the Skyline Conference during the 1958 NCAA University Division football season. In its fourth season under head coach John Roning, the team compiled a 2\u20138 record (2\u20135 against Skyline opponents), tied for sixth place in the conference, and was outscored by a total of 163 to 135.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [34, 34], "content_span": [35, 393]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075833-0000-0000", "contents": "1958 Detroit Lions season\nThe 1958 Detroit Lions season was their 29th in the National Football League. The defending NFL champions failed to improve on their previous season and finished at 4\u20137\u20131, fifth in the six-team Western Conference.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [25, 25], "content_span": [26, 239]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075833-0001-0000", "contents": "1958 Detroit Lions season\nHall of Fame quarterback Bobby Layne, age 31, was traded after the second game to the Pittsburgh Steelers for Earl Morrall and two draft choices. This supposedly led to Layne \"cursing\" the Lions, allegedly saying that Detroit \"would not win for fifty years.\" The story is considered a hoax, as no contemporaneous account exists and Layne himself denied saying it.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [25, 25], "content_span": [26, 389]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075833-0001-0001", "contents": "1958 Detroit Lions season\n(Real or not, the \"curse\" bedeviled the Lions franchise for the next half-century, and beyond: as of 2020, 62 years after the trade, Detroit has not won another championship, and indeed has won only a single playoff contest in that time.) Meanwhile, after losing their first two games without Layne, the Steelers finished at 7\u20134\u20131, their best record in over a decade.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [25, 25], "content_span": [26, 393]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075833-0002-0000", "contents": "1958 Detroit Lions season\nThe Lions won only one game in the first half of the season, then spilt the final six games. It was one of the poorest performances by a defending league champion in league history.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [25, 25], "content_span": [26, 207]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075833-0003-0000", "contents": "1958 Detroit Lions season, Game summaries, Standings\nNote: Tie games were not officially counted in the standings until 1972.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [27, 52], "content_span": [53, 125]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075834-0000-0000", "contents": "1958 Detroit Tigers season\nThe 1958 Detroit Tigers season was a season in American baseball. The team finished fifth in the American League with a record of 77\u201377, 15 games behind the New York Yankees.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [26, 26], "content_span": [27, 201]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075834-0001-0000", "contents": "1958 Detroit Tigers season, Player stats, Batting, Starters by position\nNote: Pos = Position; G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [28, 71], "content_span": [72, 196]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075834-0002-0000", "contents": "1958 Detroit Tigers season, Player stats, Batting, Other batters\nNote: G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [28, 64], "content_span": [65, 173]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075834-0003-0000", "contents": "1958 Detroit Tigers season, Player stats, Pitching, Starting pitchers\nNote: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [28, 69], "content_span": [70, 180]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075834-0004-0000", "contents": "1958 Detroit Tigers season, Player stats, Pitching, Other pitchers\nNote: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [28, 66], "content_span": [67, 177]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075834-0005-0000", "contents": "1958 Detroit Tigers season, Player stats, Pitching, Relief pitchers\nNote: G = Games pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; SV = Saves; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [28, 67], "content_span": [68, 168]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075835-0000-0000", "contents": "1958 Detroit Titans football team\nThe 1958 Detroit Titans football team represented the University of Detroit as an independent during the 1958 NCAA University Division football season. In their fifth and final year under head coach Wally Fromhart, the Titans compiled a 4\u20134\u20131 record and were outscored by a combined total of 157 to 131.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [33, 33], "content_span": [34, 337]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075835-0001-0000", "contents": "1958 Detroit Titans football team\nThe team's statistical leaders included Lou Faoro with 584 passing yards and Bruce Maher with 576 rushing yards, 295 receiving yards, and 42 points scored.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [33, 33], "content_span": [34, 189]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075836-0000-0000", "contents": "1958 Dodge\nThe Dodge lineup was refreshed for the 1958 model year, continuing the three-line scheme of the 1955 Dodges with the entry-level Coronet, Royal, and ornate Custom Royal. The Regal Lancer was added as a new Top of the line model in spring.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 10], "section_span": [10, 10], "content_span": [11, 249]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075836-0001-0000", "contents": "1958 Dodge, Overview\nThe 1958 Dodges shared their basic mechanicals with the De Soto, but featured special styling. The Coronet lasted through the 1959 model years.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 10], "section_span": [12, 20], "content_span": [21, 164]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075836-0002-0000", "contents": "1958 Dodge, Coronet\nThe Coronet was the base model. This was the only line to feature the 230\u00a0in3 (3.8\u00a0L) Getaway I6 with 123\u00a0hp (92\u00a0kW), but the 325\u00a0in3 (5.3\u00a0L) Red Ram (2bbl) / Super Red Ram (4bbl) V8 was an option. Coronets may typically be identified by a script mounted at the trailing edge of the belt-line stainless steel trim strip and a plain \"up-sweep\" molding of the rear fin trim, where both Royal and Custom Royal had a \"dipping\" element to the up-sweep trim. Fin cap inserts were painted with a horizontally ribbed pattern. Body styles offered were club sedan, sedan, two-door hardtop (Lancer), four-door hardtop (Lancer), and two-door convertible (Lancer). Lancers were further identified by a lance and shield emblem on each fin.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 10], "section_span": [12, 19], "content_span": [20, 745]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075836-0003-0000", "contents": "1958 Dodge, Royal\nThe Royal were the next step up. They used only the V8 engine. Identifying exterior characteristics include Royal script at the trailing edge of the belt-line molding, a pronounced \"check-mark\" at the rear up-sweep of the fin, chrome Dodge block letters on the front of the hood, chrome Dodge script on the passenger side of the trunk, and hood ornaments as standard equipment. Fin cap inserts were anodized with a horizontally ribbed pattern. Body styles offered were sedan, two-door hardtop (Lancer), and four-door hardtop (Lancer). Lancers were further identified by a lance and shield emblem on each fin.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 10], "section_span": [12, 17], "content_span": [18, 626]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075836-0004-0000", "contents": "1958 Dodge, Custom Royal\nThe flagship model was the Custom Royal. It came with the 350\u00a0in3 (5.7\u00a0L) Ram Fire V8 with a standard two-barrel carburetor, but the optional four-barrel carburetor delivered 300\u00a0hp (224\u00a0kW). A feature of the Custom Royal was its bumper-mounted exhaust ports which were only available on the Royal and Coronet models as part of the D-500 options. Identifying exterior characteristics include Custom Royal script at the trailing edge of the belt-line molding, the pronounced check-mark, gold anodized Dodge block letters on the hood, and gold anodized Dodge script on the passenger side of the trunk.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 10], "section_span": [12, 24], "content_span": [25, 624]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075836-0004-0001", "contents": "1958 Dodge, Custom Royal\nFin cap inserts were anodized and had a unique rectangular pattern. All Custom Royals included a stainless molding above the bumper, on the flat edge below the trunk opening. Body styles offered were sedan, two-door hardtop (Lancer), four-door hardtop (Lancer), and two-door convertible (Lancer). Lancers were further identified by a lance and shield emblem on each fin.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 10], "section_span": [12, 24], "content_span": [25, 395]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075836-0005-0000", "contents": "1958 Dodge, Spring Specials\nTo combat the recession of 1958, the Chrysler Corporation developed a program of spring specials to present a mid-year trim change on most of its makes. The factory-produced spring specials for Dodge included a new wide, full-length belt line molding, grille emblem, fin end-caps, and a wide license plate escutcheon. The Chrysler Corporation also shipped out all of these trim items individually to dealers so the dealers could \"freshen up\" the cars sitting on their lots. Dealer-installed spring specials often include some elements of the factory spring special trim, but not always all. New exterior colors introduced for spring were Poppy Red, Frosted Turquoise, and Paris Rose.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 10], "section_span": [12, 27], "content_span": [28, 711]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075836-0006-0000", "contents": "1958 Dodge, Spring Specials\nUnrelated to spring specials, Dodge changed the headlight trim midway through the production run. Later cars have a wide lower edge to the headlight trim while early cars have a thin lower edge.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 10], "section_span": [12, 27], "content_span": [28, 222]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075836-0007-0000", "contents": "1958 Dodge, Regal Lancer\nTrying to boost sales, the Regal Lancer model was added in February and only available as a two-door hardtop with special colors, exterior trim and interior. Four color combinations where available: bronze with white trim, bronze with black trim, black with bronze trim, and white with bronze trim. It featured special nameplates at the front of the side spear trim and heavy eyebrow trim. Inside, Regal Lancers got their own interior with unique trim and door panels featuring molded armrests. A bronze instrument panel with textured aluminum inserts was a Regal Lancer exclusive. The standard engine offered for Regal Lancers was the 350 cubic inch displacement \"Ram Fire\" V8. Optional engine choices were the 361 cubic inch displacement D-500 and Super D-500 iterations. Only 1,163 were produced.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 10], "section_span": [12, 24], "content_span": [25, 824]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075836-0008-0000", "contents": "1958 Dodge, Suburban\nThe Suburban was Dodge's two-door station wagon in 1958. All station wagons came standard with the 350 Ram Fire engine.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 10], "section_span": [12, 20], "content_span": [21, 140]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075836-0009-0000", "contents": "1958 Dodge, Sierra\nThe entry level four-door station wagon in 1958 was the Sierra. Sierras came in either the six-passenger seat configuration or the nine-passenger \"Spectator\" seat configuration. From the exterior the nine-passenger configuration can be easily identified by the spare tire panel behind the rear wheel opening and the rubber step-spots on the rear bumper.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 10], "section_span": [12, 18], "content_span": [19, 372]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075836-0010-0000", "contents": "1958 Dodge, Custom Sierra\nCustom Sierra wagons were the top-of-the-line station wagon offering for Dodge. As with Sierras, they were available as either six-passenger or Spectators.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 10], "section_span": [12, 25], "content_span": [26, 181]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075836-0011-0000", "contents": "1958 Dodge, D-500\nThe D-500 engine option was available across all models and all body styles including station wagons and the Regal Lancer. The D-500 family of engines includes a four-barrel option, a dual four-barrel (Super D-500), and a Bendix electronic fuel injection system for the Super D-500. The Bendix E.F.I. system proved to be troublesome and what few examples were built were recalled to be fitted with the normally aspirated dual four-barrel carburetor system. On passenger cars, the D-500 emblem was located on the driver side of the trunk. On station wagons, the D-500 emblem was located below the tail gate latch. The 1958 D-500 emblem was unique to that year. All D-500s came with bumper mounted exhaust ports.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 10], "section_span": [12, 17], "content_span": [18, 728]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075836-0012-0000", "contents": "1958 Dodge, Paint and Trim Schemes\nApart from the spring specials, Dodge offered a variety of paint and trim schemes for 1958. Solid color cars were standard. Two-tone options were: 1) the basic two-tone which had a roof color and a body color, 2) a \"deluxe\" two-tone, which had the roof, fins, and trunk as one color and the body as another; and 3) a \"saddle\" two-tone, which had the roof and all of the body below the belt-line trim as one color and the body above the belt-line trim as another; and 4) Regal two-tone, exclusive to the Regal Lancer two-door hardtop. The monotone, basic, and deluxe two-tones all used the \"short\" belt-line trim with model script behind the trailing edge. The saddle two-tone used the 1957 full-length belt-line trim and placed the model script below the front fender belt-line trim. The Regal Lancer had paint and trim unique to that model.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 10], "section_span": [12, 34], "content_span": [35, 876]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075837-0000-0000", "contents": "1958 Drexel Dragons football team\nThe 1958 Drexel Dragons football team represented the Drexel Institute of Technology (renamed Drexel University in 1970) as a member of the Middle Atlantic Conference during the 1958 NCAA College Division football season. Jack Hinkle was the team's head coach.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [33, 33], "content_span": [34, 294]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075838-0000-0000", "contents": "1958 Drexel Dragons men's soccer team\nThe 1958 Drexel Dragons men's soccer team was the 12th season of the program's existence. The program competed as an independent during the 1958 ISFA season, the final year before the NCAA began sponsor collegiate varsity soccer.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [37, 37], "content_span": [38, 267]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075838-0001-0000", "contents": "1958 Drexel Dragons men's soccer team\nThe 1958 season was the most accomplished season in program history. Drexel posted a perfect 12-0-0 record, and won the ISFA National Championship, the predecessor to the NCAA Division I Men's Soccer Championship. The Dragons scored a record 76 goals in 12 matches, while only conceding 15. Drexel was led by Polish striker Stanislav D\u0142ugosz, who had 57 points on the season, which remains a record for Drexel. During their match against Rider, Igor Lissy had a program record three assists, a record that would not be tied until 1991. Lissy led the team in scoring with 22 goals in just 12 matches. Outside of the ISFA title, Drexel won the Middle Atlantic States Athletic Conference.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [37, 37], "content_span": [38, 723]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075838-0002-0000", "contents": "1958 Drexel Dragons men's soccer team\nRobert Muschek, D\u0142ugosz and Ozzie Jethon were named All-Americans at the end of the season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [37, 37], "content_span": [38, 129]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075838-0003-0000", "contents": "1958 Drexel Dragons men's soccer team, Roster\nThe following players were part of Drexel's squad during the 1958 season:", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [39, 45], "content_span": [46, 119]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075838-0004-0000", "contents": "1958 Drexel Dragons men's soccer team, Roster\nNote: Flags indicate national team as defined under FIFA eligibility rules. Players may hold more than one non-FIFA nationality.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [39, 45], "content_span": [46, 174]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075839-0000-0000", "contents": "1958 Duke Blue Devils football team\nThe 1958 Duke Blue Devils football team represented Duke University during the 1958 NCAA University Division football season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [35, 35], "content_span": [36, 161]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075840-0000-0000", "contents": "1958 Dutch Grand Prix\nThe 1958 Dutch Grand Prix was a Formula One motor race held on 26 May 1958 at Zandvoort. It was race 3 of 11 in the 1958 World Championship of Drivers and race 3 of 10 in the 1958 International Cup for Formula One Manufacturers.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [21, 21], "content_span": [22, 250]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075841-0000-0000", "contents": "1958 Ealing South by-election\nThe Ealing South by-election of 12 June 1958 was held after the resignation of Conservative Party MP Angus Maude.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [29, 29], "content_span": [30, 143]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075841-0001-0000", "contents": "1958 Ealing South by-election\nThe seat had been won by the Conservatives at the 1955 United Kingdom general election by over 12,000 votes.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [29, 29], "content_span": [30, 138]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075842-0000-0000", "contents": "1958 East Aberdeenshire by-election\nThe 1958 East Aberdeenshire by-election was held on 20 November 1958 when the incumbent Conservative MP, Sir Robert Boothby was elevated to a life peerage. The by-election was retained by the Conservative candidate Patrick Wolrige-Gordon. Wolrige-Gordon was still an undergraduate at Oxford and at the time of his election the youngest MP.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [35, 35], "content_span": [36, 375]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075842-0001-0000", "contents": "1958 East Aberdeenshire by-election\nIn 1955 Boothby had won the seat with a majority of just over 10,000 votes. While that contest had been a straight fight between the Conservatives and Labour, the by-election saw the Liberal Party also field a candidate.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [35, 35], "content_span": [36, 256]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075843-0000-0000", "contents": "1958 East Carolina Pirates football team\nThe 1958 East Carolina Pirates football team was an American football team that represented represented East Carolina College (now known as East Carolina University) as a member of the North State Conference during the 1958 NAIA football season. In their seventh season under head coach Jack Boone, the team compiled a 6\u20134 record.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [40, 40], "content_span": [41, 371]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075844-0000-0000", "contents": "1958 East German general election\nGeneral elections were held in East Germany on 16 November 1958. There were 466 deputies in the Volkskammer, including 66 from East Berlin who were not directly elected. All were candidates of the single-list National Front, dominated by the Socialist Unity Party of Germany. The list received the approval of 99.9% of voters, with turnout reported to be 98.9%.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [33, 33], "content_span": [34, 395]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075845-0000-0000", "contents": "1958 East River collision\nThe 1958 East River collision occurred on the morning of June 25, 1958, two ships collided in the East River in New York City, resulting in a fire, a gasoline spill, and the deaths of two crewmembers.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [25, 25], "content_span": [26, 226]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075845-0001-0000", "contents": "1958 East River collision, Incident\nThe vessels involved in the incident were the Nebraska, a 431 feet (131\u00a0m) cargo ship owned by Swedish company Rederi A/B Transatlantic, and the Empress Bay, a 197 feet (60\u00a0m) tanker owned by New York\u2013based Petroleum Tankers Corporation. At the time of the collision, Nebraska was bound south from New Haven, Connecticut to Newark, New Jersey with a cargo of automobiles and Empress Bay was outbound from Bayonne, New Jersey to Mount Vernon, New York with 280,000 US gallons (1,100,000\u00a0l) of gasoline.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [27, 35], "content_span": [36, 537]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075845-0002-0000", "contents": "1958 East River collision, Incident\nAt 00:22 local time, Nebraska rammed Empress Bay amidships, triggering an explosion of gasoline aboard the tanker and spilling oil that ignited on the surface of the river. The ships collided almost directly under the Manhattan Bridge, and flames reached about 150 feet (46\u00a0m) upwards to scorch the bridge's deck and damage subway tracks. Two tugboats, eight New York Fire Department fireboats, and eleven Coast Guard patrol boats responded to the collision, and the fire was controlled by about 01:15. The spread of the gasoline slick led the Coast Guard to close the river in the area until the middle of the day, and smoking was banned on the waterfront until that evening.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [27, 35], "content_span": [36, 712]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075845-0003-0000", "contents": "1958 East River collision, Incident\n43 people were on board Nebraska and eight on Empress Bay. 37 sailors were injured, and two Empress Bay crewmembers, engineer Thomas Erickson and cook Otto Ahrens, were killed. William Finn, a New York Journal-American photographer, died of a heart attack as he was taking pictures of the disaster.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [27, 35], "content_span": [36, 334]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075845-0004-0000", "contents": "1958 East River collision, Incident\nNebraska remained afloat after the collision and was sailed to a Hudson River pier, while Empress Bay was partially submerged and later completely sank during the early morning of June 26. She was subsequently abandoned by her owners, leaving her the responsibility of the Army Corps of Engineers. The Corp requested bids from private firms to salvage her, and she was eventually refloated on September 9.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [27, 35], "content_span": [36, 441]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075846-0000-0000", "contents": "1958 Eastern Michigan Hurons football team\nThe 1958 Eastern Michigan Hurons football team represented Eastern Michigan College (renamed Eastern Michigan University in 1959) in the Interstate Intercollegiate Athletic Conference (IIAC) during the 1958 NCAA College Division football season. In their seventh season under head coach Fred Trosko, the Hurons compiled a 4\u20135 record (3\u20133 against IIAC opponents) and outscored their opponents, 108 to 88. Charles J. Shonta was the team captain The team's statistical leaders included John Kubiak with 452 passing yards and 410 yards of total offense, Albert Day with 296 rushing yards, and Jerry Wedge with 183 receiving yards. On October 18, 1958, the Hurons defeated Eastern Illinois, 31\u20130, in front for a homecoming crowd of 7,200 at Briggs Field in Ypsilanti. Alex Klukach received the team's most valuable player award.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 42], "section_span": [42, 42], "content_span": [43, 866]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075847-0000-0000", "contents": "1958 Ecuador\u2013Colombia earthquake\nThe 1958 Ecuador\u2013Colombia earthquake struck the coastal regions of Ecuador and Colombia on January 19 with a surface wave magnitude of 7.6 at 9:07 local time. Approximately 30 percent of Esmeraldas (Ecuador) was destroyed, including the children's department of the hospital, where three children died. In all, 111 persons died and 45 were injured as a result of the earthquake. Water mains were broken and power transmission lines were damaged. The Esmeraldas-Quito highway collapsed at many places. Many other roads of the country were made impassable by cracks and fallen trees. According to press reports, a landslide from the slopes of the Andes at Panado village buried a hundred people. The earthquake was destructive in the cities on the northern coast of the country and was strong from Latacunga to Quito, Ibarra and Tulc\u00e1n. It was felt at Guayaquil.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [32, 32], "content_span": [33, 893]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075847-0001-0000", "contents": "1958 Ecuador\u2013Colombia earthquake, Tectonic setting\nEcuador and Colombia lie above a convergent boundary where the Nazca Plate is being subducted beneath the South American Plate. The convergence rate is 55\u00a0mm per year and the subduction is significantly oblique to the boundary. This part of the plate boundary has been the location of a series of large historical earthquakes, including the Mw=8.8 1906 Ecuador\u2013Colombia earthquake, which ruptured 5\u2013600\u00a0km of the plate interface. Since 1906 there have been three major earthquakes that together have re-ruptured this same segment, in 1942, 1958 and 1979.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 50], "content_span": [51, 605]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075847-0002-0000", "contents": "1958 Ecuador\u2013Colombia earthquake, Damage\nIn Colombia, Tumaco suffered most of all. Several old residences and a wooden home for railway workers collapsed. The large brick ovens used for drying pulp collapsed at the sawmills. The brick wall of the new church cracked. The walls of a number of other buildings cracked. The rafters of the roof of the tide gauge box set up at the end of the breakwater (on Del Morro Island) came out of their grooves, the roof collapsed and carried the instrument and the box with it into the water.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 40], "content_span": [41, 529]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075847-0002-0001", "contents": "1958 Ecuador\u2013Colombia earthquake, Damage\nPile wooden homes rocked so strongly in a north-south direction, that 8\u00a0cm gaps appeared in the ground at the foundations. The corrugated roof of the lower shed was bent in by the collision of two adjacent sheds. The embankments connecting Tumaco Island with adjacent islands crumbled and cracked. Bottles, vases, dishes, cameras, typewriters, etc. fell and broke. Water splashed out of tubs. The telegraph link between Tumaco and La Espriella was out of commission for 24 hours because of fallen posts. A resident of the city was injured. Eyewitnesses between Tumaco and Esmeraldas found it difficult to remain standing. Water gushed out of cracks in the ground on Manglares Cape, and trees fell.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 40], "content_span": [41, 738]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075847-0003-0000", "contents": "1958 Ecuador\u2013Colombia earthquake, Damage\nThe earthquake was strong at Pasto, Ipiales, Imuesa, Tuquerres and Sapuyas; it lasted about 40 minutes, but did not cause material damage. At Cali and Pereira, the population was frightened. At Bogot\u00e1, the pendulums stopped on the clocks at the seismic station.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 40], "content_span": [41, 302]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075847-0004-0000", "contents": "1958 Ecuador\u2013Colombia earthquake, Damage\nMany recurrent shocks were felt at the epicentral zone; the two strongest occurred on January 19 at 9:45 and on February 1. According to geodesic data, the breakwater at Tumaco was shifted 1\u00a0cm along the vertical by the earthquake.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 40], "content_span": [41, 272]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075847-0005-0000", "contents": "1958 Ecuador\u2013Colombia earthquake, Damage\nThe earthquake gave rise to a tsunami. A launch almost sank at Esmeraldas; four customs officers died. The waves damaged Tumaco and Guayaquil.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 40], "content_span": [41, 183]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075848-0000-0000", "contents": "1958 Edmonton municipal election\nThe 1958 municipal election was held October 15, 1958 to elect six aldermen to sit on Edmonton City Council, four trustees to sit on the separate school board, and three trustees to sit on the public school board. There was no election for mayor, as William Hawrelak was one year into a two-year term.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [32, 32], "content_span": [33, 334]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075848-0001-0000", "contents": "1958 Edmonton municipal election\nThere were ten aldermen on city council, but four of the positions were already filled: Cliffard Roy, William Connelly, Hu Harries, and Reginald Easton were all elected to two-year terms in 1957 and were still in office. James Falconer was also elected to a two-year term in 1957, but had resigned; accordingly, William Henning was elected to a one-year term to complete Falconer's term.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [32, 32], "content_span": [33, 420]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075848-0002-0000", "contents": "1958 Edmonton municipal election\nThere were seven trustees on the public school board, but four of the positions were already filled: Ernest Hanna, Angus MacDonald, Robert Johnson,  and Douglas Thomson were elected to two-year terms in 1957 and were still in office. On the separate board, there were four vacancies: Orest Demco, Catherine McGrath, and Joseph Moreau were acclaimed to two-year terms in 1957 and were still in office. Michael O'Byrne had also been acclaimed to a two-year term in 1957, but had resigned; accordingly, William Burke was elected to a one-year term to complete O'Byrne's term.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [32, 32], "content_span": [33, 605]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075848-0003-0000", "contents": "1958 Edmonton municipal election, Voter turnout\nThere were 18650 ballots cast out of 145701 eligible voters, for a voter turnout of 12.8%.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 47], "content_span": [48, 138]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075849-0000-0000", "contents": "1958 Egypt Cup Final\n1958 Egypt Cup Final, was the final match of 1957\u201358 Egypt Cup, between Zamalek & Al-Ahly, with the game ending 0\u20130 meant the two sides could not be separated, so a replay was played four days later, the replay game ends 2\u20132, title shared between the two clubs for the 2nd time (after 1943).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [20, 20], "content_span": [21, 312]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075850-0000-0000", "contents": "1958 Egyptian United Arab Republic referendum\nA referendum on the United Arab Republic was held in Egypt on 21 February 1958, alongside a simultaneous referendum in Syria. The referendum consisted of two questions; one on the formation of the UAR, and the other on Gamal Abdel Nasser's candidacy for the post of President of the UAR. Both were approved, with fewer than 300 votes against and a 98.1% voter turnout.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 45], "section_span": [45, 45], "content_span": [46, 414]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075851-0000-0000", "contents": "1958 Eisenhower Trophy\nThe 1958 Eisenhower Trophy took place 8\u201311 and 13 October on the Old Course in St Andrews, Scotland. It was the first World Amateur Team Championship for the Eisenhower Trophy. The tournament was a 72-hole stroke play team event with 29 four-man teams. The best three scores for each round counted towards the team total.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [22, 22], "content_span": [23, 344]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075851-0001-0000", "contents": "1958 Eisenhower Trophy\nAustralia won the Eisenhower Trophy, beating the United States by 222 to 224 in a playoff after both teams had finished on 918. The United States took the silver medal. Great Britain and Ireland finished a stroke behind and took the bronze medal while New Zealand, who led after 54 holes, finished fourth.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [22, 22], "content_span": [23, 328]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075851-0002-0000", "contents": "1958 Eisenhower Trophy\nThe playoff took place on Monday 13 October and followed the same format as the main event with the leading three scores counting. For Australia, Doug Bachli scored 77, Bruce Devlin 72, Bob Stevens 75 and Peter Toogood 75 for a total of 222. For the United States, Charles Coe scored 73, Bill Hyndman 78, Billy Joe Patton 75 and Bud Taylor 76 for a total of 224.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [22, 22], "content_span": [23, 385]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075851-0003-0000", "contents": "1958 Eisenhower Trophy, Teams\n29 teams contested the event. Each team had four players with the exception of team Republic of China, which were represented by only three players.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [24, 29], "content_span": [30, 178]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075851-0004-0000", "contents": "1958 Eisenhower Trophy, Individual leaders\nThere was no official recognition for the lowest individual scores.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [24, 42], "content_span": [43, 110]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075852-0000-0000", "contents": "1958 Ekstraklasa, Overview\n12 teams competed in the 1958 season. \u0141KS \u0141\u00f3d\u017a won the championship.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 16], "section_span": [18, 26], "content_span": [27, 95]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075853-0000-0000", "contents": "1958 Emperor's Cup, Overview\nIt was contested by 16 teams, and Kwangaku Club won the championship.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 18], "section_span": [20, 28], "content_span": [29, 98]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075854-0000-0000", "contents": "1958 Emperor's Cup Final\nThis is the current revision of this page, as edited by Monkbot (talk | contribs) at 00:17, 8 January 2020 (\u2192\u200etop: Task 15:  language icon template(s) replaced (1\u00d7);). The present address (URL) is a permanent link to this version.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [24, 24], "content_span": [25, 255]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075854-0001-0000", "contents": "1958 Emperor's Cup Final\n1958 Emperor's Cup Final was the 38th final of the Emperor's Cup competition. The final was played at Fujieda Higashi High School Ground in Shizuoka on September 9, 1958. Kwangaku Club won the championship.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [24, 24], "content_span": [25, 231]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075854-0002-0000", "contents": "1958 Emperor's Cup Final, Overview\nKwangaku Club won the championship, by defeating Yawata Steel 2\u20131.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 34], "content_span": [35, 101]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075855-0000-0000", "contents": "1958 English Greyhound Derby\nThe 1958 Greyhound Derby took place during June with the final being held on 28 June 1958 at White City Stadium. The winner was Pigalle Wonder and the winning owner Al Burnett received \u00a31,500.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [28, 28], "content_span": [29, 221]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075855-0001-0000", "contents": "1958 English Greyhound Derby, Final result, Distances\n2\u00be, Neck, 4, 4\u00be, 1 (lengths)The distances between the greyhounds are in finishing order and shown in lengths. From 1950 one length was equal to 0.08 of one second.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 53], "content_span": [54, 217]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075855-0002-0000", "contents": "1958 English Greyhound Derby, Competition Report\nTwo brindle dogs called Pigalle Wonder and Mile Bush Pride were heavily involved in the 1958 Derby and would become famous names within the sport of greyhound racing. Pigalle Wonder started his career called Prairie Champion and won the 1957 McCalmont Cup at Kilkenny Greyhound Stadium. He was bought by Al Burnett (owner of the Pigalle Club in London) after clocking 29.10 sec in a 525 yards trial at Harold's Cross Stadium and was renamed Pigalle Wonder. However in the first round he suffered a shock defeat. This defeat led to the bookmakers making Kilcaskin Kern the new Derby favourite, this fawn dog had finished the previous year well and broke the track record in his heat recording 28.63.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 48], "content_span": [49, 747]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075855-0003-0000", "contents": "1958 English Greyhound Derby, Competition Report\nMile Bush Pride had been bought for the Derby by Jack Harvey for Noel Purvis but suffered a minor setback when a corn had to be removed from his foot shortly before the first round which he safely negotiated. The second round brought mixed fortunes for the main contenders, Kilcaskin Kern won but finished lame after the race. Pigalle Wonder and Mile Bush Pride progressed comfortably.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 48], "content_span": [49, 434]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075855-0004-0000", "contents": "1958 English Greyhound Derby, Competition Report\nIn the semi-finals Kilcaskin Kern was declared fit but failed to progress any further. Mile Bush Pride clipped three spots off the track record set by Kilcaskin Kern before Pigalle Wonder won by 13 lengths, in 28.44, breaking the record once again in the second semi-final.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 48], "content_span": [49, 322]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075855-0005-0000", "contents": "1958 English Greyhound Derby, Competition Report\nThe Wembley trainers once again dominated proceedings with four finalists, Bob Burls handled two of them, the first time he had trained a Derby finalist. The draw was unkind to Mile Bush Pride and trap one further enhanced the chances of Pigalle Wonder who went off at 4-5 favourite. Northern Lad made the best start and led until the third bend but Pigalle Wonder always in close pursuit took over the lead at that point and drew clear to win by over two lengths. Mile Bush Pride ran on well for third place despite his bad trap draw.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 48], "content_span": [49, 584]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075856-0000-0000", "contents": "1958 English cricket season\n1958 was the 59th season of County Championship cricket in England. Surrey captain Peter May topped the batting averages for the third time and his team won a record seventh successive title. England defeated the touring New Zealand side 4\u20130 in a Test match series.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [27, 27], "content_span": [28, 293]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075856-0001-0000", "contents": "1958 English cricket season, Test series\nEngland defeated New Zealand 4\u20130 with one match drawn in a five match Test series.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 40], "content_span": [41, 123]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075856-0002-0000", "contents": "1958 English cricket season, County Championship\nThe County Championship was won by Surrey County Cricket Club, the last of seven consecutive Championships for the county. Hampshire were runners-up.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 48], "content_span": [49, 198]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075856-0003-0000", "contents": "1958 English cricket season, Leading players\nPeter May topped the averages with 2,231 runs scored at a batting average of 63.74.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 44], "content_span": [45, 128]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075856-0004-0000", "contents": "1958 English cricket season, Leading players\nLes Jackson topped the bowling averages with 143 wickets taken at a bowling average of 10.99 runs per wicket.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 44], "content_span": [45, 154]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075857-0000-0000", "contents": "1958 Estonian SSR Football Championship\nThe 1958 Estonian SSR Football Championship was won by \u00dclemiste Kalev.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [39, 39], "content_span": [40, 110]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075858-0000-0000", "contents": "1958 European Aquatics Championships\nThe 1958 LEN European Aquatics Championships took place in Budapest, Hungary from 31 August until 6 September. In swimming, the 4 \u00d7 100 m medley relays for men and women were introduced.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [36, 36], "content_span": [37, 223]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075859-0000-0000", "contents": "1958 European Athletics Championships\nThe 6th European Athletics Championships were held from 19\u201324 August 1958 in the Olympic Stadium of Stockholm, Sweden. Contemporaneous reports on the event were given in the Glasgow Herald.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [37, 37], "content_span": [38, 227]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075859-0001-0000", "contents": "1958 European Athletics Championships, Participation\nAccording to an unofficial count, 629 athletes from 26 countries participated in the event, three athletes more than the official number of 626 as published. A joint German team comprising athletes from both East and West Germany was competing. Assignment of the athletes to East or West Germany was accomplished using the database of Deutsche Gesellschaft f\u00fcr Leichtathletik-Dokumentation 1990 e.V.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [39, 52], "content_span": [53, 452]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075860-0000-0000", "contents": "1958 European Athletics Championships \u2013 Men's 10,000 metres\nThe men's 10,000 metres at the 1958 European Athletics Championships was held in Stockholm, Sweden, at Stockholms Olympiastadion on 19 August 1958.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 59], "section_span": [59, 59], "content_span": [60, 207]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075860-0001-0000", "contents": "1958 European Athletics Championships \u2013 Men's 10,000 metres, Participation\nAccording to an unofficial count, 22 athletes from 16 countries participated in the event.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 59], "section_span": [61, 74], "content_span": [75, 165]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075861-0000-0000", "contents": "1958 European Athletics Championships \u2013 Men's 100 metres\nThe men's 100 metres at the 1958 European Athletics Championships was held in Stockholm, Sweden, at Stockholms Olympiastadion on 19 and 20 August 1958.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 56], "section_span": [56, 56], "content_span": [57, 208]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075861-0001-0000", "contents": "1958 European Athletics Championships \u2013 Men's 100 metres, Participation\nAccording to an unofficial count, 29 athletes from 18 countries participated in the event.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 56], "section_span": [58, 71], "content_span": [72, 162]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075862-0000-0000", "contents": "1958 European Athletics Championships \u2013 Men's 110 metres hurdles\nThe men's 110 metres hurdles at the 1958 European Athletics Championships was held in Stockholm, Sweden, at Stockholms Olympiastadion on 22, 23, and 24 August 1958.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 64], "section_span": [64, 64], "content_span": [65, 229]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075862-0001-0000", "contents": "1958 European Athletics Championships \u2013 Men's 110 metres hurdles, Participation\nAccording to an unofficial count, 21 athletes from 15 countries participated in the event.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 64], "section_span": [66, 79], "content_span": [80, 170]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075863-0000-0000", "contents": "1958 European Athletics Championships \u2013 Men's 1500 metres\nThe men's 1500 metres at the 1958 European Athletics Championships was held in Stockholm, Sweden, at Stockholms Olympiastadion on 22 and 24 August 1958.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 57], "section_span": [57, 57], "content_span": [58, 210]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075863-0001-0000", "contents": "1958 European Athletics Championships \u2013 Men's 1500 metres, Participation\nAccording to an unofficial count, 33 athletes from 21 countries participated in the event.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 57], "section_span": [59, 72], "content_span": [73, 163]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075864-0000-0000", "contents": "1958 European Athletics Championships \u2013 Men's 20 kilometres walk\nThe men's 20 kilometres race walk at the 1958 European Athletics Championships was held in Stockholm, Sweden, on 19 August 1958.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 64], "section_span": [64, 64], "content_span": [65, 193]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075864-0001-0000", "contents": "1958 European Athletics Championships \u2013 Men's 20 kilometres walk, Participation\nAccording to an unofficial count, 14 athletes from 8 countries participated in the event.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 64], "section_span": [66, 79], "content_span": [80, 169]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075865-0000-0000", "contents": "1958 European Athletics Championships \u2013 Men's 200 metres\nThe men's 200 metres at the 1958 European Athletics Championships was held in Stockholm, Sweden, at Stockholms Olympiastadion on 22 and 23 August 1958.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 56], "section_span": [56, 56], "content_span": [57, 208]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075865-0001-0000", "contents": "1958 European Athletics Championships \u2013 Men's 200 metres, Participation\nAccording to an unofficial count, 25 athletes from 18 countries participated in the event.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 56], "section_span": [58, 71], "content_span": [72, 162]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075866-0000-0000", "contents": "1958 European Athletics Championships \u2013 Men's 3000 metres steeplechase\nThe men's 3000 metres steeplechase at the 1958 European Athletics Championships was held in Stockholm, Sweden, at Stockholms Olympiastadion on 20 and 22 August 1958.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 70], "section_span": [70, 70], "content_span": [71, 236]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075866-0001-0000", "contents": "1958 European Athletics Championships \u2013 Men's 3000 metres steeplechase, Participation\nAccording to an unofficial count, 16 athletes from 14 countries participated in the event.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 70], "section_span": [72, 85], "content_span": [86, 176]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075867-0000-0000", "contents": "1958 European Athletics Championships \u2013 Men's 4 \u00d7 100 metres relay\nThe men's 4 x 100 metres relay at the 1958 European Athletics Championships was held in Stockholm, Sweden, at Stockholms Olympiastadion on 23 and 24 August 1958.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 66], "section_span": [66, 66], "content_span": [67, 228]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075867-0001-0000", "contents": "1958 European Athletics Championships \u2013 Men's 4 \u00d7 100 metres relay, Participation\nAccording to an unofficial count, 40 athletes from 10 countries participated in the event.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 66], "section_span": [68, 81], "content_span": [82, 172]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075868-0000-0000", "contents": "1958 European Athletics Championships \u2013 Men's 4 \u00d7 400 metres relay\nThe men's 4 x 400 metres relay at the 1958 European Athletics Championships was held in Stockholm, Sweden, at Stockholms Olympiastadion on 23 and 24 August 1958.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 66], "section_span": [66, 66], "content_span": [67, 228]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075868-0001-0000", "contents": "1958 European Athletics Championships \u2013 Men's 4 \u00d7 400 metres relay, Participation\nAccording to an unofficial count, 32 athletes from 8 countries participated in the event.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 66], "section_span": [68, 81], "content_span": [82, 171]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075869-0000-0000", "contents": "1958 European Athletics Championships \u2013 Men's 400 metres\nThe men's 400 metres at the 1958 European Athletics Championships was held in Stockholm, Sweden, at Stockholms Olympiastadion on 19, 20, and 21 August 1958.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 56], "section_span": [56, 56], "content_span": [57, 213]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075869-0001-0000", "contents": "1958 European Athletics Championships \u2013 Men's 400 metres, Participation\nAccording to an unofficial count, 26 athletes from 18 countries participated in the event.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 56], "section_span": [58, 71], "content_span": [72, 162]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075870-0000-0000", "contents": "1958 European Athletics Championships \u2013 Men's 400 metres hurdles\nThe men's 400 metres hurdles at the 1958 European Athletics Championships was held in Stockholm, Sweden, at Stockholms Olympiastadion on 20, 21, and 22 August 1958.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 64], "section_span": [64, 64], "content_span": [65, 229]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075870-0001-0000", "contents": "1958 European Athletics Championships \u2013 Men's 400 metres hurdles, Participation\nAccording to an unofficial count, 19 athletes from 12 countries participated in the event.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 64], "section_span": [66, 79], "content_span": [80, 170]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075871-0000-0000", "contents": "1958 European Athletics Championships \u2013 Men's 50 kilometres walk\nThe men's 50 kilometres race walk at the 1958 European Athletics Championships was held in Stockholm, Sweden, on 22 August 1958.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 64], "section_span": [64, 64], "content_span": [65, 193]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075871-0001-0000", "contents": "1958 European Athletics Championships \u2013 Men's 50 kilometres walk, Participation\nAccording to an unofficial count, 14 athletes from 10 countries participated in the event.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 64], "section_span": [66, 79], "content_span": [80, 170]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075872-0000-0000", "contents": "1958 European Athletics Championships \u2013 Men's 5000 metres\nThe men's 5000 metres at the 1958 European Athletics Championships was held in Stockholm, Sweden, at Stockholms Olympiastadion on 21 and 23 August 1958.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 57], "section_span": [57, 57], "content_span": [58, 210]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075872-0001-0000", "contents": "1958 European Athletics Championships \u2013 Men's 5000 metres, Participation\nAccording to an unofficial count, 25 athletes from 16 countries participated in the event.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 57], "section_span": [59, 72], "content_span": [73, 163]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075873-0000-0000", "contents": "1958 European Athletics Championships \u2013 Men's 800 metres\nThe men's 800 metres at the 1958 European Athletics Championships was held in Stockholm, Sweden, at Stockholms Olympiastadion on 19, 20, and 21 August 1958.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 56], "section_span": [56, 56], "content_span": [57, 213]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075873-0001-0000", "contents": "1958 European Athletics Championships \u2013 Men's 800 metres, Participation\nAccording to an unofficial count, 23 athletes from 16 countries participated in the event.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 56], "section_span": [58, 71], "content_span": [72, 162]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075874-0000-0000", "contents": "1958 European Athletics Championships \u2013 Men's decathlon\nThe men's decathlon at the 1958 European Athletics Championships was held in Stockholm, Sweden, at Stockholms Olympiastadion on 20 and 21 August 1958.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 55], "section_span": [55, 55], "content_span": [56, 206]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075874-0001-0000", "contents": "1958 European Athletics Championships \u2013 Men's decathlon, Participation\nAccording to an unofficial count, 19 athletes from 13 countries participated in the event.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 55], "section_span": [57, 70], "content_span": [71, 161]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075875-0000-0000", "contents": "1958 European Athletics Championships \u2013 Men's discus throw\nThe men's discus throw at the 1958 European Athletics Championships was held in Stockholm, Sweden, at Stockholms Olympiastadion on 20 and 22 August 1958.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 58], "section_span": [58, 58], "content_span": [59, 212]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075875-0001-0000", "contents": "1958 European Athletics Championships \u2013 Men's discus throw, Participation\nAccording to an unofficial count, 21 athletes from 15 countries participated in the event.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 58], "section_span": [60, 73], "content_span": [74, 164]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075876-0000-0000", "contents": "1958 European Athletics Championships \u2013 Men's hammer throw\nThe men's hammer throw at the 1958 European Athletics Championships was held in Stockholm, Sweden, at Stockholms Olympiastadion on 19 and 21 August 1958.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 58], "section_span": [58, 58], "content_span": [59, 212]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075876-0001-0000", "contents": "1958 European Athletics Championships \u2013 Men's hammer throw, Participation\nAccording to an unofficial count, 20 athletes from 15 countries participated in the event.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 58], "section_span": [60, 73], "content_span": [74, 164]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075877-0000-0000", "contents": "1958 European Athletics Championships \u2013 Men's high jump\nThe men's high jump at the 1958 European Athletics Championships was held in Stockholm, Sweden, at Stockholms Olympiastadion on 23 and 24 August 1958.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 55], "section_span": [55, 55], "content_span": [56, 206]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075877-0001-0000", "contents": "1958 European Athletics Championships \u2013 Men's high jump, Participation\nAccording to an unofficial count, 18 athletes from 12 countries participated in the event.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 55], "section_span": [57, 70], "content_span": [71, 161]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075878-0000-0000", "contents": "1958 European Athletics Championships \u2013 Men's javelin throw\nThe men's javelin throw at the 1958 European Athletics Championships was held in Stockholm, Sweden, at Stockholms Olympiastadion on 23 and 24 August 1958.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 59], "section_span": [59, 59], "content_span": [60, 214]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075878-0001-0000", "contents": "1958 European Athletics Championships \u2013 Men's javelin throw, Participation\nAccording to an unofficial count, 19 athletes from 11 countries participated in the event.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 59], "section_span": [61, 74], "content_span": [75, 165]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075879-0000-0000", "contents": "1958 European Athletics Championships \u2013 Men's long jump\nThe men's long jump at the 1958 European Athletics Championships was held in Stockholm, Sweden, at Stockholms Olympiastadion on 19 and 20 August 1958.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 55], "section_span": [55, 55], "content_span": [56, 206]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075879-0001-0000", "contents": "1958 European Athletics Championships \u2013 Men's long jump, Participation\nAccording to an unofficial count, 21 athletes from 15 countries participated in the event.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 55], "section_span": [57, 70], "content_span": [71, 161]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075880-0000-0000", "contents": "1958 European Athletics Championships \u2013 Men's marathon\nThe men's marathon at the 1958 European Athletics Championships was held in Stockholm, Sweden, at Stockholms Olympiastadion on 24 August 1958.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 54], "section_span": [54, 54], "content_span": [55, 197]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075880-0001-0000", "contents": "1958 European Athletics Championships \u2013 Men's marathon, Participation\nAccording to an unofficial count, 25 athletes from 17 countries participated in the event.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 54], "section_span": [56, 69], "content_span": [70, 160]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075881-0000-0000", "contents": "1958 European Athletics Championships \u2013 Men's pole vault\nThe men's pole vault at the 1958 European Athletics Championships was held in Stockholm, Sweden, at Stockholms Olympiastadion on 21 and 22 August 1958.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 56], "section_span": [56, 56], "content_span": [57, 208]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075881-0001-0000", "contents": "1958 European Athletics Championships \u2013 Men's pole vault, Participation\nAccording to an unofficial count, 26 athletes from 16 countries participated in the event.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 56], "section_span": [58, 71], "content_span": [72, 162]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075882-0000-0000", "contents": "1958 European Athletics Championships \u2013 Men's shot put\nThe men's shot put at the 1958 European Athletics Championships was held in Stockholm, Sweden, at Stockholms Olympiastadion on 23 August 1958.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 54], "section_span": [54, 54], "content_span": [55, 197]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075882-0001-0000", "contents": "1958 European Athletics Championships \u2013 Men's shot put, Participation\nAccording to an unofficial count, 18 athletes from 12 countries participated in the event.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 54], "section_span": [56, 69], "content_span": [70, 160]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075883-0000-0000", "contents": "1958 European Athletics Championships \u2013 Men's triple jump\nThe men's triple jump at the 1958 European Athletics Championships was held in Stockholm, Sweden, at Stockholms Olympiastadion on 22 and 23 August 1958.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 57], "section_span": [57, 57], "content_span": [58, 210]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075883-0001-0000", "contents": "1958 European Athletics Championships \u2013 Men's triple jump, Participation\nAccording to an unofficial count, 23 athletes from 16 countries participated in the event.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 57], "section_span": [59, 72], "content_span": [73, 163]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075884-0000-0000", "contents": "1958 European Athletics Championships \u2013 Women's 100 metres\nThe women's 100 metres at the 1958 European Athletics Championships was held in Stockholm, Sweden, at Stockholms Olympiastadion on 20 and 21 August 1958.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 58], "section_span": [58, 58], "content_span": [59, 212]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075884-0001-0000", "contents": "1958 European Athletics Championships \u2013 Women's 100 metres, Participation\nAccording to an unofficial count, 27 athletes from 15 countries participated in the event.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 58], "section_span": [60, 73], "content_span": [74, 164]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075885-0000-0000", "contents": "1958 European Athletics Championships \u2013 Women's 200 metres\nThe women's 200 metres at the 1958 European Athletics Championships was held in Stockholm, Sweden, at Stockholms Olympiastadion on 22 and 23 August 1958.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 58], "section_span": [58, 58], "content_span": [59, 212]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075885-0001-0000", "contents": "1958 European Athletics Championships \u2013 Women's 200 metres, Participation\nAccording to an unofficial count, 26 athletes from 15 countries participated in the event.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 58], "section_span": [60, 73], "content_span": [74, 164]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075886-0000-0000", "contents": "1958 European Athletics Championships \u2013 Women's 4 \u00d7 100 metres relay\nThe women's 4 x 100 metres relay at the 1958 European Athletics Championships was held in Stockholm, Sweden, at Stockholms Olympiastadion on 23 and 24 August 1958.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 68], "section_span": [68, 68], "content_span": [69, 232]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075886-0001-0000", "contents": "1958 European Athletics Championships \u2013 Women's 4 \u00d7 100 metres relay, Participation\nAccording to an unofficial count, 36 athletes from 9 countries participated in the event.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 68], "section_span": [70, 83], "content_span": [84, 173]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075887-0000-0000", "contents": "1958 European Athletics Championships \u2013 Women's 400 metres\nThe women's 400 metres at the 1958 European Athletics Championships was held in Stockholm, Sweden, at Stockholms Olympiastadion on 19 and 21 August 1958.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 58], "section_span": [58, 58], "content_span": [59, 212]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075887-0001-0000", "contents": "1958 European Athletics Championships \u2013 Women's 400 metres, Participation\nAccording to an unofficial count, 12 athletes from 8 countries participated in the event.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 58], "section_span": [60, 73], "content_span": [74, 163]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075888-0000-0000", "contents": "1958 European Athletics Championships \u2013 Women's 80 metres hurdles\nThe women's 80 metres hurdles at the 1958 European Athletics Championships was held in Stockholm, Sweden, at Stockholms Olympiastadion on 20, 21, and 22 August 1958.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 65], "section_span": [65, 65], "content_span": [66, 231]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075888-0001-0000", "contents": "1958 European Athletics Championships \u2013 Women's 80 metres hurdles, Participation\nAccording to an unofficial count, 14 athletes from 11 countries participated in the event.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 65], "section_span": [67, 80], "content_span": [81, 171]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075889-0000-0000", "contents": "1958 European Athletics Championships \u2013 Women's 800 metres\nThe women's 800 metres at the 1958 European Athletics Championships was held in Stockholm, Sweden, at Stockholms Olympiastadion on 22 and 24 August 1958.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 58], "section_span": [58, 58], "content_span": [59, 212]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075889-0001-0000", "contents": "1958 European Athletics Championships \u2013 Women's 800 metres, Participation\nAccording to an unofficial count, 19 athletes from 11 countries participated in the event.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 58], "section_span": [60, 73], "content_span": [74, 164]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075890-0000-0000", "contents": "1958 European Athletics Championships \u2013 Women's discus throw\nThe women's discus throw at the 1958 European Athletics Championships was held in Stockholm, Sweden, at Stockholms Olympiastadion on 20 and 22 August 1958.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 60], "section_span": [60, 60], "content_span": [61, 216]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075890-0001-0000", "contents": "1958 European Athletics Championships \u2013 Women's discus throw, Participation\nAccording to an unofficial count, 18 athletes from 13 countries participated in the event.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 60], "section_span": [62, 75], "content_span": [76, 166]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075891-0000-0000", "contents": "1958 European Athletics Championships \u2013 Women's high jump\nThe women's high jump at the 1958 European Athletics Championships was held in Stockholm, Sweden, at Stockholms Olympiastadion on 21 August 1958.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 57], "section_span": [57, 57], "content_span": [58, 203]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075891-0001-0000", "contents": "1958 European Athletics Championships \u2013 Women's high jump, Participation\nAccording to an unofficial count, 11 athletes from 8 countries participated in the event.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 57], "section_span": [59, 72], "content_span": [73, 162]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075892-0000-0000", "contents": "1958 European Athletics Championships \u2013 Women's javelin throw\nThe women's javelin throw at the 1958 European Athletics Championships was held in Stockholm, Sweden, at Stockholms Olympiastadion on 19 August 1958.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 61], "section_span": [61, 61], "content_span": [62, 211]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075892-0001-0000", "contents": "1958 European Athletics Championships \u2013 Women's javelin throw, Participation\nAccording to an unofficial count, 16 athletes from 10 countries participated in the event.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 61], "section_span": [63, 76], "content_span": [77, 167]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075893-0000-0000", "contents": "1958 European Athletics Championships \u2013 Women's long jump\nThe women's long jump at the 1958 European Athletics Championships was held in Stockholm, Sweden, at Stockholms Olympiastadion on 21 and 22 August 1958.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 57], "section_span": [57, 57], "content_span": [58, 210]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075893-0001-0000", "contents": "1958 European Athletics Championships \u2013 Women's long jump, Participation\nAccording to an unofficial count, 16 athletes from 8 countries participated in the event.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 57], "section_span": [59, 72], "content_span": [73, 162]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075894-0000-0000", "contents": "1958 European Athletics Championships \u2013 Women's pentathlon\nThe women's pentathlon at the 1958 European Athletics Championships was held in Stockholm, Sweden, at Stockholms Olympiastadion on 21 August 1958.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 58], "section_span": [58, 58], "content_span": [59, 205]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075894-0001-0000", "contents": "1958 European Athletics Championships \u2013 Women's pentathlon, Participation\nAccording to an unofficial count, 22 athletes from 13 countries participated in the event.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 58], "section_span": [60, 73], "content_span": [74, 164]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075895-0000-0000", "contents": "1958 European Athletics Championships \u2013 Women's shot put\nThe women's shot put at the 1958 European Athletics Championships was held in Stockholm, Sweden, at Stockholms Olympiastadion on 23 August 1958.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 56], "section_span": [56, 56], "content_span": [57, 201]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075895-0001-0000", "contents": "1958 European Athletics Championships \u2013 Women's shot put, Participation\nAccording to an unofficial count, 12 athletes from 10 countries participated in the event.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 56], "section_span": [58, 71], "content_span": [72, 162]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075896-0000-0000", "contents": "1958 European Baseball Championship\nThe 1958 European Baseball Championship was held in the Netherlands and was won by the Netherlands for the third year in a row. Italy finished as runner-up.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [35, 35], "content_span": [36, 192]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075897-0000-0000", "contents": "1958 European Cup Final\nThe 1958 European Cup Final was a football match which took place at Heysel Stadium in Brussels, Belgium on 28 May 1958. It was contested by Real Madrid of Spain and Milan of Italy. Real Madrid won 3\u20132 after extra time to claim their third European Cup in a row.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [23, 23], "content_span": [24, 286]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075897-0001-0000", "contents": "1958 European Cup Final\nAfter the match, the Real Madrid players were presented with their winners' medals by a 23-year-old Albert II of Belgium.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [23, 23], "content_span": [24, 145]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075898-0000-0000", "contents": "1958 European Figure Skating Championships\nThe 1958 European Figure Skating Championships were held in Bratislava, Czechoslovakia. Elite senior-level figure skaters from European ISU member nations competed for the title of European Champion in the disciplines of men's singles, ladies' singles, pair skating, and ice dancing.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 42], "section_span": [42, 42], "content_span": [43, 326]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075899-0000-0000", "contents": "1958 European Rowing Championships\nThe 1958 European Rowing Championships were rowing championships held on Lake Malta in the city of Pozna\u0144 in Poland. Men competed in all seven Olympic boat classes (M1x, M2x, M2-, M2+, M4-, M4+, M8+), and women entered in five boat classes (W1x, W2x, W4x+, W4+, W8+).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [34, 34], "content_span": [35, 302]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075900-0000-0000", "contents": "1958 European Shotgun Championships\nThe 1958 European Shotgun Championships was the 3rd edition of the global shotgun competition, European Shotgun Championships, organised by the International Shooting Sport Federation.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [35, 35], "content_span": [36, 220]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075901-0000-0000", "contents": "1958 FA Charity Shield\nThe 1958 FA Charity Shield was the 36th FA Charity Shield, a football match between the winners of the previous season's First Division and FA Cup titles. This year's match was contested by league champions Wolverhampton Wanderers and FA Cup winners Bolton Wanderers.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [22, 22], "content_span": [23, 290]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075901-0001-0000", "contents": "1958 FA Charity Shield\nThe match was staged at Bolton's home ground, Burnden Park. The hosts won the game 4\u20131, giving them their only Shield win.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [22, 22], "content_span": [23, 145]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075902-0000-0000", "contents": "1958 FA Cup Final\nThe 1958 FA Cup Final was contested on 3 May 1958 by Bolton Wanderers and Manchester United at Wembley Stadium, London, in front of a crowd of almost 100,000. The referee was J. Sherlock. Bolton won 2\u20130, with a double by Nat Lofthouse, who scored the goals in the 3rd and 55th minutes. United, who had lost the previous final to Aston Villa, had been decimated three months earlier in the Munich air disaster, and fielded only four crash survivors, along with several newcomers. Just two players featured in the United side from the previous year's final; six of them were among the dead (along with two others who had not played), two were injured to such an extent that they never played again, while another had not yet fully recovered from his injuries.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [17, 17], "content_span": [18, 775]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075902-0001-0000", "contents": "1958 FA Cup Final\nThe second Bolton goal was a source of considerable controversy as it resulted from the Manchester United goalkeeper Harry Gregg being bundled over the goal line by Lofthouse. Goalkeepers were, at that time, much less protected from physical contact with opponents. The resulting debate was one of the high-profile incidents that led eventually to the situation that prevails nowadays where no contact with the opposing goalkeeper is permitted.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [17, 17], "content_span": [18, 462]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075902-0002-0000", "contents": "1958 FA Cup Final\nNot one of Bolton's 11 players in the cup-winning team cost the club a transfer fee. Five of them were full internationals. For Nat Lofthouse and Doug Holden who played in the Matthews Final five years earlier, which Bolton had dramatically lost to Blackpool it was redemption.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [17, 17], "content_span": [18, 295]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075903-0000-0000", "contents": "1958 FAI Cup Final\nThe 1958 FAI Cup Final was the final match of the 1957\u201358 FAI Cup, a knock-out association football competition contested annually by clubs affiliated with the Football Association of Ireland. It took place on Sunday 20 April 1958 at Dalymount Park in Dublin, and was contested by Dundalk and Shamrock Rovers. Dundalk won 1\u20130 to win their fourth FAI Cup.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 18], "section_span": [18, 18], "content_span": [19, 373]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075903-0001-0000", "contents": "1958 FAI Cup Final, Background\nThe two sides' four previous meetings that season had seen two heavy defeats for Dundalk, followed by two victories. Shamrock Rovers had finished as runners-up in the 1957\u201358 League of Ireland, and had already won that season's Shield, Dublin City Cup and Leinster Senior Cup. Rovers were already dominating the Cup's \"roll of honour\", having won 13 finals to that point \u2013 most recently two years earlier. On their way to the final they had defeated non-League Chapelizod (4\u20131), Sligo Rovers (3\u20132 in a replay), and St Patrick's Athletic (1\u20130).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 18], "section_span": [20, 30], "content_span": [31, 574]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075903-0002-0000", "contents": "1958 FAI Cup Final, Background\nDundalk had finished eighth in the League and seventh in the Shield, during what was a lean time in the club's history. They were playing in their seventh FAI Cup final, having won the previous three - most recently in 1952, which was also the last time they had won a trophy to that point. To reach the final they had defeated Cork Hibernians (1\u20130), Limerick in the next round (3\u20130 in a replay following a 0\u20130 draw), and Shelbourne in the semi-final (1\u20130).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 18], "section_span": [20, 30], "content_span": [31, 488]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075903-0003-0000", "contents": "1958 FAI Cup Final, Match, Summary\nShamrock Rovers were heavy favourites heading into the final, although some pundits felt Dundalk's recent victories had unsettled Rovers, and noted how Dundalk had belied their poor league form by making their way to the final without conceding a goal in any of the previous rounds. The match itself was evenly contested, although Rovers hit the woodwork once in each half. But they looked vulnerable from long balls up the middle of the pitch, and it was from one of these that inside-right Hubie Gannon benefited.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 18], "section_span": [20, 34], "content_span": [35, 550]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075903-0003-0001", "contents": "1958 FAI Cup Final, Match, Summary\nThe former Rovers player raced between the two Rovers centre backs and reached the ball before the advancing Rovers keeper, Christy O'Callaghan, to head home. Within minutes Rovers won a penalty, but Liam Hennessy missed the spot-kick, and the Rovers challenge faded. The surprise outcome of the match was summed up by the Irish Press headline, \"The team that did not have an earthly chance wins the F.A.I. Cup Final\". In the process of scoring what turned out to be the winner, Gannon broke his jaw and missed the celebrations, having to spend a week in hospital.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 18], "section_span": [20, 34], "content_span": [35, 599]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075904-0000-0000", "contents": "1958 FAMAS Awards\nThe 6th Filipino Academy of Movie Arts and Sciences Awards Night was held on March 15, 1958, at Fiesta Pavilion of the historical Manila Hotel. This is for the Outstanding Achievements in films for the year 1957.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [17, 17], "content_span": [18, 230]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075904-0001-0000", "contents": "1958 FAMAS Awards\nKalibre .45 a film directed by Cesar Gallardo under Premiere Productions was the most nominated (8 nominations) and the most awarded  (5 wins) film of FAMAS 1958  including the FAMAS Award for Best Picture.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [17, 17], "content_span": [18, 224]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075905-0000-0000", "contents": "1958 FIBA European Champions Cup\nThe 1958 FIBA European Champions Cup was the inaugural season of the European top-tier level professional basketball club competition FIBA European Champions Cup (now called EuroLeague). It was won by R\u012bgas ASK, after they won both EuroLeague Finals games against Academic. Previously, they had not played the semifinals, as Real Madrid was not allowed to travel to Soviet Riga by the Francoist authorities. The first game was held on February 22, 1958, in Brussels, Belgium, where Belgian League champion Royal IV, defeated the Luxembourger League champions, Etzella Ettelbruck, by a score of 82\u201343. The most notable contributors to Riga's first title included center J\u0101nis Kr\u016bmi\u0146\u0161 and head coach Alexander Gomelsky.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [32, 32], "content_span": [33, 750]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075905-0001-0000", "contents": "1958 FIBA European Champions Cup, Competition system\n23 teams. European national domestic league champions only, playing in a tournament system. The Finals were a two-game home and away aggregate.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 52], "content_span": [53, 196]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075905-0002-0000", "contents": "1958 FIBA European Champions Cup, Preliminary round, Group B (Central Europe), Second round\nThe winners of the three pairs in Group B played against each other, in a tournament held in Milan, in order to determine the two clubs that would progress to the Quarterfinals", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 91], "content_span": [92, 268]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075905-0003-0000", "contents": "1958 FIBA European Champions Cup, Quarterfinals\n*The result of the game between the two clubs in the tournament of the 1st Round's Group B was used as a result for the 1st leg.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 47], "content_span": [48, 176]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075905-0004-0000", "contents": "1958 FIBA European Champions Cup, Semifinals\n*Real Madrid withdrew as they were not allowed to travel to the Soviet Union.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 44], "content_span": [45, 122]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075906-0000-0000", "contents": "1958 FIFA World Cup\nThe 1958 FIFA World Cup was the sixth FIFA World Cup, a quadrennial football tournament for men's senior national teams, and was played in Sweden from 8 to 29 June 1958. It was the first FIFA World Cup to be played in a Nordic country. Brazil beat Sweden 5\u20132 in the final in the Stockholm suburb of Solna to claim their first title. The tournament also marked the arrival of a then 17-year-old Pel\u00e9 on the world stage.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [19, 19], "content_span": [20, 438]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075906-0001-0000", "contents": "1958 FIFA World Cup, Host selection\nArgentina, Chile, Mexico, and Sweden expressed interest in hosting the tournament. Swedish delegates lobbied other countries at the FIFA Congress held in Rio de Janeiro around the opening of the 1950 World Cup finals. Sweden was awarded the 1958 tournament unopposed on 23 June 1950.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [21, 35], "content_span": [36, 319]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075906-0002-0000", "contents": "1958 FIFA World Cup, Qualification\nThe hosts (Sweden) and the defending champions (West Germany) qualified automatically. Of the remaining 14 places, nine were allocated to Europe, three to South America, one to North/Central America, and one to Asia/Africa.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [21, 34], "content_span": [35, 258]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075906-0003-0000", "contents": "1958 FIFA World Cup, Qualification\nAside from the main European zone matches, Wales, which finished second in its group behind Czechoslovakia, was drawn into a play-off with Israel after Israel won its group by default because its three opponents, Turkey, Indonesia and Sudan, refused to play. FIFA had imposed a rule that no team would qualify without playing at least one match, something that had happened in several previous World Cups. Wales won the play-off and qualified for the first time. With Northern Ireland making its debut, and England and Scotland also qualifying, this World Cup was the only one to feature all four of the United Kingdom's Home Nations.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [21, 34], "content_span": [35, 669]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075906-0004-0000", "contents": "1958 FIFA World Cup, Qualification\nThis World Cup also saw the entry and qualification of the Soviet Union for the first time, while Argentina appeared for the first time since 1934. Until 2018, this FIFA World Cup was the only one for which Italy failed to qualify (Italy did not take part in the 1930 tournament but there was no qualification for that competition). Other teams that failed to qualify included two-time champions and 1954 semifinalists Uruguay, as well as Spain and Belgium.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [21, 34], "content_span": [35, 492]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075906-0005-0000", "contents": "1958 FIFA World Cup, Qualification\nOn 8 February 1958, in Solna, Lennart Hyland and Sven Jerring presented the results of the draw where the qualified teams were divided into four groups. Seeding was geographical rather than by team strength, with each group containing one western European team, one eastern European team, one of the four British teams that had qualified, and one from the Americas.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [21, 34], "content_span": [35, 400]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075906-0006-0000", "contents": "1958 FIFA World Cup, Format\nThe format of the competition changed from 1954: 16 teams still competed in four groups of four, but this time each team played each of the other teams in its group at least once, without extra time in the event of a draw. Two points were awarded for a win and one point for a draw. If the first two teams finished on equal points then goal average would decide who was placed first and second.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [21, 27], "content_span": [28, 422]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075906-0006-0001", "contents": "1958 FIFA World Cup, Format\nAs in 1954, if the second and third placed teams finished on the same points, then there would be a play-off with the winner going through. If a play-off resulted in a draw, goal average from the group games would be used to determine who went through to the next round. If the goal averages were equal then lots would have been drawn. These arrangements had not been finalised by the time the tournament started and were still being debated as it progressed.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [21, 27], "content_span": [28, 487]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075906-0006-0002", "contents": "1958 FIFA World Cup, Format\nSome teams complained that a play-off match, meaning three games in five days, was too much, and before the second round of group matches FIFA informed the teams that goal average would be used before resorting to a play-off. This was overturned when the Swedish Football Association complained, ostensibly that it was wrong to change the rules mid-tournament, but also because it wanted the extra revenue from playoff matches.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [21, 27], "content_span": [28, 455]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075906-0007-0000", "contents": "1958 FIFA World Cup, Format\nThis was the first time that goal average was available to separate teams in a World Cup. It was used to separate the teams finishing first and second in one of the groups. However, all three playoffs finished with decisive results and so it was not needed to separate the teams involved in a tied playoff.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [21, 27], "content_span": [28, 334]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075906-0008-0000", "contents": "1958 FIFA World Cup, Format\nAlmost all the matches kicked off simultaneously in each of the three rounds of the group phase, as did the quarter-finals and semi-finals. The exceptions were Sweden's three group matches, all of which were televised by Sveriges Radio; these started at other times so Swedes could attend other matches without missing their own team's. Apart from these, one match per round was televised, and relayed across Europe by the European Broadcasting Union (EBU). Many Swedes bought their first television for the World Cup.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [21, 27], "content_span": [28, 546]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075906-0009-0000", "contents": "1958 FIFA World Cup, Format\nThe official ball was the \"Top-Star VMbollen 1958\" model made by Sydsvenska L\u00e4der & Remfabriks AB (aka \"Remmen\" or \"Sydl\u00e4der\") in \u00c4ngelholm. It was chosen from 102 candidates in a blind test by four FIFA officials.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [21, 27], "content_span": [28, 242]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075906-0010-0000", "contents": "1958 FIFA World Cup, Summary\nIn Group 4, Pel\u00e9 did not play until the last of Brazil's group games, against the Soviet Union. He failed to score, but Brazil won the game 2\u20130 (much thanks to an impressive exhibition of dribbling prowess by his partner Garrincha) and the group by two points. Previously, they had drawn 0\u20130 with England in what was the first ever goalless game in World Cup history. Eventually, the Soviet Union and England went to a playoff game, in which Anatoli Ilyin scored in the 67th minute to knock England out, while Austria had already been eliminated. The English side had been weakened by the Munich air disaster earlier in the year, which killed three internationals on the books of Manchester United, including England's young star Duncan Edwards.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [21, 28], "content_span": [29, 774]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075906-0011-0000", "contents": "1958 FIFA World Cup, Summary\nPlayoffs were also needed in Group 1 (Northern Ireland beat Czechoslovakia to join the defending champions West Germany in the quarter-finals) and Group 3 (Wales topped Hungary to advance with hosts Sweden). Hungary had become a spent force after their appearance in the final of the previous tournament. They had lost their best players two years before, when they fled in the wake of the failed uprising against the communist regime. In a rather restrictive sense, from the 1954 team, only goalkeeper Gyula Grosics, defender Jozsef Bozsik and forward N\u00e1ndor Hidegkuti remained.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [21, 28], "content_span": [29, 608]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075906-0012-0000", "contents": "1958 FIFA World Cup, Summary\nIn Group 2, Scotland faced Yugoslavia, Paraguay, and France. France topped the group, with Just Fontaine netting six goals. Yugoslavia finished second, while Scotland came in last.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [21, 28], "content_span": [29, 209]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075906-0013-0000", "contents": "1958 FIFA World Cup, Summary\nThe quarter-finals saw France's Just Fontaine continue in similar form as in the group stage, managing another two goals as France triumphed over Northern Ireland. West Germany's Helmut Rahn put them into the semi-finals with a single goal against Yugoslavia, while Sweden went through at the expense of USSR. The other game in the quarter-finals saw Pel\u00e9 score the only goal against Wales.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [21, 28], "content_span": [29, 419]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075906-0014-0000", "contents": "1958 FIFA World Cup, Summary\nIn the semi-finals, Sweden continued their strong run as they defeated West Germany 3\u20131 in a vicious game that saw the German player Erich Juskowiak sent off (the first ever German player to be sent off in an international game) and German veteran forward Fritz Walter injured, which further weakened the German team (substitutes were first allowed in the 1970 FIFA World Cup).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [21, 28], "content_span": [29, 406]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075906-0015-0000", "contents": "1958 FIFA World Cup, Summary\nIn the other semi-final, Brazil and France were tied 1-1 for much of the first half. However, 36 minutes into the game French captain and most experienced defender Robert Jonquet suffered broken leg in a clash with Vav\u00e1, and France was down to ten men for the rest of the game (substitutions were not allowed back then). Brazil dominated the rest of the match, as a Pel\u00e9 hat-trick gave them a 5\u20132 victory. Fontaine of France added one goal to his impressive tally.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [21, 28], "content_span": [29, 493]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075906-0016-0000", "contents": "1958 FIFA World Cup, Summary\nThe third place match saw Fontaine score four more goals as France defeated West Germany 6\u20133. This brought his total to 13 goals in one competition, a record that still stands.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [21, 28], "content_span": [29, 205]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075906-0017-0000", "contents": "1958 FIFA World Cup, Summary, Final\nThe final was played in Solna, in the R\u00e5sunda Stadium; 50,000 people watched as the Brazilians went a goal down after four minutes. However Vav\u00e1 equalised shortly afterwards and then put them a goal ahead before half time. In the second half, Pel\u00e9 outshone everyone, notching two goals, including the first one where he lobbed the ball over Bengt Gustavsson then followed it with a precise volley shot. Zagallo added a goal in between, and Sweden managed a consolation goal.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [21, 35], "content_span": [36, 510]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075906-0018-0000", "contents": "1958 FIFA World Cup, Summary, Final\nThe Final saw many records made in World Cup history that still stand as of 2018. At age 17, Pel\u00e9 simultaneously became the youngest player to participate in, score, and win a World Cup final. Conversely, Nils Liedholm became the oldest player to score in a World Cup Final at 35 years 263 days. This final had the highest number of goals scored by a winning team (5), the highest number of total goals scored (7), and together with the 1970 and 1998 finals shares the highest goal margin of difference (3); Brazil played in all those three finals.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [21, 35], "content_span": [36, 584]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075906-0019-0000", "contents": "1958 FIFA World Cup, Summary, Final\nThe game is also notable for many firsts in FIFA World Cup. With the exception of the 1950 FIFA World Cup final group stage, this marked the first time that a World Cup host reached the final without winning it. Additionally, the match marked the first time two nations from different continents (Europe and South America) met in a World Cup final.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [21, 35], "content_span": [36, 384]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075906-0019-0001", "contents": "1958 FIFA World Cup, Summary, Final\nIt also marks the first and only World Cup hosted in Europe not won by a European team; a feat mirrored in 2014 where a World Cup hosted in the Americas was not won by a team from the Americas for the first time, with Germany beating Argentina 1\u20130 at the final.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [21, 35], "content_span": [36, 297]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075906-0020-0000", "contents": "1958 FIFA World Cup, Venues\nA total of twelve cities throughout the central and southern parts of Sweden hosted the tournament. FIFA regulations required at least six stadiums to have a capacity of at least 20,000. If Denmark had qualified, the organisers had planned to use the Idr\u00e6tsparken in Copenhagen for Denmark's group matches. The Idr\u00e6tsparken was renovated in 1956 with this in mind, but Denmark lost out to England in qualification. When doubts arose about whether funding would be forthcoming for rebuilding the Ullevi and Malm\u00f6 Stadion, the organisers considered stadiums in Copenhagen and Oslo as contingency measures.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [21, 27], "content_span": [28, 631]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075906-0021-0000", "contents": "1958 FIFA World Cup, Venues\nThe Rasunda Stadium was expanded from 38,000 for the World Cup by building end stands. Organising committee chairman Holger Berg\u00e9rus mortgaged his house to pay for this. The new Malm\u00f6 Stadion was built for the World Cup, replacing the 1896 Malm\u00f6 Stadion at a new site The Idrottsparken had 4,709 seats added for the World Cup. The Social Democratic municipal government refused to pay for this until the organisers threatened to select Folkungavallen in Link\u00f6ping instead. At the Rimnersvallen, a stand from the smaller Oddevallen stadium was moved to Rimnersvallen for the World Cup.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [21, 27], "content_span": [28, 612]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075906-0021-0001", "contents": "1958 FIFA World Cup, Venues\nThe crowd at Brazil v. Austria was estimated at 21,000, with more looking in from the adjoining hillside. The most used stadium was the R\u00e5sunda Stadium in Stockholm, which hosted 8 matches including the final, followed by the Ullevi Stadium in Gothenburg (the biggest stadium used during the tournament), which hosted 7 matches. The Malm\u00f6 Stadium hosted 4 matches, Norrk\u00f6ping hosted 3 matches; Halmstad, Helsingborg, V\u00e4ster\u00e5s and Sandviken hosted 2 matches each and \u00d6rebro, Eskilstuna and Uddevalla each hosted 1 match.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [21, 27], "content_span": [28, 547]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075906-0022-0000", "contents": "1958 FIFA World Cup, Match officials\n22 match officials were assigned to the tournament to serve as referees and assistant referees.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [21, 36], "content_span": [37, 132]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075906-0023-0000", "contents": "1958 FIFA World Cup, Seeding\nThe geographical basis of the seeding attracted criticism, especially from Austria, who were drawn against the teams considered strongest in each of the other three pots.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [21, 28], "content_span": [29, 199]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075906-0024-0000", "contents": "1958 FIFA World Cup, Squads\nFor a list of all squads that appeared in the final tournament, see 1958 FIFA World Cup squads.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [21, 27], "content_span": [28, 123]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075906-0025-0000", "contents": "1958 FIFA World Cup, Group stage, Group 1\nThe West Germans, surprise world champions four years before, were still very strong, and fielded an exciting young forward in Uwe Seeler. The Germans had to contend with a real powerhouse in Argentina's team, competing for the first time since 1934. In fact, some experts thought Argentina had a very realistic chance of reaching the semi finals or even winning the World Cup this time. Czechoslovakia was a fairly strong team with a rich football tradition, and was considered to be no walk-over for the West Germans or the Argentinians.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [21, 41], "content_span": [42, 581]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075906-0026-0000", "contents": "1958 FIFA World Cup, Group stage, Group 1\nNobody expected much from tiny newcomers Northern Ireland. But the Northern Irish had already shown that they could be a danger by knocking out double world champions Italy in World Cup qualifying. In the end, the Northern Irish pulled off one of the biggest upsets in World Cup Finals history by qualifying for the quarter-finals, beating Czechoslovakia in a play-off.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [21, 41], "content_span": [42, 411]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075906-0027-0000", "contents": "1958 FIFA World Cup, Group stage, Group 1\nArgentina experienced a horrible blow finishing last in the group with a \u22125 goal differential. Arriving home, the Argentinian team met the wrath of several thousand angry football fans at Ezeiza Airport in Buenos Aires.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [21, 41], "content_span": [42, 261]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075906-0028-0000", "contents": "1958 FIFA World Cup, Group stage, Group 2\nThe second group saw the largest number of goals scored in a single group in the 1958 World Cup with 31 goals in total (~5.16 goals per game). Just Fontaine of France scored 6 of his 13 goals in the tournament, making him the tournament's top scorer going into the quarter-finals.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [21, 41], "content_span": [42, 322]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075906-0029-0000", "contents": "1958 FIFA World Cup, Group stage, Group 2\nNone of the teams in this group had been particularly successful at previous World Cups. France, despite having hosted the 1938 event, had not achieved any real World Cup success, Yugoslavia had not been able to replicate their semi-final success of 1930 and Paraguay and Scotland were considered underdogs during the tournament.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [21, 41], "content_span": [42, 371]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075906-0030-0000", "contents": "1958 FIFA World Cup, Group stage, Group 2\nFrance won the group ahead of Yugoslavia and would go on to finish third.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [21, 41], "content_span": [42, 115]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075906-0031-0000", "contents": "1958 FIFA World Cup, Group stage, Group 3\nThe Swedish hosts could count themselves lucky in ending up in a rather weak group which they proceeded to win fairly easily with their powerful workmanlike football. The group included Hungary which had been considered by far the best team in the world some years ago \u2013 although the Hungarians could not beat West Germany in the final of the World Cup in 1954. But the Hungarian team had been dealt a blow by the Hungarian Revolution of 1956 after which star players like S\u00e1ndor Kocsis and Ferenc Pusk\u00e1s left their homeland. Striker N\u00e1ndor Hidegkuti was still playing, but he was by now 36 years old and nowhere near his previous form.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [21, 41], "content_span": [42, 678]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075906-0032-0000", "contents": "1958 FIFA World Cup, Group stage, Group 3\nIn spite of Hungary's recent travails, they were still considered a strong side and everyone expected the Hungarian players to advance from their group. The success of Wales therefore was a great surprise but the Welsh managed to draw all the group games and then beat the once-mighty Hungarians in a play-off match to decide which nation should follow Sweden into the knock-out stage. Had goal difference been the decider, Hungary would have gone through as the Hungarians had a goal ratio of 6\u20133 compared to 2\u20132 of Wales. As it was, Wales had the honour of meeting Brazil in the quarterfinals and becoming the recipient of young Pel\u00e9's first World Cup goal.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [21, 41], "content_span": [42, 701]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075906-0033-0000", "contents": "1958 FIFA World Cup, Group stage, Group 3\nThe 1\u20131 draw between Wales and Mexico was the first point scored by Mexico in a World Cup, having lost all eight matches in their previous three appearances in the World Cup, as well as their first match in this group against Sweden. To date, no other team has ever lost nine consecutive games in the World Cup.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [21, 41], "content_span": [42, 353]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075906-0034-0000", "contents": "1958 FIFA World Cup, Group stage, Group 3\nThe match between Hungary and Wales in Sandviken became the northernmost World Cup match in history.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [21, 41], "content_span": [42, 142]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075906-0035-0000", "contents": "1958 FIFA World Cup, Group stage, Group 4\nNotwithstanding the disappointments of the previous tournaments, Brazil were considered extremely powerful, as would indeed prove to be the case. The Soviet Union were the reigning Olympic champion and Austria had won the bronze medal in the 1954 World Cup in Switzerland, four years earlier. And although England, weakened by the loss of several players at the Munich air disaster, were not considered at their very best, they were still always a formidable team.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [21, 41], "content_span": [42, 506]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075906-0036-0000", "contents": "1958 FIFA World Cup, Group stage, Group 4\nIn the end, this group had the highest average attendance (31,320 per game), even higher than Group 3 with the host nation, Sweden.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [21, 41], "content_span": [42, 173]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075906-0037-0000", "contents": "1958 FIFA World Cup, Group stage, Group 4\nThe quality of the football in this group did not quite live up to expectations, however. Only 15 goals were scored in the whole group, fewer than in any of the other groups. And when England and Brazil drew 0\u20130, it was the first time in World Cup history that a game ended goalless. It was also the first time Brazil had failed to score in a World Cup finals match.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [21, 41], "content_span": [42, 408]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075906-0038-0000", "contents": "1958 FIFA World Cup, Group stage, Group 4\nBrazil won the group without conceding a single goal. The teenage Pel\u00e9 played Brazil's last game against the Soviet Union. He did not score but drew wild reviews for his play. The Soviet Union, in their first World Cup, took second place.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [21, 41], "content_span": [42, 280]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075906-0039-0000", "contents": "1958 FIFA World Cup, Goalscorers\nWith 13 goals, Just Fontaine was the top scorer in the tournament. As of 2018, no player has ever scored more goals in a single FIFA World Cup Final stage. In total, 126 goals were scored by 60 players, with none of them credited as own goal.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [21, 32], "content_span": [33, 275]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075906-0040-0000", "contents": "1958 FIFA World Cup, All-Star Team\nThe team of the tournament voted by journalists was as follows:", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [21, 34], "content_span": [35, 98]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075906-0041-0000", "contents": "1958 FIFA World Cup, All-Star Team\nAlthough Just Fontaine got more votes than any other forward, they were split between the left and right inside forward positions. The All-Star Team scored 12 goals in total. Fontaine scored 13.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [21, 34], "content_span": [35, 229]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075906-0042-0000", "contents": "1958 FIFA World Cup, FIFA retrospective ranking\nIn 1986, FIFA published a report that ranked all teams in each World Cup up to and including 1986, based on progress in the competition, overall results and quality of the opposition. The rankings for the 1958 tournament were as follows:", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [21, 47], "content_span": [48, 285]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075906-0043-0000", "contents": "1958 FIFA World Cup, In popular culture\nThe 1958 FIFA World Cup is depicted in the 2016 American film Pel\u00e9: Birth of a Legend which is centered around Pel\u00e9 and the Brazilian team's journey to winning the 1958 FIFA World Cup.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [21, 39], "content_span": [40, 224]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075907-0000-0000", "contents": "1958 FIFA World Cup Final\nThe 1958 FIFA World Cup Final took place in R\u00e5sunda Stadium, Solna (near Stockholm), Sweden on 29 June 1958 to determine the champion of the 1958 FIFA World Cup. Brazil won the World Cup by defeating Sweden, the host country, and thus won their first World Cup title.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [25, 25], "content_span": [26, 293]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075907-0001-0000", "contents": "1958 FIFA World Cup Final\nThe 1958 final holds the record for most goals scored in a World Cup Final, and it shares the record for the greatest winning margin (with the 1970 and 1998 tournaments). The records for both the youngest and oldest goalscorer in a World Cup final were set in this match; by Pel\u00e9 (17 years and 249 days) and Nils Liedholm (35 years, 263 days) respectively. The final also marked several firsts: It was the first final to be disputed between a European team and a team from the Americas.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [25, 25], "content_span": [26, 512]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075907-0001-0001", "contents": "1958 FIFA World Cup Final\nSweden became the first, and so far, only host to lose a World Cup Final (the Maracanazo of 1950 was the final match of the tournament, but was not a 'Final'). Their loss also meant that for the first time a World Cup staged in Europe was not won by a European nation.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [25, 25], "content_span": [26, 294]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075907-0002-0000", "contents": "1958 FIFA World Cup Final, Match, Background\nSince both teams wore a yellow kit as their first choice, a draw was arranged in order to decide which team would use its regular strip. Brazil boycotted the draw, thus making Sweden winner, and forcing Brazil to find another color to wear. Initially, Brazil was going to wear white, but this idea was rejected when the players were visibly frightened by the idea, recalling their loss in 1950. Eventually the staff went on to buy 22 blue t-shirts and sewed the Brazilian emblem.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [27, 44], "content_span": [45, 524]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075907-0003-0000", "contents": "1958 FIFA World Cup Final, Match, Summary\nSweden took the lead after only 4 minutes after an excellent finish by captain Nils Liedholm. The lead didn't last long however as Vav\u00e1 equalised just 5 minutes later. On 32 minutes, Vav\u00e1 scored a similar goal to his first to give Brazil a lead 2\u20131 at the break. 10 minutes into the second half, Brazil went further in front thanks to a brilliant goal scored by Pel\u00e9. He took control of the ball inside the penalty area, chipped the ball over the defender then smashed it past a helpless Kalle Svensson. Halfway through the second half Brazil went 4-1 up with a goal scored by M\u00e1rio Zagallo. Simonsson pulled one back for Sweden with 10 minutes remaining but it was far too late. Pel\u00e9 sealed the 5\u20132 victory for Brazil with a headed goal in stoppage time.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [27, 41], "content_span": [42, 797]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075908-0000-0000", "contents": "1958 FIFA World Cup Group 1\nGroup 1 of the 1958 FIFA World Cup took place from 8 to 17 June 1958. The group consisted of Argentina, Czechoslovakia, Northern Ireland, and West Germany.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [27, 27], "content_span": [28, 183]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075908-0001-0000", "contents": "1958 FIFA World Cup Group 1, Matches, Argentina vs West Germany\nArgentina forgot to bring their change strip, and borrowed the yellow shirt of host team IFK Malm\u00f6.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 63], "content_span": [64, 163]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075909-0000-0000", "contents": "1958 FIFA World Cup Group 2\nGroup 2 of the 1958 FIFA World Cup took place from 8 to 15 June 1958. The group consisted of France, Paraguay, Scotland, and Yugoslavia.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [27, 27], "content_span": [28, 164]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075910-0000-0000", "contents": "1958 FIFA World Cup Group 3\nGroup 3 of the 1958 FIFA World Cup took place from 8 to 17 June 1958. The group consisted of Hungary, Mexico, Sweden, and Wales.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [27, 27], "content_span": [28, 156]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075911-0000-0000", "contents": "1958 FIFA World Cup Group 4\nGroup 4 of the 1958 FIFA World Cup took place from 8 to 17 June 1958. The group consisted of Austria, Brazil, England, and the Soviet Union.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [27, 27], "content_span": [28, 168]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075911-0001-0000", "contents": "1958 FIFA World Cup Group 4, Matches, Brazil vs England\nThis was the first goalless draw in World Cup finals history.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 55], "content_span": [56, 117]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075912-0000-0000", "contents": "1958 FIFA World Cup knockout stage\nThe knockout stage of the 1958 FIFA World Cup was the second and final stage of the competition, following the group stage. The knockout stage began on 19 June with the quarter-finals and ended on 29 June 1958 with the final match, held at the R\u00e5sunda Stadium in Solna. The top two teams from each group (eight in total) advanced to the knockout stage to compete in a single-elimination style tournament. A third place play-off also was played between the two losing teams of the semi-finals.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [34, 34], "content_span": [35, 527]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075912-0001-0000", "contents": "1958 FIFA World Cup knockout stage\nBrazil won the final 5\u20132 against hosts Sweden for their first World Cup title.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [34, 34], "content_span": [35, 113]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075912-0002-0000", "contents": "1958 FIFA World Cup knockout stage, Qualified teams\nThe top two placed teams from each of the four groups qualified for the knockout stage.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [36, 51], "content_span": [52, 139]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075913-0000-0000", "contents": "1958 FIFA World Cup qualification\nA total of 55 teams entered the 1958 FIFA World Cup qualification rounds, competing for a total of 16 spots in the final tournament. Sweden as the hosts and West Germany, as the defending champions, qualified automatically, leaving 14 spots open for competition.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [33, 33], "content_span": [34, 296]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075913-0001-0000", "contents": "1958 FIFA World Cup qualification\nThe qualification rounds for the four previous World Cups were very confusing, with controversial rules and many withdrawals. From this tournament onwards, FIFA decided to divide the teams into several continental zones, assign a pre-determined number of places in the final tournament to each zone, and delegate the organization of the qualifying tournaments to its confederations: UEFA of Europe, CONMEBOL of South America, NAFC of North America, CCCF of Central America and Caribbean, CAF of Africa and AFC of Asia (and OFC of Oceania after it was formed later). This led to a more organized qualification process with clearer rules, but not yet withdrawal-proof.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [33, 33], "content_span": [34, 700]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075913-0002-0000", "contents": "1958 FIFA World Cup qualification\nThe 16 spots available in the 1958 World Cup would be distributed among the continental zones as follows:", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [33, 33], "content_span": [34, 139]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075913-0003-0000", "contents": "1958 FIFA World Cup qualification\nHowever, FIFA also imposed a rule that no team would qualify without playing at least one match because many teams qualified for previous World Cups without playing due to withdrawals of their opponents. Because Israel  won the African and Asian zone under this circumstance, FIFA required them to enter a play-off against a team from Europe who initially did not qualify, with the winner of this play-off qualifying. Therefore, effectively in the end, a total of 11.5 places were granted to Europe while only 0.5 places were granted to Africa and Asia.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [33, 33], "content_span": [34, 587]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075913-0004-0000", "contents": "1958 FIFA World Cup qualification\nA total of 46 teams played at least one qualifying match. A total of 89 qualifying matches were played, and 341 goals were scored (an average of 3.83 per match).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [33, 33], "content_span": [34, 195]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075913-0005-0000", "contents": "1958 FIFA World Cup qualification\nListed below are the dates and results of the qualification rounds.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [33, 33], "content_span": [34, 101]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075913-0006-0000", "contents": "1958 FIFA World Cup qualification, Europe\nThe 27 teams were divided into 9 groups, each featuring 3 teams. The teams played against each other on a home-and-away basis. The group winners would qualify.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 41], "content_span": [42, 201]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075913-0007-0000", "contents": "1958 FIFA World Cup qualification, Europe\nDenmark, East Germany, Iceland and the Soviet Union made their debuts in World Cup qualification.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 41], "content_span": [42, 139]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075913-0008-0000", "contents": "1958 FIFA World Cup qualification, Europe, UEFA Group 4\nCzechoslovakia qualified. Wales received another chance to qualify after being drawn to play against Israel in a special play-off; see CAF / AFC Final Round and Play-off.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 55], "content_span": [56, 226]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075913-0009-0000", "contents": "1958 FIFA World Cup qualification, Europe, UEFA Group 6\nPoland and USSR finished level on points, a play-off on neutral ground was played to decide who would qualify.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 55], "content_span": [56, 166]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075913-0010-0000", "contents": "1958 FIFA World Cup qualification, Europe, UEFA Group 8\nThe 15 January 1958 fixture of Italy at Northern Ireland was originally scheduled for 4 December 1957, but heavy fog in London prevented the referee (Istv\u00e1n Zsolt, manager of the Budapest Opera House) from arriving for the match in time. The fixture was postponed, but the match continued as a friendly, and ended in a 2\u20132 draw and a riot as the crowd (infuriated by the postponement and quite rough play from some Italian players) invaded the pitch. The 'friendly' match was dubbed the 'Battle of Belfast'. Danny Blanchflower, Northern Ireland captain at the time, helped save the situation by ordering his players to escort their Italian counterparts off the field while the police dealt with the crowd.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 55], "content_span": [56, 761]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075913-0011-0000", "contents": "1958 FIFA World Cup qualification, Europe, UEFA Group 8\nThis was the only time that Italy failed to qualify for the World Cup until their failure to qualify for the 2018 FIFA World Cup in Russia.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 55], "content_span": [56, 195]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075913-0012-0000", "contents": "1958 FIFA World Cup qualification, South America\nThe 9 teams were divided into 3 groups of 3 teams each. The teams played against each other on a home-and-away basis. The group winners would qualify.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 48], "content_span": [49, 199]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075913-0013-0000", "contents": "1958 FIFA World Cup qualification, North, Central America and Caribbean, CCCF / NAFC First Round, Group 2\nCosta Rica advanced to the Final Round. Territory of Cura\u00e7ao v Guatemala was not played because the Guatemalan players were not permitted to travel to the Netherlands Antilles (the Netherlands Antilles were still using the nation's former \"Cura\u00e7ao\" name). However, neither team would have been able to advance with a win regardless.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 105], "content_span": [106, 438]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075913-0014-0000", "contents": "1958 FIFA World Cup qualification, Africa and Asia\nFIFA rejected the entries of Ethiopia and South Korea. The remaining 10 teams played in a knockout tournament, with matches on a home-and-away basis. The tournament winner would qualify.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 50], "content_span": [51, 237]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075913-0015-0000", "contents": "1958 FIFA World Cup qualification, Africa and Asia, CAF / AFC Preliminary Round\nRepublic of China withdrew, so China PR and Indonesia advanced to the First Round automatically.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 79], "content_span": [80, 176]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075913-0016-0000", "contents": "1958 FIFA World Cup qualification, Africa and Asia, CAF / AFC First Round, Group 1\nChina PR and Indonesia finished level on points, and a play-off on neutral ground was played to decide who would advance to the Second Round.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 82], "content_span": [83, 224]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075913-0017-0000", "contents": "1958 FIFA World Cup qualification, Africa and Asia, CAF / AFC First Round, Group 1\nIndonesia advanced to the Second Round by having a better goal average. (Penalty shootouts had not been invented.)", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 82], "content_span": [83, 197]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075913-0018-0000", "contents": "1958 FIFA World Cup qualification, Africa and Asia, CAF / AFC First Round, Group 2\nTurkey refused to compete in the Asian group, so Israel advanced to the Second Round automatically.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 82], "content_span": [83, 182]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075913-0019-0000", "contents": "1958 FIFA World Cup qualification, Africa and Asia, CAF / AFC First Round, Group 3\nCyprus withdrew, so Egypt advanced to the Second Round automatically.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 82], "content_span": [83, 152]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075913-0020-0000", "contents": "1958 FIFA World Cup qualification, Africa and Asia, CAF / AFC Second Round\nIndonesia withdrew after FIFA rejected their request to play against Israel on neutral ground. Israel advanced to the Final Round automatically. Egypt withdrew, so Sudan advanced to the Final Round automatically.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 74], "content_span": [75, 287]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075913-0021-0000", "contents": "1958 FIFA World Cup qualification, Africa and Asia, CAF / AFC Final Round\nSudan refused to play against Israel because of the Arab League boycott of Israel, so Israel would technically qualify automatically, but before the qualification rounds began, FIFA had ruled that no team would qualify without playing at least one match (except for the defending champions and the hosts), and Israel had yet to play any.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 73], "content_span": [74, 411]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075913-0022-0000", "contents": "1958 FIFA World Cup qualification, Inter-confederation play-offs: CAF/AFC v UEFA\nA special play-off was created between Israel and the runner-up of one of the UEFA/CONMEBOL/CCCF/ NAFC Groups, where the teams played against each other on a home-and-away basis, with the winner qualifying. Both two-time champions Uruguay and Italy withdrew, so Ireland, Belgium, Bulgaria, Wales, Netherlands, Poland, Romania, Spain, Peru, Bolivia and Costa Rica were had to draw. After Belgium refused, Wales, the runner-up of UEFA Group 4, was the team drawn from the UEFA group runners-up.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 80], "content_span": [81, 573]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075913-0023-0000", "contents": "1958 FIFA World Cup qualification, Qualified teams\n7 of the 16 teams subsequently failed to qualify for the 1962 finals: Austria, France, Northern Ireland, Paraguay, Scotland, Sweden and Wales.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 50], "content_span": [51, 193]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075914-0000-0000", "contents": "1958 FIFA World Cup qualification (CAF/AFC\u2013UEFA play-off)\nThe CAF/AFC\u2013UEFA qualification play-off for the 1958 FIFA World Cup  was a two-legged home-and-away association football match between the winners of the African/Asian region, Israel, and a randomly drawn group runner-up from Europe, Wales. The matches were played on 15 January and 5 February 1958 in Ramat Gan and Cardiff, respectively.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 57], "section_span": [57, 57], "content_span": [58, 396]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075914-0001-0000", "contents": "1958 FIFA World Cup qualification (CAF/AFC\u2013UEFA play-off)\nWales had finished second in their qualifying group to Czechoslovakia. Israel had advanced from the CAF/AFC qualification zone without playing a match after several teams withdrew from the competition for political reasons. FIFA introduced a rule that a team could not qualify for a World Cup without playing and organised a play-off match to decide on qualification. Wales were drawn as the opponents and the two sides met in Ramat Gan for the first leg. Wales won the first match 2\u20130, following goals from Ivor Allchurch and Dave Bowen. The second leg ended with the same result with Allchurch scoring again and Cliff Jones adding a second.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 57], "section_span": [57, 57], "content_span": [58, 700]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075914-0002-0000", "contents": "1958 FIFA World Cup qualification (CAF/AFC\u2013UEFA play-off)\nWith Wales qualifying, this remains the only time that a country played at the World Cup finals after having been eliminated in the regular qualifiers. This also remains the only time that all four British Home Nations qualified for the World Cup finals. Wales went on to reach the quarter-finals at the 1958 World Cup, before being eliminated by Brazil.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 57], "section_span": [57, 57], "content_span": [58, 412]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075914-0003-0000", "contents": "1958 FIFA World Cup qualification (CAF/AFC\u2013UEFA play-off), Background\nWales were drawn into group 4 of the European qualifying zone for the 1958 FIFA World Cup, where they faced Czechoslovakia and East Germany. Wales manager Jimmy Murphy was leading the side in World Cup qualifying for the first time and his side won their first match after defeating Czechoslovakia 1\u20130 in Cardiff following a goal from Roy Vernon, despite missing several players due to injury and withdrawals. Wales travelled to East Germany for their next fixture, but chose to take only twelve players, eleven starters and one substitute, to save money. One of the players, Derek Tapscott, was ruled out of the tie with injury shortly beforehand and John Charles arrived late due to club commitments. The match was East Germany's first competitive fixture in the nation's history and they claimed a 2\u20131 victory in a match attended by around 110,000.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 57], "section_span": [59, 69], "content_span": [70, 921]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075914-0004-0000", "contents": "1958 FIFA World Cup qualification (CAF/AFC\u2013UEFA play-off), Background\nWales continued to Czechoslovakia for their next match six days later. The squad had only ten fit players following the match against East Germany and an outcry from the Welsh media prompted Ray Daniel and Des Palmer to be called up as replacements. During the game, Daniel inadvertently gave the opposition the lead after scoring an own goal from a corner kick. The Czechs added a second goal after an hour to secure a 2\u20130 victory. Wales' hopes of qualification were ended when Czechoslovakia recorded consecutive victories over East Germany. In their final group game, Wales defeated East Germany 4\u20131 following a hat-trick from Palmer and an own goal from the opposition goalkeeper. As a result, Wales finished second in the group behind Czechoslovakia, and were therefore eliminated from the European qualification zone.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 57], "section_span": [59, 69], "content_span": [70, 893]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075914-0005-0000", "contents": "1958 FIFA World Cup qualification (CAF/AFC\u2013UEFA play-off), Background\nFor the qualifying stages of the 1958 FIFA World Cup, Israel were regarded as an Asian team and took part in the African and Asian qualification zone. A total of 11 teams were competing for one direct qualification spot to the 1958 FIFA World Cup finals. Israel were drawn into group 2 of the first round against Turkey. However, their opponents refused to compete in the Asian group, claiming that they should be included in the European qualifying section.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 57], "section_span": [59, 69], "content_span": [70, 528]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075914-0005-0001", "contents": "1958 FIFA World Cup qualification (CAF/AFC\u2013UEFA play-off), Background\nThe world football governing body, FIFA, subsequently allowed Israel to advance to the second round automatically where they were drawn against Indonesia. However, with ongoing political upheavel in Indonesia, the nation applied to FIFA to play against Israel on neutral ground. Their approach was rejected and Indonesia subsequently withdrew, allowing Israel to advance to the final round.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 57], "section_span": [59, 69], "content_span": [70, 460]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075914-0006-0000", "contents": "1958 FIFA World Cup qualification (CAF/AFC\u2013UEFA play-off), Background\nIsrael were paired with Sudan in the last round, with the winner advancing to the World Cup. Sudan had also advanced from the previous round without playing a fixture after Egypt had withdrawn due to Israel's presence owing to tensions between the two nations following the Suez Crisis. Sudan refused to play against Israel for political reasons, so Israel were therefore named the African and Asian qualification zone winners without playing a match.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 57], "section_span": [59, 69], "content_span": [70, 521]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075914-0006-0001", "contents": "1958 FIFA World Cup qualification (CAF/AFC\u2013UEFA play-off), Background\nThis would have granted Israel qualification to the World Cup, but FIFA decided to introduce a rule that no team would qualify without playing at least one match, except for the defending champions and the hosts. This was because many teams had qualified for previous World Cups without playing due to withdrawals of their opponents. As Israel had advanced automatically through all three rounds under these circumstances, they still had to face another team before they could qualify.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 57], "section_span": [59, 69], "content_span": [70, 555]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075914-0006-0002", "contents": "1958 FIFA World Cup qualification (CAF/AFC\u2013UEFA play-off), Background\nTherefore, a play-off match was created by FIFA between Israel and the runner-up of one a group from one of the other qualifying regions, UEFA, CONMEBOL and NAFC/CCCF, where the teams would play against each other on a home-and-away basis. The winner of this play-off would then directly qualify for the 1958 World Cup in Sweden. Therefore, effectively, only 0.5 places were granted to Africa and Asia for the finals.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 57], "section_span": [59, 69], "content_span": [70, 487]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075914-0007-0000", "contents": "1958 FIFA World Cup qualification (CAF/AFC\u2013UEFA play-off), Background\nA drawing of lots took place in December 1957 to determine which team would face Israel in the play-offs. Ahead of the draw, Uruguay and Italy both withdrew, leaving nine teams in the draw. Belgium were selected first but rejected the opportunity so the draw was made again and Wales were selected and would therefore take part in the play-off against Israel. Therefore, the play-off winners would make their World Cup finals debut, as both Israel and Wales had never previously qualified.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 57], "section_span": [59, 69], "content_span": [70, 559]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075914-0008-0000", "contents": "1958 FIFA World Cup qualification (CAF/AFC\u2013UEFA play-off), Matches, First leg, Summary\nWales travelled to Israel with little support, although 90 Welsh servicemen did secure a flight from a military base in Cyprus to attend the match. An error in preparation meant the side arrived in Israel without a ball. As a result, the team were limited to physical training beforehand. Wales were heavy favourites ahead of the tie with their only other weakness believed to be the heat, with temperatures expected to be around 80\u00a0\u00b0F (27\u00a0\u00b0C). Murphy banned his players from using the hotel pool during their stay.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 57], "section_span": [59, 86], "content_span": [87, 602]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075914-0009-0000", "contents": "1958 FIFA World Cup qualification (CAF/AFC\u2013UEFA play-off), Matches, First leg, Summary\nThe match was attended by around 55,000 spectators, including the British ambassador to Israel. Wales had an early goal ruled out after Ivor Allchurch was caught offside before be found the net again after 38 minutes to open the scoring. After receiving a pass from Terry Medwin, Allchurch found space on the edge of the penalty area and scored from 20 yards (18\u00a0m) out. Allchurch continued to cause problems for the opposition defence, shooting wide after collecting a Stuart Williams free-kick and drawing a save from Israeli goalkeeper Ya'akov Hodorov.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 57], "section_span": [59, 86], "content_span": [87, 642]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075914-0010-0000", "contents": "1958 FIFA World Cup qualification (CAF/AFC\u2013UEFA play-off), Matches, First leg, Summary\nWales eventually scored a second when Dave Bowen added scored midway through the second half, also from 20 yards out. Wales received a blow late in the game when John Charles went down injured. He returned to the field to finish the game but struggled for the final minutes of the game. The victory was the first time Wales had won a match outside the United Kingdom.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 57], "section_span": [59, 86], "content_span": [87, 454]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075914-0011-0000", "contents": "1958 FIFA World Cup qualification (CAF/AFC\u2013UEFA play-off), Matches, Second leg, Summary\nWales remained heavy favourites to advance following the first leg. They made minor changes to the side, Medwin and John Charles switched positions to allow the latter to play centre-forward. The only other change saw Ron Hewitt make his international debut in place of Len Allchurch. Israel made one change to their starting eleven from the first leg, Boshos Gegosian replaced Zebaria Tetzabi. Yosef Goldstein had been a doubt with an ankle injury but recovered to play.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 57], "section_span": [59, 87], "content_span": [88, 559]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075914-0012-0000", "contents": "1958 FIFA World Cup qualification (CAF/AFC\u2013UEFA play-off), Matches, Second leg, Summary\nAlready trailing by two goals from the first leg, Israel struggled to impose themselves on the second leg as Wales again dominated the tie. Israeli goalkeeper Hodorov won plaudits for his performance in the match, making several saves to deny Wales a goal. His efforts also included using his body to stop advancing players; one collision with an opposition player left him with a broken nose and concussion but he continued playing.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 57], "section_span": [59, 87], "content_span": [88, 521]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075914-0012-0001", "contents": "1958 FIFA World Cup qualification (CAF/AFC\u2013UEFA play-off), Matches, Second leg, Summary\nIsrael adopted a more physical style of play in the second leg and were cited by the referee on several occasions for \"frequent use \u00a0... of the late tackle, of body checking and other obstructionist methods.\" Charles, who had recovered from his injury in the first leg, was the main target of these methods and they proved effective as he struggled to gain a foothold in the game. The impetus of the Welsh attack was instead provided by Cliff Jones and Medwin.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 57], "section_span": [59, 87], "content_span": [88, 548]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075914-0013-0000", "contents": "1958 FIFA World Cup qualification (CAF/AFC\u2013UEFA play-off), Matches, Second leg, Summary\nIsrael struggled to create many attacking opportunities, their best chance of the game fell to Yehoshua Glazer who was denied by Wales goalkeeper Jack Kelsey, who saved with his knee. Wales were frustrated in front of goal for much of the match despite the Israeli defence being \"beset by wave after wave of red shirts\". Wales scored their first goal after 76 minutes through Allchurch who held off several tackles before shooting into the roof of the net from a narrow angle. Mewdin's forward play continued to excel and he created the second goal after breaking into the Israeli penalty area before pulling the ball back across the box. Charles missed the first attempt but the ball fell to Jones who added a second for Wales.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 57], "section_span": [59, 87], "content_span": [88, 816]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075914-0014-0000", "contents": "1958 FIFA World Cup qualification (CAF/AFC\u2013UEFA play-off), Aftermath\nAs of May 2020, Wales' victory remains the only time a team have qualified for a World Cup having been eliminated from the normal qualifying process. It also remains the only time that all four Home Nations have qualified for a World Cup. Despite the clear margin of victory, newspaper reports after the game were scathing of Wales' performance with The Times remarking that Wales would \"do little more than make the journey to Scandinavia\". At the World Cup, Wales advanced from their group after winning a play-off match against Hungary. In the quarter-finals, they were eliminated by Brazil after losing 1\u20130.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 57], "section_span": [59, 68], "content_span": [69, 680]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075914-0015-0000", "contents": "1958 FIFA World Cup qualification (CAF/AFC\u2013UEFA play-off), Aftermath\nMurphy's attendance at the second leg meant he was forced to miss a match in his other role as assistant manager to Matt Busby at Manchester United. The following night, United played Red Star Belgrade in the European Cup and were travelling back to Manchester via Munich when the team's airplane crashed on the runway at Munich-Riem Airport, resulting in the Munich air disaster which caused 23 fatalities.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 57], "section_span": [59, 68], "content_span": [69, 476]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075914-0016-0000", "contents": "1958 FIFA World Cup qualification (CAF/AFC\u2013UEFA play-off), Aftermath\nIsrael qualified for their first World Cup in 1970 where they were eliminated in the group stage. As of May 2020, this remains the only time Israel have qualified for a World Cup.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 57], "section_span": [59, 68], "content_span": [69, 248]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075915-0000-0000", "contents": "1958 FIFA World Cup qualification (CONMEBOL \u2013 Group 1)\nDue to the withdrawal of Venezuela the two teams in this group played against each other on a home-and-away basis. The winner Brazil qualified for the sixth FIFA World Cup held in Sweden.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 54], "section_span": [54, 54], "content_span": [55, 242]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075916-0000-0000", "contents": "1958 FIFA World Cup qualification (CONMEBOL \u2013 Group 2)\nThe three teams in this group played against each other on a home-and-away basis. The group winner Argentina qualified for the sixth FIFA World Cup held in Sweden.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 54], "section_span": [54, 54], "content_span": [55, 218]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075917-0000-0000", "contents": "1958 FIFA World Cup qualification (CONMEBOL \u2013 Group 3)\nThe three teams in this group played against each other on a home-and-away basis. The group winner Paraguay qualified for the sixth FIFA World Cup held in Sweden.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 54], "section_span": [54, 54], "content_span": [55, 217]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075918-0000-0000", "contents": "1958 FIFA World Cup qualification (CONMEBOL)\nThe 9 teams were divided into 3 groups of 3 teams each. The teams played against each other on a home-and-away basis. The group winners would qualify.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [44, 44], "content_span": [45, 195]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075919-0000-0000", "contents": "1958 FIFA World Cup qualification (UEFA)\nListed below are the dates and results for the 1958 FIFA World Cup qualification rounds for the European zone (UEFA). For an overview of the qualification rounds, see the article 1958 FIFA World Cup qualification.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [40, 40], "content_span": [41, 254]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075919-0001-0000", "contents": "1958 FIFA World Cup qualification (UEFA)\nThe 27 teams were divided into 9 groups, each featuring 3 teams. The teams played against each other on a home-and-away basis. The group winners qualified. The Soviet Union and Iceland took part for the first time.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [40, 40], "content_span": [41, 255]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075919-0002-0000", "contents": "1958 FIFA World Cup qualification (UEFA), UEFA Group 4\nCzechoslovakia qualified. Wales received another chance to qualify after being drawn to play against Israel in a special play-off; see CAF / AFC Final Round and Play-off.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [42, 54], "content_span": [55, 225]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075919-0003-0000", "contents": "1958 FIFA World Cup qualification (UEFA), UEFA Group 6\nPoland and USSR finished level on points, a play-off on neutral ground was played to decide who would qualify.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [42, 54], "content_span": [55, 165]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075919-0004-0000", "contents": "1958 FIFA World Cup qualification (UEFA), UEFA Group 8\nThe 15 January 1958 fixture of Italy at Northern Ireland was originally scheduled for 4 December 1957 but heavy fog in London prevented the referee (Istvan Zsolt, manager of the Budapest Opera House) from arriving for the match in time. The fixture was postponed but the match continued as a friendly, and ended in a 2-2 draw and a riot as the crowd (infuriated by the postponement and quite rough play from some Italian players) invaded the pitch. The 'friendly' match was dubbed the 'Battle of Belfast'. Danny Blanchflower, Northern Ireland captain at the time, helped save the situation by ordering his players to escort their Italian counterparts off the field while the police dealt with the crowd.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [42, 54], "content_span": [55, 758]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075919-0005-0000", "contents": "1958 FIFA World Cup qualification (UEFA), UEFA Group 8\nThis was the only time that Italy failed to qualify for the World Cup until their failure to qualify for the 2018 World Cup in Russia.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [42, 54], "content_span": [55, 189]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075920-0000-0000", "contents": "1958 FIFA World Cup qualification \u2013 UEFA Group 1\nThe three teams in this group played against each other on a home-and-away basis. The group winner England qualified for the sixth FIFA World Cup held in Sweden.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 48], "section_span": [48, 48], "content_span": [49, 210]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075920-0001-0000", "contents": "1958 FIFA World Cup qualification \u2013 UEFA Group 1, Team stats, Republic of Ireland\nHead coach: none, selected by committee, team manager:  Johnny Carey", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 48], "section_span": [50, 81], "content_span": [82, 150]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075920-0002-0000", "contents": "1958 FIFA World Cup qualification \u2013 UEFA Group 1, Team stats, Denmark\nHead coach:  Alf Young (first match);  Arne S\u00f8rensen (second to fourth match)", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 48], "section_span": [50, 69], "content_span": [70, 147]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075921-0000-0000", "contents": "1958 FIFA World Cup qualification \u2013 UEFA Group 2\nThe three teams in this group played against each other on a home-and-away basis. The group winner France qualified for the sixth FIFA World Cup held in Sweden.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 48], "section_span": [48, 48], "content_span": [49, 209]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075921-0001-0000", "contents": "1958 FIFA World Cup qualification \u2013 UEFA Group 2, Team stats, Belgium\nHead coach:  Andr\u00e9 Vandeweyer (first and second match),  Louis Nicolay (third match),  G\u00e9za Toldi (fourth match)", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 48], "section_span": [50, 69], "content_span": [70, 182]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075922-0000-0000", "contents": "1958 FIFA World Cup qualification \u2013 UEFA Group 3\nThe three teams in this group played against each other on a home-and-away basis. The group winner Hungary qualified for the sixth FIFA World Cup held in Sweden.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 48], "section_span": [48, 48], "content_span": [49, 210]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075923-0000-0000", "contents": "1958 FIFA World Cup qualification \u2013 UEFA Group 4\nThe three teams in this group played against each other on a home-and-away basis. The group winner Czechoslovakia qualified for the sixth FIFA World Cup held in Sweden.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 48], "section_span": [48, 48], "content_span": [49, 217]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075923-0001-0000", "contents": "1958 FIFA World Cup qualification \u2013 UEFA Group 4\nWales got another chance to qualify after being drawn to play against Israel in a special play-off.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 48], "section_span": [48, 48], "content_span": [49, 148]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075924-0000-0000", "contents": "1958 FIFA World Cup qualification \u2013 UEFA Group 5\nThe three teams in this group played against each other on a home-and-away basis. The group winner Austria qualified for the sixth FIFA World Cup held in Sweden.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 48], "section_span": [48, 48], "content_span": [49, 210]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075924-0001-0000", "contents": "1958 FIFA World Cup qualification \u2013 UEFA Group 5, Team stats, Netherlands\nHead coach:  George Hardwick (first and second match),  Elek Schwartz (third and fourth match)", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 48], "section_span": [50, 73], "content_span": [74, 168]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075925-0000-0000", "contents": "1958 FIFA World Cup qualification \u2013 UEFA Group 6\nThe three teams in this group played against each other on a home-and-away basis. Poland and the Soviet Union finished level on points, a play-off on neutral ground was played to decide who would qualify. The winner Soviet Union qualified for the sixth FIFA World Cup held in Sweden.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 48], "section_span": [48, 48], "content_span": [49, 332]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075926-0000-0000", "contents": "1958 FIFA World Cup qualification \u2013 UEFA Group 7\nThe three teams in this group played against each other on a home-and-away basis. The group winner Yugoslavia qualified for the 1958 FIFA World Cup held in Sweden.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 48], "section_span": [48, 48], "content_span": [49, 212]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075927-0000-0000", "contents": "1958 FIFA World Cup qualification \u2013 UEFA Group 8\nThe three teams in this group played against each other on a home-and-away basis. The group winner Northern Ireland qualified for the sixth FIFA World Cup held in Sweden.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 48], "section_span": [48, 48], "content_span": [49, 219]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075927-0001-0000", "contents": "1958 FIFA World Cup qualification \u2013 UEFA Group 8, Team stats, Portugal\nHead coach:  Tavares da Silva (first to third match);  Jos\u00e9 Maria Antunes (fourth match)", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 48], "section_span": [50, 70], "content_span": [71, 159]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075928-0000-0000", "contents": "1958 FIFA World Cup qualification \u2013 UEFA Group 9\nThe three teams in this group played against each other on a home-and-away basis. The group winner Scotland qualified for the sixth FIFA World Cup held in Sweden.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 48], "section_span": [48, 48], "content_span": [49, 211]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075929-0000-0000", "contents": "1958 FIFA World Cup squads\nBelow are the squads for the 1958 FIFA World Cup final tournament in Sweden.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [26, 26], "content_span": [27, 103]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075929-0001-0000", "contents": "1958 FIFA World Cup squads\nFrance (1), Northern Ireland (19), Scotland (6), Sweden (5) and Wales (14) had players representing foreign clubs. The total of 45 \"Foreigners\" establishes the First record of this kind.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [26, 26], "content_span": [27, 213]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075929-0002-0000", "contents": "1958 FIFA World Cup squads\nFor the First time, seven selected players (1 French, 5 Swedish and 1 Welsh) comes from foreign clubs of not qualified countries (Italy and Spain).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [26, 26], "content_span": [27, 174]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075929-0003-0000", "contents": "1958 FIFA World Cup squads, Group 2, Scotland\nHead coach: Dawson Walker (officially only acting manager in place of Matt Busby, who was seriously injured in the Munich air disaster and unable to resume his duties in time for the tournament)", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [28, 45], "content_span": [46, 240]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075929-0004-0000", "contents": "1958 FIFA World Cup squads, Group 3, Wales\nNote: Swansea Town (now Swansea City) and Cardiff City are Welsh clubs that play in the English football league system.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [28, 42], "content_span": [43, 162]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075929-0005-0000", "contents": "1958 FIFA World Cup squads, Notes\nEach national team had to submit a squad of 22 players. All the teams included 3 goalkeepers, except Argentina, Paraguay, Scotland, Hungary and Brazil who only called two.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [28, 33], "content_span": [34, 205]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075930-0000-0000", "contents": "1958 Faroese general election\nGeneral elections were held in the Faroe Islands on 8 November 1958. The Social Democratic Party emerged as the largest party in the L\u00f8gting, winning 8 of the 30 seats.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [29, 29], "content_span": [30, 198]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075931-0000-0000", "contents": "1958 Federation of Rhodesia and Nyasaland election\nFederal elections were held in the Federation of Rhodesia and Nyasaland on 12 November 1958. The result was a victory for the ruling United Federal Party, with Roy Welensky remaining Prime Minister.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 50], "section_span": [50, 50], "content_span": [51, 249]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075931-0001-0000", "contents": "1958 Federation of Rhodesia and Nyasaland election, Electoral system\nThe Federal Parliament had 59 seats, of which four were elected by an African electoral college in the northern territories, two were nominated by governors in the northern territories, with one seat reserved for an elected European representing African interests. The remaining 52 were directly-elected using two electoral rolls; a general roll mainly consisting of Europeans and a special roll with a more representative population mix. The general roll included 83,506 Europeans and Coloureds, 2,876 Asians and 1,055 Africans, whilst the special roll included 137 Europeans, 25 coloureds, 23 Asians and 692 Africans. Thousands of eligible Africans did not register to vote.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 50], "section_span": [52, 68], "content_span": [69, 745]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075931-0002-0000", "contents": "1958 Federation of Rhodesia and Nyasaland election, Electoral system\nThe general roll elected 44 seats, 24 in Southern Rhodesia, 14 in Northern Rhodesia and six in Nyasaland. Both the general and special roll voted for eight African seats, four from Southern Rhodesia and two each from Northern Rhodesia and Nyasaland.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 50], "section_span": [52, 68], "content_span": [69, 318]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075931-0003-0000", "contents": "1958 Federation of Rhodesia and Nyasaland election, Electoral system\nThe single European seat elected to represent African interests was elected in Southern Rhodesia by members of both rolls.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 50], "section_span": [52, 68], "content_span": [69, 191]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075931-0004-0000", "contents": "1958 Federation of Rhodesia and Nyasaland election, Campaign\nA total of 112 candidates contested 48 constituencies, with five seats in Nyasaland having only one candidate, all of whom were elected unopposed. The main contest was between the United Federal Party led by Welensky and the Dominion Party led by Winston Field. The UFP contested all 53 seats (including the five unopposed constituencies); the DP ran in 43 constituencies, the Constitution Party led by A Scott ran in eight constituencies, and the Confederate Party led by S Gurland contested a single seat in Salisbury. The remaining twelve candidates were independents.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 50], "section_span": [52, 60], "content_span": [61, 632]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075932-0000-0000", "contents": "1958 Finnish parliamentary election\nParliamentary elections were held in Finland on 6 and 7 July 1958. The communist Finnish People's Democratic League emerged as the largest party, but was unable to form a government.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [35, 35], "content_span": [36, 218]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075932-0001-0000", "contents": "1958 Finnish parliamentary election, Background\nBetween March 1956, when Urho Kekkonen (Agrarian League) became President, and the 1958 elections, Finland had had four governments; Karl-August Fagerholm's Social Democratic Party majority government, V. J. Sukselainen's Agrarian minority government, and two civil-service caretaker governments, led by the Governor of the Bank of Finland, Rainer von Fieandt and the Chief Justice of Finland's Supreme Administrative Court, Reino Kuuskoski. The Social Democrats and Agrarians found it difficult to work together in the government, which significantly reduced Finland's chances of having a stable government, because the two other large or fairly large parties, the Finnish People's Democratic League and National Coalition Party, were excluded from the government.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 47], "content_span": [48, 813]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075932-0002-0000", "contents": "1958 Finnish parliamentary election, Background\nThe Social Democrats had been split into two parties since V\u00e4in\u00f6 Tanner, a veteran Social Democrat and a former political prisoner (one of the eight \"war culprits\" after World War II), had very narrowly been elected the Social Democratic leader over Fagerholm in July 1957. The Social Democrats were among Kekkonen's chief opponents and wanted to defeat him in the 1962 presidential elections. After becoming President, Kekkonen wanted to defeat the Social Democrats politically, and thus their split into the majority and the minority, the so-called Skogists (after former Defence Minister Emil Skog) helped him move closer towards that goal.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 47], "content_span": [48, 691]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075932-0003-0000", "contents": "1958 Finnish parliamentary election, Background\nIn addition, Finland was suffering from a recession and, by that time's standards, a high unemployment rate, which helped the Finnish People's Democratic League to increase their support. After these elections, Fagerholm formed his third government, which included the Social Democrats, Agrarians, National Coalitioners, Swedish People's Party and the People's Party of Finland, in August 1958. Already when he appointed Fagerholm's government, President Kekkonen indicated that he would not help if it encountered problems.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 47], "content_span": [48, 572]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075932-0003-0001", "contents": "1958 Finnish parliamentary election, Background\nSoon the government ran into difficulties:  the Soviet Union interrupted its trade negotiations with Finland, and in November or December 1958, the Soviet ambassador to Finland returned to the Soviet Union. These \"night frosts,\" along with President Kekkonen's and the other Agrarians' opposition (Foreign Minister Virolainen resigned from the government at the beginning of December 1958, and former Assistant Finance Minister Karjalainen wrote that it was time for the wise people to leave the government), caused Fagerholm to tender his resignation in December 1958. Sukselainen formed another centrist minority government in January 1959, while Kekkonen visited the Soviet Union where the Soviet leader Khrushchev assured him that all was again well in the Finnish-Soviet relations.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 47], "content_span": [48, 834]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075933-0000-0000", "contents": "1958 Five Nations Championship\nThe 1958 Five Nations Championship was the twenty-ninth series of the rugby union Five Nations Championship. Including the previous incarnations as the Home Nations and Five Nations, this was the sixty-fourth series of the northern hemisphere rugby union championship. Ten matches were played between January 11 and April 19. It was contested by England, France, Ireland, Scotland and Wales.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [30, 30], "content_span": [31, 422]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075934-0000-0000", "contents": "1958 Florida A&M Rattlers football team\nThe 1958 Florida A&M Rattlers football team was an American football team that represented Florida A&M University as a member of the Southern Intercollegiate Athletic Conference (SIAC) during the 1958 NCAA College  Division football season. In their 14th season under head coach Jake Gaither, the Rattlers compiled a 7\u20132 record, won the SIAC championship, and outscored opponents by a total of 263 to 135. The team played its home games at Bragg Memorial Stadium in Tallahassee, Florida.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [39, 39], "content_span": [40, 527]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075934-0001-0000", "contents": "1958 Florida A&M Rattlers football team\nThe Rattlers lost to undefeated black college national champion Prairie View A&M in the Orange Blossom Classic.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [39, 39], "content_span": [40, 151]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075934-0002-0000", "contents": "1958 Florida A&M Rattlers football team\nThe team's statistical leaders included Leroy Hardee with 704 rushing yards, 99 receiving yards, and 52 points scored, and Lee Royster with 269 passing yards.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [39, 39], "content_span": [40, 198]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075935-0000-0000", "contents": "1958 Florida Gators football team\nThe 1958 Florida Gators football team represented the University of Florida during the 1958 NCAA University Division football season. The season was the ninth of ten for Bob Woodruff as the head coach of the Florida Gators football team. Woodruff's 1958 Florida Gators finished with an overall record of 6\u20134\u20131 and a Southeastern Conference (SEC) record of 2\u20133\u20131, placing eighth in the twelve-member SEC.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [33, 33], "content_span": [34, 437]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075935-0001-0000", "contents": "1958 Florida Gators football team, Before the season\nThe prospects for the 1958 season were devastated by Bernie Parrish deciding to play baseball with the Cincinnati Reds. The Gators were led by quarterback Jimmy Dunn, defensive back Don Fleming, halfback and punter Bobby Joe Green and All-American tackle Vel Heckman.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 52], "content_span": [53, 320]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075935-0002-0000", "contents": "1958 Florida Gators football team, Game summaries, Tulane\nThe season opened with a 34\u201314 conference wins over the Tulane Green Wave", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 57], "content_span": [58, 131]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075935-0003-0000", "contents": "1958 Florida Gators football team, Game summaries, Mississippi State\nThe first disappointment of the season came in the second week, when the Gators lost 7\u201314 to the eleventh-ranked Mississippi State Bulldogs.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 68], "content_span": [69, 209]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075935-0004-0000", "contents": "1958 Florida Gators football team, Game summaries, UCLA\nIn the third week of play, Florida had an intersectional victory over the UCLA Bruins 21\u201314 on the road in Los Angeles, California.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 55], "content_span": [56, 187]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075935-0005-0000", "contents": "1958 Florida Gators football team, Game summaries, LSU\nThe Gators lost to the eventual consensus national champion LSU Tigers at the latter's homecoming. The Tigers snapped a three-game losing streak to the Gators  with a 10\u20137 defensive struggle that came down to the last three minutes of play. The game featured one of the strongest rushing teams in the nation against one of the league's best run defenses. The Tigers, led by halfbacks Billy Cannon and Johnny Robinson, averaged 220 yards rushing per game. The Gators had held their previous opponents to an average of 65 yards rushing per game. LSU was favored by two touchdowns. Bill Kastelz, the sports editor of the Jacksonville Times-Union, wrote that Heckman's play reached All-American levels against No. 3-ranked LSU on October 25, 1958.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 54], "content_span": [55, 798]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075935-0006-0000", "contents": "1958 Florida Gators football team, Game summaries, Auburn\nIn a 5\u20136 loss to fourth-ranked Auburn, an injury to a Florida tackles led Woodruff to employ the unorthodox strategy of shifting Heckman between right and left tackle. Bill Kastelz, the sports editor of the Jacksonville Times-Union, wrote: \"Big, fast and tough, he outshone all of Auburn's great linemen.\" According to Auburn coach Shug Jordan, \"There should be a law to prevent things like that. We were supposed to run plays where Heckman wasn't, and he's there now.\"", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 57], "content_span": [58, 527]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075935-0007-0000", "contents": "1958 Florida Gators football team, Game summaries, Auburn\nCoach Bob Woodruff's Gators and coach Shug Jordan's Tigers played nine games against each other between 1951 and 1959, only three of which were decided by more than ten points. However, none was closer than the game between the unranked Gators and the defending national champions and fourth-ranked Tigers in 1958, a game in which neither team scored more than six points. Late in the fourth quarter, with the Tigers leading 6\u20133 on the strength of a single touchdown and a missed extra point, the stingy Gators defense pinned the Tigers offense behind their own three-yard-line. Rather than risk a turnover, Jordan ordered Tigers quarterback Johnny Kern to kneel in their own end zone, intentionally scoring a safety for the Gators, but earning a free punt for the Tigers. The Tigers kicked it away, and their defense held on to win 6\u20135.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 57], "content_span": [58, 895]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075935-0008-0000", "contents": "1958 Florida Gators football team, Game summaries, Florida State\nThe Gators had a 21\u20137, first-time victory over the new in-state rival Florida State Seminoles", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 64], "content_span": [65, 158]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075935-0009-0000", "contents": "1958 Florida Gators football team, Game summaries, Miami\nThe season included a 12\u20139 upset of the Miami Hurricanes.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 56], "content_span": [57, 114]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075935-0010-0000", "contents": "1958 Florida Gators football team, Postseason\nThe Gators capped the year with a season-ending 3\u20137 loss to the eleventh-ranked Ole Miss Rebels in a defensive struggle in the December 1958 Gator Bowl in Jacksonville, Florida.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 45], "content_span": [46, 223]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075936-0000-0000", "contents": "1958 Florida State Seminoles football team\nThe 1958 Florida State Seminoles football team represented Florida State University in the 1958 NCAA University Division football season. 1958 was the beginning of the longstanding rivalry with the Florida Gators. The Gators won the first meeting by a score of 21\u20137.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 42], "section_span": [42, 42], "content_span": [43, 309]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075937-0000-0000", "contents": "1958 Football Championship of the Ukrainian SSR\nThe 1958 Football Championship of UkrSSR were part of the 1958 Soviet republican football competitions in the Soviet Ukraine.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 47], "section_span": [47, 47], "content_span": [48, 173]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075938-0000-0000", "contents": "1958 Formula One season\nThe 1958 Formula One season was the 12th season of Formula One motor racing. It featured the 1958 World Championship of Drivers which commenced on 19 January 1958, and ended on 19 October after eleven races. This was the first Formula One season in which a manufacturers title was awarded, the International Cup for F1 Manufacturers being contested concurrently with the World Championship of Drivers with the exception of the Indianapolis 500 which did not count towards the Cup.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [23, 23], "content_span": [24, 504]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075938-0000-0001", "contents": "1958 Formula One season\nEnglishman Mike Hawthorn won the Drivers' title after a close battle with compatriot Stirling Moss and Vanwall won the inaugural Manufacturers award from Ferrari. Hawthorn retired from racing at the end of the season, only to die three months later after a road car accident. It was the first of only two occasions in Formula One history where a driver won the championship having won only one race in the season, the other being Keke Rosberg in 1982.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [23, 23], "content_span": [24, 475]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075938-0001-0000", "contents": "1958 Formula One season\nThe season was one of the most important and tragic seasons in Formula One's history. Four drivers died in four different races during this season. Italian Luigi Musso in his works Ferrari during the French Grand Prix at Reims; Musso's teammate, Englishman Peter Collins during the German Grand Prix at the N\u00fcrburgring, Englishman Stuart Lewis-Evans in his Vanwall at the Moroccan Grand Prix in Casablanca, and in a non-Formula One race, American Pat O'Connor at the Indianapolis 500. Hawthorn retired from motor racing after his success, but was killed in a road accident only a few months later.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [23, 23], "content_span": [24, 621]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075938-0001-0001", "contents": "1958 Formula One season\nThis season was also effectively the last year of Grand Prix racing where the field was dominated with front-engined cars; this had been the case since the early 1900s, when car racing was happening in informal events across Europe and the United States. The 1959 and 1960 seasons would be transitional years, where grids at Grand Prix events would feature more and more mid-engined cars and fewer front-engined cars. The mid-engined cars, with their better road holding, increased driving comfort, lighter weight and ease on tires and mechanical components (particularly brakes) were clearly the way to go. Even an old-fashioned traditionalist like Enzo Ferrari had to concede that mid-engined cars were what his team needed in order to be competitive and Ferrari did not have a race-ready mid-engined car until 1961.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [23, 23], "content_span": [24, 842]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075938-0002-0000", "contents": "1958 Formula One season, Season summary\nAlthough the engine formula remained the same, maximum race lengths were reduced to 300 kilometres or two hours (whichever came first), and the use of commercial petrol became compulsory, in place of specialized alcohol-based racing fuels. The International Cup for F1 Manufacturers was awarded for the first time, but Ferrari's Mike Hawthorn won the Drivers' Championship from Stirling Moss, despite the latter having won four of the ten grand prix to Hawthorn's one.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 39], "content_span": [40, 508]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075938-0003-0000", "contents": "1958 Formula One season, Season summary\nRear-engined Cooper-Climaxes, entered by the private owner Rob Walker, won two early-season races, through Moss and Maurice Trintignant.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 39], "content_span": [40, 176]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075938-0004-0000", "contents": "1958 Formula One season, Season summary\nFollowing the Portuguese Grand Prix, Hawthorn faced a penalty but Moss sportingly spoke up for him, and the points that Hawthorn was able to keep, subsequently enabled him to edge ahead of Moss for the title.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 39], "content_span": [40, 248]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075938-0005-0000", "contents": "1958 Formula One season, Season summary\nMoss's teammate at Vanwall, Tony Brooks also won three races, his success in the Italian race, overtaking Hawthorn after Moss had retired, ensured the title went to the final round in Morocco. Moss needed to win, with a fastest lap and Hawthorn third or lower to win the title. With Moss leading, Brooks and teammate Stuart Lewis-Evans attempted to hold Hawthorn in third, however both their engines failed \u2013 Lewis-Evans's tragically resulting in severe burns from which he did not recover. Hawthorn finished second to win his first title by a single point. Vanwall won the inaugural Constructors' competition.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 39], "content_span": [40, 650]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075938-0006-0000", "contents": "1958 Formula One season, Season summary\nHawthorn's death early in 1959 compounded a tragic season for Formula One, with four drivers killed or fatally injured on the track. Luigi Musso died in the French Grand Prix, Peter Collins a month later in the German Grand Prix \u2013 just two weeks after winning his home race, Lewis-Evans died in hospital following his fire in Morocco and Pat O'Connor died at the Indianapolis 500 (which, at the time, was a round of the World Championship).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 39], "content_span": [40, 480]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075938-0007-0000", "contents": "1958 Formula One season, Season summary\nMaria Teresa de Filippis became the first woman to drive in a race counting towards the World Championship of Drivers. Reigning five-time World Champion Juan Manuel Fangio, the dominant driver of the 1950s and one of the greatest of all time, competed in only two races as a privateer, retiring after the French Grand Prix.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 39], "content_span": [40, 363]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075938-0008-0000", "contents": "1958 Formula One season, Teams and drivers\nThe following teams and drivers competed in the 1958 FIA World Championship.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 42], "content_span": [43, 119]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075938-0009-0000", "contents": "1958 Formula One season, World Drivers' Championship standings\nPoints were awarded on an 8\u20136\u20134\u20133\u20132 basis to the first five finishers at each race. An additional point was awarded to the driver setting the fastest race lap. The best six results from the eleven races were retained.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 62], "content_span": [63, 280]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075938-0010-0000", "contents": "1958 Formula One season, International Cup for F1 Manufacturers standings\nThe 1958 International Cup for F1 Manufacturers was contested over the same series of races as the World Championship of Drivers, with the exception of the Indianapolis 500 which counted only towards the Drivers' title. Points were awarded on an 8\u20136\u20134\u20133\u20132 basis to the first five finishers at each race. However a manufacturer only received points for its highest placed car and only the best six results from the ten races were retained.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 73], "content_span": [74, 512]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075938-0011-0000", "contents": "1958 Formula One season, Non-championship races\nThe following races were contested by Formula One cars, but did not count towards the World Championship of Drivers or the International Cup for Formula One Manufacturers.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 47], "content_span": [48, 219]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075939-0000-0000", "contents": "1958 France rugby union tour of South Africa\nThe 1958 France rugby union tour of South Africa was a series of matches played by the France national rugby union team in South Africa in July and August 1958. The French team played ten matches, of which they won five. One of the tour matches was against Rhodesia. They won the Test Series 1\u20130 against the Springboks.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [44, 44], "content_span": [45, 364]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075939-0001-0000", "contents": "1958 France rugby union tour of South Africa, Touring party, Forwards\nRaoul Barri\u00e8reJean BartheRobert BaulonJean Carr\u00e8reLouis CasauxMichel CelayaPierre DanosJean DupuyLouis EchavePierre FremauxJean de GrogorioAndr\u00e9 HagetPierre LacazePierre LacroixJacques LepateyArnaud MarquesuzaaRoger MartineBernard MommejatFran\u00e7ois MonclaAldo QuaglioHenri RancouleLucien RogeAlfred RoquesGuy StenerMichel VannierRoger Vigier", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [46, 69], "content_span": [70, 410]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075940-0000-0000", "contents": "1958 French Championships (tennis)\nThe 1958 French Championships (now known as the French Open) was a tennis tournament that took place on the outdoor clay courts at the Stade Roland-Garros in Paris, France. The tournament ran from 20 May until 31 May. It was the 62nd staging of the French Championships, and the second Grand Slam tennis event of 1958. Mervyn Rose and Zsuzsi K\u00f6rm\u00f6czy won the singles titles.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [34, 34], "content_span": [35, 409]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075940-0001-0000", "contents": "1958 French Championships (tennis), Finals, Women's Singles\nZsuzsa K\u00f6rm\u00f6czy (HUN) defeated  Shirley Bloomer (GBR)  6\u20134, 1\u20136, 6\u20132", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [36, 59], "content_span": [60, 128]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075940-0002-0000", "contents": "1958 French Championships (tennis), Finals, Men's Doubles\nAshley Cooper /  Neale Fraser defeated  Bob Howe /  Abe Segal  3\u20136, 8\u20136, 6\u20133, 7\u20135", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [36, 57], "content_span": [58, 139]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075940-0003-0000", "contents": "1958 French Championships (tennis), Finals, Women's Doubles\nRosie Reyes /  Yola Ram\u00edrez defeated  Mary Bevis Hawton /  Thelma Coyne Long 6\u20134, 7\u20135", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [36, 59], "content_span": [60, 145]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075940-0004-0000", "contents": "1958 French Championships (tennis), Finals, Mixed Doubles\nShirley Bloomer /  Nicola Pietrangeli defeated  Lorraine Coghlan /  Bob Howe  8\u20136, 6\u20132", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [36, 57], "content_span": [58, 144]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075941-0000-0000", "contents": "1958 French Championships \u2013 Men's Singles\nThird-seeded Mervyn Rose defeated Luis Ayala 6\u20133, 6\u20134, 6\u20134 in the final to win the Men's Singles tennis title at the 1958 French Championships.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 41], "section_span": [41, 41], "content_span": [42, 185]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075941-0001-0000", "contents": "1958 French Championships \u2013 Men's Singles, Seeds\nThe seeded players are listed below. Mervyn Rose is the champion; others show the round in which they were eliminated.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 41], "section_span": [43, 48], "content_span": [49, 167]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075942-0000-0000", "contents": "1958 French Championships \u2013 Women's Singles\nThird-seeded Zsuzsi K\u00f6rm\u00f6czy defeated Shirley Bloomer 6\u20134, 1\u20136, 6\u20132 in the final to win the Women's Singles tennis title at the 1958 French Championships.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 43], "section_span": [43, 43], "content_span": [44, 198]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075942-0001-0000", "contents": "1958 French Championships \u2013 Women's Singles, Seeds\nThe seeded players are listed below. Zsuzsi K\u00f6rm\u00f6czy is the champion; others show the round in which they were eliminated.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 43], "section_span": [45, 50], "content_span": [51, 173]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075943-0000-0000", "contents": "1958 French Grand Prix\nThe 1958 French Grand Prix was a Formula One motor race held at Reims on 6 July 1958. It was race 6 of 11 in the 1958 World Championship of Drivers and race 5 of 10 in the 1958 International Cup for Formula One Manufacturers.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [22, 22], "content_span": [23, 248]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075943-0001-0000", "contents": "1958 French Grand Prix\nThe race was won by Mike Hawthorn driving a Ferrari 246 F1; it was his first Formula One victory since the 1954 Spanish Grand Prix and would prove to be his last. It was also the last Formula One race for five-time World Champion Juan Manuel Fangio. On the final lap, Hawthorn eased up to let Fangio, running fifth at the time, finish on the lead lap of his last race. This turned out to be a blessing, as Peter Collins crashed on the final lap, allowing Fangio to secure fourth.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [22, 22], "content_span": [23, 502]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075943-0002-0000", "contents": "1958 French Grand Prix\nThe race was marred by Ferrari driver Luigi Musso's fatal accident at the Muizon hairpin. His car hurtled off course and crashed into a ditch. Musso was thrown out of the car, was critically injured and died later that day at a hospital near the track.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [22, 22], "content_span": [23, 275]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075943-0003-0000", "contents": "1958 French Grand Prix\nOf the 21 starters, six died in racing cars within the next three years. Musso died in the race itself, while Peter Collins died in that year's German Grand Prix, Lewis-Evans at the Moroccan Grand Prix, Jean Behra in a support race for the 1959 German Grand Prix, Harry Schell in practice for the 1960 BRDC International Trophy, and Wolfgang von Trips and a dozen spectators died at the 1961 Italian Grand Prix.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [22, 22], "content_span": [23, 434]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075944-0000-0000", "contents": "1958 French Polynesian constitutional referendum\nA referendum on the new constitution of France was held in French Polynesia on 28 September 1958 as part of a wider referendum held across the French Union. The new constitution would see the country become part of the new French Community if accepted, or result in independence if rejected. It was approved by 64.40% of voters.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 48], "section_span": [48, 48], "content_span": [49, 377]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075944-0001-0000", "contents": "1958 French Polynesian constitutional referendum, Campaign\nSome members of the Democratic Rally of the Tahitian People (RDPT), which had been removed from power by the Governor in April 1958, backed a 'no' vote. Government officials restricted campaigning by opponents of the new constitution, and in some outlying islands, voters were unaware that 'no' was an option.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 48], "section_span": [50, 58], "content_span": [59, 368]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075944-0002-0000", "contents": "1958 French Polynesian constitutional referendum, Results\nThe result saw 64% of voters vote in favour of the constitution. However, Pacific Islands Monthly noted that it was thought by some that 'no' would have won had the RDPT been allowed to campaign properly.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 48], "section_span": [50, 57], "content_span": [58, 262]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075944-0003-0000", "contents": "1958 French Polynesian constitutional referendum, Aftermath\nFollowing the referendum, there was civil unrest in Tahiti, with RDPT supporters starting fires with molotov cocktails on 10\u201311 October. As a result of the violence, RDPT leader Pouvanaa a Oopa and 22 supporters were arrested. Oopa was subsequently convicted of arson and exiled to France.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 48], "section_span": [50, 59], "content_span": [60, 349]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075945-0000-0000", "contents": "1958 French Somaliland constitutional referendum\nA referendum on the new constitution of France was held in French Somaliland on 28 September 1958 as part of a wider referendum held across the French Union. The new constitution would see the country become part of the new French Community if accepted, or result in independence if rejected. It was approved by 75.24% of voters.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 48], "section_span": [48, 48], "content_span": [49, 378]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075945-0001-0000", "contents": "1958 French Somaliland constitutional referendum, Results\nThe referendum result was in favour of a continued association with France; 75% voted \"yes\", while 25% were opposed. This was partly due to a combined \"yes\" vote by the sizable Afar ethnic group and resident Europeans. There were also allegations of widespread vote rigging. According to the UN, there was an inordinate number of invalid ballots in Somali districts, which it suggested implied that the plebiscite had been manipulated. The majority of those who had voted \"no\" were Somalis who were strongly in favour of joining a united Somalia, as had been proposed by Mahmoud Harbi, then Vice President of the Government Council.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 48], "section_span": [50, 57], "content_span": [58, 690]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075946-0000-0000", "contents": "1958 French Somaliland legislative election\nTerritorial Council elections were held in French Somaliland on 23 November 1958. The result was a victory for the Defence of Economic and Social Interests of the Territory party, which won 25 of the 32 seats.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 43], "section_span": [43, 43], "content_span": [44, 253]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075946-0001-0000", "contents": "1958 French Somaliland legislative election, Electoral system\nThe elections were held using proportional representation. The country was divided into three constituencies; Djibouti electing 16 members, Tadjoura\u2013Obock electing nine and Dikhil\u2013Ali Sabieh electing seven.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 43], "section_span": [45, 61], "content_span": [62, 268]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075947-0000-0000", "contents": "1958 French Sudan constitutional referendum\nA referendum on the new constitution of France was held in French Sudan on 28 September 1958 as part of a wider referendum held across the French Union. The new constitution would see the country become part of the new French Community if accepted, or result in independence if rejected. It was approved by 97.54% of voters.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 43], "section_span": [43, 43], "content_span": [44, 368]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075948-0000-0000", "contents": "1958 French Togoland parliamentary election\nParliamentary elections were held in French Togoland on 27 April 1958. The result was a victory for the Committee of Togolese Unity, which won 29 of the 46 seats in the Legislative Assembly. Voter turnout was 64.9%.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 43], "section_span": [43, 43], "content_span": [44, 259]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075949-0000-0000", "contents": "1958 French constitutional referendum\nA constitutional referendum was held in France on 28 September 1958. Voters were asked whether they approved of the adoption of a constitution for the French Fifth Republic written by Charles de Gaulle. It was overwhelmingly approved, with 82.6% in favour. Voter turnout was 84.9% in Metropolitan France and 79.8% overall.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [37, 37], "content_span": [38, 360]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075949-0001-0000", "contents": "1958 French constitutional referendum, Results\nThe total includes Overseas departments, Algeria, Sahara, Overseas territories (except Guinea, French Togoland, French Cameroon, French New Hebrides and Wallis and Futuna) and French citizens living abroad.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [39, 46], "content_span": [47, 253]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075950-0000-0000", "contents": "1958 French constitutional referendum in French Togoland\nA constitutional referendum was held in French Togoland as part of the wider French referendum. Contrasting  in other French territories, voting was restricted to French citizens, with only 2,217 people able to vote out of population of 1,284,000.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 56], "section_span": [56, 56], "content_span": [57, 304]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075951-0000-0000", "contents": "1958 French legislative election\nThe French legislative elections took place on 23 and 30 November 1958 to elect the first National Assembly of the French Fifth Republic.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [32, 32], "content_span": [33, 170]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075951-0001-0000", "contents": "1958 French legislative election\nSince 1954, the French Fourth Republic had been mired in the Algerian War. In May 1958, Pierre Pflimlin, a Christian-Democrat, became Prime Minister. He was known to be in favour of a negotiated settlement with the Algerian nationalists. On 13 May riots broke out in Algiers, with the complicity of the army. A rebel government seized power in Algiers in order to defend \"French Algeria\". The next day, General Massu demanded the return to power of General Charles de Gaulle.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [32, 32], "content_span": [33, 508]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075951-0002-0000", "contents": "1958 French legislative election\nThe rebellious generals took control of Corsica threatening to conduct an assault on Paris, involving paratroopers and armoured forces based at Rambouillet. In Paris, the political leaders were trying to find a compromise. On 1 June De Gaulle replaced Pflimlin to lead a government of national unity and nominated as Ministers of State (Vice-Prime Ministers) Pierre Pflimlin (Popular Republican Movement, MRP), Guy Mollet (French Section of the Workers' International (SFIO), Louis Jacquinot (National Center of Independents and Peasants, CNIP) and F\u00e9lix Houphou\u00ebt-Boigny. He obtained the right to develop a new Constitution. Only the Communists and some center-left politicians such as Pierre Mend\u00e8s-France and Fran\u00e7ois Mitterrand, opposed this \"coup against the Republic\".", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [32, 32], "content_span": [33, 807]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075951-0003-0000", "contents": "1958 French legislative election\nOn 28 September the new Constitution was approved by 79.25% of voters. The Fifth Republic was born. The two-round system was re-established for the legislative elections. The Gaullists created the Union for the New Republic which became the largest parliamentary group. Their opponents were crushed. The small number of left-wing MPs elected may be explained by divisions among left-leaning parties between supporters and opponents to the Fifth Republic: the two-round ballot tends to reward parties which are able to form alliances with each other.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [32, 32], "content_span": [33, 582]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075951-0004-0000", "contents": "1958 French legislative election\nOn 21 December de Gaulle was elected President of France by an electoral college. His Justice Minister Michel Debr\u00e9 became Prime Minister. The pro-Fifth Republic center-left parties (SFIO and Radical Party) left the presidential majority. This established the first gaullist centre-right government.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [32, 32], "content_span": [33, 332]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075952-0000-0000", "contents": "1958 Fresno State Bulldogs football team\nThe 1958 Fresno State Bulldogs football team represented Fresno State College during the 1958 NCAA College Division football season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [40, 40], "content_span": [41, 173]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075952-0001-0000", "contents": "1958 Fresno State Bulldogs football team\nThe team was led by seventh-year head coach Clark Van Galder and played home games at Ratcliffe Stadium on the campus of Fresno City College in Fresno, California. They finished the season as champions of the California Collegiate Athletic Association (CCAA), with a record of five wins and five losses (5\u20135, 4\u20131 CCAA). This started a string of four consecutive CCAA championships, and was the fourth title in five years.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [40, 40], "content_span": [41, 462]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075952-0002-0000", "contents": "1958 Fresno State Bulldogs football team, Team players in the NFL\nNo Fresno State Bulldogs were selected in the 1959 NFL Draft.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [42, 65], "content_span": [66, 127]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075953-0000-0000", "contents": "1958 Furman Purple Hurricane football team\nThe 1958 Furman Purple Hurricane football team was an American football team that represented Furman University as a member of the Southern Conference during the 1958 NCAA University Division football season. In their first season under head coach Bob King, Furman compiled a 2\u20137 record.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 42], "section_span": [42, 42], "content_span": [43, 330]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075954-0000-0000", "contents": "1958 GP Ouest\u2013France\nThe 1958 GP Ouest-France was the 22nd edition of the GP Ouest-France cycle race and was held on 26 August 1958. The race started and finished in Plouay. The race was won by Jean Gainche.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [20, 20], "content_span": [21, 207]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075955-0000-0000", "contents": "1958 Gabonese constitutional referendum\nA referendum on the new constitution of France was held in Gabon on 28 September 1958 as part of a wider referendum held across the French Union. The new constitution would see the country become part of the new French Community if accepted, or result in independence if rejected. It was approved by 92.6% of voters, with a 78.7% turnout.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [39, 39], "content_span": [40, 378]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075956-0000-0000", "contents": "1958 Gator Bowl\nThe 1958 Gator Bowl was a college football postseason bowl game between the Florida Gators and the Ole Miss Rebels.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 15], "section_span": [15, 15], "content_span": [16, 131]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075956-0001-0000", "contents": "1958 Gator Bowl, Background\nThe Rebels finished third in the Southeastern Conference (SEC), earning an invitation to their second straight bowl game and first Gator Bowl. The Gators finished eighth in the SEC, with four teams above them having fewer overall wins. This was their first Gator Bowl since the 1953 game.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 15], "section_span": [17, 27], "content_span": [28, 316]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075956-0002-0000", "contents": "1958 Gator Bowl, Game summary\nThe first two drives turned out to be the only scores in the game. On the opening kickoff, the Rebels returned the ball 80 yards, which set up Jim Anderson's 1-yard touchdown run to give Ole Miss a 7\u20130 lead. On the ensuing kickoff, the Gators drove into the Rebels' territory, scoring on a 27-yard field goal by Billy Booker. There was 7:44 remaining in the first quarter, but for the rest of the game, there were no more points, with Florida and Ole Miss combining for six turnovers.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 15], "section_span": [17, 29], "content_span": [30, 514]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075956-0002-0001", "contents": "1958 Gator Bowl, Game summary\nThe Gators had two chances late in the game, both in the fourth quarter. The Gators recovered a fumble after a quick kick at the Ole Miss 10. On 4th-and-2, the Rebels stuffed Florida to get the ball back. After a punt, the Gators had the ball at the Rebels 26. They managed to drive the ball to the 15, but Bill Churchwell caused a fumble, recovering the ball for Ole Miss. Later in the contest, Jimmy Dunn fumbled a punt return at the 48 of the Gators, with the Rebels recovering with 3:10 remaining. The Rebels held onto the ball for the rest of the game, winning their second straight bowl game.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 15], "section_span": [17, 29], "content_span": [30, 628]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075956-0003-0000", "contents": "1958 Gator Bowl, Aftermath\nThe Gators reached the Gator Bowl two years later. The Rebels went to the Sugar Bowl the next two years, winning both times to claim a share of the national championship.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 15], "section_span": [17, 26], "content_span": [27, 197]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075957-0000-0000", "contents": "1958 Gent\u2013Wevelgem\nThe 1958 Gent\u2013Wevelgem was the 20th edition of the Gent\u2013Wevelgem cycle race and was held on 6 April 1958. The race started in Ghent and finished in Wevelgem. The race was won by No\u00ebl For\u00e9.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 18], "section_span": [18, 18], "content_span": [19, 207]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075958-0000-0000", "contents": "1958 George Washington Colonials football team\nThe 1958 George Washington Colonials football team was an American football team that represented George Washington University as part of the Southern Conference during the 1958 NCAA University Division football season. In their seventh season under head coach Bo Sherman, the team compiled a 3\u20135 record (3\u20132 in the SoCon).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 46], "section_span": [46, 46], "content_span": [47, 370]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075959-0000-0000", "contents": "1958 Georgia Bulldogs football team\nThe 1958 Georgia Bulldogs football team represented the Georgia Bulldogs of the University of Georgia during the 1958 NCAA University Division football season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [35, 35], "content_span": [36, 195]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075960-0000-0000", "contents": "1958 Georgia Tech Yellow Jackets football team\nThe 1958 Georgia Tech Yellow Jackets football team represented the Georgia Institute of Technology during the 1958 NCAA University Division football season. The Yellow Jackets were led by 14th-year head coach Bobby Dodd, played their home games at Grant Field in Atlanta, and compiled a 5\u20134\u20131 record.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 46], "section_span": [46, 46], "content_span": [47, 347]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075960-0001-0000", "contents": "1958 Georgia Tech Yellow Jackets football team\nThe team's statistical leaders included Fred Braselton with 310 passing yards and Floyd Faucette with 473 rushing yards.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 46], "section_span": [46, 46], "content_span": [47, 167]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075961-0000-0000", "contents": "1958 Georgia gubernatorial election\nThe 1958 Georgia gubernatorial election was held on November 4, 1958.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [35, 35], "content_span": [36, 105]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075961-0001-0000", "contents": "1958 Georgia gubernatorial election\nLieutenant Governor Ernest Vandiver won the Democratic primary on September 10 with 80.51% of the vote and 400 out of 410 county unit votes. At this time, Georgia was a one-party state, and the Democratic nomination was tantamount to victory. Vandiver won the November general election without an opponent.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [35, 35], "content_span": [36, 342]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075961-0002-0000", "contents": "1958 Georgia gubernatorial election, Democratic primary, Campaign\nBodenhamer ran a \"biblical segregationist\" campaign  aligned with incumbent Governor Marvin Griffin, whom Vandiver had alienated during their term together. He opened his campaign by showing pictures of Vandiver between two Negro politicians and said, \"Birds of a feather flock together.\" He accused Vandiver of being \"the candidate of the NAACP.\" Vandiver responded by promising that \"no, not one\" black would be admitted to Georgia's white schools.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 65], "content_span": [66, 516]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075961-0003-0000", "contents": "1958 Georgia gubernatorial election, Democratic primary, Campaign\nLee Roy Abernathy, a gospel singer from Canton who frequently appeared on Atlanta television, also ran on a platform promising to diminish the powers of the governor and make monthly television reports to the people of Georgia.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 65], "content_span": [66, 293]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075961-0004-0000", "contents": "1958 Georgia gubernatorial election, Democratic primary, Results\nIn the decisive county unit count, Vandiver won 400 out of 410 votes, with Bodenhamer winning the remaining ten. This was the last primary election held under the county unit rule, which was ruled unconstitutional by the Supreme Court of the United States in Gray v. Sanders.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 64], "content_span": [65, 340]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075962-0000-0000", "contents": "1958 German Grand Prix\nThe 1958 German Grand Prix was a Formula One race held on 3 August 1958 at N\u00fcrburgring. It was race 8 of 11 in the 1958 World Championship of Drivers and race 7 of 10 in the 1958 International Cup for Formula One Manufacturers.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [22, 22], "content_span": [23, 250]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075962-0001-0000", "contents": "1958 German Grand Prix\nTo increase participation, the organizers opened the field to Formula 2 cars. Also, the race distance was shortened to 15 laps from 22 previously. The two races were run at the same time but the Formula 2 entries (shown in yellow) were not eligible for World Championship points and some sources do not consider these starts in career stats. Peter Collins died after an accident on the 11th lap, as rival Tony Brooks went on to victory.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [22, 22], "content_span": [23, 459]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075962-0001-0001", "contents": "1958 German Grand Prix\nOn lap 11 during the race while Collins was pushing his Ferrari to the limit chasing Tony Brooks' Vanwall in the Pflanzgarten section, Collins had a fatal accident as his Ferrari ran too wide, crashed into a ditch and went flying into the air. His car then somersaulted and he struck a tree head first. Although he was given medical treatment he died in hospital later that day. Brooks said in his biography that Collins drove harder than any other driver he had ever faced in his racing career. But others believed he had almost suffered the same incident as Luigi Musso did at the 1958 French Grand Prix earlier that season and that this race had the rivalry that was similar to the Collins and Fangio duel 2 years before.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [22, 22], "content_span": [23, 747]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075963-0000-0000", "contents": "1958 German football championship\nThe 1958 German football championship was the culmination of the football season in the Federal Republic of Germany in 1957\u201358. Schalke 04 were crowned champions for a seventh time after a group stage and a final.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [33, 33], "content_span": [34, 247]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075963-0001-0000", "contents": "1958 German football championship\nIt was the club's first title since 1942 and also its last, as of present. It was won in impressive fashion, Schalke winning all its four finals games, scoring 19 goals and conceding only one; a reminder of how the club dominated German football in the 1930s and early 1940s. On the strength of this title, Schalke participated in the 1958\u201359 European Cup, where it was knocked out in the quarter finals by Atl\u00e9tico Madrid.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [33, 33], "content_span": [34, 457]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075963-0002-0000", "contents": "1958 German football championship\nFor Hamburg, it was the second lost final in a row, having lost 4\u20131 in 1957 to Borussia Dortmund and having to wait another two seasons for its first title since 1928.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [33, 33], "content_span": [34, 201]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075963-0003-0000", "contents": "1958 German football championship\nThe format used to determine the German champion was the same as in the 1957 season. Nine clubs qualified for the tournament, with the runners-up of West and Southwest having to play a qualifying match. The remaining eight clubs then played a single round in two groups of four, with the two group winners entering the final.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [33, 33], "content_span": [34, 359]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075964-0000-0000", "contents": "1958 Giro d'Italia\nThe 1958 Giro d'Italia was the 41st\u00a0running of the Giro d'Italia, one of cycling's Grand Tour races. The Giro started in Milan, on 18 May, with a 178\u00a0km (110.6\u00a0mi) stage and concluded back in Milan, on 8 June, with a 177\u00a0km (110.0\u00a0mi) leg. A total of 120 riders from 15 teams entered the 20-stage race, which was won by Italian Ercole Baldini of the Legnano team. The second and third places were taken by Belgian Jean Brankart and Luxembourgian Charly Gaul, respectively.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 18], "section_span": [18, 18], "content_span": [19, 491]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075964-0001-0000", "contents": "1958 Giro d'Italia, Teams\nA total of 15 teams were invited to participate in the 1958 Giro d'Italia. Each team sent a squad of eight riders, so the Giro began with a peloton of 120 cyclists. Out of the 120 riders that started this edition of the Giro d'Italia, a total of 77 riders made it to the finish in Milan.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 18], "section_span": [20, 25], "content_span": [26, 313]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075964-0002-0000", "contents": "1958 Giro d'Italia, Teams\nThe 15\u00a0teams that took part in the race were:", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 18], "section_span": [20, 25], "content_span": [26, 71]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075964-0003-0000", "contents": "1958 Giro d'Italia, Route and stages\nThe route was released on 27 March 1958 in Saint Vincent.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 18], "section_span": [20, 36], "content_span": [37, 94]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075964-0004-0000", "contents": "1958 Giro d'Italia, Route and stages\nThe photofinish was introduced to the race, which allowed the rider's times to be determined to the hundredth of a second.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 18], "section_span": [20, 36], "content_span": [37, 159]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075964-0005-0000", "contents": "1958 Giro d'Italia, Classification leadership\nOne different jersey was worn during the 1958 Giro d'Italia. The leader of the general classification \u2013 calculated by adding the stage finish times of each rider \u2013 wore a pink jersey. This classification is the most important of the race, and its winner is considered as the winner of the Giro.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 18], "section_span": [20, 45], "content_span": [46, 340]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075964-0006-0000", "contents": "1958 Giro d'Italia, Classification leadership\nFor the points classification, which awarded no jersey to its leader, cyclists were given points for finishing a stage in the top 15. This classification was also known as the Trofeo A. Carli. The mountains classification leader. The climbs were ranked in first and second categories. In this ranking, points were won by reaching the summit of a climb ahead of other cyclists. Although no jersey was awarded, there was also one classification for the teams, in which the stage finish times of the best three cyclists per team were added; the leading team was the one with the lowest total time.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 18], "section_span": [20, 45], "content_span": [46, 640]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075964-0007-0000", "contents": "1958 Giro d'Italia, Final standings, Minor awards\nThe race jury and the director established a classification for awards \"on merit,\" which Giorgio Menini (San Pellegrino) won with six points. With this classification victory, Menini won 300,000 lire. Guido Boni (Bianchi), Guido Carlesi (Chlorodont), Alfredo Zagano (Asborno), Jesus Galdeano (Faema), and Gianni Ferlenghi (Bianchi) placed second in the classification and split 300,000 lire.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 18], "section_span": [20, 49], "content_span": [50, 441]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075965-0000-0000", "contents": "1958 Giro di Lombardia\nThe 1958 Giro di Lombardia, the 52nd edition of the race, was held on October 19, 1958.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [22, 22], "content_span": [23, 110]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075966-0000-0000", "contents": "1958 Glasgow Kelvingrove by-election\nThe Glasgow Kelvingrove by-election of 13 March 1958 was held after the death of Conservative MP (MP) Walter Elliot.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [36, 36], "content_span": [37, 153]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075966-0001-0000", "contents": "1958 Glasgow Kelvingrove by-election\nThe seat was marginal, having been won by the Conservatives at the 1955 United Kingdom general election by just short of 3,000 votes. Elliot's widow Katharine Elliot stood to replace her husband as a Unionist, but she was defeated by Labour's Mary McAlister.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [36, 36], "content_span": [37, 295]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075966-0002-0000", "contents": "1958 Glasgow Kelvingrove by-election, Background\nA former cabinet minister, Walter Elliot had first been elected for the seat in 1924, having previously been MP for Lanark. He had lost the seat in the Labour landslide of 1945, but after sitting as an MP for the Scottish Universities, had fought it again in 1950 and regained it.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 48], "content_span": [49, 329]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075966-0003-0000", "contents": "1958 Glasgow Kelvingrove by-election, Background\nDavid Murray, who stood as a 'Liberal Home-ruler' was not officially endorsed by the Liberal Party, but Scottish Liberal chairman J. M. Bannerman spoke in his favour \"as an individual\".", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 48], "content_span": [49, 234]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075967-0000-0000", "contents": "1958 Glover Trophy\nThe 1958 Glover Trophy was a motor race, run to Formula One rules, held on 7 April 1958 at Goodwood Circuit, England. The race was run over 42 laps of the circuit, and was won by British driver Mike Hawthorn in a Ferrari Dino 246.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 18], "section_span": [18, 18], "content_span": [19, 249]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075968-0000-0000", "contents": "1958 Governor General's Awards\nIn Canada, the 1958 Governor General's Awards for Literary Merit were the twenty-second such awards. The awards in this period were an honour for the authors but had no monetary prize.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [30, 30], "content_span": [31, 215]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075969-0000-0000", "contents": "1958 Grand National\nThe 1958 Grand National was the 112th renewal of the world-famous Grand National horse race that took place at Aintree Racecourse near Liverpool, England, on 29 March 1958.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [19, 19], "content_span": [20, 192]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075969-0001-0000", "contents": "1958 Grand National\nThe field of 31 runners competed for record prize money of nearly \u00a314,000. The race was won by 18/1 shot Mr. What, by a distance of 30 lengths. The eight-year-old was ridden by jockey Arthur Freeman and trained by Tom Taaffe, Sr., and became the fifth Irish winner of the Grand National since the Second World War.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [19, 19], "content_span": [20, 334]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075970-0000-0000", "contents": "1958 Grand Prix motorcycle racing season\nThe 1958 Grand Prix motorcycle racing season was the tenth F.I.M. Road Racing World Championship Grand Prix season. The season consisted of seven Grand Prix races in five classes: 500cc, 350cc, 250cc, 125cc and Sidecars 500cc. It began on 6 June, with Isle of Man TT and ended with Nations Grand Prix in Italy on 14 September.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [40, 40], "content_span": [41, 367]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075970-0001-0000", "contents": "1958 Grand Prix motorcycle racing season, 1958 Grand Prix season calendar\n\u2020 The Nations Grand Prix also held a non-championship 175 cc race, won by the Italian, Francesco Villa.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [42, 73], "content_span": [74, 177]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075970-0002-0000", "contents": "1958 Grand Prix motorcycle racing season, Standings, Scoring system\nPoints were awarded to the top six finishers in each race. Only the four best races counted in 125cc, 250cc, 350cc and 500cc championships, while in the Sidecars the three best results were counted.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [42, 67], "content_span": [68, 266]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075971-0000-0000", "contents": "1958 Great Britain Lions tour\nThe 1958 Great Britain Lions tour was the Great Britain national rugby league team's 11th tour of Australia and New Zealand and took place from May to November 1958. The Lions played 26 games on tour including the three test Ashes series against Australia and two tests against New Zealand.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [29, 29], "content_span": [30, 320]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075971-0001-0000", "contents": "1958 Great Britain Lions tour\nThe Great Britain squad was coached by Jim Brough. The team captain was Alan Prescott from St Helens while Phil Jackson from Barrow was the tour vice-captain. The team managers were Mr B. Manson and Tom Mitchell.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [29, 29], "content_span": [30, 242]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075971-0002-0000", "contents": "1958 Great Britain Lions tour\nThe tour saw a record AU\u00a378,417 in gate receipts with the Lions taking home a profit in excess of \u00a340,000.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [29, 29], "content_span": [30, 136]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075971-0003-0000", "contents": "1958 Great Britain Lions tour, Touring squad\nDuring the tour, players used numbers 1\u201326 in positional order, with full-backs as numbers 1 and 2. The Rugby League News published a  of the touring squad and pen pictures of some players in two groups: , and .", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 44], "content_span": [45, 256]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075971-0004-0000", "contents": "1958 Great Britain Lions tour, Australian leg, Test venues\nThe three Ashes series tests took place at the following venues. As per normal to maximise the gate, two tests were played at the 70,000 capacity Sydney Cricket Ground.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 58], "content_span": [59, 227]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075971-0005-0000", "contents": "1958 Great Britain Lions tour, Australian leg, Test venues\nThe final match before the first Test was often viewed by the home side as a chance to soften up the tourists and that was certainly the case in a violent clash which saw four players dismissed by referee Col Pearce \u2013 Vince Karalius (Great Britain); Greg Hawick, Rex Mossop and Peter Dimond (NSW).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 58], "content_span": [59, 356]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075971-0006-0000", "contents": "1958 Great Britain Lions tour, The Ashes\nThe three Ashes series tests drew an aggregate attendance of 171,060.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 40], "content_span": [41, 110]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075971-0007-0000", "contents": "1958 Great Britain Lions tour, The Ashes, 1st Test\nAfter going through the tour undefeated before the test, the Lions ran into a hungry Australian side who led 10\u20130 after just 10 minutes and led 18\u20130 at halftime in front of 68,777 fans at the SCG.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 50], "content_span": [51, 247]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075971-0008-0000", "contents": "1958 Great Britain Lions tour, The Ashes, 1st Test\nLions test fullback Eric Fraser kicked 15 goals from 18 attempts in the match. Dick Huddart crossed for 4 tries while Eric Ashton and Mick Martyn each scored 3 tries.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 50], "content_span": [51, 217]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075971-0009-0000", "contents": "1958 Great Britain Lions tour, The Ashes, 2nd Test\nInspired by captain Alan Prescott who played on until the end despite breaking his right arm in just the 3rd minute of the game, Great Britain leveled the series at 1\u2013all with a 25\u201318 win over Australia in Brisbane. The injury ended Prescott's tour as a player. At half time, Prescott was offered a pain killing injection but refused, telling team manager Tom Mitchell \"I just can\u2019t got off, Tom. We would be two men short. We have got to win, so I had better help the boys\". Great Britain also lost Dave Bolton with a broken collar bone after just 17 minutes.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 50], "content_span": [51, 611]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075971-0010-0000", "contents": "1958 Great Britain Lions tour, The Ashes, 2nd Test\nWith Vince Karalius and Brian McTigue providing the muscle and teenage scrum-half Alex Murphy providing the class, the Lions had the measure of Australia this day.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 50], "content_span": [51, 214]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075971-0011-0000", "contents": "1958 Great Britain Lions tour, The Ashes, 3rd Test\nFormer Australian captain Ken Kearney played his 31st and last test.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 50], "content_span": [51, 119]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075971-0012-0000", "contents": "1958 Great Britain Lions tour, The Ashes, 3rd Test\nGreat Britain wrapped up The Ashes with a comprehensive 40\u201317 win over Australia in front of another 68,000+ crowd at the Sydney Cricket Ground. As he had done in the second test in Brisbane, 19 year old St Helens scrum-half Alex Murphy tormented the home side and was awarded the Man of the Match. Following the game, Lions players chaired injured captain Alan Prescott (carrying The Ashes cup) on a lap of honour of the ground.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 50], "content_span": [51, 480]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075971-0013-0000", "contents": "1958 Great Britain Lions tour, The Ashes, 3rd Test\nThe following matches took place after the New Zealand leg of the tour.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 50], "content_span": [51, 122]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075971-0014-0000", "contents": "1958 Great Britain Lions tour, The Ashes, 3rd Test\nIn this game against the NSWRFL's Representative Colts (U/21), future Australian captain Reg Gasnier played his first game against Great Britain.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 50], "content_span": [51, 196]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075971-0015-0000", "contents": "1958 Great Britain Lions tour, New Zealand, 1st Test\nJust a week after their Ashes triumph over Australia, Great Britain were brought back down to earth by a committed New Zealand side 15\u201310 at Carlaw Park in Auckland.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 52], "content_span": [53, 218]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075971-0016-0000", "contents": "1958 Great Britain Lions tour, New Zealand, 2nd Test\nWith Alex Murphy returning from injury, Great Britain outclassed New Zealand 32\u201315 in front of 25,000 at Carlaw Park.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 52], "content_span": [53, 170]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075972-0000-0000", "contents": "1958 Greek legislative election\nThis is the current revision of this page, as edited by LC Editing (talk | contribs) at 14:36, 12 April 2020. The present address (URL) is a permanent link to this version.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [31, 31], "content_span": [32, 204]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075972-0001-0000", "contents": "1958 Greek legislative election\nParliamentary elections were held in Greece on 11 May 1958. The result was a second consecutive victory for Constantine Karamanlis and his National Radical Union party, which won 171 of the 300 seats in Parliament.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [31, 31], "content_span": [32, 246]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075972-0002-0000", "contents": "1958 Greek legislative election, Background\nKaramanlis took the decision to call for early elections, after some of the most prominent members of the National Radical Union defected from the party, including George Rallis and Panagis Papaligouras. Although Karamanlis could have a parliamentary majority, he preferred to go for elections, in order to achieve a renewed public support.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 43], "content_span": [44, 384]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075972-0003-0000", "contents": "1958 Greek legislative election, Background\nThe pretext of the defection was a new electoral law that Karamanlis passed. Rallis was opposed to the law, thinking that it is going to be extremely favorable for EDA, a party believed to be linked with the then-banned Communist Party of Greece.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 43], "content_span": [44, 290]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075972-0004-0000", "contents": "1958 Greek legislative election, Background\nThe outcome of the results proved that Rallis' \"fears\" were justified. EDA became the second biggest party, outvoting a divided centre.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 43], "content_span": [44, 179]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075972-0005-0000", "contents": "1958 Greek legislative election, Background\nJust after the elections Karamanlis formed a new government, taking back in his party the defectors.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 43], "content_span": [44, 144]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075972-0006-0000", "contents": "1958 Greek legislative election, Aftermath\nThe unexpected rise of EDA, barely nine years after the end of the Greek Civil War, sent alarms through the right-wing establishment, and measures were taken to combat the emergent \"communist threat\", including the division of the large urban electoral districts of Athens, Piraeus and Thessaloniki so that the left-voting areas would be separated (forming the Athens B, Piraeus B, etc. constituencies), as well as the establishment of a dedicated domestic security agency, the General Directorate of National Security.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 42], "content_span": [43, 562]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075973-0000-0000", "contents": "1958 Green Bay Packers season\nThe 1958 Green Bay Packers season was their 40th season overall and their 38th season in the National Football League. The team finished with a 1\u201310\u20131 record under first-year head coach Ray McLean for a last-place finish in the league in 1958 and the worst record ever posted by a Packers team.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [29, 29], "content_span": [30, 324]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075973-0001-0000", "contents": "1958 Green Bay Packers season\nIn the immortal words of New York sportswriter and Green Bay native Red Smith: \"they overwhelmed one opponent, under-whelmed ten, and whelmed one.\" The tie came in week two and the three-point win in week five; during the seven-game losing streak to end the season the Packers lost by an average margin of over 22 points and got no closer than ten. The Packers finished 1958 allowing a league-worst 382 points in the 12-game season (31.8 points per game).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [29, 29], "content_span": [30, 485]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075973-0002-0000", "contents": "1958 Green Bay Packers season\nMcLean was the top assistant on the coaching staff in 1957 and was given a one-year contract as head coach after Lisle Blackbourn was fired in early January 1958 with a year remaining ($25,000) on a five-year contract. Following the final game of the 1958 season, McLean resigned on December 17, which paved the way for the historic hiring of Vince Lombardi in January 1959.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [29, 29], "content_span": [30, 404]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075973-0003-0000", "contents": "1958 Green Bay Packers season\nThe underachieving 1958 team was loaded with talent, with future hall of famers Bart Starr, Paul Hornung, Jim Taylor, Ray Nitschke, Jim Ringo, Bobby Dillon, Forrest Gregg, and Jerry Kramer, as well as future All-Pros Ron Kramer, Max McGee, Bill Forester, and Dan Currie.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [29, 29], "content_span": [30, 300]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075973-0004-0000", "contents": "1958 Green Bay Packers season, Offseason, NFL Draft\nThe first four rounds of the 1958 Draft were conducted in early December 1957, when Blackbourn was head coach. The remaining 26 rounds were selected in late January. This draft by the Packers is regarded as among the best in NFL history.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 51], "content_span": [52, 289]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075973-0005-0000", "contents": "1958 Green Bay Packers season, Regular season, Standings\nNote: Tie games were not officially counted in the standings until 1972.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 56], "content_span": [57, 129]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075974-0000-0000", "contents": "1958 Greenlandic Football Championship\nThe 1958 Greenlandic Football Championship (also known as the Danish: Fodboldturneringen Gr\u00f8nlandturneringen, Fodboldmesterskab i Gr\u00f8nland or Greenlandic: Angutit Inersimasut GM) was the 2nd edition of the Greenlandic Men's Football Championship. The final round was held in Qaqortoq. It was won by Gr\u00f8nlands Seminarius Sportklub who defeated Kissaviarsuk-33 in the final.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [38, 38], "content_span": [39, 411]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075974-0001-0000", "contents": "1958 Greenlandic Football Championship, Background\nThe first federation to organise a national football championship in Greenland was the GIF (Danish: Gr\u00f8nlands Idr\u00e6tsforening), a general sports federation that organised more than just football tournaments, founded on 3 September 1953 at a meeting attended by eleven clubs from Upernavik, Uummannaq, Qeqertarsuatsiaat, Qasigiannguit, Aasiaat, Sisimiut, Maniitsoq, Nuuk, Paamiut and Qaqortoq. The 1954\u201355 tournament was the first national football tournament and GIF continued to organise the competition, usually announced as Fodboldturneringen, Gr\u00f8nlandturneringen or Fodboldmesterskab i Gr\u00f8nland, until 1970.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 50], "content_span": [51, 661]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075974-0001-0001", "contents": "1958 Greenlandic Football Championship, Background\nFor the first decade of its existence, the tournament was held sporadically, with iterations often taking more than a year to complete. In 1971 a football specific federation, the Football Association of Greenland (Greenlandic: Kalaallit Nunaanni Isikkamik Arsaattartut Kattuffiat; Danish: Gr\u00f8nlands Boldspil-Union), was founded, and took over the organisation of the tournament.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 50], "content_span": [51, 430]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075974-0002-0000", "contents": "1958 Greenlandic Football Championship, Results\nNo results for the season are available, but it is known from reports on their 1972 and 1973 that Gr\u00f8nlands Seminarius Sportklub defeated Kissaviarsuk-33 in the final in Qaqortoq. There does appear to be a degree of confusion surrounding this season however; some reports into the 1966\u201367 season note that the final contested between Nanok and Kissaviarsuk-33 was the second meeting in the national final between these two clubs and that Nanok had been victorious in their first meeting in 1958. RSSSF suggest that this is an error and in fact refers to the following season which was indeed one by Nanok.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 47], "content_span": [48, 653]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075975-0000-0000", "contents": "1958 Grozny riots\nThe Grozny riots of 1958 occurred between 23 and 27 August that year in Grozny (Soviet Union). Although beginning as a small-scale event, it turned a major event in the history of the city, of Chechnya and of Russo-Chechen relations, starting a series of ethnic riots, to continue until 1965.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [17, 17], "content_span": [18, 310]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075975-0001-0000", "contents": "1958 Grozny riots, Immediate and long-term causes\nThe riots were provoked by the killing of one Russian by an Ingush. The Russian, a sailor, had asked an Ingush woman to dance and tried to seduce her, but an Ingush man who was engaged to her intervened and the ensuing confrontation escalated into a brawl in which the Russian ended up dead.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 49], "content_span": [50, 341]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075975-0002-0000", "contents": "1958 Grozny riots, Immediate and long-term causes\nHowever, the real motive of the riots was inter-ethnic conflict between the Russians and Chechen returnees from deportation to Central Asia, most of whom were unemployed, as the Soviet rule did nothing to settle differences. The Russians had been living in the Grozny Oblast for 13 years before they returned in 1957 and resented their return, as they had been living in Vainakh houses on Vainakh land and doing jobs that had been done by Vainakh before the deportation.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 49], "content_span": [50, 520]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075975-0002-0001", "contents": "1958 Grozny riots, Immediate and long-term causes\nThe return of the Vainakh (Chechens and Ingush) caused competition between the two groups over housing and jobs, which was overlaid with historical animosities, quickly escalating. Vainakh (especially Chechens) viewed Russians not only as oppressors but also as illegitimate interlopers living on stolen land. Russians meanwhile viewed Vainakh as being less than them, and furthermore as subversive agents of Turkish interests. Thus, the brawl and the death of the one Russian sailor was only the spark that lit the fuse leading to the formation of the Russian mob that rioted.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 49], "content_span": [50, 627]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075975-0003-0000", "contents": "1958 Grozny riots, Events, Demands to authorities by Russian gathering\nThe riot started initially as an armed gathering of Russians following the funeral for the death of the Russian sailor. 10,000 Russians assembled in the main square of Grozny.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 70], "content_span": [71, 246]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075975-0004-0000", "contents": "1958 Grozny riots, Events, Demands to authorities by Russian gathering\nA Russian female who claimed she had formerly been a member of the regional party committee and the Council of Ministers stood up and voiced the Russians' demands. They included the establishment of \"Russian power\", a mass search and disarming of all Chechens and Ingush (with those found with weapons to be shot on spot) and then the re-expulsion of the Chechens and Ingush.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 70], "content_span": [71, 446]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075975-0005-0000", "contents": "1958 Grozny riots, Events, Demands to authorities by Russian gathering\nOn August 27 (the fifth day of the riot), a number of Russians made the following proposal to the Communist authorities:", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 70], "content_span": [71, 191]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075975-0006-0000", "contents": "1958 Grozny riots, Events, Demands to authorities by Russian gathering\nTaking into consideration the appearance of a savage attitude by the side of the Chechen-Ingush population towards the people of other nationalities, as expressing itself in massacre, murders, violence and harassment, the working people of the town of Grozny in the name of the majority of the population propose:", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 70], "content_span": [71, 384]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075975-0007-0000", "contents": "1958 Grozny riots, Events, Demands to authorities by Russian gathering\nOn the 27th, Major General Stepanov of the Military Aviation School issued an ultimatum to the local Soviet that the Chechens must be sent back to Siberia or otherwise his Russians would \"tear (them) to pieces\".", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 70], "content_span": [71, 282]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075975-0008-0000", "contents": "1958 Grozny riots, Events, Armed Russian mob and the Red Headbands\nThere was evidence of pre-planning in the mob- the Russians of the city (including the communists) pinned red headbands upon their heads so that they would not be taken for Vainakh. The crowd beat to death at least one elderly Chechen from Urus-Martan while the law enforcement officials stood by and watched.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 66], "content_span": [67, 376]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075975-0009-0000", "contents": "1958 Grozny riots, Events, Armed Russian mob and the Red Headbands\nThey stormed the government offices, calling for restoration of the Grozny Oblast and the regulation of the Chechens' return from exile.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 66], "content_span": [67, 203]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075975-0010-0000", "contents": "1958 Grozny riots, Events, Armed Russian mob and the Red Headbands\nThe mob escalated its actions further and further. A crowd of 500 people attacked the post office, and demanded an audience with the central Soviet government in Moscow. The crowd then went to a long-distance telephone station, but was unable to reach Moscow still. At 23:00 on the 27th, the mob marched on the railway station. Their goal was to spread the word to their \"brothers\" (i.e. other Russian inogorods and Cossacks) of what they deemed to be the failure of their authorities to put the Chechens and Ingush in their place (though the Russians simply referred to both peoples collectively as \"Chechens\" or \"bandits\").", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 66], "content_span": [67, 692]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075975-0011-0000", "contents": "1958 Grozny riots, Events, Armed Russian mob and the Red Headbands\nThroughout the whole affair, the non-Russians of the republic did not retaliate and showed large amounts of self-restraint, perhaps hoping against hope that the Russians would be stopped. The authorities only intervened, however, when the Russian/Cossack band began looting government buildings (i.e. the post office, the telephone station and the train station).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 66], "content_span": [67, 430]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075975-0012-0000", "contents": "1958 Grozny riots, Events, Armed Russian mob and the Red Headbands\nThe authorities, up until this point, had been largely sympathetic to the goals of the protesters (and many even participated), not in least because they were all ethnic Russians themselves. However, the capture of the train station by the Russians and Cossacks was the last straw. Around the midnight after August 27, they approached the protester-held train station, hoping to reestablish law and order without a fight. However, the Russian mob, already highly excited, began pelting them with stones and various hard objects.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 66], "content_span": [67, 595]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075975-0013-0000", "contents": "1958 Grozny riots, Events, Armed Russian mob and the Red Headbands\nIn the end, the protesters left the station and life returned to normal. Although the protest was condemned as \"chauvinistic\" and \"anti-Soviet\", none were held accountable for their actions later, and the new regional government afterwards adopted a policy of viewing all Chechen aspirations as Turkish agent work and admiration for the brutal conquerors of Chechnya such as Yermolov.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 66], "content_span": [67, 451]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075976-0000-0000", "contents": "1958 Guatemalan general election\nGeneral elections were held in Guatemala on 19 January 1958 after the 1957 elections were nullified. After no candidate received 50% or more of the national vote, Miguel Yd\u00edgoras Fuentes was elected President by Congress on 12 February, whilst an alliance of the National Democratic Reconciliation Party, Nationalist Democratic Party, the Nationalist Liberal Party, the Democratic National Association and the National Anti- Communist Front won 40 of the 66 seats in Congress.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [32, 32], "content_span": [33, 509]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075977-0000-0000", "contents": "1958 Guinean constitutional referendum\nA constitutional referendum was held in Guinea on 28 September 1958 as part of a wider referendum across the French Union (and France itself) on whether to adopt the new French Constitution; if accepted, colonies would become part of the new French Community; if rejected, the territory would be granted independence.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [38, 38], "content_span": [39, 356]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075977-0001-0000", "contents": "1958 Guinean constitutional referendum\nAlongside Niger, Guinea was one of only two territories where the major political party campaigned for a \"no\" vote, and ultimately was the only colony to reject the constitution and opt for independence. The Democratic Party of Guinea, which had won all but four seats in the Territorial Assembly election the previous year under the leadership of Ahmed S\u00e9kou Tour\u00e9, pushed for a rejection of the constitution, and on 19 October the party severed its ties with the African Democratic Rally, whose other members were in favour of retaining ties with France.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [38, 38], "content_span": [39, 595]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075977-0002-0000", "contents": "1958 Guinean constitutional referendum\nThe results showed that more than 95% of voters voted against the constitution, with a turnout of 85.5%.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [38, 38], "content_span": [39, 143]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075977-0003-0000", "contents": "1958 Guinean constitutional referendum, Aftermath\nFollowing the referendum, Guinea declared independence on 2 October. The French government reacted badly to the result, and although Tour\u00e9 had not been seeking it, withdrew totally from the country and halted any development assistance. As a result, the Guinean government turned to the Communist bloc to request aid, a step which the French government used in pressuring Western countries not to accept the Guinean independence. Upon independence Tour\u00e9 assumed the office of President, and the country soon became a one-party state. Despite various assassination attempts and coup plots, Tour\u00e9 ruled until his death in 1984.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 49], "content_span": [50, 675]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075978-0000-0000", "contents": "1958 Hardin\u2013Simmons Cowboys football team\nThe 1958 Hardin\u2013Simmons Cowboys football team was an American football team that represented Hardin\u2013Simmons University in the Border Conference during the 1958 NCAA University Division football season. In its fourth year under head coach Sammy Baugh, the team compiled a 6\u20135 record (4\u20130 against conference opponents), won the conference championship, lost to Wyoming in the 1958 Sun Bowl, and outscored all opponents by a total of 176 to 141. The team played its three home games at Parramore Stadium, also known as Parramore Field.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 41], "section_span": [41, 41], "content_span": [42, 574]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075978-0001-0000", "contents": "1958 Hardin\u2013Simmons Cowboys football team\nThe team's statistical leaders included quarterback Harold Stephens with 706 passing yards, fullback Pete Hart with 785 rushing yards, and end Sammy Oates with 402 receiving yards. Five of the team's players were honored on the 1958 All-Border Conference football team: Hart; Oates; guard Joe Biggs, halfback Dewey Bohling, and tackle Ted Edmondson.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 41], "section_span": [41, 41], "content_span": [42, 391]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075978-0002-0000", "contents": "1958 Hardin\u2013Simmons Cowboys football team\nFive Hardin-Simmons players were named to the 1958 All-Border Conference football team: guard Joe Biggs; halfback Dewey Bohling; tackle Ted Edmondson; fullback Pete Hart; and end Sammy Oates.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 41], "section_span": [41, 41], "content_span": [42, 233]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075979-0000-0000", "contents": "1958 Harelbeke\u2013Antwerp\u2013Harelbeke\nThe 1958 Harelbeke\u2013Antwerp\u2013Harelbeke was the inaugural edition of the E3 Harelbeke cycle race and was held on 3 May 1958. The race started and finished in Harelbeke. The race was won by Armand Desmet.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [32, 32], "content_span": [33, 233]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075980-0000-0000", "contents": "1958 Harvard Crimson football team\nThe 1958 Harvard Crimson football team was an American football team that represented Harvard University as a member of the Ivy League during the 1958 NCAA University Division football season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [34, 34], "content_span": [35, 227]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075980-0001-0000", "contents": "1958 Harvard Crimson football team\nIn their second year under head coach John Yovicsin, the Crimson compiled a 4\u20135 record and outscored opponents 149 to 99. Robert T. Shaunessy was the team captain.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [34, 34], "content_span": [35, 198]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075980-0002-0000", "contents": "1958 Harvard Crimson football team\nHarvard's 3\u20134 conference record placed sixth in the Ivy League. The Crimson outscored Ivy opponents 126 to 93.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [34, 34], "content_span": [35, 145]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075980-0003-0000", "contents": "1958 Harvard Crimson football team\nHarvard played its home games at Harvard Stadium in the Allston neighborhood of Boston, Massachusetts.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [34, 34], "content_span": [35, 137]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075981-0000-0000", "contents": "1958 Hawaii Rainbows football team\nThe 1958 Hawaii Rainbows football team represented the University of Hawai\u02bbi at M\u0101noa as an independent during the 1958 NCAA College Division football season. In their seventh season under head coach Hank Vasconcellos, the Rainbows compiled a 5\u20137 record.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [34, 34], "content_span": [35, 289]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075982-0000-0000", "contents": "1958 Hawthorn Football Club season\nThe 1958 season was the Hawthorn Football Club's 34th season in the Victorian Football League and 57th overall.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [34, 34], "content_span": [35, 146]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075982-0001-0000", "contents": "1958 Hawthorn Football Club season, Fixture, Night Series Cup\nThe night series went back to the format with only the teams that didn't qualify for finals competing in the series.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [36, 61], "content_span": [62, 178]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075983-0000-0000", "contents": "1958 Holy Cross Crusaders football team\nThe 1958 Holy Cross Crusaders football team was an American football team that represented the College of the Holy Cross as an independent during the 1958 NCAA University Division football season. In its 15th year under head coach Eddie Anderson, the team compiled a 6\u20133 record. The team played its home games at Fitton Field in Worcester, Massachusetts.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [39, 39], "content_span": [40, 394]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075983-0001-0000", "contents": "1958 Holy Cross Crusaders football team\nThe team's statistical leaders included Tom Greene with 976 passing yards, Joe Stagnone with 223 rushing yards and 18 points scored, and Dave Stecchi with 331 receiving yards.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [39, 39], "content_span": [40, 215]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075984-0000-0000", "contents": "1958 Houston Cougars football team\nThe 1958 Houston Cougars football team represented the University of Houston in the 1958 NCAA University Division football season. In Hal Lahar's second year as head coach, the Cougars compiled a 5\u20134 record, 2\u20132 against conference opponents, and outscored opponents by a total of 209 to 161.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [34, 34], "content_span": [35, 326]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075985-0000-0000", "contents": "1958 Humboldt State Lumberjacks football team\nThe 1958 Humboldt State Lumberjacks football team represented Humboldt State College during the 1958 NCAA College Division football season. Humboldt State competed in the Far Western Conference (FWC).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 45], "section_span": [45, 45], "content_span": [46, 246]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075985-0001-0000", "contents": "1958 Humboldt State Lumberjacks football team\nThe 1958 Lumberjacks were led by eighth-year head coach Phil Sarboe. They played home games at the Redwood Bowl in Arcata, California. Humboldt State finished with a record of seven wins, two losses and one tie (7\u20132\u20131, 3\u20132 FWC). The Lumberjacks outscored their opponents 176\u2013109 for the season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 45], "section_span": [45, 45], "content_span": [46, 340]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075985-0002-0000", "contents": "1958 Humboldt State Lumberjacks football team, Team players in the NFL\nNo Humboldt State players were selected in the 1959 NFL Draft.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 45], "section_span": [47, 70], "content_span": [71, 133]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075986-0000-0000", "contents": "1958 Hungarian parliamentary election\nParliamentary elections were held in Hungary on 16 November 1958. They were the first elections held after the Hungarian Revolution of 1956. The Communist Hungarian Working People's Party had been reorganized as the Hungarian Socialist Workers' Party, under the leadership of a more moderate Communist, J\u00e1nos K\u00e1d\u00e1r. However, as was the case during the era of M\u00e1ty\u00e1s R\u00e1kosi, voters were presented with a single list of Communists and pro-Communist independents. The Socialist Workers' Party won 276 of the 338 seats, with the remaining 62 going to independents.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [37, 37], "content_span": [38, 598]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075987-0000-0000", "contents": "1958 Huslia earthquake\nThe 1958 Huslia earthquake on April 7 struck in an unusual part of state, near the small city of Huslia, about 415 km from Fairbanks. The mb\u202f7.3 earthquake is one of two magnitude 7.0 or greater earthquakes recorded north of 65\u00b0 latitude, the other being the 1933 Baffin Bay earthquake, and is one of the strongest earthquakes within the interior of Alaska. The earthquake was a result of compression of the crust due to the subduction of the Pacific Plate under the North American Plate.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [22, 22], "content_span": [23, 511]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075987-0001-0000", "contents": "1958 Huslia earthquake, Earthquake\nThe earthquake was unusual for its location because it was situated in a geologically stable part of the North American Plate, more that 965 km from the Alaska-Aleutian Subduction Zone, the nearest plate boundary. There are no known visible fault traces in the immediate vicinity of the earthquake other than a thrust fault under the Brooks Range and another strike-slip feature known as the Kaltag Fault. The Koyukuk Basin consists of accretion of volcanic arcs from the Middle Jurassic to Early Cretaceous. P-wave analysis suggests that the earthquake was a result of thrust faulting at a depth of 6 km. The fault plane solution is either a shallow north-northwest dipping plane of steep south-southwest dipping plane. The earthquake was followed by two moderate aftershocks on April 8 and 12 respectively.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [24, 34], "content_span": [35, 843]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075987-0002-0000", "contents": "1958 Huslia earthquake, Earthquake, Effects\nShaking from the earthquake reached VIII on the Mercalli intensity scale at its maximum within a radius of 40 to 50 miles while shaking in general was felt for an area of 150,000 square miles. Ice cracks and liquefaction was reported for an area of 400 square miles. Pressure ridges, lakes thawing, and craters 20 feet across and 6 feet deep were reported during a survey. In Huslia, minor damage to roofs and foundations. An old building in Stevens Village was declared unsafe after it was seen that poles supporting its roof had split and broken. Ice from a frozen river cracked and ground fissures opened at Tanana. More damage was reported in other towns.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [24, 43], "content_span": [44, 703]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075988-0000-0000", "contents": "1958 ICF Canoe Sprint World Championships\nThe 1958 ICF Canoe Sprint World Championships were held in Prague, Czechoslovakia. This event was held under the auspices of the International Canoe Federation.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 41], "section_span": [41, 41], "content_span": [42, 202]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075988-0001-0000", "contents": "1958 ICF Canoe Sprint World Championships\nThe men's competition consisted of four Canadian (single paddle, open boat) and nine kayak events. Two events were held for the women, both in kayak. This was the fifth championships in canoe sprint.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 41], "section_span": [41, 41], "content_span": [42, 241]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075988-0002-0000", "contents": "1958 ICF Canoe Sprint World Championships\nThe Soviet Union won their first medals at these championships.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 41], "section_span": [41, 41], "content_span": [42, 105]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075989-0000-0000", "contents": "1958 ISSF World Shooting Championships\nThe 37th UIT World Shooting Championships was the contemporary name of the ISSF World Shooting Championships in all ISSF shooting events that were held in Moscow, Russia, the Soviet Union in 1958. For the first time ever, specific women's and junior events (50 metre rifle three positions and 50+100 metre rifle prone) were included.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [38, 38], "content_span": [39, 372]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075990-0000-0000", "contents": "1958 Ice Hockey World Championships\nThe 1958 Ice Hockey World Championships were held between February 28 and March 9, 1958, in Oslo, Norway at the Jordal Amfi arena. The Whitby Dunlops represented Canada, winning the World Championship for the 17th time. The Soviets lost the final game to the Canadians 4\u20132, settling for both silver and their fourth European Championship. Scoring leader Connie Broden is the only player to win the Stanley Cup and the World Championship in the same year, having played on the Montreal Canadiens' championship team.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [35, 35], "content_span": [36, 550]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075991-0000-0000", "contents": "1958 Idaho Vandals football team\nThe 1958 Idaho Vandals football team represented the University of Idaho in the 1958 NCAA University Division football season. The Vandals were led by fifth-year head coach Skip Stahley and were members of the Pacific Coast Conference, which disbanded the following spring. Home games were played on campus at Neale Stadium in Moscow, with one home game in Boise at old Bronco Stadium at Boise Junior College.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [32, 32], "content_span": [33, 442]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075991-0001-0000", "contents": "1958 Idaho Vandals football team\nThe Vandals suffered a fourth straight loss in the Battle of the Palouse with neighbor Washington State, blanked 0\u20138 at home on October 11. In the rivalry game with Montana at Missoula, the Vandals ran their winning streak over the Grizzlies to seven and retained the Little Brown Stein.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [32, 32], "content_span": [33, 320]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075991-0002-0000", "contents": "1958 Idaho Vandals football team, Notable players\nAlthough Jerry Kramer and Wayne Walker began their long careers in the NFL in 1958, the Vandals retained some notable players.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 49], "content_span": [50, 176]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075991-0003-0000", "contents": "1958 Idaho Vandals football team, Notable players\nJunior Jim Norton of Fullerton, California was a safety and punter for nine seasons with the Houston Oilers; he was the all-time interceptions leader in the American Football League and his #43 was the first retired by the franchise.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 49], "content_span": [50, 283]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075991-0004-0000", "contents": "1958 Idaho Vandals football team, Notable players\nJim Prestel of Indianapolis was a defensive tackle for eight seasons in the NFL, primarily with the expansion Minnesota Vikings. A redshirt junior, he missed most of the previous season due to his mother's terminal illness. Selected in the sixth round of the 1959 NFL Draft, 70th overall, he was granted another year of eligibility and played for Idaho in 1959 and began his pro career with the Cleveland Browns in 1960. Prestel was also a standout player on the Vandal basketball team. He played in his final game at Idaho in the Battle of the Palouse in late October with a broken foot, then was sidelined and missed the basketball season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 49], "content_span": [50, 691]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075991-0005-0000", "contents": "1958 Idaho Vandals football team, All-Coast\nNo Vandals made the All-Coast team, but tackle Pete Johnson was a second team selection. Honorable mention were tackle Jim Prestel, guard Jim Roussos, and back Bob Dehlinger.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 43], "content_span": [44, 218]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075991-0006-0000", "contents": "1958 Idaho Vandals football team, NFL Draft\n^ Prestel was granted another year of eligibility and played for Idaho in 1959.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 43], "content_span": [44, 123]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075991-0007-0000", "contents": "1958 Idaho Vandals football team, NFL Draft\nTwo fifth-year seniors were previously selected in the 1958 NFL Draft:", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 43], "content_span": [44, 114]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075992-0000-0000", "contents": "1958 Idaho gubernatorial election\nThe 1958 Idaho gubernatorial election was held on November 4, 1958. Incumbent Republican Robert E. Smylie defeated Democratic nominee Alfred M. Derr with 50.96% of the vote.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [33, 33], "content_span": [34, 207]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075993-0000-0000", "contents": "1958 Illinois Fighting Illini football team\nThe 1958 Illinois Fighting Illini football team was an American football team that represented the University of Illinois during the 1958 Big Ten Conference football season. In their 17th year under head coach Ray Eliot, the Illini compiled a 4\u20135 record and finished in sixth place in the Big Ten Conference. Center Gene Cherney was selected as the team's most valuable player.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 43], "section_span": [43, 43], "content_span": [44, 421]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075994-0000-0000", "contents": "1958 Illinois elections\nElections were held in Illinois on Tuesday, November 4, 1958.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [23, 23], "content_span": [24, 85]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075994-0001-0000", "contents": "1958 Illinois elections, Election information\n1958 was a midterm election year in the United States.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 45], "content_span": [46, 100]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075994-0002-0000", "contents": "1958 Illinois elections, Election information, Turnout\nIn the primary election, 1,594,388 ballots were cast (831,502 Democratic and 762,886 Republican).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 54], "content_span": [55, 152]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075994-0003-0000", "contents": "1958 Illinois elections, Election information, Turnout\nIn the general election, turnout was 67.72% with 3,427,278 ballots cast.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 54], "content_span": [55, 127]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075994-0004-0000", "contents": "1958 Illinois elections, Federal elections, United States House\nAll 25 Illinois seats in the United States House of Representatives were up for election in 1958.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 63], "content_span": [64, 161]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075994-0005-0000", "contents": "1958 Illinois elections, Federal elections, United States House\nDemocrats flipped three Republican-held seats, leaving the Illinois House delegation to consist of 14 Democrats and 11 Republicans.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 63], "content_span": [64, 195]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075994-0006-0000", "contents": "1958 Illinois elections, State elections, Treasurer\nIncumbent Treasurer, Republican Elmer J. Hoffman, did not seek reelection, instead running successfully for Illinois's 14th congressional district. Democrat Joseph D. Lohman was elected to succeed him, defeating former two-term Illinois Treasurer, Republican Warren Wright.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 51], "content_span": [52, 325]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075994-0007-0000", "contents": "1958 Illinois elections, State elections, Treasurer, Republican primary\nFormer treasurer Warren Wright won the Republican primary, defeating State Representative Louis E. Beckman Jr.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 71], "content_span": [72, 182]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075994-0008-0000", "contents": "1958 Illinois elections, State elections, Superintendent of Public Instruction\nIncumbent  Superintendent of Public Instruction Vernon L. Nickell, a fourth-term Republican, did not seek reelection. Democrat George T. Wilkins was elected to succeed him.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 78], "content_span": [79, 251]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075994-0009-0000", "contents": "1958 Illinois elections, State elections, State Senate\nSeats in the Illinois Senate were up for election in 1958. Republicans retained control of the chamber.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 54], "content_span": [55, 158]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075994-0010-0000", "contents": "1958 Illinois elections, State elections, State House of Representatives\nSeats in the Illinois House of Representatives were up for election in 1958. Democrats flipped control of the chamber.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 72], "content_span": [73, 191]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075994-0011-0000", "contents": "1958 Illinois elections, State elections, Trustees of University of Illinois\nAn election was held for three of nine seats for Trustees of University of Illinois.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 76], "content_span": [77, 161]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075994-0012-0000", "contents": "1958 Illinois elections, State elections, Trustees of University of Illinois\nThe election saw the reelection of one-term member former member Harold Pogue and the election of new Democratic members Howard W. Clement, Richard A. Harewood.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 76], "content_span": [77, 237]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075994-0013-0000", "contents": "1958 Illinois elections, State elections, Trustees of University of Illinois\nThe election saw third-term incumbent Republican Park Livingston, second term Republican incumbent Doris Simpson Holt and first-term incumbent Republican Cushman B. Bissell lose reelection.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 76], "content_span": [77, 266]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075994-0014-0000", "contents": "1958 Illinois elections, State elections, Judicial elections, Lower courts\nOn June 8, 1958 the Superior Court of Cook County held three regular elections and two special elections. On September 2, 1958, a special election was held for a vacant seat on the 12th Judicial Circuit.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 74], "content_span": [75, 278]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075994-0015-0000", "contents": "1958 Illinois elections, State elections, Ballot measures\nTwo ballot measures were put before voters in 1958. One was a legislatively referred state statute and one was a legislatively referred constitutional amendment.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 57], "content_span": [58, 219]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075994-0016-0000", "contents": "1958 Illinois elections, State elections, Ballot measures\nIn order to be approved, legislatively referred state statues required the support of a majority of those voting on the statute. In order to be placed on the ballot, proposed legislatively referred constitutional amendments needed to be approved by two-thirds of each house of the Illinois General Assembly. In order to be approved, they required approval of either two-thirds of those voting on the amendment itself or a majority of all ballots cast in the general elections.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 57], "content_span": [58, 534]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075994-0017-0000", "contents": "1958 Illinois elections, State elections, Ballot measures, Amendments to Illinois Banking Act\nAmendments to Illinois Banking was approved by voters as a legislatively referred state statute. It made modified the state's banking law.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 93], "content_span": [94, 232]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075994-0018-0000", "contents": "1958 Illinois elections, State elections, Ballot measures, Judicial Article Amendment\nThe Judicial Article Amendment, a legislatively referred constitutional amendment which amended Article VI of the 1870 Constitution of Illinois, failed to meet either threshold for approval.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 85], "content_span": [86, 276]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075994-0019-0000", "contents": "1958 Illinois elections, State elections, Ballot measures, Judicial Article Amendment\nIn order for constitutional amendments to be passed by voters, they required either two-thirds support among those specifically voting on the measure or 50% support among all ballots cast in the elections.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 85], "content_span": [86, 291]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075995-0000-0000", "contents": "1958 Indian Rajya Sabha elections\nRajya Sabha elections were held in 1958, to elect members of the Rajya Sabha, Indian Parliament's upper chamber.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [33, 33], "content_span": [34, 146]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075995-0001-0000", "contents": "1958 Indian Rajya Sabha elections, Elections\nElections were held in 1958 to elect members from various states. The list is incomplete.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 44], "content_span": [45, 134]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075995-0002-0000", "contents": "1958 Indian Rajya Sabha elections, Elections, Members elected\nThe following members are elected in the elections held in 1958. They are members for the term 1958-64 and retire in year 1964, except in case of the resignation or death before the term.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 61], "content_span": [62, 249]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075995-0003-0000", "contents": "1958 Indian Rajya Sabha elections, Bye-elections\nThe following bye elections were held in the year 1958.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 48], "content_span": [49, 104]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075996-0000-0000", "contents": "1958 Indiana Hoosiers football team\nThe 1958 Indiana Hoosiers football team represented the Indiana Hoosiers in the 1958 Big Ten Conference football season. They participated as members of the Big Ten Conference. The Hoosiers played their home games at Memorial Stadium in Bloomington, Indiana. The team was coached by Phil Dickens, in his first year as head coach of the Hoosiers.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [35, 35], "content_span": [36, 381]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075997-0000-0000", "contents": "1958 Indianapolis 500\nThe 42nd International 500-Mile Sweepstakes was held at the Indianapolis Motor Speedway on Friday, May 30, 1958. The event was part of the 1958 USAC National Championship Trail, and was also race 4 of 11 in the 1958 World Championship of Drivers.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [21, 21], "content_span": [22, 268]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075997-0001-0000", "contents": "1958 Indianapolis 500\nThe race is best known for a massive first-lap, 15-car pileup that resulted in the death of fan-favorite driver Pat O'Connor.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [21, 21], "content_span": [22, 147]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075997-0002-0000", "contents": "1958 Indianapolis 500\nJimmy Bryan was the race winner. This marked the first time that one car would carry two drivers to separate wins at the race, in back-to-back years, with Sam Hanks winning the previous year's race in the same car.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [21, 21], "content_span": [22, 236]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075997-0003-0000", "contents": "1958 Indianapolis 500\nThe race featured young rookie A. J. Foyt's debut at Indy. On lap 148, he spun in an oil slick, blew out the tires, and dropped out of the race.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [21, 21], "content_span": [22, 166]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075997-0004-0000", "contents": "1958 Indianapolis 500\nJuan Manuel Fangio arrived at Indy under much fanfare as he attempted to qualify for the Indy 500 and score points towards the World Championship. He practiced early in the month, but withdrew when he could not get up to speed.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [21, 21], "content_span": [22, 249]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075997-0005-0000", "contents": "1958 Indianapolis 500, Race summary, Opening lap crash \u2013 Death of Pat O'Connor\nFor the second year in a row, the starting grid was assembled single-file in the pit lane. The cars were instructed to pull away and assemble into the official eleven rows of three after they entered the racing surface. Confusion occurred on the pace lap, however, as the three drivers of the front row (Dick Rathmann, Ed Elisian, and Jimmy Reece) pulled away, and inadvertently escaped the pace car. The three cars were alone, and rather than wait for the grid to catch up, they rushed around to catch up to the back of the field.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [23, 78], "content_span": [79, 610]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075997-0005-0001", "contents": "1958 Indianapolis 500, Race summary, Opening lap crash \u2013 Death of Pat O'Connor\nSam Hanks pulled the pace car off the track and into the pits, but chief starter Bill Vanderwater displayed the yellow flag to wave off the start. An extra pace lap was allowed, and the front row re-took their position at the front of the pack. By the time Hanks was ready to pull the pace car back out on the track, the field had re-formed, and Vanderwater gave them the green flag.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [23, 78], "content_span": [79, 462]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075997-0006-0000", "contents": "1958 Indianapolis 500, Race summary, Opening lap crash \u2013 Death of Pat O'Connor\nAt the start, Dick Rathmann took the lead in turn 1, Ed Elisian was second, and Jimmy Reece third. As the cars went down the backstretch, they battled into turn three. Elisian spun and took Rathmann to the outside wall, triggering a huge 15-car pileup. Reece braked and was hit from behind by Pat O'Connor. O'Connor's car sailed fifty feet in the air, landed upside down and burst into flames. Several other cars spun to the wall and into the infield. Jerry Unser touched wheels with Paul Goldsmith, and flipped over the outside wall. Unser suffered a dislocated shoulder.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [23, 78], "content_span": [79, 651]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075997-0007-0000", "contents": "1958 Indianapolis 500, Race summary, Opening lap crash \u2013 Death of Pat O'Connor\nAlthough O'Connor was incinerated in the accident, medical officials said that he was probably killed instantly from a fractured skull. Widely blamed for the accident, Elisian was suspended by USAC for the accident (reinstated a few days later), and was shunned by many in the racing community.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [23, 78], "content_span": [79, 373]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075997-0008-0000", "contents": "1958 Indianapolis 500, Race summary, Opening lap crash \u2013 Death of Pat O'Connor\nFollowing the accident, race officials announced that they would change the starting procedure, abandoning the single-file trip down pit lane that was used in 1957 and 1958. Also, for the 1959 Indy 500, metal roll bars welded to the frame behind the driver's head were mandated, and helmets were required to pass safety certification by Speedway medical officials.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [23, 78], "content_span": [79, 443]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075997-0009-0000", "contents": "1958 Indianapolis 500, Race summary, First half\nJimmy Bryan escaped the opening lap crash, and came around to lead the first lap. Eddie Sachs and Tony Bettenhausen also got by unscathed, to run second and third. Due to the crash, the yellow light stayed on for the first 25 minutes (18 laps). Four of the top five starting positions were out of the race from the crash, including polesitter Dick Rathmann, who placed 27th.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [23, 47], "content_span": [48, 422]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075997-0010-0000", "contents": "1958 Indianapolis 500, Race summary, First half\nWhen the green flag conditions came out, Bryan, Sachs, Bettenhausen, and rookie George Amick all traded time in the lead. There were 14 lead changes in the first half.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [23, 47], "content_span": [48, 215]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075997-0011-0000", "contents": "1958 Indianapolis 500, Race summary, First half\nThe second yellow came out on lap 38 when Chuck Weyant crashed in turn 4.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [23, 47], "content_span": [48, 121]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075997-0012-0000", "contents": "1958 Indianapolis 500, Race summary, First half\nEddie Sachs, a contender in the first quarter of the race, dropped out on lap 68 with transmission trouble.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [23, 47], "content_span": [48, 155]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075997-0013-0000", "contents": "1958 Indianapolis 500, Race summary, Second half\nThe second half of the race settled down to a battle between Jimmy Bryan and Johnny Boyd, with George Amick also in contention. However, Boyd lost the lead during a pit stop on lap 126. Bryan's team had fast pit stops (three stops for 1 minute and 31 seconds), which allowed him to hold the lead.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [23, 48], "content_span": [49, 345]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075997-0014-0000", "contents": "1958 Indianapolis 500, Race summary, Second half\nBryan led the final 75 laps (139 total) en route to victory. Bryan was victorious in the same car in which Sam Hanks won the 500 a year earlier. Amick, a rookie, stayed within striking distance of Bryan for the last part of the race, but Amick's crew chief decided to accept a safe second-place rather than risk pushing his rookie driver into a mistake.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [23, 48], "content_span": [49, 402]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075997-0015-0000", "contents": "1958 Indianapolis 500, Race summary, Second half\nDuring the race as the news of Pat O'Connor's death spread around the track, the mood among the spectators became somber and glum. Reportedly, some in attendance left the grounds upon hearing the news of the fatality, some never to return.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [23, 48], "content_span": [49, 288]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075997-0016-0000", "contents": "1958 Indianapolis 500, Broadcasting, Radio\nThe race was carried live on the IMS Radio Network. Sid Collins served as chief announcer. The broadcast reached 302 affiliates across all 48 states, as well as Armed Forces Network and Voice of America. For the final time, a 15-minute pre-race was used. The following year, the pre-race would be expanded to 30 minutes. The broadcast featured the debut of Lou Palmer, who reported from the normally quiet and remote third turn. However, on the opening lap, Palmer was quickly thrust into duty, as his first words on the network were to describe the massive 15-car pileup and fatal accident of Pat O'Connor.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [23, 42], "content_span": [43, 650]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075997-0017-0000", "contents": "1958 Indianapolis 500, Broadcasting, Radio\nAnd we've got an accident here! Car #5! Car #5, the Zink Special, is the first to wreck! Another over the wall! And we've got...one, two, three, four, five...six cars, piled up here, on the northeast turn! The 54 Novi into the infield...car #19 in the infield, 68 now down into the infield...and it's almost impossible to identify the others. Out of car #5, now, is Ed Elisian...and, er, car #91 against the wall...that is all that we can see at the moment. Further down the track, there are still others. ...", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [23, 42], "content_span": [43, 552]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075997-0017-0001", "contents": "1958 Indianapolis 500, Broadcasting, Radio\nOne car has left this track, Sid, and did go over the retaining wall. That's all of the information we can give you at the moment...we will check each car for you, and report on all of them as soon as we can. Right now, better send it to you Sid, in the tower...", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [23, 42], "content_span": [43, 305]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075997-0018-0000", "contents": "1958 Indianapolis 500, Broadcasting, Radio\nAmong the guests that visited the booth was Pete DePaolo.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [23, 42], "content_span": [43, 100]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075997-0019-0000", "contents": "1958 Indianapolis 500, Broadcasting, Radio\nIn 2019, this entire race's radio broadcast became available as a paid digital download form the Indianapolis Motor Speedway website.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [23, 42], "content_span": [43, 176]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075997-0020-0000", "contents": "1958 Indianapolis 500, Broadcasting, Radio\nTurn 1: Bill FroshTurn 2: Bob RhodesBackstretch: Bernie HermanTurn 3: Lou PalmerTurn 4: Jim Shelton", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [23, 42], "content_span": [43, 142]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075998-0000-0000", "contents": "1958 Individual Long Track European Championship\nThe 1958 Individual Long Track European Championship was the second edition of the Long Track European Championship. The event was held on 15 June 1958 in M\u00fchldorf, West Germany.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 48], "section_span": [48, 48], "content_span": [49, 227]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075998-0001-0000", "contents": "1958 Individual Long Track European Championship\nThe  title was won by Josef Hofmeister of West Germany.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 48], "section_span": [48, 48], "content_span": [49, 104]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075999-0000-0000", "contents": "1958 Individual Speedway World Championship\nThe 1958 Individual Speedway World Championship was the 13th edition of the official World Championship to determine the world champion rider.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 43], "section_span": [43, 43], "content_span": [44, 186]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075999-0001-0000", "contents": "1958 Individual Speedway World Championship\nIn the  World final New Zealander Barry Briggs successfully defended his title and was unbeaten after five heat wins. Ove Fundin took the silver medal but their was an incident filled ride off for the bronze medal. Aub Lawson won that ride off after both Peter Craven and Ken McKinlay fell, Craven remounted to take fourth place.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 43], "section_span": [43, 43], "content_span": [44, 373]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00075999-0002-0000", "contents": "1958 Individual Speedway World Championship, World final, Classification\nm - exclusion for exceeding two minute time allowance \u2022  t - exclusion for touching the tapes \u2022  x - other exclusion \u2022  e - retired or mechanical failure \u2022  f - fell \u2022  ns - non-starter \u2022  nc - non-classify", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 43], "section_span": [45, 72], "content_span": [73, 279]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076000-0000-0000", "contents": "1958 Inter-Cities Fairs Cup Final\nThe 1958 Inter-Cities Fairs Cup Final was the final of the first Inter-Cities Fairs Cup. It was played on 5 March and 1 May 1958 between London XI of England and Barcelona XI (represented by Barcelona). Barcelona XI won the tie 8\u20132 on aggregate.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [33, 33], "content_span": [34, 279]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076001-0000-0000", "contents": "1958 International Cross Country Championships\nThe 1958 International Cross Country Championships was held in Cardiff, Wales, at the Pontcanna Fields on 22 March 1958. Tunisia entered a team for the first time after gaining independence. A report on the event was given in the Glasgow Herald.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 46], "section_span": [46, 46], "content_span": [47, 292]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076001-0001-0000", "contents": "1958 International Cross Country Championships\nComplete results, medallists,  and the results of British athletes were published.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 46], "section_span": [46, 46], "content_span": [47, 129]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076001-0002-0000", "contents": "1958 International Cross Country Championships, Participation\nAn unofficial count yields the participation of 78 athletes from 9 countries.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 46], "section_span": [48, 61], "content_span": [62, 139]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076002-0000-0000", "contents": "1958 Iowa Hawkeyes football team\nThe 1958 Iowa Hawkeyes football team represented the University of Iowa in the 1958 Big Ten Conference football season. The team was coached by Forest Evashevski and captained by fullback John Nocera. The Football Writers Association of America (FWAA) awarded the team the Grantland Rice Award, which is presented annually to the college football team adjudged by the FWAA to be national champion.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [32, 32], "content_span": [33, 430]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076002-0001-0000", "contents": "1958 Iowa Hawkeyes football team, Preseason\nPrior to 1958, coach Forest Evashevski had compiled a 31\u201321\u20133 record in six seasons with the Hawkeyes. His most successful years were the previous two, 1956 and 1957, in which Iowa went 16\u20132\u20131. The 1956 team became the first to win the Big Ten Conference championship in 34 years, and their 1957 Rose Bowl victory over Oregon State was the first postseason trip and win in school history. Both teams finished in the top ten in the final AP Poll.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 43], "content_span": [44, 489]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076002-0002-0000", "contents": "1958 Iowa Hawkeyes football team, Preseason\nExpectations for the 1958 season were high, despite the graduation of two star players. Tackle Alex Karras, who won the 1957 Outland Trophy and was twice selected as an All-American, and end Jim Gibbons, an All-American in 1957, were both drafted by the Detroit Lions in the 1958 NFL Draft. Senior quarterback Randy Duncan, who also started in 1957, would be relied on heavily to replace the lost talent.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 43], "content_span": [44, 448]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076002-0003-0000", "contents": "1958 Iowa Hawkeyes football team, Season, Texas Christian\nIowa's season opener against TCU was played under the shadow of a new press box, which would watch over nearly five decades of Hawkeye football. Iowa beat the No. 6 Horned Frogs easily, 17-0. The win shot the Hawkeyes up to No. 8 in the September 29 poll. TCU, the eventual Southwest Conference champions, would finish in the top ten of the final poll with an 8-2-1 record.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 57], "content_span": [58, 431]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076002-0004-0000", "contents": "1958 Iowa Hawkeyes football team, Season, Air Force\nThe Air Force Academy had only played two seasons of varsity football when they came to Iowa City on October 4. The Falcons surprised the Hawkeyes with a 13-13 tie. The draw dropped Iowa to No. 17 in the October 6 poll, but Evashevski later said, \"If we had beaten the Air Force we never in the world would have won the Big Ten championship.\" Air Force won their next nine games and tied TCU in the Cotton Bowl Classic to finish in the top ten of the final poll with a 9-0-2 record.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 51], "content_span": [52, 534]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076002-0005-0000", "contents": "1958 Iowa Hawkeyes football team, Season, Indiana\nIowa recovered from the tie with Air Force by crushing usually weak Indiana in both teams' Big Ten opener, 34-13. The victory was the Hawkeyes' sixth straight over the Hoosiers and Iowa rose to No. 13 in the October 13 poll.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 49], "content_span": [50, 274]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076002-0006-0000", "contents": "1958 Iowa Hawkeyes football team, Season, at Wisconsin\nWisconsin was Iowa's first test in the Big Ten. The No. 4 Badgers hosted the Hawkeyes on October 18. Iowa had not won in Madison since 1946. It was the second game in four weeks the Hawkeyes had played against a top ten team. Iowa had little trouble with Wisconsin, winning by a score of 20-9, the Badgers' only Big Ten loss of the season. The game would end up deciding the Big Ten championship, as Iowa finished 5-1 in the Big Ten and Wisconsin finished 5-1-1. Having now defeated two top ten teams, Iowa jumped to No. 7 in the October 20 poll.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 54], "content_span": [55, 601]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076002-0007-0000", "contents": "1958 Iowa Hawkeyes football team, Season, Northwestern\nIowa hosted No. 8 Northwestern on October 25, the third game in five weeks the Hawkeyes had played against a top ten team. It was the first game between two top ten Big Ten teams of the season. Iowa's homecoming game against the Wildcats was tighter than the Wisconsin game, but the Hawkeyes prevailed 26-20. The highlight of the game was All-American end Curt Merz's one-handed touchdown catch. The Hawkeyes' second victory over a top ten team in as many weeks earned them the No. 2 spot in the October 27 poll. The next day, Iowa was ranked No. 1 by United Press International. It was the first time the Hawkeyes had ever topped a national football poll.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 54], "content_span": [55, 711]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076002-0008-0000", "contents": "1958 Iowa Hawkeyes football team, Season, at Michigan\nMichigan was in the midst of its worst season in twenty-two years when undefeated Iowa came to town on November 1. Michigan Stadium was only two-thirds full that day, and the Hawkeyes blew out the uninspired Wolverines. All-Big Ten halfback Willie Fleming opened the scoring, running 72 yards for a touchdown on a punt return on the final play of the first quarter. Halfback Ray Jauch, who led the nation in yards per carry in 1958, ran 74 yards for a touchdown early in the second quarter to put Iowa up 14-0.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 53], "content_span": [54, 564]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076002-0008-0001", "contents": "1958 Iowa Hawkeyes football team, Season, at Michigan\nMichigan also scored a touchdown in the second quarter, but Iowa led by eight points at halftime. Michigan scored another touchdown and completed a two-point conversion to tie the game early in the third quarter. Iowa responded with twenty-three unanswered points to win the game 37-14. Bob Jeter had touchdown runs of 3 yards in the third quarter and 27 yards in the fourth quarter, the latter of which was followed by a two-point conversion pass from John Nocera to Curt Merz.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 53], "content_span": [54, 532]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076002-0008-0002", "contents": "1958 Iowa Hawkeyes football team, Season, at Michigan\nFleming also ran 61 yards for a touchdown in the fourth quarter, which was followed by a two-point conversion pass from Randy Duncan to Merz. The victory was Iowa's first over Michigan in thirty-four years, and Michigan alumnus Evashevski's first in six attempts. Iowa remained No. 2 in the November 3 AP Poll and No. 1 in the November 4 UPI Poll.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 53], "content_span": [54, 401]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076002-0009-0000", "contents": "1958 Iowa Hawkeyes football team, Season, at Minnesota\nIowa played their final road game of the season in Minneapolis on November 8. Minnesota did not figure to be much of a challenge. The Golden Gophers were 0-6 and had not won a football game in over a year. The Hawkeyes did not disappoint, winning 28-6. The victory clinched the Big Ten championship and a trip to the Rose Bowl for Iowa, whose Big Ten record remained perfect. Iowa remained No. 2 in the November 10 AP Poll, but dropped to No. 2 in the November 11 UPI Poll.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 54], "content_span": [55, 528]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076002-0010-0000", "contents": "1958 Iowa Hawkeyes football team, Season, Ohio State\nOhio State was the only team to beat Iowa in 1957, so the Hawkeyes had a chip on their shoulder when they hosted the No. 16 Buckeyes on November 15. Despite their efforts, Iowa fell to Ohio State, 38-28. It was again the Hawkeyes' only loss of the season, but this year they had already clinched the Big Ten championship. Iowa sank to No. 6 in the November 17 and 18 polls.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 52], "content_span": [53, 426]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076002-0011-0000", "contents": "1958 Iowa Hawkeyes football team, Season, Notre Dame\nIowa hosted No. 15 Notre Dame on November 22 in the Hawkeyes' final game of the regular season and the seniors' final game in Iowa Stadium. Iowa defeated the Fighting Irish by a score of 31-21. The Hawkeyes finished the season with a 7-1-1 record, as in 1957, but this year they would travel to Pasadena to play the Pacific Coast Conference champion California in the Rose Bowl. Iowa rose to No. 4 and No. 2 in the penultimate AP and UPI Polls on November 24 and 25, respectively.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 52], "content_span": [53, 533]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076002-0012-0000", "contents": "1958 Iowa Hawkeyes football team, Postseason, vs. California (Rose Bowl)\nThe No. 2 Iowa Hawkeyes (7-1-1, 5-1 Big Ten) and the No. 16 California Golden Bears (7-3, 6-1 Pacific Coast) met in the forty-fifth Rose Bowl Game on January 1, 1959, in the Rose Bowl in Pasadena, California. The Hawkeyes were favored by 18\u00bd points. Randy Duncan helped Iowa take a 14-0 lead with a touchdown run in the first quarter and a touchdown pass to Jeff Langston in the second quarter.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 72], "content_span": [73, 467]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076002-0012-0001", "contents": "1958 Iowa Hawkeyes football team, Postseason, vs. California (Rose Bowl)\nThe Hawkeye backfield carried Iowa the rest of the way, as Willie Fleming ran for two touchdowns and Bob Jeter, the Rose Bowl Most Valuable Player, and Don Horn each ran for one touchdown. Iowa attempted a Rose Bowl record three two-point conversions and failed on all three, while Bob Prescott made one of two extra points. End Jack Hart scored all of California's twelve points, running for a touchdown in the third quarter and catching a touchdown in the fourth quarter, both of which were followed by failed two-point conversion attempts. Iowa broke four Rose Bowl records: longest run (Jeter 81), team rushing yards (429), team total yards (516) and individual rushing yards (Jeter 194); and tied another Rose Bowl record set by Georgia in 1943: first downs (24). The attendance was 98,297.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 72], "content_span": [73, 868]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076002-0013-0000", "contents": "1958 Iowa Hawkeyes football team, Postseason, Awards\nIowa finished 8-1-1 overall and 5-1 in the Big Ten Conference in 1958. The Hawkeyes won the 1958 Big Ten football championship and the 1959 Rose Bowl Game. The Football Writers Association of America named Iowa the 1958 college football national champion by awarding the team the 1958 Grantland Rice Award. It is the only national championship in Iowa football history. The Hawkeyes finished No. 2 in the final AP and UPI polls, which were released before the bowl games, behind LSU.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 52], "content_span": [53, 536]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076002-0014-0000", "contents": "1958 Iowa Hawkeyes football team, Postseason, Awards\nThe final AP Poll ranking is the highest in school history. Iowa also finished No. 2 in the final UPI Poll in 1960. The Hawkeyes led the nation in total offense (405.9 yards per game), were ranked second in passing offense (170.0 yards per game), ninth in rushing offense (235.9 yards per game) and ninth in scoring offense (26.0 points per game).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 52], "content_span": [53, 400]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076002-0015-0000", "contents": "1958 Iowa Hawkeyes football team, Postseason, Awards\nQuarterback Randy Duncan was named the 1958 Big Ten Most Valuable Player and was selected to the 1958 All-Big Ten first team and the 1958 All-America first team (unanimous). He finished second in the 1958 Heisman Trophy voting behind Pete Dawkins of Army. In 1997 Duncan was inducted into the College Football Hall of Fame. End Curt Merz was selected to the 1958 All-America first team. Halfback Willie Fleming was selected to the 1958 All-Big Ten first team. Thirty-four Iowa Hawkeyes, including Duncan, Merz and Fleming, won letters in 1958.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 52], "content_span": [53, 596]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076002-0016-0000", "contents": "1958 Iowa Hawkeyes football team, Shared national championship with LSU\nIowa was awarded the Grantland Rice Trophy in 1958 by the relatively new Football Writers Association of America (FWAA) after finishing 8\u20131\u20131. The FWAA judged Iowa to be the 1958 national champion. Both the AP and UPI (Coaches) polls awarded their 1958 national titles to 11\u20130 LSU. Out of 16 total selectors in 1958, LSU won 15, including the AP and UPI. The AP/UPI voting took place before the bowl games were played. Iowa's victory in the Rose Bowl was deemed to be more impressive by the FWAA.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 71], "content_span": [72, 568]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076002-0016-0001", "contents": "1958 Iowa Hawkeyes football team, Shared national championship with LSU\nAt the end of the season, LSU had beaten two teams ranked in the final AP voting (#11 Ole Miss and #14 Florida), and Iowa had beaten three ranked teams (#7 Wisconsin, #10 TCU and #17 Notre Dame), with a loss to #8 Ohio State and a tie with #6 Air Force. Both LSU and Iowa defeated an additional ranked team in their respective bowl games. LSU defeated #12 Clemson and Iowa defeated #16 California.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 71], "content_span": [72, 469]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076003-0000-0000", "contents": "1958 Iowa Senate election\nThe 1958 Iowa State Senate elections took place as part of the biennial 1958 United States elections. Iowa voters elected state senators in 22 of the state senate's 50 districts. State senators serve four-year terms in the Iowa State Senate.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [25, 25], "content_span": [26, 267]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076003-0001-0000", "contents": "1958 Iowa Senate election\nA statewide map of the 50 state Senate districts in the year 1958 is provided by the Iowa General Assembly", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [25, 25], "content_span": [26, 132]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076003-0002-0000", "contents": "1958 Iowa Senate election\nThe primary election on June 2, 1958 determined which candidates appeared on the November 4, 1958 general election ballot.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [25, 25], "content_span": [26, 148]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076003-0003-0000", "contents": "1958 Iowa Senate election\nFollowing the previous election, Republicans had control of the Iowa state Senate with 40 seats to Democrats' 10 seats.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [25, 25], "content_span": [26, 145]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076003-0004-0000", "contents": "1958 Iowa Senate election\nTo claim control of the chamber from Republicans, the Democrats needed to net 16 Senate seats.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [25, 25], "content_span": [26, 120]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076003-0005-0000", "contents": "1958 Iowa Senate election\nRepublicans maintained control of the Iowa State Senate following the 1958 general election with the balance of power shifting to Republicans holding 33 seats and Democrats having 17 seats (a net gain of 7 seats for Democrats).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [25, 25], "content_span": [26, 253]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076004-0000-0000", "contents": "1958 Iowa State Cyclones football team\nThe 1958 Iowa State Cyclones football team represented Iowa State College of Agricultural and Mechanic Arts (renamed Iowa State University in 1959) in the Big Seven Conference during the 1958 NCAA University Division football season. In their first year under head coach Clay Stapleton, the Cyclones compiled a 4\u20136 record (0\u20136 against conference opponents), finished in last place in the conference, and outscored their opponents by a combined total of 127 to 88. They played their home games at Clyde Williams Field in Ames, Iowa.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [38, 38], "content_span": [39, 570]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076004-0001-0000", "contents": "1958 Iowa State Cyclones football team\nThe team's regular starting lineup on offense consisted of left end Jim Winstead, left tackle Charles Martin, left guard Ray Fauser, center Arden Esslinger, right guard Jerry Donohue, right tackle Larry Van Der Heyden, right end Gale Gibson, quarterback Cliff Rick, left halfback Dwight Nichols, right halfback Tom Watkins, and fullback Chuck Lamson. Gale Gibson was the team captain.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [38, 38], "content_span": [39, 423]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076004-0002-0000", "contents": "1958 Iowa State Cyclones football team\nThe team's statistical leaders included Dwight Nichols with 815 rushing yards and 357 passing yards, Gale Gibson with 148 receiving yards, and Bob Harden with 42 points scored (seven touchdowns). Dwight Nichols was selected as a first-team all-conference player.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [38, 38], "content_span": [39, 301]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076005-0000-0000", "contents": "1958 Iowa gubernatorial election\nThe 1958 Iowa gubernatorial election was held on November 4, 1958. Incumbent Democrat Herschel C. Loveless defeated Republican nominee William G. Murray with 54.13% of the vote.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [32, 32], "content_span": [33, 210]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076006-0000-0000", "contents": "1958 Iraqi parliamentary election\nParliamentary elections were held in Iraq on 5 May 1958 to elect the members of the Chamber of Deputies. It was the last election in monarchical Iraq. Most political parties had been dissolved in 1954. The main opposition coalition, the National Union Front, decided to boycott the elections. Candidates supportive of the government won 140 of the 145 seats, whilst independent candidates won the remaining five. The new parliament lasted two months only. On 14 July the monarchical government was overthrown in a military coup, and another election the same year would institute Abd al-Karim Qasim as president of the new Iraqi Republic.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [33, 33], "content_span": [34, 672]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076007-0000-0000", "contents": "1958 Irish Greyhound Derby\nThe 1958 Irish Greyhound Derby took place during July and August with the final being held at Shelbourne Park in Dublin on 9 August 1958.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [26, 26], "content_span": [27, 164]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076007-0001-0000", "contents": "1958 Irish Greyhound Derby\nThe winner Colonel Perry won \u00a3500 and was trained by Jack Nallen and owned by Mrs Olive Tasker. After his victory a street was named after him in the centre of Edenderry.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [26, 26], "content_span": [27, 197]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076007-0002-0000", "contents": "1958 Irish Greyhound Derby, Competition Report\nA greyhound called Colonel Perry was owned by Larry Cribbin from Edenderry, and trained by his brother-in-law Jack Nallen. After reaching the final of the Easter Cup he was rested before the start of the 1958 Derby. In the opening round Colonel Perry recorded a 29.62 win, the fastest of the round and then he repeated the feat by winning his second round heat in a fastest of the round 29.55. The other second round winners were Dashing Miller (29.56), The Grand Duchess (29.64), Moorbrook Airmouse (29.79) and Lakefield Rambler (29.95).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [28, 46], "content_span": [47, 585]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076007-0003-0000", "contents": "1958 Irish Greyhound Derby, Competition Report\nAfter the second round the black dog was sold by Cribbin to Mrs Olive Tasker from Birmingham for \u00a31,500. In the semi-finals Colonel Perry was beaten by Daring Customer in 29.59 but he held off Lunar Flight for second place and therefore securing a place on the final. The remaining semi-finals saw Moorbrook Airmouse defeat Knockavilla and The Grand Duchess beat Super Scope.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [28, 46], "content_span": [47, 422]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076007-0004-0000", "contents": "1958 Irish Greyhound Derby, Competition Report\nA stroke of luck led to Colonel Perry winning the final, when the traps opened he stumbled into Daring Customer who in turn moved into the path of the other runners. Colonel Perry then drew clear land held on for victory from the fast finishing Daring Customer.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [28, 46], "content_span": [47, 308]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076008-0000-0000", "contents": "1958 Isle of Man TT\nThe Isle of Man Tourist Trophy races have a long (hundred-year plus) history thanks in part to the demanding 37 mile high-speed track plus Mountain Course (with a seemingly never-ending series of bends, bumps, jumps, stone walls, manhole covers and telegraph poles) which - needless to say - requires high levels of skill and concentration. Held annually in the last week of May for practice and the first week of June for racing week with many supporting attractions, gatherings and other events taking place.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [19, 19], "content_span": [20, 530]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076008-0001-0000", "contents": "1958 Isle of Man TT\nFor many years regarded as the most prestigious and oldest motorcycle race in the world, it has been reported as the most dangerous motorcycle road-race in the world. (From 1949\u20131976 the Isle of Man Tourist Trophy was part of the FIM Motorcycle Grand Prix World Championship prior to transfer to UK mainland over safety concerns.)", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [19, 19], "content_span": [20, 350]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076008-0002-0000", "contents": "1958 Isle of Man TT, 1958 Isle of Man Senior TT 500cc final standings\nFriday 18 June 1958  \u2013  7 Laps (274.11\u00a0miles) Mountain Course.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [21, 69], "content_span": [70, 132]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076009-0000-0000", "contents": "1958 Islington North by-election\nThe Islington North by-election, 1958 was a parliamentary by-election held on 15 May 1958 for the House of Commons constituency of Islington North in Islington, North London.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [32, 32], "content_span": [33, 207]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076009-0001-0000", "contents": "1958 Islington North by-election\nThe seat had become vacant when the sitting Labour Member of Parliament, Wilfred Fienburgh died on 3 February 1958, aged 38. He had held the seat since the 1951 general election.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [32, 32], "content_span": [33, 211]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076009-0002-0000", "contents": "1958 Islington North by-election\nThe result was a victory for the Labour Party candidate, Gerry Reynolds, who won with a majority of 7,461 votes over the Conservative candidate Ronald Bartle. Reynolds represented the constituency until his own death in 1969 at the age of 42, triggering another by-election.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [32, 32], "content_span": [33, 307]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076010-0000-0000", "contents": "1958 Italian Grand Prix\nThe 1958 Italian Grand Prix was a Formula One motor race held at Monza on 7 September 1958. It was race 10 of 11 in the 1958 World Championship of Drivers and race 9 of 10 in the 1958 International Cup for Formula One Manufacturers. Vanwall won the Constructors' Championship with 1 race left to go. After retiring his original car, entered by Scuderia Centro Sud, Carroll Shelby took over Masten Gregory's car, entered by Temple Buell, and finished fourth. No points were awarded for the shared drive.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [23, 23], "content_span": [24, 526]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076011-0000-0000", "contents": "1958 Italian Senate election in Lombardy\nLombardy elected its third delegation to the Italian Senate on May 25, 1958. This election was a part of national Italian general election of 1958 even if, according to the Italian Constitution, every senatorial challenge in each Region is a single and independent race.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [40, 40], "content_span": [41, 311]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076011-0001-0000", "contents": "1958 Italian Senate election in Lombardy\nLombardy obtained two more seats to the Senate, following the redistricting subsequent to the 1951 Census.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [40, 40], "content_span": [41, 147]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076011-0002-0000", "contents": "1958 Italian Senate election in Lombardy\nThe election was won by the centrist Christian Democracy, as it happened at national level. All Lombard provinces gave a majority or at least a plurality to the winning party.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [40, 40], "content_span": [41, 216]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076011-0003-0000", "contents": "1958 Italian Senate election in Lombardy, Background\nEven if Amintore Fanfani's Christian Democracy weakened in this election, Lombardy remained a stronghold for the national leading party.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [42, 52], "content_span": [53, 189]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076011-0004-0000", "contents": "1958 Italian Senate election in Lombardy, Background\nAs it happened five years before, the Communists obtained some seats in the agricultural south, while the Socialists remarked their strength in the Milanese industrial neighbourhood. The centre-left Italian Democratic Socialist Party obtained two seats in Milan, a city led by Democratic Socialist mayor Virgilio Ferrari, while the rightist Italian Social Movement and the Italian Liberal Party obtained some good results in the bourgeois center of Milan.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [42, 52], "content_span": [53, 508]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076011-0005-0000", "contents": "1958 Italian Senate election in Lombardy, Electoral system\nThe electoral system for the Senate was a strange hybrid which established a form of proportional representation into FPTP-like constituencies. A candidate needed a landslide victory of more than 65% of votes to obtain a direct mandate. All constituencies where this result was not reached entered into an at-large calculation based upon the D'Hondt method to distribute the seats between the parties, and candidates with the best percentages of suffrages inside their party list were elected.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [42, 58], "content_span": [59, 552]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076012-0000-0000", "contents": "1958 Italian Somaliland local elections\nLocal elections were held in Trust Territory of Somaliland in October 1958. The Somali Youth League won 416 of the 663 seats up for election.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [39, 39], "content_span": [40, 181]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076013-0000-0000", "contents": "1958 Italian general election\nGeneral elections were held in Italy on Sunday 25 May 1958, to select the Third Republican Parliament. The number of MPs to be elected was calculated upon the population's size for the last time.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [29, 29], "content_span": [30, 225]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076013-0001-0000", "contents": "1958 Italian general election, Electoral system\nMinor changes were made to the electoral law in 1958, creating a system which would remain unchanged until its abrogation in 1993.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 47], "content_span": [48, 178]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076013-0002-0000", "contents": "1958 Italian general election, Electoral system\nThe pure party-list proportional representation was definitely adopted for the Chamber of Deputies. Italian provinces were united in 32 constituencies, each electing a group of candidates. At constituency level, seats were divided between open lists using the largest remainder method with Imperiali quota. Remaining votes and seats were transferred at national level, where they were divided using the Hare quota, and automatically distributed to best losers into the local lists.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 47], "content_span": [48, 529]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076013-0003-0000", "contents": "1958 Italian general election, Electoral system\nFor the Senate, 237 single-seat constituencies were established, even if the assembly had 9 more members. The candidates needed a landslide victory of two thirds of votes to be elected: only 5 hoping senators reached this goal. All remained votes and seats were grouped in party lists and regional constituencies, where a D'Hondt method was used: inside the lists, candidates with the best percentages were elected.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 47], "content_span": [48, 463]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076013-0004-0000", "contents": "1958 Italian general election, Historical background\nAfter De Gasperi's retirement in 1953 Fanfani emerged as the anticipated successor, a role confirmed by his appointment as party secretary from 1954-1959. He reorganized and rejuvenated the national party organization of the Christian Democrats after the dependence on the church and the government which had typified the De Gasperi period.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 52], "content_span": [53, 393]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076013-0005-0000", "contents": "1958 Italian general election, Historical background\nHowever, his activist and sometimes authoritarian style, as well as his reputation as an economic reformer, ensured that the moderates within the DC, who opposed the state\u2019s intrusion into the country\u2019s economic life, regarded him with distrust. His indefatigable energy and his passion for efficiency carried him far in politics, but he was rarely able to exploit fully the opportunities that he created. \"Fanfani has colleagues, associates, acquaintances and subordinates,\" one politician once remarked. \"But I have never heard much about his friends.\"", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 52], "content_span": [53, 607]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076013-0006-0000", "contents": "1958 Italian general election, Results\nThe election gave similar results of five years before and, consequently, the same problems of political instability of the centrist formula. Christian Democracy was polarized by a fraction which liked more leftist politics, and another one which urged for a rightist route. Party's secretary Amintore Fanfani was in the first field, and called for a dialogue with the Italian Socialist Party, which had frozen its relationships with the Italian Communist Party after the Hungarian Revolution.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 38], "content_span": [39, 532]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076013-0006-0001", "contents": "1958 Italian general election, Results\nFanfani led a year-term government, but the reaction of the conservative fraction gave the power to Antonio Segni, followed by Fernando Tambroni who received a decisive vote of confidence by the neo-fascist Italian Social Movement. The MSI had been banned by any type of political power since its birth under the theory of the Constitutional Arch, which stated that any government or opposition party which had voted the Italian Constitution, had to refuse any relationship with fascist and monarchist forces, seen as anti-constitutional groups. Strikes and revolts causing some casualties erupted through the country, and Tambroni had to resign. Fanfani returned to the premiership, this time with an openly centre-left programme supported by the socialist abstention. The government created the middle school for workers' sons, and the ENEL after the electric energy nationalisation.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 38], "content_span": [39, 924]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076014-0000-0000", "contents": "1958 Italian general election in Veneto\nThe Italian general election of 1958 took place on 25 May 1958.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [39, 39], "content_span": [40, 103]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076014-0001-0000", "contents": "1958 Italian general election in Veneto\nChristian Democracy (DC) was by far the largest party in Veneto with 55.5%, while the Italian Socialist Party (PSI) came distant second with 16.1%. Veneto was thus one of the few regions of Italy where the Socialists were stronger than the Italian Communist Party (PCI), even without counting the Italian Democratic Socialist Party (PSDI).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [39, 39], "content_span": [40, 379]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076015-0000-0000", "contents": "1958 Ivorian constitutional referendum\nA referendum on the new constitution of France was held in Ivory Coast on 28 September 1958 as part of a wider referendum held across the French Union. The new constitution would see the country become part of the new French Community if accepted, or result in independence if rejected. It was approved by 99.99% of voters.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [38, 38], "content_span": [39, 362]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076016-0000-0000", "contents": "1958 Ivy League football season\nThe 1958 Ivy League football season was the third season of college football play for the Ivy League and was part of the 1958 NCAA University Division football season. The season began on September 27, 1958, and ended on November 27, 1958. Ivy League teams were 7\u20137 against non-conference opponents and Dartmouth won the conference championship.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [31, 31], "content_span": [32, 377]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076017-0000-0000", "contents": "1958 Japan Series\nThe 1958 Japan Series was the Nippon Professional Baseball (NPB) championship series for the 1958 season. It was the ninth Japan Series and featured the Pacific League champions, the Nishitetsu Lions, against the Central League champions, the Yomiuri Giants.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [17, 17], "content_span": [18, 276]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076017-0001-0000", "contents": "1958 Japan Series, Matchups, Game 1\nSaturday, October 11, 1957 \u2013 1:35 pm at Korakuen Stadium in Bunky\u014d, Tokyo", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 35], "content_span": [36, 109]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076017-0002-0000", "contents": "1958 Japan Series, Matchups, Game 2\nSunday, October 12, 1957 \u2013 1:30 pm at Korakuen Stadium in Bunky\u014d, Tokyo", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 35], "content_span": [36, 107]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076017-0003-0000", "contents": "1958 Japan Series, Matchups, Game 3\nTuesday, October 14, 1957 \u2013 2:02 pm at Heiwadai Stadium in Fukuoka, Fukuoka Prefecture", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 35], "content_span": [36, 122]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076017-0004-0000", "contents": "1958 Japan Series, Matchups, Game 4\nThursday, October 16, 1957 \u2013 2:01 pm at Heiwadai Stadium in Fukuoka, Fukuoka Prefecture", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 35], "content_span": [36, 123]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076017-0005-0000", "contents": "1958 Japan Series, Matchups, Game 5\nFriday, October 17, 1957 \u2013 2:05 pm at Heiwadai Stadium in Fukuoka, Fukuoka Prefecture", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 35], "content_span": [36, 121]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076017-0006-0000", "contents": "1958 Japan Series, Matchups, Game 6\nMonday, October 20, 1957 \u2013 2:10 pm at Korakuen Stadium in Bunky\u014d, Tokyo", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 35], "content_span": [36, 107]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076017-0007-0000", "contents": "1958 Japan Series, Matchups, Game 7\nTuesday, October 21, 1957 \u2013 1:33 pm at Korakuen Stadium in Bunky\u014d, Tokyo", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 35], "content_span": [36, 108]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076018-0000-0000", "contents": "1958 Japanese general election\nGeneral elections were held in Japan on 22 May 1958. The result was a victory for the Liberal Democratic Party, which won 298 of the 467 seats. Voter turnout was 77.0%.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [30, 30], "content_span": [31, 199]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076019-0000-0000", "contents": "1958 Jim Mideon 500\nThe 1958 Jim Mideon 500 (known officially as 1958-31) was a NASCAR Grand National Series event that was held on Saturday, July 18, 1958, at Exhibition Stadium in Toronto, Ontario, Canada.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [19, 19], "content_span": [20, 207]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076019-0001-0000", "contents": "1958 Jim Mideon 500\nChildren were entertained with a jigsaw puzzle of the Royal Family before the race began. Most of the cars in the race were either Chevrolet or Ford. All of the 19 drivers on the racing grid were born in the United States of America. Admission to the race was $2.00 for adults ($18 when adjusted for inflation) and $0.50 for children ($5 when adjusted for inflation).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [19, 19], "content_span": [20, 387]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076019-0002-0000", "contents": "1958 Jim Mideon 500\nThe local bi-laws of the late 1950s allowed only team sports to be played professionally on Sunday. Since stock car racing wasn't included as one of the permitted \"team sports,\" they had to operate the race on a Saturday night in compliance with city officials.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [19, 19], "content_span": [20, 281]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076019-0003-0000", "contents": "1958 Jim Mideon 500, Race report\nPrior to the race, invocation services were held along with the singing of The Star-Spangled Banner and God Save the Queen (Canada's official national anthem in 1958). The first green flag of the race was waved at 8:00 P.M. Eastern Daylight Saving Time (EDT) and the checkered flag was waved at approximately 8:46 P.M. EDT. One hundred laps were resolved in forty-six minutes on a paved oval track spanning 0.333 miles or 0.536 kilometres; making it a shorter track than Martinsville Speedway. The track itself was reported as being nearly a carbon copy of Bowman Gray Stadium in Winston-Salem, North Carolina.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [21, 32], "content_span": [33, 643]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076019-0004-0000", "contents": "1958 Jim Mideon 500, Race report\nLee Petty (in his 1957 Oldsmobile 88) defeated Cotton Owens (in his 1957 Pontiac Catalina) by racing at speeds up to 43.184 miles per hour or 69.498 kilometres per hour. Rex White earned the event's pole position by qualifying with a speed of 51.406 miles per hour or 82.730 kilometres per hour. Dick Walters received a last-place finish in this race due to an incident with his car's rear end.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [21, 32], "content_span": [33, 427]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076019-0005-0000", "contents": "1958 Jim Mideon 500, Race report\nThis race is known for the debut of a young driver at 21 years, 16 days, Richard Petty, in car #142 (triple-digit numbers were legal in NASCAR until the 1970s). Even though NASCAR is usually associated with the Southern United States, Richard Petty's first Grand National Series race was officially on Canadian soil. He finished in 17th place; ten positions worse than he started. It was suggested that Lee Petty intentionally knocked his son out of the race due to racing issues.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [21, 32], "content_span": [33, 513]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076019-0005-0001", "contents": "1958 Jim Mideon 500, Race report\nHowever, the truth of the matter was that Lee was trying to out-lap his son Richard (who was driving too slow) but used his \"chrome horn\" to take out the young Petty in his first race. More than 9,700 live spectators were on hand for this race even though heavy rainfall made the track somewhat slippery.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [21, 32], "content_span": [33, 337]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076019-0006-0000", "contents": "1958 Jim Mideon 500, Race report\nThe race car drivers still had to commute to the races using the same stock cars that competed in a typical weekend's race through a policy of homologation (and under their own power). This policy was in effect until roughly 1975. By 1980, NASCAR had completely stopped tracking the year model of all the vehicles and most teams did not take stock cars to the track under their own power anymore.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [21, 32], "content_span": [33, 429]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076019-0007-0000", "contents": "1958 Jim Mideon 500, Race report, Post-race consequences\nThe purse of the race was $4,200 in American dollars ($37,674 when adjusted for inflation). To this day, this is the only event in the modern-day Monster Energy NASCAR Cup Series to take place in Canada as the track itself was later torn down to make way for newer development. Basically, the race track is now a soccer stadium and fairgrounds.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [21, 56], "content_span": [57, 401]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076019-0008-0000", "contents": "1958 Jim Mideon 500, Race report, Post-race consequences\nNASCAR would eventually return to a more prepared Canada in the 21st century. However, it would be to Montreal's Circuit Gilles Villeneuve for the Nationwide Series in addition to various small-town tracks for the \"local\" NASCAR Canadian Tire Series. Cayuga Speedway (now Jukasa Motor Speedway) wanted to host the first-ever Nationwide Series race in Canada but was turned down by NASCAR at a later date. Since then, the track has been on hiatus.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [21, 56], "content_span": [57, 503]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076019-0009-0000", "contents": "1958 Jim Mideon 500, Race report, Post-race consequences\nIn 2010, Exhibition Place hosted its first NASCAR-sanctioned race, the Jumpstart 100, since this 1958 race, on a temporary street course spanning 1.721 miles (2.770\u00a0km), for the Canadian Tire Series as part of Honda Indy Toronto weekend.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [21, 56], "content_span": [57, 294]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076020-0000-0000", "contents": "1958 Kansas City Athletics season\nThe 1958 Kansas City Athletics season was the team's fourth in Kansas City and the 58th in the American League. The season involved the A's finishing 7th in the American League with a record of 73 wins and 81 losses, 19 games behind the World Champion New York Yankees.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [33, 33], "content_span": [34, 303]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076020-0001-0000", "contents": "1958 Kansas City Athletics season, Player stats, Batting, Starters by position\nNote: Pos = Position; G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 78], "content_span": [79, 203]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076020-0002-0000", "contents": "1958 Kansas City Athletics season, Player stats, Batting, Other batters\nNote: G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 71], "content_span": [72, 180]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076020-0003-0000", "contents": "1958 Kansas City Athletics season, Player stats, Pitching, Starting pitchers\nNote: G = Games played; IP = Innings Pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 76], "content_span": [77, 186]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076020-0004-0000", "contents": "1958 Kansas City Athletics season, Player stats, Pitching, Other pitchers\nNote: G = Games played; IP = Innings Pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 73], "content_span": [74, 183]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076020-0005-0000", "contents": "1958 Kansas City Athletics season, Player stats, Pitching, Relief pitchers\nNote: G = Games pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; SV = Saves; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 74], "content_span": [75, 175]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076021-0000-0000", "contents": "1958 Kansas Jayhawks football team\nThe 1958 Kansas Jayhawks football team represented the University of Kansas in the Big Seven Conference during the 1958 NCAA University Division football season. In their first season under head coach Jack Mitchell, the Jayhawks compiled a 4\u20135\u20131 record (3\u20132\u20131 against conference opponents), finished fourth in the Big Seven Conference, and were outscored by all opponents by a combined total of 175 to 87. They played their home games at Memorial Stadium in Lawrence, Kansas.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [34, 34], "content_span": [35, 510]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076021-0001-0000", "contents": "1958 Kansas Jayhawks football team\nThe team's statistical leaders included Homer Floyd with 391 rushing yards and 307 receiving yards and Larry McKown with 219 passing yards. Homer Floyd and Bob Marshall were the team captains.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [34, 34], "content_span": [35, 227]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076022-0000-0000", "contents": "1958 Kansas State Wildcats football team\nThe 1958 Kansas State Wildcats football team represented Kansas State University in the 1958 NCAA University Division football season. The team's head football coach was Bus Mertes. The Wildcats played their home games in Memorial Stadium. The Wildcats finished the season with a 3\u20137 record with a 2\u20134 record in conference play. They finished in fifth place. The Wildcats scored just 110 points and gave up 192 points.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [40, 40], "content_span": [41, 459]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076023-0000-0000", "contents": "1958 Kansas gubernatorial election\nThe 1958 Kansas gubernatorial election was held on November 4, 1958. Incumbent Democrat George Docking defeated Republican nominee Clyde M. Reed Jr. with 56.46% of the vote.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [34, 34], "content_span": [35, 208]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076024-0000-0000", "contents": "1958 Kent State Golden Flashes football team\nThe 1958 Kent State Golden Flashes football team was an American football team that represented Kent State University  in the Mid-American Conference (MAC) during the 1958 NCAA University Division football season. In their 13th season under head coach Trevor J. Rees, the Golden Flashes compiled a 7\u20132 record (5\u20131 against MAC opponents), finished in a tie for second place in the MAC, and outscored all opponents by a combined total of 137 to 95.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [44, 44], "content_span": [45, 491]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076024-0001-0000", "contents": "1958 Kent State Golden Flashes football team\nThe team's statistical leaders included John Martin with 386 rushing yards, quarterback Dick Mostardo with 542 passing yards, and Dick Mihalus with 231 receiving yards. Mostardo was selected as a first-team All-MAC player.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [44, 44], "content_span": [45, 267]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076025-0000-0000", "contents": "1958 Kentucky Derby\nThe 1958 Kentucky Derby was the 84th running of the Kentucky Derby. The race took place on May 3, 1958.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [19, 19], "content_span": [20, 123]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076026-0000-0000", "contents": "1958 Kentucky Wildcats football team\nThe 1958 Kentucky Wildcats football team represented the University of Kentucky in the 1958 NCAA University Division football season. The Wildcats scored 136 points while allowing 115 points, and finished with a record of 5\u20134\u20131.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [36, 36], "content_span": [37, 265]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076026-0001-0000", "contents": "1958 Kentucky Wildcats football team, Season\nKentucky opened with a 51\u20130 win over Hawaii at Cardinal Stadium in Louisville. A 13\u20130 win in the SEC opener against Georgia Tech followed. 2\u20130 Kentucky, then ranked #17 in the AP poll, then lost four games in a row: 27\u20136 to #9 Ole Miss in Memphis, 8\u20130 to #1 Auburn,  32\u20137 at #9 LSU and 28\u20130 at Georgia. A 33\u201312 win over Mississippi State was followed by a 0\u20130 tie against Vanderbilt. After a 20\u20136 win against Xavier, Kentucky closed the season with a 6\u20132 victory at Tennessee.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 44], "content_span": [45, 521]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076026-0002-0000", "contents": "1958 Kentucky Wildcats football team, Season\nThe victory over Tennessee was Kentucky's second in a row, and second in a stretch of four games in which Kentucky denied Tennessee a win. The Wildcats were invited to participate in the 1958 Bluegrass Bowl but declined due to what they considered to be poor treatment during their season opener, a win against Hawaii in the stadium in which the Bluegrass Bowl would be played. Florida State and Oklahoma State played in the 1958 Bluegrass Bowl instead.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 44], "content_span": [45, 498]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076027-0000-0000", "contents": "1958 Kilkenny Senior Hurling Championship\nThe 1958 Kilkenny Senior Hurling Championship was the 64th staging of the Kilkenny Senior Hurling Championship since its establishment by the Kilkenny County Board.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 41], "section_span": [41, 41], "content_span": [42, 206]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076027-0001-0000", "contents": "1958 Kilkenny Senior Hurling Championship\nOn 2 November 1958, Tullaroan won the championship after a 1-12 to 3-02 defeat of Bennettsbridge in the final. It was their 19th championship title overall and their first title in ten championship seasons.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 41], "section_span": [41, 41], "content_span": [42, 248]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076028-0000-0000", "contents": "1958 LFF Lyga\nThe 1958 LFF Lyga was the 37th season of the LFF Lyga football competition in Lithuania. It was contested by 12 teams, and Elnias \u0160iauliai won the championship.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 13], "section_span": [13, 13], "content_span": [14, 174]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076029-0000-0000", "contents": "1958 LPGA Championship\nThe 1958 LPGA Championship was the fourth LPGA Championship, held June 5\u20138 at Churchill Valley Country Club in Blackridge, Pennsylvania, a suburb east of Pittsburgh.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [22, 22], "content_span": [23, 188]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076029-0001-0000", "contents": "1958 LPGA Championship\nMickey Wright, age 23, won the first of her four LPGA Championships, six strokes ahead of runner-up Fay Crocker. It was the first of Wright's thirteen major titles. Defending champion Louise Suggs finished ten strokes back, in a tie for ninth. The field consisted of 27 professionals; a concurrent event for amateurs was also held.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [22, 22], "content_span": [23, 354]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076029-0002-0000", "contents": "1958 LPGA Championship\nThe LPGA Championship was played for a second straight year at Churchill Valley, which hosted its third major the following year, the U.S. Women's Open in 1959. The club closed in 2013.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [22, 22], "content_span": [23, 208]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076030-0000-0000", "contents": "1958 LPGA Tour\nThe 1958 LPGA Tour was the ninth season since the LPGA Tour officially began in 1950. The season ran from January 10 to September 14. The season consisted of 24 official money events. Mickey Wright won the most tournaments, five. Beverly Hanson led the money list with earnings of $12,639.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [14, 14], "content_span": [15, 304]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076030-0001-0000", "contents": "1958 LPGA Tour\nThere was only one first-time winner in 1958, Bonnie Randolph.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [14, 14], "content_span": [15, 77]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076030-0002-0000", "contents": "1958 LPGA Tour, Tournament results\nThe following table shows all the official money events for the 1958 season. \"Date\" is the ending date of the tournament. The numbers in parentheses after the winners' names are the number of wins they had on the tour up to and including that event. Majors are shown in bold.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [16, 34], "content_span": [35, 310]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076031-0000-0000", "contents": "1958 LSU Tigers football team\nThe 1958 LSU Tigers football team represented Louisiana State University (LSU) in American football during the 1958 NCAA University Division football season. After finishing the season with a 10\u20130 record the team was named national champion by the Associated Press (AP) and the Coaches Poll (UPI).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [29, 29], "content_span": [30, 327]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076031-0001-0000", "contents": "1958 LSU Tigers football team\nThis was LSU's second national championship recognized by the NCAA and the college football community at large, the first coming when the Tigers were retro-picked as national champions in 1908 by the National Championship Foundation. However, it is the first national championship claimed by the school. It was also LSU's first undefeated and untied season since 1908, and was the last undefeated season for the school until 2019.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [29, 29], "content_span": [30, 460]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076031-0002-0000", "contents": "1958 LSU Tigers football team\nThe Tigers were coached by Paul Dietzel in his fourth season and competed in the Southeastern Conference (SEC), in which the team earned its third SEC championship and sixth conference championship overall.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [29, 29], "content_span": [30, 236]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076031-0003-0000", "contents": "1958 LSU Tigers football team\nThe Tigers were led by a backfield of Louisiana locals Billy Cannon, Warren Rabb, and Johnny Robinson, all of whom received first-team All-SEC honors after the season. The team is perhaps most remembered for coach Paul Dietzel's unique \"three-platoon system\", of which the \"Chinese Bandits\" were a part.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [29, 29], "content_span": [30, 333]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076031-0004-0000", "contents": "1958 LSU Tigers football team, Before the season\nPrior to the season, LSU head coach Paul Dietzel experimented with different methods of keeping players rested. Substitution rules at the time allowed players to re-enter a game only twice per quarter. Dietzel implemented his \"three-platoon system\", which split the team into the \"White Team\", the \"Go Team\", and the \"Chinese Bandits.\" Each platoon was a unit consisting of eleven players. The White Team was the starting unit. It consisted of the team's most talented players who excelled on both offense and defense. The Go Team was the second string unit that played primarily on offense.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 48], "content_span": [49, 640]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076031-0004-0001", "contents": "1958 LSU Tigers football team, Before the season\nThe Chinese Bandits were the team's second string defense, and was made up of mainly underclassmen. Dietzel's plan was to swap players out in a platoon-like fashion in order to keep them rested throughout the game, since most starters played on both offense and defense during this era. Instead of resting individual players, he replaced all eleven players on the field. This system was part of what Dietzel referred to as \"efficient football;\" to attempt get the most production out of every player on the team.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 48], "content_span": [49, 561]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076031-0005-0000", "contents": "1958 LSU Tigers football team, Before the season\nDietzel recruited a talented freshman class for the 1956 season, and had high expectations now that they were upperclassmen. However, in the preseason LSU was picked to finish ninth out of twelve teams in the Southeastern Conference. While they had talent on offense, the Tigers were young and inexperienced on defense. To utilize the team's talented backfield, which consisted of halfbacks Billy Cannon and Johnny Robinson, Dietzel adopted a wing T offensive formation. This formation favored the running game, and it was the first major change in LSU's offense since 1944. Dietzel then named the young defense the \"Chinese Bandits\", after characters from a Terry and the Pirates comic strip, hoping an identity would instill pride and confidence in what would ordinarily have been substitute players.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 48], "content_span": [49, 851]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076031-0006-0000", "contents": "1958 LSU Tigers football team, Game summaries, At Rice\nLSU opened the season on September 20 with a 26\u20136 upset win over the defending SWC champion Rice Owls in Rice Stadium. The Tigers were projected as six point underdogs against the Owls, whose coach Jess Neely was entering his eighteenth season with the team. Constant rain throughout the day before and during the game had muddied the field and made handling the ball difficult. This proved to be a problem for the Owls, as they fumbled the ball six times, losing two of them.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 54], "content_span": [55, 531]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076031-0006-0001", "contents": "1958 LSU Tigers football team, Game summaries, At Rice\nLSU opened the game with a ten play, 57-yard drive capped by a quarterback scramble by Warren Rabb into the end zone. In the second quarter, LSU's Don Purvis returned a punt 27 yards into Rice territory, and the Tigers again drove down the field and scored on a two-yard run by fullback J.W. Brodnax. Tommy Davis missed the extra point, and LSU went into halftime with a 13\u20130 lead. Rice was unable to convert a first down until its last possession of the first half.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 54], "content_span": [55, 521]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076031-0007-0000", "contents": "1958 LSU Tigers football team, Game summaries, At Rice\nLSU received the ball to start the third quarter. On the first drive, Cannon ran around the right side for 25 yards. The drive stalled at the Rice 40-yard line, however, and Cannon punted down to the one-inch line. The Owls were forced to punt soon after, and the ball landed at their own 35-yard line, where Cannon picked it up and returned it 30 yards to the Rice five-yard line. Johnny Robinson scored on the next play with a run to the left side. Later in the third, Rice's Charles Knight intercepted a pass on the LSU 37-yard line. The Owls drove down the field and scored on the first play of the fourth quarter. Later in the fourth, Mel Branch of the Chinese Bandits intercepted a pass at the Rice 30-yard line. Nine plays later, Davis scored the final touchdown of the game and kicked the extra point.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 54], "content_span": [55, 864]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076031-0008-0000", "contents": "1958 LSU Tigers football team, Game summaries, At Rice\nLSU had 266 yards of total offense in the game and Rice compiled 144. Passing contributed to only 48 yards between both teams as the rainy conditions forced them to stick to the running game. Cannon gained 53 yards on nine carries as the game's leading rusher. The performance by LSU impressed the pollsters, who ranked the team fifteenth after being unranked prior to the game. Coach Dietzel said in the locker room after the game:", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 54], "content_span": [55, 487]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076031-0009-0000", "contents": "1958 LSU Tigers football team, Game summaries, At Rice\n\"It was gratifying to score a victory over a team coached by a man that I respect as much as coach Neely. We made mistakes Saturday night [but] we made up for them in hustle and desire. I guess you can sum up what I feel about these boys in four words...I'm proud of them. I do believe that the condition of the playing field and adverse weather conditions prevented either team from finding out their true strength or weaknesses.\"", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 54], "content_span": [55, 486]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076031-0010-0000", "contents": "1958 LSU Tigers football team, Game summaries, At Alabama\nIn the second week of play, LSU traveled to Ladd Stadium in Mobile, Alabama and defeated the Alabama Crimson Tide, 13\u20133 in coach Bear Bryant's first game with the team. Paul Dietzel had previously served as an assistant coach for Bryant during his tenure at Kentucky. Neither teams' defense allowed a score in the first quarter. In the second quarter, Cannon fumbled at Alabama's 45-yard line, and Duff Morrison picked it up for the Tide and returned it to the LSU 5-yard line.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 57], "content_span": [58, 535]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076031-0010-0001", "contents": "1958 LSU Tigers football team, Game summaries, At Alabama\nHere, the Chinese Bandits had the first of their famous goal-line stands, and held Alabama to a field goal. Alabama's defensive line and linebackers made it difficult for LSU to run the ball in the first half, and they also put pressure on Rabb during passing plays. The Crimson Tide went into halftime with a 3\u20130 lead. Midway through the half, a section of bleachers in the north end zone collapsed and resulted in 60 spectators being injured. The collapse caused a stoppage of play while emergency responders worked to assist those injured by the collapse.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 57], "content_span": [58, 616]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076031-0011-0000", "contents": "1958 LSU Tigers football team, Game summaries, At Alabama\nLSU took a 7\u20133 lead in the third quarter when Rabb threw a nine-yard touchdown pass to Robinson that capped a 67-yard drive. Cannon then scored on a 12-yard touchdown run to his right in the fourth quarter. Down by ten and the game winding down, Alabama turned to its passing game but were unable to find success. LSU's pass rush did not give Alabama quarterback Bobby Smith any time to throw the ball. The Tide completed three passes in the game for a net of zero yards.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 57], "content_span": [58, 529]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076031-0011-0001", "contents": "1958 LSU Tigers football team, Game summaries, At Alabama\nIn total, LSU compiled 253 yards of offense in the game to Alabama's 100. Billy Cannon was the game's leading rusher with 86 yards and a touchdown on twelve carries. The victory over Bryant proved to be a rare one for LSU, as the Tigers won only three more games against Alabama in the next 24 seasons.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 57], "content_span": [58, 360]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076031-0012-0000", "contents": "1958 LSU Tigers football team, Game summaries, Hardin Simmons\nIn LSU's first home game of the season the team defeated coach Sammy Baugh's Cowboys of Hardin\u2013Simmons, 20\u20136. It was also the first time the two football teams played each other, and remains the only time. Warren Rabb scored a touchdown on the Tigers' first possession with a roll-out from three yards out. The Cowboys lost a fumble at midfield on their first possession, which LSU took advantage of five plays later with a four-yard touchdown run by Durel Matherne.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 61], "content_span": [62, 528]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076031-0012-0001", "contents": "1958 LSU Tigers football team, Game summaries, Hardin Simmons\nHardin Simmons scored its only points of the game on a drive that started on its own 7-yard line in the first quarter, and ended with a touchdown early in the second quarter. LSU responded with an eleven-yard rushing touchdown by Cannon later in the quarter. It was the last score of the game, as neither team scored in the second half.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 61], "content_span": [62, 398]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076031-0013-0000", "contents": "1958 LSU Tigers football team, Game summaries, Hardin Simmons\nThe Cowboys had a chance to score in the third quarter with the ball on LSU's one-yard line on first down. However, the Tigers came up with another goal-line stand, this time by the White Team with a fumble recovery. In the fourth quarter, Hardin\u2013Simmons had another chance as it drove down to the LSU 14-yard line, but turned the ball over on downs after an incomplete pass on fourth down. The game featured much more passing than LSU had seen in the previous two games.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 61], "content_span": [62, 533]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076031-0013-0001", "contents": "1958 LSU Tigers football team, Game summaries, Hardin Simmons\nHardin\u2013Simmons, whose head coach Baugh was a former star quarterback in the National Football League, was a passing-minded team. While LSU rushed for 204 yards, Hardin\u2013Simmons passed for 201 yards on 19 completions. Warren Rabb, who was playing despite the death of his father that morning, completed six passes for 88 yards. For the third game in a row, Cannon was the leading rusher with 83 yards and a touchdown on eleven carries.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 61], "content_span": [62, 495]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076031-0014-0000", "contents": "1958 LSU Tigers football team, Game summaries, At Miami (FL)\nThe Tigers had their first shutout of the season in week four, when they traveled to the Orange Bowl and defeated the Miami Hurricanes, 41\u20130. On its first possession LSU drove down to the Miami 49-yard line, where a pass from Rabb was intercepted and ran back to the LSU 42-yard line. The Hurricanes went three-and-out on their offensive possession and attempted a field goal, but the kick was short. After punts by both teams, the Tigers scored their first touchdown of the game on a 51-yard run by Don Purvis.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 60], "content_span": [61, 572]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076031-0014-0001", "contents": "1958 LSU Tigers football team, Game summaries, At Miami (FL)\nMiami was forced to punt on the first play of the second quarter and it was downed at the LSU 5-yard line. LSU was also forced to punt, but the Hurricanes fumbled on the return and the Tigers recovered it at Miami's 27-yard line. After a first down run by Cannon, Rabb threw a touchdown pass to Billy Hendrix to make the score 13\u20130 at halftime.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 60], "content_span": [61, 405]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076031-0015-0000", "contents": "1958 LSU Tigers football team, Game summaries, At Miami (FL)\nBilly Cannon took the kickoff to open the second half and returned it from the goal-line to midfield. LSU drove down the field and Brodnax scored on a three-yard run up the middle. Miami quarterback Fran Curci then led the Hurricanes on a drive down to the LSU 20, but the ball was turned over on downs. Neither team scored for the rest of the quarter. LSU opened the fourth quarter with two incomplete passes, and Cannon got off a 51-yard punt down to Miami's 15-yard line.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 60], "content_span": [61, 535]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076031-0015-0001", "contents": "1958 LSU Tigers football team, Game summaries, At Miami (FL)\nThe Hurricanes were also forced to punt, and a fair catch interference penalty on Miami gave LSU the ball at the 16. From there, Rabb passed to Brodnax down to the one-yard line, where Cannon ran it in for a touchdown on the next play. Miami received the kickoff and returned it to its own 35-yard line, but a holding penalty moved the ball back to the twelve. The Hurricanes went three-and-out and punted to midfield, where Purvis received it and ran it back to Miami's 22-yard line. Four plays later, Matherne passed to Don Norwood for a four-yard touchdown. LSU's Henry Lee Roberts intercepted a pass from Curci at midfield and the Tigers drove down the field once more for their last touchdown of the game.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 60], "content_span": [61, 771]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076031-0016-0000", "contents": "1958 LSU Tigers football team, Game summaries, At Miami (FL)\nThirty of the 32 players that traveled for LSU to Miami saw playing time in the game. Dietzel pulled most starters after the first score of the fourth quarter. Fran Curci gave LSU the most trouble; he passed for 62 yards and rushed for 62 more, which led his team in both categories. Tommy Davis was LSU's leading rusher with 62 yards of his own. Miami gained fourteen first downs to LSU's eleven, but three interceptions ended drives early for the Hurricanes. It was another run-dominated game for LSU as both teams had over 200 rushing yards. The win moved LSU into the top ten in the Coaches' Poll, to number nine.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 60], "content_span": [61, 678]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076031-0017-0000", "contents": "1958 LSU Tigers football team, Game summaries, Kentucky\nBefore a Tiger Stadium record 65,000 fans, LSU defeated the Kentucky Wildcats, 32\u20137. It was the first time the stadium sold out since the addition of over 20,000 seats behind the south end zone in 1954. Police officers were called in to control the crowds at ticket booths. Most of the fans were for LSU, as the 4\u20130 start to the season and blowout win over Miami had generated high interest in the team; it was predicted Kentucky brought only 300 fans. SEC commissioner Bernie Moore, former head coach of LSU, also attended the game. When it was over he was asked which players he would pick from the Tigers if he had to coach again. \"I'd just take the first 33 men they offered me\", he said. \"This is a good team.\"", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 55], "content_span": [56, 771]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076031-0018-0000", "contents": "1958 LSU Tigers football team, Game summaries, Kentucky\nLSU scored first early in the first quarter on a two-yard run by Brodnax, which was followed by a Kentucky touchdown late in the same quarter. Dietzel sent in the Chinese Bandits to start the second quarter. The Bandits wore down the Wildcats offense and did not allow a score for the rest of the half. On offense, Billy Hendrix scored on a 19-yard pass from Rabb to give LSU a 13\u20130 halftime lead. LSU came out in the second half determined to put the game away.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 55], "content_span": [56, 518]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076031-0018-0001", "contents": "1958 LSU Tigers football team, Game summaries, Kentucky\nCannon ran for a 19-yard touchdown and kicked the extra point to start the third quarter, followed by a five-yard touchdown pass from Matherne to Norwood. The only score in the fourth quarter was Cannon's second touchdown on a two-yard run up the middle. LSU dominated the game statistically. The Tigers converted 18 first downs and had 364 offensive yards, compared to the Wildcats' eight and 136. Kentucky was focused on stopping the LSU passing game, which had picked up steam over the last few games. Because of this, led by Cannon, the Tigers had a big night in the running game. The team gained 243 yards on the ground, with Cannon rushing for 108 of those on twelve carries. The win moved LSU up to third in the Coaches' Poll and Associated Press Poll.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 55], "content_span": [56, 815]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076031-0019-0000", "contents": "1958 LSU Tigers football team, Game summaries, Florida\nFor LSU's homecoming, the Tigers snapped a three-game losing streak to the Florida Gators with a 10\u20137 defensive struggle that came down to the last three minutes of play. The game featured one of the strongest rushing teams in the nation against one of the league's best run defenses. The Tigers, led by halfbacks Cannon and Robinson, averaged 220 yards rushing per game. The Gators, led by defensive back Don Fleming and tackle Vel Heckman, had held their previous opponents to an average of 65 yards rushing per game. LSU was favored by two touchdowns.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 54], "content_span": [55, 609]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076031-0020-0000", "contents": "1958 LSU Tigers football team, Game summaries, Florida\nThe Gators received the opening kickoff and ran it back to their own 25-yard line. After gaining four yards on three plays, Florida lined up to punt, but it was a fake and punter Bobby Joe Green ran 30 yards down to the LSU 41-yard line. The Gators went no further than that on three more plays and this time they did punt, pinning LSU at its seven-yard line. From there LSU went three-and-out and Cannon punted down to near midfield.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 54], "content_span": [55, 489]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076031-0020-0001", "contents": "1958 LSU Tigers football team, Game summaries, Florida\nAfter making it into the LSU red zone, a missed field goal by the Gators gave the ball to LSU at its own 20. Again LSU picked up no yards on three plays and punted. At this point Dietzel sent in the Chinese Bandits, who forced a fumble on their first play on the field and recovered it at the LSU 45. Rabb then led the Tigers down to Florida's 6-yard line as the quarter ended. On the first play of the second quarter Florida was penalized for being offside, giving LSU a first down on the one. The Gators held at the goal-line for three straight runs up the middle, but on fourth down Cannon dove into the endzone for the first score of the game.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 54], "content_span": [55, 702]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076031-0021-0000", "contents": "1958 LSU Tigers football team, Game summaries, Florida\nThe Tigers received the second half kickoff and fumbled on their first drive, and it was recovered by Florida at their 30-yard line. After the Gators made two first downs, Brodnax intercepted a pass and returned it to LSU's 46. Rabb then led the Tigers to Florida's 41-yard line, but LSU was forced to punt after a sack by Heckman for a 15-yard loss. After another exchange of punts, the Tigers had the ball at their own 26-yard line, and after going three-and-out, Davis went in to punt.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 54], "content_span": [55, 543]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076031-0021-0001", "contents": "1958 LSU Tigers football team, Game summaries, Florida\nThe snap from center was low and Davis could not get the punt off. He was tackled at the 28 where Florida took the ball on downs. The Gators then completed a pass to the LSU 13-yard line for a first down. Jimmy Dunn's next pass was intercepted in the end zone by Daryll Jenkins, who ran the ball out to the ten. An illegal procedure penalty pushed LSU back to the 5-yard line. A poor punt by Cannon gave Florida the ball at the LSU 25. From there quarterback Don Deal was sacked by Max Fugler for a loss of nine to end the quarter.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 54], "content_span": [55, 586]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076031-0022-0000", "contents": "1958 LSU Tigers football team, Game summaries, Florida\nFlorida started the fourth quarter with a new quarterback, Mickey Ellenburg, who then led the Gators into the end zone with a 14-yard pass to Perry McGriff, tying the game at 7\u20137. LSU received the kickoff and were forced to punt shortly after. Florida again began a drive down the field but were intercepted by Cannon at the LSU 18-yard line, who then lateraled to Hendrix, who ran it down to LSU's 40. Rabb completed a pass to Brodnax and Cannon rushed four times for twenty yards to get LSU within eight yards of the end zone.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 54], "content_span": [55, 583]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076031-0022-0001", "contents": "1958 LSU Tigers football team, Game summaries, Florida\nAfter two incomplete passes by Rabb, Cannon tried a run up the middle, but was stopped by Heckman for a one-yard gain to bring up fourth down. Dietzel then allowed the play clock to run down and took a five-yard delay of game penalty to give Tommy Davis a better angle for a field goal attempt. From the 19-yard line, Davis stepped back and kicked it through the uprights to give LSU a 10\u20137 lead with 2:59 left in the game. Florida was unable to score on its final possession.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 54], "content_span": [55, 531]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076031-0023-0000", "contents": "1958 LSU Tigers football team, Game summaries, Florida\nDietzel expected a tight game, and even told Davis to \"warm up that toe\" during pregame warm ups. It was LSU's first field goal of the season. The Tigers were held to a season-low 89 yards rushing and were out-gained 238\u2013181 in total yards. Cannon had 81 of those rushing yards, and Dietzel had high praise for him after the game: \"If there's a better college football player in the United States than Billy Cannon, I'd like to see him.\" The win brought the Tigers to first place in the AP and Coaches' polls.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 54], "content_span": [55, 564]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076031-0024-0000", "contents": "1958 LSU Tigers football team, Game summaries, Ole Miss\nTop-ranked LSU defeated sixth-ranked, rival Ole Miss, 14\u20130 in a game dominated by defense and penalties. 68,000 fans packed Tiger Stadium to watch the Tigers win their first game against the Rebels since 1950. Ole Miss was LSU's most bitter rival at the time, and fans who heard and read about the Chinese Bandits and Billy Cannon wanted to see them first-hand. \"It's not a rivalry because somebody says it is\", said Cannon, \"or because you've been playing against a team for a long time.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 55], "content_span": [56, 544]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076031-0024-0001", "contents": "1958 LSU Tigers football team, Game summaries, Ole Miss\nIt's a rivalry when two good teams meet and either one could walk out the winner. This was a rivalry.\" Banners were strung around the LSU campus with the words \"Go to Hell, Ole Miss.\" Later, a plane dropped leaflets on campus that read \"Go to Hell, LSU.\" Some thought Dietzel was responsible, hoping to fire up his team for the game, but he denied responsibility.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 55], "content_span": [56, 419]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076031-0025-0000", "contents": "1958 LSU Tigers football team, Game summaries, Ole Miss\nNeither team made it into their opponent's territory nor made a first down until late in the first quarter, when Davis fumbled the snap on a punt and Ole Miss recovered at the LSU 40-yard line. The Rebels, led by fullback Charlie Flowers, drove to the 12 as the quarter ended. To begin the second quarter Ole Miss made it down to the 2-yard line. Quarterback Bobby Franklin then kept it on a quarterback sneak and was stopped by Fugler at the one-foot line.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 55], "content_span": [56, 513]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076031-0025-0001", "contents": "1958 LSU Tigers football team, Game summaries, Ole Miss\nLSU was offside on the play, but Rebels captain Kent Lovelace declined the penalty, choosing to have the ball at the one-foot line with three downs rather than the one-yard line with four. \"I didn't think any team in the country could keep us from scoring from the one-foot line in three downs\", Lovelace later explained. On the next run, Fugler again stopped the Rebels short of the goal-line, and Rabb made the next tackle on third down.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 55], "content_span": [56, 495]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076031-0025-0002", "contents": "1958 LSU Tigers football team, Game summaries, Ole Miss\nOn fourth down, Cannon and Fugler broke through the line to stop Lovelace three yards short of the end zone, where the Tigers took over on downs. The teams exchanged punts three times before a twenty-yard run by Purvis put LSU at the Ole Miss 25, where Davis attempted a field goal that fell short. The Tigers then recovered a fumble on the Rebels' 21-yard line, and from there drove into the end zone with a scramble by Rabb. The half ended with LSU leading 7\u20130.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 55], "content_span": [56, 519]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076031-0026-0000", "contents": "1958 LSU Tigers football team, Game summaries, Ole Miss\nThe Rebels received the second half kickoff and Flowers and Franklin led a drive down the field. They made it to the LSU 32-yard line after an unsportsmanlike conduct penalty by the Tigers, where the Rebels attempted a field goal. It was blocked by Merle Schexnaildre and Fugler and LSU took over on downs. A personal foul penalty erased a 15-yard run by Cannon, which was followed by an Ole Miss sack for a loss of twelve. The Tigers punted but the Rebels were penalized for roughing the kicker, giving the ball back to LSU.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 55], "content_span": [56, 581]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076031-0026-0001", "contents": "1958 LSU Tigers football team, Game summaries, Ole Miss\nTo start the fourth quarter, LSU drove down to the 2-yard line, but the Rebels held there and took over on downs. They punted soon after and LSU drove to the Ole Miss 33, where Davis missed his second field goal, followed by another punt by the Rebels. At its own 30-yard line, LSU gained 19 yards on a run by Purvis, and a personal foul on the Rebels put the ball on the Ole Miss 37. After losing seven yards the Tigers punted and it was blocked, but recovered by LSU at the 33.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 55], "content_span": [56, 535]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076031-0026-0002", "contents": "1958 LSU Tigers football team, Game summaries, Ole Miss\nAfter a run of 13 yards and a personal foul on Ole Miss, Matherne scrambled five yards into the end zone to give the Tigers their second touchdown and the final score. \"It was the most wonderful victory I've ever been associated with\", Dietzel told his players after the game. \"I'm proud of you. Now go ahead and act like the number one team in the nation should act.\"", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 55], "content_span": [56, 424]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076031-0027-0000", "contents": "1958 LSU Tigers football team, Game summaries, Duke\nLSU's defense gave up 18 points\u2014the most they had allowed all season\u2014but the offense made up for it by scoring fifty against Duke in what The Times-Picayune headline at the time described as a \"TD orgy.\" The offensive statistics for the game were deceiving; Duke picked up 24 first downs and 353 yards, to LSU's 11 first downs and 285 yards. However, the Blue Devils lost five fumbles and the Tigers were able to take advantage of them with touchdowns.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 51], "content_span": [52, 504]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076031-0028-0000", "contents": "1958 LSU Tigers football team, Game summaries, Duke\nDuke scored first with a 63-yard drive capped by a touchdown catch by Wray Carlton, on what was the first touchdown scored against the Chinese Bandits all season. LSU tied the score on their next drive with a 63-yard touchdown pass from Rabb to Cannon that brought the crowd to their feet. In the second quarter, Duke attempted a quick kick that was blocked by Emile Fournet and recovered by Gaynell Kinchen at the Blue Devils' one-yard line. Schexnaildre ran it in on the next play to give the Tigers the lead.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 51], "content_span": [52, 563]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076031-0028-0001", "contents": "1958 LSU Tigers football team, Game summaries, Duke\nAfter a poor punt by Duke, LSU drove down and scored on another one-yard run, this time by Brodnax. Duke fumbled on its next drive and it was recovered on its 39-yard line by LSU. The Tigers scored their third touchdown of the quarter with a pass from Rabb to Hendrix to give LSU a 28\u20136 halftime lead.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 51], "content_span": [52, 353]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076031-0029-0000", "contents": "1958 LSU Tigers football team, Game summaries, Duke\nThe deficit proved too much for Duke to overcome, as LSU scored another touchdown on a 45-yard run by Robinson less than four minutes into the second half. The Blue Devils kept fighting, however, and scored touchdowns in each of the final two quarters. The first of these touchdowns came in the third quarter with a touchdown pass by Bob Brodhead, who later served as athletic director for LSU in the 1980s. In the fourth quarter the Tigers scored on long touchdown runs from Cannon and Matherne to put the game out of reach.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 51], "content_span": [52, 577]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076031-0030-0000", "contents": "1958 LSU Tigers football team, Game summaries, At Mississippi State\nLSU's closest game of the season was a 7\u20136 victory over the Mississippi State Maroons, in which a missed extra point was the difference in the score. Persistent rain before the game made the field wet and muddy, which contributed to six lost fumbles between the teams. It was fumbles that led to each team's scoring opportunities. Mississippi State's touchdown came at the start of the second quarter, after Donnie Daye fumbled and the Maroons recovered it on LSU's 23-yard line. Quarterback Billy Stacy ran it in from eleven yards out, but the extra point was missed. The Tigers scored their touchdown early in the third quarter after Brodnax recovered a fumble by Gil Peterson at the Maroon 34. Cannon and Brodnax led LSU down to the five, where Rabb passed to Hendrix for the touchdown and Davis kicked the extra point for the winning score.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 67], "content_span": [68, 912]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076031-0031-0000", "contents": "1958 LSU Tigers football team, Game summaries, At Mississippi State\nAs was common with inclement conditions, the game featured many punts and very few passes. The teams combined for 274 yards on the ground and only 73 yards in the air. Cannon was the game's leading rusher with 53 yards on thirteen carries, but he also fumbled twice, both times deep in LSU territory. \"We had to wait for the rain to stop before we went out and warm up\", Cannon remembered, \"and when it finally quit raining, things weren't much better. They had these plank bridges over pools of water and slop to get you onto the field.\"", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 67], "content_span": [68, 606]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076031-0031-0001", "contents": "1958 LSU Tigers football team, Game summaries, At Mississippi State\nHis first fumble came in the first quarter at the LSU twenty, but the Bandits were able to hold Mississippi State to a missed field goal attempt. His second fumble was in the fourth quarter at the 13, and the Tigers again were able to hold the Maroons to a missed field goal.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 67], "content_span": [68, 343]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076031-0032-0000", "contents": "1958 LSU Tigers football team, Game summaries, At Tulane\nWith one win away from claiming the national championship, LSU blew-out in-state rival Tulane, 62\u20130. Although the Green Wave had a 3\u20136 record, they were dangerous and unpredictable; they had defeated Alabama and sixth-ranked Navy. Some viewed the game as a trap game, and Tulane halfback Claude \"Boo\" Mason even told reporters the previous week, \"We'll beat LSU because they'll choke.\" When Dietzel read Mason's quote in the newspaper, he cut it out, made copies of it, and taped it all over the LSU locker room to serve as motivation.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 56], "content_span": [57, 592]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076031-0033-0000", "contents": "1958 LSU Tigers football team, Game summaries, At Tulane\nBefore an SEC record 83,221 fans the Tigers get off to a slow start, leading by six points at halftime. \"There wasn't panic or anything\", said Johnny Robinson. \"There was, maybe, a little sense of apprehension because things weren't going the way they were drawn up. There was an uneasy feeling that we'd better start getting things together\u2014and quickly.\" Soon after the third quarter began, Fugler intercepted a pass from Richie Petitbon and returned it to the Tulane 30-yard line. From here the Tigers took complete control of the game.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 56], "content_span": [57, 595]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076031-0033-0001", "contents": "1958 LSU Tigers football team, Game summaries, At Tulane\nRabb scored on a quarterback keep, and later rushing touchdowns by Robinson and Cannon made the score 27\u20130 at the end of the third quarter. The fourth quarter saw LSU take advantage of Tulane's lack of roster depth with multiple long plays. The first was a 55-yard pass from Matherne to Purvis for a touchdown. Later, Robinson returned a punt 47 yards to the goal line, where Cannon ran it in. The final score of the game was a 45-yard touchdown run by Cannon.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 56], "content_span": [57, 517]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076031-0034-0000", "contents": "1958 LSU Tigers football team, Game summaries, At Tulane\nOverall, LSU's offense accounted for 485 yards, with 304 of them coming on the ground. Conversely, Tulane had 81 total yards and were intercepted four times and lost three fumbles. Times-Picayune sportswriter Bill Keefe described the game as such: \"Tulane's only mistake was running tame while LSU was running wild.\"", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 56], "content_span": [57, 373]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076031-0035-0000", "contents": "1958 LSU Tigers football team, Game summaries, At Tulane\nWith a 10\u20130 regular season record, LSU was crowned national champion by the Associated Press and the Coaches' Poll (UPI), as well as by 37 other selectors. However, the title was not unanimous; the Iowa Hawkeyes were declared champions by the Football Writers Association of America.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 56], "content_span": [57, 340]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076031-0036-0000", "contents": "1958 LSU Tigers football team, Game summaries, vs. Clemson (Sugar Bowl)\nLSU capped off its undefeated season with a 7\u20130 victory over the Clemson Tigers in the Sugar Bowl. The game's only score was a touchdown in the third quarter, when Cannon completed a nine-yard pass to Mangham in the end zone.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 71], "content_span": [72, 297]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076031-0037-0000", "contents": "1958 LSU Tigers football team, Tiger Stadium Championship Plaque\nThe legendary 1958 team compiled LSU's first perfect season since 1908 and became the first squad in school history to win the national title. Looking to build on a previous season record of 5-5, Coach Paul Dietzel's innovative three-platoon system -- the White Team, the Go Team, and the Chinese Bandits -- revolutionized college football. The 1958 Tigers blew through SEC opponents, finishing the league slate with a perfect 6-0 record to win the SEC title. Among the wins was a Homecoming showdown against Florida in front of the first sellout crowd in Tiger Stadium history. LSU capped off the season with a Sugar Bowl win over Clemson, propelling the Tigers to a flawless 11-0 record.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 64], "content_span": [65, 754]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076032-0000-0000", "contents": "1958 La Fl\u00e8che Wallonne\nThe 1958 La Fl\u00e8che Wallonne was the 22nd edition of La Fl\u00e8che Wallonne cycle race and was held on 26 April 1958. The race started in Charleroi and finished in Li\u00e8ge. The race was won by Rik Van Steenbergen.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [23, 23], "content_span": [24, 230]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076033-0000-0000", "contents": "1958 Labour Party Shadow Cabinet election\nElections to the Labour Party's Shadow Cabinet (more formally, its \"Parliamentary Committee\") occurred in November 1958. In addition to the 12 members elected, the Leader (Hugh Gaitskell), Deputy Leader (Jim Griffiths), Labour Chief Whip (Herbert Bowden), Labour Leader in the House of Lords (A. V. Alexander), and Labour Chief Whip in the House of Lords (Lord Lucan)  were automatically members.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 41], "section_span": [41, 41], "content_span": [42, 438]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076033-0001-0000", "contents": "1958 Labour Party Shadow Cabinet election\nLabour peers held a separate vote for one further member of the cabinet, won by Lord Faringdon.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 41], "section_span": [41, 41], "content_span": [42, 137]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076033-0002-0000", "contents": "1958 Labour Party Shadow Cabinet election\nIn the elections, Edith Summerskill regained her place in the cabinet after a year's absence, at the expense of George Brown. Full results are listed below:", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 41], "section_span": [41, 41], "content_span": [42, 198]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076034-0000-0000", "contents": "1958 Lady Wigram Trophy\nThe 1958 Lady Wigram Trophy was a motor race held at the Wigram Airfield Circuit on 25 January 1958. It was the seventh Lady Wigram Trophy to be held and was won by Archie Scott Brown in the Lister 57/1. This would prove to be one of Scott Brown's last victories before his untimely death at Spa-Francorchamps later that year.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [23, 23], "content_span": [24, 350]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076035-0000-0000", "contents": "1958 Lafayette Leopards baseball team\nThe 1958 Lafayette Leopards baseball team represented Lafayette College in the 1958 NCAA University Division baseball season. The Leopards played their home games at Fisher Field. The team was coached by Charlie Gelbert in his 13th year at Lafayette.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [37, 37], "content_span": [38, 288]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076035-0001-0000", "contents": "1958 Lafayette Leopards baseball team\nThe Leopards won the District II Playoff to advanced to the College World Series, where they were defeated by the Western Michigan Broncos.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [37, 37], "content_span": [38, 177]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076036-0000-0000", "contents": "1958 Lafayette Leopards football team\nThe 1958 Lafayette Leopards football team was an American football team that represented Lafayette College during the 1958 NCAA College Division football season. Lafayette finished second in the Middle Atlantic Conference, University Division, and tied for second in the Middle Three Conference.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [37, 37], "content_span": [38, 333]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076036-0001-0000", "contents": "1958 Lafayette Leopards football team\nIn their first year under head coach James McConlogue, the Leopards compiled a 5\u20133\u20131 record. Donald Dilly was the team captain.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [37, 37], "content_span": [38, 165]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076036-0002-0000", "contents": "1958 Lafayette Leopards football team\nIn the first year of football competition for the Middle Atlantic Conference, Lafayette finished second in the University Division with a record of 5\u20131\u20131 against conference opponents. The Leopards went 0\u20131\u20131 against the Middle Three, losing to Rutgers and tying Lehigh.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [37, 37], "content_span": [38, 307]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076036-0003-0000", "contents": "1958 Lafayette Leopards football team\nIn the final two weeks of their five-game winning streak, the Leopards were ranked No. 17 in the UPI Small College Poll. They dropped out of the poll after losing to Rutgers and remained unranked through the end of the season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [37, 37], "content_span": [38, 264]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076036-0004-0000", "contents": "1958 Lafayette Leopards football team\nLafayette played its home games at Fisher Field on College Hill in Easton, Pennsylvania.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [37, 37], "content_span": [38, 126]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076037-0000-0000", "contents": "1958 Lamar Tech Cardinals football team\nThe 1958 Lamar Tech Cardinals football team competed at the NCAA College Division level as a member of the Lone Star Conference. The Cardinals finished the season with a 6\u20132 record overall and a 5\u20132 conference record.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [39, 39], "content_span": [40, 257]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076038-0000-0000", "contents": "1958 Laotian parliamentary election\nParliamentary elections were held in Laos on 4 May 1958, in order to elect an additional 21 seats to the enlarged National Assembly, the lower chamber of Parliament. The Lao Patriotic Front won the most seats, although the ruling National Progressive Party remained the largest party in the Assembly, holding 26 of the 60 seats. Voter turnout was 82.1%.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [35, 35], "content_span": [36, 389]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076038-0001-0000", "contents": "1958 Laotian parliamentary election, Aftermath\nThe resounding success of the Lao Patriotic Front and its allies in winning thirteen of the 21 seats changed the political atmosphere in Vientiane. This success had less to do with the LPF's adroitness than with the ineptness of the old-line nationalists, more intent on advancing their personal interests than on meeting the challenge from the LPF. The two largest parties, the National Progressive Party and the Independent Party, could not agree on a list of common candidates in spite of repeated prodding by the United States embassy and so split their votes among dozens of candidates.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 46], "content_span": [47, 638]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076038-0001-0001", "contents": "1958 Laotian parliamentary election, Aftermath\nThe LPF and Peace and Neutrality Party carefully worked out a strategy of mutual support, which succeeded in winning nearly two-thirds of the seats with barely one-third of the votes cast. Souphanouvong garnered the most votes and became chairman of the National Assembly. The Progressive Party and the Independent Party tardily merged to become the Lao People's Rally.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 46], "content_span": [47, 416]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076038-0002-0000", "contents": "1958 Laotian parliamentary election, Aftermath\nIn the wake of the election fiasco, Washington concentrated on finding alternatives to Souvanna Phouma's strategy of winning over the Pathet Lao and on building up the Royal Lao Army as the only cohesive nationalist force capable of dealing with the communists' united front tactics. On 10 June 1958, a new political grouping called the Committee for the Defense of the National Interests (CDNI) made its appearance. Formed mainly of a younger generation not tied to the big families and as yet untainted by corruption, it announced a program for revitalizing the economy, forming an anticommunist front that excluded the Pathet Lao, suppressing corruption, and creating a national mystique.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 46], "content_span": [47, 738]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076038-0003-0000", "contents": "1958 Laotian parliamentary election, Aftermath\nWashington, which was paying the entire salary cost of the Royal Lao Army, was enthusiastic about the \"young Turks\" of the CDNI. This enthusiasm was not altogether shared by United States ambassador Horace H. Smith, who asked what right a group untested by any election had to set its sights on cabinet appointments. Whereas Souvanna Phouma tried and failed to form a government, creating a drawn-out cabinet crisis, Phoui Sananikone eventually succeeded and included four CDNI members and Phoumi Nosavan in a subcabinet post.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 46], "content_span": [47, 573]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076039-0000-0000", "contents": "1958 Latvian SSR Higher League, Overview\nIt was contested by 10 teams, and Sarkanais Metalurgs won the championship.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 40], "content_span": [41, 116]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076040-0000-0000", "contents": "1958 Lebanese presidential election\nAn indirect presidential election was held in the Parliament of Lebanon in 1958 following the crisis. The Parliament of Lebanon elected the commander of the armed forces Fouad Chehab as the next president of Lebanon on 31 July 1958 to succeed Camille Chamoun. Chehab was elected on the second ballot in a 48\u20137 vote. He defeated Raymond Edd\u00e9.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [35, 35], "content_span": [36, 377]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076040-0001-0000", "contents": "1958 Lebanese presidential election, Background\nThe term of Camille Chamoun, the second president of Lebanon, would have expired on 24 September 1958. Chamoun announced that he would run for president again, which was not permitted in the Constitution of Lebanon. Around the same time, tensions between Maronite Christians and Arab Muslims began to rise after the killing of Nasib Metni, the editor of Al Telegraf, who had been critical of Chamoun's rule. An armed rebellion began on 10 May 1958. The United Arab Republic (UAR) soon became involved in the region and its leader, Gamal Abdul Nasser, began publicly calling for Arab unity. Various nations, including Lebanon, blamed Nasser's actions for the increase in sectarian unrest, and the Lebanese government filed a formal complaint to the United Nations Security Council (UNSC) on 22 May 1958, accusing the UAR of meddling in the nation's affairs.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 47], "content_span": [48, 904]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076040-0002-0000", "contents": "1958 Lebanese presidential election, Background\nAfter various discussions, the UNSC passed a resolution on 11 June 1958 that recommended sending a group to Lebanon \"to ensure that there is no illegal infiltration of personnel or supply of arms or other material across the Lebanese borders\". A \"Group of Three\"\u2014Lasso Galo Plaza, Rajeshwar Dayal, and Odd Bull\u2014Dag Hammarskj\u00f6ld, the Secretary-General of the United Nations, and members of the United Nations Truce Supervision Organization were soon dispatched to Lebanon.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 47], "content_span": [48, 519]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076040-0002-0001", "contents": "1958 Lebanese presidential election, Background\nThe observers were criticized as ineffective, and members of the United States Marine Corps, backed up by the United States Sixth Fleet, were sent into Lebanon on 15 July 1958. Two days later, British forces arrived in the region. By the time of the election, there were 10,000 American troops in Lebanon.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 47], "content_span": [48, 353]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076040-0003-0000", "contents": "1958 Lebanese presidential election, Election\nThe President of Lebanon is elected by the Parliament of Lebanon. In the lead up to the election, parliament was divided into factions, namely those who supported western nations and Chamoun and those favoring Nasser and the United Arab Republic. Chehab was viewed as a compromise candidate; he was not interested in the presidency until \"it became clear that he was the only candidate who had any hope of wide acceptance.\" As a result, he consented to be nominated on 28 July, only three days before the election.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 45], "content_span": [46, 560]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076040-0004-0000", "contents": "1958 Lebanese presidential election, Election\nThe election was held on 31 July 1958, and members of parliament voted between two candidates: the commander of the armed forces Fouad Chehab and head of the National Bloc Raymond Edd\u00e9. Voting began at 11:34 AM, and on the first ballot Edd\u00e9 got ten votes and Chehab forty-three\u2014he would have won with a 2/3 majority, or forty-four votes. Although the second ballot only required a simple majority vote, Chehab was elected in a 48\u20137 vote with one abstention. Though there were sixty-six members of parliament, ten were not present at voting, including Sami as-Solh, the Prime Minister of Lebanon, who felt that an election should not be held until Lebanon was at peace.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 45], "content_span": [46, 714]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076040-0005-0000", "contents": "1958 Lebanese presidential election, Election\nEdd\u00e9 conceded after the election's results were announced. On 4 August, Chehab announced that he would work towards unity and stability in Lebanon and that the foremost of his aims \"is the withdrawal of foreign troops.\" Chehab was elected to a six-year term and took office on 23 September. The capital city of Beirut was patrolled by numerous troops and placed under a lockdown for all of the 23rd as Chehab was sworn in at 10:58 AM.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 45], "content_span": [46, 480]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076041-0000-0000", "contents": "1958 Lebanon crisis\nThe 1958 Lebanon crisis (also known as the Lebanese Civil War of 1958) was a political crisis in Lebanon caused by political and religious tensions in the country that included a United States military intervention. The intervention lasted for around three months until President Camille Chamoun, who had requested the assistance, completed his term as president of Lebanon. American and Lebanese government forces successfully occupied the Port of Beirut and Beirut International Airport. With the crisis over, the United States withdrew.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [19, 19], "content_span": [20, 559]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076041-0001-0000", "contents": "1958 Lebanon crisis, Background, Arab Cold War\nAfter the end of World War II in 1945, the United States and Soviet Union were the two major world powers. Two years later, the Truman Doctrine was issued, aimed at containing the spread of communism and the Soviet Union. The Cold War is generally considered to have begun around this time. As the world divided into the Eastern (communist) and Western (capitalist) Blocs, a struggle for ideological geopolitical supremacy between the US and USSR emerged. One of the ways it manifested was through proxy wars in various global regions.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [21, 46], "content_span": [47, 582]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076041-0001-0001", "contents": "1958 Lebanon crisis, Background, Arab Cold War\nOne of those regions was the Middle East, where the Arab Cold War took place. After the Suez Crisis in 1956, there was an increase in Arab hostility to the United States as well as increased Soviet influence in Egypt and Syria. The crisis also encouraged pan-Arabism and increased the popularity and influence of Gamal Abdel Nasser, President of Egypt. The United States feared that the region was susceptible to the spread of communism.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [21, 46], "content_span": [47, 484]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076041-0002-0000", "contents": "1958 Lebanon crisis, Background, Arab Cold War\nThe Eisenhower Doctrine was announced by President of the United States Dwight D. Eisenhower in January 1957. It pledged American economic and military aid to prevent communism from spreading in the Middle East. The United States Congress passed the doctrine on March 7 and it was signed into law on March 9. James P. Richards began to tour the Middle East and the Joint Chiefs of Staff and United States European Command began to make plans for intervention in the region.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [21, 46], "content_span": [47, 520]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076041-0002-0001", "contents": "1958 Lebanon crisis, Background, Arab Cold War\nTheir plan centered around the United States Sixth Fleet, stationed in the Mediterranean Sea, the Middle East Force and several Air Force units. 11,000 soldiers were made ready for combat in the region. While the doctrine was never formally invoked, the US supported Hussein of Jordan in 1957 against an alleged coup attempt and moved to prevent communism from spreading in Syria.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [21, 46], "content_span": [47, 427]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076041-0003-0000", "contents": "1958 Lebanon crisis, Background, The situation in Lebanon\nThe partition of the Ottoman Empire divided present-day Syria and Lebanon under the Mandate for Syria and the Lebanon in 1923. Lebanon completely became an independent nation on 22 November 1943 when the French Mandate formally ended. Around the time of independence, the National Pact was agreed upon, stating that, among other things, \"Lebanon was to be a completely independent sovereign state. The Christians were to forego seeking foreign [...] protection or attempting to bring Lebanon under foreign control or influence.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [21, 57], "content_span": [58, 585]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076041-0003-0001", "contents": "1958 Lebanon crisis, Background, The situation in Lebanon\nIn return, the Muslims were to forego making any attempt to bring Lebanon into any political union with Syria, or into the formation of any Arab Union\". The Pact marked a compromise between several religious sects living in the country\u2014namely Maronite Christians, Sunni Muslims, Shia Muslims, Greek Orthodox Christians, Greek Catholic Christians and Druzes.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [21, 57], "content_span": [58, 415]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076041-0004-0000", "contents": "1958 Lebanon crisis, Background, The situation in Lebanon\nCamille Chamoun was elected as the second President of Lebanon in 1952, replacing Bechara El Khoury. Described as \"quite openly anti-Communist\", the United States viewed Chamoun as \"definitely our friend.\" In 1957, shortly after the announcement of the Eisenhower Doctrine\u2014which Chamoun's regime had been the only Arab government to openly endorse \"without reservation\"\u2014the United States became concerned that parliamentary elections set for June would result in the election of a parliament that was hostile to the US. Many Muslims in the nation supported Nasser and the United Arab Republic (UAR).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [21, 57], "content_span": [58, 657]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076041-0004-0001", "contents": "1958 Lebanon crisis, Background, The situation in Lebanon\nKamal Jumblatt and Rashid Karami, Druze and Sunni leaders, respectively, condemned Chamoun's support for the Doctrine as violating the National Pact. US attempts to influence the election included approving the sending of $12.7 million in military or financial aid and sending operatives from the Central Intelligence Agency (including David Atlee Phillips, Miles Copeland Jr. and Wilbur Eveland) to the region, who provided \"campaign contributions\" towards pro-West politicians.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [21, 57], "content_span": [58, 537]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076041-0005-0000", "contents": "1958 Lebanon crisis, Background, The situation in Lebanon\nIn late May 1957 pro-Chamoun troops killed seven and wounded seventy-three protesters in Beirut and the following month opposition leaders argued that Chamoun \"had bought so many votes and gerrymandered so many districts that the balloting would be meaningless.\" The election was an American success, as fifty-three out of sixty-six parliamentarians supported Chamoun. The US continued to provide aid to Chamoun, fearing Soviet and UAR influence in the region. Chamun's opponents maintained that the election was invalid and needed to be re-held.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [21, 57], "content_span": [58, 604]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076041-0006-0000", "contents": "1958 Lebanon crisis, Background, The situation in Lebanon\nIn 1958, Camille Chamoun was in the sixth and final year of his term as President of Lebanon.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [21, 57], "content_span": [58, 151]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076041-0007-0000", "contents": "1958 Lebanon crisis, Background, Heightened tensions\nOn February 1, 1958, Syria and Egypt united, forming the UAR. The United States feared initially that the new nation would become the dominant power in the Middle East, but recognized it on February 25 after deciding that the UAR could be beneficial in halting communism's spread and keeping Nasser contained. Chamoun and Charles Malik worried that \u201cthe peril of subversion in Lebanon\" by the UAR \"was immediate\u201d and asked for American aid.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [21, 52], "content_span": [53, 493]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076041-0008-0000", "contents": "1958 Lebanon crisis, Background, Heightened tensions\nTensions were increasing in Lebanon throughout early 1958. Although Chamoun's term would have expired on 24 September 1958, he intended to run for president again, which was not permitted in the Constitution of Lebanon, and asked for American support in his effort. While the United States feared that a movement against Chamoun could harm their interests in the region, they were reluctant to withdraw support for him, as Fouad Chehab, the chief of staff of the Lebanese Army, was the most likely figure to succeed Chamoun. Robert M. McClintock, American ambassador to Lebanon, described Chehab as \u201ca neutral legume who would require careful pruning to grow in the right direction.\u201d As a result, the US did not formally support Chamoun's effort.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [21, 52], "content_span": [53, 799]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076041-0009-0000", "contents": "1958 Lebanon crisis, Background, Heightened tensions\nProtests by various groups\u2014mainly the Sunnis and the Druze\u2014began in February against the Christian Chamoun, who had also aligned himself in support of the US and Britain, actions that protesters considered breaches of the National Pact. Demonstrations also protested that Chamoun had not allowed Lebanon to join the UAR. The protesters felt that \"Chamoun was not willing to modify his foreign policy unless he was forced to.\" Tensions between Maronite Christians and Arab Muslims continued to rise after the killing of Nasib Metni on 8 May. Metni was the editor of Al Telegraf and had been critical of Chamoun's rule.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [21, 52], "content_span": [53, 670]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076041-0009-0001", "contents": "1958 Lebanon crisis, Background, Heightened tensions\nFighting erupted on the streets of Beirut as a Muslim mob burned the US Information Service library down. Heightened tensions existed around the country, including in the Beqaa Valley, where Shia militants were receiving weapons from Syria. The New York Times dated the beginning of a formal armed rebellion to 10 May 1958. Chamoun requested American military intervention in early May against the threat to his power under the Eisenhower Doctrine, although McClintock noted that there an \"absence of overt Communist aggression\".", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [21, 52], "content_span": [53, 582]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076041-0010-0000", "contents": "1958 Lebanon crisis, Background, Heightened tensions\nThe leader of the UAR, Nasser, began publicly calling for Arab unity. Various nations, including Lebanon, blamed Nasser's actions for the increase in sectarian unrest, and the Lebanese government filed a formal complaint to the United Nations Security Council (UNSC) on 22 May 1958, accusing the UAR of meddling in the nation's affairs. The UNSC passed a resolution on 11 June 1958 that recommended sending a group to Lebanon \"to ensure that there is no illegal infiltration of personnel or supply of arms or other material across the Lebanese borders\". A \"Group of Three\"\u2014Galo Plaza, Rajeshwar Dayal and Odd Bull\u2014 Dag Hammarskj\u00f6ld, the Secretary-General of the United Nations, and members of the United Nations Truce Supervision Organization were soon dispatched to Lebanon to form the United Nations Observation Group in Lebanon (UNOGIL).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [21, 52], "content_span": [53, 893]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076041-0011-0000", "contents": "1958 Lebanon crisis, Operation Blue Bat\nEisenhower responded by authorizing Operation Blue Bat on July 15, 1958, in the first application of the Eisenhower Doctrine in which the US announced that it would intervene to protect regimes that it considered to be threatened by international communism. The goal of the operation was to bolster Chamoun's pro-Western Lebanese government from internal opposition and threats from Syria and Egypt. The plan was to occupy and secure Beirut International Airport, a few miles south of the city, and then to secure the port of Beirut and the approaches to the city.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [21, 39], "content_span": [40, 604]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076041-0012-0000", "contents": "1958 Lebanon crisis, Operation Blue Bat\nThe chain of command for Operation Blue Bat was as follows: the Eisenhower administration at the strategic level; Specified Command, Middle East (SPECCOMME, a 'double-hat' for Commander in Chief, U.S. Naval Forces, Eastern Atlantic and Mediterranean) at the operational level; the United States Sixth Fleet, with aircraft carriers USS\u00a0Saratoga, USS\u00a0Essex and USS\u00a0Wasp, cruisers USS\u00a0Des Moines and USS\u00a0Boston, and two destroyer squadrons, including the USS\u00a0Leary, USS\u00a0Vesole and the USS\u00a0William M. Wood.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [21, 39], "content_span": [40, 542]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076041-0012-0001", "contents": "1958 Lebanon crisis, Operation Blue Bat\nAt the end of June, Essex and Boston were anchored at Piraeus, Greece, while Des Moines, from which Vice Admiral Charles R. Brown was flying his flag, was at Villefranche-sur-Mer. Land forces included the 2nd Provisional Marine Force (Task Force 62) and the United States Army Task Force 201 at the tactical level. Each of these three components influenced Operations Plan 215-58 and its execution.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [21, 39], "content_span": [40, 438]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076041-0013-0000", "contents": "1958 Lebanon crisis, Operation Blue Bat\nThe operation involved more than 14,000 men, including 8,509 US Army personnel, a contingent from the 1st Airborne Battle Group, 187th Infantry from the 24th Infantry Division and 5,670 officers and men of the United States Marine Corps (the 2nd Provisional Marine Force, of Battalion Landing Teams 1st Battalion, 8th Marines and 2nd Battalion, 2nd Marines under Brigadier General Sidney S. Wade). The 2nd Battalion, 8th Marines arrived on July 16 after a 54-hour airlift from Cherry Point, North Carolina They were supported by a fleet of 70 ships and 40,000 sailors. On July 16, 1958, Admiral James L. Holloway Jr., CINCNELM and CINCSPECCOMME, flew in from London to Beirut airport and boarded USS\u00a0Taconic from which he commanded the remainder of the operation. The U.S. withdrew its forces on October 25, 1958.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [21, 39], "content_span": [40, 853]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076041-0014-0000", "contents": "1958 Lebanon crisis, Operation Blue Bat\nEisenhower sent the diplomat Robert Daniel Murphy to Lebanon as his personal representative. Murphy played a significant role in convincing both sides of the conflict to reach a compromise by electing the moderate Christian general Fouad Chehab as incoming president, but allowing Chamoun to continue in power until the end of his term, on September 22.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [21, 39], "content_span": [40, 393]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076041-0015-0000", "contents": "1958 Lebanon crisis, Operation Blue Bat\nLebanese Prime Minister Rashid Karami formed a national reconciliation government after the end of the 1958 crisis.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [21, 39], "content_span": [40, 155]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076042-0000-0000", "contents": "1958 Leeds City Council election\nThe Leeds municipal elections were held on Thursday 10 April 1958, with one third of the seats and a double vacancy in Bramley to be elected.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [32, 32], "content_span": [33, 174]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076042-0001-0000", "contents": "1958 Leeds City Council election\nLabour achieved a further swing of 0.3%, to take two more seats from the Conservatives. The two gains were in Westfield - where the incumbents 7.5% swing was not enough to hold on - and Wortley, with Labour narrowly gaining on a 78-vote majority as the main beneficiaries of the Liberal absence this time around. As well as those two gains, Labour gained one in the new aldermen division, increasing their majority on the council to 34. A notable feat of the election was the Liberals managing to push the Conservatives into third in the two wards of Holbeck and Middleton - a post-war first. Turnout rose by a percentage point on the previous year, to 37.2%.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [32, 32], "content_span": [33, 692]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076042-0002-0000", "contents": "1958 Leeds City Council election, Election result\nThe result had the following consequences for the total number of seats on the council after the elections:", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 49], "content_span": [50, 157]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076043-0000-0000", "contents": "1958 Lehigh Engineers football team\nThe 1958 Lehigh Engineers football team was an American football team that represented Lehigh University during the 1958 NCAA College Division football season. Lehigh finished fourth in the Middle Atlantic Conference, University Division, and tied for second in the Middle Three Conference.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [35, 35], "content_span": [36, 326]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076043-0001-0000", "contents": "1958 Lehigh Engineers football team\nIn their 13th year under head coach William Leckonby, the Engineers compiled a 3\u20133\u20133 record. Charles Burger was the team captain.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [35, 35], "content_span": [36, 165]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076043-0002-0000", "contents": "1958 Lehigh Engineers football team\nIn the first year of football competition for the Middle Atlantic Conference, Lehigh finished fourth in the University Division with a record of 2\u20131\u20132 against conference opponents. The Engineers went 0\u20131\u20131 against the Middle Three, losing to Rutgers and tying Lafayette.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [35, 35], "content_span": [36, 306]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076043-0003-0000", "contents": "1958 Lehigh Engineers football team\nFollowing their defeat of a ranked Delaware team in the season's opening game, Lehigh entered the UPI Small College Poll at No. 6 in the first week of October. The tie result at Gettysburg dropped them to No. 13 the following week, and the loss to Harvard pushed them out of the top 20. The Engineers remained unranked through the end of the season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [35, 35], "content_span": [36, 385]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076043-0004-0000", "contents": "1958 Lehigh Engineers football team\nLehigh played its home games at Taylor Stadium on the university campus in Bethlehem, Pennsylvania.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [35, 35], "content_span": [36, 135]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076044-0000-0000", "contents": "1958 Liberal Party of Canada leadership election\nThe 1958 Liberal Party of Canada leadership election was called to replace Liberal leader Louis St. Laurent, who had resigned as Prime Minister after the 1957 election. On the first ballot, former External Affairs minister Lester Pearson defeated former cabinet minister Paul Martin and Mayor of Portage la Prairie, Harold Lloyd Henderson.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 48], "section_span": [48, 48], "content_span": [49, 388]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076044-0001-0000", "contents": "1958 Liberal Party of Canada leadership election, Background\nThe Liberals had held power for 22 years until their defeat in the 1957 federal election on June 10, 1957, which returned a Progressive Conservative minority government. Louis St. Laurent, who had led the Liberals since 1948, announced on September 6, 1957 that he would not be leading the Liberals into another election.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 48], "section_span": [50, 60], "content_span": [61, 382]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076044-0002-0000", "contents": "1958 Liberal Party of Canada leadership election, Candidates\nDonald Hugh Mackay, Mayor of Calgary, withdrew his candidacy a week before the convention. Former Finance Minister Walter Edward Harris, who had lost his seat in the election, had initially been expected to be Pearson's main competitor but did not run. Newfoundland MP and former Minister for Citizenship and Immigration Jack Pickersgill was also expected to run but did not stand. Other names mentioned as possible candidates were former Fisheries Minister and British Columbia MP James Sinclair (Coast\u2014Capilano), former Transport Minister and Montreal MP George Carlyle Marler (Saint-Antoine\u2014Westmount), and former Public Works Minister Robert Winters who had lost his Queens\u2014Lunenburg, Nova Scotia seat in the election.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 48], "section_span": [50, 60], "content_span": [61, 783]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076044-0003-0000", "contents": "1958 Liberal Party of Canada leadership election, Candidates\nPearson was the choice of the party establishment, had strong support from MPs in Quebec and Toronto, and won overwhelmingly on the first ballot and was also helped by being awarded the 1957 Nobel Peace Prize weeks before the convention. Martin, who had been on the left of the St. Laurent cabinet, attempted to appeal to the rank-and-file,", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 48], "section_span": [50, 60], "content_span": [61, 401]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076045-0000-0000", "contents": "1958 Liechtenstein general election\nGeneral elections were held in Liechtenstein on 23 March 1958. The Progressive Citizens' Party won nine of the 15 seats in the Landtag, but remained in coalition with the Patriotic Union.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [35, 35], "content_span": [36, 223]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076046-0000-0000", "contents": "1958 Liga Espa\u00f1ola de Baloncesto\nThe 1958 season was the 2nd season of the Liga Espa\u00f1ola de Baloncesto. Real Madrid won their title.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [32, 32], "content_span": [33, 132]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076047-0000-0000", "contents": "1958 Limerick Senior Hurling Championship\nThe 1958 Limerick Senior Hurling Championship was the 64th staging of the Limerick Senior Hurling Championship since its establishment by the Limerick County Board in 1887.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 41], "section_span": [41, 41], "content_span": [42, 214]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076047-0001-0000", "contents": "1958 Limerick Senior Hurling Championship\nOn 14 September 1958, Claughaun won the championship after a 2-09 to 1-04 defeat of Cappamore in the final. It was their seventh championship title overall and their second championship title in succession.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 41], "section_span": [41, 41], "content_span": [42, 248]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076048-0000-0000", "contents": "1958 Little League World Series\nThe 1958 Little League World Series took place on August 19 through 22 in Williamsport, Pennsylvania. Industrial Little League of Monterrey, Nuevo Le\u00f3n, Mexico, won its second consecutive Little League World Series by defeating the Jaycee Little League of Kankakee, Illinois, in the 12th Championship Game.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [31, 31], "content_span": [32, 338]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076048-0001-0000", "contents": "1958 Little League World Series\nThis was the last LLWS to be played at Original Field. This was the first LLWS to include teams from more than four qualifying regions, and also the first to give automatic berths to teams from Canada, represented by the Valleyfield Little League of Valleyfield, Quebec, and to Latin America, represented by Monterrey.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [31, 31], "content_span": [32, 350]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076049-0000-0000", "contents": "1958 Lituya Bay earthquake and megatsunami\nThe 1958 Lituya Bay earthquake occurred on July 9 at 22:15:58  with a moment magnitude of 7.8 to 8.3 and a maximum Mercalli intensity of XI (Extreme). The  strike-slip earthquake took place on the Fairweather Fault and triggered a rockslide of 40 million cubic yards (30 million cubic meters and about 90 million tons) into the narrow inlet of Lituya Bay, Alaska. The impact was heard 50 miles (80\u00a0km) away, and the sudden displacement of water resulted in a megatsunami that washed out trees to a maximum elevation of 1,720 feet (524 meters) at the entrance of Gilbert Inlet. This is the largest and most significant megatsunami in modern times; it forced a re-evaluation of large-wave events and the recognition of impact events, rockfalls, and landslides as causes of very large waves.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 42], "section_span": [42, 42], "content_span": [43, 831]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076049-0001-0000", "contents": "1958 Lituya Bay earthquake and megatsunami\nA 2010 model examined the amount of infill on the floor of the bay, which was many times larger than that of the rockfall alone, as well as the energy and height of the waves. Scientists concluded that there had been a \"dual slide\" involving a rockfall which also triggered a release of 5 to 10 times its volume of sediment trapped by the adjacent Lituya Glacier, a ratio comparable with other events where this \"dual slide\" effect is known to have happened. Lituya Bay has a history of megatsunami events, but the 1958 event was the first for which sufficient data was captured.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 42], "section_span": [42, 42], "content_span": [43, 622]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076049-0002-0000", "contents": "1958 Lituya Bay earthquake and megatsunami, Lituya Bay\nLituya Bay is a fjord located on the Fairweather Fault in the northeastern part of the Gulf of Alaska. It is a T-shaped bay with a width of 2 miles (3\u00a0km) and a length of 7 miles (11\u00a0km). Lituya Bay is an ice-scoured tidal inlet with a maximum depth of 722 feet (220\u00a0m). The narrow entrance of the bay has a depth of only 33 feet (10\u00a0m).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 42], "section_span": [44, 54], "content_span": [55, 392]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076049-0002-0001", "contents": "1958 Lituya Bay earthquake and megatsunami, Lituya Bay\nThe two arms that create the top of the T-shape of the bay are the Gilbert and Crillon inlets and are a part of a trench on the Fairweather Fault. In the past 150 years Lituya Bay has had three other tsunamis of over 100\u00a0ft: 1854 (395\u00a0ft or 120\u00a0m), 1899 (200\u00a0ft or 61\u00a0m), and 1936 (490\u00a0ft or 150\u00a0m).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 42], "section_span": [44, 54], "content_span": [55, 354]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076049-0003-0000", "contents": "1958 Lituya Bay earthquake and megatsunami, Lituya Bay\nNear the crest of the Fairweather Mountains sit the Lituya and the North Crillon glaciers. They are each about 12 miles (19\u00a0km) long and 1 mile (1.6\u00a0km) wide with an elevation of 4,000 feet (1,200\u00a0m). The retreats of these glaciers form the present \"T\" shape of the bay, the Gilbert and Crillon inlets.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 42], "section_span": [44, 54], "content_span": [55, 357]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076049-0004-0000", "contents": "1958 Lituya Bay earthquake and megatsunami, Lituya Bay, Earthquake\nThe major earthquake that struck on the Fairweather Fault had a moment magnitude of 7.8 and a maximum perceived intensity of XI (Extreme) on the Mercalli intensity scale. The epicenter of the quake was at latitude 58.37\u00b0\u00a0N, longitude 136.67\u00b0\u00a0W near the Fairweather Range, 7.5 miles (12.1\u00a0km) east of the surface trace of the Fairweather fault, and 13 miles (21\u00a0km) southeast of Lituya Bay. This earthquake had been the strongest in over 50 years for this region: the Cape Yakataga earthquake, with an estimated magnitude of 8.2 on the Richter scale, occurred on September 4, 1899. The shock was felt in southeastern Alaskan cities over an area of 400,000 square miles (1,000,000\u00a0km2), as far south as Seattle, Washington, and as far east as Whitehorse, Yukon, Canada.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 42], "section_span": [44, 66], "content_span": [67, 834]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076049-0005-0000", "contents": "1958 Lituya Bay earthquake and megatsunami, Lituya Bay, Rockfall\nThe earthquake caused a subaerial rockfall in the Gilbert Inlet. Over 30 million cubic meters of rock fell from a height of several hundred meters into the bay, creating the megatsunami. Two people from a fishing boat died as a result of having been caught by a wave in the bay. Two more individuals, a fishing boat captain and his seven-year-old son, were struck by the wave while aboard their own vessel and lifted hundreds of feet into the air by the swell; remarkably, both survived with minimal injuries.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 42], "section_span": [44, 64], "content_span": [65, 574]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076049-0005-0001", "contents": "1958 Lituya Bay earthquake and megatsunami, Lituya Bay, Rockfall\nIn Yakutat, the only permanent outpost close to the epicenter at the time, infrastructure such as bridges, docks, and oil lines all sustained damage. A water tower collapsed, and a cabin was damaged beyond repair. Sand boils and fissures occurred near the coast southeast of there, and underwater cables that supported the Alaska Communication System were cut. Lighter damage was also reported in Pelican and Sitka.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 42], "section_span": [44, 64], "content_span": [65, 480]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076049-0006-0000", "contents": "1958 Lituya Bay earthquake and megatsunami, Lituya Bay, Rockfall\nAfter the earthquake it was observed that a subglacial lake, located northwest of the bend in the Lituya Glacier at the head of Lituya Bay, had dropped 100\u00a0ft (30\u00a0m). This proposed another possible cause to the production of the 100\u00a0ft (30\u00a0m) wave which caused destruction as high as 1,720 ft (524 m) above the surface of the bay as its momentum carried it upslope.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 42], "section_span": [44, 64], "content_span": [65, 430]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076049-0006-0001", "contents": "1958 Lituya Bay earthquake and megatsunami, Lituya Bay, Rockfall\nIt is possible that a good amount of water drained from the glacial lake through a glacial tunnel flowing directly in front of the glacier, though neither the rate of drainage nor the volume of water drained could produce a wave of such magnitude. Even if a large enough drainage were to take place in front of the Gilbert Glacier, the run-off would have been projected to be on the opposite side in Crillon Inlet. After these considerations it was determined that glacial drainage was not the mechanism that caused the giant wave.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 42], "section_span": [44, 64], "content_span": [65, 596]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076049-0007-0000", "contents": "1958 Lituya Bay earthquake and megatsunami, Lituya Bay, Eyewitness account\nAt 22:15 hours PST on July 9, 1958, which was still daylight at that time of year, an earthquake with a magnitude of 7.8 struck the Lituya Bay area. The tide was ebbing at about plus 1.5 m and the weather was clear. Anchored in a cove near the west side of the entrance of the bay, Bill and Vivian Swanson were on their boat fishing when the earthquake hit:", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 42], "section_span": [44, 74], "content_span": [75, 432]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076049-0008-0000", "contents": "1958 Lituya Bay earthquake and megatsunami, Lituya Bay, Eyewitness account\nWith the first jolt, I tumbled out of the bunk and looked toward the head of the bay where all the noise was coming from. The mountains were shaking something awful, with slide of rock and snow, but what I noticed mostly was the glacier, the north glacier, the one they call Lituya Glacier. I know you can't ordinarily see that glacier from where I was anchored. People shake their heads when I tell them I saw it that night. I can't help it if they don't believe me.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 42], "section_span": [44, 74], "content_span": [75, 542]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076049-0008-0001", "contents": "1958 Lituya Bay earthquake and megatsunami, Lituya Bay, Eyewitness account\nI know the glacier is hidden by the point when you're in Anchorage Cove, but I know what I saw that night, too. The glacier had risen in the air and moved forward so it was in sight. It must have risen several hundred feet. I don't mean it was just hanging in the air. It seems to be solid, but it was jumping and shaking like crazy. Big chunks of ice were falling off the face of it and down into the water. That was six miles away and they still looked like big chunks.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 42], "section_span": [44, 74], "content_span": [75, 546]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076049-0008-0002", "contents": "1958 Lituya Bay earthquake and megatsunami, Lituya Bay, Eyewitness account\nThey came off the glacier like a big load of rocks spilling out of a dump truck. That went on for a little while\u2014it's hard to tell just how long\u2014and then suddenly the glacier dropped back out of sight and there was a big wall of water going over the point. The wave started for us right after that and I was too busy to tell what else was happening up there.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 42], "section_span": [44, 74], "content_span": [75, 433]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076049-0009-0000", "contents": "1958 Lituya Bay earthquake and megatsunami, Lituya Bay, Eyewitness account\nThe wave caused damage to the vegetation up the headlands around the area where the rockfall occurred, up to a height of 520 metres (1,710\u00a0ft), as well as along the shoreline of the bay.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 42], "section_span": [44, 74], "content_span": [75, 261]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076049-0010-0000", "contents": "1958 Lituya Bay earthquake and megatsunami, History of past events\nAround five megatsunamis are believed to have occurred at Lituya Bay during a period of about 150 years:", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 42], "section_span": [44, 66], "content_span": [67, 171]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076049-0011-0000", "contents": "1958 Lituya Bay earthquake and megatsunami, Analysis, 1999 analysis\nThe mechanism giving rise to megatsunamis was analyzed for the Lituya Bay event in a study presented at the Tsunami Society in 1999.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 42], "section_span": [44, 67], "content_span": [68, 200]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076049-0012-0000", "contents": "1958 Lituya Bay earthquake and megatsunami, Analysis, 1999 analysis\nAlthough the earthquake which caused the megatsunami was very energetic and involved strong ground movements, several possible mechanisms were not likely or able to have caused the resulting megatsunami. Neither water drainage from a lake, nor landslide, nor the force of the earthquake itself led to the megatsunami, although all of these may have contributed.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 42], "section_span": [44, 67], "content_span": [68, 429]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076049-0013-0000", "contents": "1958 Lituya Bay earthquake and megatsunami, Analysis, 1999 analysis\nInstead, the megatsunami was caused by a massive and sudden impulsive impact when about 40 million cubic yards of rock several hundred meters above the bay was fractured from the side of the bay, by the earthquake, and fell \"practically as a monolithic unit\" down the almost vertical slope and into the bay. The rockfall also caused air to be dragged along due to viscosity effects, which added to the volume of displacement, and further impacted the sediment on the floor of the bay, creating a large crater. The study concluded that:", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 42], "section_span": [44, 67], "content_span": [68, 603]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076049-0014-0000", "contents": "1958 Lituya Bay earthquake and megatsunami, Analysis, 1999 analysis\nSubsequent mathematical modeling at the Los Alamos National Laboratory (Mader, 1999, Mader & Gittings, 2002) supported the proposed mechanism \u2013 as there was indeed sufficient volume of water and an adequately deep layer of sediments in the Lituya Bay inlet to account for the giant wave runup and the subsequent inundation. The modeling reproduced the documented physical observations of runup.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 42], "section_span": [44, 67], "content_span": [68, 462]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076049-0015-0000", "contents": "1958 Lituya Bay earthquake and megatsunami, Analysis, 2010 analysis\nA subsequent analysis that examined the wider impact of the event found that the rockfall itself was inadequate to explain the resulting accounts and evidence. In particular, the amount of sediment apparently added to the bay, judging by the sea-floor shape, was much greater than could be explained by the rockfall alone, or even the rockfall and sediment disturbed by it, and the energy of the resulting waves from the rockfall and stirred-up sediment would not have been sufficient.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 42], "section_span": [44, 67], "content_span": [68, 553]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076049-0015-0001", "contents": "1958 Lituya Bay earthquake and megatsunami, Analysis, 2010 analysis\nThe study concluded that, instead, a \"dual slide\" event was more likely \u2013 the rockfall, impacting very close to the head of the Lituya Glacier, caused around 400 meters (1,312 feet) of ice from the glacial toe to break off (as shown in photographs from the time), and possibly injected considerable water under the glacier.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 42], "section_span": [44, 67], "content_span": [68, 391]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076049-0015-0002", "contents": "1958 Lituya Bay earthquake and megatsunami, Analysis, 2010 analysis\nThe glacier, lightened, rose before stabilizing in the water, and a large amount of trapped infill (subglacial and proglacial sediment) that was trapped under the glacier and had already been loosened by the earthquake was released as an almost immediate and many times larger second slide. The debris released was estimated by the study as being between 5 and 10 times the volume of the initial rockfall, a bulking ratio comparable with that of other events such as the September 2002 Kolka-Karmadon rock ice slide (estimated ratio between 5 and 10), the November 1987 Parraguirre landslide (est.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 42], "section_span": [44, 67], "content_span": [68, 665]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076049-0015-0003", "contents": "1958 Lituya Bay earthquake and megatsunami, Analysis, 2010 analysis\nratio 2.5) and the May 1970 Huascar\u00e1n landslide (est. ratio 4). This additional volume would explain the large changes in the underwater shape of the sea floor in the bay, and the additional energy of waves, especially at the western end of the bay. The paper's authors suggest that core samples may show a 70-meter (230-foot) deep layer of reworked sediment if this model is correct.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 42], "section_span": [44, 67], "content_span": [68, 452]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076050-0000-0000", "contents": "1958 Liverpool City Council election\nElections to Liverpool City Council were held on 8 May 1958.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [36, 36], "content_span": [37, 97]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076050-0001-0000", "contents": "1958 Liverpool City Council election, Ward results\nThe Councillors seeking re-election at this election were elected in 1955 for a three-year term, therefore comparisons are made with the 1955 election results.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 50], "content_span": [51, 210]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076050-0002-0000", "contents": "1958 Liverpool City Council election, Aldermanic Elections\nAt the meeting of the City Council on 19 May 1958 the terms of office of twenty of the forty Aldermen expired and the Councillors elected twenty Aldermen to fill the vacant positions for a term of six years.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 58], "content_span": [59, 266]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076051-0000-0000", "contents": "1958 Li\u00e8ge\u2013Bastogne\u2013Li\u00e8ge\nThe 1958 Li\u00e8ge\u2013Bastogne\u2013Li\u00e8ge was the 44th edition of the Li\u00e8ge\u2013Bastogne\u2013Li\u00e8ge cycle race and was held on 27 April 1958. The race started and finished in Li\u00e8ge. The race was won by Fred De Bruyne of the Carpano team.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [25, 25], "content_span": [26, 242]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076052-0000-0000", "contents": "1958 London County Council election\nAn election to the County Council of London took place on 16 April 1958. The council was elected by First Past the Post with each elector having three votes in the three-member seats. The Labour Party, who had already run the council for 24 years, won their largest ever majority.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [35, 35], "content_span": [36, 316]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076052-0001-0000", "contents": "1958 London County Council election, Campaign\nThe Labour Party were optimistic about making gains, and targeted seats in Battersea South, Clapham, Lewisham West, Wandsworth Central and Woolwich West. The Conservatives targeted the marginal Labour-held constituencies of Barons Court, Kensington North and Paddington North. Their manifesto argued that the Labour Party were wasting money; they proposed reducing rates, and encouraged Londoners to move to new towns.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 45], "content_span": [46, 464]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076052-0002-0000", "contents": "1958 London County Council election, Campaign\nThe Liberal Party stood 31 candidates, but reports suggested that they were hampered by poor organisation, and were not optimistic of taking a seat. The Communist Party of Great Britain and the Independent Labour Party each stood four candidates, while the Socialist Party of Great Britain stood three, and there were seven independents.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 45], "content_span": [46, 383]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076052-0003-0000", "contents": "1958 London County Council election, Results\nThe Labour Party gained 27 seats from the Conservatives, giving them a record majority on the council.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 44], "content_span": [45, 147]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076053-0000-0000", "contents": "1958 London Vickers Viking accident\nThe London Vickers Viking accident occurred on 2 September 1958 when an Independent Air Travel Vickers VC.1 Viking (registration G-AIJE) with three crew members aboard and loaded with two Bristol Proteus turboprop engines as cargo attempted a flight from London Heathrow Airport to Tel Aviv via Nice, Brindisi and Athens.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [35, 35], "content_span": [36, 357]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076053-0001-0000", "contents": "1958 London Vickers Viking accident, Accident\nThe aircraft took off from Heathrow at 05:54 GMT but minutes into the flight the flight crew reported engine problems and requested a return to Blackbushe Airport. The crew was cleared by Air Traffic Control to descend to 3000 feet, but they were unable to maintain this altitude and continued descending. A Mayday call was made from the aircraft at 06:32 GMT, shortly before it crashed into a row of houses on Kelvin Gardens, Southall, Middlesex. The aircraft burst into flames on impact, killing all three crew members as well as four people on the ground, a mother and three children. Witnesses reported that they saw one of the crew waving outside of the aircraft just before the aircraft crashed.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 45], "content_span": [46, 747]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076053-0002-0000", "contents": "1958 London Vickers Viking accident, Cause\nAccording to the Public inquiry which investigated the accident, the probable cause of the accident was that \"the aircraft was allowed to lose height and flying speed with the result that the pilot was no longer able to exercise asymmetric control.\" While the reasons for the loss of power and the subsequent loss of height and speed were not known, the public inquiry found a number of serious flaws in the operation of Independent Air Travel and the maintenance of the aircraft.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 42], "content_span": [43, 523]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076053-0002-0001", "contents": "1958 London Vickers Viking accident, Cause\nMaintenance had been carried out on one of the aircraft propellers at Heathrow on the night before the accident by personnel who were not qualified to carry out the work. The aircraft was overloaded and the pilot had not had adequate rest, having effectively been on duty for 31 hours 30 minutes compared with the 16 hours required by the regulations (This took advantage of a loophole in regulations that allowed crew to carry out flights during \"rest\" hours if no passengers or cargo was carried.). Check flights, which should have tested the pilot's ability to handle the aircraft at high weights and with one engine out were found to be \"perfunctory\" and did not adequately prove the pilot's ability to handle the aircraft with one engine failed.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 42], "content_span": [43, 793]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076053-0003-0000", "contents": "1958 London Vickers Viking accident, Cause\nThe report stated that \"it is quite clear...that the policy of this company was to keep its aircraft in the air at all costs and without any real regard for the requirements of maintenance.\" and that \"it is not difficult for employers who are not unduly concerned to observe the regulations, to drive their employees and . . . to induce them to disregard the regulations designed to ensure safety in the air.\"", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 42], "content_span": [43, 452]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076054-0000-0000", "contents": "1958 Long Beach State 49ers football team\nThe 1958 Long Beach State 49ers football team represented Long Beach State College during the 1958 NCAA College Division football season. The 49ers competed in the California Collegiate Athletic Association (CCAA).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 41], "section_span": [41, 41], "content_span": [42, 256]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076054-0001-0000", "contents": "1958 Long Beach State 49ers football team\nThe team was led by head coach Don Reed, in his first year, and played home games at Veterans Stadium adjacent to the campus of Long Beach City College in Long Beach, California. They finished the season with a record of two wins, six losses and one tie (2\u20136\u20131, 1\u20133\u20131 CCAA).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 41], "section_span": [41, 41], "content_span": [42, 316]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076054-0002-0000", "contents": "1958 Long Beach State 49ers football team, Team players in the NFL\nNo Long Beach State 49ers were selected in the 1959 NFL Draft.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 41], "section_span": [43, 66], "content_span": [67, 129]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076055-0000-0000", "contents": "1958 Los Angeles Dodgers season\nThe Los Angeles Dodgers took the field before 78,672 fans at the Los Angeles Memorial Coliseum on April 18, 1958, to usher in the beginning of the team's new life in Los Angeles. It was a rough season, as the Dodgers finished 21 games in back of the pennant-winning Milwaukee Braves in the National League standings, but it was the beginning of the second phase for the team. Vin Scully and company moved to KTTV (television) and KMPC (radio) from that year onward, and the Dodgers became one of the first teams that commenced Spanish language radio broadcasts for Latinos, with KWKW as the first station to offer a Spanish-language service.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [31, 31], "content_span": [32, 673]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076055-0001-0000", "contents": "1958 Los Angeles Dodgers season, Offseason, Spring training\nThe Dodgers played their first exhibition game as the Los Angeles Dodgers on March 8, 1958. The team faced the Philadelphia Phillies at Miami Stadium. Ron Negray started for the Dodgers and gave up four runs in a 7 to 4 Dodgers loss. The New York Times noted that as much as the game was a historic milestone for the franchise, it was a chance for manager Walter Alston to evaluate players under game conditions, especially catchers, following Roy Campanella's offseason auto accident that ended his career before he could ever play for Los Angeles.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 59], "content_span": [60, 609]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076055-0002-0000", "contents": "1958 Los Angeles Dodgers season, Player stats, Batting, Starters by position\nNote: Pos = Position; G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 76], "content_span": [77, 201]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076055-0003-0000", "contents": "1958 Los Angeles Dodgers season, Player stats, Batting, Other batters\nNote: G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 69], "content_span": [70, 178]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076055-0004-0000", "contents": "1958 Los Angeles Dodgers season, Player stats, Pitching, Starting pitchers\nNote: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 74], "content_span": [75, 185]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076055-0005-0000", "contents": "1958 Los Angeles Dodgers season, Player stats, Pitching, Other pitchers\nNote: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 71], "content_span": [72, 182]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076055-0006-0000", "contents": "1958 Los Angeles Dodgers season, Player stats, Pitching, Relief pitchers\nNote: G = Games pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; SV = Saves; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 72], "content_span": [73, 173]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076056-0000-0000", "contents": "1958 Los Angeles Rams season\nThe 1958 Los Angeles Rams season was the team's 21st year with the National Football League and the 13th season in Los Angeles.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [28, 28], "content_span": [29, 156]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076056-0001-0000", "contents": "1958 Los Angeles Rams season, Schedule, Standings\nNote: Tie games were not officially counted in the standings until 1972.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 49], "content_span": [50, 122]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076057-0000-0000", "contents": "1958 Los Angeles State Diablos football team\nThe 1958 Los Angeles State Diablos football team represented Los Angeles State during the 1958 NCAA College Division football season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [44, 44], "content_span": [45, 178]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076057-0001-0000", "contents": "1958 Los Angeles State Diablos football team\nLos Angeles State competed in the California Collegiate Athletic Association (CCAA). The team was led by eighth-year head coach Leonard (Bud) Adams, who had been the leader of the team since the school started playing intercollegiate football in 1951. The Diablos played one home game at East L.A. College Stadium Monterey Park, California and four at the Rose Bowl in Pasadena, California. They finished the season with a record of four wins, four losses and one tie (4\u20134\u20131, 0\u20134\u20131 CCAA).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [44, 44], "content_span": [45, 533]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076057-0002-0000", "contents": "1958 Los Angeles State Diablos football team, Team players in the NFL\nThe following Los Angeles State players were selected in the 1959 NFL Draft.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [46, 69], "content_span": [70, 146]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076058-0000-0000", "contents": "1958 Louisiana Tech Bulldogs football team\nThe 1958 Louisiana Tech Bulldogs football team was an American football team that represented the Louisiana Polytechnic Institute (now known as Louisiana Tech University) as a member of the Gulf States Conference during the 1958 NCAA College Division football season. In their eighteenth year under head coach Joe Aillet, the team compiled a 7\u20133 record and finished as Gulf States Conference co-champion.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 42], "section_span": [42, 42], "content_span": [43, 447]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076059-0000-0000", "contents": "1958 Louisville Cardinals football team\nThe 1958 Louisville Cardinals football team was an American football team that represented the University of Louisville as an independent during the 1958 NCAA College Division football season. In their 13th season under head coach Frank Camp, the Cardinals compiled a 4\u20134 record.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [39, 39], "content_span": [40, 319]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076059-0001-0000", "contents": "1958 Louisville Cardinals football team\nThe team's statistical leaders included Ken Porco with 581 rushing yards and Dale Orem with 385 passing yards.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [39, 39], "content_span": [40, 150]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076060-0000-0000", "contents": "1958 Mailuu-Suu tailings dam failure\nThe 1958 Mailuu-Suu tailings dam failure in the industrial town of Mailuu-Suu, (Kyrgyz: \u041c\u0430\u0439\u043b\u0443\u0443\u0441\u0443\u0443), Jalal-Abad Region, southern Kyrgyzstan, caused the uncontrolled release of 600,000 cubic metres (21,000,000\u00a0cu\u00a0ft) of radioactive waste.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [36, 36], "content_span": [37, 273]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076060-0001-0000", "contents": "1958 Mailuu-Suu tailings dam failure\nThe event caused several direct casualties and widespread environmental damage. It was the single worst incident in a region of arid, mountainous western Kyrgyzstan, with a collection of shuttered Soviet-era uranium mining and processing sites, a legacy of extensive radioactive waste dumps, and a history of flooding and mudslides.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [36, 36], "content_span": [37, 369]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076060-0002-0000", "contents": "1958 Mailuu-Suu tailings dam failure\nAs of 2017, despite recent remediations funded by the World Bank and others, the treatment of radioactive waste at Mailuu-Suu still poses serious health and safety risks for local residents.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [36, 36], "content_span": [37, 227]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076060-0003-0000", "contents": "1958 Mailuu-Suu tailings dam failure, Background\nOil was discovered here in the early 1900s. Deposits of radium-bearing barites had been discovered by Alexander Fersman in 1929, during his national mineralogical resources survey for the new Soviet government. Uranium mining began in 1946, organized by the \"Zapadnyi Mining and Chemical Combine\". In addition to mining, two uranium plants would process more than 10,000 short tons (9,100\u00a0t) of uranium ore, by ion exchange and alkaline leach, to produce uranium oxide for Soviet atomic bomb projects. The processed ore was both mined locally and imported from elsewhere in the Eastern Bloc.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 48], "content_span": [49, 640]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076060-0004-0000", "contents": "1958 Mailuu-Suu tailings dam failure, Background\nThe town was classified as one of the Soviet government's secret cities, officially known only as \"Mailbox 200\".", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 48], "content_span": [49, 161]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076060-0005-0000", "contents": "1958 Mailuu-Suu tailings dam failure, Background\nUranium mining was halted in 1968. Operations left behind some 23 separate uranium tailings dams and 13 waste rock dumps, poorly designed on unstable hillsides above a town of 20,000 people in an area prone to both landslides and earthquakes, holding a total 1,900,000 cubic metres (67,000,000\u00a0cu\u00a0ft) of material containing radionuclides and heavy metals. No attempt to stabilize or seal the material was done when Soviet mining ceased.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 48], "content_span": [49, 485]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076060-0006-0000", "contents": "1958 Mailuu-Suu tailings dam failure, Dam failure\nOn April 16, 1958, with mining and processing plants still operational, a combination of poor design, neglect, heavy rainfall and a reported earthquake caused the #7 tailings dam at Mailuu-Suu to fail. About 50% of the entire volume of the dam flowed into the swift Mailuu-Suu River, only 30 metres (98\u00a0ft) downhill from the breach. The waste then spread about 40 kilometres (25\u00a0mi) downstream across the national border into Uzbekistan then into the heavily populated Fergana Valley. The Mailuu-Suu River is a tributary of the Kara Darya, used for agricultural irrigation in the valley.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 49], "content_span": [50, 637]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076060-0007-0000", "contents": "1958 Mailuu-Suu tailings dam failure, Dam failure\nSome fatalities, building destruction, and contamination of the flood plain were reported as the direct result of the mudflow. Lack of any public response by officials makes it difficult to identify fatalities from the April 1958 event, especially as distinguished from everyday exposure.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 49], "content_span": [50, 338]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076060-0008-0000", "contents": "1958 Mailuu-Suu tailings dam failure, Aftermath\nLongterm health effects are more measurable. Grave threats to long-term residents persist, with residents experiencing far higher rates of cancer, goiter, anemia, and other illnesses related to radiological exposure.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 47], "content_span": [48, 264]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076060-0009-0000", "contents": "1958 Mailuu-Suu tailings dam failure, Aftermath\nMailuu-Suu was found to be one of the 10 most polluted sites in the world in a study published in 2006 by the Blacksmith Institute.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 47], "content_span": [48, 179]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076060-0010-0000", "contents": "1958 Mailuu-Suu tailings dam failure, Aftermath\nAnnual spring flooding and the lack of maintenance pose a continued threat of further releases of radioactive material. In 1994, a new landslide temporarily dammed the Mailuu-Suu River. In 2002 a flood caused by a mudslide nearly submerged a tailings pit.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 47], "content_span": [48, 303]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076060-0011-0000", "contents": "1958 Mailuu-Suu tailings dam failure, Aftermath\nThe World Bank approved a US$5 million grant to reclaim the tailings pits in 2004, and approved an additional $1 million grant for the project in 2011. The United Nations Development Programme, and the European Bank for Reconstruction and Development have also funded programs.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 47], "content_span": [48, 325]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076061-0000-0000", "contents": "1958 Maine Black Bears football team\nThe 1958 Maine Black Bears football team was an American football team that represented the University of Maine as a member of the Yankee Conference during the 1958 NCAA College Division football season. In its eighth season under head coach Harold Westerman, the team compiled a 6\u20132 record (4\u20131 against conference opponents) and finished second out of the six teams in the Yankee Conference championship. The team played its home games at Alumni Field in Orono, Maine. Niles Nelson was the team captain.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [36, 36], "content_span": [37, 541]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076062-0000-0000", "contents": "1958 Maine gubernatorial election\nThe 1958 Maine gubernatorial election took place on September 8, 1958. Incumbent Democratic Governor Edmund Muskie, was term limited and seeking election to the United States Senate, thus did not run. Democrat Clinton Clauson, then mayor of Waterville, unexpectedly defeated Muskie's chosen Democratic candidate in the primary, and faced off against the popular previous two term Republican Governor, Horace Hildreth in the general election. Hildreth was the heavy favorite to win, however Clauson was able to narrowly defeat him, retaining the Blaine House for the Democrats.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [33, 33], "content_span": [34, 610]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076062-0001-0000", "contents": "1958 Maine gubernatorial election\nThe election was also the last time that Maine would hold its election in September. Traditionally, Maine had held its elections two months before the rest of the nation, which had help give birth to the phrase \"As Maine goes, so goes the nation\" and its status as a bellwether state. However, following a 1957 referendum, the state constitution was amended to hold all elections after 1958 in November and shift from two-year to four-year terms.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [33, 33], "content_span": [34, 480]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076062-0002-0000", "contents": "1958 Maine gubernatorial election, Notes\nThis Maine elections-related article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by .", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 40], "content_span": [41, 116]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076063-0000-0000", "contents": "1958 Major League Baseball All-Star Game\nThe 1958 Major League Baseball All-Star Game was the 25th playing of the midsummer classic between the all-stars of the American League (AL) and National League (NL), the two leagues comprising Major League Baseball. The game was held on July 8, 1958, at Memorial Stadium in Baltimore, Maryland, the home of the Baltimore Orioles of the American League.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [40, 40], "content_span": [41, 394]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076063-0001-0000", "contents": "1958 Major League Baseball All-Star Game\nThis was the first Major League Baseball All-Star Game without an extra base hit.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [40, 40], "content_span": [41, 122]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076063-0002-0000", "contents": "1958 Major League Baseball All-Star Game\nFor this Diamond Jubilee game, the ceremonial first pitch was thrown by U.S. Vice President Richard Nixon, who became President 10 years later. The attendance was 48,829. The game was broadcast on the NBC television and radio networks.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [40, 40], "content_span": [41, 276]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076063-0003-0000", "contents": "1958 Major League Baseball All-Star Game\nThe first hit of the game was by legendary center fielder Willie Mays. The last scoring came in the sixth inning when the American League team took the lead after an error by third baseman Frank Thomas led to a single by Gil McDougald. Early Wynn was the winning pitcher as the American League scored a 4-3 victory.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [40, 40], "content_span": [41, 356]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076063-0004-0000", "contents": "1958 Major League Baseball All-Star Game\nSeveral players were named to the team but did not get into the game. These included Billy Pierce, Tony Kubek, Harvey Kuenn, Sherm Lollar, Rocky Bridges, Ryne Duren, Whitey Ford, and Elston Howard for the American League. For the National League team, Johnny Antonelli, Richie Ashburn, George Crowe, Eddie Mathews, Don McMahon, Walt Moryn, Johnny Podres, Bob Purkey, and Bob Schmidt were on the roster but did not play.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [40, 40], "content_span": [41, 460]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076063-0005-0000", "contents": "1958 Major League Baseball All-Star Game\nThe next All-Star Game to be played in Baltimore was in 1993; that edition was aired on both CBS TV and radio, and played in Oriole Park at Camden Yards, with a special commemoration of this game's 35th anniversary.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [40, 40], "content_span": [41, 256]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076064-0000-0000", "contents": "1958 Major League Baseball season\nThe 1958 Major League Baseball season was played from April 14 to October 15. It was the first season of play in California for the Los Angeles Dodgers (formerly of Brooklyn) and the San Francisco Giants (formerly of New York City). Three teams had relocated earlier in the decade: the Milwaukee Braves, Baltimore Orioles, and Kansas City Athletics. New York went without a National League team for four seasons, until the expansion New York Mets began play in 1962.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [33, 33], "content_span": [34, 500]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076065-0000-0000", "contents": "1958 Malagasy constitutional referendum\nA referendum on the new constitution of France was held in Madagascar on 28 September 1958 as part of a wider referendum held across the French Union. The new constitution would see the country become part of the new French Community if accepted, or result in independence if rejected. It was approved by 77.64% of voters. The country subsequently became independent on 26 June 1960.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [39, 39], "content_span": [40, 423]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076066-0000-0000", "contents": "1958 Malayan local elections\nLocal elections were held in the Federation of Malaya in 1958.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [28, 28], "content_span": [29, 91]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076067-0000-0000", "contents": "1958 Manitoba general election\nThe 1958 Manitoba general election was held on June 16, 1958 to elect Members of the Legislative Assembly of the Province of Manitoba, Canada. The election resulted in a minority victory for the Progressive Conservative Party under the leadership of Dufferin Roblin.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [30, 30], "content_span": [31, 297]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076067-0001-0000", "contents": "1958 Manitoba general election\nThis election was the first in Manitoba after a comprehensive electoral redistribution in 1956. The redistribution saw the city of Winnipeg abandon its three four-member districts. St. Boniface also was broken up into two single-member districts. The old Winnipeg,St. Boniface and two suburban districts were made into 20 single-member constituencies altogether, to give the City of Winnipeg increased representation in the legislature. Elections hereafter used FPTP.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [30, 30], "content_span": [31, 498]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076067-0002-0000", "contents": "1958 Manitoba general election\nAs well the other districts in the province had dropped the Alternative Voting system and simply used the plurality first past the post system from here on.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [30, 30], "content_span": [31, 187]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076067-0003-0000", "contents": "1958 Manitoba general election\nIt resulted in a minority victory for the Progressive Conservative Party under the leadership of Dufferin Roblin. Roblin's Tories won twenty-six seats, while Premier Douglas Campbell's Liberal-Progressives were reduced to second-place status with nineteen. The social democratic Co-operative Commonwealth Federation (CCF) held the balance of power with eleven seats, and independent Stephen Juba was also elected in Winnipeg. Both Social Credit and the Labour Progressive Party lost their legislative representation.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [30, 30], "content_span": [31, 547]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076067-0004-0000", "contents": "1958 Manitoba general election\nAfter the election, the Liberal-Progressives attempted to form a coalition with the CCF to remain in power. The CCF rejected this offer, and allowed Roblin's Tories to form government, ending 36 years of Progressive and Liberal-Progressive led governments in Manitoba. Although the Progressive Conservatives had been part of a coalition government with the Liberal-Progressives from 1940 to 1950, this was the first time since 1915 that they had formed an administration on their own.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [30, 30], "content_span": [31, 515]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076067-0005-0000", "contents": "1958 Manitoba general election\nThis minority parliament proved unstable, and Roblin's government was defeated in the legislature in early 1959. Manitobans returned to the polls shortly thereafter.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [30, 30], "content_span": [31, 196]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076068-0000-0000", "contents": "1958 Marquette Warriors football team\nThe 1958 Marquette Warriors football team was an American football team that represented Marquette University as an independent during the 1958 NCAA University Division football season. In its third and final season under head coach John F. Druze, the team compiled a 2\u20137\u20131 record and was outscored by a total of 257 to 107.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [37, 37], "content_span": [38, 362]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076068-0001-0000", "contents": "1958 Marquette Warriors football team\nThe team played its home games at Marquette Stadium (one game) and County Stadium (three games) in Milwaukee. Attendance at County Stadium dropped to a low of 4,053 for a November 15 game against Cincinnati.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [37, 37], "content_span": [38, 245]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076069-0000-0000", "contents": "1958 Mars Bluff B-47 nuclear weapon loss incident\nThe 1958 Mars Bluff B-47 nuclear weapon loss incident was the inadvertent release of a nuclear weapon from a United States Air Force B-47 bomber over Mars Bluff, South Carolina. The bomb, which lacked the fissile nuclear core, fell over the area, causing damage to buildings below. Though there was no nuclear detonation, six people were injured by the explosion of the bomb's conventional explosives. The Air Force was sued by the family of the victims, who received US$54,000, equivalent to $478,526 in 2019.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 49], "section_span": [49, 49], "content_span": [50, 560]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076069-0001-0000", "contents": "1958 Mars Bluff B-47 nuclear weapon loss incident, Description of incident\nOn March 11, 1958, a U.S. Air Force Boeing B-47E-LM Stratojet from Hunter Air Force Base operated by the 375th Bombardment Squadron of the 308th Bombardment Wing near Savannah, Georgia, took off at approximately 4:34 PM and was scheduled to fly to the United Kingdom and then to North Africa as part of Operation Snow Flurry. The aircraft was carrying nuclear weapons on board in the event of war with the Soviet Union breaking out.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 49], "section_span": [51, 74], "content_span": [75, 507]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076069-0001-0001", "contents": "1958 Mars Bluff B-47 nuclear weapon loss incident, Description of incident\nAir Force Captain Bruce Kulka, who was the navigator and bombardier, was summoned to the bomb bay area after the captain of the aircraft, Captain Earl Koehler, had encountered a fault light in the cockpit indicating that the bomb harness locking pin did not engage. As Kulka reached around the bomb to pull himself up, he mistakenly grabbed the emergency release pin. The Mark 6 nuclear bomb dropped to the bomb bay doors of the B-47 and the weight forced the doors open, sending the bomb 15,000\u00a0ft (4,600\u00a0m) down to the ground below.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 49], "section_span": [51, 74], "content_span": [75, 609]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076069-0002-0000", "contents": "1958 Mars Bluff B-47 nuclear weapon loss incident, Description of incident\nTwo sisters, six-year-old Helen and nine-year-old Frances Gregg, along with their nine-year-old cousin Ella Davies, were playing 200 yards (180\u00a0m) from a playhouse in the woods that had been built for them by their father Walter Gregg, who had served as a paratrooper during World War II. The playhouse was struck by the bomb. Its conventional high explosives detonated, destroying the playhouse, and leaving a crater about 70 feet (21\u00a0m) wide and 35 feet (11\u00a0m) deep. Fortunately, the fissile nuclear core was stored elsewhere on the aircraft.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 49], "section_span": [51, 74], "content_span": [75, 619]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076069-0002-0001", "contents": "1958 Mars Bluff B-47 nuclear weapon loss incident, Description of incident\nAll three girls were injured by the explosion, as were Walter, his wife Effie and son Walter Jr. Seven nearby buildings were damaged. The United States Air Force (USAF) was sued by the family of the victims, who received US$54,000, equivalent to $478,526 in 2019. The incident made domestic and international headlines.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 49], "section_span": [51, 74], "content_span": [75, 394]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076070-0000-0000", "contents": "1958 Marshall Thundering Herd football team\nThe 1958 Marshall Thundering Herd football team was an American football team that represented Marshall University in the Mid-American Conference (MAC) during the 1958 NCAA College Division football season. In its sixth season under head coach Herb Royer, the team compiled a 3\u20136 record (1\u20135 against conference opponents), finished in seventh place out of seven teams in the MAC, and was outscored by a total of 165 to 111. Vernon Howell and Sonny Sirianni were the team captains. The team played its home games at Fairfield Stadium in Huntington, West Virginia.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 43], "section_span": [43, 43], "content_span": [44, 606]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076071-0000-0000", "contents": "1958 Maryland Terrapins football team\nThe 1958 Maryland Terrapins football team represented the University of Maryland in the 1958 NCAA University Division football season as a member of the Atlantic Coast Conference. They were led by third-year head coach Tommy Mont, who guided Maryland to a 4\u20136 record. He resigned at the end of the season, and was replaced by Tom Nugent.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [37, 37], "content_span": [38, 375]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076071-0001-0000", "contents": "1958 Maryland Terrapins football team, Before the season\nThe Baltimore Sun predicted 1958 would prove to be Mont's first winning season because of increased depth, but also noted the difficulty of the schedule, which included six teams ranked in the Associated Press preseason poll. Mont rated Clemson and Auburn as the toughest opponents on the schedule.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [39, 56], "content_span": [57, 355]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076071-0002-0000", "contents": "1958 Maryland Terrapins football team, Season\nIn the season opener, Wake Forest snapped a 12-game losing streak and routed Maryland, 34\u20130, which \"about eliminated Maryland from consideration as a possible Atlantic Coast Conference champion.\"", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [39, 45], "content_span": [46, 241]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076071-0003-0000", "contents": "1958 Maryland Terrapins football team, Season\nMaryland rebounded to defeat the defending ACC champions, NC State, in Raleigh, 21\u20136. In the first quarter, a 73-yard Terrapins drive culminated with halfback John Forbes scoring on a four-yard rush. In the third quarter, quarterback Dickie Lewis connected with Forbes, who ran without his left shoe, into the end zone for a 71-yard touchdown. In the fourth quarter, Forbes recovered an NC State fumble on the opposing 25-yard line, which set up the third Maryland score. In the final period, Wolfpack back Randy Harrell intercepted a Maryland pass on the Terrapins' 41-yard line, and on the ensuing possession, caught a 15-yard pass from Gerald Mancini for State's lone score.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [39, 45], "content_span": [46, 723]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076071-0004-0000", "contents": "1958 Maryland Terrapins football team, Season\nThe following week, tenth-ranked Clemson beat Maryland, 8\u20130. The Terrapins' first-team defense stood fast on their own four-yard line, but the second team was substituted into the game and forced to punt. On the first play of Clemson's subsequent possession, quarterback Harvey White threw a 30-yard pass to end Wyatt Cox, who then beat two Maryland pursuers and ran twenty yards for a touchdown.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [39, 45], "content_span": [46, 442]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076071-0005-0000", "contents": "1958 Maryland Terrapins football team, Season\nTexas A&M, running its single-wing offense, defeated Maryland, 14\u201310. Early in an 88-yard Texas A&M drive, Maryland's Tony Scotti recovered a fumble on the Aggie 30-yard line, but it was overturned on an offsides call. Quarterback Charlie Milstead took over, and capped the drive with a three-yard keeper into the end zone. In the fourth quarter, Maryland repeatedly entered Texas A&M territory, only to give up a fumble and an interception.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [39, 45], "content_span": [46, 487]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076071-0006-0000", "contents": "1958 Maryland Terrapins football team, Season\nNorth Carolina's stout defense \"bottled up\" Maryland, and its offense scored on several sustained drives. The Tar Heels scored on their first possession with a 60-yard drive. In the second quarter, Tar Heels quarterback Jack Cummings led an 80-yard scoring drive. Later in the period, Carolina end Al Goldstein picked off a pass by Bob Rusevlyan and ran 46-yards for a touchdown. In the final quarter, Carolina scored again on a 70-yard drive for a final result of 27\u20130.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [39, 45], "content_span": [46, 516]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076071-0007-0000", "contents": "1958 Maryland Terrapins football team, Season\nFifth-ranked Auburn handed Maryland its fourth straight loss, 20\u20137, and extended its own undefeated streak to nineteen games. Auburn scored first to take a 6\u20130 lead, but Maryland quarterback Rusevlyan connected with end Ben Scotti for a 68-yard touchdown pass in the third quarter. With the extra point, Maryland went up 7\u20136, which was the first time Auburn trailed an opponent since the previous season's game against Mississippi State. After the ensuing kickoff, Auburn scored in the span of two plays, but failed on the point after kick. At the end of the third period, a pass from Rusevlyan was intercepted by back Tommy Lorino, which put Auburn in position for their final score.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [39, 45], "content_span": [46, 730]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076071-0008-0000", "contents": "1958 Maryland Terrapins football team, Season\nMaryland snapped its losing streak with an upset against South Carolina, 10\u20136. The following week, however, Navy routed Maryland, 40\u201314. Fullback Joe Matalavage compiled 102\u2013rushing yards more than the entire Maryland team.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [39, 45], "content_span": [46, 269]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076071-0009-0000", "contents": "1958 Maryland Terrapins football team, Season\nMaryland beat an injury-riddled Miami, 26\u201314. The Miami News wrote, \"This MD\u2014home of University of Maryland\u2014produced some mad, unlicensed surgeons, some butchers in the middle of the line, notably guards Rod Breedlove and Tom Gunderman, who chopped up the Hurricanes.\" Maryland quarterback Dick Scarbath led the team and back John Forbes scored three touchdowns.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [39, 45], "content_span": [46, 408]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076071-0010-0000", "contents": "1958 Maryland Terrapins football team, Season\nIn the finale, Maryland routed Virginia, 44\u20136. The Terrapins set a conference record with 350\u00a0passing yards, and tied the records for pass attempts with 40, and completions with 18. Guard Rod Breedlove also intercepted two Virginia passes, both of which set up Maryland touchdowns.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [39, 45], "content_span": [46, 327]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076071-0011-0000", "contents": "1958 Maryland Terrapins football team, After the season\nMont resigned at the conclusion of the 4\u20136 season. St. Petersburg Times wrote the resignation \"had all the earmarks of having been forced\", coming just a day after the Board of Regents concluded its discussions on whether to extend his expiring contract. He said, \"I'll never apologize for the performance of my Maryland teams.\" Mont compiled an 11\u201318\u20131 record during his tenure.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [39, 55], "content_span": [56, 435]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076071-0012-0000", "contents": "1958 Maryland Terrapins football team, After the season\nNC State head coach Earle Edwards, Oklahoma line coach Gomer Jones, and Maryland assistant Jack Hennemier were considered to be candidates for the vacant head coaching position. In January 1959, Maryland hired Florida State head coach Tom Nugent, an innovator of the I formation.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [39, 55], "content_span": [56, 335]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076072-0000-0000", "contents": "1958 Maryland gubernatorial election\nThe 1958 Maryland gubernatorial election was held on November 4, 1958. Democratic nominee J. Millard Tawes defeated Republican nominee James Devereux with 63.55% of the vote.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [36, 36], "content_span": [37, 211]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076073-0000-0000", "contents": "1958 Massachusetts elections\nA Massachusetts general election was held on November 4, 1958 in the Commonwealth of Massachusetts.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [28, 28], "content_span": [29, 128]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076073-0001-0000", "contents": "1958 Massachusetts elections\nDemocratic and Republican candidates were selected in party primaries held on September 9, 1958.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [28, 28], "content_span": [29, 125]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076073-0002-0000", "contents": "1958 Massachusetts elections, Statewide elections, United States Senator\nDemocrat John F. Kennedy was re-elected over Republican Vincent J. Celeste, Socialist Labor candidate Lawrence Gilfedder, and Prohibition candidate Mark R. Shaw.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 72], "content_span": [73, 234]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076073-0003-0000", "contents": "1958 Massachusetts elections, Statewide elections, Governor\nDemocrat Foster Furcolo was re-elected over Republican Charles Gibbons, Socialist Labor candidate Henning A. Blomen, and Prohibition candidate Guy S. Williams.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 59], "content_span": [60, 219]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076073-0004-0000", "contents": "1958 Massachusetts elections, Statewide elections, Governor\nGeorge Fingold was the only candidate in the Republican primary, however he died nine days before the primary. Gibbons won the nomination as a write-in candidate.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 59], "content_span": [60, 222]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076073-0005-0000", "contents": "1958 Massachusetts elections, Statewide elections, Lieutenant Governor\nDemocrat Robert F. Murphy was re-elected Lieutenant Governor over Republican Elmer C. Nelson, Socialist Labor candidate Francis A. Votano, and Prohibition candidate Harold E. Bassett.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 70], "content_span": [71, 254]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076073-0006-0000", "contents": "1958 Massachusetts elections, Statewide elections, Attorney General\nIncumbent Attorney General George Fingold ran for Governor instead of seeking reelection. He died on August 31, 1958 and Edward J. McCormack Jr., who won the Democratic primary over Endicott Peabody, was chosen by the Massachusetts General Court to finish his term.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 67], "content_span": [68, 333]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076073-0007-0000", "contents": "1958 Massachusetts elections, Statewide elections, Attorney General\nMcCormack defeated Republican Christian A. Herter Jr., Socialist Workers candidate Charles A. Couper, and Prohibition candidate Gustaf B. Nissan in the general election.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 67], "content_span": [68, 237]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076073-0008-0000", "contents": "1958 Massachusetts elections, Statewide elections, Secretary of the Commonwealth\nIncumbent Secretary of the Commonwealth Edward J. Cronin defeated Republican Marion Curran Boch, Socialist Labor candidate Fred M. Ingersoll, and Prohibition candidate Julia Kohler in the general election.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 80], "content_span": [81, 286]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076073-0009-0000", "contents": "1958 Massachusetts elections, Statewide elections, Treasurer and Receiver-General\nIncumbent Treasurer and Receiver-General John Francis Kennedy defeated Woburn Mayor William G. Shaughnessy in the Democratic primary and Republican State Senator John Yerxa, Socialist Labor candidate John Erlandsson, and Prohibition candidate Warren Carberg in the general election.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 81], "content_span": [82, 364]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076073-0010-0000", "contents": "1958 Massachusetts elections, Statewide elections, Auditor\nIncumbent Auditor Thomas J. Buckley defeated Republican Thomas H. Adams, Socialist Labor candidate Arne Sortell, and Prohibition candidate John B. Lauder in the general election.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 58], "content_span": [59, 237]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076074-0000-0000", "contents": "1958 Massachusetts gubernatorial election\nThe 1958 Massachusetts gubernatorial election was held on November 4, 1958. Democrat Foster Furcolo was elected Governor of Massachusetts for a second term, defeating Republican Charles Gibbons, Socialist Labor candidate Henning A. Blomen, and Prohibition candidate Guy S. Williams.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 41], "section_span": [41, 41], "content_span": [42, 324]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076074-0001-0000", "contents": "1958 Massachusetts gubernatorial election\nIn the race for lieutenant governor, Democrat Robert F. Murphy, defeated Republican Elmer C. Nelson, Prohibition candidate Harold E. Bassett, and Socialist Labor candidate Francis A. Votano.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 41], "section_span": [41, 41], "content_span": [42, 232]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076074-0002-0000", "contents": "1958 Massachusetts gubernatorial election, Republican primary, Governor, Campaign\nAttorney General George Fingold was unopposed in the Republican primary.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 41], "section_span": [43, 81], "content_span": [82, 154]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076074-0003-0000", "contents": "1958 Massachusetts gubernatorial election, Republican primary, Governor, Campaign\nOn August 31, 1958, Fingold died unexpectedly at his home in Concord, Massachusetts. As his death occurred only nine days before the primary, Fingold was the only candidate for Governor on the Republican ballot. Former Speaker of the Massachusetts House of Representatives Charles Gibbons, former State Public Works Commissioner John A. Volpe, and Assistant Attorney General Joseph P. McKay ran as write-in candidates.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 41], "section_span": [43, 81], "content_span": [82, 500]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076075-0000-0000", "contents": "1958 Masters Tournament\nThe 1958 Masters Tournament was the 22nd Masters Tournament, held April 3\u20136 at Augusta National Golf Club in Augusta, Georgia. Arnold Palmer won the first of his four Masters titles, one stroke ahead of runners-up Doug Ford and Fred Hawkins. It was the first of his seven major titles.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [23, 23], "content_span": [24, 309]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076075-0001-0000", "contents": "1958 Masters Tournament\nPalmer, age 28, was the third round co-leader and eagled the 13th hole on Sunday to propel him to victory, as he three-putted on the final green. Three-time champion Sam Snead, age 45, was the other co-leader after 54 holes, but shot a 79 (+7) on Sunday to fall to 13th place. One stroke back entering the final round was 1955 champion Cary Middlecoff, who carded a 75 in the final round and tied for 6th.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [23, 23], "content_span": [24, 429]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076075-0002-0000", "contents": "1958 Masters Tournament\nPalmer's first Masters victory was not without some controversy. On the 12th hole of the final round, Palmer thought his tee ball was embedded behind the green but the on-site rules official would not give him relief. Playing that ball as it lay, Palmer made a double-bogey. Upset over the questionable ruling and the double-bogey, Palmer then played a second ball from behind the green and, after taking relief, made a par. Several holes later word came from the tournament officials that Palmer was entitled to relief and his par score on 12 would stand.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [23, 23], "content_span": [24, 580]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076075-0003-0000", "contents": "1958 Masters Tournament\nPrior to the tournament, two stone arch bridges crossing Rae's Creek were dedicated, honoring two-time champions Ben Hogan and Byron Nelson. Hogan's is at the par-3 12th hole, and commemorated his record 72-hole score in 1953, his second win at Augusta and first of three consecutive majors that year. The other bridge departs the 13th tee; Nelson went birdie-eagle at these two holes in the final round in 1937, gained six strokes on the leader, and won the first of his five majors.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [23, 23], "content_span": [24, 508]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076075-0004-0000", "contents": "1958 Masters Tournament\nSports Illustrated writer Herbert Warren Wind first used the term \"Amen Corner\" in a story to describe where the critical final day's action had occurred.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [23, 23], "content_span": [24, 178]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076075-0005-0000", "contents": "1958 Masters Tournament\nThis was the first major to have a five-figure winner's share; six figures arrived at the 1983 PGA Championship and seven at the 2001 Masters.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [23, 23], "content_span": [24, 166]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076075-0006-0000", "contents": "1958 Masters Tournament, Field\nJack Burke Jr. (4,8,11), Jimmy Demaret (8,9), Doug Ford (4,8,11), Claude Harmon (10), Ben Hogan (2,3,4), Herman Keiser, Cary Middlecoff (2,9), Byron Nelson (2,4,8), Henry Picard (4), Gene Sarazen (2,3,4), Horton Smith, Sam Snead (3,4,8,9), Craig Wood (2)", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 30], "content_span": [31, 285]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076075-0007-0000", "contents": "1958 Masters Tournament, Field\nJulius Boros (9), Billy Burke, Jack Fleck, Ed Furgol (8,11), Tony Manero, Lloyd Mangrum, Dick Mayer (9,10,11), Fred McLeod, Sam Parks Jr., Lew Worsham", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 30], "content_span": [31, 181]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076075-0008-0000", "contents": "1958 Masters Tournament, Field\nWalter Burkemo (9,10), Vic Ghezzi, Chick Harbert (9), Chandler Harper, Lionel Hebert (10,11), Johnny Revolta, Paul Runyan, Jim Turnesa", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 30], "content_span": [31, 165]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076075-0009-0000", "contents": "1958 Masters Tournament, Field\nDick Chapman (7,a), Charles Coe (a), Hillman Robbins (7,a), Harvie Ward (8,a)", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 30], "content_span": [31, 108]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076075-0010-0000", "contents": "1958 Masters Tournament, Field\nRex Baxter (7,a), Arnold Blum (a), Joe Campbell (a), William C. Campbell (a), Bill Hyndman (9,a), Chuck Kocsis (a), Dale Morey (a), Billy Joe Patton (9,a), Mason Rudolph (7,a), Bud Taylor (7,8,a)", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 30], "content_span": [31, 226]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076075-0011-0000", "contents": "1958 Masters Tournament, Field\nBilly Casper, Mike Fetchick (9), Dow Finsterwald (9,10,11), Marty Furgol, Fred Hawkins (9,11), Jay Hebert (10), Al Mengert, Arnold Palmer, Henry Ransom, Ken Venturi (9)", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 30], "content_span": [31, 199]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076075-0012-0000", "contents": "1958 Masters Tournament, Field\nAl Balding (8), Bob Charles (a), Bruce Crampton (8), Henri de Lamaze (a), Roberto De Vicenzo (9), Stan Leonard (8), Torakichi Nakamura, Koichi Ono, Frank Phillips, Gary Player (8), Peter Thomson (3,8), Flory Van Donck, Norman Von Nida, Nick Weslock (a)", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 30], "content_span": [31, 283]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076076-0000-0000", "contents": "1958 Mauritanian constitutional referendum\nA referendum on the new constitution of France was held in Mauritania on 28 September 1958 as part of a wider referendum held across the French Union. The new constitution would see the country become part of the new French Community if accepted, or result in independence if rejected. It was approved by 94.04% of voters.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 42], "section_span": [42, 42], "content_span": [43, 365]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076077-0000-0000", "contents": "1958 Meath Intermediate Football Championship\nThe 1958 Meath Intermediate Football Championship is the 32nd edition of the Meath GAA's premier club Gaelic football tournament for intermediate graded teams in County Meath, Ireland. The tournament consists of 10 teams. The championship format consists of a group stage before progressing to a knock-out stage.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 45], "section_span": [45, 45], "content_span": [46, 358]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076077-0001-0000", "contents": "1958 Meath Intermediate Football Championship\nThis was the first year that the Junior 'B' (or Division II) Championship was implemented.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 45], "section_span": [45, 45], "content_span": [46, 136]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076077-0002-0000", "contents": "1958 Meath Intermediate Football Championship\nAt the end of the season Kilberry, Ratoath and Summerhill applied to be regraded to the 1959 J.A.F.C.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 45], "section_span": [45, 45], "content_span": [46, 147]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076077-0003-0000", "contents": "1958 Meath Intermediate Football Championship\nOn 2 November 1958, St. Mary's Bettystown claimed their 1st Intermediate championship title when they defeated Fordstown 3-5 to 2-4 in the final at Pairc Tailteann.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 45], "section_span": [45, 45], "content_span": [46, 210]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076077-0004-0000", "contents": "1958 Meath Intermediate Football Championship, Team changes\nThe following teams have changed division since the 1957 championship season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 45], "section_span": [47, 59], "content_span": [60, 137]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076077-0005-0000", "contents": "1958 Meath Intermediate Football Championship, Group stage\nThere are 2 groups called Group A and B. The top finisher in each group will qualify for the Final. Many results were unavailable in the Meath Chronicle.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 45], "section_span": [47, 58], "content_span": [59, 212]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076078-0000-0000", "contents": "1958 Meath Senior Football Championship\nThe 1958 Meath Senior Football Championship is the 66th edition of the Meath GAA's premier club Gaelic football tournament for senior graded teams in County Meath, Ireland. The tournament consists of 10 teams. The championship reverted to the group and knock-out format after a straight knock-out basis was trialed in 1957.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [39, 39], "content_span": [40, 363]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076078-0001-0000", "contents": "1958 Meath Senior Football Championship\nThis season saw Carnaross return to the top flight after claiming the 1957 Meath Intermediate Football Championship title.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [39, 39], "content_span": [40, 162]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076078-0002-0000", "contents": "1958 Meath Senior Football Championship\nNavan O'Mahonys were the defending champions after they defeated Skryne in the previous years final, and they successfully defended their crown to claim their 3rd S.F.C. title (2-in-a-row) by defeating Skryne again in the final replay at Kells by 2-6 to 1-2 on 7 December 1958. Willie McGurk raised the Keegan Cup for the Hoops.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [39, 39], "content_span": [40, 368]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076078-0003-0000", "contents": "1958 Meath Senior Football Championship\nAt the end of the season no club was regraded.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [39, 39], "content_span": [40, 86]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076078-0004-0000", "contents": "1958 Meath Senior Football Championship, Team Changes\nThe following teams have changed division since the 1957 championship season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 53], "content_span": [54, 131]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076079-0000-0000", "contents": "1958 Meistaradeildin, Overview\nIt was contested by 5 teams, and K\u00cd Klaksv\u00edk won the championship.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [22, 30], "content_span": [31, 97]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076080-0000-0000", "contents": "1958 Melbourne Carnival\nThe 1958 Melbourne Carnival was the 14th edition of the Australian National Football Carnival, an Australian rules football interstate competition. It was the last carnival to be hosted by the state of Victoria and was also known as the Centenary Carnival as it celebrated 100 years since the creation of the sport.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [23, 23], "content_span": [24, 339]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076080-0001-0000", "contents": "1958 Melbourne Carnival\nFor the first time since the 1950 Brisbane Carnival, all nine eligible teams in both Section 1 and Section 2 competed at the carnival. Section 1 consisted of two Victorian teams from the (VFL and VFA), South Australia, Western Australia and Tasmania; Section 2 consisted of New South Wales, Canberra, Queensland and the Australian Amateurs. In 1953 and 1956, only the Section 1 teams had travelled for the carnival, but the ANFC decided to bring all nine teams to mark the centenary celebration.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [23, 23], "content_span": [24, 519]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076080-0002-0000", "contents": "1958 Melbourne Carnival\nPrior to the carnival, the ANFC announced that Section 1 was to be reduced from five teams to four teams for the following carnival (held Brisbane in 1961); the team which finished last in Section 1 was to be relegated to Section 2 for 1961.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [23, 23], "content_span": [24, 265]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076080-0003-0000", "contents": "1958 Melbourne Carnival\nThe Carnival was held between 2 July and 12 July. Day matches were held at the Melbourne Cricket Ground, and night matches were held at the South Melbourne Cricket Ground. Overall, the ANFC made a loss of more than \u00a311,000 on the carnival, similar in magnitude to the loss made on the previous nine-team carnival in 1950.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [23, 23], "content_span": [24, 345]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076080-0004-0000", "contents": "1958 Melbourne Carnival, Results\nIn Section 1, the Victoria (VFL) was the only undefeated team; forward John Dugdale was the carnival's leading goalkicker with 18. Western Australia and Tasmania each finished with records of 2\u20132; it was the most successful carnival result in Tasmania's history, with wins against both South Australia and Western Australia. Last place was decided in the match on 11 July, when South Australia's large win over the VFA saw the clubs equal on 1\u20133, and saw South Australia overtake the VFA on percentage.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 32], "content_span": [33, 535]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076080-0005-0000", "contents": "1958 Melbourne Carnival, Results\nIn Section 2, the Australian Amateurs were undefeated. Canberra, which had contested the carnivals since 1933, recorded its first and second carnival wins of all-time. New South Wales was the only winless team for the carnival.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 32], "content_span": [33, 260]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076080-0006-0000", "contents": "1958 Melbourne Carnival, Results\nCR: indicates that this match was a curtain-raiser; the crowd figure given is for the main match.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 32], "content_span": [33, 130]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076080-0007-0000", "contents": "1958 Melbourne Carnival, All-Australian team\nIn 1958 the All-Australian team was picked based on the Melbourne Carnival.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 44], "content_span": [45, 120]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076080-0008-0000", "contents": "1958 Melbourne Carnival, Tassie Medal\nBoth Allen Aylett and Ted Whitten polled seven votes but Aylett was awarded the medal after a countback. Whitten was declared joint winner retrospectively in 1995.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 37], "content_span": [38, 201]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076081-0000-0000", "contents": "1958 Melbourne Grand Prix\nThe 1958 Melbourne Grand Prix was a motor race for Formula Libre Racing Cars and Sports Cars by invitation. The race was staged at the Albert Park Circuit in Victoria, Australia on 30 November 1958 over 32 laps, a distance of 100 miles (161\u00a0km). It was race 8 of 9 in the 1958 Australian Drivers' Championship.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [25, 25], "content_span": [26, 336]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076081-0001-0000", "contents": "1958 Melbourne Grand Prix\nThe race was won by Stirling Moss driving a Cooper T45 for RRC Walker.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [25, 25], "content_span": [26, 96]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076082-0000-0000", "contents": "1958 Memorial Cup\nThe 1958 Memorial Cup final was the 40th junior ice hockey championship of the Canadian Amateur Hockey Association. The George Richardson Memorial Trophy champions Ottawa-Hull Junior Canadiens an independent team in Eastern Canada competed against the Abbott Cup champions Regina Pats of the Saskatchewan Junior Hockey League in Western Canada. In a best-of-seven series, held at the Ottawa Auditorium in Ottawa, Ontario and at Hull Arena in Hull, Quebec, Ottawa-Hull won their 1st Memorial Cup, defeating Regina 4 games to 2.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [17, 17], "content_span": [18, 544]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076082-0001-0000", "contents": "1958 Memorial Cup, Winning roster\nJon Annable, Ralph Backstrom, Jacques Begin, Bob Boucher, Bill Carter, Claude Cyr, Dick Dawson, Claude Fournel, Bruce Gamble, Terry Gray, John Longarini, Nick Murray, Bob Olajos, Claude Richard, Bobby Rousseau, Claude Ruel, Andre Tardif, Gilles Tremblay, J. C. Tremblay, Harold White. Coach: Scotty Bowman", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 33], "content_span": [34, 339]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076083-0000-0000", "contents": "1958 Memphis State Tigers football team\nThe 1958 Memphis State Tigers football team was an American football team that represented Memphis State University (now known as the University of Memphis) as an independent during the 1958 NCAA College Division football season. In their first season under head coach Billy J. Murphy, Memphis State compiled a 4\u20135 record.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [39, 39], "content_span": [40, 362]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076084-0000-0000", "contents": "1958 Men's British Open Squash Championship\nThe 1958 Open Championship was held at the Lansdowne Club in London from 27 March - 31 March. Hashim Khan won his seventh title to extend his record and in the final he defeated his brother Azam Khan once again.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 43], "section_span": [43, 43], "content_span": [44, 255]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076085-0000-0000", "contents": "1958 Men's European Volleyball Championship\nThe 1958 Men's European Volleyball Championship was the fifth edition of the event, organized by Europe's governing volleyball body, the Conf\u00e9d\u00e9ration Europ\u00e9enne de Volleyball. It was hosted in Prague, Czechoslovakia from August 30 to September 11, 1958.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 43], "section_span": [43, 43], "content_span": [44, 298]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076086-0000-0000", "contents": "1958 Men's South American Volleyball Championship\nThe 1958 Men's South American Volleyball Championship, the 3rd tournament, took place in 1958 in Porto Alegre (\u00a0Brazil).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 49], "section_span": [49, 49], "content_span": [50, 170]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076087-0000-0000", "contents": "1958 Merdeka Tournament\nThe 1958 Merdeka Tournament was the second edition of the annual tournament hosted by Malaya. It took place from August 30 to September 4 with five participating nations.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [23, 23], "content_span": [24, 194]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076088-0000-0000", "contents": "1958 Mestaruussarja\nThe 1958 season was the twenty-eighth completed season of Finnish Football League Championship, known as the Mestaruussarja.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [19, 19], "content_span": [20, 144]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076088-0001-0000", "contents": "1958 Mestaruussarja, Overview\nThe Mestaruussarja was administered by the Finnish Football Association and the competition's 1958 season was contested by 10 teams.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [21, 29], "content_span": [30, 162]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076088-0002-0000", "contents": "1958 Mestaruussarja, Overview\nAfter the series had been completed, KuPS Kuopio and HPS Helsinki were tied with each having 26 points. These two teams then faced each other in a match that decided the championship. KuPS won the match and the championship 1\u20130 after extra time and earned a place in the 1959\u201360 European Cup preliminary round (although they subsequently withdrew).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [21, 29], "content_span": [30, 378]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076088-0003-0000", "contents": "1958 Mestaruussarja, Overview\nVPS Vaasa and KTP Kotka, were relegated to the Suomensarja on the basis of the final table, while the third team to be relegated was decided in a replay between Haka Valkeakoski and IKissat Tampere Haka won 4\u20131 and remained in the Mestaruussarja, while IKissat was relegated.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [21, 29], "content_span": [30, 305]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076089-0000-0000", "contents": "1958 Mexican general election\nGeneral elections were held in Mexico on 6 July 1958. The presidential elections were won by Adolfo L\u00f3pez Mateos, who received 90.4% of the vote. In the Chamber of Deputies election, the Institutional Revolutionary Party won 153 of the 162 seats. These were the first Mexican presidential elections in which women were allowed to vote.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [29, 29], "content_span": [30, 365]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076089-0001-0000", "contents": "1958 Mexican general election, Campaign\nDuring a campaign stop at the municipality of Jalpa, the presidential candidate of the PAN, Luis H. \u00c1lvarez, was arrested and imprisoned for a couple of hours; according to \u00c1lvarez, the charge that was brought against him was \"being a member of the opposition\".", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 39], "content_span": [40, 301]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076090-0000-0000", "contents": "1958 Miami Hurricanes football team\nThe 1958 Miami Hurricanes football team represented the University of Miami as an independent during the 1958 NCAA University Division football season. Led by 11th-year head coach Andy Gustafson, the Hurricanes played their home games at Burdine Stadium in Miami, Florida. Miami finished the season 2\u20138.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [35, 35], "content_span": [36, 339]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076091-0000-0000", "contents": "1958 Miami Redskins football team\nThe 1958 Miami Redskins football team was an American football team that represented Miami University in the Mid-American Conference (MAC) during the 1958 NCAA University Division football season. In its third season under head coach John Pont, Miami compiled a 6\u20133 record (5\u20130 against MAC opponents), won the MAC championship, shut out three opponents, and outscored all opponents by a combined total of 193 to 96.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [33, 33], "content_span": [34, 449]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076091-0001-0000", "contents": "1958 Miami Redskins football team\nJohn Drew was the team captain. The team's statistical leaders included Harold Williams with 566 rushing yards, Nick Mourouzis with 191 passing yards and Dave Girbert with 65 receiving yards.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [33, 33], "content_span": [34, 225]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076092-0000-0000", "contents": "1958 Michigan State Spartans football team\nThe 1958 Michigan State Spartans football team represented Michigan State University in the 1958 Big Ten Conference football season. In their fifth season under head coach Duffy Daugherty, the Spartans compiled a 3\u20135\u20131 overall record (0\u20135\u20131 against Big Ten opponents) and finished in last place in the Big Ten Conference.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 42], "section_span": [42, 42], "content_span": [43, 364]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076092-0001-0000", "contents": "1958 Michigan State Spartans football team\nTwo Spartans were selected as first-team players on the 1958 All-Big Ten Conference football team: end Sam Williams (AP-2, UPI-1) and guard Ellison Kelly (UPI-1). Halfback Dean Look was selected for the second team. Williams was also selected as a consensus first-team player on the 1958 College Football All-America Team.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 42], "section_span": [42, 42], "content_span": [43, 365]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076092-0002-0000", "contents": "1958 Michigan State Spartans football team\nThe 1958 Spartans lost the annual Indiana\u2013Michigan State football rivalry game by a 6 to 0 score and played to a 12 to 12 tie in the annual Michigan\u2013Michigan State football rivalry game.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 42], "section_span": [42, 42], "content_span": [43, 229]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076092-0003-0000", "contents": "1958 Michigan State Spartans football team\nIn non-conference play, the Spartans won all three games, defeating California, 32-12, Pitt, 22-8, and Kansas State, 26-7.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 42], "section_span": [42, 42], "content_span": [43, 165]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076093-0000-0000", "contents": "1958 Michigan Wolverines football team\nThe 1958 Michigan Wolverines football team represented the University of Michigan in the 1958 Big Ten Conference football season. In its 11th and final year under head coach Bennie Oosterbaan, Michigan compiled a 2\u20136\u20131 record (1\u20135\u20131 against conference opponents), finished in eighth place in the Big Ten, and were outscored by opponents by a combined total of 211 to 132.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [38, 38], "content_span": [39, 410]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076093-0001-0000", "contents": "1958 Michigan Wolverines football team\nThe team got off to a promising start with a 20\u201319 victory over USC and a 12\u201312 tie with a Michigan State team that was ranked No. 2 in the Coaches Poll. After two games, Michigan was ranked No. 12 in the Coaches Poll. The team then lost six of its final seven games. Bennie Oosterbaan resigned after the 1958 season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [38, 38], "content_span": [39, 356]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076093-0002-0000", "contents": "1958 Michigan Wolverines football team\nFullback John Herrnstein was the team captain, and quarterback Bob Ptacek received the team's most valuable player award. The team's statistical leaders included Bob Ptacek with 763 passing yards, left halfback Darrell Harper with 309 rushing yards, and left end Gary Prahst with 313 receiving yards.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [38, 38], "content_span": [39, 339]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076093-0003-0000", "contents": "1958 Michigan Wolverines football team, Statistical leaders\nMichigan's individual statistical leaders for the 1958 season include those listed below.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 59], "content_span": [60, 149]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076093-0004-0000", "contents": "1958 Michigan Wolverines football team, Personnel, Letter winners\nThe following 40 players received varsity letters for their participation on the 1958 team. Players who started at least four games are shown with their names in bold.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 65], "content_span": [66, 233]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076093-0005-0000", "contents": "1958 Michigan Wolverines football team, Awards and honors\nTeam honors and awards for the 1958 season went to the following individuals.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 57], "content_span": [58, 135]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076094-0000-0000", "contents": "1958 Michigan gubernatorial election\nThe 1958 Michigan gubernatorial election was held on November 4, 1958. Incumbent Democrat G. Mennen Williams defeated Republican nominee Paul Douglas Bagwell with 53% of the vote.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [36, 36], "content_span": [37, 216]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076095-0000-0000", "contents": "1958 Milan\u2013San Remo\nThe 1958 Milan\u2013San Remo was the 49th edition of the Milan\u2013San Remo cycle race and was held on 19 March 1958. The race started in Milan and finished in San Remo. The race was won by Rik Van Looy.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [19, 19], "content_span": [20, 214]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076096-0000-0000", "contents": "1958 Miles\n1958 Miles is a compilation album by American jazz musician Miles Davis, released in 1974 on CBS/Sony. Recording sessions for tracks that appear on the album took place on May 26, 1958, at Columbia's 30th Street Studio and September 9, 1958, at the Plaza Hotel in New York City. 1958 Miles consists of three songs featured on side two of the LP album Jazz Track, which was released in November 1959, one song from the same session not appearing in the album (\"Love for Sale\"), and three recordings from Davis' live performance at the Plaza Hotel with his ensemble sextet. The recording date at 30th Street Studio served as the first documented session to feature pianist Bill Evans performing in Davis' group.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 10], "section_span": [10, 10], "content_span": [11, 720]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076096-0001-0000", "contents": "1958 Miles\nThe sessions for tracks on the album in mid-1958, along with the Milestones sessions from earlier that year, were seen by many music writers as elemental in Miles Davis' transition from bebop to the modal style of jazz and were viewed as precursors to his best-known work, Kind of Blue. Following audio engineering and digital restoration by engineer Larry Keyes at Sony Music New York Studio, the album was reissued on compact disc in 1991 as part of Columbia's Jazz Masterpieces Series.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 10], "section_span": [10, 10], "content_span": [11, 499]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076096-0001-0001", "contents": "1958 Miles\nFor later reissues, the album was retitled as '58 Sessions Featuring Stella by Starlight or '58 Miles Featuring Stella by Starlight. The complete 1958 sessions for Columbia were issued on the box set The Complete Columbia Recordings of Miles Davis with John Coltrane, and Jazz at the Plaza was reissued in 2001. The first four tracks were also released on a bonus disc of the 50 Anniversary Collector's Edition of Kind of Blue.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 10], "section_span": [10, 10], "content_span": [11, 438]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076096-0002-0000", "contents": "1958 Miles, Background\nDavis on using modes rather than chord progressions as a harmonic framework, in The Jazz Review, 1958", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 10], "section_span": [12, 22], "content_span": [23, 124]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076096-0003-0000", "contents": "1958 Miles, Background\nIn 1958, Miles Davis was one of many jazz musicians growing dissatisfied with bebop, seeing its increasingly complex chord changes as hindering musical creativity. Five years earlier, jazz pianist, composer and theorist George Russell published his Lydian Chromatic Concept of Tonal Organization (1953), which offered an alternative to the practice of musical improvisation based on chords. Abandoning the traditional major and minor key relationships of classical music, Russell developed a new formulation using musical scales, or a series of scales, for improvisations. Russell's approach to improvisation came to be known as modal in jazz. Davis viewed Russell's methods of composition as a means of getting away from the dense chord-laden compositions of his time, which Davis had labeled as \"thick.\"", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 10], "section_span": [12, 22], "content_span": [23, 828]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076096-0004-0000", "contents": "1958 Miles, Background\nIn contrast to the conventional method of composing during the time, modal compositions were to be written as a series of sketches in which each performer is given a set of scales that defines the parameters of their improvisation. Modal composition, with its reliance on musical scales and modes, represented, as Davis called it, \"a return to melody.\" According to Davis, \"Classical composers\u2014some of them\u2014have been writing this way for years, but jazz musicians seldom have\".", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 10], "section_span": [12, 22], "content_span": [23, 500]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076096-0004-0001", "contents": "1958 Miles, Background\nIn early 1958, Davis began using this approach with his sextet, a jazz ensemble made up of alto sax player Julian \"Cannonball\" Adderley, tenor saxophonist John Coltrane, pianist Red Garland, bassist Paul Chambers, and drummer Philly Joe Jones. Influenced by Russell's ideas, Davis implemented his first modal composition with the title track of Milestones (1958), which was based on two modes, recorded in April of that year. Instead of soloing in the straight, conventional, melodic way, Davis's new style of improvisation featured rapid mode and scale changes played against sparse chord changes. Davis' acclaimed collaboration with Gil Evans on Porgy and Bess gave him an opportunity to experiment with Russell's concept, as Evans' third stream compositions for Davis contained only a musical scale and no chords, the basis for modality.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 10], "section_span": [12, 22], "content_span": [23, 863]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076096-0005-0000", "contents": "1958 Miles, Background, The sextet\nFollowing the Milestones sessions, Davis made significant personnel changes. By the time Coltrane had returned from Thelonious Monk's quartet to Davis's sextet, pianist Red Garland and drummer Philly Joe Jones were replaced by Bill Evans and Jimmy Cobb. Problems with money, tardiness, attitude and heroin preceding the Milestones sessions troubled Garland and Jones. During one of these sessions, an incident occurred between Davis and Garland when he was playing piano on the song \"Sid's Ahead\". Apparently, Davis leaned over his pianist's shoulder, commenting on his piano playing. What was said by Davis is still unknown, but it was enough to make Garland leave the studio, leaving Davis to play piano on the track and straining the friendship between the two musicians.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 10], "section_span": [12, 34], "content_span": [35, 809]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076096-0006-0000", "contents": "1958 Miles, Background, The sextet\nEvans was subsequently hired by Davis for his rich precision and ability to understate the piano's solo voice. While Davis was fascinated and taken with the new sound Evans brought and the challenges it inspired, the remainder of the band, including Julian \"Cannonball\" Adderley, preferred Garland's harder, more rhythmic sound. In a 1960 column for Down Beat, Adderley elaborated on his initial reaction to the change, stating \"Especially when he started to use Bill Evans, Miles changed his style from very hard to a softer approach.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 10], "section_span": [12, 34], "content_span": [35, 570]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076096-0006-0001", "contents": "1958 Miles, Background, The sextet\nBill was brilliant in other areas, but he couldn't make the real things come off.\" Despite his preference for a harder piano style, Adderley opened up to the new sound. He later used Bill Evans on a July 1958 session for his Portrait of Cannonball LP. Evans' unique piano sound and Davis' experiments with modal jazz would culminate on the '58 Sessions. Documented in a studio session from May 1958 at Columbia's 30th Street Studio and a live gig at the Plaza Hotel's Persian Room in September of that same year, these sessions marked the advent of Davis' new sextet, during what had already become a pivotal year for Davis.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 10], "section_span": [12, 34], "content_span": [35, 659]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076096-0007-0000", "contents": "1958 Miles, Music, Studio session\nFeatured as the first side of 1958 Miles, the May 26 session took place at Columbia's 30th Street Studio in New York City. The songs recorded were previously issued on the second side of Jazz Track, an LP that consisted mostly of songs composed by Davis for the soundtrack to the 1958 French film Ascenseur pour l'\u00e9chafaud. In contrast to the mood pieces composed for the film, the May session featured Davis' growing curiosity in modal jazz and the relationship of fewer chords and variations with melody. This was the first studio session to feature Bill Evans and Jimmy Cobb in the new sextet, recording on Davis' thirty-second birthday.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 10], "section_span": [12, 33], "content_span": [34, 674]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076096-0008-0000", "contents": "1958 Miles, Music, Studio session\nA different aesthetic was in place during the session, as Bill Evans' first rhapsodic, impressionistic chords on \"On Green Dolphin Street\" highlighted the mid-tempo track, while Jimmy Cobb's brush technique grooved behind Davis' trumpet solo. John Coltrane and \"Cannonball\" Adderley doubled and tripled-up their syncopations over Paul Chambers' transparent counterpoint, as Cobb and Evans pealed away on their instruments, sharing solos with Davis, Addeley and Coltrane.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 10], "section_span": [12, 33], "content_span": [34, 504]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076096-0008-0001", "contents": "1958 Miles, Music, Studio session\nThe contrast between hot melodic variations and cool, laid back swing gave the whimsical \"Fran Dance\" (according to Ira Gitler's liner notes, the song was named after Davis' wife Francis), the romantic \"Stella by Starlight\", and the jumping \"Love for Sale\" their elemental tension. This contrast represented Davis' transitional stage between bebop and modality; standard chords and musical variety. The sessions were also notable for featuring Coltrane's unique improvisational style, known as the sheets of sound.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 10], "section_span": [12, 33], "content_span": [34, 548]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076096-0008-0002", "contents": "1958 Miles, Music, Studio session\nColtrane employed extreme and dense improvisational, yet patterned, lines that consisted of high speed arpeggios and scale patterns played in rapid succession; hundreds of notes running from the lowest to highest registers. \"Stella by Starlight\" featured Evans' delicate and sparse introduction, which made Coltrane's early solo seem startling. Evans' lush and laconic solo suggested the bittersweet spell he would cast over the Kind of Blue sessions the following year.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 10], "section_span": [12, 33], "content_span": [34, 504]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076096-0009-0000", "contents": "1958 Miles, Music, Live performance\nThe live portion of the album was recorded in the Persian Room of New York's Plaza Hotel at a September jazz party given by Columbia Records to celebrate \"the healthy state of jazz\" at the label. Later issued in full as Jazz at the Plaza in 1973, the live set featured three staples of Davis' and Coltrane's concert repertoire during their collaborating years. The sextet opened up with the standard \"Straight, No Chaser\", composed by Thelonious Monk.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 10], "section_span": [12, 35], "content_span": [36, 487]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076096-0009-0001", "contents": "1958 Miles, Music, Live performance\nThe musicians took the number at a brisk tempo, and though Jimmy Cobb lacked former drummer Philly Joe's technical flair, he and Paul Chambers remained consistent, as the horns carried into whirling solos. Evans used Adderley's solo and the song's tempo to improvise, as he scattered Bud Powell-like clusters. Journalist Lindsey Planer later called the performance \"slippery and triple-jointed\", and went on to state \"The band plays as if Monk might have been in the room that night. This is Davis at his most muted magnificence.\"", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 10], "section_span": [12, 35], "content_span": [36, 566]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076096-0010-0000", "contents": "1958 Miles, Music, Live performance\nThe Sonny Rollins-penned \"Oleo\" followed along at a wild Paul Chambers bass tempo, as Evans' fluid orchestral piano technique suggested multiple key centers and modal impressions. In contrast to the high tempos and improvisation of the other live tunes, \"My Funny Valentine\" was stately and serene, as Coltrane and Adderley sit out, giving Evans and Davis a more meditative backdrop for sensitive soloing. Evans displayed his soft and sensitive piano style. His unique and challenging sound was one of the reasons Miles Davis had hired him following Philly Joe's departure. The late-night languor of \"My Funny Valentine\", along with Bill Evans' presence and the more consistent and improving sextet, would hint at the music later featured on Davis' next album, the 1959 jazz masterpiece Kind of Blue.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 10], "section_span": [12, 35], "content_span": [36, 836]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076096-0011-0000", "contents": "1958 Miles, Reception and legacy\nAs parts of Jazz Track and Jazz at the Plaza, respectively, the '58 Sessions chronicled the transition from the brawny agitation of Milestones, to the cerebral tranquility of Kind of Blue. The recording sessions also became known as a stepping stone in Davis' move from bebop to modal jazz. The live side in particular was seen by critics as a glimpse at the sextet that would record Kind of Blue. The complimentary and seemingly spontaneous style of performance ethic and the relationship between Davis and his musicians was fundamental for his work during these sessions and improved onto the Kind of Blue sessions.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 10], "section_span": [12, 32], "content_span": [33, 650]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076096-0012-0000", "contents": "1958 Miles, Reception and legacy\nJazz historian and journalist Ira Gitler has considered 1958 Miles to be one of Davis' best works, while also noting that he was \"very taken with the performances\", alluding to the album's recordings after Gitler had listened to them. In the 1979 LP reissue liner notes, Gitler wrote \"These prime cuts of the Miles Davis Sextet, representative of what this most influential leader and his trendsetting band of that time, were doing in that particular portion of 1958, are a most welcome addition to the collectors library.\" The live portion of the album recorded at The Plaza Hotel was noted by critics as an early stage of the new sextet. Music writer Nicholas Taylor later wrote of the Plaza set:", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 10], "section_span": [12, 32], "content_span": [33, 731]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076096-0013-0000", "contents": "1958 Miles, Reception and legacy\nAn interesting and puzzling period piece, documenting the sextet exploring a sound that would soon morph into the rich tapestry of their 1959 masterpiece... It is the snapshot\u2014albeit a blurred one\u2014of a group of musicians on the verge of greatness, beginning to feel each other\u2019s tics and idiosyncrasies, forming the bonds of a sextet that would soon alter the history of jazz forever.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 10], "section_span": [12, 32], "content_span": [33, 417]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076096-0014-0000", "contents": "1958 Miles, Reception and legacy\nPrior to the live session, Miles Davis had already established a reputation as one of the jazz era's top live performers, following well-received performances at such venues as Birdland, also known as \"The Jazz Corner of the World\", in New York and the Newport Jazz Festival in Rhode Island during the mid-1950s. The set at the Plaza Hotel further expanded Davis' repertoire in concert venues and increased his popularity among jazz fans and writers.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 10], "section_span": [12, 32], "content_span": [33, 483]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076096-0014-0001", "contents": "1958 Miles, Reception and legacy\nEven though Milestones was Davis' first use of modes and Cannonball Adderley's presence helped make the band became a more powerful sextet, these sessions helped introduce Bill Evans to the music of Miles Davis. The May 26 session, in particular, exposed Evans to Davis' spontaneous ability in the studio to simplify complicated musical structures. In a 1979 interview for the jazz radio station WKCR, Evans remarked on his recording experience with Davis, stating \"Miles occasionally might say, 'Right here, I want this sound', and it turn out be a very key thing that changes the whole character of the [song].", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 10], "section_span": [12, 32], "content_span": [33, 645]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076096-0014-0002", "contents": "1958 Miles, Reception and legacy\nFor instance, on 'On Green Dolphin Street', the original changes of the chorus aren't the way [we recorded it]: the vamp changes being a major seventh up a minor third, down a half tone. That was [one when] he leaned over and said, 'I want this here.'\" Evans' influence would be apparent on the Kind of Blue sessions as it was during the initial 1958 sessions. All recorded studio work by Davis from 1958 for Columbia was later reissued on the box set compilation The Complete Columbia Recordings of Miles Davis with John Coltrane. Following the implementation of his first modal compositions with the title track of Milestones and his first sessions with Bill Evans, the 1958 Sessions, Davis became satisfied with the results. This led to his preparation of an entire album based on modality, his 1959 masterwork, Kind of Blue.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 10], "section_span": [12, 32], "content_span": [33, 861]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076096-0015-0000", "contents": "1958 Miles, Track listing, Original LP\nRecorded at Columbia's 30th Street Studio, New York, New York, on May 26, 1958.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 10], "section_span": [12, 38], "content_span": [39, 118]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076096-0016-0000", "contents": "1958 Miles, Track listing, Original LP\nRecorded live at The Plaza Hotel, New York, New York, on September 9, 1958.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 10], "section_span": [12, 38], "content_span": [39, 114]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076096-0017-0000", "contents": "1958 Miles, Track listing, Bonus track\nThe 1979 and 2006 Sony Japan release featured only side one and a bonus cut.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 10], "section_span": [12, 38], "content_span": [39, 115]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076096-0018-0000", "contents": "1958 Miles, Release history\nOriginally released in 1974 (not 1958) on CBS/Sony Records, 1958 Miles has had a rather convoluted release history. The album has experienced many reissues under different titles and records labels, along with a variety of release date listings.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 10], "section_span": [12, 27], "content_span": [28, 273]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076097-0000-0000", "contents": "1958 Milwaukee Braves season\nThe 1958 Milwaukee Braves season was the sixth in Milwaukee and the 88th overall season of the franchise. The Braves finished first in the National League with a 92\u201362 record and returned to the World Series for the second consecutive year, losing to the New York Yankees in seven games. The Braves set a Major League record which still stands for the fewest players caught stealing in a season, with 8.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [28, 28], "content_span": [29, 432]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076097-0001-0000", "contents": "1958 Milwaukee Braves season, Regular season, Season summary\nThe core of the Braves team was once again Hank Aaron, Eddie Mathews, Joe Adcock, Warren Spahn, and Lew Burdette. Also, outfielder Bill Bruton came back from his season-ending injury in 1957 to play in 100 games. Aaron led the team with 196 hits, 109 runs scored, and 95 runs batted in, and Mathews led the team with 31 home runs.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 60], "content_span": [61, 391]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076097-0002-0000", "contents": "1958 Milwaukee Braves season, Regular season, Season summary\nHowever, in 1958 the Braves' third starting pitcher, Bob Buhl, was injured after pitching in just 11 games (winning five), which put even more pressure on Spahn, Burdette, and their manager Fred Haney to be able to win. Also, because of injuries, Adcock played in only 105 games, and Wes Covington played in just 90. Red Schoendienst played in just 106 games, including many as just a pinch hitter, and it was discovered the next year that he had tuberculosis. In this difficult situation, Spahn posted a 22\u201311 record in 290 innings pitched and 23 complete games, and Burdette had a 20\u201310 record in 275 innings.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 60], "content_span": [61, 672]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076097-0003-0000", "contents": "1958 Milwaukee Braves season, Regular season, Season summary\nThe Braves repeated as the National League champions, this time by a margin of eight games over the Pittsburgh Pirates. The New York Yankees again won the American League, hence the two teams faced off against each other again in the World Series. The Braves roared ahead by winning three of the first four games for a 3\u20131 lead in the series. However, the Yankees regrouped and won games five, six, and seven\u2014the final two in Milwaukee County Stadium, the Braves' home stadium\u2014to win the World Championship.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 60], "content_span": [61, 568]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076097-0004-0000", "contents": "1958 Milwaukee Braves season, Player stats, Batting, Starters by position\nNote: Pos = Position; G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 73], "content_span": [74, 198]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076097-0005-0000", "contents": "1958 Milwaukee Braves season, Player stats, Batting, Other batters\nNote: G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 66], "content_span": [67, 175]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076097-0006-0000", "contents": "1958 Milwaukee Braves season, Player stats, Pitching, Starting pitchers\nNote: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 71], "content_span": [72, 182]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076097-0007-0000", "contents": "1958 Milwaukee Braves season, Player stats, Pitching, Other pitchers\nNote: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 68], "content_span": [69, 179]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076097-0008-0000", "contents": "1958 Milwaukee Braves season, Player stats, Pitching, Relief pitchers\nNote: G = Games pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; SV = Saves; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 69], "content_span": [70, 170]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076097-0009-0000", "contents": "1958 Milwaukee Braves season, 1958 World Series, Game 1\nOctober 1, 1958, at Milwaukee County Stadium in Milwaukee, Wisconsin", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 55], "content_span": [56, 124]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076097-0010-0000", "contents": "1958 Milwaukee Braves season, 1958 World Series, Game 2\nOctober 2, 1958, at Milwaukee County Stadium in Milwaukee, Wisconsin", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 55], "content_span": [56, 124]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076097-0011-0000", "contents": "1958 Milwaukee Braves season, 1958 World Series, Game 3\nOctober 4, 1958, at Yankee Stadium in New York City", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 55], "content_span": [56, 107]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076097-0012-0000", "contents": "1958 Milwaukee Braves season, 1958 World Series, Game 4\nOctober 5, 1958, at Yankee Stadium in New York City", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 55], "content_span": [56, 107]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076097-0013-0000", "contents": "1958 Milwaukee Braves season, 1958 World Series, Game 5\nOctober 6, 1958, at Yankee Stadium in New York City", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 55], "content_span": [56, 107]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076097-0014-0000", "contents": "1958 Milwaukee Braves season, 1958 World Series, Game 6\nOctober 8, 1958, at Milwaukee County Stadium in Milwaukee, Wisconsin", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 55], "content_span": [56, 124]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076097-0015-0000", "contents": "1958 Milwaukee Braves season, 1958 World Series, Game 7\nOctober 9, 1958, at Milwaukee County Stadium in Milwaukee, Wisconsin", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 55], "content_span": [56, 124]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076097-0016-0000", "contents": "1958 Milwaukee Braves season, Awards and honors\n1958 Major League Baseball All-Star GameStarters: Hank Aaron, Del Crandall, and Warren SpahnReserves: Eddie Mathews, Don McMahon", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 47], "content_span": [48, 176]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076098-0000-0000", "contents": "1958 Minnesota Golden Gophers football team\nThe 1958 Minnesota Golden Gophers football team represented the University of Minnesota in the 1958 Big Ten Conference football season. In their fifth year under head coach Murray Warmath, the Golden Gophers compiled a 1\u20138 record and were outscored by their opponents by a combined total of 157 to 115.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 43], "section_span": [43, 43], "content_span": [44, 346]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076098-0001-0000", "contents": "1958 Minnesota Golden Gophers football team\nGuard Everette Gerths received the team's Most Valuable Player award. Center Mike Svendsen was named All-Big Ten first team. Svendsen and offensive lineman Perry Gehring were named Academic All-Big Ten.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 43], "section_span": [43, 43], "content_span": [44, 246]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076098-0002-0000", "contents": "1958 Minnesota Golden Gophers football team\nTotal attendance at five home games was 288,817, an average of 57,763 per game. The largest crowd was against Iowa.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 43], "section_span": [43, 43], "content_span": [44, 159]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076099-0000-0000", "contents": "1958 Minnesota gubernatorial election\nThe 1958 Minnesota gubernatorial election took place on November 4, 1958. Minnesota Democratic\u2013Farmer\u2013Labor Party candidate Orville Freeman defeated Republican Party of Minnesota challenger George MacKinnon.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [37, 37], "content_span": [38, 245]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076100-0000-0000", "contents": "1958 Minnesota lieutenant gubernatorial election\nThe 1958 Minnesota lieutenant gubernatorial election took place on November 4, 1958. Incumbent Lieutenant Governor Karl Rolvaag of the Minnesota Democratic-Farmer-Labor Party defeated Republican Party of Minnesota challenger Bernard E. Ericsson.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 48], "section_span": [48, 48], "content_span": [49, 294]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076101-0000-0000", "contents": "1958 Mississippi Southern Southerners football team\nThe 1958 Mississippi Southern Southerners football team was an American football team that represented Mississippi Southern College (now known as the University of Southern Mississippi) as an independent during the 1958 NCAA College Division football season. In their tenth year under head coach Thad Vann, the team compiled a 9\u20130 record and finished as UPI College Division national champion.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 51], "section_span": [51, 51], "content_span": [52, 445]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076102-0000-0000", "contents": "1958 Mississippi State Maroons football team\nThe 1958 Mississippi State Maroons football team represented Mississippi State University during the 1958 NCAA University Division football season. Although the Maroons finished 6\u20132\u20131 the previous year, they were unable to capitalize on the momentum and fell back to last place in the SEC.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [44, 44], "content_span": [45, 334]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076103-0000-0000", "contents": "1958 Missouri Tigers baseball team\nThe 1958 Missouri Tigers baseball team represented the University of Missouri in the 1958 NCAA University Division baseball season. The Tigers played their home games at Rollins Field. The team was coached by Hi Simmons in his 20th season at Missouri.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [34, 34], "content_span": [35, 286]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076103-0001-0000", "contents": "1958 Missouri Tigers baseball team\nLed by All-Americans Sonny Siebert, Bo Toft and Ray Uriarte, the Tigers advanced to the 1958 College World Series, where they lost to Southern California in the championship game.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [34, 34], "content_span": [35, 214]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076104-0000-0000", "contents": "1958 Missouri Tigers football team\nThe 1958 Missouri Tigers football team was an American football team that represented the University of Missouri in the Big Seven Conference (Big 7) during the 1958 NCAA University Division football season. The team compiled a 5\u20134\u20131 record (4\u20131\u20131 against Big 7 opponents), finished in second place in the Big 7, and outscored its opponents by a combined total of 164 to 141. Dan Devine was the head coach for the first of 13 seasons. The team played its home games at Memorial Stadium in Columbia, Missouri.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [34, 34], "content_span": [35, 542]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076104-0001-0000", "contents": "1958 Missouri Tigers football team\nThe team's statistical leaders included Mel West with 642 rushing yards and 642 yards of total offense, Phil Snowden with 548 passing yards and 37 points scored, and Danny LaRose with 215 receiving yards.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [34, 34], "content_span": [35, 239]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076105-0000-0000", "contents": "1958 Monaco Grand Prix\nThe  1958 Monaco Grand Prix was a Formula One motor race held on 18 May 1958 at Monaco. It was race 2 of 11 in the 1958 World Championship of Drivers and race 2 of 10 in the 1958 International Cup for Formula One Manufacturers. The race was the 16th Monaco Grand Prix and was held over 100 laps of the three kilometre circuit for a total race distance of 314 kilometres.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [22, 22], "content_span": [23, 393]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076105-0001-0000", "contents": "1958 Monaco Grand Prix\nThe race was won by French driver Maurice Trintignant in the second and final Grand Prix victory of his long career. The win was the second consecutive victory for the privateer Rob Walker Racing Team. Trintignant took the teams newly acquired Cooper T45 to a twenty-second victory over Italian driver Luigi Musso driving a Ferrari 246 F1 with Musso's British teammate Peter Collins (Ferrari 246 F1) was third.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [22, 22], "content_span": [23, 433]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076105-0002-0000", "contents": "1958 Monaco Grand Prix\nTrintignant's win put the superiority of front-engined cars in doubt. Musso's second place put him into a four-point championship lead over Moss and Trintignant.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [22, 22], "content_span": [23, 184]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076105-0003-0000", "contents": "1958 Monaco Grand Prix, Race report\nVanwall and BRM returned after their Argentine absence and so Stirling Moss, Jean Behra and Harry Schell all went back to their regular drives. In Moss's place at the Rob Walker Racing Team with the new 2000 cc engined Cooper T45 was French driver Maurice Trintignant. The race winning Cooper T43 could not even qualify for the small 16-car Monaco grid, Ron Flockhart was first reserve for the race.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [24, 35], "content_span": [36, 435]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076105-0004-0000", "contents": "1958 Monaco Grand Prix, Race report\nMissing from the field was the previous year's winner and reigning World Champion, Juan Manuel Fangio who did not have a full-season drive. Fangio himself was in America, preparing for an ultimately disappointing Indianapolis 500 campaign with the Dayton-Walther team. Future Formula One impresario Bernie Ecclestone entered a Connaught B-Type in his first appearance but he failed to qualify, as did two substitute drivers. Also failing to make the grid were Maria Teresa de Filippis, the first female driver to enter a World Championship Grand Prix, and 58-year-old Louis Chiron in his final appearance at a Grand Prix. The Monaco local had won the Grand Prix 27 years earlier but Chiron and his Maserati 250F did not make it past qualifying.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [24, 35], "content_span": [36, 780]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076105-0005-0000", "contents": "1958 Monaco Grand Prix, Race report\nTony Brooks took pole position in his Vanwall VW 5 but Behra won the start. He led until his brakes failed in his BRM P25, and Mike Hawthorn swept by in the Ferrari 246 F1. Moss (Vanwall VW 5) had been duelling with him throughout the race until he retired on lap 38, and Hawthorn followed suit on lap 47 with a broken fuel pump. Graham Hill (Lotus 12) retired from fourth place in his first race on lap 69, after briefly leading.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [24, 35], "content_span": [36, 466]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076105-0005-0001", "contents": "1958 Monaco Grand Prix, Race report\nVanwall pair Brooks and Stuart Lewis-Evans retired, leaving Trintignant to lead home the Ferraris by some 20 seconds giving Rob Walker his second race win of the year. Behind the Ferraris of Luigi Musso and Peter Collins was Jack Brabham in the factory Cooper T45, although three laps down and still looking a long way from becoming the next years champion. Schell in his BRM P25 was a further six laps behind Brabham picking up the final points after Wolfgang von Trips had an engine failure in the closing stages in his Ferrari 246 F1. The only other car still circulating was the second Lotus 12 of Cliff Allison, 13 laps behind Trintignant.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [24, 35], "content_span": [36, 680]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076105-0006-0000", "contents": "1958 Monaco Grand Prix, Race report\nTrintignant's win disproved the belief that rear-engined Cooper victory achieved by Stirling Moss in Argentina was a one-off freak circumstance win,  and the smaller British cars would be treated more seriously, although ultimately a Cooper would not win again until 1959. The Rob Walker Racing Teams pair of early 1958 victories would remain the best ever performance by a privateer team until the rise of Tyrrell Racing in the late 1960s.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [24, 35], "content_span": [36, 476]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076106-0000-0000", "contents": "1958 Monegasque general election\nGeneral elections were held in Monaco in 1958. The result was a victory for the National Union of Independents, which won 11 of the 18 seats in the National Council.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [32, 32], "content_span": [33, 198]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076107-0000-0000", "contents": "1958 Montana Grizzlies football team\nThe 1958 Montana Grizzlies football team represented the University of Montana in the 1958 NCAA University Division football season as a member of the Skyline Conference (Skyline). The Grizzlies were led by first-year head coach Ray Jenkins, played their home games at Dornblaser Field and finished the season with a record of zero wins and ten losses (0\u201310, 0\u20137 MSC).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [36, 36], "content_span": [37, 405]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076108-0000-0000", "contents": "1958 Montana State Bobcats football team\nThe 1958 Montana State Bobcats football team was an American football team that represented Montana State College (now known as Montana State University) as an independent during the 1958 NCAA College Division football season. In its first season under head coach Herb Agocs, the team compiled an 8\u20131 record.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [40, 40], "content_span": [41, 349]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076109-0000-0000", "contents": "1958 Montserratian general election\nGeneral elections were held in Montserrat on 8 May 1958. The result was a victory for the Montserrat Labour Party, which won four of the five seats in the Legislative Council.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [35, 35], "content_span": [36, 211]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076109-0001-0000", "contents": "1958 Montserratian general election, Campaign\nA total of eleven candidates contested the elections, with the MLP nominating five, the Montserrat Democratic Party two and the remaining four running as independents.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 45], "content_span": [46, 213]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076110-0000-0000", "contents": "1958 Morecambe and Lonsdale by-election\nThe 1958 Morecambe and Lonsdale by-election was held on 6 November 1958. It was held due to the elevation of the incumbent Conservative MP, Sir Ian Fraser, being elevated to a life peerage. It was retained by the Conservative candidate Basil de Ferranti.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [39, 39], "content_span": [40, 294]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076111-0000-0000", "contents": "1958 Moroccan Grand Prix\nThe 1958 Moroccan Grand Prix, formally the VII Grand Prix International Automobile du Maroc, was a Formula One motor race held at Ain-Diab Circuit, Casablanca on 19 October 1958, after a six-week break following the Italian Grand Prix. It was race 11 of 11 in the 1958 World Championship of Drivers and race 10 of 10 in the 1958 International Cup for Formula One Manufacturers. It is the only time Morocco has hosted a World Championship Grand Prix.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [24, 24], "content_span": [25, 474]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076111-0001-0000", "contents": "1958 Moroccan Grand Prix\nMike Hawthorn (Ferrari) started from pole position, but Stirling Moss won the race driving for Vanwall. Hawthorn finished second which secured him the World Drivers' Championship. Phil Hill was third, also for Ferrari. Vanwall made sure of the World Constructors' Championship and both this and Hawthorn's drivers' title were firsts for British teams or drivers.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [24, 24], "content_span": [25, 387]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076111-0002-0000", "contents": "1958 Moroccan Grand Prix\nThe race saw an accident involving Stuart Lewis-Evans, who died six days later from the burns he sustained.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [24, 24], "content_span": [25, 132]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076111-0003-0000", "contents": "1958 Moroccan Grand Prix, Report, Background\nBoth Mike Hawthorn and Stirling Moss came into the race with a chance of becoming World Drivers' Champion. Moss, on 32 points, needed to win the race and set fastest lap, with Hawthorn (40 pts) finishing no higher than third or to win without fastest lap with Hawthorn again finishing third or lower but also without fastest lap.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 44], "content_span": [45, 374]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076111-0004-0000", "contents": "1958 Moroccan Grand Prix, Report, Practice and qualifying\nThere was an entry of 25 cars, of which 19 were to Formula One (F1) specification. Ferrari and Vanwall entered three cars each, BRM four and Lotus and Cooper two each. There were a further five non-works F1 entries. Six Formula Two Coopers brought the total entry to 25.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 57], "content_span": [58, 328]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076111-0005-0000", "contents": "1958 Moroccan Grand Prix, Report, Practice and qualifying\nIn Friday practice, Jean Behra (BRM) set fastest time at 2m:25.2s. Tony Brooks (Vanwall) and Hawthorn (Ferrari) were second and third, four and five tenths behind respectively. Moss did not better 2m:26s, despite a late attempt, having been hampered by other cars during some of his fast lap attempts.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 57], "content_span": [58, 359]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076111-0006-0000", "contents": "1958 Moroccan Grand Prix, Report, Practice and qualifying\nOn the Saturday, Hawthorn set fastest time with 2m:23.1s which was one-tenth ahead of Moss who was content with his position in the middle of the front row on the three by two grid. Stuart Lewis-Evans was on his outside, a further half-a-second behind. The second row was made up of Phil Hill (Ferrari) and Behra.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 57], "content_span": [58, 371]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076111-0007-0000", "contents": "1958 Moroccan Grand Prix, Report, Race\nMoss and Lewis-Evans led away, with Phil Hill also making a good start from the second row. At the end of the first lap, Moss led from Hill and Hawthorn was third followed by Jo Bonnier, Brooks, Lewis-Evans and Behra. On lap three, Hill tried to out-brake Moss, but failed, and left the track without damaging the car, allowing Hawthorn and Bonnier to pass. Moss, now unhampered, began to draw away from Hawthorn who was being caught by Hill who had passed Bonnier after recovering from the earlier incident.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 38], "content_span": [39, 547]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076111-0007-0001", "contents": "1958 Moroccan Grand Prix, Report, Race\nBy lap eight, Hill had passed Hawthorn but had little hope of catching Moss, who was already lapping the Formula Two cars at the rear of the field. Moss' teammate, Brooks, chased down Bonnier for fourth place and subsequently passed Hawthorn for third on lap 17. On lap 18 Moss was involved in a minor collision with the Maserati of Wolfgang Seidel which forced the latter to retire and Moss to be wary of engine temperature thereafter.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 38], "content_span": [39, 475]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076111-0008-0000", "contents": "1958 Moroccan Grand Prix, Report, Race\nAt 25 laps, Moss led Hill by 20s with Brooks a further 42s behind. Hawthorn was fourth followed by Bonnier and Olivier Gendebien with Lewis-Evans, Behra, Masten Gregory and Harry Schell completing the first ten runners. Hawthorn re-passed Brooks shortly afterwards and on lap 30 Brooks' engine blew and he retired. This left Hawthorn in third place, but some distance behind Hill, who was 27s behind Moss and steadily losing ground on the leader.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 38], "content_span": [39, 485]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076111-0009-0000", "contents": "1958 Moroccan Grand Prix, Report, Race\nAt this point, Gendebien, Tom Bridger and Fran\u00e7ois Picard all retired through accidents, with only the latter sustaining more than minor injuries. Hill had little hope of catching Moss and the Ferrari team signalled to him to allow Hawthorn to catch up and take the second position needed to claim the Championship. Hill's lead over Hawthorn was such that it took till lap 39 for the change to occur. Shortly afterwards, Moss lapped Schell, who then attempted to stay close to the Vanwall hampering Moss' progress. On lap 41, Lewis-Evans' engine broke in a corner, sending him off the road where the car caught fire. The driver was able to extricate himself but was badly burned.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 38], "content_span": [39, 718]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076111-0010-0000", "contents": "1958 Moroccan Grand Prix, Report, Race\nAt 48 laps, Moss slowed to allow Schell to move back ahead and thus avoid the possibility of further interference with his own race. Such was the lead that Moss had at this stage that he was still able to finish nearly 1.5mins ahead of the Ferraris of Hawthorn and Hill. Moss had also set fastest lap, but Hawthorn's second place was enough to secure him the World Drivers' Championship.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 38], "content_span": [39, 426]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076111-0011-0000", "contents": "1958 Moroccan Grand Prix, Report, Post race\nLewis-Evans was airlifted back to Britain by Vanwall team owner Tony Vandervell but died as a result of his burns six days later. Vandervell, already in failing health himself, ended his involvement with the Vanwall team partly as a result of the accident. Lewis-Evans was also a close friend of Bernie Ecclestone, who was at the race. Following his death Ecclestone sold his Connaught team and cars and ceased involvement with the sport till 1965.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 43], "content_span": [44, 492]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076111-0012-0000", "contents": "1958 Moroccan Grand Prix, Report, Post race\nIt was also the last race for Hawthorn who retired as a driver shortly after the season ended. He was killed in a road accident in Surrey on 22 January 1959.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 43], "content_span": [44, 201]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076111-0013-0000", "contents": "1958 Moroccan Grand Prix, Report, Post race\nPicard ultimately recovered from his injuries after six months of incapacity, but did not race again.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 43], "content_span": [44, 145]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076112-0000-0000", "contents": "1958 Motocross World Championship\nThe 1958 Motocross Worl Championship was the 2nd edition of the Motocross World Championship organized by the FIM and reserved for 500cc motorcycles.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [33, 33], "content_span": [34, 183]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076112-0001-0000", "contents": "1958 Motocross World Championship\nAfter five editions of the European Championship, from 1952 to 1956, the championship from 1957 took the name of the World Championship, at least for the 500cc class. The 250cc class, introduced this season, will also dispute five running-in seasons, from 1957 to 1961, a period in which it will take on the name of the European Cup, to become World Championship as well starting from the 1962 season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [33, 33], "content_span": [34, 435]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076112-0002-0000", "contents": "1958 Motocross World Championship, Final standings\nFrom April to August the 500cc didputed 10 grand prix were held which awarded points to the first six classified, respectively: 8, 6, 4, 3, 2, 1. The score in the final classification of each rider was calculated on the best four results.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 50], "content_span": [51, 289]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076113-0000-0000", "contents": "1958 Moyen-Congo constitutional referendum\nA referendum on the new Constitution of France was held in Moyen-Congo on 28 September 1958 as part of a wider referendum held across the French Union. The new constitution would make the territory an autonomous republic within the French Community, and was approved by 99% of voters. The Territorial Assembly proclaimed the Republic of the Congo on 28 November 1958, and the country became independent two years later.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 42], "section_span": [42, 42], "content_span": [43, 462]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076114-0000-0000", "contents": "1958 NAIA Men's Basketball Tournament\nThe 1958 NAIA Men's Basketball Tournament was held in March at Municipal Auditorium in Kansas City, Missouri. The 21st annual NAIA basketball tournament featured 32 teams playing in a single-elimination format.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [37, 37], "content_span": [38, 248]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076114-0001-0000", "contents": "1958 NAIA Men's Basketball Tournament\nThe championship game featured returning champions, Tennessee State University who defeated the Western Illinois University. The Tigers won over the Leathernecks, it would be the third time a team won back-to-back championships. Tennessee State is the 5th school to win 2 National Titles, joining University of Central Missouri, Hamline University, Indiana State University and Southwest Missouri State. It was the second year in a row with an upset in the Championship Game. The 3rd place game featured Texas Southern University and Georgetown College (Ky.)It was the first year the Charles Stevenson Hustle Award was awarded. It went to Bill McAfoos of Western Illinois.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [37, 37], "content_span": [38, 710]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076114-0002-0000", "contents": "1958 NAIA Men's Basketball Tournament, Awards and honors\nMany of the records set by the 1958 tournament have been broken, and many of the awards were established much later:", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [39, 56], "content_span": [57, 173]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076114-0003-0000", "contents": "1958 NAIA Men's Basketball Tournament, 1958 NAIA bracket, 3rd place game\nThe third place game featured the losing teams from the national semifinalist to determine 3rd and 4th places in the tournament. This game was played until 1988.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [39, 72], "content_span": [73, 234]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076115-0000-0000", "contents": "1958 NAIA football season\nThe 1958 NAIA football season was the third season of college football sponsored by the National Association of Intercollegiate Athletics. The season was played from August to December 1958, culminating in the third annual NAIA Football National Championship, played this year again at Stewart Field in St. Petersburg, Florida. During its four years in St. Petersburg, the game was called the Holiday Bowl.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [25, 25], "content_span": [26, 432]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076115-0001-0000", "contents": "1958 NAIA football season\nNortheastern State defeated Arizona State\u2013Flagstaff in the championship game, 19\u201313, to win their first NAIA national title.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [25, 25], "content_span": [26, 150]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076116-0000-0000", "contents": "1958 NBA All-Star Game\nThe 1958 NBA All Star Game was the eighth NBA All-Star Game.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [22, 22], "content_span": [23, 83]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076117-0000-0000", "contents": "1958 NBA Finals\nThe 1958 NBA World Championship Series was the championship series for the 1957\u201358 National Basketball Association (NBA) season, and the culmination of the season's playoffs. It pitted the Western Division champion St. Louis Hawks against the Eastern Division champion Boston Celtics. The Hawks won the series in six games to win the franchise's first and only NBA title. This was the last Finals until 1967 that wasn't won by the Celtics, and the last until 1971 that was won by the Western Conference.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 15], "section_span": [15, 15], "content_span": [16, 519]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076117-0001-0000", "contents": "1958 NBA Finals, Recap\nAfter being defeated by the Celtics in Game 7 of the 1957 NBA Finals, St. Louis survived a sometimes difficult 1957-58 NBA season en route to winning the Western Division crown with a 41-31 record. The Celtics, meanwhile, had dominated the Eastern Division with a 49-23 record.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 15], "section_span": [17, 22], "content_span": [23, 300]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076117-0002-0000", "contents": "1958 NBA Finals, Recap\nThe Hawks upset the Celtics (with a healthy Russell) in Game 1 at the Boston Garden, 104-102. Boston struck back with a wipeout in Game 2, 136-112. In St. Louis, the Hawks prevailed 111-108 in Game 3 when Russell severely sprained his ankle. Without Russell, the Celtics evened the series with a 109-98 surprise victory in Game 4. St. Louis forced a 102-100 win in Game 5 in Boston to take the series lead.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 15], "section_span": [17, 22], "content_span": [23, 429]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076117-0003-0000", "contents": "1958 NBA Finals, Recap\nBack home in Kiel Auditorium on April 12, the Hawks weren't about to miss their opportunity to defeat the defending champions. Pettit turned in a spectacular performance. He scored 31 points in the first three quarters, then zoomed off in the final period, nailing 19 of his team's last 21 points. His last two points, on a tip-in with 15 seconds remaining, put the Hawks ahead 110-107. The Celtics scored one final bucket but could do no more. The Hawks finally had a title, 110-109. Pettit had scored 50 points, including 18 of the Hawks' final 21 points in propelling the Hawks to the championship. Pettit's 50 points set a new Finals record for most scored by a player in a Finals-clinching game, a record that was tied by Giannis Antetokounmpo in 2021", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 15], "section_span": [17, 22], "content_span": [23, 779]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076117-0004-0000", "contents": "1958 NBA Finals, Recap\nMost observers figured that the Celtics probably would have won the 1958 title if Russell hadn't suffered his ankle injury in game 3. Auerbach, however, found no comfort in that opinion. \"You can always look for excuses,\" he said. \"We just got beat.\"", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 15], "section_span": [17, 22], "content_span": [23, 273]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076117-0005-0000", "contents": "1958 NBA Finals, Recap\nThe 1958 Hawks were the last team to win an NBA championship without a black player on the roster.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 15], "section_span": [17, 22], "content_span": [23, 121]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076118-0000-0000", "contents": "1958 NBA draft\nThe 1958 NBA draft was the 12th annual draft of the National Basketball Association (NBA). The draft was held on April 22, 1958, before the 1958\u201359 season. In this draft, eight NBA teams took turns selecting amateur U.S. college basketball players. In each round, the teams select in reverse order of their win\u2013loss record in the previous season. The draft consisted of 17 rounds comprising 88 players selected.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [14, 14], "content_span": [15, 426]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076118-0001-0000", "contents": "1958 NBA draft, Draft selections and draftee career notes\nElgin Baylor from Seattle University was selected first overall by the Minneapolis Lakers. Baylor went on to win the Rookie of the Year Award in his first season. Guy Rodgers from Temple University was selected before the draft as Philadelphia Warriors' territorial pick. Three players from this draft, Elgin Baylor, Guy Rodgers and Hal Greer, have been inducted to the Basketball Hall of Fame. Frank Howard from Ohio State University was selected in the third round by the Philadelphia Warriors, but he opted for a professional baseball career and eventually playing 16 successful seasons in the Major League Baseball (MLB).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [16, 57], "content_span": [58, 683]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076118-0002-0000", "contents": "1958 NBA draft, Other picks\nThe following list includes other draft picks who have appeared in at least one NBA game.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [16, 27], "content_span": [28, 117]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076119-0000-0000", "contents": "1958 NBA playoffs\nThe 1958 NBA playoffs was the postseason tournament of the National Basketball Association's 1957-58 season. The tournament concluded with the Western Division champion St. Louis Hawks defeating the Eastern Division champion Boston Celtics 4 games to 2 in the NBA Finals.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [17, 17], "content_span": [18, 289]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076119-0001-0000", "contents": "1958 NBA playoffs\nIt was the second straight year the Celtics and Hawks met in the Finals; they met four out of five years, with the Celtics winning three series and the Hawks one.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [17, 17], "content_span": [18, 180]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076119-0002-0000", "contents": "1958 NBA playoffs\nThis was the first (and as of 2020, only) title in Hawks franchise history. St. Louis made it to the NBA Finals four times in five years between 1957\u20131961, but since moving to Atlanta in 1968, they have had considerably less success in the playoffs.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [17, 17], "content_span": [18, 267]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076119-0003-0000", "contents": "1958 NBA playoffs, Bracket\nBold Series winnerItalic Team with home-court advantage in NBA Finals", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 26], "content_span": [27, 96]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076119-0004-0000", "contents": "1958 NBA playoffs, Division Semifinals, Eastern Division Semifinals, (2) Syracuse Nationals vs. (3) Philadelphia Warriors\nThis was the sixth playoff meeting between these two teams, with the 76ers/Nationals winning four of the first five meetings.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 121], "content_span": [122, 247]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076119-0005-0000", "contents": "1958 NBA playoffs, Division Semifinals, Western Division Semifinals, (2) Detroit Pistons vs. (3) Cincinnati Royals\nThis was the sixth playoff meeting between these two teams, with the Royals winning three of the first five meetings while the Pistons were based in Fort Wayne and the Royals were based in Rochester.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 114], "content_span": [115, 314]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076119-0006-0000", "contents": "1958 NBA playoffs, Division Finals, Eastern Division Finals, (1) Boston Celtics vs. (3) Philadelphia Warriors\nThis was the first playoff meeting between these two teams.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 109], "content_span": [110, 169]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076119-0007-0000", "contents": "1958 NBA playoffs, Division Finals, Western Division Finals, (1) St. Louis Hawks vs. (2) Detroit Pistons\nThis was the second playoff meeting between these two teams, with the Pistons winning the first meeting while being based in Fort Wayne.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 104], "content_span": [105, 241]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076119-0008-0000", "contents": "1958 NBA playoffs, NBA Finals: (E1) Boston Celtics vs. (W1) St. Louis Hawks\nThis was the second playoff meeting between these two teams, with the Celtics winning the first meeting.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 75], "content_span": [76, 180]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076120-0000-0000", "contents": "1958 NC State Wolfpack football team\nThe 1958 NC State Wolfpack football team represented North Carolina State University during the 1958 NCAA University Division football season. The Wolfpack were led by fifth-year head coach Earle Edwards and played their home games at Riddick Stadium in Raleigh, North Carolina. They competed as members of the Atlantic Coast Conference, finishing in seventh.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [36, 36], "content_span": [37, 396]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076121-0000-0000", "contents": "1958 NCAA College Division Basketball Tournament\nThe 1958 NCAA College Division Basketball Tournament involved 32 schools playing in a single-elimination tournament to determine the national champion of men's basketball in the NCAA\u00a0College Division, predecessor to today's NCAA Divisions II and III, as a culmination of the 1957\u201358 NCAA College Division men's basketball season. It was won by the University of South Dakota, and Ed Smallwood of the University of Evansville was named the Most Outstanding Player.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 48], "section_span": [48, 48], "content_span": [49, 512]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076122-0000-0000", "contents": "1958 NCAA College Division Cross Country Championships\nThe 1958 NCAA College Division Cross Country Championships were contested at the first annual NCAA-sanctioned cross country meet to determine the team and individual national champions of men's collegiate cross country running among small colleges in the United States.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 54], "section_span": [54, 54], "content_span": [55, 324]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076122-0001-0000", "contents": "1958 NCAA College Division Cross Country Championships\nThis was the first NCAA championship held exclusively for College Division (future Divisions II and III) teams; all university teams remained part of the NCAA University Division Cross Country Championship (later re-designated as Division I).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 54], "section_span": [54, 54], "content_span": [55, 297]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076122-0002-0000", "contents": "1958 NCAA College Division Cross Country Championships\nHeld on November 15, 1958, the meet was hosted by Wheaton College at the Chicago Country Club in Wheaton, Illinois. The distance for the race was 4 miles (6.4 kilometers).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 54], "section_span": [54, 54], "content_span": [55, 226]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076122-0003-0000", "contents": "1958 NCAA College Division Cross Country Championships\nThe team national championship was won by Northern Illinois, the Huskies' first. The individual championship was won by Paul Whiteley, from Kansas State Teachers, with a time of 20:45.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 54], "section_span": [54, 54], "content_span": [55, 239]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076122-0004-0000", "contents": "1958 NCAA College Division Cross Country Championships, Qualification\nFollowing the creation of the NCAA\"s multi-division structure this year, only NCAA College Division teams, and their respective runners, were eligible. In total, 20 teams and 114 individual runners contested this championship.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 54], "section_span": [56, 69], "content_span": [70, 296]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076123-0000-0000", "contents": "1958 NCAA College Division football rankings\nThe 1958 NCAA College Division football rankings are from the United Press International poll of College Division head coaches. The 1958 NCAA College Division football season was the first year UPI published a poll in what was termed the \"Small College\" division. The Associated Press did not start their version of the poll until 1960. In most of the weekly polls, the Top 10 included the team's record while the \"Second 10\" did not. Individual team records in the Top 10 were sometimes missing as well.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [44, 44], "content_span": [45, 549]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076124-0000-0000", "contents": "1958 NCAA College Division football season\nThe 1958 NCAA College Division football season was the third season of college football in the United States organized by the National Collegiate Athletic Association at the NCAA College Division level.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 42], "section_span": [42, 42], "content_span": [43, 245]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076124-0001-0000", "contents": "1958 NCAA College Division football season, Rankings, Small college poll\nIn 1958, United Press International (UPI) conducted a \"small college\" coaches' poll for the first time. Mississippi Southern, which had beaten NC State and VPI en route to a 9\u20130 record, was ranked first from start to finish.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 42], "section_span": [44, 72], "content_span": [73, 297]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076125-0000-0000", "contents": "1958 NCAA Golf Championship\nThe 1958 NCAA Golf Championship was the 20th annual NCAA-sanctioned golf tournament to determine the individual and team national champions of men's collegiate golf in the United States.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [27, 27], "content_span": [28, 214]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076125-0001-0000", "contents": "1958 NCAA Golf Championship\nThe tournament was held at Taconic Golf Club in Williamstown, Massachusetts, hosted by Williams College.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [27, 27], "content_span": [28, 132]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076125-0002-0000", "contents": "1958 NCAA Golf Championship\nTwo-time defending champions Houston won the team title, the Cougars' third NCAA team national title.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [27, 27], "content_span": [28, 129]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076126-0000-0000", "contents": "1958 NCAA Men's Basketball All-Americans\nThe consensus 1958 College Basketball All-American team, as determined by aggregating the results of six major All-American teams. To earn \"consensus\" status, a player must win honors from a majority of the following teams: the Associated Press, the USBWA, The United Press International, the National Association of Basketball Coaches, the Newspaper Enterprise Association (NEA), and the International News Service.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [40, 40], "content_span": [41, 457]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076127-0000-0000", "contents": "1958 NCAA Men's Ice Hockey Tournament\nThe 1958 NCAA Men's Ice Hockey Tournament was the culmination of the 1957\u201358 NCAA men's ice hockey season, the 11th such tournament in NCAA history. It was held between March 13 and 15, 1958, and concluded with Denver defeating North Dakota 6-2. All games were played at the Williams Arena in Minneapolis, Minnesota.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [37, 37], "content_span": [38, 354]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076127-0001-0000", "contents": "1958 NCAA Men's Ice Hockey Tournament\nThis was the first NCAA tournament to take place outside Colorado Springs, Colorado.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [37, 37], "content_span": [38, 122]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076127-0002-0000", "contents": "1958 NCAA Men's Ice Hockey Tournament, Qualifying teams\nFour teams qualified for the tournament, two each from the eastern and western regions. The two best WIHL teams and a Tri-State League representative received bids into the tournament as did one independent school.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [39, 55], "content_span": [56, 270]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076127-0003-0000", "contents": "1958 NCAA Men's Ice Hockey Tournament, Format\nThe Tri-State League team was seeded as the top eastern team while the WIHL champion with the greater winning percentage was given the top western seed. The second eastern seed was slotted to play the top western seed and vice versa. All games were played at the Williams Arena. All matches were Single-game eliminations with the semifinal winners advancing to the national championship game and the losers playing in a consolation game.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [39, 45], "content_span": [46, 483]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076128-0000-0000", "contents": "1958 NCAA Skiing Championships\nThe 1958 NCAA Skiing Championships were contested at the Dartmouth Skiway in Lyme, New Hampshire at the fifth annual NCAA-sanctioned ski tournament to determine the individual and team national champions of men's collegiate alpine, cross country skiing, and ski jumping in the United States.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [30, 30], "content_span": [31, 322]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076128-0001-0000", "contents": "1958 NCAA Skiing Championships\nHost Dartmouth, coached by Al Merrill, edged four-time defending champion Denver in the team standings to claim their first national championship.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [30, 30], "content_span": [31, 177]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076128-0002-0000", "contents": "1958 NCAA Skiing Championships\nFor the first time in its brief history, there were no repeat individual NCAA champions.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [30, 30], "content_span": [31, 119]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076128-0003-0000", "contents": "1958 NCAA Skiing Championships, Venue\nThis year's championships were held February 28 to March 2 in New Hampshire at the Dartmouth Skiway in Lyme, hosted by nearby Dartmouth College.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 37], "content_span": [38, 182]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076128-0004-0000", "contents": "1958 NCAA Skiing Championships, Venue\nThe fifth edition, these were the first NCAA championships in New Hampshire and the second in the East; the 1955 events were in central Vermont at Northfield, about fifty miles (80\u00a0km) northwest of Lyme.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 37], "content_span": [38, 241]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076128-0005-0000", "contents": "1958 NCAA Skiing Championships, Venue\nThe championships returned to Dartmouth Skiway in 1964, but rain forced the transfer of the alpine events to Cannon Mountain; the next time at Dartmouth was in 2003. The vertical drop of the Skiway in 2020 was approximately 970 feet (295\u00a0m).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 37], "content_span": [38, 279]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076129-0000-0000", "contents": "1958 NCAA Swimming and Diving Championships\nThe 1958 NCAA Swimming and Diving Championships  were contested in March 1958 at the Intramural Sports Building at the University of Michigan in Ann Arbor, Michigan at the 22nd annual NCAA-sanctioned swim meet to determine the team and individual national champions of men's collegiate swimming and diving in the United States.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 43], "section_span": [43, 43], "content_span": [44, 371]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076129-0001-0000", "contents": "1958 NCAA Swimming and Diving Championships\nMichigan retained the national title, the Wolverines' eighth (and second consecutive), after finishing nine points ahead of Yale in the team standings.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 43], "section_span": [43, 43], "content_span": [44, 195]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076130-0000-0000", "contents": "1958 NCAA Tennis Championships\nThe 1958 NCAA Tennis Championships were the 13th annual NCAA-sponsored tournaments to determine the national champions of men's singles, doubles, and team collegiate tennis in the United States.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [30, 30], "content_span": [31, 225]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076130-0001-0000", "contents": "1958 NCAA Tennis Championships\nUSC won the team championship, the Trojans' fourth such title. USC finished four points ahead of Stanford, 13\u20139, in the final team standings.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [30, 30], "content_span": [31, 172]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076130-0002-0000", "contents": "1958 NCAA Tennis Championships, Host site\nThis year's tournaments were contested at the United States Naval Academy in Annapolis, Maryland.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 41], "content_span": [42, 139]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076130-0003-0000", "contents": "1958 NCAA Tennis Championships, Team scoring\nUntil 1977, the men's team championship was determined by points awarded based on individual performances in the singles and doubles events.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 44], "content_span": [45, 185]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076131-0000-0000", "contents": "1958 NCAA Track and Field Championships\nThe 1958 NCAA Track and Field Championships were contested June 13\u221214 at the 37th annual NCAA-sanctioned track meet to determine the individual and team national champions of men's collegiate track and field events in the United States. This year's meet was hosted by the University of California at Edwards Stadium in Berkeley.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [39, 39], "content_span": [40, 368]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076131-0001-0000", "contents": "1958 NCAA Track and Field Championships\nUSC won the team national championship, the Trojans' 20th team title in program history.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [39, 39], "content_span": [40, 128]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076132-0000-0000", "contents": "1958 NCAA University Division Baseball Tournament\nThe 1958 NCAA University Division Baseball Tournament was played at the end of the 1958 NCAA University Division baseball season to determine the national champion of college baseball. The tournament concluded with eight teams competing in the College World Series, a double-elimination tournament in its twelfth year. Eight regional districts sent representatives to the College World Series with preliminary rounds within each district serving to determine each representative. These events would later become known as regionals.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 49], "section_span": [49, 49], "content_span": [50, 581]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076132-0000-0001", "contents": "1958 NCAA University Division Baseball Tournament\nEach district had its own format for selecting teams, resulting in 26 teams participating in the tournament at the conclusion of their regular season, and in some cases, after a conference tournament. The College World Series was held in Omaha, NE from June 13 to June 19. The twelfth tournament's champion was Southern California, coached by Rod Dedeaux. The Most Outstanding Player was Bill Thom of Southern California.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 49], "section_span": [49, 49], "content_span": [50, 471]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076132-0001-0000", "contents": "1958 NCAA University Division Baseball Tournament, Tournament, District 7\nBrigham Young University withdrew from district. Colorado State was selected as District 7 representative in the College World Series.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 49], "section_span": [51, 73], "content_span": [74, 208]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076133-0000-0000", "contents": "1958 NCAA University Division Basketball Tournament\nThe 1958 NCAA University Division Basketball Tournament involved 24 schools playing in single-elimination play to determine the national champion of men's NCAA Division I college basketball in the United States. It began on March 11, and ended with the championship game on Saturday, March 22, in Louisville, Kentucky. A total of 28 games were played, including a third place game in each region and a national third place game.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 51], "section_span": [51, 51], "content_span": [52, 480]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076133-0001-0000", "contents": "1958 NCAA University Division Basketball Tournament\nLed by head coach Adolph Rupp, the Kentucky Wildcats won the national title with an 84\u201372 victory in the final game over Seattle, coached by John Castellani. The Chieftains led by 39\u201336 at the half, but star forward Elgin Baylor picked up his fourth personal foul with over sixteen minutes remaining. The Chieftains were outscored by fifteen in the second half, and Baylor was named the tournament's Most Outstanding Player.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 51], "section_span": [51, 51], "content_span": [52, 476]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076133-0002-0000", "contents": "1958 NCAA University Division Basketball Tournament, Locations\nThe city of Louisville became the sixth host site, and Freedom Hall the seventh host venue, of the Final Four. The two-year-old building was the off-campus home to the Louisville Cardinals until the opening of the KFC Yum! Center in 2010. The tournament saw two other new venues. The tournament came to Charlotte for the first time at the Charlotte Coliseum. The tournament would be played at the building a dozen more times.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 51], "section_span": [53, 62], "content_span": [63, 488]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076133-0002-0001", "contents": "1958 NCAA University Division Basketball Tournament, Locations\nThe tournament also came to the East Bay area for the first time, playing at the Men's Gym (soon to be renamed Harmon Gym) on the campus of the University of California. This would be the only time the tournament would be held on the Cal campus, as well as on the campus of Oklahoma State University, with future games in Oklahoma held in either Tulsa, Oklahoma City or Norman.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 51], "section_span": [53, 62], "content_span": [63, 440]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076134-0000-0000", "contents": "1958 NCAA University Division Cross Country Championships\nThe 1958 NCAA University Division Cross Country Championships were the 20th annual cross country meet to determine the team and individual national champions of men's collegiate cross country running in the United States. It was the first championship held exclusively for University Division (future Division I) teams; all small college teams were shifted to the established NCAA Men's College Division Cross Country Championship (later re-designated as Division II).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 57], "section_span": [57, 57], "content_span": [58, 526]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076134-0001-0000", "contents": "1958 NCAA University Division Cross Country Championships\nHeld on November 24, 1958, the meet was hosted by Michigan State University at the Forest Akers East Golf Course in East Lansing, Michigan. The distance for the race was 4 miles (6.4 kilometers).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 57], "section_span": [57, 57], "content_span": [58, 253]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076134-0002-0000", "contents": "1958 NCAA University Division Cross Country Championships\nFollowing the creation of the NCAA\"s multi-division structure this year, only NCAA University Division teams, and their respective runners, were eligible. In total, 14 teams and 106 individual runners contested this championship.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 57], "section_span": [57, 57], "content_span": [58, 287]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076134-0003-0000", "contents": "1958 NCAA University Division Cross Country Championships\nThe team national championship was won by the Michigan State Spartans, their seventh. The individual championship was won by Crawford Kennedy, also from Michigan State, with a time of 20:07.1.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 57], "section_span": [57, 57], "content_span": [58, 250]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076135-0000-0000", "contents": "1958 NCAA University Division baseball season\nThe 1958 NCAA University Division baseball season, play of college baseball in the United States organized by the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) began in the spring of 1958. The season progressed through the regular season and concluded with the 1958 College World Series. The College World Series, held for the twelfth time in 1958, consisted of one team from each of eight geographical districts and was held in Omaha, Nebraska at Johnny Rosenblatt Stadium as a double-elimination tournament. Southern California claimed the championship.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 45], "section_span": [45, 45], "content_span": [46, 603]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076135-0001-0000", "contents": "1958 NCAA University Division baseball season, Realignment\nPrior to the 1958 season, Oklahoma A&M, now Oklahoma State, rejoined the Big Seven Conference, which then became known as the Big Eight.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 45], "section_span": [47, 58], "content_span": [59, 195]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076135-0002-0000", "contents": "1958 NCAA University Division baseball season, Conference winners\nThis is a partial list of conference champions from the 1958 season. Each of the eight geographical districts chose, by various methods, the team that would represent them in the NCAA Tournament. 13 teams earned automatic bids by winning their conference championship while 14 teams earned at-large selections.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 45], "section_span": [47, 65], "content_span": [66, 376]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076135-0003-0000", "contents": "1958 NCAA University Division baseball season, College World Series\nThe 1958 season marked the twelfth NCAA Baseball Tournament, which culminated with the eight team College World Series. The College World Series was held in Omaha, Nebraska. The eight teams played a double-elimination format, with Southern California claiming their second championship with an 8\u20137 win over Missouri in the final.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 45], "section_span": [47, 67], "content_span": [68, 397]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076136-0000-0000", "contents": "1958 NCAA University Division football rankings\nTwo human polls comprised the 1958 NCAA University Division football rankings. Unlike most sports, college football's governing body, the NCAA, does not bestow a national championship, instead that title is bestowed by one or more different polling agencies. There are two main weekly polls that begin in the preseason\u2014the AP Poll and the Coaches' Poll.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 47], "section_span": [47, 47], "content_span": [48, 401]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076136-0001-0000", "contents": "1958 NCAA University Division football rankings, AP Poll\nThe final AP Poll was released on December 1, at the end of the 1958 regular season, weeks before the major bowls. The AP would not release a post-bowl season final poll regularly until 1968.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 47], "section_span": [49, 56], "content_span": [57, 248]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076136-0002-0000", "contents": "1958 NCAA University Division football rankings, Final Coaches' poll\nThe final UPI Coaches Poll was released prior to the bowl games, on December 1. LSU received 29 of the 35 first-place votes; Iowa received four, and one each went to Army and Air Force.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 47], "section_span": [49, 68], "content_span": [69, 254]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076137-0000-0000", "contents": "1958 NCAA University Division football season\nThe 1958 NCAA University Division football season was notable in that it was the first to feature the two-point conversion. On January 13, 1958, the eleven-man NCAA Rules Committee unanimously approved a resolution to allow teams to choose between kicking an extra point after a touchdown, or running or passing from the three-yard line for two points. University of Michigan athletic director Fritz Crisler said at the meeting in Fort Lauderdale, \"It's a progressive step which will make football more interesting for the spectators,\" adding that the rule \"will add drama to what has been the dullest, most stupid play in the game.\"", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 45], "section_span": [45, 45], "content_span": [46, 679]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076137-0001-0000", "contents": "1958 NCAA University Division football season\nLouisiana State University (LSU), with a record of 10\u20130, was crowned the national champion at the end of the regular season by both major polls, and won the Sugar Bowl on New Year's Day. The Iowa Hawkeyes won the Rose Bowl by 26 points and were crowned national champions by the Football Writers Association of America in January, after the bowl games.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 45], "section_span": [45, 45], "content_span": [46, 398]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076137-0002-0000", "contents": "1958 NCAA University Division football season\nDuring the 20th century, the NCAA had no playoff for the major college football teams in the University Division, later known as Division I-A. The NCAA did recognize a national champion based upon the final results of \"wire service\" (AP and UPI) polls. The extent of that recognition came in the form of acknowledgment in the annual NCAA Football Guide of the \"unofficial\" national champions. The AP poll in 1958 consisted of the votes of as many as 203 sportswriters. Though not all writers voted in every poll, each would give their opinion of the twenty best teams.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 45], "section_span": [45, 45], "content_span": [46, 614]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076137-0002-0001", "contents": "1958 NCAA University Division football season\nUnder a point system of 20 points for first place, 19 for second, etc., the \"overall\" ranking was determined. Although the rankings were based on the collective opinion of the representative sportswriters, the teams that remained \"unbeaten and untied\" were generally ranked higher than those that had not. A defeat, even against a strong opponent, tended to cause a team to drop in the rankings, and a team with two or more defeats was unlikely to remain in the Top 20. The top teams played on New Year's Day in the four major postseason bowl games: the Rose Bowl (near Los Angeles at Pasadena), the Sugar Bowl (New Orleans), the Orange Bowl (Miami), and the Cotton Bowl (Dallas).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 45], "section_span": [45, 45], "content_span": [46, 726]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076137-0003-0000", "contents": "1958 NCAA University Division football season, September\nIn the preseason poll released on September 15, 1958, the Buckeyes of Ohio State University were the first place choice for 46 of 99 writers casting votes, followed by Oklahoma, Notre Dame, Michigan State and 1957's champion, Auburn. As the regular season progressed, a new poll would be issued on the Monday following the weekend's games.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 45], "section_span": [47, 56], "content_span": [57, 396]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076137-0004-0000", "contents": "1958 NCAA University Division football season, September\nMost teams did not begin play until September 27. On September 13, Kentucky beat Hawaii 51\u20130 in a game in Louisville, and attempted the 2-point conversion, but without success. One of the first successful 2-point conversions in an NCAA game happened when Iowa State Teachers College hosted Bradley University at Cedar Falls, Iowa on September 13. Max Huffman carried the ball over twice on conversion attempts to give the Panthers of Iowa Teachers a 29\u201312 win over the Braves. On September 20, No. 6 Mississippi and No. 8 Texas Christian were among the winners, beating Memphis State (17\u20130) and Kansas (42\u20130) respectively, but the Top Five schools had not yet started play.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 45], "section_span": [47, 56], "content_span": [57, 730]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076137-0005-0000", "contents": "1958 NCAA University Division football season, September\nThe poll for the five 0\u20130 teams was 1. Ohio State 2. Oklahoma 3. Auburn 4. Michigan State and 5. Notre Dame.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 45], "section_span": [47, 56], "content_span": [57, 165]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076137-0006-0000", "contents": "1958 NCAA University Division football season, September\nSeptember 27No. 1 Ohio State narrowly beat SMU at home, 23\u201320, and fell to third in the next poll. No. 2 Oklahoma, on the other hand, rolled over visiting West Virginia 47\u201314, and rose to first place. No. 3 Auburn beat Tennessee in Birmingham, 13\u20130, and No. 4 Michigan State beat California 32\u201312. No. 5 Notre Dame beat Indiana 18\u20130, but fell to 7th, while No. 8 Army, which beat South Carolina 45\u20138, took the place of the Irish.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 45], "section_span": [47, 56], "content_span": [57, 486]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076137-0007-0000", "contents": "1958 NCAA University Division football season, September\nThe poll: 1. Oklahoma 2. Auburn 3. Ohio State 4. Michigan State 5. Army", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 45], "section_span": [47, 56], "content_span": [57, 128]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076137-0008-0000", "contents": "1958 NCAA University Division football season, October\nOctober 4 No. 1 Oklahoma got past visiting Oregon, 6\u20130, and dropped to second. No. 2 Auburn, which beat UT-Chattanooga 30\u20138 at home, moved up to the top spot. No. 3 Ohio State beat Washington at home, 12\u20137. No. 4 Michigan State played Michigan to a 12\u201312 tie, and fell to 9th. No. 5 Army beat Penn State 26\u20130. No. 7 Notre Dame, which beat SMU in Dallas, 14\u20136, returned to the Top Five.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 45], "section_span": [47, 54], "content_span": [55, 440]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076137-0009-0000", "contents": "1958 NCAA University Division football season, October\nPoll: 1. Auburn 2. Oklahoma 3. Army 4. Notre Dame 5. Ohio State", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 45], "section_span": [47, 54], "content_span": [55, 118]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076137-0010-0000", "contents": "1958 NCAA University Division football season, October\nOctober 11No. 5 Ohio State won at Illinois, 19\u201313No. 1 Auburn won at Kentucky, 8\u20130. No. 2 Oklahoma sustained a 15\u201314 loss at Dallas in their annual meeting with the Texas Longhorns. In South Bend, Indiana, the visiting No. 3 Army Cadets (or Black Knights) beat No. 4 Notre Dame, 14\u20132, and were voted No. 1 in the next poll. No. 6 Wisconsin, which beat Purdue 31\u20136, and No. 9 Michigan State, which beat Pittsburgh 22\u20138, rose in the polls, to put Big Ten schools at No. 3, No. 4 and No. 5. The poll:", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 45], "section_span": [47, 54], "content_span": [55, 552]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076137-0011-0000", "contents": "1958 NCAA University Division football season, October\nPoll: 1. Army 2. Auburn 3. Ohio State 4. Wisconsin 5. Michigan State", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 45], "section_span": [47, 54], "content_span": [55, 123]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076137-0012-0000", "contents": "1958 NCAA University Division football season, October\nOn October 18 at West Point, New York, No. 1 Army beat Virginia 35\u20136. No. 2 Auburn tied with Georgia Tech 7\u20137 in Atlanta and fell in the polls. No. 3 Ohio State beat Indiana 49\u20138. No. 4 Wisconsin lost to Iowa at home, 20\u20139, and No. 5 Michigan State began a five-game losing streak with a 14\u20136 defeat at Purdue. The Spartans would finish the season with a 3\u20135\u20131 record after starting 2\u20130\u20131. No. 7 Texas (24\u20136 over Arkansas) and No. 9 LSU (32\u20137 over Kentucky) rose in the polls.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 45], "section_span": [47, 54], "content_span": [55, 531]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076137-0013-0000", "contents": "1958 NCAA University Division football season, October\nPoll: 1. Army 2. Ohio State 3. LSU 4. Texas 5. Auburn", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 45], "section_span": [47, 54], "content_span": [55, 108]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076137-0014-0000", "contents": "1958 NCAA University Division football season, October\nOctober 25  For the top-ranked teams, a tie was only slightly better than a loss. No. 1 Army played to a 14\u201314 tie against the Panthers at Pittsburgh, and No. 2 Ohio State tied with Wisconsin at home 7\u20137. No. 3 LSU beat Florida 10\u20137, and the win was enough to propel it to first place. No. 4 Texas lost to the Rice Owls in Houston, 34\u20137. No. 5 Auburn beat Maryland at home, 20\u20137. No. 7 Iowa, which beat Northwestern 26\u201320, rose to 2nd in the next poll.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 45], "section_span": [47, 54], "content_span": [55, 507]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076137-0015-0000", "contents": "1958 NCAA University Division football season, October\nPoll: 1. LSU 2. Iowa 3. Army 4. Auburn 5. Ohio State", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 45], "section_span": [47, 54], "content_span": [55, 107]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076137-0016-0000", "contents": "1958 NCAA University Division football season, November\nNovember 1No. 1 LSU beat Ole Miss 14\u20130No. 2 Iowa won at Michigan, 37\u201314. No. 3 Army crushed Colgate, 68\u20136. No. 4 Auburn won 6\u20135 at Florida. In Columbus, No. 5 Ohio State was upset by visitingNo. 11 Northwestern, 21\u20130. The next poll was: 1. LSU 2. Iowa 3. Army 4. Northwestern 5. Auburn", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 45], "section_span": [47, 55], "content_span": [56, 341]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076137-0017-0000", "contents": "1958 NCAA University Division football season, November\nNovember 8No. 1 LSU beat Duke 50\u201318. No. 2 Iowa won at Minnesota 28\u20136. No. 3 Army beat the Rice Owls in Houston, 14\u20137. No. 4 Northwestern lost at Madison to No. 7 Wisconsin, 17\u201313. No. 5 Auburn beat Mississippi State 33\u201314 at home. The next poll was:  1. LSU 2. Iowa 3. Army 4. Auburn 5. Wisconsin", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 45], "section_span": [47, 55], "content_span": [56, 353]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076137-0018-0000", "contents": "1958 NCAA University Division football season, November\nNovember 15No. 1 LSU beat Mississippi State at Jackson 7\u20136. No. 2 Iowa lost at home to Ohio State 38\u201328. No. 3 Army beat Villanova 26\u20130. No. 4 Auburn met the Georgia Bulldogs halfway in Columbus, Georgia, and won 21\u20136. No. 5 Wisconsin. No. 6 Oklahoma, which beat Missouri 39\u20130, rose to 4th. The poll was: 1. LSU 2. Auburn 3. Army 4. Oklahoma 5. Wisconsin", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 45], "section_span": [47, 55], "content_span": [56, 410]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076137-0019-0000", "contents": "1958 NCAA University Division football season, November\nNovember 22 In New Orleans, the No. 1 LSU Tigers crushed Tulane 62\u20130, scoring 56 points in the second half, to close their season 10\u20130\u20130. They would face the Clemson Tigers in the Sugar Bowl. Behind them, were the No. 2 Auburn Tigers, who beat Wake Forest at home 21\u20137. No. 3 Army was idle as it prepared for the annual Army-Navy game. No. 4 Oklahoma crushed Nebraska 40\u20137. No. 5 Wisconsin beat Minnesota to close its season at 6\u20131\u20131. No. 6 Iowa, which beat Notre Dame 31\u201321, returned to the Top 5. 1. LSU 2. Auburn 3. Oklahoma 4. Iowa 5. Army", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 45], "section_span": [47, 55], "content_span": [56, 599]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076137-0020-0000", "contents": "1958 NCAA University Division football season, November\nOn November 29 No. 2 Auburn defeated Alabama 14\u20138 in Birmingham to finish its season at 9\u20130\u20131. No. 3 Oklahoma won at Oklahoma State 7\u20130. In Philadelphia, No. 5 Army beat Navy, 22\u20136, to finish its season 8\u20130\u20131.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 45], "section_span": [47, 55], "content_span": [56, 265]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076137-0021-0000", "contents": "1958 NCAA University Division football season, November\nThe final AP Poll was released on December 1, and the No. 1 LSU Tigers, at 10\u20130\u20130, won the AP Trophy with 130 of the first place votes. The other 73 votes were spread among 12 schools, including Rose Bowl bound No. 2 Iowa (17), No. 3 Army (13), No. 4 Auburn (9), No. 5 Oklahoma (10), No. 6 Air Force (2), No. 7 Wisconsin (13), No. 8 Ohio State (3), and No. 9 Syracuse Orangemen. The United States Air Force Academy football team, nicknamed the Falcons, had a 9\u20130\u20131 record in only their second year of playing college football, and accepted a bid to face Texas Christian University in the Cotton Bowl.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 45], "section_span": [47, 55], "content_span": [56, 656]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076137-0022-0000", "contents": "1958 NCAA University Division football season, Bowl games, Other bowls\nNotably, the Tangerine Bowl initially extended a bid to Buffalo. However, when the bowl organizers told the school that its two black players would not be allowed to play, the team unanimously voted to turn down the bid. The Bulls did not appear in a bowl game until a half century later in 2008.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 45], "section_span": [47, 70], "content_span": [71, 367]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076138-0000-0000", "contents": "1958 NFL Championship Game\nThe 1958 National Football League Championship Game was the 26th NFL championship game, played on December 28 at Yankee Stadium in New York City. It was the first NFL playoff game to be decided in sudden death overtime. The final score was Baltimore Colts 23, New York Giants 17, and the game has since become widely known as The Greatest Game Ever Played. Its legendary status in the pantheon of historic NFL games was again confirmed by a nationwide poll of 66\u00a0media members in 2019, who voted it the best game in the league's first 100\u00a0years.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [26, 26], "content_span": [27, 572]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076138-0001-0000", "contents": "1958 NFL Championship Game\nIt marked the beginning of the NFL's popularity surge and eventual rise to the top of the United States sports market. A major reason was that the game was televised across the nation by NBC. Baltimore receiver Raymond Berry recorded 12 receptions for 178 yards and a touchdown. His 12 receptions set a championship record that stood for 55 years until it was broken by Denver Broncos wide receiver Demaryius Thomas in Super Bowl XLVIII.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [26, 26], "content_span": [27, 464]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076138-0002-0000", "contents": "1958 NFL Championship Game, Background\nBoth teams finished the 1958 season with a 9\u20133 record. For the Giants, it was their fifth consecutive winning season, a stretch that included an NFL Championship in 1956. In contrast, 1958 was only the second winning season in Colts' history since the team's founding in 1953.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [28, 38], "content_span": [39, 315]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076138-0003-0000", "contents": "1958 NFL Championship Game, Background\nBaltimore started off the season winning their first six games before losing to New York, 24\u201321, in week 7 of the regular season. However, Colts starting quarterback Johnny Unitas was injured at the time and did not play in the game. Three weeks later, Unitas returned to lead the Colts to a critical come-from-behind win against Hall of Fame (and ex-Colt) quarterback Y. A. Tittle and his San Francisco 49ers. Trailing 27\u20137 at halftime, Baltimore stormed back with four unanswered touchdowns to win, 35\u201327, clinching the Western Conference championship. This allowed them to rest their starters for the final two games of the regular season, both on the road in California.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [28, 38], "content_span": [39, 713]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076138-0004-0000", "contents": "1958 NFL Championship Game, Background\nNew York started the season 2\u20132, then won seven of their last eight games, including a critical 19\u201317 win over the defending champion Detroit Lions on December 7. In that game, New York fell behind late when the offense lost a fumble that was returned for a touchdown. Later on, however, the Giants stopped Detroit punter Yale Lary on a fake punt attempt and drove for the go-ahead score. They then secured the win by blocking a Lions field goal attempt as time expired in the game.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [28, 38], "content_span": [39, 521]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076138-0004-0001", "contents": "1958 NFL Championship Game, Background\nIn the final game of the regular season, the Giants defeated the Cleveland Browns with Pat Summerall's game-winning 49-yard field goal on the final play (the longest field goal made in the entire season among all NFL kickers). The win enabled them to tie the Browns for the conference title, and though the Giants had won both games against Cleveland in the regular season, the rules of the time required a tiebreaker playoff game on December 21. At Yankee Stadium in 20\u00a0\u00b0F (\u22127\u00a0\u00b0C) weather, the Giants defeated the Browns for a third time in a shut out, building a 10\u20130 lead at the half, which was the final score.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [28, 38], "content_span": [39, 653]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076138-0005-0000", "contents": "1958 NFL Championship Game, Background\nAfter clinching their conference title on November 30, the Colts rested key players in the final two games, road losses in California. While Cleveland and New York played the Eastern tiebreaker game, Baltimore had the week off and entered the championship game as 3\u00bd point favorites to gain their first league title.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [28, 38], "content_span": [39, 355]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076138-0006-0000", "contents": "1958 NFL Championship Game, Game summary\nThe two teams combined for six turnovers in the first half (three on each side), with the Colts converting two fumbles by the Giants into touchdown drives to take a 14\u20133 lead at the half. After averting a three-score deficit thanks to a goal-line stand in the third quarter, the Giants rallied on consecutive touchdown drives to take a 17\u201314 lead early in the fourth quarter.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [28, 40], "content_span": [41, 416]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076138-0007-0000", "contents": "1958 NFL Championship Game, Game summary\nIn the last two minutes of the game, Johnny Unitas led the Colts on a drive which concluded on a 20-yard field goal (the Colts' first in three attempts) with only seven seconds left on the clock to tie the game at 17\u201317. In the ensuing sudden-death overtime, the Giants went three-and-out, which included a controversial third-down run by Frank Gifford that was marked just inches short of a first down. After getting the ball back on a punt, the Colts again drove down the field \u2014 this time for a touchdown, to win 23\u201317.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [28, 40], "content_span": [41, 563]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076138-0008-0000", "contents": "1958 NFL Championship Game, Game summary, First half\nThe game got off to a rough start for both teams. On Baltimore's first drive, New York linebacker Sam Huff forced a fumble while sacking Johnny Unitas. Defensive back Jimmy Patton recovered the ball at the Colts 37. One play later, Baltimore took the ball back when defensive end Gino Marchetti forced a recovered fumble from quarterback Don Heinrich. But all the Colts managed to do with their next drive was lose another turnover when a Unitas pass was picked off by Lindon Crow. After forcing a punt, Unitas completed a 60-yard pass to Lenny Moore at the Giants' 26-yard line. But Baltimore's drive was halted at the 19 and Steve Myhra's field goal attempt was blocked by Huff.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [28, 52], "content_span": [53, 733]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076138-0009-0000", "contents": "1958 NFL Championship Game, Game summary, First half\nOn the Giants' next drive, Heinrich was replaced by Charley Conerly for the rest of the game. New York then drove to the Colts' 30-yard line, featuring a 38-yard run by Frank Gifford.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [28, 52], "content_span": [53, 236]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076138-0010-0000", "contents": "1958 NFL Championship Game, Game summary, First half\nOn third down, Conerly threw a pass to wide-open fullback Alex Webster, but he slipped before the ball arrived and it fell incomplete. Pat Summerall then kicked a 36-yard field goal to put New York on the board. In the second quarter, Baltimore defensive end Ray Krouse recovered a fumble from Gifford to set up a 2-yard touchdown run by Colts running back Alan Ameche. On their next drive, New York got a big scoring opportunity when they recovered a fumbled punt from Jackie Simpson on the Colts' 10-yard line.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [28, 52], "content_span": [53, 565]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076138-0010-0001", "contents": "1958 NFL Championship Game, Game summary, First half\nBut a few plays later, Gifford fumbled again, and Baltimore lineman Don Joyce recovered on his own 14. The Colts subsequently drove 86 yards in 15 plays, including a 16-yard scramble by Unitas on 3rd and 7, to score on Unitas' 15-yard touchdown pass to Raymond Berry, giving them a 14\u20133 halftime lead.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [28, 52], "content_span": [53, 354]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076138-0011-0000", "contents": "1958 NFL Championship Game, Game summary, First half\nThat fumble by Gifford and the fumble later were forced by defensive back Milt Davis of the Colts\u2014despite playing with two broken bones in his right foot\u2014and both led to touchdowns for the Colts.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [28, 52], "content_span": [53, 248]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076138-0012-0000", "contents": "1958 NFL Championship Game, Game summary, Second half\nEarly in the third quarter, Baltimore reached the New York 1-yard line. But on third down, Ameche was stopped for no gain, and the Colts turned it over on downs after Ameche was tackled trying to go wide at the 5-yard line on a great play by linebacker Cliff Livingston, on a fourth-down halfback option play. It was a huge reversal of momentum.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [28, 53], "content_span": [54, 399]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076138-0013-0000", "contents": "1958 NFL Championship Game, Game summary, Second half\nThe Giants then went 95-yards in just four plays, scoring on Mel Triplett's 1-yard touchdown run to cut the lead to 4, with a score of 14\u201310.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [28, 53], "content_span": [54, 195]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076138-0013-0001", "contents": "1958 NFL Championship Game, Game summary, Second half\nThe drive was highlighted by an unforgettable 86-yard pass play from deep within the Giants own territory at the closed end of the stadium: Quarterback Charlie Conerly threw to Kyle Rote downfield left-to-right across the middle where Rote then broke an arm tackle at about mid-field; then Rote fumbled when hit from behind at the Colts 25, but Webster, who was trailing the play, picked up the ball and ran it all the way to the 1-yard line where he was knocked out of bounds.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [28, 53], "content_span": [54, 531]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076138-0014-0000", "contents": "1958 NFL Championship Game, Game summary, Second half\nThe Giants took a 17\u201314 lead early in the fourth quarter with Conerly's 46-yard completion to tight end Bob Schnelker setting up his 15-yard touchdown pass to Gifford. On both of Baltimore's next drives, they moved the ball into scoring range but came up empty both times. First, they drove to the Giants' 39-yard line, only to have Bert Rechichar miss a 46-yard field goal. Then they got the ball back on the New York 42 following a fumble recovery by Joyce. But after driving to the 27-yard line, Unitas was sacked twice in a row (once by Andy Robustelli and once by Dick Modzelewski), moving the ball back 20 yards and pushing the Colts out of field goal range.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [28, 53], "content_span": [54, 718]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076138-0015-0000", "contents": "1958 NFL Championship Game, Game summary, Second half\nFaced with fourth down and inches on their own 40-yard on their ensuing drive, New York decided to punt with a little over two minutes left in the game (on the third-down play before the punt, Marchetti was knocked out of the game with a broken ankle. He refused to leave for medical treatment and watched the rest of the game sitting up on a stretcher on the sidelines). The Colts took over at their own 14-yard line and Unitas engineered one of the most famous drives in football history\u2014a 2-minute drill before anyone called it that.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [28, 53], "content_span": [54, 590]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076138-0015-0001", "contents": "1958 NFL Championship Game, Game summary, Second half\nAfter starting the drive with two incompletions, Unitas made a critical 11-yard completion to Moore on third down. Following one more incompletion, he threw three consecutive passes to Berry, moving the ball 62 yards to the Giants' 13-yard line. This set up a 20-yard tying field goal by Myhra with seven seconds left to send the game into sudden-death overtime\u2014the first overtime game in NFL playoff history.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [28, 53], "content_span": [54, 463]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076138-0016-0000", "contents": "1958 NFL Championship Game, Game summary, Overtime\nDon Maynard received the opening kickoff for the Giants and muffed the catch, but recovered it on the Giants 20-yard line. Even in his autobiography You Can't Catch Sunshine, Maynard states that he was not only disappointed in the botched attempt, but also at the commentators for saying he fumbled the ball due to their lack of knowledge of football and its terminology by not knowing the difference between a fumble and muffing the ball. After a three-and-out series, the Giants punted.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [28, 50], "content_span": [51, 539]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076138-0016-0001", "contents": "1958 NFL Championship Game, Game summary, Overtime\nOn their ensuing drive, Baltimore drove 80 yards in 13 plays (all called by QB Johnny Unitas) on a tired NY defense. Ameche made several critical plays on the drive, catching an 8-yard pass on 3rd and 8 from the Colts 33, and later rushing 22 yards to the Giants 20-yard line. Berry also made a big impact, catching two passes for 33 yards, including a 12-yard reception on the New York 8. Following a 1-yard run by Ameche and a 6-yard catch by the tight end Jim Mutscheller, Ameche scored on a third-down 1-yard touchdown run with 6:45 left to win the game, 23\u201317.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [28, 50], "content_span": [51, 616]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076138-0017-0000", "contents": "1958 NFL Championship Game, Game summary, Overtime\nDuring overtime, when the Colts were on the eight-yard line of the Giants, someone ran out onto the field of Yankee Stadium, causing the game to be delayed; rumors have stated that it was an NBC employee who was ordered to create a distraction because the national television feed had gone dead. The difficulty was the result of an unplugged TV signal cable, and the delay in the game bought NBC enough time to fix the problem before the next play.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [28, 50], "content_span": [51, 499]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076138-0018-0000", "contents": "1958 NFL Championship Game, Officials\nThe NFL had five game officials in 1958; the line judge was added in 1965 and the side judge in 1978.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [28, 37], "content_span": [38, 139]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076138-0019-0000", "contents": "1958 NFL Championship Game, Players' shares\nThe gross receipts for the game, including $200,000 for radio and television rights, were over $698,000, the highest to date. Each player on the winning Colts team received $4,718, while Giants players made $3,111 each.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [28, 43], "content_span": [44, 263]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076138-0020-0000", "contents": "1958 NFL Championship Game, Players in the Hall of Fame\nSeventeen individuals (including coaches and administration) who were involved in this game are members of the Pro Football Hall of Fame. They are:", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [28, 55], "content_span": [56, 203]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076138-0021-0000", "contents": "1958 NFL Championship Game, Aftermath, Baltimore Colts\nBaltimore head coach Weeb Ewbank led the Colts to a second straight championship game win over New York the next season. He was fired from the Colts after the 1962 season (7\u20137), and moved to the AFL's New York Jets, formerly Titans, in 1963. In the 1968 season, Ewbank led the AFL champion Jets to victory over the Colts in Super Bowl III, also considered a monumental victory in the history of pro football.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [28, 54], "content_span": [55, 463]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076138-0022-0000", "contents": "1958 NFL Championship Game, Aftermath, Baltimore Colts\nUnitas led the Colts to the Super Bowl V championship after the 1970 season and remained with the franchise through 1972.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [28, 54], "content_span": [55, 176]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076138-0023-0000", "contents": "1958 NFL Championship Game, Aftermath, New York Giants\nThe Giants head coach was Jim Lee Howell, and he was aided by two coordinators who went on to greatness themselves. The defensive coordinator was Tom Landry, who left the team in 1960 to take over the expansion Dallas Cowboys. He led them to two Super Bowl championships in the 1970s, and was the runner-up in two NFL championship games (1966, 1967) and three Super Bowls in his three decades as head coach. The offensive coordinator was Vince Lombardi, who left the team following the game to take the head coaching position with the Green Bay Packers in January 1959.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [28, 54], "content_span": [55, 624]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076138-0023-0001", "contents": "1958 NFL Championship Game, Aftermath, New York Giants\nLombardi led the Packers to five championships in the 1960s, including the first two Super Bowls, and had the Super Bowl Trophy named after him after his death. In order to advance to both of those Super Bowls, Lombardi's Packers needed to defeat Landry's Cowboys in the 1966 and 1967 NFL championship games.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [28, 54], "content_span": [55, 363]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076138-0024-0000", "contents": "1958 NFL Championship Game, Aftermath, New York Giants\nNew York's fortunes would take a turn for the worse after this game. They made it to the NFL championship game four times over the next five seasons, but lost each one, including a loss to the Colts in 1959. They would not win their next playoff game until the 1981 postseason.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [28, 54], "content_span": [55, 332]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076138-0025-0000", "contents": "1958 NFL Championship Game, Legacy, Popularity of pro football\nAn estimated 45 million people watched the game on television in the United States. This audience could have been even greater except that because of NFL restrictions, the game was blacked out in the greater New York City area. Still, the impact from this game is far reaching. A year later, Texas billionaire Lamar Hunt formed the American Football League, which began play with eight teams in the 1960 season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [28, 62], "content_span": [63, 474]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076138-0025-0001", "contents": "1958 NFL Championship Game, Legacy, Popularity of pro football\nThe growth of the popularity of the sport, through franchise expansion, the eventual merger with the AFL, and popularity on television, is commonly credited to this game, making it a turning point in the history of football. NFL Commissioner Pete Rozelle was said by Giants owner Wellington Mara to have\u00a0attributed professional football's surge in popularity to the game, because it \"happened just at that time, in that season, and it happened in New York\".", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [28, 62], "content_span": [63, 520]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076138-0026-0000", "contents": "1958 NFL Championship Game, Legacy, Two-minute drill\nThe drive by Baltimore at the end of regulation, with Unitas leading the team quickly down the field to set up the game-tying field goal, is often cited as the first instance of a \"two-minute drill\", for which Unitas became famous.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [28, 52], "content_span": [53, 284]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076138-0027-0000", "contents": "1958 NFL Championship Game, Legacy, Overtime games\nThe game is, to date, one of only two NFL championship games\u2014the other being Super Bowl LI\u2014ever decided in overtime (the 1962 AFL Championship Game also went into overtime and eventually double overtime). In Super Bowl LI the New England Patriots beat the Atlanta Falcons, 34\u201328, just 3:58 into the overtime period.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [28, 50], "content_span": [51, 366]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076138-0028-0000", "contents": "1958 NFL Championship Game, Legacy, Overtime games\nAs Unitas later stated, the players had never heard of overtime before the game. \"When the game ended in a tie, we were standing on the sidelines waiting to see what came next. All of a sudden, the officials came over and said, 'Send the captain out. We're going to flip a coin to see who will receive.' That was the first we heard of the overtime period.\"", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [28, 50], "content_span": [51, 407]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076138-0028-0001", "contents": "1958 NFL Championship Game, Legacy, Overtime games\nAn NFL preseason exhibition game played three years earlier in Portland, Oregon, had been settled by a sudden-death overtime, but this was the first time an NFL game of any significance needed overtime to determine a winner. Bert Bell, the commissioner of the NFL, had just implemented the sudden-death overtime rule for this game.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [28, 50], "content_span": [51, 382]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076138-0029-0000", "contents": "1958 NFL Championship Game, Legacy, 50th Anniversary\nWriter Mark Bowden, at the urging of his editor Morgan Entrekin, set out to write a book about the game in 2006, looking ahead to the 50th anniversary. Bowden credited Sports Illustrated writer Tex Maule with the \"best game ever\" phrase which he chose for his book title. Eagles' coach Andy Reid helped him analyze the film footage he was able to secure.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [28, 52], "content_span": [53, 407]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076138-0029-0001", "contents": "1958 NFL Championship Game, Legacy, 50th Anniversary\nBowden said that while many who played in the game whom he interviewed (particularly Giants) maybe quibbled with the \"best\" characterization, they, \"to a man, remark[ed] on how radically the popularity of the game jumped after that season.\" Bowden dedicated his book to David Halberstam. Halberstam's book The Fifties provided source information and context for The Best Game Ever, and Halberstam's sports books also were inspiring to Bowden.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [28, 52], "content_span": [53, 495]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076138-0029-0002", "contents": "1958 NFL Championship Game, Legacy, 50th Anniversary\nWhen asked about any insight writing the book had given him, Bowden remarked in part, \"I wonder, if you got a group of New York Giants from 2006 or \u201907 together 50 years from now, whether you would get the same sort of hilarity and knee-slapping comradeship that you find still exists among these [surviving 1958-game-veteran] players.\"", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [28, 52], "content_span": [53, 389]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076138-0030-0000", "contents": "1958 NFL Championship Game, Legacy, 50th Anniversary\nESPN presented this game to a national audience on December 13, 2008. This presentation is a two-hour documentary which includes restored footage with colorization as well as a living room approach which included players past and present and fans. This was put together by ESPN Films and NFL Films. Expert Jeffrey Muttart was asked to reconstruct the controversial call on the field, and after research and utilization of today's technology, he denied the Giants' first down (therefore, the call made by the officials was correct).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [28, 52], "content_span": [53, 584]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076138-0031-0000", "contents": "1958 NFL Championship Game, Final statistics\nSource:The NFL's Official Encyclopedic History of Professional Football, (1973), p.\u00a0111, Macmillan Publishing Co. New York, NY, LCCN 73-3862", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [28, 44], "content_span": [45, 185]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076139-0000-0000", "contents": "1958 NFL Draft\nThe 1958 National Football League draft had its first four rounds held on December 2, 1957, and its final twenty-six rounds on January 28, 1958. Both sessions were held at the Warwick Hotel in Philadelphia. This was the final year in which the \"lottery bonus\" pick was used.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [14, 14], "content_span": [15, 289]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076140-0000-0000", "contents": "1958 NFL playoffs\nThe 1958 National Football League season resulted in a tie for the Eastern Conference championship between the Cleveland Browns and the New York Giants, requiring a one-game playoff to be held between them. This conference championship game was played on December 21, 1958, at Yankee Stadium. The winner of that game then hosted the Baltimore Colts on December 28.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [17, 17], "content_span": [18, 382]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076141-0000-0000", "contents": "1958 NFL season\nThe 1958 NFL season was the 39th regular season of the National Football League.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 15], "section_span": [15, 15], "content_span": [16, 96]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076141-0001-0000", "contents": "1958 NFL season\nThe Baltimore Colts defeated the New York Giants, 23\u201317, in the first sudden-death overtime in an NFL Championship Game. The game became known to American football fans as \"The Greatest Game Ever Played.\"", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 15], "section_span": [15, 15], "content_span": [16, 220]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076141-0002-0000", "contents": "1958 NFL season, Draft\nThe 1958 NFL Draft was held on December 2, 1957 and January 28, 1958 at Philadelphia's Warwick Hotel. With the first pick, the Chicago Cardinals selected quarterback King Hill from Rice University.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 15], "section_span": [17, 22], "content_span": [23, 220]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076141-0003-0000", "contents": "1958 NFL season, Regular season, Highlights\nThe 1958 season is regarded as a watershed year in which the popularity of professional football in the United States began to rival that of baseball in the public imagination. \"Professional football was beyond coming of age in 1958,\" one writer enthused, \"it was on an even plane with baseball as the game of the people.\"", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 15], "section_span": [17, 43], "content_span": [44, 366]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076141-0004-0000", "contents": "1958 NFL season, Regular season, Highlights\nStadium attendance was robust throughout the league, with crowds in excess of 100,000 twice filling the Los Angeles Coliseum to see the Los Angeles Rams, while the Detroit Lions managed to sell a staggering 42,000 season tickets in advance of the 1958 campaign, ensuring home sellouts at Briggs Stadium.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 15], "section_span": [17, 43], "content_span": [44, 347]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076141-0005-0000", "contents": "1958 NFL season, Regular season, Highlights\nAt the other end of the attendance spectrum, the Chicago Cardinals faltered with the live gate, overshadowed again by the legendary Bears. The team ultimately moved two of their home games for 1959 to Minneapolis before permanently departing for St. Louis the following year. Similarly, the Pittsburgh Steelers were disappointed with their attendance in their new home at Schenley Field, which proved difficult to access and provided a particularly windy and inhospitable place to watch a game. The team sought to remedy its problems by opting out of its two year lease.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 15], "section_span": [17, 43], "content_span": [44, 614]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076141-0006-0000", "contents": "1958 NFL season, Regular season, Highlights\nCleveland Browns running back Jim Brown electrified football fans around the league by gaining more than 1,500 yards on 257 carries, an average of 5.9 yards per carry. The powerful Cleveland runner smashed the previous NFL record of 1,146 yards in a 12 game season, set by Steve Van Buren in 1949. He also nearly doubled the total of the second leading ground-gainer of 1958, fullback Alan Ameche of the Baltimore Colts. Brown's 17 touchdowns scored similarly dwarfed the tallies of any other player, with Colts end Raymond Berry second on the list with 9 scores.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 15], "section_span": [17, 43], "content_span": [44, 607]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076141-0007-0000", "contents": "1958 NFL season, Regular season, Highlights\nYoung wide receiver Del Shofner of the Los Angeles Rams led all receivers with 1,097 yards gained on 51 catches \u2014 a bountiful average of 21.5 yards per completion. Baltimore quarterback Johnny Unitas made use of a plethora of offensive weapons, connecting with halfback Lenny Moore for nearly 950 yards and wide out Ray Berry for nearly 800 more, leading the league with 2,875 yards passing. Unitas' interception percentage of 2.7% was also a league low among starting quarterbacks. San Francisco 49ers QB John Brodie led the league with a completion percentage of 59.9%.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 15], "section_span": [17, 43], "content_span": [44, 615]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076141-0008-0000", "contents": "1958 NFL season, Regular season, Highlights\nOn the defensive side of the ball, defensive back James Patton of the New York Giants lead the league with 11 interceptions in the 12 game season, followed by Pittsburgh Steelers defender Jack Butler with 9. Quarterback sacks were not an official statistic in this era, but the league-low 183 points allowed by the New York Giants (15.25 per game) give testimony to the stoutness of their defensive unit.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 15], "section_span": [17, 43], "content_span": [44, 448]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076141-0009-0000", "contents": "1958 NFL season, Regular season, Conference races\nThe 1958 Colts\u2013Giants title game was a milestone in the popularity of pro football, but the Giants almost did not qualify. The Cleveland Browns led the Eastern Conference title race up until the final week. On December 14, the 9\u20132 Browns visited the 8\u20133 Giants. As a snowstorm swept over Yankee Stadium, the Browns' 10\u20133 lead gave way to a 10\u201310 tie game on Frank Gifford's pass to Bob Schnelker, which would still have suited Cleveland. The Giants' Pat Summerall missed a 31-yard field goal with 4\u00bd minutes left. With two minutes to play, Summerall had another opportunity from 49 yards out, in inclement weather and connected for a 13\u201310 win. The Browns and Giants finished with 9\u20133 records, and in the playoff the next week, the Giants won again at Yankee Stadium, 10\u20130.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 15], "section_span": [17, 49], "content_span": [50, 823]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076141-0010-0000", "contents": "1958 NFL season, Regular season, Conference races\nThe Western Conference race was over after ten games, with the Colts at 9\u20131, and the Bears and Rams mathematically eliminated at 6\u20134. The Colts lost their final two games on the road in California to finish at 9\u20133, a game ahead of Chicago and Los Angeles.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 15], "section_span": [17, 49], "content_span": [50, 305]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076141-0011-0000", "contents": "1958 NFL season, Regular season, Conference races\nThe Green Bay Packers finished with a league-worst record of 1\u201310\u20131 and hired Vince Lombardi, offensive coach of the Giants, as head coach in January 1959. Philadelphia finished tied for worst in the East, at 2\u20139\u20131. Two years later, both the Eagles and Packers would play for the championship.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 15], "section_span": [17, 49], "content_span": [50, 343]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076141-0012-0000", "contents": "1958 NFL season, Final standings\nNote: Tie games were not officially counted in the standings until 1972.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 15], "section_span": [17, 32], "content_span": [33, 105]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076142-0000-0000", "contents": "1958 NSWRFL season\nThe 1958 NSWRFL season was the 51st season of the New South Wales Rugby Football League, Australia's first rugby league football competition. Ten teams from across Sydney competed for the J. J. Giltinan Shield during the season, which culminated in a grand final between St. George and Western Suburbs.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 18], "section_span": [18, 18], "content_span": [19, 321]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076142-0001-0000", "contents": "1958 NSWRFL season, Season summary\nHaving been wooden spooners in 1955, Wests embarked on a massive spending spree to recruit internationals Harry Wells, Kel O'Shea, Arthur Summons, Dick Poole, Darcy Henry and Ian Moir over a five-year period. The fruits of this labour began to show in 1958 when they finished in second place for the minor premiership and posed a challenge to St. George in the finals.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 18], "section_span": [20, 34], "content_span": [35, 403]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076142-0002-0000", "contents": "1958 NSWRFL season, Season summary\nHarry Bath was the competition's leading goal scorer in 1958, with his St George teammate Eddie Lumsden the leading try scorer. Bath shattered the Dragons club's point scoring record with 225 season points from three tries and 108 goals.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 18], "section_span": [20, 34], "content_span": [35, 272]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076142-0003-0000", "contents": "1958 NSWRFL season, Season summary\nNineteen-year-old Reg Gasnier, later to be honoured as one of the Australian game's Immortals, made his Third Grade debut in 1958 and was immediately noticed, regularly scoring length-of-the-field tries.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 18], "section_span": [20, 34], "content_span": [35, 238]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076142-0004-0000", "contents": "1958 NSWRFL season, Season summary\nThe 1958 season also saw the retirement from the League of future Australian Rugby League Hall of Fame inductee, Clive Churchill.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 18], "section_span": [20, 34], "content_span": [35, 164]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076142-0005-0000", "contents": "1958 NSWRFL season, Finals\nThe developing Western Suburbs side which would become such a force at the beginning of the 1960s, was already building around the class of internationals Keith \"Yappy\" Holman, Harry \"Dealer\" Wells, Kel \"Twigs\" O'Shea along with their hard men Neville \"Boxhead\" Charlton, Mark Patch and fiery nineteen-year-old Peter Dimond. With a simple game plan of \"retaliate first\", the Magpies' aggression in the semi-final stunned St George who were coming off a coasting run through the end of the season. In spite of having beaten Wests twice in the regular season, the Dragons were mauled by them 34\u201310 in the major-semi final with Dimond dominating his opposite five-eighth Peter Carroll and forcing the Dragons to a sudden death final against Balmain for the right to defend their title.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 18], "section_span": [20, 26], "content_span": [27, 809]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076142-0006-0000", "contents": "1958 NSWRFL season, Finals\nThe lessons from this loss sat heavily with St George \u2013 how an early forward onslaught designed to knock the spirit of the rival pack could determine the course of the entire game. For the next eight years, in all of their finals appearances, the Dragons would play a deliberate tactic of giving the opposition the ball in the first fifteen minutes and setting about demoralising them with brutal defence.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 18], "section_span": [20, 26], "content_span": [27, 432]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076142-0007-0000", "contents": "1958 NSWRFL season, Finals, Grand Final\nIn an effort to negate Peter Dimond, Saints dropped Peter Carroll for the Grand Final, selecting lock and hard hitting defender, Brian Clay at five-eighth. From the kick-off, the record crowd saw a furious St George team lay into Wests. High tackles and punches were the order of the day and referee Darcy Lawler penalised the Dragons seventeen times to Wests seven.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 18], "section_span": [20, 39], "content_span": [40, 406]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076142-0008-0000", "contents": "1958 NSWRFL season, Finals, Grand Final\nWests were unable to counter the onslaught which saw a ruthless Dragon defence advancing upon them at every opportunity although the score remained close for most of the match. Eventually with the Magpies subdued, Norm Provan and Bob Bugden cut loose, with Provan scoring two tries and Bugden snatching an intercept try near the end. Saints won the fight, and the match. For eighty minutes Clay was all over Dimond who ended the match dazed and bleeding.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 18], "section_span": [20, 39], "content_span": [40, 494]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076142-0009-0000", "contents": "1958 NSWRFL season, Finals, Grand Final\nThe Sydney Morning Herald described the match as the most \u201csavage\u201d game of the season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 18], "section_span": [20, 39], "content_span": [40, 126]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076142-0010-0000", "contents": "1958 NSWRFL season, Finals, Grand Final\nSt George 20 (Tries: N. Provan 2, Bugden, Lumsden. Goals: Bath 4.)", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 18], "section_span": [20, 39], "content_span": [40, 106]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076142-0011-0000", "contents": "1958 NSWRFL season, Great Britain Lions Tour\nFrom May until August, the Great Britain Lions toured Australia and New Zealand. In Australia they played the three Test Ashes series against Australia as well as games against various sides including Sydney Firsts, New South Wales and a Sydney Representative Colts side that featured a young Reg Gasnier.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 18], "section_span": [20, 44], "content_span": [45, 350]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076142-0012-0000", "contents": "1958 NSWRFL season, Great Britain Lions Tour\nThe team was coached by Jim Brough and was captained was Alan Prescott.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 18], "section_span": [20, 44], "content_span": [45, 116]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076142-0013-0000", "contents": "1958 NSWRFL season, Great Britain Lions Tour\nNote: Other than the Ashes Tests, only games in NSW listed", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 18], "section_span": [20, 44], "content_span": [45, 103]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076143-0000-0000", "contents": "1958 National Challenge Cup\nThe 1958 National Challenge Cup was the 45th edition of the United States Soccer Football Association's annual open soccer championship.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [27, 27], "content_span": [28, 164]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076144-0000-0000", "contents": "1958 National Invitation Tournament\nThe 1958 National Invitation Tournament was the 1958 edition of the annual NCAA college basketball competition.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [35, 35], "content_span": [36, 147]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076144-0001-0000", "contents": "1958 National Invitation Tournament, Selected teams\nBelow is a list of the 12 teams selected for the tournament.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 51], "content_span": [52, 112]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076145-0000-0000", "contents": "1958 Navy Midshipmen football team\nThe 1958 Navy Midshipmen football team represented the United States Naval Academy (USNA) as an independent during the 1958 NCAA University Division football season. They began the season ranked 7th in the pre-season AP Poll. The team was led by ninth-year head coach Eddie Erdelatz.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [34, 34], "content_span": [35, 318]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076146-0000-0000", "contents": "1958 Nebraska Cornhuskers football team\nThe 1958 Nebraska Cornhuskers football team was the representative of the University of Nebraska and member of the Big 7 Conference in the 1958 NCAA University Division football season. The team was coached by Bill Jennings and played their home games at Memorial Stadium in Lincoln, Nebraska.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [39, 39], "content_span": [40, 333]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076146-0001-0000", "contents": "1958 Nebraska Cornhuskers football team, Before the season\nNebraska was reeling from the 1957 season that saw a new all-time low mark set when the Cornhuskers finished 1\u20139\u20130, which was the first 1-win season since 1899, and the first ever 9-loss season. Coach Jennings began the second year of his first head coaching job with few places to go but up, but led a young squad with only six seniors. The 1958 schedule was loaded with powerhouse teams from the east, every bit as difficult as the 1957 slate had been, so the task to succeed over last year would not be an easy one.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 58], "content_span": [59, 577]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076146-0002-0000", "contents": "1958 Nebraska Cornhuskers football team, Game summaries, Penn State\nA shocked home field crowd watched in utter amazement as the highly ranked Nittany Lions were picked apart by the Cornhuskers. The media overwhelmingly had predicted a smashing Penn State victory, but the Nebraska team came out on fire and held Penn State off the scoreboard until the 4th quarter. A 91-yard kickoff return by Cornhusker HB Pat Fischer made the difference in the game's final seven-point margin. Nebraska still lagged behind the Nittany Lions 2\u20134 all time.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 67], "content_span": [68, 540]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076146-0003-0000", "contents": "1958 Nebraska Cornhuskers football team, Game summaries, Purdue\nIn a complete turnaround of fortunes, the traveling Cornhuskers were overrun by a relentless Purdue attack and could not produce any offensive yardage of value. Two lost fumbles and an interception contributed to the lopsided loss as Nebraska was blanked under the weight of four Boilermaker touchdowns. This was the first meeting of these teams.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 63], "content_span": [64, 410]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076146-0004-0000", "contents": "1958 Nebraska Cornhuskers football team, Game summaries, Iowa State\nIowa State's bid to take a second straight game from the Cornhuskers was denied as the final minutes ticked away. Down 0\u20136 after an earlier Cyclone touchdown and blocked point after, Nebraska finally punched in a touchdown of their own shortly before time expired. The Cornhusker kick after was good, sending the Cyclones home with their 42nd loss in the 52-game series.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 67], "content_span": [68, 438]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076146-0005-0000", "contents": "1958 Nebraska Cornhuskers football team, Game summaries, Kansas State\nPlagued by injuries, Nebraska was unsuccessful in attempts to slow the Kansas State offensive plan. The Cornhuskers narrowly avoided the shutout only by an interception returned for a touchdown. The Wildcats enjoyed their relatively rare victory, their 8th in 42 attempts, with the knowledge that it was also marked the 200th all-time program loss suffered by the Cornhuskers.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 69], "content_span": [70, 446]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076146-0006-0000", "contents": "1958 Nebraska Cornhuskers football team, Game summaries, Syracuse\nFollowing the loss to Kansas State and still not fully recovered from early season injuries, Nebraska traveled to Syracuse with third-stringers starting in some positions. The imbalance in experience showed as the Orangemen had little difficulty running away with the game in a 38\u20130 blanking of the Cornhuskers. The win moved Syracuse ahead in the series, to 5\u20134\u20130.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 65], "content_span": [66, 431]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076146-0007-0000", "contents": "1958 Nebraska Cornhuskers football team, Game summaries, Colorado\nThe Cornhuskers were struggling to find some success on the field to show for their efforts, but faced a stiff road test when visiting #12 Colorado in Boulder. Against expectations, Nebraska blocked two punts and capitalized on three turnovers to lead the Buffaloes for the first three quarters, putting a good scare into the crowd. However, the Cornhuskers finally gave way in the final quarter and allowed Colorado to surge ahead and take the game. It was Nebraska's third straight loss to the Buffaloes as their series lead slipped to just 9\u20138\u20130.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 65], "content_span": [66, 615]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076146-0008-0000", "contents": "1958 Nebraska Cornhuskers football team, Game summaries, Missouri\nNebraska suffered yet another demoralizing loss as the Tigers arrived in Lincoln and handed another shutout defeat to the Cornhuskers, their third of the season. The homecoming crowd was never a factor, as the Nebraska offense never seemed to find a spark. The best Nebraska performance of the day was the kicking game, made necessary for lack of first down production. Missouri narrowed the series to 20\u201328\u20133 and kept the Missouri-Nebraska Victory Bell in Columbia.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 65], "content_span": [66, 532]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076146-0009-0000", "contents": "1958 Nebraska Cornhuskers football team, Game summaries, Kansas\nThe game was somewhat closer than the final score indicated, as Nebraska drew within five yards of a touchdown on two occasions before being turned away. The Jayhawks were not impressed by statistical victories and had little difficulty defeating the Cornhuskers by 22 points in Lawrence, though their series record was still far behind Nebraska at 15\u201346\u20133. It was Nebraska's fifth straight loss, which would've tied the program's all-time loss streak record had it not just been broken by the seven-game skid set in the previous year.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 63], "content_span": [64, 599]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076146-0010-0000", "contents": "1958 Nebraska Cornhuskers football team, Game summaries, Pittsburgh\nThe downtrodden Cornhuskers, now 2\u20136 and watching their season slip away into disappointment, had every reason to just lay down in front of #14 Pittsburgh. For some reason, the Panthers held a commanding dominance over Nebraska year in and year out, owning the series at 15\u20133\u20133 heading into this game. Perhaps it was this circumstance that might have caused the Panthers to overlook the Cornhuskers, but once on the field it was the Pittsburgh players suddenly on their heels.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 67], "content_span": [68, 544]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076146-0010-0001", "contents": "1958 Nebraska Cornhuskers football team, Game summaries, Pittsburgh\nThe Cornhuskers played a stellar contest, holding the lead through the entire game and not allowing the Panthers to get their single touchdown until the fourth quarter on a long pass completion. Though dominated by their fellow conference opponents this year, the Cornhuskers were now 2\u20132 in nonconference play against major eastern teams, and the rare win against the rival Panthers was savored by all.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 67], "content_span": [68, 471]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076146-0011-0000", "contents": "1958 Nebraska Cornhuskers football team, Game summaries, Oklahoma\nIf Pittsburgh allowed themselves to overlook and then get stunned by Nebraska, the #4 Sooners took note and ensured the same fate did not befall their team in the annual Nebraska-Oklahoma game. By the end of the first quarter, Oklahoma already had put in three touchdowns, and they never looked back. The Cornhuskers avoided the shutout only by returning an interception 89\u00a0yards to score. The loss to Oklahoma was the 16th straight allowed by Nebraska, and was Oklahoma's 71st consecutive conference win. Oklahoma went on to finish #5 in the AP Poll and then defeated Syracuse 21\u20136 in the 1959 Orange Bowl.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 65], "content_span": [66, 673]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076146-0012-0000", "contents": "1958 Nebraska Cornhuskers football team, After the season\nIt wasn't easy to determine if 1958 was a successful season or another failure. Coach Jennings had improved over last year's dismal 1\u20139\u20130 outing, but only to 3\u20137\u20130 and a 6th-place finish in the Big 7. On the other hand, surprise upset wins against Syracuse and especially against Pittsburgh were remarkable bright spots on an otherwise dreary year. These two unexpected wins may have played a part in Jennings being given additional time to see if he could turn the program around. Now with two years on the job, Coach Jennings had compiled a dismal 4\u201316\u20130 (.200) career record, with an even worse 2\u201310\u20130 (.167) history within the conference. Nebraska's overall program record slipped for the 8th straight year, to 355\u2013205\u201334 (.626), with a Big 7 record now down to 148\u201368\u201312 (.689).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 57], "content_span": [58, 841]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076147-0000-0000", "contents": "1958 Nebraska gubernatorial election\nThe 1958 Nebraska gubernatorial election was held on November 4, 1958, and featured school superintendent Ralph G. Brooks, a Democrat, defeating incumbent Republican Governor Victor E. Anderson.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [36, 36], "content_span": [37, 231]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076148-0000-0000", "contents": "1958 Netherlands Antilles general election\nGeneral elections were held in the Netherlands Antilles on 1 September 1958. This snap election was held after discussions about changing the Charter for the Kingdom of the Netherlands.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 42], "section_span": [42, 42], "content_span": [43, 228]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076148-0001-0000", "contents": "1958 Netherlands Antilles general election, Results, Cura\u00e7ao\nPopulation: 124,340 (31 December 1957)Entitled to vote: 49,636Valid votes: 44,611Seats: 12Average valid votes per seat: 3,717.58", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 42], "section_span": [44, 60], "content_span": [61, 189]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076148-0002-0000", "contents": "1958 Netherlands Antilles general election, Results, Aruba\nPopulation: 57,213 (31 December 1957)Entitled to vote: 18,642Valid votes: 17,161Seats: 8Average valid votes per seat: 2,145.125", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 42], "section_span": [44, 58], "content_span": [59, 186]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076148-0003-0000", "contents": "1958 Netherlands Antilles general election, Results, Bonaire\nPopulation: 5,663 (31 December 1957)Entitled to vote: 2,623Valide votes: 2,511Seats: 1", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 42], "section_span": [44, 60], "content_span": [61, 147]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076148-0004-0000", "contents": "1958 Netherlands Antilles general election, Results, SSS Islands\nPopulation: 3,769 (31 December 1957, Sint Maarten: 1,558; Sint Eustatius: 1,087; Saba: 1,124)Valide votes: 1,425Seats: 1", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 42], "section_span": [44, 64], "content_span": [65, 185]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076148-0005-0000", "contents": "1958 Netherlands Antilles general election, Aftermath\nJonckheer, Kroon, Van der Meer and Irausquin gave up their seats in parliament to become ministers in the Second Jonckheer cabinet. The first three were replaced by Hueck, Van der Linde-Helmijr and Bikker. Abbad was the replacement for Pieters Kwiers. Mid 1959 Leito succeeded Debrot.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 42], "section_span": [44, 53], "content_span": [54, 338]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076149-0000-0000", "contents": "1958 Nevada Wolf Pack football team\nThe 1958 Nevada Wolf Pack football team represented the University of Nevada during the 1958 NCAA College Division football season. Nevada competed as a member of the Far Western Conference (FWC). The Wolf Pack were led by fourth-year head coach Gordon McEachron, who resigned after the end of the season. They played their home games at Mackay Stadium.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [35, 35], "content_span": [36, 389]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076149-0001-0000", "contents": "1958 Nevada Wolf Pack football team, Previous season\nThe Wolf Pack finished the 1957 season 1\u20138 and 1\u20134 in FWC play to finish in fifth place.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 52], "content_span": [53, 141]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076150-0000-0000", "contents": "1958 Nevada gubernatorial election\nThe 1958 Nevada gubernatorial election was held on November 4, 1958. Incumbent Republican Charles H. Russell ran unsuccessfully for re-election to a third term as Governor of Nevada. He was defeated by Democratic nominee Grant Sawyer with 59.92% of the vote.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [34, 34], "content_span": [35, 293]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076151-0000-0000", "contents": "1958 New Caledonian constitutional referendum\nA referendum on the new constitution of France was held in New Caledonia on 28 September 1958 as part of a wider referendum held across the French Union. If accepted, the new constitution would see the country become part of the new French Community. If rejected, the referendum would result in independence. It was approved by 98.12% of voters.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 45], "section_span": [45, 45], "content_span": [46, 391]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076151-0001-0000", "contents": "1958 New Caledonian constitutional referendum, Campaign\nIn August 1958 the leaders of the two main parties, Maurice Lenormand of the Caledonian Union and Georges Chatenay of the National Centre of Social Republicans, met French President Charles de Gaulle and committed to advocate for a 'yes' vote.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 45], "section_span": [47, 55], "content_span": [56, 299]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076151-0002-0000", "contents": "1958 New Caledonian constitutional referendum, Campaign\nThe Caledonien newspaper attacked Governor Aim\u00e9 Grimald for supporting the 'yes' campaign. Some trade unionists opposed supporting the new constitution, arguing that de Gaulle was aligned with the wealthy.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 45], "section_span": [47, 55], "content_span": [56, 261]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076151-0003-0000", "contents": "1958 New Caledonian constitutional referendum, Results\nVoters were asked the question \"Do you approve of the Constitution proposed by the Government of the Republic\".", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 45], "section_span": [47, 54], "content_span": [55, 166]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076152-0000-0000", "contents": "1958 New Caledonian legislative election\nLegislative elections were held in New Caledonia on 7 December 1958. The result was a victory for the Caledonian Union, which won 18 of the 30 seats.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [40, 40], "content_span": [41, 190]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076152-0001-0000", "contents": "1958 New Caledonian legislative election, Background\nThe 1957 elections, the first held under universal suffrage, had been won by the left-wing Caledonian Union, which subsequently formed a government led by Maurice Lenormand.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [42, 52], "content_span": [53, 226]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076152-0002-0000", "contents": "1958 New Caledonian legislative election, Background\nOn 18 June 1958 a protest march was led by right-wing opposition CNRS leader Georges Chatenay, who claimed elections held under universal suffrage were unfair and the new government was placing a financial burden on property owners. Over the next three days, armed members of the CNRS set up roadblocks and detained Assembly members. Supporters of Lenormand attempted to hold a demonstration in Noum\u00e9a on 21 June, but were banned from doing so by Governor Aim\u00e9 Grimald.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [42, 52], "content_span": [53, 522]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076152-0003-0000", "contents": "1958 New Caledonian legislative election, Background\nLenormand and his cabinet were subsequently dismissed by Grimald, who took on executive powers.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [42, 52], "content_span": [53, 148]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076152-0004-0000", "contents": "1958 New Caledonian legislative election, Electoral system\nThe 30 members of the Territorial Assembly were elected by open list proportional representation, the same electoral system as used in the 1957 elections.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [42, 58], "content_span": [59, 213]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076152-0005-0000", "contents": "1958 New Caledonian legislative election, Results\nVoter turnout was around 73%, up 10 percentage points on the previous elections.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [42, 49], "content_span": [50, 130]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076152-0006-0000", "contents": "1958 New Caledonian legislative election, Aftermath\nFollowing the elections, Lenormand formed an eight-member government, offering two of the portfolios to the opposition.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [42, 51], "content_span": [52, 171]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076152-0007-0000", "contents": "1958 New Caledonian legislative election, Aftermath\nAfter Henri Lafleur was elected to the French Senate in 1959, he was replaced by Roger P\u00eane. When Rock Pidjot and Jean Le Borgne were appointed as ministers, they were replaced by \u00c9venor de Greslan and Gope-Laguise Iekaw\u00e9. Dick Ukeiw\u00e9 resigned from the Congress on 30 May 1961 and was replaced by Wandrerine Wainebengo who was next on the party's list.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [42, 51], "content_span": [52, 404]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076152-0008-0000", "contents": "1958 New Caledonian legislative election, Aftermath\nFollowing the death of Toutou Tiapi Pimb\u00e9 on 3 July 1961, he was replaced by Cidopua.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [42, 51], "content_span": [52, 137]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076153-0000-0000", "contents": "1958 New Hampshire Wildcats football team\nThe 1958 New Hampshire Wildcats football team was an American football team that represented the University of New Hampshire as a member of the Yankee Conference during the 1958 NCAA College Division football season. In its tenth year under head coach Chief Boston, the team compiled a 2\u20136 record (0\u20134 against conference opponents) and finished last out of six teams in the Yankee Conference.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 41], "section_span": [41, 41], "content_span": [42, 434]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076154-0000-0000", "contents": "1958 New Hampshire gubernatorial election\nThe 1958 New Hampshire gubernatorial election was held on November 4, 1958. Republican nominee Wesley Powell defeated Democratic nominee Bernard L. Boutin with 51.65% of the vote.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 41], "section_span": [41, 41], "content_span": [42, 221]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076155-0000-0000", "contents": "1958 New Mexico A&M Aggies football team\nThe 1958 New Mexico A&M Aggies football team was an American football team that represented New Mexico State University in the Border Conference during the 1958 NCAA University Division football season. In its first year under head coach Warren B. Woodson, the team compiled a 4\u20136 record (1\u20133 against conference opponents), finished in fourth place in the conference, and was outscored by a total of 228 to 172.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [40, 40], "content_span": [41, 452]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076155-0001-0000", "contents": "1958 New Mexico A&M Aggies football team\nWoodson was later inducted into the College Football Hall of Fame.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [40, 40], "content_span": [41, 107]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076156-0000-0000", "contents": "1958 New Mexico Lobos football team\nThe 1958 New Mexico Lobos football team represented the University of New Mexico in the Skyline Conference during the 1958 NCAA University Division football season. In their first season under head coach Marv Levy, the Lobos compiled a 7\u20133 record (5\u20131 against Skyline opponents), finished second in the conference, and outscored all opponents by a total of 210 to 185.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [35, 35], "content_span": [36, 404]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076156-0001-0000", "contents": "1958 New Mexico Lobos football team\nThe team's statistical leaders included Chuck Roberts with 337 passing yards, Don Perkins with 621 rushing yards, and Don Black with 303 receiving yards and 54 points scored. Perkins went on to play eight seasons for the Dallas Cowboys and played in six Pro Bowls.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [35, 35], "content_span": [36, 300]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076157-0000-0000", "contents": "1958 New Mexico gubernatorial election\nThe 1958 New Mexico gubernatorial election took place on November 4, 1958, in order to elect the Governor of New Mexico. Incumbent Republican Edwin L. Mechem ran for reelection to a second term.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [38, 38], "content_span": [39, 233]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076157-0001-0000", "contents": "1958 New Mexico gubernatorial election, Democratic primary\nThe Democratic primary was won by state representative John Burroughs.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 58], "content_span": [59, 129]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076157-0002-0000", "contents": "1958 New Mexico gubernatorial election, Republican primary\nThe Republican primary was won by incumbent governor Edwin L. Mechem.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 58], "content_span": [59, 128]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076158-0000-0000", "contents": "1958 New Orleans mayoral election\nThe New Orleans mayoral election of 1958, held in February, resulted in the re-election of deLesseps Morrison to his fourth consecutive term as mayor of New Orleans. Morrison was able to defeat the Regular Democratic Organization candidate - former State Representative Claude W. Duke - soundly, winning 90,802 of the 157,320 votes cast in the election compared to Duke's 43,231 votes. State Representative Fred C. Donaldson ran a distant third with 18,999 votes; no runoff was required. Morrison had proven able to consistently defeat the once powerful RDO machine, but since mayors were only allowed two consecutive terms under the new city charter of 1954, this would be Morrison's last term in office.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [33, 33], "content_span": [34, 739]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076159-0000-0000", "contents": "1958 New Year Honours\nThe New Year Honours 1958 were appointments in many of the Commonwealth realms of Queen Elizabeth II to various orders and honours to reward and highlight good works by citizens of those countries. They were announced in supplements to the London Gazette of 31 December 1957 to celebrate the year passed and mark the beginning of 1958.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [21, 21], "content_span": [22, 357]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076159-0001-0000", "contents": "1958 New Year Honours\nAt this time honours for Australians were awarded both in the United Kingdom honours, on the advice of the premiers of Australian states, and also in a separate Australia honours list.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [21, 21], "content_span": [22, 206]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076159-0002-0000", "contents": "1958 New Year Honours\nThe recipients of honours are displayed here as they were styled before their new honour, and arranged by honour, with classes (Knight, Knight Grand Cross, etc.) and then divisions (Military, Civil, etc.) as appropriate.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [21, 21], "content_span": [22, 242]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076159-0003-0000", "contents": "1958 New Year Honours, United Kingdom and Commonwealth, Royal Victorian Order, Member of the Royal Victorian Order (MVO)\nAt this time the two lowest classes of the Royal Victorian Order were \"Member (fourth class)\" and \"Member (fifth class)\", both with post-nominal letters MVO. \"Member (fourth class)\" was renamed \"Lieutenant\" (LVO) from the 1985 New Year Honours onwards.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [23, 120], "content_span": [121, 373]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076160-0000-0000", "contents": "1958 New Year Honours (New Zealand)\nThe 1958 New Year Honours in New Zealand were appointments by Elizabeth II on the advice of the New Zealand government to various orders and honours to reward and highlight good works by New Zealanders. The awards celebrated the passing of 1957 and the beginning of 1958, and were announced on 1 January 1958.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [35, 35], "content_span": [36, 345]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076160-0001-0000", "contents": "1958 New Year Honours (New Zealand)\nThe recipients of honours are displayed here as they were styled before their new honour.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [35, 35], "content_span": [36, 125]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076161-0000-0000", "contents": "1958 New York Film Critics Circle Awards\nThe 24th New York Film Critics Circle Awards, honored the best filmmaking of 1958.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [40, 40], "content_span": [41, 123]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076162-0000-0000", "contents": "1958 New York Giants season\nThe 1958 New York Giants season was the franchise's 34th season in the National Football League.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [27, 27], "content_span": [28, 124]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076162-0001-0000", "contents": "1958 New York Giants season, Offseason\nIn the offseason, Vince Lombardi was offered the Eagles head coaching position but he refused it. He opted to stay as the offensive coordinator of the Giants.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 38], "content_span": [39, 197]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076162-0002-0000", "contents": "1958 New York Giants season, Playoffs, NFL Championship Game\nThe 1958 National Football League Championship Game was played on December 28, 1958, at Yankee Stadium in New York City. The 1958 game was the 26th annual NFL championship game. The Colts beat the Giants 23\u201317 in overtime, earning their first ever championship. The game has come to be known as The Greatest Game Ever Played.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 60], "content_span": [61, 386]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076162-0003-0000", "contents": "1958 New York Giants season, Standings\nNote: Tie games were not officially counted in the standings until 1972.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 38], "content_span": [39, 111]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076163-0000-0000", "contents": "1958 New York Yankees season\nThe 1958 New York Yankees season was the 56th season for the team in New York, and its 58th season overall. The team finished with a record of 92\u201362, winning their 24th pennant, finishing 10 games ahead of the Chicago White Sox. In the World Series, they defeated the Milwaukee Braves in 7 games. New York was managed by Casey Stengel. The Yankees played their home games at Yankee Stadium. In 1958, the Yankees became New York City's only professional baseball team after the Brooklyn Dodgers moved to Los Angeles and the New York Giants left for San Francisco. The Yankees would hold this distinction until 1962, when the New York Mets began play.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [28, 28], "content_span": [29, 678]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076163-0001-0000", "contents": "1958 New York Yankees season, Player stats, Batting, Starters by position\nNote: Pos = Position; G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 73], "content_span": [74, 198]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076163-0002-0000", "contents": "1958 New York Yankees season, Player stats, Batting, Other batters\nNote: G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 66], "content_span": [67, 175]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076163-0003-0000", "contents": "1958 New York Yankees season, Player stats, Pitching, Starting pitchers\nNote: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 71], "content_span": [72, 182]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076163-0004-0000", "contents": "1958 New York Yankees season, Player stats, Pitching, Other pitchers\nNote: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 68], "content_span": [69, 179]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076163-0005-0000", "contents": "1958 New York Yankees season, Player stats, Pitching, Relief pitchers\nNote: G = Games pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; SV = Saves; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 69], "content_span": [70, 170]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076163-0006-0000", "contents": "1958 New York Yankees season, 1958 World Series\nAL New York Yankees (4) vs. NL Milwaukee Braves (3)", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 47], "content_span": [48, 99]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076164-0000-0000", "contents": "1958 New York state election\nThe 1958 New York state election was held on November 4, 1958, to elect the governor, the lieutenant governor, the state comptroller, the attorney general, a judge of the New York Court of Appeals and a U.S. Senator, as well as all members of the New York State Assembly and the New York State Senate.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [28, 28], "content_span": [29, 330]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076164-0001-0000", "contents": "1958 New York state election, Background\nIn January 1957, Jacob K. Javits took his seat in the U.S. Senate and thus vacated the office of New York State Attorney General. On January 9, the New York State Legislature elected Louis J. Lefkowitz to the office for the unexpired term.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 40], "content_span": [41, 280]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076164-0002-0000", "contents": "1958 New York state election, Background\nMarvin R. Dye had been elected to the Court of Appeals in 1944, thus his 14-year term would expire at the end of the year.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 40], "content_span": [41, 163]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076164-0003-0000", "contents": "1958 New York state election, Nominations\nThe Socialist Labor state convention met on March 23 and nominated Eric Hass for governor; John Emanuel for lieutenant governor; Milton Herder for state comptroller; and Stephen Emery for U.S. Senator. The ticket was ruled off the ballot, but Hass and his fellow nominees continued to campaign as write-in candidates.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 41], "content_span": [42, 359]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076164-0004-0000", "contents": "1958 New York state election, Nominations\nThe \"United Independent Socialist Campaign Committee\" met on July 17 and selected John T. McManus for governor; and Dr. Annette T. Rubinstein for lieutenant governor.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 41], "content_span": [42, 208]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076164-0005-0000", "contents": "1958 New York state election, Nominations\nThe Independent-Socialist Party filed a petition to nominate candidates to five offices on September 9 with the Secretary of State.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 41], "content_span": [42, 173]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076164-0006-0000", "contents": "1958 New York state election, Nominations\nThe Democratic state convention met on August 25 at Buffalo, New York, and re-nominated Governor W. Averell Harriman and Lt. Gov. George B. DeLuca. The convention continued on August 26 and into the early hours of August 27. They nominated D.A. of New York Frank S. Hogan for the U.S. Senate after a roll call (vote: Hogan 772, Thomas E. Murray 304).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 41], "content_span": [42, 392]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076164-0007-0000", "contents": "1958 New York state election, Nominations\nThe Republican state convention met on August 26 at Rochester, New York, and nominated Nelson A. Rockefeller for governor.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 41], "content_span": [42, 164]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076164-0008-0000", "contents": "1958 New York state election, Nominations\nThe Liberal Party met on August 26, and endorsed the Democratic nominees Harriman, DeLuca and Levitt; and nominated Thomas K. Finletter for the U.S. Senate. On August 28, Finletter declined to run, and urged the Liberals to back Hogan. On September 4, the Liberals substituted Democrat Hogan for Finletter on the ticket, but rejected the endorsement of Crotty. They completed the ticket with Edward Goodell for attorney general.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 41], "content_span": [42, 470]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076164-0009-0000", "contents": "1958 New York state election, Result\nDespite a good year for the Democratic Party nationwide almost the whole Republican ticket was elected; only the Democratic Comptroller Arthur Levitt managed to stay in office.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 36], "content_span": [37, 213]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076164-0010-0000", "contents": "1958 New York state election, Result\nThe incumbents Levitt, Lefkowitz, and Dye were re-elected. The incumbents Harriman and DeLuca were defeated.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 36], "content_span": [37, 145]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076164-0011-0000", "contents": "1958 New York state election, Result\nAs of 2019, this is the last time the Republicans won the state's Class 1 Senate seat. (James L. Buckley was elected Senator for this seat in 1970 on the Conservative Party line, defeating appointed incumbent Republican Charles Goodell. Buckley caucused with Republicans in the Senate and ran for re-election as a Republican in 1976, but was defeated.)", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 36], "content_span": [37, 389]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076164-0012-0000", "contents": "1958 New York state election, Result\nNote: The vote for governor is used to define ballot access, for automatic access are necessary 50,000 votes.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 36], "content_span": [37, 146]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076165-0000-0000", "contents": "1958 New Zealand Grand Prix\nThe 1958 New Zealand Grand Prix was a motor race held at the Ardmore Circuit on 11 January 1958.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [27, 27], "content_span": [28, 124]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076166-0000-0000", "contents": "1958 New Zealand rugby league season\nThe 1958 New Zealand rugby league season was the 51st season of rugby league that had been played in New Zealand.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [36, 36], "content_span": [37, 150]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076166-0001-0000", "contents": "1958 New Zealand rugby league season, International competitions\nNew Zealand drew 1-all with Great Britain, winning 15\u201310 in the first Test before going down 32\u201315. The squad included; Cyril Eastlake, Tom Hadfield, Reese Griffiths, George P Turner, Neville Denton, George Menzies, Keith Roberts, Joe Ratima, Jock Butterfield, Henry Maxwell, captain Cliff Johnson, Trevor Kilkelly and Rex Percy.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 64], "content_span": [65, 394]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076166-0002-0000", "contents": "1958 New Zealand rugby league season, International competitions\nCanterbury lost to Great Britain 41\u201321. The final match of the tour saw Great Britain defeat Auckland 24\u201317. The match was refereed by Vic Belsham. Selected by Maurie Robertson, Des Barchard and Des White, Auckland included; Ron McKay, Vern Bakalich, Neville Denton, Bill Sorensen, Ray Webber, Cyril Eastlake, Len Eriksen, Joe Ratima, Jim Patterson, Cliff Johnson, John Yates, Keith Bell and Ian Grey.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 64], "content_span": [65, 466]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076166-0003-0000", "contents": "1958 New Zealand rugby league season, International competitions\nThe Manly-Warringah Sea Eagles toured the country at the end of the season, defeating Canterbury 27-5 and the West Coast 36-5 before heading to Auckland. Manly defeated Otahuhu 42-12 before losing a mid-week game to Ellerslie 16\u201315. They then defeated the Auckland Rugby League champion Ponsonby Ponies 18-5 before beating an \"All Stars\" selection, consisting of current and former Kiwis, 26\u201310.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 64], "content_span": [65, 460]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076166-0004-0000", "contents": "1958 New Zealand rugby league season, National competitions, Northern Union Cup\nAuckland again held the Northern Union Cup at the end of the season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 79], "content_span": [80, 148]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076166-0005-0000", "contents": "1958 New Zealand rugby league season, National competitions, Inter-island competition\nThe South Island defeated the North Island 25\u201315 at the Show Grounds.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 85], "content_span": [86, 155]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076166-0006-0000", "contents": "1958 New Zealand rugby league season, National competitions, Inter-island competition\nThe South Island included John Bond, George Menzies, Jock Butterfield, Trevor Kilkelly and Mel Cooke.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 85], "content_span": [86, 187]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076166-0007-0000", "contents": "1958 New Zealand rugby league season, National competitions, Inter-district competition\nAuckland toured the South Island, defeating the West Coast 31-11 and Canterbury 36\u201315. The Auckland team was coached by Des White, managed by Lou Hutt and included; Jim Patterson, Bill Snowden, Dick Haggie, Rex Percy, Keith Bell, Alan Riechelmann, George Turner, Neville Denton, captain Henry Maxwell and vice-captain Tom Hadfield.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 87], "content_span": [88, 419]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076166-0008-0000", "contents": "1958 New Zealand rugby league season, National competitions, Inter-district competition\nCanterbury included John and Jim Bond, Ean Anderson, captain Keith Roberts, Mel Cooke and Kevin Pearce.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 87], "content_span": [88, 191]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076166-0009-0000", "contents": "1958 New Zealand rugby league season, Club competitions, Auckland\nPonsonby won the Auckland Rugby League's Fox Memorial Trophy and Rukutai Shield. Marist won the Roope Rooster and defeated Ponsonby 29\u201322 to also claim the champion of champions Stormont Shield.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 65], "content_span": [66, 260]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076166-0010-0000", "contents": "1958 New Zealand rugby league season, Club competitions, Auckland\nThis was the first year the Auckland Rugby League used a playoff structure and Ponsonby defeated Otahuhu 16\u20137 in the inaugural grand final on 13 September. Refereed by Vic Belsham the teams were;Ponsonby; Jack Fagan, Les Cherrie, Ron Smyth, captain Bill Sorensen, Rex Percy, Mal Barber, Len Eriksen, Arthur Tomlinson, Ted Johnson, Joe Ratima, Graham Keys, Graham Bint and Keith Bell. Otahuhu; Dick Haggie, Owen Wright, Joe Gibbons, Jack Te Kawa, Alan Sanderson, John Te Kawa, captain Joe Wright, John Yates, Allen Gore, Barry Giltrap, Simon Yates, Bill Hattaway and Joe Jujnovich.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 65], "content_span": [66, 646]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076166-0011-0000", "contents": "1958 New Zealand rugby league season, Club competitions, Auckland\nUnder the Auckland Rugby League's \"district scheme\", which lasted until 1963, Northcote and North Shore combined to form \"Northern Districts\" and City-Newton and Eastern Suburbs formed \"Eastern City Districts\".", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 65], "content_span": [66, 276]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076166-0012-0000", "contents": "1958 New Zealand rugby league season, Club competitions, Auckland\nCyril Eastlake and Brian Campbell played for Ellerslie, Ron Ackland played for Eastern City Districts and Don Hammond played for Mount Albert. Northern Districts were coached by Scotty McClymont. Neville Denton, Ron McKay, Sam Edwards and Alan Riechelmann played for Marist, as did Brian Reidy who made his senior debut during the season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 65], "content_span": [66, 404]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076166-0013-0000", "contents": "1958 New Zealand rugby league season, Club competitions, Other Competitions\nJock Butterfield was the captain-coach of Brunner in the West Coast Rugby League competition. Brunner won the Thacker Shield that year, defeating Hornby 14\u20138.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 75], "content_span": [76, 234]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076167-0000-0000", "contents": "1958 Newark Bay rail accident\nThe 1958 Newark Bay rail accident occurred on September 15, 1958 in Newark Bay, New Jersey, United States, when a Central Railroad of New Jersey (CNJ) morning commuter train, #3314, ran through a restricting and a stop signal, derailed, and slid off the open Newark Bay lift bridge. Both diesel locomotives and the first two coaches plunged into Newark Bay and sank immediately, killing 48 people and injuring the same number. A third coach, snagged by its rear truck (bogie), hung precariously off the bridge for two hours before it also toppled into the water. As the locomotive crew was killed, the cause of the accident was never determined nor reinvestigated.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [29, 29], "content_span": [30, 694]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076167-0001-0000", "contents": "1958 Newark Bay rail accident, Conditions\nThere were three signals spaced at three-quarters of a mile, a quarter of a mile, and 500 feet (150\u00a0m) from the lift bridge, and an automatic derailing device fifty feet beyond the third signal. The bridge span had to be down and locked electrically before the signals and derail devices could be cleared for movement on the track. Conversely, all the devices had to be in their most restrictive positions before the bridge could be unlocked and raised.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 41], "content_span": [42, 495]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076167-0001-0001", "contents": "1958 Newark Bay rail accident, Conditions\nThe train ran through two signals and immediately derailed; the automatic derailer was designed to knock the wheels off the track so that the resistance of the ties and ballast against the train's wheels would bring a slow-moving derailed train to a stop. Train #3314, although derailed, was moving at such a great speed that it did not have sufficient distance to stop before diving off the bridge.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 41], "content_span": [42, 441]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076167-0002-0000", "contents": "1958 Newark Bay rail accident, Causes\nThe Interstate Commerce Commission (ICC), the New Jersey Public Utilities Commission, and the United States Army Corps of Engineers each conducted separate inquiries into the wreck, and all three found that the absence of a \"dead man's control\" was one primary cause of the accident. After the inquiries, the New Jersey Public Utilities Commission ordered the railroads to install such devices on all passenger locomotives operating in New Jersey. Some CNJ locomotives were equipped already with such devices, but this did not include the engine leading Train #3314 (a EMD GP7 No. 1532) on the day of the wreck. The CNJ claimed that such a device was not always necessary, because all their trains had two crewmen in the locomotive cab. If the engineer was incapacitated somehow, the fireman would assume control of the locomotive.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 37], "content_span": [38, 869]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076167-0003-0000", "contents": "1958 Newark Bay rail accident, Causes\nAn autopsy found that the engineer, 63-year-old Lloyd Wilburn, had indications of hypertensive heart disease, but that he had died of asphyxia due to drowning. However, no reason could be found to explain why fireman Peter Andrew, 42, could not or did not stop the train. Investigators raised the wreckage and did not find any defect of the braking system on the locomotives and coaches; it was also determined that the signal system and derailing device on the bridge had functioned properly.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 37], "content_span": [38, 531]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076167-0003-0001", "contents": "1958 Newark Bay rail accident, Causes\nLacking more definitive evidence, it was presumed that the engineer had somehow become incapacitated in the cab and the fireman failed to take appropriate action to stop the train. The presence of a dead man's control in the locomotive cab might have averted the catastrophe, and, while the ICC only \"recommended\" the installation of these devices, the New Jersey Board of Public Utilities directed that the railroad install them in all of its locomotives.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 37], "content_span": [38, 494]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076167-0004-0000", "contents": "1958 Newark Bay rail accident, Aftermath\nAt least 48 people died in the wreck, including former New York Yankees second baseman George \"Snuffy\" Stirnweiss. The CNJ faced a number of legal actions which were all settled out of court. The two locomotives, #1532 and #1526, were raised, rebuilt by the Electro-Motive Division of General Motors (EMD) and returned to service. Locomotive #1532 retained its original number, while the #1526 was renumbered #1531. They served primarily as freight locomotives, although #1532 was photographed in passenger service after its return from EMD.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 40], "content_span": [41, 582]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076167-0004-0001", "contents": "1958 Newark Bay rail accident, Aftermath\nThe Newark Bay lift bridge was used until the last passenger train left Bayonne's Eighth Street Station on August 6, 1978. Demolition of the central lift spans began in July 1980 after the United States Coast Guard declared the structure a navigational hazard to ships. The trestle and approaches were removed in 1987\u20131988 when it became apparent that a replacement span was no longer feasible. Removal of the piers began in 2012.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 40], "content_span": [41, 471]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076168-0000-0000", "contents": "1958 News of the World Snooker Tournament\nThe 1958 News of the World Snooker Tournament was a professional snooker tournament sponsored by the News of the World. The tournament was won by Fred Davis who won 7 of his 9 matches, beating his brother Joe in all their three matches. Joe won 5 matches and finished in second place ahead of John Pulman by winning more frames overall. The News of the World Snooker Tournament ran from 1949/50 to 1959.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 41], "section_span": [41, 41], "content_span": [42, 445]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076168-0001-0000", "contents": "1958 News of the World Snooker Tournament, Format\nThere were four competitors: Joe Davis, Fred Davis, John Pulman and Walter Donaldson. Rather than 3-day matches of 37 frames, matches were over 13 frames on a single day with each playing the others three times. Originally the tournament was planned to take place over three consecutive weeks but the third week of matches were delayed for three weeks. Unlike previous News of the World tournaments there was no handicapping. All matches were played in Burroughes Hall, London.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 41], "section_span": [43, 49], "content_span": [50, 527]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076168-0002-0000", "contents": "1958 News of the World Snooker Tournament, Format\nThe highest break of the competition was a 114 compiled by Fred Davis in his match against Pulman on 10 October. Davis also made the only other century break of the tournament, a 100 against Joe Davis on 18 October.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 41], "section_span": [43, 49], "content_span": [50, 265]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076168-0003-0000", "contents": "1958 News of the World Snooker Tournament, Results\nThe positions were determined firstly by the number of matches won (MW) and, in the event of a tie, the number of frames won (FW).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 41], "section_span": [43, 50], "content_span": [51, 181]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076169-0000-0000", "contents": "1958 Nigerien Territorial Assembly election\nTerritorial Assembly elections were held in Niger on 14 December 1958. The result was a victory for the Union for the Franco-African Community  (an alliance of the Nigerien Progressive Party \u2013 African Democratic Rally and the African Regroupment Party), which won 49 of the 60 seats.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 43], "section_span": [43, 43], "content_span": [44, 327]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076169-0001-0000", "contents": "1958 Nigerien Territorial Assembly election\nOn 18 December 1958, the Territorial Assembly convened and proclaimed itself a Constituent Assembly.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 43], "section_span": [43, 43], "content_span": [44, 144]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076169-0002-0000", "contents": "1958 Nigerien Territorial Assembly election, Aftermath\nFollowing the elections, the results in the Tessaoua and Zinder constituencies, where Sawaba had won all their seats, were annulled due to irregularities. The Tessaoua seats were awarded to the UCFA, whilst a by-election was scheduled for Zinder on 27 June 1959. Ballot papers were only printed for the PPN-RDA, and due to fears of violence, Sawaba did not put up candidates, calling for a boycott instead. Following the by-elections, the UCFA controlled all 60 seats.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 43], "section_span": [45, 54], "content_span": [55, 523]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076170-0000-0000", "contents": "1958 Nigerien constitutional referendum\nA referendum on the new constitution of France was held in Niger on 28 September 1958 as part of a wider referendum held across the French Union. The new constitution would see the country become part of the new French Community if accepted, or result in independence if rejected. It was approved by 78.43% of voters.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [39, 39], "content_span": [40, 357]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076171-0000-0000", "contents": "1958 Night Series Cup\nThe 1958 VFL Night Premiership Cup was the Victorian Football League end of season cup competition played in August and September of the 1958 VFL Premiership Season. This was the third year the VFL Night Series had existed. In last years competition, each of the day finalists were duly defeated upon entry and their addition to the competition resulted in a drawn-out and complicated fixture of matches. The VFL thus elected to return to the original format for this year's competition as previously used in the 1956 Night Series Cup.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [21, 21], "content_span": [22, 557]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076171-0000-0001", "contents": "1958 Night Series Cup\nRun as a knock-out tournament, it was contested by the eight VFL teams that failed to make the 1958 VFL finals series. Games were played at the Lake Oval, Albert Park, then the home ground of South Melbourne, as it was the only ground equipped to host night games. St Kilda went on to win the night series cup, defeating Carlton in the final by 8 points.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [21, 21], "content_span": [22, 376]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076172-0000-0000", "contents": "1958 Nippon Professional Baseball season\nThe 1958 Nippon Professional Baseball season was the ninth season of operation of Nippon Professional Baseball (NPB).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [40, 40], "content_span": [41, 158]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076173-0000-0000", "contents": "1958 North Carolina Tar Heels football team\nThe 1958 North Carolina Tar Heels football team represented the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill during the 1958 NCAA University Division football season. The Tar Heels were led by fourth-year head coach Jim Tatum and played their home games at Kenan Memorial Stadium. The team competed as a member of the Atlantic Coast Conference, finishing in fourth.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 43], "section_span": [43, 43], "content_span": [44, 408]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076173-0001-0000", "contents": "1958 North Carolina Tar Heels football team\nTwo-way end Al Goldstein was named a first-team All-American by the Football Writers Association of America and the NEA.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 43], "section_span": [43, 43], "content_span": [44, 164]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076173-0002-0000", "contents": "1958 North Carolina Tar Heels football team\nThis was Tatum's last year as head coach, as he unexpectedly died at age 46 of a typhus-like illness in July 1959. He had a record of 19\u201317\u20133 at UNC.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 43], "section_span": [43, 43], "content_span": [44, 193]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076174-0000-0000", "contents": "1958 North Dakota Fighting Sioux football team\nThe 1958 North Dakota Fighting Sioux football team, also known as the Nodaks, was an American football team that represented the University of North Dakota in the North Central Conference (NCC) during the 1958 NCAA College Division football season. In its second year under head coach Marvin C. Helling, the team compiled a 5\u20133 record (5\u20131 against NCC opponents), finished in sixth place out of seven teams in the NCC, and outscored opponents by a total of 157 to 85. The team played its home games at Memorial Stadium in Grand Forks, North Dakota.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 46], "section_span": [46, 46], "content_span": [47, 595]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076175-0000-0000", "contents": "1958 North Dakota State Bison football team\nThe 1958 North Dakota State Bison football team was an American football team that represented North Dakota State University during the 1958 NCAA College Division football season as a member of the North Central Conference. In their second year under head coach Bob Danielson, the team compiled a 3\u20136 record.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 43], "section_span": [43, 43], "content_span": [44, 352]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076176-0000-0000", "contents": "1958 North Dakota gubernatorial election\nThe 1958 North Dakota gubernatorial election was held on November 4, 1958. Incumbent Republican John E. Davis defeated Democratic nominee John F. Lord with 53.10% of the vote.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [40, 40], "content_span": [41, 216]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076177-0000-0000", "contents": "1958 Northeast Louisiana State Indians football team\nThe 1958 Northeast Louisiana State Indians football team was an American football team that represented Northeast Louisiana State College (now known as the University of Louisiana at Monroe) in the Gulf States Conference during the 1958 NCAA College Division football season. In their first year under head coach Jack C. Rowan, the team compiled a 6\u20133 record.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 52], "section_span": [52, 52], "content_span": [53, 412]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076178-0000-0000", "contents": "1958 Northern Illinois Huskies football team\nThe 1958 Northern Illinois Huskies football team represented Northern Illinois University in the 1958 NCAA College Division football season. The Huskies competed in the Interstate Intercollegiate Athletic Conference (IIAC). They were led by third-year head coach Howard Fletcher and played their home games at the 5,500-seat Glidden Field, located on the east end of campus.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [44, 44], "content_span": [45, 419]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076179-0000-0000", "contents": "1958 Northern Ireland general election\nThe 1958 Northern Ireland general election was called on the 27th of February by 1st Viscount Brookeborough to be held on 20 March 1958.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [38, 38], "content_span": [39, 175]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076179-0001-0000", "contents": "1958 Northern Ireland general election\nLike all previous elections to the Parliament of Northern Ireland, it produced a large majority for the Ulster Unionist Party. The Northern Ireland Labour Party returned to the Commons after being wiped out in the 1949 election.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [38, 38], "content_span": [39, 267]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076179-0002-0000", "contents": "1958 Northern Ireland general election, Campaign\nAnnouncing the election, Viscount Brookeborough remarked that the election would be on the Border issue once more, noting that this was the ninth election on the same issue. Unemployment was also an issue in the election with 50,000 people out of work in the province in that year.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 48], "content_span": [49, 330]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076180-0000-0000", "contents": "1958 Northwestern Wildcats football team\nThe 1958 Northwestern Wildcats team represented Northwestern University during the 1958 Big Ten Conference football season. In their third year under head coach Ara Parseghian, the Wildcats compiled a 5\u20134 record (3\u20134 against Big Ten Conference opponents), finished in seventh place in the Big Ten, and outscored their opponents by a combined total of 199 to 148.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [40, 40], "content_span": [41, 403]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076181-0000-0000", "contents": "1958 Norwegian Football Cup\nThe 1958 Norwegian Football Cup was the 53rd season of the Norwegian annual knockout football tournament. The tournament was open for all members of NFF, except those from Northern Norway. Fredrikstad was the defending champions, but was beaten 1\u20130 by Lillestr\u00f8m in the semifinal.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [27, 27], "content_span": [28, 308]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076181-0001-0000", "contents": "1958 Norwegian Football Cup\nThe final was played at Ullevaal Stadion in Oslo on 19 October 1958, and was contested by the four-times former winners Skeid, and Lillestr\u00f8m who had lost both their previous appearances in the Norwegian Cup final in 1953 and 1955. Skeid won 1\u20130 against Lillestr\u00f8m in the final, and secured their fifth title.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [27, 27], "content_span": [28, 337]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076182-0000-0000", "contents": "1958 Notre Dame Fighting Irish football team\nThe 1958 Notre Dame Fighting Irish football team represented the University of Notre Dame during the 1958 NCAA University Division football season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [44, 44], "content_span": [45, 192]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076183-0000-0000", "contents": "1958 Notting Hill race riots\nThe Notting Hill race riots were a series of racially motivated riots that took place in Notting Hill, England, between 29 August and 5 September 1958.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [28, 28], "content_span": [29, 180]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076183-0001-0000", "contents": "1958 Notting Hill race riots, Background\nFollowing the end of the Second World War, Afro-Caribbean immigration to Britain increased. By the 1950s, white working-class \"Teddy Boys\" were beginning to display hostility towards black families in the area, a situation exploited and inflamed by groups such as Oswald Mosley's Union Movement and other far-right groups such as the White Defence League, who urged disaffected white residents to keep Britain white.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 40], "content_span": [41, 457]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076183-0002-0000", "contents": "1958 Notting Hill race riots, Background\nThere was an increase in violent attacks on black people throughout the summer. On 24 August 1958 a group of ten English youths committed serious assaults on six West Indian men in four separate incidents. At 5.40 a.m., the youths' car was spotted by two police officers who pursued them into the White City estate, where the gang abandoned their car. Using the car as a lead, investigating detectives arrested nine of the gang the next day, after working non-stop for twenty hours.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 40], "content_span": [41, 523]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076183-0003-0000", "contents": "1958 Notting Hill race riots, Background\nJust prior to the Notting Hill riots, there was racial unrest in the St Ann's neighbourhood in Nottingham which began on 23 August, and continued intermittently for two weeks.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 40], "content_span": [41, 216]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076183-0004-0000", "contents": "1958 Notting Hill race riots, Majbritt Morrison\nThe riot is often believed to have been triggered by an assault against Majbritt Morrison, a white Swedish woman, on 29 August 1958. Morrison had been arguing with her Jamaican husband Raymond Morrison at the Latimer Road Underground station. A group of various white people attempted to intervene in the argument, and a small fight broke out between the intervening people and some of Raymond Morrison's friends. The following day Majbritt Morrison was verbally and physically assaulted by a gang of white youths that had recalled seeing her the night before. According to one report, the youths threw milk bottles at Morrison and called her racial slurs such as \"Black man's trollop\", while a later report stated that she had also been struck in the back with an iron bar.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 47], "content_span": [48, 822]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076183-0005-0000", "contents": "1958 Notting Hill race riots, The riot\nLater that night a mob of 300 to 400 white people were seen on Bramley Road attacking the houses of West Indian residents. The disturbances, rioting and attacks continued every night until 5 September.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 38], "content_span": [39, 240]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076183-0006-0000", "contents": "1958 Notting Hill race riots, The riot\nThe Metropolitan Police arrested more than 140 people during the two weeks of the disturbances, mostly white youths but also many black people found carrying weapons. A report to the Metropolitan Police Commissioner stated that of the 108 people charged with crimes such as grievous bodily harm, affray and riot and possessing offensive weapons, 72 were white and 36 were black.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 38], "content_span": [39, 417]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076183-0007-0000", "contents": "1958 Notting Hill race riots, The riot, Aftermath\nThe sentencing of the nine white youths by Mr Justice Salmon has been passed into judicial lore as an example of \"exemplary sentencing\" \u2013 a harsh punishment intended to act as a deterrent to others. Each of the youths received five years in prison and was ordered to pay \u00a3500.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 49], "content_span": [50, 326]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076183-0008-0000", "contents": "1958 Notting Hill race riots, The riot, Aftermath\nA \"Caribbean Carnival\", precursor of the Notting Hill Carnival, was held on 30 January 1959 in St Pancras Town Hall. Activist Claudia Jones organized this carnival in response to the riots and to the state of race relations in Britain at the time.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 49], "content_span": [50, 297]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076183-0009-0000", "contents": "1958 Notting Hill race riots, The riot, Aftermath\nThe riots caused tension between the Metropolitan Police and the British African-Caribbean community which claimed that the police had not taken their reports of racial attacks seriously. In 2002, files were released that revealed that senior police officers at the time had assured the Home Secretary, Rab Butler, that there was little or no racial motivation behind the disturbance, despite testimony from individual police officers to the contrary.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 49], "content_span": [50, 501]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076183-0010-0000", "contents": "1958 Notting Hill race riots, Cultural depictions\nMajbritt Morrison wrote about the riots in her autobiography, Jungle West 11 (1964).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 49], "content_span": [50, 134]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076183-0011-0000", "contents": "1958 Notting Hill race riots, Cultural depictions\nThe Notting Hill race riots feature heavily in the film Absolute Beginners (1986) which was based on the book of the same name by Colin MacInnes.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 49], "content_span": [50, 195]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076183-0012-0000", "contents": "1958 Notting Hill race riots, Cultural depictions\nOn 29 September 1958, Hot Summer Night (play) premiered in the UK centring on a white family struggling to accept their daughter's love for a black Jamaican man. When the play was later turned into the 1961 film Flame in the Streets, with Earl Cameron and Johnny Sekka, the climax revolves around a new riot sequence undoubtedly inspired by events in Notting Hill.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 49], "content_span": [50, 414]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076184-0000-0000", "contents": "1958 Ohio Bobcats football team\nThe 1958 Ohio Bobcats football team was an American football team that represented Ohio University in the Mid-American Conference (MAC) during the 1958 NCAA University Division football season. In their first season under head coach Bill Hess, the Bobcats compiled a 5\u20134 record (2\u20134 against MAC opponents), finished in a tie for fourth place in the MAC, and outscored all opponents by a combined total of 159 to 102.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [31, 31], "content_span": [32, 448]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076185-0000-0000", "contents": "1958 Ohio State Buckeyes football team\nThe 1958 Ohio State Buckeyes football team represented the Ohio State University in the 1958 Big Ten Conference football season. The Buckeyes compiled a 6\u20131\u20132 record.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [38, 38], "content_span": [39, 205]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076186-0000-0000", "contents": "1958 Ohio gubernatorial election\nThe 1958 Ohio gubernatorial election was held on November 4, 1958. Democratic nominee Michael DiSalle defeated incumbent Republican C. William O'Neill in a rematch of the 1956 election with 56.92% of the vote.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [32, 32], "content_span": [33, 242]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076187-0000-0000", "contents": "1958 Oklahoma Sooners football team\nThe 1958 Oklahoma Sooners football team represented the University of Oklahoma during the 1958 NCAA University Division football season. They played their home games at Oklahoma Memorial Stadium and competed as members of the Big Seven Conference. They were coached by head coach Bud Wilkinson.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [35, 35], "content_span": [36, 330]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076187-0001-0000", "contents": "1958 Oklahoma Sooners football team, Postseason, NFL draft\nThe following players were drafted into the National Football League following the season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 58], "content_span": [59, 149]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076188-0000-0000", "contents": "1958 Oklahoma State Cowboys football team\nThe 1958 Oklahoma State Cowboys football team represented Oklahoma State University\u2013Stillwater as an independent during the 1958 NCAA University Division football season. In their fourth season under head coach Cliff Speegle, the Cowboys compiled an 8\u20133 record, were ranked No. 19 in the final AP Poll, and outscored opponents by a combined total of 201 to 134.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 41], "section_span": [41, 41], "content_span": [42, 403]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076188-0001-0000", "contents": "1958 Oklahoma State Cowboys football team\nEnd Jim Wood was selected by the American Football Coaches Association as a first-team player on the 1958 College Football All-America Team; he was Oklahoma State's first All-American since 1946.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 41], "section_span": [41, 41], "content_span": [42, 237]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076188-0002-0000", "contents": "1958 Oklahoma State Cowboys football team\nOn offense, the 1958 team averaged 18.3 points scored, 196.6 rushing yards, and 81.0 passing yards per game. On defense, the team allowed an average of 12.2 points scored, 147.9 rushing yards and 86.5 passing yards per game. The team's statistical leaders included fullback Duane Wood with 492 rushing yards and 42 points scored, Dick Soergel with 539 passing yards, and Jim Wood with 273 receiving yards.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 41], "section_span": [41, 41], "content_span": [42, 447]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076188-0003-0000", "contents": "1958 Oklahoma State Cowboys football team\nThe team played its home games at Lewis Field in Stillwater, Oklahoma.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 41], "section_span": [41, 41], "content_span": [42, 112]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076188-0004-0000", "contents": "1958 Oklahoma State Cowboys football team, After the season\nThe 1959 NFL Draft was held on December 1, 1958 and January 21, 1959. The following Cowboys were selected.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 41], "section_span": [43, 59], "content_span": [60, 166]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076189-0000-0000", "contents": "1958 Oklahoma gubernatorial election\nThe 1958 Oklahoma gubernatorial election was held on November 4, 1958, and was a race for the Governor of Oklahoma. Democrat J. Howard Edmondson defeated Republican Phil Ferguson and Independent D. A. 'Jelly' Bryce.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [36, 36], "content_span": [37, 252]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076190-0000-0000", "contents": "1958 Ole Miss Rebels football team\nThe 1958 Ole Miss Rebels football team represented the University of Mississippi during the 1958 NCAA University Division football season. The Rebels were led by 12th-year head coach Johnny Vaught and played their home games at Hemingway Stadium in Oxford, Mississippi. They competed as members of the Southeastern Conference, finishing in second with a regular season record of 8\u20132 (3\u20132 SEC), and were ranked 11th in the final AP Poll. They were invited to the 1958 Gator Bowl, where they defeated fellow SEC member Florida, 7\u20133.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [34, 34], "content_span": [35, 565]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076191-0000-0000", "contents": "1958 Omloop Het Volk\nThe 1958 Omloop Het Volk was the 14th edition of the Omloop Het Volk cycle race and was held on 7 April 1958. The race started and finished in Ghent. The race was won by Jef Planckaert.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [20, 20], "content_span": [21, 206]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076192-0000-0000", "contents": "1958 Open Championship\nThe 1958 Open Championship was the 87th Open Championship, held from 2\u20135 July at the Royal Lytham & St Annes Golf Club in Lytham St Annes, England. Peter Thomson won his fourth Claret Jug in five years in a 36-hole Saturday playoff, four strokes ahead of Dave Thomas. It was the first playoff at the Open since 1949 and the seventh consecutive year that Thomson, 28, finished either as champion or runner-up. The 278 scored by Thomas and Thomson was a record low for the Open.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [22, 22], "content_span": [23, 499]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076192-0001-0000", "contents": "1958 Open Championship\nQualifying took place on 30 June\u20131 July. Entries played 18 holes at Royal Lytham & St Annes and 18 holes at Fairhaven. With over 300 entries qualifying was played in three-balls, as had also been the case in 1956. The number of qualifiers was limited to a maximum of 100. Ties for 100th place would not qualify. The qualifying score was 148 and 96 players qualified. Peter Thomson led the qualifiers on 133 after scoring 63 on the Championship course in his first qualifying round.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [22, 22], "content_span": [23, 504]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076192-0001-0001", "contents": "1958 Open Championship\nHis total of 133 was a record for qualifying, surpassing the 134 scored by Bobby Jones in 1926 and by John Panton in 1952. Ken Bousfield, one of the successes of the British 1957 Ryder Cup team and the American Frank Stranahan were amongst those who scored 149 and failed to qualify. Stranahan was suffering from a back muscle strain and took 81 in his second qualifying round.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [22, 22], "content_span": [23, 400]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076192-0002-0000", "contents": "1958 Open Championship\nThe total prize money was increased from \u00a33,750 to \u00a34,850. The winner's prize remained unchanged at \u00a31,000 but the prizes for second to tenth place were increased. Second place received \u00a3650 with \u00a3500 for third, \u00a3350 for fourth, \u00a3300 for fifth, \u00a3250 for sixth, \u00a3200 for seventh, \u00a3150 for eighth, \u00a3125 for ninth and \u00a3100 for tenth. The prizes of \u00a330 for the next 15 places and then \u00a325 each for the next 25 players were unchanged. The prize for winning the qualification event was increased to \u00a350 while the four \u00a325 prizes for the lowest score in each round were also unchanged.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [22, 22], "content_span": [23, 601]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076192-0003-0000", "contents": "1958 Open Championship\nThe maximum number of players making the cut after 36 holes was set at 50. Ties for 50th place did not make the cut. Just 40 players qualified for the final two rounds by scoring 147 or better. 10 players had scored 148 but that number became 11 when they were joined by Peter Mills after he holed a short putt at the 18th, the last shot of the day. He himself missed the cut but by holing the putt he also eliminated the other 10, who would have qualified had he missed it.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [22, 22], "content_span": [23, 497]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076192-0004-0000", "contents": "1958 Open Championship\nEric Brown moved into contention after a third round 65, coming home in 30. In the tournament's final round, playing almost an hour before the leaders, he had 2s at the 9th and 12th holes in the afternoon but at the last he drove into a bunker and then 3-putted for a 6, finishing on 279. Thomas and Thomson, in the second to last group, both needed 4 to beat Brown.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [22, 22], "content_span": [23, 389]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076192-0004-0001", "contents": "1958 Open Championship\nThomas two putted from 12 yards for his 4 but Thomson had a 10 foot putt for a 3. His putt just missed and he tied with Thomas on 278. The final group included the overnight leader Christy O'Connor and Leopoldo Ruiz. They both reached the 18th needing a 4 to join Thomas and Thomson. However, unlike the previous group, they both drove into bunkers. Ruiz took two to get out of the bunker and his chance was gone. O'Connor's third from 100 yards shaved the hole but he was left with a 16 foot putt to tie the leaders. The putt grazed the hole and finished 4 inches past. Ruiz eventually took 7 to finish three behind.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [22, 22], "content_span": [23, 640]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076192-0005-0000", "contents": "1958 Open Championship\nIn the playoff on Saturday, Thomson was four up after seven holes but Thomas had reduced the lead to one at lunch. Thomson gained another stroke on the first hole of the afternoon round but Thomas picked up a stroke on each of the next two holes to tie the scores. The scores were still level after 7 holes but at the 8th Thomson holed from 8 feet while Thomas missed a shorter one. Thomson got a birdie 3 at the 10th where Thomas again missed a putt taking 5. Thomas then took 5 at the 11th to give Thomson a four shot lead which he held to the end.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [22, 22], "content_span": [23, 573]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076192-0006-0000", "contents": "1958 Open Championship\nOnly two Americans were in the field of 96: Gene Sarazen, the 1932 champion, finished ten strokes back at age 56, in a tie for 16th place. Monte Bradley, a 27-year-old Army private from Texas, shot 154 and missed the cut by seven strokes.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [22, 22], "content_span": [23, 261]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076192-0007-0000", "contents": "1958 Open Championship, Round summaries, Second round\nAmateurs: Carr (+2), Charles (+8), Deighton (+8), Scrutton (+9), Perowne (+10), Fox (+10), Randall (+12), Byrne (+14), Slater (+20).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [24, 53], "content_span": [54, 186]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076193-0000-0000", "contents": "1958 Orange Bowl\nThe 1958 Orange Bowl matched the Duke Blue Devils and the Oklahoma Sooners, played in Miami, Florida, on New Year's Day.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 16], "section_span": [16, 16], "content_span": [17, 137]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076193-0001-0000", "contents": "1958 Orange Bowl, Background\nThis was Duke's second Orange Bowl appearance in four seasons, having last appeared in January 1955. They finished second in the Atlantic Coast Conference to North Carolina State, though Duke was invited due to the Wolfpack being on probation. Oklahoma was champion of the Big Seven Conference for the twelfth straight year and were in the Orange Bowl for the fourth time in six seasons (the two absences were due to the conference's rescinded no-repeat rule).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 16], "section_span": [18, 28], "content_span": [29, 489]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076193-0002-0000", "contents": "1958 Orange Bowl, Game summary\nDespite being outgained in yards and having more penalties, Oklahoma converted six Duke mistakes (2 fumbles, 2 interceptions, a blocked punt and a wild snap) into touchdowns. Dave Baker returned an interception 94 yards to give the Sooners an early 7\u20130 lead. Clendon Thomas scored on a touchdown run after a bad punt formation on Duke. Hal McElhaney narrowed the lead on his own touchdown run to make it 14-7 at halftime.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 16], "section_span": [18, 30], "content_span": [31, 452]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076193-0003-0000", "contents": "1958 Orange Bowl, Game summary\nCarl Dodd increased Oklahoma's lead to 21\u20137, but George Dutrow ran in for a touchdown to make it 21\u201314 at the end of three quarters. Sandefer and Baker both scored in the fourth quarter and Hobby caught a pass from Baker as Oklahoma scored three times in three minutes on three more Duke turnovers to make it 41\u201314. McElhaney narrowed the lead on his second touchdown of the game. Duke was given another chance to narrow it again, but the Sooners intercepted George Harris' pass for the second time as Dick Carpenter returned it for a touchdown and sealed the game for Oklahoma, who won their third Orange Bowl in five seasons.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 16], "section_span": [18, 30], "content_span": [31, 658]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076193-0004-0000", "contents": "1958 Orange Bowl, Aftermath\nThis remains Duke's last Orange Bowl appearance; Oklahoma returned the following year and won again.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 16], "section_span": [18, 27], "content_span": [28, 128]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076194-0000-0000", "contents": "1958 Oregon State Beavers football team\nThe 1958 Oregon State Beavers football team represented Oregon State College in the Pacific Coast Conference (PCC) during the 1958 NCAA University Division football season. In\u00a0their fourth season under head coach Tommy Prothro, the Beavers compiled a 6\u20134 record (5\u20133 in PCC, fourth), and were outscored 98\u00a0to\u00a0118. They played three home games on campus at Parker Stadium in Corvallis and two at Multnomah Stadium in\u00a0Portland.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [39, 39], "content_span": [40, 465]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076194-0001-0000", "contents": "1958 Oregon State Beavers football team\nThis was the final football season in the PCC, which disbanded the following spring; Oregon State was an independent for the next five seasons.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [39, 39], "content_span": [40, 183]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076195-0000-0000", "contents": "1958 Oregon Webfoots football team\nThe 1958 Oregon Webfoots football team represented the University of Oregon in the Pacific Coast Conference (PCC) during the 1958 NCAA University Division football season. In their eighth season under head coach Len Casanova, the Webfoots compiled a 4\u20136 record (4\u20134 against PCC opponents), finished in fifth place in the PCC, and outscored their opponents, 93 to 50. The team played its home games at Hayward Field in Eugene, Oregon.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [34, 34], "content_span": [35, 468]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076195-0001-0000", "contents": "1958 Oregon Webfoots football team\nThe team's statistical leaders included Dave Grosz with 468 passing yards and Willie West with 470 rushing yards and 140 receiving yards.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [34, 34], "content_span": [35, 172]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076196-0000-0000", "contents": "1958 Oregon gubernatorial election\nThe 1958 Oregon gubernatorial election took place on November 4, 1958. Republican nominee Mark Hatfield defeated Democratic incumbent Robert D. Holmes to win the election.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [34, 34], "content_span": [35, 206]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076197-0000-0000", "contents": "1958 Orsz\u00e1gos Bajnoks\u00e1g I (men's water polo)\n1958 Orsz\u00e1gos Bajnoks\u00e1g I (men's water polo) was the 52nd water polo championship in Hungary. There were ten teams who played two-round match for the title.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [44, 44], "content_span": [45, 201]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076197-0001-0000", "contents": "1958 Orsz\u00e1gos Bajnoks\u00e1g I (men's water polo), Final list\n* M: Matches W: Win D: Drawn L: Lost G+: Goals earned G-: Goals got P: Point", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [46, 56], "content_span": [57, 133]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076198-0000-0000", "contents": "1958 Ottawa Rough Riders season\nThe 1958 Ottawa Rough Riders finished in 3rd place in the IRFU with a 6\u20138 record but lost to the Hamilton Tiger-Cats in the East Finals. This was also the Rough Riders' first season in the Canadian Football League as the league was formed in this year.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [31, 31], "content_span": [32, 284]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076199-0000-0000", "contents": "1958 Ottawa municipal election\nThe city of Ottawa, Canada held municipal elections on December 5, 1958.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [30, 30], "content_span": [31, 103]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076200-0000-0000", "contents": "1958 PFC Cherno More Varna season\nThe 1958 season was Cherno More's second consecutive season in A Group after the dramatic survival in 1957. The club competed as Botev Varna. The Republican Section for Football, having decided in favor of reorganizing the league to a fall-to-spring cycle, halted the season on 6 July 1958 with the teams having played each other once. League leaders CDNA were declared champions and no teams were relegated.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [33, 33], "content_span": [34, 442]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076201-0000-0000", "contents": "1958 PGA Championship\nThe 1958 PGA Championship was the 40th PGA Championship, played July 17\u201320 at Llanerch Country Club in Havertown, Pennsylvania, a suburb west of Philadelphia. It was the first PGA Championship held in its current stroke play format, 72 holes over four days, ending on Sunday. The previous editions were at match play, with the two most recent ones at seven rounds over five days, the final two rounds at 36 holes per match. The announcement of the change was made eight months earlier in November.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [21, 21], "content_span": [22, 519]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076201-0001-0000", "contents": "1958 PGA Championship\nDow Finsterwald, the runner-up in 1957, shot a final round 67 to win his only major title, two shots ahead of runner-up Billy Casper. Finsterwald's round-by-round scores were 67-72-70-67=276, 4-under-par on the par-70 course. Sam Snead led after 54 holes in pursuit of a fourth title, but faded to third with a final round 73 (+3). The winner's share was $5,500, down from the previous year's $8,000.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [21, 21], "content_span": [22, 422]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076201-0002-0000", "contents": "1958 PGA Championship\nThe Open Championship was held two weeks earlier in England at Royal Lytham & St Annes, with only two Americans in the field; Gene Sarazen finished 16th, but missed the first cut at the PGA Championship.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [21, 21], "content_span": [22, 225]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076202-0000-0000", "contents": "1958 Pacific Tigers football team\nThe 1958 Pacific Tigers football team represented the College of the Pacific during the 1958 NCAA University Division football season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [33, 33], "content_span": [34, 168]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076202-0001-0000", "contents": "1958 Pacific Tigers football team\nPacific competed as an independent in 1958. They played home games in Pacific Memorial Stadium in Stockton, California. In their sixth season under head coach Jack Myers, the Tigers finished with a record of six wins and four losses (6\u20134). For the season they outscored their opponents 266\u2013178.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [33, 33], "content_span": [34, 328]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076202-0002-0000", "contents": "1958 Pacific Tigers football team, Team players in the NFL\nThe following College of the Pacific players were selected in the 1959 NFL Draft.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 58], "content_span": [59, 140]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076203-0000-0000", "contents": "1958 Pacific hurricane season\nThe 1958 Pacific hurricane season saw thirteen tropical systems. It officially started on May 15, 1958, in the eastern Pacific and lasted until November 30, 1958.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [29, 29], "content_span": [30, 192]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076203-0001-0000", "contents": "1958 Pacific hurricane season, Systems, Tropical Storm Two\nTropical Storm Two existed from June 13 to June 15.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 58], "content_span": [59, 110]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076203-0002-0000", "contents": "1958 Pacific hurricane season, Systems, Hurricane Three\nHurricane Three existed from July 19 to July 21. Hurricane Three was of full hurricane strength when located on the 19th at 18N 129W by observations taken on the WAITEMATA. It traveled directly westward to about 18N 139W on the 21st.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 55], "content_span": [56, 289]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076203-0003-0000", "contents": "1958 Pacific hurricane season, Systems, Hurricane Four\nHurricane Four existed from July 21 to July 25. A tropical storm built up at 19N 125W. This tropical storm moved westward and northwestward from the 21st. It became a hurricane on the 23rd near 19N 132W but only for a day. It continued northwestward to about 24N 136W on the 25th then degenerated to a squally area", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 54], "content_span": [55, 369]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076203-0004-0000", "contents": "1958 Pacific hurricane season, Systems, Tropical Storm Five\nTropical Storm Five existed from July 26 to July 30. A tropical storm about 140\u00a0mi. west of Acapulco, Mexico was located in the 26th. This storm had winds of 45 to 55 kt. from the time if its identification until the 29th. It moved northwestward off the coast of Mexico finally breaking up into an area of squalls near 26N 117W on the 30th.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 59], "content_span": [60, 400]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076203-0005-0000", "contents": "1958 Pacific hurricane season, Systems, Tropical Storm Six\nTropical Storm Six existed from July 31 to August 1.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 58], "content_span": [59, 111]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076203-0006-0000", "contents": "1958 Pacific hurricane season, Systems, Tropical Storm Seven\nA tropical storm developed rapidly just east of Hawaii on August 7. It moved westward into Hilo, where its circulation was greatly disrupted. A weakened depression persisted for 2 more days before dissipating. While weak, the storm caused very heavy flooding resulting in $500,000 in damage. A private plane crashed near Hilo Airport on the 7th, killing the pilot and injuring the two passengers.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 60], "content_span": [61, 457]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076203-0007-0000", "contents": "1958 Pacific hurricane season, Systems, Tropical Storm Eight\nTropical Storm Eight existed from August 13 to August 14.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 60], "content_span": [61, 118]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076203-0008-0000", "contents": "1958 Pacific hurricane season, Systems, Tropical Storm Ten\nIn mid-September, a tropical storm moved up the Baja California coast.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 58], "content_span": [59, 129]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076203-0009-0000", "contents": "1958 Pacific hurricane season, Systems, Hurricane June\nTyphoon June briefly crossed over the date line on September 20.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 54], "content_span": [55, 119]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076203-0010-0000", "contents": "1958 Pacific hurricane season, Systems, Hurricane Eleven\nA hurricane moved northward through Baja California and Mexico and dissipated over New Mexico.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 56], "content_span": [57, 151]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076203-0011-0000", "contents": "1958 Pacific hurricane season, Systems, Tropical Storm Twelve\nTropical Storm Twelve existed from October 14 to October 17.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 61], "content_span": [62, 122]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076204-0000-0000", "contents": "1958 Pacific typhoon season\nThe 1958 Pacific typhoon season was an event in the annual cycle of tropical cyclone formation. The season had no official bounds, but tropical cyclones in the Western Pacific Ocean normally develop between May and October. The season was below average in storms, with only twenty-three, but there were a high 21 typhoons. In addition to these, there were also nine tropical storms tracked only by the JMA. The season began very early, with a very rare super typhoon in January, Ophelia, and ended in early December with Typhoon Olga.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [27, 27], "content_span": [28, 562]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076204-0001-0000", "contents": "1958 Pacific typhoon season\nThe scope of this article is limited to the Pacific Ocean, north of the equator and west of the international date line. Storms that form east of the date line and north of the equator are called hurricanes; see 1958 Pacific hurricane season. Tropical Storms formed in the entire west pacific basin were assigned a name by the Fleet Weather Center on Guam.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [27, 27], "content_span": [28, 384]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076204-0002-0000", "contents": "1958 Pacific typhoon season, Systems, Typhoon Ophelia\nAt noon on December 31, a vortex was noted along the Intertropical Convergence Zone about 1,300 miles (2,100\u00a0km) south of Hawaii. On January 7, the relatively small tropical storm struck Jaluit Atoll within the southern Marshall Islands, killing 14\u00a0people. It rapidly intensified, and reached winds of 140 miles per hour (230\u00a0km/h) the next day. Conditions became unfavorable, and steadily weakened to 105 miles per hour (169\u00a0km/h) winds. Ponape was struck on January 10, where Ophelia tore off the roof of the United States Weather Bureau office. On January 11, Truk was struck.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 53], "content_span": [54, 633]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076204-0002-0001", "contents": "1958 Pacific typhoon season, Systems, Typhoon Ophelia\nThe Weather Bureau's inflation shelter was destroyed, with other buildings on site severely damaged. On the 12th, favorable conditions allowed Ophelia to reintensify, reaching a peak of 160 miles per hour (260\u00a0km/h) on the 13th. Ophelia severely impacted Yap, removing the Weather Bureau office's sheet metal roof and damaging the inflation building, theodolite, and radio antenna. After maintaining that intensity for 18\u00a0hours, it quickly weakened as it drifted northward, and dissipated on the 17th. Typhoon Ophelia caused widespread on several islands of the Western Pacific. Ophelia also killed nine people when a USAF WB-50 crashed during a recon flight into the storm on January 15.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 53], "content_span": [54, 742]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076204-0003-0000", "contents": "1958 Pacific typhoon season, Systems, JMA Tropical Storm Two\nTropical Storm 02 developed on April 29. It struck Philippines before dissipating on the following day.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 60], "content_span": [61, 164]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076204-0004-0000", "contents": "1958 Pacific typhoon season, Systems, Typhoon Phyllis\nOn May 29, Super Typhoon Phyllis attained a peak of 185 miles per hour (298\u00a0km/h), the strongest typhoon ever in the month of May. Phyllis remained over open waters, and dissipated on the 2nd to the southeast of Japan. Phyllis's record was surpassed by Typhoon Damrey in 2000, and later Typhoon Noul in 2015.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 53], "content_span": [54, 362]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076204-0005-0000", "contents": "1958 Pacific typhoon season, Systems, JMA Tropical Storm Four\nTropical Storm 04 developed in the South China Sea on May\u00a026. It struck the Chinese province of Guangdong and Hainan, before dissipating on June\u00a06.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 61], "content_span": [62, 209]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076204-0006-0000", "contents": "1958 Pacific typhoon season, Systems, JMA Tropical Storm Six\nTropical Storm 06 developed on June\u00a08. It crossed the Ryukyu Islands of Japan, before dissipating on June\u00a013.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 60], "content_span": [61, 170]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076204-0007-0000", "contents": "1958 Pacific typhoon season, Systems, Typhoon Tess\nTyphoon Tess developed in the vicinity of the Federated States of Micronesia on June\u00a028. The storm moved generally west-northwestward and northwestward, reaching the Ryukyu Islands before dissipating on July\u00a06.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 50], "content_span": [51, 261]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076204-0008-0000", "contents": "1958 Pacific typhoon season, Systems, Typhoon Winnie\nTropical Storm Winnie formed on July 12 to the east of Luzon. It moved northwestward, rapidly intensifying to a Category\u00a04 typhoon within 12\u00a0hours. The typhoon weakened slightly, but rapidly strengthened to a 175-mile-per-hour (282\u00a0km/h) super typhoon just before hitting eastern Taiwan on the 15th. Winnie rapidly weakened over the mountainous terrain, and after crossing the Formosa Strait Winnie hit southeastern China. It continued to weaken over land, and dissipated on the 17th. Winnie caused 31 casualties and 53 injuries in Taiwan while crossing.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 52], "content_span": [53, 607]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076204-0009-0000", "contents": "1958 Pacific typhoon season, Systems, Typhoon Betty\nTyphoon Betty existed in the South China Sea from July\u00a013 to July\u00a016.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 51], "content_span": [52, 121]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076204-0010-0000", "contents": "1958 Pacific typhoon season, Systems, Typhoon Alice\nTropical Storm Alice developed on July 14 in the open western Pacific Ocean. It moved to the northwest and attained typhoon status on the 16th. Alice rapidly intensified on the 19th to a 150-mile-per-hour (240\u00a0km/h) super typhoon, and after turning to the northeast it weakened. Alice hit southeastern Japan on the 22nd, and became extratropical on the 24th near the Kamchatka Peninsula.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 51], "content_span": [52, 439]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076204-0011-0000", "contents": "1958 Pacific typhoon season, Systems, Typhoon Alice\nShortly after Typhoon Alice made landfall, storm surges occurred in Tokyo Bay, causing floods in K\u014dt\u014d and Edogawa on Shitamachi region. In the area of Kameido (now a station), storm surge in Tokyo Bay reached 2.89 meters in height. Storm surges caused flooding of rivers around Tokyo Bay that damaged 21 ships, damaged 27,673 hectare of crops, destroyed 1,089 and inundated 46,243 houses. Alice caused the deaths of 26 people in total, injuring 64 people and 14 people went missing.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 51], "content_span": [52, 534]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076204-0012-0000", "contents": "1958 Pacific typhoon season, Systems, JMA Tropical Storm Fourteen\nTropical Storm Fourteen developed in the South China Sea on July\u00a019. It struck Fujian before dissipating on July\u00a025.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 65], "content_span": [66, 182]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076204-0013-0000", "contents": "1958 Pacific typhoon season, Systems, JMA Tropical Storm Sixteen\nTyphoon 16 developed in the South China Sea on August\u00a05. It struck China before dissipating on August\u00a011.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 64], "content_span": [65, 170]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076204-0014-0000", "contents": "1958 Pacific typhoon season, Systems, Typhoon Flossie\nOn August 21, a tropical depression formed in the open ocean and moved northward. It reached tropical storm status later that day, and attained typhoon strength on the 22nd. Flossie peaked at 105 miles per hour (169\u00a0km/h) on the 22nd, and weakened to a 70-mile-per-hour (110\u00a0km/h) tropical storm just before hitting the southeastern coast of Japan on the 25th. Flossie turned to the east, and after becoming extratropical on the 26th the storm dissipated on the 27th. The storm caused 15 casualties (with 30\u00a0missing) and 39 injuries in Tokyo.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 53], "content_span": [54, 596]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076204-0015-0000", "contents": "1958 Pacific typhoon season, Systems, JMA Tropical Storm Eighteen\nTropical Storm 18 existed from August\u00a025 to August\u00a031.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 65], "content_span": [66, 120]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076204-0016-0000", "contents": "1958 Pacific typhoon season, Systems, Typhoon Grace\nAnother typhoon developed in the vicinity of the Federated States of Micronesia on August\u00a029. The system moved northwestward and eventually strengthened into a super typhoon. Grace peaked with a minimum barometric pressure of 905\u00a0mbar (26.7\u00a0inHg). It later struck Zhejiang before becoming extratropical on September\u00a05.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 51], "content_span": [52, 370]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076204-0017-0000", "contents": "1958 Pacific typhoon season, Systems, JMA Tropical Storm Twenty\nTropical Storm 24 existed from September\u00a02 to September\u00a013.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 63], "content_span": [64, 123]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076204-0018-0000", "contents": "1958 Pacific typhoon season, Systems, Typhoon Helen\nTyphoon Helen, which formed on September 9, rapidly intensified to a 175-mile-per-hour (282\u00a0km/h) super typhoon on the 14th. It moved to the northeast, and steadily weakened until hitting southeastern Japan as a 105-mile-per-hour (169\u00a0km/h) typhoon on the 17th. It paralleled the Japanese coastline, and after turning northward it became extratropical on the 19th in the Sea of Okhotsk. Helen's effects caused 24 fatalities (with 44\u00a0missing) and 108 injuries.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 51], "content_span": [52, 511]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076204-0019-0000", "contents": "1958 Pacific typhoon season, Systems, Typhoon Ida\nOn September 20, Tropical Storm Ida formed in the central Western Pacific. It moved to the west, rapidly strengthening to a 115-mile-per-hour (185\u00a0km/h) typhoon by the next day. On the 22nd Ida turned to the north and quickly intensified, reaching super typhoon status on the 23rd and peak winds of 200 miles per hour (320\u00a0km/h) on the 24th. Such winds are speculative, due to the lack of satellite or quality in measurements, but Ida was likely a formidable typhoon with a record low pressure (at the time) of 877 mbar.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 49], "content_span": [50, 570]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076204-0019-0001", "contents": "1958 Pacific typhoon season, Systems, Typhoon Ida\nIda weakened as it continued to the north-northeast, and made landfall on southeastern Honsh\u016b with winds of 80 miles per hour (130\u00a0km/h) on the 26th. It became extratropical the next day, and dissipated on the 28th to the east of the country. Ida caused torrential flooding to southeastern Japan, resulting in over 1,900 mudslides. Damage along the coastline was extensive, including two small villages that were washed away completely. Nearly 500,000 were left homeless, 888 were killed, 496 were injured, and 381 were missing from the storm.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 49], "content_span": [50, 593]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076204-0020-0000", "contents": "1958 Pacific typhoon season, Systems, Typhoon June\nTyphoon June existed from September\u00a020 to September\u00a022. It briefly crossed the dateline.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 50], "content_span": [51, 139]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076204-0021-0000", "contents": "1958 Pacific typhoon season, Systems, JMA Tropical Storm Twenty-four\nTropical Storm 24 existed from September\u00a024 to September\u00a029.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 68], "content_span": [69, 129]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076204-0022-0000", "contents": "1958 Pacific typhoon season, Systems, Typhoon Kathy\nTyphoon Kathy developed just east of the Philippines on October\u00a021. It moved across the islands and entered the South China Sea. There, the system strengthened, and subsequently dissipated on October\u00a027.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 51], "content_span": [52, 255]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076204-0023-0000", "contents": "1958 Pacific typhoon season, Systems, Typhoon Nancy\nTyphoon Nancy developed near Palau on November\u00a021. The system strengthened into a super typhoon, peaking with a minimum barometric pressure of 920\u00a0mbar (27\u00a0inHg). Nancy dissipated on November\u00a026.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 51], "content_span": [52, 247]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076204-0024-0000", "contents": "1958 Pacific typhoon season, Systems, Tropical Storm Pamela\nTropical Storm Pamela existed from November\u00a030 to December\u00a04.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 59], "content_span": [60, 121]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076205-0000-0000", "contents": "1958 Pakistani coup d'\u00e9tat\nThe 1958 Pakistani coup d'\u00e9tat refers to the events between October 7, when the President of Pakistan Iskander Mirza abrogated the Constitution of Pakistan and declared martial law, and October 27, when Mirza himself was deposed by Gen. Ayub Khan, the Commander-in-Chief of the Pakistan Army. There were a number of Prime Ministers between 1956 and 1958 and it reached a stage when General Ayub Khan felt the army should take control to restore stability. East Pakistan\u2019s politicians wanted more say in the running of the central government, which increased tension. Iskander Mirza had lost the support of many of the leading politicians and was alarmed at a plan by Suhrawardy to unite the political leadership of Bengal and Punjab against him. Therefore he turned to Ayub Khan and the military for help.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [26, 26], "content_span": [27, 832]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076205-0001-0000", "contents": "1958 Pakistani coup d'\u00e9tat, History\nThe prelude to Ayub Khan's declaring martial law in Pakistan was fraught with political tension and sectarian politics in which the political establishment of the new country alienated its citizens through controversial governance and perceived political failings. Among the most controversial failings of the government were the continued uncertainly around canal water disputes causing a rift between the largely still agriculturally dependent economy of Pakistan's government and citizen farmers as well as the general geopolitical failure to adequately deal with the Indian threat to Pakistani Sovereignty in the disputed region of Jammu and Kashmir.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [28, 35], "content_span": [36, 690]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076205-0001-0001", "contents": "1958 Pakistani coup d'\u00e9tat, History\nIn 1956 the Constituent Assembly of Pakistan approved a constitution that ended Pakistan's status as an independent Dominion of the British Empire, to create an Islamic Republic of Pakistan. Maj. Gen. Iskander Mirza, as the last Governor General of Pakistan, automatically became the state's first president. The new constitution was, however, followed by a period of political turmoil in Pakistan which further agitated the populace and factions within the military.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [28, 35], "content_span": [36, 503]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076205-0001-0002", "contents": "1958 Pakistani coup d'\u00e9tat, History\nIn the two-year period between 1956 and 1958, this turmoil saw four prime ministers - Chaudhry Muhammad Ali, Huseyn Shaheed Suhrawardy, Ibrahim Ismail Chundrigar and Sir Feroz Khan Noon -in rapid succession. A precedent existed in Pakistan whereby a Governor-General\u2014in 1956 that office belonged to Malik Ghulam Muhammad before its powers were assumed by the president\u2014could dismiss a prime minister and rule by decree until a new government could be formed. Many viewed Mirza's use of this power as a deliberate manipulation of the constitution for his own ends.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [28, 35], "content_span": [36, 599]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076205-0001-0003", "contents": "1958 Pakistani coup d'\u00e9tat, History\nIn particular, Mizra's One Unit scheme amalgamating the provinces of Pakistan into two wings - West Pakistan and East Pakistan - was politically controversial and proved difficult and costly to enforce. The quick succession of prime ministers as a result of Iskander Mirza's controversial actions fostered the view within the military that the public would support a coup against Pakistan's civil government and allow Ayub Khan to cease control of the country.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [28, 35], "content_span": [36, 496]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076205-0002-0000", "contents": "1958 Pakistani coup d'\u00e9tat, Martial law\nOn October 7, President Iskander Mirza declared martial law in Pakistan. He abrogated the constitution of 1956, describing it as \"unworkable\" and full of \"dangerous compromises.\" He dismissed the government of Sir Feroz Khan Noon, dissolved the National Assembly of Pakistan and the provincial legislatures. Mirza also proceeded to outlaw all political parties. He appointed General Ayub Khan, the Commander-in-Chief of the Pakistani army as the Chief Martial Law Administrator and nominated him to become the new Prime Minister of Pakistan, charged with administering the country.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [28, 39], "content_span": [40, 621]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076205-0003-0000", "contents": "1958 Pakistani coup d'\u00e9tat, Deposing of Mirza\nOn October 27, Iskander Mirza resigned from the presidency, transferring it to Ayub Khan. Both men saw the other as a rival to their respective positions. Mirza believed his own position had become largely redundant after Ayub Khan assumed most executive powers as chief martial law administrator and prime minister, and acted to assert himself, while Ayub Khan thought Mirza was conspiring against him. It is widely held that Ayub Khan and generals loyal to him forced Mirza to resign. Mirza was later taken to Quetta, the capital of the province of Baluchistan, before being exiled on November 27 to London, England, where he resided until his death in 1969.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [28, 45], "content_span": [46, 706]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076205-0004-0000", "contents": "1958 Pakistani coup d'\u00e9tat, Consolidation\nAyub Khan combined the offices of president and prime minister, becoming both the head of state and government. He created a cabinet of technocrats, diplomats, and military officers. These included Air Marshal Asghar Khan and Zulfikar Ali Bhutto, the future prime minister. In contrast, with future Pakistani military rulers such as Gen. Zia-ul-Haq and Gen. Pervez Musharraf, Ayub Khan did not seek to hold the posts of president and army chief simultaneously. He appointed Gen. Muhammad Musa as the new commander-in-chief. Ayub Khan also obtained judicial validation of his move when the Supreme Court of Pakistan validated and legalised his take-over under the \"Doctrine of necessity.\"", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [28, 41], "content_span": [42, 729]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076205-0005-0000", "contents": "1958 Pakistani coup d'\u00e9tat, Reactions\nThe coup was received positively in Pakistan as relief from unstable governments and weak political leadership. There was hope that strong central leadership could stabilise the economy and promote modernisation and the restoration of a stable form of democracy. The Ayub Khan regime was also supported by foreign governments such as the United States.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [28, 37], "content_span": [38, 390]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076206-0000-0000", "contents": "1958 Palanca Awards\nThe Carlos Palanca Memorial Awards for Literature winners in the year 1958 (rank, title of winning entry, name of author).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [19, 19], "content_span": [20, 142]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076207-0000-0000", "contents": "1958 Paraguayan Primera Divisi\u00f3n season\nThe 1958 season of the Paraguayan Primera Divisi\u00f3n, the top category of Paraguayan football, was played by 8 teams. The national champions were Olimpia.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [39, 39], "content_span": [40, 192]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076208-0000-0000", "contents": "1958 Paraguayan general election\nGeneral elections were held in Paraguay on 9 February 1958. At the time, the Colorado Party was the only legally permitted party. As such, incumbent president Alfredo Stroessner was unopposed for a full term; he had been in office since 1954 by virtue of winning a special election for the remainder of Federico Ch\u00e1vez' second term.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [32, 32], "content_span": [33, 365]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076209-0000-0000", "contents": "1958 Paraguayan general strike\nThe 1958 Paraguayan general strike was a general strike organized in Paraguay in August 1958, marking the first national general strike in the country. The strike was called by the Confederaci\u00f3n Paraguaya de Trabajadores (CPT; 'Paraguayan Workers' Confederation'), with demand such as a 30% raise in salaries, a general declaration of amnesty, a lifting of the state of emergency, a more equitable economic policy, securing the freedom to participate in political and trade union activities and the holding of a constituent assembly.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [30, 30], "content_span": [31, 564]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076209-0001-0000", "contents": "1958 Paraguayan general strike\nThe strike was organized in the backdrop of an internal power struggle within the Colorado Party, between the civilian wing led by Epifanio M\u00e9ndez Fleitas and the Colorado elements in the armed forces led by General Alfredo Stroessner. The CPT leadership was closely connected to the M\u00e9ndez Fleitas faction.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [30, 30], "content_span": [31, 338]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076209-0002-0000", "contents": "1958 Paraguayan general strike\nPro -strike committees were formed in preparation for the strike, one 96-member committee was organized by the CPT and others were set up by the CPT affiliate unions. Acci\u00f3n Cat\u00f3lica also voiced support for the strike. Around 10,000 workers gathered on August 26, 1958, for a meeting at the CPT central office in Asunci\u00f3n were a four-member strike committee was elected.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [30, 30], "content_span": [31, 401]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076209-0003-0000", "contents": "1958 Paraguayan general strike\nThe strike call had caught the Alfredo Stroessner government by surprise. Initially it responded by offering the CPT a 15% salary raise, an offer that the four-member strike committee rejected. By mid-night August 26\u201327, 1958 the general strike was called. The response on behalf of the state was swift. A workers' rally was dispersed by police. The CPT headquarters were surrounded by army and police forces. Over 200 trade union leaders, mainly from CPT, were arrested during the protests. Even the CPT general secretary was arrested (who, as a member of parliament, enjoyed parliamentary immunity). Offices of trade unions were closed down. Communist leaders such as Antonio Maidana, Julio Rojas and Alfredo Alcorta were captured and would remain jailed for two decades.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [30, 30], "content_span": [31, 804]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076209-0004-0000", "contents": "1958 Paraguayan general strike\nFollowing the strike, the Paraguayan labour movement found itself in shatters and without a functioning leadership. The government seized control over CPT. Exiled trade unionists in Argentina reorganized a 'CPT-Exile' (CPT-E) in response. Partially as a consequence of the crackdown on the strike and the closure of legal means to voice protest, many labour movement activists came to consider that armed struggle was the sole measure of organizing resistance to Stroessner.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [30, 30], "content_span": [31, 505]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076210-0000-0000", "contents": "1958 Paris\u2013Nice\nThe 1958 Paris\u2013Nice was the 16th edition of the Paris\u2013Nice cycle race and was held from 10 March to 16 March 1958. The race started in Paris and finished in Nice. The race was won by Fred De Bruyne of the Carpano team.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 15], "section_span": [15, 15], "content_span": [16, 234]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076211-0000-0000", "contents": "1958 Paris\u2013Roubaix\nThe 1958 Paris\u2013Roubaix was the 56th\u00a0edition of the Paris\u2013Roubaix, a classic one-day cycle race in France. The single day event was held on 13 April 1958 and stretched 269\u00a0km (167\u00a0mi) from Paris to the finish at Roubaix Velodrome. The winner was Leon Vandaele from Belgium.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 18], "section_span": [18, 18], "content_span": [19, 291]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076212-0000-0000", "contents": "1958 Paris\u2013Tours\nThe 1958 Paris\u2013Tours was the 52nd edition of the Paris\u2013Tours cycle race and was held on 5 October 1958. The race started in Paris and finished in Tours. The race was won by Gilbert Desmet.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 16], "section_span": [16, 16], "content_span": [17, 205]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076213-0000-0000", "contents": "1958 Parramatta by-election\nA by-election was held for the Australian House of Representatives seat of Parramatta on 8 March 1958. This was triggered by the resignation of Liberal MP and Supply and Defence Production Minister Howard Beale to become Australian Ambassador to the United States.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [27, 27], "content_span": [28, 292]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076213-0001-0000", "contents": "1958 Parramatta by-election\nThe by-election was won by Liberal candidate Sir Garfield Barwick.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [27, 27], "content_span": [28, 94]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076214-0000-0000", "contents": "1958 Pau Grand Prix\nThe 1958 Pau Grand Prix was a Formula Two motor race held on 7 April 1958 at the Pau circuit, in Pau, Pyr\u00e9n\u00e9es-Atlantiques, France. The Grand Prix was won by Maurice Trintignant, driving the Cooper T43. Hermano da Silva Ramos finished second and Giulio Cabianca third.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [19, 19], "content_span": [20, 288]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076215-0000-0000", "contents": "1958 Penn Quakers football team\nThe 1958 Penn Quakers football team was an American football team that represented the University of Pennsylvania as a member of the Ivy League during the 1958 NCAA University Division football season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [31, 31], "content_span": [32, 233]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076215-0001-0000", "contents": "1958 Penn Quakers football team\nIn their fifth year under head coach Steve Sebo, the Quakers compiled a 4\u20135 record and were outscored 177 to 153. Ray Kelly was the team captain.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [31, 31], "content_span": [32, 177]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076215-0002-0000", "contents": "1958 Penn Quakers football team\nPenn's 4\u20133 conference record tied for fourth place in the Ivy League. The Quakers outscored their Ivy opponents 145 to 84.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [31, 31], "content_span": [32, 154]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076215-0003-0000", "contents": "1958 Penn Quakers football team\nPenn played its home games at Franklin Field adjacent to the university's campus in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [31, 31], "content_span": [32, 143]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076216-0000-0000", "contents": "1958 Penn State Nittany Lions football team\nThe 1958 Penn State Nittany Lions football team represented the Pennsylvania State University in the 1958 NCAA University Division football season. The team was coached by Rip Engle and played its home games in New Beaver Field in University Park, Pennsylvania.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 43], "section_span": [43, 43], "content_span": [44, 305]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076217-0000-0000", "contents": "1958 Pennsylvania gubernatorial election\nThe 1958 Pennsylvania gubernatorial election was held on November 4. Democrat David Lawrence defeated Republican Art McGonigle by a smaller than anticipated margin.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [40, 40], "content_span": [41, 205]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076217-0001-0000", "contents": "1958 Pennsylvania gubernatorial election, Primary, Democratic\nDavid L. Lawrence easily dispatched incumbent Lieutenant Governor Roy Furman of Greene County, whose position within the party had been marginalized due to his poor relationship with Governor George Leader. Leader had once even described his colleague as unfit for the executive office.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [42, 61], "content_span": [62, 348]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076217-0002-0000", "contents": "1958 Pennsylvania gubernatorial election, Primary, Republican\nArthur T. McGonigle's major primary opponent was Harold Stassen, the former Governor of Minnesota and security advisor to President Eisenhower who was known for making a serious run for the party's nomination for president in 1948. Stassen had moved to the state to take the presidency of the University of Pennsylvania and was determined to return to electoral politics. Although the liberal Republican Stassen was viewed as a carpetbagger by state party machinery, his name recognition gave him credibility.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [42, 61], "content_span": [62, 571]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076217-0002-0001", "contents": "1958 Pennsylvania gubernatorial election, Primary, Republican\nMcGonigle waged a vigorous campaign to counter Stassen's challenge, which saw the bakery executive crisscross the state by car and gaining grassroots support. Bill Livengood, the longtime Secretary of Internal Affairs, also entered the race after failing to gain the support of his party for another term at this office, but his campaign gained little attention.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [42, 61], "content_span": [62, 424]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076217-0003-0000", "contents": "1958 Pennsylvania gubernatorial election, Campaign\nPennsylvania's branches of the two major parties entered the election in disparate states. Democrats were riding their largest wave of electoral success in nearly a century and quickly coalesced behind David L. Lawrence, the Mayor of Pittsburgh who had gained national fame as a reformer for his massive urban renewal projects earlier in the decade, but who retained a powerful traditional political machine  Although Lawrence worried that his age (he was 69 at the time of the campaign) and his pious Catholic faith may prove problematic, he was highly touted by party leaders . He easily defeated Lieutenant Governor Roy Furman in the primary after Governor Leader described Furman as unfit for higher office.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [42, 50], "content_span": [51, 762]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076217-0004-0000", "contents": "1958 Pennsylvania gubernatorial election, Campaign\nRepublicans, conversely, were just exiting a time in which their organization had gone through both electoral and financial disarray. The party had brought in McGonigle, a Reading businessman who had transformed Bachman Bakeries into the world's largest pretzel maker, to clean up their monetary problems. Although McGonigle had no intention of running for public office, his bookkeeping successes lead to many party bosses viewing him as a viable dark horse candidate.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [42, 50], "content_span": [51, 520]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076217-0005-0000", "contents": "1958 Pennsylvania gubernatorial election, Campaign\nLawrence entered the race as the clear favorite and ran on a platform emphasizing how the successes he had achieved in Pittsburgh, such as with environmentalism, economic development, race relations, and bureaucratic reform, could be applied to state government. He ran a generally quiet and issues-based campaign and grew frustrated with what he perceived as growing reactionary behavior from the opposing party. McGonigle\u2019s campaign was more energized and continuously attacked Lawrence both for representing an archaic machine style of politics and for his position that the possibility of instituting a state income tax deserved study.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [42, 50], "content_span": [51, 690]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076217-0006-0000", "contents": "1958 Pennsylvania gubernatorial election, Campaign\nDespite political winds that greatly favored Democrats in the national arena, the party's successes in the state were marginal. Lawrence\u2019s campaign was never able to invigorate the base of urban voters and unionized workers in the manner that McGonigle did with key Republicans. A combination of Lawrence\u2019s generally liberal viewpoints, powerful Appalachian anti-Catholicism and contempt for his position as leader as a strong political machine undercut support in one of the greatest areas of Democratic support: the outlying industrial counties surrounding Pittsburgh's Allegheny County. Despite a generally disappointing vote total, Lawrence was able to hang on to his frontrunner position to win the election.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [42, 50], "content_span": [51, 764]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076218-0000-0000", "contents": "1958 Pepperdine Waves football team\nThe 1958 Pepperdine Waves football team represented George Pepperdine College as an independent during the 1958 NCAA College Division football season. The team was led by fourth-year head coach John Scolinos and played home games at El Camino Stadium on the campus of El Camino College in Torrance, California. They finished the season with a record of 1\u20137.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [35, 35], "content_span": [36, 393]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076218-0001-0000", "contents": "1958 Pepperdine Waves football team, Team players in the NFL\nNo Pepperdine players were selected in the 1959 NFL Draft.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 60], "content_span": [61, 119]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076219-0000-0000", "contents": "1958 Peruvian Primera Divisi\u00f3n\nThe 1958 season of the Primera Divisi\u00f3n Peruana, the top category of Peruvian football, was played by 10 teams. The national champions were Sport Boys. At the end of the regular season (home and away matches) teams were split in 2 groups of 5 teams: top 5 played for the title and bottom 5 played for the relegation. Teams carried their regular season records and played an additional round (4 further matches).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [30, 30], "content_span": [31, 442]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076220-0000-0000", "contents": "1958 Philadelphia City Council special election\nPhiladelphia's City Council special election of 1958  was held to fill the 9th district seat vacated by Democrat Charles M. Finley when he died in office. Democrat Henry P. Carr defeated Republican Elizabeth Page Hanna for the seat.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 47], "section_span": [47, 47], "content_span": [48, 280]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076220-0001-0000", "contents": "1958 Philadelphia City Council special election\nSince 1951, insurance broker Charles M. Finley had represented the 9th district, which covered Oak Lane, Olney, and Logan. In August 1958, he died of a heart attack in 1958 while vacationing in Margate, New Jersey. With limited time to fill the seat, the parties selected the candidates directly rather than holding a primary. Democratic ward leaders in the district selected U.S. Commissioner Henry P. Carr to run for the open seat. Republicans selected Elizabeth Page Hanna, a member of the Republican State Committee. Carr was elected easily with 61% of the vote. He served in that office until 1968.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 47], "section_span": [47, 47], "content_span": [48, 651]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076221-0000-0000", "contents": "1958 Philadelphia Eagles season\nThe 1958 Philadelphia Eagles season was the franchise's 26th season in the National Football League (NFL). They failed to improve on their previous output of 4\u20138, winning only two games. The team failed to qualify for the playoffs for the ninth consecutive season. In the offseason, Vince Lombardi was offered the Eagles head coaching position but he refused it. He opted to stay as the Offensive Coordinator of the New York Giants.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [31, 31], "content_span": [32, 464]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076221-0001-0000", "contents": "1958 Philadelphia Eagles season, Off-season\nThe Eagles hired the Air Force Academy's 1st head coach Buck Shaw. Shaw took over a last-place Eagles team and started rebuilding. He was also the 1st coach of the San Francisco 49ers when they formed in the AAFC in 1946. He immediately dealt Buck Lansford, Jimmy Harris, and a first-round draft choice to the Los Angeles Rams for 32-year-old, nine-year veteran quarterback Norm Van Brocklin.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 43], "content_span": [44, 436]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076221-0002-0000", "contents": "1958 Philadelphia Eagles season, Off-season, NFL Draft\nThe 1958 NFL Draft was held on December 2, 1957 (rounds 1\u20134) and January 28, 1958 (rounds 5\u201330). The draft was 30 rounds long with 12 teams making picks. A total of 360 players were selected.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 54], "content_span": [55, 246]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076221-0003-0000", "contents": "1958 Philadelphia Eagles season, Off-season, NFL Draft\nWith a 4\u20138 record in 1957 the Eagles made the 6th pick in the 1st round.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 54], "content_span": [55, 127]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076221-0004-0000", "contents": "1958 Philadelphia Eagles season, Off-season, NFL Draft\nThis was the last year in which the Lottery Bonus Pick was used. The Chicago Cardinals had the number 1 pick of the draft and the Bonus Pick. They used the picks to select as Lottery Bonus Pick King Hill a Quarterback out of Rice University. With the 2nd pick they chose 1957 Heisman Trophy winner John David Crow a Halfback out of Texas A&M University", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 54], "content_span": [55, 407]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076221-0005-0000", "contents": "1958 Philadelphia Eagles season, Off-season, Player selections\nThe table shows the Eagles selections and what picks they had that were traded away and the team that ended up with that pick. It is possible the Eagles' pick ended up with this team via another team that the Eagles made a trade with. Not shown are acquired picks that the Eagles traded away.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 62], "content_span": [63, 355]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076221-0006-0000", "contents": "1958 Philadelphia Eagles season, Schedule, Standings\nNote: Tie games were not officially counted in the standings until 1972.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 52], "content_span": [53, 125]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076221-0007-0000", "contents": "1958 Philadelphia Eagles season, Roster\n(All time List of Philadelphia Eagles players in franchise history)", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 39], "content_span": [40, 107]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076222-0000-0000", "contents": "1958 Philadelphia Phillies season\nThe 1958 Philadelphia Phillies season was the 76th in franchise history. The Phillies finished the season in last place in the National League. It was the Phillies third losing season in five seasons, and their fourth losing season during the 1950s.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [33, 33], "content_span": [34, 283]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076222-0001-0000", "contents": "1958 Philadelphia Phillies season, Offseason, Spring training\nFollowing their off-season move from Brooklyn to Los Angeles, the Dodgers played their first game as the Los Angeles Dodgers against the Phillies at Miami Stadium in the 1958 spring training opener on March 8, 1958. The Phillies won 7 to 4.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 61], "content_span": [62, 302]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076222-0002-0000", "contents": "1958 Philadelphia Phillies season, Regular season\nWith the move of the Brooklyn Dodgers and New York Giants to California prior to the 1958 season, the Phillies became the closest National League club to New York City, and in response, contracted to broadcast 78 games into the New York metropolitan television market to fill the void in National League games on TV in New York. Al Helfer and Rex Barney called the games for New York's WOR-TV. However, due to competition with games at Yankee Stadium, Phillies games were not able to match the audience for Yankee broadcasts, and thus, they stopped broadcasting games in the New York television market in the 1959 season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 49], "content_span": [50, 671]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076222-0003-0000", "contents": "1958 Philadelphia Phillies season, Regular season\nOn July 22 with the team sporting a 39\u201344 record General Manager Roy Hamey fired Manager Mayo Smith rehiring Eddie Sawyer, who led the team to the 1950 World Series.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 49], "content_span": [50, 215]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076222-0004-0000", "contents": "1958 Philadelphia Phillies season, Player stats, Batting, Starters by position\nNote: Pos = Position; G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 78], "content_span": [79, 203]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076222-0005-0000", "contents": "1958 Philadelphia Phillies season, Player stats, Batting, Other batters\nNote: G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 71], "content_span": [72, 180]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076222-0006-0000", "contents": "1958 Philadelphia Phillies season, Player stats, Pitching, Starting pitchers\nNote: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 76], "content_span": [77, 187]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076222-0007-0000", "contents": "1958 Philadelphia Phillies season, Player stats, Pitching, Other pitchers\nNote: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 73], "content_span": [74, 184]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076222-0008-0000", "contents": "1958 Philadelphia Phillies season, Player stats, Pitching, Relief pitchers\nNote: G = Games pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; SV = Saves; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 74], "content_span": [75, 175]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076223-0000-0000", "contents": "1958 Pittsburgh Panthers football team\nThe 1958 Pittsburgh Panthers football team represented the University of Pittsburgh in the 1958 NCAA University Division football season. The team compiled a 5\u20134\u20131 record under head coach John Michelosen.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [38, 38], "content_span": [39, 243]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076224-0000-0000", "contents": "1958 Pittsburgh Pirates season\nThe 1958 Pittsburgh Pirates season was the 77th season of the Pittsburgh Pirates franchise; the 72nd in the National League. The Pirates finished second in the league standings with a record of 84\u201370, a 22-game improvement over 1957. They ended the year in the first division for the first time since 1948 and recorded their highest league standing since the 1944 edition also finished in second place. Manager Danny Murtaugh, in his first full season at the Pirates' helm, was voted Major League Manager of the Year by The Sporting News.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [30, 30], "content_span": [31, 569]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076224-0001-0000", "contents": "1958 Pittsburgh Pirates season, Player stats, Batting, Starters by position\nNote: Pos = Position; G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 75], "content_span": [76, 200]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076224-0002-0000", "contents": "1958 Pittsburgh Pirates season, Player stats, Batting, Other batters\nNote: G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 68], "content_span": [69, 177]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076224-0003-0000", "contents": "1958 Pittsburgh Pirates season, Player stats, Pitching, Starting pitchers\nNote: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 73], "content_span": [74, 184]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076224-0004-0000", "contents": "1958 Pittsburgh Pirates season, Player stats, Pitching, Other pitchers\nNote: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 70], "content_span": [71, 181]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076224-0005-0000", "contents": "1958 Pittsburgh Pirates season, Player stats, Pitching, Relief pitchers\nNote: G = Games pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; SV = Saves; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 71], "content_span": [72, 172]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076224-0006-0000", "contents": "1958 Pittsburgh Pirates season, Farm system\nSan Jose franchised transferred to Las Vegas and renamed, May 26, 1958", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 43], "content_span": [44, 114]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076225-0000-0000", "contents": "1958 Pittsburgh Steelers season\nThe 1958 Pittsburgh Steelers season was the franchise's 26th in the National Football League.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [31, 31], "content_span": [32, 125]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076225-0001-0000", "contents": "1958 Pittsburgh Steelers season\nAfter the second game of the season, Steelers coach Buddy Parker, formerly in Detroit, arranged a trade on October 6 that sent quarterback Earl Morrall and two draft picks to the Detroit Lions for quarterback Bobby Layne, a future hall of famer.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [31, 31], "content_span": [32, 277]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076225-0002-0000", "contents": "1958 Pittsburgh Steelers season, Regular season, Standings\nNote: Tie games were not officially counted in the standings until 1972.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 58], "content_span": [59, 131]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076226-0000-0000", "contents": "1958 Pontypool by-election\nThe 1958 Pontypool by-election was held on 10 November 1958 after the incumbent Labour MP, Granville West was elevated to a life peerage. The seat was retained by the Labour candidate Leo Abse.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [26, 26], "content_span": [27, 220]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076227-0000-0000", "contents": "1958 Portuguese Grand Prix\nThe 1958 Portuguese Grand Prix was a Formula One motor race held at Circuito da Boavista, Oporto on 24 August 1958. It was race 9 of 11 in the 1958 World Championship of Drivers and race 8 of 10 in the 1958 International Cup for Formula One Manufacturers.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [26, 26], "content_span": [27, 282]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076227-0001-0000", "contents": "1958 Portuguese Grand Prix\nMike Hawthorn was initially disqualified for restarting his car against the direction of the circuit, losing seven points. However, Championship rival Stirling Moss had seen the incident which caused the disqualification and went to the judges to revert the decision since he felt Hawthorn had done nothing wrong. Eventually, Hawthorn was classified and retained his seven points.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [26, 26], "content_span": [27, 407]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076228-0000-0000", "contents": "1958 Portuguese presidential election\nPresidential elections were held in Portugal on 8 June 1958, during the authoritarian Estado Novo regime led by Prime Minister Ant\u00f3nio de Oliveira Salazar.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [37, 37], "content_span": [38, 193]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076228-0001-0000", "contents": "1958 Portuguese presidential election\nIncumbent President Francisco Craveiro Lopes had clashed with Salazar and did not seek another term, either as candidate of the regime or for the opposition, which deemed the incumbent president capable of winning the race. In Craveiro Lopes' place, the National Union, the sole legal political party, levied naval minister Am\u00e9rico Thomaz, a conservative.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [37, 37], "content_span": [38, 393]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076228-0002-0000", "contents": "1958 Portuguese presidential election\nThe democratic opposition backed Air Force General Humberto Delgado, who ran as an independent in an attempt to challenge the regime. When asked if he would retain Salazar if elected, Delgado famously replied, \"Obviously, I'll sack him.\" Delgado knew that under Portugal's corporatist constitution, the president still had the right to dismiss the prime minister, which was effectively the only check on Salazar's power.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [37, 37], "content_span": [38, 458]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076228-0003-0000", "contents": "1958 Portuguese presidential election\nThe official tally was 76.4 percent for Thomaz and 23.6 percent for Delgado. The regime's secret police force, PIDE, harassed and attacked Delgado voters and supporters, and there were many reports of widespread electoral fraud. For example, Salazar refused to allow opposition representatives to observe the counting of ballots.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [37, 37], "content_span": [38, 367]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076228-0004-0000", "contents": "1958 Portuguese presidential election\nMany neutral observers believe that Delgado would have won in a landslide had Salazar allowed an honest election. Nevertheless, the results came as a shock to Salazar. Leaving nothing to chance, in 1959 he had the Constitution amended to transfer the presidential election to the National Assembly, which was a pliant tool of the regime. As a result, the 1958 election would be the only presidential election under the Estado Novo in which an opposition candidate actually stayed in the race until election day. In previous years, when the regime's candidate was not unopposed, any opposition candidates were intimidated into withdrawing before the polls opened.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [37, 37], "content_span": [38, 700]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076228-0005-0000", "contents": "1958 Portuguese presidential election\nUniversal suffrage was not reintroduced until after the Carnation Revolution and the return of democracy in 1974.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [37, 37], "content_span": [38, 151]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076229-0000-0000", "contents": "1958 Prairie View A&M Panthers football team\nThe 1958 Prairie View A&M Panthers football team was an American football team that represented Prairie View A&M University in the Southwestern Athletic Conference (SWAC) during the 1958 NCAA College Division football season. In their tenth season under head coach Billy Nicks, the Panthers compiled a 10\u20130\u20131 record, won the SWAC championship, and outscored opponents by a total of 369 to 101. In two post-season games, they defeated Florida A&M in the Orange Blossom Classic and Langston in the Prairie View Bowl. The Panthers were recognized as the 1958 black college national champion.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [44, 44], "content_span": [45, 633]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076230-0000-0000", "contents": "1958 Preakness Stakes\nThe 1958 Preakness Stakes was the 83rd running of the $150,000 Preakness Stakes thoroughbred horse race. The race took place on May 17, 1958, and was televised in the United States on the CBS television network. Tim Tam, who was jockeyed by Ismael Valenzuela, won the race by one and one half lengths over runner-up Lincoln Road. Approximate post time was 5:50\u00a0p.m. Eastern Time. The race was run on a fast track in a final time of 1:571/5  The Maryland Jockey Club reported total attendance of 36,912, this is recorded as second highest on the list of American thoroughbred racing top attended events for North America in 1958.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [21, 21], "content_span": [22, 650]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076231-0000-0000", "contents": "1958 Primera Divisi\u00f3n de Chile\nThe 1958 Campeonato Nacional de F\u00fatbol Profesional, was the 26th season of top-flight football in Chile. Santiago Wanderers won their first ever title.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [30, 30], "content_span": [31, 182]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076232-0000-0000", "contents": "1958 Princeton Tigers football team\nThe 1958 Princeton Tigers football team was an American football team that represented Princeton University as a member of the Ivy League during the 1958 NCAA University Division football season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [35, 35], "content_span": [36, 231]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076232-0001-0000", "contents": "1958 Princeton Tigers football team\nIn their second year under head coach Dick Colman, the Tigers compiled a 6\u20133 record and outscored opponents 217 to 164. Frederick W. Tiley was the team captain.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [35, 35], "content_span": [36, 196]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076232-0002-0000", "contents": "1958 Princeton Tigers football team\nPrinceton's 5\u20132 conference record tied for second place in the Ivy League. The Tigers outscored Ivy opponents 177 to 123.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [35, 35], "content_span": [36, 157]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076232-0003-0000", "contents": "1958 Princeton Tigers football team\nPrinceton played its home games at Palmer Stadium on the university campus in Princeton, New Jersey.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [35, 35], "content_span": [36, 136]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076233-0000-0000", "contents": "1958 Pro Bowl\nThe 1958 Pro Bowl was the NFL's eighth annual all-star game which featured the outstanding performers from the 1957 season. The game was played on January 12, 1958, at the Los Angeles Memorial Coliseum in Los Angeles, California in front of 66,634 fans. The West squad defeated the East by a score of 26\u20137.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 13], "section_span": [13, 13], "content_span": [14, 320]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076233-0001-0000", "contents": "1958 Pro Bowl\nThe West team was led by the Detroit Lions' George Wilson while Buddy Parker of the Pittsburgh Steelers coached the East squad. San Francisco 49ers running back Hugh McElhenny was selected as the outstanding back of the game and defensive end Gene Brito of the Washington Redskins was named the outstanding lineman.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 13], "section_span": [13, 13], "content_span": [14, 329]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076233-0002-0000", "contents": "1958 Pro Bowl\nThis was the first Pro Bowl to be televised nationally (except in the Los Angeles market where it was blacked out).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 13], "section_span": [13, 13], "content_span": [14, 129]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076235-0000-0000", "contents": "1958 Purdue Boilermakers football team\nThe 1958 Purdue Boilermakers football team was an American football team that represented Purdue University during the 1958 Big Ten Conference football season. In their third season under head coach Jack Mollenkopf, the Boilermakers compiled a 6\u20131\u20132 record, finished in fourth place in the Big Ten Conference with a 3\u20131\u20132 record against conference opponents, and outscored all opponents by a combined total of 184 to 102.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [38, 38], "content_span": [39, 460]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076235-0001-0000", "contents": "1958 Purdue Boilermakers football team\nPurdue tackle Gene Selawski was selected by the Football Writers Association of America as a first-team All-American in 1958. End Tom Franckhauser was selected as a first-team All-American by the Central Press Association. Other notable players included quarterbacks Bob Spoo and Ross Fichtner, fullback Bob Jarus, and guard Ron Maltony.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [38, 38], "content_span": [39, 376]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076236-0000-0000", "contents": "1958 RAC Tourist Trophy\nThe 1958 RAC Tourist Trophy took place on 13 September, on the Goodwood Circuit, (England). It was also the sixth and final round of the F.I.A. World Sports Car Championship. This was the first time the event had taken place, since 1955 following the death of three drivers during the race.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [23, 23], "content_span": [24, 314]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076236-0001-0000", "contents": "1958 RAC Tourist Trophy, Report, Entry\nA grand total 36 racing cars were registered for this event, of which 29 arrived for practice and qualifying. Scuderia Ferrari, did entry one car for the event,   250 TR 58, but were among those who did not arrive, perhaps the disinterest from Maranello was due to the lack of drivers and the fact that their victory at Le Mans had given them the Championship. The event also did not attract the Belgian equipes. The entry was therefore headed by the three works Aston Martins, entered under the name of David Brown Ltd.. Their DBR1/300s were from Stirling Moss/Tony Brooks, Carroll Shelby/Stuart Lewis-Evans and Roy Salvadori/Jack Brabham.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 38], "content_span": [39, 679]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076236-0002-0000", "contents": "1958 RAC Tourist Trophy, Report, Qualifying\nThe Aston Martin DBR1/300 of Stirling Moss took pole position, averaging a speed of 93.913\u00a0mph around the 2.4 mile circuit.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 43], "content_span": [44, 167]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076236-0003-0000", "contents": "1958 RAC Tourist Trophy, Report, Race\nOf the 29 starters, only the three Astons were considered the potential winners, and so it proved as they finished in the first three places, winning the Team Awards in the process. The winning partnership of Moss/Brooks won in a time of 4hr 01:17.0mins., averaging a speed of 88.324\u00a0mph. They covered a distance of 355.2 miles. Just 0.4 seconds behind came Salvadori/Brabham, with Shelby/Lewis-Evans the same margin adrift in complete the podium.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 37], "content_span": [38, 485]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076236-0004-0000", "contents": "1958 RAC Tourist Trophy, Standings after the race\nChampionship points were awarded for the first six places in each race in the order of 8-6-4-3-2-1, excepting the RAC Tourist Trophy, for which points were awarded on a 4-3-2-1 for the first four places. Manufacturers were only awarded points for their highest finishing car with no points awarded for positions filled by additional cars. Only the best 4 results out of the 6 races could be retained by each manufacturer. Points earned but not counted towards the championship totals are listed within brackets in the above table.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 49], "content_span": [50, 580]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076237-0000-0000", "contents": "1958 Railway Cup Hurling Championship\nThe 1958 Railway Cup Hurling Championship was the 32nd series of the inter-provincial hurling Railway Cup. Three matches were played between 16 February 1958 and 17 March 1958 to decide the title. It was contested by Connacht, Leinster, Munster and Ulster.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [37, 37], "content_span": [38, 294]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076237-0001-0000", "contents": "1958 Railway Cup Hurling Championship\nOn 17 March 1958, Munster won the Railway Cup after a 3-07 to 3-05 defeat of Leinster in the final at Croke Park, Dublin. It was their second Railway Cup title in succession.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [37, 37], "content_span": [38, 212]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076237-0002-0000", "contents": "1958 Railway Cup Hurling Championship\nLeinster's Christy O'Brien was the Railway Cup top scorer with 4-00.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [37, 37], "content_span": [38, 106]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076238-0000-0000", "contents": "1958 Rhode Island Rams football team\nThe 1958 Rhode Island Rams football team was an American football team that represented the University of Rhode Island as a member of the Yankee Conference during the 1958 NCAA College Division football season. In its third season under head coach Herb Maack, the team compiled a 4\u20134 record (2\u20132 against conference opponents), finished in third place out of six teams in the Yankee Conference, and was outscored by a total of 203 to 152. The team played its home games at Meade Stadium in Kingston, Rhode Island.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [36, 36], "content_span": [37, 549]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076239-0000-0000", "contents": "1958 Rhode Island gubernatorial election\nThe 1958 Rhode Island gubernatorial election was held on November 4, 1958. Republican nominee Christopher Del Sesto defeated Democratic incumbent Dennis J. Roberts with 50.06% of the vote.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [40, 40], "content_span": [41, 229]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076240-0000-0000", "contents": "1958 Rice Owls football team\nThe 1958 Rice Owls football team represented Rice University during the 1958 NCAA University Division football season. The Owls were led by 19th-year head coach Jess Neely and played their home games at Rice Stadium in Houston, Texas. They competed as members of the Southwest Conference, finishing tied for second.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [28, 28], "content_span": [29, 344]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076241-0000-0000", "contents": "1958 Rif riots\n1958 Rif riots, also known as the Rif Revolt, took place in the northern Rif region of Morocco by tribes rebelling against the Moroccan regime, motivated by the region's marginalization. The revolt, led by Sellam Amezian, had a clear set of demands: greater political and social rights, the departure of foreign troops from the country, the return of the resistance leader Abd el-Krim from exile, the dissolution of political parties, the liberation of political prisoners, and the installation of a \"people's government\" (gouvernement populaire).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [14, 14], "content_span": [15, 562]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076241-0001-0000", "contents": "1958 Rif riots\nPrince Hassan, who was then military chief of staff, promulgated a decree that put the Rif region in a state of emergency and led an army of 20,000\u201330,000 soldiers to contain the uprising. The soldiers were aided with air support from French pilots. Estimates around 2,000\u20138,000 inhabitants of the region were killed and thousands more injured. According to El-Khattabi, 8,420 were taken as political prisoners.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [14, 14], "content_span": [15, 426]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076241-0002-0000", "contents": "1958 Rif riots, Timeline\nIn October 1958, riots started in the Rif region, as a result of marginalization of the region by the central authority. Sellam Amezian directed this movement. On 7 October 1958, the protesters issued a chart with a list of demands including \"The immediate withdraw of all foreign forces from Morocco, and the return of Abd el-Krim and his family to the country\".", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [16, 24], "content_span": [25, 388]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076241-0003-0000", "contents": "1958 Rif riots, Timeline\nThe events escalated quickly, and weapons started to be used by both the protesters and the army. The uprising was fiercely oppressed by the army, even using aircraft flown by French pilots. Hundreds were killed and thousands were arrested and wounded. Abd El-Karim estimated the number of detainees in the wake of the Rif uprising at 8,420.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [16, 24], "content_span": [25, 366]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076241-0004-0000", "contents": "1958 Rif riots, Aftermath\nAs a result, many left the Rif for Europe, returning to their ancestral towns only to build homes that they lived in during vacations or after retirement. This, along with the diversion of much of the region's arable land for cannabis planting, has decimated the local economy and environment.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [16, 25], "content_span": [26, 319]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076242-0000-0000", "contents": "1958 Rio de Janeiro train crash\nThe 1958 Rio de Janeiro train crash, occurred on the afternoon of May 8, 1958, in Mangueira, a suburb two miles west of Rio de Janeiro city centre in Brazil when two electric trains collided head on, killing 128 people and injuring more than 300. It is the most serious rail accident in the history of the city.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [31, 31], "content_span": [32, 343]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076242-0001-0000", "contents": "1958 Rio de Janeiro train crash\nA signalling error had routed an outgoing commuter train onto the same track as an incoming local. The collision resulted in a 'horrible mass of twisted steel and mangled bodies' as the two trains telescoped together. The wreckage of the carriages was left piled along embankments under a highway overpass. The following day angry residents and relatives of the dead invaded and wrecked both Mangueira station and the busy Engenho de Dentro station. Crowds also stormed three other nearby stations but were repelled by police. The president of Brazil, Dr. Juscelino Kubitschek, angered by reports that the disaster was caused by 'negligence', dismissed three officials of the Estrada de Ferro Central do Brasil (Central Railway of Brazil).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [31, 31], "content_span": [32, 771]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076243-0000-0000", "contents": "1958 Rochdale by-election\nThe Rochdale by-election of 13 February 1958 was a by-election for the constituency of Rochdale, in Lancashire, England, in the House of Commons. It was called following the death on 16 December 1957 of the sitting Conservative Member of Parliament, Wentworth Schofield.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [25, 25], "content_span": [26, 296]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076243-0001-0000", "contents": "1958 Rochdale by-election\nThis was the first British election to be televised, and Liberal candidate Ludovic Kennedy used his media experience to increase coverage of his campaign. Granada Television broadcast two debates between the candidates as well as the election count, and the BBC conducted many interviews with voters.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [25, 25], "content_span": [26, 326]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076243-0002-0000", "contents": "1958 Rochdale by-election\nThe election was won by the Labour candidate, Jack McCann, with 22,000 votes, but Kennedy polled 17,603, the highest Liberal vote since the 1920s. The Conservative candidate, John Parkinson, was squeezed into third place with fewer than 10,000 votes.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [25, 25], "content_span": [26, 276]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076244-0000-0000", "contents": "1958 Roller Hockey World Cup\nThe 1958 Roller Hockey World Cup was the thirteenth roller hockey world cup, organized by the F\u00e9d\u00e9ration Internationale de Patinage a Roulettes (now under the name of F\u00e9d\u00e9ration Internationale de Roller Sports). It was contested by 10 national teams (all from Europe) and marks the first time that a world championship was not considered a European championship. All the games were played in the city of Porto, in Portugal, the chosen city to host the World Cup.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [28, 28], "content_span": [29, 491]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076245-0000-0000", "contents": "1958 Rose Bowl\nThe 1958 Rose Bowl was the 44th edition of the college football bowl game, played at the Rose Bowl in Pasadena, California, on Wednesday, January 1. The heavily-favored Ohio State Buckeyes of the Big Ten Conference defeated the Oregon Webfoots of the Pacific Coast Conference by a score of 10\u20137.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [14, 14], "content_span": [15, 310]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076245-0001-0000", "contents": "1958 Rose Bowl\nOregon quarterback Jack Crabtree was named the  Player of the Game, one of only two players in Rose Bowl history from a losing team to win the award outright.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [14, 14], "content_span": [15, 173]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076245-0002-0000", "contents": "1958 Rose Bowl, Teams, Ohio State Buckeyes\nOhio State came into the game with an eight-game winning streak, having dropped their season opener to TCU and then winning the rest of their games. They were ranked first in the Coaches' Poll and second in the AP Poll behind Auburn (on probation due to recruiting violations and was therefore not eligible for a bowl game. The Buckeyes were heavily favored to win the Rose Bowl, by up to three touchdowns.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [16, 42], "content_span": [43, 449]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076245-0003-0000", "contents": "1958 Rose Bowl, Teams, Oregon Webfoots\nOregon came into the Rose Bowl having just lost its Civil War rivalry game to Oregon State, which put the two teams into a tie for the Pacific Coast Conference championship. Normally, Oregon State would have gone to the Rose Bowl with the head-to-head victory; however, Oregon State had appeared in the a year earlier, and the PCC had a no-repeat rule. Oregon had not been in the Rose Bowl since 1920.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [16, 38], "content_span": [39, 440]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076245-0004-0000", "contents": "1958 Rose Bowl, Game summary\nOhio State took the opening possession 79 yards, capped by a one-yard run by quarterback Frank Kremblas, to take a 7\u20130 lead. Oregon tied the game in the second quarter with a 5-yard run from Jim Shanley after an 80-yard, 10-play drive.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [16, 28], "content_span": [29, 264]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076245-0005-0000", "contents": "1958 Rose Bowl, Game summary\nThe score remained 7\u20137 well into the second half. With 5:20 left in the third quarter, the Webfoots had a chance to take the lead, but kicker Jack Morris' 34-yard field goal try hooked wide to the left. Early in the fourth quarter, Ohio State's Don Sutherin attempted a kick from the same spot; his kick was good, and Ohio State led by three with  fourteen minutes remaining.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [16, 28], "content_span": [29, 404]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076245-0006-0000", "contents": "1958 Rose Bowl, Game summary\nOn their next possession, the Webfoots were driving until end Ron Stover fumbled inside the Ohio State thirty. With time running out in the game, Oregon got the ball back and had a chance to tie or go ahead, but Crabtree's fourth-down pass to Stover fell incomplete with 47 seconds remaining, and the Buckeyes held on to win, 10\u20137.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [16, 28], "content_span": [29, 360]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076245-0007-0000", "contents": "1958 Rose Bowl, Game summary\nThe Webfoots outgained the Buckeyes 351 to 304 and made 21 first downs to the Buckeyes' 19. Crabtree was 10 of 17 passing for 135 yards. Stover had 10 receptions on the day, and his 144 receiving yards established a new record for PCC participants.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [16, 28], "content_span": [29, 277]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076245-0008-0000", "contents": "1958 Rose Bowl, Game summary, Aftermath\nThe final AP (media) and UPI (coaches) polls came out before the bowl games, so this game did nothing to change the polls. Ohio State's No. 1 ranking in the final poll earned it a share of the national championship, its third such title. Auburn retained the #1 AP ranking despite their probation status. Buckeye coach Woody Hayes was named College Football Coach of the Year.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [16, 39], "content_span": [40, 415]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076245-0009-0000", "contents": "1958 Rose Bowl, Game summary, Aftermath\nOregon's Jack Crabtree became one of a very few players of a losing team to win the Player of the Game award, and one of only two to win the award without sharing it with a member of the winning team. Benny Lom of California in 1929, who tackled teammate Roy Riegels (after a wrong-way run with the ball), is the only other solo Player of the Game from a losing team.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [16, 39], "content_span": [40, 407]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076245-0010-0000", "contents": "1958 Rose Bowl, Game summary, Aftermath\nOregon, appearing in its first Rose Bowl in 38 years, waited another 37 years to return in 1995. This was the last bowl meeting between the Buckeyes and Ducks until the 2010 Rose Bowl, which Ohio State won 26\u201317.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [16, 39], "content_span": [40, 252]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076246-0000-0000", "contents": "1958 Round Australia Trial (Ampol)\nThe 1958 Round Australia Trial, officially the Ampol Trial was the eighth running of the Round Australia Trial. The rally took place between 18 May and 1 June 1958. The event covered 12,070 kilometres around Australia. It was won by Don Garard and Jim Roberts, driving a Holden FE.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [34, 34], "content_span": [35, 316]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076247-0000-0000", "contents": "1958 Round Australia Trial (Mobilgas)\nThe 1958 Round Australia Trial, officially the Mobilgas Trial was the ninth running of the Round Australia Trial. The rally took place between 20 August and 7 September 1958. The event covered 16,250 kilometres around Australia. It was won by Eddie Perkins and Arthur Smith, driving a Volkswagen 1200.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [37, 37], "content_span": [38, 339]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076248-0000-0000", "contents": "1958 Rutgers Scarlet Knights football team\nThe 1958 Rutgers Scarlet Knights football team represented Rutgers University in the 1958 NCAA University Division football season. In their third season under head coach John Stiegman, the Scarlet Knights compiled an 8\u20131 record, outscored their opponents 301 to 77, and were ranked No. 20 in the final AP Poll. The team's statistical leaders included Bruce Webster with 513 passing yards, Billy Austin with 747 rushing yards, and Bob Simms with 468 receiving yards.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 42], "section_span": [42, 42], "content_span": [43, 509]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076248-0001-0000", "contents": "1958 Rutgers Scarlet Knights football team\nIn the first year of football competition for the Middle Atlantic Conference, Rutgers was undefeated against University Division opponents. The Scarlet Knights also went 2\u20130 against the Middle Three, beating both Lafayette and Lehigh.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 42], "section_span": [42, 42], "content_span": [43, 277]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076249-0000-0000", "contents": "1958 SANFL Grand Final\nThe 1958 SANFL Grand Final was an Australian rules football competition. Port Adelaide beat West Adelaide 94 to 92.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [22, 22], "content_span": [23, 138]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076249-0001-0000", "contents": "1958 SANFL Grand Final\nWest Adelaide missed a chance to win when a shot hit the goal post with 90 seconds left to play. That night, four West Adelaide players (including Neil Kerley) broke into Adelaide Oval and chopped down the offending goal post.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [22, 22], "content_span": [23, 249]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076250-0000-0000", "contents": "1958 SANFL season\nThe 1958 South Australian National Football League season was the 79th season of the top-level Australian rules football competition in South Australia.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [17, 17], "content_span": [18, 170]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076251-0000-0000", "contents": "1958 SCCA National Sports Car Championship\nThe 1958 SCCA National Sports Car Championship season was the eighth season of the Sports Car Club of America's National Sports Car Championship. It began January 12, 1958, and ended October 5, 1958, after sixteen races.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 42], "section_span": [42, 42], "content_span": [43, 263]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076252-0000-0000", "contents": "1958 Sacramento State Hornets football team\nThe 1958 Sacramento State Hornets football team represented Sacramento State College during the 1958 NCAA College Division football season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 43], "section_span": [43, 43], "content_span": [44, 183]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076252-0001-0000", "contents": "1958 Sacramento State Hornets football team\nSacramento State competed in the Far Western Conference (FWC). The Hornets were led by second-year head coach Johnny Baker. They played home games at Charles C. Hughes Stadium in Sacramento, California. The team finished the season with a record of three wins and six losses (3\u20136, 1\u20134 FWC). For the season the team was outscored by its opponents 146\u2013164.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 43], "section_span": [43, 43], "content_span": [44, 398]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076252-0002-0000", "contents": "1958 Sacramento State Hornets football team, Team players in the NFL\nThe following Sacramento State players were selected in the 1959 NFL Draft.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 43], "section_span": [45, 68], "content_span": [69, 144]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076253-0000-0000", "contents": "1958 Saint Pierre and Miquelon constitutional referendum\nA referendum on the new constitution of France was held in Saint Pierre and Miquelon on 28 September 1958 as part of a wider referendum held across the French Union. The new constitution would see the country become part of the new French Community if accepted, or result in independence if rejected. It was approved by 98.06% of voters.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 56], "section_span": [56, 56], "content_span": [57, 394]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076254-0000-0000", "contents": "1958 Saipan integration referendum\nAn unofficial referendum on integration of Northern Marianas with Guam was held in Saipan in June 1958. Though the proposal was approved by nearly 64% of voters and the Guam Legislature adopted Resolution No. 367 requesting the US Congress to integrate the governments, the United States did not integrate the islands.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [34, 34], "content_span": [35, 353]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076254-0001-0000", "contents": "1958 Saipan integration referendum, Background\nSaipan had been administratively separated from Guam since 1898, when the latter had come under American control. Saipan also came under American control in 1947. In 1957, the Popular Party had victories in Guam and Northern Marianas. An unofficial poll on reunification was conducted, with 63.8% of Saipan's voters in favor of integration.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [36, 46], "content_span": [47, 387]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076254-0002-0000", "contents": "1958 Saipan integration referendum, Aftermath\nAfter the poll, Resolution No. 367 was passed by the Guam Legislature, asking the US Congress to integrate the Northern Marianas's government into Guam's. The Guam Legislature met with the Saipan Municipal Congress in early September 1959, and later that month, the Saipan Congress adopted Resolution No. 7, asking the United Nations to integrate the two governments. The requests were not implemented. Later referendums were held in 1961, 1963, and 1969.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [36, 45], "content_span": [46, 501]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076255-0000-0000", "contents": "1958 Salvadoran legislative election\nLegislative elections were held in El Salvador on 23 March 1958. The result was a victory for the Revolutionary Party of Democratic Unification, which won all 54 seats unopposed after opposition candidates withdrew from the elections.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [36, 36], "content_span": [37, 271]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076256-0000-0000", "contents": "1958 San Diego State Aztecs football team\nThe 1958 San Diego State Aztecs football team represented San Diego State College during the 1958 NCAA College Division football season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 41], "section_span": [41, 41], "content_span": [42, 178]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076256-0001-0000", "contents": "1958 San Diego State Aztecs football team\nSan Diego State competed in the California Collegiate Athletic Association (CCAA). The team was led by head coach Paul Governali, in his third year, and played home games at Aztec Bowl. They finished the season with three wins and five losses (3\u20135, 2\u20133 CCAA). The Aztecs scored only 84 points in their eight games while giving up 200.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 41], "section_span": [41, 41], "content_span": [42, 376]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076256-0002-0000", "contents": "1958 San Diego State Aztecs football team, Team players in the NFL\nNo San Diego State players were selected in the 1959 NFL Draft.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 41], "section_span": [43, 66], "content_span": [67, 130]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076257-0000-0000", "contents": "1958 San Francisco 49ers season\nThe 1958 San Francisco 49ers season was the team's ninth in the NFL. The team had an 8\u20134 record the previous season. During a four-game road trip, the 49ers only won one game and finished with a 6\u20136 record, 4th place in the NFL Western Division. Each of the team's quarterbacks, Y. A. Tittle and John Brodie, started six of the twelve games and ended the season with similar statistics.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [31, 31], "content_span": [32, 418]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076257-0001-0000", "contents": "1958 San Francisco 49ers season, Schedule, Standings\nNote: Tie games were not officially counted in the standings until 1972.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 52], "content_span": [53, 125]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076258-0000-0000", "contents": "1958 San Francisco Giants season\nThe 1958 San Francisco Giants season was the franchise's inaugural season in San Francisco, California and 76th season overall. The Giants' home ballpark was Seals Stadium. The team had a record of 80\u201374 finishing in third place in the National League standings, twelve games behind the NL Champion Milwaukee Braves.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [32, 32], "content_span": [33, 349]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076258-0001-0000", "contents": "1958 San Francisco Giants season\nOf the broadcast team, Russ Hodges left his former broadcasting partners in New York and for that season was joined on both KTVU and KSFO by Lon Simmons.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [32, 32], "content_span": [33, 186]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076258-0002-0000", "contents": "1958 San Francisco Giants season, Regular season, Opening day\nThe Giants and the now-Los Angeles Dodgers, arch-rivals for 68 years in New York, faced each other in their respective first-ever game on the West Coast. On Tuesday afternoon, April 15, 1958, at Seals Stadium, the Giants' temporary home park, San Francisco blanked Los Angeles, 8\u20130, behind Rub\u00e9n G\u00f3mez' complete game, six-hit shutout. G\u00f3mez fanned six, issued no bases on balls, and went two for four at the plate.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 61], "content_span": [62, 476]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076258-0002-0001", "contents": "1958 San Francisco Giants season, Regular season, Opening day\nDaryl Spencer hit the first home run in San Francisco's MLB history with a solo shot in the fourth inning, and rookie Orlando Cepeda followed with another solo blast one inning later. Willie Mays had two runs batted in. Don Drysdale took the loss for the Dodgers. Attendance at the longtime minor league stadium was a sellout, 23,448.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 61], "content_span": [62, 396]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076258-0003-0000", "contents": "1958 San Francisco Giants season, Player stats, Batting, Starters by position\nNote: Pos = Position; G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 77], "content_span": [78, 202]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076258-0004-0000", "contents": "1958 San Francisco Giants season, Player stats, Batting, Other batters\nNote: G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 70], "content_span": [71, 179]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076258-0005-0000", "contents": "1958 San Francisco Giants season, Player stats, Pitching, Starting pitchers\nNote: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 75], "content_span": [76, 186]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076258-0006-0000", "contents": "1958 San Francisco Giants season, Player stats, Pitching, Other pitchers\nNote: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 72], "content_span": [73, 183]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076258-0007-0000", "contents": "1958 San Francisco Giants season, Player stats, Pitching, Relief pitchers\nNote: G = Games pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; SV = Saves; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 73], "content_span": [74, 174]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076259-0000-0000", "contents": "1958 San Francisco State Gators football team\nThe 1958 San Francisco State Gators football team represented San Francisco State College during the 1958 NCAA College Division football season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 45], "section_span": [45, 45], "content_span": [46, 190]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076259-0001-0000", "contents": "1958 San Francisco State Gators football team\nSan Francisco State competed in the Far Western Conference (FWC). The Gators were led by 9th-year head coach Joe Verducci. They played home games at Cox Stadium in San Francisco, California. The team finished the season as champion of the FWC, with a record of seven wins and three losses (7\u20133, 4\u20131 FWC). This was the third straight title for the Gators. For the season the team outscored its opponents 184\u2013146.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 45], "section_span": [45, 45], "content_span": [46, 457]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076259-0002-0000", "contents": "1958 San Francisco State Gators football team, Team players in the NFL\nThe following San Francisco State players were selected in the 1959 NFL Draft.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 45], "section_span": [47, 70], "content_span": [71, 149]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076260-0000-0000", "contents": "1958 San Jose State Spartans football team\nThe 1958 San Jose State Spartans football team represented San Jose State College during the 1958 NCAA University Division football season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 42], "section_span": [42, 42], "content_span": [43, 182]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076260-0001-0000", "contents": "1958 San Jose State Spartans football team\nSan Jose State played as an Independent in 1958. The team was led by second-year head coach Bob Titchenal, and played home games at Spartan Stadium in San Jose, California. The Spartans finished the 1958 season with a record of four wins and five losses (4\u20135). Overall, the team outscored its opponents 174\u2013106 for the season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 42], "section_span": [42, 42], "content_span": [43, 369]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076260-0002-0000", "contents": "1958 San Jose State Spartans football team, Team players in the NFL\nThe following San Jose State players were selected in the 1959 NFL Draft.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 42], "section_span": [44, 67], "content_span": [68, 141]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076261-0000-0000", "contents": "1958 Santos FC season\nThe 1958 season was the forty-seventh season for Santos FC.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [21, 21], "content_span": [22, 81]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076262-0000-0000", "contents": "1958 Scottish League Cup Final\nThe 1958 Scottish League Cup Final was played on 25 October 1958 at Hampden Park in Glasgow and it was the final of the 13th Scottish League Cup competition. The final was contested by Hearts and Partick Thistle. Hearts won the match 5\u20131, thanks to goals by Willie Bauld, Johnny Hamilton and Jimmy Murray.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [30, 30], "content_span": [31, 336]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076263-0000-0000", "contents": "1958 Scottish representative peer by-election\nA by-election for a Scottish representative peer took place on 1 October 1958 at the Palace of Holyroodhouse in Edinburgh. The election was caused by the death of Archibald Murray, 16th Lord Sinclair. It turned out to be the last by-election for representative peers before all holders of titles in the Peerage of Scotland were made eligible to sit in the House of Lords in 1963.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 45], "section_span": [45, 45], "content_span": [46, 425]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076263-0001-0000", "contents": "1958 Scottish representative peer by-election, Procedure\nThe date, time and place of the meeting was set in a Royal Proclamation of 11 September 1958, issued by the Queen at Balmoral Castle. The Duke of Buccleuch and Queensberry, who held the role of Lord Clerk Register, presided. When the Principal Clerk of Session George Macdonald read the roll of Peers of Scotland, 115 names were read, and 18 answered that they were present - the highest number at a byelection since 1890. Peers present were also asked to produced any proxies for those who were absent, and Lord Saltoun was admitted as a proxy for Lord Sempill. In addition 29 Peers had submitted \"Signed Lists\" as a form of absent voting.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 45], "section_span": [47, 56], "content_span": [57, 697]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076263-0002-0000", "contents": "1958 Scottish representative peer by-election, Procedure\nUnusually the Duke of Buccleuch chose to vote in the election; it was tradition since 1879 for the Lord Clerk Register not to vote, but several previous Lords Clerk Register had broken it.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 45], "section_span": [47, 56], "content_span": [57, 245]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076263-0003-0000", "contents": "1958 Scottish representative peer by-election, Result\nThe 48 voting peers distributed their votes among six peers; after the process had concluded, the Lord Clerk Register noted that the Earl of Mar and Kellie, Lord Sinclair, and Lord Belhaven, \"had not in fact been candidates for election\".", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 45], "section_span": [47, 53], "content_span": [54, 292]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076264-0000-0000", "contents": "1958 Segunda Divisi\u00f3n Peruana\nThe 1958 Segunda Divisi\u00f3n Peruana, the second division of Peruvian football (soccer), was played by 10 teams. The tournament winner, Uni\u00f3n Am\u00e9rica was promoted to the Primera Divisi\u00f3n Peruana 1959.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [29, 29], "content_span": [30, 227]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076265-0000-0000", "contents": "1958 Segunda Divisi\u00f3n de Chile\nThe 1958 Segunda Divisi\u00f3n de Chile was the 7th season of the Segunda Divisi\u00f3n de Chile.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [30, 30], "content_span": [31, 118]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076266-0000-0000", "contents": "1958 Senegalese constitutional referendum\nA referendum on the new constitution of France was held in Senegal on 28 September 1958 as part of a wider referendum held across the French Union. The new constitution would see the country become part of the new French Community if accepted, or result in independence if rejected. It was approved by 97.55% of voters.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 41], "section_span": [41, 41], "content_span": [42, 361]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076267-0000-0000", "contents": "1958 Shoreditch and Finsbury by-election\nThe Shoreditch and Finsbury by-election 1958 was a parliamentary by-election for the Shoreditch and Finsbury constituency held on 27 November 1958.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [40, 40], "content_span": [41, 188]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076267-0001-0000", "contents": "1958 Shoreditch and Finsbury by-election\nThe by-election was held following the conferment of a life peerage for Victor Collins.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [40, 40], "content_span": [41, 128]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076267-0002-0000", "contents": "1958 Shoreditch and Finsbury by-election\nIt was a Labour hold. Until the 1999 Leeds Central by-election, the turnout was the lowest in post-war history.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [40, 40], "content_span": [41, 152]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076268-0000-0000", "contents": "1958 Sikkimese general election\nGeneral elections were held in Sikkim in 1958. The Sikkim State Congress emerged as the largest party, winning seven of the 20 seats. Voter turnout was around 35%.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [31, 31], "content_span": [32, 195]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076268-0001-0000", "contents": "1958 Sikkimese general election, Electoral system\nThe State Council was established in 1953 by the Chogyal. It originally had 18 members, of which 12 were elected and six (including the President) appointed by the Chogyal. Of the 12 elected members, six were for the Nepali community and six for the Lepcha and the Bhutia communities. For the 1958 elections the number of seats was increased to 20. One seat for the Sangha was added, together with an unreserved seat.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 49], "content_span": [50, 467]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076268-0002-0000", "contents": "1958 Sikkimese general election, Electoral system\nCandidates for election to the Council had to be at least 30 years old, whilst the voting age was set at 21. Around 55,000 voters registered for the election.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 49], "content_span": [50, 208]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076268-0003-0000", "contents": "1958 Sikkimese general election, Results, Appointed members\nIn addition to the elected members, six others were appointed to the Sikkim State Council by the Chogyal, on 15 March; Rai Bahadur Densapa, Rev. Chotuk Tsering Pazo, Indra Prasad Subba, Bhairap Bahadur Lamchaney, Atal Singh Dewan and Hon Lt Prem Bahadur Basnet.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 59], "content_span": [60, 321]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076268-0004-0000", "contents": "1958 Sikkimese general election, Executive Council\nThe Executive Council was chosen from among the elected members, in addition to the Dewan of Sikkim, who was its President:", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 50], "content_span": [51, 174]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076269-0000-0000", "contents": "1958 Singapore City Council by-election\nThe Singapore City Council by-election of 1958 was held after the resignation of Chang Yuen Tong, a member who held the seat for Kallang Constituency. While he cited his inability to reconcile the demands of his work with those of The Workers' Party of Singapore which he was a member, Lee Kuan Yew subsequently alleged that it was an orchestrated move by communist leader Fang Chuang Pi.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [39, 39], "content_span": [40, 428]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076269-0001-0000", "contents": "1958 Singapore City Council by-election\nThe Workers' Party fielded Lo Ka Fat to contest in the byelection, which was held on 26 July 1958. He was up against Lim Ser Puan of the Labour Front, Buang bin Omar Junid of the People's Action Party and Govindapillai Maruthamuthoo Kanagasabai, an independent.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [39, 39], "content_span": [40, 301]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076269-0002-0000", "contents": "1958 Singapore City Council by-election, Election deposit\nThe election deposit was stated at $250. As both candidates Lo Ka Fat and Govindapillai had failed to achieve the minimum 12.5% of the votes, both candidates lost their deposit.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 57], "content_span": [58, 235]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076269-0003-0000", "contents": "1958 Singapore City Council by-election, Historical significance\nThis is the only by-election for the City Council and also the last City Council election before its abolishment in 1959 when People's Action Party took power in order to prevent it to serve as a government pressure group.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 64], "content_span": [65, 287]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076269-0004-0000", "contents": "1958 Singapore City Council by-election, Historical significance\nWith this arrangement since then, all of its functions were incorporated into statutory boards, only to see these functions to be transferred out of civil service hands in 1991 to the town councils, which are managed by the relevant elected Member of Parliament (MP).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 64], "content_span": [65, 332]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076270-0000-0000", "contents": "1958 Society of Film and Television Arts Television Awards\nThe 1958 Guild of Television Producers and Directors Awards were the fourth annual giving of the awards which later became known as the British Academy Television Awards. This year saw the expansion of the Awards from their initial four categories to seven. It was the final occasion upon which the Awards were given by the Guild, as the following year the organisation merged with the British Film Academy to form the Society of Film and Television Arts.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 58], "section_span": [58, 58], "content_span": [59, 514]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076271-0000-0000", "contents": "1958 South African general election\nGeneral elections were held in South Africa on 16 April 1958. The result was a victory for the National Party, under the leadership of J.G. Strijdom, which won 103 seats in the House of Assembly. It was the first election in South Africa with a whites-only electorate, following the removal of the Cape Qualified Franchise in the late 1950s to be replaced by four (white) MPs elected to represent Coloured voters in separate constituencies.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [35, 35], "content_span": [36, 476]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076271-0001-0000", "contents": "1958 South African general election, Changes in composition and franchise, Native Representative Members\nThe third term of the (white MPs) elected to represent black voters, from special electoral districts in Cape Province under the Representation of Natives Act 1936, expired on 30 June 1954. These seats were not vacated by a dissolution of Parliament, so they were not contested at the 1953 general election.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 104], "content_span": [105, 412]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076271-0002-0000", "contents": "1958 South African general election, Changes in composition and franchise, Native Representative Members\nThe three representative seats were filled by elections on 1 December 1954. Two Liberal Party of South Africa MPs (A.W.P. Stanford of Transkei and Mrs V.M.L. Ballinger of Cape Eastern) were returned. Stanford took his seat from an Independent. Ballinger had been elected as an Independent at the three previous representative elections, before becoming the first President of the Liberal Party, when it was formed on 9 May 1953. The third seat was taken by L.B. Lee-Warden, an Independent candidate.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 104], "content_span": [105, 604]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076271-0003-0000", "contents": "1958 South African general election, Changes in composition and franchise, Native Representative Members\nThe term of these members expired on 30 June 1960 (the first 30 June to fall after five years from the date of election). The Native Representative Members seats were to be abolished in 1960, at the end of the current term.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 104], "content_span": [105, 328]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076271-0004-0000", "contents": "1958 South African general election, Changes in composition and franchise, Coloured Representative Members\nThe Separate Representation of Voters Act 1951, had provided for coloured voters in Cape Province to be removed from the general voters rolls and placed on a separate roll. The coloured voters lost the right to participate in general roll elections and were given four (white) representative members in Parliament.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 106], "content_span": [107, 421]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076271-0005-0000", "contents": "1958 South African general election, Changes in composition and franchise, Coloured Representative Members\nThe implementation of the 1951 Act was delayed in what is known as the Coloured vote constitutional crisis, due to legal arguments about whether Parliament had complied with the requirement for a two-thirds majority in joint session, before it could remove the coloured voters from the general roll.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 106], "content_span": [107, 406]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076271-0006-0000", "contents": "1958 South African general election, Changes in composition and franchise, Coloured Representative Members\nEventually legislation to change the size and electoral system for the Senate was enacted, which the courts accepted as enabling the 1951 Act to be validated by the constitutionally required margin.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 106], "content_span": [107, 305]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076271-0007-0000", "contents": "1958 South African general election, Changes in composition and franchise, Coloured Representative Members\nThe Coloured Representative Members were elected, for the first time, on 3 April 1958, for a term expiring with the next dissolution of Parliament. Four supporters of the United Party were elected to fill the new seats.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 106], "content_span": [107, 326]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076271-0008-0000", "contents": "1958 South African general election, Delimitation of electoral divisions\nThe South Africa Act 1909 had provided for a delimitation commission to define the boundaries for each electoral division, for general roll voters in the four provinces. The representation by province, under the eleventh delimitation report of 1958, is set out in the table below. The figures in brackets are the number of electoral divisions in the previous (1953) delimitation. If there is no figure in brackets then the number was unchanged.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 72], "content_span": [73, 517]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076271-0009-0000", "contents": "1958 South African general election, Composition at the dissolution\nAt the end of the 11th Union Parliament, when it was dissolved in 1958, the House of Assembly consisted of two types of members. White voters were represented by 156 members and black voters in Cape Province by three white MPs (known at the time as Native Representative Members). A third type of MP was about to be elected, so that four white MPs would represent coloured voters in Cape Province. They were known as the Coloured Representative Members (CRM).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 67], "content_span": [68, 527]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076271-0010-0000", "contents": "1958 South African general election, Composition at the dissolution\nThe general election, on 16 April 1958, only affected the representatives of white voters. The other members were elected on different dates (see above).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 67], "content_span": [68, 221]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076271-0011-0000", "contents": "1958 South African general election, Composition at the dissolution\nThe representation by party and province, at the dissolution was:-", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 67], "content_span": [68, 134]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076271-0012-0000", "contents": "1958 South African general election, Results\nThe general election, for 156 seats in the 12th Union Parliament, was the first in South African history when only voters classified as white took part. In the eleven previous general elections, the Cape Province and Natal general electoral roll had included some black (until 1938 in the Cape), Asian (until 1948) and coloured electors.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 44], "content_span": [45, 382]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076271-0013-0000", "contents": "1958 South African general election, Results\nThe election saw the collapse of the South African Labour Party which lost all 5 of its seats and whose vote dropped from almost 35,000 votes in 1953 to 2,670 votes in 1958. The drop in support is largely attributed to the party leader Alex Hepple's growing outspokenness in opposition to apartheid and his co-operation with the African National Congress, positions which were not supported at the time by white workers who were the bulk of the Labour Party's electorate.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 44], "content_span": [45, 516]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076271-0014-0000", "contents": "1958 South African general election, Results, By province\nThe overall composition of the House, after the general election, was as below. There were boundary changes, from the delimitation of seats in the previous Parliament, so no attempt is made to identify changes.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 57], "content_span": [58, 268]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076272-0000-0000", "contents": "1958 South American Basketball Championship\nThe South American Basketball Championship 1958 was the 17th edition of this tournament. It was held from January 24 to February 11 in Santiago, Chile and won by the Brazil national basketball team. 8 teams competed.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 43], "section_span": [43, 43], "content_span": [44, 260]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076273-0000-0000", "contents": "1958 South American Basketball Championship for Women\nThe 1958 South American Basketball Championship for Women was the 7th regional tournament for women in South America. It was held in Lima, Peru and won by Brazil. Five teams competed.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 53], "section_span": [53, 53], "content_span": [54, 237]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076273-0001-0000", "contents": "1958 South American Basketball Championship for Women, Results\nEach team played the other teams twice, for a total of eight games played by each team.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 53], "section_span": [55, 62], "content_span": [63, 150]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076274-0000-0000", "contents": "1958 South American Championships in Athletics\nThe 1958 South American Championships in Athletics were held in Montevideo, Uruguay, between 19 and 27 April.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 46], "section_span": [46, 46], "content_span": [47, 156]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076275-0000-0000", "contents": "1958 South American Rugby Championship\nThe 1958 South American Rugby Championship was the second edition of the two tiered competition of the leading national Rugby Union teams in South America. The tournament was arranged seven years after the \"Torneo Internacional played in 1951, and later recognized as the first edition of this competition.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [38, 38], "content_span": [39, 345]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076275-0001-0000", "contents": "1958 South American Rugby Championship\nThe tournament was played in Chile and won by Argentina.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [38, 38], "content_span": [39, 95]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076276-0000-0000", "contents": "1958 South American U-20 Championship\nThe South American Youth Championship 1958 was held in Santiago and Valpara\u00edso, Chile.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [37, 37], "content_span": [38, 124]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076277-0000-0000", "contents": "1958 South Carolina Gamecocks football team\nThe 1958 South Carolina Gamecocks football team represented the University of South Carolina in the Atlantic Coast Conference in the 1958 NCAA University Division football season. The Gamecocks finished the season 7\u20133 overall.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 43], "section_span": [43, 43], "content_span": [44, 270]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076278-0000-0000", "contents": "1958 South Carolina gubernatorial election\nThe 1958 South Carolina gubernatorial election was held on November 4, 1958 to select the governor of the state of South Carolina. Ernest Hollings won the Democratic primary against rival Donald S. Russell and ran unopposed in the general election becoming the 106th governor.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 42], "section_span": [42, 42], "content_span": [43, 319]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076278-0001-0000", "contents": "1958 South Carolina gubernatorial election, Democratic primary\nThe South Carolina Democratic Party held their primary for governor in the summer of 1958 and it became a heated contest between Lieutenant Governor Ernest Hollings and the former president of the University of South Carolina, Donald S. Russell. Hollings emerged victorious from the runoff and effectively became the next governor of South Carolina because there was no opposition in the general election.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 42], "section_span": [44, 62], "content_span": [63, 468]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076278-0002-0000", "contents": "1958 South Carolina gubernatorial election, General election\nThe general election was held on November 4, 1958 and Ernest Hollings was elected the next governor of South Carolina without opposition. Being a non-presidential election and few contested races, turnout was much lower than the Democratic primary election.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 42], "section_span": [44, 60], "content_span": [61, 318]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076279-0000-0000", "contents": "1958 South Dakota Coyotes football team\nThe 1958 South Dakota Coyotes football team was an American football team that represented the University of South Dakota in the North Central Conference (NCC) during the 1958 NCAA College Division football season. In its third season under head coach Ralph Stewart, the team compiled a 5\u20134 record (4\u20132 against NCC opponents), finished in fourth place out of seven teams in the NCC, scored 137 points, and gave up 137 points. The team played its home games at Inman Field in Vermillion, South Dakota.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [39, 39], "content_span": [40, 540]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076280-0000-0000", "contents": "1958 South Dakota State Jackrabbits football team\nThe 1958 South Dakota State Jackrabbits football team was an American football team that represented South Dakota State University in the North Central Conference during the 1958 NCAA College Division football season. In its 12th season under head coach Ralph Ginn, the team compiled a 4\u20135 record, finished in a three-way tie for third place out of seven teams in the NCC, and was outscored by a total of 158 to 123.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 49], "section_span": [49, 49], "content_span": [50, 466]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076281-0000-0000", "contents": "1958 South Dakota gubernatorial election\nThe 1958 South Dakota gubernatorial election was held on November 4, 1958.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [40, 40], "content_span": [41, 115]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076281-0001-0000", "contents": "1958 South Dakota gubernatorial election\nDemocratic nominee Ralph Herseth defeated Republican nominee Phil Saunders with 51.40% of the vote.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [40, 40], "content_span": [41, 140]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076282-0000-0000", "contents": "1958 South Korean legislative election\nLegislative elections were held in South Korea on 2 May 1958. The result was a victory for the Liberal Party, which won 126 of the 233 seats. Voter turnout was 87.8%.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [38, 38], "content_span": [39, 205]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076283-0000-0000", "contents": "1958 Southern 500\nThe 1958 Southern 500, the 9th running of the event, was a NASCAR Grand National Series event that was held on September 1, 1958 at Darlington Raceway in Darlington, South Carolina. Contested over 364 laps on the 1.375 mile (2.221\u00a0km) speedway, it was the 41st race of the 1958 NASCAR Grand National Series season. Fireball Roberts won the race.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [17, 17], "content_span": [18, 363]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076283-0001-0000", "contents": "1958 Southern 500\nKen Rush failed to qualify for the event; qualifying times were typically between 16.9 seconds and 21.2 seconds.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [17, 17], "content_span": [18, 130]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076283-0002-0000", "contents": "1958 Southern 500\nEddie Pagan had a very scary crash in this race on lap 136, he hit the end of a steel guardrail and tumbled down the track embankment. Pagan escaped though with very minor injuries. Jimmy Thompson finished in 4th place while Speedy Thompson finished in 14th place.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [17, 17], "content_span": [18, 282]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076284-0000-0000", "contents": "1958 Southern Conference Men's Basketball Tournament\nThe 1958 Southern Conference Men's Basketball Tournament took place from March 6\u20138, 1958 at the Richmond Arena in Richmond, Virginia. The West Virginia Mountaineeers, led by head coach Fred Schaus, won their fourth Southern Conference title and received the automatic berth to the 1958 NCAA Tournament.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 52], "section_span": [52, 52], "content_span": [53, 355]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076284-0001-0000", "contents": "1958 Southern Conference Men's Basketball Tournament, Format\nThe top eight finishers of the conference's ten members were eligible for the tournament. Teams were seeded based on conference winning percentage. The tournament used a preset bracket consisting of three rounds.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 52], "section_span": [54, 60], "content_span": [61, 273]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076285-0000-0000", "contents": "1958 Southern Illinois Salukis football team\nThe 1958 Southern Illinois Salukis football team was an American football team that represented Southern Illinois University (now known as Southern Illinois University Carbondale) in the Interstate Intercollegiate Athletic Conference (IIAC) during the 1958 NCAA College Division football season. Under fourth-year head coach Albert Kawal, the team compiled a 7\u20132 record. The team played its home games at McAndrew Stadium in Carbondale, Illinois.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [44, 44], "content_span": [45, 491]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076286-0000-0000", "contents": "1958 Southern Rhodesian general election\nGeneral elections were held in Southern Rhodesia on 5 June 1958 for the seats in the Southern Rhodesian Legislative Assembly. Although the Dominion Party received the most votes, the result was a victory for the ruling United Federal Party, which won 17 seats. The revived United Rhodesia Party under the leadership of former Prime Minister Sir Garfield Todd failed to win a single seat.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [40, 40], "content_span": [41, 428]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076287-0000-0000", "contents": "1958 Southwestern Louisiana Bulldogs football team\nThe 1958 Southwestern Louisiana Bulldogs football team was an American football team that represented the Southwestern Louisiana Institute of Liberal and Technical Learning (now known as the University of Louisiana at Lafayette) in the Gulf States Conference during the 1958 NCAA College Division football season. In their first year under head coach Red Hoggatt, the team compiled a 1\u20138 record.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 50], "section_span": [50, 50], "content_span": [51, 446]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076288-0000-0000", "contents": "1958 Soviet Class B\nThis is the current revision of this page, as edited by Frietjes (talk | contribs) at 22:05, 18 March 2020 (expand templates per Fb team TfD outcome and Fb competition TfD outcome and Fb cl TfD outcome and Fb rbr TfD outcome). The present address (URL) is a permanent link to this version.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [19, 19], "content_span": [20, 309]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076288-0001-0000", "contents": "1958 Soviet Class B\nFollowing are the results of the 1958 Soviet First League football championship. FC SKVO Rostov-na-Donu winning the championship.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [19, 19], "content_span": [20, 149]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076289-0000-0000", "contents": "1958 Soviet Cup\nThe 1958 Soviet Cup was an association football cup competition of the Soviet Union.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 15], "section_span": [15, 15], "content_span": [16, 100]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076290-0000-0000", "contents": "1958 Soviet Top League\n12 teams took part in the league with FC Spartak Moscow winning the championship.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [22, 22], "content_span": [23, 104]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076291-0000-0000", "contents": "1958 Soviet Union legislative election\nElections to the Supreme Soviet were held in the Soviet Union on 16 March 1958.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [38, 38], "content_span": [39, 118]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076291-0001-0000", "contents": "1958 Soviet Union legislative election, Electoral system\nCandidates had to be nominated by the Communist Party of the Soviet Union (CPSU) or by a public organisation. However, all public organisations were controlled by the party and were subservient to a 1931 law that required them to accept party rule. The CPSU itself remained the only legal one in the country.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 56], "content_span": [57, 365]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076291-0002-0000", "contents": "1958 Soviet Union legislative election, Electoral system\nVoters could vote against the CPSU candidate, but could only do so by using polling booths, whereas votes for the party could be cast simply by submitting a blank ballot. Turnout was required to be over 50% for the election to be valid.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 56], "content_span": [57, 293]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076291-0003-0000", "contents": "1958 Soviet Union legislative election, Candidates\nCPSU candidates accounted for around three quarters of the nominees, whilst many of the others were members of Komsomol.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 50], "content_span": [51, 171]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076292-0000-0000", "contents": "1958 Soviet nuclear tests\nThe Soviet Union's 1958 nuclear test series was a group of 36 nuclear tests conducted in 1958. These tests followed the 1957 Soviet nuclear tests series and preceded the 1961 Soviet nuclear tests series.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [25, 25], "content_span": [26, 229]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076293-0000-0000", "contents": "1958 Special Honours (New Zealand)\nThe 1958 Special Honours in New Zealand were two special honours lists in which 26 New Zealanders were awarded the Polar Medal. The first list, issued on 22 May 1958, recognised 18 people for their services as members of the Commonwealth Trans-Antarctic Expedition, while the second list, published on 9 October 1958, gave recognition to a further eight people for their services as members of the New Zealand International Geophysical Year party to Antarctica.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [34, 34], "content_span": [35, 496]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076294-0000-0000", "contents": "1958 Speedway National League\nThe 1958 National League was the 24th season and the thirteenth post-war season of the highest tier of motorcycle speedway in Great Britain.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [29, 29], "content_span": [30, 170]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076294-0001-0000", "contents": "1958 Speedway National League, Summary\nBradford Tudors who had dropped out at the start of the previous season only to return in mid-season, had dropped out again along with the bottom side Rayleigh Rockets. Poole Pirates returned after a one-year absence. Wimbledon Dons won their fourth title in five years.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 38], "content_span": [39, 309]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076294-0002-0000", "contents": "1958 Speedway National League, National Trophy\nThe 1958 National Trophy was the 20th edition of the Knockout Cup. Belle Vue were the winners.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 46], "content_span": [47, 141]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076294-0003-0000", "contents": "1958 Speedway National League, National Trophy, Final, Second leg\nBelle Vue were National Trophy Champions, winning on aggregate 136\u2013103.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 65], "content_span": [66, 137]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076295-0000-0000", "contents": "1958 St Helens by-election\nThe 1958 St Helens by-election to the House of Commons of the United Kingdom was held on 12 June 1958. It was held due to the vacation of the seat by the incumbent Labour Member of Parliament, Sir Hartley Shawcross. It was retained by the Labour candidate Leslie Spriggs.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [26, 26], "content_span": [27, 298]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076295-0001-0000", "contents": "1958 St Helens by-election, Background\nSt Helens had been represented in Parliament by Sir Hartley Shawcross since the 1945 United Kingdom general election. However he had become increasingly disillusioned with the Labour Party to the point where he was called by the journalist Bernard Levin \"Sir Shortly Floorcross\". Hartley stated he wished to vacate his seat citing disillusionment with party politics. Shawcross asked to be appointed as the Crown Steward and Bailiff of the Manor of Northstead, an office of profit under the Crown which disqualifies people from being MPs as resignation is not allowed. Shawcross was later elevated to the House of Lords as a Crossbench life peer.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [28, 38], "content_span": [39, 685]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076295-0002-0000", "contents": "1958 St Helens by-election, Election\nCarlisle was contesting his first election for the Conservative Party. Spriggs was contesting his second election after unsuccessfully standing for North Fylde three years earlier. He was selected as the Labour Party candidate following Tom Driberg bringing media attention to the selections by alleging religious discrimination in the shortlist of candidates and Spriggs was seen as the \"safe\" option. As St Helens is considered a safe Labour seat, Spriggs won the election and would represent St Helens until 1983. Carlisle would later get elected as the MP for Runcorn.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [28, 36], "content_span": [37, 609]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076296-0000-0000", "contents": "1958 St. Louis Cardinals season\nThe 1958 St. Louis Cardinals season was the team's 77th season in St. Louis, Missouri and its 67th season in the National League. The Cardinals went 72\u201382 during the season and finished 5th in the National League.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [31, 31], "content_span": [32, 245]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076296-0001-0000", "contents": "1958 St. Louis Cardinals season, Regular season\nThird baseman Ken Boyer won a Gold Glove this year.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 47], "content_span": [48, 99]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076296-0002-0000", "contents": "1958 St. Louis Cardinals season, Player stats, Batting, Starters by position\nNote: Pos = Position; G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 76], "content_span": [77, 201]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076296-0003-0000", "contents": "1958 St. Louis Cardinals season, Player stats, Batting, Other batters\nNote: G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 69], "content_span": [70, 178]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076296-0004-0000", "contents": "1958 St. Louis Cardinals season, Player stats, Pitching, Starting pitchers\nNote: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 74], "content_span": [75, 185]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076296-0005-0000", "contents": "1958 St. Louis Cardinals season, Player stats, Pitching, Other pitchers\nNote: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 71], "content_span": [72, 182]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076296-0006-0000", "contents": "1958 St. Louis Cardinals season, Player stats, Pitching, Relief pitchers\nNote: G = Games pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; SV = Saves; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 72], "content_span": [73, 173]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076297-0000-0000", "contents": "1958 Stanford Indians football team\nThe 1958 Stanford Indians football team represented Stanford University in the 1958 NCAA University Division football season. In head coach Jack Curtice's first season at Stanford, the Indians won only two games, ending the season with a 2\u20138 record, the school's worst since a winless 1947 season. Home\u00a0games were played on campus at Stanford Stadium in Stanford, California.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [35, 35], "content_span": [36, 411]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076298-0000-0000", "contents": "1958 Stanley Cup Finals\nThe 1958 Stanley Cup Finals was the championship series of the National Hockey League's (NHL) 1957\u201358 season, and the culmination of the 1958 Stanley Cup playoffs. It was contested between the two-time defending champion Montreal Canadiens and the Boston Bruins in a rematch of the 1957 Finals. The Canadiens, who were appearing in the Finals for the eighth consecutive year, won the series, four games to two, for their third straight Cup victory and tenth in the team's history.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [23, 23], "content_span": [24, 504]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076298-0001-0000", "contents": "1958 Stanley Cup Finals, Paths to the Finals\nMontreal defeated the Detroit Red Wings 4\u20130, and Boston defeated the New York Rangers 4\u20132, to reach the Finals.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 44], "content_span": [45, 156]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076298-0002-0000", "contents": "1958 Stanley Cup Finals, Game summaries\nMontreal captain Maurice \"Rocket\" Richard led the playoff goal-scoring race with 11. In Game 5, he notched his sixth career playoff overtime goal (three of which occurred in this and previous Stanley Cup Finals).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 39], "content_span": [40, 252]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076298-0003-0000", "contents": "1958 Stanley Cup Finals, Stanley Cup engraving\nThe 1958 Stanley Cup was presented to Canadiens captain Maurice Richard by NHL President Clarence Campbell following the Canadiens 5\u20133 win over the Bruins in game six.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 46], "content_span": [47, 214]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076298-0004-0000", "contents": "1958 Stanley Cup Finals, Stanley Cup engraving\nThe following Canadiens players and staff had their names engraved on the Stanley Cup", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 46], "content_span": [47, 132]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076298-0005-0000", "contents": "1958 Stanley Cup Finals, Engraving notes\nEvery player whose name was engraved on the Stanley Cup in 1957 also appeared on the Cup in 1958, the only time this had occurred in NHL history for repeat champions. In addition, four players' names appeared on the Cup in 1958 that were not present in 1957: Charlie Hodge, Ab MacDonald, Marcel Bonin and Albert Langlois. The only other change was in the name of the owner, as Hartland Molson had taken over the Canadiens from William Northey and Donat Raymond. Thirteen names on the 1958 Cup are those of members of Hockey Hall of Fame: players Jean Beliveau, Bernie Geoffrion, Doug Harvey, Tom Johnson, Dickie Moore, Bert Olmstead, Jacques Plante, Henri Richard and Maurice Richard, and non-players Hartland Molson, Ken Reardon, Frank Selke Sr. and Hector 'Toe' Blake.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 40], "content_span": [41, 811]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076299-0000-0000", "contents": "1958 Star World Championships\nThe 1958 Star World Championships were held in San Diego, United States 18\u201323 August 1958. The hosting yacht club was San Diego Yacht Club.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [29, 29], "content_span": [30, 169]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076299-0001-0000", "contents": "1958 Star World Championships, Results\nLegend: DNF \u2013 Did not finish; DSA \u2013 Disabled; DSQ \u2013 Disqualified; WDR \u2013 Withdrew;", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 38], "content_span": [39, 120]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076300-0000-0000", "contents": "1958 Sterlington railroad collision\nThe 1958 Sterlington Railroad Disaster was a head-on collision by two Erie Railroad trains on August 11, 1958 at 6:47 AM killing 5 people and injuring 22 to 36 (sources are conflicting). The collision occurred when the operator in the signal tower at Suffern failed to hold the westbound train No. 53 at Suffern for the eastbound No. 50 commuter train from Monroe, New York, to Hoboken, New Jersey. When he realized his error, he attempted to contact the crews via radio but was unsuccessful due to a radio dead spot. The trains impacted head-on right in front of the abandoned Erie Railroad Sterlington railroad depot in Sterlington, New York near Sloatsburg, killing the crew of the locomotive No. 859 from train No.50 as well as two passengers and injuring the crew of the locomotive No. 1402 from the westbound train.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [35, 35], "content_span": [36, 857]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076300-0001-0000", "contents": "1958 Sterlington railroad collision, Accident\nTrain No. 50, an eastbound passenger train was led by an American Locomotive Company PA-1 diesel-electric locomotive No. 859, with four passenger coaches. Beginning its day at 5:25 a.m. at Monroe, New York. Meanwhile, train No. 53, a westbound train headed for Port Jervis, New York with an EMD GP7 locomotive No. 1402, a road-switcher, an express car, mail car, mail-bagger car and two passenger coaches departed Hoboken Terminal in Hoboken, New Jersey at 4:00 am.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 45], "content_span": [46, 511]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076300-0002-0000", "contents": "1958 Sterlington railroad collision, Accident\nAt 5:15 am, the train dispatcher at Hoboken was notified by the New Jersey operator that an eastbound freight train, Extra 703 East, would be coming off the Graham Line with three diesel-electric locomotives, 115 freight cars and a caboose. In order to keep the freight train moving and not delay train No. 50, they moved the freight onto the eastbound track, switching to westbound track at Hillburn. The dispatcher informed the New Jersey operator at 5:16 by telephone to hold westbound trains and put a stop signal up. The freight was placed on the eastbound main track when it passed New Jersey at 5:28 am, going about 25 miles per hour.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 45], "content_span": [46, 687]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076300-0003-0000", "contents": "1958 Sterlington railroad collision, Accident\nTrain No. 50 saw the stop signal at New Jersey, and a yellow flag, which noted that the operator had a Form 19 train order to let the freight through; the engineer of train No. 50 sounded the horn and a train order No. 103 was given by the New Jersey operator. Order 103 meant that train 50 could use the westbound main track between New Jersey, and the first crossover track west of Hillburn, and had priority over other trains. Train 50 crossed the interlocking station at 5:32 am, making stops at Southfields, Tuxedo and Sloatsburg.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 45], "content_span": [46, 581]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076300-0004-0000", "contents": "1958 Sterlington railroad collision, Accident\nAs train No. 50 approached what was to become the scene of the accident, the engineer and a fireman and a road foreman were sitting the cab of locomotive 859 while the conductor, front brakeman and a flagman were located in the first coach of the train; the road foreman noted that after they departed Sloatsburg, they had seen train 53 coming up the line, but could not distinguish which track it was on because of the curve and vegetation alongside the tracks. When the road foreman and fireman saw train 53 on the westbound track, they notified the brakeman, who reduced the speed from 50 miles per hour 20 miles per hour Meanwhile, the engineer and the fireman entered the engine compartment of locomotive 859.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 45], "content_span": [46, 760]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076300-0005-0000", "contents": "1958 Sterlington railroad collision, Accident\nOn train 53, the crew was divided between cars; the engineer and his colleagues were in control of locomotive 1402, which was now running on the westbound main line track north of Hillburn. The headlights were also dimmed on locomotive 1402. With no hold order for them, they continued on the westbound tack. when the engineer of 1402 saw the oncoming train, the emergency brakes were activated.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 45], "content_span": [46, 441]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076300-0006-0000", "contents": "1958 Sterlington railroad collision, Accident\nThe two trains collided in front of the freight depot of the Erie Railroad in the hamlet of Sterlington. The two engines were described as being welded together from the force of the impact by officials responding to the scene, while several of the coaches on train No. 50 crashed into each other, pulling their wheels off the track. However, neither the locomotives or the cars behind them derailed.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 45], "content_span": [46, 446]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076300-0007-0000", "contents": "1958 Sterlington railroad collision, Aftermath\nThe case was ruled to be caused by human error and the signalman Frederick Roth was cleared of culpable negligence charges and was laid off in September", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 46], "content_span": [47, 199]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076301-0000-0000", "contents": "1958 Sudanese parliamentary election\nParliamentary elections were held in Sudan on 27 February and 8 March 1958. The first elections since independence in 1956, they were supposed to be held in August 1957, but were postponed by the ruling council, who claimed that flooding would affect the vote. The result was a victory for the Umma Party, which won 63 of the 173 seats.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [36, 36], "content_span": [37, 373]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076301-0001-0000", "contents": "1958 Sudanese parliamentary election\nThe Southern Sudan Federal Party competed in the election, and won 40 of the 46 seats allocated to the southern provinces. The party platform represented a serious challenge to the authorities. However, when it became clear that the party's demands for a federal structure would be ignored by the Constituent Assembly, on 16 June 1958 the southern MPs left parliament.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [36, 36], "content_span": [37, 405]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076302-0000-0000", "contents": "1958 Sugar Bowl\nThe 1958 Sugar Bowl featured the seventh-ranked Ole Miss Rebels and the eleventh-ranked Texas Longhorns.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 15], "section_span": [15, 15], "content_span": [16, 120]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076302-0001-0000", "contents": "1958 Sugar Bowl, Game summary\nIn the first quarter, Ole Miss quarterback Raymond Brown scored on a 1-yard touchdown run as the Rebels took a 6\u20130 lead. He finished the game with 157 yards rushing on 15 carries. In the second quarter, Brown threw a 3-yard touchdown pass to Don Williams as Ole Miss led 13\u20130. Kent Lovelace scored on a 9\u2013yard run as Ole Miss led 19\u20130 at halftime.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 15], "section_span": [17, 29], "content_span": [30, 377]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076302-0002-0000", "contents": "1958 Sugar Bowl, Game summary\nIn the third quarter, Bobby Franklin scored on a 3-yard run as Ole Miss led 26\u20130. Texas scored on a 1-yard touchdown run by George Blanch to narrow the score to 26\u20137. Brown scored on a 92-yard touchdown run making the score 33\u20137. Billy Brewer's 12-yard touchdown pass to Tommy Taylor made the final score 39\u20137.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 15], "section_span": [17, 29], "content_span": [30, 340]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076303-0000-0000", "contents": "1958 Sun Bowl (December)\nThe 1958 Sun Bowl (December) was a college football postseason bowl game between the Wyoming Cowboys and the Hardin\u2013Simmons Cowboys. This was the 25th Sun Bowl, and the first edition to be held in December; all prior Sun Bowls had been played on January 1 or January 2.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [24, 24], "content_span": [25, 294]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076303-0001-0000", "contents": "1958 Sun Bowl (December), Background\nWyoming was champion of the Mountain States Conference for the third time in the 1950s and Hardin\u2013Simmons was champion of the Border Conference for the third time in 16 years.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 36], "content_span": [37, 212]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076303-0002-0000", "contents": "1958 Sun Bowl (December), Game summary\nThough both teams were stingy on defense, two turnovers in the second quarter led to Hardin\u2013Simmons' downfall. Pete Hart fumbled the ball and Wyoming\u2019s Pat Smyth recovered on the 19 of Hardin. Two plays later, Bud Snyder ran for 22 yards to the end zone to give Wyoming a 7\u20130 lead. After the kickoff, Hardin\u2013Simmons was at their own 21 yard line. After a seven-yard loss on the first play, an interception of Harold Stephens' pass by Leonard Kuczewski led to another Snyder touchdown run.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 38], "content_span": [39, 527]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076303-0002-0001", "contents": "1958 Sun Bowl (December), Game summary\nStephens cut the lead on a touchdown pass to Benji, but after the failed conversion attempt, Hardin\u2013Simmons failed to reach the end zone after that. Though Wyoming was limited to 188 total yards compared to Hardin-Simmons' 235 yards of total offense, Wyoming forced four turnovers while Hardin-Simmons failed to utilize their rushing attack for more points.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 38], "content_span": [39, 396]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076303-0003-0000", "contents": "1958 Sun Bowl (December), Aftermath\nWyoming won three more conference titles, but was not invited to any more bowl games during the rest of Devaney's tenure. This was the last bowl game for Hardin\u2013Simmons.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 35], "content_span": [36, 205]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076304-0000-0000", "contents": "1958 Sun Bowl (January)\nThe 1958 Sun Bowl was a college football bowl game played between Drake Bulldogs and Louisville Cardinals at Kidd Field in El Paso, Texas.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [23, 23], "content_span": [24, 162]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076304-0001-0000", "contents": "1958 Sun Bowl (January), Background\nThis was Louisville's first ever bowl appearance. This was Drake's first bowl game since 1949.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 35], "content_span": [36, 130]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076304-0002-0000", "contents": "1958 Sun Bowl (January), Scoring summary\nKen Porco carried the ball 20 times for 119 yards and one touchdown in an MVP effort, after Lenny Lyles (their lead rusher of the season) was injured on the first play.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 40], "content_span": [41, 209]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076305-0000-0000", "contents": "1958 Surinamese general election\nGeneral elections were held in Suriname on 25 June 1958. The result was a victory for the National Party of Suriname, which won nine of the 21 seats.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [32, 32], "content_span": [33, 182]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076306-0000-0000", "contents": "1958 Swedish general election\nEarly general elections were held in Sweden on 1 June 1958, after the defeat of the Social Democratic government's proposals for a new pensions system in a parliamentary vote. The Social Democrats remained the largest party, winning 111 of the 231 seats in the Second Chamber of the Riksdag, and Tage Erlander's third government was returned to power. In accordance with the law, the new Chamber was elected only to complete the previous Chamber's term, which was due to end in 1960.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [29, 29], "content_span": [30, 513]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076307-0000-0000", "contents": "1958 Swiss referendums\nSeven referendums were held in Switzerland during 1958. The first was held on 26 January on a popular initiative \"against the abuse of economic power\", concerning unfair competition, and was rejected by voters. The second was held on 11 May on the federal budget, and was approved by voters. The third and fourth were held on 6 July on introducing a new section 27ter to the constitution concerning films, and a petition to improve the road network, both of which were approved.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [22, 22], "content_span": [23, 501]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076307-0000-0001", "contents": "1958 Swiss referendums\nThe fifth referendum was held on 26 October on instituting a 44-hour working week, and was rejected by voters. The final two were held on 7 December on a constitutional amendment on gambling and approving a treaty with Italy on a hydroelectric power scheme on the River Sp\u00f6l, with both approved.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [22, 22], "content_span": [23, 318]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076308-0000-0000", "contents": "1958 Syerston Avro Vulcan crash\nThe 1958 Syerston Avro Vulcan crash was an aviation accident that occurred in England on 20 September 1958 during an air show at RAF Syerston, Nottinghamshire when a prototype Avro Vulcan bomber crashed. All four crew on board and three people on the ground were killed.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [31, 31], "content_span": [32, 302]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076308-0001-0000", "contents": "1958 Syerston Avro Vulcan crash, Flight\nOn the day of the accident VX770 was flying from the Rolls-Royce airfield at Hucknall, with four crew on board, including a flight test engineer from Avro, carrying out performance tests on the Rolls-Royce Conway engines that had been fitted in place of the Sapphires and Avons originally fitted. During the course of the test-flight VX770 diverted to RAF Syerston to participate in the Battle of Britain day air show.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 39], "content_span": [40, 458]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076308-0002-0000", "contents": "1958 Syerston Avro Vulcan crash, Accident\nThe Vulcan flew along runway 07 then started a rolling climb to starboard. During this manoeuvre the starboard wing disintegrated, resulting in a collapse of the main spar and wing structure. The Vulcan went into a dive with the starboard wing on fire and struck the ground. Three occupants of a controllers' caravan were killed by debris, all four of the Vulcan crew were also killed. Three servicemen who were in an ambulance were also injured by debris from the crash.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 41], "content_span": [42, 513]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076308-0003-0000", "contents": "1958 Syerston Avro Vulcan crash, Cause\nThe official primary cause for the accident was a gross structural failure of the aircraft's main spar, which was confirmed by amateur footage, photographs and eyewitness accounts. The reason for the failure was not determined by the Board of Inquiry (BoI), but it was suggested by an accident investigator called in by Rolls Royce that the main cause was that the pilot, upon performing the planned aerobatic display, exceeded the prototype's briefed speed and turning rate limits. The accident investigator submitted a statement to the BoI, but did not give evidence under oath.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 38], "content_span": [39, 619]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076308-0003-0001", "contents": "1958 Syerston Avro Vulcan crash, Cause\nThe BoI was apparently not informed that the aircraft manufacturer considered the basis for the statement to be invalid. The Technical Officer of the Board of Inquiry (BoI) identified a suspected fatigue failure of the inboard arm of the front bottom wing attachment main forging, and suggested vibration from the high airflow volumes required by the RR Conway 11 engines as a possible cause. The Royal Aircraft Establishment carried out a structural analysis of the wreckage and produced a report on 21 April 1960, but no copy has been found in the public record. Avro's then Chief Test Pilot, Tony Blackman, argued that the maintenance crew failed to properly inspect the aircraft for known issues with stress damage to the aircraft's leading edges and structural ribs, which had been observed in another prototype he had flown earlier.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 38], "content_span": [39, 877]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076309-0000-0000", "contents": "1958 Sylvania Television Awards\nThe 1958 Sylvania Television Awards were presented on January 22, 1959, at the Plaza Hotel in New York City. The Sylvania Awards were established by Sylvania Electric Products.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [31, 31], "content_span": [32, 208]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076309-0001-0000", "contents": "1958 Sylvania Television Awards\nThe 31-member panel that decided the winners was chaired by Deems Taylor and also included Marvin Barrett, television editor of Newsweek; Kenneth Bartlett of Syracuse University; pitcher Bob Feller; Judge Samuel S. Leibowitz; actor and playwright Elliott Nugent; actress and author Cornelius Oits Skinner; and lawyer and writer Telford Taylor.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [31, 31], "content_span": [32, 375]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076309-0002-0000", "contents": "1958 Sylvania Television Awards, Nominees\nThe programs nominated for \"Outstanding Telecast\" included The Plot to Kill Stalin; the Moiseyev Dancers on The Ed Sullivan Show; An Evening with Fred Astaire; Little Moon of Alban; All the King's Men on Kraft Television Theatre; The Bridge of San Luis Rey on DuPont Show of the Month; and the episode \"African Adventure\" from Lowell Thomas's High Adventure.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 41], "content_span": [42, 400]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076309-0003-0000", "contents": "1958 Sylvania Television Awards, Nominees\nThe nominees for outstanding actor included Paul Muni in The Last Clear Chance; Melvyn Douglas in The Plot to Kill Stalin; Neville Brand in All the King's Men; and Frederic March in The Winslow Boy.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 41], "content_span": [42, 240]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076309-0004-0000", "contents": "1958 Sylvania Television Awards, Nominees\nThe nominees for outstanding actress included Rosalind Russell in Wonderful Town; Piper Laurie in Days of Wine and Roses; Julie Harris in Little Moon of Alban; and Judith Anderson and Viveca Lindfors in The Bridge on San Luis Rey.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 41], "content_span": [42, 272]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076310-0000-0000", "contents": "1958 Syracuse Grand Prix\nThe 8th Syracuse Grand Prix was a motor race, run to Formula One rules, held on 13 April 1958 at Syracuse Circuit, Sicily. The race was run over 60 laps of the circuit, and was won by Italian driver Luigi Musso in a Ferrari Dino 246, who also took pole position and fastest lap.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [24, 24], "content_span": [25, 303]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076311-0000-0000", "contents": "1958 Syracuse Orangemen football team\nThe 1958 Syracuse Orangemen football team represented Syracuse University during the 1958 NCAA University Division football season. The Orangemen were led by 10th-year head coach Ben Schwartzwalder and played their home games at Archbold Stadium in Syracuse, New York. Syracuse finished the regular season ranked in the top 10 of both major polls after compiling a record of 8\u20131. They were invited to the 1959 Orange Bowl, where they were defeated by Oklahoma.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [37, 37], "content_span": [38, 498]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076311-0001-0000", "contents": "1958 Syracuse Orangemen football team, Schedule\nNote: The game against Boston University was played at night.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [39, 47], "content_span": [48, 109]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076312-0000-0000", "contents": "1958 Syrian United Arab Republic referendum\nA referendum on the formation of the United Arab Republic and appointing Gamal Abdel Nasser as its president was held in Syria on 21 February 1958, alongside a simultaneous referendum in Egypt. The formation of the UAR was approved by 100% of voters, with only 139 voting against, whilst Nasser was approved as president by a similar margin.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 43], "section_span": [43, 43], "content_span": [44, 385]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076313-0000-0000", "contents": "1958 S\u00e3o Paulo FC season\nThe 1958 football season was S\u00e3o Paulo's 29th season since club's existence.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [24, 24], "content_span": [25, 101]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076314-0000-0000", "contents": "1958 TANFL season\nThe 1958 Tasmanian Australian National Football League (TANFL) premiership season was an Australian Rules football competition staged in Hobart, Tasmania over eighteen (17) roster rounds and four (4) finals series matches between 5 April and 13 September 1958. The eighteenth roster round scheduled for 16 August was postponed due to inclement weather conditions and was abandoned altogether two days later.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [17, 17], "content_span": [18, 425]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076314-0001-0000", "contents": "1958 TANFL season, 1958 TANFL Ladder, Round 1\n(Saturday, 5 April. Monday, 7 April & Saturday, 12 April 1958)", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 45], "content_span": [46, 108]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076314-0002-0000", "contents": "1958 TANFL season, 1958 TANFL Ladder, Round 18\nNote: This round was abandoned due to inclement weather conditions.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 46], "content_span": [47, 114]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076314-0003-0000", "contents": "1958 TANFL season, 1958 TANFL Ladder, Grand Final\nSource: All scores and statistics courtesy of the Hobart Mercury and Saturday Evening Mercury (SEM) publications.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 49], "content_span": [50, 163]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076315-0000-0000", "contents": "1958 TCU Horned Frogs football team\nThe 1958 TCU Horned Frogs football team represented Texas Christian University (TCU) in the 1958 NCAA University Division football season. The Horned Frogs finished the season 8\u20132\u20131 overall and 5\u20131 in the Southwest Conference. The team was coached by Abe Martin in his sixth year as head coach. The Frogs played their home games in Amon G. Carter Stadium, which is located on campus in Fort Worth, Texas. They were invited to the Cotton Bowl Classic where they played Air Force, with the game ending in a 0\u20130 tie.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [35, 35], "content_span": [36, 549]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076316-0000-0000", "contents": "1958 Tampa Spartans football team\nThe 1958 Tampa Spartans football team represented the University of Tampa in the 1958 NCAA College Division football season. It was the Spartans' 22nd season. The team was led by head coach Marcelino Huerta, in his seventh year, and played their home games at Phillips Field in Tampa, Florida. They finished with a record of six wins and four losses (6\u20134).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [33, 33], "content_span": [34, 390]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076318-0000-0000", "contents": "1958 Tangerine Bowl (December)\nThe 1958 Tangerine Bowl (December) was an American college football bowl game played following the 1958 season, on December 27 at the Tangerine Bowl stadium in Orlando, Florida. The game pitted the Missouri Valley Vikings and the East Texas State Lions (now Texas A&M University\u2013Commerce). This was the first time the bowl was played before New Year's Day, as organizers wanted to \"attract television coverage in the future\". The December game date made this the second of two Tangerine Bowls played in calendar year 1958.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [30, 30], "content_span": [31, 553]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076318-0001-0000", "contents": "1958 Tangerine Bowl (December), Background\nThe University at Buffalo's first bowl bid was to this game. The Tangerine Bowl Commission hoped that the Orlando High School Athletic Association (OHSAA), which operated the stadium, would waive its rule that prohibited integrated sporting events. When it refused, the team unanimously voted to skip the bowl because its two black players (halfback Willie Evans and end Mike Wilson) would not have been allowed on the field.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 42], "content_span": [43, 468]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076318-0002-0000", "contents": "1958 Tangerine Bowl (December), Background\nMissouri Valley entered the game with an 8\u20130 record, and had previously played to a tie in the 1956 Tangerine Bowl. East Texas State entered the game with a 9\u20131 record, and had recorded two wins and a tie in three prior Tangerine Bowl appearances.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 42], "content_span": [43, 290]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076318-0003-0000", "contents": "1958 Tangerine Bowl (December), Game summary\nIn wet conditions, the teams played a scoreless first quarter. In the second quarter, East Texas scored first but missed the extra point, allowing Missouri Valley to take a 7\u20136 lead when they scored a touchdown and converted their extra point. East Texas scored another touchdown, but again missed the extra point, and had a 12\u20137 lead at halftime. After a scoreless third quarter, East Texas scored two touchdowns in the fourth quarter, successfully making one two-point conversion, to win by a final score of 26\u20137.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 44], "content_span": [45, 560]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076318-0004-0000", "contents": "1958 Tangerine Bowl (December), Aftermath\nEast Texas would not play again in the postseason until 1972, when they won the NAIA Football National Championship. They then joined NCAA Division II, and have subsequently made several playoff appearances there. Missouri Valley's next postseason appearance would be the Mineral Water Bowl in 1971. They have subsequently appeared several times in the NAIA's postseason playoffs. The University at Buffalo would not appear in a bowl game until the 2009 International Bowl.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 41], "content_span": [42, 515]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076319-0000-0000", "contents": "1958 Tangerine Bowl (January)\nThe January 1958 Tangerine Bowl was an American college football bowl game played following the 1957 season, on January 1, 1958, at the Tangerine Bowl stadium in Orlando, Florida. The game pitted the Mississippi Southern Southerners (today's Southern Miss) and the East Texas State Lions (now Texas A&M University\u2013Commerce). It was the first of two Tangerine Bowls played in calendar year 1958.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [29, 29], "content_span": [30, 424]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076319-0001-0000", "contents": "1958 Tangerine Bowl (January), Background\nThe Lions were champions of the Lone Star Conference after finishing 8\u20131, with only one conference loss in seven tries. This was their third conference title in four seasons along with their fourth Tangerine Bowl appearance in seven seasons. The Southerners, who were an NCAA College Division independent, finished 8\u20132, while being invited to their second straight Tangerine Bowl and fourth bowl game in five years.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 41], "content_span": [42, 457]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076319-0002-0000", "contents": "1958 Tangerine Bowl (January), Game summary\nGarry Berry scored a touchdown for the Lions on a three-yard touchdown plunge. The Southerners scored back on a touchdown plunge from quarterback George Sekul. A snap that went over the punter for the Lions sailed into the endzone, giving Mississippi Southern a 9\u20137 lead. With 7:47 to go in the game, Neal Hinson kicked a 31-yard field goal to put the go-ahead points on the board for the Lions, and they held on to win their second Tangerine Bowl in three appearances.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 43], "content_span": [44, 513]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076319-0003-0000", "contents": "1958 Tangerine Bowl (January), Aftermath\nMississippi Southern's next bowl was be the 1980 Independence Bowl, by which time they were known as the Southern Miss Golden Eagles.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 40], "content_span": [41, 174]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076320-0000-0000", "contents": "1958 Targa Florio\nThe 42\u00b0 Targa Florio took place on 11 May, on the Circuito Piccolo delle Madonie, (Sicily, Italy). It was the third round of the 1958 World Sportscar Championship, which was running to new regulations introduced at the beginning of the season. The most influential of these regulations changes would be the 3.0 litre engine size limit. The event returned to the championship for the first time since 1955, following the demise of the Mille Miglia and the ban on road racing on mainland Italy. But such outcry did not deter Vincenzo Florio from holding his event on the traditional 45 mile mountainous circuit.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [17, 17], "content_span": [18, 627]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076320-0001-0000", "contents": "1958 Targa Florio, Report, Entry\nA massive total of 65 racing cars were registered for this event, of which 53 arrived for practice. Only these, only 38 started the long distance race on the public roads of Sicily. This, the 42nd edition of the event, saw a change on the nature of the race. Two drivers would be permitted now and the limit set so no driver would drive more than seven laps out of the total race distance of 14. So, it ensured no single driver would be able to complete the whole race.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 32], "content_span": [33, 502]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076320-0002-0000", "contents": "1958 Targa Florio, Report, Entry\nThe first two events of the season, the 1000 km Buenos Aires and 12 Hours of Sebring ended with victory for Phil Hill and Peter Collins, for Scuderia Ferrari. As Hill and Collins also won the last race of the previous season, the Venezuelan Grand Prix they\u2019ve now won three races in a row for the Scuderia. With these new rules, and Maserati on the brink of financial crisis, Scuderia Ferrari would head the Italian challenge. Ferrari had four works 250 TRs in Sicily, Hill/Collins, Mike Hawthorn/Wolfgang von Trips, Luigi Musso/Olivier Gendebien and Gino Munaron/Wolfgang Seidel. Opposition would no longer come from Maserati, but from Porsche and Aston Martin.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 32], "content_span": [33, 695]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076320-0003-0000", "contents": "1958 Targa Florio, Report, Entry\nDavid Brown sent just one Aston Martin DBR1 over from England for Stirling Moss/Tony Brooks, while Porsche arrived with three different cars, a 356A Carrera, a 550 RS and a 718 RSK, for their squad of drivers led by Jean Behra and Giorgio Scarlatti. They were joined by a fleet of privateer drivers in their Alfa Romeos, Oscas and other mainline sportscars.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 32], "content_span": [33, 390]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076320-0004-0000", "contents": "1958 Targa Florio, Report, Qualifying\nPrior to the race, there was no formal practice held, but Sergio Der Stephanian was killed in a pre-race accident, following a collision with a sand-laden lorry. He died shortly after in hospital.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 37], "content_span": [38, 234]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076320-0005-0000", "contents": "1958 Targa Florio, Report, Race\nWith each lap 45 miles in length, the race covered a total of 14 laps, or 630 miles, the Targa Florio is unlike any other sports car race. Littered with switchback turns, blind corners and a straight nearly four miles longer than Circuit de la Sarthe\u2019s Mulsanne, the Targa was a fearsome thing to behold.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 31], "content_span": [32, 336]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076320-0006-0000", "contents": "1958 Targa Florio, Report, Race\nDay of the race would be sunny and warm, with the first of the cars leaving the small village of Cerda, one-by-one, at 40 seconds intervals. It was clear right at the start that something was amiss for most of the competitors, as more than a few would be off the pace, while other would be off the road, in verges trying to repair their cars and get back into the race. Jean Behra would spin his Porsche 718 RSK. Moss would damage a wheel when he went off the road. Meanwhile, von Trips damaged his Ferrari heavily and returned to the pits dragging bit of his car along the ground. It seemed that everyone was struggling over the mountain roads, except one, Musso.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 31], "content_span": [32, 696]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076320-0007-0000", "contents": "1958 Targa Florio, Report, Race\nMusso was setting an incredibly pace. He started last of the big works entrants, but at the end of the first lap, he would be first. Being in the lead, he set about performing an error-free drive. Moss would be on the hunt in his Aston, ever-impressive sliding around the corners, kicking up gravel everywhere and carrying on without any trouble whatsoever, following that earlier incident. He would break the lap record, lapping more than a minute faster than Musso. But the Italian had already done all of his head work. He led and held steady before handing the car over to Gendebien.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 31], "content_span": [32, 619]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076320-0008-0000", "contents": "1958 Targa Florio, Report, Race\nWith Gendebien now the car, Moss would take his Aston even faster, but it came at a price. After five laps, the gearbox gave up and Moss was out of the race, before Brooks had a chance to race. Despite the retirement of the sole Aston Martin, the circuit maintained the pressure on the factory efforts. Hill would end up in a ditch, losing valuable time trying to get out and back on his way. As for the Belgian, he was driving smartly, keeping the car on the road, and in the lead. He was just a few laps before returning the car back to Musso. This was the only Ferrari not under heavy pressure from Behra. The nimble little RSK was providing its self on the winding roads, and joining the battle for a spot in the top three.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 31], "content_span": [32, 759]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076320-0009-0000", "contents": "1958 Targa Florio, Report, Race\nMusso held a commanding lead, despite the advances of Behra. But Musso was not immune to trouble. Only three laps from the end, there was trouble. He appeared to be off the pace, lapping four minutes slower than previously. He was happy to make it back to the pits, as the brake fluid had leaked out of its reservoir. He had no brakes. It was reported that he completed the descent out of the mountains by staying in low gear. In any other race, this would have spelled the end, however, Musso and Gendebien had controlled the race right from the start. Such was their lead, the Ferrari mechanics repaired the car, Gendebien got back in the car for the remaining laps, still with a three-minute lead.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 31], "content_span": [32, 732]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076320-0010-0000", "contents": "1958 Targa Florio, Report, Race\nNow the leaders were out of trouble, their team-mates von Trips and Hawthorn were not. They were in second place, but with Behra back in the Porsche and absolutely flying. Following a pitshop, the margin between the Ferrari and Porsche would be practically nothing. There was no stopping Behra, and he continued to up his pace and Hawthorn could not response. Starting the 14th and last lap, Behra\u2019s pace had meant he was now ahead.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 31], "content_span": [32, 464]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076320-0011-0000", "contents": "1958 Targa Florio, Report, Race\nOut in front, Gendebien brought the 250 TR home, to record a brilliant victory. Though Moss had set a new lap record in his Aston, the race had been dominated from the very beginning by Musso. Car number 106, took an impressive victory, winning in a time 10hr 37:58.1, averaging a speed of 59.251\u00a0mph. Second place went to the Porsche of Behra and Giorgio Scarlatti, albeit over 5\u00bd minutes adrift. The podium was complete by second Scuderia Ferrari of von Trips and Hawthorn, who were 54 secs behind in third.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 31], "content_span": [32, 541]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076320-0012-0000", "contents": "1958 Targa Florio, Standings after the race\nChampionship points were awarded for the first six places in each race in the order of 8-6-4-3-2-1, excepting the RAC Tourist Trophy, for which points were awarded 4-3-2-1 for the first four places. Manufacturers were only awarded points for their highest finishing car with no points awarded for positions filled by additional cars. Only the best 4 results out of the 6 races could be retained by each manufacturer.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 43], "content_span": [44, 460]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076321-0000-0000", "contents": "1958 Ta\u00e7a de Portugal Final\nThe 1958 Ta\u00e7a de Portugal Final was the final match of the 1957\u201358 Ta\u00e7a de Portugal, the 18th season of the Ta\u00e7a de Portugal, the premier Portuguese football cup competition organized by the Portuguese Football Federation (FPF). The match was played on 15 June 1958 at the Est\u00e1dio Nacional in Oeiras, and opposed two Primeira Liga sides: Benfica and Porto. Porto defeated Benfica 1\u20130 to claim a second Ta\u00e7a de Portugal.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [27, 27], "content_span": [28, 447]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076322-0000-0000", "contents": "1958 Team Speedway Polish Championship\n1958 Team Speedway Polish Championship season was the tenth season and is used to determine the Team Polish Champion.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [38, 38], "content_span": [39, 156]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076323-0000-0000", "contents": "1958 Temple Owls football team\nThe 1958 Temple Owls football team was an American football team that represented Temple University as a member of the Middle Atlantic Conference (MAC) during the 1958 NCAA College Division football season. In its third season under head coach Peter P. Stevens, the team compiled a 0\u20138 record. The season was part of a 21-game losing streak that began on November 2, 1957, and ended on September 24, 1960. The team played its home games at Temple Stadium in Philadelphia.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [30, 30], "content_span": [31, 502]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076324-0000-0000", "contents": "1958 Tennessee Volunteers football team\nThe 1958 Tennessee Volunteers (variously Tennessee, UT, or the Vols) represented the University of Tennessee in the 1958 NCAA University Division football season. Playing as a member of the Southeastern Conference (SEC), the team was led by head coach Bowden Wyatt, in his fourth year, and played their home games at Shields\u2013Watkins Field in Knoxville, Tennessee. They finished the season with a record of four wins and six losses (4\u20136 overall, 4\u20133 in the SEC).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [39, 39], "content_span": [40, 501]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076325-0000-0000", "contents": "1958 Tennessee gubernatorial election\nThe 1958 Tennessee gubernatorial election was held on November 4, 1958. Democratic nominee Buford Ellington defeated Independent Jim Nance McCord with 57.54% of the vote.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [37, 37], "content_span": [38, 208]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076326-0000-0000", "contents": "1958 Texas A&M Aggies football team\nThe 1958 Texas A&M Aggies football team represented Texas A&M University in the 1958 NCAA University Division football season as a member of the Southwest Conference (SWC). The Aggies were led by head coach Jim Myers in his first season and finished with a record of four wins and six losses (4\u20136 overall, 2\u20134 in the SWC).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [35, 35], "content_span": [36, 358]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076327-0000-0000", "contents": "1958 Texas Longhorns football team\nThe 1958 Texas Longhorns football team represented the University of Texas at Austin during the 1958 NCAA University Division football season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [34, 34], "content_span": [35, 177]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076328-0000-0000", "contents": "1958 Texas Tech Red Raiders football team\nThe 1958 Texas Tech Red Raiders football team represented Texas Tech University as an independent during the 1958 NCAA University Division football season. In their eighth season under head coach DeWitt Weaver, the Red Raiders compiled a 3\u20137 record and were outscored by opponents by a combined total of 163 to 126. The team's statistical leaders included Jerry Bell with 435 passing yards, Ronnie Rice with 263 rushing yards, and Floyd Dellinger with 231 receiving yards. The team played its home games at Clifford B. and Audrey Jones Stadium.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 41], "section_span": [41, 41], "content_span": [42, 586]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076329-0000-0000", "contents": "1958 Texas Western Miners football team\nThe 1958 Texas Western Miners football team was an American football team that represented Texas Western College (now known as University of Texas at El Paso) as a member of the Border Conference during the 1958 NCAA University Division football season. In its second season under head coach Ben Collins, the team compiled a 2\u20137 record (1\u20134 against Border Conference opponents), finished in a tie for last place in the conference, and was outscored by a total of 179 to 92.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [39, 39], "content_span": [40, 513]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076330-0000-0000", "contents": "1958 Texas gubernatorial election\nThe 1958 Texas gubernatorial election was held on November 4, 1958, to elect the Governor of Texas. Incumbent Democratic Governor Price Daniel was reelected a second term, winning 88% of the vote to Republican Edwin Mayer's 12%.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [33, 33], "content_span": [34, 262]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076331-0000-0000", "contents": "1958 The Citadel Bulldogs football team\nThe 1958 The Citadel Bulldogs football team represented The Citadel, The Military College of South Carolina in the 1958 NCAA University Division football season. Eddie Teague served as head coach for the second season. The Bulldogs played as members of the Southern Conference and played home games at Johnson Hagood Stadium.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [39, 39], "content_span": [40, 365]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076332-0000-0000", "contents": "1958 Thomas Cup\nThe Thomas Cup competition is an international team tournament for supremacy in men's badminton (its female counterpart is the Uber Cup). Beginning in 1948-1949 it was held every three years until 1982 and has been held every two years thereafter. Nineteen teams contested for the Thomas Cup during the 1957-1958 season. As defending champion Malaya (now Malaysia) was exempt until the conclusive tie (team match) called the challenge round.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 15], "section_span": [15, 15], "content_span": [16, 457]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076332-0000-0001", "contents": "1958 Thomas Cup\nThe other eighteen teams were divided into four qualifying zones; Asia, Australasia, Europe, and Pan America; with the winners of each intra-zone competition advancing to inter-zone competition in Singapore to determine a challenger to Malaya. For a more detailed description of the Thomas Cup format see Wikipedia's  general article on the Thomas Cup.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 15], "section_span": [15, 15], "content_span": [16, 368]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076332-0001-0000", "contents": "1958 Thomas Cup, Intra-zone summary\nWinner of the previous two Asian zone competitions, India was decisively beaten 8\u20131 in the first round by a fast improving Thailand. Thailand went on to win the zone by shutting out Pakistan (9\u20130). In the Australasian zone, first time participant Indonesia served notice of international badminton's future by shutting out both New Zealand and Australia to advance to inter-zone play. Denmark again advanced easily through the European zone. The Danes now boasted newly crowned All-England singles champion Erland Kops along with Finn Kobbero, two exceptionally talented players, both in their early twenties. For the third straight time only United States and Canada contested in the Pan America zone. The all-Californian U.S. squad shut out a Canadian team whose best players in past meetings between the two were now either long in years or losing interest.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 15], "section_span": [17, 35], "content_span": [36, 896]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076332-0002-0000", "contents": "1958 Thomas Cup, Inter-zone playoffs, Teams\nThe results of the inter-zone ties in Singapore gave ample evidence of both the growing popularity of the sport in the Far East and the advantage these nations enjoyed competing against \"outsiders\" in a tropical climate. Showing strength and balance in singles and doubles, Thailand sent the USA home with a 7\u20132 defeat. A curiously revealing match in this tie was the victory of Thailand's Subhabhan and Sudthivanich over the strong U.S. veterans Alston and Rogers, 18-14 in the third game after dropping the first game at zero.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 15], "section_span": [17, 43], "content_span": [44, 572]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076332-0002-0001", "contents": "1958 Thomas Cup, Inter-zone playoffs, Teams\nMore stunning, and ominous for Malaya, was newcomer Indonesia's 6\u20133 victory over a highly rated Danish contingent. Erland Kops was beaten by both the internationally experienced Ferry Sonneville and by young sensation Tan Joe Hok. Even the powerful Danish doubles pairing of Finn Kobbero and Jorgen Hammergaard Hansen could earn only a split in two matches.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 15], "section_span": [17, 43], "content_span": [44, 401]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076332-0003-0000", "contents": "1958 Thomas Cup, Inter-zone playoffs, Teams\nIndonesia went on to comfortably defeat Thailand in the inter-zone final 8\u20131. In another bad sign for Malaya, Thailand 's top two singles players, Charoen Wattanasin and Thanoo Khajadbhye, respected internationals who had dropped only one singles match between them in the campaign prior to playing Indonesia, were each decisively beaten by both Sonneville and Tan Joe Hok. Thailand won one doubles, though all four of these matches went to three games.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 15], "section_span": [17, 43], "content_span": [44, 497]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076332-0004-0000", "contents": "1958 Thomas Cup, Challenge round\nThe challenge round played in the middle of June brought Malaya's nine year Thomas Cup reign to an end. With Wong Peng Soon retired, Eddie Choong's game showing recent vulnerability, and some controversy over the selection of team members still percolating, Malayan confidence might have been low from the start. The three-time defending champions were unable to win any of the singles matches against Indonesia and eventually lost the tie 3\u20136. Choong was twice beaten routinely in straight games and was booed off the court by his countrymen.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 15], "section_span": [17, 32], "content_span": [33, 576]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076332-0004-0001", "contents": "1958 Thomas Cup, Challenge round\nMalaya's other top singles player, Teh Kew San, nearly broke through against Sonneville but finally went down 16-18 in the third. At least one of Malaya's doubles wins appeared to be a gift after the outcome had been determined. Indonesia's Tan Joe Hok went through the entire Thomas Cup campaign undefeated in singles (Sonneville had dropped a match to Finn Kobbero). Tan would win the All-England singles title the following year and for a time would be regarded as the best player in the world. For a much longer time Indonesia would be the country to beat in international team badminton.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 15], "section_span": [17, 32], "content_span": [33, 625]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076333-0000-0000", "contents": "1958 Tipperary Senior Hurling Championship\nThe 1958 Tipperary Senior Hurling Championship was the 68th staging of the Tipperary Senior Hurling Championship since its establishment by the Tipperary County Board in 1887.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 42], "section_span": [42, 42], "content_span": [43, 218]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076333-0001-0000", "contents": "1958 Tipperary Senior Hurling Championship\nOn 21 September 1958, Thurles Sarsfields won the championship after a 4-11 to 3-03 defeat of Toomevara in the final at MacDonagh Park. It was their 21st championship title overall and their fourth title in succession.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 42], "section_span": [42, 42], "content_span": [43, 260]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076334-0000-0000", "contents": "1958 Titleholders Championship\nThe 1958 Titleholders Championship was contested from March 13\u201316 at Augusta Country Club. It was the 19th edition of the Titleholders Championship.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [30, 30], "content_span": [31, 179]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076335-0000-0000", "contents": "1958 Toledo Rockets football team\nThe 1958 Toledo Rockets football team was an American football team that represented Toledo University in the Mid-American Conference (MAC) during the 1958 NCAA University Division football season. In their second season under head coach Harry Larche, the Rockets compiled a 4\u20135 record (1\u20134 against MAC opponents), finished in sixth place in the MAC, and were outscored by their opponents by a combined total of 168 to 122.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [33, 33], "content_span": [34, 457]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076335-0001-0000", "contents": "1958 Toledo Rockets football team\nThe team's statistical leaders included Jerry Stoltz with 403 passing yards, Occie Burt with 618 rushing yards, and Jack Campbell with 214 receiving yards.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [33, 33], "content_span": [34, 189]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076336-0000-0000", "contents": "1958 Torneo God\u00f3\nThe 1958 Torneo God\u00f3 was the sixth edition of the Torneo God\u00f3 annual tennis tournament played on clay courts in Barcelona, Spain and it took place from May 12\u201318, 1958.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 16], "section_span": [16, 16], "content_span": [17, 185]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076337-0000-0000", "contents": "1958 Torneo di Viareggio\nThe 1958 winners of the Torneo di Viareggio (in English, the Viareggio Tournament, officially the Viareggio Cup World Football Tournament Coppa Carnevale), the annual youth football tournament held in Viareggio, Tuscany, are listed below.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [24, 24], "content_span": [25, 263]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076337-0001-0000", "contents": "1958 Torneo di Viareggio, Format\nThe 16 teams are organized in knockout rounds. The round of 16 are played in two-legs, while the rest of the rounds are single tie.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 32], "content_span": [33, 164]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076338-0000-0000", "contents": "1958 Toronto Argonauts season\nThe 1958 Toronto Argonauts finished in fourth place in the Interprovincial Rugby Football Union with a 4\u201310 record and failed to make the playoffs.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [29, 29], "content_span": [30, 177]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076339-0000-0000", "contents": "1958 Toronto municipal election\nMunicipal elections were held in Toronto, Ontario, Canada, on December 1, 1958. Four year incumbent mayor Nathan Phillips won reelection against Controller Ford Brand, who was supported by the Co-operative Commonwealth Federation and Toronto Labour Council, and Controller Joseph Cornish.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [31, 31], "content_span": [32, 320]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076339-0001-0000", "contents": "1958 Toronto municipal election, Toronto mayor\nOne of the central issues was the proposal to develop the south side of Queen Street across from the new Toronto City Hall.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 46], "content_span": [47, 170]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076339-0002-0000", "contents": "1958 Toronto municipal election, Plebiscite\nA vote was held on extending the municipal franchise to all people who are aged 21 and over who are British subjects and have lived in the city for at least one year. At the time of the plebiscite, the right to vote was restricted to property owners and people living in two or more rooms with an assessed value of $400 or more.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 43], "content_span": [44, 372]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076339-0002-0001", "contents": "1958 Toronto municipal election, Plebiscite\nA similar plebiscite had been held in 1956 and passed by a margin of 56,000 to 26,000 but when the city asked the provincial government to pass legislation enacting the change, the government instead passed legislation allowing each municipality in the province to hold a referendum and so Toronto was required to put the question on the ballot again.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 43], "content_span": [44, 395]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076339-0003-0000", "contents": "1958 Toronto municipal election, Board of Control\nThe two sitting controllers running for reelection to the Board of Control, Jean Newman and William Allen, easily won reelection. Newman topped the polls for the second time and after the election she immediately announced her intention to run for mayor in 1960. The decision of Brand and Cornish to run for mayor opened two vacancies on the board. These were won by conservative east end Alderman Donald Summerville and Co-operative Commonwealth Federation-backed Alderman William Dennison. Only narrowly losing was former Toronto mayor Leslie Saunders. Other notable candidates included former Controller Roy Belyea, Alderman Ross Parry, and anti-Blue Laws advocate James Karfilis.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 49], "content_span": [50, 733]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076339-0004-0000", "contents": "1958 Toronto municipal election, Board of Control\nThe most senior two Controllers in terms of votes also sat on Metro Toronto Council.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 49], "content_span": [50, 134]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076339-0005-0000", "contents": "1958 Toronto municipal election, City council\nTwo aldermen were elected per Ward. The alderman with the most votes was declared Senior Alderman and sat on both Toronto City Council and Metro Council.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 45], "content_span": [46, 199]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076339-0006-0000", "contents": "1958 Toronto municipal election, City council\nResults are taken from the December 2, 1958 Toronto Star and might not exactly match final tallies.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 45], "content_span": [46, 145]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076339-0007-0000", "contents": "1958 Toronto municipal election, Suburbs, North York\nSource: Toronto Daily Star (1900-1971); Toronto, Ontario [Toronto, Ontario]. 02 Dec 1958: 8.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 52], "content_span": [53, 145]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076340-0000-0000", "contents": "1958 Torrington by-election\nThe Torrington by-election of 1958, in Devon, England, was the first gain by the British Liberal Party at a by-election since Holland with Boston in 1929.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [27, 27], "content_span": [28, 182]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076340-0001-0000", "contents": "1958 Torrington by-election\nThe election was caused by the accession of George Lambert, National Liberal and Conservative Member of Parliament for Torrington to a hereditary peerage as Viscount Lambert. He had held the constituency since its creation in 1950, with large majorities over Labour Party candidates. The Liberal Party had only contested the seat in 1950, although they then came second, with 25% of the vote. Lambert's father, also George Lambert, had held the predecessor seat of South Molton for much of its history, initially as a Liberal, but then as a National Liberal.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [27, 27], "content_span": [28, 586]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076340-0002-0000", "contents": "1958 Torrington by-election\nAlthough generally popular, the Conservative administration of Harold Macmillan had been hit by differences over economic policy, and in January 1958, all the Government's Treasury Ministers had resigned.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [27, 27], "content_span": [28, 232]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076340-0003-0000", "contents": "1958 Torrington by-election\nThe Liberal Party had reached its lowest ebb in the 1951 general election, winning just 2.5% of the vote nationally, and gaining only six MPs. They had been reduced to five seats when they lost the 1957 Carmarthen by-election, but their fortunes had shown signs of a revival when they came a close second in North Dorset later in the year, and Rochdale early in 1958.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [27, 27], "content_span": [28, 395]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076340-0004-0000", "contents": "1958 Torrington by-election\nThe Conservatives selected Anthony Royle, President of the Western Area Young Conservatives, a London-based insurance broker who had unsuccessfully contested St Pancras North in the 1955 general election. The Liberals chose Mark Bonham Carter, a publisher and advisor (and brother-in-law) to Jo Grimond who had unsuccessfully stood in Barnstaple in the 1945 election. Labour stood L. Lamb, who had been their candidate in Torrington in 1955.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [27, 27], "content_span": [28, 469]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076340-0005-0000", "contents": "1958 Torrington by-election\nThe by-election was held on 27 March 1958. Following Granada Television's screening of the Rochdale by-election earlier in the year, BBC Television chose Torrington for their second election broadcast (after the 1955 general election). When the votes were counted, Bonham-Carter won a surprise victory, by just 219 votes - their first by-election victory since Middlesbrough West in 1945, and that achieved due to the war-time electoral pact. The Conservatives were beaten into second place, while Labour also lost votes and finished third.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [27, 27], "content_span": [28, 568]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076340-0006-0000", "contents": "1958 Torrington by-election\nFor the Liberals there was a somewhat ironic situation. The previous year they had lost a seat to Lloyd George's daughter. Now they had gained a seat with Asquith's grandson.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [27, 27], "content_span": [28, 202]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076340-0007-0000", "contents": "1958 Torrington by-election\nBonham-Carter lost the seat less than eighteen months later, in the 1959 general election, and failed to retake it when he stood again in 1964. In 1959, Royle chose to fight Richmond instead, winning a seat in the Commons. The Torrington by-election proved the first Liberal success in a long revival which continued with the 1962 Orpington by-election.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [27, 27], "content_span": [28, 381]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076341-0000-0000", "contents": "1958 Tour de France\nThe 1958 Tour de France was the 45th edition of the Tour de France, taking place from 26 June to 19 July. The total race distance was 24 stages over 4,319\u00a0km (2,684\u00a0mi).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [19, 19], "content_span": [20, 189]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076341-0001-0000", "contents": "1958 Tour de France\nThe yellow jersey for the leader in the general classification changed owner a record 11 times, and only at the penultimate stage in the time trial the decision was made, when Gaul created a margin of more than three minutes. In the final sprint, sprinter Andr\u00e9 Darrigade, who had already won five stages, collided with a stage official, who eleven days later died because of his injuries.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [19, 19], "content_span": [20, 409]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076341-0002-0000", "contents": "1958 Tour de France, Teams\nIn 1958, 120 cyclists entered, divided into 10 teams of 12 cyclists each. France, Italy, Belgium and Spain each sent a national team. The Netherlands and Luxembourg had a combined team, as had Switzerland and West Germany. There was also one \"Internationals\" team, consisting of cyclists from Austria, Portugal, Great Britain and Denmark. There were also three regional French teams: Centre-Midi, West/South-West and Paris/North-East.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [21, 26], "content_span": [27, 461]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076341-0003-0000", "contents": "1958 Tour de France, Pre-race favourites\nThe French team had had some problems with the selection, as Jacques Anquetil, the winner of the 1957 Tour de France, did not want to share leadership with Louison Bobet, winner in 1953, 1954 and 1955. Anquetil had been so superior in 1957, that he did not want Bobet and G\u00e9miniani both in his team. The French team selector then chose to include Bobet in the national team. Raphael G\u00e9miniani, who had been in the French national team since 1949, was demoted into the regional Centre-Midi team. G\u00e9miniani was not pleased, and sent the French team director Marcel Bidot a \"jack-ass\" named \"Marcel\" to express his displeasure.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [21, 40], "content_span": [41, 665]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076341-0004-0000", "contents": "1958 Tour de France, Pre-race favourites\nCharly Gaul, part of the Dutch/Luxembourgian team, anticipated so little help from his teammates that he announced that he would not share prizes. His teammates then refused to support him, so Gaul was on his own.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [21, 40], "content_span": [41, 254]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076341-0005-0000", "contents": "1958 Tour de France, Route and stages\nThe 1958 Tour de France started on 26 June. Whereas there had been two rest days in recent years, the 1958 Tour had no rest days at all. For the first time, the first mountain climbs were broadcast live on television. The highest point of elevation in the race was 2,360\u00a0m (7,740\u00a0ft) at the summit of the Col d'Izoard mountain pass on stage 20.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [21, 37], "content_span": [38, 382]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076341-0006-0000", "contents": "1958 Tour de France, Race overview\nThe first stage left in Brussels, to celebrate Brussel's World Fair. In the first stages, Luxembourgian climber Charly Gaul struggled, and lost considerable time in flat stages. During a break in the sixth stage, Anquetil and Bobet were left behind. G\u00e9miniani was in the leading group, and gained more than ten minutes on his rivals. After the sixth stage, Gerrit Voorting was in first place, followed by Fran\u00e7ois Mah\u00e9 from the French national team, and G\u00e9miniani. In the seventh stage, Arrigo Padovan won the sprint from Brian Robinson. The jury however relegated Padovan to second place for irregular sprinting, and Robinson became the first British winner of a stage.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [21, 34], "content_span": [35, 705]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076341-0007-0000", "contents": "1958 Tour de France, Race overview\nThe ninth stage again saw a large breakaway, this time including Darrigade. Darrigade won the sprint, and because the next group was more than 10 minutes behind, he became the new leader. G\u00e9miniani and the French national team were still on bad terms. When Gastone Nencini, a threat to both, had escaped and the national team members asked G\u00e9miniani to help them to get Nencini back, G\u00e9miniani refused.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [21, 34], "content_span": [35, 437]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076341-0008-0000", "contents": "1958 Tour de France, Race overview\nThe Pyr\u00e9n\u00e9es were visited in stage 13. Darrigade was not able to keep up with the leaders, and lost the lead. Bahamontes had tried to escape but failed, and later Gaul tried to escape, but he also failed. The favourites finished together, and G\u00e9miniani became the new leader; Vito Favero was only three seconds behind him. In the fourteenth stage, also in the Pyrenees, Bahamontes escaped again, and this time he managed to stay away and win. G\u00e9miniani finished in the next group, but because Favero won the sprint for the second place, he received 30 seconds bonification time, and became the new leader. In the fifteenth stage, Favero again finished second, and extended his lead again by 30 seconds.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [21, 34], "content_span": [35, 737]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076341-0009-0000", "contents": "1958 Tour de France, Race overview\nIn the eighteenth stage, a mountain time trial, Gaul won back time, and jumped from sixth place to third place in the general classification. G\u00e9miniani jumped back to the first place in that stage. In the nineteenth stage, over the Alps, Gaul had mechanical problems, and lost ten minutes. Second-placed rider Favero was now at a margin of more than three minutes. In the twentieth stage, again in the Alps, Bahamontes finished first. Gaul lost a few seconds to G\u00e9miniani in that stage, so after the twentieth stage, Gaul was more than sixteen minutes behind G\u00e9miniani. With only a few stages left, G\u00e9miniani appeared to be able to win the race.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [21, 34], "content_span": [35, 680]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076341-0010-0000", "contents": "1958 Tour de France, Race overview\nIn stage 21, the weather conditions were bad. Before the stage started, Gaul told Bobet that he would attack on the first climb of the day, which he did. Bahamontes followed him, but let himself drop back because the weather was too bad and the finish was still far away. Gaul continued on his own, and his margin with the next cyclist kept growing. G\u00e9miniani now asked the French national team to help him, but they could not help and did not want to help.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [21, 34], "content_span": [35, 492]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076341-0010-0001", "contents": "1958 Tour de France, Race overview\nG\u00e9miniani forgot to take food in the food zone, and was hungry in the last part of the stage. In the end, Gaul won the stage almost 8 minutes ahead of the next rider. Favero came in third, more than ten minutes later, and G\u00e9miniani seventh more than 14 minutes behind. Favero was again first in the general classification, with G\u00e9miniani only 39 seconds behind in second place and Gaul 67 seconds behind in third place. After that stage, G\u00e9miniani accused the French team of treason, because he said it was due to their attacks that he lost the lead. Because of the extraordinary circumstances, the time limits were not enforced that stage. Second-placed rider Favero was now at a margin of more than three minutes.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [21, 34], "content_span": [35, 750]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076341-0011-0000", "contents": "1958 Tour de France, Race overview\nStage 22 was flat, and the favourites stayed together. This meant that the time trial in stage 23 would be decisive. In that time trial, Gaul was the first of these three to start. Gaul set the winning time, and G\u00e9miniani and Favero lost more than three minutes, so Gaul took the lead in the general classification. Anquetil, who felt sick and was behind in the general classification, did not start that stage.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [21, 34], "content_span": [35, 446]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076341-0012-0000", "contents": "1958 Tour de France, Race overview\nThe last stage traditionally saw no problems for the leader, and Gaul became the first Luxembourgian cyclist since 1928 to win the Tour. In the final sprint in the last stage in the Parc des Princes, Andr\u00e9 Darrigade was in first position when he collided with Constant Wouters, the 70-year-old secr\u00e9taire-g\u00e9n\u00e9ral of the stadium, who was attempting to prevent photographers encroaching on the track. Darrigade needed five stitches, but Wouters injuries were more serious, and he died eleven days later.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [21, 34], "content_span": [35, 536]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076341-0013-0000", "contents": "1958 Tour de France, Classification leadership and minor prizes\nThe time that each cyclist required to finish each stage was recorded, and these times were added together for the general classification. If a cyclist had received a time bonus, it was subtracted from this total; all time penalties were added to this total. The cyclist with the least accumulated time was the race leader, identified by the yellow jersey. The yellow jersey changed hands eleven times, the most ever. Gaul had an average speed of 36.919\u00a0km/h, which was a new record. Of the 120 cyclists that started the 1958 Tour de France, 78 finished the race.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [21, 63], "content_span": [64, 627]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076341-0014-0000", "contents": "1958 Tour de France, Classification leadership and minor prizes\nThe points classification was calculated by adding the stage ranks of each cyclist.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [21, 63], "content_span": [64, 147]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076341-0015-0000", "contents": "1958 Tour de France, Classification leadership and minor prizes\nThe mountains classification was calculated by adding the points given to cyclists for reaching the highest point in a climb first.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [21, 63], "content_span": [64, 195]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076341-0016-0000", "contents": "1958 Tour de France, Classification leadership and minor prizes\nThe team classification was calculated as the sum of the daily team classifications, and the daily team classification was calculated by adding the times in the stage result of the best three cyclists per team. It was won by the Belgian team, with a large margin over the Italian team.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [21, 63], "content_span": [64, 349]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076341-0017-0000", "contents": "1958 Tour de France, Classification leadership and minor prizes\nIn addition, there was a combativity award given after each mass-start stage to the cyclist considered most combative. The decision was made by a jury composed of journalists who gave points. The cyclist with the most points from votes in all stages led the combativity classification. Federico Bahamontes won this classification, and was given overall the super-combativity award. The Souvenir Henri Desgrange was given in honour of Tour founder Henri Desgrange to the first rider to pass the summit of the Col du Lautaret on stage 21. This prize was won by Piet van Est.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [21, 63], "content_span": [64, 636]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076342-0000-0000", "contents": "1958 Tour de Romandie\nThe 1958 Tour de Romandie was the 12th edition of the Tour de Romandie cycle race and was held from 8 May to 11 May 1958. The race started and finished in Porrentruy. The race was won by Gilbert Bauvin.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [21, 21], "content_span": [22, 224]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076343-0000-0000", "contents": "1958 Tour de Suisse\nThe 1958 Tour de Suisse was the 22nd edition of the Tour de Suisse cycle race and was held from 11 June to 18 June 1958. The race started and finished in Z\u00fcrich. The race was won by Pasquale Fornara.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [19, 19], "content_span": [20, 219]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076344-0000-0000", "contents": "1958 Tour of Flanders\nThe 42nd running of the Tour of Flanders cycling classic was held on Sunday, 30 March 1958. Belgian rider Germain Derijcke won the race in the sprint of a nine-man group in Wetteren. 61 of 153 riders finished.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [21, 21], "content_span": [22, 231]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076344-0001-0000", "contents": "1958 Tour of Flanders, Route\nThe race started in Ghent and finished in Wetteren \u2013 covering 230 km. The course featured four categorized climbs:", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [23, 28], "content_span": [29, 143]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076345-0000-0000", "contents": "1958 Tulane Green Wave football team\nThe 1958 Tulane Green Wave football team was an American football team that represented Tulane University during the 1958 NCAA University Division football season as a member of the Southeastern Conference. In their fifth year under head coach Andy Pilney, the team compiled a 3\u20137 record.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [36, 36], "content_span": [37, 325]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076346-0000-0000", "contents": "1958 Tulsa Golden Hurricane football team\nThe 1958 Tulsa Golden Hurricane football team represented the University of Tulsa during the 1958 NCAA University Division football season. In their fourth year under head coach Bobby Dodds, the Golden Hurricane compiled a 7\u20133 record (2\u20132 against Missouri Valley Conference opponents), and finished in third place in the conference. The team's statistical leaders included Jerry Keeling with 698 passing yards, Ronnie Morris with 623 rushing yards, and Billy Neal with 200 receiving yards.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 41], "section_span": [41, 41], "content_span": [42, 531]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076347-0000-0000", "contents": "1958 Tybee Island mid-air collision\nThe Tybee Island mid-air collision was an incident on February 5, 1958, in which the United States Air Force lost a 7,600-pound (3,400\u00a0kg) Mark 15 nuclear bomb in the waters off Tybee Island near Savannah, Georgia, United States. During a practice exercise, an F-86 fighter plane collided with the B-47 bomber carrying the bomb. To protect the aircrew from a possible detonation in the event of a crash, the bomb was jettisoned. Following several unsuccessful searches, the bomb was presumed lost somewhere in Wassaw Sound off the shores of Tybee Island.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [35, 35], "content_span": [36, 590]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076347-0001-0000", "contents": "1958 Tybee Island mid-air collision, Midair collision\nThe B-47 bomber was on a simulated combat mission from Homestead Air Force Base in Florida. It was carrying a single 7,600-pound (3,400\u00a0kg) bomb. At about 2:00\u00a0a.m., an F-86 fighter collided with the B-47. The F-86 crashed after the pilot ejected from the plane. The damaged B-47 remained airborne, plummeting 18,000 feet (5,500\u00a0m) from 38,000 feet (12,000\u00a0m) when the pilot, Colonel Howard Richardson, regained flight control.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 53], "content_span": [54, 481]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076347-0002-0000", "contents": "1958 Tybee Island mid-air collision, Midair collision\nThe crew requested permission to jettison the bomb, in order to reduce weight and prevent the bomb from exploding during an emergency landing. Permission was granted, and the bomb was jettisoned at 7,200 feet (2,200\u00a0m) while the bomber was traveling at about 200 knots (370\u00a0km/h). The crew did not see an explosion when the bomb struck the sea. They managed to land the B-47 safely at the nearest base, Hunter Air Force Base. Colonel Richardson was awarded the Distinguished Flying Cross after this incident.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 53], "content_span": [54, 562]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076347-0003-0000", "contents": "1958 Tybee Island mid-air collision, The bomb\nSome sources describe the bomb as a functional nuclear weapon, but others describe it as disabled. If it had a plutonium nuclear core installed, it was a fully functional weapon. If it had a dummy core installed, it was incapable of producing a nuclear explosion but could still produce a conventional explosion. The 12-foot (4 m) long Mark 15 bomb weighs 7,600 pounds (3,400\u00a0kg) and bears the serial number 47782. It contains 400 pounds (180\u00a0kg) of conventional high explosives and highly enriched uranium.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 45], "content_span": [46, 553]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076347-0003-0001", "contents": "1958 Tybee Island mid-air collision, The bomb\nThe Air Force maintains that its nuclear capsule, used to initiate the nuclear reaction, was removed before its flight aboard the B-47. As noted in the Atomic Energy Commission \"Form AL-569 Temporary Custodian Receipt (for maneuvers)\", signed by the aircraft commander, the bomb contained a simulated 150-pound cap made of lead. However, according to 1966 Congressional testimony by Assistant Secretary of Defense W.J. Howard, the Tybee Island bomb was a \"complete weapon, a bomb with a nuclear capsule\" and one of two weapons lost that contained a plutonium trigger.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 45], "content_span": [46, 613]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076347-0003-0002", "contents": "1958 Tybee Island mid-air collision, The bomb\nNevertheless, a study of the Strategic Air Command documents indicates that Alert Force test flights in February 1958 with the older Mark 15 payloads were not authorized to fly with nuclear capsules on board. Such approval was pending deployment of safer \"sealed-pit nuclear capsule\" weapons, which did not begin deployment until June 1958.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 45], "content_span": [46, 386]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076347-0004-0000", "contents": "1958 Tybee Island mid-air collision, Recovery efforts\nStarting on February 6, 1958, the Air Force 2700th Explosive Ordnance Disposal Squadron and 100 Navy personnel equipped with hand-held sonar and galvanic drag and cable sweeps mounted a search. On April 16, the military announced the search had been unsuccessful. Based on a hydrologic survey, the bomb was thought by the Department of Energy to lie buried under 5 to 15 feet (1.5 to 4.6\u00a0m) of silt at the bottom of Wassaw Sound.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 53], "content_span": [54, 483]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076347-0005-0000", "contents": "1958 Tybee Island mid-air collision, Recovery efforts\nIn 2004, retired Air Force Lt. Colonel Derek Duke claimed to have narrowed the possible resting spot of the bomb down to a small area approximately the size of a football field. He and his partner located the area by trawling in their boat with a Geiger counter in tow. Secondary radioactive particles four times naturally occurring levels were detected and mapped, and the site of radiation origination triangulated. Subsequent investigations found the source of the radiation was natural, originating from monazite deposits.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 53], "content_span": [54, 580]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076347-0006-0000", "contents": "1958 Tybee Island mid-air collision, Ongoing concerns\nAs of 2007, no undue levels of unnatural radioactive contamination have been detected in the regional Upper Floridan aquifer by the Georgia Department of Natural Resources (over and above the already high levels thought to be due to monazite, a locally occurring mineral that is naturally radioactive).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 53], "content_span": [54, 356]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076347-0007-0000", "contents": "1958 Tybee Island mid-air collision, In popular culture\nIn February 2015, a satirical news web site ran an article stating that the bomb was found by vacationing Canadian divers and that the bomb had since been removed from the bay. The fake story spread widely via social media.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 55], "content_span": [56, 279]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076348-0000-0000", "contents": "1958 U.S. National Championships (tennis)\nThe 1958 U.S. National Championships (now known as the US Open) was a tennis tournament that took place on the outdoor grass courts at the West Side Tennis Club, Forest Hills in New York City, United States. The tournament ran from 29 August until 7 September. It was the 78th staging of the U.S. National Championships, and the fourth Grand Slam tennis event of the year.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 41], "section_span": [41, 41], "content_span": [42, 414]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076348-0001-0000", "contents": "1958 U.S. National Championships (tennis), Finals, Men's Singles\nAshley Cooper defeated  Malcolm Anderson  6\u20132, 3\u20136, 4\u20136, 10\u20138, 8\u20136", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 41], "section_span": [43, 64], "content_span": [65, 131]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076348-0002-0000", "contents": "1958 U.S. National Championships (tennis), Finals, Men's doubles\nAlex Olmedo (USA) /  Ham Richardson (USA) defeated  Sam Giammalva (USA) /  Barry MacKay (USA) 3\u20136, 6\u20133, 6\u20134, 6\u20134", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 41], "section_span": [43, 64], "content_span": [65, 177]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076348-0003-0000", "contents": "1958 U.S. National Championships (tennis), Finals, Women's doubles\nJeanne Arth (USA) /  Darlene Hard (USA) defeated  Althea Gibson (USA) /  Maria Bueno (BRA) 2\u20136, 6\u20133, 6\u20134", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 41], "section_span": [43, 66], "content_span": [67, 171]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076348-0004-0000", "contents": "1958 U.S. National Championships (tennis), Finals, Mixed doubles\nMargaret Osborne (USA) /   Neale Fraser (AUS) defeated  Maria Bueno (BRA) /  Alex Olmedo (USA) 6\u20134, 3\u20136, 9\u20137", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 41], "section_span": [43, 64], "content_span": [65, 173]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076349-0000-0000", "contents": "1958 U.S. National Championships \u2013 Men's Singles\nAshley Cooper defeated Mal Anderson 6\u20132, 3\u20136, 4\u20136, 10\u20138, 8\u20136 in the final to win the Men's Singles tennis title at the 1958 U.S. National Championships.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 48], "section_span": [48, 48], "content_span": [49, 201]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076349-0001-0000", "contents": "1958 U.S. National Championships \u2013 Men's Singles, Seeds\nThe seeded players are listed below. Ashley Cooper is the champion; others show the round in which they were eliminated.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 48], "section_span": [50, 55], "content_span": [56, 176]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076350-0000-0000", "contents": "1958 U.S. National Championships \u2013 Women's Singles\nFirst-seeded Althea Gibson defeated Darlene Hard 3\u20136, 6\u20131, 6\u20132 in the final to win the Women's Singles tennis title at the 1958 U.S. National Championships.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 50], "section_span": [50, 50], "content_span": [51, 207]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076350-0001-0000", "contents": "1958 U.S. National Championships \u2013 Women's Singles, Seeds\nThe seeded players are listed below. Althea Gibson is the champion; others show in brackets the round in which they were eliminated.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 50], "section_span": [52, 57], "content_span": [58, 190]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076351-0000-0000", "contents": "1958 U.S. Open (golf)\nThe 1958 U.S. Open was the 58th U.S. Open, held June 12\u201314 at Southern Hills Country Club in Tulsa, Oklahoma. Amid oppressive heat and high winds that created difficult scoring conditions, native Oklahoman Tommy Bolt won his only major championship, four strokes ahead of Gary Player. It was Player's debut in the U.S. Open at age 22.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [21, 21], "content_span": [22, 356]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076351-0001-0000", "contents": "1958 U.S. Open (golf)\nBolt owned the 36-hole lead at 142 (+2), a stroke ahead of Player. After a third round 69 on Saturday morning, Bolt was at 211 (+1) and three strokes ahead of Gene Littler, who carded a 67 for 214 (+4). Littler fell back in the final round in the afternoon, shooting a 76 to finish in fourth place. Bolt ran away from the field with a final round 72 for 283 (+3), four ahead of Player. Bolt was the only player not to record a round of 75 or over during the championship.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [21, 21], "content_span": [22, 493]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076351-0002-0000", "contents": "1958 U.S. Open (golf)\nBen Hogan, in search of his fifth U.S. Open title, was hampered by an injured left wrist and finished eleven strokes back in a tie for tenth. Eighteen-year-old Jack Nicklaus, in his second U.S. Open, made his first cut and finished in 41st place. Sam Snead missed the cut for the first time in 18 Open appearances. Two-time champion Gene Sarazen missed the cut in his final appearance, while three-time Masters champion Jimmy Demaret also played his final Open, withdrawing after the third round.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [21, 21], "content_span": [22, 518]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076351-0003-0000", "contents": "1958 U.S. Open (golf)\nIt was the first of seven major championships at Southern Hills. The U.S. Open returned in 1977 and 2001 and the PGA Championship has been played at the course four times: 1970, 1982, 1994, and 2007.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [21, 21], "content_span": [22, 221]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076352-0000-0000", "contents": "1958 U.S. Women's Open\nThe 1958 U.S. Women's Open was the 13th U.S. Women's Open, held June 26\u201328 at Forest Lake Country Club in Bloomfield Hills, Michigan, a suburb northwest of Detroit. It was the sixth edition conducted by the United States Golf Association (USGA).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [22, 22], "content_span": [23, 268]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076352-0001-0000", "contents": "1958 U.S. Women's Open\nMickey Wright, age 23, won the first of her four U.S. Women's Open titles, five strokes ahead of runner-up Louise Suggs, a two-time champion. It was the second of 13 major championships for Wright, who led wire-to-wire and entered the final round with a seven stroke lead.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [22, 22], "content_span": [23, 295]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076352-0002-0000", "contents": "1958 U.S. Women's Open\nThis was the second major held at Forest Lake, which hosted the LPGA Championship two years earlier in 1956.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [22, 22], "content_span": [23, 131]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076353-0000-0000", "contents": "1958 UC Riverside Highlanders football team\nThe 1958 UC Riverside Highlanders football team represented UC Riverside during the 1958 NCAA College Division football season. The Highlanders competed as an independent in 1958.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 43], "section_span": [43, 43], "content_span": [44, 223]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076353-0001-0000", "contents": "1958 UC Riverside Highlanders football team\nUC Riverside was led by third-year head coach Carl Selin. They played home games at UCR Athletic Field in Riverside, California. The Highlanders finished the season with a record of two wins, three losses and two ties (2\u20133\u20132). Overall, the team was outscored by its opponents 92\u2013112 for the season. This was the last season for the Highlanders with Coach Selin at the helm. He finished his three years at UC Riverside with a record of 4\u201313\u20133, a .275 winning percentage.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 43], "section_span": [43, 43], "content_span": [44, 513]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076353-0002-0000", "contents": "1958 UC Riverside Highlanders football team, Team players in the NFL\nNo UC Riverside players were selected in the 1959 NFL Draft.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 43], "section_span": [45, 68], "content_span": [69, 129]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076354-0000-0000", "contents": "1958 UC Santa Barbara Gauchos football team\nThe 1958 UC Santa Barbara Gauchos football team represented University of California, Santa Barbara (UCSB) during the 1958 NCAA College Division football season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 43], "section_span": [43, 43], "content_span": [44, 205]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076354-0001-0000", "contents": "1958 UC Santa Barbara Gauchos football team\nUCSB competed in the California Collegiate Athletic Association (CCAA). The team was led by third-year head coach Ed Cody, and played home games at La Playa Stadium in Santa Barbara, California. They finished the season with a record of four wins, four losses and one tie (4\u20134\u20131, 3\u20132 CCAA).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 43], "section_span": [43, 43], "content_span": [44, 334]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076354-0002-0000", "contents": "1958 UC Santa Barbara Gauchos football team, Team players in the NFL\nNo UC Santa Barbara Gaucho players were selected in the 1959 NFL Draft.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 43], "section_span": [45, 68], "content_span": [69, 140]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076355-0000-0000", "contents": "1958 UCI Road World Championships\nThe 1958 UCI Road World Championships took place in Reims, France.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [33, 33], "content_span": [34, 100]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076356-0000-0000", "contents": "1958 UCI Road World Championships \u2013 Men's road race\nThe men's road race at the 1958 UCI Road World Championships was the 25th edition of the event. The race took place on Sunday 31 August 1958 in Reims, France. The race was won by Ercole Baldini of Italy.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 51], "section_span": [51, 51], "content_span": [52, 255]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076357-0000-0000", "contents": "1958 UCI Track Cycling World Championships\nThe 1958 UCI Track Cycling World Championships were the World Championship for track cycling. They took place in Paris, France from 8 to 13 September 1958. Eight events were contested, 6 for men (3 for professionals, 3 for amateurs) and 2 for women.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 42], "section_span": [42, 42], "content_span": [43, 292]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076358-0000-0000", "contents": "1958 UCLA Bruins football team\nThe 1958 UCLA Bruins football team was an American football team that represented the University of California, Los Angeles during the 1958 NCAA University Division football season. In their first year under head coaches George W. Dickerson (three games) and then Bill Barnes (seven games), the Bruins compiled a 3\u20136\u20131 record (2\u20134\u20131 conference) and finished in sixth place in the Pacific Coast Conference.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [30, 30], "content_span": [31, 436]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076358-0001-0000", "contents": "1958 UCLA Bruins football team\nUCLA's offensive leaders in 1958 were quarterback Don Long with 395 passing yards each, Ray Smith with 307 rushing yards, and John Brown with 259 receiving yards.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [30, 30], "content_span": [31, 193]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076359-0000-0000", "contents": "1958 UEFA European Under-18 Championship\nThe UEFA European Under-18 Championship 1958 Final Tournament was held primarily in Luxembourg, but matches were also played in West Germany, Belgium and France.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [40, 40], "content_span": [41, 202]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076360-0000-0000", "contents": "1958 UK & Ireland Greyhound Racing Year\nThe 1958 UK & Ireland Greyhound Racing Year was the 32nd year of greyhound racing in the United Kingdom and Ireland.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [39, 39], "content_span": [40, 156]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076360-0001-0000", "contents": "1958 UK & Ireland Greyhound Racing Year, Summary\nThe National Greyhound Racing Society (the management branch of the National Greyhound Racing Club agreed a deal with the BBC to provide an annual greyhound event which would be shown live on Sportsview. The race would be known as the Sportsview BBC Television Trophy with the venues to be changed each year. The first competition was at Wimbledon over 500 yards but it was soon discovered that the distance was too short for the viewers to remain interested, which resulted in a switch to longer distances the following year. The inaugural event was claimed by trainer Leslie Reynolds with a 20-1 shot called Town Prince.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 48], "content_span": [49, 671]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076360-0002-0000", "contents": "1958 UK & Ireland Greyhound Racing Year, Summary\nPigalle Wonder was voted Greyhound of the Year, after a year that included winning the 1958 English Greyhound Derby at White City, Cesarewitch at West Ham Stadium and Pall Mall Stakes at Harringay Stadium.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 48], "content_span": [49, 254]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076360-0003-0000", "contents": "1958 UK & Ireland Greyhound Racing Year, Competitions\nPigalle Wonder's victory in the Pall Mall included a time of 29.03 seconds for 525 yards, which was not beaten for years. Another time he set at Wembley (28.78sec) stood for almost twenty years until the distance was changed to metres. In the TV Trophy he gained all of the attention despite finishing fourth to Town Prince when expected to win, at odds of 1-4f. He had previously won his heat at Powderhall Stadium in a new track record time of 27.97.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 53], "content_span": [54, 506]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076360-0004-0000", "contents": "1958 UK & Ireland Greyhound Racing Year, Competitions\nThere was a major gamble on Our Defence in the Welsh Greyhound Derby final, that had been moved to October due to the Commonwealth Games using the venue in the summer. Because of very wet weather the newly laid track surface became a quagmire with straw being laid on top. Despite this the gamble was landed by the owner trainer, Dr Dennis O'Brien.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 53], "content_span": [54, 402]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076360-0005-0000", "contents": "1958 UK & Ireland Greyhound Racing Year, Tracks\nThe Franklin family took sole control of Yarmouth Stadium following the death of Clifford Yaxley and the Arms Park in Cardiff was taken over for the Commonwealth Games and afterwards the circuit was re-laid before the Welsh Derby took place.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 47], "content_span": [48, 289]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076360-0006-0000", "contents": "1958 UK & Ireland Greyhound Racing Year, News\nHarringay Arena was converted into a food storage facility following the sale of the venue the previous year by the Greyhound Racing Association (GRA). The greyhound companies continued to complain at the 10% tax imposed on betting. Wimbledon trainer Paddy Fortune died and his kennels were taken over by George Waterman. Another change came when Sidney Orton retired and his son Clare Orton (a trainer at Clapton) took up his position at Wimbledon. Clare had been a trainer in his own right for nearly ten years.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 45], "content_span": [46, 559]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076360-0007-0000", "contents": "1958 UK & Ireland Greyhound Racing Year, News\nThe GRA senior vet James Bateman was awarded the Victory Medal by the Royal College of Veterinary Surgeons. He had been successful in fitting a plastic scaphoid bone in a greyhound.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 45], "content_span": [46, 227]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076360-0008-0000", "contents": "1958 UK & Ireland Greyhound Racing Year, News\nCon Stevens applied to the NGRC for a rule change concerning disqualifications. He believes that ungenuine greyhounds in addition to fighters should be disqualified by Racing Managers.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 45], "content_span": [46, 230]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076360-0009-0000", "contents": "1958 UK & Ireland Greyhound Racing Year, Ireland\nThe Irish Greyhound Board (Bord na gCon) in Limerick was given the responsibility of all tracks in Ireland by the D\u00e1il \u00c9ireann, with the exception of the Ulster tracks that would remain under the jurisdiction of the Irish Coursing Club. The Bord na gCon was established under the Greyhound Industry Act of 1958 with a number of aims. The body was formed to regulate the industry, operate a tote betting system, licence and authorise each stadium, its officials, and its on-course bookmakers, and promote the sport through advertising and prize grants. The new Board includes Dr P.J. Maguire and Captain John Ross.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 48], "content_span": [49, 662]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076360-0010-0000", "contents": "1958 UK & Ireland Greyhound Racing Year, Ireland\nHarold's Cross re-introduced sales trials and called in British auctioneers Aldridges. Mrs Olive Tasker took the 1958 Irish Greyhound Derby winner Colonel Perry back to England and the greyhound went on to win the Midland Flat with John Bassett.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 48], "content_span": [49, 294]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076361-0000-0000", "contents": "1958 UMass Redmen football team\nThe 1958 UMass Redmen football team represented the University of Massachusetts Amherst in the 1958 NCAA College Division football season as a member of the Yankee Conference. The team was coached by Charlie O'Rourke and played its home games at Alumni Field in Amherst, Massachusetts. UMass finished the season with a record of 2\u20136 overall and 1\u20133 in conference play.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [31, 31], "content_span": [32, 400]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076362-0000-0000", "contents": "1958 USAC Championship Car season\nThe 1958 USAC Championship Car season consisted of 13 races, beginning in Trenton, New Jersey on March 30 and concluding in Phoenix, Arizona on November 11. There were also five non-championship events. The USAC National Champion was Tony Bettenhausen and the Indianapolis 500 winner was Jimmy Bryan. There were three fatalities during the season. Pat O'Connor lost his life in a first lap accident during the Indy 500. Art Bisch died of injuries suffered during the race at Lakewood Speedway. Jimmy Reece was killed in a late-race incident at the Trenton 100.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [33, 33], "content_span": [34, 594]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076363-0000-0000", "contents": "1958 USAC Road Racing Championship\nThe 1958 USAC Road Racing Championship season was the inaugural season of the USAC Road Racing Championship. The series was contested for sports cars at three rounds (Lime Rock, Marlboro, and Riverside), and Formula Libre at one round (Watkins Glen). It began September 7, 1958, and ended October 12, 1958, after four races. Dan Gurney won the season championship.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [34, 34], "content_span": [35, 399]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076364-0000-0000", "contents": "1958 USA\u2013USSR Track and Field Dual Meet\nThe 1958 USA\u2013USSR Track and Field Dual Meet was an international track and field competition between the Soviet Union and the United States. The first in a series of meetings between the nations, it was held in 27 and 28 July in Moscow and finished with Soviet Union beating the United States 172:170. The meet marked an unusual head-to-head for the nations during the Cold War.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [39, 39], "content_span": [40, 418]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076365-0000-0000", "contents": "1958 USC Trojans baseball team\nThe 1958 USC Trojans baseball team represented the University of Southern California in the 1958 NCAA University Division baseball season. The team was coached by Rod Dedeaux in his 17th season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [30, 30], "content_span": [31, 225]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076365-0001-0000", "contents": "1958 USC Trojans baseball team\nThe Trojans won the College World Series, defeating the Missouri Tigers in the championship game.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [30, 30], "content_span": [31, 128]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076366-0000-0000", "contents": "1958 USC Trojans football team\nThe 1958 USC Trojans football team represented the University of Southern California (USC) in the 1958 NCAA University Division football season. In their second year under head coach Don Clark, the Trojans compiled a 4\u20135\u20131 record (4\u20132\u20131 against conference opponents), finished in third place in the Pacific Coast Conference, and outscored their opponents by a combined total of 151 to 120.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [30, 30], "content_span": [31, 420]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076366-0001-0000", "contents": "1958 USC Trojans football team\nTom Maudlin led the team in passing with 41 of 95 passes completed for 535 yards, four touchdowns and 15 interceptions. Don Buford led the team in rushing with 64 carries for 306 yards. Hillard Hill was the leading receiver with 11 catches for 319 yards and five touchdowns.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [30, 30], "content_span": [31, 305]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076366-0002-0000", "contents": "1958 USC Trojans football team\nFour Trojans were recognized by either the Associated Press (AP) or the conference coaches on the 1958 All-Pacific Coast Conference football team: end Marlin McKeever (AP-1; Coaches-1); tackle Dan Ficca (AP-1; Coaches-2); guard Frank Florentino (Coaches-1 [ tie]); and halfback Don Buford (Coaches-2).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [30, 30], "content_span": [31, 332]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076367-0000-0000", "contents": "1958 USSR Chess Championship\nThe 1958 Soviet Chess Championship was the 25th edition of USSR Chess Championship. Held from 12 January to 14 February 1958 in Riga. The tournament was won by Mikhail Tal. The final were preceded by quarterfinals events at Tbilisi  (won by Mark Taimanov, 16\u00bd points in 19 games), Minsk (Aivar Gipslis, 14\u00bd/19) and Ashkhabad (A. Miroshnichenko, 13\u00bd/19); semifinals at Leningrad (Boris Spassky, 12\u00bd/19), Sverdlovsk (Viktor Korchnoi, 13\u00bd/19) and Kiev (Tigran Petrosian, 12\u00bd/19).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [28, 28], "content_span": [29, 505]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076367-0001-0000", "contents": "1958 USSR Chess Championship, Table and results, Final\nThe semifinals qualifiers joined Tal and Bronstein (who entered the final directly by ranking criteria of the Soviet Federation) to play the final in Riga.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 54], "content_span": [55, 210]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076368-0000-0000", "contents": "1958 US\u2013UK Mutual Defence Agreement\nThe 1958 US\u2013UK Mutual Defense Agreement, or UK\u2013US Mutual Defence Agreement, is a bilateral treaty between the United States and the United Kingdom on nuclear weapons co-operation. The treaty's full name is Agreement between the Government of the United States of America and the Government of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland for Cooperation on the uses of Atomic Energy for Mutual Defense Purposes. It allows the US and the UK to exchange nuclear materials, technology and information.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [35, 35], "content_span": [36, 546]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076368-0000-0001", "contents": "1958 US\u2013UK Mutual Defence Agreement\nThe US has nuclear co-operation agreements with other countries, including France and other NATO countries, but this agreement is by far the most comprehensive. Because of the agreement's strategic value to Britain, Harold Macmillan (the Prime Minister who presided over the United Kingdom's entry into the agreement) called it \"the Great Prize\".", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [35, 35], "content_span": [36, 382]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076368-0001-0000", "contents": "1958 US\u2013UK Mutual Defence Agreement\nThe treaty was signed on 3 July 1958 after the Soviet Union had shocked the American public with the launch of Sputnik on 4 October 1957, and the British hydrogen bomb programme had successfully tested a thermonuclear device in the Operation Grapple test on 8 November. The special relationship proved mutually beneficial, both militarily and economically. Britain soon became dependent on the United States for its nuclear weapons since it agreed to limit their nuclear program with the agreement of shared technology. The treaty allowed American nuclear weapons to be supplied to Britain through Project E for use by the Royal Air Force and British Army of the Rhine all the way up until the early 90s when the UK became fully independent in designing and manufacturing its own warheads.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [35, 35], "content_span": [36, 825]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076368-0002-0000", "contents": "1958 US\u2013UK Mutual Defence Agreement\nThe treaty provided for the sale to the UK of one complete nuclear submarine propulsion plant, as well as ten years' supply of enriched uranium to fuel it. Other nuclear material was also acquired from the US under the treaty. Some 5.4 tonnes of UK-produced plutonium was sent to the US in return for 6.7 kilograms (15\u00a0lb) of tritium and 7.5 tonnes of highly enriched uranium (HEU) between 1960 and 1979, but much of the HEU was used not for weapons but as fuel for the growing fleet of British nuclear submarines. The treaty paved the way for the Polaris Sales Agreement, and the Royal Navy ultimately acquired entire weapons systems, with the UK Polaris programme and Trident nuclear programme using American missiles with British nuclear warheads.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [35, 35], "content_span": [36, 786]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076368-0003-0000", "contents": "1958 US\u2013UK Mutual Defence Agreement\nThe treaty has been amended and renewed nine times. The most recent renewal extended it to 31 December 2024.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [35, 35], "content_span": [36, 144]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076368-0004-0000", "contents": "1958 US\u2013UK Mutual Defence Agreement, Background, Quebec Agreement\nDuring the early part of the Second World War, Britain had a nuclear weapons project, codenamed Tube Alloys. At the Quadrant Conference in August 1943, the Prime Minister of the United Kingdom, Winston Churchill, and the President of the United States, Franklin Roosevelt, signed the Quebec Agreement, which merged Tube Alloys with the American Manhattan Project to create a combined British, American and Canadian project. The Quebec Agreement established the Combined Policy Committee and the Combined Development Trust to co-ordinate their efforts. Many of Britain's top scientists participated in the Manhattan Project.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 65], "content_span": [66, 689]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076368-0005-0000", "contents": "1958 US\u2013UK Mutual Defence Agreement, Background, Quebec Agreement\nThe September 1944 Hyde Park Aide-M\u00e9moire extended both commercial and military co-operation into the post-war period, but Roosevelt died on 12 April 1945, and it was not binding on subsequent administrations. In fact, it was physically lost. When Field Marshal Sir Henry Maitland Wilson raised the matter in a Combined Policy Committee meeting in June 1945, the American copy could not be found. The Quebec Agreement specified that nuclear weapons would not be used against another country without mutual consent. On 4 July, Wilson gave the British agreement for the use of nuclear weapons against Japan. On 8 August, the Prime Minister, Clement Attlee, sent a message to President Harry Truman that referred to themselves as \"heads of the Governments which have control of this great force\".", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 65], "content_span": [66, 859]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076368-0006-0000", "contents": "1958 US\u2013UK Mutual Defence Agreement, Background, Truman administration\nThe British government had trusted that the US would continue to share nuclear technology, which it considered to be a joint discovery. On 9 November 1945, Attlee and the Prime Minister of Canada, Mackenzie King, went to Washington, DC, to confer with Truman about future co-operation in nuclear weapons and nuclear power. A Memorandum of Intention was signed on 16 November 1945 that made Canada a full partner and replaced the Quebec Agreement's requirement for \"mutual consent\" before using nuclear weapons to one for \"prior consultation\". There was to be \"full and effective co-operation in the field of atomic energy\", but British hopes were soon disappointed since it was only \"in the field of basic scientific research\".", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 70], "content_span": [71, 798]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076368-0007-0000", "contents": "1958 US\u2013UK Mutual Defence Agreement, Background, Truman administration\nTechnical co-operation was ended by the United States Atomic Energy Act of 1946 (McMahon Act), which forbade passing \"restricted data\" to American allies under pain of death. That partly resulted from the arrest for espionage of the British physicist Alan Nunn May in February 1946 while the legislation was being debated. Fearing a resurgence of American isolationism and Britain losing its great power status, the British government restarted its own development effort, now codenamed High Explosive Research.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 70], "content_span": [71, 582]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076368-0008-0000", "contents": "1958 US\u2013UK Mutual Defence Agreement, Background, Truman administration\nBy the end of 1947, 1,900 long tons (1,900\u00a0t) of uranium ore from the Belgian Congo was stockpiled for the Combined Development Trust at Springfields, near Preston in Lancashire, as part of a wartime sharing agreement, along with 1,350 long tons (1,370\u00a0t) for British use. To gain access to the stockpile for their own nuclear weapons project, the Americans opened negotiations that resulted in the Modus Vivendi, an agreement that was signed on 7 January 1948 and officially terminated all previous agreements, including the Quebec Agreement. It removed the British right of consultation on the use of nuclear weapons; allowed for limited sharing of technical information between the United States, Britain and Canada and continued the Combined Policy Committee and the Combined Development Trust although the latter was renamed the Combined Development Agency.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 70], "content_span": [71, 933]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076368-0009-0000", "contents": "1958 US\u2013UK Mutual Defence Agreement, Background, Truman administration\nIn 1949, the Americans offered to make atomic bombs in the US available for Britain to use if the British agreed to curtail their atomic bomb programme. That would have given Britain nuclear weapons much sooner than its own target date of late 1952. Only the bomb components required by war plans would be stored in the UK, the rest would be kept in the US and Canada. The offer was rejected by the British on the grounds that it was not \"compatible with our status as a first-class power to depend on others for weapons of this supreme importance\".", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 70], "content_span": [71, 620]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076368-0010-0000", "contents": "1958 US\u2013UK Mutual Defence Agreement, Background, Truman administration\nAs a counter-offer, the British proposed limiting the British programme in return for American bombs. The opposition of key American officials, including Lewis Strauss from the United States Atomic Energy Commission (AEC), and Senators Bourke B. Hickenlooper and Arthur Vandenberg of the Joint Committee on Atomic Energy (JCAE), coupled with security concerns aroused by the 2 February 1950 arrest of the British physicist Klaus Fuchs as an atomic spy, caused the proposal to be dropped. The June 1951 defection of Donald Maclean, who had served as a British member of the Combined Policy Committee from January 1947 to August 1948, reinforced the Americans' distrust of British security arrangements.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 70], "content_span": [71, 772]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076368-0011-0000", "contents": "1958 US\u2013UK Mutual Defence Agreement, Background, Eisenhower administration\nThe first British atomic bomb was successfully tested in Western Australia in Operation Hurricane on 3 October 1952,but although it was more advanced than the American bombs of 1946, Britain was still several years behind in nuclear weapons technology. On 1 November, the United States conducted Ivy Mike, the first nuclear test of a true thermonuclear device (also known as a hydrogen bomb). The JCAE saw little benefit for the US from sharing technology with Britain. The Soviet Union responded to Ivy Mike with the test of Joe 4, a boosted fission weapon on 12 August 1953. That prompted President Dwight Eisenhower, who was inaugurated in January 1953, to inform the US Congress that the McMahon Act, which he considered a \"terrible piece of legislation\" and \"one of the most deplorable incidents in American history of which he personally felt ashamed\", was obsolete.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 74], "content_span": [75, 947]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076368-0012-0000", "contents": "1958 US\u2013UK Mutual Defence Agreement, Background, Eisenhower administration\nAt the three-power Bermuda Conference in December 1953, Eisenhower and Churchill, who had become prime minister again on 25 October 1951, discussed the possibility of the United States giving Britain access to American nuclear weapons in wartime, which came to be called Project E. There were technical and legal issues that had to be overcome before American bombs could be carried in British aircraft. The Americans would have to disclose their weights and dimensions, and their delivery would require data concerning their ballistics. Further down the track would also be issues of custody, security and targeting. The release of such information was restricted by the McMahon Act.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 74], "content_span": [75, 759]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076368-0013-0000", "contents": "1958 US\u2013UK Mutual Defence Agreement, Background, Eisenhower administration\nIt was amended on 30 August 1954 by the Atomic Energy Act of 1954, which allowed for greater exchange of information with foreign nations and paved the way for the Agreement for Co-operation Regarding Atomic Information for Mutual Defence Purposes, which was signed on 15 June 1955. On 13 June 1956, another agreement was concluded for the transfer of nuclear submarine propulsion technology to Britain, which saved the British government millions of pounds in research and development costs. It precipitated a row with the JCAE over whether that was permitted under the Atomic Energy Act of 1954 and whether Britain met the security standards set by the 1955 agreement. With the 1956 presidential election approaching, Eisenhower was forced to rescind the offer.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 74], "content_span": [75, 838]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076368-0014-0000", "contents": "1958 US\u2013UK Mutual Defence Agreement, Background, Eisenhower administration\nThe October 1956 Suez Crisis brought relations between Britain and the United States to a low ebb. Eisenhower met with the new British prime minister, Harold Macmillan, in Bermuda in March 1957 and raised the possibility of basing US intermediate range ballistic missile (IRBM) systems in the UK. This came to be called Project Emily. There were also discussions on exchanging nuclear submarine propulsion technology for information on the British Calder Hall nuclear power plant, allowing the United Kingdom Atomic Energy Authority (UKAEA) to purchase uranium ore from Canada and co-ordinating the war plans of RAF Bomber Command with those of the Strategic Air Command.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 74], "content_span": [75, 746]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076368-0015-0000", "contents": "1958 US\u2013UK Mutual Defence Agreement, Background, Eisenhower administration\nAlthough the IRBM negotiations pre-dated the Suez Crisis, the British government touted the IRBM deal as a demonstration that the rift had been healed. The British hydrogen bomb programme attempted to detonate a thermonuclear device in the Operation Grapple test series at Christmas Island in the Pacific. The test series was facilitated by the UA, which also claimed the island. Although the first tests were unsuccessful, the Grapple X test on 8 November achieved the desired result.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 74], "content_span": [75, 560]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076368-0016-0000", "contents": "1958 US\u2013UK Mutual Defence Agreement, Negotiations, Sputnik crisis\nThe successful development of British thermonuclear weapons came at an opportune moment to renew negotiations with the Americans. The Soviet Union's launch of Sputnik 1, the world's first artificial satellite, on 4 October 1957, came as a tremendous shock to the American public, which had trusted that American technological superiority ensured their invulnerability. Suddenly, there was now incontrovertible proof that in at least some areas, the Soviet Union was actually ahead. In the widespread calls for action in response to the Sputnik crisis, officials in the United States and Britain seized an opportunity to mend their relationship. At the suggestion of Harold Caccia, the British Ambassador to the United States, Macmillan wrote to Eisenhower on 10 October to urge for both countries pool their resources, as Macmillan put it, to meet the Soviet challenge on every front, \"military, economic and political\".", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 65], "content_span": [66, 986]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076368-0017-0000", "contents": "1958 US\u2013UK Mutual Defence Agreement, Negotiations, Sputnik crisis\nMacmillan flew to Washington, DC, for talks on 25 October. He had concerns that the disastrous 10 October Windscale fire might prove a stumbling block in negotiations, as it might reflect badly on British expertise and provide ammunition for opponents of closer co-operation with the British. He ordered extra copies of the report into the fire to be destroyed and for the printers to destroy their type. He immediately sensed how shaken the Americans had been by Sputnik, which placed the Eisenhower administration under great public pressure to act on the deployment of IRBMs by a shocked and distraught nation.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 65], "content_span": [66, 679]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076368-0018-0000", "contents": "1958 US\u2013UK Mutual Defence Agreement, Negotiations, Sputnik crisis\nEisenhower and Macmillan agreed to form a study group headed by Sir Richard Powell, the Permanent Secretary to the Ministry of Defence, and Donald A. Quarles, the United States Deputy Secretary of Defense, to consider how the deployment of IRBMs to Britain might be expedited. Another study group, under Strauss and Sir Edwin Plowden, the head of the UKAEA, would investigate nuclear co-operation and the exchange of nuclear information. The personal relationship developed between Plowden and Strauss would be crucial in converting the latter over to the idea of providing information to Britain.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 65], "content_span": [66, 663]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076368-0019-0000", "contents": "1958 US\u2013UK Mutual Defence Agreement, Negotiations, Sputnik crisis\nBy December, most of the issues with the IRBM negotiations had been ironed out, and a formal agreement was drawn up on 17 December, but it was not until the end of the month that it was definitely determined that Britain would receive Thor, not Jupiter, missiles.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 65], "content_span": [66, 329]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076368-0020-0000", "contents": "1958 US\u2013UK Mutual Defence Agreement, Negotiations, Sputnik crisis\nHowever, the nuclear submarine propulsion effort was running into trouble. Under the July 1956 agreement and a February 1957 directive from Eisenhower, Royal Navy officers had been assigned to study the US Navy's nuclear submarine programme. By October 1957, its head, Rear Admiral Hyman G. Rickover, felt that their questions were slowing the deployment of the Polaris submarine-launched IRBM at a critical time. He feared that any delay might cause Congress to favour land-based missiles. By December, the British liaison officers were complaining of slow response to their questions. Rickover proposed that Westinghouse be permitted to sell the Royal Navy a nuclear submarine reactor, which would allow it to immediately proceed with building its own nuclear-powered submarine. The British government endorsed this idea, as it would save it a great deal of money.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 65], "content_span": [66, 932]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076368-0021-0000", "contents": "1958 US\u2013UK Mutual Defence Agreement, Negotiations, Amendment of McMahon Act\nFor their part, the British wanted the McMahon Act's restrictions on nuclear co-operation to be relaxed. They wanted to know the weight, dimensions, fusing and firing sequences, safety features, and in-flight procedures. That information would allow American bombs to be carried in British V-bombers and American warheads to be fitted to British Blue Streak missiles. That could save millions of pounds and avoid domestic political complications if Britain had to persist with nuclear testing during an international moratorium. While the British knew what they wanted, there was no consensus among the Americans as to what they wanted to provide.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 75], "content_span": [76, 723]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076368-0021-0001", "contents": "1958 US\u2013UK Mutual Defence Agreement, Negotiations, Amendment of McMahon Act\nUS Secretary of State John Foster Dulles was concerned that a special relationship with Britain might complicate US relationships with its other allies. Strauss, in particular, felt that a proposal to give hydrogen bomb secrets to the British would likely not get past the JCAE, and counselled drafting amendments that were sufficiently vague as to give the president the authority that he needed without arousing its ire. Eisenhower declared that the US and the UK were \"interdependent\" and pledged to ask Congress to amend the McMahon Act.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 75], "content_span": [76, 617]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076368-0022-0000", "contents": "1958 US\u2013UK Mutual Defence Agreement, Negotiations, Amendment of McMahon Act\nCrucially, he managed to secure the support of Carl T. Durham, the chairman of the JCAE. Eisenhower met with congressional leaders on 3 December 1957 and pressed for more discretion to co-operate with all America's NATO allies, not just Britain. Indeed, the administration negotiated agreements with Australia, Canada and NATO. Eisenhower did not yet have wholehearted support for the proposal, but outright opposition from US Senator Clinton Anderson failed to attract much support.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 75], "content_span": [76, 559]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076368-0022-0001", "contents": "1958 US\u2013UK Mutual Defence Agreement, Negotiations, Amendment of McMahon Act\nOn 27 January 1958, Strauss sent Durham the administration's proposed legislative changes, and the JCAE Subcommittee on Agreements for Cooperation, chaired by Senator John Pastore, held hearings from 29 to 31 January. Quarles and Major General Herbert Loper, the Assistant to the Secretary of Defense for Atomic Energy Affairs, were forced to deal with pointed questions about nuclear proliferation.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 75], "content_span": [76, 475]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076368-0022-0002", "contents": "1958 US\u2013UK Mutual Defence Agreement, Negotiations, Amendment of McMahon Act\nBritish information security, or the lack thereof no longer seemed so important now that the Soviet Union was apparently ahead and the UK had independently developed the hydrogen bomb, but the JCAE objected to the terms of the proposed deal to trade British uranium-235 for US plutonium under which the US would pay USD$30 per gram for plutonium that cost $12 per gram to produce in the UK.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 75], "content_span": [76, 466]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076368-0023-0000", "contents": "1958 US\u2013UK Mutual Defence Agreement, Negotiations, Amendment of McMahon Act\nThe amendments were passed by the US House of Representatives on 19 June but not without changes that now limited exchanges of nuclear weapons data to nations that had made substantial progress in the field. The same restriction applied to the actual transfer of non-nuclear components of nuclear weapons. American nuclear weapons were to remain under US custody and could not be turned over to allies except in wartime. The sale of nuclear reactors for submarines and nuclear fuel for them and other military reactors was permitted. Only the UK qualified as a nation that had made substantial progress. The bill passed Congress on 30 June 1958 and was signed into law by Eisenhower on 2 July 1958.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 75], "content_span": [76, 774]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076368-0024-0000", "contents": "1958 US\u2013UK Mutual Defence Agreement, Negotiations, Amendment of McMahon Act\nThe 1958 US\u2013UK Mutual Defence Agreement was signed by Dulles and Samuel Hood, the British Minister in Washington, DC, on 3 July and was approved by Congress on 30 July.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 75], "content_span": [76, 244]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076368-0025-0000", "contents": "1958 US\u2013UK Mutual Defence Agreement, Implementation, Details\nThe agreement enables the US and the UK to exchange classified information with the objective of improving each party's \"atomic weapon design, development, and fabrication capability\". While the US has nuclear co-operation agreements with other countries, including France and some NATO countries, none of them is similar in scope to the US-UK Mutual Defence Agreement. Macmillan called it \"the Great Prize\".", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 60], "content_span": [61, 469]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076368-0026-0000", "contents": "1958 US\u2013UK Mutual Defence Agreement, Implementation, Details\nArticle 2 of the treaty covered joint development of defence plans; the mutual training of personnel in the use and defence against nuclear weapons; the sharing of intelligence and evaluation of enemy capabilities; the development of nuclear delivery systems and the research, development and design of military reactors. The treaty called for the exchange of \"classified information concerning atomic weapons when, after consultation with the other Party, the communicating Party determines that the communication of such information is necessary to improve the recipient's atomic weapon design, development and fabrication capability\".", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 60], "content_span": [61, 698]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076368-0026-0001", "contents": "1958 US\u2013UK Mutual Defence Agreement, Implementation, Details\nThe US would communicate information about atomic weapons that were similar to UK atomic weapons. For the immediate future, that would exclude information about thermonuclear weapons. Confidential intelligence matters are also covered by the agreement. The UK government has not published those sections \"because of the necessity for great confidentiality and because of the use that such information would be to other would-be nuclear states. In other words, it might well assist proliferation\".", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 60], "content_span": [61, 557]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076368-0027-0000", "contents": "1958 US\u2013UK Mutual Defence Agreement, Implementation, Details\nArticle 3 provided for the sale to the UK of one complete nuclear submarine propulsion plant, as well as the uranium needed to fuel it for ten years. Because of concerns expressed by the JCAE, the AEC would determine the price that Britain would pay for highly enriched uranium (HEU). The treaty did not originally allow for non-nuclear components of nuclear weapons to be given to Britain. It was amended on 7 May 1959 to give Britain access to non-nuclear components and to permit the transfer of special nuclear material such as plutonium, HEU and tritium. The treaty paved the way for the subsequent Polaris Sales Agreement, which was signed on 6 April 1963. The two agreements have been \"the cornerstone of the UK-US nuclear relationship for nearly 60 years\".", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 60], "content_span": [61, 825]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076368-0028-0000", "contents": "1958 US\u2013UK Mutual Defence Agreement, Implementation, Nuclear weapons development\nThe AEC invited the British government to send representatives to a series of meetings in Washington, DC, on 27 and 28 August 1958 to work out the details. The US delegation included Willard Libby, AEC deputy chairman; Loper; Brigadier General Alfred Starbird, AEC Director of Military Applications; Norris Bradbury, director of the Los Alamos National Laboratory; Edward Teller, director of the Lawrence Livermore Laboratory; and James W. McRae, president of the Sandia Corporation.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 80], "content_span": [81, 564]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076368-0028-0001", "contents": "1958 US\u2013UK Mutual Defence Agreement, Implementation, Nuclear weapons development\nThe British representatives were Sir Frederick Brundrett, the Chief Scientific Adviser to the Ministry of Defence, and Victor Macklen from the Ministry of Defence; and William Penney, William Cook and E. F. Newly from the Atomic Weapons Research Establishment at Aldermaston. The Americans disclosed the details of nine of their nuclear weapon designs: the Mark 7, Mark 15/39, Mark 19, Mark 25, Mark 27, Mark 28, Mark 31, Mark 33 and Mark 34.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 80], "content_span": [81, 523]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076368-0028-0002", "contents": "1958 US\u2013UK Mutual Defence Agreement, Implementation, Nuclear weapons development\nIn return, the British provided the details of seven of theirs, including Green Grass; Pennant, the boosted device which had been detonated in the Grapple Z test on 22 August; Flagpole, the two-stage device scheduled for 2 September; Burgee, scheduled for 23 September; and the three-stage Halliard 3. The Americans were impressed with the British designs, particularly with Halliard 1, the heavier version of Halliard 3. Cook, therefore, changed the Grapple Z programme to fire Halliard 1 instead of Halliard 3. Macmillan noted in his diary with satisfaction:", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 80], "content_span": [81, 641]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076368-0029-0000", "contents": "1958 US\u2013UK Mutual Defence Agreement, Implementation, Nuclear weapons development\nin some respects we are as far, and even further, advanced in the art than our American friends. They thought interchange of information would be all give. They are keen that we should complete our series, especially the last megaton, the character of which is novel and of deep interest to them.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 80], "content_span": [81, 377]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076368-0030-0000", "contents": "1958 US\u2013UK Mutual Defence Agreement, Implementation, Nuclear weapons development\nAn early benefit of the agreement was to allow the UK to \"Anglicise\" the W28 nuclear warhead as the Red Snow warhead for the Blue Steel missile. The British designers were impressed by the W28, which was not only lighter than the British Green Grass warhead used in Yellow Sun but also remarkably more economical in its use of expensive fissile material. The Yellow Sun Mark 2 using Red Snow cost \u00a3500,000 compared with \u00a31,200,000 for the Mark 1 with Green Grass.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 80], "content_span": [81, 544]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076368-0030-0001", "contents": "1958 US\u2013UK Mutual Defence Agreement, Implementation, Nuclear weapons development\nA 1974 CIA proliferation assessment noted: \"In many cases [Britain's sensitive technology in nuclear and missile fields] is based on technology received from the US and could not legitimately be passed on without US permission\". The UK National Audit Office noted that most of the UK Trident programme warhead development and production expenditure had been incurred in the US, which supplied special materials and \"certain warhead-related components and services\". There is evidence that the warhead design of the British Trident system is similar to or even based upon the US W76 warhead fitted in US Navy Trident missiles, with design and blast model data supplied to the UK.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 80], "content_span": [81, 759]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076368-0031-0000", "contents": "1958 US\u2013UK Mutual Defence Agreement, Implementation, Nuclear weapons development\nBritain soon became dependent on the United States for its nuclear weapons, as it lacked the resources to produce a range of designs. The treaty allowed the UK to receive US nuclear weapons for the Royal Air Force (RAF) and British Army of the Rhine (BAOR) under Project E. Similar custody arrangements were made for the Thor missiles supplied under Project Emily. The UK was able to carry out underground nuclear tests at the US Nevada Test Site, where the first British test took place on 1 March 1962. British nuclear testing in the United States continued until it was abruptly halted by President George H. W. Bush in October 1992. Major subcritical nuclear tests continued to occur, most notably the Etna test in February 2002 and the Krakatau test in February 2006.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 80], "content_span": [81, 853]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076368-0032-0000", "contents": "1958 US\u2013UK Mutual Defence Agreement, Implementation, Special nuclear materials barter\nUnder the agreement 5.37 tonnes of UK-produced plutonium was sent to the US in exchange for 6.7\u00a0kg of tritium and 7.5 tonnes of HEU between 1960 and 1979. A further 470\u00a0kg of plutonium was swapped between the US and the UK for reasons that remain classified. Some of the UK-produced plutonium was used in 1962 by the US for the only known nuclear weapon test of reactor-grade plutonium. The plutonium sent to the US included some produced in UK civil Magnox reactors, and the US gave assurances that the civil plutonium was not used in the US nuclear weapons programme. It was used in civil programmes which included californium production and reactor research.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 85], "content_span": [86, 747]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076368-0033-0000", "contents": "1958 US\u2013UK Mutual Defence Agreement, Implementation, Special nuclear materials barter\nSome of the fissile materials for the UK Trident warhead were purchased from the US, but much of the HEU supplied by the US was used not for weapons but as fuel for the growing fleet of UK nuclear submarines. Under the treaty, the US supplied the UK with not only nuclear submarine propulsion technology but also a complete S5W pressurised water reactor of the kind used to power the US  Skipjack-class submarines. That was used in the Royal Navy's first nuclear-powered submarine, HMS\u00a0Dreadnought, which was launched in 1960 and commissioned in 1963.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 85], "content_span": [86, 637]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076368-0033-0001", "contents": "1958 US\u2013UK Mutual Defence Agreement, Implementation, Special nuclear materials barter\nThe S5W was fuelled by uranium enriched to between 93 and 97 per cent uranium-235. In return for a \"considerable amount\" of information regarding submarine design and quietening techniques being passed on to the United States, reactor technology was transferred from Westinghouse to Rolls Royce, which used it as the basis for its PWR1 reactor used in the UK's  Valiant,  Resolution,  Churchill,  Swiftsure and  Trafalgar submarines.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 85], "content_span": [86, 519]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076368-0034-0000", "contents": "1958 US\u2013UK Mutual Defence Agreement, Implementation, Special nuclear materials barter\nThe UK produced HEU at its facility in Capenhurst, but production for military purposes ceased there in March 1963. Thereafter, uranium oxide was imported from Australia, Canada, Namibia, South Africa, the United States and Zaire and processed into uranium hexafluoride at Springfields. It was then shipped to the US, where it was enriched at the Portsmouth Gaseous Diffusion Plant near Piketon, Ohio. HEU was then flown back to the UK in RAF aircraft.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 85], "content_span": [86, 538]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076368-0034-0001", "contents": "1958 US\u2013UK Mutual Defence Agreement, Implementation, Special nuclear materials barter\nIn 1994, with the Portsmouth plant about to close, the treaty was amended with the US requirement to \"provide\" uranium enrichment services changed to one to \"arrange\" them. By March 2002, the UK had a stockpile of 21.86 tonnes of HEU, about 80 years' supply for the Royal Navy's nuclear-powered submarines.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 85], "content_span": [86, 392]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076368-0035-0000", "contents": "1958 US\u2013UK Mutual Defence Agreement, Implementation, Joint Working Groups\nMost of the activity under the treaty is information exchange through Joint Working Groups (JOWOG). At least 15 of them were established in 1959. Subjects investigated included", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 73], "content_span": [74, 250]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076368-0036-0000", "contents": "1958 US\u2013UK Mutual Defence Agreement, Implementation, Joint Working Groups\none-point safety, computer codes, metallurgy and fabrication technology for beryllium, uranium and plutonium, corrosion of uranium in the presence of water and water vapour, underground effects tests, outer-space testing, clandestine testing, the technology of lithium compounds, high explosives, deuterium monitors, extinguishing plutonium fires, high-speed cameras, mechanical safing, liquid and solid explosive shock initiation, environmental sensing switches, neutron sources, tritium reservoirs, telemetry, hydrodynamic and shock relations for problems with spherical and cylindrical symmetry, nuclear cross sections, radiochemistry, atomic demolition munitions, warhead hardening, asymmetric detonations, terrorist nuclear threat response, nuclear weapons accidents and waste management.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 73], "content_span": [74, 867]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076368-0037-0000", "contents": "1958 US\u2013UK Mutual Defence Agreement, Implementation, Joint Working Groups\nBetween 2007 and 2009, staff of the Atomic Weapons Establishment paid 2,000 visits to US nuclear facilities. As of 2014 there are also two enhanced collaborations jointly developing capabilities:", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 73], "content_span": [74, 269]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076368-0038-0000", "contents": "1958 US\u2013UK Mutual Defence Agreement, Implementation, Mutual benefit\nThe Anglo-American special relationship proved mutually beneficial although it has never been one of equals after the World Wars since the US has been far larger than Britain both militarily and economically. Lorna Arnold noted:", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 67], "content_span": [68, 296]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076368-0039-0000", "contents": "1958 US\u2013UK Mutual Defence Agreement, Implementation, Mutual benefit\nThe balance of advantage in the exchanges was necessarily in Britain's favour but they were not entirely one-sided. In some areas, notably electronics and high explosives, the British were equal or perhaps even superior, and in many areas they had valuable ideas to contribute, as the American scientists, and notably Teller, appreciated.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 67], "content_span": [68, 406]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076368-0040-0000", "contents": "1958 US\u2013UK Mutual Defence Agreement, Implementation, Mutual benefit\nA 1985 report by the US State Department's Bureau of Intelligence and Research reported that the US was \"profoundly involved and benefited greatly\" from the treaty.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 67], "content_span": [68, 232]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076368-0041-0000", "contents": "1958 US\u2013UK Mutual Defence Agreement, Renewal\nThe treaty was amended on 7 May 1959, 27 September 1968, 16 October 1969, 22 June 1974, 5 December 1979, 5 June 1984, 23 May 1994 and 14 June 2004. Most amendments merely extended the treaty for another five or ten years; others added definitions and made minor changes. As of 2020, the most recent renewal was on 22 July 2014, extending the treaty to 31 December 2024, with minor changes for the Trident nuclear programme.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 44], "content_span": [45, 468]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076368-0042-0000", "contents": "1958 US\u2013UK Mutual Defence Agreement, Renewal\nA 2004 legal opinion obtained by the British American Security Information Council (BASIC) argued that renewal of the treaty violated Article VI of the Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty, which required signatories to take steps towards nuclear disarmament, but that was not accepted by the British government. In July 2014, Baroness Warsi, the Senior Minister of State for Foreign and Commonwealth Affairs from 2012 to 2014, stated the government's position:", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 44], "content_span": [45, 502]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076368-0043-0000", "contents": "1958 US\u2013UK Mutual Defence Agreement, Renewal\nWe are committed to the goal of a world without nuclear weapons and firmly believe that the best way to achieve this is through gradual disarmament negotiated through a step-by-step approach within the framework of the Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty. The UK has a strong record on nuclear disarmament and continues to be at the forefront of international efforts to control proliferation, and to make progress towards multilateral nuclear disarmament. The UK-USA Mutual Defence Agreement is, and will continue to be, in full compliance with our obligations under the Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 44], "content_span": [45, 647]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076369-0000-0000", "contents": "1958 Ubangi-Shari constitutional referendum\nA referendum on the new constitution of France was held in Ubangi-Shari on 28 September 1958 as part of a wider referendum held across the French Union. The new constitution would see the country become part of the new French Community if accepted, or result in independence if rejected. It was approved by 98.77% of voters.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 43], "section_span": [43, 43], "content_span": [44, 368]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076370-0000-0000", "contents": "1958 Ugandan general election\nGeneral elections were held in Uganda between 20 and 24 October 1958. They were the first elections to the Legislative Council, and were boycotted by the Ganda. The result was a victory for the Uganda National Congress, which won five of the ten seats.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [29, 29], "content_span": [30, 282]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076371-0000-0000", "contents": "1958 United States Grand Prix for Sports Cars\nThe 1958 United States Grand Prix for Sports Cars was a sports car race held at Riverside International Raceway on October 12, 1958. It was the fourth and final round of the 1958 USAC Road Racing Championship season, the seventeenth round of the Sports Car Club of America's Pacific Coast Championship, the second running of the Riverside Grand Prix, and the first post-World War II running of the United States Grand Prix. The race was held over 62 laps of Riverside's 3.3-mile (5.3\u00a0km) circuit, for a total of 203.1 miles (326.9\u00a0km).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 45], "section_span": [45, 45], "content_span": [46, 581]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076371-0000-0001", "contents": "1958 United States Grand Prix for Sports Cars\nChuck Daigh won the race overall, driving one of Lance Reventlow's Scarab-Chevrolets. The race is also noteworthy in the annals of international racing, as the strong second-place finish by a local driver named Dan Gurney earned him a test drive in a factory Ferrari Formula 1 car, effectively launching the Californian's legendary racing career.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 45], "section_span": [45, 45], "content_span": [46, 392]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076371-0001-0000", "contents": "1958 United States Grand Prix for Sports Cars\nThe weather at this event was very warm, even for a desert climate that routinely saw daytime temperatures of 100F plus during the summer. On race day the temperature reached an extraordinary high for the era 95\u00a0\u00b0F (35\u00a0\u00b0C); with winds gusting up to 9.9 miles per hour (15.9\u00a0km/h) on race day. Even with the global warming that emerged decades after the late 1950s, the maximum temperature of Riverside, California never exceeded 79.2\u00a0\u00b0F (26.2\u00a0\u00b0C) for the month of October 2013.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 45], "section_span": [45, 45], "content_span": [46, 523]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076371-0002-0000", "contents": "1958 United States Grand Prix for Sports Cars, Entry\nThe race was open to cars meeting the Sports Car Club of America's B Modified through G Modified classes. Although named \"modified\", most of the cars in classes C through G were factory-built sports racing cars. The field was unusually large for an American sports car race, attracted in large part by a large purse consisting of $14,500 ($130,065.17 in today's money).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 45], "section_span": [47, 52], "content_span": [53, 422]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076371-0003-0000", "contents": "1958 United States Grand Prix for Sports Cars, Qualifying\nPole position winners in each class are marked in bold.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 45], "section_span": [47, 57], "content_span": [58, 113]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076371-0004-0000", "contents": "1958 United States Grand Prix for Sports Cars, Support races\nTwo support races were held: a production car race won by Skip Hudson in a Chevrolet Corvette, and an under-1400cc race won by Jock Ross in a Cooper-Climax.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 45], "section_span": [47, 60], "content_span": [61, 217]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076372-0000-0000", "contents": "1958 United States House of Representatives elections\nThe 1958 United States House of Representatives elections was an election for the United States House of Representatives in 1958 which occurred in the middle of  Dwight Eisenhower's second term.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 53], "section_span": [53, 53], "content_span": [54, 248]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076372-0001-0000", "contents": "1958 United States House of Representatives elections\nThe economy was suffering the Recession of 1958, which Democrats blamed on Eisenhower. The President's Republican Party lost 48 seats in this midterm election, increasing the Democratic Party's majority to a commanding level. Another factor which may have contributed to the Democratic gains include public consternation over the launch of Sputnik and Cold War politics.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 53], "section_span": [53, 53], "content_span": [54, 424]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076372-0002-0000", "contents": "1958 United States House of Representatives elections\nDisappointment with the results led House Republicans to replace Minority Leader Joseph W. Martin Jr. with his deputy, Charles Halleck.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 53], "section_span": [53, 53], "content_span": [54, 189]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076372-0003-0000", "contents": "1958 United States House of Representatives elections, Texas\nTexas eliminated its at-large district and added a new 22nd district formed from part of the Houston area 8th district.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 53], "section_span": [55, 60], "content_span": [61, 180]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076372-0004-0000", "contents": "1958 United States House of Representatives elections, Washington\nWashington redistricted its at-large seat into a 7th district formed in the Seattle suburbs designed to include the at-large incumbent Don Magnuson's residence.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 53], "section_span": [55, 65], "content_span": [66, 226]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076373-0000-0000", "contents": "1958 United States House of Representatives elections in California\nThe United States House of Representatives elections in California, 1958 was an election for California's delegation to the United States House of Representatives, which occurred as part of the general election of the House of Representatives on November 4, 1958. Democrats picked up three seats, taking a majority of the delegation, which they would keep ever since except for a brief tie with the Republicans in the 104th Congress.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 67], "section_span": [67, 67], "content_span": [68, 501]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076373-0001-0000", "contents": "1958 United States House of Representatives elections in California, Results\nFinal results from the Clerk of the House of Representatives:", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 67], "section_span": [69, 76], "content_span": [77, 138]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076374-0000-0000", "contents": "1958 United States House of Representatives elections in South Carolina\nThe 1958 United States House of Representatives elections in South Carolina were held on November 4, 1958 to select six Representatives for two-year terms from the state of South Carolina. The primary election in the 2nd congressional district was held on June 10. All six incumbents were re-elected and the composition of the state delegation remained solely Democratic.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 71], "section_span": [71, 71], "content_span": [72, 443]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076374-0001-0000", "contents": "1958 United States House of Representatives elections in South Carolina, 1st congressional district\nIncumbent Democratic Congressman L. Mendel Rivers of the 1st congressional district, in office since 1941, was unopposed in his bid for re-election.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 71], "section_span": [73, 99], "content_span": [100, 248]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076374-0002-0000", "contents": "1958 United States House of Representatives elections in South Carolina, 2nd congressional district\nIncumbent Democratic Congressman John J. Riley of the 2nd congressional district, in office since 1951, defeated E.B. Linder in the Democratic primary and was unopposed in the general election.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 71], "section_span": [73, 99], "content_span": [100, 293]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076374-0003-0000", "contents": "1958 United States House of Representatives elections in South Carolina, 3rd congressional district\nIncumbent Democratic Congressman William Jennings Bryan Dorn of the 3rd congressional district, in office since 1951, was unopposed in his bid for re-election.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 71], "section_span": [73, 99], "content_span": [100, 259]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076374-0004-0000", "contents": "1958 United States House of Representatives elections in South Carolina, 4th congressional district\nIncumbent Democratic Congressman Robert T. Ashmore of the 4th congressional district, in office since 1953, was unopposed in his bid for re-election.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 71], "section_span": [73, 99], "content_span": [100, 249]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076374-0005-0000", "contents": "1958 United States House of Representatives elections in South Carolina, 5th congressional district\nIncumbent Democratic Congressman Robert W. Hemphill of the 5th congressional district, in office since 1957, was unopposed in his bid for re-election.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 71], "section_span": [73, 99], "content_span": [100, 250]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076374-0006-0000", "contents": "1958 United States House of Representatives elections in South Carolina, 6th congressional district\nIncumbent Democratic Congressman John L. McMillan of the 6th congressional district, in office since 1939, was unopposed in his bid for re-election.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 71], "section_span": [73, 99], "content_span": [100, 248]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076375-0000-0000", "contents": "1958 United States House of Representatives elections in Virginia\nThe 1958 United States House of Representatives elections in Virginia were held on November 4, 1958 to determine who will represent the Commonwealth of Virginia in the United States House of Representatives. Virginia had ten seats in the House, apportioned according to the 1950 United States Census. Representatives are elected for two-year terms.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 65], "section_span": [65, 65], "content_span": [66, 414]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076376-0000-0000", "contents": "1958 United States Senate election in Arizona\nThe 1958 United States Senate elections in Arizona took place on November 4, 1958. Incumbent Republican U.S. Senator Barry Goldwater ran for reelection to a second term, and defeated former U.S. Senator, and then-Governor, Ernest McFarland in the general election. The election was a virtual rematch from 1952, where Goldwater defeated McFarland by a narrow margin. Goldwater had attributed the 1952 win to the unpopularity of President Harry S. Truman and popular Wisconsin Senator Joseph McCarthy endorsing his campaign.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 45], "section_span": [45, 45], "content_span": [46, 568]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076376-0001-0000", "contents": "1958 United States Senate election in Arizona\nThis would be McFarland's final run for statewide office. He became an Associate Justice of the Arizona Supreme Court in 1965 and Chief Justice in 1968 before retiring from public service.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 45], "section_span": [45, 45], "content_span": [46, 234]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076377-0000-0000", "contents": "1958 United States Senate election in California\nThe 1958 United States Senate election in California was held on November 4, 1958.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 48], "section_span": [48, 48], "content_span": [49, 131]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076377-0001-0000", "contents": "1958 United States Senate election in California\nIncumbent Senator William F. Knowland opted not to run for re-election, choosing instead to run for election as Governor. Incumbent Governor Goodwin Knight exchanged places with Knowland and lost to U.S. Representative Clair Engle in the midst of a national landslide for the Democratic Party.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 48], "section_span": [48, 48], "content_span": [49, 342]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076377-0002-0000", "contents": "1958 United States Senate election in California\nThis was one of ten seats Democrats gained from the Republican Party in 1958, part of a record swing (including the elections of new Senators from Alaska and Hawaii).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 48], "section_span": [48, 48], "content_span": [49, 215]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076378-0000-0000", "contents": "1958 United States Senate election in Connecticut\nThe United States Senate election of 1958 in Connecticut was held on November 4, 1958. Democratic Thomas J. Dodd defeated incumbent senator William A. Purtell who ran for a second term.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 49], "section_span": [49, 49], "content_span": [50, 235]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076378-0001-0000", "contents": "1958 United States Senate election in Connecticut\nThis was one of ten seats Democrats gained from the Republican Party in 1958, part of a record swing (including the elections of new Senators from Alaska and Hawaii).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 49], "section_span": [49, 49], "content_span": [50, 216]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076379-0000-0000", "contents": "1958 United States Senate election in Delaware\nThe 1958 United States Senate election in Delaware took place on November 4, 1958. Incumbent Republican U.S. Senator John J. Williams was narrowly re-elected to a third term in office over Democratic former Governor Elbert Carvel.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 46], "section_span": [46, 46], "content_span": [47, 277]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076380-0000-0000", "contents": "1958 United States Senate election in Florida\nThe 1958 United States Senate election in Florida was held on November 4, 1958.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 45], "section_span": [45, 45], "content_span": [46, 125]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076380-0001-0000", "contents": "1958 United States Senate election in Florida\nAfter fending off a primary challenge from former Senator Claude Pepper, the incumbent Senator Spessard Holland was easily re-elected to a third term in office.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 45], "section_span": [45, 45], "content_span": [46, 206]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076380-0002-0000", "contents": "1958 United States Senate election in Florida, Democratic primary, Campaign\nThe incumbent Senator Holland, a firm conservative, was challenged by former Senator Claude Pepper, who had been unseated in 1950. Holland had played a role in recruiting George A. Smathers to run against the liberal Pepper in that election. The two served as colleagues in the Senate from 1947 to 1951.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 45], "section_span": [47, 75], "content_span": [76, 379]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076381-0000-0000", "contents": "1958 United States Senate election in Indiana\nThe 1958 United States Senate election in Indiana was held on November 4, 1958.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 45], "section_span": [45, 45], "content_span": [46, 125]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076381-0001-0000", "contents": "1958 United States Senate election in Indiana\nIncumbent Republican Senator William E. Jenner did not seek a third full term in office and was replaced by Democrat Vance Hartke, the mayor of Evansville. Hartke defeated incumbent Republican Governor of Indiana Harold W. Handley.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 45], "section_span": [45, 45], "content_span": [46, 277]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076381-0002-0000", "contents": "1958 United States Senate election in Indiana\nThis was one of ten seats Democrats gained from the Republican Party in 1958, part of a record swing (including the elections of new Senators from Alaska and Hawaii).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 45], "section_span": [45, 45], "content_span": [46, 212]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076381-0003-0000", "contents": "1958 United States Senate election in Indiana, General election, Campaign\nSenator William Jenner resigned shortly before the election and urged Governor Harold Handley, Jenner's political prot\u00e9g\u00e9, to seek his seat. A plan was proposed whereby Handley would resign the governorship, his lieutenant would appoint him Senator, and he would finish the term and run as an incumbent. When the plan was revealed to the party leadership, they strongly advised him to not implement the it because they feared it would hurt the party and be perceived as a scandal.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 45], "section_span": [47, 73], "content_span": [74, 554]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076381-0004-0000", "contents": "1958 United States Senate election in Indiana, General election, Campaign\nHandley did not resign from the governorship during his campaign and was widely criticized for the unprecedented action. Hartke accused Handley of raising taxes, breaking of his campaign promise, his reluctance in supporting right-to-work, and rising state unemployment. Statewide unemployment was just above 10% in April, but dropped to 6.9% by the end of September.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 45], "section_span": [47, 73], "content_span": [74, 441]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076382-0000-0000", "contents": "1958 United States Senate election in Maine\nThe 1958 United States Senate election in Maine was held on September 8, 1958.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 43], "section_span": [43, 43], "content_span": [44, 122]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076382-0001-0000", "contents": "1958 United States Senate election in Maine\nSenator Frederick Payne was defeated in his bid for a second term by a wide margin. This was one of a record twelve seats Democrats gained from the Republican Party.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 43], "section_span": [43, 43], "content_span": [44, 209]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076383-0000-0000", "contents": "1958 United States Senate election in Maryland\nThe 1958 United States Senate election in Maryland was held on November 4, 1958.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 46], "section_span": [46, 46], "content_span": [47, 127]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076383-0001-0000", "contents": "1958 United States Senate election in Maryland\nSenator James Glenn Beall narrowly defeated Baltimore Mayor Thomas D'Alesandro for re-election to a second term. Beall's victory came despite a national landslide for Senate Democrats.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 46], "section_span": [46, 46], "content_span": [47, 231]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076384-0000-0000", "contents": "1958 United States Senate election in Massachusetts\nThe 1958 United States Senate election in Massachusetts was held on November 4, 1958. Democratic incumbent John F. Kennedy was reelected to a second six-year term, defeating Republican candidate Vincent J. Celeste.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 51], "section_span": [51, 51], "content_span": [52, 266]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076384-0001-0000", "contents": "1958 United States Senate election in Massachusetts, General election, Campaign\nKennedy was overwhelmingly popular in Massachusetts and the 1958 elections were a wave election favoring the Democratic Party. Celeste's campaign was poorly funded but the candidate worked 17-hour days, running his campaign out of his law offices and attempting to frame the race as one pitting a working-class child of Sicilian immigrants against \"that millionaire Jack Kennedy.\"", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 51], "section_span": [53, 79], "content_span": [80, 460]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076384-0002-0000", "contents": "1958 United States Senate election in Massachusetts, General election, Campaign\nThe Kennedy campaign had bought and produced thousands of pieces of campaign material with the slogan \"Be Proud of Your Vote!\" but scrapped them after Celeste's nomination, as Senator Kennedy's father Joe thought the slogan could alienate Italian-Americans and divide the state on ethnic lines.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 51], "section_span": [53, 79], "content_span": [80, 374]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076384-0003-0000", "contents": "1958 United States Senate election in Massachusetts, General election, Results\nKennedy defeated Celeste by a margin of 874,608 votes; this represented the largest margin of victory in a statewide Massachusetts election up to that point.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 51], "section_span": [53, 78], "content_span": [79, 236]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076385-0000-0000", "contents": "1958 United States Senate election in Michigan\nThe 1958 United States Senate election in Michigan was held on November 4, 1958.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 46], "section_span": [46, 46], "content_span": [47, 127]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076385-0001-0000", "contents": "1958 United States Senate election in Michigan\nIncumbent Senator Charles E. Potter was defeated in his bid for re-election to a second term by Lieutenant Governor Philip A. Hart. This was one of a record twelve seats Democrats gained from the Republican Party.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 46], "section_span": [46, 46], "content_span": [47, 260]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076385-0002-0000", "contents": "1958 United States Senate election in Michigan, Republican primary, Results\nSenator Potter was unopposed for re-nomination by the Republican Party.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 46], "section_span": [48, 75], "content_span": [76, 147]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076386-0000-0000", "contents": "1958 United States Senate election in Minnesota\nThe 1958 United States Senate election in Minnesota took place on November 4, 1958. Democratic U.S. Representative Eugene McCarthy defeated incumbent Republican U.S. Senator Edward John Thye, who sought a third term.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 47], "section_span": [47, 47], "content_span": [48, 264]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076387-0000-0000", "contents": "1958 United States Senate election in Mississippi\nThe 1958 United States Senate election in Mississippi took place on November 4, 1958. Incumbent Democratic U.S. Senator John C. Stennis was re-elected to a third term in office.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 49], "section_span": [49, 49], "content_span": [50, 227]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076387-0001-0000", "contents": "1958 United States Senate election in Mississippi\nBecause Stennis was unopposed in the general election, his victory in the August 26 primary was tantamount to election. Stennis was also unopposed in the primary.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 49], "section_span": [49, 49], "content_span": [50, 212]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076387-0002-0000", "contents": "1958 United States Senate election in Mississippi, Democratic primary\nThe Democratic primary election was held on August 26, 1958.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 49], "section_span": [51, 69], "content_span": [70, 130]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076387-0003-0000", "contents": "1958 United States Senate election in Mississippi, Bibliography\nThis Mississippi elections-related article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by .", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 49], "section_span": [51, 63], "content_span": [64, 145]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076388-0000-0000", "contents": "1958 United States Senate election in Missouri\nThe 1958 United States Senate election in Missouri was held on November 4, 1958.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 46], "section_span": [46, 46], "content_span": [47, 127]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076388-0001-0000", "contents": "1958 United States Senate election in Missouri\nIncumbent Senator Stuart Symington was re-elected to a second term in office.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 46], "section_span": [46, 46], "content_span": [47, 124]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076388-0002-0000", "contents": "1958 United States Senate election in Missouri, Republican primary, Results\nHazel Palmer became the first woman ever nominated for United States Senate in Missouri.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 46], "section_span": [48, 75], "content_span": [76, 164]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076389-0000-0000", "contents": "1958 United States Senate election in Montana\nThe 1958 United States Senate election in Montana took place on November 4, 1958. Incumbent United States Senator Mike Mansfield, who was first elected to the Senate in 1952, ran for re-election. Mansfield won the Democratic primary comfortably, and moved on to the general election, where he was opposed by Lou W. Welch, a millworker and the Republican nominee. In contrast to the close campaign in 1952, Mansfield defeated Welch in a landslide and won his second term in the Senate easily.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 45], "section_span": [45, 45], "content_span": [46, 537]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076390-0000-0000", "contents": "1958 United States Senate election in Nebraska\nThe 1958 United States Senate election in Nebraska took place on November 4, 1958. The incumbent Republican Senator, Roman Hruska, was re-elected to a full term, having previously been elected in a special election. He defeated Frank B. Morrison.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 46], "section_span": [46, 46], "content_span": [47, 293]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076391-0000-0000", "contents": "1958 United States Senate election in Nevada\nThe 1958 United States Senate election in Nevada was held on November 4, 1958. Incumbent Republican U.S. Senator George W. Malone ran for re-election to a third term, but was defeated by Democrat Howard Cannon.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [44, 44], "content_span": [45, 255]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076391-0001-0000", "contents": "1958 United States Senate election in Nevada, Republican primary, Results\nSenator Malone was unopposed for re-nomination by the Republican Party.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [46, 73], "content_span": [74, 145]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076391-0002-0000", "contents": "1958 United States Senate election in Nevada, General election, Campaign\nThis campaign was considered one of the most competitive and highly watched in the nation in 1958. Senator Malone was known nationally as a leader within the Republican Party's right wing and held key appointments on the Senate Finance and Interior Committees.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [46, 72], "content_span": [73, 333]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076391-0003-0000", "contents": "1958 United States Senate election in Nevada, General election, Campaign\nMalone campaigned on his experience and seniority in the Senate, using the slogan \"He Knows Nevada Best.\" He received support from Eisenhower cabinet secretaries Fred Seaton and Ezra Taft Benson. Benson, one of the Twelve Apostles of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-Day Saints, was especially influential among Nevada's large Mormon population. His endorsement was seen as particularly important in light of Cannon's Mormon faith. Late in the campaign, Malone published full-page ads touting his effort to save Nevada from a federal gambling tax.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [46, 72], "content_span": [73, 624]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076391-0004-0000", "contents": "1958 United States Senate election in Nevada, General election, Campaign\nCannon focused his attacks on Malone's absentee record in the Senate and his reputation on Capitol Hill as an unpopular extremist.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [46, 72], "content_span": [73, 203]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076391-0005-0000", "contents": "1958 United States Senate election in Nevada, General election, Results\nCannon won the election by a safe margin owing to his overwhelming support in his native Clark County, which contained 47 percent of the state's registered voters. He was the first candidate from southern Nevada elected to the United States Senate.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [46, 71], "content_span": [72, 320]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076392-0000-0000", "contents": "1958 United States Senate election in New Jersey\nThe 1958 United States Senate election in New Jersey was held on November 4, 1958.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 48], "section_span": [48, 48], "content_span": [49, 131]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076392-0001-0000", "contents": "1958 United States Senate election in New Jersey\nIncumbent Senator H. Alexander Smith chose not to seek a third term in office. Democratic U.S. Representative Harrison Williams won the open seat over U.S. Representative Robert Kean. This was one of a record twelve seats Democrats gained from the Republican Party in 1958.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 48], "section_span": [48, 48], "content_span": [49, 322]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076393-0000-0000", "contents": "1958 United States Senate election in New York\nThe United States Senate election of 1958 in New York was held on November 4, 1958. Incumbent Republican Senator Irving Ives retired. Republican Representative Kenneth Keating defeated Democrat Frank Hogan to succeed Ives. As of 2021, this is the last time the Republicans won the Class 1 Senate seat in New York.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 46], "section_span": [46, 46], "content_span": [47, 360]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076393-0001-0000", "contents": "1958 United States Senate election in New York, Candidates, Independents and third parties, Liberal\nThe Liberal Party initially chose Thomas K. Finletter as its nominee for Senate, but after Finletter lost the Democratic nomination to Frank Hogan, Finletter withdrew and the party endorsed Hogan instead.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 46], "section_span": [48, 99], "content_span": [100, 304]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076394-0000-0000", "contents": "1958 United States Senate election in North Dakota\nThe 1958 United States Senate election in North Dakota took place on November 4, 1958, to elect a member of the United States Senate to represent the State of North Dakota, concurrently with other Class 1 elections to the Senate and various other federal, state, and local elections.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 50], "section_span": [50, 50], "content_span": [51, 334]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076394-0001-0000", "contents": "1958 United States Senate election in North Dakota\nIncumbent Republican Senator William Langer was re-elected to a fourth term, defeating a primary challenge from Lieutenant Governor Francis Clyde Duffy and winning the general election with 57.21% of the vote, defeating Democratic-NPL candidate Raymond G. Vendsel who won 41.49% of the vote. Two independent candidates, Arthur C. Townley and Custer Solem, also ran, had minimal impact on the outcome of the election, winning 1,700 (0.83%) and 973 (0.48%) votes, respectively. Townley was known as the creator of the National Non-Partisan League, and had previously sought North Dakota's other senate seat in 1956. This was the last time North Dakota's class 1 seat was won by a Republican until Kevin Cramer won it in 2018.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 50], "section_span": [50, 50], "content_span": [51, 774]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076395-0000-0000", "contents": "1958 United States Senate election in Ohio\nThe 1958 United States Senate election in Ohio was held on November 4, 1958.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 42], "section_span": [42, 42], "content_span": [43, 119]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076395-0001-0000", "contents": "1958 United States Senate election in Ohio\nIncumbent Senator John W. Bricker was defeated in his bid for a third term by U.S. Representative Stephen M. Young. This was one of a record twelve seats Democrats gained from the Republican Party in 1958.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 42], "section_span": [42, 42], "content_span": [43, 248]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076396-0000-0000", "contents": "1958 United States Senate election in Pennsylvania\nThe 1958 United States Senate election in Pennsylvania was held on November 4, 1958. Incumbent Republican U.S. Senator Edward Martin did not seek re-election. The Republican nominee, Hugh Scott, defeated Democratic nominee George M. Leader for the vacant seat.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 50], "section_span": [50, 50], "content_span": [51, 311]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076397-0000-0000", "contents": "1958 United States Senate election in Tennessee\nThe 1958 United States Senate election in Tennessee was held on November 3, 1958. Democrat Albert Gore Sr. was re-elected to a second term. Gore survived a primary challenge from former Governor Prentice Cooper and easily defeated Republican Hobart Atkins in the general election.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 47], "section_span": [47, 47], "content_span": [48, 328]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076398-0000-0000", "contents": "1958 United States Senate election in Texas\nThe 1958 United States Senate election in Texas was held on November 4, 1958. Incumbent Democratic U.S. Senator Ralph Yarborough won a competitive primary against former Senator William Blakley and handily defeated newspaper publisher Roy Whittenburg in the general election.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 43], "section_span": [43, 43], "content_span": [44, 319]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076399-0000-0000", "contents": "1958 United States Senate election in Utah\nThe 1958 United States Senate election in Utah was held on November 4, 1958.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 42], "section_span": [42, 42], "content_span": [43, 119]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076399-0001-0000", "contents": "1958 United States Senate election in Utah\nIncumbent Senator Arthur V. Watkins was defeated by Salt Lake County Attorney Frank Moss in a three-way race that also included former Governor J. Bracken Lee running as an independent. This was one of a record twelve Senate seats Democrats gained from the Republican Party in 1958. Even in such a strong year for Democrats, Moss's victory in Utah was seen as a major upset.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 42], "section_span": [42, 42], "content_span": [43, 417]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076399-0002-0000", "contents": "1958 United States Senate election in Utah, Background\nUtah at this time was seen as a safely Republican seat. Utah had not elected a Democratic Governor or United States Senator since 1944. The state voted for Republican President Dwight D. Eisenhower by 17 points in 1952 and 29 points in 1956. It was one of only three states in the West which had trended towards Eisenhower in 1956, and the Republicans swept all congressional seats and state offices by substantial margins. The state had also not elected a Democratic Governor or United States Senator since 1944.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 42], "section_span": [44, 54], "content_span": [55, 568]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076399-0003-0000", "contents": "1958 United States Senate election in Utah, Background\nBy June 1958, the state was considered the only \"safe Republican\" area in the entire nation. In the face of the national Democratic surge, one Republican expert was quoted, \"I haven't had any bad reports from [Utah] \u2014 recently.\"", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 42], "section_span": [44, 54], "content_span": [55, 283]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076399-0004-0000", "contents": "1958 United States Senate election in Utah, Republican primary, Results\nWatkins easily won re-nomination by the Republican Party for a third term. Mattison carried only his home county of Sevier along with bordering Piute and Wayne Counties.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 42], "section_span": [44, 71], "content_span": [72, 241]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076399-0005-0000", "contents": "1958 United States Senate election in Utah, General election, Campaign\nSenator Watkins made several key errors in the months and years preceding his defeat. He supported a strengthening of the Robinson\u2013Patman Act, which angered business interests in the state and led the Utah Association of Petroleum Retailed to back Moss. The metal mining industry, which is a key part of the Utah economy, also grew dissatisfied with Watkins after Congress failed to pass favorable legislation. He also angered some rural voters by failing to take a side in a reclamation project that pitted development interests in Carbon County against those in Sanpete County.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 42], "section_span": [44, 70], "content_span": [71, 650]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076399-0006-0000", "contents": "1958 United States Senate election in Utah, General election, Campaign\nPerhaps most importantly, Watkins angered conservative and right-wing voters within his own party by leading the committee which voted for the censure of anti-communist Senator Joseph McCarthy.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 42], "section_span": [44, 70], "content_span": [71, 264]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076399-0007-0000", "contents": "1958 United States Senate election in Utah, General election, Campaign\nIn the general election, Lee campaigned on the repeal of the federal income tax and a general reduction of taxes. He limited his previous criticisms of the Eisenhower administration and of the United Nations, though he continued to criticize foreign aid and federal spending in general. For his own part, Watkins campaigned on the issue of seniority. He claimed that if re-elected, he would be appointed to the powerful Senate Appropriations Committee. Lee responded by reminding Watkins that his predecessor, Senator Abe Murdock, was on this committee during his first and only term. Moss noted that seniority, even on a powerful committee, would mean little so long as Watkins's Republican Party remained the minority in the Senate.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 42], "section_span": [44, 70], "content_span": [71, 805]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076399-0008-0000", "contents": "1958 United States Senate election in Utah, General election, Campaign\nMoss gained support by contrasting himself to the much older Watkins and Lee in a series of public appearances. At one such event late in the campaign at the University of Utah, Lee said that all politicians were corrupt. Given Lee's own long career in politics and many electoral campaigns, the crowd laughed. As Lee's campaign began to decline and Moss's surged, a number of high-profile national Democratic leaders came to Utah to campaign. They included Senators Lyndon Baines Johnson, George Smathers, and Warren Magnuson. The Moss campaign brought in AFL-CIO lobbyist Esther Peterson and local communications executive George C. Hatch to provide strategic advice and communications expertise.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 42], "section_span": [44, 70], "content_span": [71, 769]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076399-0009-0000", "contents": "1958 United States Senate election in Utah, General election, Campaign\nIn the final weeks of the race, the Moss campaign ran a double-pronged strategy: boosting Lee's appeal to Republican voters while drawing away his Democratic supporters. They first hosted a \"Let's Sack Brack\" rally featuring newly-elected Senator Edmund Muskie and Congressman John E. Moss of California. As Lee gained attention as the outsider candidate, he began to attack both parties equally as a single \"machine.\" Watkins turned his attention to Lee and intensified his attacks. In the final weeks of the campaign, the Democrats carried out an intensive phone-banking operation, calling potential Lee supporters to claim that Moss was the only candidate who could unseat Watkins.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 42], "section_span": [44, 70], "content_span": [71, 755]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076399-0010-0000", "contents": "1958 United States Senate election in Utah, General election, Campaign\nWatkins polled ahead for most of the campaign, but in the final weeks polls were published showing both Moss and Lee in the lead. Ultimately, his victory was credited to the presence of Lee in the race, which split Republican voters, and his own campaign's youthful energy.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 42], "section_span": [44, 70], "content_span": [71, 344]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076400-0000-0000", "contents": "1958 United States Senate election in Vermont\nThe 1958 United States Senate election in Vermont took place on November 4, 1958. Incumbent Republican Ralph Flanders did not run for re-election to another term in the United States Senate. Republican candidate Winston L. Prouty defeated Democratic candidate Frederick J. Fayette to succeed him.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 45], "section_span": [45, 45], "content_span": [46, 342]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076401-0000-0000", "contents": "1958 United States Senate election in Virginia\nThe 1958 United States Senate election in Virginia was held on November 4, 1958. Incumbent Senator Harry F. Byrd, Sr. was re-elected to a fifth term after defeating Independent Louise Wensel and Social Democrat Clarke Robb.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 46], "section_span": [46, 46], "content_span": [47, 270]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076402-0000-0000", "contents": "1958 United States Senate election in Washington\nThe 1958 United States Senate election in Washington was held on November 4, 1958. Incumbent Democrat Henry M. Jackson won a second term in office over Republican William Bantz.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 48], "section_span": [48, 48], "content_span": [49, 226]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076403-0000-0000", "contents": "1958 United States Senate election in West Virginia\nThe 1958 United States Senate election in West Virginia was held on November 4, 1958. Robert Byrd was elected Senator, and he held the seat until 2010, upon his death.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 51], "section_span": [51, 51], "content_span": [52, 219]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076403-0001-0000", "contents": "1958 United States Senate election in West Virginia, Background\nIn 1956 Senator Harley M. Kilgore died, and former Senator Chapman Revercomb won his seat in the 1956 special election. The election was held alongside the 1958 midterms, where Republicans had a net loss nationally. Revercomb lost re-election to Robert Byrd. West Virginia was one of the many states that was flipped from Republican to Democrat in the 1958 midterms.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 51], "section_span": [53, 63], "content_span": [64, 430]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076404-0000-0000", "contents": "1958 United States Senate election in Wisconsin\nThe 1958 United States Senate election in Wisconsin was held on November 4, 1958. Incumbent Democrat William Proxmire, who had won a special election to finish the term of the late Senator Joe McCarthy, was re-elected to a full term in office over Wisconsin Supreme Court Justice Roland J. Steinle, a Republican.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 47], "section_span": [47, 47], "content_span": [48, 360]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076405-0000-0000", "contents": "1958 United States Senate election in Wyoming\nThe 1958 United States Senate election in Wyoming took place November 4, 1958. Incumbent Republican Senator Frank A. Barrett ran for re-election to his second term. He was challenged by Gale W. McGee, a University of Wyoming professor and the Democratic nominee. Despite the state's strong Republican lean, McGee ran an energetic campaign against Barrett, earning the support of the national Democratic establishment. McGee ultimately narrowly upset Barrett, winning 51% of the vote to Barrett's 49%.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 45], "section_span": [45, 45], "content_span": [46, 546]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076406-0000-0000", "contents": "1958 United States Senate elections\nThe 1958 United States Senate elections were elections for the United States Senate which occurred in the middle of President Dwight D. Eisenhower's second term.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [35, 35], "content_span": [36, 197]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076406-0001-0000", "contents": "1958 United States Senate elections\nAs is common in midterm elections, the party in the White House lost seats, but losses this year were heavy due to the Recession of 1958, the Eisenhower Administration's position on right-to-work issues that galvanized labor unions (which supported Democrats), and the launch of Sputnik.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [35, 35], "content_span": [36, 323]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076406-0002-0000", "contents": "1958 United States Senate elections\nThe Democratic Party gained a record 15 seats in this election, defeating 10 Republican incumbents, gaining three open Republican seats, and winning both seats from the new state of Alaska. This gave the Democrats a strong Senate majority of 64\u201334 over the Republicans, the largest swing in the history of the Senate.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [35, 35], "content_span": [36, 353]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076406-0003-0000", "contents": "1958 United States Senate elections\nThis is only one of two occasions in U.S. history that 10 or more Senate seats changed hands in a midterm election (the other being in 1946), and also one of five occasions where 10 or more Senate seats changed hands in an election, with the other occasions being in 1920, 1932, 1946, and 1980.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [35, 35], "content_span": [36, 330]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076406-0004-0000", "contents": "1958 United States Senate elections, Incumbents who lost re-election (or appointee who lost election), Republicans replaced by Democrats\nWest Virginia's delegation changed from two Republicans to two Democrats.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 136], "content_span": [137, 210]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076406-0005-0000", "contents": "1958 United States Senate elections, Results summary\nFor the November 5 and 25, 1958 regular and special elections.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 52], "content_span": [53, 115]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076406-0006-0000", "contents": "1958 United States Senate elections, Results summary\nColored shading indicates party with largest share of that row.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 52], "content_span": [53, 116]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076406-0007-0000", "contents": "1958 United States Senate elections, Race summaries, Special / new state elections\nIn the special elections, the winners were seated during 1958 or before January 3, 1959. In the new state elections, the winners were seated with the new Congress on January 3, 1959. Ordered by election date.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 82], "content_span": [83, 291]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076406-0008-0000", "contents": "1958 United States Senate elections, Race summaries, Elections leading to the next Congress\nIn these regular elections, the winners were elected for the term beginning January 3, 1959; ordered by state.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 91], "content_span": [92, 202]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076406-0009-0000", "contents": "1958 United States Senate elections, Alaska\nAlaska would become a new state January 3, 1959 and it elected two initial senators November 25, 1958 in advance of statehood. The Democratic Party thereby picked up 2 more seats.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 43], "content_span": [44, 223]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076406-0010-0000", "contents": "1958 United States Senate elections, Alaska\nIn their next elections, Alaska's senators would be elected to 6-year terms.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 43], "content_span": [44, 120]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076406-0011-0000", "contents": "1958 United States Senate elections, Alaska\nThe class 2 race, for the 2-year term ending in 1961, was between the Democratic incumbent territorial delegate Bob Bartlett, and the Republican Juneau attorney R. E. Robertson.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 43], "content_span": [44, 221]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076406-0012-0000", "contents": "1958 United States Senate elections, Alaska\nBartlett would be re-elected twice and serve until his 1968 death.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 43], "content_span": [44, 110]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076406-0013-0000", "contents": "1958 United States Senate elections, Alaska\nThe class 3 race, for the 4-year term ending in 1963, pitted two former territorial governors, Democrat Ernest Gruening against Republican Mike Stepovich. Gruening won a close race.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 43], "content_span": [44, 225]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076406-0014-0000", "contents": "1958 United States Senate elections, Alaska\nGruening would be re-elected in 1962 and serve until losing renomination in 1968.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 43], "content_span": [44, 125]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076406-0015-0000", "contents": "1958 United States Senate elections, Connecticut\nIn Connecticut, Democrat Thomas J. Dodd defeated incumbent senator William A. Purtell who ran for a second term.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 48], "content_span": [49, 161]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076406-0016-0000", "contents": "1958 United States Senate elections, Delaware\nTwo-term Republican John J. Williams was re-elected to a third term.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 45], "content_span": [46, 114]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076406-0017-0000", "contents": "1958 United States Senate elections, Delaware\nWilliams would be re-elected in 1964, serving four terms until his 1970 retirement.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 45], "content_span": [46, 129]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076406-0018-0000", "contents": "1958 United States Senate elections, Florida\nIncumbent Democrat Senator Holland, a conservative, was challenged by former senator Claude Pepper, who had been unseated in 1950. Holland had played a role in recruiting George A. Smathers to run against the liberal Pepper in that election. The two served as colleagues in the Senate from 1947 to 1951.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 44], "content_span": [45, 348]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076406-0019-0000", "contents": "1958 United States Senate elections, Indiana\nIncumbent Republican William E. Jenner did not seek a second full term in office and was replaced by Democrat Vance Hartke, the mayor of Evansville. Hartke defeated incumbent Republican Governor of Indiana Harold W. Handley.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 44], "content_span": [45, 269]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076406-0020-0000", "contents": "1958 United States Senate elections, Indiana\nJenner resigned shortly before the election and urged Handley, Jenner's political prot\u00e9g\u00e9, to seek his seat. A plan was proposed whereby Handley would resign the governorship, his lieutenant would appoint him senator, and he would finish the term and run as an incumbent. When the plan was revealed to the party leadership, they strongly advised him to not implement it because they feared it would hurt the party and be perceived as a scandal.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 44], "content_span": [45, 489]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076406-0021-0000", "contents": "1958 United States Senate elections, Indiana\nHandley did not resign from the governorship during his campaign and was widely criticized for the unprecedented action. Hartke accused Handley of raising taxes, breaking of his campaign promise, his reluctance in supporting right-to-work, and rising state unemployment. Statewide unemployment was just above 10% in April, but dropped to 6.9% by the end of September.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 44], "content_span": [45, 412]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076406-0022-0000", "contents": "1958 United States Senate elections, Maine\nMaine held its election September 8, 1958, in keeping with its routine practice of holding elections before the November national Election Day. Democrat Edmund Muskie defeated one-term Republican incumbent, Frederick G. Payne by a wide margin, 61\u201339%.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 42], "content_span": [43, 294]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076406-0023-0000", "contents": "1958 United States Senate elections, Minnesota\nIn Minnesota, Democratic Representative Eugene McCarthy defeated incumbent senator Edward John Thye who ran for a third term.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 46], "content_span": [47, 172]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076406-0024-0000", "contents": "1958 United States Senate elections, Mississippi\nTwo-term Democrat John C. Stennis was re-elected with no opposition.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 48], "content_span": [49, 117]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076406-0025-0000", "contents": "1958 United States Senate elections, Mississippi\nStennis would be re-elected four more times, serving until his retirement in 1989.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 48], "content_span": [49, 131]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076406-0026-0000", "contents": "1958 United States Senate elections, Missouri\nIncumbent Democrat Stuart Symington was re-elected to a second term. Hazel Palmer was the first woman ever nominated for United States senator in Missouri.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 45], "content_span": [46, 201]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076406-0027-0000", "contents": "1958 United States Senate elections, Montana\nIncumbent Mike Mansfield, who was first elected to the Senate in 1952, ran for re-election. Mansfield won the Democratic primary comfortably, and moved on to the general election, where he was opposed by Lou W. Welch, a millworker and the Republican nominee. In contrast to the close campaign in 1952, Mansfield defeated Welch in a landslide and won his second term in the Senate easily.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 44], "content_span": [45, 432]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076406-0028-0000", "contents": "1958 United States Senate elections, Nebraska\nRepublican Roman Hruska had won a 1954 special election and ran for a full term. He beat Democratic attorney Frank B. Morrison.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 45], "content_span": [46, 173]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076406-0029-0000", "contents": "1958 United States Senate elections, Nebraska\nHruska would be re-elected two more times and serve until his 1976 retirement.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 45], "content_span": [46, 124]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076406-0030-0000", "contents": "1958 United States Senate elections, Nebraska\nMorrison would be elected Governor of Nebraska in 1960 and serve there for six years, twice again meanwhile running unsuccessfully for U.S. senator.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 45], "content_span": [46, 194]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076406-0031-0000", "contents": "1958 United States Senate elections, Nevada\nIn Nevada, incumbent Republican George W. Malone ran for re-election to a third term, but was defeated by Democrat Howard Cannon.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 43], "content_span": [44, 173]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076406-0032-0000", "contents": "1958 United States Senate elections, Nevada\nThe campaign was considered one of the most competitive and highly watched in the nation in 1958. Senator Malone was known nationally as a leader within the Republican Party's right wing and held key appointments on the Senate Finance and Interior Committees.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 43], "content_span": [44, 303]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076406-0033-0000", "contents": "1958 United States Senate elections, Nevada\nMalone campaigned on his experience and seniority in the Senate, using the slogan \"He Knows Nevada Best.\" He received support from Eisenhower cabinet secretaries Fred Seaton and Ezra Taft Benson. Benson, one of the Twelve Apostles of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-Day Saints, was especially influential among Nevada's large Mormon population. His endorsement was seen as particularly important in light of Cannon's Mormon faith. Late in the campaign, Malone published full-page ads touting his effort to save Nevada from a federal gambling tax.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 43], "content_span": [44, 595]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076406-0034-0000", "contents": "1958 United States Senate elections, Nevada\nCannon focused his attacks on Malone's absentee record in the Senate and his reputation on Capitol Hill as an unpopular extremist.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 43], "content_span": [44, 174]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076406-0035-0000", "contents": "1958 United States Senate elections, Nevada\nCannon won the election by a safe margin owing to his overwhelming support in his native Clark County, which contained 47 percent of the state's registered voters. He was the first candidate from southern Nevada elected to the United States Senate.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 43], "content_span": [44, 292]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076406-0036-0000", "contents": "1958 United States Senate elections, Nevada\nSenator Malone was unopposed for re-nomination by the Republican Party.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 43], "content_span": [44, 115]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076406-0037-0000", "contents": "1958 United States Senate elections, New Jersey\nIncumbent Republican H. Alexander Smith chose not to seek a third term in office. Democratic U.S. Representative Harrison Williams won the open seat over U.S. Representative Robert Kean.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 47], "content_span": [48, 234]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076406-0038-0000", "contents": "1958 United States Senate elections, New York\nIncumbent Republican Irving Ives retired. Republican Representative Kenneth Keating defeated Democrat Frank Hogan to succeed Ives.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 45], "content_span": [46, 176]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076406-0039-0000", "contents": "1958 United States Senate elections, North Carolina (special)\nDemocrat W. Kerr Scott had died April 16, 1958 and former Democratic Governor of North Carolina B. Everett Jordan was appointed April 19, 1958 to continue the term, pending a special election. Jordan was then re-elected in November.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 61], "content_span": [62, 294]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076406-0040-0000", "contents": "1958 United States Senate elections, North Carolina (special)\nJordan would later be twice re-elected and serve until 1973.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 61], "content_span": [62, 122]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076406-0041-0000", "contents": "1958 United States Senate elections, North Dakota\nIncumbent Republican, and former Non-Partisan League (NPL) senator, William Langer, was re-elected to a fourth term, defeating North Dakota Democratic NPL Party (Dem-NPL) candidate Raymond G. Vendsel.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 49], "content_span": [50, 250]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076406-0042-0000", "contents": "1958 United States Senate elections, North Dakota\nOnly Langer filed as a Republican, and the endorsed Democratic-NPL candidate was Raymond G. Vendsel. Langer and Vendsel won the primary elections for their respective parties.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 49], "content_span": [50, 225]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076406-0043-0000", "contents": "1958 United States Senate elections, North Dakota\nTwo independent candidates, Arthur C. Townley and Custer Solem, also filed before the deadline but had minimal impact on the outcome of the election, totaling less than 3,000 votes combined. Townley was known as the creator of the National Non-Partisan League, and had previously sought North Dakota's other senate seat in 1956.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 49], "content_span": [50, 378]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076406-0044-0000", "contents": "1958 United States Senate elections, Ohio\nIncumbent Republican John W. Bricker was defeated in his bid for a third term by U.S. Representative Stephen M. Young.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 41], "content_span": [42, 160]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076406-0045-0000", "contents": "1958 United States Senate elections, Pennsylvania\nIncumbent Republican Edward Martin did not seek re-election. The Republican nominee, Hugh Scott, defeated the term-limited Democratic Governor of Pennsylvania George M. Leader for the vacant seat.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 49], "content_span": [50, 246]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076406-0046-0000", "contents": "1958 United States Senate elections, Pennsylvania\nScott would be twice re-elected, rising to the Senate Minority leader, and serve until retiring in 1977. Leader retired from public service after the defeat.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 49], "content_span": [50, 207]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076406-0047-0000", "contents": "1958 United States Senate elections, Rhode Island\nTwo-term incumbent Democrat John Pastore was easily re-elected over Republican attorney Bayard Ewing, a repeat of their 1952 race.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 49], "content_span": [50, 180]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076406-0048-0000", "contents": "1958 United States Senate elections, Rhode Island\nEwing would later serve as the national chairman of the United Way (1969\u20131972) and the Rhode Island School of Design (1967\u20131985).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 49], "content_span": [50, 179]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076406-0049-0000", "contents": "1958 United States Senate elections, Vermont\nIncumbent Republican Ralph Flanders did not run for re-election to another term in the United States Senate. Republican candidate Winston L. Prouty defeated Democratic candidate Frederick J. Fayette to succeed him.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 44], "content_span": [45, 259]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076406-0050-0000", "contents": "1958 United States Senate elections, Virginia\nIncumbent Harry F. Byrd Sr. was re-elected after defeating Independent Louise Wensel and Social Democrat Clarke Robb.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 45], "content_span": [46, 163]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076406-0051-0000", "contents": "1958 United States Senate elections, West Virginia, West Virginia (regular)\nIn 1956 senator Harley M. Kilgore died, and former senator William Revercomb won his seat in the 1956 special election. Revercomb lost re-election to Robert Byrd, who would hold the seat until his 2010 death.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 75], "content_span": [76, 284]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076406-0052-0000", "contents": "1958 United States Senate elections, West Virginia, West Virginia (special)\nIncumbent Democrat Matthew M. Neely died January 8, 1958 and Republican John D. Hoblitzell Jr. was appointed January 25, 1958 to continue the term, pending a special election.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 75], "content_span": [76, 251]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076406-0053-0000", "contents": "1958 United States Senate elections, West Virginia, West Virginia (special)\nFormer Democratic congressman Jennings Randolph was elected to finish the term that would run through 1961.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 75], "content_span": [76, 183]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076406-0054-0000", "contents": "1958 United States Senate elections, West Virginia, West Virginia (special)\nRandolph would be re-elected four times and serve until his retirement in 1985. Hoblitzell resumed his business interests and died January 6, 1962.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 75], "content_span": [76, 223]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076407-0000-0000", "contents": "1958 United States Senate elections in Alaska\nThe 1958 United States Senate elections in Alaska were held November 25, 1958. The elections were held in anticipation of Alaska's admission as the forty-ninth State in the union, effective January 3, 1959. The state held two simultaneous elections to determine their first senators.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 45], "section_span": [45, 45], "content_span": [46, 329]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076407-0001-0000", "contents": "1958 United States Senate elections in Alaska\nBoth elections were won by the Democratic Party. The new Senators, Bob Bartlett and Ernest Gruening, were sworn into office alongside those Senators elected in the 1958 United States Senate elections held three weeks earlier.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 45], "section_span": [45, 45], "content_span": [46, 271]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076407-0002-0000", "contents": "1958 United States Senate elections in Alaska, Class 2\nThis election was for the class 2 term expiring in 1961. It was won by Democrat Bob Bartlett.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 45], "section_span": [47, 54], "content_span": [55, 148]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076407-0003-0000", "contents": "1958 United States Senate elections in Alaska, Class 3\nThis election was for the class 3 term expiring in 1963. It was won by Democrat Ernest Gruening.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 45], "section_span": [47, 54], "content_span": [55, 151]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076408-0000-0000", "contents": "1958 United States Senate special election in North Carolina\nThe 1958 United States Senate special election in North Carolina was held on November 2, 1958. Interim Democratic Senator B. Everett Jordan was elected to complete the unexpired term of Senator W. Kerr Scott, who had died in April.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 60], "section_span": [60, 60], "content_span": [61, 292]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076408-0001-0000", "contents": "1958 United States Senate special election in North Carolina, Background\nOn April 16, 1958, Senator W. Kerr Scott died in office. On April 19, Governor of North Carolina Luther H. Hodges appointed B. Everett Jordan to fill the vacant seat until a successor could be duly elected. A special election to finish Kerr's term was scheduled for November 2, 1958, concurrent with the general election.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 60], "section_span": [62, 72], "content_span": [73, 394]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076408-0002-0000", "contents": "1958 United States Senate special election in North Carolina, Background\nJordan's appointment capped a twelve-year period during which eight different men held this Senate seat. He would hold the seat until 1975.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 60], "section_span": [62, 72], "content_span": [73, 212]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076409-0000-0000", "contents": "1958 United States Senate special election in West Virginia\nThe 1958 United States Senate special election in West Virginia was held on November 4, 1958, concurrent with a regular election. The election was called due to the death of Senator Matthew M. Neely.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 59], "section_span": [59, 59], "content_span": [60, 259]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076409-0001-0000", "contents": "1958 United States Senate special election in West Virginia\nDemocrats Randolph and Byrd both won their seats, amid a national wave election.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 59], "section_span": [59, 59], "content_span": [60, 140]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076409-0002-0000", "contents": "1958 United States Senate special election in West Virginia, Democratic primary, Campaign\nWhile campaigning with Robert C. Byrd, Randolph was involved in a car accident, veering into oncoming traffic and killing another driver. According to the testimony of Byrd, Randolph fell asleep at the wheel and woke up shortly before hitting the other driver. Wetzel County prosecutor Jack Hawkins declined to file charges, and Byrd's insurance company settled with the victim's widow out of court, being forced to pay the full sum of Byrd's liability, $22,500.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 59], "section_span": [61, 89], "content_span": [90, 552]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076410-0000-0000", "contents": "1958 United States elections\nThe 1958 United States elections were held on November 4, 1958, and elected members of the 86th United States Congress. The election took place in the middle of Republican President Dwight D. Eisenhower's second term. Eisenhower's party suffered large losses. They lost 48 seats to the Democratic Party in the House of Representatives, and also lost thirteen seats in the U.S. Senate to the Democrats. This marked the first time that the six-year itch phenomenon occurred during a Republican presidency since Ulysses S. Grant's second term in 1874. Alaska and Hawaii were admitted as states during the 86th Congress.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [28, 28], "content_span": [29, 645]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076410-0001-0000", "contents": "1958 United States elections\nThe ranks of liberal Democrats swelled as the Republican Party suffered several losses in the Northeast and the West. The election contributed to a weakening of the conservative coalition and those opposed to the civil rights movement, allowing for the eventual passage of the Great Society and the Civil Rights Act of 1964. The election saw an influx of northern Democrats who sought to reform the Congressional seniority system, which often gave the best positions to senior southerners who rarely faced difficult re-elections and thus were able to rack up long terms of service.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [28, 28], "content_span": [29, 610]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076411-0000-0000", "contents": "1958 United States gubernatorial elections\nUnited States gubernatorial elections were held in 1958, in 34 states, concurrent with the House and Senate elections, on November 4, 1958 (September 8 in Maine, November 25 in Alaska). Alaska held its first gubernatorial election on achieving statehood.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 42], "section_span": [42, 42], "content_span": [43, 297]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076411-0001-0000", "contents": "1958 United States gubernatorial elections\nIn Colorado, Maine and Ohio, the governor was elected to a 4-year term for the first time, instead of a 2-year term.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 42], "section_span": [42, 42], "content_span": [43, 159]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076412-0000-0000", "contents": "1958 Upper Voltan constitutional referendum\nA referendum on the new constitution of France was held in Upper Volta on 28 September 1958 as part of a wider referendum held across the French Union. The new constitution would see the country become part of the new French Community if accepted, or result in independence if rejected. It was approved by 99.18% of voters.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 43], "section_span": [43, 43], "content_span": [44, 367]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076413-0000-0000", "contents": "1958 Uruguayan Primera Divisi\u00f3n, Overview\nIt was contested by 10 teams, and Pe\u00f1arol won the championship.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 41], "content_span": [42, 105]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076414-0000-0000", "contents": "1958 Uruguayan constitutional referendum\nA constitutional referendum was held in Uruguay on 30 November 1958 alongside general elections. Two proposals for amendments to the constitution were put to voters, but both were rejected.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [40, 40], "content_span": [41, 230]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076414-0001-0000", "contents": "1958 Uruguayan constitutional referendum, Proposals\nProposal 1 was put forward by the Ruralista/Herrerista faction of the National Party through the General Assembly, and proposed a presidential system of government, separating the presidential and parliamentary elections, and abolishing the lema system.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [42, 51], "content_span": [52, 305]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076414-0002-0000", "contents": "1958 Uruguayan constitutional referendum, Proposals\nProposal 2 was put forward by the Civic Union through a popular initiative, and proposed introducing a presidential system of government.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [42, 51], "content_span": [52, 189]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076415-0000-0000", "contents": "1958 Uruguayan general election\nGeneral elections were held in Uruguay on 30 November 1958, alongside a constitutional referendum. Following the end of a schism between the National Party and the Independent National Party, the National Party received almost half the vote, winning a majority of seats in the National Council of Government, the Chamber of Deputies and the Senate, and allowing it to lead the government for the first time since 1865.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [31, 31], "content_span": [32, 450]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076416-0000-0000", "contents": "1958 Utah Redskins football team\nThe 1958 Utah Redskins football team represented the University of Utah during the 1958 NCAA University Division football season. Home games were played on campus in Salt Lake City at Ute Stadium.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [32, 32], "content_span": [33, 229]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076416-0001-0000", "contents": "1958 Utah Redskins football team\nUnder first-year head coach Ray Nagel, the Redskins were 4\u20137 overall and 3\u20133 in the Mountain States Conference (Skyline). The defending conference champions, they were led on the field by senior quarterback Lee Grosscup and junior safety (& halfback) Larry Wilson, a future member of the Pro Football Hall of Fame.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [32, 32], "content_span": [33, 347]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076416-0002-0000", "contents": "1958 Utah Redskins football team, NFL draft\nUtah had one player selected in the 1959 NFL Draft.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 43], "content_span": [44, 95]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076417-0000-0000", "contents": "1958 Utah State Aggies football team\nThe 1958 Utah State Aggies football team was an American football team that represented Utah State University in the Skyline Conference during the 1958 NCAA University Division football season. In their fourth season under head coach Ev Faunce, the Aggies compiled a 3\u20137 record (2\u20135 against Skyline opponents), tied for sixth in the Skyline Conference, and were outscored by opponents by a total of 188 to 123.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [36, 36], "content_span": [37, 447]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076418-0000-0000", "contents": "1958 VFA season\nThe 1958 Victorian Football Association season was the 77th season of the Australian rules football competition. The premiership was won by the Williamstown Football Club, after it defeated Moorabbin in the grand final replay on 4 October by 32 points. It was Williamstown's ninth premiership, drawing it level with Footscray for the most premierships won in VFA history, and it was the fourth of five premierships won in six seasons between 1954 and 1959.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 15], "section_span": [15, 15], "content_span": [16, 472]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076418-0001-0000", "contents": "1958 VFA season, Association Membership\nThe 1958 season marked the beginning of the expansion of the Association from fourteen clubs to twenty clubs. The Association had been planning for a scheme to expand into the fastest developing outer suburbs since as early as 1946, when it was still playing under and trying to promote the throw-pass rules.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 15], "section_span": [17, 39], "content_span": [40, 348]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076418-0001-0001", "contents": "1958 VFA season, Association Membership\nThis current plan was made public in 1956, when the Association announced its intention to expand to twenty teams, proposing a vision which focused on expansion further into the outer suburbs of greater Melbourne \u2013 Dandenong to the south-east, Heidelberg or Greensborough to the north-east, Sunshine to the west and Frankston to the south \u2013 as well as a proposed expansion into the regional markets of Ballarat and Bendigo.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 15], "section_span": [17, 39], "content_span": [40, 463]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076418-0002-0000", "contents": "1958 VFA season, Association Membership\nBetween 1958 and 1966, a total of seven new clubs \u2013 Dandenong, Frankston, Mordialloc, Sunshine, Waverley and Werribee from greater Melbourne and Geelong West from regional Victoria \u2013 joined the Association, as well as Caulfield (in the form of a merger with Brighton); and with the departure of Moorabbin in 1964, this brought the number of clubs to twenty.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 15], "section_span": [17, 39], "content_span": [40, 397]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076418-0003-0000", "contents": "1958 VFA season, Association Membership\nIn 1958, the first two new clubs of this expansion joined the Association to bring numbers to sixteen: Mordialloc and Dandenong, both switching from the Federal District League. Mordialloc announced in August 1957 that it had accepted the Association's invitation, and revealed that it had been approached to join at short notice for the 1957 season, but had declined. Dandenong voted to accept its invitation in September 1957, although only by a small 53\u201349 majority. The Federal District League, which was not consulted prior to the Association extending the invitations to its teams and had lost Moorabbin the same way in 1951, was unhappy with the \"back-door methods\" that the Association had taken.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 15], "section_span": [17, 39], "content_span": [40, 744]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076418-0004-0000", "contents": "1958 VFA season, Association Membership\nPart of the Association's plans to expand to twenty clubs was the partitioning of the Association into two divisions of ten teams. The Association ultimately split into a first division and a second division with promotion and relegation between them from 1961; but, the other alternative considered attempted to reduce the travel burden between outlying suburbs by partitioning the Association into northern and southern divisions, with the winner of each division to contest the Association-wide premiership at the end of the season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 15], "section_span": [17, 39], "content_span": [40, 575]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076418-0004-0001", "contents": "1958 VFA season, Association Membership\nTo trial the geographic division structure, the clubs were divided into northern and southern sections in the 1958 fixture, and clubs were drawn to play other clubs in their own section twice and clubs from the other section only once; but, the final results were compiled into a single ladder and a single finals series.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 15], "section_span": [17, 39], "content_span": [40, 361]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076418-0005-0000", "contents": "1958 VFA season, Association Membership\nThe Camberwell Football Club, which was struggling due to poor support, had considered withdrawing from the Association prior to the start of the season, but decided to remain. Northcote and Brighton both operated as amateur clubs throughout the season, and Preston became amateur after June 11, abandoning its \u00a34/10/\u2013 match payments.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 15], "section_span": [17, 39], "content_span": [40, 374]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076418-0006-0000", "contents": "1958 VFA season, Premiership\nThe home-and-home season was played over only eighteen matches, a reduction from the twenty matches played in previous years. No matches were held for the two weekends of the Interstate Carnival, which was held in Melbourne. The top four clubs then contested a finals series under the Page\u2013McIntyre system to determine the premiers for the season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 15], "section_span": [17, 28], "content_span": [29, 376]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076418-0007-0000", "contents": "1958 VFA season, Notable events, Interstate Carnival\nThe Association fielded its representative team in the 1958 Melbourne Carnival, competing in Section 1. The team was captained by Camberwell's Ken Ross.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 15], "section_span": [17, 52], "content_span": [53, 205]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076418-0008-0000", "contents": "1958 VFA season, Notable events, Interstate Carnival\nThe Association finished last with a record of 1\u20133 and a poorer percentage than South Australia; the Association's final match of the carnival was against the then-winless South Australia, but South Australia's large win was enough to consign the Association to last place. As a result, the Association was relegated directly to Section 2 for the following carnival.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 15], "section_span": [17, 52], "content_span": [53, 419]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076418-0009-0000", "contents": "1958 VFA season, Notable events, Interstate Carnival\nBarry Metcalfe (Mordialloc) was named in the All-Australian team on the wing; he was the only Association player named in the team.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 15], "section_span": [17, 52], "content_span": [53, 184]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076419-0000-0000", "contents": "1958 VFL Grand Final\nThe 1958 VFL Grand Final was an Australian rules football game contested between the Melbourne Football Club and Collingwood Football Club, held at the Melbourne Cricket Ground on 20 September 1958. It was the 62nd annual grand final of the Victorian Football League, staged to determine the premiers for the 1958 VFL season. The match, attended by 97,956 spectators, was won by Collingwood by 18 points, marking that club's 13th premiership victory.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [20, 20], "content_span": [21, 471]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076419-0001-0000", "contents": "1958 VFL Grand Final\nThis was Melbourne's fifth successive grand final appearance. The Demons had won the previous three premierships and were looking to equal Collingwood's 1927\u20131930 record (which still stands) of four consecutive premierships. Collingwood would not win another Grand Final for 32 years, despite numerous appearances, until 1990.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [20, 20], "content_span": [21, 347]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076419-0002-0000", "contents": "1958 VFL Grand Final, A \"Great Comeback\": Implications and tactics\nThe Collingwood Magpies\u2019 unexpected victory did not end the Melbourne Demons\u2019 long domination of the VFL finals, but it did preserve the Magpies cherished record of four consecutive premierships. It has been remembered, and studied, as a notable case of an underdog team overcoming multiple disadvantages, while ignoring much of the tactical advice it was offered by sports journalists and others.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [22, 66], "content_span": [67, 464]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076419-0003-0000", "contents": "1958 VFL Grand Final, A \"Great Comeback\": Implications and tactics\nThe Melbourne Age described the Magpies\u2019 victory as a \"Great Comeback\" which \"must go down not only as one of the most important in the illustrious history of their great club, but also as one of the best on record.\" The Collingwood Football Club's website claims that, \"while Melbourne was regarded as the near-perfect football team, Collingwood was regarded merely as a modest team of hard-workers\".", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [22, 66], "content_span": [67, 468]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076419-0004-0000", "contents": "1958 VFL Grand Final, A \"Great Comeback\": Implications and tactics\nRegarded by most as an ordinary team fuelled more by old-fashioned 'G and D' than by any innate football talent, embarrassingly thrashed by Melbourne in the 2nd semi final, missing both their skipper Frank Tuck and arguably their most talented player in Bill Twomey, the Magpies entered the 1958 grand final as the longest odds outsiders for years.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [22, 66], "content_span": [67, 415]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076419-0005-0000", "contents": "1958 VFL Grand Final, A \"Great Comeback\": Implications and tactics\nThe 1958 finals contest between Melbourne and the Magpies in fact commenced a fortnight before the grand final, when these two teams met in the . The winner would move straight into the grand final. The loser would need to win a further \"preliminary final\" (against North Melbourne, the remaining team in contention) if it was to win its way back into the grand final.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [22, 66], "content_span": [67, 435]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076419-0006-0000", "contents": "1958 VFL Grand Final, A \"Great Comeback\": Implications and tactics\nMelbourne  had beaten Collingwood nine times in a row in finals games, and before the 'Pies beat North Melbourne in the preliminary final, they'd won just two of their last six matches. Melbourne hadn't lost to the 'Pies for more than three years, and that had been at Victoria Park. They had also won the last nine matches against them on the MCG. Melbourne also started with an almost full-strength line-up.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [22, 66], "content_span": [67, 476]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076419-0007-0000", "contents": "1958 VFL Grand Final, A \"Great Comeback\": Implications and tactics\nThe odds against Collingwood lengthened after Melbourne won the Second Semi-Final by a crushing 45 points. The Magpies were subsequently much criticised, and ridiculed, for being uncompetitive. Collingwood's pacey first rover Thorold Merrett had relished the big ground, but the team as a whole had not. The Melbourne Herald\u2019s chief football writer Alf Brown joked that by half-time Collingwood's only hope was \u201cto phone up the old Merrett homestead and ask for seventeen more, just like little Thorold\u201d.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [22, 66], "content_span": [67, 571]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076419-0008-0000", "contents": "1958 VFL Grand Final, A \"Great Comeback\": Implications and tactics\nThe Melbourne Age in its  on the Semi-Final said that Collingwood \"thoroughly deserved to lose\", and described how \"a strong united Melbourne defence simply smothered a pathetically weak Collingwood attack\", which \"lacked pace on the big ground\". It said the Magpies were short on \"skill and ability\", and that, while Collingwood's defenders were not disgraced, the \"lumbering top-heavy Collingwood attack took a thrashing\". Summing up the game's lessons, it stated, \"It was obvious that pace and cleverness, at the expense of marking power, must be introduced if Collingwood is going to play better. . . .", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [22, 66], "content_span": [67, 673]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076419-0008-0001", "contents": "1958 VFL Grand Final, A \"Great Comeback\": Implications and tactics\nRover Ken Bennett is slow.\" Collingwood had been reputed a short team, and the witticism \u201cCollingwood six-footer\u201d had come into use in the 1950s  for a supposedly tall  player who was in fact less than six feet (183 cm.) tall. Now, Beames implied, the selectors had gone too far in choosing taller but slower players.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [22, 66], "content_span": [67, 384]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076419-0009-0000", "contents": "1958 VFL Grand Final, A \"Great Comeback\": Implications and tactics\nThe next week a re-organised Magpies team, playing to what seemed a different game-plan, swept aside North Melbourne. However the football writers still gave the Magpies almost no chance of winning the grand final against Melbourne.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [22, 66], "content_span": [67, 299]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076419-0010-0000", "contents": "1958 VFL Grand Final, A \"Great Comeback\": Implications and tactics\nThe Magpies were handicapped by the loss through injuries of Frank Tuck, centre-half-back Ron Kingston, half-forward Brian Dorman, and centre-man Bill Twomey. Hence they were forced to take several unseasoned players, including four teenagers, into the often-gladiatorial world of a VFL grand final. The newcomers included the 19 year-old future Collingwood hall-of-fame member Kevin Rose, and the 20 year-old future interstate centre-man, John Henderson, playing their fifth and seventh games respectively. However more effective on the day were the somewhat more experienced tyros: Brian Beers, Graeme Fellowes, Ken Bennett, and also Ron Reeves, whose pace and anticipation in the back pocket made it difficult in the last quarter for Melbourne to chase down Collingwood's lead.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [22, 66], "content_span": [67, 847]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076419-0011-0000", "contents": "1958 VFL Grand Final, A \"Great Comeback\": Implications and tactics\nOne of Collingwood's main assets had been  what the historian (and passionate Carlton supporter) Manning Clark later called ; but, as mentioned, both Kingston and Tuck missed the grand final. Against that, Melbourne's coach Norm Smith was adept at devising ways to counter opposing champions. Collingwood's reliance on younger players, whose talents (and wet-weather skills) were less well known to him, may have made Smith's match-plans less precise than usual.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [22, 66], "content_span": [67, 529]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076419-0012-0000", "contents": "1958 VFL Grand Final, Home ground advantage\nIn those days each team had its own ground. However the Melbourne Cricket Ground was by far the most suitable venue in Victoria  for accommodating finals crowds, which could exceed 100,000 persons. Hence the Melbourne Demons, as was usual in that era, enjoyed home-ground advantage throughout the finals. The  playing area was an exceptionally broad oval, and visiting teams needed to adjust their style of play and their team balance to its wider spaces. The playing surface was variable in wet weather.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [22, 43], "content_span": [44, 548]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076419-0012-0001", "contents": "1958 VFL Grand Final, Home ground advantage\nThe cricket pitches in the centre sometimes became a \"glue-pot\", whereas elsewhere the ground might be firm enough for skilled players to baulk and maneuver almost as if on a dry ground. Match-practice on this ground was limited, since a team would play only one or at most two finals matches before reaching the grand final.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [22, 43], "content_span": [44, 369]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076419-0013-0000", "contents": "1958 VFL Grand Final, Home ground advantage\nThe Melbourne forwards were skilled at positioning themselves so as to leave open spaces into which one or other of them could \"lead\" to mark the ball unopposed; and they were skilled at choosing the right moment to do this when the ball was being kicked towards them. Other teams that tried to do the same might find that their skills and timing, which they had honed on much smaller grounds, were not right for the Melbourne Cricket Ground; and they might be left looking slow and unskilled. However, Melbourne's home-ground advantage might be expected to diminish as the finals went on; and Collingwood's loss in the semi-final meant they had the experience of a second finals match on this ground before reaching the grand final.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [22, 43], "content_span": [44, 777]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076419-0014-0000", "contents": "1958 VFL Grand Final, Magpies\u2019 coaching strategy and defiance of media analysis\nMuch of the media criticism centred on the Magpies\u2019 supposed lack of leg-speed, and particularly on their diminutive 18-year-old second rover Ken Bennett. Thus the Melbourne Age\u2019s football writer Percy Beames, in a preview article in the Age on the morning of the grand final titled ,  anticipated that, \"The slow roving of Ken Bennett could show up badly against the speed of [Melbourne's] Frank Adams.\"", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [22, 79], "content_span": [80, 484]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076419-0015-0000", "contents": "1958 VFL Grand Final, Magpies\u2019 coaching strategy and defiance of media analysis\nThe Magpies\u2019 coach and selectors did not follow this advice. They stuck with Bennett, a skilled wet-weather player, throughout the finals; and in the grand final, which was played on a wet and in parts muddy ground, he proved a match winner. They also brought in, for the Preliminary Final  and the grand final, a slow-moving but extremely tall ruckman Graeme Fellowes, who helped neutralise the height-advantage  of Melbourne's very tall ruckman Bob Johnson, and put great pressure upon Melbourne's unusual tactic of playing only two tall ruckmen (plus two \"ruck rovers\").", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [22, 79], "content_span": [80, 653]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076419-0015-0001", "contents": "1958 VFL Grand Final, Magpies\u2019 coaching strategy and defiance of media analysis\nThis in turn put pressure on Melbourne's forward line. Their full-forward  Athol Webb was fast but only 180\u00a0cm tall. To compete for high marks near goal Melbourne relied heavily on their hard-worked 198\u00a0cm ruckman Bob Johnson, who \"rested\" from the ruck in the forward pocket. In the grandfinal Johnson while \"resting\" was opposed by another famous ruckman, Collingwood's Ray Gabelich, and he scored only one goal.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [22, 79], "content_span": [80, 494]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076419-0016-0000", "contents": "1958 VFL Grand Final, Magpies\u2019 coaching strategy and defiance of media analysis\nDespite their lack of experienced players, Collingwood made a bold decision to omit their champion Back Pocket player Lerrel Sharp, whose skills had been rewarded three times with interstate selection. Sharp seemed an ideal opponent for Melbourne's rovers Ian Ridley and Frank 'Bluey' Adams, both of whom were proven goal-kickers, when these were \u201cresting\u201d in Melbourne's Forward Pocket. However, earlier that season he had been injured and was replaced by a younger player Ron Reeves, whose form was so good that Sharp did not regain his place. In the Grand Final Melbourne tested out Reeves.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [22, 79], "content_span": [80, 673]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076419-0016-0001", "contents": "1958 VFL Grand Final, Magpies\u2019 coaching strategy and defiance of media analysis\nAware that their Full-Forward Athol Webb might be out-marked, they sometimes directed their kicks instead to a marking contest between Reeves and the resting rover. They knew from the Second Semi-final that Reeves was, for his size, an excellent high-mark in dry weather. Yet the spinning torpedo punt kick, which was used in those days in wet weather, was both difficult to mark and unpredictable in flight. If the inexperienced defender lost his nerve and allowed many of these  to spill to ground, the Melbourne rovers were likely to score heavily.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [22, 79], "content_span": [80, 631]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076419-0017-0000", "contents": "1958 VFL Grand Final, Magpies\u2019 coaching strategy and defiance of media analysis\nThere was debate about the tactics the Magpies used to curb the creativity and strength of Melbourne's great play-maker and ball-distributor Ron Barassi. Barassi was classed as a ruck rover, meaning that he was significantly taller and heavier than (though almost as agile as) the smallish rovers whose task it was to collect the ball from the ground after the ruckmen knocked it down. Barassi, according to his ,  was \"revered as one of the most feared enforcers in the VFL\"; and the Collingwood rovers Bennett and Thorold Merrett, both very lightly-built, seemed vulnerable against him.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [22, 79], "content_span": [80, 668]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076419-0018-0000", "contents": "1958 VFL Grand Final, Magpies\u2019 coaching strategy and defiance of media analysis\nThe Magpies\u2019 coach Phonse Kyne had Barassi closely followed (and confronted) by Barry Harrison, a player who was, in turn, significantly taller than Barassi (188\u00a0cm tall, versus 179\u00a0cm). Percy Beames, in the same preview of the grand final, remarked that this tactic had proved quite effective in the Second Semi-Final but warned it would not succeed a second time: \"Barassi  can do a lot better than in the last game, more so, now that he has had the experience and knows what to expect from the \u2018shadowing\u2019 tactics of Harrison.\" In fact the Magpies stuck with this tactic, which proved equally effective in the grand final.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [22, 79], "content_span": [80, 705]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076419-0019-0000", "contents": "1958 VFL Grand Final, Magpies\u2019 coaching strategy and defiance of media analysis\nCollingwood came closer to following Beames's advice in their choice of wingmen. These were important on the broad Melbourne Cricket Ground. They were usually small, agile players who excelled in foot-speed, not in high marking. But Melbourne had a champion wingman Brian Dixon who was quite tall. Hence Melbourne sometimes found an avenue to goal by kicking the ball high towards Dixon, who would out-mark a smaller opponent. Collingwood, however, also had a tall champion wingman in Ken Turner (who, like Dixon, represented Victoria several times at interstate level).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [22, 79], "content_span": [80, 650]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076419-0019-0001", "contents": "1958 VFL Grand Final, Magpies\u2019 coaching strategy and defiance of media analysis\nIn the Second Semi-Final Collingwood had sought a comprehensive height advantage by playing the tall defender Mike Delanty (185 cm) on one wing; but in the grand final they played Delanty at Centre-Half-Back, improving team balance. Turner played on the same wing as Dixon, and prevailed, collecting 21 kicks and (despite the wet ball) 10 marks.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [22, 79], "content_span": [80, 425]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076419-0020-0000", "contents": "1958 VFL Grand Final, Magpies\u2019 coaching strategy and defiance of media analysis\nContrary to several warnings that Collingwood would be exposed for lack of pace on the big ground, by the third quarter of the grand final the Ampol commentator noted that their players, \"were gaining the upper hand. They were faster, and playing in front of their men.\"", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [22, 79], "content_span": [80, 350]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076419-0021-0000", "contents": "1958 VFL Grand Final, Magpies\u2019 coaching strategy and defiance of media analysis\nAt half time Collingwood were 2 points ahead, but after a third quarter in which their acting captain Murray Weideman temporarily got the better of Melbourne's champion Centre-Half-Back Don Williams,  Collingwood led by five and a half goals. Ironically, two of the most dangerous forwards, Melbourne's wily Geoff Tunbridge and Collingwood's Bill Serong were being kept goal-less, having been matched with top defenders.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [22, 79], "content_span": [80, 500]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076419-0021-0001", "contents": "1958 VFL Grand Final, Magpies\u2019 coaching strategy and defiance of media analysis\nAt the three-quarter-time break Collingwood's Coach Phonse Kyne was heard shouting to his players that Melbourne would come back hard at them, and imploring,  Collingwood's best remaining half-back Peter Lucas and Melbourne's brilliant first-rover Ian Ridley were both injured, and replaced. In the final quarter, Melbourne attacked repeatedly, while keeping Collingwood goal-less; but theycould make up only two and a half goals of the deficit, losing by an even three goals.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [22, 79], "content_span": [80, 556]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076419-0022-0000", "contents": "1958 VFL Grand Final, Criticism of Magpies\u2019 tactics\nFootball writers  Percy Beames in the Age and Alf Brown in the Herald  agreed that the Magpies\u2019 \"vigor\", although expected, disconcerted some of the Melbourne players, either by intimidating them or by sucking them into retaliating rather than concentrating on football. (Both Harrison and Barassi were reported by the umpire on one count each of rough conduct; though neither was subsequently penalised by the VFL tribunal.)", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [22, 51], "content_span": [52, 477]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076419-0023-0000", "contents": "1958 VFL Grand Final, Criticism of Magpies\u2019 tactics\nMany Melbourne supporters were galled by the unexpected defeat, and blamed either the umpire or unfair tactics by the Magpies. However the Melbourne coach Norm Smith, though privately distraught, was magnanimous in defeat. He entered the Collingwood rooms after the match and congratulated them, his speech beginning: \"I hate you bastards! But, by God, I admire you.\" According to the Melbourne Age, Smith told the Magpies \"We have no regrets. On the day you were by far the better side\"; and he also told Melbourne supporters not to blame the umpire who \"had nothing to do with it\".", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [22, 51], "content_span": [52, 635]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076419-0024-0000", "contents": "1958 VFL Grand Final, Media analysis, post-match\nThe deciding factor  . . . was something that Melbourne simply could not match on the day\u2014the fierce desire of Collingwood's players to win Saturday's honor for their club. . . Regardless of danger, they hurled themselves recklessly into packs; fiercely blocked or met any Melbourne player attempting to break away, shepherded, backed up, lifted each other with encouragement . . . The lesson from the match is that it is what a team gives all over the field that counts\u2014not just brilliance in a few positions. Collingwood had evenness, and received near maximum value from almost all players.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [22, 48], "content_span": [49, 642]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076419-0025-0000", "contents": "1958 VFL Grand Final, Media analysis, post-match\nBeames praised the maligned Ken Bennett for restoring Collingwood's self-belief, after Melbourne had raced to a three-goal lead by quarter time. \"Two clever goals in as many minutes by Bennett, who battled his way courageously through the Melbourne defence, were the spark that set the Magpies aflame.\"", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [22, 48], "content_span": [49, 351]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076419-0026-0000", "contents": "1958 VFL Grand Final, Media analysis, post-match\nVictory would have lifted them straight into the grand final, and would have deluded selectors into believing in, and sticking to, that badly arranged semi-final side  . . . Match-winning moves that followed that semi-final defeat would not have been made. . . . Out of that semi-final loss Collingwood gained the strength, both in team composition and in tactical application, to rise from a very ordinary side to a premiership combination.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [22, 48], "content_span": [49, 490]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076419-0027-0000", "contents": "1958 VFL Grand Final, Media analysis, post-match\nThe Age  the best players as, for COLLINGWOOD: Merrett, Fellowes, K. Turner, Delanty, Reeves, Bennett; and for MELBOURNE:   Mithen, Williams, Thorogood, R. Johnson, Marquis, Brenchley.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [22, 48], "content_span": [49, 233]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076419-0028-0000", "contents": "1958 VFL Grand Final, Media analysis, post-match\nGoal-kicking analysis shows that each team scored 6 goals through its rucks and rovers, but only one of Melbourne's four permanent forwards, Peter Brenchley, scored a goal; whereas three out of Collingwood's four permanent forwards scored two goals each. Collingwood's \"lumbering, top-heavy\" forward line had proved on the day more potent than Melbourne's.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [22, 48], "content_span": [49, 405]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076419-0029-0000", "contents": "1958 VFL Grand Final, Media analysis, post-match\nFootage of highlights of the 1958 grand final survives in two ten-minute compilations,  (being parts of the final quarter with commentary by Tony Charlton), and   that was distributed by the publicity department of Ampol. The latter's commentator remarks that, \u201cPer head of population the Australian Rules game in Melbourne draws greater crowds than any other game in the world.\u201d", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [22, 48], "content_span": [49, 428]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076420-0000-0000", "contents": "1958 VFL season\nThe 1958 Victorian Football League season was the 62nd season of the elite Australian rules football competition.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 15], "section_span": [15, 15], "content_span": [16, 129]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076420-0001-0000", "contents": "1958 VFL season, Premiership season\nIn 1958, the VFL competition consisted of twelve teams of 18 on-the-field players each, plus two substitute players, known as the 19th man and the 20th man. A player could be substituted for any reason; however, once substituted, a player could not return to the field of play under any circumstances.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 15], "section_span": [17, 35], "content_span": [36, 337]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076420-0002-0000", "contents": "1958 VFL season, Premiership season\nTeams played each other in a home-and-away season of 18 rounds; matches 12 to 18 were the \"home-and-way reverse\" of matches 1 to 7.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 15], "section_span": [17, 35], "content_span": [36, 167]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076420-0003-0000", "contents": "1958 VFL season, Premiership season\nOnce the 18 round home-and-away season had finished, the 1958 VFL Premiers were determined by the specific format and conventions of the Page\u2013McIntyre system.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 15], "section_span": [17, 35], "content_span": [36, 194]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076420-0004-0000", "contents": "1958 VFL season, Consolation Night Series Competition\nThe night series were held under the floodlights at Lake Oval, South Melbourne, for the teams (5th to 12th on ladder) out of the finals at the end of the season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 15], "section_span": [17, 53], "content_span": [54, 215]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076421-0000-0000", "contents": "1958 VMI Keydets football team\nThe 1958 VMI Keydets football team represented the Virginia Military Institute during the 1958 NCAA University Division football season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [30, 30], "content_span": [31, 167]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076422-0000-0000", "contents": "1958 VPI Gobblers football team\nThe 1958 VPI Gobblers football team represented the Virginia Polytechnic Institute in the 1958 NCAA University Division football season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [31, 31], "content_span": [32, 168]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076422-0001-0000", "contents": "1958 VPI Gobblers football team, Players\nThe following players were members of the 1958 football team according to the roster published in the 1959 edition of The Bugle, the Virginia Tech yearbook.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 40], "content_span": [41, 197]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076423-0000-0000", "contents": "1958 Vanderbilt Commodores football team\nThe 1958 Vanderbilt Commodores football team represented Vanderbilt University in the 1958 NCAA University Division football season. The Commodores were led by head coach Art Guepe in his sixth season and finished the season with a record of five wins, two losses and three ties (5\u20132\u20133 overall, 2\u20131\u20133 in the SEC).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [40, 40], "content_span": [41, 354]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076424-0000-0000", "contents": "1958 Venezuelan Primera Divisi\u00f3n season\nThe 1958 season of the Venezuelan Primera Divisi\u00f3n, the top category of Venezuelan football, was played by 5 teams. The national champions were Portugu\u00e9s.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [39, 39], "content_span": [40, 194]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076425-0000-0000", "contents": "1958 Venezuelan coup d'\u00e9tat\nThe 1958 Venezuelan coup d'\u00e9tat took place on 23 January 1958, when the dictator Marcos P\u00e9rez Jim\u00e9nez was overthrown.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [27, 27], "content_span": [28, 145]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076425-0001-0000", "contents": "1958 Venezuelan coup d'\u00e9tat\nA transition government under first Adm. Wolfgang Larraz\u00e1bal and then Edgar Sanabria was put in place until December 1958 elections saw Democratic Action candidate R\u00f3mulo Betancourt elected and take office on 13 February 1959.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [27, 27], "content_span": [28, 254]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076425-0002-0000", "contents": "1958 Venezuelan coup d'\u00e9tat\nOne of Caracas' neighbourhoods, Barrio 23 de Enero (23 January neighbourhood), is named for the event.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [27, 27], "content_span": [28, 130]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076425-0003-0000", "contents": "1958 Venezuelan coup d'\u00e9tat, Events, Background\nIn December 1957 there was a referendum to extend the mandate of P\u00e9rez Jim\u00e9nez to solidify his regime and legitimize the armed forces.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 47], "content_span": [48, 182]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076425-0004-0000", "contents": "1958 Venezuelan coup d'\u00e9tat, Events, Background\nThe closest precedent for the coup occurred on New Year's Day, 1 January 1958, when Venezuelan Air Force fighter planes soared into the sky over waking Caracas. The shock was tremendous, even for the supporters of the government, after the recent referendum.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 47], "content_span": [48, 306]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076425-0005-0000", "contents": "1958 Venezuelan coup d'\u00e9tat, Events, Background\nThe causes that led to the fall of P\u00e9rez Jim\u00e9nez were twofold. Firstly, the military crisis, originating from the above event on 1 January 1958, disrupted the absolute power that until then had belonged to the National Armed Forces. A crisis occurred in the leadership of both the Air Force Base in Boca de R\u00edo, near the city of Maracay, and the 1st Armored Battalion commanded by Lt. Col . Hugo Trejo of the Army. Secondly, the coup was caused by the political crisis within the government itself from the breakdown and fragmentation caused by the December 1957 plebiscite resulted in two successive cabinet changes on 10 and 13 January 1958.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 47], "content_span": [48, 691]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076425-0006-0000", "contents": "1958 Venezuelan coup d'\u00e9tat, Events, Background\nSince the events of 1 January, the P\u00e9rez Jim\u00e9nez government had begun to publish various manifestos against shaky government that were signed by men and women representing different fields of economic activity, professional, cultural and public, as well as pronouncements of national institutions such as the College of Engineering, the Venezuelan Association of Journalists, labor federations and business sectors, which, until then, had not openly expressed their rejection of the dictatorship. All street actions against the regime peaked in the general strike on 21 January, mobilized by the union of the various political parties, along with students, business leaders and the poor and working class residents of the capital.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 47], "content_span": [48, 778]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076425-0007-0000", "contents": "1958 Venezuelan coup d'\u00e9tat, Events, Popular unrest\nThe first open demonstration against the regime occurred on 27 March 1957, at a performance of Aaron Copland's Lincoln Portrait directed by the composer. Actress Juana Sujo read the text in Spanish translation in the presence of P\u00e9rez Jim\u00e9nez. Near the conclusion, as Sujo quoted from the Gettysburg Address, the audience cheered her and began shouting against the president so vociferously that Copland could not hear the music. An American foreign service officer told Copland that his Lincoln Portrait as read by Sujo had, in effect, started the revolution.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 51], "content_span": [52, 612]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076425-0008-0000", "contents": "1958 Venezuelan coup d'\u00e9tat, Events, Coup actions\nIn the early hours of 23 January, despite having the support of an important sector of the Armed Forces, P\u00e9rez Jim\u00e9nez decided to abandon the Miraflores Palace and move to La Carlota Airport, located in the city of Caracas, to embark upon a plane to the Dominican Republic. At news of the overthrow, the people took to the streets, looting the houses of the regime's supporters, attacking the headquarters of the National Security and lynching officials.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 49], "content_span": [50, 504]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076425-0009-0000", "contents": "1958 Venezuelan coup d'\u00e9tat, Events, Coup actions\nAlso destroyed was the headquarters of the government newspaper El Heraldo. Moreover, in a few hours the Miraflores Palace became the meeting place of the rebels and many political leaders, who proceeded to appoint a Provisional Government Junta that replaced the ousted regime. The Board constituted Adm. Wolfgang Larraz\u00e1bal, Commanding General of the Navy, as president along with Cols. Luis Carlos Araque, Pedro Jos\u00e9 Quevedo, Roberto Casanova and Abel Romero Villate. At dawn of 23 January, Venezuelans celebrated the fall of P\u00e9rez Jim\u00e9nez, while protesting the presence of the Governing Board perejimenismo members including Romero Casanova Villate, who eventually were forced to resign and were later replaced on 24 January by businessmen Eugenio Mendoza and Blas Lamberti.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 49], "content_span": [50, 828]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076425-0010-0000", "contents": "1958 Venezuelan coup d'\u00e9tat, Aftermath\nTo facilitate the work of the Governing Board and the restoration of democracy in Venezuela, a caretaker cabinet was established, composed of lawyers, businessmen and executives and Col. Jes\u00fas Mar\u00eda Castro Le\u00f3n of the Ministry of Defence. Subsequently, the Governing Board called elections for December of that year, released political prisoners across the country, expanding the Patriotic Council with representatives of independent sectors, appointing journalist Fabricio Ojeda as chair. It also began the process of punishing returning Jimenista exiles.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 38], "content_span": [39, 595]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076426-0000-0000", "contents": "1958 Venezuelan general election\nGeneral elections were held in Venezuela on 7 December 1958. The presidential elections were won by R\u00f3mulo Betancourt of Democratic Action, who received 49.2% of the vote, whilst his party won 73 of the 132 seats in the Chamber of Deputies and 32 of the 51 seats in the Senate. Voter turnout was 93.4% in the presidential election and 92.1% in the Congressional elections.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [32, 32], "content_span": [33, 405]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076426-0001-0000", "contents": "1958 Venezuelan general election\nThe Soviet Union covertly supported Wolfgang Larraz\u00e1bal in the elections.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [32, 32], "content_span": [33, 106]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076427-0000-0000", "contents": "1958 Vermont Catamounts football team\nThe 1958 Vermont Catamounts football team was an American football team that represented  the University of Vermont in the Yankee Conference during the 1958 NCAA College Division football season. In their seventh year under head coach J. Edward Donnelly, the team compiled a 2\u20134\u20131 record.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [37, 37], "content_span": [38, 326]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076428-0000-0000", "contents": "1958 Vermont gubernatorial election\nThe 1958 Vermont gubernatorial election took place on November 4, 1958. Incumbent Republican Joseph B. Johnson did not run for re-election to a third term as Governor of Vermont. Republican candidate Robert Stafford defeated Democratic candidate Bernard J. Leddy to succeed him.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [35, 35], "content_span": [36, 314]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076429-0000-0000", "contents": "1958 Victorian Legislative Council election\nElections were held in the Australian state of Victoria on Saturday 21 June 1958 to elect 17 of the 34 members of the state's Legislative Council for six year terms. MLCs were elected in single-member provinces using preferential voting. This was the last time Legislative Council elections were held separately to those of the Legislative Assembly.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 43], "section_span": [43, 43], "content_span": [44, 393]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076429-0001-0000", "contents": "1958 Victorian Legislative Council election, Results, Legislative Council\nVictorian Legislative Council election, 21 June 1958Legislative Council << 1955\u20131961 >>", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 43], "section_span": [45, 73], "content_span": [74, 161]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076429-0002-0000", "contents": "1958 Victorian Legislative Council election, Candidates\nSitting members are shown in bold text. Successful candidates are highlighted in the relevant colour. Where there is possible confusion, an asterisk (*) is also used.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 43], "section_span": [45, 55], "content_span": [56, 222]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076430-0000-0000", "contents": "1958 Victorian Tourist Trophy\nThe 1958 Victorian Tourist Trophy was a motor race staged at the Albert Park Circuit in Victoria, Australia on 23 November 1958. It was restricted to open or closed Sports Cars complying with CAMS Appendix C regulations. The race was contested over 32 laps of the 3.125 mile circuit, a total distance of approximately 100 miles.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [29, 29], "content_span": [30, 358]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076430-0001-0000", "contents": "1958 Victorian Tourist Trophy\nThe race was won by Doug Whiteford driving a Maserati 300S.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [29, 29], "content_span": [30, 89]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076431-0000-0000", "contents": "1958 Victorian state election\nElections were held in the Australian state of Victoria on Saturday 31 May 1958 to elect the 66 members of the state's Legislative Assembly. This was the last time Assembly elections were held separately from those for the Legislative Council.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [29, 29], "content_span": [30, 273]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076431-0001-0000", "contents": "1958 Victorian state election\nThe Liberal and Country Party (LCP) government of Premier Henry Bolte won a second term in office.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [29, 29], "content_span": [30, 128]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076431-0002-0000", "contents": "1958 Victorian state election, Results, Legislative Assembly\nVictorian state election, 31 May 1958Legislative Assembly << 1955\u20131961 >>", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 60], "content_span": [61, 134]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076431-0003-0000", "contents": "1958 Victorian state election, Seats changing party representation\nThere was a redistribution across Victoria prior to this election. The seat changes are as follows.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 66], "content_span": [67, 166]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076432-0000-0000", "contents": "1958 Villanova Wildcats football team\nThe 1958 Villanova Wildcats football team represented the Villanova University during the 1958 NCAA University Division football season. The head coach was Frank Reagan, coaching his fifth season with the Wildcats. The team played their home games at Villanova Stadium in Villanova, Pennsylvania.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [37, 37], "content_span": [38, 334]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076433-0000-0000", "contents": "1958 Virginia Cavaliers football team\nThe 1958 Virginia Cavaliers football team represented the University of Virginia during the 1958 NCAA University Division football season. The Cavaliers were led by first-year head coach Dick Voris and played their home games at Scott Stadium in Charlottesville, Virginia. They competed as members of the Atlantic Coast Conference, finishing in last place.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [37, 37], "content_span": [38, 394]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076434-0000-0000", "contents": "1958 Virginia state highway renumbering\nIn March 1958, the Commonwealth of Virginia renumbered four of its state highways as the Interstate Renumbering of 1958 in order to avoid duplication with the new Interstate Highway System.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [39, 39], "content_span": [40, 229]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076435-0000-0000", "contents": "1958 Volta a Catalunya\nThe 1958 Volta a Catalunya was the 38th edition of the Volta a Catalunya cycle race and was held from 7 September to 14 September 1958. The race started in Montju\u00efc and finished in Barcelona. The race was won by Richard Van Genechten.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [22, 22], "content_span": [23, 257]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076436-0000-0000", "contents": "1958 Vuelta a Espa\u00f1a\nThe 13th Vuelta a Espa\u00f1a (Tour of Spain), a long-distance bicycle stage race and one of the three grand tours, was held from 30 April to 15 May 1958. It consisted of 16 stages covering a total of 3,241.8\u00a0km (2,014.4\u00a0mi), and was won by Jean Stablinski. Salvador Botella won the points classification and Federico Bahamontes won the mountains classification.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [20, 20], "content_span": [21, 378]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076437-0000-0000", "contents": "1958 WANFL season\nThe 1958 WANFL season was the 74th season of senior football in Perth, Western Australia.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [17, 17], "content_span": [18, 107]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076438-0000-0000", "contents": "1958 Wake Forest Demon Deacons football team\nThe 1958 Wake Forest Demon Deacons football team was an American football team that represented Wake Forest University during the 1958 NCAA University Division football season. In their third season under head coach Paul Amen, the Demon Deacons compiled a 3\u20137 record and finished in sixth place in the Atlantic Coast Conference.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [44, 44], "content_span": [45, 373]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076439-0000-0000", "contents": "1958 Washington Huskies football team\nThe 1958 Washington Huskies football team was an American football team that represented the University of Washington during the 1958 NCAA University Division football season. In its second season under head coach Jim Owens, the team compiled a 3\u20137 record, eighth in the Pacific Coast Conference, and was outscored 146\u00a0to\u00a0102.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [37, 37], "content_span": [38, 364]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076439-0001-0000", "contents": "1958 Washington Huskies football team, NFL Draft selections\nFour University of Washington Huskies were selected in the 1959 NFL Draft, which lasted thirty rounds with 360 selections.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [39, 59], "content_span": [60, 182]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076440-0000-0000", "contents": "1958 Washington Redskins season\nThe 1958 Washington Redskins season was the franchise's 27th season in the National Football League. The team failed to improve on their 5\u20136\u20131 record from 1957 and finished 4-7-1.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [31, 31], "content_span": [32, 211]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076440-0001-0000", "contents": "1958 Washington Redskins season, Schedule, Standings\nNote: Tie games were not officially counted in the standings until 1972.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 52], "content_span": [53, 125]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076440-0002-0000", "contents": "1958 Washington Redskins season, Schedule, Standings\nThis article relating to a Washington Football Team season is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by .", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 52], "content_span": [53, 150]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076441-0000-0000", "contents": "1958 Washington Senators season\nThe 1958 Washington Senators won 61 games, lost 93, and finished in eighth place in the American League, 31 games behind the New York Yankees. They were managed by Cookie Lavagetto and played home games at Griffith Stadium.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [31, 31], "content_span": [32, 255]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076441-0001-0000", "contents": "1958 Washington Senators season, Player stats, Batting, Starters by position\nNote: Pos = Position; G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 76], "content_span": [77, 201]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076441-0002-0000", "contents": "1958 Washington Senators season, Player stats, Batting, Other batters\nNote: G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 69], "content_span": [70, 178]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076441-0003-0000", "contents": "1958 Washington Senators season, Player stats, Pitching, Starting pitchers\nNote: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 74], "content_span": [75, 185]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076441-0004-0000", "contents": "1958 Washington Senators season, Player stats, Pitching, Other pitchers\nNote: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 71], "content_span": [72, 182]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076441-0005-0000", "contents": "1958 Washington Senators season, Player stats, Pitching, Relief pitchers\nNote: G = Games pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; SV = Saves; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 72], "content_span": [73, 173]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076442-0000-0000", "contents": "1958 Washington State Cougars football team\nThe 1958 Washington State Cougars football team was an American football team that represented Washington State College in the Pacific Coast Conference (PCC) during the 1958 NCAA University Division football season. In\u00a0their third season under head coach Jim Sutherland, the Cougars compiled a 7\u20133 record and outscored their opponents 199\u00a0to\u00a0117. In\u00a0the final year of the PCC, Washington State was 6\u20132 in league play, runner-up to\u00a0California.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 43], "section_span": [43, 43], "content_span": [44, 486]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076442-0001-0000", "contents": "1958 Washington State Cougars football team\nThe Cougars' statistical leaders included Dave Wilson with 641 passing yards, Chuck\u00a0Morrell with 571 rushing yards, and\u00a0Gail\u00a0Cogdill with 479 receiving yards.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 43], "section_span": [43, 43], "content_span": [44, 202]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076442-0002-0000", "contents": "1958 Washington State Cougars football team\nHopeful for a bowl game bid (Sugar, Gator), a waiver from the other PCC members was required, as the conference allowed only the Rose Bowl bid. USC and UCLA voted against it, ending the Cougars' season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 43], "section_span": [43, 43], "content_span": [44, 246]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076442-0003-0000", "contents": "1958 Washington State Cougars football team, NFL Draft\nOne Cougar was selected in the 1959 NFL Draft, which was thirty rounds (360 selections).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 43], "section_span": [45, 54], "content_span": [55, 143]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076443-0000-0000", "contents": "1958 Waterford Senior Hurling Championship\nThe 1958 Waterford Senior Hurling Championship was the 58th staging of the Waterford Senior Hurling Championship since its establishment by the Waterford County Board in 1897.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 42], "section_span": [42, 42], "content_span": [43, 218]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076443-0001-0000", "contents": "1958 Waterford Senior Hurling Championship\nOn 28 September 1958, Mount Sion won the championship after a 6-10 to 1-08 defeat of Faughs in the final. This was their 14th championship title overall and their sixth title in succession.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 42], "section_span": [42, 42], "content_span": [43, 232]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076444-0000-0000", "contents": "1958 West Berlin state election\nThe election to the Berlin House of Representatives in 1958 took place on December 7, 1958 and took place during an acute political crisis in Berlin. Khrushchev's ultimatum was made just ten days before the election date, and the threat from Soviet forces in the east was felt very strongly.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [31, 31], "content_span": [32, 323]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076444-0001-0000", "contents": "1958 West Berlin state election\nThe top candidate of the SPD was the new mayor, Willy Brandt, the successor of the deceased former SPD mayor, Otto Suhr. Brandt himself had an immense personal popularity, which was primarily due to his resolute behaviour towards the Soviet occupying power.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [31, 31], "content_span": [32, 289]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076444-0002-0000", "contents": "1958 West Berlin state election\nThe SPD recorded a vote increase of 8.0 percent points and a final score of 52.6%, the absolute majority of the votes cast. Their coalition partners, the CDU under Franz Amrehn also achieved a considerable increase in votes of 7.3 percentage points and a score of 37.7% of the vote.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [31, 31], "content_span": [32, 314]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076444-0003-0000", "contents": "1958 West Berlin state election\nThe only opposition party in West Berlin, the FDP collapsed from 12.8% to 3.8% leaving just the SPD and CDU represented in parliament. Due to the critical situation the city was facing, Brandt opted to continue the coalition with the CDU. The continuing of this grand coalition meant that for the five years until the next election a parliamentary opposition did not exist in West Berlin.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [31, 31], "content_span": [32, 420]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076445-0000-0000", "contents": "1958 West Indies federal elections\nFederal elections were held in the West Indies Federation for the first and only time on 25 March 1958. The result was a victory for the West Indies Federal Labour Party, which won 25 of the 45 seats in the House of Representatives.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [34, 34], "content_span": [35, 267]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076445-0001-0000", "contents": "1958 West Indies federal elections, Electoral system\nCandidates were nominated on 28 February in all unit territories except Trinidad and Tobago, where candidates were nominated on 3 March.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [36, 52], "content_span": [53, 189]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076445-0002-0000", "contents": "1958 West Indies federal elections, Electoral system\nThe elections were held in a mix of single- and multi-member constituencies. In all territories except Jamaica and Trinidad and Tobago, the constituency covered the entire territory; Antigua and Barbuda elected two, Barbados five, Dominica two, Grenada two, Montserrat one, St Kitts-Nevis-Anguilla two, St Lucia two and St Vincent and the Grenadines two.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [36, 52], "content_span": [53, 407]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076445-0003-0000", "contents": "1958 West Indies federal elections, Electoral system\nJamaica had 17 constituencies based on the 14 parishes and three counties (which overlapped the parishes), meaning voters elected representatives from two levels. In Trinidad and Tobago, the ten seats were based on the counties, some of which were single-member (Tobago and Caroni) and some of which were multi-member (Saint George). In some cases counties were merged to form a single-member constituency (such as the Eastern Counties).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [36, 52], "content_span": [53, 490]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076445-0004-0000", "contents": "1958 West Indies federal elections, Campaign\nIn preparation for the elections, two Federation-wide parties were organised as confederations of local political parties. Both were organised by Jamaican politicians: the West Indies Federal Labour Party by Norman Manley, and the Democratic Labour Party, by Alexander Bustamante. In broad terms, the WIFLP consisted of the urban-based parties throughout the Federation, while the DLP consisted of the rural-based parties. A small third party, the Federal Democratic Party, was founded in November 1957 by a group of Trinidadians.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [36, 44], "content_span": [45, 575]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076445-0005-0000", "contents": "1958 West Indies federal elections, Campaign\nThe platforms for the two major parties were similar in many respects. Both advocated maintaining and strengthening ties with the United Kingdom, United States, and Canada (countries with which the islands had strong cultural and economic links); encouraging and expanding tourism; working to bring British Guiana and British Honduras into the Federation and to obtain loans, financial aid, and technical assistance. Despite these similarities, there were differences. The WIFLP had advocated the encouragement of agriculture while the DLP had promised a climate favourable to both private industry and labour, development of human and economic resources.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [36, 44], "content_span": [45, 700]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076445-0005-0001", "contents": "1958 West Indies federal elections, Campaign\nThe WIFLP promised to encourage the Bahamas (in addition to British Guiana and British Honduras) to join the Federation, whereas the DLP did not. The WIFLP also campaigned to establish a central bank for the extension of credit resources and advocated a democratic socialist society and full internal self-government for all the unit territories, whilst avoiding the issues of freedom of movement and a customs union. The DLP said nothing about full internal self-government, attacked socialism, wished to avoid high taxation (via loans and technical aid) and emphasized West Indian unity, freedom of worship and speech and encouragement of trade unions.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [36, 44], "content_span": [45, 699]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076445-0006-0000", "contents": "1958 West Indies federal elections, Results\nThe WIFLP won the election with 25 seats and was supported by the Barbados National Party, which won 1 seat; the DLP won 19 seats. The bulk of the WIFLP seats came from the smaller islands, and the DLP won in Jamaica and Trinidad and Tobago.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [36, 43], "content_span": [44, 285]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076445-0007-0000", "contents": "1958 West Indies federal elections, Aftermath, Government Formation\nFollowing the elections, Grantley Herbert Adams of the WIFLP became Prime Minister following a 23\u201321 vote in the House (the Grenada members, while allied with WIFLP, supported the DLP). However, his selection was indicative of the problems the Federation would face; The expected leader of the WIFLP was Norman Manley, Premier of Jamaica, and the next logical choice was Eric Williams, Premier of Trinidad and Tobago. However, neither had contested the federal elections, preferring to remain in control of their respective island power bases, and were not eligible.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [36, 67], "content_span": [68, 634]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076445-0007-0001", "contents": "1958 West Indies federal elections, Aftermath, Government Formation\nThis suggested that the leaders of the two most important provinces did not see the federation as viable. Similarly, Alexander Bustamante, the Jamaican founder of the DLP, also declined to contest the federal election, leaving the party leadership to the Trinidadian Ashford Sinanan. The absence of the leading Jamaican politicians from any role at the federal level was to undermine the federation's unity.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [36, 67], "content_span": [68, 475]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076445-0008-0000", "contents": "1958 West Indies federal elections, Aftermath, Senate selection\nThe Senate was appointed in April 1958, shortly before the opening of Parliament. In a controversial move, Governor-General Lord Hailes consulted the opposition DLP groups in Trinidad and Jamaica and appointed one DLP nominee senator from each of those territories, resulting in 15 WIFLP senators and 4 DLP senators overall. Lord Hailes did this having taken account of the fact that St. Vincent was the only unit territory with a DLP government and that as a result the federal senate was going to be overwhelmingly pro WIFLP.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [36, 63], "content_span": [64, 591]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076446-0000-0000", "contents": "1958 West Virginia Mountaineers football team\nThe 1958 West Virginia Mountaineers football team represented West Virginia University during the 1958 NCAA University Division football season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 45], "section_span": [45, 45], "content_span": [46, 190]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076447-0000-0000", "contents": "1958 Western Australian Legislative Council election\nElections were held in the Australian state of Western Australia on 10 May 1958 to elect 10 of the 30 members of the state's Legislative Council.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 52], "section_span": [52, 52], "content_span": [53, 198]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076448-0000-0000", "contents": "1958 Western Michigan Broncos baseball team\nThe 1958 Western Michigan Broncos baseball team represented Western Michigan University in the 1958 NCAA University Division baseball season. The Broncos played their home games at Hyames Field. The team was coached by Charlie Maher in his 20th year at Western Michigan.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 43], "section_span": [43, 43], "content_span": [44, 314]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076448-0001-0000", "contents": "1958 Western Michigan Broncos baseball team\nThe Broncos won the District IV playoff to advanced to the College World Series, where they were defeated by the Missouri Tigers.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 43], "section_span": [43, 43], "content_span": [44, 173]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076449-0000-0000", "contents": "1958 Western Michigan Broncos football team\nThe 1958 Western Michigan Broncos football team represented Western Michigan University in the Mid-American Conference (MAC) during the 1958 NCAA University Division football season. In their second season under head coach Merle Schlosser, the Broncos compiled a 4\u20135 record (2\u20134 against MAC opponents), finished in fifth place in the MAC, and were outscored by their opponents, 200 to 188. The team played its home games at Waldo Stadium in Kalamazoo, Michigan.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 43], "section_span": [43, 43], "content_span": [44, 505]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076449-0001-0000", "contents": "1958 Western Michigan Broncos football team\nGuard Jack Krueger and center Jim Eger were the team captains. Fullback Lovell Coleman received the team's most outstanding player award. Coleman rushed for 1,068 yards in the 1958, including a school record 279 yards against Central Michigan.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 43], "section_span": [43, 43], "content_span": [44, 287]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076450-0000-0000", "contents": "1958 Weston-super-Mare by-election\nThe 1958 Weston-super-Mare by-election was held on 12 June 1958. It was held after the Conservative MP, Sir Ian Leslie Orr-Ewing died. The seat was retained by the Conservative candidate David Webster.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [34, 34], "content_span": [35, 236]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076451-0000-0000", "contents": "1958 Wichita Shockers football team\nThe 1958 Wichita Shockers football team, sometimes known as the Wheatshockers, was an American football team that represented Wichita  University (now known as Wichita State University) as a member of the Missouri Valley Conference during the 1958 NCAA University Division football season. In its second season under head coach Woody Woodard, the team compiled a 4\u20135\u20131 record (1\u20132\u20131 against conference opponents), finished in last place out of five teams in the MVC, and was outscored by a total of 200 to 148. The team played its home games at Veterans Field, now known as Cessna Stadium.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [35, 35], "content_span": [36, 625]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076452-0000-0000", "contents": "1958 Wigan by-election\nThe Wigan by-election of 12 June 1958 was held after the death of the incumbent Labour MP (MP) Ronald Williams.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [22, 22], "content_span": [23, 134]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076452-0001-0000", "contents": "1958 Wigan by-election\nThe by-election was contested by three candidates: Alan Fitch (Labour), John Hodgson (Conservative), and Michael Weaver (Communist).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [22, 22], "content_span": [23, 155]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076452-0002-0000", "contents": "1958 Wigan by-election\nThe result was a hold for the Labour Party, with Fitch gaining 71% of the vote on a 6.2% swing from the Conservative Party.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [22, 22], "content_span": [23, 146]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076453-0000-0000", "contents": "1958 Wightman Cup\nThe 1958 Wightman Cup was the 30th edition of the annual women's team tennis competition between the United States and Great Britain. It was held at the All England Lawn Tennis and Croquet Club in London in England in the United Kingdom.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [17, 17], "content_span": [18, 255]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076454-0000-0000", "contents": "1958 Wilkes 160\nThe 1958 Wilkes 160 was a NASCAR Grand National Series event that was held on October 19, 1958, at North Wilkesboro Speedway in North Wilkesboro, North Carolina.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 15], "section_span": [15, 15], "content_span": [16, 177]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076454-0001-0000", "contents": "1958 Wilkes 160\nThe race car drivers still had to commute to the races using the same stock cars that competed in a typical weekend's race through a policy of homologation (and under their own power). This policy was in effect until roughly 1975. By 1980, NASCAR had completely stopped tracking the year model of all the vehicles and most teams did not take stock cars to the track under their own power anymore.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 15], "section_span": [15, 15], "content_span": [16, 412]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076454-0002-0000", "contents": "1958 Wilkes 160, Background\nNorth Wilkesboro carried a reputation as one of the fastest short-tracks in auto racing in the late 1940s and 1950s. In 1950, speeds reached 73\u00a0mph at the track, compared to the next fastest short-track, Charlotte Speedway, where top speeds only reached 66\u00a0mph. Most of the fans in the early years of the sport saw the track as notorious for being a great venue to watch races between the legendary racers of the time. Racing at North Wilkesboro was intense and physical.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 15], "section_span": [17, 27], "content_span": [28, 499]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076454-0003-0000", "contents": "1958 Wilkes 160, Background\nThe 1950 Wilkes 200 was the second Grand National Series race held at North Wilkesboro Speedway. Twenty-six cars entered the race. Twenty-one-year-old Fireball Roberts qualified with a lap speed of 73.266\u00a0mph on the dirt track for his first ever Grand National pole, but engine problems dropped him out of the running. Fonty Flock started in the third position and led the most laps in the race with 104, but engine troubles also ended his day. Ultimately, Leon Sales led eight of the 200 laps to become the victor,  the fourth NASCAR driver to win an event in his debut race. Jack Smith finished second after leading 55 laps in the race.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 15], "section_span": [17, 27], "content_span": [28, 666]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076454-0004-0000", "contents": "1958 Wilkes 160, Background\nAfter hosting only one NASCAR event in 1949 and one in 1950, the track began running two Grand National Series events per year in 1951 (with the exception of 1956, when only one race was held; the track was being prepared for pavement). One race was held in the spring, normally in late March or early April, and another was held in the fall, normally in late September or early October. In 1957, owner Enoch Stanley had the 5/8-mile track paved.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 15], "section_span": [17, 27], "content_span": [28, 474]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076454-0005-0000", "contents": "1958 Wilkes 160, Background\nThe Wilkes 200 in 1952 turned into a battle between brothers. Two sets of brothers competed in the race, and they took the top four spots at the finish. The Flock Brothers (Fonty Flock and Tim Flock) were strong, but the Thomas brothers (Herb Thomas and Donald Thomas) had the better outcome. Herb Thomas, driving his 1952 \"Fabulous\" Hudson Hornet, won the pole, led 192 of the 200 laps, and grabbed the victory. Fonty Flock led the first eight laps and finished the race second. Donald Thomas, also in a 1952 \"Fabulous\" Hudson Hornet, finished third, and Tim Flock finished fourth. Eleven of the 27 cars entered in the race finished. Six of the top nine positions were driving Hudson Hornets.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 15], "section_span": [17, 27], "content_span": [28, 721]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076454-0006-0000", "contents": "1958 Wilkes 160, Background\nHerb Thomas started on the pole for the 1953 Wilkes 200 with his record-setting qualifying speed of 78.424\u00a0mph on the dirt surface. Outside pole sitter Tim Flock led the first 100 laps before experiencing engine problems. Curtis Turner took the lead on Lap 101 and continued the lead until his car also succumbed to engine troubles nine laps later. Thomas in his Number 92 Hudson Hornet only lead 18 laps in the race but ended the race by taking his third consecutive win at North Wilkesboro. Starting from the third spot, Dick Rathmann led 70 laps and finished behind Herb Thomas. Fonty Flock managed to work his way up from the fourth starting position to the front and led three laps before dropping back and finishing third.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 15], "section_span": [17, 27], "content_span": [28, 756]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076454-0007-0000", "contents": "1958 Wilkes 160, Background\nPole sitter Buck Baker ran 78.288\u00a0mph to gap the pole for the 1953 Wilkes 160. Baker ran strong and led the most laps in the race with 80 out front before falling back into sixth position at the finish. Speedy Thompson led 25 laps, and Fonty Flock led 37. Curtis Turner led a total of 18 laps. At the end of the race, Thompson finished two laps ahead of second-place Flock. Thompson's win ended Herb Thomas and his Hudson Hornet's three-race winning streak at North Wilkesboro.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 15], "section_span": [17, 27], "content_span": [28, 505]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076454-0008-0000", "contents": "1958 Wilkes 160, Background\nAt the 1954 Wilkes County 160, Gober Sosebee won the pole with a lap speed of 78.698\u00a0mph. Sosebee led a race-high 112 laps but finished in 12th position, eight laps down. The only other leader was Dick Rathmann, who led 48 laps. Rathmann blew a tire while leading, with three laps to go, and still managed to finish and win the race. Herb Thomas finished some 20 seconds behind in second place.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 15], "section_span": [17, 27], "content_span": [28, 422]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076454-0009-0000", "contents": "1958 Wilkes 160, Background\nIn the 1954 Wilkes 160, Hershel McGriff won the pole with a qualifying speed of 77.612\u00a0mph. He and Dick Rathman were the only leaders of the race; McGriff led 74 laps, and Rathman led 83. The race was called three laps early because of a serious crash involving Lou Figaro; his car flipped, and the roof caved in. Figaro was transported to a hospital in Winston-Salem, but he died the following day from a skull fracture and brain damage suffered in the crash. McGriff was declared the winner. It was his final victory and his last Grand National race for 17 years.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 15], "section_span": [17, 27], "content_span": [28, 593]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076454-0010-0000", "contents": "1958 Wilkes 160, Background\nDink Widenhouse won his only career Grand National Series pole at the 1955 Wilkes County 160. Engine problems, however, landed Widenhouse out of the race. Outside pole sitter Buck Baker led all 160 laps, but by the last lap Dick Rathmann was glued to Baker's bumper, still charging. Rathmann's final charge off of Turn Four came up three feet short of stealing the victory. It was the closest finish in series history up to that time. Local native Junior Johnson ran in his first Grand National race at North Wilkesboro.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 15], "section_span": [17, 27], "content_span": [28, 548]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076454-0011-0000", "contents": "1958 Wilkes 160, Background\nIn 1956, the Wilkes County 160 was the only Grand National Series race of the season, and it was the last race on dirt at North Wilkesboro. Junior Johnson's 1956 Pontiac started from the pole and led the first 17 laps before engine problems sidelined him. Outside pole qualifier Speedy Thompson took over the lead from there until fuel line problems on Lap 114 forced him out of the race. Tim Flock led the final 46 laps, earning his first win at North Wilkesboro. After the race, Flock announced to Carl Kiekhafer that this would be the last time he would drive one of Kiekhafer's cars. Billy Myers was the runner-up.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 15], "section_span": [17, 27], "content_span": [28, 646]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076454-0012-0000", "contents": "1958 Wilkes 160, Background\nThe Wilkes County 160 in 1957 was dominated by the Pete DePaolo Fords. DePaolo entered five 1957 Fords in the race, and they all finished in the top six positions. Fireball Roberts put his DePaolo Ford on the pole with a qualifying speed of 81.5\u00a0mph. It was the first time the pole sitter had a speed over 80\u00a0mph. Roberts was the only driver to lead during the race, leading all 160 laps. Roberts won the race without making a single pit stop. DePaolo's other drivers were second-place finisher Paul Goldsmith, third place Ralph Moody, fourth place Marvin Panch, and sixth place Allen Adkins. Buck Baker's was the only non-Depaolo car in the top six. He finished in fifth place.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 15], "section_span": [17, 27], "content_span": [28, 706]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076454-0013-0000", "contents": "1958 Wilkes 160, Background\nThe Wilkes 160 of 1957 was Junior Johnson's first race after spending 11 months in jail for his moonshining activities. It was also his only start of the 1957 Grand National Series season. Fireball Roberts won the pole with a lap speed of 81.64\u00a0mph. Jack Smith passed Banjo Matthews with ten laps to go, holding off Lee Petty for the victory. Tragedy struck on Lap 47 when Tiny Lund's axle snapped. One of the wheels broke loose, hitting spectators. One spectator was injured, and another, William R. Thomasson, was killed.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 15], "section_span": [17, 27], "content_span": [28, 551]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076454-0014-0000", "contents": "1958 Wilkes 160, Background\nThe NASCAR Convertible Series ran two races at North Wilkesboro. In 1957, Ken Rush won the pole and led the first 21 laps before Glen Wood took the lead for the next 42 laps. Paul Goldsmith took the lead on Lap 64 and led the rest of the 160-lap race.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 15], "section_span": [17, 27], "content_span": [28, 279]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076454-0015-0000", "contents": "1958 Wilkes 160, Summary\nJunior Johnson managed to defeat Glen Wood and 23 other American-born drivers after more than an hour (160 laps) of racing action. Wood would end up qualifying for the pole position with a then-rapid speed of 86.805 miles per hour (139.699\u00a0km/h). Clarence DeZalia ran out of gas while Barney Shore finished in last place on the 26th lap due to a problem with his radiator.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 15], "section_span": [17, 24], "content_span": [25, 397]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076454-0016-0000", "contents": "1958 Wilkes 160, Summary\nWhile the winner earned $800 in total prize winnings ($7,176.01 when adjusted for inflation), the last-place finisher walked away with a meager $50 paycheck ($448.5 when adjusted for inflation). Officials at North Wilkesboro Speedway approved a grand total of $3,885 in monetary winnings to be given out at this event ($34,848.49 when adjusted for inflation). Notable crew chiefs for this race include Clyde Holder, William Coble and Jess Potter.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 15], "section_span": [17, 24], "content_span": [25, 471]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076454-0017-0000", "contents": "1958 Wilkes 160, Summary\nMost of the car owners for this race were individuals who had the money and the knowledge to guide their chosen drivers through a typical season of NASCAR Grand National Series racing. Petty Enterprises, Holman Moody and Wood Brothers Racing were the three multi-car teams that would go on to be successful in NASCAR during the subsequent decades.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 15], "section_span": [17, 24], "content_span": [25, 372]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076454-0018-0000", "contents": "1958 Wilkes 160, Summary\nRichard Petty would never race using the #2 ever again after this race; he would eventually race in a single-digit number again by 1986. Every number that Richard would have from the remainder of 1958 to 1986 would be a variation on his father's No. 42.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 15], "section_span": [17, 24], "content_span": [25, 278]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076455-0000-0000", "contents": "1958 William & Mary Indians football team\nThe 1958 William & Mary Indians football team represented William & Mary during the 1958 NCAA University Division football season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 41], "section_span": [41, 41], "content_span": [42, 172]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076456-0000-0000", "contents": "1958 Wimbledon Championships\nThe 1958 Wimbledon Championships took place on the outdoor grass courts at the All England Lawn Tennis and Croquet Club in Wimbledon, London, United Kingdom. The tournament was held from Monday 23 June until Saturday 5 July 1958. It was the 73rd staging of the Wimbledon Championships, and the third Grand Slam tennis event of 1958. Ashley Cooper and Althea Gibson won the singles titles.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [28, 28], "content_span": [29, 417]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076456-0001-0000", "contents": "1958 Wimbledon Championships, Champions, Seniors, Men's Doubles\nSven Davidson /  Ulf Schmidt defeated  Ashley Cooper /  Neale Fraser, 6\u20134, 6\u20134, 8\u20136", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 63], "content_span": [64, 147]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076456-0002-0000", "contents": "1958 Wimbledon Championships, Champions, Seniors, Women's Doubles\nMaria Bueno /  Althea Gibson defeated  Margaret duPont /   Margaret Varner, 6\u20133, 7\u20135", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 65], "content_span": [66, 150]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076456-0003-0000", "contents": "1958 Wimbledon Championships, Champions, Seniors, Mixed Doubles\nRobert Howe /  Lorraine Coghlan defeated  Kurt Nielsen /  Althea Gibson, 6\u20133, 13\u201311", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 63], "content_span": [64, 147]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076457-0000-0000", "contents": "1958 Wimbledon Championships \u2013 Boys' Singles\nJimmy Tattersall was the defending champion, but lost to Premjit Lall in the semifinals.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [44, 44], "content_span": [45, 133]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076457-0001-0000", "contents": "1958 Wimbledon Championships \u2013 Boys' Singles\nButch Buchholz defeated Lall in the final, 6\u20131, 6\u20133 to win the Boys' Singles tennis title at the 1958 Wimbledon Championships.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [44, 44], "content_span": [45, 171]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076458-0000-0000", "contents": "1958 Wimbledon Championships \u2013 Girls' Singles\nSally Moore defeated Anna Dmitrieva in the final, 6\u20132, 6\u20134 to win the Girls' Singles tennis title at the 1958 Wimbledon Championships.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 45], "section_span": [45, 45], "content_span": [46, 180]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076459-0000-0000", "contents": "1958 Wimbledon Championships \u2013 Men's Doubles\nGardnar Mulloy and Budge Patty were the defending champions, but lost to Ramanathan Krishnan and Naresh Kumar in the third round.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [44, 44], "content_span": [45, 174]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076459-0001-0000", "contents": "1958 Wimbledon Championships \u2013 Men's Doubles\nSven Davidson and Ulf Schmidt defeated Ashley Cooper and Neale Fraser in the final, 6\u20134, 6\u20134, 8\u20136 to win the Gentlemen' Doubles tennis title at the 1958 Wimbledon Championship.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [44, 44], "content_span": [45, 221]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076459-0002-0000", "contents": "1958 Wimbledon Championships \u2013 Men's Doubles, Seeds\nClick on the seed number of a player to go to their draw section.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [46, 51], "content_span": [52, 117]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076460-0000-0000", "contents": "1958 Wimbledon Championships \u2013 Men's Singles\nAshley Cooper defeated Neale Fraser in the final, 3\u20136, 6\u20133, 6\u20134, 13\u201311 to win the Gentlemen's Singles tennis title at the 1958 Wimbledon Championships. Cooper had to play 332 games to win the title, the most of any male champion in the history of the tournament. Lew Hoad was the defending champion, but was ineligible to compete after turning professional.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [44, 44], "content_span": [45, 402]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076460-0001-0000", "contents": "1958 Wimbledon Championships \u2013 Men's Singles, Seeds\nClick on the seed number of a player to go to their draw section.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [46, 51], "content_span": [52, 117]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076461-0000-0000", "contents": "1958 Wimbledon Championships \u2013 Mixed Doubles\nMervyn Rose and Darlene Hard were the defending champions, but did not compete.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [44, 44], "content_span": [45, 124]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076461-0001-0000", "contents": "1958 Wimbledon Championships \u2013 Mixed Doubles\nBob Howe and Lorraine Coghlan defeated Kurt Nielsen and Althea Gibson in the final, 6\u20133, 13\u201311 to win the Mixed Doubles tennis title at the 1958 Wimbledon Championships.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [44, 44], "content_span": [45, 214]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076461-0002-0000", "contents": "1958 Wimbledon Championships \u2013 Mixed Doubles, Seeds\nClick on the seed number of a player to go to their draw section.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [46, 51], "content_span": [52, 117]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076462-0000-0000", "contents": "1958 Wimbledon Championships \u2013 Women's Doubles\nAlthea Gibson and Darlene Hard were the defending champions, but Hard did not compete. Gibson partnered with Maria Bueno, and they defeated Margaret duPont and Margaret Varner in the final, 6\u20133, 7\u20135 to win the Ladies' Doubles tennis title at the 1958 Wimbledon Championships.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 46], "section_span": [46, 46], "content_span": [47, 322]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076462-0001-0000", "contents": "1958 Wimbledon Championships \u2013 Women's Doubles, Seeds\nClick on the seed number of a player to go to their draw section.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 46], "section_span": [48, 53], "content_span": [54, 119]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076463-0000-0000", "contents": "1958 Wimbledon Championships \u2013 Women's Singles\nFirst-seeded Althea Gibson successfully defended her title, defeating Angela Mortimer in the final, 8\u20136, 6\u20132 to win the Ladies' Singles tennis title at the 1958 Wimbledon Championships.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 46], "section_span": [46, 46], "content_span": [47, 232]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076463-0001-0000", "contents": "1958 Wimbledon Championships \u2013 Women's Singles, Seeds\nClick on the seed number of a player to go to their draw section.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 46], "section_span": [48, 53], "content_span": [54, 119]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076464-0000-0000", "contents": "1958 Winnipeg Blue Bombers season\nThe 1958 Winnipeg Blue Bombers finished in 1st place in the WIFU division with a 13\u20133 record. In a rematch of the previous season's Grey Cup Final, the Blue Bombers defeated the Hamilton Tiger-Cats to win the 46th Grey Cup, and their first since 1941.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [33, 33], "content_span": [34, 285]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076465-0000-0000", "contents": "1958 Wisconsin Badgers football team\nThe 1958 Wisconsin Badgers football team represented the University of Wisconsin in the 1958 Big Ten Conference football season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [36, 36], "content_span": [37, 165]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076465-0001-0000", "contents": "1958 Wisconsin Badgers football team, Game summaries, Minnesota\nWisconsin completed their best Big Ten finish since 1952 in front of a Dad's Day crowd as their defense intercepted six passes, one short of their own conference record.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 63], "content_span": [64, 233]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076466-0000-0000", "contents": "1958 Wisconsin gubernatorial election\nThe 1958 Wisconsin gubernatorial election was held on November 4, 1958. Republican incumbent Vernon Wallace Thomson was defeated by Democratic nominee Gaylord Nelson with 53.59% of the vote.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [37, 37], "content_span": [38, 228]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076467-0000-0000", "contents": "1958 Women's British Open Squash Championship\nThe 1958 Ladies Open Championships was held at the Lansdowne Club in London from 17\u201323 February 1958. Janet Morgan won her ninth consecutive title defeating Sheila Macintosh (n\u00e9e Speight) for the third successive year in the final.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 45], "section_span": [45, 45], "content_span": [46, 277]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076468-0000-0000", "contents": "1958 Women's European Volleyball Championship\nThe 1958 Women's European Volleyball Championship was the fifth edition of the event, organised by Europe's governing volleyball body, the Conf\u00e9d\u00e9ration Europ\u00e9enne de Volleyball. It was hosted in Czechoslovakia from 30 August to 10 September 1958.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 45], "section_span": [45, 45], "content_span": [46, 293]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076468-0001-0000", "contents": "1958 Women's European Volleyball Championship, Format\nThe tournament was played in two different stages. In the first stage, the twelve participants were divided into four groups of three teams. In the second stage, two groups were formed, one containing the winners and runners-up from all first stage groups (eight teams in total) to contest the tournament title. A second group was formed by the last placed teams of first stage groups (four teams) which played for position places (9th to 12th). All groups in both stages played a single round-robin format.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 45], "section_span": [47, 53], "content_span": [54, 561]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076469-0000-0000", "contents": "1958 Women's Western Open\nThe 1958 Women's Western Open was contested from June 19\u201322 at Kahkwa Country Club located in Erie, Pennsylvania. It was the 29th edition of the Women's Western Open.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [25, 25], "content_span": [26, 192]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076470-0000-0000", "contents": "1958 World Archery Championships\nThe 1958 World Archery Championships was the 19th edition of the World Archery Championships. The event was held in Brussels, Belgium in July 1958 and was organised by World Archery Federation (FITA).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [32, 32], "content_span": [33, 233]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076471-0000-0000", "contents": "1958 World Artistic Gymnastics Championships\nThe 14th Artistic Gymnastics World Championships were held on July 6\u201310, 1958 in Moscow, the capital of the USSR.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [44, 44], "content_span": [45, 158]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076472-0000-0000", "contents": "1958 World Fencing Championships\nThe 1958 World Fencing Championships were held in Philadelphia, United States.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [32, 32], "content_span": [33, 111]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076473-0000-0000", "contents": "1958 World Figure Skating Championships\nThe World Figure Skating Championships is an annual figure skating competition sanctioned by the International Skating Union in which figure skaters compete for the title of World Champion.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [39, 39], "content_span": [40, 229]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076473-0001-0000", "contents": "1958 World Figure Skating Championships\nThe 1958 competitions for men, ladies, pair skating, and ice dancing took place from February 13 to 15 in Paris, France.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [39, 39], "content_span": [40, 160]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076473-0002-0000", "contents": "1958 World Figure Skating Championships\nIt was the first time that a team from the Soviet Union entered the competition.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [39, 39], "content_span": [40, 120]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076474-0000-0000", "contents": "1958 World Judo Championships\nThe 1958 World Judo Championships were the 2nd edition of the Men's World Judo Championships, and were held in Tokyo, Japan on 30 November, 1958.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [29, 29], "content_span": [30, 175]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076475-0000-0000", "contents": "1958 World Men's Handball Championship\nThe 1958 World Men's Handball Championship was the third team handball World Championship. It was held in the German Democratic Republic between 27 February and 8 March 1958. Germany sent a united team composed of players from the GDR and the FRG. Sweden won the championship.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [38, 38], "content_span": [39, 315]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076476-0000-0000", "contents": "1958 World Modern Pentathlon Championships\nThe 1958 World Modern Pentathlon Championships were held in Aldershot, Great Britain.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 42], "section_span": [42, 42], "content_span": [43, 128]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076477-0000-0000", "contents": "1958 World Series\nThe 1958 World Series was a rematch of the 1957 World Series. The New York Yankees defeated the defending champion Milwaukee Braves in seven games for their 18th title, and their seventh in 10 years. With that victory, the Yankees became only the second team in Major League Baseball history to come back from a 3\u20131 deficit to win a best-of-seven World Series; the first was the Pittsburgh Pirates in 1925. (The 1903 Boston Red Sox came back from a 3\u20131 deficit in a best-of-nine affair.) These teams would meet again in the fall classic 38 years later\u2014by that time, the Braves had moved to Atlanta. As of 2019, this is the most recent World Series featuring the two previous Series winning teams.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [17, 17], "content_span": [18, 714]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076477-0001-0000", "contents": "1958 World Series, Background\nThis was the first year New Yorkers had only one local team to root for; both the Giants and the Dodgers were now playing their home games more than 3,000 miles (4,800\u00a0km) away (in San Francisco and Los Angeles respectively). Both returnees to the Series had no problems repeating as league champions during the regular season. Milwaukee coasted to an eight-game lead over the Pittsburgh Pirates in the National League and the Yanks bested the Chicago White Sox by ten games in the American. With no pennant race in either league, managers Casey Stengel of the Yankees and Fred Haney of the Braves could rest their aces in preparation for an exciting repeat of the 1957 World Series.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 29], "content_span": [30, 713]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076477-0002-0000", "contents": "1958 World Series, Summary\nAL New York Yankees (4) vs. NL Milwaukee Braves (3)", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 26], "content_span": [27, 78]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076477-0003-0000", "contents": "1958 World Series, Matchups, Game 1\nCasey Stengel called on 14-game winner Whitey Ford (14\u20137, 2.01) to start Game 1. Although teammate Bob Turley had a better regular season record at 21\u20137, the experienced, perennial winning southpaw Ford had five post-season victories under his belt. Fred Haney countered with a lefty of his own, 22-game winner Warren Spahn.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 35], "content_span": [36, 360]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076477-0004-0000", "contents": "1958 World Series, Matchups, Game 1\nBill Skowron started the scoring with a home run in the top of the fourth inning, but the Braves came storming back with two of their own in the bottom of the frame. Hank Aaron walked and quickly took second on a Yogi Berra passed ball. When Joe Adcock grounded out to third, Aaron held second but advanced to third on Wes Covington's groundout. Then came three straight singles, Del Crandall to left scoring Aaron, Andy Pafko to center, and Warren Spahn to left-center scoring Crandall, to put the Braves up by one.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 35], "content_span": [36, 552]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076477-0005-0000", "contents": "1958 World Series, Matchups, Game 1\nIn the top of the fifth, Spahn retired Tony Kubek on a flyout to left but walked the opposing pitcher, Ford. Leadoff hitter Hank Bauer then deposited a Spahn fastball into the left-field bleachers to give the Yankees a 3\u20132 lead. Milwaukee would tie the game in the eighth on an Eddie Mathews walk, Aaron double and sac-fly by Wes Covington on a deep fly-out to Mickey Mantle in left-center.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 35], "content_span": [36, 426]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076477-0006-0000", "contents": "1958 World Series, Matchups, Game 1\nWith no runs in the ninth, extra-innings were played, the Yankees going down 1\u20132\u20133 with Spahn still on the hill for the Braves. Ryne Duren, who came into the game to pitch the eighth inning, took his turn at-bat in the 10th and grounded out to the pitcher. Aaron started the bottom of the 10th by striking out and was barely thrown out at first base by Yogi Berra on a dropped third strike. Adcock followed with a clean single to center but Covington made the second out on a fly-out to left. Crandall then singled up the middle, sending Adcock to second base. Bill Bruton, who came into the game pinch-hitting for Pafko in the ninth, lined a single into right-center, scoring Adcock with the game-winning run.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 35], "content_span": [36, 746]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076477-0007-0000", "contents": "1958 World Series, Matchups, Game 2\nLew Burdette (20\u201310, 2.91), who won three games in the 1957 World Series, took the mound for the Braves while the Yankees went with righty Bob Turley (21\u20137, 2.91), who won 20 games for the only time in his career during the regular season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 35], "content_span": [36, 275]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076477-0008-0000", "contents": "1958 World Series, Matchups, Game 2\nBurdette started shakily, giving up a leadoff single to Hank Bauer. Eddie Mathews fielded a grounder by Gil McDougald but threw wide to the first, putting runners on second and third. Mickey Mantle was intentionally walked, loading the bases for cleanup hitter Elston Howard. Howard's groundout forced Mantle at second while Bauer came in from third with the game's first run. Burdette got the next batter, Yogi Berra, to ground into an inning ending 4\u20136\u20133 double-play; Red Schoendienst, to Johnny Logan, to Frank Torre.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 35], "content_span": [36, 556]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076477-0009-0000", "contents": "1958 World Series, Matchups, Game 2\nA shakier Bob Turley would last only a third of an inning. The Braves lit up the scoreboard with seven first inning runs, sparked by a leadoff Bill Bruton home run; he had hit just three in the season. Schoendienst doubled to right, Hank Aaron walked and dependable Wes Covington singled home a run to right-center. Mid -season pickup Duke Maas relieved Turley to get Frank Torre to fly to right for the second out. Del Crandall walked, loading the bases, with Johnny Logan keeping up the onslaught with a two-run single.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 35], "content_span": [36, 557]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076477-0009-0001", "contents": "1958 World Series, Matchups, Game 2\nWith the score already 4\u20131, pitcher Burdette helped his own cause with a three-run homer that left-fielder Howard thought he had a bead on, only to crash into the fence. Burdette was just the sixth pitcher (to date) with a World Series home run. Norm Siebern was summoned to take over for Howard and Johnny Kucks came in to pitch to try to stop the bleeding. The tenth batter of the inning, Bruton, lined to short but the damage was done as the Braves were staked to a 7\u20131 lead.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 35], "content_span": [36, 514]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076477-0010-0000", "contents": "1958 World Series, Matchups, Game 2\nMilwaukee added to its lead in the second inning on another Covington single, this time scoring Eddie Mathews. Things would quiet down a little; Mickey Mantle's shot over the center-field fence in the fourth was the only other scoring until the seventh, when the Braves would score twice more and then thrice more in the eighth. The Yankees found some life in the top of the ninth, scoring three runs off a tiring Burdette.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 35], "content_span": [36, 459]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076477-0010-0001", "contents": "1958 World Series, Matchups, Game 2\nHank Bauer led off with a home run, followed by a Gil McDougald single to left and then Mantle's second homer of the game, into the left-center field bleachers made it 13\u20135. Burdette showed some tenacity by retiring Berra, Bill Skowron, and Bobby Richardson, in order, for the win and a 2\u20130 series lead.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 35], "content_span": [36, 339]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076477-0011-0000", "contents": "1958 World Series, Matchups, Game 3\nArriving at the Bronx for Games 3 through 5, the Yankees found themselves at home in hopes of their first win in this Series. Milwaukee was shut down on a finely pitched game by Don Larsen with a little help from reliever Ryne Duren.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 35], "content_span": [36, 269]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076477-0012-0000", "contents": "1958 World Series, Matchups, Game 3\nThe Yankees needed this win to stay within striking distance of the seemingly run-away Braves. Hank Bauer drove in all the Yankees' runs, going 3\u2013for\u20134 with four runs batted in and scoring once. Bauer singled in Norm Siebern and Gil McDougald in the fifth, to extend his Series hitting streak to 17 games, and then in the seventh hit a 400-foot (120\u00a0m) two-run homer into the left-field stands. Larsen went seven innings on a six-hitter, striking out eight with three walks. Duren closed the game for his first save, pitching two scoreless innings with three walks and a strikeout. Bob Rush pitched well for the Braves, but his loss helped the Yanks get back into the Series.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 35], "content_span": [36, 711]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076477-0013-0000", "contents": "1958 World Series, Matchups, Game 4\nWarren Spahn was at his much-needed best, winning Game 4 3\u20130 on a two-hit shutout over Yankee ace Whitey Ford. New York left-fielder Norm Siebern (playing for the injured Elston Howard), had trouble fielding with the afternoon sun blazing, losing fly balls in the sixth and eighth innings, accounting for two Milwaukee runs.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 35], "content_span": [36, 360]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076477-0014-0000", "contents": "1958 World Series, Matchups, Game 4\nIt was a much-heralded pitching duel until the top of the sixth when Red Schoendienst led off tripling into deep left-center, the ball slicing between \"The Mick\" in center and Siebern in left. Tony Kubek, who had 28 errors during the season, let a Johnny Logan grounder slip through his legs for an error, letting in the game's first run. In the seventh, Spahn blooped a single to score Andy Pafko, who had just doubled to right. In the eighth, Logan was credited with a ground-rule double when Siebern lost a fly-ball in the sun. Eddie Mathews followed with another double, scoring Logan with the game's final run.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 35], "content_span": [36, 651]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076477-0015-0000", "contents": "1958 World Series, Matchups, Game 5\nGame 2 starters, loser Bob Turley and winner Lew Burdette, returned with quite different results. Elston Howard also returned to take his spot in left field back from the ineffective Norm Siebern.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 35], "content_span": [36, 232]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076477-0016-0000", "contents": "1958 World Series, Matchups, Game 5\nThe game did not start out very promising for the Yankees as the first six batters were retired without much fanfare. The Braves didn't fare much better as a walk and a single by Schoendienst in the third was all they could muster. Second baseman Gil McDougald would open up the scoring in the bottom of the third with a home run into the screen next to the left-field foul pole. Turley kept cruising retiring the side in order in the fourth and fifth until his Yankee teammates opened the floodgates with a six-run sixth. Burdette could only get one out in the inning giving up five earned runs before being relieved by Juan Pizarro.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 35], "content_span": [36, 670]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076477-0017-0000", "contents": "1958 World Series, Matchups, Game 5\nHank Bauer would lead off with a single to left. After Jerry Lumpe struck out bunting a third strike foul, Mickey Mantle singled to left-center advancing Bauer to third. Yogi Berra doubled into the right-field corner scoring Bauer, Mantle stopping at third. Howard was intentionally passed loading the bases but Moose Skowron kept the rally going with a short single to right scoring just Mantle. Pizzaro relieved Burdette, who was responsible for all baserunners, and was greeted with a two-run scoring double into the Milwaukee bullpen by Gil McDougald.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 35], "content_span": [36, 591]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076477-0017-0001", "contents": "1958 World Series, Matchups, Game 5\nWith runners on second and third, Tony Kubek struck out but had to be thrown out by Del Crandall at first. Turley stayed in the game to hit and delivered a single to left scoring the sixth run, Skowron, and the seventh, McDougald. Hank Bauer was the third strikeout victim in the inning but six runs had crossed the plate. The Braves would put runners on in the seventh, eighth, and ninth innings but fail to score, giving the Yanks a 7\u20130 victory. Milwaukee still led 3\u20132 in the Series.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 35], "content_span": [36, 522]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076477-0018-0000", "contents": "1958 World Series, Matchups, Game 6\nMilwaukee needed a split of two games at home to repeat as champions, but manager Fred Haney acted liked his team had its back to the wall. Rather than start Spahn on three days' rest per his normal routine, the 37-year-old warhorse returned one day early. That also meant that Burdette would do the same if the series went to a seventh game. In the process, Haney bypassed veteran Bob Rush, who had an impressive 4-2 record and 1.81 earned run average in the final two months of the regular season and was effective again in Game 3, albeit in a loss.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 35], "content_span": [36, 587]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076477-0019-0000", "contents": "1958 World Series, Matchups, Game 6\nIn the top of the first, Spahn recorded two quick outs. Hank Bauer, who would be the Series' top hitter with a .323 batting average, four home runs and eight RBI, stepped to the plate and slammed his fourth homer into the left-field bleachers for an early 1\u20130 lead. The Braves answered with a run in the bottom of the inning on a Red Schoendienst single, a sacrifice bunt by Johnny Logan, and a run-scoring single to left by Hank Aaron. Spahn settled in and retired the Yankees without a hit in the second.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 35], "content_span": [36, 542]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076477-0020-0000", "contents": "1958 World Series, Matchups, Game 6\nAlso pitching on two days' rest, Ford quickly withered in the bottom of the second. After striking out Del Crandall, Wes Covington singled to center on a trap by center fielder Mickey Mantle. Andy Pafko singled to right, advancing Covington to third. Spahn singled to right-center, scoring Covington for a 2\u20131 lead. An exhausted Ford walked Schoendienst, loading the bases, and Casey Stengel had seen enough, motioning to the bullpen for reliever Art Ditmar.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 35], "content_span": [36, 494]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076477-0020-0001", "contents": "1958 World Series, Matchups, Game 6\nDitmar faced one batter, Logan, who flied out to Elston Howard, who in turn threw home with a perfect throw to Yogi Berra, doubling up Pafko trying to score on a sac-fly. The RBI single by Spahn would be the last run scored against Ford in the World Series for 33\u2154 innings.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 35], "content_span": [36, 309]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076477-0021-0000", "contents": "1958 World Series, Matchups, Game 6\nMilwaukee held on to the lead until the top of the sixth inning when the Yankees tied the score on a defensive replacement miscue. Bill Bruton had entered the game to play center for Pafko. After Mantle singled just over the reach of shortstop Logan's glove, Howard followed with single to center. Bruton fumbled the ball, allowing Mantle to reach third on the error. Berra hit a sacrifice fly to center, Mantle scoring after the catch, to tie the game at two.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 35], "content_span": [36, 496]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076477-0022-0000", "contents": "1958 World Series, Matchups, Game 6\nSpahn was still on the mound for the Braves going into the 10th, despite throwing 290 innings in the regular season and another 28 in the post-season to that point. Gil McDougald, who was having a fine series himself, led off by hitting a Spahn fastball over the left-field fence. Bauer almost went back-to-back but Bruton made the catch in deep center. Mantle grounded to second for the second out but Howard and Berra followed with singles, setting up runners on first and third. Haney called on Don McMahon to replace Spahn. Moose Skowron struck a single to right, scoring Howard for a two-run lead. Pitcher Ryne Duren stayed in the game to hit but struck out to end the inning.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 35], "content_span": [36, 717]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076477-0023-0000", "contents": "1958 World Series, Matchups, Game 6\nThe Braves made some noise in the bottom of the 10th, but it wasn't enough to overcome the Yankee lead. Logan, on first after a walk and with two outs, went to second on defensive indifference (not a stolen base). The ever-dependable Aaron singled to left, scoring Logan, and the Braves were within one run of tying the game. Joe Adcock then singled, sending Aaron to third. Bob Turley came in to relieve Duren and Felix Mantilla pinch-ran for Adcock. With two on and two outs, Frank Torre, pinch-hitting for Del Crandall, lined out to McDougald at the very edge of the outfield grass to end the game and force Game 7.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 35], "content_span": [36, 654]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076477-0024-0000", "contents": "1958 World Series, Matchups, Game 7\nFor the fourth straight year, the World Series went the distance. Yankee manager Casey Stengel again chose Don Larsen to start Game 7. Larsen had only lasted 2\u2153 innings starting Game 7 in the 1957 World Series and once again lasted 2\u2153 innings in 1958. Braves right-hander Lew Burdette, who pitched a complete game win in Game 2 but gave up six runs in a Game 5 loss, started for the third time in the series.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 35], "content_span": [36, 444]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076477-0025-0000", "contents": "1958 World Series, Matchups, Game 7\nThe Yankees failed to score in the first while the Braves tallied a single run on some lack of control by Larsen. Red Schoendienst led off with a single to left, Bill Bruton walked and Frank Torre sacrificed up both runners, Jerry Lumpe to Gil McDougald, who was covering first base. Hank Aaron walked loading the bases; things looking pretty good for the Braves thus far. Wes Covington grounded out to first but Schoendienst scored on the play. Eddie Mathews took an intentional pass, but Del Crandall struck out to end the threat.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 35], "content_span": [36, 568]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076477-0026-0000", "contents": "1958 World Series, Matchups, Game 7\nThe Yankees struck back. Cleanup hitter Yogi Berra led off with a walk. Slow-footed but hustling Elston Howard laid down a sacrifice and, incredibly, was called safe on a poorly tossed throw by Torre to pitcher Burdette. Jerry Lumpe grounded again to Torre, who again threw too high to Burdette for another error, loading the bases. The left-handed hitting Torre got the start in place of veteran right-hander Joe Adcock. The next batter, Bill Skowron, forced Lumpe at second, scoring Berra and moving Howard to third. Tony Kubek lifted a sacrifice fly to left, scoring Howard giving the Yankees a 2\u20131 lead, which held up until the sixth.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 35], "content_span": [36, 674]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076477-0027-0000", "contents": "1958 World Series, Matchups, Game 7\nTwo singles in the bottom of the third brought Stengel out to replace Larsen with a short-rested Bob Turley. The stocky right-hander escaped a bases-loaded situation and pitched superb ball the rest of the way. As in Game 6, the score was tied at two after six innings, when Del Crandall homered into the left-field stands with two outs, giving Braves fans a reason to cheer and promise of another title.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 35], "content_span": [36, 440]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076477-0028-0000", "contents": "1958 World Series, Matchups, Game 7\nBut that hope would fade as the Yankees came to bat in the top of the eighth inning. With tiring Lew Burdette looking for another complete-game victory, they started an improbable two-out rally. After a McDougald fly out and Mickey Mantle looking at a called third strike, Berra doubled off the wall in the right-field corner. Howard followed with a run-scoring bouncer to center field. Andy Carey singled off Eddie Mathews' glove before Bill Skowron then delivered the back-breaker, a three-run homer to left-center field, to cap a storybook comeback. Other than a lead-off walk to Eddie Mathews and a 2-out pinch-hit single by Joe Adcock in the ninth, Milwaukee went quietly to sleep, and the Yankees had their 18th World Championship.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 35], "content_span": [36, 773]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076477-0029-0000", "contents": "1958 World Series, Matchups, Game 7\nHank Bauer (a nine-Series veteran) led with most runs scored (six), most hits (ten), most home runs (four) and most runs batted in (eight). He also paced the victors with a .323 average. Despite less-than-stellar stats in his first four Classics (7-for-57 with a .123 avg. ), he combined for 18 hits, six home runs, 14 RBI and a .290 average against the Braves in 1957 and 1958. Even so, Turley became the first relief pitcher to be named World Series MVP, going 2\u20131 with a save.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 35], "content_span": [36, 515]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076477-0030-0000", "contents": "1958 World Series, Composite line score\n1958 World Series (4\u20133): New York Yankees (A.L.) over Milwaukee Braves (N.L.)", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 39], "content_span": [40, 117]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076478-0000-0000", "contents": "1958 World Sportscar Championship\nThe 1958 World Sportscar Championship was a motor racing series for sportscars which ran from 26 January to 13 September 1958 and comprised six races in six countries. It was the sixth World Sportscar Championship.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [33, 33], "content_span": [34, 248]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076478-0001-0000", "contents": "1958 World Sportscar Championship, Season\nAfter major accidents at the 1955 Les 24 Heures du Mans and 1957 Mille Miglia, the sport\u2019s governing body, F.I.A. and its Commission Sportive Internationale (CSI) dictated several technical changes to the 1958 Sports Car regulations with engine capacity now limited to three litres.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 41], "content_span": [42, 324]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076478-0002-0000", "contents": "1958 World Sportscar Championship, Season\nThis allowed Scuderia Ferrari to dominate the season, as Maserati withdrew from motor racing, leaving Aston Martin and Porsche as the main opposition, but as the previous seasons, the majority of the fields were made up of amateur or gentlemen drivers, often up against professional racing drivers with experience in Formula One.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 41], "content_span": [42, 371]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076478-0003-0000", "contents": "1958 World Sportscar Championship, The cars\nThe following models contributed to the net championship point scores of their respective manufacturers.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 43], "content_span": [44, 148]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076479-0000-0000", "contents": "1958 World Weightlifting Championships\nThe 1958 Men's World Weightlifting Championships were held in Stockholm, Sweden from September 16 to September 21, 1958. There were 96 men in action from 27 nations.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [38, 38], "content_span": [39, 204]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076480-0000-0000", "contents": "1958 World Wrestling Championships\nThe 1958 World Greco-Roman Wrestling Championship was held in Budapest, Hungary.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [34, 34], "content_span": [35, 115]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076481-0000-0000", "contents": "1958 Wrestling World Cup\nThe 1958 Wrestling World Cup was held from June 20 to 22 in Sofia, Bulgaria. The second freestyle Wrestling World Cup drew 76 wrestlers from 14 countries. This was the second World Cup organized by FILA. As during the first edition in each weight category, a separate individual tournament was held, and the winning team was determined by the total number of the points gained by each of its participants. As during the previous edition, the winner of the World Cup was the USSR National Team, which scored 38 points. This time, Greco-Roman wrestling event has not been contested. Roger Coulon, President of the International Wrestling Federation, visited Bulgaria for the World Cup, he called the event \"an example of sports organization.\"", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [24, 24], "content_span": [25, 765]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076481-0001-0000", "contents": "1958 Wrestling World Cup, Commemoration\nBulgarian painter Vesselin Tomov made designs for a series of commemorative postage stamps \"1958 World Cup Wrestling Championship,\" which were published later that year by the Bulgarian Post Office.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 39], "content_span": [40, 238]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076482-0000-0000", "contents": "1958 Wyoming Cowboys football team\nThe 1958 Wyoming Cowboys football team represented the University of Wyoming in the 1958 NCAA University Division football season. It was the Cowboys' 63rd season and they competed as a member of the Skyline Conference. The team was led by head coach Bob Devaney, in his second year, and played their home games at War Memorial Stadium in Laramie, Wyoming. They finished with a record of eight wins and three losses (8\u20133, 6\u20131 Skyline) and with a win over Hardin\u2013Simmons in the Sun Bowl. The Cowboys offense scored 205 points while the defense allowed 136 points.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [34, 34], "content_span": [35, 597]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076483-0000-0000", "contents": "1958 Wyoming gubernatorial election\nThe 1958 Wyoming gubernatorial election took place on November 4, 1958. Incumbent Republican Governor Milward Simpson ran for re-election to a second term. He was challenged by John J. Hickey, the former U.S. Attorney for the District of Wyoming and the Democratic nominee. Following a close campaign, Hickey narrowly defeated Simpson for re-election, winning just a narrow plurality because of a third-party candidate in the race. In an irony, just four years later, in the 1962 special U.S. Senate election, Simpson would defeat Hickey, avenging his loss in the gubernatorial election.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [35, 35], "content_span": [36, 623]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076484-0000-0000", "contents": "1958 Wyoming state elections\nA general election was held in the U.S. state of Wyoming on Tuesday, November 4, 1958. All of the state's executive officers\u2014the Governor, Secretary of State, Auditor, Treasurer, and Superintendent of Public Instruction\u2014were up for election. Democrats had a largely good year, picking up the Governorship and the Secretary of State's office and holding the State Superintendent's office, though Republicans were returned as State Auditor and State Treasurer.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [28, 28], "content_span": [29, 487]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076484-0001-0000", "contents": "1958 Wyoming state elections, Governor\nIncumbent Republican Governor Milward Simpson ran for re-election to a second term. He was challenged by Democratic nominee John J. Hickey, the former U.S. Attorney for the District of Wyoming, and by Louis W. Carlson, the former Mayor of Newcastle, who formed the Economy Party to support his pro-gambling platform. Simpson narrowly lost re-election to Hickey, who won a slim plurality as Carlson siphoned away votes.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 38], "content_span": [39, 457]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076484-0002-0000", "contents": "1958 Wyoming state elections, Secretary of State\nIncumbent Republican Secretary of State Everett T. Copenhaver ran for re-election to a second term. After defeating former State Land Commissioner John Riedel in the Republican primary, he faced Democratic nominee Jack R. Gage, the former State Superintendent of Public Instruction from several decades prior. Gage ended up narrowly defeating Copenhaver. During Gage's term as Secretary of State, he would also act as Governor after Governor Hickey appointed himself to the U.S. Senate in 1961.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 48], "content_span": [49, 543]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076484-0003-0000", "contents": "1958 Wyoming state elections, Auditor\nIncumbent Republican State Auditor Minnie A. Mitchell ran for re-election to a second term. She was once again challenged by State Representative Bob Adams, the Democratic nominee, who had also been her challenger four years prior. Adams improved on his performance from 1958, but nonetheless fell short of unseating Mitchell.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 37], "content_span": [38, 364]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076484-0004-0000", "contents": "1958 Wyoming state elections, Treasurer\nIncumbent Republican State Treasurer Charles B. Morgan was unable to seek re-election to a second term due to term limits. Former Governor Doc Rogers, who had previously served as State Treasurer, ran to succeed Morgan. He won the Republican primary against State Representative Robert Fair and faced Carl A. Johnson, the Democratic nominee, an accountant from Cheyenne. Owing at least in part to his record of electoral successes, Rogers easily defeated Johnson, returning to the Treasurer's office.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 39], "content_span": [40, 540]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076484-0005-0000", "contents": "1958 Wyoming state elections, Superintendent of Public Instruction\nIncumbent Democratic Superintendent of Public Instruction Velma Linford ran for re-election to a second term in office. She faced a challenge from former State Representative Shirley Boice, one of the few women to have been elected to the legislature by that point in history. Linford once again outperformed the rest of the state Democratic ticket and defeated Boice in a landslide to win her second and final term as Superintendent.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 66], "content_span": [67, 501]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076485-0000-0000", "contents": "1958 Xavier Musketeers football team\nThe 1958 Xavier Musketeers football team competed in the 1958 NCAA College Division football season as an independent for Xavier University. The team was coached by Harry W. Connelly and played their home games at Xavier Stadium in Cincinnati, Ohio.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [36, 36], "content_span": [37, 286]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076486-0000-0000", "contents": "1958 Yale Bulldogs football team\nThe 1958 Yale Bulldogs football team represented Yale University in the 1958 NCAA University Division football season. The Bulldogs were led by seventh-year head coach Jordan Olivar, played their home games at the Yale Bowl and finished the season with a 2\u20137 record.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [32, 32], "content_span": [33, 299]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076487-0000-0000", "contents": "1958 Yellow River flood\nThe 1958 Yellow River flood was an extraordinarily large rise in the water flow of the Yellow River in China that coincided with the onset of the Great Leap Forward. In July 1958, the peak discharge of the Yellow River at Huayuankou was 22,300\u00a0m3/s (790,000\u00a0cu\u00a0ft/s) with a maximum sediment concentration of 911\u00a0kg/m3 (57\u00a0lb/cu\u00a0ft), 14\u00d7 and 24\u00d7 their mean annual values, respectively. The flood water level was so high that it rose up to the top of the levee in several places.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [23, 23], "content_span": [24, 501]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076487-0001-0000", "contents": "1958 Yellow River flood\nThis flood affected 741,000 people, submerged over half a million acres of crops (3.04 million mu), and destroyed over 300,000 houses in 1708 villages. It was reported as the most severe flood since 1933.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [23, 23], "content_span": [24, 228]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076487-0002-0000", "contents": "1958 Yellow River flood, Details\nDuring this flood, records were kept of torrential rains beginning on July 14, and by July 16 exceeding 100mm of rain per day, flooding more than 400km of the Yellow River and additionally several smaller rivers. Rain continued for more than two weeks, with flooding finally peaking on July 27.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 32], "content_span": [33, 327]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076487-0003-0000", "contents": "1958 Yellow River flood, Details\nTime: July 1958; Location: Middle and lower reaches of the Yellow River; Disaster type: Flood; Disaster situation: Flood peak flow reached 22,300 cubic meters per second. The Beijing-Guangzhou railway bridge across the Yellow River was interrupted by flooding for 14 days. In the Yellow River beach area and Dongping Lake area of Shandong and Henan provinces alone, 1,708 villages were inundated, 740,800 people were affected, 3.04 million mu of cultivated land was inundated, and 300,000 houses collapsed.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 32], "content_span": [33, 539]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076487-0003-0001", "contents": "1958 Yellow River flood, Details\nA thousand times: the Changyuan impoundment area is about to be used, and millions of Limin people are about to evacuate, and the water situation is changing sharply; Dongping Lake Hongtao jumps the embankment, Huayuankou dam foundation collapses, 2 million people go to the embankment to fight floods; the iron bridge is cut!", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 32], "content_span": [33, 359]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076487-0004-0000", "contents": "1958 Yellow River flood, Details\nFrom \"July 20th to 18:00 on the 17th, the main rain areas are in the main stream of the Sanhua section and the middle and lower reaches of the Yi, Luo, and Qin Rivers, the middle and lower reaches of the Fen River, the Beiru River and Shahe River in the Huaihe River Basin, and the upper Tangbai River in the Han River. The intensity of the heavy rain was heavy, with 249 millimeters of rainfall in the center of the rainstorm.\"", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 32], "content_span": [33, 461]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076487-0005-0000", "contents": "1958 Yellow River flood, Details, Containment\nOn July 27, the largest torrent of the flood was smoothly directed into the Bohai Sea, and the Chinese government claimed it to be a \"victory over the flood\". The spokesperson of the Flood Prevention Center of Chinese government stated on July 27 that:", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 45], "content_span": [46, 298]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076487-0006-0000", "contents": "1958 Yellow River flood, Details, Containment\nThis year we defeated this large flood without division of torrents or breaks on dams, which secures the big harvest of the crops. This is another miracle created by the Chinese people.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 45], "content_span": [46, 231]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076488-0000-0000", "contents": "1958 Yorkshire Cup\nThe 1958 Yorkshire Cup was the fifty-first occasion on which the competition had been held. Leeds won the trophy by beating Wakefield Trinity by the score of 24-20.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 18], "section_span": [18, 18], "content_span": [19, 183]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076488-0001-0000", "contents": "1958 Yorkshire Cup, Background\nThis season there were no junior/amateur clubs taking part, no new entrants and no \"leavers\" and so the total of entries remained the  same at sixteen. This in turn resulted in no byes in the first round.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 18], "section_span": [20, 30], "content_span": [31, 235]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076488-0002-0000", "contents": "1958 Yorkshire Cup, Competition and results, Final\nThe 1958 Yorkshire Cup Final was played at Odsal in the City of Bradford, now in West Yorkshire. The attendance was 26,927 and receipts were \u00a33,833.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 18], "section_span": [20, 50], "content_span": [51, 199]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076488-0003-0000", "contents": "1958 Yorkshire Cup, Competition and results, Final, Teams and scorers\nScoring - Try = three (3) points - Goal = two (2) points - Drop goal = two (2) points", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 18], "section_span": [20, 69], "content_span": [70, 155]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076490-0000-0000", "contents": "1958 Yugoslavian parliamentary election\nParliamentary elections were held in March 1958 in Yugoslavia. Elections to the Federal Council were held on 23 March, whilst the Producers' Council was elected on 30 March, with the two councils forming the bicameral Federal People's Assembly.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [39, 39], "content_span": [40, 284]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076490-0001-0000", "contents": "1958 Yugoslavian parliamentary election\nAlmost all candidates ran unopposed, with only six of the 301 seats in the Federal Council having been contested by more than one candidate. Around 40% of the candidates for the Federal Council and 80% of candidates for the Producers' Council were running for the first time.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [39, 39], "content_span": [40, 315]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076491-0000-0000", "contents": "1958 Yukon general election\nThe 1958 Yukon general election was held on 8 September 1958 to elect the five members of the Yukon Territorial Council. The council was non-partisan and had merely an advisory role to the federally appointed Commissioner.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [27, 27], "content_span": [28, 250]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076492-0000-0000", "contents": "1958 anti-Tamil pogrom\nThe 1958 anti-Tamil pogrom and riots in Ceylon, also known as the 58 riots, refer to the first island-wide ethnic riots and pogrom to target the minority Tamils in the Dominion of Ceylon after it became an independent dominion from Britain in 1948. The riots lasted from 22 May until 29 May 1958 although sporadic disturbances happened even after the declaration of emergency on 27 May 1958. The estimates of the murders range, based on recovered body count, from 158 to 1,500.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [22, 22], "content_span": [23, 500]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076492-0000-0001", "contents": "1958 anti-Tamil pogrom\nAlthough most of the victims were Tamils, Sinhalese and their property were also affected by retaliatory attacks by Tamil mobs throughout the Batticaloa and Jaffna districts. As the first full-scale race riot in the country in over forty years, the events of 1958 shattered the trust the communities had in one another and led to further polarisation.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [22, 22], "content_span": [23, 374]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076492-0001-0000", "contents": "1958 anti-Tamil pogrom, Background\nIn 1956, Solomon Bandaranaike came to power in Ceylon, on a majority Sinhala nationalist platform. The new government passed the Sinhala Only Act, making Sinhala the sole official language of the country. This was done despite the fact that nearly a quarter of the population used Tamil as their primary language. The Act immediately triggered discontent among the Tamils, who perceived their language, culture, and economic position as being subject to an increasing threat.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [24, 34], "content_span": [35, 510]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076492-0002-0000", "contents": "1958 anti-Tamil pogrom, Background\nIn protest, Tamil Federal Party politicians launched a satyagraha (Nonviolent resistance) campaign. This led to an environment of increased communal tensions and to the death of over 150 Tamils in the Gal Oya riots in the east of the country. Eventually Bandaranaike entered into negotiations with them and the Federal party and agreed to the Bandaranaike-Chelvanayakam Pact of 1957, which would have made Tamil the administrative language in the Tamil-speaking north and east regions. But he was forced to cancel the pact under pressure from Sinhala nationalists and some Buddhist monks, particularly the United National Party, which organised a 'March on Kandy', led by JR Jayawardene.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [24, 34], "content_span": [35, 722]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076492-0003-0000", "contents": "1958 anti-Tamil pogrom, Background\nThe Sinhala Only policy led to motor vehicles bearing the Sinhala sri character on their license plates. In response, the Federal Party initiated the anti-Sri campaign which involved smearing tar upon the sri characters. This led to a wave of reprisal tarrings of Tamil offices, shops, houses, and even people in the south by Sinhalese gangs as part of a pro-Sri campaign. The anti-Sri campaign also became popular among Indian Tamil youths in the hill country. In Bogawantalawa on April 2, Indian Tamil campaigners had stoned a bus.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [24, 34], "content_span": [35, 568]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076492-0003-0001", "contents": "1958 anti-Tamil pogrom, Background\nThe bus driver took the bus to the police station, and the rioters followed. They continued their assault on the bus, and some attacked the police station. The police opened fire, killing two men. The now enraged crowd started attacking Sinhalese property and people. The violence had led to Sinhalese reprisals. The pro-Sri campaign began in Kahawatte on April 3. At that town on the same day, two Sinhalese men were stabbed and killed by two Tamil traders, and Tamil boutiques were burnt in revenge.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [24, 34], "content_span": [35, 536]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076492-0003-0002", "contents": "1958 anti-Tamil pogrom, Background\nThe next day, a Sinhalese man was stoned to death by an Indian Tamil mob in the Hatton area. Bandaranaike requested Savumiamoorthy Thondaman, leader for the Ceylon Workers' Congress, to calm down the rioters. Thondaman went to the area and did so successfully. Around the same time, 300 Sinhalese laborers of the Land Development and Irrigation Department armed themselves with blades and proceeded to the Tamil village Cheddikulam in trucks. Before they could reach Cheddikulam, an armed group of four Tamils had fired at the gang, and the gang retreated.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [24, 34], "content_span": [35, 591]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076492-0004-0000", "contents": "1958 anti-Tamil pogrom, Background\nMeanwhile, 400 Tamil labourers were laid off when the British Royal Navy closed its base in Trincomalee. The government proposed to resettle them in the Polonnaruwa district. This angered the Sinhalese population there. Sinhalese labourers began forming gangs and threatening vigilante attacks on any Tamil migrants to the region.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [24, 34], "content_span": [35, 365]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076492-0005-0000", "contents": "1958 anti-Tamil pogrom, Background\nOn 14th of April, a Sinhalese man was murdered by a Tamil in Trincomalee for communal reasons. This led to tension and a few incidents at Trincomalee, but no prolonged trouble or violence. Soon after, Buddhist organizations began calling for the boycotting of Tamils in Sinhalese areas.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [24, 34], "content_span": [35, 321]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076492-0006-0000", "contents": "1958 anti-Tamil pogrom, Background\nIn Welimada, the electorate of the ultranationalist K. M. P. Rajaratne, a rally on April 24 resulted in several attacks on Tamil boutiques. Additionally, in Sinhalese areas, racist pamphlets were sent to government posts and members of the public threatening violence against non-Sinhalese Buddhists if they did not go to the North and East.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [24, 34], "content_span": [35, 376]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076492-0007-0000", "contents": "1958 anti-Tamil pogrom, Background\nOn May 15, a Sinhalese trader had been shot dead in Chenkaladi and another Sinhalese was severely wounded by stabbing. This occurred after a hand bomb was thrown at the house of a Tamil man, but it is not known if the killing was related to this. Regardless, the deceased was returned to his hometown Matara where tensions arose.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [24, 34], "content_span": [35, 364]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076492-0008-0000", "contents": "1958 anti-Tamil pogrom, Pogrom, Buildup of violence, May 22\nThe Federal Party was to hold a convention in Vavuniya. A small incident occurred in Valaichchenai, but as the story reached Polonnaruwa, the story was twisted into a more serious event having occurred. To retaliate, Sinhala hardliners decided to disrupt party members travelling there by rail. Polonnaruwa station was the first to be attacked, on 22 May. Most passengers of the train had gotten off earlier due to the threat of violence in Polonnaruwa. One man was found in the train, and the mobs beat him despite his insistence that he was not a Tamil.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [24, 59], "content_span": [60, 615]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076492-0009-0000", "contents": "1958 anti-Tamil pogrom, Pogrom, Buildup of violence, May 23\nA night mail train in Batticaloa was derailed. Its passengers, mostly Sinhalese, were attacked. Three people \u2014 Victor Fernando, Police Sergeant Appuhamy, and Constable Pararajasingham \u2014 were killed. Tarzie Vittachi suggests that the derailing was committed by Sinhalese wreckers who made a serious miscalculation, as the passengers were mainly Sinhala and not Tamil. However, this is disputed by historian James Manor who suggests that the perpetrators were more likely to be Tamils retaliating for the earlier attack in Polonnaruwa given that the derailment took place in a Tamil-majority area where anti-Sinhalese violence was rising.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [24, 59], "content_span": [60, 696]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076492-0010-0000", "contents": "1958 anti-Tamil pogrom, Pogrom, Buildup of violence, May 24\nDeadly violence in the Polonnaruwa District began on the 24th. Tamils were killed in the open, as well as Sinhalese who protected them. A deaf, mute labourer of unknown ethnicity was also killed. A Sinhala 'Hamudawa' (army) composed of Sinhala labourers from various state departments and farms went on the rampage raping, looting and beating up hundreds of Tamils. Sinhalese who were believed to be hiding Tamils \"had their brains strewn about\". Polonnaruwa had only a small police presence. Requests for reinforcements were not heeded as the Government seemed reluctant to take the situation in the North Central Province seriously.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [24, 59], "content_span": [60, 694]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076492-0010-0001", "contents": "1958 anti-Tamil pogrom, Pogrom, Buildup of violence, May 24\nThose Sinhalese policemen who tried to protect Tamils were attacked by the mobs; a few had severe head injuries causing their deaths. The thugs displayed a temerity which was quite unprecedented. They had complete assurance that the police would never dare to open fire. The Polonnaruwa station was attacked again on 24 May, and nearly destroyed.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [24, 59], "content_span": [60, 406]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076492-0011-0000", "contents": "1958 anti-Tamil pogrom, Pogrom, Buildup of violence, May 24\nThat night, D. A. Seneviratne, former mayor of Nuwara Eliya, was shot near Batticaloa while he was on his way to his estate in Kalkudah, though this was alleged to have been a private issue.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [24, 59], "content_span": [60, 250]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076492-0012-0000", "contents": "1958 anti-Tamil pogrom, Pogrom, Buildup of violence, May 25\nIn the morning, a truck and car were fired at near Eravur, the latter incident killing an off-duty Sinhalese police officer and two other Sinhalese.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [24, 59], "content_span": [60, 208]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076492-0013-0000", "contents": "1958 anti-Tamil pogrom, Pogrom, Buildup of violence, May 25\nSinhalese gangs attacked Tamil labourers in Polonnaruwa farms at night. The Tamil labourers in the Polonnaruwa sugar-cane plantation fled when they saw the enemy approaching and hid in the sugar-cane bushes. The Sinhalese mobs however set the sugar cane alight and flushed out the Tamils. As they came out screaming, men, women and children were cut down with home-made swords, grass-cutting knives and katties (a type of cutter), or pulped under heavy clubs. Those who fled were clubbed down or hit by machetes.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [24, 59], "content_span": [60, 572]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076492-0013-0001", "contents": "1958 anti-Tamil pogrom, Pogrom, Buildup of violence, May 25\nIn Hingurakgoda, rioters ripped open the belly of an eight-month-pregnant woman, and left her to bleed to death. One woman in sheer terror embraced her two children and jumped into a well. Vittachi estimates that 70 people died the night of 25 May, though Manor claims that this is an exaggeration.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [24, 59], "content_span": [60, 358]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076492-0014-0000", "contents": "1958 anti-Tamil pogrom, Pogrom, Buildup of violence, May 26\nTamil refugees in Polonnaruwa were being guarded at the police station. Throughout the day, Sinhalese mobs from various parts of the Polonnaruwa area converged at the station for a nighttime assault. There was only a small police force to keep the crowd at bay. At around 2 p.m., an army unit of 25 men arrived with a Bren gun to aid the police officers. Fearing that the unit's arrival was a sign of more army units on the way, the 3,000 strong mob decided to attack the station before more security arrived.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [24, 59], "content_span": [60, 569]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076492-0014-0001", "contents": "1958 anti-Tamil pogrom, Pogrom, Buildup of violence, May 26\nAt around 3:20 pm, the mob started to advance onto the police station. The army fired warning shots, but this only made the mob more confident that the army was bluffing. Polonnaruwa District Government Agent Derryck Aluwihare signed an order permitting the security forces to shoot people if necessary. With this, the soldiers fired a Bren gun at the advancing crowd, killing three. The crowd dispersed thereafter.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [24, 59], "content_span": [60, 475]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076492-0015-0000", "contents": "1958 anti-Tamil pogrom, Pogrom, Buildup of violence, May 26\nViolence against Tamils also took place in areas like Kurunegala, Dambulla, Galewela, and Panadura. At 10 a.m. that morning, following the spread of news of the deaths of Police Sergeant Appuhamy and D. A. Seneviratne, Sinhalese gangs began beating Tamils in Colombo and several of its suburbs. Shops were burned and looted. At this stage, the violence was largely limited to assault, looting, and arson. That evening, Prime Minister Bandaranaike made an appeal to the nation calling for peace. However, he implied that Tamils had initiated the riots by only mentioning the killings in the Batticaloa District, particularly D. A. Seneviratne's murder, as a cause of communal violence.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [24, 59], "content_span": [60, 744]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076492-0016-0000", "contents": "1958 anti-Tamil pogrom, Pogrom, Countrywide violence, Violence against Tamils\nBandaranaike's appeal ended up triggering far more severe anti-Tamil violence. What had been limited to mostly limited to arson, looting, and assault now included murder and rape. Widespread rioting along the coast from Colombo to Matara was mainly triggered by the return of Sinhalese fishermen who had been chased to the ocean by Tamil rioters in the Eastern Province. In Kantale, Sinhalese rioters stopped buses that were entering the city and killed anyone who was unable to recite a Buddhist verse, including Sinhalese Christians.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [24, 77], "content_span": [78, 613]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076492-0017-0000", "contents": "1958 anti-Tamil pogrom, Pogrom, Countrywide violence, Violence against Tamils\nIn Panadura, a rumor spread that Tamils had cut off the breasts and murdered a female teacher in Batticaloa. Upon hearing this rumour, a Sinhalese gang tried to burn down the Hindu Kovil; unable to set fire to the building, they pulled out a Brahmin priest and burned him alive instead. Subsequent investigations showed there was no female teacher from Panadura stationed in Batticaloa. Gangs roamed Colombo, looking for people who might be Tamil.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [24, 77], "content_span": [78, 525]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076492-0017-0001", "contents": "1958 anti-Tamil pogrom, Pogrom, Countrywide violence, Violence against Tamils\nThe usual way to distinguish Tamils from Sinhalese was to look for men who wore shirts outside of their pants, or men with pierced ears, both common customs among Tamils. People who could not read a Sinhala newspaper (which included some Sinhalese who were educated in English) were beaten or killed.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [24, 77], "content_span": [78, 378]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076492-0018-0000", "contents": "1958 anti-Tamil pogrom, Pogrom, Countrywide violence, Violence against Tamils\nOne trick used by the gangs was to disguise themselves as policemen. They would tell Tamils to flee to the police station for their safety. Once the Tamils had left, the empty houses were looted and burned. Across the country, arson, rape, pillage and murder spread. Though the state police eventually helped to quell the riots, they were accused of being initially inactive and even fanning the riots in several places. Some Sinhalese did try to protect their Tamil neighbours, often risking their own lives to shelter them in their homes.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [24, 77], "content_span": [78, 618]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076492-0019-0000", "contents": "1958 anti-Tamil pogrom, Pogrom, Countrywide violence, Violence against Tamils\nSinhalese laborers of the Land Development and Irrigation Department from Padaviya formed a mob armed with firearms, hand bombs, knives, and other weapons. They also had trucks to transport them. Though they planned on going to Anuradhapura, they took an indirect route on the Padaviya\u2014Kebitigollewa\u2014Vavuniya Road to outmaneuver the army, attacking whatever Tamils they could find on the way. The army and police intercepted the rioters south of Kebitigollewa. They killed 11 rioters, and arrested 343. Some of the prisoners later confessed that they would have gone further south to Matale and Kandy had they not been stopped.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [24, 77], "content_span": [78, 705]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076492-0020-0000", "contents": "1958 anti-Tamil pogrom, Pogrom, Countrywide violence, Violence against Sinhalese\nAfter the Polonnaruwa incidents of 23 and 24 May, Tamil rioters in Eravur retaliated against isolated Sinhalese homes and trades people. In Eravur, fishermen from the two communities fought on the seashore. Tamil gangs set up roadblocks, beating up motorists believed to be Sinhalese. A Sinhalese man and his wife were set on fire and their belongings were looted. The violence intensified after news of the murders of the Panadura priest and Tamil fiscal clerk in Kalutara circulated. Throughout the Batticaloa District, Sinhalese were mercilessly killed by Tamil rioters. In Valaichchenai, Muslims sheltered Sinhalese who fled from Tamil mobs.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [24, 80], "content_span": [81, 726]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076492-0020-0001", "contents": "1958 anti-Tamil pogrom, Pogrom, Countrywide violence, Violence against Sinhalese\n56 cases of arson and attacks were registered in the Batticaloa District, and 11 murders were recorded, but it is believed that the actual number of Sinhalese killed in Karativu alone is far larger than the official statistic. Many Sinhalese had managed to flee by water and land on the southern coast, but others had fled into the jungle, where they had succumbed to hunger and wild animals. The houses and huts of Sinhalese that had already fled were looted and then burned.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [24, 80], "content_span": [81, 557]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076492-0021-0000", "contents": "1958 anti-Tamil pogrom, Pogrom, Countrywide violence, Violence against Sinhalese\nJaffna turned violent on May 28 with the arrival of the news of the murder of the Panadura priest. No deaths were reported, but some Sinhalese merchants had their inventories burned. Tamil mobs would order Sinhalese out of their properties, loot valuables, and then burn the properties. The behavior of the mobs led politicians in Colombo to suspect that the violence was organized. A mob attacked the Buddhist Naga Vihare temple, which was rebuilt afterwards. The mob tried to kill a Buddhist monk there, but he was saved by the police. Two days later, a mob from Kayts moved onto the Nagadipa Vihare temple at Nainativu and destroyed it.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [24, 80], "content_span": [81, 720]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076492-0022-0000", "contents": "1958 anti-Tamil pogrom, Government response\nPolice and army presence was heightened in the Eastern Province and North Central Province following the violence in the early stages of the riots. On 26 May, when the violence began spreading across the island, the army and police suppressed incidents of violence. However, there were many cases of police being inactive due to the anti-police culture fostered by the government in the last two years. Once island-wide violence erupted, on 27 May, a state of emergency was declared. Governor General Sir O. E. Goonetilleke gave the security forces permission to shoot rioters if necessary.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [24, 43], "content_span": [44, 634]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076492-0022-0001", "contents": "1958 anti-Tamil pogrom, Government response\nThe army proceeded to sternly suppress rioters, killing them if necessary. The Federal Party and Jatika Vimukti Peramuna were both banned. Most of the country's senior Tamil politicians were Federal Party members and were later arrested. Within two days, the military had restored order in Colombo and eventually the rest of the country. Nearly 12,000 Tamil refugees had fled to camps near Colombo. The government secretly commissioned six European ships to resettle most of them in Jaffna in early June. The army was eventually withdrawn from civilian areas in the rest of the country, but remained present in Jaffna for 25 years.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [24, 43], "content_span": [44, 675]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076492-0023-0000", "contents": "1958 anti-Tamil pogrom, Government response\nOn 3 September 1958 the Tamil Language (Special Provisions) Act \u2013 which provided for the use of the Tamil language as a medium of instruction, as a medium of examination for admission to the Public Service, for use in state correspondence and for administrative purposes in the Northern and Eastern Provinces \u2013 was passed, substantially fulfilling the part of the Bandaranaike-Chelvanayakam Pact dealing with the language issue.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [24, 43], "content_span": [44, 472]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076492-0024-0000", "contents": "1958 anti-Tamil pogrom, Legacy\nAs the first full-scale race riot in Ceylon in over forty years, the events of 1958 shattered the trust the communities had in one another. Both major ethnic groups blamed the other for the crisis, and became convinced that any further compromises would be interpreted as a sign of weakness and be exploited. A partial cleansing of Tamils from Sinhalese-majority areas and Sinhalese from Tamil-majority areas occurred. Thus, the path to the Sri Lankan Civil War was clear. Velupillai Prabhakaran, a small boy at the time of the riots, said later that his political views as an adult were shaped by the events of 1958:", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [24, 30], "content_span": [31, 648]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076492-0025-0000", "contents": "1958 anti-Tamil pogrom, Legacy\n\"The shocking events of the 1958 racial riots had a profound impact on me when I was a schoolboy. I heard of horrifying incidents of how our people had been mercilessly and brutally put to death by Sinhala racists. Once I met a widowed mother, a friend of my family, who related to me her agonizing personal experience of this racial holocaust. During the riots, a Sinhala mob attacked her house in Colombo. The rioters set fire to the house and murdered her husband. She and her children escaped with severe burn injuries.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [24, 30], "content_span": [31, 554]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076492-0025-0001", "contents": "1958 anti-Tamil pogrom, Legacy\nI was deeply shocked when I saw the scars on her body. I also heard stories of how young babies were roasted alive in boiling tar. When I heard such stories of cruelty, I felt a deep sense of sympathy and love for my people. A great passion overwhelmed me to redeem my people from this racist system. I strongly felt that armed struggle was the only way to confront a system which employs armed might against unarmed, innocent people.\u201d", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [24, 30], "content_span": [31, 466]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076492-0026-0000", "contents": "1958 anti-Tamil pogrom, Legacy\nFor him and many other Tamils, the burning to death of the Panadura Hindu priest greatly affected their thinking:", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [24, 30], "content_span": [31, 144]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076492-0027-0000", "contents": "1958 anti-Tamil pogrom, Legacy\n\"Ours is a god-fearing society and people are religious-minded. The widespread feeling was: when a priest like him was burnt alive, why did we not have the capability to hit back. That was one atrocity that made people think deeply.\u201d", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [24, 30], "content_span": [31, 264]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076492-0028-0000", "contents": "1958 anti-Tamil pogrom, Legacy\nThe famous book \"Emergency '58\" records the events of this pogrom. The book also explores into the manifestation of Sinhalese nationalism in the form of anti-Tamil movement in a large-scale pogrom as a result of closely coordinated action of politicians, Buddhist monks, and rural Sinhalese.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [24, 30], "content_span": [31, 322]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076493-0000-0000", "contents": "1958 in Afghanistan\nThe following lists events that happened during 1958 in Afghanistan.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [19, 19], "content_span": [20, 88]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076493-0001-0000", "contents": "1958 in Afghanistan\nThe five-year development plan, begun in 1957, is being revised on the basis of experience gained. The total expenditure envisaged amounts to 5,708,600,000 Afghanis at an average yearly rate of 1,141,700,000 Afghanis. This means a rate of investment equal to 8% of the national income. Three-fourths of the total development plan is to be financed from national sources, and the remainder from foreign assistance. The total foreign exchange requirement is estimated at $196,000,000. According to the U.S. International Cooperation Administration, Afghanistan received from the United States $18,300,000 of economic aid in 1955-56 and $14,400,000 in 1956\u201357. The amount for 1957-58 is estimated at $5,800,000.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [19, 19], "content_span": [20, 728]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076493-0002-0000", "contents": "1958 in Afghanistan, February 1, 1958\nKing Mohammad Zahir Shah pays an official visit to Pakistan. He also visits India in February. In his speech at the banquet given by Pres. Rajendra Prasad, the king speaks of the \"traditionally neutral policy\" of his country and of the \"lasting friendship\" between India and Afghanistan.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [21, 37], "content_span": [38, 325]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076493-0003-0000", "contents": "1958 in Afghanistan, May 30, 1958\nIn Kabul, the representatives of Pakistan and Afghanistan sign an agreement guaranteeing reciprocal transit rights across each other's territory.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [21, 33], "content_span": [34, 179]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076493-0004-0000", "contents": "1958 in Afghanistan, June 24, 1958\nThe Afghan prime minister arrives in Washington, where he addresses both the U.S. House of Representatives and the Senate.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [21, 34], "content_span": [35, 157]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076493-0005-0000", "contents": "1958 in Afghanistan, August 1958\nIn August 1958, Pashtun intellectuals held a congress in Kabul, with the goal of standardizing the Pashto alphabet. During the congress, a number of standardizations were proposed in the use of the modern Pashto alphabet.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [21, 32], "content_span": [33, 254]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076493-0006-0000", "contents": "1958 in Afghanistan, September 2, 1958\nVili\u00e1m Sirok\u00fd, the prime minister of Czechoslovakia, arrives in Kabul.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [21, 38], "content_span": [39, 109]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076493-0007-0000", "contents": "1958 in Afghanistan, September 12\u201320, 1958\nCelal Bayar, president of Turkey, is the guest of King Mohammad Zahir.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [21, 42], "content_span": [43, 113]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076493-0008-0000", "contents": "1958 in Afghanistan, October 1, 1958\nKliment Voroshilov, chairman of the presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the U.S.S.R., makes a return visit of friendship to Afghanistan.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [21, 36], "content_span": [37, 172]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076495-0000-0000", "contents": "1958 in Australia\nThe following lists events that happened during 1958 in Australia.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [17, 17], "content_span": [18, 84]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076496-0000-0000", "contents": "1958 in Australian literature, Births\nA list, ordered by date of birth (and, if the date is either unspecified or repeated, ordered alphabetically by surname) of births in 1958 of Australian literary figures, authors of written works or literature-related individuals follows, including year of death.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 37], "content_span": [38, 301]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076496-0001-0000", "contents": "1958 in Australian literature, Deaths\nA list, ordered by date of death (and, if the date is either unspecified or repeated, ordered alphabetically by surname) of deaths in 1958 of Australian literary figures, authors of written works or literature-related individuals follows, including year of birth.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 37], "content_span": [38, 301]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076497-0000-0000", "contents": "1958 in Belgian television\nThis is a list of Belgian television related events from 1958.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [26, 26], "content_span": [27, 89]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076500-0000-0000", "contents": "1958 in Brazilian football\nThe following article presents a summary of the 1958 football (soccer) season in Brazil, which was the 57th season of competitive football in the country.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [26, 26], "content_span": [27, 181]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076500-0001-0000", "contents": "1958 in Brazilian football, Torneio Rio-S\u00e3o Paulo\nVasco da Gama declared as the Torneio Rio-S\u00e3o Paulo champions.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [28, 49], "content_span": [50, 112]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076500-0002-0000", "contents": "1958 in Brazilian football, Brazil national team\nThe following table lists all the games played by the Brazil national football team in official competitions and friendly matches during 1958.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [28, 48], "content_span": [49, 191]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076501-0000-0000", "contents": "1958 in Brazilian television\nThis is a list of Brazilian television related events from 1958.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [28, 28], "content_span": [29, 93]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076502-0000-0000", "contents": "1958 in British music\nThis is a summary of 1958 in music in the United Kingdom, including the official charts from that year.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [21, 21], "content_span": [22, 125]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076503-0000-0000", "contents": "1958 in British radio\nThis is a list of events from British radio in 1958.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [21, 21], "content_span": [22, 74]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076504-0000-0000", "contents": "1958 in British television\nThis is a list of British television related events from 1958.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [26, 26], "content_span": [27, 89]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076507-0000-0000", "contents": "1958 in Canadian television\nThe following is a list of events affecting\u00a0Canadian television in 1958. Events listed include television show debuts, finales, cancellations, and channel launches.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [27, 27], "content_span": [28, 192]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076508-0000-0000", "contents": "1958 in Cape Verde\nThe following lists events that happened during 1958 in Cape Verde.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 18], "section_span": [18, 18], "content_span": [19, 86]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076509-0000-0000", "contents": "1958 in Chile\nThe following lists events that happened during 1958 in Chile.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 13], "section_span": [13, 13], "content_span": [14, 76]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076510-0000-0000", "contents": "1958 in China\nEvents in the year 1958 in the People's Republic of China.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 13], "section_span": [13, 13], "content_span": [14, 72]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076511-0000-0000", "contents": "1958 in Danish television\nThis is a list of Danish television related events from 1958.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [25, 25], "content_span": [26, 87]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076511-0001-0000", "contents": "1958 in Danish television, Deaths\nThis Danish television-related article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by .", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [27, 33], "content_span": [34, 111]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076513-0000-0000", "contents": "1958 in Dutch television\nThis is a list of Dutch television related events from 1958.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [24, 24], "content_span": [25, 85]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076513-0001-0000", "contents": "1958 in Dutch television, Deaths\nThis Dutch television\u2013related article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by .", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 32], "content_span": [33, 109]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076514-0000-0000", "contents": "1958 in Estonia\nThis article lists events that occurred during 1958 in Estonia.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 15], "section_span": [15, 15], "content_span": [16, 79]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076515-0000-0000", "contents": "1958 in Estonian television\nThis is a list of Estonian television related events from 1958.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [27, 27], "content_span": [28, 91]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076517-0000-0000", "contents": "1958 in French television\nThis is a list of French television related events from 1958.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [25, 25], "content_span": [26, 87]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076518-0000-0000", "contents": "1958 in German television\nThis is a list of German television related events from 1958.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [25, 25], "content_span": [26, 87]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076520-0000-0000", "contents": "1958 in Iceland\nThe following lists events that happened in 1958 in Iceland.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 15], "section_span": [15, 15], "content_span": [16, 76]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076521-0000-0000", "contents": "1958 in India\nEvents in the year 1958 in the Republic of India.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 13], "section_span": [13, 13], "content_span": [14, 63]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076524-0000-0000", "contents": "1958 in Israel, Events, Israeli\u2013Palestinian conflict\nThe most prominent events related to the Israeli\u2013Palestinian conflict which occurred during 1958 include:", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [16, 52], "content_span": [53, 158]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076524-0001-0000", "contents": "1958 in Israel, Events, Israeli\u2013Palestinian conflict\nThe most prominent Palestinian fedayeen terror attacks committed against Israelis during 1958 include:", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [16, 52], "content_span": [53, 155]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076524-0002-0000", "contents": "1958 in Israel, Events, Israeli\u2013Palestinian conflict\nThe most prominent Israeli military counter-terrorism operations (military campaigns and military operations) carried out against Palestinian militants during 1958 include:", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [16, 52], "content_span": [53, 225]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076525-0000-0000", "contents": "1958 in Italian television\nThis is a list of Italian television related events from 1958.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [26, 26], "content_span": [27, 89]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076526-0000-0000", "contents": "1958 in Japan\nEvents in the year 1958 in Japan. It corresponds to Sh\u014dwa 33 (\u662d\u548c33\u5e74) in the Japanese calendar.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 13], "section_span": [13, 13], "content_span": [14, 108]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076528-0000-0000", "contents": "1958 in Laos\nThe following lists events that happened during 1958 in Laos.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 12], "section_span": [12, 12], "content_span": [13, 74]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076529-0000-0000", "contents": "1958 in Libya\nThe following lists events that happened in 1958 in Libya.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 13], "section_span": [13, 13], "content_span": [14, 72]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076530-0000-0000", "contents": "1958 in Luxembourg\nThe following lists events that happened during 1958 in the Grand Duchy of Luxembourg.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 18], "section_span": [18, 18], "content_span": [19, 105]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076531-0000-0000", "contents": "1958 in Malaya\nThis article lists important figures and events in Malayan public affairs during the year 1958, together with births and deaths of significant Malayans.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [14, 14], "content_span": [15, 167]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076533-0000-0000", "contents": "1958 in Michigan, Top stories\nThe Associated Press ranked the top Michigan news stories of 1958 as follows:", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 16], "section_span": [18, 29], "content_span": [30, 107]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076533-0001-0000", "contents": "1958 in Michigan, Top stories\nThe United Press International ranked the state's top sports stories of 1958 as follows:", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 16], "section_span": [18, 29], "content_span": [30, 118]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076533-0002-0000", "contents": "1958 in Michigan, Population\nIn the 1950 United States Census, Michigan was recorded as having a population of 6,421,000 persons, ranking as the seventh most populous state in the country. By 1960, the state's population had grown 22.8% to 7,823,194 persons.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 16], "section_span": [18, 28], "content_span": [29, 258]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076533-0003-0000", "contents": "1958 in Michigan, Population, Cities\nThe following is a list of cities in Michigan with a population of at least 40,000 based on 1950 U.S. Census data. Historic census data from 1940 and 1960 is included to reflect trends in population increases or decreases. Cities that are part of the Detroit metropolitan area are shaded in tan.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 16], "section_span": [18, 36], "content_span": [37, 332]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076533-0004-0000", "contents": "1958 in Michigan, Population, Counties\nThe following is a list of counties in Michigan with populations of at least 100,000 based on 1950 U.S. Census data. Historic census data from 1940 and 1960 are included to reflect trends in population increases or decreases. Counties that are part of the Detroit metropolitan area are shaded in tan.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 16], "section_span": [18, 38], "content_span": [39, 339]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076534-0000-0000", "contents": "1958 in New Zealand\nThe following lists events that happened during  1958 in New Zealand.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [19, 19], "content_span": [20, 89]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076534-0001-0000", "contents": "1958 in New Zealand, Incumbents, Government\nThe 32nd New Zealand Parliament commenced. In power was the newly elected Labour government led by Walter Nash.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [21, 43], "content_span": [44, 155]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076534-0002-0000", "contents": "1958 in New Zealand, Arts and literature\nSee 1958 in art, 1958 in literature, Robert Burns Fellowship, Category:1958 books", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [21, 40], "content_span": [41, 122]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076534-0003-0000", "contents": "1958 in New Zealand, Arts and literature, Film\nSee : Category:1958 film awards, 1958 in film, List of New Zealand feature films, Cinema of New Zealand, Category:1958 films", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [21, 46], "content_span": [47, 171]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076534-0004-0000", "contents": "1958 in New Zealand, Sport, Lawn bowls\nThe national outdoor lawn bowls championships are held in Christchurch.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [21, 38], "content_span": [39, 110]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076538-0000-0000", "contents": "1958 in Norwegian football\nThe 1958 season was the 53rd season of competitive football in Norway.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [26, 26], "content_span": [27, 97]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076539-0000-0000", "contents": "1958 in Norwegian music\nThe following is a list of notable events and releases of the year 1958 in Norwegian music.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [23, 23], "content_span": [24, 115]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076540-0000-0000", "contents": "1958 in Pakistan\nThis is the current revision of this page, as edited by GeneralizationsAreBad (talk | contribs) at 22:03, 8 December 2019 (ce). The present address (URL) is a permanent link to this version.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 16], "section_span": [16, 16], "content_span": [17, 207]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076540-0001-0000", "contents": "1958 in Pakistan, Events, March\nIn the recent past there has been a growing criticism in Pakistan of US policy towards India. Since 1956, the American attitude towards Pakistan and India has seemed to be on a reversal. A powerful group within the US administration is suggesting that Pakistan, commonly known as \"the most allied ally\" of the US, has now become a demanding ally. India, on the other hand, can be projected as a model democracy in Asia to combat the moral influence of the communist bloc.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 16], "section_span": [18, 31], "content_span": [32, 503]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076540-0001-0001", "contents": "1958 in Pakistan, Events, March\nThe repercussions of this change in the American attitude is felt all over the place: India has become more stern in its dealing with Pakistan, while in the Parliament here the alliance with the US has been under-attack for a while. The Prime Minister's speech today seems to be a fitting climax to the debate. The drop scene is nobody's guess, though!", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 16], "section_span": [18, 31], "content_span": [32, 384]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076540-0002-0000", "contents": "1958 in Pakistan, Events, October\nHe has said in his first radio broadcast that the army has entered politics with reluctance. He warns the political leaders, smugglers, black-marketeers and disruptionists. Meanwhile, the Constitution has been declared null and void.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 16], "section_span": [18, 33], "content_span": [34, 267]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076540-0003-0000", "contents": "1958 in Pakistan, Events, December\nLast year's census shows that 51% of total output in large scale manufacturing is controlled by only 6% of the business houses in the country. This may be considered a result of the laissez-fair, private sector-led economy that the government has been encouraging since 1947. An unequal rate of growth between the two wings of the country seems to have been an important feature of economic development since the independence: only one-fifth of large-scale manufacturing is located in East Pakistan", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 16], "section_span": [18, 34], "content_span": [35, 533]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076540-0004-0000", "contents": "1958 in Pakistan, Events, December\nIn a spree of purging the society of unwanted elements, the army regime has shortlisted 1,661 allegedly corrupt officials", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 16], "section_span": [18, 34], "content_span": [35, 156]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076540-0005-0000", "contents": "1958 in Pakistan, Events, December\nThe military regime has arrested Ahmad Nadeem Qasmi, Sibt-e-Hasan and Faiz Ahmad Faiz, the editors of Lail-o-Nihar, Imroze and Pakistan Times respectively. All journals belong to Progressive Papers Ltd, whose major shareholder is Mian Iftikharuddin, the veteran leftist leader", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 16], "section_span": [18, 34], "content_span": [35, 311]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076543-0000-0000", "contents": "1958 in Scottish television\nThis is a list of events in Scottish television from 1958.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [27, 27], "content_span": [28, 86]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076544-0000-0000", "contents": "1958 in Singapore\nThe following lists events that happened during 1958 in Colony of Singapore.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [17, 17], "content_span": [18, 94]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076545-0000-0000", "contents": "1958 in South Africa\nThe following lists events that happened during 1958 in South Africa.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [20, 20], "content_span": [21, 90]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076545-0001-0000", "contents": "1958 in South Africa, Railways, Locomotives\nTwo new Cape gauge locomotive types enter service on the South African Railways.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [22, 43], "content_span": [44, 124]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076549-0000-0000", "contents": "1958 in Swedish television\nThis is a list of Swedish television related events from 1958.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [26, 26], "content_span": [27, 89]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076550-0000-0000", "contents": "1958 in Taiwan\nEvents from the year 1958 in Taiwan, Republic of China. This year is numbered Minguo 47 according to the official Republic of China calendar.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [14, 14], "content_span": [15, 156]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076551-0000-0000", "contents": "1958 in Thailand\nThe year 1958 was the 177th year of the Rattanakosin Kingdom of Thailand. It was the 13th year in the reign of King Bhumibol Adulyadej (Rama IX), and is reckoned as year 2501 in the Buddhist Era.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 16], "section_span": [16, 16], "content_span": [17, 212]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076553-0000-0000", "contents": "1958 in Wales\nThis article is about the particular significance of the year 1958 to Wales and its people.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 13], "section_span": [13, 13], "content_span": [14, 105]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076555-0000-0000", "contents": "1958 in architecture\nThe year 1958 in architecture involved some significant architectural events and new buildings.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [20, 20], "content_span": [21, 116]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076557-0000-0000", "contents": "1958 in association football\nThe following are the football (soccer) events of the year 1958 throughout the world.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [28, 28], "content_span": [29, 114]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076559-0000-0000", "contents": "1958 in baseball\nThe following are the baseball events of the year 1958  throughout the world.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 16], "section_span": [16, 16], "content_span": [17, 94]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076560-0000-0000", "contents": "1958 in comics\nSee also:1957 in comics,other events of 1958,1959 in comics,1950s in comics and thelist of years in comics", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [14, 14], "content_span": [15, 121]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076561-0000-0000", "contents": "1958 in country music\nThis is a list of notable events in country music that took place in the year 1958.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [21, 21], "content_span": [22, 105]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076562-0000-0000", "contents": "1958 in film\nThe year 1958 in film in the US involved some significant events, including the hit musicals South Pacific and Gigi, the latter of which won nine Academy Awards, including Best Picture and Best Director.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 12], "section_span": [12, 12], "content_span": [13, 216]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076562-0001-0000", "contents": "1958 in film, Top-grossing films (U.S.)\nThe top ten 1958 released films by box office gross in North America are as follows:", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 12], "section_span": [14, 39], "content_span": [40, 124]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076563-0000-0000", "contents": "1958 in fine arts of the Soviet Union\nThe year 1958 was marked by many events that left an imprint on the history of Soviet and Russian Fine Arts.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [37, 37], "content_span": [38, 146]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076564-0000-0000", "contents": "1958 in jazz\nThis is a timeline documenting events of Jazz in the year 1958.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 12], "section_span": [12, 12], "content_span": [13, 76]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076565-0000-0000", "contents": "1958 in literature\nThis article contains information about the literary events and publications of 1958.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 18], "section_span": [18, 18], "content_span": [19, 104]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076566-0000-0000", "contents": "1958 in motorsport\nThe following is an overview of the events of 1958 in motorsport including the major racing events, motorsport venues that were opened and closed during a year, championships and non-championship events that were established and disestablished in a year, and births and deaths of racing drivers and other motorsport people.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 18], "section_span": [18, 18], "content_span": [19, 342]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076566-0001-0000", "contents": "1958 in motorsport, Annual events\nThe calendar includes only annual major non-championship events or annual events that had own significance separate from the championship. For the dates of the championship events see related season articles.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 18], "section_span": [20, 33], "content_span": [34, 242]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076567-0000-0000", "contents": "1958 in music\nThis is a list of notable events in music that took place in the year 1958.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 13], "section_span": [13, 13], "content_span": [14, 89]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076567-0001-0000", "contents": "1958 in music, Biggest hit singles\nThe following songs achieved the highest in the charts for the longest time in 1958, in their respective countries.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 13], "section_span": [15, 34], "content_span": [35, 150]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076568-0000-0000", "contents": "1958 in paleontology\nPaleontology or palaeontology is the study of prehistoric life forms on Earth through the examination of plant and animal fossils. This includes the study of body fossils, tracks (ichnites), burrows, cast-off parts, fossilised feces (coprolites), palynomorphs and chemical residues. Because humans have encountered fossils for millennia, paleontology has a long history both before and after becoming formalized as a science. This article records significant discoveries and events related to paleontology that occurred or were published in the year 1958.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [20, 20], "content_span": [21, 576]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076568-0001-0000", "contents": "1958 in paleontology, Archosauromorphs, Birds, Newly named birds\nA Strigidae, the types species of the new genus is Ornimegalonyx oteroi.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [22, 64], "content_span": [65, 137]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076568-0002-0000", "contents": "1958 in paleontology, Archosauromorphs, Birds, Newly named birds\nA Rallidae, described as Porzana lacustris but transferred by Storrs L. Olson in 1977 to Pardirallus Bonaparte, 1856.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [22, 64], "content_span": [65, 182]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076568-0003-0000", "contents": "1958 in paleontology, Archosauromorphs, Birds, Newly named birds\nAn Accipitridae, the typespecies of the genus is Proictinia effera Wetmore, 1923.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [22, 64], "content_span": [65, 146]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076568-0004-0000", "contents": "1958 in paleontology, Archosauromorphs, Birds, Newly named birds\nAn Accipitridae, the typespecies of the genus is Proictinia effera Wetmore, 1923.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [22, 64], "content_span": [65, 146]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076568-0005-0000", "contents": "1958 in paleontology, Archosauromorphs, Birds, Newly named birds\nA Furnariidae, Dendrocolaptinae, The type species is Querandiornis romani, described in the Tinamiidae, transferred by Tonni & Tambussi, 1986 to Aves Incertae Sedis, transferred by Agnolin, 2016 to Dendrocolaptinae", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [22, 64], "content_span": [65, 279]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076569-0000-0000", "contents": "1958 in poetry\nNationality words link to articles with information on the nation's poetry or literature (for instance, Irish or France).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [14, 14], "content_span": [15, 136]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076569-0001-0000", "contents": "1958 in poetry, Works published in English\nListed by nation where the work was first published and again by the poet's native land, if different; substantially revised works listed separately:", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [16, 42], "content_span": [43, 192]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076569-0002-0000", "contents": "1958 in poetry, Works published in other languages\nListed by language and often by nation where the work was first published and again by the poet's native land, if different; substantially revised works listed separately:", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [16, 50], "content_span": [51, 222]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076569-0003-0000", "contents": "1958 in poetry, Births\nDeath years link to the corresponding \"[year] in poetry\" article:", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [16, 22], "content_span": [23, 88]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076569-0004-0000", "contents": "1958 in poetry, Deaths\nBirth years link to the corresponding \"[year] in poetry\" article:", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [16, 22], "content_span": [23, 88]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076570-0000-0000", "contents": "1958 in professional wrestling\n1958 in professional wrestling describes the year's events in the world of professional wrestling.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [30, 30], "content_span": [31, 129]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076571-0000-0000", "contents": "1958 in radio\nThe year 1958 saw a number of significant events in radio broadcasting history.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 13], "section_span": [13, 13], "content_span": [14, 93]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076572-0000-0000", "contents": "1958 in rail transport\nThis article lists events related to rail transport that occurred in 1958.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [22, 22], "content_span": [23, 97]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076573-0000-0000", "contents": "1958 in science\nThe year 1958 in science and technology involved some significant events, listed below.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 15], "section_span": [15, 15], "content_span": [16, 103]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076574-0000-0000", "contents": "1958 in spaceflight\nExplorer 1 was the first American satellite to reach orbit on 31 January 1958.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [19, 19], "content_span": [20, 98]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076575-0000-0000", "contents": "1958 in sports\n1958 in sports describes the year's events in world sport.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [14, 14], "content_span": [15, 73]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076576-0000-0000", "contents": "1958 in television\nThe year 1958 in television involved some significant events. Below is a list of television-related events during 1958.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 18], "section_span": [18, 18], "content_span": [19, 138]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076577-0000-0000", "contents": "1958 in the Belgian Congo\nThe following lists events that happened during 1958 in the Belgian Congo.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [25, 25], "content_span": [26, 100]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076578-0000-0000", "contents": "1958 in the Philippines\n1958 in the Philippines details events of note that happened in the Philippines in the year 1958.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [23, 23], "content_span": [24, 121]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076579-0000-0000", "contents": "1958 in the Soviet Union\nThe following lists events that happened during 1958 in the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [24, 24], "content_span": [25, 121]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076582-0000-0000", "contents": "1958 in the Vietnam War\nIn 1958, the upswing in violence against the government of South Vietnam continued, much of which was committed by the communist-dominated insurgents now called the Viet Cong. In South Vietnam, President Ngo Dinh Diem appeared to be firmly in power, although many American officials expressed concern about the repressive nature of his regime. The United States continued to finance most of the budget of the government of South Vietnam. North Vietnam continued to campaign for reunification with the South while focusing on its internal economic development, but pressure from hard-pressed communists in the South was forcing the North to contemplate a more active military role in overthrowing the Diem government.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [23, 23], "content_span": [24, 740]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076582-0001-0000", "contents": "1958 in the Vietnam War, January\nU.S. Ambassador Elbridge Durbrow and the heads of other U.S. government agencies in South Vietnam gave a negative assessment of the Diem government to Washington. They stated that discontent with the Diem government in rural areas was growing and a growing problem with internal security was anticipated. In the cities, Diem's secretive C\u1ea7n Lao Party had succeeded in infiltrating many organizations and was feared. General Samuel Tankersley Williams, head of the Military Assistance Advisory Group (MAAG) for Vietnam, refused to concur with the report stating that he did not have \"concern regarding internal security, the economic situation, or the executive ability of the government of [South] Vietnam.\"", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 32], "content_span": [33, 740]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076582-0002-0000", "contents": "1958 in the Vietnam War, January\nTroubled by reports of oppression in South Vietnam, Socialist Norman Thomas resigned from the American Friends of Vietnam, a prominent lobbying group which supported the Diem government.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 32], "content_span": [33, 219]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076582-0003-0000", "contents": "1958 in the Vietnam War, February\nA South Vietnamese army truck was ambushed by insurgents and all occupants were killed. This was one of several attacks in February on government and military personnel in the Mekong Delta region of southernmost South Vietnam.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 33], "content_span": [34, 260]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076582-0004-0000", "contents": "1958 in the Vietnam War, February\nThree hundred B\u00ecnh Xuy\u00ean insurgents attacked the Minh Thanh Rubber Plantation north of Saigon. The Government sent two divisions of army troops to attempt to hunt down the insurgents. Most of the incidents of violence in South Vietnam were committed by the remnants of the Binh Xuyen criminal gang and the Cao \u0110\u00e0i and H\u00f2a H\u1ea3o religious sects which had been suppressed by the Diem government in 1955 and 1956. Viet Cong \"political advisers\" were often attached to the insurgents.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 33], "content_span": [34, 512]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076582-0005-0000", "contents": "1958 in the Vietnam War, March\nAs part of their efforts to advance the Unification referendum, North Vietnam sent letters to the Government of South Vietnam proposing a loosening of economic restrictions between the two countries and preparations for a \"free general elections by secret ballot\". The messages were either rebuffed or ignored by the South Vietnamese government.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 30], "content_span": [31, 376]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076582-0006-0000", "contents": "1958 in the Vietnam War, April\nAt a communist party meeting, Prime Minister of North Vietnam Ph\u1ea1m V\u0103n \u0110\u1ed3ng stated the North should pursue reunification of Vietnam by peaceful means. The statement highlighted a dispute among North Vietnamese leaders. L\u00ea Du\u1ea9n and L\u00ea \u0110\u1ee9c Th\u1ecd favored support for an insurgency in South Vietnam to unite the two Vietnams by force.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 30], "content_span": [31, 359]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076582-0007-0000", "contents": "1958 in the Vietnam War, April\nThe CIA estimated that the Viet Cong numbered 1,700 armed men.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 30], "content_span": [31, 93]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076582-0008-0000", "contents": "1958 in the Vietnam War, June\nTo defend themselves against the offensives of the South Vietnamese army, the Viet Cong \u2014 contrary to the wishes of North Vietnam \u2014 began organizing themselves into military units. The first battalion of Viet Cong troops was established in Zone D in mid-1958. Zone D, about 40 kilometres (25\u00a0mi) northeast of Saigon, was an important communist base area.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 29], "content_span": [30, 384]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076582-0009-0000", "contents": "1958 in the Vietnam War, July\nCommunist party leaders met with representatives of the highland Montagnard people in Quang Ngai Province of South Vietnam to plan an uprising against the Diem government.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 29], "content_span": [30, 201]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076582-0010-0000", "contents": "1958 in the Vietnam War, July\n(approximate date) Chinese Premier Zhou Enlai's advice to the North Vietnamese government was that it should focus on promoting \"socialist revolution and reconstruction in the North.\" Zhou said that \"realization of revolutionary transformation in the South was impossible at this stage.\" The North should await \"proper opportunities.\" China was not enthusiastic about a military attempt by North Vietnam to unify the two Vietnams.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 29], "content_span": [30, 460]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076582-0011-0000", "contents": "1958 in the Vietnam War, July\nThe U.S. Embassy in Saigon reported to Washington that \"in many remote areas the central government [of South Vietnam] has no effective control.\"", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 29], "content_span": [30, 175]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076582-0012-0000", "contents": "1958 in the Vietnam War, August\nAn insurgent force of 400 men raided the Michelin Rubber Plantation north of Saigon. The plantation was defended by a company security force and 200 South Vietnamese soldiers. The defenders were taken by surprise and lost more than 100 weapons and $143,000 in cash. The raid was led by a B\u00ecnh Xuy\u00ean commander with Viet Cong advisers. President Diem had visited the rubber plantation only a week earlier.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 31], "content_span": [32, 435]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076582-0013-0000", "contents": "1958 in the Vietnam War, August\nGeneral Williams, the head of MAAG, opposed the use of the South Vietnamese army to respond to the growing number of Viet Cong attacks. He believed that the primary duty of the army was to contest an invasion of South Vietnam by the North Vietnamese army, a remote possibility in the view of most U.S. officials. MAAG training and equipment for the South Vietnamese army was focused on creating an army capable of fighting a conventional war.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 31], "content_span": [32, 474]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076582-0014-0000", "contents": "1958 in the Vietnam War, August\nDespite William's objections, in the latter part of 1958 the South Vietnamese army carried out several inconclusive operations against Viet Cong strongholds in the Mekong Delta (including the Plain of Reeds).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 31], "content_span": [32, 240]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076582-0015-0000", "contents": "1958 in the Vietnam War, September\nHilaire du Berrier published an article in the conservative magazine The American Mercury highly critical of the Diem government and its American supporters. Du Berrier said that Diem \"was imposed on a people who never wanted him\" and that the American public had \"not been told the truth.\" He characterized U.S. policy as \"misguided meddling\" and the Diem government as a \"police state.\"", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 34], "content_span": [35, 423]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076582-0016-0000", "contents": "1958 in the Vietnam War, September\nChinese leader Mao Zedong introduced his \"noose strategy\" in a speech to Supreme State Council of China. He said that each new commitment of the United States overseas was a hangman's noose around America's neck. The multiplying commitments would ultimately strangle the U.S. and lead to the failure of \"U.S. imperialism.\"", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 34], "content_span": [35, 357]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076582-0017-0000", "contents": "1958 in the Vietnam War, October\nThe Ugly American, an anti-communist novel by Eugene Burdick and William Lederer, was published and serialized in The Saturday Evening Post. The novel was a scathing indictment of the personnel of the United States Department of State and other U.S. government agencies in the fictional Southeast Asian country of Sarakan, easily identifiable as South Vietnam. The book was influential and a bestseller. The hero of the book was modeled on CIA operative Colonel Edward Lansdale, a close collaborator of President Diem from 1954 to 1957.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 32], "content_span": [33, 569]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076582-0017-0001", "contents": "1958 in the Vietnam War, October\nMost Americans working in Southeast Asia were portrayed as being insulated from the people of the country in which they lived. The communists by contrast worked in the villages winning \"hearts and minds\". The book has been criticized for its paternalistic portrayal of Southeast Asians and the simplistic solutions it advanced to defeat communism.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 32], "content_span": [33, 380]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076582-0018-0000", "contents": "1958 in the Vietnam War, October\nThe Ugly American contrasted sharply with Graham Greene's 1955 novel The Quiet American which portrayed a Lansdale-like character as naive and ineffective.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 32], "content_span": [33, 188]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076582-0019-0000", "contents": "1958 in the Vietnam War, December\nLe Duan, First Secretary of the Communist Party of Vietnam, made a clandestine visit to South Vietnam to assess the situation of the Viet Cong and the resistance to the Diem regime. North Vietnam assessed late-1958 and early-1959 as the \"darkest period\" of the communists in South Vietnam when the forces of South Vietnam \"truly and efficiently destroyed our party.\" Communist party membership declined and nearly disappeared in some parts of South Vietnam.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 33], "content_span": [34, 491]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076582-0020-0000", "contents": "1958 in the Vietnam War, December\nThe PAVN and Pathet Lao occupied several villages in the Tchepone district of Laos, near the Demilitarized Zone dividing North from South Vietnam. North Vietnam claimed the villages had historically been part of Vietnam.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 33], "content_span": [34, 254]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076582-0021-0000", "contents": "1958 in the Vietnam War, December\nThe Diem government of South Vietnam, by the end of 1958, had killed 12,000 persons and arrested 40,000 in its campaign to repress the communists and other opposition in South Vietnam.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 33], "content_span": [34, 218]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076583-0000-0000", "contents": "1958 papal conclave\nFollowing the death of Pope Pius XII on 9 October 1958, the 1958 papal conclave met from 25 to 28 October and on the eleventh ballot elected Angelo Giuseppe Roncalli, Patriarch of Venice, to succeed him. He accepted the election and took the name John XXIII. He was the second Patriarch of Venice to be elected Pontiff in the 20th century after Pope Pius X.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [19, 19], "content_span": [20, 377]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076583-0001-0000", "contents": "1958 papal conclave\nSome 51 of the 53 cardinals participated as cardinal electors. The Communist governments of Hungary and Yugoslavia prevented the other two from traveling to Rome.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [19, 19], "content_span": [20, 182]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076583-0001-0001", "contents": "1958 papal conclave\nIn comparison with the conclave of 1922, when three cardinals failed to reach Rome in time for the start of the conclave that opened on the tenth day following the pope's death as required, or that of 1939, when three cardinals reached Rome on the morning the conclave opened under new rules 18 days after the pope's death, all the cardinals who made the trip reached Rome by 22 October with days to spare before the conclave began 16 days after Pius' death.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [19, 19], "content_span": [20, 478]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076583-0001-0002", "contents": "1958 papal conclave\nFor the first time the speed of travel matched the internationalization of the College of Cardinals, thanks to the advancement in air travel. As one newspaper put it, \"the Archbishop of New York can reach Rome today faster than the Archbishop of Palermo did a generation ago\". This conclave included cardinals from 21 countries, compared to 16 at the previous conclave, and 21 non-Europeans compared to seven. The 17 Italians out of 51 represented their lowest percentage since 1455.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [19, 19], "content_span": [20, 503]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076583-0002-0000", "contents": "1958 papal conclave, Papabili\nThe cardinals anticipated a long conclave. There was no \"dominating personality\" as Pius had been in 1939 and the customary search for contrast suggested a \"pastoral pope\" to follow a \"diplomatic pope\". Another analysis set the likely age range between 55 and 70, with a preference for an Italian outside the curia. Several papabili were discussed. The conservative, supporting Vatican centralization of authority, Giuseppe Siri of Genoa was only 52 and his election would have meant another long papacy like that of Pius. The liberal, more disposed to granting independence to local authorities, Giacomo Lercaro of Bologna was 67.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [21, 29], "content_span": [30, 661]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076583-0002-0001", "contents": "1958 papal conclave, Papabili\nAngelo Giuseppe Roncalli was now the Patriarch of Venice after more than 25 years in the diplomatic service of the Holy See in Bulgaria, Turkey and France. Approaching 77, his age marked him as a possible compromise choice in expectation of a short pontificate, along with his \"reputation for being broad-minded and conciliatory\". He also represented a combination of diplomatic and pastoral experience. Gregorio Pietro Agagianian, the Catholic Armenian Patriarch of Cilicia, had spent much of his adult life in Rome.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [21, 29], "content_span": [30, 547]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076583-0002-0002", "contents": "1958 papal conclave, Papabili\nHe was relatively young at 63 and highly respected, but his non-Italian heritage would have made him a surprising choice. Other candidates mentioned were Ernesto Ruffini of Palermo; and two curia officials, Valerio Valeri and Alfredo Ottaviani. Benedetto Masella, the 79-year-old chosen as camerlengo on 9 October, a veteran diplomat, was also mentioned as a compromise candidate with \"his chances diminished because of his age\". Also mentioned as a radical departure from tradition was Giovanni Battista Montini, Archbishop of Milan, whom Pius had not made a cardinal.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [21, 29], "content_span": [30, 599]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076583-0002-0003", "contents": "1958 papal conclave, Papabili\nThe New York Times cast a wide net, offering more than a dozen names, including two non-Italians, Paul-\u00c9mile L\u00e9ger of Montreal and Manuel Goncalves Cerejeira of Lisbon. Life magazine's coverage included portraits of Agagianian, Lercaro, Montini, Ottaviani, Roncalli, Ruffini, Siri, and Valeri. As the press speculated about interest in a transitional pope and possible discussions among the cardinal electors, the Vatican's mouthpiece Osservatore Romano denounced the \"irresponsible lightness\" with which the press approached the subject, especially its reports of electioneering. A Moscow radio broadcast criticized Pius for meddling in politics and hoped for a new pope devoted instead to \"religious problems\".", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [21, 29], "content_span": [30, 742]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076583-0003-0000", "contents": "1958 papal conclave, Papabili\nBetting establishments reported Roncalli was favored by their clients, given 2 to 1 odds. By the second day of the conclave, after four ballots produced no results, speculation centered on Roncalli, Valeri, Masella, and Agagianian, the first three elderly and the last an unlikely outsider.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [21, 29], "content_span": [30, 320]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076583-0004-0000", "contents": "1958 papal conclave, Participants\nPope Pius XII tried in the consistory of 1953 to bring the membership of the College of Cardinals to the maximum of 70, the limit established by Pope Sixtus V in the sixteenth century. On that occasion he named 24 cardinals. When one cardinal-designate, Carlo Agostini, died on 28 December at the age of 64, the Vatican announced another cardinal designate the next day, Valerian Gracias of India, so the College reached its full complement of 70 members, with 26 of them Italian.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [21, 33], "content_span": [34, 514]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076583-0005-0000", "contents": "1958 papal conclave, Participants\nDeaths in the intervening five years, including those of Celso Costantini on 17 October and Edward Mooney of Detroit on 25 October just hours before the start of the conclave, had reduced the College to 53 members. J\u00f3zsef Mindszenty feared the Communist government of Hungary would not allow him to return if he attended the conclave, and government authorities refused to grant him safe conduct despite a request by the U.S. State Department at the request of the College of Cardinals.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [21, 33], "content_span": [34, 520]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076583-0005-0001", "contents": "1958 papal conclave, Participants\nAloysius Stepinac was too ill to travel from Zagreb, and he was forbidden from leaving Yugoslavia as a condition of his release from prison in 1951. This reduced the number of attendees to 51, 15 of whom were in Rome on 9 October, 45 of whom were in or near Rome by 16 October. All 51 reached Rome by 22 October. Of the 51 electors who participated in the conclave, 17 were Italians. The required two-thirds plus one majority was 35 votes.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [21, 33], "content_span": [34, 473]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076583-0006-0000", "contents": "1958 papal conclave, Balloting\nThe cardinals were required to set the starting date of the conclave between the 15th and 18th days following the death of the pope, no earlier than 24 October and no later than 27 October. On 11 October they set 25 October for its opening. The conclave was held from 25 to 28 October at the Sistine Chapel in the Vatican.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [21, 30], "content_span": [31, 353]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076583-0007-0000", "contents": "1958 papal conclave, Balloting\nThe voting patterns in the conclave are hard to establish, but some information is consistently reported. Identified as a group with a particular interest, French cardinals were thought to seek greater independence from Rome and Stefan Wyszynski of Poland was thought to be their ally. Several of the French also knew that Roncalli, as nuncio in Paris, had been influential in the careers. Roncalli himself had learned that he had many supporters in conversations with other cardinals before the conclave began.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [21, 30], "content_span": [31, 542]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076583-0007-0001", "contents": "1958 papal conclave, Balloting\nOne newspaper reported that Cardinal Pierre-Marie Gerlier of Lyon, asked whom the French cardinals supported as he entered the conclave, said \"Roncalli\". Giovanni Battista Montini (later Pope Paul VI), a longtime curia official who had recently become Archbishop of Milan, consistently received two votes even though he was not yet a cardinal.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [21, 30], "content_span": [31, 374]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076583-0008-0000", "contents": "1958 papal conclave, Balloting\nThere was no ballot on the first day. Four ballots on the second day proved inconclusive. Both times the smoke that reported the results of the morning and afternoon ballots appeared white at first, leading to excited false reports that the election was over. The official responsible for arrangements outside the conclave notified the cardinals that the color of the smoke had been misread and provided them with \"smoke torches from a fireworks factory\". The third day's four ballots again failed to select a pope and there was no confusion about the color of the smoke.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [21, 30], "content_span": [31, 602]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076583-0008-0001", "contents": "1958 papal conclave, Balloting\nRequests from a doctor inside the conclave for medical records suggested several cardinals were ill. It took a few ballots for supporters of Lercaro, \"who was known to favor a simplified liturgy in local languages\", and of \"the aggressively sententious\" Siri to recognize they could not garner the necessary 35 votes. The deadlock that then developed between Roncalli and Agagianian led Cardinal Eug\u00e8ne Tisserant, Dean of the College of Cardinals, to suggest Masella as a compromise candidate without success. Roncalli later said that his name and Agagianian's \"went up and down like two chickpeas in boiling water\". Black smoke reported the ninth and tenth ballots were inconclusive on 28 October at 11:10\u00a0am.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [21, 30], "content_span": [31, 741]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076583-0009-0000", "contents": "1958 papal conclave, Balloting\nRoncalli accepted his election shortly before 5 pm on 28 October, the fourth day of the conclave and the third day of balloting, and white smoke signaled his election at 5:08 pm. When asked what his name would be, he responded with his surprising choice of a name that had been avoided for centuries:", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [21, 30], "content_span": [31, 331]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076583-0010-0000", "contents": "1958 papal conclave, Balloting\nI will be called John. A name sweet to me because it is the name of my father, dear to me because it is the name of the humble parish church where I received baptism, the solemn name of numberless cathedrals scattered throughout the world, and in the first place of the most holy Lateran Church, Our Cathedral. A name that in the extremely ancient series of Roman Pontiffs has the primacy of plurality. Twenty-two Johns of indisputable legitimacy are numbered among the Supreme Pontiffs, and almost all had a brief pontificate. I have preferred to hide the smallness of my name behind this magnificent succession of Roman Pontiffs.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [21, 30], "content_span": [31, 662]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076583-0011-0000", "contents": "1958 papal conclave, Balloting\nAn antipope had used the name John XXIII during the Western Schism in the 15th century when three men claimed to be the pope, but Roncalli's mention of 22 \"of indisputable legitimacy\" established that he wanted to be John XXIII. Some historians thought the question of the earlier John XXIII's legitimacy was unresolved, but Roncalli was less interested in ancient disputes than in the associations he had for the name John and a desire to break with the popes named Pius that preceded him. Later he gave Cardinal Maurice Feltin of Paris another reason: \"in memory of France and in the memory of John XXII who continued the history of the papacy in France\".", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [21, 30], "content_span": [31, 688]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076583-0012-0000", "contents": "1958 papal conclave, Balloting\nFollowing an old tradition, immediately after his election, Pope John gave his scarlet zucchetto to the Secretary of the conclave, Alberto di Jorio. This indicated that John would include him when he first named cardinals. Nicola Canali announced the results of the election and Roncalli's choice of name. Pope John appeared on the balcony of St. Peter's Basilica and gave his blessing. At his request, the cardinals did not leave their enclosure but remained in the conclave overnight. He joined the cardinals for dinner that evening, but did not eat.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [21, 30], "content_span": [31, 583]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076583-0012-0001", "contents": "1958 papal conclave, Balloting\nThe conclave ended the next day after Mass in the Sistine Chapel and an address by Pope John to the cardinals which was broadcast on radio. He set the date of his coronation for 4 November, sooner than is traditional and a Tuesday rather than the traditional Sunday, perhaps because it was the feast of Saint Charles Borromeo, whom Roncalli had made the subject of a five-volume study. He was reported to have expressed regret that he would \"never again see Venice\".", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [21, 30], "content_span": [31, 497]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076583-0013-0000", "contents": "1958 papal conclave, Balloting\nEarly reports said that Roncalli led in the balloting on the morning of the third day and then received almost unanimous support in that afternoon's single ballot. With the election of a 77-year-old, many churchmen interpreted the choice of Roncalli as picking a \"pope of transition\". John XXIII himself said, when he took possession of the Lateran Basilica on 23 November 1958: \"We do not have the right to see a long way ahead of us.\"", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [21, 30], "content_span": [31, 467]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076583-0014-0000", "contents": "1958 papal conclave, Balloting\nIn early November, Pope John wrote letters to Mindszenty and Stepinac expressing regret that they were unable to participate in the conclave. On 17 November he announced a consistory to create new cardinals on 15 December. Ignoring the longstanding maximum of 70 members, he increased the size of the College to 74 members.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [21, 30], "content_span": [31, 354]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076583-0015-0000", "contents": "1958 papal conclave, Siri thesis\nSome Sedevacantists believed that Cardinal Siri was actually elected Pope in the 1958 papal conclave on 26 October, taking the name of Gregory XVII, but that his election was then suppressed, duress having been applied to him, especially by the French Cardinals led by the Dean of the College of Cardinals, Eug\u00e8ne Tisserant, who would have brought up the threat of anti-Catholic turmoils in USSR-dominated Eastern Europe, if Cardinal Siri, considered a staunch anti-Communist, became the new Pope. There was confusion prior to the final election concerning the smoke and who was really elected pope.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [21, 32], "content_span": [33, 632]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076583-0016-0000", "contents": "1958 papal conclave, Siri thesis\nWhile Siri was a favourite for election before the conclave, he failed to secure enough votes from traditionalist cardinals once the conclave started, because at 52 a long pontificate would have been anticipated, and his election would have likely prevented other cardinals who wished to be pope from being elected.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [21, 32], "content_span": [33, 348]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076583-0017-0000", "contents": "1958 papal conclave, Conclave reform\nJohn XXIII waited several years before issuing a motu proprio to modify certain aspects of the procedures for a papal conclave. In Summi Ponitificis electio, issued on 5 September 1962, he laid out additional rules for impressing all participants with the need for secrecy, even warning the cardinals about communications with their staff (paragraph XIV). His one practical modification reversed his predecessor. Pius XII had required a vote of two-thirds plus one for election. John returned the margin to two-thirds (paragraph XV).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [21, 36], "content_span": [37, 570]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076584-0000-0000", "contents": "1958 \u00darvalsdeild, Overview\nIt was contested by 6 teams, and \u00cdA won the championship. \u00cdA's \u00de\u00f3r\u00f0ur \u00de\u00f3r\u00f0arson was the top scorer with 10 goals, the first time a player reached double digits in the \u00darvalsdeild. This was the final season where single round would decide the championship", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 16], "section_span": [18, 26], "content_span": [27, 281]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076585-0000-0000", "contents": "1958 \u00darvalsdeild karla (basketball)\nThe 1958 Icelandic Basketball Tournament was the 7th season of the top tier men's basketball league in Iceland. The season started on 21 February 1958 and ended on 27 March 1958. \u00cdKF won the its fourth title by posting the best record in the league.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [35, 35], "content_span": [36, 285]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076585-0001-0000", "contents": "1958 \u00darvalsdeild karla (basketball), Competition format\nThe participating teams played each other once for a total of 5 games. The top team won the national championship.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 55], "content_span": [56, 170]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076586-0000-0000", "contents": "1958 \u2013 Paris Olympia\n1958 \u2013 Paris Olympia is a live album by drummer Art Blakey's Jazz Messengers recorded at L'Olympia in 1958 and originally released on the French Fontana label.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [20, 20], "content_span": [21, 180]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076586-0001-0000", "contents": "1958 \u2013 Paris Olympia, Reception\nScott Yanow of Allmusic called it \"Hard bop at its best, all of it propelled by the powerful drumming of Art Blakey\".", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [22, 31], "content_span": [32, 149]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076587-0000-0000", "contents": "1958/59 NTFL season\nThe 1958/59 NTFL season was the 38th season of the Northern Territory Football League (NTFL).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [19, 19], "content_span": [20, 113]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076587-0001-0000", "contents": "1958/59 NTFL season\nSt Marys have won their third premiership title while defeating the Buffaloes in the grand final by 80 points.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [19, 19], "content_span": [20, 130]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076588-0000-0000", "contents": "1958\u201359 1re s\u00e9rie season\nThe 1958\u201359 1re s\u00e9rie season was the 38th season of the 1re s\u00e9rie, the top level of ice hockey in France. Chamonix Hockey Club won their 17th league title.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [24, 24], "content_span": [25, 180]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076589-0000-0000", "contents": "1958\u201359 A Group\nStatistics of Bulgarian A Football Group in the 1958\u20131959 season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 15], "section_span": [15, 15], "content_span": [16, 81]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076589-0001-0000", "contents": "1958\u201359 A Group, Overview\nIt was contested by 12 teams, and CSKA Sofia won the championship.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 15], "section_span": [17, 25], "content_span": [26, 92]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076590-0000-0000", "contents": "1958\u201359 A.C. Milan season\nDuring 1958-59 season Milan competed in Serie A and Coppa Italia.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [25, 25], "content_span": [26, 91]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076590-0001-0000", "contents": "1958\u201359 A.C. Milan season, Summary\nThe team won its 7th title with a superb season  included the arrival of Brazilian forward Jos\u00e9 Altafini from Palmeiras. Following the World Cup in Sweden, Altafini's talent and offensive potential had been noticed by Milan's agents during some friendly matches in Italy against Inter and Fiorentina in preparation for the upcoming tournament, in which Altafini scored. He was purchased by the Italian club prior to the World Cup in Sweden for 135 million Lire.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [27, 34], "content_span": [35, 496]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076590-0002-0000", "contents": "1958\u201359 A.C. Milan season, Squad\nNote: Flags indicate national team as defined under FIFA eligibility rules. Players may hold more than one non-FIFA nationality.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [27, 32], "content_span": [33, 161]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076590-0003-0000", "contents": "1958\u201359 A.C. Milan season, Competitions, Coppa Italia\nItalian Football Federation re-lived the knock-out tournament after fifteen years with two editions in season 1958\u201359. The first edition was played before the kick-off of Serie A tournament due to 1960 European Nations' Cup qualifying which starting on 28 September 1958. The second edition was played during the Serie A championship.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [27, 53], "content_span": [54, 388]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076591-0000-0000", "contents": "1958\u201359 AHL season\nThe 1958\u201359 AHL season was the 23rd season of the American Hockey League. The Eddie Shore Award was first awarded to the \"Defenceman of the year.\" Six teams played 70 games each in the schedule. The Buffalo Bisons finished first overall in the regular season. The Hershey Bears won their second consecutive Calder Cup championship.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 18], "section_span": [18, 18], "content_span": [19, 350]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076591-0001-0000", "contents": "1958\u201359 AHL season, Final standings\nNote: GP = Games played; W = Wins; L = Losses; T = Ties; GF = Goals for; GA = Goals against; Pts = Points;", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 18], "section_span": [20, 35], "content_span": [36, 142]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076591-0002-0000", "contents": "1958\u201359 AHL season, Scoring leaders\nNote: GP = Games played; G = Goals; A = Assists; Pts = Points; PIM = Penalty minutes", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 18], "section_span": [20, 35], "content_span": [36, 120]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076591-0003-0000", "contents": "1958\u201359 AHL season, All Star Classic\nThe 6th AHL All-Star Game was played on January 15, 1959, at the Hershey Sports Arena, in Hershey, Pennsylvania. The defending Calder Cup champions Hershey Bears won 5-2 versus the AHL All-Stars.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 18], "section_span": [20, 36], "content_span": [37, 232]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076592-0000-0000", "contents": "1958\u201359 Aberdeen F.C. season\nThe 1958\u201359 season was Aberdeen's 46th season in the top flight of Scottish football and their 48th season overall. Aberdeen competed in the Scottish League Division One, Scottish League Cup, and the Scottish Cup", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [28, 28], "content_span": [29, 241]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076593-0000-0000", "contents": "1958\u201359 Allsvenskan (men's handball)\nThe 1958\u201359 Allsvenskan was the 25th season of the top division of Swedish handball. 10 teams competed in the league. IK Heim won the league and claimed their third Swedish title. \u00d6rebro SK and Lundens BK were relegated.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [36, 36], "content_span": [37, 257]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076594-0000-0000", "contents": "1958\u201359 American Soccer League\nThis is the current revision of this page, as edited by Frietjes (talk | contribs) at 15:54, 14 March 2020. The present address (URL) is a permanent link to this version.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [30, 30], "content_span": [31, 201]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076595-0000-0000", "contents": "1958\u201359 Arsenal F.C. season\nDuring the 1958\u201359 English football season, Arsenal F.C. competed in the Football League First Division.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [27, 27], "content_span": [28, 132]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076595-0001-0000", "contents": "1958\u201359 Arsenal F.C. season, Squad\nNote: Flags indicate national team as defined under FIFA eligibility rules. Players may hold more than one non-FIFA nationality.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 34], "content_span": [35, 163]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076596-0000-0000", "contents": "1958\u201359 Ashes series\nThe 1958\u201359 Ashes series consisted of five cricket Test matches, each scheduled for six days with eight ball overs. It formed part of the MCC tour of Australia in 1958\u201359, and the matches outside the Tests were played in the name of the Marylebone Cricket Club. The England team led by Peter May was labelled the strongest ever to leave England.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [20, 20], "content_span": [21, 366]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076596-0000-0001", "contents": "1958\u201359 Ashes series\nIt had the formidable bowling attack of Fred Trueman, Frank Tyson, Brian Statham, Peter Loader, Jim Laker and Tony Lock; the all-rounder Trevor Bailey; the outstanding wicket-keeper Godfrey Evans; and the batting of Colin Cowdrey, Tom Graveney, Raman Subba Row and Ted Dexter. They had won the last three Ashes series in 1953, 1954\u201355 and 1956, but lost the series 4\u20130 to Australia. It was one of the biggest upsets in Test cricket history and the biggest margin of defeat in an Ashes series since the 5\u20130 \"whitewashing\" inflicted by Warwick Armstrong's Australians in 1920\u201321.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [20, 20], "content_span": [21, 598]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076596-0001-0000", "contents": "1958\u201359 Ashes series\nThe triumph of the Australian team was mainly due to its aggressive captain Richie Benaud, now regarded as one of the greatest captains in Test cricket, who led what appeared to be an average team to five series victories in succession. The Australian fielding was outstanding, turning many a half-chance into a catch. Their opener Colin McDonald made 519 runs (64.67), the first batsman to exceed 500 runs in an Ashes series since Len Hutton in 1950\u201351. Benaud and Alan Davidson had previously underperformed against England, but now realised their full potential. Benaud took 31 wickets (18.83), the most by an Australian in an Ashes series since Monty Noble in 1901\u201302, and Davidson 24 wickets (19.00).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [20, 20], "content_span": [21, 726]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076596-0002-0000", "contents": "1958\u201359 Ashes series\nIn English eyes at least the defeat was partly the result of questionable umpiring and the even more questionable bowling actions of Ian Meckiff, Keith Slater, Jim Burke and Gordon Rorke. The team was also handicapped by a long list of injuries, with 12 of their players being unfit to play at some point on the tour.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [20, 20], "content_span": [21, 338]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076596-0003-0000", "contents": "1958\u201359 Ashes series, First Test \u2013 Brisbane\nThe First Test was, I honestly think, the dullest and most depressing I have ever watched... Even at this range of time one finds the gorge rising at the recollection of a piece of cricket for which there was no tactical or technical justification whatever. Did England think the pitch was going to go? Did they hope to bat out a draw? The answer is that the pitch at the end was perfect, and Australia's eight wicket win was gained with a day and a bit to spare.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [22, 43], "content_span": [44, 507]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076596-0004-0000", "contents": "1958\u201359 Ashes series, First Test \u2013 Brisbane, Preliminaries\nCompared to the Fifth Test against New Zealand at the  in 1958 England made only two changes to their team. Willie Watson had only just recovered from his knee operation and was replaced as the number three batsman by the in form Tom Graveney. Fred Trueman was laid low by lumbago, which also affected him when he arrived in Queensland in 1962\u201363, and was replaced by Peter Loader even though he had just recovered from a strained Achilles tendon and high temperature.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [22, 58], "content_span": [59, 527]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076596-0004-0001", "contents": "1958\u201359 Ashes series, First Test \u2013 Brisbane, Preliminaries\nLoader, Laker, Lock and Statham had taken plenty of wickets on tour and Graveney and captain Peter May had made the most runs. Australia also had two changes from their last team, the Fifth Test against South Africa at  in 1957\u201358. Captain Ian Craig had resigned due to ill-health and was replaced by the debutant strokemaker Norm O'Neill and Peter Burge replaced Bobby Simpson, who was twelfth man. Australia did not recall the veteran Ray Lindwall even though he had taken 7/73 for Queensland against the MCC and had swung the ball prodigiously.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [22, 58], "content_span": [59, 606]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076596-0004-0002", "contents": "1958\u201359 Ashes series, First Test \u2013 Brisbane, Preliminaries\nAfter vice-captain Neil Harvey captained an Australian XI to a 345 run defeat against the MCC the selectors made the surprise choice of Richie Benaud as Australian captain. He had just succeeded Craig as the captain of New South Wales, but had yet to lead his state. There was a thunderstorm before the match which precluded net practise and the air was heavy, which made the loss of Trueman's swing bowling all the more meaningful.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [22, 58], "content_span": [59, 491]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076596-0005-0000", "contents": "1958\u201359 Ashes series, First Test \u2013 Brisbane, England first innings\nFour years before Len Hutton had won the toss, put Australia in to bat and watched them made 601/8 declared. The week before Neil Harvey had said that \"the pitch at Brisbane was the best in Australia for batting\", but Keith Miller wrote \"the best thing Benaud could do for Australia was lose the toss\", No captain had put the opposition in to bat in an Ashes series and won since Johnny Douglas in the  at Melbourne Cricket Ground in the 1911\u201312 Ashes series.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [22, 66], "content_span": [67, 526]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076596-0005-0001", "contents": "1958\u201359 Ashes series, First Test \u2013 Brisbane, England first innings\nBearing this in mind it was a bad toss to win and May made the difficult decision to bat on a green wicket which looked favourable to the fast bowlers in the expectation that it would flatten out in the afternoon. Arthur Milton was surprised by a straight ball by Ian Meckiff (3/33), who had been spraying his deliveries up to two feet on either side of the stumps.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [22, 66], "content_span": [67, 432]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076596-0005-0002", "contents": "1958\u201359 Ashes series, First Test \u2013 Brisbane, England first innings\nKeith Miller recalled \"Meckiff was all over the place...the cynical reckoned he fired too wide to be hit...it was, in fact, the most erratic piece of fast bowling I had ever seen in a Test match. Yet it helped to put Australia on top\". Peter Richardson depended on neat deflections for many of his runs, but had not managed to adapt to the faster Australian wickets and Benaud fed in an extra slip and another when the England opener slipped the ball between the fielders until he was caught by Ken Mackay off Alan Davidson (3/36) and England were 16/2.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [22, 66], "content_span": [67, 620]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076596-0005-0003", "contents": "1958\u201359 Ashes series, First Test \u2013 Brisbane, England first innings\nTom Graveney (19) was beaten several times by Davidson and was dropped by Norm O'Neill, who then damaged a finger fielding and was sent to hospital for x-rays. He added 46 with May (28) before wicket-keeper Wally Grout snapped them both up. Cowdrey (13) fell a great catch by Lindsay Kline and Godfrey Evans to another by Peter Burge. Benaud had made his new ball bowlers stay on for over an hour in their opening spell, and called them back for more until they were exhausted.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [22, 66], "content_span": [67, 544]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076596-0005-0004", "contents": "1958\u201359 Ashes series, First Test \u2013 Brisbane, England first innings\nHe had been bowling to give them a rest, but now started on the long England tail. \"The Boil\" Trevor Bailey (Bailey was pronounced \"Boiley\" by the Australians) took two hours to make 27 in his own dull way, but hit a couple of boundaries after seeing Jim Laker do so. Davidson had to leave the field exhausted and Benaud (3/46) had Bailey stumped to end the innings for 134.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [22, 66], "content_span": [67, 441]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076596-0006-0000", "contents": "1958\u201359 Ashes series, First Test \u2013 Brisbane, Australia first innings\nThere was only time for two overs before stumps and Brian Statham made the ball lift outside the off-stump, which might have produced a wicket given another quarter of an hour, but Colin McDonald and Jim Burke survived the day on 8/0. The first day had produced only 142 runs and although the Saturday was bright and clear and good for batting, only 148 runs were made as an excellent England bowling attack regained the initiative and the Australian batsmen eked out the runs.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [22, 68], "content_span": [69, 546]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076596-0006-0001", "contents": "1958\u201359 Ashes series, First Test \u2013 Brisbane, Australia first innings\nBurke edged a catch to gully, but Trevor Bailey was too deep to catch it and after a slow start\u2014and much to everybody's surprise\u2014he peeled off a couple of cover-drives off Peter Loader. Loader was repeatedly no-balled and was replaced by Bailey and the openers took their partnership past fifty when the sightscreen was laboriously moved and Loader returned round the wicket to have Burke caught behind for 20.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [22, 68], "content_span": [69, 479]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076596-0006-0002", "contents": "1958\u201359 Ashes series, First Test \u2013 Brisbane, Australia first innings\nThe teams went off for lunch at the fall of the wicket and returned on 55/1 with Neil Harvey coming in instead of Ken Mackay as announced by the scoreboard, indicating that Benaud wanted the runs to flow. Bailey had McDonald caught in slip for 42 in two hours and Norm O'Neill (who had not broken his finger as first thought) came in with the hopes of Australia hanging on his shoulders.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [22, 68], "content_span": [69, 456]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076596-0006-0003", "contents": "1958\u201359 Ashes series, First Test \u2013 Brisbane, Australia first innings\nMay set a defensive field to limit his runmaking, but he hit his first ball for four before the runs dried up and he was outpaced by \"Slasher\" Mackay. Loader (4/56) caught Harvey l.b.w. after he had spent an hour making 14. Bailey (3/35) accounted for the out of form Peter Burge and had O'Neill was caught by a spectacular diving catch by Tom Graveney for 34 in 151 minutes, Jim Laker (2/15) had Mackay (16) caught behind, much to his displeasure and Australia ended the day on 156/6, 22 runs ahead. After the rest day Australia did not long survive the fall of Benaud (16) on the Monday morning, l.b.w. to Loader and the tail collapsed to 186 all out despite the best efforts of Alan Davidson (25), last man out to Laker.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [22, 68], "content_span": [69, 792]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076596-0007-0000", "contents": "1958\u201359 Ashes series, First Test \u2013 Brisbane, England second innings\nEven Australia's collapse gave them a lead of 52 on a wicket which had dried out and looked a lot better for batting, but the England openers failed again. Peter Richardson was brilliantly caught and bowled by Richie Benaud who had relieved Alan Davidson. Peter May sent in Trevor Bailey\u2014\"The Barnacle\"\u2014at number three, a very negative move given his reputation as England should have been looking to runs. He was soon joined by Tom Graveney when Milton was caught by Wally Grout off Davidson at 34/2.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [22, 67], "content_span": [68, 569]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076596-0007-0001", "contents": "1958\u201359 Ashes series, First Test \u2013 Brisbane, England second innings\nThe stylish Graveney was often criticised for getting out carelessly, but he survived two l.b.w. appeals in an over from Benaud, who beat the bat twice more without success. They took the score to 92/2 by the end of the day, a lead of 40 runs, with only 122 runs coming in the day. On the fourth day Graveney was halfway down the wicket going for an easy single when Bailey sent him back and he was run out for 36 after staying in for nearly three hours.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [22, 67], "content_span": [68, 522]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076596-0007-0002", "contents": "1958\u201359 Ashes series, First Test \u2013 Brisbane, England second innings\nMay was soon out to Benaud (4/66), but Colin Cowdrey (28) stuck in for over two hours before he was caught by Lindsay Kline at grass level. Umpire McInnes was unsighted, but after a nod from Umpire Hays at square-leg umpire gave Cowdrey out, even though he was briefly called back by Harvey, who doubted that the ball had carried. \"The Boil\" remained glued to the crease for 357 minutes making the slowest 50 by an Englishman in Tests. \"Trevor was apt to enjoy playing a character part. '", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [22, 67], "content_span": [68, 556]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076596-0007-0003", "contents": "1958\u201359 Ashes series, First Test \u2013 Brisbane, England second innings\nBarnacle Bailey' as a sobriquet had stuck all too firmly...to the infinite frustration of the crowds\u2014which here at Brisbane showed their feeling by simply staying away\" wrote E.W. Swanton, who questioned \"whether victory, if it should come, is worth the cost in terms of sterile, boring play that makes one sick at heart to watch\". To be fair to Bailey he had been hailed as a saviour playing in this fashion in 1953 and 1954\u201355 and was unlikely to change his style at the end of his career.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [22, 67], "content_span": [68, 559]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076596-0007-0004", "contents": "1958\u201359 Ashes series, First Test \u2013 Brisbane, England second innings\nBenaud did not help as he set the field to cut off the stonewaller's limited repertoire of strokes, with Meckiff bowling down the leg side. One pressman roused himself to ask when Bailey had last scored a run, \"Twenty minutes past two\" answered the England scorer George Duckworth, \"Today or yesterday?\" was the reply. Just before stumps Bailey suddenly rushed down the pitch to take a swipe at Mackay, missed and was bowled for 68.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [22, 67], "content_span": [68, 500]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076596-0007-0005", "contents": "1958\u201359 Ashes series, First Test \u2013 Brisbane, England second innings\nIt was a strangely reckless end as a few more minutes would have allowed Peter May the use of the heavy roller in the morning to break up the wicket for his bowlers. Bailey had batted for 458 minutes and scored from only 40 of the 427 balls he faced. Only 106 runs were made in a full day's play, the lowest in an Ashes Test.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [22, 67], "content_span": [68, 393]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076596-0008-0000", "contents": "1958\u201359 Ashes series, First Test \u2013 Brisbane, Australia second innings\nComing back on the fifth and penultimate day Australia needed 146 runs to win and did so in style thanks to Norm O'Neill. The spinners Jim Laker and Tony Lock were brought on early as May's only hope was that the pitch would take spin, but few balls turned and he maintained his defensive field placings. Laker had McDonald out for 15, and Lock dismissed Harvey for 23. Jim Burke looked uncomfortable and dug himself in while O'Neill started to hit the ball and ran for singles when other batsmen in the match were content to stand still. He rattled up 71 not out in under two hours and hooked Loader for his seventh boundary for the winning runs, Burke having spent over four hours making 28 not out, even slower than Bailey.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [22, 69], "content_span": [70, 796]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076596-0009-0000", "contents": "1958\u201359 Ashes series, First Test \u2013 Brisbane, Result\nAustralia won the First Test by 8 wickets to go 1\u20130 up in the series, the fourth win in four Tests for Australia against England at the Woolloongabba. England's scoring rate of 23 runs in every 100 balls (the equivalent of 1.38 runs per six-ball over) was one of the worst in Test cricket, Australia made 34 runs off every 100 balls (the equivalent of 2.04 runs per six-ball over). The England manager Freddie Brown wanted to make an official complaint about Meckiff's bowling, but captain Peter May thought that it look like sour grapes.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [22, 51], "content_span": [52, 590]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076596-0009-0001", "contents": "1958\u201359 Ashes series, First Test \u2013 Brisbane, Result\nInstead they talked unofficially to the Australian chairman of selectors Sir Donald Bradman who retorted \"And what of the action of the England bowlers Tony Lock and Peter Loader?\" and that they should \"first of all put their own house in order\". It was an inauspicious start to the brighter cricket May had promised, which was needed to revive the fortunes of Australian cricket that was being ignored by its youth. \"The Future of Australian Cricket at Stake...the average young Australian is inclined to spend most of his weekends under water...and caring for his lady-friend. There are many other things to do in the sunshine than play cricket\".", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [22, 51], "content_span": [52, 700]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076596-0010-0000", "contents": "1958\u201359 Ashes series, Second Test \u2013 Melbourne\nThe events of the Melbourne Test at the New Year would have tested the philosophical detachment of any cricket writer, of whatever school. I'm glad to see in my preview before the game I noted that the increase in doubtful actions had been the most remarkable aspect of Australian cricket on the tour, and I named three suspects\u2014Meckiff, Slater and Burke. I said that both Slater and Burke had been no-balled, once in each case, for throwing, and that I hoped the Australian umpires would do their unpleasant duty if the 'be not entirely satisfied', as the Law ordains. Vain Hope!", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [22, 45], "content_span": [46, 626]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076596-0011-0000", "contents": "1958\u201359 Ashes series, Second Test \u2013 Melbourne, Preliminaries\nThe loss of the First Test was not the end of the series and Peter May well remembered the crushing Brisbane defeat in the First Test of the 1954\u201355 Ashes series, which Len Hutton had won 3\u20131. Arthur Milton had returned to form with innings of 85 against Tasmania, but had broken his finger in a gutsy 37 against South Australia.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [22, 60], "content_span": [61, 390]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076596-0011-0001", "contents": "1958\u201359 Ashes series, Second Test \u2013 Melbourne, Preliminaries\nWith the spare opener Raman Subba Row nursing a broken wrist Willie Watson\u2014who had been part of the 1950 FIFA World Cup England squad in Brazil\u2014was brought in, but Trevor Bailey was promoted to the opening spot regardless of his paralysing influence at Brisbane. Fred Trueman had recovered from his back trouble to take 5/46 and 4/33 against South Australia and said he was fully fit, but was not chosen. Instead May preferred to keep the pace attack that had bowled so accurately in the first innings at Brisbane.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [22, 60], "content_span": [61, 575]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076596-0011-0002", "contents": "1958\u201359 Ashes series, Second Test \u2013 Melbourne, Preliminaries\nThe Australians dropped Peter Burge from their twelve-man squad and brought in the 22-year-old Keith Slater who had taken 4/33 for Western Australia in the first match of the tour and could bowl both fast-medium and off-spin. In the end he was twelfth man instead of the talented batsman Bobby Simpson, who made his Ashes debut.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [22, 60], "content_span": [61, 389]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076596-0012-0000", "contents": "1958\u201359 Ashes series, Second Test \u2013 Melbourne, England first innings\nThe wicket was greener than usual for the Melbourne Cricket Ground and the air was heavy again, the dark clouds dimming the ground, but the pitch was not expected to last and when Peter May won the toss on his 29th birthday (New Year's Eve) he had to bat first even though his opening batsmen were known to be brittle.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [22, 68], "content_span": [69, 387]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076596-0012-0001", "contents": "1958\u201359 Ashes series, Second Test \u2013 Melbourne, England first innings\nThey survived into the third over when \"Davo\" Davidson (6/64) wrecked the innings with three wickets; Peter Richardson caught by Wally Grout for 3, Willie Watson undone by a yorker on his fourth ball and Tom Graveney for a golden duck by a brute of a ball that swung viciously and caught him leg before wicket. Peter May came in at 7/3 to survive the hat-trick and rebuild the innings, bringing up his first runs with a magnificent drive off Meckiff.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [22, 68], "content_span": [69, 519]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076596-0012-0002", "contents": "1958\u201359 Ashes series, Second Test \u2013 Melbourne, England first innings\nDavidson bowled neatly and made the ball move, but \"Meckiff used the whole bowling crease, delivering balls from near the stumps and as wide as possible to the return crease\" and could find no swing. Fortunately for England Trevor Bailey was full of confidence and hit 6 fours in two and a half hours on his way to 48. Ken Mackay replaced Meckiff and almost had May caught in the slips, and Richie Benaud who replaced him missed a caught and bowled with his first delivery, but Davidson was kept on until lunch, when he was exhausted.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [22, 68], "content_span": [69, 603]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076596-0012-0003", "contents": "1958\u201359 Ashes series, Second Test \u2013 Melbourne, England first innings\nThey returned after lunch and the crowd saw the unprecedented sight of \"The Boil\" hitting Benaud for successive boundaries, but he was caught by the Australian captain off a slower ball from Meckiff, who had finally replaced Davidson and England were 92/4. Colin Cowdrey came in low at number 6 and stuck in for another do or die partnership with May, both playing disciplined innings with classical strokes. With Neil Harvey and Norm O'Neill dominating the covers runs were hard to come by and they ended the day on 173/4.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [22, 68], "content_span": [69, 592]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076596-0012-0004", "contents": "1958\u201359 Ashes series, Second Test \u2013 Melbourne, England first innings\nBenaud delayed asking for the new ball as his fast bowlers were tired and May and Cowdrey attacked the slow bowling, particularly that of Lindsay Kline. The captain reached his century by pulling Kline to the mid-wicket boundary and hitting the next ball with such power that Mackay, 50 yards away, did not have time to move before it flew past him for another four. It was the first Test hundred by an English captain in Australia since Archie MacLaren made 116 in the  at Sydney in 1901\u201302.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [22, 68], "content_span": [69, 561]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076596-0012-0005", "contents": "1958\u201359 Ashes series, Second Test \u2013 Melbourne, England first innings\nThe new ball was now taken with England 206/4 and Davidson and Meckiff returned to the attack, Meckiff (3/69) bowling May for 113 with an extra fast delivery that swung in and crashed into his stumps. Meckiff reckoned this to be the best ball he ever bowled \"the sun was shining, and May was batting beautifully at the time. Yet he explained it later that he had completed lost the ball from the instant it left the hand\".", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [22, 68], "content_span": [69, 491]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076596-0012-0006", "contents": "1958\u201359 Ashes series, Second Test \u2013 Melbourne, England first innings\nGodfrey Evans (4) could not cope with Meckiff's pace and Cowdrey (44) was caught by Grout off Davidson and England collapsed to 218/7. Jim Laker (dropped off his first ball) stayed in for over an hour making 22 not out, but Davidson bowled Brian Statham and Peter Loader and they were all out for 259.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [22, 68], "content_span": [69, 370]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076596-0013-0000", "contents": "1958\u201359 Ashes series, Second Test \u2013 Melbourne, Australia first innings\nDespite the England collapse the pitch was losing its moisture and looked better for runs. Colin McDonald and Neil Harvey saw the day out with 96/1 for the loss of Jim Burke, bowled by Statham for 3 when he left the ball alone. Lacking the pace of the Australian bowlers Statham and Loader could not make the ball lift as they had done and Trevor Bailey and Jim Laker suffered as Harvey struck 10 fours in his 60 not out by the end of New Year's Day.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [22, 70], "content_span": [71, 521]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076596-0013-0001", "contents": "1958\u201359 Ashes series, Second Test \u2013 Melbourne, Australia first innings\nThey returned to the fray the following morning with May setting only one slip as he tried to stop the flow of runs, which saved Harvey when he edged to the vacant second slip on 67. Bailey bowled down the leg side with a leg field while Harvey watched the balls go by, but he and McDonald were able to run quickly between the wickets and keep the score ticking over, but only 39 runs were made off 18 eight\u2013ball overs before lunch.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [22, 70], "content_span": [71, 503]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076596-0013-0002", "contents": "1958\u201359 Ashes series, Second Test \u2013 Melbourne, Australia first innings\nSoon after the break Tom Graveney took a juggled catch at first slip off Statham to dismiss McDonald for 47 after four hours. Norm O'Neill came into a defensive field to Tony Lock bowling round the wicket and found it difficult to make runs, but tried one cracking drive that was stopped by the bowler and hurt his hand. Harvey tok 267 minutes to make his century, but there was a huge roar round the giant Melbourne Ground when he reached three figures.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [22, 70], "content_span": [71, 525]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076596-0013-0003", "contents": "1958\u201359 Ashes series, Second Test \u2013 Melbourne, Australia first innings\nWith his hundred up he attacked Laker and Lock, but with tight fields and accurate bowling he was unable to get away. The new ball was taken after tea and Statham had O'Neill (37) caught behind trying a powerful stroke off his back foot. Peter Loader, who had been plundered for 36 runs in 8 overs bowled Harvey (167) when he missed an on\u2013drive. Considering the quality and the accuracy of the bowling Alec Bedser thought this was Harvey's best century and it was greatly appreciated by the 71,000 crowd.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [22, 70], "content_span": [71, 575]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076596-0013-0004", "contents": "1958\u201359 Ashes series, Second Test \u2013 Melbourne, Australia first innings\nThey could not have enjoyed what followed as Bobby Simpson and Richie Benaud went for ducks and Australia crashed from 255/2 to 262/6. Ken Mackay (18) and Alan Davidson (25) pulled the score to 282/6 by the end of the day, but Statham (7/57) had them out in the morning, then cleaned up tail for 308. He became only the sixth England bowler to take seven wickets in a Test innings in Australia after Tom Richardson (8/94), George Lohmann (8/35 and 8/58), Wilfred Rhodes (7/56 and 8/68), Doug Wright (7/105) and Frank Tyson (7/27). Once again Neil Harvey had scored over half the innings for Australia, but they were only 49 runs ahead.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [22, 70], "content_span": [71, 706]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076596-0014-0000", "contents": "1958\u201359 Ashes series, Second Test \u2013 Melbourne, England second innings\nI never saw anything so blatant as Meckiff's action as, with the swell of the crowd in his ears, he came up that afternoon full pelt from the bottom end towards the pavillion...the English press camp were outspoken to a degree and at least one Australian, Jack Fingleton, writing in the Sunday Times, thought Meckiff should have been called... England had a grievance, without a doubt.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [22, 69], "content_span": [70, 455]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076596-0015-0000", "contents": "1958\u201359 Ashes series, Second Test \u2013 Melbourne, England second innings\nThe 49 run deficit was thought to be counterbalanced by the runs England could expect to get on a plumb wicket, but such hope were quickly dispelled. Richardson was out yet again trying to play the ball through the slips and being caught by Neil Harvey off Ian Meckiff. Willie Watson showed his lack of practice and was beaten by the pace of Alan Davidson. The 60,000 crowd were now strongly behind the Australian team and Tom Graveney's entry in the MCG was compared to the arrival of a Christian being fed to the lions in the Colosseum.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [22, 69], "content_span": [70, 608]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076596-0015-0001", "contents": "1958\u201359 Ashes series, Second Test \u2013 Melbourne, England second innings\nHe received a sharply rising ball from Ian Meckiff which was caught at full stretch by \"The Claw\" at short-fine-leg. Peter May joined Trevor Bailey, who was back to his usual stone-walling self and had stayed in for an almost an hour for 14 when he was finely caught by Jim Burke, also at short-fine leg, off a brute of a ball from Meckiff that rose high and hit his glove and bat-handle.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [22, 69], "content_span": [70, 458]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076596-0015-0002", "contents": "1958\u201359 Ashes series, Second Test \u2013 Melbourne, England second innings\nMeckiff was bowling with far more accuracy than normal, but retained his fast pace and both he and Davidson bowled left-arm over the wicket, an unusual type of delivery that unsettled the England team. Benaud had also set a short-fine-leg with a short-leg behind him to catch the rising ball as the batsmen fended it off their body. Colin Cowdrey stayed in for 19 minutes before he played at a ball slanting wide across him and was caught by Wally Grout.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [22, 69], "content_span": [70, 524]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076596-0015-0003", "contents": "1958\u201359 Ashes series, Second Test \u2013 Melbourne, England second innings\nGodfrey Evans went for a run which wasn't there and cracked his finger as his flung himself at the crease trying to make his ground. May, who had played a typically self-denying innings of 17 in 98 minutes when he was caught by Davidson off Meckiff, again the ball was angled awkwardly across his body. Now there was only the tail to dismiss and they fell quickly; Tony Lock caught and bowled by Davidson, Jim Laker caught by in the slips by Harvey off Davidson and Peter Loader bowled by Meckiff for a duck to leave England 87 all out. Ian Meckiff (6/38) took the best Test figures of his career, backed up by superlative catching from the Australian fielders and Davidson's 3/41.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [22, 69], "content_span": [70, 751]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076596-0016-0000", "contents": "1958\u201359 Ashes series, Second Test \u2013 Melbourne, Australia second innings\nAustralia needed 42 to win and were 9/1 at stumps, with Colin McDonald lbw to Brian Statham (1/11). After the rest day nightwatchman Wally Grout was stumped by Evans off Jim Laker (1/7) despite the wicketkeeper's broken finger, but this was inadequate consolation for the easy Australian win as they made the 42/2 required.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [22, 71], "content_span": [72, 395]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076596-0017-0000", "contents": "1958\u201359 Ashes series, Second Test \u2013 Melbourne, Result\nAustralia won the Second Test by 8 wickets to take a 2\u20130 lead in the series. The English press thought England had been \"thrown out\", but there was no disguising that it was a dismal batting display from England on a good wicket. It was their worst score in Australia since Archie MacLaren's team were dismissed for 61 in 1901\u201302, ironically at  in the innings following the last time an England captain had made a century in Australia.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [22, 53], "content_span": [54, 490]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076596-0017-0001", "contents": "1958\u201359 Ashes series, Second Test \u2013 Melbourne, Result\nHaving not made an official complaint after the game against Victoria or the First Test at Brisbane the MCC were in no position to make an official complaint now Meckiff had won a Test. No umpire in Australia, South Africa or New Zealand had called him for throwing. He had even survived complaints by New South Wales when he was chosen for the 1957\u201358 tour ahead of one of their bowlers, he had been filmed and given the approval of the Australian Board of Control and had the support of his captain Richie Benaud. With no other game coming between the two Tests the teams proceeded to Sydney for the Third Test.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [22, 53], "content_span": [54, 667]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076596-0018-0000", "contents": "1958\u201359 Ashes series, Third Test \u2013 Sydney\nA great effort would have been needed by the England batsmen to put them in a position beyond defeat, and Milton and Bailey went to the wicket with a load on their shoulders. Benaud at once set a very aggressive field, especially to Bailey, where he fielded only three yards from the bat to Meckiff's bowling, a little deeper for Davidson. Bailey had a word with Benaud, no doubt asking him not to move when the bowler was running up to bowl. I thought he was so close that if Bailey had put his bat out to swing at a ball he would have hit him.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [22, 41], "content_span": [42, 587]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076596-0019-0000", "contents": "1958\u201359 Ashes series, Third Test \u2013 Sydney, Preliminaries\nEngland obviously needed to do something to maintain their hold on the Ashes and three changes were made to the team. The first was forced as Godfrey Evans had broken his middle finger and the reserve wicket-keeper Roy Swetman made his Test debut. This was not so much of a loss as first thought, Evans had not batted well for some years and Swetman had impressed behind the stumps throughout the tour and his batting had improved beyond all hopes.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [22, 56], "content_span": [57, 505]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076596-0019-0001", "contents": "1958\u201359 Ashes series, Third Test \u2013 Sydney, Preliminaries\nPeter Richardson had failed repeatedly as an opening batsman in the Tests and was replaced by his old opening partner Arthur Milton, even though he had broken his finger at Christmas. Willie Watson was dropped in favour of the newly arrived Cambridge and Sussex batsman Ted Dexter, who was also a more than useful swing bowler. May also had his final trump card, the fast bowler Fred Trueman, who had been ill at Brisbane and left out at Melbourne.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [22, 56], "content_span": [57, 505]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076596-0019-0002", "contents": "1958\u201359 Ashes series, Third Test \u2013 Sydney, Preliminaries\nHe is widely considered to be England's greatest fast bowler and with good reason; he was the first man to take 300 wickets in Tests\u2014307 at (21.57)\u2014had tremendous stamina and bowled with a near perfect side on action that produced late swing at high pace. He was full of confidence and believed that he could get any batsman out on any wicket. Australia made changes as well, dropping Lindsay Kline who had taken 0/77 in two Tests and Bobby Simpson who had made a duck but was retained as twelfth man for his fielding.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [22, 56], "content_span": [57, 575]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076596-0019-0003", "contents": "1958\u201359 Ashes series, Third Test \u2013 Sydney, Preliminaries\nInstead they brought in the dual purpose fast-medium seamer and off-spinner Keith Slater, who had been twelfth man in the Second Test, but who had been accused of throwing by the MCC and Keith Miller. Mel McInnes kept his place as umpire even though Peter May and Freddie Brown had pointedly asked if it was necessary for him to officiate in all the Tests.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [22, 56], "content_span": [57, 413]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076596-0020-0000", "contents": "1958\u201359 Ashes series, Third Test \u2013 Sydney, England first innings\nPeter May won the toss for the third time in a row and again decided to bat regardless of the ill-omens as the wicket looked easy going and was expected to take spin. Stonewaller Trevor Bailey who had been promoted in the batting order from 6 to 3, then 2 and was now asked to go in first with Arthur Milton. They were both out for 8 to Ian Meckiff and Alan Davidson and England were 23/2.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [22, 64], "content_span": [65, 454]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076596-0020-0001", "contents": "1958\u201359 Ashes series, Third Test \u2013 Sydney, England first innings\nOnce again the England opening partnership had failed and Bailey, a considerable stumbling block for the bowlers down the order had been sacrificed at the top of the order. Tom Graveney (33) and Peter May (42) restored the innings as the fast bowlers found little swing, but Benaud kept them on for over an hour and May edged a ball past Neil Harvey at slip.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [22, 64], "content_span": [65, 423]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076596-0020-0002", "contents": "1958\u201359 Ashes series, Third Test \u2013 Sydney, England first innings\nWith the shine taken off the new ball the pacemen were taken off and the spinners brought on, Richie Benaud getting turn almost at once and appealed for leg before wicket against May, but it was turned down. Keith Slater's first Test wicket was May after he had been hit for 4 and 2 and the captain looked in fine form, Slater getting the ball to hang back and it was hit where Benaud had placed Ken Mackay in the covers a few balls before, where he took a fine catch.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [22, 64], "content_span": [65, 533]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076596-0020-0003", "contents": "1958\u201359 Ashes series, Third Test \u2013 Sydney, England first innings\nGraveney edged Benaud just past Harvey which he managed to take for another stunning catch and Dexter was l.b.w. offering no stroke to Slater (2/40) and England were 98/5. The debutant Roy Swetman joined Colin Cowdrey to a great ovation from the 50,000 in the stands and survived a difficult catch to Harvey and another to Colin McDonald who had replaced \"The Claw\" at leg-slip, both chances off Benaud.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [22, 64], "content_span": [65, 468]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076596-0020-0004", "contents": "1958\u201359 Ashes series, Third Test \u2013 Sydney, England first innings\nThe young wicket-keeper used his feet to go down the wicket, so when he padded up he could not given l.b.w., and began to make some runs with Cowdrey stroking the ball through the covers. After tea the vice-captain (34) gave Harvey another catch off Benaud, but Swetman and Tony Lock saw England safely to stumps with 190/6. The next day's start was delayed to past tea because of rain, made worse by the inadequate covering of the infield. When they finally resumed Benaud was spinning the ball more than ever and declined to take the new ball.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [22, 64], "content_span": [65, 610]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076596-0020-0005", "contents": "1958\u201359 Ashes series, Third Test \u2013 Sydney, England first innings\nLock was out l.b.w. to Mackay, who ended Swetman's fine innings of 41 with another great catch off Benaud. Harvey also accounted for Jim Laker when he knocked the ball up into the air on the first attempt and ran five yards to catch it. Seeing the end was near Fred Trueman scattered the close fielders with a few powerful strokes and heaved the ball into the stands, but he was caught by Burke off Benaud to give the Australian captain 5/83 and England were out for 219. The first day was watched by John Mills and Trevor Howard, who were acting in Australia at the time. Howard compared the England collapse to the final act of the play he was in, saying \"Hamlet was never like this\".", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [22, 64], "content_span": [65, 751]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076596-0021-0000", "contents": "1958\u201359 Ashes series, Third Test \u2013 Sydney, Australia first innings\nThere was time for three overs before the end of the day, but Roy Swetman dropped Colin McDonald in the first over and Fred Trueman was not best pleased, \"getting a wicket in my first over is always a great motivator, and seeing a decent chance put down annoyed me\". He bowled again on the Monday morning after a long dry Sunday and Jim Burke edged another chance off Trueman which a diving Swetman just reached, but he was unable to hold onto it.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [22, 66], "content_span": [67, 514]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076596-0021-0001", "contents": "1958\u201359 Ashes series, Third Test \u2013 Sydney, Australia first innings\nThe Yorkshire fast bowler also got edges off Burke in the untenanted lep-slip area and McDonald just wide of the wicket-keeper. With the wicket made for spin and the pacemen getting nowhere May brought on Jim Laker (5/107) and Tony Lock (4/130). McDonald and Burke started walking down the pitch, sometimes even before Laker delivered the ball, but Burke edged a catch to Lock at short fine-leg to end their opening partnership on 26.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [22, 66], "content_span": [67, 501]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076596-0021-0002", "contents": "1958\u201359 Ashes series, Third Test \u2013 Sydney, Australia first innings\nLaker and Lock varied their bowling with flight and changes of pace and Lock moved from bowling round to over the wicket as when he saw that he could make the ball turn. Neil Harvey was worried by Laker using the rough and was with him stranded on a front foot stroke when a ball pitched middle-and-leg took out his off stump. McDonald was still moving down the wicket when he missed only for Swetamn to fumble the stumping.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [22, 66], "content_span": [67, 491]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076596-0021-0003", "contents": "1958\u201359 Ashes series, Third Test \u2013 Sydney, Australia first innings\nNorm O'Neill decided to drive firmly and one powerful stroke went past Tom Graveney just 10 yards away who got hand to the ball, but failed to take a difficult catch. None of these chances were easy, but Australia had been able to make then stick in the England innings and it would cost the tourists as O'Neill settled down to make 77. May switched the bowlers' ends using Statham, who O'Neill edged twice through vacant second slip to the boundary, but the change produced a wicket when Graveney dived forward to take McDonald off Lock.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [22, 66], "content_span": [67, 605]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076596-0021-0004", "contents": "1958\u201359 Ashes series, Third Test \u2013 Sydney, Australia first innings\nThis brought the opener Les Favell to the crease at 87/3 and after surviving several loud l.b.w. appeals began to cut the spinners to the boundary and reached 50 before stumps in an unbeaten stand of 99. Laker's arthritic bowling finger hurt so much that he couldn't sleep, but after they brought up their century stand Australia was Lakered and Locked on the Tuesday morning, Cowdrey taking a catch off Lock for Favell and Swetman off Laker for O'Neill, Benaud was bowled by Laker trying to hit him out of the ground and they were 208/6.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [22, 66], "content_span": [67, 605]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076596-0021-0005", "contents": "1958\u201359 Ashes series, Third Test \u2013 Sydney, Australia first innings\nThis brought \"Slasher\" Mackay and Alan Davidson together and England needed their wickets quickly to even the first innings score. Davdison repeatedly edged the ball just off his stumps and was lucky to survive, but May kept the spinners working for an hour after the new ball was due, but with no wickets forthcoming Trueman and Statham came back into the attack. There was little life in the pitch, Swetman taking the ball about his knees, and no or little swing.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [22, 66], "content_span": [67, 532]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076596-0021-0006", "contents": "1958\u201359 Ashes series, Third Test \u2013 Sydney, Australia first innings\nThe heat in Sydney reached 100\u00a0\u00b0F/38\u00a0\u00b0C and Fred Trueman was sweltering in the outfield when a man on the Hill shouted \"Fred, you look in need of a beer, mate\" and gave him a can of Fosters to the delight of the crowd. When he returned after his next over he found twenty beer cans waiting in a line in front of the boundary fence. Davidson was playing a restrained innings instead of hitting the ball around the ground and Mackay foreswore his stonewalling to hit boundaries, so they ended up keeping pace with each other.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [22, 66], "content_span": [67, 590]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076596-0021-0007", "contents": "1958\u201359 Ashes series, Third Test \u2013 Sydney, Australia first innings\nMay brought back his spinners and as the score passed 300/6 used Bailey for the first time, though like the others he found little swing. The seventh wicket finally came when Trueman (1/46) was back for a short spell when there were clouds about and bowled Mackay (57) with a swinging yorker on 323/7\u2014a stand of 115. Davidson was in trouble for ten minutes, but finally went leg before to Lock for 71. With the last recognised batsman dismissed on 353/8 the innings was wrapped up for 357, a lead of 139.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [22, 66], "content_span": [67, 571]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076596-0022-0000", "contents": "1958\u201359 Ashes series, Third Test \u2013 Sydney, England second innings\nThere was time for one over before the end of play and Bailey and Milton survived on 1/0. Richie Benaud set a very aggressive field, himself just three yards from Bailey, close enough to be hit by the bat, and was asked not to move as the Meckiff came in to bowl in case he distracted the batsman. Meckiff did not bowl for long as he bruised his Achilles tendon and retired from the field.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [22, 65], "content_span": [66, 455]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076596-0022-0001", "contents": "1958\u201359 Ashes series, Third Test \u2013 Sydney, England second innings\nMilton and Bailey held out for an hour and saw off the fast bowlers, before Milton edged a Benaud googly to Davidson and Bailey, after sweeping Slater to the boundary tried to sweep Benaud and was caught by Bobby Simpson, who had come on for Meckiff, and England were 37/2.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [22, 65], "content_span": [66, 339]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076596-0022-0002", "contents": "1958\u201359 Ashes series, Third Test \u2013 Sydney, England second innings\nGraveney was playing consistently into the twenties and thirties and was out for 22 when he missed a full toss from Davidson and was l.b.w.. May had been playing and missing several times in a row going for shots and looked vulnerable, but at 64/3 he was joined by Cowdrey for another heroic partnership. Benaud was still crowding the batsmen with close fielders and Cowdrey began to stroke powerfully to drive them away. May called for a new bat and Peter Richardson brought out three; a barracker shouting \"Peter, you haven't got one there wide enough!\"", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [22, 65], "content_span": [66, 621]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076596-0022-0003", "contents": "1958\u201359 Ashes series, Third Test \u2013 Sydney, England second innings\nThe new bat appeared to solve his problems as May found his touch and they added 92 runs between lunch and tea. After tea they passed the deficit and Benaud became very defensive for the only prolonged period in the series, bowling ten overs of negative leg theory. Len Hutton thought Benaud was worried about being Lakered and Locked on the sixth and final day, but Bill O'Reilly called it \"tossing in the towel\".", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [22, 65], "content_span": [66, 480]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076596-0022-0004", "contents": "1958\u201359 Ashes series, Third Test \u2013 Sydney, England second innings\nBenaud rested Davidson the next morning after he opened the bowling and gave him the new ball with Keith Slater bowling at fast-medium pace, but it barely swung or moved off the pitch and by lunch both batsmen were on 82 and the score 231/3. Slater looked outclassed in Test cricket and after lunch he was replaced by the part-time bowling of Jim Burke, and to everyone's surprise he bowled May for 92 with a faster ball after a partnership of 182.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [22, 65], "content_span": [66, 514]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076596-0022-0005", "contents": "1958\u201359 Ashes series, Third Test \u2013 Sydney, England second innings\nTed Dexter came in, but Benaud returned to a more attacking mode and had him caught behind as he tried to play his strokes. Cowdrey now played out time as the next two batsmen fell cheaply, Swetman L.b.w. to Burke and Trueman stumped first ball off Benaud. After eighty minutes in the 90s Cowdrey reached his century, May declared on 287/7 and the game was saved.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [22, 65], "content_span": [66, 429]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076596-0023-0000", "contents": "1958\u201359 Ashes series, Third Test \u2013 Sydney, Australia second innings\nAustralia needed 151 runs in 100 minutes, but Benaud did not attempt it. Laker (2/10) was soon brought on and yorked Burke. May asked McDonald, who had pulled a hamstring when playing the MCC for the Australian XI, if he wanted to retire, but as he was walking off the pitch Benaud sent out a runner and insisted that he bat, but was bowled first ball. Harvey and O'Neill batted out time and Australia finished the game on 54/2", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [22, 67], "content_span": [68, 495]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076596-0024-0000", "contents": "1958\u201359 Ashes series, Third Test \u2013 Sydney, Result\nEngland and Australia drew the match. England were happy that they had saved the Test, but their batting was still weak with only Graveney, May and Cowdrey capable of playing Benaud's leg-spin with any confidence. Trueman had bowled well without any luck and Laker and Lock had shown their spinning skills, but the English fielding needed to be improved. Benaud was criticised for his defensive tactics, but said he had a job to do and 2\u20130 up was good for him and his team.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [22, 49], "content_span": [50, 523]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076596-0025-0000", "contents": "1958\u201359 Ashes series, Fourth Test \u2013 Adelaide\nRorke, who is six feet four inches, has a very short run which produces tremendous pace, and is another bowler whose action is subject to criticism. His delivery, to say the most, was unusual, and it was amazing to me that a bowler could generate so much pace from such a short run...he lands some four feet beyond the batting crease at the moment of delivery, with a tremendous drag, and it means he delivers the ball from some nineteen yards.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [22, 44], "content_span": [45, 489]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076596-0026-0000", "contents": "1958\u201359 Ashes series, Fourth Test \u2013 Adelaide, Preliminaries\nThe Australians dropped Keith Slater and replaced him with the veteran fast bowler Ray Lindwall after an absence of 18 months. Although now 37 he had been training hard and had bowled well, having taken 7/73 against MCC. With 212 Test wickets Lindwall was the second greatest Australian wicket taker after Clarrie Grimmett (216) and he was determined to beat the record.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [22, 59], "content_span": [60, 430]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076596-0026-0001", "contents": "1958\u201359 Ashes series, Fourth Test \u2013 Adelaide, Preliminaries\nIan Meckiff had bruised his Achilles tendon at Sydney and was unfit to play, but any joy the England camp may have felt was reduced when they debuted the 6-foot-5-inch (1.96\u00a0m) \"Blonde Giant\" Gordon Rorke after he had taken 6/58 against Queensland and 4/57 in the recent tour match. Incidentally, Rorke was the only Australian tailender as the other ten players were First Class cricket centurions. For England, Peter Richardson returned to open the batting with Trevor Bailey because Arthur Milton had re-fractured his broken finger and Raman Subba Row still had a damaged wrist.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [22, 59], "content_span": [60, 640]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076596-0026-0002", "contents": "1958\u201359 Ashes series, Fourth Test \u2013 Adelaide, Preliminaries\nThe alternative opener was Willie Watson\u2014who replaced Ted Dexter\u2014but he had made 141 batting at number 6 against Victoria and May wanted to keep him in the lower-middle order. Peter Loader had a groin strain that had kept him out of the New South Wales game, but the great shock was that the off-spinner Jim Laker, England's best bowler, could not play because his arthritic spinning finger was immobile. As a result, Frank Tyson was recalled after two years out of the team, having had taken 3/40 and 4/55 in the last two matches.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [22, 59], "content_span": [60, 591]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076596-0026-0003", "contents": "1958\u201359 Ashes series, Fourth Test \u2013 Adelaide, Preliminaries\nGodfrey Evans replaced Roy Swetman as wicket-keeper even though his broken middle finger had not fully mended as the young Surrey keeper had proved fallible behind the stumps. As a result, May had four fast bowlers and only one spinner on a pitch that was traditionally a good batting surface with low bounce, though the South Australia game at Christmas had seen a green, pacey wicket. This was the only Test in which the three great England fast bowlers of the 1950s Tyson, Trueman and Statham all played together. Mel McInnes was umpire again, much to the annoyance of the England team as he had made mistakes in all his matches leading up to the Fourth Test. The 1956 Australians successfully asked for the great English umpire Frank Chester to be removed when an illness made his decisions erratic.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [22, 59], "content_span": [60, 863]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076596-0027-0000", "contents": "1958\u201359 Ashes series, Fourth Test \u2013 Adelaide, Australia first innings\nMay won the toss for the fourth time in a row and felt obliged to bowl first so that his pacemen would get the benefit of any life there was in the pitch, but the wicket was brown and dry and full of runs. It was a gamble that relied on a quick breakthrough, though May may have been nervous about the effect of Ray Lindwall, Alan Davidson and Gordon Rorke on his fragile batting line up.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [22, 69], "content_span": [70, 458]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076596-0027-0001", "contents": "1958\u201359 Ashes series, Fourth Test \u2013 Adelaide, Australia first innings\nBrian Statham got the first ball to nip back and almost hit McDonald's stump, and another went between Jim Burke's bat and pad only to miss off stump. Tyson bowled a good spell for no luck as did Trueman when he was brought back on and the batsmen played and missed throughout the day. Just before lunch Burke deflected a ball off his glove to first slip, where Evans dived out to catch it, but Umpire McInnes gave Burke (then on 24) not out.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [22, 69], "content_span": [70, 512]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076596-0027-0002", "contents": "1958\u201359 Ashes series, Fourth Test \u2013 Adelaide, Australia first innings\nBurke fell later for 66, the only Australian wicket to fall on the first day, when he mis-cut a ball from Trevor Bailey to Colin Cowdrey in the gully. He had batted for over four hours in an opening partnership of 171 during which he made two boundaries. Neil Harvey came in and at the end of the day hit Tony Lock for a long straight six towards Adelaide Cathedral, the longest boundary in the world, and \"directed our eyes to the towers and pinnacles\".", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [22, 69], "content_span": [70, 524]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076596-0027-0003", "contents": "1958\u201359 Ashes series, Fourth Test \u2013 Adelaide, Australia first innings\nHarvey and McDonald saw stumps at 200/1 and carried their partnership to 268/1 when McDonald retired hurt after pulling a leg muscle. Harvey (41) was run out when he called for a second run and Brian Statham hitting the stumps. Statham (3/83) caused a small collapse to 294/4 (effectively 294/5) as he bowled Les Favell and had Ken Mackay caught by wicket-keeper Godfrey Evans.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [22, 69], "content_span": [70, 447]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076596-0027-0004", "contents": "1958\u201359 Ashes series, Fourth Test \u2013 Adelaide, Australia first innings\nMcInnes took such a long time to give Ken Mackay out when he snicked the ball to Evans that in the end Mackay walked back to the pavilion, almost unheard of in Australia at the time and the crowd applauded his sportsmanship. Norm O'Neill (56) was playing well and one terrific pull smacked into the boundary fence before any fielder could move and added 75 with Richie Benaud who hit 7 fours in his 46, including a powerful hook off Trueman (4/90).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [22, 69], "content_span": [70, 518]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076596-0027-0005", "contents": "1958\u201359 Ashes series, Fourth Test \u2013 Adelaide, Australia first innings\nThe Yorkshireman never gave up and dismissed Benaud, Lindwall and Grout as the innings continued into the third day. McDonald returned at 407/7 with Burke as his runner and should have been run out when Trueman flattened the stumps when Burke ran round the back of McInnes and was out by yards. McInnes indicated that he was out then said not out as he could not see whether Burke had reached the crease in time.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [22, 69], "content_span": [70, 482]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076596-0027-0006", "contents": "1958\u201359 Ashes series, Fourth Test \u2013 Adelaide, Australia first innings\nMcDonald and Burke were walking to the pavilion when they were called back and McDonald was so annoyed that he told Fred to bowl straight and pulled away his bat to expose his stumps and gave the fast bowler \"the easiest Test wicket I have ever taken\". The Victorian opener had batted for seven hours and seven minutes for 170, his highest Test century and the highest score of the series.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [22, 69], "content_span": [70, 459]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076596-0027-0007", "contents": "1958\u201359 Ashes series, Fourth Test \u2013 Adelaide, Australia first innings\nAlan Davidson hit 43 before he became the Tyson's only wicket, caught by Bailey two feet off the ground at short-leg, a poor reward for his untiring efforts with the ball and the outfield. Evans' unhealed finger broke again, but he continued to keep wicket on the second day and raised everybody's spirits with his chirpy optimism. He was replaced after the rest day by Tom Graveney, a part-time keeper for Gloucestershire who had played the part before at Old Trafford against South Africa in 1955. Australia's 476 was the highest innings of the series and virtually won the Ashes by protecting their 2\u20130 lead.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [22, 69], "content_span": [70, 681]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076596-0028-0000", "contents": "1958\u201359 Ashes series, Fourth Test \u2013 Adelaide, England first innings\nAt the end of the Australian innings the temperature dropped and a breeze came up which helped the Australian bowlers Alan Davidson and Ray Lindwall with their swing. Peter Richardson and Trevor Bailey were soon out and at 11/2 Peter May (37), promoted to number 3 to protect the other batsmen, and Colin Cowdrey (84) were back at the crease. They attacked the bowling with finely tuned strokes and with Graveney (41) took England to 170/3, May was bowled by Richie Benaud (5/91) when he tried to hit him for six.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [22, 67], "content_span": [68, 581]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076596-0028-0001", "contents": "1958\u201359 Ashes series, Fourth Test \u2013 Adelaide, England first innings\nOn the fourth day England collapsed to 188/9, Gordon Rorke (3/23) starting the rot by bowling Cowdrey, who edged the ball onto his stumps, and having Graveney caught by Benaud despite the ball coming off the bat at high speed. Tom Graveney recalled \"I had a personal experience of Richie's tactical genius...he held up play while he moved the short leg round a couple of yards. It interrupted my flow because I was forced to wonder why he had done it and whether I should be expecting a new direction from the bowler.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [22, 67], "content_span": [68, 585]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076596-0028-0002", "contents": "1958\u201359 Ashes series, Fourth Test \u2013 Adelaide, England first innings\nThis was exactly the reaction that Richie had wanted. There was no reason for the move other than to apply psychological pressure. He was a master at upsetting the concentration of batsman and reach their subconscious\" Benaud then dismissed Trueman, Lock, Tyson and Evans, two caught by Wally Grout, one by Burke and the other by the bowler himself. England were 89 runs short of saving the follow on, but Willie Watson and Brian Statham stayed at the crease for 70 minutes. Statham, who batted left-handed, hit 6 fours in a new highest Test score of 36 not out.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [22, 67], "content_span": [68, 630]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076596-0028-0003", "contents": "1958\u201359 Ashes series, Fourth Test \u2013 Adelaide, England first innings\nLindwall was given the new ball, but could only shave the stumps as Statham hit out. Davidson tripped in one of Trueman's foot marks and had to retire from the field. In the end Rorke bowled Watson to end the 52 run last wicket stand 37 runs short of their target. Rorke on debut returned figures of 18.1\u20137\u201323\u20133, his low economy due to his large number of almost wides and high pace and in one three over spell only one ball could have been played.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [22, 67], "content_span": [68, 516]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076596-0029-0000", "contents": "1958\u201359 Ashes series, Fourth Test \u2013 Adelaide, England second innings\nAs the teams returned up the pavilion steps Sir Donald Bradman called Richie Benaud to one side and reminded him that England's only chance of retaining the Ashes was it they were forced to follow on and made a lot of runs. Benaud agreed with him, but excused himself as he had to go and tell Peter May that he was going to bat again. When he reached the dressing room he consoled May with what Sir Donald had said.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [22, 68], "content_span": [69, 484]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076596-0029-0001", "contents": "1958\u201359 Ashes series, Fourth Test \u2013 Adelaide, England second innings\nThis was repeated by cricket commentators when a Test side in this situation must win, notably when Allan Border's Australians followed on at The Oval in 1985. Watson (40) returned with Richardson (43) and together they saw off the new ball to end the day on 43/0, and produced the highest England opening stand of the series, staying for almost three hours and adding 89. Davidson could not bowl after his injury, Rorke opened the bowling with Lindwall and Benaud had to bowl himself for a spell of four hours.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [22, 68], "content_span": [69, 580]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076596-0029-0002", "contents": "1958\u201359 Ashes series, Fourth Test \u2013 Adelaide, England second innings\nThe partnership ended when Watson pulled a full toss from the captain and Les Favell ran in to take the catch on the boundary. Richardson fell to Benaud (4/84) padding up against a ball that didn't move having survived a l.b.w. appeal the ball before. May (59) and Graveney looked set for big scores, and the England captain struck Benaud for three successive fours before he was leg before by a torpedo from Rorke (2/78).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [22, 68], "content_span": [69, 491]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076596-0029-0003", "contents": "1958\u201359 Ashes series, Fourth Test \u2013 Adelaide, England second innings\nBailey was caught by Grout off Lindwall (2/70) on the last ball of the day, though he and Graveney thought the ball had come off the top of his pad. At 198/5 England's cause looked lost and Graveney could only look on as the lower order collapsed before him. Lock (9) stayed in for an hour as did Tyson, who made 33 in a stand of 46, but the other three tailenders only lasted 20 minutes and Graveney ended with 53 not out, having batted for over five hours. England's total of 270 put them only 34 runs ahead.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [22, 68], "content_span": [69, 579]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076596-0030-0000", "contents": "1958\u201359 Ashes series, Fourth Test \u2013 Adelaide, Australia second innings\nLes Favell came into open the innings and hit the winning runs on his home ground as he and Burke made the 36/0 required.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [22, 70], "content_span": [71, 192]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076596-0031-0000", "contents": "1958\u201359 Ashes series, Fourth Test \u2013 Adelaide, Result\nAustralia won the Test by 10 wickets, the series 3\u20130 and regained the Ashes lost in 1953.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [22, 52], "content_span": [53, 142]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076596-0032-0000", "contents": "1958\u201359 Ashes series, Fourth Test \u2013 Adelaide, Result\nCongratulations to Australia, they were the better team...I felt that with Laker not fit we had to gamble on the first morning. I thought this was the best way to win the match, but it did not come off. Richie Benaud has a fine team; he inspired them in the field and the team brought off some wonderful catches, and generally I thought Australia's out-cricket was some of the best I have seen. We never got the starts we would have liked and injuries on the tour generally affected the batting, but I have no excuses to offer.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [22, 52], "content_span": [53, 580]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076596-0033-0000", "contents": "1958\u201359 Ashes series, Fifth Test \u2013 Melbourne\nAnd so Australia won the match by a very convincing margin of nine wickets and put the finishing touches to the biggest defeat England had suffered in a Test series for some time. It was the first time in forty-seven years that the captain on winning the toss had sent in the opposition and won a Test match in the England\u2013Australia series. Australia had England on the run from the moment Benaud maintained an aggressive approach to the game, as well he might, being so much on top during the series.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [22, 44], "content_span": [45, 546]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076596-0034-0000", "contents": "1958\u201359 Ashes series, Fifth Test \u2013 Melbourne, Preliminaries\nIn the 1950\u201351 Ashes series the MCC tour manager Freddie Brown arrived at Melbourne for the Fifth and final Test having lost the series 4\u20130, but won the match and won a great ovation from the Australian crowd who admired his fighting spirit throughout the series. He now arrived with Peter May's team hoping to do the same and the players were keen to salvage something from the tour.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [22, 59], "content_span": [60, 444]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076596-0034-0001", "contents": "1958\u201359 Ashes series, Fifth Test \u2013 Melbourne, Preliminaries\nArthur Milton was sent home with his broken finger, Brian Statham and Peter Loader had been injured in a car accident when their tyre blew, Godfrey Evans was still recovering from his broken finger and Willie Watson suffered a groin strain bowling in the nets. This reduced the touring team to 13 fit players, but Jim Laker was ready to play and returned to the team with Ted Dexter and Roy Swetman. Tony Lock's 5 wickets had cost 75.20 and was dropped in favour of debutant off-spinner John Mortimore.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [22, 59], "content_span": [60, 562]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076596-0034-0002", "contents": "1958\u201359 Ashes series, Fifth Test \u2013 Melbourne, Preliminaries\nThis was a surprise for the Australians, but even more so to Lock, who heard the news on the radio. The home team dropped batsman Les Favell in favour of the fast bowler Ian Meckiff whose bruised foot had healed. Mel McInnes was replaced as umpire by Les Townsend in his only Test as umpire.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [22, 59], "content_span": [60, 351]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076596-0035-0000", "contents": "1958\u201359 Ashes series, Fifth Test \u2013 Melbourne, England first innings\nFor the first time in the series Richie Benaud won the toss and took the unusual step of putting England into bat, but he had four fast bowlers in his team and wanted to use them in the humid, swinging conditions. In the second over Ray Lindwall's first ball swung away and Trevor Bailey was caught first ball by Alan Davidson in third slip to give him his 216th Test wicket and equal Clarrie Grimmett's Australian record.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [22, 67], "content_span": [68, 490]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076596-0035-0001", "contents": "1958\u201359 Ashes series, Fifth Test \u2013 Melbourne, England first innings\nJust before the Test Bailey had given a talk to the inmates of HMP Pentridge and had been asked if he had ever been out first ball in a Test match. He said he had not, but retained his sense of humour as he ordered roast duck for dinner after his dismissal. Peter May fell to Meckiff and England were 13/2, but Peter Richardson made a dogged 68 by forgoing his favourate deflections through the slips which had cost his wicket so many times.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [22, 67], "content_span": [68, 509]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076596-0035-0002", "contents": "1958\u201359 Ashes series, Fifth Test \u2013 Melbourne, England first innings\nHe added 48 with Colin Cowdrey (22) and 48 again with Tom Graveney (19), taking the score to 109/3. Tom Graveney was dismissed by Benaud; \"I remember him getting me out in the 1958\u201359 Melbourne Test by attacking my leg stump. He bowled me two half-volleys, the first of which I drove hard to Colin McDonald at mid-on. The second was just a fraction slower, and I was committed to the stroke before I spotted it. McDonald held the catch and the critics put it down to another casual shot from Graveney.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [22, 67], "content_span": [68, 569]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076596-0035-0003", "contents": "1958\u201359 Ashes series, Fifth Test \u2013 Melbourne, England first innings\nThey did not seem to notice the crafty part that Benaud had played in my dismissal\". Ted Dexter was out first ball to Meckiff (2/57), Roy Swetman for 1 off Davidson and Richardson was caught and bowled by Benaud to leave England 128/7. Debutant John Mortimore showed his all round skills with an unbeaten 44, adding 63 with Fred Trueman (21) before Benaud (4/43) and Davidson (3/38) finished off the innings for 205 early on the second day.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [22, 67], "content_span": [68, 508]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076596-0036-0000", "contents": "1958\u201359 Ashes series, Fifth Test \u2013 Melbourne, Australia first innings\nThe pitch still had some life when Fred Trueman and Frank Tyson opened the bowling, and Trueman was able to swing the ball. When Colin McDonald was on 12 he found one of his bails had fallen off his stumps, but an appeal for hit wicket was disallowed, though McDonald later thought that he must have hit the stumps when starting for a run. He also gave a catch to John Mortimore at short-leg, but the fieldman slipped on the wet ground and missed it.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [22, 69], "content_span": [70, 520]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076596-0036-0001", "contents": "1958\u201359 Ashes series, Fifth Test \u2013 Melbourne, Australia first innings\nJim Burke showed a marked dislike to the short-pitched bowling and both bowlers exploited this until he lobbed a catch to Trueman off a Tyson bouncer. Jim Laker had a temperature and sore throat, but came on to bowl with Mortimore, but neither off-spinner could get the ball to turn like Benaud's wrist spin, which usually had an advantage in Australia. McDonald was now comfortable and was using his favourite cut stroke to make runs, but Neil Harvey was not comfortable against the faster bowling and Trueman had him caught by Roy Swetman off a beautiful out-swinger.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [22, 69], "content_span": [70, 639]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076596-0036-0002", "contents": "1958\u201359 Ashes series, Fifth Test \u2013 Melbourne, Australia first innings\nNorm O'Neill came in to bat and on \"a good day for batting and with an appreciative crowd in attendance I felt like a million\", but was caught by Colin Cowdrey in the gully off Fred Trueman for a first ball duck. Four years later in the Second Test on the same ground he was dismissed in exactly the same manner for another first ball duck. This left Australia 83/3, but McDonald (133) added 71 with Ken Mackay (23) and 53 with Alan Davidson (17), who was bowled for Mortimore's first Test wicket.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [22, 69], "content_span": [70, 567]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076596-0036-0003", "contents": "1958\u201359 Ashes series, Fifth Test \u2013 Melbourne, Australia first innings\nMcDonald fell to Laker (4/92) at 209/6 and England were still in the game. \"Slasher\" Mackay batted for two hours to reach 22 and was given a slow hand clap by the impatient crowd of 50,000. Richie Benaud (64) and Wally Grout (74, his highest Test score) hastened the scoring rate, made 115 and for the only time in the series a hundred runs was made in a session as they hooked away at the bowlers feeding them short balls.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [22, 69], "content_span": [70, 493]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076596-0036-0004", "contents": "1958\u201359 Ashes series, Fifth Test \u2013 Melbourne, Australia first innings\nLaker got them both out in the end and Trueman was given the new ball as Ray Lindwall came to the crease. In 1953 Lindwall had hit Trueman with a wicked bouncer that \"hit me so hard in the shoulder blade that I thought someone had stuck a carving knife in it\". Trueman had sworn revenge, but had had to wait for five years. He got Lindwall out with a ball that ricocheted off his bat handle onto his forehead into the hands of Colin Cowdrey at slip. The Yorkshireman caught and bowled Meckiff and Swetman caught Benaud off Laker to finish the innings on 351, 146 runs ahead.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [22, 69], "content_span": [70, 644]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076596-0037-0000", "contents": "1958\u201359 Ashes series, Fifth Test \u2013 Melbourne, England second innings\nBenaud gave a suitably motivated Lindwall the new ball and he bowled as well as he ever had, making the ball swing more than the Englishmen and bowling Trevor Bailey for a duck to record his record 217th Test wicket, the same batsman who had given him his 100th Ashes Test wicket four years before. Peter May received a torrid over, playing and missing several times in a row before he edged the ball though the slips and then to Neil Harvey.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [22, 68], "content_span": [69, 511]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076596-0037-0001", "contents": "1958\u201359 Ashes series, Fifth Test \u2013 Melbourne, England second innings\nLindall (3/37) was given a standing ovation as he left the field on the third day with England 22/2. He chased down Trueman to complain about the bouncer who told him \"I'd played bugger all in the way of cricket in that summer of '53, when I came up against you at the Oval. You bowled me a bouncer then, but I didn't squeal of moan about it\". Lindwall said \"Christ! You still remember that?...I made a promise to myself to buy you a beer after that Test but never got round to it.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [22, 68], "content_span": [69, 550]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076596-0037-0002", "contents": "1958\u201359 Ashes series, Fifth Test \u2013 Melbourne, England second innings\nWhat says you keep me to that promise now?\" and they went to the bar. Peter Richardson (23) held off the bowlers for over two hours and put on 66 with Colin Cowdrey who looked in fine form with seven boundaries in his 44. He was run out when he trotted in for a single, even though the umpire was unsighted by the wicket-keeper Wally Grout. Cowdrey took strike again unaware of his dismissal until he was asked to depart.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [22, 68], "content_span": [69, 490]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076596-0037-0003", "contents": "1958\u201359 Ashes series, Fifth Test \u2013 Melbourne, England second innings\nRichie Benaud had strained a muscle batting and Ian Meckiff damaged his Achilles tendon again so the bulk of the bowling fell to Alan Davidson (2/95). Tom Graveney made 54 and looked as good as ever, but he only got support from Trueman who tried to hit every ball and either pulled off a perfect stroke or missed completely in an entertaining 36. The young Gordon Rorke (3/41) took the last three wickets and England were out for 214.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [22, 68], "content_span": [69, 504]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076596-0038-0000", "contents": "1958\u201359 Ashes series, Fifth Test \u2013 Melbourne, Australia second innings\nColin McDonald made most of the opportunity to make more runs with an unbeaten 51 out of 69/1, but Jim Burke was given a barrage of short balls until his missed a shooter from Frank Tyson (1/20) and was out l.b.w. for 13.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [22, 70], "content_span": [71, 292]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076596-0039-0000", "contents": "1958\u201359 Ashes series, Fifth Test \u2013 Melbourne, Result\nAustralia won by 9 wickets to complete a 4\u20130 series win. It was the first time that a captain had put the opposition in to bat and won in an Ashes Test since Johnny Douglas in the  on the same Melbourne Cricket Ground in the 1911\u201312 Ashes series.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [22, 52], "content_span": [53, 299]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076596-0040-0000", "contents": "1958\u201359 Ashes series, Series averages\nAs was the convention of the time gentleman amateurs have their initials in front of their surname and professional players have their initials after their name, if used at all. The Australians were all amateurs until the Packer Revolution, even though they played like professionals.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [22, 37], "content_span": [38, 322]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076596-0041-0000", "contents": "1958\u201359 Ashes series, Press corps\nThe English press corps sent to cover the Ashes was larger than the MCC touring team, which excited comment at the time. Even as late as 1932\u201333 the newspapers had sent two men to cover the series; a ghost-writer for Jack Hobbs and a tennis correspondent.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [22, 33], "content_span": [34, 289]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076596-0041-0001", "contents": "1958\u201359 Ashes series, Press corps\nThe 1958\u201359 corps formed a considerable body of cricket knowledge; L. N. Bailey, Alex Bannister, Alec Bedser, Bill Bowes, Charles Bray, Brian Chapman, John Clarke, Charles Fortune, Harry Gee, John Kay, Ian Peebles, R. A. Roberts, Frank Rostron, Denys Rowbotham, E. W. Swanton, Johnny Wardle (who had been selected for the tour until sacked by Yorkshire), Crawford White, and John Woodcock.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [22, 33], "content_span": [34, 423]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076597-0000-0000", "contents": "1958\u201359 Aston Villa F.C. season\nThe 1958\u201359 English football season was Aston Villa's 58th season in the Football League, this season playing in the Football League First Division. Villa were relegated for the second time in their history.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [31, 31], "content_span": [32, 239]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076597-0001-0000", "contents": "1958\u201359 Aston Villa F.C. season\nLocal rival \"Wolves\" achieved the double over Villa, part of a run of seven between 1957 and 1960.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [31, 31], "content_span": [32, 130]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076598-0000-0000", "contents": "1958\u201359 Atlantic Coast Conference men's basketball season, NIT\nLeague rules prevented ACC teams from playing in the NIT, 1954\u20131966", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 57], "section_span": [59, 62], "content_span": [63, 130]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076599-0000-0000", "contents": "1958\u201359 Auburn Tigers men's basketball team\nThe 1958\u201359 Auburn Tigers men's basketball team represented Auburn University in the 1958\u201359 college basketball season. The team's head coach was Joel Eaves, who was in his tenth season at Auburn. The team played their home games at Auburn Sports Arena in Auburn, Alabama. They finished the season 20\u20132, 12\u20132 in SEC play.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 43], "section_span": [43, 43], "content_span": [44, 365]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076600-0000-0000", "contents": "1958\u201359 Austrian Hockey League season\nThe 1958\u201359 Austrian Hockey League season was the 29th season of the Austrian Hockey League, the top level of ice hockey in Austria. Six teams participated in the league, and EV Innsbruck won the championship.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [37, 37], "content_span": [38, 247]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076601-0000-0000", "contents": "1958\u201359 Austrian football championship, Overview\nIt was contested by 14 teams, and Wiener Sportclub won the championship.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 48], "content_span": [49, 121]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076603-0000-0000", "contents": "1958\u201359 Belgian First Division, Overview\nIt was contested by 16 teams, and R.S.C. Anderlecht won the championship.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 40], "content_span": [41, 114]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076604-0000-0000", "contents": "1958\u201359 Be\u015fikta\u015f J.K. season\nThe 1958\u201359 season was the club's 40th official season and their 56th year in existence. The club participated in the final season of the \u0130stanbul Football League finishing in 5th place, behind Fenerbah\u00e7e, Galatasaray, Karag\u00fcmr\u00fck and \u0130stanbulspor. By finishing in the top 8, the team qualified for the inaugural season of the new national league; Turkish First Football League. By winning the Turkish Federation Cup a season ago Be\u015fikta\u015f qualified for the European Cup, but lost to Real Madrid 1-3 on aggregate (0-2 away, 1-1 home) in the first round. Real Madrid however would go on to win the cup for a 4th time. Be\u015fikta\u015f was placed into the \"White Group\" along with Fenerbah\u00e7e, Altay, Izmirspor, Ankarag\u00fcc\u00fc, Hacettepe, Beykoz and \u0130stanbulspor. Be\u015fikta\u015f finished 2nd place behind Fenerbah\u00e7e missing the final match, where Fenerbah\u00e7e would beat Galatasaray for the title.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [28, 28], "content_span": [29, 901]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076604-0001-0000", "contents": "1958\u201359 Be\u015fikta\u015f J.K. season, \u0130stanbul Football League\nBe\u015fikta\u015f played in the final season of the \u0130stanbul Football League. They finished 5th.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 54], "content_span": [55, 142]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076604-0002-0000", "contents": "1958\u201359 Be\u015fikta\u015f J.K. season, Turkish First Football League\nIn the first season of the Turkish First Football League (now Turkish Super League), Be\u015fikta\u015f finished 2nd behind Fenerbah\u00e7e, thereby failing to qualify for the final.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 59], "content_span": [60, 227]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076604-0003-0000", "contents": "1958\u201359 Be\u015fikta\u015f J.K. season, European Cup\nBe\u015fikta\u015f became the first Turkish team to qualify for the European Cup. They qualified in 1957 but the Turkish Football Federation didn't send their name for the draw, therefore being disqualified. They beat Olympiacos F.C. in the preliminary round by a w/o because Olympiacos withdrew from the competition. In the first round they played the defending champions Real Madrid. In the first leg Be\u015fikta\u015f lost 0-2 and in the second leg they tied 1-1. Real Madrid won 3-1 on the aggregate.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 42], "content_span": [43, 528]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076605-0000-0000", "contents": "1958\u201359 Birmingham City F.C. season\nThe 1958\u201359 Football League season was Birmingham City Football Club's 56th in the Football League and their 32nd in the First Division. After spending the first half of the season towards the bottom of the division, they finished in 9th position in the 22-team division. They entered the 1958\u201359 FA Cup at the third round proper and lost to Nottingham Forest in the fifth round after two replays. In the Inter-Cities Fairs Cup, Birmingham progressed through two rounds to reach the semi-final, which was not played until the 1959\u201360 season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [35, 35], "content_span": [36, 577]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076605-0001-0000", "contents": "1958\u201359 Birmingham City F.C. season\nTowards the end of the season, Birmingham and England full-back Jeff Hall contracted polio and died, only 14 days after the last match in which he played. The death of a young, fit, international footballer helped to kick-start widespread public acceptance in Britain of the need for vaccination. Though the disease was generally feared and the Salk vaccine was available, takeup had been slow. In the weeks following Hall's death, and after his widow spoke on television about her loss, demand for immunisation rocketed. Emergency vaccination clinics had to be set up and supplies of vaccine flown in from the United States to cope with the demand.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [35, 35], "content_span": [36, 685]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076605-0002-0000", "contents": "1958\u201359 Birmingham City F.C. season\nIn January 1958, Pat Beasley joined the club. Beasley had believed he was coming as assistant to manager Arthur Turner, but chairman Harry Morris announced to the press that he was to be appointed joint manager. Turner, who found about this arrangement not from the club but from the press, threatened to resign. He was persuaded to stay \"for the time being\", but finally left in September 1958, and Beasley took over as manager. Twenty-four players made at least one appearance in nationally organised first-team competition, and there were thirteen different goalscorers. Half backs Dick Neal and Johnny Watts played in 49 and 48 of the 52 first-team matches over the season, and Bunny Larkin finished as leading goalscorer with 23 goals in all competitions, of which 18 were scored in the league.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [35, 35], "content_span": [36, 835]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076606-0000-0000", "contents": "1958\u201359 Blackpool F.C. season\nThe 1958\u201359 season was Blackpool F.C. 's 51st season (48th consecutive) in the Football League. They competed in the 22-team Division One, then the top tier of English football, finishing eighth.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [29, 29], "content_span": [30, 225]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076606-0001-0000", "contents": "1958\u201359 Blackpool F.C. season\nThis was Ron Suart's first season as manager, after his succession of the long-serving Joe Smith.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [29, 29], "content_span": [30, 127]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076606-0002-0000", "contents": "1958\u201359 Blackpool F.C. season\nRay Charnley was the club's top scorer, with 26 goals (20 in the league and six in the FA Cup).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [29, 29], "content_span": [30, 125]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076607-0000-0000", "contents": "1958\u201359 Boston Bruins season\nThe 1958\u201359 Boston Bruins season was the Bruins' 35th season in the NHL.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [28, 28], "content_span": [29, 101]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076607-0001-0000", "contents": "1958\u201359 Boston Bruins season, Offseason\nClaimed Jen-Guy Gendron and Gord Redahl from the New York Rangers, Earl Reibel from Chicago. Traded Allan Stanley to Toronto for Jim Morrison.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 39], "content_span": [40, 182]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076607-0002-0000", "contents": "1958\u201359 Boston Bruins season, Playoffs\nThis would be the last playoff appearance for the Bruins for the next seven seasons; the team would next make the playoffs in 1968. The Bruins lost a very close seven game semi-final series to Toronto.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 38], "content_span": [39, 240]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076607-0003-0000", "contents": "1958\u201359 Boston Bruins season, Playoffs\nAfter the playoffs were concluded, the Bruins and the New York Rangers embarked on a 23-game European exhibition tour which saw them play in ten European cities. Andy Bathgate of the Rangers could not make the tour so his place was taken by Bobby Hull of the Chicago Blackhawks. Hull scored 50 goals in the 23 exhibition games and blossomed into a star in the next NHL season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 38], "content_span": [39, 415]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076608-0000-0000", "contents": "1958\u201359 Boston Celtics season\nThe 1958\u201359 Boston Celtics season was the 13th season for the franchise in the National Basketball Association (NBA). The Celtics finished the season by winning their second NBA Championship.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [29, 29], "content_span": [30, 221]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076609-0000-0000", "contents": "1958\u201359 Botola\nThe 1958\u201359 Botola is the 3rd season of the Moroccan Premier League. \u00c9toile de Casablanca are the holders of the title.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [14, 14], "content_span": [15, 134]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076610-0000-0000", "contents": "1958\u201359 Bradford City A.F.C. season\nThe 1958\u201359 Bradford City A.F.C. season was the 46th in the club's history.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [35, 35], "content_span": [36, 111]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076610-0001-0000", "contents": "1958\u201359 Bradford City A.F.C. season\nThe club finished 11th in Division Three, and reached the 4th round of the FA Cup.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [35, 35], "content_span": [36, 118]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076611-0000-0000", "contents": "1958\u201359 Brentford F.C. season\nDuring the 1958\u201359 English football season, Brentford competed in the Football League Third Division. Despite 32 goals from Jim Towers and 22 from George Francis, a number of defeats to low-placed clubs early in the season prevented the Bees from finishing higher than 3rd, one place away from promotion.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [29, 29], "content_span": [30, 334]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076611-0001-0000", "contents": "1958\u201359 Brentford F.C. season, Season summary\nAfter narrowly missing out on promotion in 1957\u201358, Brentford entered the 1958\u201359 Third Division season full of confidence. Despite making a profit of \u00a36,789 on the previous season (equivalent to \u00a3159,800 in 2021), manager Malky MacDonald decided not to add to his squad and instead planned for the future by bringing in a number of Scottish youngsters. Brentford began the season with a resounding 4\u20130 victory over Bradford City, hitting top spot, but dropped back after three consecutive defeats.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 45], "content_span": [46, 544]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076611-0001-0001", "contents": "1958\u201359 Brentford F.C. season, Season summary\nBy the time the Bees drew 1\u20131 with Chesterfield on 4 October 1958, the team's inconsistency could be clearly pointed to a lack of support for forwards Jim Towers and George Francis, who had scored 13 of the team's 17 goals by that point of the season. In response, manager MacDonald paid \u00a36,000 for Luton Town's outside left George McLeod. After defeats to Stockport County and Reading in late October, the team recovered and began to perform on a consistent basis.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 45], "content_span": [46, 511]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076611-0002-0000", "contents": "1958\u201359 Brentford F.C. season, Season summary\nBrentford had a morale-boosting run to the fourth round of the FA Cup, eliminating Exeter City, King's Lynn and Barnsley on the way to a 2\u20130 defeat to First Division club West Bromwich Albion in front of 41,440 at The Hawthorns. A 6\u20130 win over Southampton at The Dell on 9 March 1959 (which set a new club record for biggest away Football League win) established the Bees as promotion contenders.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 45], "content_span": [46, 442]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076611-0002-0001", "contents": "1958\u201359 Brentford F.C. season, Season summary\nThree victories and two draws from the following five matches (which included a win and a draw versus leaders Plymouth Argyle) saw Brentford increase their grip on 3rd place in the table, though at a cost to season-ending injuries to Ian Dargie and Len Newcombe. Defeats in crucial matches versus fellow promotion challengers Norwich City and Hull City in early April effectively ended the Bees' promotion charge and all hope of promotion mathematically ended with two matches left to play. Brentford finished the season in 3rd place.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 45], "content_span": [46, 580]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076611-0003-0000", "contents": "1958\u201359 Brentford F.C. season, Season summary\nJim Towers' 37 goals scored in all competitions during the season was just two goals shy of Jack Holliday's club record of 39, set in the Third Division South in 1932\u201333. Towers' strike partner George Francis also finished amongst the top scorers in the Third Division, with 22 goals and 24 in all competitions. Brentford finished the 1958\u201359 season with the best defensive record in the Third Division, conceding only 49 goals and also conceding the fewest away goals (27).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 45], "content_span": [46, 520]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076611-0003-0001", "contents": "1958\u201359 Brentford F.C. season, Season summary\nA new club record for most league away draws (10) was set during the season and the club record for fewest goalscorers in a season was equalled. The 20 players used in all competitions was the lowest since the end of the Second World War and three players finishing the season as ever-presents in all 50 matches was another post-war record.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 45], "content_span": [46, 386]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076612-0000-0000", "contents": "1958\u201359 British Home Championship\nThe 1958\u201359 British Home Championship was a football tournament played between the British Home Nations. It came the year after the notable failure of England and Scotland to impress at the 1958 FIFA World Cup, for which all four nations qualified for the only time. Wales and Northern Ireland were the only achievers, both reaching the quarter-finals after playoffs.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [33, 33], "content_span": [34, 401]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076612-0001-0000", "contents": "1958\u201359 British Home Championship\nMany of these problems stemmed also from the deaths of a number of international players from some teams in the Munich Air Disaster the year before. During the Home Championship, the Ireland team took the unusual step of flying to Madrid for a friendly game against Spain between the matches against England and Scotland. The trip was, however, not a success, the Irish losing 2\u20136 with goals from Billy Bingham and Jimmy McIlroy.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [33, 33], "content_span": [34, 463]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076612-0002-0000", "contents": "1958\u201359 British Home Championship\nFor the second successive year, the tournament was tied between England and Ireland, as both managed a draw and a win against the other two teams in addition to the high-scoring mutual draw which began the competition. Scotland came second after comfortably beating Wales, drawing with the Irish but then narrowly losing to England in London, which cost them a share of first place. Wales recovered from their defeat to the Scots to draw with England in the second match but lost heavily to the Irish in their final game, and so finished last.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [33, 33], "content_span": [34, 577]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076613-0000-0000", "contents": "1958\u201359 British National League season\nThe 1958\u201359 British National League season was the fifth season of the British National League. Four teams participated in the league, and the Paisley Pirates won the championship.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [38, 38], "content_span": [39, 219]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076614-0000-0000", "contents": "1958\u201359 Bulgarian Cup\nThe 1958\u201359 Bulgarian Cup was the 19th season of the Bulgarian Cup (in this period the tournament was named Cup of the Soviet Army). Levski Sofia won the competition, beating Spartak Plovdiv 1\u20130 in the final at the Vasil Levski National Stadium in Sofia.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [21, 21], "content_span": [22, 276]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076615-0000-0000", "contents": "1958\u201359 Bulgarian Hockey League season\nThe 1958\u201359 Bulgarian Hockey League season was the seventh season of the Bulgarian Hockey League, the top level of ice hockey in Bulgaria. Nine teams participated in the league, and Cerveno Zname Sofia won the championship.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [38, 38], "content_span": [39, 262]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076616-0000-0000", "contents": "1958\u201359 California Golden Bears men's basketball team\nThe 1958\u201359 California Golden Bears men's basketball team represented the University of California, Berkeley in NCAA University Division basketball competition. Led by fifth-year head coach Pete Newell, the Golden Bears won their only national championship.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 53], "section_span": [53, 53], "content_span": [54, 311]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076616-0001-0000", "contents": "1958\u201359 California Golden Bears men's basketball team, Season Summary\nCal wasn\u2019t a team that thrilled many people beyond its own fans. One writer described the Bears as \"just a bunch of guys named Joe.\" But Cal was coached by one of the greats, Pete Newell, and his team-oriented, defensive style won the national championship as the Bears beat two teams in the Final Four that featured two of the best guards in history, Cincinnati (Oscar Robertson) and West Virginia (Jerry West).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 53], "section_span": [55, 69], "content_span": [70, 482]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076616-0002-0000", "contents": "1958\u201359 California Golden Bears men's basketball team, NBA draft\nTwo Golden Bears were selected in the next two NBA drafts", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 53], "section_span": [55, 64], "content_span": [65, 122]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076617-0000-0000", "contents": "1958\u201359 Cardiff City F.C. season\nThe 1958\u201359 season was Cardiff City F.C. 's 32nd season in the Football League. They competed in the 22-team Division Two, then the second tier of English football, finishing ninth.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [32, 32], "content_span": [33, 214]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076617-0001-0000", "contents": "1958\u201359 Cardiff City F.C. season, Players\nNote: Flags indicate national team as defined under FIFA eligibility rules. Players may hold more than one non-FIFA nationality.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 41], "content_span": [42, 170]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076618-0000-0000", "contents": "1958\u201359 Carlisle United F.C. season\nFor the 1958\u201359 season, Carlisle United F.C. competed in Football League Division Four.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [35, 35], "content_span": [36, 123]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076619-0000-0000", "contents": "1958\u201359 Celtic F.C. season\nDuring the 1958\u201359 Scottish football season, Celtic competed in Scottish Division One.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [26, 26], "content_span": [27, 113]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076620-0000-0000", "contents": "1958\u201359 Challenge Cup\nThe 1958\u201359 Challenge Cup was the 58th staging of rugby league's oldest knockout competition, the Challenge Cup.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [21, 21], "content_span": [22, 134]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076620-0001-0000", "contents": "1958\u201359 Challenge Cup\nThe final was contested by Wigan and Hull F.C. at Wembley Stadium in London.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [21, 21], "content_span": [22, 98]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076620-0002-0000", "contents": "1958\u201359 Challenge Cup\nThe final was played on Saturday 9 May 1959, where Wigan beat Hull 30\u201313 in front of a crowd of 79,811.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [21, 21], "content_span": [22, 125]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076620-0003-0000", "contents": "1958\u201359 Challenge Cup\nThe Lance Todd Trophy was awarded to Wigan second-row Brian McTigue.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [21, 21], "content_span": [22, 90]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076621-0000-0000", "contents": "1958\u201359 Chester F.C. season\nThe 1958\u201359 season was the 21st season of competitive association football in the Football League played by Chester, an English club based in Chester, Cheshire.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [27, 27], "content_span": [28, 188]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076621-0001-0000", "contents": "1958\u201359 Chester F.C. season\nChester competed in the newly formed Fourth Division. Alongside competing in the Football League the club also participated in the FA Cup and the Welsh Cup.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [27, 27], "content_span": [28, 184]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076622-0000-0000", "contents": "1958\u201359 Chicago Black Hawks season\nThe 1958\u201359 Chicago Black Hawks season was the team's 33rd season in the NHL, and the club was coming off of a fifth-place finish in 1957\u201358, as they finished the year 24\u201339\u20137, earning 55 points, which was their highest point total since last making the playoffs in 1952\u201353.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [34, 34], "content_span": [35, 309]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076622-0001-0000", "contents": "1958\u201359 Chicago Black Hawks season\nIt was a quiet off-season for the Black Hawks, who made no major moves. The team named Ed Litzenberger the new team captain, as the spot was left vacant for the 1957\u201358 season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [34, 34], "content_span": [35, 211]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076622-0002-0000", "contents": "1958\u201359 Chicago Black Hawks season\nChicago would get off to a good start, going unbeaten in their first four games, before going on a six-game winless streak to drop them under .500. The Black Hawks would hover around the .500 mark all season long, and as a result, the team set a club record with 28 victories, and tied the club record by earning 69 points, as the Black Hawks qualified for the post-season for the first time since 1952\u201353. Chicago finished in third place, which was their highest finish in the standings since finishing third in the 1945\u201346 season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [34, 34], "content_span": [35, 567]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076622-0003-0000", "contents": "1958\u201359 Chicago Black Hawks season\nOffensively, Chicago was led by Ed Litzenberger, who led the club with 33 goals and 77 points. His 77 points tied a club record originally set by Max Bentley in 1943\u201344. Tod Sloan finished with 27 goals and 62 points, while Ted Lindsay rebounded from a poor 1957\u201358 season by scoring 22 goals and 58 points, while leading the NHL with 181 penalty minutes. Bobby Hull had a solid season, scoring 18 goals and 50 points. On the blueline, Pierre Pilote led the way, scoring 7 goals and 37 points, while Moose Vasko chipped in with 6 goals and 10 assists for 16 points.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [34, 34], "content_span": [35, 600]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076622-0004-0000", "contents": "1958\u201359 Chicago Black Hawks season\nIn goal, Glenn Hall had all the playing time for the second straight season, as he won a club record 28 games and posted a 2.97 GAA, along with a shutout.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [34, 34], "content_span": [35, 189]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076622-0005-0000", "contents": "1958\u201359 Chicago Black Hawks season\nChicago would face the Montreal Canadiens in the best of seven NHL semi-final. The Canadiens finished the year on top of the NHL standings with 91 points, and had won the Stanley Cup three years in a row. The series opened at the Montreal Forum, and the Canadiens took control of the series, winning the opening two games by scores of 4\u20132 and 5\u20131 to take the 2\u20130 series lead.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [34, 34], "content_span": [35, 410]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076622-0005-0001", "contents": "1958\u201359 Chicago Black Hawks season\nThe series moved to Chicago Stadium for the next two games, and the Black Hawks responded, winning their first playoff games since 1953, as they defeated Montreal 4\u20132 and 3\u20132 to even the series up at two games a piece. The series returned to Montreal for the fifth game, and the heavily favored Canadiens put the Black Hawks on the brink of elimination with a 4\u20132 win to take a 3\u20132 series lead. Montreal ended the series in the sixth game in Chicago, hanging on for a 5\u20134 victory to win the series.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [34, 34], "content_span": [35, 533]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076623-0000-0000", "contents": "1958\u201359 Cincinnati Bearcats men's basketball team\nThe 1958\u201359 Cincinnati Bearcats men's basketball team represented University of Cincinnati. The head coach was George Smith.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 49], "section_span": [49, 49], "content_span": [50, 174]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076624-0000-0000", "contents": "1958\u201359 Cincinnati Royals season\nThe 1958\u201359 Cincinnati Royal season was the 14th season of the franchise, its 11th season in the NBA and second season in Cincinnati.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [32, 32], "content_span": [33, 166]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076624-0001-0000", "contents": "1958\u201359 Cincinnati Royals season\nThis season is being one of the most notorious seasons faced by an NBA team in the league's history. The reason was the tragic career-ending head injury to star Maurice Stokes, who became permanently hospitalized at the age of 24 at the end of the previous season, which had been the team's first in Cincinnati. The loss of Stokes shocked six other roster players into retirement. Also, the team had been sold to new, inexperienced local ownership and also soon had to replace their coach. Star shooter Jack Twyman returned for the club as the only returnee from a year ago. Had Twyman accepted other offers that year, the team would have likely folded.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [32, 32], "content_span": [33, 686]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076624-0002-0000", "contents": "1958\u201359 Cincinnati Royals season\nSt. Louis owner Ben Kerner, a long-time friend of previous owners Les and Jack Harrison, agreed to help the club. He sent five players to the Royals in return for All-Pro Clyde Lovellette and the rights to talented Si Green. The result was a diluted roster of rookies and journeymen. Two rookies were burly 6-foot 8-inch big man Wayne Embry and 6' 4 defender Arlen \"Bucky\" Bockhorn. Both had to make the team before being offered contracts, and both were pleasant surprises to the beleaguered team. Twyman was far and away the team's only star.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [32, 32], "content_span": [33, 577]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076624-0002-0001", "contents": "1958\u201359 Cincinnati Royals season\nHe scored 25.8 points per game, trying more shots than any player in the league for his new team. The slender 6-foot 6-inch star also led the Royals in rebounds, and came within 16 assists of leading the team there as well. More than that, he mentored the new players and also carried on Stokes's charity causes off the court. He achieved a kind of fame, respect and notoriety unlike any NBA player ever. One of his creations to pay for his fallen teammate's soaring hospital bills was The Maurice Stokes Charity Game, which was played at Kutcher's resort in Monticello, New York, every August. A slew of NBA notables came to play in the event for Stokes every year.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [32, 32], "content_span": [33, 699]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076624-0003-0000", "contents": "1958\u201359 Cincinnati Royals season\nDespite Twyman's starring play, the Royals sank to 19\u201353 this season after contending much of the previous season. To limit over-exposure of a bad product at home, some 17 home games were played elsewhere this season. Several times that year, the team failed to draw 2000 fans to Cincinnati Gardens.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [32, 32], "content_span": [33, 332]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076624-0004-0000", "contents": "1958\u201359 Cincinnati Royals season\nSomehow, the new ownership made it through the season and vowed to carry on. The NBA was of some help, granting territorial draft picks to Oscar Robertson and Ralph Davis from the local University of Cincinnati, as well as local high school player Jerry Lucas.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [32, 32], "content_span": [33, 293]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076625-0000-0000", "contents": "1958\u201359 Colchester United F.C. season\nThe 1958\u201359 season was Colchester United's 17th season in their history and their ninth season in the third tier of English football, the newly formed national Third Division. Alongside competing in the Third Division, the club also participated in the FA Cup. Colchester reached the fourth round of the FA Cup, beating Bath City, Yeovil Town and Chesterfield on their way to meeting Arsenal. Drawn at home, Colchester held Arsenal to a 2\u20132 Layer Road draw, but were defeated 4\u20130 at Highbury in the replay. Colchester finished fifth in the Third Division, nine points shy of promotion.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [37, 37], "content_span": [38, 623]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076625-0001-0000", "contents": "1958\u201359 Colchester United F.C. season, Season overview\nIn the new national Third Division, Colchester excelled against their northern counterparts, winning 21 games, more than half of which were clubs previously in the Third Division North. Colchester finished the season in fifth position, just nine points away from Hull City in second place, and ten behind champions Plymouth Argyle. They also earned a club record win when they beat Stockport County 8\u20132 on 4 October, and a club record away win when they beat Yeovil Town 7\u20131.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [39, 54], "content_span": [55, 530]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076625-0002-0000", "contents": "1958\u201359 Colchester United F.C. season, Season overview\nThe club's main highlight during the campaign was their FA Cup run, their first venture outside of the first round in six seasons. Colchester defeated old Southern League rivals Bath City and Yeovil Town in the first and second rounds, before seeing off Chesterfield to set up a fourth round tie with Arsenal. For the first time local police set a limit on crowd numbers at Layer Road for the Arsenal game with 16,000 witnessing the 2\u20132 draw. 62,686 people watched the replay at Highbury in thick fog as the Gunners ran out 4\u20130 winners.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [39, 54], "content_span": [55, 591]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076625-0003-0000", "contents": "1958\u201359 Colchester United F.C. season, Season overview\nBoth big-money signings from last season, Neil Langman and John Evans, helped repay their transfer fees by scoring 27 and 16 goals respectively. Meanwhile, the proceeds from the Arsenal fixture meant that floodlighting could be installed at Layer Road for the first time.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [39, 54], "content_span": [55, 326]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076625-0004-0000", "contents": "1958\u201359 Colchester United F.C. season, Squad statistics, Player debuts\nPlayers making their first-team Colchester United debut in a fully competitive match.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [39, 70], "content_span": [71, 156]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076626-0000-0000", "contents": "1958\u201359 Connecticut Huskies men's basketball team\nThe 1958\u201359 Connecticut Huskies men's basketball team represented the University of Connecticut in the 1958\u201359 collegiate men's basketball season. The Huskies completed the season with a 17\u20137 overall record. The Huskies were members of the Yankee Conference, where they ended the season with an 8\u20132 record. They were the Yankee Conference regular season champions and made it to the first round in the 1959 NCAA Men's Division I Basketball Tournament. The Huskies played their home games at Hugh S. Greer Field House in Storrs, Connecticut, and were led by thirteenth-year head coach Hugh Greer.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 49], "section_span": [49, 49], "content_span": [50, 645]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076627-0000-0000", "contents": "1958\u201359 Copa M\u00e9xico\nThe Copa M\u00e9xico 1958\u201359 was the 42nd edition of the Copa M\u00e9xico and the 16th staging in the professional era.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [19, 19], "content_span": [20, 129]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076627-0001-0000", "contents": "1958\u201359 Copa M\u00e9xico\nThe competition started on March 15, 1959, and concluded on April 26, 1959, with the Final, held at the Estadio Ol\u00edmpico de la Ciudad de los Deportes in Mexico City, in which Zacatepec defeated Le\u00f3n 1\u20130, a replay of the 1957\u201358 tournament final.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [19, 19], "content_span": [20, 265]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076628-0000-0000", "contents": "1958\u201359 Copa del General\u00edsimo\nThe 1958\u201359 Copa del General\u00edsimo was the 57th staging of the Copa del Rey. The competition began on 21 December 1958 and concluded on 21 June 1959 with the final.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [29, 29], "content_span": [30, 193]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076629-0000-0000", "contents": "1958\u201359 Coppa Italia\nThe 1958\u201359 Coppa Italia was the 12th Coppa Italia, the major Italian domestic cup. The competition was won by Juventus.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [20, 20], "content_span": [21, 141]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076629-0001-0000", "contents": "1958\u201359 Coppa Italia, Second round\n21 clubs are added (Modena, Bari, Atalanta, Cagliari, Catania, Como, Taranto, Messina, Novara, Palermo, Parma, Lecco, Pordenone, Hellas Verona, Prato, Brescia, Reggiana, Sambenedettese, Monza, Vigevano, Venezia).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [22, 34], "content_span": [35, 247]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076629-0002-0000", "contents": "1958\u201359 Coppa Italia, Third round\n10 clubs are added (Alessandria, Roma, Internazionale, Napoli, Vicenza, Torino, Genoa, Triestina, SPAL, Udinese).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [22, 33], "content_span": [34, 147]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076629-0003-0000", "contents": "1958\u201359 Coppa Italia, Round of 16\n8 clubs are added (Bologna, Milan, Fiorentina, Sampdoria, Juventus, Lazio, Marzotto Valdagno, Padova).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [22, 33], "content_span": [34, 136]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076630-0000-0000", "contents": "1958\u201359 Coupe de France\nThe Coupe de France's results of the 1958\u201359 season. Le Havre AC won the final played on May 3 and May 18, 1959, beating FC Sochaux-Montb\u00e9liard.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [23, 23], "content_span": [24, 168]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076631-0000-0000", "contents": "1958\u201359 Cupa Rom\u00e2niei\nThe 1958\u201359 Cupa Rom\u00e2niei was the 21st edition of Romania's most prestigious football cup competition.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [21, 21], "content_span": [22, 124]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076631-0001-0000", "contents": "1958\u201359 Cupa Rom\u00e2niei\nThe title was won by Dinamo Bucure\u0219ti against CSM Baia Mare.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [21, 21], "content_span": [22, 82]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076631-0002-0000", "contents": "1958\u201359 Cupa Rom\u00e2niei, Format\nIn the first round proper, two pots were made, first pot with Divizia A teams and other teams till 16 and the second pot with the rest of teams qualified in this phase. Each tie is played as a single leg.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [23, 29], "content_span": [30, 234]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076631-0003-0000", "contents": "1958\u201359 Cupa Rom\u00e2niei, Format\nIt is the second season in the history of Cupa Rom\u00e2niei when all the games are played on a neutral location.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [23, 29], "content_span": [30, 138]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076631-0004-0000", "contents": "1958\u201359 Cupa Rom\u00e2niei, Format\nIf a match is drawn after 90 minutes, the game goes in extra time, and if the scored is still tight after 120 minutes, then a replay will be played. In case the game is still tight after the replay, then the team from lower division will qualify for the next round.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [23, 29], "content_span": [30, 295]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076631-0005-0000", "contents": "1958\u201359 Cupa Rom\u00e2niei, Format\nFrom the first edition, the teams from Divizia A entered in competition in sixteen finals, rule which remained till today.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [23, 29], "content_span": [30, 152]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076632-0000-0000", "contents": "1958\u201359 Cypriot Cup\nThe 1958\u201359 Cypriot Cup was the 19th edition of the Cypriot Cup. A total of 18 clubs entered the competition. It began on 9 April 1959 with the first round and concluded on 27 June 1959 with the final which was held at GSP Stadium. Anorthosis Famagusta won their 2nd Cypriot Cup trophy after beating AEL Limassol 1\u20130 in the final.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [19, 19], "content_span": [20, 350]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076633-0000-0000", "contents": "1958\u201359 Czechoslovak Extraliga season\nThe 1958\u201359 Czechoslovak Extraliga season was the 16th season of the Czechoslovak Extraliga, the top level of ice hockey in Czechoslovakia. 12 teams participated in the league, and TJ SONP Kladno won the championship.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [37, 37], "content_span": [38, 255]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076634-0000-0000", "contents": "1958\u201359 Czechoslovak First League, Overview\nIt was contested by 14 teams, and CH Bratislava won the championship. Miroslav Wiecek was the league's top scorer with 20 goals.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 43], "content_span": [44, 172]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076635-0000-0000", "contents": "1958\u201359 DDR-Oberliga (ice hockey) season\nThe 1958\u201359 DDR-Oberliga season was the 11th season of the DDR-Oberliga, the top level of ice hockey in East Germany. Seven teams participated in the league, and SG Dynamo Wei\u00dfwasser won the championship.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [40, 40], "content_span": [41, 245]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076636-0000-0000", "contents": "1958\u201359 DFB-Pokal\nThe 1958\u201359 DFB-Pokal was the 16th season of the annual German football cup competition. It began on 3 October 1959 and ended on 27 December 1959. Four teams competed in the tournament of two rounds. In the final Schwarz-Wei\u00df Essen defeated Borussia Neunkirchen 5 \u2013 2.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [17, 17], "content_span": [18, 286]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076637-0000-0000", "contents": "1958\u201359 Detroit Pistons season\nThe 1958\u201359 NBA season was the Pistons' 11th season in the NBA and second season in the city of Detroit.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [30, 30], "content_span": [31, 135]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076638-0000-0000", "contents": "1958\u201359 Detroit Red Wings season\nThe 1958\u201359 Detroit Red Wings season was the Red Wings' 33rd season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [32, 32], "content_span": [33, 101]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076638-0001-0000", "contents": "1958\u201359 Detroit Red Wings season, Player statistics, Regular season\nNote: GP = Games played; G = Goals; A = Assists; Pts = Points; +/- = Plus-minus PIM = Penalty minutes; PPG = Power-play goals; SHG = Short-handed goals; GWG = Game-winning goals;\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0MIN = Minutes played; W = Wins; L = Losses; T = Ties; GA = Goals against; GAA = Goals-against average;  SO = Shutouts;", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 67], "content_span": [68, 370]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076639-0000-0000", "contents": "1958\u201359 Divizia A\nThe 1958\u201359 Divizia A was the forty-first season of Divizia A, the top-level football league of Romania.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [17, 17], "content_span": [18, 122]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076639-0001-0000", "contents": "1958\u201359 Divizia A, Champion squad\nGoalkeepers: Vasile Sfetcu (20 / 0); Constantin Roman (2 / 0). Defenders: Gheorghe Pahon\u021bu (22 / 1); Nicolae Marinescu (22 / 0); Nicolae Top\u0219a (16 / 0). Midfielders: Alexandru Fronea (14 / 1); Ion Neac\u0219u (20 / 0); Nicolae Neac\u0219u (7 / 0); Nicolae Botescu (2 / 0). Forwards: Ion Zaharia (16 / 8); Alexandru Constantinescu (12 / 2); Constantin Tabarcea (22 / 4); Mircea Dridea (18 / 14); Petre Babone (20 / 10); Pavel B\u0103dulescu-Bardatz (18 / 4); Marcel Marin (9 / 3); Gheorghe Voica (1 / 0); Virgil Dridea (1 / 0). (league appearances and goals listed in brackets)", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 33], "content_span": [34, 595]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076640-0000-0000", "contents": "1958\u201359 Divizia B\nThe 1958\u201359 Divizia B was the 19th season of the second tier of the Romanian football league system.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [17, 17], "content_span": [18, 118]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076640-0001-0000", "contents": "1958\u201359 Divizia B\nThe format with two series has been maintained, both of them having 14 teams. At the end of the season only the winner of the first series promoted to Divizia A, because the winner of the second series was ineligible for promotion and no teams relegated to Regional Championship, because the format will be expanded again starting with the next season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [17, 17], "content_span": [18, 370]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076640-0002-0000", "contents": "1958\u201359 Divizia B, Team changes, Renamed teams\nEnergia Recolta T\u00e2rgu Mure\u0219 was renamed as CS T\u00e2rgu Mure\u0219.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 46], "content_span": [47, 105]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076640-0003-0000", "contents": "1958\u201359 Divizia B, Team changes, Other teams\nDinamo Cluj was dissolved, all the players were moved to Dinamo Bac\u0103u, club which also took its place in the first league.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 44], "content_span": [45, 167]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076640-0004-0000", "contents": "1958\u201359 Divizia B, Team changes, Other teams\nDinamo Gala\u021bi took the vacant place left in the second by Dinamo Bac\u0103u.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 44], "content_span": [45, 116]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076641-0000-0000", "contents": "1958\u201359 Drexel Dragons men's basketball team\nThe 1958\u201359 Drexel Dragons men's basketball team represented Drexel Institute of Technology during the 1958\u201359 men's basketball season. The Dragons, led by 7th year head coach Samuel Cozen, played their home games at Sayre High School and were members of the College\u2013Southern division of the Middle Atlantic States Collegiate Athletic Conference (MASCAC).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [44, 44], "content_span": [45, 400]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076641-0001-0000", "contents": "1958\u201359 Drexel Dragons men's basketball team\nThe team finished the season 10\u20139, and finished in 1st place in the MAC in the regular season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [44, 44], "content_span": [45, 139]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076642-0000-0000", "contents": "1958\u201359 Duke Blue Devils men's basketball team\nThe 1958\u201359 Duke Blue Devils men's basketball team represented Duke University in the 1958\u201359 NCAA University Division men's basketball season. The head coach was Harold Bradley and the team finished the season with an overall record of 13\u201312. This was the last season with Harold Bradley as their coach, as he left the following year to Texas.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 46], "section_span": [46, 46], "content_span": [47, 391]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076643-0000-0000", "contents": "1958\u201359 Dumbarton F.C. season\nThe 1958\u201359 season was the 75th football season in which Dumbarton competed at a Scottish national level, entering the Scottish Football League, the Scottish Cup and the Scottish League Cup. In addition Dumbarton played in the Stirlingshire Cup.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [29, 29], "content_span": [30, 275]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076643-0001-0000", "contents": "1958\u201359 Dumbarton F.C. season, Scottish Second Division\nThis was to be another 'almost' season for Dumbarton in Division 2, but as in the previous campaign the final run-in was to be decisive with only one win taken from the last six games. It was to be 4th place again, with 45 points, 15 behind champions Ayr United.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 55], "content_span": [56, 318]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076643-0002-0000", "contents": "1958\u201359 Dumbarton F.C. season, Scottish League Cup\nIn the League Cup, qualification was there for the taking, with 3 wins and a draw from the first 5 games, but a final home defeat to Arbroath meant that Dumbarton would miss out again on progression.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 50], "content_span": [51, 250]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076643-0003-0000", "contents": "1958\u201359 Dumbarton F.C. season, Scottish Cup\nIn the Scottish Cup, after a good win over Highland League opposition, Division 1 opponents Kilmarnock were to prove to be too good for Dumbarton in the second round.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 43], "content_span": [44, 210]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076643-0004-0000", "contents": "1958\u201359 Dumbarton F.C. season, Stirlingshire Cup\nLocally Dumbarton lost out to Stenhousemuir in the semi final of the Stirlingshire Cup.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 48], "content_span": [49, 136]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076643-0005-0000", "contents": "1958\u201359 Dumbarton F.C. season, Friendlies\nAmongst the friendlies played during the season were three matches against English opposition - a 'home and away' tie against Accrington Stanley and an away trip to Colchester United.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 41], "content_span": [42, 225]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076643-0006-0000", "contents": "1958\u201359 Dumbarton F.C. season, Player statistics, Transfers\nAmongst those players joining and leaving the club were the following:", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 59], "content_span": [60, 130]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076643-0007-0000", "contents": "1958\u201359 Dumbarton F.C. season, Reserve team\nDumbarton played a 'reserve' team in the Combined Reserve League. The season was split into two 'series' - with Dumbarton finishing runners up to Morton in the First Series (with 4 wins and 2 draws from 8 games) and winning the Second (with 6 wins from 8 games).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 43], "content_span": [44, 306]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076643-0008-0000", "contents": "1958\u201359 Dumbarton F.C. season, Reserve team\nIn addition, Dumbarton entered the Scottish Second XI Cup but were knocked out in the first round by Rangers.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 43], "content_span": [44, 153]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076644-0000-0000", "contents": "1958\u201359 Dundee F.C. season\nThe 1958\u201359 season was the fifty-seventh season in which Dundee competed at a Scottish national level, playing in Division One, where the club would finish in 4th place, their highest since the 1950\u201351 season. Dundee would also compete in both the Scottish Cup and the Scottish League Cup. They would be knocked out in the group stage of the League Cup, and would be eliminated by Highland League side Fraserburgh in one of the biggest upsets in Scottish Cup history.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [26, 26], "content_span": [27, 494]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076645-0000-0000", "contents": "1958\u201359 Dundee United F.C. season\nThe 1958\u201359 season was the 51st year of football played by Dundee United, and covers the period from 1 July 1958 to 30 June 1959. United finished in seventeenth place in the Second Division.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [33, 33], "content_span": [34, 224]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076645-0001-0000", "contents": "1958\u201359 Dundee United F.C. season, Match results\nDundee United played a total of 46 competitive matches during the 1958\u201359 season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 48], "content_span": [49, 130]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076645-0002-0000", "contents": "1958\u201359 Dundee United F.C. season, Match results, Legend\nAll results are written with Dundee United's score first. Own goals in italics", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 56], "content_span": [57, 135]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076646-0000-0000", "contents": "1958\u201359 Eerste Divisie\nThe Dutch Eerste Divisie in the 1958\u201359 season was contested by 31 teams, divided in one group of sixteen teams and one of fifteen. One team less participated this year, due to the merger of DWS with eredivisie-club BVC Amsterdam. FC Volendam and Sittardia won the championship.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [22, 22], "content_span": [23, 301]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076647-0000-0000", "contents": "1958\u201359 Egyptian Premier League\nThe 1958\u201359 Egyptian Premier League, was the 9th season of the Egyptian Premier League, the top Egyptian professional league for association football clubs, since its establishment in 1948. The season started on 3 October 1958 and concluded on 17 April 1959. Defending champions Al Ahly won their 9th consecutive and 9th overall Egyptian Premier League title in the club history.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [31, 31], "content_span": [32, 411]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076647-0001-0000", "contents": "1958\u201359 Egyptian Premier League, League Table\n(C)= Champions, (R)= Relegated, Pld = Matches played; W = Matches won; D = Matches drawn; L = Matches lost; F = Goals for; A = Goals against; \u00b1 = Goal difference; Pts = Points.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 45], "content_span": [46, 222]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076648-0000-0000", "contents": "1958\u201359 Eintracht Frankfurt season\nThe 1958\u201359 Eintracht Frankfurt season was the 59th season in the club's football history. In 1958\u201359 the club played in the Oberliga S\u00fcd, the top tier of German football. It was the club's 14th season in the Oberliga S\u00fcd.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [34, 34], "content_span": [35, 257]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076648-0001-0000", "contents": "1958\u201359 Eintracht Frankfurt season\nThe season ended up with Eintracht winning the German championship for the first time, beating their local rivals Kickers Offenbach in the final match.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [34, 34], "content_span": [35, 186]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076649-0000-0000", "contents": "1958\u201359 Eredivisie\nThe Dutch Eredivisie in the 1958\u201359 season was contested by 18 teams. Sparta won the championship.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 18], "section_span": [18, 18], "content_span": [19, 117]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076650-0000-0000", "contents": "1958\u201359 European Cup\nThe 1958\u201359 European Cup was the fourth season of the European Cup, Europe's premier club football tournament. The competition was won by Real Madrid for the fourth time in a row, who beat Reims 2\u20130 in the final at Neckarstadion, Stuttgart, on 3 June 1959. The two finalists also competed in the final of the first European Cup in 1956.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [20, 20], "content_span": [21, 357]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076650-0001-0000", "contents": "1958\u201359 European Cup\nIt was the first time that a team from Finland participated. Olympiakos, Greece's first-ever entrants, withdrew for political reasons before playing their first tie. Spain continued to be represented by its runners-up, as its champions Real Madrid had already qualified as holders. This is the first time that Rapid Wien and AGF Aarhus failed to qualify for the tournament, while Standard Li\u00e9ge, Heart of Midlothian, Be\u0219ikta\u0219, NK Dinamo Zagreb, Jeunesse Esch, IFK G\u00f6teborg, Ards, Petrolul Ploie\u0219ti, Atl\u00e9tico Madrid, Drumcondra, Polonia Bytom, KB, Schalke 04, Juventus Turin, Wiener Sportclub, Helsingin Palloseura, Wolverhampton Wanderers and DOS made their debut in competition.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [20, 20], "content_span": [21, 700]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076650-0002-0000", "contents": "1958\u201359 European Cup, Preliminary round\nThe draw for the preliminary round took place in Cannes, France, on Wednesday, 2 July 1958. As title holders, Real Madrid received a bye, and the remaining 27 teams were grouped geographically into three pots. The first drawn team in each pot also received byes, while the remaining clubs would play the preliminary round in September.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [22, 39], "content_span": [40, 375]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076650-0003-0000", "contents": "1958\u201359 European Cup, Preliminary round\nThe calendar was decided by the involved teams, with all matches to be played by 30 September.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [22, 39], "content_span": [40, 134]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076650-0004-0000", "contents": "1958\u201359 European Cup, Preliminary round\nNote: Real Madrid, Wolverhampton Wanderers, CDNA Sofia and HPS received byes.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [22, 39], "content_span": [40, 117]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076650-0005-0000", "contents": "1958\u201359 European Cup, Preliminary round\n1 Olympiacos withdrew due to international political issues, refusing to play in Istanbul following the long-standing tension between Turkey and Greece.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [22, 39], "content_span": [40, 192]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076650-0006-0000", "contents": "1958\u201359 European Cup, Preliminary round\n2 UEFA invited Manchester United to enter the competition after eight of the club's players were killed in the Munich air disaster while returning from a European Cup match in Belgrade the previous season; however, the Football League refused to allow the club to compete. As the draw had already been made for the preliminary round, Manchester United's drawn opponents, Young Boys, were given a bye to the first round of the competition.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [22, 39], "content_span": [40, 478]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076650-0006-0001", "contents": "1958\u201359 European Cup, Preliminary round\nInstead, the two clubs played a pair of friendlies against each other, home and away; Young Boys won the first match 2\u20130 in Bern, but Manchester United won at Old Trafford a week later. The two clubs were again drawn together in the group stage of the 2018\u201319 UEFA Champions League, almost exactly 60 years after they were originally due to play.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [22, 39], "content_span": [40, 386]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076650-0007-0000", "contents": "1958\u201359 European Cup, Preliminary round\n3 IFK G\u00f6teborg beat Jeunesse Esch 5\u20131 in a play-off to qualify for the first round.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [22, 39], "content_span": [40, 123]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076650-0008-0000", "contents": "1958\u201359 European Cup, Preliminary round\n4 Wismut Karl Marx Stadt beat Petrolul Ploie\u015fti 4\u20130 in a play-off to qualify for the first round.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [22, 39], "content_span": [40, 137]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076650-0009-0000", "contents": "1958\u201359 European Cup, Preliminary round\n5 Schalke 04 beat KB 3\u20131 in a play-off to qualify for the first round.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [22, 39], "content_span": [40, 110]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076650-0010-0000", "contents": "1958\u201359 European Cup, First round\n1 Atl\u00e9tico Madrid beat CSKA Sofia 3\u20131 in a playoff to qualify for the quarter-finals.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [22, 33], "content_span": [34, 119]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076650-0011-0000", "contents": "1958\u201359 European Cup, Quarter-finals\n1 Young Boys beat Wismut Karl Marx Stadt 2\u20131 in a playoff to qualify for the semi-finals.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [22, 36], "content_span": [37, 126]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076650-0012-0000", "contents": "1958\u201359 European Cup, Semi-finals\n1 Real Madrid beat Atl\u00e9tico Madrid 2\u20131 in a playoff to qualify for the final", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [22, 33], "content_span": [34, 110]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076650-0013-0000", "contents": "1958\u201359 European Cup, Final\nThe 1959 European Cup Final was played on 3 June 1959 at the Neckarstadion in Stuttgart, West Germany. Real Madrid's victory was their fourth consecutive title, maintaining their status as the only team to have won the competition. Reims were runners-up for a second time, having already lost to Real in the inaugural final in 1956.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [22, 27], "content_span": [28, 360]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076650-0014-0000", "contents": "1958\u201359 European Cup, Top scorers\nThe top scorers from the 1958\u201359 European Cup were as follows:", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [22, 33], "content_span": [34, 96]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076651-0000-0000", "contents": "1958\u201359 European Cup (handball)\nThe 1958\u201359 European Cup was the second edition of Europe's premier club handball tournament.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [31, 31], "content_span": [32, 125]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076652-0000-0000", "contents": "1958\u201359 Everton F.C. season\nDuring the 1958\u201359 English football season, Everton F.C. competed in the Football League First Division.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [27, 27], "content_span": [28, 132]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076652-0001-0000", "contents": "1958\u201359 Everton F.C. season, Final League Table\nP = Matches played; W = Matches won; D = Matches drawn; L = Matches lost; F = Goals for; A = Goals against; GA = Goal average; GD = Goal difference; Pts = Points", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 47], "content_span": [48, 209]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076653-0000-0000", "contents": "1958\u201359 FA Cup\nThe 1958\u201359 FA Cup was the 78th staging of the world's oldest football cup competition, the Football Association Challenge Cup, commonly known as the FA Cup. Nottingham Forest won the competition for the second and, as of 2020, final time, beating Luton Town 2\u20131 in the final at Wembley. This is Luton Town's only appearance in an FA Cup final as of 2020.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [14, 14], "content_span": [15, 370]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076653-0001-0000", "contents": "1958\u201359 FA Cup\nMatches were scheduled to be played at the stadium of the team named first on the date specified for each round, which was always a Saturday. Some matches, however, might be rescheduled for other days if there were clashes with games for other competitions or the weather was inclement. If scores were level after 90 minutes had been played, a replay would take place at the stadium of the second-named team later the same week. If the replayed match was drawn further replays would be held until a winner was determined. If scores were level after 90 minutes had been played in a replay, a 30-minute period of extra time would be played.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [14, 14], "content_span": [15, 653]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076653-0002-0000", "contents": "1958\u201359 FA Cup\nThe competition saw the remarkable progress of Norwich City, then a Division Three team, to the semi-finals, defeating Manchester United and Tottenham Hotspur along the way, before losing in a replay to Luton Town. The \"59 Cup Run\" takes a notable place in Norwich's club history.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [14, 14], "content_span": [15, 295]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076653-0003-0000", "contents": "1958\u201359 FA Cup, First round proper\nAt this stage clubs from the Third and Fourth divisions joined the 30 non-league clubs having come through the qualifying rounds. To complete this round, Woking and Ilford given byes. Matches were scheduled to be played on Saturday, 15 November 1958, although the Bury\u2013York City match was postponed. Ten were drawn and went to replays, with one of those going to a second replay.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [16, 34], "content_span": [35, 414]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076653-0004-0000", "contents": "1958\u201359 FA Cup, Second round proper\nThe matches were scheduled for Saturday, 6 December 1958. Six matches were drawn, with replays taking place later the same week. One match went to a second replay.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [16, 35], "content_span": [36, 199]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076653-0005-0000", "contents": "1958\u201359 FA Cup, Third round proper\nThe 44 First and Second Division clubs entered the competition at this stage. The matches were scheduled for Saturday, 10 January 1959, although six matches were postponed until later dates. Six matches were drawn and went to replays.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [16, 34], "content_span": [35, 269]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076653-0006-0000", "contents": "1958\u201359 FA Cup, Fourth round proper\nThe matches were scheduled for Saturday, 24 January 1959, with three matches taking place on later dates. Six matches were drawn and went to replays, which were all played in the following midweek match.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [16, 35], "content_span": [36, 239]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076653-0007-0000", "contents": "1958\u201359 FA Cup, Fifth round proper\nThe matches were scheduled for Saturday, 14 February 1959. Four matches went to replays in the following midweek fixture, with two of these requiring a second replay to settle the tie.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [16, 34], "content_span": [35, 219]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076653-0008-0000", "contents": "1958\u201359 FA Cup, Sixth round proper\nThe four quarter-final ties were scheduled to be played on Saturday, 28 February 1959. Three of the four games went to replays.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [16, 34], "content_span": [35, 162]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076653-0009-0000", "contents": "1958\u201359 FA Cup, Semi finals\nThe semi-final matches were played on Saturday, 14 March 1959. Nottingham Forest and Luton Town won their matches to meet in the final at Wembley.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [16, 27], "content_span": [28, 174]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076653-0010-0000", "contents": "1958\u201359 FA Cup, Final\nThe FA Cup final took place on 2 May 1959, at Wembley Stadium and was won by Nottingham Forest, beating Luton Town 2\u20131.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [16, 21], "content_span": [22, 141]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076654-0000-0000", "contents": "1958\u201359 FA Cup qualifying rounds\nThe FA Cup 1958\u201359 is the 78th season of the world's oldest football knockout competition; The Football Association Challenge Cup, or FA Cup for short. The large number of clubs entering the tournament from lower down the English football league system meant that the competition started with a number of preliminary and qualifying rounds. The 30 victorious teams from the Fourth Round Qualifying progressed to the First Round Proper.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [32, 32], "content_span": [33, 467]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076654-0001-0000", "contents": "1958\u201359 FA Cup qualifying rounds, 4th qualifying round\nThe teams that given byes to this round are Bishop Auckland, Wycombe Wanderers, Bedford Town, Peterborough United, Wigan Athletic, Yeovil Town, Hereford United, South Shields, Walthamstow Avenue, Weymouth, Rhyl, Blyth Spartans, Hastings United, Guildford City, Newport I O W, Scarborough, Dorchester Town, Goole Town, Margate, Chelmsford City, Worcester City, Bath City, Crook Town and Durham City.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 54], "content_span": [55, 453]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076654-0002-0000", "contents": "1958\u201359 FA Cup qualifying rounds, 1958\u201359 FA Cup\nSee 1958-59 FA Cup for details of the rounds from the First Round Proper onwards.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 48], "content_span": [49, 130]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076655-0000-0000", "contents": "1958\u201359 FC Basel season\nThe 1958\u201359 season was Fussball Club Basel 1893's 65th season in their existence. It was their thirteenth consecutive season in the top flight of Swiss football after their promotion from the Nationalliga B the season 1945\u201346. They played their home games in the Landhof, in the Wettstein Quarter in Kleinbasel. Jules D\u00fcblin was the club's chairman for his 13th successive, but final, period. D\u00fcblin presided the club during the period July 1946 until Mai 1959 and in the club's history he is the most permanent president that the club has had to date.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [23, 23], "content_span": [24, 576]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076655-0001-0000", "contents": "1958\u201359 FC Basel season, Overview\nThe Austrian ex-international footballer Rudi Strittich was team manager for the second successive season. The club directors and the team management strengthend the team following the previous disappointing season. Bruno Michaud returned from Lausanne-Sport, Fredy Kehrli, Jean-Jacques Maurer and Charles Turin were hired from Biel-Bienne who had suffered relegation the previous season. Roberto Frigerio was hired from Schaffhausen and Antoine Kohn from Karlsruher SC.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 33], "content_span": [34, 504]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076655-0001-0001", "contents": "1958\u201359 FC Basel season, Overview\nBut on 30 November 1958 Basel were beaten 0\u20132 by FC Moutier, a team from the 1 Liga (third highest tier of Swiss football), and because the Basel had lost their previous three league matches this was one bad result too many. Even for club chairman Jules D\u00fcblin, who was known as prudent and cautious, this was too much and he replaced Strittich through their ex-trainer Ren\u00e9 Bader.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 33], "content_span": [34, 415]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076655-0002-0000", "contents": "1958\u201359 FC Basel season, Overview\nBasel played a total of 50 games this season. Of these 50 matches 26 were in the domestic league, two were in the Swiss Cup and 22 were friendly matches. The friendly games resulted with twelve victories, five draws and five defeats. In total, including the test games and the cup competition, 24 games were won, 10 games were drawn and 16 games were lost. In these 50 games the team scored 126 goals and conceded 101.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 33], "content_span": [34, 452]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076655-0003-0000", "contents": "1958\u201359 FC Basel season, Overview\nFourteen teams contested the 1958\u201359 Nationalliga A, these were the top 12 teams from the previous season and the two newly promoted teams FC Z\u00fcrich and FC Luzern. At the end of the season the last two teams in the table were to be relegated. Basel started badly into the new season, losing the first game 1\u20132 against La Chaux-de-Fonds and then losing at home 1\u20134 against Grenchen.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 33], "content_span": [34, 415]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076655-0003-0001", "contents": "1958\u201359 FC Basel season, Overview\nThen, despite two high wins, 5\u20130 away against Lausanne-Sport and 6\u20131 at home against Bellinzona, the afore mentioned three defeats against Young Boys, Z\u00fcrich and Grasshopper Club caused the change in manager position. But under the new manager things did not change immediately, the lowest point was after round 15 as the team slipped to second last position in the table. But in the last 11 rounds the team lost only one more match and rose in the table to sixth position.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 33], "content_span": [34, 507]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076655-0004-0000", "contents": "1958\u201359 FC Basel season, Overview\nBasel entered the Swiss Cup in the third principal round. They were drawn at home at the Landhof against third tier local team Old Boys. The match was played on 26 October and despite the fact that former Basel goalkeeper Gianfranco de Taddeo, who now played for the Old Boys, held a penalty taken by Hans Weber, Basel won 3\u20130. In the next round Basel were drawn and lost against FC Moutier. Thus Basel's short and disappointing cup season ended here. As mentioned before, the consequence of this defeat was that team manager Rudi Strittich was fired. Grenchen won the cup this season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 33], "content_span": [34, 619]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076655-0005-0000", "contents": "1958\u201359 FC Basel season, Players\nThe following is the list of the Basel first team squad during the season 1958\u201359. The list includes players that were in the squad on the day that the Nationalliga A season started on 31 August 1958 but subsequently left the club after that date.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 32], "content_span": [33, 280]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076655-0006-0000", "contents": "1958\u201359 FC Basel season, Players\nNote: Flags indicate national team as defined under FIFA eligibility rules. Players may hold more than one non-FIFA nationality.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 32], "content_span": [33, 161]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076655-0007-0000", "contents": "1958\u201359 FC Basel season, Players\nNote: Flags indicate national team as defined under FIFA eligibility rules. Players may hold more than one non-FIFA nationality.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 32], "content_span": [33, 161]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076656-0000-0000", "contents": "1958\u201359 FC Dinamo Bucure\u0219ti season\nThe 1958\u201359 season was Dinamo Bucure\u0219ti's tenth season in Divizia A. Dinamo finishes second in the championship, one point behind the winners, Petrolul Ploiesti, but wins for the first time Cupa Romaniei. In this competition, Dinamo manages to pass by their main rivals, UTA, CCA, and Rapid. It is the first trophy for Iuliu Baratky as coach, after four Romanian Cups won as a player.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [34, 34], "content_span": [35, 419]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076656-0001-0000", "contents": "1958\u201359 FC Dinamo Bucure\u0219ti season\nThe beginning of the season was marked by a decision of FRF to forbid Dinamo and two other teams to have tournaments abroad. Later, because of poor results, the club sanctioned their players, Calinoiu, Dumitru, Anghel and Utu being suspended.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [34, 34], "content_span": [35, 277]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076656-0002-0000", "contents": "1958\u201359 FC Dinamo Bucure\u0219ti season, Transfers\nBefore the start of the season Dinamo bought Iosif Varga (from CS T\u00e2rgu Mure\u015f), Iosif B\u00fck\u00f6ssy (from CCA), Iosif Szakacs. Valentin Neagu (to Progresul), Petre Babone (to Petrolul), Iosif Laz\u0103r and Florin Anghel (to Dinamo Bac\u0103u) left the club.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [36, 45], "content_span": [46, 288]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076657-0000-0000", "contents": "1958\u201359 FC Steaua Bucure\u0219ti season\nThe 1958\u201359 season was FC Steaua Bucure\u0219ti's 11th season since its founding in 1947.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [34, 34], "content_span": [35, 119]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076658-0000-0000", "contents": "1958\u201359 FIBA European Champions Cup\nThe 1958\u201359 FIBA European Champions Cup' was the second season of the European top-tier level professional basketball club competition FIBA European Champions Cup (now called EuroLeague). It was won by R\u012bgas ASK for the second straight time, after they again beat Academic, in both EuroLeague Finals games (79\u201358 & 69\u201367). Riga defeated Lech Pozna\u0144 in the semifinals, and Honv\u00e9d in the quarterfinals.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [35, 35], "content_span": [36, 436]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076658-0001-0000", "contents": "1958\u201359 FIBA European Champions Cup, Competition system\n21 teams. European national domestic league champions, plus the then current FIBA European Champions Cup title holders only, playing in a tournament system. The Finals were a two-game home and away aggregate.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 55], "content_span": [56, 264]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076658-0002-0000", "contents": "1958\u201359 FIBA European Champions Cup, First round\n*Etzella and Sundbyberg withdrew before the competition due to financial problems, so Lech Pozna\u0144 and Honv\u00e9d received a forfeit (2\u20130) in both games", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 48], "content_span": [49, 196]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076658-0003-0000", "contents": "1958\u201359 FIBA European Champions Cup, Second round\n*Simmenthal Milano withdrew after the 1st leg, team rejected playing on an outdoor court.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 49], "content_span": [50, 139]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076658-0004-0000", "contents": "1958\u201359 FIBA European Champions Cup, Quarterfinals\n*The second leg was not played as Al-Gezira didn't travel to Bulgaria due to financial reasons, and therefore Academic received a forfeit (2-0).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 50], "content_span": [51, 195]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076659-0000-0000", "contents": "1958\u201359 FIBA Women's European Champions Cup\nThe 1958\u201359 European Cup was the inaugural edition of the premier European women's basketball competition for clubs. Nine teams took part in the competition, representing Bulgaria, Czechoslovakia, France, East Germany, West Germany, Poland, Romania, the Soviet Union and Yugoslavia.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 43], "section_span": [43, 43], "content_span": [44, 326]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076659-0001-0000", "contents": "1958\u201359 FIBA Women's European Champions Cup\nIt was the first of three editions won by Bulgarian teams, as Slavia Sofia defeated Dynamo Moscow in a two-legged final to bring the first ever European Cup to the Balkans.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 43], "section_span": [43, 43], "content_span": [44, 216]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076660-0000-0000", "contents": "1958\u201359 FK Partizan season\nThe 1958\u201359 season was the 13th season in FK Partizan's existence. This article shows player statistics and matches that the club played during the 1958\u201359 season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [26, 26], "content_span": [27, 190]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076660-0001-0000", "contents": "1958\u201359 FK Partizan season, Players, First 11\n\u0160o\u0161ki\u0107, Kranj\u010di\u0107, Jusufi, Belin, Jon\u010di\u0107, Miladinovi\u0107, Z. \u010cebinac, Kaloperovi\u0107, Vukeli\u0107, Gali\u0107, B. Mihajlovi\u0107.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [28, 45], "content_span": [46, 155]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076660-0002-0000", "contents": "1958\u201359 FK Partizan season, Players, Other players who played during the season\nStojanovi\u0107, Pajevi\u0107, S. \u010cebinac, Bla\u017ei\u0107, Vasovi\u0107, Miti\u0107, Kova\u010devi\u0107, Radovi\u0107, Sombolac, Vislavski, Pajkovi\u0107, Srbu.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [28, 79], "content_span": [80, 193]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076661-0000-0000", "contents": "1958\u201359 Football League\nThe 1958\u201359 season was the 60th completed season of The Football League.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [23, 23], "content_span": [24, 96]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076661-0001-0000", "contents": "1958\u201359 Football League, Final league tables\nThe tables below are reproduced here in the exact form that they can be found at  website and in Rothmans Book of Football League Records 1888\u201389 to 1978\u201379, with home and away statistics separated.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 44], "content_span": [45, 243]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076661-0002-0000", "contents": "1958\u201359 Football League, Final league tables\nBeginning with the season 1894\u201395, clubs finishing level on points were separated according to goal average (goals scored divided by goals conceded), or more properly put, goal ratio. The goal average system was eventually scrapped beginning with the 1976\u201377 season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 44], "content_span": [45, 311]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076661-0003-0000", "contents": "1958\u201359 Football League, Final league tables\nFrom this season, the bottom four teams of the Fourth Division were required to apply for re-election.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 44], "content_span": [45, 147]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076662-0000-0000", "contents": "1958\u201359 Four Hills Tournament\nThe seventh edition of the annual Four Hills Tournament in Germany and Austria saw Helmut Recknagel of East Germany win three out of four events and become the first ski jumper to defend his title as Four Hills champion. He also set the record for most consecutive hill victories at Four Hills tournaments (five). It was equalized by Sven Hannawald in 2002 and by Kamil Stoch in 2018.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [29, 29], "content_span": [30, 414]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076662-0001-0000", "contents": "1958\u201359 Four Hills Tournament, Results, Innsbruck\nThe third place in Innsbruck was the only podium in Anders Woldseth's career before his untimely death later that same year.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 49], "content_span": [50, 174]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076662-0002-0000", "contents": "1958\u201359 Four Hills Tournament, Results, Bischofshofen\nAfter three victories, Helmut Recknagel went into the Bischofshofen event with a comfortable 32.2-point lead. He only finished 15th, but still beat his closest pursuer Schamov, who placed 22nd.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 53], "content_span": [54, 247]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076662-0003-0000", "contents": "1958\u201359 Four Hills Tournament, Results, Bischofshofen\nWith a home victory, Austrian athlete Walter Habersatter interrupted Recknagel's winning streak and snatched silver in the overall ranking.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 53], "content_span": [54, 193]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076662-0004-0000", "contents": "1958\u201359 Four Hills Tournament, Results, Bischofshofen\nMax Bolkart's eighth place was the only Top Ten appearance of a (West) German athlete during this tournament.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 53], "content_span": [54, 163]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076663-0000-0000", "contents": "1958\u201359 French Division 1\nOGC Nice won Division 1 season 1958/1959 of the French Association Football League with 56 points.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [25, 25], "content_span": [26, 124]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076663-0001-0000", "contents": "1958\u201359 French Division 1, Final table\nPromoted from Division 2, who will play in Division 1 season 1959/1960", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [27, 38], "content_span": [39, 109]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076664-0000-0000", "contents": "1958\u201359 French Division 2, Overview\nIt was contested by 20 teams, and Le Havre won the championship.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [27, 35], "content_span": [36, 100]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076665-0000-0000", "contents": "1958\u201359 French Rugby Union Championship\nThe 1958-59 French Rugby Union Championship was contested by 48 clubs divided in six pools of eight.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [39, 39], "content_span": [40, 140]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076665-0001-0000", "contents": "1958\u201359 French Rugby Union Championship\nThe five better of each pool and the two better 6th (for a sum of 32 clubs) were qualified to play a play-off phase.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [39, 39], "content_span": [40, 156]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076665-0002-0000", "contents": "1958\u201359 French Rugby Union Championship\nThe championship was won by Racing Paris that defeated Mont-de-Marsan in the final.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [39, 39], "content_span": [40, 123]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076665-0003-0000", "contents": "1958\u201359 French Rugby Union Championship, Context\nThe Challenge Yves du Manoir was won by Dax that beat Pau for 12-8.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 48], "content_span": [49, 116]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076666-0000-0000", "contents": "1958\u201359 Georgetown Hoyas men's basketball team\nThe 1958\u201359 Georgetown Hoyas men's basketball team represented Georgetown University during the 1958\u201359 NCAA University Division college basketball season. Tom Nolan coached them in his third season as head coach. The team was an independent and played its home games at McDonough Gymnasium on the Georgetown campus in Washington, D.C. It finished with a record of 8-15 and had no post-season play.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 46], "section_span": [46, 46], "content_span": [47, 445]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076666-0001-0000", "contents": "1958\u201359 Georgetown Hoyas men's basketball team, Season recap\nThe 1958\u20131959 season saw the beginning of an annual series between Georgetown and Boston College that would continue through the 2004\u20132005 season, after which the rivalry between the schools came to end with the departure of Boston College from the Big East Conference.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 46], "section_span": [48, 60], "content_span": [61, 330]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076666-0002-0000", "contents": "1958\u201359 Georgetown Hoyas men's basketball team, Season recap\nThe 1958\u20131959 Georgetown team was undersized \u2014 averaging 6-feet-1 (185\u00a0cm) in height and with no player taller than 6-foot-4 (193\u00a0cm) \u2014 and inexperienced, with only one senior on the roster. Diminutive sophomore guard Brian \"Puddy\" Sheehan, the team's 5-foot-9 (175 cm) point guard, who was an expert ballhandler and a dominant player throughout his college career, emerged as the team's top scorer, averaging 18.4 points per game despite being the smallest man on the court.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 46], "section_span": [48, 60], "content_span": [61, 536]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076666-0002-0001", "contents": "1958\u201359 Georgetown Hoyas men's basketball team, Season recap\nIn his debut, he scored 30 points \u2013 a school record for points scored in a debut game \u2013 and he turned in a 25-point performance against Connecticut, 23 against Boston College, and 22 in a win over Syracuse. He scored only nine points in one of the games against Maryland, but he scored in double figures in every other game.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 46], "section_span": [48, 60], "content_span": [61, 385]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076666-0003-0000", "contents": "1958\u201359 Georgetown Hoyas men's basketball team, Season recap\nSophomore center Tom Coleman also joined the varsity from the freshman team this year as its tallest player at 6-foot-4 (193\u00a0cm). He led the team in rebounding and scored 22 points in an upset of Loyola of Chicago and 31 against George Washington.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 46], "section_span": [48, 60], "content_span": [61, 308]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076666-0004-0000", "contents": "1958\u201359 Georgetown Hoyas men's basketball team, Season recap\nAnother player to join the varsity from the freshman team was sophomore forward Tom Matan, and he probably had his most productive season this year. Able to play forward and center, he was an effective inside scorer, averaging 14.3 points per game this season, with 30 points in the upset of Loyola of Chicago, 27 against Loyola of Maryland, and 26 against Seton Hall.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 46], "section_span": [48, 60], "content_span": [61, 429]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076666-0005-0000", "contents": "1958\u201359 Georgetown Hoyas men's basketball team, Season recap\nAmong four players suspended for the year partway through the previous season because of their grades, junior forward Tom McCloskey was the only one of the four to return to the team this season. He scored in double figures in 15 games, had 17 points in the upset of Loyola of Chicago and 20 in the win over Syracuse. He and junior guard Dick Razzetti both opted not to return to the varsity team the following season and instead play intramural basketball \u2013 leading their team to the 1960 intramural title \u2013 while McCloskey focused on his studies.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 46], "section_span": [48, 60], "content_span": [61, 609]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076666-0006-0000", "contents": "1958\u201359 Georgetown Hoyas men's basketball team, Season recap\nYoung, inexperienced, always playing against larger and stronger players, and with 15 of their 23 games on the road, the undersized 1958\u20131959 Hoyas lost 10 of their last 13 games, concluding the season with seven straight losses. They struggled to an 8-15 finish, the worst record of Tom Nolan's four-year coaching tenure and worst by a Georgetown team since the 1934-35 season. The team had no post-season play, and was not ranked in the Top 20 in the Associated Press Poll or Coaches' Poll at any time.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 46], "section_span": [48, 60], "content_span": [61, 565]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076666-0007-0000", "contents": "1958\u201359 Georgetown Hoyas men's basketball team, Roster\nBeginning this season and continuing through the 1967-68 season, Georgetown players wore even-numbered jerseys for home games and odd-numbered ones for away games; for example, a player would wear No. 10 at home and No. 11 on the road. Players are listed below by the even numbers they wore at home.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 46], "section_span": [48, 54], "content_span": [55, 354]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076666-0008-0000", "contents": "1958\u201359 Georgetown Hoyas men's basketball team, Roster\nJunior guard Ed Hargaden, Jr., was the first second-generation Georgetown men's basketball player, his father, guard Ed Hargaden, having been a standout guard on the 1932-33, 1933-34, and 1934-35 teams. He also was the only second-generation player in school history until center Patrick Ewing's son, forward Patrick Ewing, Jr., joined the team in the 2006-07 season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 46], "section_span": [48, 54], "content_span": [55, 422]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076667-0000-0000", "contents": "1958\u201359 Greek Football Cup\nThe 1958\u201359 Greek Football Cup was the 17th edition of the Greek Football Cup. The competition culminated with the Greek Cup Final, held at Leoforos Alexandras Stadium, Athens on 5 July 1959. The match was contested by Olympiacos and Doxa Drama, with Olympiacos winning by 2\u20131.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [26, 26], "content_span": [27, 304]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076667-0001-0000", "contents": "1958\u201359 Greek Football Cup, Final\nThe 17th Greek Cup Final was played at the Leoforos Alexandras Stadium.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [28, 33], "content_span": [34, 105]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076668-0000-0000", "contents": "1958\u201359 Heart of Midlothian F.C. season\nDuring the 1958\u201359 season Hearts competed in the Scottish First Division, the Scottish Cup, the European Cup, the Scottish League Cup and the East of Scotland Shield.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [39, 39], "content_span": [40, 206]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076669-0000-0000", "contents": "1958\u201359 Hellenic Football League\nThe 1958\u201359 Hellenic Football League season was the sixth in the history of the Hellenic Football League, a football competition in England.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [32, 32], "content_span": [33, 173]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076669-0001-0000", "contents": "1958\u201359 Hellenic Football League, Premier Division\nThe Premier Division featured 14 clubs which competed in the division last season, along with two new clubs:", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 50], "content_span": [51, 159]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076669-0002-0000", "contents": "1958\u201359 Hellenic Football League, Division One\nThe Division One featured 11 clubs which competed in the division last season, along with 2 new clubs:", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 46], "content_span": [47, 149]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076670-0000-0000", "contents": "1958\u201359 Hibernian F.C. season\nDuring the 1958\u201359 season Hibernian, a football club based in Edinburgh, came tenth out of 18 clubs in the Scottish First Division.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [29, 29], "content_span": [30, 161]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076671-0000-0000", "contents": "1958\u201359 Honduran Amateur League\nThe 1958\u201359 Honduran Amateur League was the eleventh edition of the Honduran Amateur League. C.D. Olimpia obtained its 2nd national title. The season ran from 23 March 1958 to 11 March 1959.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [31, 31], "content_span": [32, 222]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076671-0001-0000", "contents": "1958\u201359 Honduran Amateur League, National championship round\nPlayed in a double round-robin format between the regional champions. Also known as the Pentagonal. After their first two matches, C.D. Fortuna retired from the competition and their results were annulled.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 60], "content_span": [61, 266]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076672-0000-0000", "contents": "1958\u201359 Hong Kong First Division League\nThe 1958\u201359 Hong Kong First Division League season was the 48th since its establishment.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [39, 39], "content_span": [40, 128]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076673-0000-0000", "contents": "1958\u201359 Huddersfield Town A.F.C. season\nHuddersfield Town's 1958\u201359 campaign was a season under Bill Shankly, which saw Town make little progress up the Division 2 table, with the team finishing in 14th place.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [39, 39], "content_span": [40, 209]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076673-0001-0000", "contents": "1958\u201359 Huddersfield Town A.F.C. season, Squad at the start of the season\nNote: Flags indicate national team as defined under FIFA eligibility rules. Players may hold more than one non-FIFA nationality.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 73], "content_span": [74, 202]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076673-0002-0000", "contents": "1958\u201359 Huddersfield Town A.F.C. season, Review\nBill Shankly attempted to improve on Town's 9th-place finish the previous season. Their form was mixed for a large portion of the season with many wins, draws and losses at exactly the wrong time of the season. Their best wins were a 5\u20130 win over Liverpool, a 5\u20131 win over Middlesbrough and a 5\u20132 away win at Leyton Orient.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 47], "content_span": [48, 371]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076673-0003-0000", "contents": "1958\u201359 Huddersfield Town A.F.C. season, Review\nThey finished in 14th place with just 40 points, although they were 12 points clear of relegated Grimsby Town, but they were 20 points behind promoted Fulham.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 47], "content_span": [48, 206]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076673-0004-0000", "contents": "1958\u201359 Huddersfield Town A.F.C. season, Squad at the end of the season\nNote: Flags indicate national team as defined under FIFA eligibility rules. Players may hold more than one non-FIFA nationality.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 71], "content_span": [72, 200]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076674-0000-0000", "contents": "1958\u201359 IHL season\nThe 1958\u201359 IHL season was the 14th season of the International Hockey League, a North American minor professional league. Five teams participated in the regular season, and the Louisville Rebels won the Turner Cup.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 18], "section_span": [18, 18], "content_span": [19, 234]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076675-0000-0000", "contents": "1958\u201359 Idaho Vandals men's basketball team\nThe 1958\u201359 Idaho Vandals men's basketball team represented the University of Idaho during the 1958\u201359 NCAA University Division  basketball season. Members of the Pacific Coast Conference, the Vandals were led by fifth-year head coach Harlan Hodges and played their home games on campus at Memorial Gymnasium in Moscow, Idaho.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 43], "section_span": [43, 43], "content_span": [44, 370]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076675-0001-0000", "contents": "1958\u201359 Idaho Vandals men's basketball team\nThe Vandals were 11\u201315 overall and 6\u201310 in conference play in the final season of the PCC. The last conference game was a home win in overtime over Oregon, coached by UI alumnus Steve Belko.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 43], "section_span": [43, 43], "content_span": [44, 234]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076675-0002-0000", "contents": "1958\u201359 Idaho Vandals men's basketball team\nA notable player was Jim Prestel of Indianapolis, who played eight seasons (1960\u20131967) in the National Football League as a defensive lineman.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 43], "section_span": [43, 43], "content_span": [44, 186]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076675-0003-0000", "contents": "1958\u201359 Idaho Vandals men's basketball team\nAfter the season, Hodges resigned in late April to become a high school superintendent in Anna, Illinois; he was succeeded by Michigan assistant Dave Strack in June.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 43], "section_span": [43, 43], "content_span": [44, 209]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076676-0000-0000", "contents": "1958\u201359 Illinois Fighting Illini men's basketball team\nThe 1958\u201359 Illinois Fighting Illini men\u2019s basketball team represented the University of Illinois.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 54], "section_span": [54, 54], "content_span": [55, 153]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076676-0001-0000", "contents": "1958\u201359 Illinois Fighting Illini men's basketball team, Regular season\nUniversity of Illinois' head coach, Harry Combes and his Fighting Illini basketball team once again led the Big Ten in wins for a decade with a 165-64 record in the 1950s. The Illini\u2019s winning percentage, .721, ranked 11thnationally. Additionally, the Associated Press began its basketball poll in 1949 with United Press International adding its poll in 1951 and from 1951-56 the Illini finished the season ranked in the Top 20 nationally every year. Illinois\u2019highest final ranking in the 1950s was second in both polls in 1952.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 54], "section_span": [56, 70], "content_span": [71, 599]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076676-0002-0000", "contents": "1958\u201359 Illinois Fighting Illini men's basketball team, Regular season\nThe 1958-59 team utilized several returning lettermen including the leading scorer, team \"captain\" and team \"MVP\" Roger Taylor. It also saw the return of Mannie Jackson, Govoner Vaughn, Bruce Bunkenberg, Al Gosnell, Lou Landt and Ed Perry. The Illini finished the season with a conference record of 7 wins and 7 losses, finishing tied for 5th place in the Big Ten. They would finish with an overall record of 12 wins and 10 losses. During the season, the Illini would play Kentucky, the No. 1 ranked team in the nation, at a Freedom Hall in Louisville. The outcome of this game would be a 75-76 loss. The starting lineup included John Wessels at the center position, Roger Taylor and Mannie Jackson at guard and Govoner Vaughn, Ed Perry and Al Gosnell at the forward slots.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 54], "section_span": [56, 70], "content_span": [71, 844]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076677-0000-0000", "contents": "1958\u201359 Indiana Hoosiers men's basketball team\nThe 1958\u201359 Indiana Hoosiers men's basketball team represented Indiana University. Their head coach was Branch McCracken, who was in his 18th year. The team played its home games in The Fieldhouse in Bloomington, Indiana, and was a member of the Big Ten Conference.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 46], "section_span": [46, 46], "content_span": [47, 312]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076677-0001-0000", "contents": "1958\u201359 Indiana Hoosiers men's basketball team\nThe Hoosiers finished the regular season with an overall record of 11\u201311 and a conference record of 7\u20137, finishing 5th in the Big Ten Conference. Indiana was not invited to participate in any postseason tournament.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 46], "section_span": [46, 46], "content_span": [47, 261]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076678-0000-0000", "contents": "1958\u201359 Iowa State Cyclones men's basketball team\nThe 1958\u201359 Iowa State Cyclones men's basketball team represented Iowa State University during the 1958-59 NCAA University Division men's basketball season. The Cyclones were coached by Bill Strannigan, who was in his fifth and final season with the Cyclones. They played their home games at the Iowa State Armory in Ames, Iowa.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 49], "section_span": [49, 49], "content_span": [50, 378]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076678-0001-0000", "contents": "1958\u201359 Iowa State Cyclones men's basketball team\nThey finished the season 9\u201316, 4\u201310 in Big Eight play to finish in seventh place.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 49], "section_span": [49, 49], "content_span": [50, 131]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076679-0000-0000", "contents": "1958\u201359 Iraq Central FA First Division Cup\nThe 1958\u201359 Iraq Central FA First Division Cup was the 11th season of the Iraq Central FA League (the top division of football in Baghdad and its neighbouring cities from 1948 to 1973). It was played as a double-elimination tournament.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 42], "section_span": [42, 42], "content_span": [43, 278]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076679-0001-0000", "contents": "1958\u201359 Iraq Central FA First Division Cup\nAmanat Al-Asima won their first title, and the second title in the history of the teams that were later merged to form Amanat Baghdad, beating Al-Athori 1\u20130 in the final which was ended at half-time due to the withdrawal of Al-Athori's players.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 42], "section_span": [42, 42], "content_span": [43, 287]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076679-0002-0000", "contents": "1958\u201359 Iraq Central FA First Division Cup, Second round, Losers bracket\nThe match was ended 30 minutes early after the referee refused to continue officiating the game following an argument with Al-Kuliya Al-Askariya player Abed RazzokiAl-Kuliya Al-Askariya eliminated", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 42], "section_span": [44, 72], "content_span": [73, 269]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076679-0003-0000", "contents": "1958\u201359 Iraq Central FA First Division Cup, Final\nThe match was ended at half-time after Al-Athori players left the field in the 40th minute following the referee's decision to award Amanat Al-Asima a penalty, which they subsequently kicked into an empty net. Al-Athori players claimed that they had left the field due to the referee's refusal to deal with the behaviour of Amanat Al-Asima's fans rather than due to his awarding of a penalty kick. Al-Athori's captain Sarkis Shamson was suspended for six months following the incident, while forward Ammo Baba and goalkeeper Yacoub Yousef were given warnings and the club's sports secretary Youil George Baba was suspended for one year.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 42], "section_span": [44, 49], "content_span": [50, 686]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076680-0000-0000", "contents": "1958\u201359 Irish League\nThe Irish League in season 1958\u201359 comprised 12 teams, and Linfield won the championship.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [20, 20], "content_span": [21, 110]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076681-0000-0000", "contents": "1958\u201359 Israel State Cup\nThe 1958\u201359 Israel State Cup (Hebrew: \u05d2\u05d1\u05d9\u05e2 \u05d4\u05de\u05d3\u05d9\u05e0\u05d4\u200e, Gvia HaMedina) was the 21st season of Israel's nationwide football cup competition and the sixth after the Israeli Declaration of Independence.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [24, 24], "content_span": [25, 220]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076681-0001-0000", "contents": "1958\u201359 Israel State Cup\nThe competition began on 6 December 1958, with 136 Liga Gimel teams competing at the first round. Further rounds, until round 5 were played during the remainder of the 1958\u201359 season. Liga Lemuit teams entered the competition on the sixth round, on 12 September 1959.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [24, 24], "content_span": [25, 292]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076681-0002-0000", "contents": "1958\u201359 Israel State Cup\nThe final was held at the Ramat Gan Stadium on 19 November 1959. Maccabi Tel Aviv defeated Hapoel Petah Tikva 4\u20133, after leading 4\u20130, and almost losing the advantage during the last ten minutes of the match. The result gave Maccabi Tel Aviv its second consecutive cup and 10th cup overall.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [24, 24], "content_span": [25, 314]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076681-0003-0000", "contents": "1958\u201359 Israel State Cup, Results, First round\nThe teams were divided into regions, corresponding with Liga Gimel and Liga Dalet divisions.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 46], "content_span": [47, 139]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076681-0004-0000", "contents": "1958\u201359 Israel State Cup, Results, Second round\nAs in the first round, the second round matches were regionalized.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 47], "content_span": [48, 114]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076681-0005-0000", "contents": "1958\u201359 Israel State Cup, Results, Third Round\nLiga Bet teams joined the competition. The draw, in which the 27 matches of the round was set, was unseeded and wasn't regionalized. Only 17 matches were played, with the remaining ten matches given as a walkover victory either due to away teams failing to appear to the match or due to home teams not sending referee invitations to the IFA.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 46], "content_span": [47, 388]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076681-0006-0000", "contents": "1958\u201359 Israel State Cup, Results, Fifth round\nAn intermediate round, intended to leave 16 teams advancing to the sixth round. 10 of the remaining 21 teams played each other, with the rest receiving a bye to the next round.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 46], "content_span": [47, 223]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076682-0000-0000", "contents": "1958\u201359 Istanbul Football League\nThe 1958\u201359 Istanbul Football League was the 34th season of the league and also the last. This season was used to select which teams would compete in the first season of the newly founded Turkish National League. Eight teams would be picked. Fenerbah\u00e7e SK became champions for the 16th time in their history.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [32, 32], "content_span": [33, 341]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076683-0000-0000", "contents": "1958\u201359 Isthmian League\nThe 1958\u201359 season was the 44th in the history of the Isthmian League, an English football competition.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [23, 23], "content_span": [24, 127]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076683-0001-0000", "contents": "1958\u201359 Isthmian League\nWimbledon were champions, winning their fifth Isthmian League title. At the end of the season Romford switched to the Southern Football League.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [23, 23], "content_span": [24, 167]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076684-0000-0000", "contents": "1958\u201359 Kansas Jayhawks men's basketball team\nThe 1958\u201359 Kansas Jayhawks men's basketball team represented the University of Kansas during the 1958\u201359 college men's basketball season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 45], "section_span": [45, 45], "content_span": [46, 184]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076685-0000-0000", "contents": "1958\u201359 Kansas State Wildcats men's basketball team\nThe 1958\u201359 Kansas State Wildcats men's basketball team represented Kansas State University as a member of the Big 8 Conference during the 1958\u201359 NCAA University Division men's basketball season. The head coach was Tex Winter, innovator of the Triangle offense and future member of the Basketball Hall of Fame, who was in his sixth year at the helm. The Wildcats finished with a record of 25\u20132 (14\u20130 Big 8), the No. 1 ranking in both major polls, but fell short of a second straight Final Four appearance after a loss to Cincinnati in the Midwest Regional Final of the NCAA Tournament.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 51], "section_span": [51, 51], "content_span": [52, 638]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076685-0001-0000", "contents": "1958\u201359 Kansas State Wildcats men's basketball team\nThe team played its home games at Ahearn Field House in Manhattan, Kansas.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 51], "section_span": [51, 51], "content_span": [52, 126]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076686-0000-0000", "contents": "1958\u201359 LFF Lyga\nThe 1958\u201359 LFF Lyga was the 38th season of the LFF Lyga football competition in Lithuania. It was contested by 12 teams, and Raudonoji \u017dvaig\u017ed\u0117 Vilnius won the championship.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 16], "section_span": [16, 16], "content_span": [17, 191]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076687-0000-0000", "contents": "1958\u201359 La Liga\nThe 1958\u201359 La Liga season was the 28th since its establishment. The season started on September 14, 1958, and finished on April 19, 1959.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 15], "section_span": [15, 15], "content_span": [16, 154]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076687-0001-0000", "contents": "1958\u201359 La Liga, Competition format\nFor this season, the relegation play-offs were re-established. 13th and 14th qualified teams would play a double-legged playoff against the second qualified teams of the two groups of Segunda Divisi\u00f3n.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 15], "section_span": [17, 35], "content_span": [36, 237]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076688-0000-0000", "contents": "1958\u201359 Lancashire Cup\n1958\u201359 was the forty-sixth occasion on which the Lancashire Cup completion had been held. Oldham won the trophy  by beating St. Helens by the score of 12-2The match was played at Station Road, Pendlebury, (historically in the county of Lancashire). The attendance was 38,780 and receipts were \u00a36,933; another excellent attendance. This was the third (and final one) of Oldham's three consecutive triumphs. It would be the last time they would win the trophy, although they did later appear 4 times as runners-up (in 1966, 1969, 1987 and 1989).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [22, 22], "content_span": [23, 567]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076688-0001-0000", "contents": "1958\u201359 Lancashire Cup, Background\nWith again no invitation to a junior club this season, the total number of teams entering the competition remained the same at 14. The same pre-war fixture format was retained, and due to the number of clubs this resulted in no bye but one \u201cblank\u201d or \u201cdummy\u201d fixture in the first round, and one bye in the second round.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [24, 34], "content_span": [35, 354]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076688-0002-0000", "contents": "1958\u201359 Lancashire Cup, Competition and results, Round 1\nInvolved  7 matches (with no bye but one \u201cblank\u201d fixture) and 14 clubs", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [24, 56], "content_span": [57, 127]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076688-0003-0000", "contents": "1958\u201359 Lancashire Cup, Competition and results, Final, Teams and Scorers\nScoring - Try = three (3) points - Goal = two (2) points - Drop goal = two (2) points", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [24, 73], "content_span": [74, 159]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076688-0004-0000", "contents": "1958\u201359 Lancashire Cup, Notes and comments\n1 Station Road was the home ground of Swinton from 1929 to 1992 and at its peak was one of the finest rugby league grounds in the country and it boasted a capacity of 60,000. The actual record attendance was for the Challenge Cup semi-final on 7 April 1951 when 44,621 watched Wigan beat Warrington 3-2", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [24, 42], "content_span": [43, 345]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076689-0000-0000", "contents": "1958\u201359 Landsdelsserien\nThe 1958\u201359 Landsdelsserien was a Norwegian second-tier football league season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [23, 23], "content_span": [24, 103]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076689-0001-0000", "contents": "1958\u201359 Landsdelsserien\nThe league was contested by 54 teams, divided into a total of seven groups from four districts; \u00d8stland/S\u00f8ndre, \u00d8stland/Nordre, S\u00f8rland/Vestre and M\u00f8re/Tr\u00f8ndelag. The two group winners in the \u00d8stland districts, Rapid and V\u00e5lerengen promoted directly to the 1959\u201360 Hovedserien. The other five group winners qualified for promotion play-offs to compete for two spots in the following season's top flight. Start and Brage won the play-offs and were promoted.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [23, 23], "content_span": [24, 480]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076689-0002-0000", "contents": "1958\u201359 Landsdelsserien, Promotion play-offs\nBrage won 8\u20135 on aggregate and were promoted to Hovedserien.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 44], "content_span": [45, 105]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076690-0000-0000", "contents": "1958\u201359 League of Ireland, Overview\nIt was contested by 12 teams, and Shamrock Rovers won the championship and qualified to play in the European Cup for next season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [27, 35], "content_span": [36, 165]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076691-0000-0000", "contents": "1958\u201359 Liga Alef\nThe 1958\u201359 Liga Alef season saw Bnei Yehuda win the title and promotion to Liga Leumit.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [17, 17], "content_span": [18, 106]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076691-0001-0000", "contents": "1958\u201359 Liga Alef, Relegation play-offs\nA promotion-relegation play-off between the 11th and 12th placed clubs in Liga Alef, Maccabi Sha'arayim and Hapoel Afula, and the second placed clubs of the regional divisions of Liga Bet, Hapoel Netanya and Hapoel Be'er Sheva. Each club played the other three once.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 39], "content_span": [40, 306]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076691-0002-0000", "contents": "1958\u201359 Liga Alef, Relegation play-offs\nShortly after the Relegation play-offs, as Hapoel Netanya appealed against the fielding of Hapoel Afula player Zvi Singel, and the three matches which were played by Hapoel Afula were given as a walkover win to the opposition, as the disciplinary tribunal determined that Singel was registered with Hapoel Beit HaShita and was not properly transferred to Hapoel Afula. Hapoel Afula appealed the decision, but the appeal was denied  and, as a result, Hapoel Afula were relegated to Liga Bet and Hapoel Netanya took their place in Liga Alef", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 39], "content_span": [40, 578]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076692-0000-0000", "contents": "1958\u201359 Liga Bet\nThe 1958\u201359 Liga Bet season saw Hapoel Tiberias and Hapoel Ramla promoted to Liga Alef as the respective winners of the north and south divisions. They were joined by runners-up, Hapoel Netanya and Hapoel Be'er Sheva, which were promoted after promotion play-offs.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 16], "section_span": [16, 16], "content_span": [17, 281]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076692-0001-0000", "contents": "1958\u201359 Liga Bet\nNo club relegated, as in the following season, Liga Bet expanded from 24 clubs, divided in two regional divisions, to 64 clubs, divided in four regional divisions.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 16], "section_span": [16, 16], "content_span": [17, 180]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076692-0002-0000", "contents": "1958\u201359 Liga Bet, Promotion play-offs\nA promotion-relegation play-off between the 11th and 12th placed clubs in Liga Alef, Maccabi Sha'arayim and Hapoel Afula, and the second placed clubs of the regional divisions of Liga Bet, Hapoel Netanya and Hapoel Be'er Sheva. Each club played the other three once.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 16], "section_span": [18, 37], "content_span": [38, 304]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076692-0003-0000", "contents": "1958\u201359 Liga Bet, Promotion play-offs\nShortly after the Relegation play-offs, as Hapoel Netanya appealed against the fielding of Hapoel Afula player Zvi Singel, and the three matches which were played by Hapoel Afula were given as a walkover win to the opposition, as the disciplinary tribunal determined that Singel was registered with Hapoel Beit HaShita and was not properly transferred to Hapoel Afula. Hapoel Afula appealed the decision, but the appeal was denied  and, as a result, Hapoel Afula were relegated to Liga Bet and Hapoel Netanya took their place in Liga Alef", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 16], "section_span": [18, 37], "content_span": [38, 576]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076693-0000-0000", "contents": "1958\u201359 Liga Espa\u00f1ola de Baloncesto\nThe 1958\u201359 season was the third season of the Liga Espa\u00f1ola de Baloncesto. Barcelona won their title.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [35, 35], "content_span": [36, 138]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076694-0000-0000", "contents": "1958\u201359 Liga Leumit\nThe 1958\u201359 Liga Leumit season took place between November 1958 and May 1959. Hapoel Petah Tikva won the title, while Hapoel Kfar Saba, who had finished bottom the previous season (in which there was no relegation), were relegated to Liga Alef. Aharon Amar of Maccabi Haifa was the league's top scorer with 17 goals.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [19, 19], "content_span": [20, 336]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076695-0000-0000", "contents": "1958\u201359 Liverpool F.C. season\nThe 1958\u201359 season was the 67th season in Liverpool F.C. 's existence, and was their 5th consecutive year in the Second Division.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [29, 29], "content_span": [30, 159]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076695-0001-0000", "contents": "1958\u201359 Liverpool F.C. season\nThe season would prove to be one where they would finish outside the top two for the 4th consecutive season, by finishing 4th for the second consecutive season, seven points outside the automatic promotion places.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [29, 29], "content_span": [30, 243]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076695-0002-0000", "contents": "1958\u201359 Liverpool F.C. season\nIt was also a season to forget as far as the FA Cup was concerned with Liverpool losing two-one by Worcester City, then in the Southern League, and one league below the Football League at that time.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [29, 29], "content_span": [30, 228]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076696-0000-0000", "contents": "1958\u201359 Louisville Cardinals men's basketball team\nThe 1958\u201359 Louisville Cardinals men's basketball team represented the University of Louisville during the 1958-59 NCAA Division I men's basketball season, Louisville's 46th season of intercollegiate competition. The Cardinals competed independents (no conference) and were coached by Peck Hickman, who was in his fifteenth season. The team played its home games at Freedom Hall.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 50], "section_span": [50, 50], "content_span": [51, 430]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076696-0001-0000", "contents": "1958\u201359 Louisville Cardinals men's basketball team\nLouisville beat #2 Kentucky and #7 Michigan State to win the NCAA Tournament Mideast Regional and advance to the Final Four (their 1st) where they fell to eventual runner-up West Virginia 79\u201394. They finished fourth, falling to Cincinnati in the third place game 85\u201398. The Cardinals finished with a 19-12 record.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 50], "section_span": [50, 50], "content_span": [51, 364]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076697-0000-0000", "contents": "1958\u201359 Luxembourg National Division\nThe 1958\u201359 Luxembourg National Division was the 45th season of top level association football in Luxembourg.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [36, 36], "content_span": [37, 146]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076697-0001-0000", "contents": "1958\u201359 Luxembourg National Division, Overview\nIt was performed in 12 teams, and Jeunesse Esch won the championship.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 46], "content_span": [47, 116]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076698-0000-0000", "contents": "1958\u201359 MJHL season, League notes\nThe Brandon Wheat Kings return after a four-year absence. Wayne Larkin (Braves) equals a league record by scoring 6 goals in a game. The League announced that since league standings cannot be effected, the balance of the 32 game regular season is cancelled.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [21, 33], "content_span": [34, 291]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076699-0000-0000", "contents": "1958\u201359 Maltese Premier League\nThe 1958\u201359 Maltese First Division was the 44th season of top-tier football in Malta. It was contested by 8 teams, and Valletta F.C. won the championship.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [30, 30], "content_span": [31, 185]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076700-0000-0000", "contents": "1958\u201359 Manchester United F.C. season\nThe 1958\u201359 season was Manchester United's 57th season in the Football League, and their 14th consecutive season in the top division of English football. It was the first season of a revamped United side which was being rebuilt following the Munich air disaster in the February of the previous season which had claimed the lives of eight players. The most notable addition to the squad for the new season as forward Albert Quixall, a pre-season signing from Sheffield Wednesday.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [37, 37], "content_span": [38, 516]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076700-0001-0000", "contents": "1958\u201359 Manchester United F.C. season\nThe season saw the retirement of centre-half Jackie Blanchflower as a result of the injuries he suffered in the Munich crash.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [37, 37], "content_span": [38, 163]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076700-0002-0000", "contents": "1958\u201359 Manchester United F.C. season\nMunich crash survivor Bobby Charlton was United's top scorer this season with 29 league goals, while fellow survivor Albert Scanlon was also impressive with 16 goals from the left wing.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [37, 37], "content_span": [38, 223]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076700-0003-0000", "contents": "1958\u201359 Manchester United F.C. season\nThe new look United side finished second in the league this season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [37, 37], "content_span": [38, 105]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076701-0000-0000", "contents": "1958\u201359 Mansfield Town F.C. season\nThe 1958\u201359 season was Mansfield Town's 21st season in the Football League and 1st season in the newly formed Third Division, they finished in 20th position with 46 points, avoiding relegation by 5 points.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [34, 34], "content_span": [35, 240]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076702-0000-0000", "contents": "1958\u201359 Mexican Primera Divisi\u00f3n season\nStatistics of the Primera Divisi\u00f3n de M\u00e9xico for the 1958\u201359 season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [39, 39], "content_span": [40, 108]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076702-0001-0000", "contents": "1958\u201359 Mexican Primera Divisi\u00f3n season, Overview\nThe season was contested by 14 teams, and Guadalajara won the championship.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 49], "content_span": [50, 125]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076703-0000-0000", "contents": "1958\u201359 Mexican Segunda Divisi\u00f3n season\nThe 1958\u201359 Mexican Segunda Divisi\u00f3n was the 9th season of the Mexican Segunda Divisi\u00f3n. The season started on 13 July 1958 and concluded on 8 March 1959. It was won by Tampico.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [39, 39], "content_span": [40, 217]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076704-0000-0000", "contents": "1958\u201359 Michigan Wolverines men's basketball team\nThe 1958\u201359 Michigan Wolverines men's basketball team represented the University of Michigan in intercollegiate college basketball during the 1958\u201359 season. The team played its home games at Fielding H. Yost Field House (renamed Yost Ice Arena in 1973) on the school's campus in Ann Arbor, Michigan. Under the direction of head coach William Perigo, the team finished tied for second in the Big Ten Conference but failed to get an invitation to either the 1959 NCAA Men's Division I Basketball Tournament or the 1959 National Invitation Tournament.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 49], "section_span": [49, 49], "content_span": [50, 599]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076704-0000-0001", "contents": "1958\u201359 Michigan Wolverines men's basketball team\nDuring the season, the team beat two of the four ranked opponents that it faced (#18 Purdue in the conference season opener on January 3, 1959, at West Lafayette and #18 Illinois on February 2 in Champaign). M.C. Burton, Jr. won the Big Ten Conference statistical championships for both scoring (22.6 points per game) and rebounding (249 in 14 conference games for a 17.8 rebound average). The 17.8 rebounds per game was a Big Ten Conference record that lasted one season. Burton was the first player to lead the conference in both scoring and rebounding. Burton and George Lee served as team co-captains, and Burton earned team MVP.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 49], "section_span": [49, 49], "content_span": [50, 683]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076704-0001-0000", "contents": "1958\u201359 Michigan Wolverines men's basketball team\nBurton set numerous school rebounding records that season. Two that continue to stand are the 17.23 single-season rebounds per game average and the single-season record for 20-rebound games with seven. Bill Buntin surpassed his career total of 831 with 1037 and his career average of 12.59 with 13.13 in 1965. Rudy Tomjanovich surpassed his February 16 total of 27 with 30 on February 1, 1969. Phil Hubbard surpassed his single season total of 379 with 389 in 1977. Burton also fell four points shy of Ron Kramer's 1957 school record career total of 1119. Burton's career free throw percentage of 79.28 stood as the school record (since records have been available in 1955) until Cazzie Russell ended his career with an 82.65%.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 49], "section_span": [49, 49], "content_span": [50, 777]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076704-0002-0000", "contents": "1958\u201359 Michigan Wolverines men's basketball team, Team players drafted into the NBA\nThree players from this team were selected in the NBA Draft.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 49], "section_span": [51, 84], "content_span": [85, 145]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076705-0000-0000", "contents": "1958\u201359 Minneapolis Lakers season\nThe 1958\u201359 Minneapolis Lakers season was the 11th season for the franchise in the NBA.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [33, 33], "content_span": [34, 121]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076705-0001-0000", "contents": "1958\u201359 Minneapolis Lakers season\nThe Lakers would make it to the NBA Finals, only to be swept by the Boston Celtics in four games.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [33, 33], "content_span": [34, 131]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076706-0000-0000", "contents": "1958\u201359 Montenegrin Republic League\nThe 1958\u201359 Montenegrin Republic League was 14th season of Montenegrin Republic League. Similar to season 1956\u201357 League was organised as tournament, during the April and May 1959.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [35, 35], "content_span": [36, 216]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076706-0001-0000", "contents": "1958\u201359 Montenegrin Republic League, Season\nFollowing the big changes in the structure of Yugoslav Second League, a majority of Montenegrin teams were relegated from Federal competitions after the 1957\u201358 season. So, overall 18 clubs were interested to play in 1958-59 Montenegrin Republic League. Due to that fact, Football Association of Montenegro organised regional qualifiers and winners of three qualifying groups gained placement to final tournament of Montenegrin Republic League.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 43], "content_span": [44, 488]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076706-0002-0000", "contents": "1958\u201359 Montenegrin Republic League, Season, Qualifiers\nIn the qualifiers, 18 teams were placed into three regional groups. Winners of the groups (Mladost, Rudar and Arsenal) qualified for Montenegrin Republic League. Below are the final tables of each qualifying group.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 55], "content_span": [56, 270]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076706-0003-0000", "contents": "1958\u201359 Montenegrin Republic League, Season, Championship\nAt the finals, every team played four games and the winner went to qualifiers for Yugoslav Second League. Title holder was Mladost Titograd, who finished season with three wins and one draw. Rudar was excluded from the championship, due to fact that in their team participated unregistered players. Because of that, three games of Rudar were registered with result 0-3.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 57], "content_span": [58, 427]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076706-0004-0000", "contents": "1958\u201359 Montenegrin Republic League, Season, Qualifiers for Yugoslav Second League\nIn the qualifiers for 1959-60 Second League - East, Mladost finished as a last-placed team in the group with Pobeda Prilep, Sloboda Titovo U\u017eice and Pri\u0161tina. With that result, team from Titograd remained in Montenegrin Republic League.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 82], "content_span": [83, 319]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076706-0005-0000", "contents": "1958\u201359 Montenegrin Republic League, Higher leagues\nOn season 1958\u201369, three Montenegrin teams played in higher leagues of SFR Yugoslavia. Budu\u0107nost was a member of 1958\u201359 Yugoslav First League, while Sutjeska and Lov\u0107en played in 1959\u201360 Yugoslav Second League.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 51], "content_span": [52, 263]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076707-0000-0000", "contents": "1958\u201359 Montreal Canadiens season\nThe 1958\u201359 Montreal Canadiens season was the club's 50th season of play. The Canadiens won the Stanley Cup for the fourth consecutive season, and the 11th time in club history.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [33, 33], "content_span": [34, 211]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076707-0001-0000", "contents": "1958\u201359 Montreal Canadiens season, Playoffs, Stanley Cup finals\nRocket Richard, hampered by injuries, did not score at all during the playoffs. Toronto was making its first finals appearance since 1951.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 63], "content_span": [64, 202]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076708-0000-0000", "contents": "1958\u201359 Moroccan Throne Cup\nThe 1958\u201359 season of the Moroccan Throne Cup was the third edition of the competition.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [27, 27], "content_span": [28, 115]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076708-0001-0000", "contents": "1958\u201359 Moroccan Throne Cup\nThe teams played a one-legged match. In case of a draw, the matches were replayed at the opponent's ground.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [27, 27], "content_span": [28, 135]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076708-0002-0000", "contents": "1958\u201359 Moroccan Throne Cup\nFAR de Rabat beat Mouloudia Club d'Oujda 1\u20130 in the final, played at the Stade d'honneur in Casablanca. FAR de Rabat won the competition for the first time in their history.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [27, 27], "content_span": [28, 201]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076708-0003-0000", "contents": "1958\u201359 Moroccan Throne Cup, Competition\nThe final took place between the winners of the two semi-finals, FAR de Rabat and Mouloudia Club d'Oujda, on 16 November 1957 at the Stade d'honneur in Casablanca. The match was refereed by Abdelkrim Ziani. It was the third consecutive final for MC Oujda in the competition. FAR de Rabat won the competition for the first time in their history thanks to a goal from Houcine Zemmouri (\u00a018').", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 40], "content_span": [41, 431]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076709-0000-0000", "contents": "1958\u201359 NBA season\nThe 1958\u201359 NBA Season was the 13th season of the National Basketball Association. The season ended with the Boston Celtics winning the NBA Championship (the first of what would be 8 straight), beating the Minneapolis Lakers 4 games to 0 in the NBA Finals.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 18], "section_span": [18, 18], "content_span": [19, 275]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076709-0001-0000", "contents": "1958\u201359 NBA season, Playoffs\n* Division winnerBold Series winnerItalic Team with home-court advantage in NBA Finals", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 18], "section_span": [20, 28], "content_span": [29, 115]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076709-0002-0000", "contents": "1958\u201359 NBA season, Statistics leaders\nNote: Prior to the 1969\u201370 season, league leaders in points, rebounds, and assists were determined by totals rather than averages.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 18], "section_span": [20, 38], "content_span": [39, 169]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076710-0000-0000", "contents": "1958\u201359 NCAA University Division men's basketball rankings\nThe 1958\u201359 NCAA men's basketball rankings was made up of two human polls, the AP Poll and the Coaches Poll.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 58], "section_span": [58, 58], "content_span": [59, 167]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076711-0000-0000", "contents": "1958\u201359 NCAA University Division men's basketball season\nThe 1958\u201359 NCAA University Division men's basketball season began in December 1958, progressed through the regular season and conference tournaments, and concluded with the 1959 NCAA University Division Basketball Tournament Championship Game on March 21, 1959, at Freedom Hall in Louisville, Kentucky. The California Golden Bears won their first NCAA national championship with a 71\u201370 victory over the West Virginia Mountainneers.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 56], "section_span": [56, 56], "content_span": [57, 490]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076711-0001-0000", "contents": "1958\u201359 NCAA University Division men's basketball season, Season outlook, Pre-season polls\nThe Top 20 from the AP Poll and the UPI Coaches Poll during the pre-season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 56], "section_span": [58, 90], "content_span": [91, 166]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076711-0002-0000", "contents": "1958\u201359 NCAA University Division men's basketball season, Coaching changes\nA number of teams changed coaches during the season and after it ended.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 56], "section_span": [58, 74], "content_span": [75, 146]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076712-0000-0000", "contents": "1958\u201359 NCAA football bowl games\nThe 1958\u201359 NCAA football bowl games were a series of post-season games played in December 1958 and January 1959 to end the 1958 NCAA University Division football season. A total of 8 team-competitive games, and two all-star games, were played. The post-season began with the Bluegrass Bowl on December 13, 1958, and concluded on January 3, 1959, with the season-ending Senior Bowl.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [32, 32], "content_span": [33, 415]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076713-0000-0000", "contents": "1958\u201359 NCAA men's ice hockey season\nThe 1958\u201359 NCAA men's ice hockey season began in November 1958 and concluded with the 1959 NCAA Men's Ice Hockey Tournament's championship game on March 14, 1959 at the RPI Field House in Troy, New York. This was the 12th season in which an NCAA ice hockey championship was held and is the 64th year overall where an NCAA school fielded a team.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [36, 36], "content_span": [37, 382]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076713-0001-0000", "contents": "1958\u201359 NCAA men's ice hockey season\nAfter the previous season the WIHL dissolved due to an argument between member universities over recruiting practices, namely the tendency of Colorado College, Denver and North Dakota to recruit overage Canadian players. In time the practice would eventually lead to Denver's appearance in the 1973 tournament being vacated but rules prohibiting such recruits did not exist at the time. Due to the dissolution of the WIHL the three schools belonging to the Big Ten Conference formed their own ice hockey division.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [36, 36], "content_span": [37, 550]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076713-0002-0000", "contents": "1958\u201359 NCAA men's ice hockey season, Player stats, Scoring leaders\nThe following players led the league in points at the conclusion of the season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 67], "content_span": [68, 147]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076713-0003-0000", "contents": "1958\u201359 NCAA men's ice hockey season, Player stats, Scoring leaders\nGP = Games played; G = Goals; A = Assists; Pts = Points; PIM = Penalty minutes", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 67], "content_span": [68, 146]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076713-0004-0000", "contents": "1958\u201359 NCAA men's ice hockey season, Player stats, Leading goaltenders\nThe following goaltenders led the league in goals against average at the end of the regular season while playing at least 33% of their team's total minutes.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 71], "content_span": [72, 228]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076713-0005-0000", "contents": "1958\u201359 NCAA men's ice hockey season, Player stats, Leading goaltenders\nGP = Games played; Min = Minutes played; W = Wins; L = Losses; OT = Overtime/shootout losses; GA = Goals against; SO = Shutouts; SV% = Save percentage; GAA = Goals against average", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 71], "content_span": [72, 251]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076714-0000-0000", "contents": "1958\u201359 NHL season\nThe 1958\u201359 NHL season was the 42nd season of the National Hockey League. Six teams each played 70 games. The Montreal Canadiens were the Stanley Cup champions as they beat the Toronto Maple Leafs four games to one in the best-of-seven final series. This marked the fourth consecutive Stanley Cup win for the Canadiens as they became the first team to win four in a row.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 18], "section_span": [18, 18], "content_span": [19, 389]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076714-0001-0000", "contents": "1958\u201359 NHL season, League business\nThe NHL and the Canadian Amateur Hockey Association (CAHA) negotiated a new professional-amateur agreement, since the previous deal had expired in 1955, and the groups had operated on a gentleman's agreement. CAHA secretary George Dudley announced that NHL would pay C$40,000 towards developing amateur players, and the agreement set rules for negotiation lists and reserve lists and an earlier deadline to decide which players might be moved from a junior team to a professional team. The CAHA agreed that amateurs aged 17 and older would use same rules as the professionals except for overtime.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 18], "section_span": [20, 35], "content_span": [36, 632]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076714-0002-0000", "contents": "1958\u201359 NHL season, Regular season\nThe Toronto Maple Leafs, last-place finishers the previous season, brought up Johnny Bower to share goaltending duties with Ed Chadwick and bolstered the defence by adding Carl Brewer and Allan Stanley to aid Tim Horton and Bobby Baun. Toronto was on its way up.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 18], "section_span": [20, 34], "content_span": [35, 297]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076714-0003-0000", "contents": "1958\u201359 NHL season, Regular season\nRalph Backstrom and Jean Beliveau each had two goals apiece in a 9\u20131 Montreal win at the Montreal Forum on October 23. Rudy Pilous, coach of the Black Hawks, was far from pleased with his team's performance and fined his team $100 for the poor performance.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 18], "section_span": [20, 34], "content_span": [35, 291]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076714-0004-0000", "contents": "1958\u201359 NHL season, Regular season\nBeliveau had the hat trick November 29 as Montreal beat Detroit 6\u20132 at the Forum. Gordie Howe was injured in a collision with Doug Harvey near the end of the first period and was taken to hospital. There was no serious damage and Howe was given an ovation when he returned in the third period. The next night, Montreal sneeringly pasted the Red Wings 7\u20130 as Jacques Plante got his third shutout of the season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 18], "section_span": [20, 34], "content_span": [35, 444]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076714-0005-0000", "contents": "1958\u201359 NHL season, Regular season\nOn January 3, Harvey was back in the Canadiens lineup and scored two goals in a 5\u20131 win over the New York Rangers at the Forum. A crowd of 14,711 saw a free-for-all at the end of the game. In the last minute of play, Plante got two penalties, one of them a major that sparked the fight. Jimmy Bartlett had skated right into Plante, and Plante retaliated by punching Bartlett. In no time at all, every player on the ice was involved except Rangers' net minder Gump Worsley, who decided to have none of the nonsense. Referee Dalton McArthur gave Bartlett a double major, one for charging and one for fighting, and a misconduct penalty. Harvey and Lou Fontinato also received major penalties.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 18], "section_span": [20, 34], "content_span": [35, 724]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076714-0006-0000", "contents": "1958\u201359 NHL season, Regular season\nOn February 1, the Rangers downed the Red Wings 5\u20134 at Madison Square Garden. Lou Fontinato became incensed when Gordie Howe whacked Eddie Shack over the ear with his stick, and challenged the right wing. Howe terminated the fight with an uppercut that broke Fontinato's nose and left it several degrees off centre. On February 5, the Rangers beat the Wings 5\u20130 on Worsley's shutout. Detroit coach Sid Abel, formerly Howe's centreman, was furious at his team and fined 14 players $100 each for playing what he described as \"the worst game of hockey he had seen in 20 years\".", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 18], "section_span": [20, 34], "content_span": [35, 609]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076714-0007-0000", "contents": "1958\u201359 NHL season, Regular season\nOn February 15 at Madison Square Garden, the Gumper had Montreal shut out with ten minutes remaining. Then the Canadiens scored 5 goals to win 5\u20131. Coach Phil Watson was red-faced and screaming at his Ranger players and ordered every player except Worsley out on the ice for an after-game workout. Watson said Worsley hadn't played so bad. General manager Muzz Patrick said the workout was in lieu of fines.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 18], "section_span": [20, 34], "content_span": [35, 442]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076714-0008-0000", "contents": "1958\u201359 NHL season, Regular season\nWith five games left in the season, the Rangers had a seven-point lead over Toronto. Then the Rangers went into a fatal tailspin, and the Leafs got hot. The key game was played March 19 between Toronto and the Canadiens. Plante could not play due to a severe case of boils, and so the Canadiens used Claude Pronovost in goal. He was bombed for five goals before coach Toe Blake yanked him in the third period. He was replaced by another goalie, Claude Cyr. It was his first and last NHL game.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 18], "section_span": [20, 34], "content_span": [35, 527]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076714-0008-0001", "contents": "1958\u201359 NHL season, Regular season\nHe gave up only one goal the rest of the way, but the damage was done. Toronto won 6\u20133. The Canadiens brought up the more capable Charlie Hodge from the Montreal Royals and on March 22, he beat the Rangers 4\u20132. The Rangers still had a  chance to make the playoffs if Detroit beat Toronto. The Red Wings had a 3\u20130 lead that collapsed, and the Leafs won 6\u20134 and ousted the Rangers, making the playoffs themselves.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 18], "section_span": [20, 34], "content_span": [35, 446]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076714-0009-0000", "contents": "1958\u201359 NHL season, Regular season\nThe Montreal Canadiens again won the regular season standings and again their players dominated the All-Star nominations (with six of a possible twelve, the same number as in 1956) and trophies as Jacques Plante won his fourth straight Vezina Trophy, Tom Johnson won the James Norris Memorial Trophy, ending teammate Doug Harvey's four-year monopoly, and Dickie Moore won the Art Ross Trophy, setting a new record for total points in a season: with a 41-goal, 55-assist campaign, \"Digger\" broke \"Mr. Hockey's\" record by a single point.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 18], "section_span": [20, 34], "content_span": [35, 570]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076714-0010-0000", "contents": "1958\u201359 NHL season, Regular season\nThis season marked the final time until 1967 where we would see an active player that had played for a team not in the Original Six. Former Brooklyn Americans player Ken Mosdell suited up for 2 postseason games for the Canadiens that year, and retired after Montreal won the Cup.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 18], "section_span": [20, 34], "content_span": [35, 314]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076714-0011-0000", "contents": "1958\u201359 NHL season, Player statistics, Scoring leaders\nNote: GP = Games played, G = Goals, A = Assists, Pts = Points, PIM = Penalties in minutes", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 18], "section_span": [20, 54], "content_span": [55, 144]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076714-0012-0000", "contents": "1958\u201359 NHL season, Player statistics, Leading goaltenders\nNote: GP = Games played; Min \u2013 Minutes Played; GA = Goals Against; GAA = Goals Against Average; W = Wins; L = Losses; T = Ties; SO = Shutouts", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 18], "section_span": [20, 58], "content_span": [59, 200]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076714-0013-0000", "contents": "1958\u201359 NHL season, Debuts\nThe following is a list of players of note who played their first NHL game in 1958\u201359 (listed with their first team, asterisk(*) marks debut in playoffs):", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 18], "section_span": [20, 26], "content_span": [27, 181]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076714-0014-0000", "contents": "1958\u201359 NHL season, Last games\nThe following is a list of players of note that played their last game in the NHL in 1958\u201359 (listed with their last team):", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 18], "section_span": [20, 30], "content_span": [31, 154]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076715-0000-0000", "contents": "1958\u201359 National Football League (Ireland)\nThe 1958\u201359 National Football League was the 28th staging of the National Football League (NFL), an annual Gaelic football tournament for the Gaelic Athletic Association county teams of Ireland.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 42], "section_span": [42, 42], "content_span": [43, 237]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076715-0001-0000", "contents": "1958\u201359 National Football League (Ireland)\nLeitrim reached their first and only NFL semi-final, and Derry reached their first final, where they lost to Kerry.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 42], "section_span": [42, 42], "content_span": [43, 158]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076716-0000-0000", "contents": "1958\u201359 National Hurling League\nThe 1958\u201359 National Hurling League was the 28th season of the NHL, an annual hurling competition for the GAA county teams. Tipperary won the title.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [31, 31], "content_span": [32, 180]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076717-0000-0000", "contents": "1958\u201359 Nationalliga A, Overview\nIt was contested by 14 teams, and BSC Young Boys won the championship.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [24, 32], "content_span": [33, 103]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076718-0000-0000", "contents": "1958\u201359 Nationalliga A season\nThe 1958\u201359 Nationalliga A season was the 21st season of the Nationalliga A, the top level of ice hockey in Switzerland. Eight teams participated in the league, and SC Bern won the championship.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [29, 29], "content_span": [30, 224]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076719-0000-0000", "contents": "1958\u201359 Nemzeti Bajnoks\u00e1g I, Overview\nIt was contested by 14 teams, and Csepel SC won the championship.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 37], "content_span": [38, 103]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076720-0000-0000", "contents": "1958\u201359 New York Knicks season\nThe 1958\u201359 New York Knicks season was the 13th season for the team in the National Basketball Association (NBA). In the regular season, the Knicks finished in second place in the Eastern Division with a 40\u201332 win\u2013loss record, qualifying for the NBA Playoffs for the first time since the 1955\u201356 season. New York lost in the first round to the Syracuse Nationals, two games to none.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [30, 30], "content_span": [31, 413]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076720-0001-0000", "contents": "1958\u201359 New York Knicks season, NBA Draft\nNote: This is not an extensive list; it only covers the first and second rounds, and any other players picked by the franchise that played at least one game in the league.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 41], "content_span": [42, 213]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076721-0000-0000", "contents": "1958\u201359 New York Rangers season\nThe 1958\u201359 New York Rangers season was the 33rd season for the team in the National Hockey League (NHL). The Rangers finished with a 26\u201332\u201312 record in the regular season, and did not advance to the NHL playoffs.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [31, 31], "content_span": [32, 245]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076721-0001-0000", "contents": "1958\u201359 New York Rangers season, Playoffs\nThe Rangers failed to qualify for the 1959 Stanley Cup playoffs.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 41], "content_span": [42, 106]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076721-0002-0000", "contents": "1958\u201359 New York Rangers season, Player statistics\n\u2020Denotes player spent time with another team before joining Rangers. Stats reflect time with Rangers only. \u2021Traded mid-season. Stats reflect time with Rangers only.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 50], "content_span": [51, 215]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076722-0000-0000", "contents": "1958\u201359 Newport County A.F.C. season\nThe 1958\u201359 season saw the previous season's Third Division North and South consolidated into Third and Fourth Divisions. Newport County's top-half finish qualified them for the Third Division. This was County's second season in the division as they were founder members of the Third Division before the regional split for the 1921\u201322 season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [36, 36], "content_span": [37, 379]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076723-0000-0000", "contents": "1958\u201359 North Dakota Fighting Sioux men's ice hockey season\nThe 1958\u201359 North Dakota Fighting Sioux men's ice hockey team represented the University of North Dakota in college ice hockey. In its 2nd year under head coach Bob May the team compiled a 20\u201310\u20131 record and reached the NCAA tournament for the second time. The Fighting Sioux defeated Michigan State 4\u20133 in overtime to win the championship game at the RPI Field House in Troy, New York, the first national title hosted by an eastern school.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 59], "section_span": [59, 59], "content_span": [60, 500]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076723-0001-0000", "contents": "1958\u201359 North Dakota Fighting Sioux men's ice hockey season, Season\nComing off of their first trip to the NCAA tournament, North Dakota was hoping to improve on their Runner-Up finish. First, however, the Fighting Sioux had to deal with the collapse of their conference. While programs like North Dakota and Denver had fully embraced the blueprint that Michigan had lain down by recruiting mostly overaged Canadian players, Minnesota head coach John Mariucci had made it a policy for his team to stick with American players and soon found his team left behind. Rather than join the rest of the teams Minnesota withdrew from the WIHL, taking Michigan and Michigan State with them to form the ice hockey division of the Big Ten. Rather than form a small conference of their own the remaining four teams played as independents for the 1958\u201359 season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 59], "section_span": [61, 67], "content_span": [68, 847]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076723-0002-0000", "contents": "1958\u201359 North Dakota Fighting Sioux men's ice hockey season, Season\nDespite being without a conference North Dakota played a very similar schedule to the one they had the year before. They still played each of the 6 other former WIHL teams and divided their time fairly evenly at home and on the road. After opening the season with two wins against the senior Winnipeg Maroons, North Dakota hit the road and split a pair of game at Michigan State. They returned home to take on Denver in a rematch of last season's national championship and took both close contests 4\u20133 with one win coming in extra time.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 59], "section_span": [61, 67], "content_span": [68, 604]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076723-0002-0001", "contents": "1958\u201359 North Dakota Fighting Sioux men's ice hockey season, Season\nAfter jumping out to a 5-1 start the Fighting Sioux slumped over the holiday break, tying then losing to the US National Team before dropping a match on the road with the Warroad Lakers. They lost their next game at home to Michigan Tech before finally stemming the tide with an overtime win the next night. Sporting a pedestrian 5-4-1 record UND went on an extended road trip through the great lakes.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 59], "section_span": [61, 67], "content_span": [68, 469]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076723-0003-0000", "contents": "1958\u201359 North Dakota Fighting Sioux men's ice hockey season, Season\nThe team's first stop was in Duluth where they took both games against an inferior Bulldogs squad. Afterwards they headed Ann Arbor and in the first game against the Wolverines the Fighting Sioux were beating up the home team so badly that the crowd couldn't contain themselves and ended up getting into a fight with the visitors. The game was stopped with 5:20 left in the third period and the remainder of the time was cancelled. The next night was a bit more subdued but North Dakota dropped the contest 2\u20134. After taking a week off the team returned to the area to take on Minnesota and Michigan Tech, splitting both series and beginning a six-game homestand with a respectable 11-7-1 record.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 59], "section_span": [61, 67], "content_span": [68, 764]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076723-0004-0000", "contents": "1958\u201359 North Dakota Fighting Sioux men's ice hockey season, Season\nNorth Dakota welcomed Colorado College and won both games against the once-fearsome Tigers. After splitting yet another series against Michigan State the Fighting Sioux finished their home schedule with a pair of wins against Minnesota. For their final weekend North Dakota headed to Colorado to face the Pioneers and Tigers twice each in a 5-day span. Despite fatigue and elevation North Dakota acquitted themselves well by splitting both series and ending with an 18-10-1 record.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 59], "section_span": [61, 67], "content_span": [68, 549]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076723-0005-0000", "contents": "1958\u201359 North Dakota Fighting Sioux men's ice hockey season, Season\nWith the dissolution of the WIHL the NCAA selection committee had to use a new metric to determine which two western team would make the tournament. In the end they settled on using a similar method to how they choose eastern teams; they gave the top seed to the Big Ten Champion, Michigan State, then picked the best remaining team as the second semifinalist. While Michigan Tech had split its series with North Dakota during the season they finished with a worse record.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 59], "section_span": [61, 67], "content_span": [68, 540]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076723-0005-0001", "contents": "1958\u201359 North Dakota Fighting Sioux men's ice hockey season, Season\nDenver, on the other hand, ended with a stellar 22-5-1 mark and possessed the best offense in the country. There was, however, a problem. While most teams had a relatively balanced schedule, Denver had played only five of its 26 games on the road. Additionally, three of those game came against Colorado College. This meant that during the entire season Denver left their state only once and when they did they lost both game against North Dakota. Because of Denver's rather sizable home ice advantage their schedule was seen as far less strenuous than the Fighting Sioux's. In the end it may have been UND's 3\u20131 record against the Pioneers that tipped the scales in their favor but in any event North Dakota was awarded the second western seed, much to the displeasure of the Denver faithful.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 59], "section_span": [61, 67], "content_span": [68, 861]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076723-0006-0000", "contents": "1958\u201359 North Dakota Fighting Sioux men's ice hockey season, Season\nNorth Dakota headed to the eastern time zone for the first time all season to take on Tri-State League champion St. Lawrence. The Saints battled the Fighting Sioux to a 3-3 tie after regulation and were hoping to head to their first National Title in their fourth appearance but a goal by UND's Guy LaFrance sent the Fighting Sioux back to the championship game. In the other semifinal Michigan State dropped Boston College by an identical 4\u20133 score, though they didn't require extra time.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 59], "section_span": [61, 67], "content_span": [68, 557]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076723-0006-0001", "contents": "1958\u201359 North Dakota Fighting Sioux men's ice hockey season, Season\nIn the fifth meeting that season the Spartans opened the scoring in a close-checking first period, ending with a one-goal advantage due to an Ed Pollesel marker. In the second period North Dakota found their legs and completely took the game over, outshooting MSU 17\u20134 and outscoring their opponent 3\u20130. Once the third period began the pendulum swung completely in the other direction and it was Sparty's turn to take over, scoring twice in the final twelve minutes of play to tie the game and send the national championship into overtime.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 59], "section_span": [61, 67], "content_span": [68, 607]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076723-0006-0002", "contents": "1958\u201359 North Dakota Fighting Sioux men's ice hockey season, Season\nNorth Dakota hadn't lost an overtime game in over two years and head coach Bob May confessed to being nervous about that statistic. His team may have picked up on that because they didn't record a shot for more than four minutes but when they did they made it count and Reg Morelli scored to give the Fighting Sioux their first national title.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 59], "section_span": [61, 67], "content_span": [68, 411]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076723-0007-0000", "contents": "1958\u201359 North Dakota Fighting Sioux men's ice hockey season, Season\nMorelli was awarded the tournament MOP and was joined by Ed Thomlinson on the All-Tournament first team while Ralph Lyndon and Joe Poole appeared on the second team.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 59], "section_span": [61, 67], "content_span": [68, 233]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076723-0008-0000", "contents": "1958\u201359 North Dakota Fighting Sioux men's ice hockey season, Season\nBill Steenson was the only player on the team to find his way onto the AHCA All-American West Team and while Bob May received a great deal of support for the Spencer Penrose Award the trophy went to Harry Cleverly.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 59], "section_span": [61, 67], "content_span": [68, 282]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076723-0009-0000", "contents": "1958\u201359 North Dakota Fighting Sioux men's ice hockey season, Season\nAfter the season May left the team to coach minor professional hockey for a year before entering dental school. The team was not left in the lurch, however, as assistant coach Barry Thorndycraft took over the reigns.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 59], "section_span": [61, 67], "content_span": [68, 284]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076723-0010-0000", "contents": "1958\u201359 North Dakota Fighting Sioux men's ice hockey season, Schedule\n\u2020 The game against Michigan on January 16 was ended with 5:20 remaining in the 3rd period due to a fight involving players and fans.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 59], "section_span": [61, 69], "content_span": [70, 202]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076724-0000-0000", "contents": "1958\u201359 Northern Football League\nThe 1958\u201359 Northern Football League season was the 61st in the history of the Northern Football League, a football competition in Northern England.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [32, 32], "content_span": [33, 181]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076724-0001-0000", "contents": "1958\u201359 Northern Football League, Clubs\nThe league featured 14 clubs which competed in the last season, along with one new club, joined from the North Eastern League:", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 39], "content_span": [40, 166]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076725-0000-0000", "contents": "1958\u201359 Northern Rugby Football League season\nThe 1958\u201359 Northern Rugby Football League season was the 64th season of rugby league football. Thirty clubs from across Northern England competed for the Championship, culminating in a final between St. Helens and Hunslet.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 45], "section_span": [45, 45], "content_span": [46, 269]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076725-0001-0000", "contents": "1958\u201359 Northern Rugby Football League season, Season summary\nSt. Helens won their third Championship when they beat Hunslet 44-22 in the Championship Final. They had also finished the regular season as the league leaders.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 45], "section_span": [47, 61], "content_span": [62, 222]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076725-0002-0000", "contents": "1958\u201359 Northern Rugby Football League season, Season summary\nThe Challenge Cup winners were Wigan who beat Hull F.C. 30-13 in the final.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 45], "section_span": [47, 61], "content_span": [62, 137]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076725-0003-0000", "contents": "1958\u201359 Northern Rugby Football League season, Season summary\nWigan won the Lancashire League, and Wakefield Trinity won the Yorkshire League. Oldham beat St. Helens 12\u20132 to win the Lancashire County Cup, and Leeds beat Wakefield Trinity 24\u201320 to win the Yorkshire County Cup.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 45], "section_span": [47, 61], "content_span": [62, 276]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076725-0004-0000", "contents": "1958\u201359 Northern Rugby Football League season, Season summary\nThis season, St. Helens winger Tom van Vollenhoven set a new record for most tries in a season, with 62.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 45], "section_span": [47, 61], "content_span": [62, 166]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076725-0005-0000", "contents": "1958\u201359 Northern Rugby Football League season, Challenge Cup\nWigan reached the final by beating Leeds 12\u20135 at home on 21 Feb in Round 1; Hunslet 22\u20134 at home on 7 Mar in Round 2; Halifax 26\u20130 away on 21 Mar in the quarter-finals and Swinton 5\u20130 on 11 Apr in the semi-final played at Leigh. Captained by Eric Ashton, they then beat Hull 30\u201313 in the Challenge Cup Final played at Wembley Stadium before a crowd of 79,811 with tries from Boston (2), Bolton, Holden, McTigue and Sullivan and six goals from Griffiths.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 45], "section_span": [47, 60], "content_span": [61, 514]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076725-0006-0000", "contents": "1958\u201359 Northern Rugby Football League season, Challenge Cup\nThis was Wigan's sixth Challenge Cup Final win in ten Final appearances and their second in successive years. Brian McTigue, their second-row forward, was awarded the Lance Todd Trophy for his man-of-the-match performance.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 45], "section_span": [47, 60], "content_span": [61, 283]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076726-0000-0000", "contents": "1958\u201359 Norwegian 1. Divisjon season\nThe 1958\u201359 Norwegian 1. Divisjon season was the 20th season of ice hockey in Norway. Eight teams participated in the league, and Gamlebyen won the championship.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [36, 36], "content_span": [37, 198]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076727-0000-0000", "contents": "1958\u201359 Norwegian Main League\nThe 1958\u20131959 Hovedserien was the 15th completed season of top division football in Norway.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [29, 29], "content_span": [30, 121]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076727-0001-0000", "contents": "1958\u201359 Norwegian Main League, Overview\nIt was contested by 16 teams, and Lillestr\u00f8m won the championship, their first league title.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 39], "content_span": [40, 132]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076728-0000-0000", "contents": "1958\u201359 OB I bajnoksag season\nThe 1958\u201359 OB I bajnoks\u00e1g season was the 22nd season of the OB I bajnoks\u00e1g, the top level of ice hockey in Hungary. Five teams participated in the league, and Voros Meteor Budapest won the championship.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [29, 29], "content_span": [30, 233]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076729-0000-0000", "contents": "1958\u201359 Oberliga\nThe 1958\u201359 Oberliga  was the fourteenth season of the Oberliga, the first tier of the football league system in West Germany. The league operated in five regional divisions, Berlin, North, South, Southwest and West. The five league champions and the runners-up from the west, south, southwest and north then entered the 1959 German football championship which was won by Eintracht Frankfurt. It was Frankfurt's sole national championship win. The 1959 final was one of only two post Second World War finals to go into extra time, the other having been in 1949.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 16], "section_span": [16, 16], "content_span": [17, 578]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076729-0001-0000", "contents": "1958\u201359 Oberliga\nA similar-named league, the DDR-Oberliga, existed in East Germany, set at the first tier of the East German football league system. The 1959 DDR-Oberliga was won by SC Wismut Karl-Marx-Stadt.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 16], "section_span": [16, 16], "content_span": [17, 208]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076729-0002-0000", "contents": "1958\u201359 Oberliga, Oberliga Nord\nThe 1958\u201359 season saw two new clubs in the league, ASV Bergedorf 85 and VfV Hildesheim, both promoted from the Amateurliga. The league's top scorer was Uwe Seeler of Hamburger SV with 29 goals, the highest total for any scorer in the five Oberligas in 1958\u201359.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 16], "section_span": [18, 31], "content_span": [32, 293]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076729-0003-0000", "contents": "1958\u201359 Oberliga, Oberliga Berlin\nThe  1958\u201359 season saw two new clubs in the league, BFC S\u00fcdring and Rapide Wedding, both promoted from the Amateurliga Berlin. The league's top scorer was Reinhard Kn\u00f6fel of Spandauer SV with 23 goals.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 16], "section_span": [18, 33], "content_span": [34, 236]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076729-0004-0000", "contents": "1958\u201359 Oberliga, Oberliga West\nThe 1958\u201359 season saw two new clubs in the league, STV Horst-Emscher and Borussia M\u00fcnchen-Gladbach, both promoted from the 2. Oberliga West. The league's top scorer was Gerhard Clement of Westfalia Herne with 28 goals.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 16], "section_span": [18, 31], "content_span": [32, 251]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076729-0005-0000", "contents": "1958\u201359 Oberliga, Oberliga S\u00fcdwest\nThe  1958\u201359 season saw two new clubs in the league, Sportfreunde Saarbr\u00fccken and SpVgg Weisenau, both promoted from the 2. Oberliga S\u00fcdwest. The league's top scorers were Rudolf Bast (FV Speyer) and Helmut Kapitulski (FK Pirmasens) with 25 goals each.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 16], "section_span": [18, 34], "content_span": [35, 287]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076729-0006-0000", "contents": "1958\u201359 Oberliga, Oberliga S\u00fcd\nThe  1958\u201359 season saw two new clubs in the league, TSG Ulm 1846 and SV Waldhof Mannheim, both promoted from the 2. Oberliga S\u00fcd. The league's top scorer was Ernst-Otto Meyer of VfR Mannheim with 27 goals, a record third time finishing as the league's top scorer.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 16], "section_span": [18, 30], "content_span": [31, 295]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076729-0007-0000", "contents": "1958\u201359 Oberliga, German championship\nThe 1959 German football championship was contested by the nine qualified Oberliga teams and won by Eintracht Frankfurt, defeating Kickers Offenbach in the final. The runners-up of the Oberliga Nord and S\u00fcdwest played a pre-qualifying match. The remaining eight clubs then played a home-and-away round in two groups of four. The two group winners then advanced to the final.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 16], "section_span": [18, 37], "content_span": [38, 412]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076730-0000-0000", "contents": "1958\u201359 Panhellenic Championship\nThe  1958\u201359 Panhellenic Championship  was the 23rd season of the highest football league of Greece and the last one that was held with the system of qualifying rounds per local association, as from the following year the structure of Greek football changed with the introduction of Alpha Ethniki, as well as the other categories in following seasons. Olympiacos won their 15th championship (6 consecutive) after an interesting race with AEK Athens. Compared to the previous season, the teams that participated in the final round of the championship decreased by 2 (10 out of 12) and resulted as follows:", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [32, 32], "content_span": [33, 637]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076730-0001-0000", "contents": "1958\u201359 Panhellenic Championship\nThe qualifying round matches took place from 7 September 1958 to 14 January 1959, while the final round took place from 21 January to 21 June 1959. The point system was: Win: 3 points - Draw: 2 points - Loss: 1 point.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [32, 32], "content_span": [33, 250]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076731-0000-0000", "contents": "1958\u201359 Philadelphia Warriors season\nThe 1958\u201359 NBA season was the Warriors' 13th season in the NBA.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [36, 36], "content_span": [37, 101]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076732-0000-0000", "contents": "1958\u201359 Polska Liga Hokejowa season\nThe 1958\u201359 Polska Liga Hokejowa season was the 24th season of the Polska Liga Hokejowa, the top level of ice hockey in Poland. Eight teams participated in the league, and Legia Warszawa won the championship.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [35, 35], "content_span": [36, 244]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076733-0000-0000", "contents": "1958\u201359 Port Vale F.C. season\nThe 1958\u201359 season was Port Vale's 47th season of football in the English Football League, and their first season in the newly created Fourth Division following their relegation from the Third Division South. They scored a club-record 110 goals in 46 league matches to storm to the Fourth Division title. Forwards Stan Steele, Jack Wilkinson,  Graham Barnett, Harry Poole, and John Cunliffe all reached double-figures in front of goal.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [29, 29], "content_span": [30, 465]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076733-0001-0000", "contents": "1958\u201359 Port Vale F.C. season, Overview, Fourth Division\nThe pre-season saw the arrival of the 'speedy and direct' winger Brian Jackson (signed from Liverpool for \u00a32,000), experienced left-back Roy Pritchard (Notts County), and Peter Hall (Stoke City). There was also a change of chairman, as Jake Bloom took charge. He initiated a change of kit, as Vale played in black and amber striped jerseys with black shorts.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 56], "content_span": [57, 415]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076733-0002-0000", "contents": "1958\u201359 Port Vale F.C. season, Overview, Fourth Division\nThe season opened with a 4\u20131 home defeat by Northampton Town, Andy Woan scoring the first goal of the new division. Roy Sproson was then dropped from the first eleven, and Vale failed to find a win in Burslem until 29 September. Their away form proved to be outstanding though, as the team recorded seven wins in their first nine away fixtures. On 24 September, Vale Park saw its first match under the new \u00a317,000 floodlights, as the club beat West Bromwich Albion (who included Ronnie Allen in their line-up) 5\u20133.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 56], "content_span": [57, 571]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076733-0002-0001", "contents": "1958\u201359 Port Vale F.C. season, Overview, Fourth Division\nWith a 4\u20131 win over Southport five days later, The Sentinel's 'T.G.F.' remarked that \"the spell is broken\". Vale remained unbeaten at home for the rest of the season. Strong in attack, the club took until 11 October before failing to score, in a goalless draw with Oldham Athletic witnessed by Shirley Bassey (as a guest of Norman Low). A fortnight later Vale failed to beat Carlisle United, as referee J.G.Williams blew the full-time whistle just as a Jack Wilkinson header was floating into the opposition's net. On 8 November, Vale beat Exeter City 5\u20133 in a top-of-the-table clash. Two consecutive away defeats followed soon after, as Vale fell down to third. The 4\u20132 loss in an 'appalling mud bath' at The Den saw the d\u00e9buts of keeper Ken Hancock and striker Graham Barnett.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 56], "content_span": [57, 835]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076733-0003-0000", "contents": "1958\u201359 Port Vale F.C. season, Overview, Fourth Division\nA twelve match unbeaten run followed, taking Vale four points clear at the top. This included a triumphant 8\u20130 Boxing day win over Gateshead (a Vale Park record and their biggest win since 24 September 1932), followed by a 4\u20130 win at Redheugh Park on New Year's Day. Roy Sproson was then brought back into the defensive line, whilst up front Stan Steele 'did the work of two men', Harry Poole brought 'flexibility and fluidity', and Barnett scored from half-chances.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 56], "content_span": [57, 523]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076733-0003-0001", "contents": "1958\u201359 Port Vale F.C. season, Overview, Fourth Division\nJust as Vale seemed to be running away with the title, defeat came on 16 March at Highfield Road to Coventry City. The following month the \"Valiants\" beat the \"sky blues\" 3\u20130, taking them six points ahead of the chasing pack. Promotion was secured on 18 April with a 1\u20131 draw at home to Darlington, and the title was secured with a final day victory over Millwall.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 56], "content_span": [57, 421]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076733-0004-0000", "contents": "1958\u201359 Port Vale F.C. season, Overview, Fourth Division\nThey finished as champions with 64 points, four points clear of second, and seven clear of fifth spot. They had secured twelve victories on the road, as despite nobody recording a hat-trick all season, a club-record 110 goals were scored \u2013 with five players reaching double-figures. The defence was also strong, only Coventry and York City conceded fewer. Praise came in for manager Norman Low, who in turned praised Barnett as 'the supreme goal poacher', Hancock as 'the find of the season', whilst Steele was 'the model of consistency'.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 56], "content_span": [57, 595]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076733-0005-0000", "contents": "1958\u201359 Port Vale F.C. season, Overview, Finances\nOn the financial side, gate receipts rose by 20% to \u00a339,934, whilst there was a transfer credit of \u00a36,075. Wages had risen to \u00a326,535, however the club's Sportsmen's Association made a donation of \u00a39,069 to give the club a profit of \u00a38,595. Pleased with his players, Low only released Alan Martin (Northwich Victoria) and reserve Ken Higgs (who went on to enjoy a successful cricket career). The stadium received an upgrade, as the Bycars End was terraced, increasing capacity by 6,500 to 50,000, and the car park was extended and additional drains were installed.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 49], "content_span": [50, 614]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076733-0006-0000", "contents": "1958\u201359 Port Vale F.C. season, Overview, Cup competitions\nIn the FA Cup, Vale exited in the First Round with a 1\u20130 defeat by Torquay United at Plainmoor.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 57], "content_span": [58, 153]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076734-0000-0000", "contents": "1958\u201359 Primeira Divis\u00e3o, Overview\nIt was contested by 14 teams, and F.C. Porto won the championship.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 34], "content_span": [35, 101]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076735-0000-0000", "contents": "1958\u201359 Princeton Tigers men's basketball team\nThe 1958\u201359 Princeton Tigers men's basketball team represented Princeton University in intercollegiate college basketball during the 1958\u201359 NCAA University Division men's basketball season. The head coach was Franklin Cappon and the team captain was Carl Belz. The team played its home games in the Dillon Gymnasium in Princeton, New Jersey. The team was the Co-Champion of the Ivy League, ending the regular season tied with Dartmouth Big Green with a 13\u20131 record at the end of the regular conference schedule.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 46], "section_span": [46, 46], "content_span": [47, 559]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076735-0001-0000", "contents": "1958\u201359 Princeton Tigers men's basketball team\nFollowing a 4\u20133 start the team won twelve consecutive games on its way to posting a 19\u20135 overall record and a 13\u20132 conference record. After ending the regular season tied for the conference lead, the team lost a one-game playoff against Dartmouth on March 7, 1959, at the Payne Whitney Gymnasium in New Haven, Connecticut, by a 69\u201368 margin for the Ivy League championship and the automatic invitation to the 1959 NCAA Men's Division I Basketball Tournament.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 46], "section_span": [46, 46], "content_span": [47, 505]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076735-0002-0000", "contents": "1958\u201359 Princeton Tigers men's basketball team\nBelz established the current school single-game rebounding record on January 31, 1959, against the Rutgers Scarlett Knights when he totaled 29. This surpassed the previous record of 27 set on February 1, 1956, against Rutgers and tied on March 3, 1956, against the Cornell Big Red, both by David \"Whitey\" Fulcomer.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 46], "section_span": [46, 46], "content_span": [47, 361]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076735-0003-0000", "contents": "1958\u201359 Princeton Tigers men's basketball team\nBelz, who finished second to Cornell's Lou Jordan in the conference in scoring with a 20.1 points per game average, and Jim Brangan were both first team All-Ivy League selections, and Belz was drafted by the Minneapolis Lakers in the 9th Round of the 1959 NBA Draft with the 62nd overall selection. Belz led the conference in field goal percentage with a 56.8%.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 46], "section_span": [46, 46], "content_span": [47, 408]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076736-0000-0000", "contents": "1958\u201359 Rangers F.C. season\nThe 1958\u201359 season is the 79th season of competitive football by Rangers.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [27, 27], "content_span": [28, 101]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076736-0001-0000", "contents": "1958\u201359 Rangers F.C. season, Overview\nRangers played a total of 43 competitive matches during the 1959\u201360 season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 37], "content_span": [38, 113]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076737-0000-0000", "contents": "1958\u201359 Ranji Trophy\nThe 1958\u201359 Ranji Trophy was the 25th season of the Ranji Trophy. Bombay won the title defeating Bengal in the final. This started a sequence of 15 consecutive Ranji titles for Bombay.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [20, 20], "content_span": [21, 205]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076738-0000-0000", "contents": "1958\u201359 Real Madrid CF season\nThe 1958\u201359 season was Real Madrid Club de F\u00fatbol's 56th season in existence and the club's 28th consecutive season in the top flight of Spanish football.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [29, 29], "content_span": [30, 184]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076738-0001-0000", "contents": "1958\u201359 Real Madrid CF season, Summary\nDuring the summer Hungarian player Ferenc Pusk\u00e1s arrived to the club after a 2-year FIFA ban on the him. The move was controversial due to player's age (31 years old) and his being overweight, reasons why he had already been turned down by Juventus, Milan and Manchester United.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 38], "content_span": [39, 317]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076738-0002-0000", "contents": "1958\u201359 Real Madrid CF season, Summary\nHowever, Puskas and Di Stefano completed a lethal duo with an astonishing campaign collecting for the club the fourth consecutive European Cup defeating Just Fontaine's Stade de Reims. However, Puskas missed the final match due to a technical decision by head coach Luis Carniglia, who was fired after that by club chairman Santiago Bernab\u00e9u. Also, Di Stefano clinched another top scorer individual trophy in the Spanish league with 23 goals. Puskas was in second place with 21 goals.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 38], "content_span": [39, 523]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076738-0003-0000", "contents": "1958\u201359 Real Madrid CF season, Summary\nThe squad finished in a decent second spot in the league table, four points behind champions FC Barcelona, despite scoring a record 89 goals (to Barcelona's 96). In June, the club reached the semi-finals of Copa del General\u00edsimo, where they were defeated by FC Barcelona.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 38], "content_span": [39, 310]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076738-0004-0000", "contents": "1958\u201359 Real Madrid CF season, Squad\nNote: Flags indicate national team as defined under FIFA eligibility rules. Players may hold more than one non-FIFA nationality.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 36], "content_span": [37, 165]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076739-0000-0000", "contents": "1958\u201359 Red Star Belgrade season\nDuring the 1958\u201359 season, Red Star Belgrade participated in the 1958\u201359 Yugoslav First League, 1958\u201359 Yugoslav Cup and 1958 Danube Cup.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [32, 32], "content_span": [33, 170]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076739-0001-0000", "contents": "1958\u201359 Red Star Belgrade season, Season summary\nRed Star won their first double in this season. Rajko Miti\u0107 played his last game for Red Star in the 1957\u201358 Yugoslav Cup final against Vele\u017e Mostar.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 48], "content_span": [49, 198]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076739-0002-0000", "contents": "1958\u201359 Red Star Belgrade season, Season summary\nOn 30 April 1959, Red Star played a friendly match against Milan.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 48], "content_span": [49, 114]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076740-0000-0000", "contents": "1958\u201359 Rheinlandliga\nThe 1958\u201359 Rheinlandliga was the seventh season of the highest amateur class of the Rhineland Football Association under the name of 1. Amateurliga Rheinland. It was a predecessor of today's Rheinlandliga. It was the third season in which the league played with two game divisions, East and West. The Rhineland champion was determined through a game between the division champions.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [21, 21], "content_span": [22, 404]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076740-0001-0000", "contents": "1958\u201359 Rheinlandliga\nThe 1. Amateurliga was below II. Division Southwest until 1963 and therefore the third-class in the hierarchy. In the seasons 1956\u201357 to 1962\u201363 the league was played in two divisions (East and West). The two division champions played to determine the Rhineland champion. With the introduction of the regional league Southwest as second highest class, starting in the 1963\u201364 season, the Amateur league Rheinland was again combined into one division.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [21, 21], "content_span": [22, 472]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076740-0001-0001", "contents": "1958\u201359 Rheinlandliga\nBeginning in the 1974\u201375 season, the league played a role as a sub-team to the newly introduced 2. Bundesliga, where the Rhineland champion played in a relegation against the champion of the Verbandsliga S\u00fcdwest and the Saarlandliga, for a position in the south divisions of the 2. Bundesliga. Starting from the 1978\u201379 season, the Oberliga Rheinland-Pfalz/Saar was introduced as the highest amateur class and this class was renamed to the \"Verbandsliga Rheinland\" and since then only fourth class.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [21, 21], "content_span": [22, 520]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076740-0002-0000", "contents": "1958\u201359 Rheinlandliga, Results\nRheinland champion was the winner of the West Division, Germania Metternich, after a victory over the East Division champion SC Sinzig. The following the move up to the II. Division Southwest, Metternich unsuccessfully landed in last place and had to continue to play in the Amateurliga.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [23, 30], "content_span": [31, 318]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076740-0003-0000", "contents": "1958\u201359 Rheinlandliga, Results\nThe amateurs of SpVgg Andernach, SG Betzdorf, SV Bendorf and SV Woppenrath had to move down to the 2. Amateur League.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [23, 30], "content_span": [31, 148]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076740-0004-0000", "contents": "1958\u201359 Rheinlandliga, Results\nFor the following season 1959\u201360, promoted from the 2. Amateur League were:", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [23, 30], "content_span": [31, 106]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076740-0005-0000", "contents": "1958\u201359 Rheinlandliga, Results\nVfL Trier came as relegated team down from the II. Division and played in the West Division in the following season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [23, 30], "content_span": [31, 147]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076740-0006-0000", "contents": "1958\u201359 Rheinlandliga, Results\nSSV Heimbach-Weis and Eintracht H\u00f6hr-Grenzhausen switched from the West to the East Division after this season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [23, 30], "content_span": [31, 142]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076741-0000-0000", "contents": "1958\u201359 Rochdale A.F.C. season\nThe 1958\u201359 season saw Rochdale compete in the newly formed Football League Third Division.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [30, 30], "content_span": [31, 122]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076742-0000-0000", "contents": "1958\u201359 Romanian Hockey League season\nThe 1958\u201359 Romanian Hockey League season was the 29th season of the Romanian Hockey League. Six teams participated in the league, and CCA Bucuresti won the championship.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [37, 37], "content_span": [38, 208]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076743-0000-0000", "contents": "1958\u201359 Rugby Union County Championship\nThe 1958\u201359 Rugby Union County Championship was the 59th edition of England's premier rugby union club competition at the time.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [39, 39], "content_span": [40, 167]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076743-0001-0000", "contents": "1958\u201359 Rugby Union County Championship\nWarwickshire won the competition for the third time after defeating Gloucestershire in the final.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [39, 39], "content_span": [40, 137]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076744-0000-0000", "contents": "1958\u201359 SK Rapid Wien season\nThe 1958\u201359 SK Rapid Wien season was the 61st season in club history.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [28, 28], "content_span": [29, 98]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076745-0000-0000", "contents": "1958\u201359 SM-sarja season\nThe 1958\u201359 SM-sarja season was the 28th season of the SM-sarja, the top level of ice hockey in Finland. 10 teams participated in the league, and Tappara Tampere won the championship.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [23, 23], "content_span": [24, 207]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076746-0000-0000", "contents": "1958\u201359 Scottish Cup\nThe 1958\u201359 Scottish Cup was the 74th staging of Scotland's most prestigious football knockout competition. The Cup was won by St Mirren who defeated Aberdeen in the final.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [20, 20], "content_span": [21, 193]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076747-0000-0000", "contents": "1958\u201359 Scottish Division One\nThe 1958\u201359 Scottish Division One was won by Rangers by two points over nearest rival Hearts. Falkirk and Queen of the South finished 17th and 18th respectively and were relegated to the 1959\u201360 Scottish Division Two.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [29, 29], "content_span": [30, 247]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076747-0001-0000", "contents": "1958\u201359 Scottish Division One\nThe last day of the season saw Rangers holding a 2-point lead over Hearts, with the clubs having an identical goal average. Rangers lost 1\u20132 at home to Aberdeen. Hearts could have won the league on goal average with a win away to Celtic, but instead lost 2\u20131.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [29, 29], "content_span": [30, 289]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076748-0000-0000", "contents": "1958\u201359 Scottish Division Two\nThe 1958\u201359 Scottish Second Division was won by Ayr United who, along with second placed Arbroath, were promoted to the First Division. Montrose finished bottom.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [29, 29], "content_span": [30, 191]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076750-0000-0000", "contents": "1958\u201359 Scottish Inter-District Championship\nThe 1958\u201359 Scottish Inter-District Championship was a  rugby union competition for Scotland's district teams.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [44, 44], "content_span": [45, 155]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076750-0001-0000", "contents": "1958\u201359 Scottish Inter-District Championship\nSouth and Edinburgh District won the competition with two wins and a loss each.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [44, 44], "content_span": [45, 124]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076751-0000-0000", "contents": "1958\u201359 Scottish League Cup\nThe 1958\u201359 Scottish League Cup was the thirteenth season of Scotland's second football knockout competition. The competition was won Heart of Midlothian, who defeated Partick Thistle in the Final.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [27, 27], "content_span": [28, 225]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076752-0000-0000", "contents": "1958\u201359 Segunda Divisi\u00f3n\nThe 1958\u201359 Segunda Divisi\u00f3n season was the 28th since its establishment and was played between 13 September 1958 and 19 April 1959.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [24, 24], "content_span": [25, 157]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076752-0001-0000", "contents": "1958\u201359 Segunda Divisi\u00f3n, Overview before the season\n32 teams joined the league, including two relegated from the 1957\u201358 La Liga and 4 promoted from the 1957\u201358 Tercera Divisi\u00f3n.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 52], "content_span": [53, 179]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076753-0000-0000", "contents": "1958\u201359 Serie A\nThe 1958\u201359 Serie A season was the 29th edition of Serie A, the top-level football competition in Italy. The championship was won by Milan.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 15], "section_span": [15, 15], "content_span": [16, 155]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076754-0000-0000", "contents": "1958\u201359 Serie A (ice hockey) season\nThe 1958\u201359 Serie A season was the 25th season of the Serie A, the top level of ice hockey in Italy. Four teams participated in the league, and SG Cortina won the championship.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [35, 35], "content_span": [36, 212]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076755-0000-0000", "contents": "1958\u201359 Serie B\nThe Serie B 1958\u201359 was the twenty-seventh tournament of this competition played in Italy since its creation.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 15], "section_span": [15, 15], "content_span": [16, 125]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076755-0001-0000", "contents": "1958\u201359 Serie B, Teams\nReggiana and Vigevano had been promoted from Serie C, while Atalanta and Hellas Verona had been relegated from Serie A.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 15], "section_span": [17, 22], "content_span": [23, 142]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076756-0000-0000", "contents": "1958\u201359 Serie C\nThe 1958\u201359 Serie C was the twenty-first edition of Serie C, the third highest league in the Italian football league system. There were no relegations in order to expand the league to three groups. The expansion was decided by the FIGC.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 15], "section_span": [15, 15], "content_span": [16, 252]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076757-0000-0000", "contents": "1958\u201359 Sheffield Shield season\nThe 1958\u201359 Sheffield Shield season was the 57th season of the Sheffield Shield, the domestic first-class cricket competition of Australia. New South Wales won the championship for the sixth consecutive year.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [31, 31], "content_span": [32, 240]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076758-0000-0000", "contents": "1958\u201359 Southern Football League\nThe 1958\u201359 Southern Football League season was the 56th in the history of the league, an English football competition.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [32, 32], "content_span": [33, 152]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076758-0001-0000", "contents": "1958\u201359 Southern Football League\nIt was the first season since 1936 the league split into two divisions following the election of thirteen new clubs at the end of the previous season. Hereford United won the North-West Division, whilst Bedford Town won the South-East Division. Bedford were declared Southern League champions after defeating Hereford 2\u20131 in a championship play-off at Edgar Street on 9 May. Nine clubs applied to join the Football League, although none were successful.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [32, 32], "content_span": [33, 486]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076758-0002-0000", "contents": "1958\u201359 Southern Football League\nThe plan for the following season was to have a Premier Division of 22 clubs and a Division One below it. As a result, the top eleven clubs in each division this season would remain in the new Premier Division, whilst clubs finishing twelfth or lower would be in the new Division One.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [32, 32], "content_span": [33, 317]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076758-0003-0000", "contents": "1958\u201359 Southern Football League, North-West Division\nIt was the first and the only North-West Division season. North-West Division consisted of 18 clubs, including 11 Southern League clubs from the previous season and seven new clubs:", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 53], "content_span": [54, 235]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076758-0004-0000", "contents": "1958\u201359 Southern Football League, North-West Division\nAt the end of the season Southern League divisions were restructured. The top eleven clubs in each division this season remained in the new Premier Division, whilst clubs finishing twelfth or lower relegated to the new Division One. Lovells Athletic left the league and switched to the Welsh football pyramid.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 53], "content_span": [54, 363]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076758-0005-0000", "contents": "1958\u201359 Southern Football League, South-East Division\nIt was the first and the only South-East Division season. South-East Division consisted of 17 clubs, including 11 Southern League clubs from the previous season and six new clubs:", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 53], "content_span": [54, 233]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076758-0006-0000", "contents": "1958\u201359 Southern Football League, South-East Division\nAt the end of the season Southern League divisions were restructured. The top eleven clubs in each division this season remained in the new Premier Division, whilst clubs finishing twelfth or lower relegated to the new Division One.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 53], "content_span": [54, 286]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076758-0007-0000", "contents": "1958\u201359 Southern Football League, Football League election\nNine Southern League clubs applied to join the Football League. However, all four League clubs were re-elected.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 58], "content_span": [59, 170]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076759-0000-0000", "contents": "1958\u201359 Soviet League season\nThe 1958\u201359 Soviet Championship League season was the 13th season of the Soviet Championship League, the top level of ice hockey in the Soviet Union. Twelve teams participated in the league, and CSK MO Moscow won the championship.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [28, 28], "content_span": [29, 259]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076760-0000-0000", "contents": "1958\u201359 Spartan League\nThe 1958\u201359 Spartan League season was the 41st in the history of Spartan League. The league consisted of 16 teams.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [22, 22], "content_span": [23, 137]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076760-0001-0000", "contents": "1958\u201359 Spartan League, League table\nThe division featured 16 teams, 14 from last season and 2 new teams:", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [24, 36], "content_span": [37, 105]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076760-0002-0000", "contents": "1958\u201359 Spartan League, League table\nAfter the season Briggs Sports merged with Ford Sports to form Ford United,and joined Aetolian League.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [24, 36], "content_span": [37, 139]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076761-0000-0000", "contents": "1958\u201359 St. Francis Terriers men's basketball team\nThe 1958\u20131959 St. Francis Terriers men's basketball team represented St. Francis College during the 1958\u201359 NCAA University Division men's basketball season. The team was coached by Daniel Lynch, who was in his eleventh year at the helm of the St. Francis Terriers. The team was a member of the Metropolitan New York Conference and played their home games at the II Corps Artillery Armory in Park Slope, Brooklyn.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 50], "section_span": [50, 50], "content_span": [51, 464]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076761-0001-0000", "contents": "1958\u201359 St. Francis Terriers men's basketball team\nThe Terriers finished their season at 14\u20139 overall and 2\u20131 in conference play.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 50], "section_span": [50, 50], "content_span": [51, 129]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076762-0000-0000", "contents": "1958\u201359 St. John's Redmen basketball team\nThe 1958\u201359 St. John's Redmen basketball team represented St. John's University during the 1958\u201359 NCAA Division I college basketball season. The team was coached by Joseph Lapchick in his fourteenth year at the school and also was the first season Lou Carnesecca joined the basketball program as an assistant coach. The team was a member of the Metropolitan New York Conference. During this time the university was transitioning from Brooklyn to Queens, so the basketball team played their home games at Martin Van Buren High School in Queens, NY and Madison Square Garden in Manhattan while their new on campus arena, Alumni Hall, was being built.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 41], "section_span": [41, 41], "content_span": [42, 691]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076763-0000-0000", "contents": "1958\u201359 St. Louis Hawks season\nThe 1958\u201359 St. Louis Hawks season was the franchise's 13th season in the NBA. Despite winning the NBA Championship, Alex Hannum was replaced as coach of the Hawks in 1958\u201359. The new coach was Andy Phillip, and he lasted 10 games before being replaced by Ed Macauley. The Hawks made player changes. Clyde Lovellette was brought in from the Cincinnati Royals. The Hawks won the Western Division with a record of 49 wins and 23 losses. Bob Pettit won his 2nd NBA MVP award as he led the league in scoring with 29.2 points per game. In the Western Division Finals, the Hawks were defeated by the Minneapolis Lakers in 6 games.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [30, 30], "content_span": [31, 655]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076764-0000-0000", "contents": "1958\u201359 Stoke City F.C. season\nThe 1958\u201359 season was Stoke City's 52nd season in the Football League and the 19th in the Second Division.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [30, 30], "content_span": [31, 138]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076764-0001-0000", "contents": "1958\u201359 Stoke City F.C. season\nManager Frank Taylor again decided not to make any signings in the summer of 1958 and was to regret that decision as Stoke crashed to a 6\u20131 defeat on the opening day of the season. However Stoke's fortunes started to improve and two decent unbeaten runs before the new year lifted Stoke into the promotion race. But just six wins in 1959 saw Stoke finish in 5th position, eleven points behind second placed Fulham.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [30, 30], "content_span": [31, 445]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076764-0002-0000", "contents": "1958\u201359 Stoke City F.C. season, Season review, League\nThe rebuilding of the main stand at the Victoria Ground had been completed over the summer months and cost the club around \u00a370,000 and whilst it was fine a stand the supporters had hoped it would have cost less to avoid swallowing up the seasons transfer budget. As a result, there were no major signings whatsoever for the 1958\u201359 season, and for the opening day match away at Fulham Stoke were without both Bobby Howitt and Tony Allen. They were badly missed as Stoke were hammered 6\u20131 by an impressive Fulham side led by Johnny Haynes.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 53], "content_span": [54, 592]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076764-0002-0001", "contents": "1958\u201359 Stoke City F.C. season, Season review, League\nAfter a poor start to their league campaign Stoke went on a nine match unbeaten run and didn't lose a match in December to lift Stoke to third in the table. However following the turn of the year Stoke's form dropped and Sheffield Wednesday and Fulham pulled to far ahead as Stoke ended the season in 5th place.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 53], "content_span": [54, 365]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076764-0003-0000", "contents": "1958\u201359 Stoke City F.C. season, Season review, League\nIt had been a fairly uninspiring yet somewhat of a transitional season with Neville Coleman moving on to Crewe Alexandra for a modest fee after scoring 52 goals in 126 games for the club while three club legends Frank Bowyer, John McCue and Harry Oscroft where entering the veteran stage of their careers. Before the season was out Oscroft was involved in a three-man swap, as he and Peter Ford move to Vale Park in exchange for John Cunliffe a left-winger who had a good career at Vale but failed to make an impression with Stoke. John Sellars who missed the season due to an eye injury decided to retire and Stoke decided to end their season with a trip to Morocco.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 53], "content_span": [54, 721]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076764-0004-0000", "contents": "1958\u201359 Stoke City F.C. season, Season review, FA Cup\nIn the third round Dennis Wilshaw bagged a hat trick as Oldham Athletic were well beaten 5\u20131 before Ipswich Town came and frustrated Stoke and in the fourth round before nicking a 1\u20130 win.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 53], "content_span": [54, 242]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076765-0000-0000", "contents": "1958\u201359 Sussex County Football League\nThe 1958\u201359 Sussex County Football League season was the 34th in the history of the competition.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [37, 37], "content_span": [38, 134]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076765-0001-0000", "contents": "1958\u201359 Sussex County Football League\nDivision 1 remained at sixteen teams and Lancing was promoted from Division 2. Division 2 was increased to sixteen teams with Burgess Hill joining. from which the winner would be promoted into Division 1.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [37, 37], "content_span": [38, 242]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076765-0002-0000", "contents": "1958\u201359 Sussex County Football League, Division One\nThe division featured 16 clubs, 15 which competed in the last season, along with one new club:", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [39, 51], "content_span": [52, 146]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076765-0003-0000", "contents": "1958\u201359 Sussex County Football League, Division Two\nThe division featured 16 clubs, 14 which competed in the last season, along with two new clubs:", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [39, 51], "content_span": [52, 147]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076766-0000-0000", "contents": "1958\u201359 Swedish Division I season\nThe 1958\u201359 Swedish Division I season was the 15th season of Swedish Division I. Djurgardens IF won the league title by finishing first in the final round.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [33, 33], "content_span": [34, 189]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076767-0000-0000", "contents": "1958\u201359 Syracuse Nationals season\nThe 1958\u201359 NBA season was the Nationals' 10th season in the NBA.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [33, 33], "content_span": [34, 99]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076768-0000-0000", "contents": "1958\u201359 Tanganyikan general election\nGeneral elections were held in Tanganyika in September 1958 and February 1959. Elections were held in five constituencies on 8 and 12 September 1958, and in the other five on 9 and 15 February 1959. The Tanganyika African National Union (TANU) and affilianted independents won all 30 elected seats in the Legislative Council.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [36, 36], "content_span": [37, 362]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076768-0001-0000", "contents": "1958\u201359 Tanganyikan general election, Campaign\nFifteen of the 30 elected seats were uncontested, all of which were won by the TANU. In each constituency, voters voted for an African, Asian and European candidate. A further 34 members were appointed.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 46], "content_span": [47, 249]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076768-0002-0000", "contents": "1958\u201359 Tanganyikan general election, Aftermath\nIn December 1959, the United Kingdom agreed to the establishment of internal self-government, after fresh elections the following year.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 47], "content_span": [48, 183]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076769-0000-0000", "contents": "1958\u201359 Tennessee A&I State Tigers basketball team\nThe 1958\u201359 Tennessee A&I State Tigers basketball team represented Tennessee A&I State College (now called Tennessee State University) in National Association of Intercollegiate Athletics (NAIA) men's basketball during the 1958\u201359 season. Coached by fifth-year head coach John McLendon, the Tigers finished the season with a school-record 32 wins and were crowned NAIA national champions by winning the 1959 NAIA Tournament. This marked the third of three consecutive national championships, a feat that no other team at any level of college basketball had previously accomplished. In 2019, all three national championship teams were inducted into the Naismith Memorial Basketball Hall of Fame.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 50], "section_span": [50, 50], "content_span": [51, 745]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076770-0000-0000", "contents": "1958\u201359 Tercera Divisi\u00f3n\nThe 1958\u201359 Tercera Divisi\u00f3n season was the 23rd since its establishment.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [24, 24], "content_span": [25, 98]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076771-0000-0000", "contents": "1958\u201359 Toronto Maple Leafs season\nThe 1958\u201359 Toronto Maple Leafs season was Toronto's 42nd season in the National Hockey League (NHL). The Maple Leafs made it to the Stanley Cup Final, but lost to the Montreal Canadiens.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [34, 34], "content_span": [35, 222]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076772-0000-0000", "contents": "1958\u201359 Tweede Divisie\nThe Dutch Tweede Divisie in the 1958\u201359 season was contested by 29 teams, fifteen of which playing in group A, fourteen in group B. Teams occupying the lowest two places from each group at the end of the season, would have to play in a relegation play-off (however, two teams chose to relegate to amateur football immediately). That play-off would not be played this season, but in the next. The worst placed teams from that year would also enter. In the play-off (played after the 1959\u201360 season), teams would play against relegation to amateur football. The changes were part of an attempt by the KNVB to eventually make the Tweede Divisie one league instead of two.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [22, 22], "content_span": [23, 691]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076773-0000-0000", "contents": "1958\u201359 UCLA Bruins men's basketball team\nThe 1958\u201359 UCLA Bruins men's basketball team represented the University of California, Los Angeles during the 1958\u201359 NCAA men's basketball season and were members of the Pacific Coast Conference. The Bruins were led by eleventh year head coach John Wooden. They finished the regular season with a record of 16\u20139 and finished third in the PCC with a record of 10\u20136.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 41], "section_span": [41, 41], "content_span": [42, 408]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076773-0001-0000", "contents": "1958\u201359 UCLA Bruins men's basketball team, Previous season\nThe Bruins finished the regular season with a record of 16\u201310 and finished third in the PCC with a record of 10\u20136.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 41], "section_span": [43, 58], "content_span": [59, 173]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076774-0000-0000", "contents": "1958\u201359 United States network television schedule\nThe following is the 1958\u201359 network television schedule for the four major English language commercial broadcast networks in the United States. The schedule covers primetime hours from September 1958 through March 1959. The schedule is followed by a list per network of returning series, new series, and series cancelled after the 1957\u201358 season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 49], "section_span": [49, 49], "content_span": [50, 397]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076774-0001-0000", "contents": "1958\u201359 United States network television schedule\nAccording to television historians Castleman and Podrazik (1982), the networks' schedules were thrown \"into complete chaos\" by the quiz show scandals that erupted during fall 1958. At first only one series, Dotto, was implicated in the game-fixing charges. Ed Hilgemeier, a contestant on the program, filed a complaint with the show's sponsor, Colgate-Palmolive. Colgate withdrew its sponsorship of the Tuesday evening (on NBC) and daytime (on CBS) versions of Dotto, and the show did not appear on either network's fall 1958 schedule.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 49], "section_span": [49, 49], "content_span": [50, 585]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076774-0002-0000", "contents": "1958\u201359 United States network television schedule\nThe $64,000 Challenge (on CBS) similarly did not appear that fall, and by November, The $64,000 Question (CBS) and Twenty-One (NBC) were also removed from the network schedules, amidst accusations of game rigging. NBC's primetime Tic-Tac-Dough lasted through December. According to Castleman and Podrazik, \"NBC and CBS were adamant in their own statements of innocence\" since they only aired, and did not produce, the rigged series. They also claimed the cancellations were due to low ratings, not because of game-fixing accusations. ABC had few game shows on its 1958\u201359 schedule, and \"eagerly pointed out\" its innocence in the quiz show mess. The network affirmed its commitment to Westerns, which could not be rigged.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 49], "section_span": [49, 49], "content_span": [50, 770]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076774-0003-0000", "contents": "1958\u201359 United States network television schedule\nWestern TV series continued to be very popular with audiences, and for the first time, the three highest-rated programs on television, CBS's Gunsmoke, NBC's Wagon Train, and CBS's Have Gun \u2013 Will Travel, were all Westerns. ABC's new series, The Rifleman even hit #4, quite a feat for a network which had had no series in the top 30 five years earlier.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 49], "section_span": [49, 49], "content_span": [50, 401]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076774-0004-0000", "contents": "1958\u201359 United States network television schedule\nAlthough ABC, CBS, and NBC remained the largest television networks in the United States, they were not the only companies operating television networks during this era. In May 1958, Ely Landau, president of the NTA Film Network, announced an NTA Film Network schedule for the 1958\u201359 season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 49], "section_span": [49, 49], "content_span": [50, 342]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076774-0004-0001", "contents": "1958\u201359 United States network television schedule\nThe schedule consisted of three and a half hours of programs on Friday nights: Man Without a Gun at 7:30, followed by This is Alice at 8:00, then How to Marry a Millionaire at 8:30, and Premiere Performance, a package of films from the network's minority shareholder 20th Century Fox, from 9:00 to 11:00. Although the NTA Film Network had over 100 affiliate stations, only 17 agreed to air the Friday night schedule \"in pattern\" (during the scheduled time).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 49], "section_span": [49, 49], "content_span": [50, 507]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076774-0004-0002", "contents": "1958\u201359 United States network television schedule\nOther NTA Network affiliates carried the network's programs whenever they had available slots, and outside of Gun, Alice, Millionaire and Performance, NTA's programs were aired whenever the local stations preferred. National Educational Television (NET), the predecessor to PBS founded in 1952, also allowed its affiliate stations to air programs out of pattern.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 49], "section_span": [49, 49], "content_span": [50, 412]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076774-0005-0000", "contents": "1958\u201359 United States network television schedule\nAll times are U.S. Eastern and Pacific time (except for some live sports or events). Subtract one hour for Central and Mountain times.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 49], "section_span": [49, 49], "content_span": [50, 184]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076774-0006-0000", "contents": "1958\u201359 United States network television schedule\nEach of the 30 highest-rated shows is listed with its rank and rating as determined by Nielsen Media Research.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 49], "section_span": [49, 49], "content_span": [50, 160]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076774-0007-0000", "contents": "1958\u201359 United States network television schedule, Sunday\nNOTES: The Canadian-produced anthology series Encounter aired only five episodes on ABC before cancellation.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 49], "section_span": [51, 57], "content_span": [58, 166]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076774-0008-0000", "contents": "1958\u201359 United States network television schedule, Sunday\nDeadline for Action on ABC consisted of reruns of episodes that starred Dane Clark of the 1956\u20131957 series Wire Service.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 49], "section_span": [51, 57], "content_span": [58, 178]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076774-0009-0000", "contents": "1958\u201359 United States network television schedule, Sunday\nFrom February to September 1959, Richard Diamond, Private Detective, starring David Janssen, aired for a third and final season on CBS, on the Sunday schedule at 10 p.m. Eastern. It switched to NBC and returned to the air for a fourth season during the 1959\u201360 television season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 49], "section_span": [51, 57], "content_span": [58, 337]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076774-0010-0000", "contents": "1958\u201359 United States network television schedule, Monday\nNote: The Westinghouse Lucille Ball-Desi Arnaz Show was later rebroadcast and syndicated as The Lucy-Desi Comedy Hour. In most areas, Douglas Edwards with the News and The Huntley-Brinkley Report aired at 6:45\u00a0p.m.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 49], "section_span": [51, 57], "content_span": [58, 272]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076774-0011-0000", "contents": "1958\u201359 United States network television schedule, Tuesday\nConfession, with host Jack Wyatt, which had begun as a local program in the Dallas, Texas, market in early 1957, premiered as a summer replacement on ABC on June 19, 1958, in advance of the 1958\u201359 television season. It ended on January 13, 1959, and was succeeded on January 20, 1959, by the paranormal anthology series Alcoa Presents: One Step Beyond.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 49], "section_span": [51, 58], "content_span": [59, 412]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076774-0012-0000", "contents": "1958\u201359 United States network television schedule, Wednesday\nNotes: On CBS, Armstrong Circle Theatre alternated with The United States Steel Hour. Armstrong by Request, which also alternated with The United States Steel Hour and aired in place of Armstrong Circle Theatre from July 8 to September 16, 1959, consisted of reruns of six documentary dramas which originally had aired on Armstrong Circle Theatre during the 1958\u20131959 season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 49], "section_span": [51, 60], "content_span": [61, 436]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076774-0013-0000", "contents": "1958\u201359 United States network television schedule, Wednesday\nOn NBC, Milton Berle starring in the Kraft Music Hall formerly was known as The Milton Berle Show.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 49], "section_span": [51, 60], "content_span": [61, 159]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076774-0014-0000", "contents": "1958\u201359 United States network television schedule, Friday\nNote: On January 9, Phillies Jackpot Bowling premiered in the 10:45-11 p.m. spot on NBC, while on March 13 Tombstone Territory replaced Man with a Camera on the ABC schedule.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 49], "section_span": [51, 57], "content_span": [58, 232]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076774-0015-0000", "contents": "1958\u201359 United States network television schedule, Saturday\nNote: On NBC, Brains & Brawn was replaced on January 3, 1959, by The D.A. 's Man. On CBS, Markham premiered Saturday, May 2, 1959, at 10:30 pm.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 49], "section_span": [51, 59], "content_span": [60, 203]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076774-0016-0000", "contents": "1958\u201359 United States network television schedule, By network, NTA\nNote: The * indicates that the program was introduced in midseason.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 49], "section_span": [51, 66], "content_span": [67, 134]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076775-0000-0000", "contents": "1958\u201359 United States network television schedule (daytime)\nThese are the daytime Monday\u2013Friday schedules on all three networks for each calendar season beginning September 1958. All times are Eastern and Pacific. The 1958-1959 season, beginning October 13 for ABC, was its first \"full scale daytime programming\" schedule.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 59], "section_span": [59, 59], "content_span": [60, 322]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076775-0001-0000", "contents": "1958\u201359 United States network television schedule (daytime)\nTalk shows are highlighted in yellow, local programming is white, reruns of prime-time programming are orange, game shows are pink, soap operas are chartreuse, news programs are gold and all others are light blue. New series are highlighted in bold.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 59], "section_span": [59, 59], "content_span": [60, 309]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076776-0000-0000", "contents": "1958\u201359 United States network television schedule (late night)\nThese are the late night Monday-Friday schedules on all three networks for each calendar season beginning September 1958. All times are Eastern and Pacific.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 62], "section_span": [62, 62], "content_span": [63, 219]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076776-0001-0000", "contents": "1958\u201359 United States network television schedule (late night)\nTalk shows are highlighted in yellow, local programming is white.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 62], "section_span": [62, 62], "content_span": [63, 128]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076777-0000-0000", "contents": "1958\u201359 WHL season\nThe 1958\u201359 WHL season was the seventh season of the Western Hockey League. The Seattle Totems were the President's Cup champions as they beat the Calgary Stampeders in four games in the final series.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 18], "section_span": [18, 18], "content_span": [19, 219]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076777-0001-0000", "contents": "1958\u201359 WHL season\nThe Spokane Spokes joined as an expansion club. Initially named the \"Flyers\" they were forced to modify their name after complaints from the Edmonton Flyers, who cited seniority. The Seattle franchise also changed names, going from the \"Americans\" to the \"Totems\". The teams played an unbalanced schedule: the Cost Division teams played 70 games each, while the Prairie Division teams had 64 each.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 18], "section_span": [18, 18], "content_span": [19, 416]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076777-0002-0000", "contents": "1958\u201359 WHL season\nGuyle Fielder set a league record with 95 assists, winning the scoring title with 119 points. He was named the Coast Division's most valuable player, while Ed Dorohoy of the Calgary Stampeders, who scored 109 points, was named so for the Prairie Division.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 18], "section_span": [18, 18], "content_span": [19, 274]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076777-0003-0000", "contents": "1958\u201359 WHL season, Playoffs\nThe Seattle Totems defeated the Calgary Stampeders 4 games to 0 to win the President's Cup.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 18], "section_span": [20, 28], "content_span": [29, 120]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076777-0004-0000", "contents": "1958\u201359 WHL season, Bibliography\nThis ice hockey competition article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by .", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 18], "section_span": [20, 32], "content_span": [33, 107]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076778-0000-0000", "contents": "1958\u201359 WIHL season\n1958\u201359 was the 13th season of the Western International Hockey League.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [19, 19], "content_span": [20, 91]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076778-0001-0000", "contents": "1958\u201359 WIHL season, Playoffs, Final (Best of 5)\nThe Nelson Maple Leafs beat Rossland Warriors 3 wins to none. The Nelson Maple Leafs advanced to the 1958-59 British Columbia Senior Playoffs.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [21, 48], "content_span": [49, 191]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076779-0000-0000", "contents": "1958\u201359 Washington Huskies men's basketball team\nThe 1958\u201359 Washington Huskies men's basketball team represented the University of Washington for the 1958\u201359 NCAA college basketball season. Led by ninth-year head coach Tippy Dye, the Huskies were members of the Pacific Coast Conference and played their home games on campus at Hec Edmundson Pavilion in Seattle, Washington.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 48], "section_span": [48, 48], "content_span": [49, 375]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076779-0001-0000", "contents": "1958\u201359 Washington Huskies men's basketball team\nThe Huskies were 18\u20138 overall in the regular season and 11\u20135 in conference play, second in the standings.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 48], "section_span": [48, 48], "content_span": [49, 154]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076779-0002-0000", "contents": "1958\u201359 Washington Huskies men's basketball team\nDye departed after the season in June to become athletic director at Wichita State, succeeded a month later by John Grayson, the head coach at Idaho State.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 48], "section_span": [48, 48], "content_span": [49, 204]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076780-0000-0000", "contents": "1958\u201359 Washington State Cougars men's basketball team\nThe 1958\u201359 Washington State Cougars men's basketball team represented Washington State College for the 1958\u201359 college basketball season. Led by first-year head coach Marv Harshman, the Cougars were members of the Pacific Coast Conference and played their home games on campus at Bohler Gymnasium in Pullman, Washington.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 54], "section_span": [54, 54], "content_span": [55, 376]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076780-0001-0000", "contents": "1958\u201359 Washington State Cougars men's basketball team\nThe Cougars were 10\u201316 overall in the regular season and 3\u201313 in conference play, tied for last in the standings.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 54], "section_span": [54, 54], "content_span": [55, 168]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076780-0002-0000", "contents": "1958\u201359 Washington State Cougars men's basketball team\nHarshman was formerly the head coach at his alma mater, Pacific Lutheran, for thirteen seasons, and he led the Cougars for thirteen years.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 54], "section_span": [54, 54], "content_span": [55, 193]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076780-0003-0000", "contents": "1958\u201359 Washington State Cougars men's basketball team\nThe PCC disbanded in the spring and Washington State was an independent for three years, then joined the AAWU, today's Pac-12 Conference.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 54], "section_span": [54, 54], "content_span": [55, 192]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076781-0000-0000", "contents": "1958\u201359 Welsh Cup\nThe 1958\u201359 FAW Welsh Cup is the 72nd season of the annual knockout tournament for competitive football teams in Wales.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [17, 17], "content_span": [18, 137]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076781-0001-0000", "contents": "1958\u201359 Welsh Cup, Fifth round\nTen winners from the Fourth round and six new clubs.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 30], "content_span": [31, 83]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076781-0002-0000", "contents": "1958\u201359 Welsh Cup, Semifinal\nBangor City and Lovell's Athletic played at Wrexham, replay at Newtown; Cardiff City and Wrexham played at Shrewsbury.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 28], "content_span": [29, 147]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076782-0000-0000", "contents": "1958\u201359 West Ham United F.C. season\nAfter winning the Second Division title the previous season, West Ham equalled their highest ever league finish of the 1926\u20131927 season, coming a very respectable 6th. This was in spite of the fact that the only signing they made was of the Leyton Orient Inside Forward Phil Woosnam in November 1958.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [35, 35], "content_span": [36, 336]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076782-0001-0000", "contents": "1958\u201359 West Ham United F.C. season, Season summary\nWest Ham beat the champions of that season (and the previous one) Wolves 2-0 in their first home match back in the top flight.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 51], "content_span": [52, 178]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076782-0002-0000", "contents": "1958\u201359 West Ham United F.C. season, Season summary\nThe team featured Andy Malcolm who was West Ham's first ever England Youth International. This indicated the progress Manager Ted Fenton had made in establishing West Ham's successful Academy.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 51], "content_span": [52, 244]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076783-0000-0000", "contents": "1958\u201359 West Virginia Mountaineers men's basketball team\nThe 1958\u201359 West Virginia Mountaineers men's basketball team represented West Virginia University in NCAA competition in the 1958\u201359 season. Coached by Fred Schaus and led by Hall of Fame guard Jerry West, the Mountaineers, then a member of the Southern Conference, lost in the final of that year's NCAA tournament to California.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 56], "section_span": [56, 56], "content_span": [57, 386]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076783-0001-0000", "contents": "1958\u201359 West Virginia Mountaineers men's basketball team, Season Summary\nWest Virginia wasn\u2019t a one-man team, far from it, but guard Jerry West was the star of the show, as he proved after leading the mountaineers to the final four. He scored 38 points and grabbed 15 rebounds in a semifinal win over Louisville, then scored 28 points and snared 11 boards against California in the title game. That effort wasn\u2019t enough to prevent the Bears from winning, by a single point, 71-70.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 56], "section_span": [58, 72], "content_span": [73, 480]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076784-0000-0000", "contents": "1958\u201359 Western Football League\nThe 1958\u201359 season was the 57th in the history of the Western Football League.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [31, 31], "content_span": [32, 110]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076784-0001-0000", "contents": "1958\u201359 Western Football League\nThe champions for the first time in their history were Yeovil Town Reserves, and the winners of Division Two were Bath City Reserves.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [31, 31], "content_span": [32, 165]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076784-0002-0000", "contents": "1958\u201359 Western Football League, Final tables, Division One\nDivision One remained at nineteen clubs after Chippenham United were relegated the previous season, Trowbridge Town joined the Southern League, and two clubs joined:", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 59], "content_span": [60, 225]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076784-0003-0000", "contents": "1958\u201359 Western Football League, Final tables, Division Two\nDivision Two was reduced from eighteen clubs to seventeen after Gloucester City Reserves and Poole Town Reserves were promoted to Division One, Clevedon left, and two new clubs joined:", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 59], "content_span": [60, 244]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076785-0000-0000", "contents": "1958\u201359 William & Mary Indians men's basketball team\nThe 1958\u201359 William & Mary Indians men's basketball team represented the College of William & Mary in intercollegiate basketball during the 1958\u201359 NCAA University Division men's basketball season. Under the second year of head coach Bill Chambers, the team finished the season 13\u201311 and 7\u20137 in the Southern Conference. William & Mary played its home games at Blow Gymnasium. This was the 54th season of the collegiate basketball program at William & Mary, whose nickname is now the Tribe.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 52], "section_span": [52, 52], "content_span": [53, 542]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076785-0001-0000", "contents": "1958\u201359 William & Mary Indians men's basketball team\nThe Indians finished in 4th place in the conference and qualified for the 1959 Southern Conference Men's Basketball Tournament, held at the Richmond Arena. William & Mary defeated Richmond in the quarterfinals before losing in the semifinals to top-seeded West Virginia.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 52], "section_span": [52, 52], "content_span": [53, 323]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076786-0000-0000", "contents": "1958\u201359 Wisconsin Badgers men's basketball team\nThe 1958\u20131959 Wisconsin Badgers men's basketball team represented University of Wisconsin\u2013Madison. The head coach was Harold E. Foster, coaching his twentyfifth season with the Badgers. The team played their home games at the UW Fieldhouse in Madison, Wisconsin and was a member of the Big Ten Conference.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 47], "section_span": [47, 47], "content_span": [48, 353]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076787-0000-0000", "contents": "1958\u201359 Wolverhampton Wanderers F.C. season\nThe 1958\u201359 season was the 60th season of competitive league football in the history of English football club Wolverhampton Wanderers. They played in the First Division, then the highest level of English football, for a 22nd consecutive year.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 43], "section_span": [43, 43], "content_span": [44, 286]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076787-0001-0000", "contents": "1958\u201359 Wolverhampton Wanderers F.C. season\nThe season was a major success as the club won the League championship for a third and final time, successfully defending their title they already held. For a second consecutive season they scored over 100 league goals. They also participated in European competition for the first time in their history.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 43], "section_span": [43, 43], "content_span": [44, 347]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076787-0002-0000", "contents": "1958\u201359 Wolverhampton Wanderers F.C. season\nWolves achieved the double over local rivals Aston Villa, part of a run of seven between 1957 and 1960.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 43], "section_span": [43, 43], "content_span": [44, 147]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076787-0003-0000", "contents": "1958\u201359 Wolverhampton Wanderers F.C. season, Results, Football League\nA total of 22 teams competed in the First Division in the 1958\u201359 season. Each team would play every other team twice, once at their stadium, and once at the opposition's. Two points were awarded to teams for each win, one point per draw, and none for defeats.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 43], "section_span": [45, 69], "content_span": [70, 330]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076787-0004-0000", "contents": "1958\u201359 Wolverhampton Wanderers F.C. season, Results, FA Cup\nAs a First Division team, Wolves entered the competition at the third round stage. The draw for this round was made on 8 December 1958.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 43], "section_span": [45, 60], "content_span": [61, 196]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076787-0005-0000", "contents": "1958\u201359 Wolverhampton Wanderers F.C. season, Results, European Cup\nIn Wolves' first-ever competitive European tie they were drawn against West German champions Schalke 04 in the second round of the European Cup, having received a bye in the first round. Their appearance in the competition made them only the third English side at that time to ever play in a European competition.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 43], "section_span": [45, 66], "content_span": [67, 380]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076788-0000-0000", "contents": "1958\u201359 Yugoslav Cup\nThe 1958\u201359 Yugoslav Cup was the 12th season of the top football knockout competition in SFR Yugoslavia, the Yugoslav Cup (Serbo-Croatian: Kup Jugoslavije), also known as the \"Marshal Tito Cup\" (Kup Mar\u0161ala Tita), since its establishment in 1946.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [20, 20], "content_span": [21, 267]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076788-0001-0000", "contents": "1958\u201359 Yugoslav Cup, First round\nIn the following tables winning teams are marked in bold; teams from outside top level are marked in italic script.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [22, 33], "content_span": [34, 149]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076789-0000-0000", "contents": "1958\u201359 Yugoslav First League\nThe 1958\u201359 Yugoslav First League season was the 13th season of the First Federal League (Serbo-Croatian: Prva savezna liga), the top level association football league of SFR Yugoslavia, since its establishment in 1946. Twelve teams contested the competition, with Red Star winning their fifth title.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [29, 29], "content_span": [30, 330]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076789-0001-0000", "contents": "1958\u201359 Yugoslav First League, Teams\nDue to the reduction of the league from 14 to 12 clubs, at the end of the previous season four clubs were relegated (RNK Split, Spartak Subotica, OFK Belgrade and NK Zagreb) and were replaced by two teams - NK Rijeka and FK Sarajevo.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 36], "content_span": [37, 270]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076790-0000-0000", "contents": "1958\u201359 Yugoslav Ice Hockey League season\nThe 1958\u201359 Yugoslav Ice Hockey League season was the 17th season of the Yugoslav Ice Hockey League, the top level of ice hockey in Yugoslavia. Six teams participated in the league, and Jesenice have won the championship.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 41], "section_span": [41, 41], "content_span": [42, 263]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076791-0000-0000", "contents": "1958\u201359 ice hockey Bundesliga season\nThe 1958\u201359 Ice hockey Bundesliga season was the first season of the Ice hockey Bundesliga, the top level of ice hockey in Germany. Eight teams participated in the league, and EV Fussen won the championship.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [36, 36], "content_span": [37, 244]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076792-0000-0000", "contents": "1958\u201359 in Belgian football\nThe 1958\u201359 season was the 56th season of competitive football in Belgium. RSC Anderlechtois won their 8th Division I title. Standard Li\u00e8ge entered the 1958\u201359 European Champion Clubs' Cup as Belgian title holder and became the first Belgian club to win a match in European competitions. They eventually reached the quarter finals. RU Saint-Gilloise entered the 1958\u201360 Inter-Cities Fairs Cup and reached the semifinals. The Belgium national football team played 7 friendly games (3 draws, 4 losses).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [27, 27], "content_span": [28, 528]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076792-0001-0000", "contents": "1958\u201359 in Belgian football, Overview\nAt the end of the season, RRC Tournaisien and R Tilleur FC were relegated to Division II and were replaced by R Daring Club de Bruxelles and RFC Brugeois from Division II. The bottom 2 clubs in Division II (RFC Renaisien and K Boom FC) were relegated to Division III, to be replaced by RRC de Bruxelles and K Olse Merksem) from Division III. The bottom 2 clubs of each Division III league (K. Tongeren SC, RCS La Forestoise, RC Lokeren and SCUP Jette) were relegated to Promotion, to be replaced by R Crossing FC Ganshoren, US Centre, U Basse-Sambre-Auvelais and K Hasseltse VV from Promotion.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 37], "content_span": [38, 631]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076792-0002-0000", "contents": "1958\u201359 in Belgian football, European competitions\nStandard Li\u00e8ge became the first Belgian club to win a match in European competition when they beat Hearts of Scotland on September 3, 1958 (5-1), in the first round of the 1958\u201359 European Champion Clubs' Cup. In spite of their loss in the second leg (2-1), Standard advanced to the second round, where they defeated Sporting of Portugal (wins 2-3 away and 3-0 at home). In the quarter finals, Standard was eliminated by Stade Reims of France (win 2-0 at home and defeat 3-0 away).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 50], "content_span": [51, 532]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076792-0003-0000", "contents": "1958\u201359 in Belgian football, European competitions\nRU Saint-Gilloise entered the 1958\u201360 Inter-Cities Fairs Cup. They defeated a team from Leipzig of Germany in the first round (win 6-1 at home and defeat 1-0 away). In the quarter finals, RU Saint-Gilloise eliminated AS Roma of Italy with a 2-0 home win followed by a 1-1 draw in Roma. The semifinals were played during the 1959\u201360 season. The Belgian lost to Birmingham City (two losses by 2-4).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 50], "content_span": [51, 447]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076793-0000-0000", "contents": "1958\u201359 in English football\nThe 1958\u201359 season was the 79th season of competitive football in England.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [27, 27], "content_span": [28, 102]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076793-0001-0000", "contents": "1958\u201359 in English football, Diary of the season\nAugust 1958: The Football League season begins with the new national Third and Fourth divisions that have been created from the old Third Division North and Third Division South.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 48], "content_span": [49, 227]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076793-0002-0000", "contents": "1958\u201359 in English football, Diary of the season\n30 August 1958: The Football Association snub Manchester United's wish to participate in the 1958\u201359 European Cup.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 48], "content_span": [49, 163]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076793-0003-0000", "contents": "1958\u201359 in English football, Diary of the season\nSeptember 1958: Manchester United pay a national record fee of \u00a345,000 for Sheffield Wednesday inside-forward Albert Quixall.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 48], "content_span": [49, 174]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076793-0004-0000", "contents": "1958\u201359 in English football, Diary of the season\n12 November 1958: Wolverhampton Wanderers play their first European Cup game, drawing 2\u20132 at home to Schalke 04 in the first round first leg.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 48], "content_span": [49, 190]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076793-0005-0000", "contents": "1958\u201359 in English football, Diary of the season\n18 November 1958: Wolverhampton Wanderers lose 2\u20131 to Schalke 04 in the European Cup first round second leg in West Germany, ending their hopes of being the first team other than Real Madrid (winners of the first three competitions) to win the European Cup.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 48], "content_span": [49, 306]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076793-0006-0000", "contents": "1958\u201359 in English football, Diary of the season\n15 January 1959: Second Division Liverpool suffer a shock FA Cup third round exit when they lose 2-1 to non league Worcester City.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 48], "content_span": [49, 179]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076793-0007-0000", "contents": "1958\u201359 in English football, Diary of the season\n4 April 1959: Jeff Hall, 29, right-back for Birmingham City and England, dies from polio, prompting widespread takeup of the polio vaccine.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 48], "content_span": [49, 188]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076793-0008-0000", "contents": "1958\u201359 in English football, Diary of the season\n2 May 1959: Nottingham Forest defeat Luton Town 2\u20131 in the 1959 FA Cup Final.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 48], "content_span": [49, 126]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076793-0009-0000", "contents": "1958\u201359 in English football, Notable debutants\n8 September 1958: Bobby Moore, 17-year-old wing-half, makes his debut for West Ham United against Manchester United in the First Division.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 46], "content_span": [47, 185]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076793-0010-0000", "contents": "1958\u201359 in English football, Notable retirements\nMay 1959: Billy Wright, 35, Wolverhampton Wanderers and England captain, after more than 500 appearances for his club and a record 105 for his country.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 48], "content_span": [49, 200]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076793-0011-0000", "contents": "1958\u201359 in English football, Notable retirements\nJune 1959: Jackie Blanchflower, 26, Manchester United and Northern Ireland centre-half, who announced his retirement as a player after failing to recover sufficiently from injuries sustained in the Munich air disaster 16 months earlier.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 48], "content_span": [49, 285]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076793-0012-0000", "contents": "1958\u201359 in English football, Honours\nNotes = Number in parentheses is the times that club has won that honour. * indicates new record for competition", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 36], "content_span": [37, 149]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076793-0013-0000", "contents": "1958\u201359 in English football, Football League, First Division\nIn the last season of captain Billy Wright's playing career, Wolves retained their First Division title - the third time they had been league champions in six seasons. There was every reason to hope for continued success in the post-Wright era, though, with younger players like Bobby Mason and Mickey Lill excelling in the team. Manchester United enjoyed a good return in the season following the Munich tragedy, as new signings and younger players integrated with crash survivors to achieve runners-up spot in the league. Arsenal, Bolton Wanderers and West Bromwich Albion completed the top five, while newly promoted West Ham United recorded their highest league finish yet by finishing sixth.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 60], "content_span": [61, 757]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076793-0014-0000", "contents": "1958\u201359 in English football, Football League, Second Division\nSheffield Wednesday sealed an immediate return to the First Division as Second Division champions, being joined by runners-up Fulham.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 61], "content_span": [62, 195]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076793-0015-0000", "contents": "1958\u201359 in English football, Football League, Third Division\nPlymouth Argyle won the first championship of the new national Third Division, with Hull City finishing one point behind them in second place. Norwich City made the headlines with their run to the semi-finals of the FA Cup, but the cup run distracted them from the league as fourth place in the final table was not enough for promotion.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 60], "content_span": [61, 397]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076793-0016-0000", "contents": "1958\u201359 in English football, Football League, Fourth Division\nPort Vale were champions of the new Fourth Division, and were joined in promotion by Coventry City, York City and Shrewsbury Town.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 61], "content_span": [62, 192]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076793-0017-0000", "contents": "1958\u201359 in English football, National team\nAlthough the England national football team eventually shared victory in the 1959 British Home Championship with Northern Ireland, it was a tough year without so many of the squad's key players lost in the Munich air disaster the year before. The season concluded with a disastrous tour of the Americas, in which the team lost three successive games before restoring some pride in the final match against the USA. The final game against the USA was also the last match for veteran defender and captain Billy Wright after a then record 105 caps. The match was played in front of just 13,000 fans on a gravel pitch in Los Angeles.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 42], "content_span": [43, 671]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076794-0000-0000", "contents": "1958\u201359 in Israeli football\nThe 1958\u201359 season was the 11th season of competitive football in Israel and the 33rd season under the Israeli Football Association, established in 1928, during the British Mandate.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [27, 27], "content_span": [28, 209]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076794-0001-0000", "contents": "1958\u201359 in Israeli football, IFA Competitions, 1957\u201358 Israel State Cup\nThe 1957\u201358 Israel State Cup started during the previous season, but was carried over the summer break and finished with the final on 30 September 1958, in which Maccabi Tel Aviv defeated Hapoel Haifa 2\u20130.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 71], "content_span": [72, 277]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076794-0002-0000", "contents": "1958\u201359 in Israeli football, IFA Competitions, 1958\u201359 Israel State Cup\nOn 6 December 1958 the next season's competition began, and once again carried over to the next season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 71], "content_span": [72, 175]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076794-0003-0000", "contents": "1958\u201359 in Israeli football, IFA Competitions, Israeli 10th Anniversary Cup\nAs part of the 10th anniversary celebrations of Israel, a cup competition was arranged by the Israeli Football Association. The competition, which was divided to two cups, one for 1957\u201358 Liga Leumit clubs and one for 1957\u201358 Liga Alef clubs and was played as a straight knock-out tournament, was won by Hapoel Haifa and Hapoel Tiberias.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 75], "content_span": [76, 413]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076795-0000-0000", "contents": "1958\u201359 in Scottish football\nThe 1958\u201359 season was the 86th season of competitive football in Scotland and the 62nd season of the Scottish Football League.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [28, 28], "content_span": [29, 156]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076795-0001-0000", "contents": "1958\u201359 in Scottish football, Scottish League Division One\nThe last day of the season saw Rangers holding a two-point lead over Hearts, with the clubs having an identical goal average. Rangers lost 1\u20132 at home to Aberdeen, only for Hearts also to lose, 2\u20131 away to Celtic. Had Hearts won by any score they would have won the title.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 58], "content_span": [59, 331]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076795-0002-0000", "contents": "1958\u201359 in Scottish football, Other honours, County\n* \u2013 aggregate over two legs \u2013 replay \u2013 trophy shared", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 51], "content_span": [52, 104]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076796-0000-0000", "contents": "1958\u201359 in Turkish football\nThe 1958\u201359 season was the 54th season of competitive football in Turkey.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [27, 27], "content_span": [28, 101]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076796-0001-0000", "contents": "1958\u201359 in Turkish football, Overview\nThe Milli Lig was introduced in 1959. At the time, there were three cities who had professional leagues: Ankara, Istanbul, and Izmir. The first league was made up of sixteen clubs, with eight from Istanbul, and four each from Ankara and Izmir. To gain entry, qualification tournaments were held in 1958 to decide who would participate in the league. League play did not start until the second half of the season, causing the season to be played in group format and a shorter game schedule.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 37], "content_span": [38, 527]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076796-0002-0000", "contents": "1958\u201359 in Turkish football, Overview\nThe first final was held between Fenerbah\u00e7e S.K. and Galatasaray S.K. The match was a two legged knockout. Galatasaray won the first match 1-0, while Fenerbah\u00e7e won the second 4-0 and secured their first title by 4-1 aggregate.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 37], "content_span": [38, 265]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076796-0003-0000", "contents": "1958\u201359 in Turkish football, Overview\nThis year was also earmarked by the first competition of a Turkish club in the European Cup. Fenerbah\u00e7e won the first match of the preliminary round 4-3 on aggregate over Csepel SC. Their second preliminary match came against OGC Nice. Fenerbah\u00e7e had tied after two legs, but lost the playoff leg 1-5.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 37], "content_span": [38, 339]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076796-0004-0000", "contents": "1958\u201359 in Turkish football, Honours\nNotes = Number in parentheses is the times that club has won that honour.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 36], "content_span": [37, 110]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076796-0005-0000", "contents": "1958\u201359 in Turkish football, Final National league tables, Promotions\nFour clubs were promoted through a promotion tournament called the Federasyon Kupas\u0131. This brought the league club total up to 20 for the 1959\u201360 season. The four clubs were Kas\u0131mpa\u015fa S.K., \u015eeker Hilal, Alt\u0131nordu S.K., and Ferik\u00f6y G.K.. There were no relegations.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 69], "content_span": [70, 333]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076796-0006-0000", "contents": "1958\u201359 in Turkish football, National team\nThe Turkey national football team competed in six matches during the 1958-59 season. The team finished with a record of two wins, three draws, and one loss. Lefter K\u00fc\u00e7\u00fckandonyadis finished top scorer with two goals in six matches.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 42], "content_span": [43, 273]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076797-0000-0000", "contents": "1958\u201360 Inter-Cities Fairs Cup\nThe second Inter-Cities Fairs Cup took place between 1958 and 1960 and was won by Barcelona for the second consecutive time in a two-legged final against Birmingham City. Once again, a number of countries sent a representative team for one of their main cities, although London sent Chelsea instead. The Copenhagen XI was made up mostly of BK Frem players, and played in their colours.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [30, 30], "content_span": [31, 416]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076798-0000-0000", "contents": "1959\n1959 (MCMLIX) was a common year starting on Thursday of the Gregorian calendar, the 1959th year of the Common Era (CE) and Anno Domini (AD) designations, the 959th  year of the 2nd\u00a0millennium, the 59th  year of the 20th\u00a0century, and the  10th  and last year of the 1950s decade.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 4], "section_span": [4, 4], "content_span": [5, 283]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076799-0000-0000", "contents": "1959 (John Anderson song)\n\"1959\" is a song written by Gary Gentry, and recorded by American country music artist John Anderson. It was released in November 1980 as the fifth single from the album John Anderson. The song reached #7 on the Billboard Hot Country Singles & Tracks chart.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [25, 25], "content_span": [26, 283]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076799-0001-0000", "contents": "1959 (John Anderson song), Content\nThe singer reflects on the year 1959, particularly a relationship he had that year with a girl named Betty, to whom he is singing the song. The \"most important thing\" for them was making sure the singer's truck had gas so they could go to the drive-in movie. He was drafted into the military after graduation, and Betty married someone else while he was away. He cries whenever he reads the letters she wrote to him, promising she would never leave him. He has even kept the old truck he had that year (in which the couple \"went all the way\"), and looking at it takes him \"back to '59.\"", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [27, 34], "content_span": [35, 621]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076800-0000-0000", "contents": "1959 (Patti Smith song)\n\"1959\" is a rock song written by Patti Smith and Tony Shanahan, and released as a promo single from Patti Smith 1997 album Peace and Noise. At the 40th Annual Grammy Awards the song was nominated for Grammy Award for Best Female Rock Vocal Performance.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [23, 23], "content_span": [24, 276]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076801-0000-0000", "contents": "1959 (album)\n1959 is the fifth studio album by Australian country musician Lee Kernaghan and was Kernaghan's first top ten album. It was nominated for the \"Best Country Album\" at the ARIA Music Awards of 1996. It was certified platinum in 1996 and won \"Album of the Year\" at the 1996 Country Music Awards of Australia.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 12], "section_span": [12, 12], "content_span": [13, 318]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076802-0000-0000", "contents": "1959 1000km N\u00fcrburgring\nThe ADAC 1000 Kilometer Rennen took place on 7 June, on the N\u00fcrburgring Nordschleife, (West Germany). It was also the third round of the F.I.A. World Sports Car Championship.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [23, 23], "content_span": [24, 198]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076802-0001-0000", "contents": "1959 1000km N\u00fcrburgring, Report, Entry\nA massive total of 77 racing cars were registered for this event, of which 68 arrived for practice and started the long distance race on the 14.174 mile German circuit. David Brown who had won the event in 1957 and again in 1958 sent along just one Aston Martin DBR1 over from England for Stirling Moss/Jack Fairman. As for championship leaders, Porsche, this was their home event and they arrived with two different cars; 356A and 718 RSK for their squad of drivers led by Wolfgang von Trips and Jo Bonnier.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 38], "content_span": [39, 547]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076802-0002-0000", "contents": "1959 1000km N\u00fcrburgring, Report, Entry\nScuderia Ferrari would head the Italian challenge. Ferrari had three works 250 TR 59s in the Eifel mountains, Tony Brooks/Jean Behra, Phil Hill/Olivier Gendebien and Dan Gurney/Cliff Allison. They were joined by a fleet of privateer drivers in their Alfa Romeos, Porsche 356A Carreras Oscas and other mainline sportscars.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 38], "content_span": [39, 360]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076802-0003-0000", "contents": "1959 1000km N\u00fcrburgring, Report, Qualifying\nQualifying was held over three sessions for a total of 1,710 minutes over the three days prior to the race. The Ferrari 250 TR of Behra took pole position, averaging a speed of 88.33\u00a0mph around the 14.173 mile circuit.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 43], "content_span": [44, 262]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076802-0004-0000", "contents": "1959 1000km N\u00fcrburgring, Report, Race\nWith each lap over 14 miles in length, the race covered a total of 44 laps, or 1,000 miles, the Nordschleife was a fearsome thing to behold. A crowd of approximately 200,000 in attendance came to witness the race, despite a day of intermittent rain.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 37], "content_span": [38, 287]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076802-0005-0000", "contents": "1959 1000km N\u00fcrburgring, Report, Race\nAs for the race, victory went to the Aston Martin DBR1/300 of Moss and Fairman, gaining the marque their first points of the season, to win for the third time in a row. The victory was one of Moss\u2019s greatest drives, having to make up for time lost while Fairman drove. The winning partnership, won in a time of 7hr 33:18.0 mins, averaging a speed of 89.204\u00a0mph. The margin of triumph over the Ferrari of Hill/Gendebein was 41secs., who were followed home by their team-mates Brooks/Behra who were 3min 27s adrift of the Aston.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 37], "content_span": [38, 564]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076802-0005-0001", "contents": "1959 1000km N\u00fcrburgring, Report, Race\nThe first of the Porsches came home in fourth, with Umberto Maglioli/Hans Herrmann winning their class. Moss\u2019s pace was so quick that his fastest lap of the race, was faster than Behra\u2019s pole lap by over five seconds. The race continued for another hour to allow the other classes/division to try and complete the full 1000\u00a0km.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 37], "content_span": [38, 365]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076802-0006-0000", "contents": "1959 1000km N\u00fcrburgring, Standings after the race\nChampionship points were awarded for the first six places in each race in the order of 8-6-4-3-2-1. Manufacturers were only awarded points for their highest finishing car with no points awarded for positions filled by additional cars. Only the best 3 results out of the 5 races could be retained by each manufacturer. Points earned but not counted towards the championship totals are listed within brackets in the above table.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 49], "content_span": [50, 476]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076803-0000-0000", "contents": "1959 12 Hours of Sebring\nThe 1959 12-Hour Florida International Grand Prix of Endurance for the Amoco Trophy was a motor race for sportscars, staged on 21 March at the Sebring International Raceway, Florida, United States. It was the opening round of the 1959 World Sportscar Championship and was the eighth running of the 12 Hours of Sebring.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [24, 24], "content_span": [25, 343]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076803-0001-0000", "contents": "1959 12 Hours of Sebring\nThe race was won by Dan Gurney, Phil Hill, Chuck Daigh and Olivier Gendebien driving a Ferrari 250 TR 59 for Scuderia Ferrari.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [24, 24], "content_span": [25, 151]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076803-0002-0000", "contents": "1959 12 Hours of Sebring, Report, Entry\nA massive total of 81 racing cars were registered for this event, of which 74 arrived for practice. Only these, 65 qualified for, and started the race. Reigning champions, Ferrari had eight of their new 250 TRs in Florida, of which three were works machines (1959 model) for  their squad of drivers; Phil Hill, Dan Gurney, Chuck Daigh, Olivier Gendebien, Jean Behra and Cliff Allison. Their main opposition would come from a single works Aston Martin.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 39], "content_span": [40, 491]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076803-0003-0000", "contents": "1959 12 Hours of Sebring, Report, Entry\nDavid Brown sent just one Aston Martin DBR1/300 over from England for Carroll Shelby and Roy Salvadori. Also on the entry list were some quick looking Lister-Jaguar entered by Briggs Cunningham with himself, Walt Hansgen and Stirling Moss amongst their squad. The work outfit also brought a car for Moss and paired him with Ivor Bueb.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 39], "content_span": [40, 374]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076803-0004-0000", "contents": "1959 12 Hours of Sebring, Report, Qualifying\nBecause there were no qualifying sessions to set the grid, the starting positions were decided according to engine size with the 3.0 litre Aston Martin DBR1 of Shelby and Salvadori being given first place.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 44], "content_span": [45, 250]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076803-0005-0000", "contents": "1959 12 Hours of Sebring, Report, Race\nMost of the 40,000 spectators expected a battle for sole Aston Martin and the Ferrari. Although early on, there was a great scrap, the Aston retired after just 32 laps with gear lever problems. This meant it really was a Ferrari battle at the front of the field for almost all the race. The official result lists the winner as the no. 7 Ferrari of Gurney, Daigh, Hill and Gendebien, but that's not the whole story.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 38], "content_span": [39, 453]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076803-0006-0000", "contents": "1959 12 Hours of Sebring, Report, Race\nFor the opening four and half hours, the Ferrari of Hill and Gendebien led until suffering from a broken differential. That put the Gurney/Daigh car in front. Behra/Allison were in second, followed by Moss/Bueb. And then the heavy rain arrived and the race became intriguing. With cars sliding off all over the place, one of the most dramatic accidents come just after the six-hour mark when Robert Rollason\u2019s Stanguellini 750 Sport collided with a pole that supported a bridge. The car hit the pole while sideways throwing it up into the air before splitting in half, and ending up on its roof. It required a number of track marshals to flip it back onto its wheels, so that Rollason could escape uninjured.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 38], "content_span": [39, 747]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076803-0007-0000", "contents": "1959 12 Hours of Sebring, Report, Race\nThe conditions made it difficult for even the very best to keep their cars under control. The works Lister-Jaguar with Moss behind the wheel, despite struggling for most of the race, came alive and moved up through the field passing both the Ferraris. After five hours, Moss led Behra and by now the little Porsche of Wolfgang von Trips and Jo Bonnier had moved into third. At this time, Scuderia Ferrari decided to call on the experience of Hill and Gendebien and added them the Gurney/Daigh car. Although the fans were not happy, this was a team event and Ferrari wanted to win. Then Moss was disqualified for illegal refuelling.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 38], "content_span": [39, 670]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076803-0008-0000", "contents": "1959 12 Hours of Sebring, Report, Race\nWith the better drivers now driving the no.7, Hill passed Behra for the lead and the car held on to first place until the flag dropped. After 12 hours of racing, the Scuderia Ferrari of Gurney, Daigh, Hill and Gendebien won ahead of their team-mates Behra and Allison. Car number 7, took an impressive victory, completing 188 laps, covering 977.6 miles after 12 hours of racing, averaging a speed of 81.181mph. Second place went to the second Ferrari, albeit one lap adrift. The podium was complete by works Porsche of von Trips and Bonnier who were four laps behind the winners.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 38], "content_span": [39, 618]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076803-0009-0000", "contents": "1959 12 Hours of Sebring, Standings after the race\nChampionship points were awarded for the first six places in each race in the order of 8-6-4-3-2-1. Manufacturers were only awarded points for their highest finishing car with no points awarded for positions filled by additional cars. Only the best 3 results out of the 5 races could be retained by each manufacturer. Points earned but not counted towards the championship totals are listed within brackets in the above table.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 50], "content_span": [51, 477]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076804-0000-0000", "contents": "1959 24 Hours of Le Mans\nThe 1959 24 Hours of Le Mans was the 27th 24 Hours of Le Mans, Grand Prix of Endurance, and took place on 20 and 21 June 1959, on Circuit de la Sarthe. It was also the fourth round of the F.I.A. World Sports Car Championship. The prospect of an exciting duel between Ferrari, Aston Martin and giantkillers Porsche was enough to draw large crowds and some 150,000 spectators gathered for France's classic sports car race, around the 8.38-mile course.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [24, 24], "content_span": [25, 474]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076804-0001-0000", "contents": "1959 24 Hours of Le Mans\nAston Martin finally achieved the coveted outright win, doing it with a 1-2 finish. The marque had first entered the Le Mans race in 1928, running every race since 1931 and had finished second three times and third twice before this victory.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [24, 24], "content_span": [25, 266]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076804-0002-0000", "contents": "1959 24 Hours of Le Mans, Regulations\nSignificant changes occurred with the Automobile Club de l'Ouest (ACO) regulations this year. The FIA had issued its revamped and revised Appendix J rules for Grand Touring (GT) cars and the ACO followed other endurance races and opened its entry-list to the GT categories for the first time.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 37], "content_span": [38, 330]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076804-0003-0000", "contents": "1959 24 Hours of Le Mans, Regulations\nEach GT model had to have a minimum production run of 100 cars over 12 consecutive months. Those not meeting those requirements were put into the Sports Prototypes category. Both GT and SP ran to the same engine categories within their respective divisions.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 37], "content_span": [38, 295]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076804-0004-0000", "contents": "1959 24 Hours of Le Mans, Regulations\nThe ACO also introduced a new competition to measure optimal car performance. The Index of Thermal Efficiency (Indice au Rendement \u00c9nerg\u00e9tique) took into account a car's weight, speed and fuel consumption (using standard 95/100-octane supplied fuel). Surprisingly, it did not include engine size in the calculation. This ran alongside the regular Index of Performance handicap competition, whose target distances were increased. Fuel, oil and water replenishment remained limited at a minimum of 30 laps between refills. Only two men, and a third as refueller, were allowed to work on a car in the pits, meaning the driver had to get out and behind the pit wall to not count against that total.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 37], "content_span": [38, 732]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076804-0005-0000", "contents": "1959 24 Hours of Le Mans, Regulations\nRegarding the track and organisation, the ACO installed IBM calculators to help with the administration. As well as considerable re-surfacing, a number of signalling lights were installed. Finally, acknowledging the huge influx of British spectators to the race, the ACO invited the racing magazine The Motor to send a journalist to provide race-commentary in English once an hour. This year the prize-money was \u00a35000 for both the winners on distance and index of performance, and a total of over \u00a330000.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 37], "content_span": [38, 542]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076804-0006-0000", "contents": "1959 24 Hours of Le Mans, Entries\nThe increase in potential classes to 10 created a lot of interest with manufacturers and drivers and a total of 97 entries applied for the event. From this the ACO accepted 60 to practise, to qualify for the 54 starting places.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 33], "content_span": [34, 261]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076804-0007-0000", "contents": "1959 24 Hours of Le Mans, Entries\nThis year there were seven manufacturer works teams, led by Ferrari and Aston Martin as well as Porsche, Lotus, DB, OSCA and Triumph. They were joined by the sports-car specialist Lister, Cooper and Stanguellini teams. It meant that half of the cars in the race were \u2018works\u2019 entries.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 33], "content_span": [34, 317]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076804-0008-0000", "contents": "1959 24 Hours of Le Mans, Entries\nDefending champions Scuderia Ferrari brought their latest version of the Ferrari 250 TR. The chassis had been redesigned, made shorter and 77\u00a0kg lighter. The 3-litre V12 had a new 5-speed gearbox and now developed 306\u00a0bhp. Also, after six years Enzo Ferrari had finally relented and installed Dunlop disc brakes on the works cars. His squad of drivers included 1958 winners, Phil Hill/Olivier Gendebien, joined by Jean Behra/Dan Gurney and Hermano da Silva Ramos/Cliff Allison. There were also three 1958-models entered by private teams including the Equipe Nationale Belge and North American Racing Team.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 33], "content_span": [34, 639]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076804-0009-0000", "contents": "1959 24 Hours of Le Mans, Entries\nA subsidiary team, Scuderia Eugenio Castellotti, was entrusted with a new prototype to take on the Porsches in the 2-litre division \u2013 the V6-engined Dino 196 S that produced 195 PS. It would be driven by Castellotti's close friend Giulio Cabianca with Giorgio Scarlatti.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 33], "content_span": [34, 304]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076804-0010-0000", "contents": "1959 24 Hours of Le Mans, Entries\nAs in the previous year, Aston Martin arrived with victory in the 1000km of N\u00fcrburgring with their DBR1/300. Led by director John Wyer and team manager Reg Parnell (himself a veteran of 7 Le Mans races in the early 1950s), they arrived at Le Sarthe with a very strong driver line-up to give themselves every chance of victory. The three works cars were driven by N\u00fcrburgring winners Stirling Moss/Jack Fairman alongside the F1 team driver Roy Salvadori with ex-chicken farmer, Texan Carroll Shelby, and Maurice Trintignant/Paul Fr\u00e8re.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 33], "content_span": [34, 568]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076804-0010-0001", "contents": "1959 24 Hours of Le Mans, Entries\nThis year the cars were more streamlined and Moss and Fairman were given a more powerful 255\u00a0bhp engine to keep up with the Ferraris. Graham Whitehead again privately entered another DBR1. After the death of his half-brother Peter, he now had Brian Naylor as co-driver. In the GT category there was also a new DB4 GT (also using the DBR1 engine) entered by the Swiss Ecurie Trois Chevrons", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 33], "content_span": [34, 422]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076804-0011-0000", "contents": "1959 24 Hours of Le Mans, Entries\nWith no Maseratis this year, the remaining five cars in the S-3000 category all had Jaguar-engines: Lister Engineering brought two of their new Frank Costin-designed cars (joined by Jaguar's former team manager, Lofty England), with another for the Equipe Nationale Belge, while the previously successful Ecurie Ecosse team this year entered both a Jaguar D-Type (for Masten Gregory and Innes Ireland) and a Tojeiro-Jaguar (for Ron Flockhart and Jock Lawrence).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 33], "content_span": [34, 495]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076804-0012-0000", "contents": "1959 24 Hours of Le Mans, Entries\nAfter the very strong run to 3rd. 4th and 5th in the previous year, the Porsche 718 RSK was the car to beat in the 2.0 and 1.5-litre prototype classes. They had also just achieved their first outright Championship victory in May's Targa Florio, finishing 1-2-3-4. The two works cars were driven by regulars Hans Herrmann / Umberto Maglioli and new team-members Wolfgang von Trips / Jo Bonnier. Four Porsches made up the only entrants in the S-1500 class, the works car driven by Edgar Barth / Wolfgang Seidel alongside Dutch, French and American privateers.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 33], "content_span": [34, 591]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076804-0013-0000", "contents": "1959 24 Hours of Le Mans, Entries\nColin Chapman's Lotus team arrived in force, entering several classes: F1 team driver Graham Hill was paired with Australian Lotus-agent Derek Jolly in a new 2-litre Lotus 15, while the other team driver, Alan Stacey was in one of the two Lotus 17s in the 750cc class. Additionally, the team joined privateer Dickie Stoop in entering Lotus Elites in the new GT-1500 class.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 33], "content_span": [34, 406]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076804-0014-0000", "contents": "1959 24 Hours of Le Mans, Entries\nThe 2-litre Prototype class was very competitive with 8 strong entries. Up against the Porsches and Lotus and the new Ferrari, Cooper sent the new T49 \u2018Monaco\u2019 (named after its first GP victory) driven by young works driver Bruce McLaren. Triumph returned to Le Mans with three TR3S cars, its driver line-up including 1956 race winner Ninian Sanderson. In the smallest Prototype classes, there was only a single DB in the 1100cc class, but the 750cc was to be contested by DB, OSCA, Lotus and Stanguellini. One of the works OSCAs was notable as it was driven by the Mexican Rodriguez brothers. Ricardo had been refused entry the previous year for being underage. This year he did compete, becoming the youngest ever driver to race at Le Mans, being only 17 years and four months old.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 33], "content_span": [34, 817]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076804-0015-0000", "contents": "1959 24 Hours of Le Mans, Entries\nThe new GT classes were well supported. The Ferrari 250 GT, in its various guises, was a tried and true racecar, winning since 1956. The V12 engine produced about 250\u00a0bhp. Four were in the entry list with only a single Swiss-entered Aston Martin DB4 GT competing against it in the GT-3000 class.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 33], "content_span": [34, 329]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076804-0016-0000", "contents": "1959 24 Hours of Le Mans, Entries\nAC and MG each had a single car qualify in the GT-2000 class. After the non-appearance of the Squadra Virgilio Conrero Alfa Romeos, the Lotus Elite was the only model in the GT-1500 class with five entries. Having produced the required 100 units, DB was able to homologate the HBR-5 into the GT class, and four works cars were entered. Along with four privateers, it made DB the second biggest manufacturer present, after Ferrari. They were joined by the first appearance of Swedish manufacturer Saab looking to expand up its growing success in rallying.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 33], "content_span": [34, 588]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076804-0017-0000", "contents": "1959 24 Hours of Le Mans, Practice\nFor the first time, the ACO was able to close the public roads in April which allowed a test day for teams to prepare their cars. Only 19 cars took up the opportunity to run for 6\u00bd hours, and it was Phil Hill in the new Ferrari that set the pace. Surprisingly, Cabianca in the 2-litre Dino was second fastest, ahead of the Aston Martins.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 34], "content_span": [35, 372]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076804-0018-0000", "contents": "1959 24 Hours of Le Mans, Practice\nAfter scrutineering was held on the Monday and Tuesday, nine hours of qualifying were held over two sessions on the Wednesday and Thursday. Again the Ferraris were fastest and this time it was debutante Dan Gurney putting in the best time of 4:03.3. However Jean Behra had a major argument with team manager Romolo Tavoni who had imposed a 7500rpm rev-limit on the cars, limiting top performance, to protect the engines. Moss recorded 4:10.8, Hansgen's Jaguar 4:12.2 and Graham Hill put in a competitive time of 4:20 in the 2-litre Lotus.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 34], "content_span": [35, 573]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076804-0019-0000", "contents": "1959 24 Hours of Le Mans, Practice\nBoth the Whitehead Aston Martin and the Tojeiro had major problems and needed parts urgently flown in before the race.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 34], "content_span": [35, 153]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076804-0020-0000", "contents": "1959 24 Hours of Le Mans, Practice\nAfter practice, Dickie Stoop's Lotus Elite was in a traffic accident driving back to its garage in the town and was too badly damaged to be ready for the race-start.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 34], "content_span": [35, 200]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076804-0021-0000", "contents": "1959 24 Hours of Le Mans, Race, Start\nSaturday started with heavy rain, but by 4pm it was dry and very hot. Yet again, Stirling Moss was first away. Parnell had given him team orders to act as the \u2018hare\u2019 and to bait the Ferraris into a race-pace that would break them - a role he relished. (This is contradicted by the transcription of Parnells's race briefing published by Moss). Meanwhile, Behra stalled his Ferrari twice on the line and was 15th at the end of the first lap.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 37], "content_span": [38, 477]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076804-0021-0001", "contents": "1959 24 Hours of Le Mans, Race, Start\nHe subsequently put in some blistering lap-times (setting a new 3-litre lap record) to get back up to 3rd by the end of the first hour. Setting the fastest lap of the race, he then powered his way into the lead passing Moss on the Mulsanne straight around 5.15pm on the 17th lap. Still furious with the team management he hammered the engine at all costs (at one time getting up to 9500rpm on the Mulsanne straight) to prove his point. At the time of the first driver changes on the 30th lap, the car needed a lot of water and suffered from overheating thereafter.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 37], "content_span": [38, 602]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076804-0022-0000", "contents": "1959 24 Hours of Le Mans, Race, Start\nSurprisingly, there was not a single retirement in the first hour (although Lund was delayed after his MG hit a dog at Mulsanne corner). Moss still led from the works Ferraris of Hill, Behra and Allison, then the two Ecosse cars (Jaguar ahead of Tojeiro) and Graham Hill in the remarkable Lotus 15 leading the 2-litre class in 7th. The other Aston Martins were 8th and 9th biding their time, ahead of the two Listers, while the Dino was 13th overall ahead of the Porsches in the 2-litre class.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 37], "content_span": [38, 531]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076804-0023-0000", "contents": "1959 24 Hours of Le Mans, Race, Start\nBy 7pm, after three hours, the Behra/Gurney Ferrari had a 40-second lead over the Moss/Fairman Aston Martin. They had a lap's lead over the rest of the field: leading the pack in third was the Hill/Gendebien Ferrari, then the Gregory/Ireland Ecosse Jaguar and the Salvadori/Shelby Aston Martin. The Allison/Ramos works Ferrari had just retired with a blown head gasket and soon after the Hill/Gendebien car was delayed by engine trouble dropping them to 8th. The Hill/Jolly Lotus that had started so well had been stymied by gearbox issues, and would eventually retire during the night. The Dino briefly took over leading until fuel issues started, leaving the Porsches to take up the 2-litre class lead.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 37], "content_span": [38, 742]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076804-0024-0000", "contents": "1959 24 Hours of Le Mans, Race, Night\nIt was at dusk, in the fifth hour, that the first major accident occurred: Brian Naylor hit oil and rolled the Whitehead Aston Martin at Maison Blanche. Naylor got out, but the car was then heavily struck by Jim Russell in the Cooper Monaco (running 9th) and then Faure's Stanguellini hit the Cooper's fuel tank. Both smaller cars went up in flames and although Russell had a broken leg and ribs from the initial collision both drivers got away with only minor burns.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 37], "content_span": [38, 505]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076804-0025-0000", "contents": "1959 24 Hours of Le Mans, Race, Night\nThe Ecurie Ecosse team was still a competitive force, and by 9pm their Jaguar was running second and the Tojeiro in 4th. But as night fell the pace started taking its toll \u2013 around 10pm, on the 70th lap, both the Ireland/Gregory Jaguar running second and the Moss/Fairman Aston Martin in third were put out with engine problems. Innes Ireland had a big moment when the connecting rod broke dropping oil all over his rear tyres and sending him into a big spin in the pitch darkness.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 37], "content_span": [38, 519]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076804-0025-0001", "contents": "1959 24 Hours of Le Mans, Race, Night\nAnd when Behra's Ferrari was called into the pits by officials to fix malfunctioning lights suddenly the Salvadori/Shelby Aston Martin found itself in the lead. Behra and Gurney had slipped to second and the other works Aston Martin in third. Then came the remaining Lister, Hill's Ferrari, the Ecosse Tojeiro and then three Porsches with Bonnier/von Trips leading the 2-litre classes. The Stacey/Greene Lotus headed the Index of Performance.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 37], "content_span": [38, 480]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076804-0026-0000", "contents": "1959 24 Hours of Le Mans, Race, Night\nHowever, within hours though the Lister and the Tojeiro were out: the Bueb/Halford Lister succumbed to engine issues, then the \u2018Toj\u2019 started leaking fluids long before its replenishment point. Inevitably the engine soon seized and the last Jaguar engine was gone. By midnight over half the field had retired. Aston led Gurney's ailing Ferrari, Aston, Ferrari then the Bonnier Porsche. Behra's engine finally let go just before 2am when he had slipped back to fourth.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 37], "content_span": [38, 504]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076804-0027-0000", "contents": "1959 24 Hours of Le Mans, Race, Night\nMeanwhile, Phil Hill had hunted down the leaders and soon after 2am the Aston Martin lost ten minutes when Salvadori pitted with major vibrations in the suspension. Fearing transmission issues, the team was relieved to instead find that it was a destroyed tyre tread lodged up in the wheel-well. The Hill/Gendebien Ferrari finally hit the front \u2013 its engine issues resolved when the water levels dropped \u2013 and together they set about building a solid lead through the night. By 4am, the halfway mark, that lead was two laps. They were, however, now the sole Testarossa running as the three privateer cars had all retired during the evening. The other Aston Martin was third and the works Porsche 4th (and leading the Performance Index), 4 and 7 laps respectively behind the Ferrari.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 37], "content_span": [38, 820]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076804-0028-0000", "contents": "1959 24 Hours of Le Mans, Race, Morning\nAs the sun rose (for once without the thick rolling fog) the S-750 class Stacey/Greene Lotus had risen to 14th, leading the Index of Performance by a big margin, when it was stopped by the same distributor issues that had halted its teammate. The Lotus 17 was the fastest 750cc ever raced at Le Mans, but still fragile.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 39], "content_span": [40, 359]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076804-0029-0000", "contents": "1959 24 Hours of Le Mans, Race, Morning\nBy 6am the field down to only 23 runners. The Ferrari was leading the two remaining Aston Martins and pulling away. Incredibly, with no other S-3000 class cars left running, four Porsches held down the next places. Then came the four more-powerful Ferrari GTs, headed by the Belgian car of \u201dBeurlys\u201d / \u201dEld\u00e9\u201d. But then it started going wrong for Porsche. First, the leading works car of von Trips/Bonnier, running 4th, was stopped by clutch problems. Soon afterward the works 1500cc car lost its gearbox. The Dutch Ecurie Maarsbergen car inherited 4th place for two hours until it too broke its engine. This left Hugus/Erickson, the American privateers, promoted to 4th still pursued by four Ferraris with the older, French, 550A in 9th.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 39], "content_span": [40, 777]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076804-0030-0000", "contents": "1959 24 Hours of Le Mans, Race, Morning\nDrama happened soon after 11am when Gendebien pitted the leading Ferrari with major overheating problems. It had been leading for over 9 hours and had a healthy 3-lap lead but it was well ahead of its next fluid-refill pit-window. The team improvised to cool the engine and Gendebien did slow laps to try and make it to his pit window, but to no avail \u2013 after two more laps, and just before noon, the engine seized and the last Ferrari hope was gone. Around the same time the last two Porsches retired with engine problems.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 39], "content_span": [40, 563]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076804-0031-0000", "contents": "1959 24 Hours of Le Mans, Race, Morning\nWith the last Ferrari retired and now holding a comfortable lead, Parnell the Aston Martin team manager, ordered his two cars to hold station and ease off to protect their engines for the last four hours. Where Moss had at the start been doing laps of 4m01s and the other cars were set a target of 4m20s, Salvadori now dropped back down to 4m50s This was prudent as the lead car was starting to go through oil at a rate. However, with no pressure from the other teams the two cars were able to cruise to the finish.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 39], "content_span": [40, 555]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076804-0032-0000", "contents": "1959 24 Hours of Le Mans, Race, Morning\nThe three Triumphs had had a mixed race: two had been eliminated early when both had cooling-fan blades break off and go through the radiator. The third (raced by Stoop/Jopp) had been called in as a precaution and had its fan removed then had moved up steadily through the field. It had got up to 7th overall by the 23rd hour when the oil pump broke forcing a late retirement. Perhaps the unluckiest drivers were the privateer DB team of Bartholoni/Jaeger who had battled and survived clutch problems through the whole race only for it to break completely with mere minutes to run.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 39], "content_span": [40, 621]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076804-0033-0000", "contents": "1959 24 Hours of Le Mans, Race, Finish and post-race\nIn the end Shelby brought his car home a lap ahead of Trintignant in a formation finish. All during the race the Texan had been battling a bout of dysentery. He had even driven with a nitroglycerine capsule under his tongue in case he had heart problems (which he omitted from telling his team). Shortly after the race, he would collapse and sleep for hours. Salvadori drove the majority of the race, doing 14 hours, though he also was getting over flu. Trintignant was also suffering: his right foot had been burned by the overheating throttle pedal.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 52], "content_span": [53, 604]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076804-0034-0000", "contents": "1959 24 Hours of Le Mans, Race, Finish and post-race\nSuch was the eventual domination of Aston Martin, the third car home was fully 26 laps behind the winners. That car was the first GT home, the Ferrari 250 GT LWB of \u201dBeurlys\u201d and \u201dEld\u00e9\u201d. Yet again the Equipe Nationale Belge had achieved a podium finish. In fact all the Ferrari GTs finished with the Belgians leading home the NART car and the two French privateers. In 7th was the Rudd Racing AC Ace \u2013 the sole 2-litre finisher \u2013 followed by the first Lotus Elite and a works DB. The little French car had not even been able to overtake the lap distance of the Hill/Gendebien Ferrari retired 4 hours earlier. In a race of attrition only 13 cars out of the 54 starters were able to complete the race.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 52], "content_span": [53, 752]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076804-0035-0000", "contents": "1959 24 Hours of Le Mans, Race, Finish and post-race\nIt was Aston Martin's finest hour: as well as the 1-2 outright finish, the team also reached the podium in all three competitions. Managing Director David Brown had got changed into his \u2018Sunday best\u2019 and in his joy jumped about the winning car for its victory lap. After winning the Tourist Trophy round later in the year, Aston Martin clinched the World Constructors Championship and Brown withdrew the company from motorsport (including its unsuccessful venture into Formula 1).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 52], "content_span": [53, 533]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076804-0036-0000", "contents": "1959 24 Hours of Le Mans, Race, Finish and post-race\nAfter several lean years, DB returned to the winners\u2019 rostrums when it cleaned up the other trophies. The team won the lucrative Index of Performance, the new Index of Thermal Efficiency (by the Armagnac/Consten car doing 25.7 mpg/11.0 litres per 100\u00a0km), and the Biennial Cup for good measure, as well as the GT-750 class win. In contrast the winning Aston Martin only managed to do 10 mpg and even the Porsches could only manage 12 mpg. Perhaps the unluckiest drivers were the privateer DB team of Bartholoni/Jaeger who had battled and survived clutch problems through the whole race only for it to break completely with mere minutes to run.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 52], "content_span": [53, 696]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076804-0037-0000", "contents": "1959 24 Hours of Le Mans, Race, Finish and post-race\nIn a remarkable turn of fortune to the previous year, this was Porsche's worst performance to date with none of their cars, works or privateer, finishing. \u2018Lino\u2019 Fayen, who finished 6th in his Ferrari GT had fled France to Venezuela to evade paying debts. He was subsequently arrested while celebrating his finish.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 52], "content_span": [53, 367]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076804-0038-0000", "contents": "1959 24 Hours of Le Mans, Race, Finish and post-race\nAfter a number of bust-ups with the Ferrari management, this was Jean Behra's last race for the team. The talented Frenchman was fired but then tragically killed just a fortnight later. He was racing his own Porsche in a sportscar race as a prelude for the German Grand Prix being held that year at the dangerous AVUS circuit near Berlin. It was also one of the last races for double-Le Mans winner Ivor Bueb who was killed two months later in a non-Championship F1 race at Clermont-Ferrand.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 52], "content_span": [53, 544]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076804-0039-0000", "contents": "1959 24 Hours of Le Mans, Official results, Finishers\nResults taken from Quentin Spurring's book, officially licensed by the ACOClass winners are in bold text.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 53], "content_span": [54, 159]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076804-0040-0000", "contents": "1959 24 Hours of Le Mans, Official results, Statistics\nTaken from Quentin Spurring's book, officially licensed by the ACO", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 54], "content_span": [55, 121]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076804-0041-0000", "contents": "1959 24 Hours of Le Mans, Official results, Standings after the race\nChampionship points were awarded for the first six places in each race in the order of 8-6-4-3-2-1. Manufacturers were only awarded points for their highest finishing car with no points awarded for additional cars finishing. Only the best 4 results out of the 6 races would be included for the final score. Points earned but not counted towards the championship are given in brackets.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 68], "content_span": [69, 453]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076805-0000-0000", "contents": "1959 6-Hour Le Mans Production Car Race\nThe 1959 6-Hour Le Mans Production Car Race was staged on 1 June 1959 at the Caversham Race Circuit in Western Australia. The race, which was organised by the WA Sporting Car Club, was the fifth annual Six Hour Le Mans.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [39, 39], "content_span": [40, 259]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076805-0001-0000", "contents": "1959 6-Hour Le Mans Production Car Race\nThe race was won by Clem Dwyer and Vin Smith, driving a Triumph TR3A.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [39, 39], "content_span": [40, 109]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076805-0002-0000", "contents": "1959 6-Hour Le Mans Production Car Race, Results, Teams Award\nDiesel Motors - Clem Dywer & Vin Smith (Triumph TR3A), Don Reimann & John Glasson (Standard Ten Cadet), Bob Annear & D Reiman (Standard Ten Cadet)", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 61], "content_span": [62, 208]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076806-0000-0000", "contents": "1959 ACC Men's Basketball Tournament\nThe 1959 Atlantic Coast Conference Men's Basketball Tournament was held in Raleigh, North Carolina, at Reynolds Coliseum from March 5\u20137, 1959. NC State defeated North Carolina, 80\u201356, to win the championship. Lou Pucillo of NC State was named tournament MVP.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [36, 36], "content_span": [37, 295]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076807-0000-0000", "contents": "1959 AFC Youth Championship\nThe AFC Youth Championship 1959 was held in Kuala Lumpur, Federation of Malaya. It was the first time the tournament was organised.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [27, 27], "content_span": [28, 159]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076807-0001-0000", "contents": "1959 AFC Youth Championship, Group Allocations\nFour winners moved to group A and played for the championship. Five other teams moved to consolation group B. Philippines and Thailand had to play in a preliminary round.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 46], "content_span": [47, 217]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076807-0002-0000", "contents": "1959 AFC Youth Championship, Championship Group A\nA closing match was played which South Korea won 3-2. It is not clear against what team they played, possibly a team composed of players from all other teams.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 49], "content_span": [50, 208]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076809-0000-0000", "contents": "1959 Aden Legislative Council election\nElections to the Legislative Council were held in the Colony of Aden on 4 January 1959.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [38, 38], "content_span": [39, 126]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076809-0001-0000", "contents": "1959 Aden Legislative Council election, Background\nIn the previous elections in 1955 only four of the Council's 18 seats were elected. This was raised to 12 elected seats on an enlarged Council of 23 members. The colony was divided into five constituencies, each electing two or three members. Restrictions on suffrage led to only 21,500 people being registered to vote from a population of 180,000. Of the remaining 11 members of the Council, five were ex officio and six were nominees. Five of the members (at least three of which had to be elected member) would be appointed \"Members in charge\" by the Governor, and would have responsibility for government departments.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 50], "content_span": [51, 672]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076809-0002-0000", "contents": "1959 Aden Legislative Council election, Background\nA total of 31 candidates contested the election, with between five and seven in each constituency.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 50], "content_span": [51, 149]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076809-0003-0000", "contents": "1959 Aden Legislative Council election, Results\nOf the 12 elected members, nine were Arabs, two were Somalis and one was Indian. All were described as \"aging, pro-British and moneyed\".", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 47], "content_span": [48, 184]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076809-0004-0000", "contents": "1959 Aden Legislative Council election, Results\nOnly 6,000 votes were cast, following calls for a boycott by the Aden Trade Union Congress, with voter turnout at just 27%. Turnout varied from 43% in Crater to 15% in Sheikh Othman\u2013Little Aden.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 47], "content_span": [48, 242]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076809-0005-0000", "contents": "1959 Aden Legislative Council election, Results, Elected members\nThe winning candidates were all independents, and received between 902 and 207 votes:", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 64], "content_span": [65, 150]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076809-0006-0000", "contents": "1959 Aden Legislative Council election, Aftermath\nDespite the pro-British nature of the elected members, the Council only narrowly approved joining the Federation of South Arabia.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 49], "content_span": [50, 179]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076810-0000-0000", "contents": "1959 African Cup of Nations\nThe 1959 African Cup of Nations was the second edition of the Africa Cup of Nations, the football championship between the national teams of Africa, organised by the Confederation of African Football (CAF). It was hosted and won by the United Arab Republic, a short-lived confederation between Egypt and Syria. Only three teams participated: host team United Arab Republic, Sudan, and Ethiopia. All three matches took place in Cairo.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [27, 27], "content_span": [28, 461]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076810-0001-0000", "contents": "1959 African Cup of Nations, Overview\nWith only three teams, the format changed into a round robin group, but the results were the same, the United Arab Republic won over Ethiopia 4\u22120 and over Sudan 2\u22121. The Sudanese finished second, defeating Ethiopia 1\u22120. This edition will also be remembered because of the three coaches from Eastern Europe: the Czechoslovakian Starosta (Ethiopia) and Hada (Sudan), the Hungarian P\u00e1l Titkos, coach of Egypt.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 37], "content_span": [38, 444]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076810-0002-0000", "contents": "1959 African Cup of Nations, Overview\nMahmoud El-Gohary, who would later become manager of the Egyptian team between 1988 and 2002, would be the top scorer of this edition of the tournament.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 37], "content_span": [38, 190]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076811-0000-0000", "contents": "1959 African Cup of Nations squads\nBelow is a list of national squads who played in the 1959 African Cup of Nations.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [34, 34], "content_span": [35, 116]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076812-0000-0000", "contents": "1959 Air Charter Turkey crash\nG-AGRH Zephyr was an Avro Super Trader IV cargo aircraft which crashed on Mount S\u00fcphan in eastern Turkey on 23 April 1959. The Super Trader IV was a modified Avro Tudor IV, which had been fitted with an aft cargo door and was flown unpressurized.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [29, 29], "content_span": [30, 276]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076812-0001-0000", "contents": "1959 Air Charter Turkey crash, Crash\nG-AGRH, owned by Air Charter Limited, departed Ankara for a flight to Bahrain, which was a leg of a long cargo flight from the United Kingdom to Woomera Airfield in Australia. The aircraft was carrying twelve men and top-secret equipment for Woomera rocket range. Between Ankara and Teheran it used an air corridor which would take it over the middle of Lake Van, Turkey's largest lake, almost surrounded by mountains and situated close to the Soviet-Armenian border.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 36], "content_span": [37, 504]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076812-0002-0000", "contents": "1959 Air Charter Turkey crash, Crash\nAt 08:14, the aircraft passed over Gemerek at FL115 and at 08:59 it passed over Elaz\u0131\u011f at FL135. The last position report was received at 09:26 over Mu\u015f. The aircraft had crashed, and was found six days later on Mount S\u00fcphan, a little north of Lake Van.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 36], "content_span": [37, 290]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076812-0003-0000", "contents": "1959 Air Charter Turkey crash, Crash\nA special Royal Air Force mountain rescue team of six men from Nicosia, Cyprus reached the crash site at the top of the mountain some days later and demolished the plane wreckage with several explosives after retrieving several important documents.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 36], "content_span": [37, 285]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076812-0004-0000", "contents": "1959 Air Charter Turkey crash, Crash\nThere was unproven speculation that there were nuclear warheads in the cargo. An anonymous source alleged that, some years later, some local villagers who went to the wreck were diagnosed with cancer and died due to high exposure to the radioactive substances.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 36], "content_span": [37, 297]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076812-0005-0000", "contents": "1959 Air Charter Turkey crash, Crash\nThe official investigation into the accident concluded that the aircraft, which had been flying on instruments, drifted north of its normal track because of strong winds and crashed into the mountain. Stronger-than-forecast winds may have been a contributing factor \u2013 an accurate bearing could not be obtained at Mu\u015f, and the wind forecast at Van had not been checked. In addition to this, sub-normal temperatures would have resulted in a high indicated altimeter reading and calculations on the flight and contacts with beacons were not coordinated and controlled.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 36], "content_span": [37, 602]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076813-0000-0000", "contents": "1959 Air Force Falcons football team\nThe 1959 Air Force Falcons football team represented the United States Air Force Academy in the 1959 NCAA University Division football season as a University Division Independent. Led by second\u2013year head coach Ben Martin, the Falcons played their home games at DU Stadium in Denver and Folsom Field in Boulder, Colorado. They outscored by opponents 160\u2013124 and finished with a record of 5 wins, 4 losses, and 1 tie (5\u20134\u20131).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [36, 36], "content_span": [37, 460]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076813-0001-0000", "contents": "1959 Air Force Falcons football team\nThis was the first year the Falcons played Army, a respectable 13\u201313 tie before 67,000 at Yankee Stadium in New York City on Halloween. The two academies met in odd-numbered years (except 1961) through 1971, and have played annually in the competition (with Navy) for the Commander-in-Chief's Trophy, first awarded in 1972.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [36, 36], "content_span": [37, 360]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076813-0002-0000", "contents": "1959 Air Force Falcons football team\nFollowing the Army game, the Falcons were at 4\u20131\u20131, but lost three of four in November.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [36, 36], "content_span": [37, 124]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076814-0000-0000", "contents": "1959 Akron Zips football team\nThe 1959 Akron Zips football team represented Akron University in the 1959 NCAA College Division football season as a member of the Ohio Athletic Conference. Led by sixth-year head coach Joe McMullen, the Zips played their home games at the Rubber Bowl in Akron, Ohio. They finished the season with a record of 4\u20135 overall and 4\u20133 in OAC play. They were outscored by their opponents 119\u2013155.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [29, 29], "content_span": [30, 421]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076815-0000-0000", "contents": "1959 Alabama Crimson Tide football team\nThe 1959 Alabama Crimson Tide football team (variously \"Alabama\", \"UA\" or \"Bama\") represented the University of Alabama in the 1959 NCAA University Division football season. It was the Crimson Tide's 65th overall and 26th season as a member of the Southeastern Conference (SEC). The team was led by head coach Bear Bryant, in his second year, and played their home games at Denny Stadium in Tuscaloosa, Legion Field in Birmingham and at Ladd Stadium in Mobile, Alabama. They finished with a record of seven wins, two losses and two ties (7\u20132\u20132 overall, 4\u20131\u20132 in the SEC) and with a loss against Penn State in the inaugural Liberty Bowl.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [39, 39], "content_span": [40, 676]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076815-0001-0000", "contents": "1959 Alabama Crimson Tide football team\nThe Crimson Tide opened the 1959 season with three consecutive games on the road. After they dropped the opener at Georgia, they rebounded with a victory at Houston and then played Vanderbilt to a 7\u20137 tie at Dudley Field. Alabama then defeated Chattanooga in the first Denny Stadium game of the season and tied Tennessee 7\u20137 at Legion Field. On homecoming, the Crimson Tide defeated Mississippi State and then one week later defeated Tulane at Ladd Stadium. The win over Tulane was both the 100th Southeastern Conference victory in the history of the Alabama program and the 100th all-time victory for Bryant as a head coach.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [39, 39], "content_span": [40, 665]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076815-0002-0000", "contents": "1959 Alabama Crimson Tide football team\nAlabama then went on to upset Georgia Tech and as a result entered the polls the following week for the first time since the 1954 season. The Crimson Tide then closed the regular season with a wins over Memphis State and Auburn that snapped what was then a school record five-game Iron Bowl losing streak. Alabama next accepted an invitation to compete in the inaugural Liberty Bowl where they were upset by Penn State in the final game of the season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [39, 39], "content_span": [40, 491]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076815-0003-0000", "contents": "1959 Alabama Crimson Tide football team, Game summaries, Georgia\nTo open the 1959 season, Fran Tarkenton led the Georgia Bulldogs to a 17\u20133 victory over the Crimson Tide at Athens. The Bulldogs took an early 3\u20130 lead after Tom Pennington connected on a 35-yard field goal in the first quarter. Georgia then extended their lead further to 10\u20130 at halftime on a 40-yard David Godfrey touchdown run in the second quarter. After Alabama responded with their only points in the third on a 23-yard Fred Sington, Jr. field goal, Tarkenton scored on a one-yard touchdown run in the fourth quarter that made the final score 17\u20133. The 17 points scored were the most allowed by a Bryant led defense to that point, and the Georgia win marked their first in an opening game since their 1954 season. The loss brought Alabama's all-time record against Georgia to 23\u201318\u20134.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 64], "content_span": [65, 856]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076815-0004-0000", "contents": "1959 Alabama Crimson Tide football team, Game summaries, Houston\nA week after they opened the season with a loss at Georgia, the Crimson Tide shutout the Houston Cougars 3\u20130 in the first all-time meeting between the schools. On a rainy evening, the only points scored came in the third quarter on a 25-yard Fred Sington, Jr. field goal. In the game, the Crimson Tide defense had three interceptions, but was also penalized eight times for 99-yards in the victory.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 64], "content_span": [65, 463]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076815-0005-0000", "contents": "1959 Alabama Crimson Tide football team, Game summaries, Vanderbilt\nFor the third time in as many seasons, the Crimson Tide played the Vanderbilt Commodores to a tie, this time by a 7\u20137 margin in Nashville. After a scoreless first quarter, the Commodores took a 7\u20130 halftime lead after Tom Moore scored on a short touchdown run in the second quarter. Alabama tied the game early in the fourth quarter on a short Pat Trammell touchdown run, Russell Morris missed a 37-yard field goal attempt later in the quarter and the game ended tied 7\u20137. The tie brought Alabama's all-time record against Vanderbilt to 18\u201316\u20134.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 67], "content_span": [68, 613]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076815-0006-0000", "contents": "1959 Alabama Crimson Tide football team, Game summaries, Chattanooga\nIn rainy conditions for the first home game of the 1959 season, the Crimson Tide shutout the Chattanooga Mocs 13\u20130 in Tuscaloosa. Alabama took a 7\u20130 first quarter lead when Robert Skelton scored on an 18-yard touchdown run. Pat Trammell then scored the second touchdown of the game in the third on a 54-yard run that made the score 13\u20130. For the game, Trammell rushed for 106 yards on 17 carries to lead the Crimson Tide. The victory improved Alabama's all-time record against Chattanooga to 8\u20130.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 68], "content_span": [69, 565]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076815-0007-0000", "contents": "1959 Alabama Crimson Tide football team, Game summaries, Tennessee\nIn their annual rivalry game against Tennessee, Alabama played the No. 14 Volunteers to a 7\u20137 tie in Birmingham. Tennessee took an early 7\u20130 lead in the first quarter. Bill Majors scored on a two-yard touchdown run that capped a nine-play, 45-yard drive. The Crimson Tide responded in the second quarter when Pat Trammell threw a 21-yard touchdown pass to Stanley Bell that tied the score 7\u20137. The only other scoring opportunity came late in the fourth quarter, and after Frank Sington, Jr. missed an eight-yard field goal for Alabama, the game ended in a 7\u20137 tie. The tie brought Alabama's all-time record against Tennessee to 18\u201318\u20136.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 66], "content_span": [67, 703]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076815-0008-0000", "contents": "1959 Alabama Crimson Tide football team, Game summaries, Mississippi State\nOn homecoming in Tuscaloosa, Alabama shutout the Mississippi State Maroons 10\u20130 and secured their first conference victory of the 1959 season. After a scoreless first quarter, Alabama took a 3\u20130 halftime lead after Fred Sington, Jr. connected on a 25-yard field goal. They then extended their lead to 10\u20130 in the third quarter when Bobby Skelton threw a 36-yard touchdown pass to Stanley Bell. The Crimson Tide defense was dominant in the victory as they had four interceptions for the game. The victory improved Alabama's all-time record against Mississippi State to 31\u201310\u20133.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 74], "content_span": [75, 651]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076815-0009-0000", "contents": "1959 Alabama Crimson Tide football team, Game summaries, Tulane\nIn their annual home game at Ladd Stadium in Mobile, the Crimson Tide overcame five turnovers and defeated the Tulane Green Wave 19\u20137. After a scoreless first quarter, Alabama took a 7\u20130 lead after Marlin Dyess scored on a four-yard touchdown run. The Greenies responded later in the quarter with a 10-yard Phil Nugent touchdown pass to Pete Abadie that tied the game 7\u20137 at halftime. The Crimson Tide then scored a pair of second half touchdowns.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 63], "content_span": [64, 511]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076815-0009-0001", "contents": "1959 Alabama Crimson Tide football team, Game summaries, Tulane\nThe first came in the third quarter on a 22-yard Bobby Skelton pass to Tommy Brooker and the second in the fourth quarter on a 10-yard W. E. Richardson run. The win was both the 100th Southeastern Conference victory in the history of the Alabama program and the 100th victory for Bryant as a head coach. The victory improved Alabama's all-time record against Tulane to 18\u201310\u20132.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 63], "content_span": [64, 441]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076815-0010-0000", "contents": "1959 Alabama Crimson Tide football team, Game summaries, Georgia Tech\nBehind a 43-yard game-winning Fred Sington, Jr. field goal, the Crimson Tide upset the Georgia Tech Yellow Jackets 9\u20137 at Legion Field. Tech took an early 7\u20130 after Gary O'Steen fumbled the opening kickoff that gave the Yellow Jackets possession at the Alabama 27-yard line. Six plays later  Marvin Tibbetts scored on a two-yard run. Alabama's only touchdown drive was set up on their next possession after Tech fumbled a punt that was recovered by W. E. Richardson at their 49-yard line.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 69], "content_span": [70, 558]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076815-0010-0001", "contents": "1959 Alabama Crimson Tide football team, Game summaries, Georgia Tech\nEight plays later, Marlin Dyess scored on a 10-yard run, but Bryant then elected to go for a two-point conversion that was unsuccessful and the Jackets led 7\u20136. What proved to be the game-winning field goal came on a 43-yard Sington kick in the second quarter that made the score 9\u20137. The victory improved Alabama's all-time record against Georgia Tech to 20\u201318\u20133.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 69], "content_span": [70, 434]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076815-0011-0000", "contents": "1959 Alabama Crimson Tide football team, Game summaries, Memphis State\nAfter their upset victory over Georgia Tech, the Crimson Tide entered the polls for the first time since the 1954 season in the No. 17 position. Down 7\u20130 at halftime to underdog Memphis State, the Crimson Tide rallied with a pair of second half touchdowns and defeated the Tigers 14\u20137 at Denny Stadium. After a scoreless first quarter, Memphis took a 7\u20130 lead after Jimmy Wright scored on a one-yard touchdown run that capped an 84-yard drive.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 70], "content_span": [71, 514]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076815-0011-0001", "contents": "1959 Alabama Crimson Tide football team, Game summaries, Memphis State\nAlabama then took an 8\u20137 lead in the third quarter when W. E. Richardson scored on a fourth-and-three touchdown run followed it with a successful two-point conversion. Mal Moore then threw a four-yard touchdown pass to William Rice in the fourth quarter that made the final score 14\u20137. The victory improved Alabama's all-time record against Memphis State to 2\u20130.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 70], "content_span": [71, 433]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076815-0012-0000", "contents": "1959 Alabama Crimson Tide football team, Game summaries, Auburn\nAs they entered their season finale against No. 11 Auburn, the Crimson Tide dropped two spots to the No. 19 position after their closer than expected game against Memphis State. At Legion Field in the annual Iron Bowl game, Alabama shutout the Tigers 10\u20130 and won their first game against their rival since the 1953 season. After a scoreless first quarter, Alabama took a 3\u20130 halftime lead on a 27-yard Tommy Brooker field goal. They extended their lead further to 10\u20130 in the third quarter on a 39-yard Bobby Skelton touchdown pass to Marlin Dyess. The victory improved Alabama's all-time record against Auburn to 10\u201313\u20131.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 63], "content_span": [64, 687]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076815-0013-0000", "contents": "1959 Alabama Crimson Tide football team, Game summaries, Penn State\nAfter their victory over Auburn in their season finale, Bryant turned down an invitation to play in the Bluegrass Bowl. However, two days later they accepted an invitation to compete in the inaugural Liberty Bowl against the Penn State Nittany Lions in the first all-time meeting between the schools. As they entered their contest against Penn State, Alabama finished the season with the No. 10 ranking and the Nittany Lions with the No. 12 ranking. At Municipal Stadium, Alabama was upset 7\u20130 by Penn State with the only touchdown scored in the second quarter on a 17-yard touchdown reception by Roger Kochman from Galen Hall on a fake field goal attempt. This bowl game marked the beginning of a school record 25 consecutive bowl appearances.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 67], "content_span": [68, 812]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076816-0000-0000", "contents": "1959 Albanian National Championship\nThe 1959 Albanian National Championship was the 22nd season of the Albanian National Championship, the top professional league for association football clubs, since its establishment in 1930.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [35, 35], "content_span": [36, 227]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076816-0001-0000", "contents": "1959 Albanian National Championship, Overview\nIt was contested by 8 teams, and Partizani won the championship.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 45], "content_span": [46, 110]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076816-0002-0000", "contents": "1959 Albanian National Championship, League standings\nNote: '17 N\u00ebntori' is SK Tirana and 'Labinoti' is KS Elbasani", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 53], "content_span": [54, 115]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076817-0000-0000", "contents": "1959 Alberta general election\nThe 1959 Alberta general election was held on June 18, 1959, to elect members of the Legislative Assembly of Alberta.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [29, 29], "content_span": [30, 147]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076817-0001-0000", "contents": "1959 Alberta general election\nErnest C. Manning, in his fifth election as party leader and provincial premier, led the Social Credit Party to its seventh consecutive term in government, with 55% of the popular vote, and all but four of the sixty five seats in the legislature.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [29, 29], "content_span": [30, 276]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076817-0002-0000", "contents": "1959 Alberta general election\nSocial Credit was also helped by a split in the opposition vote: whereas in the 1955 election, opponents were largely united behind the Liberal Party, in this election the vote was divided between the Liberals and the resurgent Progressive Conservative Party under the leadership of Cam Kirby, won almost 15% of the popular vote, placing ahead of the Liberals whose leader, Grant MacEwan lost  his Calgary seat. The Tories and Liberals each won only one seat in the legislature while the Alberta CCF was shut out of the legislature for the first time in seventeen years. The other two opposition seat were taken by a Coalition candidate in Banff and an Independent Social Credit-er, both with strong local support.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [29, 29], "content_span": [30, 744]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076817-0003-0000", "contents": "1959 Alberta general election\nPrevious to this election, the Social Credit government had done away with the Instant-runoff voting system in use in the rural constituencies, and the Single Transferable Vote system in Edmonton and Calgary, both of which had been in place since 1924.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [29, 29], "content_span": [30, 282]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076817-0003-0001", "contents": "1959 Alberta general election\nThe move was made, the government claimed, to prevent the waste of votes caused by votes being declared spoiled due to unsatisfactory ballot marking, to bring Alberta in line with the other provinces who were using the First past the post systems, and to stop what the government called  a conspiracy by the opposition parties to gang up on the SC government. The cancellation of STV and AV also standardized and simplified voting results across the province.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [29, 29], "content_span": [30, 489]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076817-0003-0002", "contents": "1959 Alberta general election\nUnder single transferable vote and instant-runoff voting, final results would take up to five days to count the necessary vote transfers, before the last seat in a multiple-member district, Edmonton nor Calgary, was declared filled. (Manning always knew he was elected only hours after the polls closed due to his high vote count on the First Count.) The delay was especially large in the Edmonton, which elected seven members.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [29, 29], "content_span": [30, 457]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076817-0004-0000", "contents": "1959 Alberta general election\nThe 1955 election had produced a large opposition in the Legislature (large by Alberta standards anyway). Besides Liberals, Conservatives and CCF-ers electing MLAs in proportion to their numbers in the cities, the government had lost a few members in rural constituencies due to IRV, when they had received the largest portion of the vote in the constituency but were not elected to the seat due to another candidate receiving many votes (second choices votes) from a third candidate, who being last ranking had been eliminated. The cancellation of IRV system was meant to prevent this in the future.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [29, 29], "content_span": [30, 630]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076817-0005-0000", "contents": "1959 Alberta general election\nSimultaneous with cancellation of STV/AV, the government increased the number of MLAs by creating new districts, the most since 1909, mostly in Calgary and Edmonton (two districts). This allowed drastic re-drawing of district boundaries, allowing the government to suit itself.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [29, 29], "content_span": [30, 307]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076817-0006-0000", "contents": "1959 Alberta general election\nThe change was met by some harsh criticism at the time. The government was accused of changing the rules to help itself and for failing to consult the public, but it did not hurt the government's popularity at the polls.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [29, 29], "content_span": [30, 250]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076818-0000-0000", "contents": "1959 All England Badminton Championships\nThe 1959 All England Championships was a badminton tournament held at Wembley, London, England, from 18\u201321 March 1959.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [40, 40], "content_span": [41, 159]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076819-0000-0000", "contents": "1959 All-Atlantic Coast Conference football team\nThe 1959 All-Atlantic Coast Conference football team consists of American football players chosen by various selectors for their All-Atlantic Coast Conference (\"ACC\") teams for the 1959 NCAA University Division football season. Selectors in 1959 included the Associated Press (AP) and the United Press International (UPI). Players selected to the first team by both the AP and UPI are displayed below in bold.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 48], "section_span": [48, 48], "content_span": [49, 458]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076820-0000-0000", "contents": "1959 All-Big Seven Conference football team\nThe 1959 All-Big Eight Conference football team consists of American football players chosen by various organizations for All-Big Eight Conference teams for the 1959 NCAA University Division football season. The selectors for the 1959 season included the Associated Press (AP) and the United Press International (UPI). Players selected as first-team players by both the AP and UPI are designated in bold.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 43], "section_span": [43, 43], "content_span": [44, 448]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076821-0000-0000", "contents": "1959 All-Big Ten Conference football team\nThe 1959 All-Big Ten Conference football team consists of American football players chosen by various organizations for All-Big Ten Conference teams for the 1959 Big Ten Conference football season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 41], "section_span": [41, 41], "content_span": [42, 239]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076821-0001-0000", "contents": "1959 All-Big Ten Conference football team, Key\nUPI = United Press International, selected by the conference coaches", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 41], "section_span": [43, 46], "content_span": [47, 115]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076821-0002-0000", "contents": "1959 All-Big Ten Conference football team, Key\nBold = Consensus first-team selections by the AP and UPI", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 41], "section_span": [43, 46], "content_span": [47, 103]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076822-0000-0000", "contents": "1959 All-Ireland Minor Football Championship\nThe 1959 All-Ireland Minor Football Championship was the 28th staging of the All-Ireland Minor Football Championship, the Gaelic Athletic Association's premier inter-county Gaelic football tournament for boys under the age of 18.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [44, 44], "content_span": [45, 274]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076822-0001-0000", "contents": "1959 All-Ireland Minor Football Championship\nOn 27 September 1959, Dublin won the championship following an 0-11 to 1-4 defeat of Cavan in the All-Ireland final. This was their seventh All-Ireland title overall and their second in succession. It was also a fifth All-Ireland title in six championship seasons for Dublin.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [44, 44], "content_span": [45, 320]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076823-0000-0000", "contents": "1959 All-Ireland Minor Hurling Championship\nThe 1959 All-Ireland Minor Hurling Championship was the 29th staging of the All-Ireland Minor Hurling Championship since its establishment by the Gaelic Athletic Association in 1928.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 43], "section_span": [43, 43], "content_span": [44, 226]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076823-0001-0000", "contents": "1959 All-Ireland Minor Hurling Championship\nLimerick entered the championship as the defending champions, however, they were beaten by Tipperary in the Munster final.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 43], "section_span": [43, 43], "content_span": [44, 166]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076823-0002-0000", "contents": "1959 All-Ireland Minor Hurling Championship\nOn 6 September 1959 Tipperary won the championship following a 2-8 to 2-7 defeat of Kilkenny in the All-Ireland final. This was their 12th All-Ireland title and their first in two championship seasons.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 43], "section_span": [43, 43], "content_span": [44, 245]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076823-0003-0000", "contents": "1959 All-Ireland Minor Hurling Championship, Provincial changes\nDue to a lack of competition in their own province, the Galway County Board proposed a regrading to junior status for their senior team in January 1958. This led to a wider debate regarding Galway's isolated position in a province where they faced little credible opposition. At a meeting of the Munster Council on 10 January 1959 it was decided to invite Galway to participate in all grades of hurling in Munster on a temporary basis. This decision was later ratified at the GAA Congress.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 43], "section_span": [45, 63], "content_span": [64, 553]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076824-0000-0000", "contents": "1959 All-Ireland Senior Camogie Championship\nThe 1959 All-Ireland Senior Camogie Championship was the high point of the 1959 camogie season. The championship was won by Dublin who defeated surprise finalists Mayo by a 33-point margin in one of the most one-sided finals in camogie history. The match drew an attendance of 4,000. The championship was the first to have a match televised, when a BBC television crew covered the All-Ireland semi-final between Antrim and Dublin in Belfast.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [44, 44], "content_span": [45, 486]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076824-0001-0000", "contents": "1959 All-Ireland Senior Camogie Championship, Semi-finals\nBoosted by the presence of the talented Josie Ruane from Keelogues at full-back and later at centre-back, and by the interest of PJ Hennelly, who later became general manager of the Connaught Telegraph, and Gerry Bracken of Newport, editor of The Mayo News, Mayo surprised Galway in Mulranny on May 31 in the Connacht semi-final and defeated Sligo 7-2 to 0-3 in the most unusual Connacht final in camogie history at Manulla on 5 July, with three goals from Peggy Coughter, two from Eileen Clarke and one each from Josie Ruane and Bridie Kilroy.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [46, 57], "content_span": [58, 602]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076824-0002-0000", "contents": "1959 All-Ireland Senior Camogie Championship, Semi-finals\nWaterford won the Munster championship for the first time with an outstanding full back Josie McNamara, who refereed the All Ireland semi-final between Dublin and Antrim, and was also a noted badminton player. With outstanding performances from Geraldine Power, Lilian Howlett and Pat Doyle, Waterford defeated Clare by 19 points in the first round of the Munster championship, then Limerick, Cork and London in the All Ireland quarter-final. Dublin beat Wexford in the lienster final.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [46, 57], "content_span": [58, 543]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076824-0003-0000", "contents": "1959 All-Ireland Senior Camogie Championship, Semi-finals\nThe unlikely pairing of Mayo and Waterford met in a farcical semi-final at Newport on an unplayable field. The match, the first inter-county fixture to be drawn since the 1942 final, went into extra time and Waterford were leading by three points when Eileen Clarke pounced for an equalising goal. There was a suggestion that the teams play another period of extra time but the captains refused to continue. Instead the All-Ireland final fixed for 16 August was postponed to enable a replay in Roscrea.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [46, 57], "content_span": [58, 560]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076824-0004-0000", "contents": "1959 All-Ireland Senior Camogie Championship, Semi-finals\nWaterford led 1-5 to 1-1 at half-time in the replay before a great fight-back and a last minute victory for Mayo, who had 2-2 from Eileen Clarke a goal from Peggy Coughter and a point from Josie Ruane. Mayo snatched a last-minute victory, with a long-range point from centre-back, Josie Ruane, by 3-4 to 2-6. In the other semi-final between Dublin and Antrim Una O'Connor scored two goals, the first by pouncing on a bad clearance, and Kathleen Mills got the third with Dublin going on to win by two points.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [46, 57], "content_span": [58, 565]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076824-0005-0000", "contents": "1959 All-Ireland Senior Camogie Championship, Final\nDublin went into the lead from the throw-in of the final, when \u00dana O'Connor raced through for a goal and eventually ran up a remarkable tally of 5-2. By half time Dublin led by 6-2 to 0-1, Mayo rallied briefly after the interval but Dublin continued to dominate exchanges and pile up the scores. It was late in the game before Mayo registered their only score from play, a well-taken goal by Eileen Clarke which was greeted with the greatest cheer of the evening. Agnes Hourigan wrote in the Irish Press:", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [46, 51], "content_span": [52, 556]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076824-0006-0000", "contents": "1959 All-Ireland Senior Camogie Championship, Final\nDublin\u2019s superiority stemmed from midfield where the hard-working Annette Corrigan, Kay Mills and captain Brid Reid, who had flown back from her honeymoon to play, were always in complete control. These three laid on perfect passes for their clever forwards, who cut through the Mayo defence almost at will. Mayo seldom showed us anything of the fine form that had characterized their earlier victories. Sole exception was their captain, Josie Ruane, who did Trojan work at centre-back all through, and who was deadly accurate from frees, scoring all of her team\u2019s points. Their lack of experience told against them and some of their players seemed over-awed by the setting and the occasion.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [46, 51], "content_span": [52, 743]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076825-0000-0000", "contents": "1959 All-Ireland Senior Camogie Championship Final\nThe 1959 All-Ireland Senior Camogie Championship Final was the 28th All-Ireland Final and the deciding match of the 1959 All-Ireland Senior Camogie Championship, an inter-county camogie tournament for the top teams in Ireland.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 50], "section_span": [50, 50], "content_span": [51, 277]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076825-0001-0000", "contents": "1959 All-Ireland Senior Camogie Championship Final\nMayo, playing in their first (and, as of 2011, only) All-Ireland final, were well off the pace, and only managed one point in the first half. Dublin won by thirty-three points, still the record for an All-Ireland camogie final.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 50], "section_span": [50, 50], "content_span": [51, 278]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076826-0000-0000", "contents": "1959 All-Ireland Senior Football Championship\nThe 1959 All-Ireland Senior Football Championship was the 73rd staging of Ireland's premier Gaelic football knock-out competition.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 45], "section_span": [45, 45], "content_span": [46, 176]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076827-0000-0000", "contents": "1959 All-Ireland Senior Football Championship Final\nThe 1959 All-Ireland Senior Football Championship Final was the 72nd All-Ireland Final and the deciding match of the 1959 All-Ireland Senior Football Championship, an inter-county Gaelic football tournament for the top teams in Ireland.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 51], "section_span": [51, 51], "content_span": [52, 288]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076827-0001-0000", "contents": "1959 All-Ireland Senior Football Championship Final\nKerry won easily with goals by Dan McAuliffe (2) and Garry McMahon.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 51], "section_span": [51, 51], "content_span": [52, 119]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076827-0002-0000", "contents": "1959 All-Ireland Senior Football Championship Final\nIt was the third of three All-Ireland football titles won by Kerry in the 1950s.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 51], "section_span": [51, 51], "content_span": [52, 132]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076828-0000-0000", "contents": "1959 All-Ireland Senior Hurling Championship\nRefereed by Jeremiah Fitzgerald (Rathkeale, Limerick)The 1959 All-Ireland Senior Hurling Championship was the 73rd staging of the All-Ireland Senior Hurling Championship, the Gaelic Athletic Association's premier inter-county hurling tournament. The championship began on 12 April 1959 and ended on 4 October 1959.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [44, 44], "content_span": [45, 359]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076828-0001-0000", "contents": "1959 All-Ireland Senior Hurling Championship\nThe championship was won by Waterford who secured the title following a 3-12 to 1-10 defeat of Kilkenny in the All-Ireland final. This was their second All-Ireland title, their first in eleven championship seasons. It remains their last All-Ireland triumph.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [44, 44], "content_span": [45, 302]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076828-0002-0000", "contents": "1959 All-Ireland Senior Hurling Championship\nTipperary were the defending champions but were defeated by Waterford in the Munster semi-final.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [44, 44], "content_span": [45, 141]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076828-0003-0000", "contents": "1959 All-Ireland Senior Hurling Championship, Provincial changes\nDue to a lack of competition in their own province, the Galway County Board proposed a regrading to junior status in January 1958. This led to a wider debate regarding the structure of the championship. The abolition of the provincial system and the introduction of an open draw was rejected. Galway put forward their own proposal for the creation of a new \"province\" consisting of Galway, Clare, Laois, Offaly and Westmeath, however, this was also rejected.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [46, 64], "content_span": [65, 523]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076828-0003-0001", "contents": "1959 All-Ireland Senior Hurling Championship, Provincial changes\nThe possibility of starting the National Hurling League in April in an effort to give Galway some game time before the start of the championship was also discussed. At a meeting of the Munster Council on 10 January 1959 it was decided to invite Galway to participate in all grades of hurling in Munster on a temporary basis. This decision was later ratified at the GAA Congress.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [46, 64], "content_span": [65, 443]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076828-0004-0000", "contents": "1959 All-Ireland Senior Hurling Championship, Player facts, Debutantes\nThe following players made their d\u00e9but in the 1959 championship:", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [46, 70], "content_span": [71, 135]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076829-0000-0000", "contents": "1959 All-Ireland Senior Hurling Championship Final\nThe 1959 All-Ireland Senior Hurling Championship Final took place on 6 September 1959 at Croke Park, Dublin. It was the 72nd All-Ireland final and was contested by Waterford and Kilkenny.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 50], "section_span": [50, 50], "content_span": [51, 238]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076829-0001-0000", "contents": "1959 All-Ireland Senior Hurling Championship Final\nThe match ended level. This was the last All-Ireland Senior Hurling Championship Final at the end of which the teams finished level until 2012.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 50], "section_span": [50, 50], "content_span": [51, 194]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076829-0002-0000", "contents": "1959 All-Ireland Senior Hurling Championship Final\nThe first game ended level with a score of 1-17 to 5-5. A replay took place at the same venue four weeks later on 4 October 1959. On that occasion the Leinster champions lost to their Munster opponents on a score line of 3-12 to 1-10.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 50], "section_span": [50, 50], "content_span": [51, 285]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076829-0003-0000", "contents": "1959 All-Ireland Senior Hurling Championship Final\nThis was Waterford's second ever All-Ireland title. They have yet to win a third.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 50], "section_span": [50, 50], "content_span": [51, 132]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076829-0004-0000", "contents": "1959 All-Ireland Senior Hurling Championship Final, All-Ireland final, Overview\nThe All-Ireland senior hurling final saw Waterford lining out in only their third ever championship decider. They last played in the All-Ireland final two years earlier in 1957 when they were defeated by Kilkenny. Waterford last won the title in 1948 when they defeated Dublin.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 50], "section_span": [52, 79], "content_span": [80, 357]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076829-0005-0000", "contents": "1959 All-Ireland Senior Hurling Championship Final, All-Ireland final, Match reports\nSunday 6 September was the date of the 1959 All-Ireland senior hurling final between Waterford and Kilkenny. The attendance of 73,707 was not disappointed and was treated to some splendid hurling by both teams in one of the great All-Ireland finals. An exciting first half of hurling saw Waterford take a five-point lead.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 50], "section_span": [52, 84], "content_span": [85, 406]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076829-0005-0001", "contents": "1959 All-Ireland Senior Hurling Championship Final, All-Ireland final, Match reports\nImmediately after the restart Tom Cheasty scored a memorable point after he stormed past five Kilkenny defenders who, according to Radio \u00c9ireann commentator Michael O'Hehir, fell around him \u2018like dying wasps.\u2019  Waterford were masters at pure hurling; however, the downside of this was that they found it difficult to close out games and win easily. This was a factor on this occasion against Kilkenny. Two quick goals by Tommy O'Connell put Kilkenny ahead by two goals with just a minute left in the game. With the score at 5-5 to 0-17 Waterford needed a goal.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 50], "section_span": [52, 84], "content_span": [85, 645]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076829-0005-0002", "contents": "1959 All-Ireland Senior Hurling Championship Final, All-Ireland final, Match reports\nA stroke of luck saw \u2018the Decies\u2019 awarded a sideline cut. Team captain Frankie Walsh stepped up to take it when he saw S\u00e9amus Power bursting out of midfield with his hand raised looking for the sliothar. Walsh fluffed the sideline cut and the sliothar only went a few yards. However, Larry Guinan was running forward and he collected the sliothar. He had only one thing in mind as he headed straight for the goalmouth. He fired in a shot that full-back Jim \u2018Link\u2019 Walsh deflected past his goalkeeper Ollie Walsh. The final whistle blew immediately and the score line read Waterford 1-17, Kilkenny 5-5.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 50], "section_span": [52, 84], "content_span": [85, 686]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076829-0006-0000", "contents": "1959 All-Ireland Senior Hurling Championship Final, All-Ireland final, Match reports\nFour weeks later on 4 October 77,285 returned to Croke Park to see the second installment of the All-Ireland final between Waterford and Kilkenny. The second game began terribly for Waterford, in spite of playing with a strong wind, and they trailed by 1-4 to 0-1 after only twelve minutes of play. Frankie Walsh also had a torrid time as he failed to raise the sliothar for a close-in free. All of a sudden, however, Waterford clicked into gear. Mick Flannelly, a player from the Mount Sion club, goaled to get Waterford\u2019s game back on track.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 50], "section_span": [52, 84], "content_span": [85, 628]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076829-0006-0001", "contents": "1959 All-Ireland Senior Hurling Championship Final, All-Ireland final, Match reports\nTom Cunningham added a second with a brilliant overhead strike before Tom Cheasty also goaled. After a disastrous start Waterford led by 3-6 to 1-8 at the interval. The second-half saw Joe Harney and Austin Flynn excelling in defence, so much so that Kilkenny only scored two points from Eddie Keher over the course of the thirty minutes. Waterford, on the other hand, forged ahead with Walsh and Cheasty excelling. After 120 minutes of hurling played out in front of an aggregate attendance of 150,000 Waterford took their second All-Ireland title by 3-12 to 1-10.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 50], "section_span": [52, 84], "content_span": [85, 650]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076829-0007-0000", "contents": "1959 All-Ireland Senior Hurling Championship Final, TV coverage\nThe match was recorded by the BBC and highlights where shown  in Sportsview on BBC television on the Wednesday following the final. The commentary was done by Kenneth Wolstenholme who is famous for the words \u201csome people are on the pitch, they think its all over, it is now\u201d at the end of the 1966 Association Football World Cup Final.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 50], "section_span": [52, 63], "content_span": [64, 399]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076830-0000-0000", "contents": "1959 All-Pacific Coast football team\nThe 1959 All-Pacific Coast football team consists of American football players chosen by various organizations for All-Pacific Coast teams for the 1959 NCAA University Division football season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [36, 36], "content_span": [37, 230]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076830-0001-0000", "contents": "1959 All-Pacific Coast football team, Key\nAP = Associated Press, selections made by AP writers on the West Coast", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 41], "content_span": [42, 112]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076831-0000-0000", "contents": "1959 All-Pro Team\nSelectors of All-Pros for the 1959 National Football League season included the Associated Press (AP), United Press International (UPI), New York Daily News (NYDN), Newspaper Enterprise Association (NEA), and The Sporting News (SN).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [17, 17], "content_span": [18, 250]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076832-0000-0000", "contents": "1959 All-SEC football team\nThe 1959 All-SEC football team consists of American football players selected to the All-Southeastern Conference (SEC) chosen by various selectors for the 1959 NCAA University Division football season. Billy Cannon won the Heisman.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [26, 26], "content_span": [27, 258]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076832-0001-0000", "contents": "1959 All-SEC football team, Key\nBold = Consensus first-team selection by both AP and UPI", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [28, 31], "content_span": [32, 88]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076833-0000-0000", "contents": "1959 All-Southwest Conference football team\nThe 1959 All-Southwest Conference football team consists of American football players chosen by various organizations for All-Southwest Conference teams for the 1959 NCAA University Division football season. The selectors for the 1959 season included the Associated Press (AP) and the United Press (UP). Players selected as first-team players by both the AP and UP are designated in bold.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 43], "section_span": [43, 43], "content_span": [44, 432]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076833-0001-0000", "contents": "1959 All-Southwest Conference football team, Key\nBold = Consensus first-team selection of both the AP and UP", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 43], "section_span": [45, 48], "content_span": [49, 108]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076834-0000-0000", "contents": "1959 Allan Cup\nThe 1959 Allan Cup was the Canadian national senior ice hockey championship for the 1958-59 Senior \"A\" season. The event was hosted by the Whitby Dunlops and Toronto, Ontario. The 1959 playoff marked the 51st time that the Allan Cup has been awarded.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [14, 14], "content_span": [15, 265]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076835-0000-0000", "contents": "1959 Allsvenskan, Overview\nThe league was contested by 12 teams, with Djurg\u00e5rdens IF winning the championship.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 16], "section_span": [18, 26], "content_span": [27, 110]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076836-0000-0000", "contents": "1959 Argentine Primera Divisi\u00f3n\nThe 1959 Argentine Primera Divisi\u00f3n was the 68th season of top-flight football in Argentina. The season began on May 3 and ended on November 20. From this season, the AFA allowed substitutions for the first time, but only for an injured goalkeeper. It was the referee who had to check out the injury before allowing the substitution.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [31, 31], "content_span": [32, 365]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076836-0001-0000", "contents": "1959 Argentine Primera Divisi\u00f3n\nSan Lorenzo de Almagro achieved its 7th title, also qualifying for the first edition of Copa Libertadores, the international competition organised by CONMEBOL after Copa Aldao has been discontinued since 1955. Central C\u00f3rdoba (R) was relegated to Primera B.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [31, 31], "content_span": [32, 289]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076837-0000-0000", "contents": "1959 Arizona State Sun Devils football team\nThe 1959 Arizona State Sun Devils football team was an American football team that represented Arizona State University in the Border Conference during the 1959 NCAA University Division football season. In their second season under head coach Frank Kush, the Sun Devils compiled a 10\u20131 record (5\u20130 against Border opponents), won the conferenceb championship and outscored their opponents by a combined total of 272 to 151.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 43], "section_span": [43, 43], "content_span": [44, 466]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076837-0001-0000", "contents": "1959 Arizona State Sun Devils football team\nThe team's statistical leaders included Frank Urban with 536 passing yards, Nolan Jones with 689 rushing yards, and Bob Rembert with 232 receiving yards.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 43], "section_span": [43, 43], "content_span": [44, 197]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076838-0000-0000", "contents": "1959 Arizona State\u2013Flagstaff Lumberjacks football team\nThe 1959 Arizona State\u2013Flagstaff Lumberjacks football team was an American football team that represented Arizona State College at Flagstaff (now known as Northern Arizona University) in the Frontier Conference during the 1959 NAIA football season. In their fourth year under head coach Max Spilsbury, the Lumberjacks compiled a 6\u20132\u20131 record, won the Frontier Conference championship, and were outscored by a total of 142 to 135.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 54], "section_span": [54, 54], "content_span": [55, 484]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076838-0001-0000", "contents": "1959 Arizona State\u2013Flagstaff Lumberjacks football team\nThe team played its home games at Lumberjack Stadium in Flagstaff, Arizona.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 54], "section_span": [54, 54], "content_span": [55, 130]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076839-0000-0000", "contents": "1959 Arizona Wildcats baseball team\nThe 1959 Arizona Wildcats baseball team represented the University of Arizona in the 1959 NCAA University Division baseball season. The Wildcats played their home games at UA Field and Hi Corbett Field in Tucson, Arizona. The team was coached by Frank Sancet in his ninth season at Arizona.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [35, 35], "content_span": [36, 326]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076839-0001-0000", "contents": "1959 Arizona Wildcats baseball team\nThe Wildcats reached the College World Series, finishing as the runner up to Oklahoma State.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [35, 35], "content_span": [36, 128]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076840-0000-0000", "contents": "1959 Arizona Wildcats football team\nThe 1959 Arizona Wildcats football team represented the University of Arizona in the Border Conference during the 1959 NCAA University Division football season. In their first season under head coach Jim LaRue, the Wildcats compiled a 4\u20136 record (2\u20131 against Border opponents) and were outscored by their opponents, 211 to 118. The team captains were Gary Cropper and Jim Geist. The team played its home games in Arizona Stadium in Tucson, Arizona.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [35, 35], "content_span": [36, 484]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076840-0001-0000", "contents": "1959 Arizona Wildcats football team\nThe team's statistical leaders included Eddie Wilson with 476 passing yards, Warren Livingston with 380 rushing yards, and Willie Peete with 173 receiving yards.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [35, 35], "content_span": [36, 197]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076841-0000-0000", "contents": "1959 Arkansas Razorbacks football team\nThe 1959 Arkansas Razorbacks football team represented the University of Arkansas in the Southwest Conference (SWC) during the 1959 NCAA University Division football season. In their second year under head coach Frank Broyles, the Razorbacks compiled a 9\u20132 record (5\u20131 against SWC opponents), finished in a tie with Texas for the SWC championship, and outscored all opponents by a combined total of 163 to 101. The Razorbacks' only losses came against Texas by a 13\u201312 score and to Mississippi by a 28\u20130 score.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [38, 38], "content_span": [39, 549]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076841-0000-0001", "contents": "1959 Arkansas Razorbacks football team\nThe team was ranked #9 in both the final AP Poll and the final UPI Coaches Poll and went on to defeat Georgia Tech in the 1960 Gator Bowl by a 14\u20137 score. Halfback Jim Mooty was selected by the Associated Press as a first-team player on the 1959 All-America Team.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [38, 38], "content_span": [39, 302]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076842-0000-0000", "contents": "1959 Arlington State Rebels football team\nThe 1959 Arlington State Rebels football team was an American football team that represented Arlington State College (now known as the University of Texas at Arlington) as an independent during the 1959 NCAA College Division football season. In their seventh year under head coach Chena Gilstrap, the team compiled a 4\u20133 record. In April 1959 the Texas legislature approved the transition of Arlington State from a two-year junior college, to a four-year senior college. As such, 1959 marked the first season the Rebels competed as an NCAA College Division independent.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 41], "section_span": [41, 41], "content_span": [42, 611]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076843-0000-0000", "contents": "1959 Army Cadets football team\nThe 1959 Army Cadets football team represented the United States Military Academy in the 1959 NCAA University Division football season. In their first year under head coach Dale Hall, the Cadets compiled a 4\u20134\u20131 record and outscored all opponents by a combined total of 174 to 141. In the annual Army\u2013Navy Game, the Cadets lost 43\u201312 to the Midshipmen. The Cadets also lost to Illinois, Penn State, and Oklahoma.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [30, 30], "content_span": [31, 443]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076843-0001-0000", "contents": "1959 Army Cadets football team\nArmy end Bill Carpenter was a consensus first-team player on the 1959 College Football All-America Team.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [30, 30], "content_span": [31, 135]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076844-0000-0000", "contents": "1959 Asian Baseball Championship\nThe 1959 Asian Baseball Championship was the third continental tournament held by the Baseball Federation of Asia. The tournament was held in Tokyo, Japan for the first time. It was the second time Japan had won the tournament, and was the second of what would be three consecutive Asian Championship wins in a row. South Korea (2nd), Taiwan (3rd) and Philippines (4th) were the other participants.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [32, 32], "content_span": [33, 431]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076845-0000-0000", "contents": "1959 Atlantic hurricane season\nThe 1959 Atlantic hurricane season had a then record-tying number of tropical cyclones \u2013 five \u2013 develop before August\u00a01. The season was officially to begin on June\u00a015, 1959 and last until November\u00a015, 1959, the period of each year when most tropical cyclones form in the Atlantic basin, however in actuality the season began early when Tropical Storm Arlene formed on May\u00a028. Tropical Storm Arlene struck Louisiana and brought minor flooding to the Gulf Coast of the United States.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [30, 30], "content_span": [31, 512]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076845-0000-0001", "contents": "1959 Atlantic hurricane season\nThe next storm, Beulah, formed in the western Gulf of Mexico and brought negligible impact to Mexico and Texas. Later in June, an unnamed hurricane, nicknamed the Escuminac disaster, caused minor damage in Florida and devastated coastal Nova Scotia and New Brunswick, after becoming extratropical. Hurricane Cindy brought minor impact to The Carolinas. In late July, Hurricane Debra produced flooding in the state of Texas. Tropical Storm Edith in August and Hurricane Flora in September caused negligible impact on land.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [30, 30], "content_span": [31, 552]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076845-0001-0000", "contents": "1959 Atlantic hurricane season\nThe most significant storm of the season was Hurricane Gracie, which peaked as a 140\u00a0mph (220\u00a0km/h) Category\u00a04 hurricane on the Saffir\u2013Simpson hurricane wind scale. After weakening slightly, Gracie made landfall as a 130\u00a0mph (215\u00a0km/h) Category\u00a04 hurricane in South Carolina on September\u00a029. It brought strong winds, rough seas, heavy rainfall, and tornadoes to the state, as well as North Carolina and Virginia. Overall, Gracie caused 22\u00a0fatalities and $14\u00a0million in damage. Following Hurricane Gracie was Hurricane Hannah, a long-lived storm that did not cause any known impact on land. The last two tropical cyclones, Tropical Storm Irene and Hurricane Judith, both caused minor coastal and inland flooding in Florida. The storms of the 1959 Atlantic hurricane season were collectively attributed to $24\u00a0million (1959\u00a0USD) and 64\u00a0fatalities.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [30, 30], "content_span": [31, 876]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076845-0002-0000", "contents": "1959 Atlantic hurricane season, Season summary\nThe 1959 Atlantic hurricane season officially began on June\u00a015, 1959, and it ended on November\u00a015, 1959. Eleven tropical depressions developed during the season. All eleven of the depressions attained tropical storm status, which was slightly above the 1950\u20132000 average of 9.6\u00a0named storms. Of the eleven systems, seven of them attained hurricane status, which was also slightly above the average of 5.9. Furthermore, two storms reached major hurricane status \u2013 Category 3 or greater on the Saffir-Simpson scale. Collectively, the tropical cyclones of the 1959 Atlantic hurricane season caused 64\u00a0fatalities and about $24\u00a0million (1959 USD) in damage.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 46], "content_span": [47, 699]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076845-0003-0000", "contents": "1959 Atlantic hurricane season, Season summary\nSeason activity began with the development of Tropical Storm Arlene on May\u00a028. In the month of June, Tropical Storm Beulah and an unnamed hurricane formed, the latter becoming a hurricane on June\u00a019. Another pair of hurricanes, Cindy and Debra, formed in the month of July. The five tropical storms in total that formed in May, June, and July made the 1959 season one of the most active before August\u00a01, tied with 1887, 1933, 1936, 1966, 1995, and 1997.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 46], "content_span": [47, 500]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076845-0003-0001", "contents": "1959 Atlantic hurricane season, Season summary\nThe record was later surpassed in 2005 when seven named storms formed before August\u00a01, and again in the 2020 season, which saw the development of nine tropical storms prior to the month of August. However, tropical cyclogenesis slowed down in August, with only Tropical Storm Edith forming during the month. Next, three tropical cyclones formed in September \u2013 Flora, Gracie, and Hannah \u2013 all of which attained hurricane status. Furthermore, in October, Tropical Storm Irene and Hurricane Judith, the 1959 season's final storm, developed. The latter storm dissipated on October\u00a021, almost a month before the official end of the season on November\u00a015.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 46], "content_span": [47, 696]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076845-0004-0000", "contents": "1959 Atlantic hurricane season, Season summary\nThe season's activity was reflected with an accumulated cyclone energy (ACE) rating of 77, which is slightly below the 1950\u20132000\u00a0average of 94.7. ACE is, broadly speaking, a measure of the power of the hurricane multiplied by the length of time it existed, so storms that last a long time, as well as particularly strong hurricanes, have high ACEs. It is only calculated for full advisories on tropical systems at or exceeding 39\u00a0mph (63\u00a0km/h), which is the threshold for tropical storm status.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 46], "content_span": [47, 541]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076845-0005-0000", "contents": "1959 Atlantic hurricane season, Systems, Tropical Storm Arlene\nA tropical wave developed into the first tropical depression of the season on May\u00a028, while located in the southeastern Gulf of Mexico. The depression strengthened and, early on the following day, was upgraded to Tropical Storm Arlene. The storm slowly intensified and reached its peak intensity of 65\u00a0mph (100\u00a0km/h) on May\u00a029. Rapid weakening took place as the storm approached land. By late on May\u00a030, Arlene made landfall near Lafayette, Louisiana with winds of 45\u00a0mph (75\u00a0km/h). Early on the following day the storm weakened to a tropical depression while barely inland. The system eventually curved east-northeastward and meandered across the Southern United States until dissipating over South Carolina on June\u00a02.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 62], "content_span": [63, 782]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076845-0006-0000", "contents": "1959 Atlantic hurricane season, Systems, Tropical Storm Arlene\nIn Louisiana, a state maximum rainfall of 13.13\u00a0in (334\u00a0mm) fell in Houma. As a result, a few towns along the coast reported downed trees and electrical lines from high winds, which caused scattered power outages. In New Orleans, several roads were shut down due to inundation. Additionally, at least 100\u00a0homes within the city were flooded. In Baton Rouge, dozens of people were evacuated from a flooded home via ambulance and wagon to safer areas. Overall, damage was light, reaching $500,000. One death was related to Arlene; a man drowned in rough surf off the coast of Galveston, Texas. After storm dissipated over the Southeastern United States, the extratropical remnants of Arlene brought moderate rainfall to parts of the Mid-Atlantic States and New England.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 62], "content_span": [63, 829]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076845-0007-0000", "contents": "1959 Atlantic hurricane season, Systems, Tropical Storm Beulah\nA cold front became stationary as it began to move across the Gulf of Mexico on June\u00a013. After the SS Hondo reported winds of 60\u00a0mph (95\u00a0km/h), it is estimated that a tropical depression developed at 1800\u00a0UTC on June\u00a015, while located in the southwestern Gulf of Mexico. By June\u00a016, the depression strengthened into Tropical Storm Beulah. Further deepening occurred and the storm peaked with winds of 70\u00a0mph (110\u00a0km/h) on June\u00a017. As Beulah neared the Gulf Coast of Mexico, a building ridge of high pressure forced the storm southward.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 62], "content_span": [63, 598]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076845-0007-0001", "contents": "1959 Atlantic hurricane season, Systems, Tropical Storm Beulah\nIt then began to encounter stronger upper level winds and weakened to a tropical depression on June\u00a018. Shortly thereafter, the storm dissipated about 20 miles (32\u00a0km) northeast of Tuxpan, Veracruz. Tides of 2 to 3 feet (0.61 to 0.91\u00a0m) above normal occurred along the Texas coast, though no impact was reported in Mexico.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 62], "content_span": [63, 385]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076845-0008-0000", "contents": "1959 Atlantic hurricane season, Systems, Hurricane Three\nA tropical wave developed into a tropical depression while situated in the central Gulf of Mexico on June\u00a018. It headed rapidly northeastward and made landfall near the Tampa Bay Area of Florida later that day. The storm dropped moderately heavy rainfall in Florida, which caused damage to crops. An F3 tornado near Miami and high tides on the west coast of the state also resulted in damage. Losses in Florida were around $1.7\u00a0million. Shortly thereafter, in entered the Atlantic Ocean and strengthened into a tropical storm later on June\u00a018. By the following day, it had strengthened into a hurricane; the storm simultaneously peaked with maximum sustained winds of 85\u00a0mph (135\u00a0km/h).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 56], "content_span": [57, 743]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076845-0009-0000", "contents": "1959 Atlantic hurricane season, Systems, Hurricane Three\nThe storm transitioned into an extratropical cyclone on June\u00a019. The remnants struck Atlantic Canada, once in Nova Scotia and again in Newfoundland before dissipating on June\u00a021. After becoming extratropical, the storm caused significant effects in Atlantic Canada. About 45\u00a0boats were in the Northumberland Strait between New Brunswick and Prince Edward Island, and they did not have radio to receive warning of the approaching storm. Rough seas of up to 49\u00a0ft (15\u00a0m) in height damaged or destroyed many boats. At least 22\u00a0fishing boats capsized over water with their crew, causing 35\u00a0deaths.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 56], "content_span": [57, 650]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076845-0009-0001", "contents": "1959 Atlantic hurricane season, Systems, Hurricane Three\nHigh winds also disrupted communications in some areas, and several houses were damaged, with losses reaching about $781,000. The New Brunswick Fishermen's Disaster Fund was created to assist victims. The fund raised $400,000 in a few months from donations from throughout Canada, as well as Pope John XXIII and Queen Elizabeth II, the latter of whom was on a tour of the country at the time.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 56], "content_span": [57, 449]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076845-0010-0000", "contents": "1959 Atlantic hurricane season, Systems, Hurricane Cindy\nA low-pressure area associated with a cold front developed into a tropical depression on July\u00a05, while located east of Florida. Tracking north-northeastward, it strengthened into Tropical Storm Cindy by the next day. Cindy turned westward because of a high-pressure area positioned to its north, and further intensified into a hurricane offshore the Carolinas on July\u00a08. Cindy made landfall near McClellanville, South Carolina early on July\u00a09, and re-curved to the northeast along the Fall Line as a tropical depression. It re-emerged into the Atlantic on July\u00a010 and quickly restrengthened into a tropical storm. On July\u00a011, Cindy passed over Cape Cod, while several other weather systems helped the storm maintain its intensity. Cindy transitioned into an extratropical cyclone on July\u00a012 while approaching Atlantic Canada.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 56], "content_span": [57, 882]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076845-0011-0000", "contents": "1959 Atlantic hurricane season, Systems, Hurricane Cindy\nOverall structural damage from Cindy was minimal. One driver was killed in Georgetown, South Carolina after colliding with a fallen tree, and five deaths were caused by poor road conditions wrought by the storm in New England. Many areas experienced heavy rains, and several thousand people evacuated. Damage was mainly confined to broken tree limbs, shattered windows and power outages. Cindy brought a total of eleven tornadoes with it, of which two caused minor damage in North Carolina. The heaviest rainfall occurred in northern South Carolina, where rainfall amounted to 9.79 inches (249\u00a0mm).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 56], "content_span": [57, 655]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076845-0011-0001", "contents": "1959 Atlantic hurricane season, Systems, Hurricane Cindy\nTides ranged from 1 to 4 feet (0.30 to 1.22\u00a0m) above normal along the coast. As drought-like conditions were present in The Carolinas at the time, the rain that fell in the area was beneficial. After becoming extratropical over Atlantic Canada, the cyclone produced heavy rains and strong winds that sunk one ship. Damage caused by Cindy was estimated at $75,000.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 56], "content_span": [57, 420]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076845-0012-0000", "contents": "1959 Atlantic hurricane season, Systems, Hurricane Debra\nOn July\u00a023, interaction of a cold-core low and a tropical wave spawned a tropical depression located south of Louisiana. The depression meandered westward while steadily intensifying, becoming a Tropical Storm on July\u00a024. A turn towards the northwest became evident as it attained Category\u00a01 hurricane status on the Saffir\u2013Simpson Hurricane Scale on the following day. Strength was maintained as the hurricane curved northward at a slow forward speed, and it approached the coast of Texas as a minimal hurricane. Debra made landfall between Freeport and Galveston, Texas early on July\u00a025. Debra rapidly weakened into a tropical storm and later a depression as it moved inland, and it dissipated on July\u00a028. The remnant moisture later sparked upper-level thunderstorms in late July and early August.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 56], "content_span": [57, 855]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076845-0013-0000", "contents": "1959 Atlantic hurricane season, Systems, Hurricane Debra\nTorrential rains were produced in southeastern Texas, peaking at 15.89 inches (404\u00a0mm) in Orange. This led to widespread flooding on highways, including portions of Farm Road 518, Highway 6, Highway 146, and U.S. Route 75. Sea vessels took the brunt of the storm, with many becoming stranded or damaged. Air, rail, and road transportation were significantly interrupted or even shut down. High winds from the storm caused expansive damage to buildings, windows, signs, and roofs. The hurricane resulted in 11\u00a0injuries but no human deaths, although approximately 90\u00a0cattle drowned. Damage in Brazoria, Galveston, and Harris counties surmounted $6.685\u00a0million. Additionally, impact in other areas increased the total losses to $7\u00a0million.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 56], "content_span": [57, 793]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076845-0014-0000", "contents": "1959 Atlantic hurricane season, Systems, Tropical Storm Six\nA weakening cold front spawned a tropical depression on August\u00a02 near the Outer Banks of North Carolina. The structure was broad, possibly akin to a subtropical cyclone. The storm quickly intensified based on ship reports, possibly to hurricane intensity, although the maximum sustained winds were estimated at 70\u00a0mph (110\u00a0km/h). An approaching frontal boundary caused the storm to accelerate northeastward, while also bringing drier air into the windfield, causing weakening. On August\u00a04, the storm transitioned into an extratropical cyclone, and for two days drifted toward Atlantic Canada before dissipating. The storm was added to the Atlantic hurricane database in 2016.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 59], "content_span": [60, 735]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076845-0015-0000", "contents": "1959 Atlantic hurricane season, Systems, Tropical Storm Edith\nA tropical wave was tracked east of the Lesser Antilles in mid-August. At 1530\u00a0UTC on August\u00a017, a reconnaissance aircraft reported a weak center and winds of 35\u00a0mph (55\u00a0km/h). Less than three hours later, a tropical depression developed while located east of the Windward Islands. The depression strengthened into Tropical Storm Edith early on August\u00a018. The storm moved west-northwestward at a relatively quick pace, striking Dominica with winds peak winds of 60\u00a0mph (95\u00a0km/h) on August\u00a018. By 1800\u00a0UTC on August\u00a018, Edith peaked with winds of 60\u00a0mph (95\u00a0km/h).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 61], "content_span": [62, 625]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076845-0015-0001", "contents": "1959 Atlantic hurricane season, Systems, Tropical Storm Edith\nIt curved westward and accelerated on August\u00a019. Edith weakened to a tropical depression at 1200\u00a0UTC, hours before dissipating near the southern tip of Dominican Republic. There was \"considerable doubt\" if a circulation ever existed. Squally weather and gusty winds were reported in some areas, including Guadeloupe, the Virgin Islands, Puerto Rico, and Hispaniola.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 61], "content_span": [62, 427]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076845-0016-0000", "contents": "1959 Atlantic hurricane season, Systems, Tropical Storm Eight\nA dissipating cold front spawned a low pressure over the central Atlantic Ocean on August\u00a026. Moving slowly northward, the system organized into a tropical storm on August\u00a028, and a day later, an approaching cold front turned the storm to the east-northeast. Based on ship observations, it is estimated that the storm reached peak winds of 65\u00a0mph (100\u00a0km/h) on August\u00a031. By September\u00a03, the storm transitioned into an extratropical cyclone as it interacted with the cold front, located halfway between Newfoundland and the Azores. A day later, the storm was absorbed by a larger extratropical storm southwest of Iceland. The storm was added to the Atlantic hurricane database in 2016.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 61], "content_span": [62, 747]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076845-0017-0000", "contents": "1959 Atlantic hurricane season, Systems, Tropical Storm Nine\nOn September\u00a06, a broad low pressure area developed between the Bahamas and Bermuda. The system moved northward, organizing into a tropical storm on September\u00a09. The system had a large wind field, and was likely a subtropical cyclone. Moving northwestward at first, the storm turned to the northeast ahead of a cold front, with sustained winds of around 45\u00a0mph (75\u00a0km/h). Nantucket island in Massachusetts reported sustained winds of 39\u00a0mph (63\u00a0km/h) during the storm's passage. On September\u00a011, the storm interacted with the cold front, becoming an extratropical storm, which lasted until September\u00a014. The storm was added to the Atlantic hurricane database in 2016.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 60], "content_span": [61, 728]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076845-0018-0000", "contents": "1959 Atlantic hurricane season, Systems, Hurricane Flora\nA tropical wave passed through the islands of Cape Verde on September\u00a06 and tracked westward at about 19\u00a0mph (31\u00a0km/h). Early on September\u00a09, a tropical depression developed while located about midway between Cape Verde and the Lesser Antilles. The depression moved northeastward and by September\u00a010 it strengthened into Tropical Storm Flora. A reconnaissance aircraft flight into the storm on September\u00a011 recorded winds of 75\u00a0mph (120\u00a0km/h); thus, Flora became a hurricane.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 56], "content_span": [57, 532]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076845-0018-0001", "contents": "1959 Atlantic hurricane season, Systems, Hurricane Flora\nAround the time, the storm attained its peak intensity with maximum sustained winds of the same velocity and a minimum barometric pressure of 994\u00a0mbar (29.4\u00a0inHg). Flora then accelerated northeastward toward the Azores. During another reconnaissance flight on September\u00a012, no evidence of a tropical cyclone was reported. Thus, Flora became extratropical at 1200\u00a0UTC that day.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 56], "content_span": [57, 433]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076845-0019-0000", "contents": "1959 Atlantic hurricane season, Systems, Hurricane Gracie\nA tropical wave spawned a tropical depression north of Hispaniola on September\u00a020. The depression remained offshore the island and moved west-northwestward. By September\u00a022, it curved northeastward and became Tropical Storm Gracie. The storm then moved through The Bahamas, producing 8.4 inches (210\u00a0mm) on Mayaguana. Later on September\u00a022 Gracie intensified into a hurricane. It deepened further to a Category\u00a02, on September\u00a023, before weakening later that day. Gracie then meandered slowly and erratically while northeast of The Bahamas, before curving northwestward on September\u00a027. It became a Category\u00a02 hurricane again by September\u00a028.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 57], "content_span": [58, 700]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076845-0019-0001", "contents": "1959 Atlantic hurricane season, Systems, Hurricane Gracie\nDuring the next 24\u00a0hours, Gracie deepened significantly and peaked as a 140\u00a0mph (220\u00a0km/h) Category\u00a04 hurricane. However, it weakened slightly to a 130\u00a0mph (215\u00a0km/h) Category\u00a04 hurricane before making landfall on Edisto Island, South Carolina, at 1625\u00a0UTC on September\u00a029. Gracie was the one of the strongest tropical cyclones to strike South Carolina until Hurricane Hugo in 1989. It rapidly weakened inland, becoming extratropical on September\u00a030.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 57], "content_span": [58, 508]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076845-0020-0000", "contents": "1959 Atlantic hurricane season, Systems, Hurricane Gracie\nAlong the coast of South Carolina, the highest tide recorded was 9.7 feet (3.0\u00a0m) above mean low water at Charleston Harbor. On Folly Beach, all waterfront houses sustained some damage, while roads on the east side of the island were washed away. Gracie brought wind gusts as high as 138\u00a0mph (222\u00a0km/h) to the Beaufort area. Inland, 100\u00a0mph (155\u00a0km/h) winds lashed Walterboro. As much as 75% of Charleston County was left without electricity. Farther north, a F1 tornado damaged homes in Garden City.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 57], "content_span": [58, 558]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076845-0020-0001", "contents": "1959 Atlantic hurricane season, Systems, Hurricane Gracie\nThroughout the South Carolina Lowcountry, 48\u00a0homes were destroyed, 349\u00a0homes suffered major damage, and 4,115\u00a0homes suffered minor damage. The remnants dropped rainfall and spawned tornadoes in several other states as it headed northeastward across the Mid-Atlantic and New England regions. In Virginia, three F3 tornadoes in Albemarle, Greene, and Fluvanna counties collectively caused 12\u00a0fatalities and 13\u00a0injuries. Precipitation from the storm peaked at 13.2 inches (340\u00a0mm) in Big Meadows. Overall, Gracie caused 22\u00a0deaths and $14\u00a0million in damage.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 57], "content_span": [58, 611]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076845-0021-0000", "contents": "1959 Atlantic hurricane season, Systems, Hurricane Hannah\nAfter ships reported a low-level circulation, it was estimated that a tropical depression developed at 26.8\u00b0N, 49.9\u00b0W on September\u00a027. Early on the following day, the depression strengthened into Tropical Storm Hannah. Reconnaissance aircraft flew into the storm late on September\u00a028 and indicated that Hannah intensified into a Category\u00a01 hurricane. Hannah moved generally westward at about 16\u00a0mph (26\u00a0km/h). By September\u00a030, the storm became a Category\u00a02 hurricane, and it curved northwestward later that day.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 57], "content_span": [58, 569]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076845-0021-0001", "contents": "1959 Atlantic hurricane season, Systems, Hurricane Hannah\nHannah deepened to a Category\u00a03 hurricane on October\u00a01, hours before the storm reached its peak intensity with maximum sustained winds of 120\u00a0mph (195\u00a0km/h) and a minimum barometric pressure of 959\u00a0mbar (28.3\u00a0inHg). The storm maintained this intensity for about 48\u00a0hours and curved northeastward on October\u00a02.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 57], "content_span": [58, 367]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076845-0022-0000", "contents": "1959 Atlantic hurricane season, Systems, Hurricane Hannah\nHannah began to a weaken late on October\u00a03. By the following day, the storm fell to Category\u00a02 hurricane intensity. It accelerated eastward or east-southeastward across the central Atlantic, starting on October\u00a04. Hannah re-strengthened slightly to a 110\u00a0mph (175\u00a0km/h) Category\u00a02 hurricane on October\u00a05, but then slowly began weakening again. The final advisory on the storm was issued early on October\u00a07, while it was centered about 200 miles (320\u00a0km) south-southwest of the Azores, however Hannah remained a tropical cyclone and crossed through the Azores later that day. No impact was reported in the islands. It weakened to a Category\u00a01 hurricane early on October\u00a08, and transitioned into an extratropical cyclone over the far northeastern Atlantic several hours later.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 57], "content_span": [58, 832]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076845-0023-0000", "contents": "1959 Atlantic hurricane season, Systems, Tropical Storm Irene\nIn early October, a cold front drifted through Texas and entered the Gulf of Mexico. On October 5 the front dissipated while a related trough persisted. Upper-level air temperatures were generally warm, and a minimal anticyclone was situated over the Gulf. At this time, a Colorado low drew polar air into the Mississippi Valley, suggesting extratropical characteristics of the developing system. A tropical depression formed on October 6; it meandered in a north-northeasterly direction for the next two days.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 61], "content_span": [62, 572]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076845-0023-0001", "contents": "1959 Atlantic hurricane season, Systems, Tropical Storm Irene\nThe storm intensified into Tropical Storm Irene around 1800\u00a0UTC on October\u00a07. Around this time, a Hurricane Hunters flight indicated that the circulation was indistinct, although it was gradually evolving. On October\u00a08, Irene made landfall near Pensacola, Florida, as a well-organized tropical storm. The storm rapidly weakened to a tropical depression, before dissipating early on October 9.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 61], "content_span": [62, 454]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076845-0024-0000", "contents": "1959 Atlantic hurricane season, Systems, Tropical Storm Irene\nThe highest tides, 4.4\u00a0ft (1.3\u00a0m) above normal, were reported at Cedar Key, Florida, while the strongest gust recorded, 55\u00a0mph (89\u00a0km/h), was measured at Pensacola International Airport. Heavy rainfall from Irene spread across much of the Southern United States, peaking at 10.96 inches (278\u00a0mm) in Neels Gap, Georgia. In Florida, flooding from rainfall associated with Irene caused damage around the Lake Okeechobee area. Losses in Florida was limited to uncollected crops, mainly peanuts and corn, that were in bales in the process of being dried.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 61], "content_span": [62, 611]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076845-0024-0001", "contents": "1959 Atlantic hurricane season, Systems, Tropical Storm Irene\nSeveral roads were flooded along the coast at Shalimar near Fort Walton Beach. The winds downed trees and a telephone pole, causing a short power outage in Ocean City. Red tides were ongoing in western Florida; winds from the storm's precursor blew thousands of dead fish ashore. Local residents complained that the odor from the rotting fish were unbearable.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 61], "content_span": [62, 421]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076845-0025-0000", "contents": "1959 Atlantic hurricane season, Systems, Hurricane Judith\nA tropical wave developed into Tropical Storm Judith on October\u00a017, near the Yucat\u00e1n Channel. It strengthened quickly, and by early on October\u00a018 the storm was upgraded to a Category\u00a01 hurricane. However six hours later Judith had weakened back to a tropical storm. Around 1800\u00a0UTC on October\u00a018 the storm made landfall near Boca Grande, Florida, with winds of 50\u00a0mph (85\u00a0km/h). After emerging into the Atlantic Ocean on the following day, Judith began re-strengthening while heading east-northeastward, reaching hurricane status several hours later. It peaked with winds of 80\u00a0mph (130\u00a0km/h) early on October\u00a020, before weakening back to a tropical storm again on October\u00a021. Judith weakened further, before transitioning into an extratropical cyclone later that day.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 57], "content_span": [58, 826]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076845-0026-0000", "contents": "1959 Atlantic hurricane season, Systems, Hurricane Judith\nImpact from Judith was generally minor and limited mostly to Southwest Florida. Wind gusts up to 56\u00a0mph (90\u00a0km/h) toppled several trees on Sanibel Island and a few power poles; a man was injured when his car struck a fallen pole. Rough seas caused erosion on Captiva Island and in Fort Myers, while also inundating several roads in the area. A combination of locally heavy rainfall and tides caused minor flooding in low-lying areas. Precipitation from the storm peaked at 7.90 inches (201\u00a0mm) in Miles City. The Imperial River overflowed near Bonita Springs, flooding pasture lands and washing out crops, most of which were recently planted. A portion of U.S. Route 41 was inundated by up to 3 feet (0.91\u00a0m) of water in Bonita Springs.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 57], "content_span": [58, 794]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076845-0027-0000", "contents": "1959 Atlantic hurricane season, Storm names\nThe following names were used for named storms (tropical storms and hurricanes) that formed in the North Atlantic in 1959. With the exception of Edith, Flora and Irene, all names in this list were used for the first time in 1959. The names Gracie, Hannah and Judith were later removed from the list and were replaced with Ginny, Helena and Janice in 1963.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 43], "content_span": [44, 399]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076846-0000-0000", "contents": "1959 Auburn Tigers football team\nThe 1959 Auburn Tigers football team represented Auburn University in the 1959 NCAA University Division football season. It was the Tigers' 68th overall and 27th season as a member of the Southeastern Conference (SEC). The team was led by head coach Ralph Jordan, in his ninth year, and played their home games at Cliff Hare Stadium in Auburn and Legion Field in Birmingham, Alabama. They finished with a record of seven wins and three losses (7\u20133 overall, 4\u20133 in the SEC).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [32, 32], "content_span": [33, 506]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076847-0000-0000", "contents": "1959 Auckland City mayoral election\nThe 1959 Auckland City mayoral election was part of the New Zealand local elections held that same year. In 1959, elections were held for the Mayor of Auckland plus other local government positions including twenty-one city councillors. The polling was conducted using the standard first-past-the-post electoral method.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [35, 35], "content_span": [36, 355]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076847-0001-0000", "contents": "1959 Auckland City mayoral election, Background\nHigh profile councillor Dove-Myer Robinson defeated incumbent Mayor Keith Buttle of the Citizens & Ratepayers ticket, who had not been opposed by Robinson and his United Independent colleagues in the 1957 contest. Campaigning as \"Robbie\", Robinson campaigned on an independent and populist platform. He charged Buttle with lethargy and the Citizens & Ratepayers councillors as being out of touch with Aucklanders and taking power for granted.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 47], "content_span": [48, 490]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076847-0001-0001", "contents": "1959 Auckland City mayoral election, Background\nMedia coverage (both the Auckland Star and New Zealand Herald openly endorsing Buttle) cemented Robinson's image as an outsider battling the politics of vested interest, hallmarks that would define Robinson's style of campaigning and leadership for the rest of his life. The United Independents electoral ticket had merged with the Labour Party to campaign together under the Civic Reform banner and informally supported Robinson for the mayoralty.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 47], "content_span": [48, 496]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076848-0000-0000", "contents": "1959 Australian Championships\nThe 1959 Australian Championships was a tennis tournament that took place on outdoor Grass courts at the Memorial Drive, Adelaide, Australia from 16 January to 26 January. It was the 47th edition of the Australian Championships (now known as the Australian Open), the 12th held in Adelaide, and the first Grand Slam tournament of the year.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [29, 29], "content_span": [30, 369]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076848-0001-0000", "contents": "1959 Australian Championships, Champions, Men's Doubles\nRod Laver /  Robert Mark defeated  Don Candy /  Bob Howe 9\u20137, 6\u20134, 6\u20132", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 55], "content_span": [56, 126]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076848-0002-0000", "contents": "1959 Australian Championships, Champions, Women's Doubles\nSandra Reynolds /  Ren\u00e9e Schuurman defeated  Lorraine Coghlan /  Mary Reitano 7\u20135, 6\u20134", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 57], "content_span": [58, 144]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076848-0003-0000", "contents": "1959 Australian Championships, Champions, Mixed Doubles\nSandra Reynolds /  Bob Mark defeated  Ren\u00e9e Schuurman /  Rod Laver 4\u20136, 13\u201311, 6\u20131", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 55], "content_span": [56, 138]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076849-0000-0000", "contents": "1959 Australian Championships \u2013 Men's Singles\nSecond-seeded Alex Olmedo defeated Neale Fraser 6\u20131, 6\u20132, 3\u20136, 6\u20133 in the final to win the Men's Singles tennis title at the 1959 Australian Championships.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 45], "section_span": [45, 45], "content_span": [46, 201]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076849-0001-0000", "contents": "1959 Australian Championships \u2013 Men's Singles, Seeds\nThe seeded players are listed below. Alex Olmedo is the champion; others show the round in which they were eliminated.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 45], "section_span": [47, 52], "content_span": [53, 171]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076850-0000-0000", "contents": "1959 Australian Championships \u2013 Women's Singles\nFourth-seeded Mary Reitano defeated Ren\u00e9e Schuurman 6\u20132, 6\u20133 in the final to win the Women's Singles tennis title at the 1959 Australian Championships.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 47], "section_span": [47, 47], "content_span": [48, 199]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076850-0001-0000", "contents": "1959 Australian Championships \u2013 Women's Singles, Seeds\nThe seeded players are listed below. Mary Reitano is the champion; others show the round in which they were eliminated.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 47], "section_span": [49, 54], "content_span": [55, 174]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076851-0000-0000", "contents": "1959 Australian Drivers' Championship\nThe 1959 Australian Drivers Championship was a CAMS sanctioned motor racing title for drivers of Formula Libre cars. The championship winner was awarded the 1959 CAMS Gold Star.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [37, 37], "content_span": [38, 215]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076851-0001-0000", "contents": "1959 Australian Drivers' Championship\nThe series was won by Victorian racer Len Lukey driving his Cooper T45 Climax and in the opening round of the series his own much modified Cooper T23 which was known as the Lukey-Bristol. Lukey was one of only a few drivers who attempted to complete the gruelling twelve race schedule, the longest in ADC history. Lukey finished just two points ahead of his season long rival, Alec Mildren from the ACT (Cooper-Climax). Stan Jones was third in the championship, using four different cars over the course of the series. Race victories were shared around with Mildren taking three wins. Lukey, Jones and Bill Patterson each took two wins, with single victories going to Jack Brabham, Bib Stillwell and New Zealand Maserati 250F racer Ross Jensen.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [37, 37], "content_span": [38, 782]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076851-0002-0000", "contents": "1959 Australian Drivers' Championship, Calendar\nThe title, which was the third Australian Drivers' Championship, was contested over a twelve race series.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [39, 47], "content_span": [48, 153]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076851-0003-0000", "contents": "1959 Australian Drivers' Championship, Points\nChampionship points were awarded on a 12-7-5-3-2-1 basis to the first six Australian drivers at each race, irrespective of actual race placings gained. Only the best nine race results could be retained by each driver.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [39, 45], "content_span": [46, 263]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076851-0004-0000", "contents": "1959 Australian Drivers' Championship, Points\nAs only Australian resident drivers were eligible, South Pacific Championship winner Jack Brabham and Bathurst 100 winner Ross Jensen were not awarded points towards the championship.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [39, 45], "content_span": [46, 229]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076852-0000-0000", "contents": "1959 Australian Grand Prix\nThe 1959 Australian Grand Prix was a Formula Libre motor race held at the Longford Circuit in Tasmania, Australia on 2 March 1959.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [26, 26], "content_span": [27, 157]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076852-0001-0000", "contents": "1959 Australian Grand Prix\nThe race, which had 13 starters, was the twenty fourth Australian Grand Prix and the third race of the 1959 Australian Drivers' Championship. Stan Jones won his only AGP, breaking through after years of trying with the Maybach series of specials to win in his Maserati 250F, in what would be the last Australian Grand Prix victory for a front-engined car.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [26, 26], "content_span": [27, 382]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076852-0002-0000", "contents": "1959 Australian Grand Prix\nThe grid for the Grand Prix was determined by race times set in two qualifying races on the Saturday prior to the main race. The first heat was won by Doug Whiteford from Arnold Glass and Bill Patterson. The second heat was won by Jones in a race time almost 20 seconds shorter than Whiteford's, giving him the pole position, from Len Lukey and Alec Mildren.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [26, 26], "content_span": [27, 385]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076853-0000-0000", "contents": "1959 Australian Labor Party leadership spill\nA leadership spill of the Australian Labor Party (ALP), then the opposition party in the Parliament of Australia, was held on 16 February 1959.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [44, 44], "content_span": [45, 188]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076853-0001-0000", "contents": "1959 Australian Labor Party leadership spill, Background\nSenior Labor left-winger Eddie Ward unsuccessfully challenged ALP leader H. V. Evatt following Evatt's third defeat at the polls in the 1958 election. Evatt was re-elected by a lower than expected margin of only 14 votes. The closeness of the ballot further highlighted the dissatisfaction with Evatt's leadership.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [46, 56], "content_span": [57, 371]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076853-0002-0000", "contents": "1959 Australian Labor Party leadership spill, Background\nAt the same caucus, Arthur Calwell was re-elected as deputy leader unopposed.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [46, 56], "content_span": [57, 134]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076854-0000-0000", "contents": "1959 Australian Tourist Trophy\nThe 1959 Australian Tourist Trophy was a motor race for sports cars staged at the Lowood circuit in Queensland, Australia on 14 June 1959. It was the third in a sequence of annual Australian Tourist Trophy races, each of these being recognised by the Confederation of Australian Motor Sport as the Australian Championship for sports cars. The race was won by Ron Phillips driving a Cooper T33 Jaguar.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [30, 30], "content_span": [31, 431]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076855-0000-0000", "contents": "1959 Austrian legislative election\nParliamentary elections were held in Austria on 10 May 1959. Although the Social Democratic Party received the most votes, the Austrian People's Party retained a bare one-seat plurality. The Communist Party of Austria lost its remaining three seats and has not returned to the National Council since. Voter turnout was 94.2%. The grand coalition that had governed the country since 1945 remained in office, with People's Party leader Julius Raab as Chancellor and Socialist leader Bruno Pittermann as Vice-Chancellor.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [34, 34], "content_span": [35, 552]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076856-0000-0000", "contents": "1959 BARC Aintree 200\nThe 14th BARC \"200\" was a motor race, run to Formula One rules, held on 18 April 1959 at the Aintree Circuit, England. The race was run over 67 laps of the circuit, and was won by French driver Jean Behra in a Ferrari Dino 246.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [21, 21], "content_span": [22, 249]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076856-0001-0000", "contents": "1959 BARC Aintree 200\nThe field also included many Formula Two cars, highest finisher being Bruce McLaren who took third place in a Cooper T45.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [21, 21], "content_span": [22, 143]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076856-0002-0000", "contents": "1959 BARC Aintree 200, Results\nNote: a blue background indicates a car running under Formula 2 regulations.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [23, 30], "content_span": [31, 107]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076857-0000-0000", "contents": "1959 BC Lions season\nThe 1959 BC Lions finished the season in third place in the W.I.F.U. with a 9\u20137 record and made the playoffs for the first time in franchise history. After hiring new coach Wayne Robinson and signing University of Iowa stars Randy Duncan (#1 overall pick in the NFL Draft) and Willie Fleming, the Lions were a much different team compared to the one a year before.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [20, 20], "content_span": [21, 385]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076857-0001-0000", "contents": "1959 BC Lions season\nThe battle for a playoff spot came down to the last game of the season against the Calgary Stampeders, with both clubs holding 8\u20137 records, the loser would be out of the playoffs. The Lions won the game 10\u20138 and secured the first playoff spot in franchise history as well as the first home playoff game (the first in a two-game series). The Lions season would come to an end in the combined 61\u201315 West semi-finals loss to Edmonton, but the foundation had been laid for future success.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [20, 20], "content_span": [21, 505]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076858-0000-0000", "contents": "1959 BRDC International Trophy\nThe 11th BRDC International Trophy was a motor race, run to Formula One rules, held on 2 May 1959 at the Silverstone Circuit, England. The race was run over 50 laps of the Grand Prix circuit, and was won by Australian driver Jack Brabham in a Cooper T51.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [30, 30], "content_span": [31, 285]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076858-0001-0000", "contents": "1959 BRDC International Trophy\nThe race marked the debut of Aston Martin's entry into Formula One motor racing. Both cars performed well, placing third and sixth in practice, and Roy Salvadori achieved fastest lap on his way to second place. However, their performance flattered to deceive, and they were never as competitive again.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [30, 30], "content_span": [31, 332]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076858-0002-0000", "contents": "1959 BRDC International Trophy\nThe field also included several Formula Two cars, highest finisher being Jim Russell in a Cooper T45.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [30, 30], "content_span": [31, 132]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076858-0003-0000", "contents": "1959 BRDC International Trophy, Results\nNote: a blue background indicates a car running under Formula 2 regulations.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 39], "content_span": [40, 116]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076859-0000-0000", "contents": "1959 BYU Cougars football team\nThe 1959 BYU Cougars football team was an American football team that represented Brigham Young University in the Skyline Conference during the 1959 NCAA University Division football season. In their first season under head coach Tally Stevens, the Cougars compiled a 3\u20137 record (2\u20135 against Skyline opponents), tied for fifth place in the Skyline, and were outscored by a total of 169 to 102.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [30, 30], "content_span": [31, 424]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076859-0001-0000", "contents": "1959 BYU Cougars football team\nThe team's statistical leaders included Gary Dunn with 223 passing yards, LeGrand Young with 423 rushing yards and 423 yards of total offense, Jack Gifford with 32 points, and Howard Ringwood with 130 receiving yards.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [30, 30], "content_span": [31, 248]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076860-0000-0000", "contents": "1959 Ball State Cardinals football team\nThe 1959 Ball State Cardinals football team was an American football team that represented Ball State Teachers College (later renamed Ball State University) in the Indiana Collegiate Conference (ICC) during the 1959 NCAA College Division football season. In its fourth season under head coach Jim Freeman, the team compiled a 1\u20137 record and finished in last place in the ICC.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [39, 39], "content_span": [40, 415]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076861-0000-0000", "contents": "1959 Ballon d'Or\nThe 1959 Ballon d'Or, given to the best football player in Europe as judged by a panel of sports journalists from UEFA member countries, was awarded to Alfredo Di St\u00e9fano on 15 December 1959. It was the second time that Di St\u00e9fano won the award.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 16], "section_span": [16, 16], "content_span": [17, 262]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076862-0000-0000", "contents": "1959 Baltimore Colts season\nThe 1959 Baltimore Colts season was the seventh season for the team in the National Football League. The defending champion Baltimore Colts finished the NFL's 40th season with a record of 9 wins and 3 losses and finished first in the Western Conference, and defeated the New York Giants, 31\u201316 in the NFL championship game, which was the rematch of the previous season's classic title game, for their second consecutive NFL title.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [27, 27], "content_span": [28, 458]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076862-0001-0000", "contents": "1959 Baltimore Colts season\nColts quarterback Johnny Unitas had one of the great seasons by a passer in NFL history. Says Cold Hard Football Facts, \"[Unitas's] 32 scoring strikes was an NFL record \u2013- he was the first and only to top 30 [touchdowns] in the NFL's first 40 years \u2013- and remains the standard for a 12-game season. He was in the midst of his record 47-game streak with a touchdown pass, and connected on at least one in every game of 1959.\"", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [27, 27], "content_span": [28, 452]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076862-0002-0000", "contents": "1959 Baltimore Colts season\nCold Hard Football Facts also notes that the 1959 Colts were the only team in NFL history to lead the league in both offensive and defensive (i.e. opponents') passer rating for two consecutive seasons (1958\u20131959). Every other team to had ever led the league in both has won an NFL championship.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [27, 27], "content_span": [28, 322]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076862-0003-0000", "contents": "1959 Baltimore Colts season\nThe Colts defeated the Green Bay Packers twice this season in Vince Lombardi's first year as head coach. Baltimore did not win the Western title again until 1964 and their next NFL title came in 1968.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [27, 27], "content_span": [28, 228]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076862-0004-0000", "contents": "1959 Baltimore Colts season, Regular season, Standings\nNote: Tie games were not officially counted in the standings until 1972.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 54], "content_span": [55, 127]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076862-0005-0000", "contents": "1959 Baltimore Colts season, Postseason\nThe 1959 NFL championship game was played on December 27 at Memorial Stadium in Baltimore, Maryland. The game was a rematch of the previous year's title game that went into overtime. The 1959 game was the 27th annual NFL championship game. The Colts beat the Giants 31\u201316, earning their second consecutive NFL championship over the Giants.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 39], "content_span": [40, 379]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076863-0000-0000", "contents": "1959 Baltimore Orioles season\nThe 1959 Baltimore Orioles season was the franchise's sixth season in Baltimore, Maryland, and its 59th overall. It resulted with the Orioles finishing sixth in the American League with a record of 74 wins and 80 losses, 22 games behind the AL champion Chicago White Sox.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [29, 29], "content_span": [30, 301]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076863-0001-0000", "contents": "1959 Baltimore Orioles season, Player stats, Batting, Starters by position\nNote: Pos = Position; G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 74], "content_span": [75, 199]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076863-0002-0000", "contents": "1959 Baltimore Orioles season, Player stats, Batting, Other batters\nNote: G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 67], "content_span": [68, 176]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076863-0003-0000", "contents": "1959 Baltimore Orioles season, Player stats, Pitching, Starting pitchers\nNote: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 72], "content_span": [73, 183]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076863-0004-0000", "contents": "1959 Baltimore Orioles season, Player stats, Pitching, Other pitchers\nNote: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 69], "content_span": [70, 180]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076863-0005-0000", "contents": "1959 Baltimore Orioles season, Player stats, Pitching, Relief pitchers\nNote: G = Games pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; SV = Saves; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 70], "content_span": [71, 171]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076864-0000-0000", "contents": "1959 Baltimore mayoral election\nThe 1959 Baltimore mayoral election saw the election of J. Harold Grady. Grady unseated incumbent mayor Thomas D'Alesandro Jr. in the Democratic primary, and went on to defeat former mayor and governor Theodore McKeldin in the general election.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [31, 31], "content_span": [32, 276]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076865-0000-0000", "contents": "1959 Baseball Hall of Fame balloting\nElections to the Baseball Hall of Fame for 1959 followed a system established after the 1956 election. The baseball writers were voting on recent players only in even-number years (until 1967). The Veterans Committee met in closed sessions to consider executives, managers, umpires, and earlier major league players. It selected outfielder Zack Wheat, who recorded 2884 hits from 1909 to 1927. A formal induction ceremony was held in Cooperstown, New York, on July 20, 1959, with Commissioner of Baseball Ford Frick presiding.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [36, 36], "content_span": [37, 563]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076866-0000-0000", "contents": "1959 Bathurst 100\nThe 1959 Bathurst 100 was a motor race staged at the Mount Panorama Circuit, Bathurst, New South Wales, Australia on 30 March 1959. The race, which was promoted by the Australian Racing Drivers Club Ltd., was contested over 26 laps, a total distance of 100 miles. It was race 5 of 12 in the 1959 Australian Drivers' Championship.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [17, 17], "content_span": [18, 347]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076866-0001-0000", "contents": "1959 Bathurst 100\nThe race was won by New Zealander Ross Jensen driving a Maserati 250F.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [17, 17], "content_span": [18, 88]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076867-0000-0000", "contents": "1959 Baylor Bears football team\nThe 1959 Baylor Bears football team represented Baylor University in the 1959 NCAA University Division football season. The team finished with a record of 4\u20136.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [31, 31], "content_span": [32, 191]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076868-0000-0000", "contents": "1959 Belfast East by-election\nThe Belfast East by-election of 19 March 1959 was held after the death of Ulster Unionist Party Member of Parliament Alan McKibbin.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [29, 29], "content_span": [30, 161]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076868-0001-0000", "contents": "1959 Belfast East by-election\nThe seat was safe, having been won by Unionists at the 1955 United Kingdom general election by nearly 14,000 votes", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [29, 29], "content_span": [30, 144]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076869-0000-0000", "contents": "1959 Bermondsey Borough election\nElections to Metropolitan Borough of Bermondsey were held in 1959.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [32, 32], "content_span": [33, 99]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076869-0001-0000", "contents": "1959 Bermondsey Borough election\nThe borough had 13 wards which returned between 3 and 5 members. Of the 13 wards 9 of the wards had all candidates elected unopposed. Labour won all the seats, the Conservatives only stood in 4 wards and the Liberal Party 1 ward.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [32, 32], "content_span": [33, 262]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076870-0000-0000", "contents": "1959 Big Ten Conference football season\nThe 1959 Big Ten Conference football season was the 64th season of college football played by the member schools of the Big Ten Conference and was a part of the 1959 NCAA University Division football season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [39, 39], "content_span": [40, 247]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076870-0001-0000", "contents": "1959 Big Ten Conference football season\nThe 1959 Wisconsin Badgers football team, under head coach Milt Bruhn, won the Big Ten championship, was ranked No. 6 in the final AP Poll, and lost to Washington in the 1960 Rose Bowl. Tackle Dan Lanphear was a consensus first-team All-American. Quarterback Dale Hackbart led the Big Ten with 1,121 yards of total offense.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [39, 39], "content_span": [40, 363]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076870-0002-0000", "contents": "1959 Big Ten Conference football season, Season overview, Results and team statistics\nKeyAP final = Team's rank in the final AP Poll of the 1959 seasonAP high = Team's highest rank in the AP Poll throughout the 1959 seasonPPG = Average of points scored per gamePAG = Average of points allowed per gameMVP = Most valuable player as voted by players on each team as part of the voting process to determine the winner of the Chicago Tribune Silver Football trophy; trophy winner in bold", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 85], "content_span": [86, 483]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076870-0003-0000", "contents": "1959 Big Ten Conference football season, Season overview, Preseason\nOn November 14, 1958, Bennie Oosterbaan resigned as Michigan's head football coach with two games remaining in the program's worst season since 1936. Bump Elliott, who had been Michigan's backfield coach for two years, was hired to replace him.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 67], "content_span": [68, 312]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076870-0004-0000", "contents": "1959 Big Ten Conference football season, Season overview, Post-season developments\nShortly before the end of the 1959 season, Illinois head coach Ray Eliot retired after 18 years in the position. On December 22, 1959, Illinois hired 33-year-old Pete Elliott as its new head football coach. Elliott had played for Michigan and served as California's head coach from 1957 to 1959.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 82], "content_span": [83, 378]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076870-0005-0000", "contents": "1959 Big Ten Conference football season, Statistical leaders\nThe Big Ten's individual statistical leaders for the 1959 season include the following:", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 60], "content_span": [61, 148]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076870-0006-0000", "contents": "1959 Big Ten Conference football season, Awards and honors, All-Big Ten honors\nThe following players were picked by the Associated Press (AP) and/or the United Press International (UPI) as first-team players on the 1959 All-Big Ten Conference football team.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 78], "content_span": [79, 257]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076870-0007-0000", "contents": "1959 Big Ten Conference football season, Awards and honors, All-American honors\nAt the end of the 1959 season, Big Ten players secured three of the 11 consensus first-team picks on the 1959 College Football All-America Team. The Big Ten's consensus All-Americans were:", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 79], "content_span": [80, 268]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076870-0008-0000", "contents": "1959 Big Ten Conference football season, Awards and honors, All-American honors\nOther Big Ten players who were named first-team All-Americans by at least one selector were:", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 79], "content_span": [80, 172]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076870-0009-0000", "contents": "1959 Big Ten Conference football season, Awards and honors, Other awards\nFour Big Ten players finished among the top 10 in the voting for the 1959 Heisman Trophy: offensive lineman Bill Burrell of Illinois (fourth); running back Dean Look of Michigan State (sixth); quarterback Dale Hackbart of Wisconsin (seventh); and running back Ron Burton of Wisconsin (10th).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 72], "content_span": [73, 364]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076870-0010-0000", "contents": "1959 Big Ten Conference football season, 1960 NFL Draft\nThe following Big Ten players were among the first 100 picks in the 1960 NFL Draft:", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 55], "content_span": [56, 139]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076871-0000-0000", "contents": "1959 Birthday Honours\nThe Queen's Birthday Honours 1959 were appointments in many of the Commonwealth realms of Queen Elizabeth II to various orders and honours to reward and highlight good works by citizens of those countries.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [21, 21], "content_span": [22, 227]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076871-0001-0000", "contents": "1959 Birthday Honours\nThe appointments were made to celebrate the official birthday of The Queen, and were announced on 13 June 1959 for the United Kingdom and Commonwealth Australia, New Zealand, Ghana, and the Federation of Rhodesia and Nyasaland.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [21, 21], "content_span": [22, 249]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076871-0002-0000", "contents": "1959 Birthday Honours\nThe recipients of honours are displayed here as they were styled before their new honour, and arranged by honour, with classes (Knight, Knight Grand Cross, etc.) and then divisions (Military, Civil, etc.) as appropriate.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [21, 21], "content_span": [22, 242]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076871-0003-0000", "contents": "1959 Birthday Honours, United Kingdom and Commonwealth, Royal Victorian Order, Member of the Royal Victorian Order (MVO)\nAt this time the two lowest classes of the Royal Victorian Order were \"Member (fourth class)\" and \"Member (fifth class)\", both with post-nominal letters MVO. \"Member (fourth class)\" was renamed \"Lieutenant\" (LVO) from the 1985 New Year Honours onwards.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [23, 120], "content_span": [121, 373]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076872-0000-0000", "contents": "1959 Birthday Honours (New Zealand)\nThe 1959 Queen's Birthday Honours in New Zealand, celebrating the official birthday of Elizabeth II, were appointments made by the Queen on the advice of the New Zealand government to various orders and honours to reward and highlight good works by New Zealanders. They were announced on 13 June 1959.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [35, 35], "content_span": [36, 337]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076872-0001-0000", "contents": "1959 Birthday Honours (New Zealand)\nThe recipients of honours are displayed here as they were styled before their new honour.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [35, 35], "content_span": [36, 125]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076873-0000-0000", "contents": "1959 Bluebonnet Bowl\nThe 1959 Bluebonnet Bowl was a college football postseason bowl game between the TCU Horned Frogs and the Clemson Tigers. This was the first ever Bluebonnet Bowl, a bowl game that usually featured a team from Texas against an out-of-state opponent, with 19 out of the 29 games in this series involving a team from Texas, or from the SWC.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [20, 20], "content_span": [21, 358]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076873-0001-0000", "contents": "1959 Bluebonnet Bowl, Background\nThis was TCU's third Southwest Conference title in five seasons. Clemson was the first school to play in two bowls in the same calendar year, with their third Atlantic Coast Conference title in four years. They were looking to win a bowl game for the first time since 1950.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [22, 32], "content_span": [33, 306]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076873-0002-0000", "contents": "1959 Bluebonnet Bowl, Game summary\nClemson started the scoring with a 22-yard field goal by Lon Armstrong, but TCU\u2019s struck back with a 19-yard pass from Jack Redding to Harry Moreland with 5:45 left in the first half, to give the Frogs a 7-3 halftime lead. The game went scoreless in the third period, but in the fourth quarter, Harvey White threw a pass to Gary Barnes, who galloped in for a touchdown to give the Tigers the lead. Two plays later, Donald George's pass was intercepted by Armstrong. Clemson scored 13 more points with the help of Lowndes Shingler, as the Tigers won 20-7. Shingler ran for 65 yards on 3 carries, and threw for 24 yards on 2 for 4 passing. White went 4 for 9 with 69 yards passing and 1 interception.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [22, 34], "content_span": [35, 733]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076873-0003-0000", "contents": "1959 Bluebonnet Bowl, Aftermath\nThe Horned Frogs would return to the Bluebonnet Bowl just once more, 25 years later in 1984. The Tigers did not win a bowl game until 1978.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [22, 31], "content_span": [32, 171]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076874-0000-0000", "contents": "1959 Bolivian Primera Divisi\u00f3n\nThe 1959 Bolivian Primera Divisi\u00f3n, the first division of Bolivian football (soccer), was played by 12 teams. The champions was Jorge Wilstermann.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [30, 30], "content_span": [31, 177]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076875-0000-0000", "contents": "1959 Boston College Eagles football team\nThe 1959 Boston College Eagles football team represented Boston College during the 1959 NCAA University Division football season. The Eagles were led by ninth-year head coach Mike Holovak and played their home games at Alumni Stadium in Chestnut Hill, Massachusetts. At the conclusion of a 5\u20134 season, Holovak was fired as head coach. He posted a record of 49\u201329\u20133 in his nine seasons at Boston College.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [40, 40], "content_span": [41, 444]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076876-0000-0000", "contents": "1959 Boston Red Sox season\nThe 1959 Boston Red Sox season was the 59th season in the franchise's Major League Baseball history. The Red Sox finished fifth in the American League (AL) with a record of 75 wins and 79 losses, 19 games behind the AL champion Chicago White Sox.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [26, 26], "content_span": [27, 273]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076876-0001-0000", "contents": "1959 Boston Red Sox season, Offseason\n1958 turned out to be Jimmy Piersall's final season with the Red Sox. On December 2, 1958, Piersall was traded to the Cleveland Indians in exchange for Gary Geiger and Vic Wertz.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [28, 37], "content_span": [38, 216]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076876-0002-0000", "contents": "1959 Boston Red Sox season, Player stats, Batting, Starters by position\nNote: Pos = Position; G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [28, 71], "content_span": [72, 196]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076876-0003-0000", "contents": "1959 Boston Red Sox season, Player stats, Batting, Other batters\nNote: G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [28, 64], "content_span": [65, 173]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076876-0004-0000", "contents": "1959 Boston Red Sox season, Player stats, Pitching, Starting pitchers\nNote: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [28, 69], "content_span": [70, 180]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076876-0005-0000", "contents": "1959 Boston Red Sox season, Player stats, Pitching, Other pitchers\nNote: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [28, 66], "content_span": [67, 177]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076876-0006-0000", "contents": "1959 Boston Red Sox season, Player stats, Pitching, Relief pitchers\nNote: G = Games pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; SV = Saves; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [28, 67], "content_span": [68, 168]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076877-0000-0000", "contents": "1959 Boston University Terriers football team\nThe 1959 Boston University Terriers football team was an American football team that represented Boston University as an independent during the 1959 NCAA University Division football season. In its third season under head coach Steve Sinko, the team compiled a 4\u20135 record and was outscored by a total of 150 to 102.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 45], "section_span": [45, 45], "content_span": [46, 361]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076878-0000-0000", "contents": "1959 Boston mayoral election\nThe Boston mayoral election of 1959 occurred on Tuesday, November 3, 1959, between former Boston City Council member John Frederick  Collins and President of the Massachusetts Senate John E. Powers. Collins was elected to his first term, and was inaugurated on Monday, January 4, 1960.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [28, 28], "content_span": [29, 314]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076878-0001-0000", "contents": "1959 Boston mayoral election\nThe nonpartisan municipal preliminary election was held on Tuesday, September 22, 1959.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [28, 28], "content_span": [29, 116]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076878-0002-0000", "contents": "1959 Boston mayoral election\nCollins' victory was considered the biggest upset in city politics in decades. Boston University political scientist Murray Levin wrote a book on the race, titled The Alienated Voter: Politics in Boston, which attributed Collins' victory to the voters' cynicism and resentment of the city's political elite. Collins had been widely viewed as the underdog in the race. Collins had run on the slogan \"stop power politics\", and was widely seen as independent of any political machine.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [28, 28], "content_span": [29, 510]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076879-0000-0000", "contents": "1959 Bowling Green Falcons football team\nThe 1959 Bowling Green Falcons football team was an American football team that represented Bowling Green State University in the Mid-American Conference (MAC) during the 1959 NCAA University Division football season. In their fifth season under head coach Doyt Perry, the Falcons compiled a perfect 9\u20130 record (6\u20130 against MAC opponents), won the MAC championship, and outscored opponents by a combined total of 274 to 83. The team was voted by the United Press International Board of Coaches as the 1959 national small college champion. The team was inducted as a group into the Bowling Green Hall of Fame in 2013.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [40, 40], "content_span": [41, 657]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076879-0001-0000", "contents": "1959 Bowling Green Falcons football team\nThe team's statistical leaders were Bob Colburn with 788 passing yards, Chuck Comer with 361 rushing yards, and Bernie Casey with 264 receiving yards. Colburn and tackle Bob Zimpfer were selected by the UPI as first-team All-Ohio players. Colburn received the team's Most Valuable Player award. Jack Harbaugh, who later gained fame as a football coach, set a school record with three interceptions in the November 14 game against No. 1 Delaware.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [40, 40], "content_span": [41, 486]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076880-0000-0000", "contents": "1959 British Grand Prix\nThe 1959 British Grand Prix was a Formula One motor race held at the Aintree Circuit on 18 July 1959. It was race 5 of 9 in the 1959 World Championship of Drivers and race 4 of 8 in the 1959 International Cup for Formula One Manufacturers. It was the 14th British Grand Prix and the third to be held at the Aintree Motor Racing Circuit, a circuit mapped out in the grounds of the Aintree Racecourse horse racing venue. The race was held over 75 laps of the four kilometre circuit for a race distance of 362 kilometres.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [23, 23], "content_span": [24, 542]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076880-0001-0000", "contents": "1959 British Grand Prix\nThe race was won by Australian Jack Brabham taking his second Grand Prix victory in a works Cooper T51. Brabham dominated the race, leading all 75 laps to win by 22 seconds over British driver Stirling Moss driving a British Racing Partnership entered BRM P25. It was the first time a BRP entry finished in the top three. Brabham's Cooper Car Company teammate, New Zealander Bruce McLaren finished in third place, just 0.2 seconds behind Moss, having lost second place late in the race. Harry Schell finished fourth for the Owen Racing Organisation BRM team a lap behind Brabham.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [23, 23], "content_span": [24, 603]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076880-0002-0000", "contents": "1959 British Grand Prix\nThe British Grand Prix had the biggest entry of the season outside the Indianapolis 500 with 30 cars competing and 24 starting the race, all despite the absence of Ferrari. Strikes in Italy trapped the team at home, leaving the British teams to fight over the race. Ferrari's new lead driver Tony Brooks was given a release and started the race in a Vanwall but was the first to retire with misfire after 13 laps having started in a lowly 17th after winning the French Grand Prix a few weeks earlier.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [23, 23], "content_span": [24, 524]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076880-0003-0000", "contents": "1959 British Grand Prix\nThe win saw Brabham expand his points lead over Brooks to 13 points. Moss and McLaren moved into fourth place just half a point behind the absent Phil Hill.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [23, 23], "content_span": [24, 180]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076880-0004-0000", "contents": "1959 British Grand Prix\nOn the last lap of this race, McLaren became the youngest driver to set a fastest lap in Formula One, aged 21 years and 322 days. It was another 44 years before Fernando Alonso relieved him of that achievement with fastest lap in the 2003 Canadian GP. He was a day younger aged 21 years and 321 days.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [23, 23], "content_span": [24, 324]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076881-0000-0000", "contents": "1959 British Lions tour to Australia and New Zealand\nIn 1959, the British Lions rugby union team toured Australia and New Zealand. The Lions won the two test matches against Australia but lost the international series against the All Blacks by three matches to one. They also played two matches in Canada, on the return leg of the journey.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 52], "section_span": [52, 52], "content_span": [53, 339]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076881-0001-0000", "contents": "1959 British Lions tour to Australia and New Zealand\nAlthough New Zealand won the series, the results in three of the tests were close. The Lions scored four tries to nil in the first test but six penalties by Don Clarke saw the All Blacks win 18\u201317. Clarke also scored a late try and conversion to win the second test, 11\u20138. New Zealand won the third test comfortably by 22\u20138 to win the series but the fourth test, which the Lions won 9\u20136, could have gone the All Blacks way had Clarke not missed a late penalty attempt.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 52], "section_span": [52, 52], "content_span": [53, 521]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076881-0002-0000", "contents": "1959 British Lions tour to Australia and New Zealand\nOverall the tourists played thirty-three matches, winning twenty-seven and losing six. In Australia the Lions played six matches, winning five and losing one, to New South Wales. In New Zealand they played twenty-five matches, winning twenty and losing five \u2013 in addition to their three test defeats they also lost to Otago and Canterbury. They also played two matches in Canada, winning both.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 52], "section_span": [52, 52], "content_span": [53, 446]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076881-0003-0000", "contents": "1959 British Lions tour to Australia and New Zealand\nThe tour was notable for the 842 points scored in 33 games, a record number of points for a Lions tour and for the 22 tries scored by Tony O'Reilly, also a Lions tour record.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 52], "section_span": [52, 52], "content_span": [53, 227]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076881-0004-0000", "contents": "1959 British Lions tour to Australia and New Zealand\nThe touring party was captained by Ronnie Dawson. The manager was A. W. Wilson and the assistant manager was O.B. Glasgow.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 52], "section_span": [52, 52], "content_span": [53, 175]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076881-0005-0000", "contents": "1959 British Lions tour to Australia and New Zealand, The matches, First Australia Test\nAustralia: JK Lenehan (NSW), AR Morton (NSW), JM Potts (NSW), LJ Diett (NSW), KJ Donald (Queensland), AJ Summons (NSW), DM Connor (Queensland), PK Dunn (NSW), PG Johnson (NSW), KJ Ellis (NSW); JH Carroll (NSW), AK Millar (NSW); PT Fenwicke (NSW) Captain, K Outterside (NSW), John Thornett (NSW)", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 52], "section_span": [54, 87], "content_span": [88, 382]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076881-0006-0000", "contents": "1959 British Lions tour to Australia and New Zealand, The matches, First Australia Test\nBritish Lions: KJF Scotland, PB Jackson, M Price, D Hewitt, AJF O'Reilley, AB Risman, REG Jeeps, HF McLeod, AR Dawson Captain, S Millar, GK Smith, WA Mulcahy, RH Williams, A Ashcroft, J Faull", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 52], "section_span": [54, 87], "content_span": [88, 279]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076881-0007-0000", "contents": "1959 British Lions tour to Australia and New Zealand, The matches, Second Australia Test\nAustralia: JK Lenehan (NSW), AR Morton (NSW), AR Kay (Victoria), LJ Diett (NSW), KJ Donald (Queensland), AJ Summons (NSW), DM Connor (Queensland); KJ Ellis (NSW), PG Johnson (NSW), PK Dunn (NSW); JH Carroll (NSW), AK Millar (NSW), JE Thornett (NSW), K Outterside (NSW), PT Fenwicke (NSW) Captain", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 52], "section_span": [54, 88], "content_span": [89, 384]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076881-0008-0000", "contents": "1959 British Lions tour to Australia and New Zealand, The matches, Second Australia Test\nBritish Lions: KJF Scotland, PB Jackson, D Hewitt, M Price, AJF O'Reilley, AB Risman, REG Jeeps, HF McLeod, AR Dawson Captain, S Millar, WR Evans, RH Williams, NAA Murphy, RWD Marques, GK Smith", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 52], "section_span": [54, 88], "content_span": [89, 282]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076881-0009-0000", "contents": "1959 British Lions tour to Australia and New Zealand, The matches, First New Zealand Test\nNew Zealand: DB Clarke (Waikato), PT Walsh (Counties), RF McMullen (Auckland), TR Lineen (Auckland), BE McPhail (Canterbury), RH Brown (Taranaki), RJ Urbahn (Taranaki); WJ Whineray (Canterbury) Captain, RC Hemi (Waikato), IJ Clarke (Waikato), SF Hill (Canterbury), BE Finlay (Manauatu), PFH Jones (North Auckland), EAR Pickering (Waikato), IN MacEwan (Wellington)", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 52], "section_span": [54, 89], "content_span": [90, 453]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076881-0010-0000", "contents": "1959 British Lions tour to Australia and New Zealand, The matches, First New Zealand Test\nBritish Lions: KJF Scotland, PB Jackson, MJ Price, D Hewitt, AJF O'Reilley, ABW Risman, REG Jeeps, HF McLeod, AR Dawson Captain, BGM Wood, WR Evans, RH Williams, GK Smith, J Faull, NA Murphy", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 52], "section_span": [54, 89], "content_span": [90, 280]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076881-0011-0000", "contents": "1959 British Lions tour to Australia and New Zealand, The matches, Second New Zealand Test\nNew Zealand: DB Clarke (Waikato), ES Diack (Otago), RF McMullen (Auckland), TR Lineen (Auckland), RW Caulton (Wellington), JF McCullough (Taranaki), KC Briscoe (Taranaki), WJ Whineray (Canterbury) Captain, DS Webb (North Auckland), IJ Clarke (Waikato), SF Hill (Canterbury), IN MacEwan (Wellington), CE Meads (Kings Country), RJ Conway (Otago), KR Tremain (Canterbury)", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 52], "section_span": [54, 90], "content_span": [91, 459]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076881-0012-0000", "contents": "1959 British Lions tour to Australia and New Zealand, The matches, Second New Zealand Test\nBritish Lions: TE Davies, JRC Young, MC Thomas, WM Patterson, AJF O'Reilley, MJ Price, REG Jeeps, S Millar, AR Dawson Captain, HF McLeod, RH Williams, WR Evans, A Ashcroft, RWD Marques, NA Murphy", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 52], "section_span": [54, 90], "content_span": [91, 286]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076881-0013-0000", "contents": "1959 British Lions tour to Australia and New Zealand, The matches, Third New Zealand Test\nNew Zealand: DB Clarke (Waikato), RH Brown (Taranaki), TR Lineen (Auckland), RW Caulton (Wellington), JF McCullough (Taranaki), RJ Urbahn (Taranaki), MW Irwin (Otago), RC Hemi (Waikato), WJ Whineray (Canterbury) Captain, SF Hill (Canterbury), IN MacEwan (Wellington), KR Tremain (Canterbury), RJ Conway (Otago), CE Meads (Kings Country)", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 52], "section_span": [54, 89], "content_span": [90, 426]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076881-0014-0000", "contents": "1959 British Lions tour to Australia and New Zealand, The matches, Third New Zealand Test\nBritish Lions: KJF Scotland, PB Jackson, MJ Price, D Hewitt, AJF O'Reilley, JP Horrocks-Taylor, REG Jeeps, HF McLeod, AR Dawson Captain, BGM Wood, WR Evans, RH Williams, HJ Morgan, J Faull, GK Smith", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 52], "section_span": [54, 89], "content_span": [90, 288]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076881-0015-0000", "contents": "1959 British Lions tour to Australia and New Zealand, The matches, Fourth New Zealand Test\nNew Zealand: DB Clarke (Waikato), BE McPhail (Canterbury), TR Lineen (Auckland), AH Clarke (Auckland), RW Caulton (Wellington), JF McCullough (Taranaki), RJ Urbahn (Taranaki), MW Irwin (Otago), RC Hemi (Waikato), WJ Whineray (Canterbury) Captain, SF Hill (Canterbury), CE Meads (Kings Country), EAR Pickering (Waikato), RJ Conway (Otago), KR Tremain (Canterbury)", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 52], "section_span": [54, 90], "content_span": [91, 453]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076881-0016-0000", "contents": "1959 British Lions tour to Australia and New Zealand, The matches, Fourth New Zealand Test\nBritish Lions: TE Davies, PB Jackson, D Hewitt, KJF Scotland, AJF O'Reilley, ABW Risman, AA Mulligan, TR Prosser, AR Dawson Captain, HF McLeod, RH Williams, WA Mulcahy, NA Murphy, J Faull, HJ Morgan", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 52], "section_span": [54, 90], "content_span": [91, 289]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076882-0000-0000", "contents": "1959 British Saloon Car Championship\nThe 1959 BRSCC British Saloon Car Championship was the second season of the championship. It began at Goodwood on 30 March and finished at Brands Hatch on 29 August. Jeff Uren became the second BSCC champion, thanks to his domination of Class C in his Ford Zephyr.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [36, 36], "content_span": [37, 301]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076882-0001-0000", "contents": "1959 British Saloon Car Championship, Calendar & Winners\nAll races were held in the United Kingdom. Overall winners of multi-class races in bold.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 56], "content_span": [57, 145]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076883-0000-0000", "contents": "1959 British Somaliland parliamentary election\nParliamentary elections were held in British Somaliland on 18 March 1959, the first elections in the territory. They were boycotted by the Somali National League, allowing the moderate National United Front to win a majority of the elected seats.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 46], "section_span": [46, 46], "content_span": [47, 293]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076883-0001-0000", "contents": "1959 British Somaliland parliamentary election, Background\nThe Legislative Council was established in 1957, and initially consisted of the Governor, 3 ex officio members, five government officials and six members appointed by the Governor. Constitutional reforms in 1958 increased the council to 30 members; the Governor, 15 officials, two appointed members and 12 elected members.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 46], "section_span": [48, 58], "content_span": [59, 381]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076883-0002-0000", "contents": "1959 British Somaliland parliamentary election, Electoral system\nThe 12 elected members were elected from six two-member constituencies. Three urban constituencies (Hargeisa, Berbera and Burao) had direct elections, whilst the members in the three rural constituencies were elected by the shirs (open councils).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 46], "section_span": [48, 64], "content_span": [65, 311]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076883-0003-0000", "contents": "1959 British Somaliland parliamentary election, Electoral system\nIn the rural constituencies all men over the age of 21 were allowed to participate in the shirs. In urban areas people could qualify to vote if they owned or rented land or a house, owned a registered car, 10 camels or cattle or 100 sheep, owned a trade licence, or had been in public service or employment for at least two years. Only 2,508 people registered to vote in the three urban constituencies.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 46], "section_span": [48, 64], "content_span": [65, 467]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076883-0004-0000", "contents": "1959 British Somaliland parliamentary election, Electoral system\nCandidates were required to own or rent land worth at least 5,000 shillings, a monthly income of at least 300 shillings or individual ownership of at least 10 camels or cows or 100 sheep, or family ownership of at least 40 camels or cattle or 400 sheep, or own an agricultural licence.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 46], "section_span": [48, 64], "content_span": [65, 350]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076883-0005-0000", "contents": "1959 British Somaliland parliamentary election, Campaign\nThe elections were boycotted by the Somali National League, who had demanded an elected majority in the Legislative Council. The party also claimed the British authorities would rig the vote to prevent it winning. Seven of the 12 seats were uncontested, resulting in no vote taking place.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 46], "section_span": [48, 56], "content_span": [57, 345]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076884-0000-0000", "contents": "1959 British West Indies Championships\nThe 1959 British West Indies Championships was the third edition of the track and field competition between British colony nations in the Caribbean. It was held in Georgetown in British Guiana. A total of 27 events were contested, twenty-one by men and six by women. This was the first time that women had been able to compete at the event. Three new men's events were added to the programme: 3000 metres steeplechase, half marathon, and the 3000 metres walk. The latter two were the first road running and racewalking events to be included.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [38, 38], "content_span": [39, 580]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076884-0001-0000", "contents": "1959 British West Indies Championships\nFor a third time running, George de Peana of British Guiana won both the 5000 metres and 10,000 metres titles, remaining undefeated at the tournament. Aside from de Peana, Ralph Gomes was the only other athlete to defend his title from the 1958 edition, doing so in the 1500 metres. George Kerr rose to prominence with a 400 metres and 800 metres double \u2013 distances he would win Olympic medals in a year later. In the women's section, the British Guiana team were dominant, being led by double individual sprint medallist Myra Fawcett.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [38, 38], "content_span": [39, 574]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076884-0002-0000", "contents": "1959 British West Indies Championships\nAlso among the gold medallists was Antigua's Lester Bird, winner of the long jump here, who would later go on to be the Prime Minister of Antigua and Barbuda (succeeding his father, Vere Bird). Triple jump medallist Wendell Mottley also became involved in politics later in his life, serving as Trinidad and Tobago's Finance Minister, and high jumper Anton Norris was another athlete in the field to become a prominent economist in the region.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [38, 38], "content_span": [39, 482]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076885-0000-0000", "contents": "1959 Brown Bears football team\nThe 1959 Brown Bears football team was an American football team that represented Brown University during the 1959 NCAA University Division football season. Brown finished second-to-last in the Ivy League.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [30, 30], "content_span": [31, 236]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076885-0001-0000", "contents": "1959 Brown Bears football team\nIn their first season under head coach John McLaughry, the Bears compiled a 2\u20136\u20131 record and were outscored 139 to 51. R. Carlin was the team captain.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [30, 30], "content_span": [31, 181]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076885-0002-0000", "contents": "1959 Brown Bears football team\nThe Bears' 1\u20135\u20131 conference record placed seventh in the Ivy League. They were outscored by Ivy opponents 106 to 31.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [30, 30], "content_span": [31, 147]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076885-0003-0000", "contents": "1959 Brown Bears football team\nBrown played its home games at Brown Stadium in Providence, Rhode Island.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [30, 30], "content_span": [31, 104]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076886-0000-0000", "contents": "1959 Brownlow Medal\nThe 1959 Brownlow Medal was the 32nd year the award was presented to the player adjudged the fairest and best player during the Victorian Football League (VFL) home and away season. Bob Skilton of the South Melbourne Football Club and Verdun Howell of the St Kilda Football Club both won the medal by polling twenty votes during the 1959 VFL season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [19, 19], "content_span": [20, 369]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076886-0001-0000", "contents": "1959 Brownlow Medal, Leading votegetters\n* The player was ineligible to win the medal due to suspension by the VFL Tribunal during the year.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [21, 40], "content_span": [41, 140]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076887-0000-0000", "contents": "1959 Bucknell Bison football team\nThe 1959 Bucknell Bison football team was an American football team that represented Bucknell University during the 1959 NCAA College Division football season. Bucknell finished fourth in the University Division of the Middle Atlantic Conference.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [33, 33], "content_span": [34, 280]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076887-0001-0000", "contents": "1959 Bucknell Bison football team\nIn its second season under head coach Bob Odell, the team compiled a 4\u20135 record, 3\u20133 against division opponents. Larry Mathias was the team captain.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [33, 33], "content_span": [34, 182]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076887-0002-0000", "contents": "1959 Bucknell Bison football team\nFollowing their defeat of Rutgers, an NCAA University Division team, Bucknell earned a national No. 11 ranking in the UPI Small College Poll. The following week, the Bison lost to unranked Lafayette, and were pushed out of the top 20. Bucknell remained unranked through the end of the season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [33, 33], "content_span": [34, 326]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076887-0003-0000", "contents": "1959 Bucknell Bison football team\nThe team played its home games at Memorial Stadium on the university campus in Lewisburg, Pennsylvania.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [33, 33], "content_span": [34, 137]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076888-0000-0000", "contents": "1959 Buffalo Bulls football team\nThe 1959 Buffalo Bulls football team represented the University at Buffalo in the 1959 NCAA College Division football season. The Bulls offense scored 279 points while the defense allowed 93 points.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [32, 32], "content_span": [33, 231]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076889-0000-0000", "contents": "1959 Bulgarian Cup Final\nThe 1959 Bulgarian Cup Final was the 19th final of the Bulgarian Cup (in this period the tournament was named Cup of the Soviet Army), and was contested between Levski Sofia and Spartak Plovdiv on 2 May 1959 at Vasil Levski National Stadium in Sofia. Levski won the final 1\u20130.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [24, 24], "content_span": [25, 301]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076890-0000-0000", "contents": "1959 CFL season\nThe 1959 CFL season was the sixth season in modern Canadian professional football, although officially it was the second season of the Canadian Football League. The Winnipeg Blue Bombers played the Hamilton Tiger-Cats for the third straight time in the Grey Cup final. The Bombers won the rubber match in a defensive showdown.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 15], "section_span": [15, 15], "content_span": [16, 342]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076890-0001-0000", "contents": "1959 CFL season, Regular season, Final regular season standings\nNote: GP = Games Played, W = Wins, L = Losses, T = Ties, PF = Points For, PA = Points Against, Pts = Points", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 15], "section_span": [17, 63], "content_span": [64, 171]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076890-0002-0000", "contents": "1959 CFL season, Playoff bracket, Grey Cup Championship\n47th Annual Grey Cup Game: Exhibition Stadium \u2013 Toronto, Ontario", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 15], "section_span": [17, 55], "content_span": [56, 120]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076891-0000-0000", "contents": "1959 Cal Poly Mustangs football team\nThe 1959 Cal Poly Mustangs football team represented California Polytechnic State University during the 1959 NCAA College Division football season. Cal Poly competed in the California Collegiate Athletic Association (CCAA).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [36, 36], "content_span": [37, 260]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076891-0001-0000", "contents": "1959 Cal Poly Mustangs football team\nThe team was led by tenth-year head coach LeRoy Hughes and played home games at Mustang Stadium in San Luis Obispo, California. They finished the season with a record of six wins and three losses (6\u20133, 3\u20132 CCAA).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [36, 36], "content_span": [37, 249]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076891-0002-0000", "contents": "1959 Cal Poly Mustangs football team, Team players in the NFL\nNo Cal Poly Mustangs were selected in the 1960 NFL Draft.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 61], "content_span": [62, 119]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076892-0000-0000", "contents": "1959 Cal Poly Pomona Broncos football team\nThe 1959 Cal Poly Pomona Broncos football team represented Cal Poly Kellogg-Voorhis Unit during the 1959 NCAA College Division football season. Cal Poly played as an independent in 1959.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 42], "section_span": [42, 42], "content_span": [43, 229]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076892-0001-0000", "contents": "1959 Cal Poly Pomona Broncos football team\nCal Poly Pomona was led by third-year head coach Don Warhurst. They played home games on campus in Pomona, California. The Broncos finished the season with a record of seven wins, one loss and one tie (7\u20131\u20131). Overall, the team outscored its opponents 231\u201396 for the season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 42], "section_span": [42, 42], "content_span": [43, 317]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076892-0002-0000", "contents": "1959 Cal Poly Pomona Broncos football team, Team players in the NFL/AFL\nNo Cal Poly Pomona players were selected in the 1960 NFL Draft.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 42], "section_span": [44, 71], "content_span": [72, 135]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076892-0003-0000", "contents": "1959 Cal Poly Pomona Broncos football team, Team players in the NFL/AFL\nThe following finished their Cal Poly Pomona career in 1959, were not drafted, but played in the NFL/AFL.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 42], "section_span": [44, 71], "content_span": [72, 177]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076893-0000-0000", "contents": "1959 Calgary Stampeders season\nThe 1959 Calgary Stampeders finished in 4th place in the W.I.F.U. with an 8\u20138 record and failed to make the playoffs.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [30, 30], "content_span": [31, 148]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076893-0001-0000", "contents": "1959 Calgary Stampeders season\nThis was the Stamps last season at Mewata Stadium. They would move into their new home McMahon Stadium a year later.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [30, 30], "content_span": [31, 147]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076894-0000-0000", "contents": "1959 California Golden Bears football team\nThe 1959 California Golden Bears football team was an American football team that represented the University of California, Berkeley in the Athletic Association of Western Universities (AAWU) during the 1959 NCAA University Division football season. In their third and final year under head coach Pete Elliott, the Golden Bears compiled a 2\u20138 record (1\u20133 in AAWU, fourth), and were outscored  223\u00a0to\u00a0115.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 42], "section_span": [42, 42], "content_span": [43, 447]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076894-0001-0000", "contents": "1959 California Golden Bears football team\nThe team's statistical leaders included Wayne Crow with 379 passing yards, Walt Arnold with 351 rushing yards, and Gael Barsotti with 111 receiving yards. Two Cal players were selected by the Associated Press (AP) for the All-Coast team: Frank Sally as a first-team tackle and Walt Arnold as a second-team fullback. Wayne Crow later played four years in the American Football League.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 42], "section_span": [42, 42], "content_span": [43, 426]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076895-0000-0000", "contents": "1959 Cambodian constitutional referendum\nA referendum on suspending the provincial parliaments was held in Cambodia on 29 November 1959.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [40, 40], "content_span": [41, 136]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076895-0001-0000", "contents": "1959 Cambodian constitutional referendum, Background\nOn 6 October, the government of Cambodia called for a referendum to decide who would hold power between the government and the Khmer Serei, which was led by Sam Sary and Son Ngoc Thanh. Norodom Sihanouk asserted that if he lost he would either agree to a trial or to go into exile, but that if he won the other leaders would be named outlaws.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [42, 52], "content_span": [53, 395]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076895-0002-0000", "contents": "1959 Cambodian constitutional referendum, Aftermath\nThe changes adopted in suspending the provincial legislatures would last beyond Sihanouk's abdication in 1970.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [42, 51], "content_span": [52, 162]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076896-0000-0000", "contents": "1959 Campeonato Argentino de Rugby\nThe Campeonato Argentino de Rugby 1959 was won by the selection of Buenos Aires Province (\"Provincia\") that beat in the final the selection of Capital.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [34, 34], "content_span": [35, 186]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076896-0001-0000", "contents": "1959 Campeonato Argentino de Rugby, Semifinals\nProvincia: H. Rosenblat, E. Bianchetti, J. Guidi, A. Salinas, O. Bernacchi, J. Sascaro, E. Holmgreen, J. Pulido, F. Varela, A. Moreno, R. Schimdt, B. Ota\u00f1o, J. Lucas, J. Casanegra, O. Mart\u00ednez. La Plata: J. Manes, P. Grossi, R. La Rosa, R. Wilt, R. Posadas, E. C\u00e1ceres, J. Buri\u00f1igo, E. Foulkes, H. Carnicero, A. Nogueira, A. Cervini, L. N\u00e1poli, R. Goso, A. Dentone, R. Gorostiaga.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [36, 46], "content_span": [47, 427]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076896-0002-0000", "contents": "1959 Campeonato Argentino de Rugby, Semifinals\nCapital: R. Raimundez, C. Raimundez, E. Karplus, L. Mendez, C. Giuliano, A Guastella, V. Mayol, S. Hogg, M. Azpiroz, J. La\u00acfleur, J. Trebotich, R. Rumboll, E. Gavi\u00f1a, H. Vidou, E. Verardo Norte: Nougu\u00e9s, J. Ter\u00e1n, C. Valdez, A. Peir\u00f3, J. Esteban, J. Nucci, A. Fr\u00edas Silva, O. Paz, L. Nieva Moreno, J. Paz, C. Diam\u00acbra, J. Carlino, J. Ritorto, J. Centuri\u00f3n, R. Ter\u00e1n Vega", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [36, 46], "content_span": [47, 417]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076896-0003-0000", "contents": "1959 Campeonato Argentino de Rugby, Final\nProvincia\u00a0: R. Raimundez, C. Giuliano, E. Karplus, L. Mendez, C. Raimundez, A. Guastella, V. Mayol, J. Lafleur, M. Azpiroz, S. Hogg, R. Hogg, J. Trebotich, E. Verardo, H. Vidou, E. Gavi\u00f1a. Capital: H. Rosenblat, E. Bianchetti, J. \u00c1lvarez, J. Guidi, O. Bernacchi, J. Sascaro, E. Holmgreen, A. Moreno, F. Varela, J. Pulido, R. Schmidt, B. Ota\u00f1o, O. Mart\u00ednez, J. Casanegra, J. Lucas", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [36, 41], "content_span": [42, 421]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076896-0004-0000", "contents": "1959 Campeonato Argentino de Rugby, Final\nThe referee of the match was the South African Ackermann, that was following the South African selection of Junior Springboks, that ended his tour in South America. The selection of \"Capital\" and Provincia, was without with the national team against South Africa. In the same day, was arranged a match between two mixed teams of Southafrican and Argentine and players.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [36, 41], "content_span": [42, 410]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076897-0000-0000", "contents": "1959 Campeonato Brasileiro S\u00e9rie A\nThe 1959 Campeonato Brasileiro S\u00e9rie A (officially the 1959 Ta\u00e7a Brasil) was the 1st edition of the Campeonato Brasileiro S\u00e9rie A. It began on August 23, 1959, and ended on March 29, 1960, in a tie-break match played in Rio de Janeiro, won by Bahia.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [34, 34], "content_span": [35, 284]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076897-0001-0000", "contents": "1959 Campeonato Brasileiro S\u00e9rie A, Format\nThe competition was a single elimination knockout tournament featuring two-legged ties, with a Tie-Breaker if the sides were tied on points (however, if the tie-break was a draw, the aggregate score of the first two legs was used to determine the winner).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [36, 42], "content_span": [43, 298]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076897-0002-0000", "contents": "1959 Campeonato Brasileiro S\u00e9rie A, National Final\nThe tie-break was played in Maracan\u00e3 Stadium, in Rio de Janeiro, on March 29, 1960. Bahia: Nadinho; Beto, Henrique, Fl\u00e1vio and Neizinho; Vicente and M\u00e1rio; Marito, Alencar, L\u00e9o and Biriba. Santos: Lal\u00e1; Get\u00falio, Mauro Ramos de Oliveira, Formiga and Z\u00e9 Carlos; Zito and M\u00e1rio; Dorval, Pag\u00e3o (Tite), Coutinho and Pepe. Goals: Vicente, L\u00e9o and Alencar (Bahia) and Coutinho (Santos)Expulsions: Get\u00falio, Formiga and Dorval. Referee: Frederico Lopes, assisted by Airton Vieira de Morais (named \"Sans\u00e3o\") and Wilson Lopes de Souza.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [36, 50], "content_span": [51, 575]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076898-0000-0000", "contents": "1959 Campeonato Carioca\nThe 1959 edition of the Campeonato Carioca kicked off on July 12, 1959 and ended on December 20, 1959. It was organized by FMF (Federa\u00e7\u00e3o Metropolitana de Futebol, or Metropolitan Football Federation). Twelve teams participated. Fluminense won the title for the 17th time. no teams were relegated.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [23, 23], "content_span": [24, 321]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076898-0001-0000", "contents": "1959 Campeonato Carioca, System\nThe tournament would be disputed in a double round-robin format, with the team with the most points winning the title.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 31], "content_span": [32, 150]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076899-0000-0000", "contents": "1959 Campeonato Centroamericano\nThe 1959 Campeonato Centroamericano was the first attempt in an international tournament for the CONCACAF region. All teams that participated were champions of their respective leagues. The tournament was composed of one club from North America and three from Central America.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [31, 31], "content_span": [32, 308]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076899-0001-0000", "contents": "1959 Campeonato Centroamericano, Final standings\nOlimpia were declared winners had a better goal average (+2, +1).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 48], "content_span": [49, 114]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076900-0000-0000", "contents": "1959 Campeonato Paulista\nThe 1959 Campeonato Paulista da Primeira Divis\u00e3o, organized by the Federa\u00e7\u00e3o Paulista de Futebol, was the 58th season of S\u00e3o Paulo's top professional football league. Palmeiras won the title for the 13th time. Comercial de S\u00e3o Paulo, Nacional and XV de Ja\u00fa were relegated and the top scorer was Santos's Pel\u00e9 with 44 goals.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [24, 24], "content_span": [25, 348]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076900-0001-0000", "contents": "1959 Campeonato Paulista, Championship\nThe championship was disputed in a double-round robin system, with the team with the most points winning the title and the three teams with the fewest points being relegated.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 38], "content_span": [39, 213]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076901-0000-0000", "contents": "1959 Campeonato Profesional\nThe 1959 Campeonato Profesional (1959 Professional Championship) was the 12th season of Colombia's top-flight football league. 12 teams compete against one another and played each weekend. Millonarios won the league for the 5th time in its history after getting 58 points. Santa Fe, the defending champion, was 8th with 40 points.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [27, 27], "content_span": [28, 358]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076901-0001-0000", "contents": "1959 Campeonato Profesional, Background\nTwelve teams competed in the tournament: Deportivo Cali, Independiente Medell\u00edn and Uni\u00f3n Magdalena returned, while Atl\u00e9tico Manizales was dissolved. Millonarios won the championship for fifth time.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 39], "content_span": [40, 238]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076901-0002-0000", "contents": "1959 Campeonato Profesional, League system\nEvery team played four games against each other team, two at home and two away. Teams received two points for a win and one point for a draw. If two or more teams were tied on points, places were determined by goal difference. The team with the most points is the champion of the league.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 42], "content_span": [43, 330]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076902-0000-0000", "contents": "1959 Campe\u00f3n de Campeones\nThe 1959 Campeon de Campeones was the 18th Mexican Super Cup football one-leg match played on May, 1959.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [25, 25], "content_span": [26, 130]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076903-0000-0000", "contents": "1959 Canada Cup\nThe 1959 Canada Cup took place 18\u201321 November at the Royal Melbourne Golf Club in Melbourne, Australia. It was the seventh Canada Cup event, which became the World Cup in 1967. The tournament was a 72-hole stroke play team event with 30 teams. These were the same teams that had competed in 1958 but without Ecuador, Peru and Venezuela and with the addition of Indonesia. Each team consisted of two players from a country. The combined score of each team determined the team results. The Australian team of Kel Nagle and Peter Thomson won by 10 strokes over the American team of Cary Middlecoff and Sam Snead. The individual competition was won by Canadian Stan Leonard, who beat Peter Thomson at the first hole of a sudden-death playoff.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 15], "section_span": [15, 15], "content_span": [16, 754]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076903-0001-0000", "contents": "1959 Canada Cup, Scores\nLeonard beat Thomson with a par 4 at the first hole of a sudden-death playoff.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 15], "section_span": [17, 23], "content_span": [24, 102]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076904-0000-0000", "contents": "1959 Cannes Film Festival\nThe 12th Cannes Film Festival was held from 30 April to 15 May 1959. The Palme d'Or went to the Orfeu Negro by Marcel Camus. The festival opened with Les Quatre Cents Coups, directed by Fran\u00e7ois Truffaut and closed with The Diary of Anne Frank, directed by George Stevens.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [25, 25], "content_span": [26, 298]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076904-0001-0000", "contents": "1959 Cannes Film Festival\nIn 1959, the March\u00e9 du Film (lit. Film Market) was established as the business counterpart of the Cannes Film Festival, with the aim of helping meet the needs of film industry professionals. Before this year the market was held unofficially in the cinemas of the rue d'Antibes in Cannes. Another important development of that year for the Festival, was that the French cinema moved away from  the Ministry of Industry and became part of Ministry of Cultural Affairs.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [25, 25], "content_span": [26, 492]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076904-0002-0000", "contents": "1959 Cannes Film Festival, Jury\nThe following people were appointed as the Jury of the 1959 competition:", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [27, 31], "content_span": [32, 104]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076904-0003-0000", "contents": "1959 Cannes Film Festival, Short film competition\nThe following short films competed for the Short Film Palme d'Or:", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [27, 49], "content_span": [50, 115]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076905-0000-0000", "contents": "1959 Caribbean Series\nThe eleventh edition of the Caribbean Series (Serie del Caribe) was played in 1959. It was held from February 10 through February 15 with the champions teams from Cuba (Almendares), Panama (Cocl\u00e9), Puerto Rico (Santurce) and Venezuela (Oriente). The format consisted of 12 games, each team facing the other teams twice. The games were played at UCV Stadium in Caracas, Venezuela, which boosted capacity to 35.000 seats, and the first pitch was thrown by Edgar Sanabria, by then the President of Venezuela.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [21, 21], "content_span": [22, 527]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076905-0001-0000", "contents": "1959 Caribbean Series, Summary\nCuba won the Series with a 5-1 record for a fourth straight championship. The Almendares club won for the second time guided by manager Sungo Carrera and led by 1B Rocky Nelson (.320 BA, six RBI), LF Carlos Paula (.462), 2B Tony Taylor (.346, .462 SLG) and RF Sandy Amor\u00f3s (.333). The pitching staff included starters Camilo Pascual (2-0, 16 strikeouts, 1.50 ERA, 18 innings), Orlando Pe\u00f1a (1-1, 17\u2154 innings) Art Fowler (1-0, 1.00, nine innings) and reliever Mike Cuellar (1-0, 0.00). Other players for Cuba included pitchers Tommy Lasorda, Cholly Naranjo  and Carlos Pascual in addition to Bob Allison (OF), Jim Baxes (3B), Dick Brown (C), Miguel de la Hoz (2B), Enrique Izquierdo (C), Willy Miranda (SS), Leonardo Posada (OF) and Angel Scull (OF).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [23, 30], "content_span": [31, 780]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076905-0002-0000", "contents": "1959 Caribbean Series, Summary\nVenezuela, with a low-profile team, finished an honourable second place after going 4-2. Managed by Kerby Farrell, the offense was anchored by RF/1B and Series MVP Norman Cash, who finished with a .360 BA (9-for-25), 11 RBI and a .680 SLG. Oriente also received a considerable support from 3B Luis Garc\u00eda and LF Jes\u00fas Mora, who tied for first place in the batting race with  a .417 average (10-for-24). Garc\u00eda added six runs, three doubles and slugged .625, while Mora collected four runs and a .583 SLG.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [23, 30], "content_span": [31, 535]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076905-0002-0001", "contents": "1959 Caribbean Series, Summary\nWerner Birrer was the top pitcher with a 2-0 record, including a 13-inning victory, a 1.25 ERA and 18 SO in 21\u2154 innings. He also set a Series record with 13 innings pitched in a single game (#2), while Cash set a new mark with six RBI in a single game (#8). Other players included Elio Chac\u00f3n (SS), Jim Owens (P), Ram\u00f3n Monzant (P) and Jerry Snyder (2B).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [23, 30], "content_span": [31, 385]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076905-0003-0000", "contents": "1959 Caribbean Series, Summary\nPuerto Rico, managed by Ram\u00f3n Concepci\u00f3n, disappointed with a 3-3 mark to finish in third place. C Valmy Thomas (.381) and 1B Orlando Cepeda (.333) led the attack, while Marion Fricano and Julio Navarro each pitched 1\u20130 shutouts. Santurce also featured Luis Arroyo (P), Joe Black (P), Jackie Brandt (CF), Orlando Cepeda (1B), Nino Escalera (1B/OF), Rub\u00e9n G\u00f3mez (P), Willie Kirkland (RF), Bob Lennon (LF), F\u00e9lix Maldonado (LF), Lloyd Merritt (P), Jos\u00e9 Pag\u00e1n (3B), Victor Pellot Power (2B), Jos\u00e9 Santiago (P) and Pete Wojey (P).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [23, 30], "content_span": [31, 557]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076905-0004-0000", "contents": "1959 Caribbean Series, Summary\nPanama finished in last place with a 0-6 record, to become the first winless team in Series history. The Cocl\u00e9 club was managed by Lester Peden and benefited from a solid effort by RF Ken Hunt, who hit .304 with five RBI, home run, triple and a .609 SLG. Other players included P Bud Black, IF Owen Friend, SS Pumpsie Green, OF Gail Henley and IF/OF Joe Tuminelli, among others.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [23, 30], "content_span": [31, 409]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076906-0000-0000", "contents": "1959 Central African parliamentary election\nParliamentary elections were held in the Central African Republic on 5 and 29 April 1959. The result was a victory for the Movement for the Social Evolution of Black Africa (MESAN), which won all 48 contested seats on election day. Two seats were left vacant, and the vote for one seat won by MESAN was declared void. In a re-run, all three seats were won by MESAN, giving it all 50 seats in the National Assembly. Voter turnout was 56.71%.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 43], "section_span": [43, 43], "content_span": [44, 484]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076907-0000-0000", "contents": "1959 Central American and Caribbean Games\nThe 8th Central American and Caribbean Games were held in Caracas, Venezuela, and it was the first time this nation had held the Games. The Games were held from 6 January to 15 January 1959 and included 1,150 athletes from twelve nations, competing in seventeen sports.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 41], "section_span": [41, 41], "content_span": [42, 311]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076908-0000-0000", "contents": "1959 Central Michigan Chippewas football team\nThe 1959 Central Michigan Chippewas football team represented Central Michigan University in the Interstate Intercollegiate Athletic Conference (IIAC) during the 1959 NCAA College Division football season. In their ninth season under head coach Kenneth Kelly, the Chippewas compiled a 7\u20133 record (4\u20132 against IIAC opponents) and outscored their opponents by a combined total of 233 to 155.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 45], "section_span": [45, 45], "content_span": [46, 435]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076908-0001-0000", "contents": "1959 Central Michigan Chippewas football team\nThe team's statistical leaders included Oarie Lemanski with 962 passing yards and Jerry O\u2019Neil with 821 rushing yards and 296 receiving yards. Halfback Walter Beach received the team's most valuable player award for the second consecutive year. No Central Michigan players received first-team honors on the All-IIAC team.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 45], "section_span": [45, 45], "content_span": [46, 367]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076909-0000-0000", "contents": "1959 Chadian parliamentary election\nParliamentary elections were held in Chad on 31 May 1959. The result was a victory for the Chadian Progressive Party, which won 57 of the 85 seats in the enlarged National Assembly.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [35, 35], "content_span": [36, 217]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076910-0000-0000", "contents": "1959 Chatham Cup\nThe 1959 Chatham Cup was the 32nd annual nationwide knockout football competition in New Zealand.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 16], "section_span": [16, 16], "content_span": [17, 114]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076910-0001-0000", "contents": "1959 Chatham Cup\nThe competition was run on a regional basis, with regional associations each holding separate qualifying rounds. Teams taking part in the final rounds are known to have included North Shore United, Rangers (Bay of Plenty), Hamilton Wanderers, Eastern Union (Gisborne), Moturoa AFC (New Plymouth), Colenso Athletic (Hawkes Bay), Wanganui Athletic, Massey College (Manawatu), Miramar Rangers, Nelson Rangers, Western (Christchurch), Northern (Dunedin), Brigadiers (Invercargill).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 16], "section_span": [16, 16], "content_span": [17, 494]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076910-0002-0000", "contents": "1959 Chatham Cup, The 1959 final\nNorthern became the first Chatham Cup winners from Otago since Seacliff won the first final in 1923, winning the cup for the first time in their sixth final. Northern goalkeeper Jim Stephenson was playing in his fourth final for the club; he was to play in two more in 1961 and 1962, to become the first player to play in six finals.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 16], "section_span": [18, 32], "content_span": [33, 366]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076910-0003-0000", "contents": "1959 Chatham Cup, The 1959 final\nThe game had a frantic start, with a goal coming for each side in the opening five minutes. Cliff Schmidt turned the ball into his own net to give the lead to Northern after just two minutes. The lead was only to last for some 90 seconds, with Alex Middleton heading the ball into the Dunedin side's net. Goals either side of the half-time interval from Bill Berry and George Little gave Northern a 3\u20131 lead. Chris Foulkes reduced the deficit late on, but despite strong pressure from the Aucklanders Northern held on to win the match by the odd goal in five.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 16], "section_span": [18, 32], "content_span": [33, 592]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076911-0000-0000", "contents": "1959 Chattanooga Moccasins football team\nThe 1959 Chattanooga Moccasins football team was an American football team that represented the University of Chattanooga (now known as the University of Tennessee at Chattanooga) as an independent during the 1959 NCAA College Division football season. In their 29th year under head coach Scrappy Moore, the team compiled a 3\u20137 record.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [40, 40], "content_span": [41, 376]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076912-0000-0000", "contents": "1959 Chicago Bears season\nThe 1959 season was the Chicago Bears' 40th in the National Football League. The team matched on their 8\u20134 record from 1958 under the coaching of George Halas, winning their last seven games.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [25, 25], "content_span": [26, 217]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076912-0001-0000", "contents": "1959 Chicago Bears season, Game summaries, Standings\nNote: Tie games were not officially counted in the standings until 1972.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [27, 52], "content_span": [53, 125]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076913-0000-0000", "contents": "1959 Chicago Cardinals season\nThe 1959 Chicago Cardinals season was the team's 40th and final season in Chicago. The Cardinals opened the season with a 49\u201321 home win over the Washington Redskins at Soldier Field, but finished with a record of two wins and ten losses, last place in the Eastern Conference. They tied with the Los Angeles Rams for the worst record in the 12-team league.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [29, 29], "content_span": [30, 386]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076913-0001-0000", "contents": "1959 Chicago Cardinals season\nTheir final home game in Chicago was on November 29, a 31\u20137 loss to the cross-town rival Bears at Soldier Field. The home games of October 25 and November 22, both losses, were played in Minnesota at Metropolitan Stadium in Bloomington, the future home of the expansion Minnesota Vikings, starting two years later in 1961.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [29, 29], "content_span": [30, 352]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076913-0002-0000", "contents": "1959 Chicago Cardinals season\nIn March 1960, the Chicago Cardinals relocated to St. Louis and became the St. Louis Cardinals, bringing the NFL back to Missouri.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [29, 29], "content_span": [30, 160]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076913-0003-0000", "contents": "1959 Chicago Cardinals season, Regular season, Standings\nNote: Tie games were not officially counted in the standings until 1972.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 56], "content_span": [57, 129]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076914-0000-0000", "contents": "1959 Chicago Cubs season\nThe 1959 Chicago Cubs season was the 88th season of the Chicago Cubs franchise, the 84th in the National League and the 44th at Wrigley Field. The Cubs tied the Cincinnati Reds for fifth in the National League with a record of 74\u201380, thirteen games behind the NL and World Series champion Los Angeles Dodgers.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [24, 24], "content_span": [25, 334]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076914-0001-0000", "contents": "1959 Chicago Cubs season, Regular season\nErnie Banks became the first shortstop in the history of the NL to win the MVP award in back to back seasons.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 40], "content_span": [41, 150]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076914-0002-0000", "contents": "1959 Chicago Cubs season, Regular season\nOne of baseball history's weirdest plays took place on June 30, 1959, when the St. Louis Cardinals played the Cubs at Wrigley Field. Stan Musial was at the plate facing Bob Anderson with a count of 3\u20131. Anderson's next pitch was errant, the ball evaded catcher Sammy Taylor and rolled all the way to the backstop. Umpire Vic Delmore called \"ball four\", but Anderson and Taylor contended that Musial foul tipped the ball. Because the ball was still in play and Delmore was embroiled in an argument with Anderson and Taylor, Musial tried to run for second base.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 40], "content_span": [41, 600]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076914-0002-0001", "contents": "1959 Chicago Cubs season, Regular season\nSeeing that Musial was running to second, third baseman Alvin Dark ran to the backstop to retrieve the ball. The ball wound up in the hands of field announcer Pat Pieper, but Dark ended up getting it back anyway. Absentmindedly, however, Delmore pulled out a new baseball and gave it to Taylor. When Anderson noticed that Musial was trying for second, he took the new ball from Sammy Taylor and threw it towards Tony Taylor covering second base, and the ball went over Taylor's head into the outfield. At the same time that Anderson threw the new ball towards second baseman Taylor, Dark threw the original ball to shortstop Ernie Banks. Musial did not see the throw and he was declared out when the tag was made.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 40], "content_span": [41, 754]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076914-0003-0000", "contents": "1959 Chicago Cubs season, Player stats, Batting, Starters by position\nNote: Pos = position; G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 69], "content_span": [70, 194]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076914-0004-0000", "contents": "1959 Chicago Cubs season, Player stats, Batting, Other batters\nNote: G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 62], "content_span": [63, 171]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076914-0005-0000", "contents": "1959 Chicago Cubs season, Player stats, Pitching, Starting pitchers\nNote: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 67], "content_span": [68, 178]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076914-0006-0000", "contents": "1959 Chicago Cubs season, Player stats, Pitching, Other pitchers\nNote: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 64], "content_span": [65, 175]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076914-0007-0000", "contents": "1959 Chicago Cubs season, Player stats, Pitching, Relief pitchers\nNote: G = Games pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; SV = Saves; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 65], "content_span": [66, 166]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076915-0000-0000", "contents": "1959 Chicago White Sox season\nThe 1959 Chicago White Sox season was the team's 59th season in the major leagues, and its 60th season overall. They finished with a record 94\u201360, good enough to win the American League (AL) championship, five games ahead of the second place Cleveland Indians. It was the team's first pennant since 1919 and would be its last until their championship season of 2005.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [29, 29], "content_span": [30, 396]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076915-0001-0000", "contents": "1959 Chicago White Sox season, Regular season\nIn 1959, the team won its first pennant in 40 years, thanks to the efforts of several eventual Hall of Famers \u2013 manager Al L\u00f3pez, Luis Aparicio, Nellie Fox (the league MVP), and pitcher Early Wynn, who won the Cy Young Award at a time when only one award was presented for both leagues. Veteran catcher Sherm Lollar provided quiet leadership on and off the field, leading the team in home runs and RBIs. The White Sox also acquired slugger Ted Kluszewski in August, a local area native, from the Pittsburgh Pirates for the final pennant push.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 45], "content_span": [46, 588]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076915-0001-0001", "contents": "1959 Chicago White Sox season, Regular season\nKluszewski gave the team the needed power-hitting for the stretch run and hit nearly .300 in the final month of play for the White Sox. Lopez had also managed the Cleveland Indians to the World Series in 1954, making him the only manager to interrupt the New York Yankees pennant run between 1949 and 1964.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 45], "content_span": [46, 352]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076915-0002-0000", "contents": "1959 Chicago White Sox season, Regular season\nAfter the pennant-clinching victory, Chicago Mayor Richard J. Daley, a lifelong White Sox fan, ordered his fire chief to set off the city's air raid sirens. Many Chicagoans became fearful and confused since 1959 was the height of the Cold War; however, they relaxed somewhat upon realizing it was part of the White Sox' celebration. The Sox won Game 1 of the World Series 11\u20130 on the strength of Kluszewski's two home runs, their last postseason home win until 2005.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 45], "content_span": [46, 512]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076915-0002-0001", "contents": "1959 Chicago White Sox season, Regular season\nThe Los Angeles Dodgers, however, won three of the next four games and captured their first World Series championship since moving to the west coast in 1958. 92,706 fans witnessed Game 5 of the World Series at the Los Angeles Memorial Coliseum, the most ever to attend a World Series game, or for that matter any non-exhibition major league baseball game. The White Sox won that game 1\u20130 over the Dodgers' 23-year-old pitcher Sandy Koufax, but the Dodgers clinched the series by beating the Sox 9\u20133 two days later at Comiskey Park.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 45], "content_span": [46, 577]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076915-0003-0000", "contents": "1959 Chicago White Sox season, Regular season\nFox became the last player in the 20th century to have five hits on Opening Day.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 45], "content_span": [46, 126]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076915-0004-0000", "contents": "1959 Chicago White Sox season, Player stats, Batting\nNote: G = Games played; AB = At bats; R = Runs scored; H = Hits; 2B = Doubles; 3B = Triples; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in; BB = Base on balls; SO = Strikeouts; AVG = Batting average; SB = Stolen bases", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 52], "content_span": [53, 261]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076915-0005-0000", "contents": "1959 Chicago White Sox season, Player stats, Pitching\nNote: W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; G = Games pitched; GS = Games started; SV = Saves; IP = Innings pitched; H = Hits allowed; R = Runs allowed; ER = Earned runs allowed; HR = Home runs allowed; BB = Walks allowed; K = Strikeouts", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 53], "content_span": [54, 301]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076915-0006-0000", "contents": "1959 Chicago White Sox season, 1959 World Series\nNL Los Angeles Dodgers (4) vs. AL Chicago White Sox (2)", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 48], "content_span": [49, 104]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076916-0000-0000", "contents": "1959 Chicago mayoral election\nIn the Chicago mayoral election of 1959, Richard J. Daley was elected to a second term as mayor by a landslide margin of more-than 40%.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [29, 29], "content_span": [30, 165]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076916-0001-0000", "contents": "1959 Chicago mayoral election, Background\nHeading into the 1959 election, Daley had strong support as mayor across party lines. The Republican Party, however, insisted it stood a chance of winning the mayoral election, with governor William Stratton stating, \"I can think of four or five good candidates,\" the party could run against Daley, but conceding, \"whether they will run is another matter.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 41], "content_span": [42, 397]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076916-0002-0000", "contents": "1959 Chicago mayoral election, Background\nBy 1959, Chicago's black voters had strongly come to support the Democratic Party.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 41], "content_span": [42, 124]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076916-0003-0000", "contents": "1959 Chicago mayoral election, Background\nWhile they leaned very Republican and had opposed him in the 1955 election, the city's business community had come to support Daley by 1959. Part of there support was won through his focus on improving the city's business district. Particularly, the Development Plan for the Central Area of Chicago placed a strong emphasis on development in the Loop.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 41], "content_span": [42, 393]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076916-0003-0001", "contents": "1959 Chicago mayoral election, Background\nOther support from the business community was won by his dedication to projects such as highways, parking lots, and the development of O'Hare Airport (O'Hare, which had opened for passenger service the year Daley had become mayor, saw developments during Daley's term that positioned it to become the city's major airport). Daley had also shown a willingness to do favors for businessmen, and bend rules for them, with one national commentator remarking, \"Daley has made it easier to do business in Chicago than almost anywhere else in the country.\"", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 41], "content_span": [42, 591]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076916-0004-0000", "contents": "1959 Chicago mayoral election, Background\nThe city's newspapers, which had largely been in opposition to Daley in 1955, had come around to supporting him by 1959, with the Chicago Sun-Times even declaring on the day that Daley launched his reelection campaign that, \"Dick Daley has been one of the best mayors in Chicago's history\".", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 41], "content_span": [42, 332]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076916-0005-0000", "contents": "1959 Chicago mayoral election, Nominations, Democratic primary\nDaley launched his reelection campaign December 11, 1958 at the Morrison Hotel, before a crowd of greater than 1,000 loyalists of the Cook County Democratic Party. An hour after this, Chicago Federation of Labor president William Lee declared that Daley would receive the organization's endorsement for both the primary and general elections (before the Republicans even had a chance to name a challenger to Daley).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 62], "content_span": [63, 478]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076916-0006-0000", "contents": "1959 Chicago mayoral election, Nominations, Republican primary\nSheehan, a former Republican congressman, faced no serious competition in the Republican primary. He had been drafted by the party to run.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 62], "content_span": [63, 201]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076916-0007-0000", "contents": "1959 Chicago mayoral election, Nominations, Republican primary\nSheehan had recently lost reelection to Congress in 1958. Sheehan was a conservative Republican.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 62], "content_span": [63, 159]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076916-0008-0000", "contents": "1959 Chicago mayoral election, General election\nWhile he was a Republican congressman, Sheehan had nevertheless earned the respect of many Democrats. This gave him the potential to possibly earn votes in the general election of an overwhelmingly Democratic city. However, he ultimately was handed a landslide defeat from Daley.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 47], "content_span": [48, 327]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076916-0009-0000", "contents": "1959 Chicago mayoral election, General election\nSheehan sought in his campaign to characterize Daley as the head of a corrupt power-hungry political machine. Sheehan rubbed-in that Paul Powell, a bitter political rival of Daley,  had recently been elected Speaker of the Illinois House of Representatives, despite Daley's efforts to prevent this. Sheehan argued that crime and drugs were rampant on the South Side because they received protection from Daley and the Democratic machine, saying, \"there seems to be a positive correlation and connection between those areas which have suffered a breakdown of law and order and the Democratic Party success\". Sheehan also criticized Daley's plans for construction of public housing, arguing that his plans would result in \"skyscraper slums\".", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 47], "content_span": [48, 787]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076916-0010-0000", "contents": "1959 Chicago mayoral election, General election\nDaley publicly spoke of the many civic improvements he had achieved in his term as mayor. Daley also focused a lot of effort on shoring up the turnout of Democratic machine voters. Sheehan's efforts to convince voters that Daley's administration was corrupt were to little avail.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 47], "content_span": [48, 327]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076916-0011-0000", "contents": "1959 Chicago mayoral election, General election\nDaley was strongly backed by President of the Cook County Board of Commissioners Dan Ryan Jr..", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 47], "content_span": [48, 142]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076916-0012-0000", "contents": "1959 Chicago mayoral election, General election\nDaley, despite being a political boss, received strong support from a number of reform-minded Democrats. Daley saw support from former Illinois Governor and two-time Democratic presidential nominee Adlai Stevenson II, who at a Democratic rally held near the end of the campaign remarked in praise of Daley, \"I dare say that seldom if ever have we been served by such a combination of politician and idealist, who by the arts of one could achieve the objectives of the other.\" He also received the backing of US Senator Paul Douglas, who in one speech supporting Daley called him, \"the best mayor Chicago ever had\".", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 47], "content_span": [48, 662]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076916-0013-0000", "contents": "1959 Chicago mayoral election, General election\nSheehan saw support from, among others, incumbent Governor William Stratton. However, Sheehan's supporters focused much of their stump speeches on deploring Daley, rather than extolling the virtues of Sheehan.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 47], "content_span": [48, 257]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076916-0014-0000", "contents": "1959 Chicago mayoral election, General election\nDaley was able to adapt to the audiences he spoke before, portraying himself as an ally of the black community in speeches before black audiences, and adopting reformist rhetoric when speaking to anti-machine audiences.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 47], "content_span": [48, 267]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076916-0015-0000", "contents": "1959 Chicago mayoral election, General election\nReviving a tactic used in his previous campaign, a \"Volunteers for Daley\" committee was formed to generate support among reform Democrats.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 47], "content_span": [48, 186]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076916-0016-0000", "contents": "1959 Chicago mayoral election, General election, Results\nDaley carried 49 of the city's 50 wards. The sole ward he lost was the 41st Ward, located on the Far Northwest Side, which was Sheehan's home ward.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 56], "content_span": [57, 204]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076917-0000-0000", "contents": "1959 Chico State Wildcats football team\nThe 1959 Chico State Wildcats football team represented Chico State College during the 1959 NCAA College Division football season. Chico State competed in the Far Western Conference in 1959. They played home games at College Field in Chico, California.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [39, 39], "content_span": [40, 292]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076917-0001-0000", "contents": "1959 Chico State Wildcats football team\nThe 1959 Wildcats were led by second-year head coach George Maderos. Chico State finished the season with a record of four wins and four losses (4\u20134, 2\u20133 FWC). The Wildcats outscored their opponents 186\u2013116 for the season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [39, 39], "content_span": [40, 262]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076917-0002-0000", "contents": "1959 Chico State Wildcats football team, Team players in the NFL\nNo Chico State players were selected in the 1960 NFL Draft.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 64], "content_span": [65, 124]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076918-0000-0000", "contents": "1959 Christchurch mayoral election\nThe 1959 Christchurch mayoral election was part of the New Zealand local elections held that same year. In 1959, election were held for the Mayor of Christchurch plus other local government positions. The polling was conducted using the standard first-past-the-post electoral method.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [34, 34], "content_span": [35, 318]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076918-0001-0000", "contents": "1959 Christchurch mayoral election, Background\nSitting mayor George Manning was re-elected for a full term, with a decreased majority, opposed only by Harold Smith of the Citizens' Association. Smith was successful in winning a seat on the council and was appointed deputy mayor. The Citizens' Association won every council seat leaving Manning as the only Labour Party elected representative in Christchurch.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [36, 46], "content_span": [47, 409]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076919-0000-0000", "contents": "1959 Cincinnati Bearcats football team\nThe 1959 Cincinnati Bearcats football team represented the University of Cincinnati in the Missouri Valley Conference during the 1959 NCAA University Division football season under head coach George Blackburn.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [38, 38], "content_span": [39, 248]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076920-0000-0000", "contents": "1959 Cincinnati Reds season\nThe 1959 Cincinnati Reds season consisted of the Reds finishing in a fifth-place tie with the Chicago Cubs in the National League standings, with a record of 74\u201380, 13 games behind the NL and World Champion Los Angeles Dodgers.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [27, 27], "content_span": [28, 255]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076920-0001-0000", "contents": "1959 Cincinnati Reds season\nPrior to the season the club, after calling themselves the Cincinnati Redlegs for the past six seasons, changed its nickname back to the Reds. The Reds played their home games at Crosley Field, where they attracted 801,298 fans, eighth and last in the Senior Circuit.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [27, 27], "content_span": [28, 295]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076920-0002-0000", "contents": "1959 Cincinnati Reds season, Regular season\nFor the second consecutive season, the Reds played under two managers. Mayo Smith, hired during the previous off-season, managed the Reds to a 35\u201345 start, seventh in the eight-team league. He was replaced during the first All-Star break by Fred Hutchinson, manager of their Triple-A Seattle Rainiers affiliate, on July 9. Hutchinson then led Cincinnati to a 39\u201335 record the rest of the way.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 43], "content_span": [44, 436]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076920-0003-0000", "contents": "1959 Cincinnati Reds season, Player stats, Batting, Starters by position\nNote: Pos = Position; G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 72], "content_span": [73, 197]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076920-0004-0000", "contents": "1959 Cincinnati Reds season, Player stats, Batting, Other batters\nNote: G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 65], "content_span": [66, 174]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076920-0005-0000", "contents": "1959 Cincinnati Reds season, Player stats, Pitching, Starting pitchers\nNote: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 70], "content_span": [71, 181]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076920-0006-0000", "contents": "1959 Cincinnati Reds season, Player stats, Pitching, Other pitchers\nNote: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 67], "content_span": [68, 178]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076920-0007-0000", "contents": "1959 Cincinnati Reds season, Player stats, Pitching, Relief pitchers\nNote: G = Games pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; SV = Saves; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 68], "content_span": [69, 169]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076921-0000-0000", "contents": "1959 Claxton Shield\nThe 1959 Claxton Shield was the 20th annual Claxton Shield, it was held in Melbourne, Victoria. It was originally scheduled for Perth, Western Australia, but when teams hinted at pulling out of the Shield that year due to travel costs, the venue was moved. The participants were South Australia, New South Wales, Victoria, Western Australia and Queensland. The series was won by South Australia, claiming their fifth Shield title.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [19, 19], "content_span": [20, 450]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076922-0000-0000", "contents": "1959 Clemson Tigers baseball team\nThe 1959 Clemson Tigers baseball team represented Clemson University in the 1959 NCAA University Division baseball season. The team played their home games at Riggs Field in Clemson, South Carolina.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [33, 33], "content_span": [34, 232]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076922-0001-0000", "contents": "1959 Clemson Tigers baseball team\nThe team was coached by Bill Wilhelm, who completed his second season at Clemson. The Tigers reached the 1959 College World Series, their second appearance in Omaha.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [33, 33], "content_span": [34, 199]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076923-0000-0000", "contents": "1959 Clemson Tigers football team\nThe 1959 Clemson Tigers football team was an American football team that represented Clemson College in the Atlantic Coast Conference (ACC) during the 1959 NCAA University Division football season. In its 20th season under head coach Frank Howard, the team compiled a 9\u20132 record (6\u20131 against conference opponents), won the ACC championship, was ranked No. 11 in the final AP and Coaches Polls, defeated TCU in the 1959 Bluebonnet Bowl, and outscored opponents by a total of 285 to 103. The team played its home games at Memorial Stadium in Clemson, South Carolina.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [33, 33], "content_span": [34, 598]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076923-0001-0000", "contents": "1959 Clemson Tigers football team\nThe annual game against South Carolina was played on Thursday at the South Carolina State Fair for the final time. Clemson's 300th win came in the Bluebonnet Bowl against TCU.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [33, 33], "content_span": [34, 209]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076923-0002-0000", "contents": "1959 Clemson Tigers football team\nCenter Bill Thomas was the team captain. The team's statistical leaders included quarterback Harvey White with 770 passing yards, and fullback Doug Cline with 482 rushing yards, and halfback Bill Mathis with 70 points scored (11 touchdowns, 4 extra points).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [33, 33], "content_span": [34, 291]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076923-0003-0000", "contents": "1959 Clemson Tigers football team\nTackle Lou Cordileone was selected as a first-team All-American by Time magazine and a third-team All-American by the Associated Press (AP) and United Press International (UPI). Four Clemson players were selected as first-team players on the 1959 All-Atlantic Coast Conference football team: Cordileone; halfback Bill Mathis; end Gary Barnes; and center Paul Snyder.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [33, 33], "content_span": [34, 400]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076924-0000-0000", "contents": "1959 Cleveland Browns season\nThe 1959 Cleveland Browns season was the team's tenth season with the National Football League. Future Hall of Fame running back Jim Brown rushed for 1,329 yards, leading the league for the third straight year, and 14 touchdowns. QB Milt Plum, who was drafted by the Browns in the 1957 draft with Brown would emerge as a solid quarterback. The Browns had been looking for a replacement for Otto Graham ever since the Hall of Famer retired\u2014for the second time\u2014following the 1955 season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [28, 28], "content_span": [29, 514]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076924-0000-0001", "contents": "1959 Cleveland Browns season\nThey finally found him when Plum, a second-round draft pick in 1957, threw for 14 TDs with just six interceptions. However, the Browns would finish just 7\u20135 in 1959,the second in what would turn out to be a string of six straight seasons in which the Browns had decent to very good teams without qualifying for the postseason. The 7\u20135 record was also the second worst record since head coach Paul Brown's tenure with the team.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [28, 28], "content_span": [29, 455]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076924-0001-0000", "contents": "1959 Cleveland Browns season, Regular Season Schedule, Standings\nNote: Tie games were not officially counted in the standings until 1972.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 64], "content_span": [65, 137]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076925-0000-0000", "contents": "1959 Cleveland Indians season\nThe 1959 Cleveland Indians season was the 59th in franchise history. The Indians finished in second place in the American League with a record of 89 wins and 65 losses, five games behind the AL Champion Chicago White Sox.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [29, 29], "content_span": [30, 251]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076925-0001-0000", "contents": "1959 Cleveland Indians season, Regular season\nOn June 10, right fielder Rocky Colavito hit four home runs in one game against the Baltimore Orioles.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 45], "content_span": [46, 148]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076925-0002-0000", "contents": "1959 Cleveland Indians season, Player stats, Batting, Starters by position\nNote: Pos = Position; G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 74], "content_span": [75, 199]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076925-0003-0000", "contents": "1959 Cleveland Indians season, Player stats, Batting, Other batters\nNote: G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 67], "content_span": [68, 176]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076925-0004-0000", "contents": "1959 Cleveland Indians season, Player stats, Pitching, Starting pitchers\nNote: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 72], "content_span": [73, 183]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076925-0005-0000", "contents": "1959 Cleveland Indians season, Player stats, Pitching, Other pitchers\nNote: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 69], "content_span": [70, 180]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076925-0006-0000", "contents": "1959 Cleveland Indians season, Player stats, Pitching, Relief pitchers\nNote: G = Games pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; SV = Saves; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 70], "content_span": [71, 171]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076926-0000-0000", "contents": "1959 Cleveland mayoral election\nThe Cleveland mayoral election of 1959 saw the reelection of incumbent mayor Anthony J. Celebrezze.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [31, 31], "content_span": [32, 131]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076927-0000-0000", "contents": "1959 Colgate Red Raiders football team\nThe 1959 Colgate Red Raiders football team was an American football team that represented Colgate University as an independent during the 1959 NCAA University Division football season. After the resignation of Fred Rice, the university hired Alva Kelley away from Brown University to be Colgate's new head coach. Kelley led the team to a 2\u20137 record is his first season. Joseph Wignot was the team captain.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [38, 38], "content_span": [39, 444]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076927-0001-0000", "contents": "1959 Colgate Red Raiders football team\nThe team played its home games at Colgate Athletic Field in Hamilton, New York.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [38, 38], "content_span": [39, 118]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076928-0000-0000", "contents": "1959 College Baseball All-America Team\nAn All-American team is an honorary sports team composed of the best amateur players of a specific season for each team position\u2014who in turn are given the honorific \"All-America\" and typically referred to as \"All-American athletes\", or simply \"All-Americans\". Although the honorees generally do not compete together as a unit, the term is used in U.S. team sports to refer to players who are selected by members of the national media. Walter Camp selected the first All-America team in the early days of American football in 1889.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [38, 38], "content_span": [39, 569]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076928-0001-0000", "contents": "1959 College Baseball All-America Team\nFrom 1947 to 1980, the American Baseball Coaches Association was the only All-American selector recognized by the NCAA.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [38, 38], "content_span": [39, 158]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076929-0000-0000", "contents": "1959 College Football All-America Team\nThe 1959 College Football All-America team is composed of college football players who were selected as All-Americans by various organizations and writers that chose College Football All-America Teams in 1959. The six selectors recognized by the NCAA as \"official\" for the 1959 season are (1) the American Football Coaches Association (AFCA), (2) the Associated Press (AP), (3) the Football Writers Association of America (FWAA), (4) the Newspaper Enterprise Association (NEA), (5) The Sporting News (TSN), and (6) the United Press International (UPI).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [38, 38], "content_span": [39, 591]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076929-0001-0000", "contents": "1959 College Football All-America Team\nBilly Cannon of LSU, Charlie Flowers of Ole Miss, Dan Lanphear of Wisconsin, and Roger Davis of Syracuse were the only four players to be unanimously named first-team All-Americans by all six official selectors. Cannon won the 1959 Heisman Trophy.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [38, 38], "content_span": [39, 286]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076929-0002-0000", "contents": "1959 College Football All-America Team, Consensus All-Americans\nFor the year 1959, the NCAA recognizes six published All-American teams as \"official\" designations for purposes of its consensus determinations. The following chart identifies the NCAA-recognized consensus All-Americans and displays which first-team designations they received.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 63], "content_span": [64, 341]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076930-0000-0000", "contents": "1959 Colorado Buffaloes football team\nThe 1959 Colorado Buffaloes football team was an American football team that represented the University of Colorado during the 1959 NCAA University Division football season. Head coach Sonny Grandelius led the team to a 3\u20133 mark in the \"Big 7\" and 5\u20135 overall.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [37, 37], "content_span": [38, 298]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076931-0000-0000", "contents": "1959 Colorado State College Bears baseball team\nThe 1959 Colorado State College Bears baseball team represented Colorado State College in the 1959 NCAA University Division baseball season. The Bears played their home games at Jackson Field. The team was coached by Pete Butler in his 17th year at Colorado State College.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 47], "section_span": [47, 47], "content_span": [48, 320]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076931-0001-0000", "contents": "1959 Colorado State College Bears baseball team\nThe Bears won the District VII playoff to advanced to the College World Series, where they were defeated by the Clemson Tigers.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 47], "section_span": [47, 47], "content_span": [48, 175]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076932-0000-0000", "contents": "1959 Colorado State Rams football team\nThe 1959 Colorado State Rams football team represented Colorado State University in the Skyline Conference during the 1959 NCAA University Division football season. In their fourth season under head coach Don Mullison, the Rams compiled a 6\u20134 record (5\u20132 against Skyline opponents), finished second in the Skyline Conference, and were outscored by opponents by a total of 147 to 123.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [38, 38], "content_span": [39, 422]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076932-0001-0000", "contents": "1959 Colorado State Rams football team\nThe team's statistical leaders included Bill Wade with 197 passing yards, Wayne Schneider with 457 rushing yards, and Al Fortune with 99 receiving yards.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [38, 38], "content_span": [39, 192]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076933-0000-0000", "contents": "1959 Columbia Lions football team\nThe 1959 Columbia Lions football team was an American football team that represented Columbia University during the 1958 NCAA University Division football season. Columbia finished last in the Ivy League.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [33, 33], "content_span": [34, 238]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076933-0001-0000", "contents": "1959 Columbia Lions football team\nIn their third season under head coach Aldo \"Buff\" Donelli, the Lions compiled a 2\u20137 record and were outscored 210 to 82. Harvey Brookins was the team captain.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [33, 33], "content_span": [34, 193]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076933-0002-0000", "contents": "1959 Columbia Lions football team\nThe Lions' 1\u20136 conference record placed eighth in the Ivy League. Columbia was outscored 139 to 56 by Ivy opponents.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [33, 33], "content_span": [34, 150]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076933-0003-0000", "contents": "1959 Columbia Lions football team\nColumbia played its home games at Baker Field in Upper Manhattan, in New York City.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [33, 33], "content_span": [34, 117]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076934-0000-0000", "contents": "1959 Comoros by-election\nA by-election to the French National Assembly was held in the Comoros on 31 May 1959. The result was a victory for the List for the Fifth Republic, which won both seats up for election. The two seats were taken by Sa\u00efd Mohamed Cheikh and Sa\u00efd Ibrahim Ben Ali.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [24, 24], "content_span": [25, 284]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076935-0000-0000", "contents": "1959 Connecticut Huskies baseball team\nThe 1959 Connecticut Huskies baseball team represented the University of Connecticut in the 1959 NCAA University Division baseball season. The Huskies were led by J. O. Christian in his 24th year as head coach, and played as part of the Yankee Conference. Connecticut posted a 20\u20133 record, earned the Yankee Conference championship with a 10\u20130 regular season to claim the automatic bid to the 1959 NCAA University Division Baseball Tournament. They were an automatic selection to the 1959 College World Series for District 1, their second appearance in the ultimate college baseball event. The Huskies lost their first game against Penn State and were eliminated by Western Michigan.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [38, 38], "content_span": [39, 722]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076936-0000-0000", "contents": "1959 Connecticut Huskies football team\nThe 1959 Connecticut Huskies football team represented the University of Connecticut in the 1959 NCAA College Division football season. The Huskies were led by eighth-year head coach Bob Ingalls, and completed the season with a record of 6\u20133.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [38, 38], "content_span": [39, 281]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076937-0000-0000", "contents": "1959 Cook's River state by-election\nA by-election was held for the New South Wales Legislative Assembly seat of Cook's River on Saturday, 12 December 1959 and was triggered by the death in office of the Premier of New South Wales, Joseph Cahill (Labor).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [35, 35], "content_span": [36, 253]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076937-0001-0000", "contents": "1959 Cook's River state by-election\nThe seat was subsequently retained for the Labor Party by his eldest son Tom. Despite Cook's River being a safe Labor seat, the Liberal Party fielded a candidate, John Bampton, a soap manufacturer. The Labor primary vote improved by 1.6% compared to the previous year's general election. The Communist Party of Australia stood Wal Buckley, an organiser for the Amalgamated Engineering Union, but only gained 4.6% of the vote.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [35, 35], "content_span": [36, 461]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076937-0002-0000", "contents": "1959 Cook's River state by-election, Results\nThe Labor Party retained the seat on an improved margin, which was nonetheless significant due to the large personal vote for Cahill and sympathy after his death which was then carried by his son.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 44], "content_span": [45, 241]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076938-0000-0000", "contents": "1959 Copa Chile\nThe Copa Chile 1959 was the 2nd edition of the Chilean Cup tournament. The competition started on November 21, 1959 and concluded on December 22, 1959. Santiago Wanderers won the competition for the first time, beating Deportes La Serena on the final.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 15], "section_span": [15, 15], "content_span": [16, 267]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076938-0001-0000", "contents": "1959 Copa Chile\nMatches were scheduled to be played at the stadium of the team named first on the date specified for each round. From the beginning of the second Round, if scores were level after 90 minutes had been played, an extra time took place.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 15], "section_span": [15, 15], "content_span": [16, 249]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076939-0000-0000", "contents": "1959 Copa del General\u00edsimo Final\nThe Copa del General\u00edsimo 1959 Final was the 57th final of the King's Cup. The final was played at Santiago Bernab\u00e9u Stadium in Madrid, on 21 June 1959, being won by CF Barcelona, who beat Granada CF 4-1.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [32, 32], "content_span": [33, 237]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076940-0000-0000", "contents": "1959 Copa del General\u00edsimo Juvenil\nThe 1959 Copa del General\u00edsimo Juvenil was the ninth staging of the tournament. The competition began on March 1, 1959, and ended on June 29, 1959, with the final.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [34, 34], "content_span": [35, 198]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076941-0000-0000", "contents": "1959 Coppa Italia Final\nThe 1959 Coppa Italia Final was the final of the 1958\u201359 Coppa Italia. The match was played on 13 September 1959 between Internazionale and Juventus. Juventus won 4\u20131; it was their third victory.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [23, 23], "content_span": [24, 219]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076942-0000-0000", "contents": "1959 Cork Intermediate Hurling Championship\nThe 1959 Cork Intermediate Hurling Championship was the 50th staging of the Cork Intermediate Hurling Championship since its establishment by the Cork County Board in 1909. The draw for the opening round fixtures took place at the Cork Convention on 25 January 1959.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 43], "section_span": [43, 43], "content_span": [44, 310]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076942-0001-0000", "contents": "1959 Cork Intermediate Hurling Championship\nOn 13 September 1959, Mallow won the championship following a 2-08 to 3-03 defeat of St. Vincent's in the final. This was their first ever championship title.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 43], "section_span": [43, 43], "content_span": [44, 202]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076943-0000-0000", "contents": "1959 Cork Senior Football Championship\nThe 1959 Cork Senior Football Championship was the 71st staging of the Cork Senior Football Championship since its establishment by the Cork County Board in 1887.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [38, 38], "content_span": [39, 201]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076943-0001-0000", "contents": "1959 Cork Senior Football Championship\nOn 4 October 1959, St. Finbarr's won the championship following a 1-05 to 0-06 defeat of Macroom in the final. This was their third championship title overall and their first since 1957.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [38, 38], "content_span": [39, 225]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076944-0000-0000", "contents": "1959 Cork Senior Hurling Championship\nThe 1959 Cork Senior Hurling Championship was the 71st staging of the Cork Senior Hurling Championship since its establishment by the Cork County Board in 1887. The draw for the opening round fixtures took place at the Cork Convention on 25 January 1959. The championship began on 5 April 1959 and ended on 25 October 1959.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [37, 37], "content_span": [38, 361]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076944-0001-0000", "contents": "1959 Cork Senior Hurling Championship\nOn 25 October 1959, Glen Rovers won the championship following a 3-11 to 3-5 defeat of Blackrock in the final. This was their 17th championship title overall and their second title in succession.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [37, 37], "content_span": [38, 233]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076944-0002-0000", "contents": "1959 Cork Senior Hurling Championship\nChristy Ring from the Glen Rovers club was the championship's top scorer with 6-12.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [37, 37], "content_span": [38, 121]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076945-0000-0000", "contents": "1959 Cornell Big Red football team\nThe 1959 Cornell Big Red football team was an American football team that represented Cornell University during the 1958 NCAA University Division football season. Cornell tied for fifth place in the Ivy League .", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [34, 34], "content_span": [35, 246]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076945-0001-0000", "contents": "1959 Cornell Big Red football team\nIn its 13th season under head coach George K. James, the team compiled a 5\u20134 record and outscored opponents 136 to 110. Dave Feeney was the team captain.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [34, 34], "content_span": [35, 188]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076945-0002-0000", "contents": "1959 Cornell Big Red football team\nCornell's 3\u20134 conference record tied for fifth place in the Ivy League. The Big Red was outscored 115 to 77 by Ivy opponents.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [34, 34], "content_span": [35, 160]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076945-0003-0000", "contents": "1959 Cornell Big Red football team\nCornell played its home games at Schoellkopf Field in Ithaca, New York.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [34, 34], "content_span": [35, 106]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076946-0000-0000", "contents": "1959 Cotton Bowl Classic\nThe 1959 Cotton Bowl Classic was the 23rd edition of the college football bowl game, played at the Cotton Bowl in Dallas, Texas, on Thursday, January\u00a01. Part of the 1958\u201359 bowl game season, it matched the independent and sixth-ranked Air Force Falcons and the #10  TCU Horned Frogs of the Southwest Conference (SWC).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [24, 24], "content_span": [25, 342]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076946-0001-0000", "contents": "1959 Cotton Bowl Classic\nThis was the first tie in the game in eleven years, and the first scoreless game in twelve years.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [24, 24], "content_span": [25, 122]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076946-0002-0000", "contents": "1959 Cotton Bowl Classic, Teams, Air Force\nUndefeated Air Force had a tie during the regular season, 13\u201313 to Iowa; the Hawkeyes went on to win the Big Ten Conference and the Rose Bowl. The Falcons were ranked in the polls for the seventh straight week, #8 for the second straight week, and were making their first-ever bowl appearance.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 42], "content_span": [43, 336]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076946-0003-0000", "contents": "1959 Cotton Bowl Classic, Teams, TCU\nTCU was unbeaten in Southwest Conference until a 20\u201313 loss to SMU in the last game of the season. The Horned Frogs had also spent seven weeks in the polls, though they were unranked going into this game. Coincidentally, they also had played Iowa, but lost 17\u20130. This was TCU's fourth bowl game in seven years and were favored by eight points.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 36], "content_span": [37, 380]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076946-0004-0000", "contents": "1959 Cotton Bowl Classic, Game summary\nAlthough it had snowed two days earlier, the field was clear and the weather was sunny and 44\u00a0\u00b0F (7\u00a0\u00b0C) for the 2:30 p.m. CST kickoff.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 38], "content_span": [39, 173]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076946-0005-0000", "contents": "1959 Cotton Bowl Classic, Game summary\nIn the end, it was six lost fumbles (out of 13 in total) and five missed field goals that decided the scoreless outcome. The Falcons at one point had the ball at TCU's 6-yard line before being stuffed, but when they tried to kick a field goal from the 12, George Pupich's kick sailed wide left. Pupich missed two more (one from 34 and the other from 52) while TCU missed two of their own.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 38], "content_span": [39, 427]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076946-0006-0000", "contents": "1959 Cotton Bowl Classic, Game summary\nTCU went 3 for 11 on passing for a woeful 37 yards but had 190 yards rushing on 48 attempts. Air Force barely did better with 12 for 23 passing for 91 yards and two interceptions. Both teams finished with over 227 yards yet had more punts (16) then points. Dave Phillips of Air Force and Jack Spikes of TCU were named Outstanding Players.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 38], "content_span": [39, 377]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076947-0000-0000", "contents": "1959 County Championship\nThe 1959 County Championship was the 60th officially organised running of the County Championship. Yorkshire won the Championship title ending a seven-year winning sequence by Surrey.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [24, 24], "content_span": [25, 208]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076948-0000-0000", "contents": "1959 Coupe de France Final\nThe 1959 Coupe de France Final was a football match held at Stade Olympique Yves-du-Manoir, Colombes on May 3, 1959, and May 18, 1959, that saw Le Havre AC of Division 2 defeat FC Sochaux-Montb\u00e9liard.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [26, 26], "content_span": [27, 227]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076949-0000-0000", "contents": "1959 Crit\u00e9rium du Dauphin\u00e9 Lib\u00e9r\u00e9\nThe 1959 Crit\u00e9rium du Dauphin\u00e9 Lib\u00e9r\u00e9 was the 13th edition of the Crit\u00e9rium du Dauphin\u00e9 Lib\u00e9r\u00e9 cycle race and was held from 1 June to 7 June 1959. The race started and finished in Grenoble. The race was won by Henry Anglade.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [33, 33], "content_span": [34, 258]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076950-0000-0000", "contents": "1959 Cupa Rom\u00e2niei Final\nThe 1959 Cupa Rom\u00e2niei Final was the 21st final of Romania's most prestigious football cup competition. It was disputed between Dinamo Bucure\u0219ti and CSM Baia Mare, and was won by Dinamo Bucure\u0219ti after a game with 4 goals. It was the first cup for Dinamo Bucure\u0219ti.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [24, 24], "content_span": [25, 290]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076951-0000-0000", "contents": "1959 Curitiba riots\nThe 1959 Curitiba riots refer to three days of violence in December 1959, primarily directed against ethnic Arab immigrants, in the southern Brazilian city of Curitiba. It began on the evening of 8 December, when a local policeman Ant\u00f3nio Tavares bought a comb from the shop of Ahmed Najar, a Lebanese merchant, and asked for a tax receipt. At the time, there was a campaign called Seu Tal\u00e3o Vale um Milh\u00e3o (Your Bead is Worth a Million) to encourage the issuance of tax receipts for retail purchases.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [19, 19], "content_span": [20, 521]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076951-0000-0001", "contents": "1959 Curitiba riots\nAs the cost of the comb was too low, the shopkeeper refused which led to an argument that ended with the policeman fracturing a leg. Violence soon broke out, targeted initially at the shops and businesses of \"turcos\" (\"Turks\", or ethnic minorities of Middle Eastern origin) in the Centenary Bazaar in Tiradentes Square. The bazaar was a stronghold of Syrian-Lebanese traders and merchants. By the second day, rioting spilled over into downtown and hit various public buildings such as the Parana Public Library. The violence only died down on December 10, with the deployment of the army who reestablished order and imposed a curfew.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [19, 19], "content_span": [20, 653]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076951-0001-0000", "contents": "1959 Curitiba riots\nThe Curitiba riots are also known as the Guerra do Pente or the War of the Comb.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [19, 19], "content_span": [20, 100]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076952-0000-0000", "contents": "1959 Cypriot presidential election\nPresidential elections were held in Cyprus for the first time on 13 December 1959. Only two candidates contested the election; Makarios III, who was backed by EOKA and Ioannis Clerides, a member of the Democratic Union, who was also supported by AKEL. The result was a victory for Makarios III, who won 66.8% of the vote, although he did not take office until 16 August 1960. Voter turnout was 91.2%.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [34, 34], "content_span": [35, 435]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076952-0001-0000", "contents": "1959 Cypriot presidential election\nA separate election for Vice President of Cyprus took place. Faz\u0131l K\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck was the only candidate, and was elected unopposed.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [34, 34], "content_span": [35, 158]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076952-0002-0000", "contents": "1959 Cypriot presidential election, Electoral system\nThe elections were held using a two-round system; if no candidate received over 50% of the vote in the first round, a second round was to be held between the top two candidates. The constitution required the President of Cyprus to be a Greek Cypriot and the Vice-President to be a Turkish Cypriot. Greek Cypriots elected the President and Turkish Cypriots elected the Vice-President.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [36, 52], "content_span": [53, 436]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076953-0000-0000", "contents": "1959 DDR-Oberliga\nThe 1959 DDR-Oberliga was the eleventh season of the DDR-Oberliga, the first tier of league football in East Germany. Rather than in the traditional autumn-spring format the Oberliga played for six seasons from 1955 to 1960 in the calendar year format, modelled on the system used in the Soviet Union. From 1961\u201362 onwards the league returned to its traditional format.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [17, 17], "content_span": [18, 387]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076953-0001-0000", "contents": "1959 DDR-Oberliga\nThe league was contested by fourteen teams. SC Wismut Karl-Marx-Stadt, incidentally based at Aue and not Karl-Marx-Stadt, won the championship, the club's last of three national East German championships. On the strength of the 1959 title Wismut qualified for the 1960\u201361 European Cup where the club was knocked out by SK Rapid Wien in the first round. League runners-up ASK Vorw\u00e4rts Berlin qualified for the 1960\u201361 European Cup Winners' Cup instead of FDGB-Pokal winner SC Dynamo Berlin and was knocked out by Rud\u00e1 Hv\u011bzda Brno in the preliminary round.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [17, 17], "content_span": [18, 572]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076953-0002-0000", "contents": "1959 DDR-Oberliga\nBernd Bauchspie\u00df of Chemie Zeitz was the league's top scorer with 18 goals.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [17, 17], "content_span": [18, 93]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076953-0003-0000", "contents": "1959 DDR-Oberliga, Table\nThe 1959 season saw two newly promoted clubs, BSG Lokomotive Stendal and Chemie Zeitz.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 24], "content_span": [25, 111]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076954-0000-0000", "contents": "1959 DFB-Pokal Final\nThe 1959 DFB-Pokal Final decided the winner of the 1958\u201359 DFB-Pokal, the 16th season of Germany's knockout football cup competition. It was played on 27 December 1959 at the Auestadion in Kassel. Schwarz-Wei\u00df Essen won the match 5\u20132 against Borussia Neunkirchen, to claim their 1st cup title.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [20, 20], "content_span": [21, 314]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076954-0001-0000", "contents": "1959 DFB-Pokal Final, Route to the final\nThe DFB-Pokal began with 5 teams in a single-elimination knockout cup competition. There were a total of two rounds leading up to the final. In the qualification round, all but two teams were given a bye. Teams were drawn against each other, and the winner after 90 minutes would advance. If still tied, 30 minutes of extra time was played. If the score was still level, a replay would take place at the original away team's stadium. If still level after 90 minutes, 30 minutes of extra time was played. If the score was still level, a drawing of lots would decide who would advance to the next round.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [22, 40], "content_span": [41, 642]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076954-0002-0000", "contents": "1959 DFB-Pokal Final, Route to the final\nNote: In all results below, the score of the finalist is given first (H: home; A: away).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [22, 40], "content_span": [41, 129]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076955-0000-0000", "contents": "1959 Dahomeyan legislative election\nLegislative elections were held in the Republic of Dahomey on 2 April 1959. Although the Dahomeyan Democratic Union (UDD) received the most votes, they won the fewest seats. The Republican Party of Dahomey (PRD), which came second in terms of votes, won 37 of the 70 seats in the Legislative Assembly. Following the election the PRD and UDD agreed to split the seats in one constituency, with the PRD losing nine seats and the UDD gaining nine seats.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [35, 35], "content_span": [36, 486]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076956-0000-0000", "contents": "1959 Danish 1st Division, Overview\nIt was contested by 12 teams, and Boldklubben 1909 won the championship.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 34], "content_span": [35, 107]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076957-0000-0000", "contents": "1959 Dartmouth Indians football team\nThe 1959 Dartmouth Indians football team was an American football team that represented Dartmouth College during the 1959 NCAA University Division football season. After winning the Ivy League championship in 1958, Dartmouth finished second in 1959.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [36, 36], "content_span": [37, 286]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076957-0001-0000", "contents": "1959 Dartmouth Indians football team\nIn their fifth season under head coach Bob Blackman, the Indians compiled a 5\u20133\u20131 record and outscored opponents 106 to 96. William Gundy was the team captain.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [36, 36], "content_span": [37, 196]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076957-0002-0000", "contents": "1959 Dartmouth Indians football team\nThe Indians' 5\u20131\u20131 conference record was the second-best in the Ivy League. They outscored Ivy opponents 76 to 40.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [36, 36], "content_span": [37, 151]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076957-0003-0000", "contents": "1959 Dartmouth Indians football team\nDartmouth played its home games at Memorial Field on the college campus in Hanover, New Hampshire.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [36, 36], "content_span": [37, 135]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076958-0000-0000", "contents": "1959 Davis Cup\nThe 1959 Davis Cup was the 48th edition of the Davis Cup, the most important tournament between national teams in men's tennis. 27 teams entered the Europe Zone, 8 teams entered the Eastern Zone, and 7 teams entered the America Zone. The Europe Zone was modified so that only the previous year's semifinalists were guaranteed first round byes, allowing more countries to compete. Colombia made its first appearance in the tournament.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [14, 14], "content_span": [15, 448]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076958-0001-0000", "contents": "1959 Davis Cup\nAustralia defeated Cuba in the Americas Inter-Zonal final, India defeated the Philippines in the Eastern Zone final, and Italy defeated Spain in the Europe Zone final. In the Inter-Zonal Zone, Australia defeated Italy in the semifinal, and then defeated India in the final. In the Challenge Round Australia defeated the defending champions the United States. The final was played at the West Side Tennis Club in Forest Hills, New York, United States on 28\u201331 August.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [14, 14], "content_span": [15, 481]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076959-0000-0000", "contents": "1959 Davis Cup America Zone\nThe America Zone was one of the three regional zones of the 1959 Davis Cup.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [27, 27], "content_span": [28, 103]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076959-0001-0000", "contents": "1959 Davis Cup America Zone\n7 teams entered the America Zone: 3 teams competed in the North & Central America Zone, while 4 teams competed in the South America Zone. The winner of each sub-zone would play against each other to determine who moved to the Inter-Zonal Zone to compete against the winners of the Eastern Zone and Europe Zone.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [27, 27], "content_span": [28, 338]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076959-0002-0000", "contents": "1959 Davis Cup America Zone\nAustralia defeated Canada in the North & Central America Zone final, and Cuba received a walkover in the South America Zone final after Argentina withdrew. In the Americas Inter-Zonal Final, Australia defeated Cuba and progressed to the Inter-Zonal Zone.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [27, 27], "content_span": [28, 282]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076960-0000-0000", "contents": "1959 Davis Cup Eastern Zone\nThe Eastern Zone was one of the three regional zones of the 1959 Davis Cup.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [27, 27], "content_span": [28, 103]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076960-0001-0000", "contents": "1959 Davis Cup Eastern Zone\n8 teams entered the Eastern Zone, with the winner going on to compete in the Inter-Zonal Zone against the winners of the America Zone and Europe Zone. India defeated the Philippines in the final and progressed to the Inter-Zonal Zone.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [27, 27], "content_span": [28, 262]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076961-0000-0000", "contents": "1959 Davis Cup Europe Zone\nThe Europe Zone was one of the three regional zones of the 1959 Davis Cup.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [26, 26], "content_span": [27, 101]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076961-0001-0000", "contents": "1959 Davis Cup Europe Zone\nThe seeding system for the Europe Zone was modified so that only the previous year's semifinalists were guaranteed first round byes, allowing more countries to compete. 27 teams entered the Europe Zone, with the winner going on to compete in the Inter-Zonal Zone against the winners of the America Zone and Eastern Zone.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [26, 26], "content_span": [27, 347]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076961-0002-0000", "contents": "1959 Davis Cup Europe Zone\nItaly defeated Spain in the final and progressed to the Inter-Zonal Zone.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [26, 26], "content_span": [27, 100]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076962-0000-0000", "contents": "1959 Daytona 500\nThe 1959 First 500 Mile NASCAR International Sweepstakes at Daytona (now known as the 1959 Inaugural Daytona 500) was the second race of the 1959 NASCAR Grand National Series season. It was held on February 22, 1959, in front of 41,921 spectators. It was the first race held at the 2.5-mile (4.0 kilometer) Daytona International Speedway.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 16], "section_span": [16, 16], "content_span": [17, 355]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076962-0001-0000", "contents": "1959 Daytona 500, Background\nDaytona\u00a0International\u00a0Speedway is a race track in Daytona Beach, Florida that was one of the first superspeedways to hold NASCAR races. The standard track at Daytona is a four-turn superspeedway that is 2.5 miles (4.0\u00a0km) long. The track also features two other layouts that utilize portions of the primary high speed tri-oval, such as a 3.56-mile (5.73\u00a0km) sports car course and a 2.95-mile (4.75\u00a0km) motorcycle course. The track's 180-acre (73\u00a0ha) infield includes the 29-acre (12\u00a0ha) Lake Lloyd. The speedway is currently owned and operated by the International Speedway Corporation.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 16], "section_span": [18, 28], "content_span": [29, 615]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076962-0002-0000", "contents": "1959 Daytona 500, Background\nThe track was built by NASCAR founder Bill France, Sr. to host racing that was being held at the former Daytona Beach Road Course and opened with the first Daytona 500 in 1959.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 16], "section_span": [18, 28], "content_span": [29, 205]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076962-0003-0000", "contents": "1959 Daytona 500, Background\nThe Daytona 500 is regarded as the most important and prestigious race on the NASCAR calendar. It is also the series' first race of the year; this phenomenon is virtually unique in sports, which tend to have championships or other major events at the end of the season rather than the start. Since 1995, U.S. television ratings for the Daytona 500 have been the highest for any auto race of the year, surpassing the traditional leader, the Indianapolis 500 which in turn greatly surpasses the Daytona 500 in in-track attendance and international viewing. The 2006 Daytona 500 attracted the sixth largest average live global TV audience of any sporting event that year with 20 million viewers.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 16], "section_span": [18, 28], "content_span": [29, 721]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076962-0004-0000", "contents": "1959 Daytona 500, Race report, Qualifying\nCotton Owens had the fastest qualifying lap, at 143.198 miles per hour (230.455\u00a0km/h). The race had one qualifying race for Convertibles and one for the hardtop Grand National cars. Bob Welborn, winner of the 100-mile (160\u00a0km) Grand National qualifying race earlier in the week, started on the pole position. Shorty Rollins won the Convertible qualifying race and started second. Twenty of the 59 cars in the Daytona 500 were convertibles.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 16], "section_span": [18, 41], "content_span": [42, 481]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076962-0005-0000", "contents": "1959 Daytona 500, Race report, Race\nThere were no caution periods in the race; making it one of the few \"perfect games\" in NASCAR history, though it would occur in three of the first four Daytona 500s, as the Daytona 500 also went caution-free in both 1961 and 1962. This would be repeated ten years later with the 1969 running of the Motor Trend 500. Welborn led the early laps in the race but his race ended after 75 laps (of 200) with engine problems. Other leaders in the first 22 laps of the race were \"Tiger\" Tom Pistone and Joe Weatherly.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 16], "section_span": [18, 35], "content_span": [36, 545]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076962-0005-0001", "contents": "1959 Daytona 500, Race report, Race\nFireball Roberts took over the lead on lap 23, leading the next 20 laps before dropping out on lap 57 due to a broken fuel pump. When Roberts went to the pits on lap 43, Johnny Beauchamp, running in second place, became the leader. On lap 50, Pistone took over first place and Jack Smith moved into second; Beauchamp was third and Lee Petty was fifth. From lap 43 to 148 the race leaders were Pistone, Smith, and Beauchamp.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 16], "section_span": [18, 35], "content_span": [36, 459]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076962-0005-0002", "contents": "1959 Daytona 500, Race report, Race\nAlthough Smith and Pistone led most of these laps, Beauchamp led a few times, for example records show he led on lap 110. There is print information about the details of the race, including the leaders of the race in five-lap intervals. Pistone and Jack Smith both had dropped out of contention by lap 149 and Beauchamp took over first place. 100 miles (160\u00a0km). Richard Petty also had to retire from the race with an engine problem and earned $100 ($887.79 when adjusted for inflation) for his 57th-place performance.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 16], "section_span": [18, 35], "content_span": [36, 554]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076962-0006-0000", "contents": "1959 Daytona 500, Race report, Race\nLee Petty battled with Beauchamp during the final 30 laps of the race, and they were the only two drivers to finish on the lead lap. Petty took the lead with 3 laps left and led at the start of the final lap. Petty and Beauchamp drove side by side across the finish line at the end final lap for a photo finish. Beauchamp was declared the unofficial winner by NASCAR officials, and he drove to victory lane. Petty protested the results, saying \"I had Beauchamp by a good two feet. In my own mind, I know I won.\"", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 16], "section_span": [18, 35], "content_span": [36, 547]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076962-0006-0001", "contents": "1959 Daytona 500, Race report, Race\nBeauchamp replied \"I had him by two feet. I glanced over to Lee Petty's car as I crossed the finish line and I could see his headlight slightly back of my car. It was so close I didn't know how they would call it, but I thought I won.\" Early leader Fireball Roberts, who was standing by the finish line, said: \"There's no doubt about it, Petty won.\" It took NASCAR founder Bill France, Sr. three days to decide the winner the following Wednesday. In the end, with the help of photographs and newsreel footage, Petty was officially declared the winner.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 16], "section_span": [18, 35], "content_span": [36, 587]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076962-0007-0000", "contents": "1959 Daytona 500, Race report, Race\nThe controversial finish helped the sport. The delayed results to determine the official winner kept NASCAR and the Daytona 500 on the front page of newspapers.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 16], "section_span": [18, 35], "content_span": [36, 196]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076962-0008-0000", "contents": "1959 Daytona 500, Race report, Official results\nThe race lasted 3:41:22, with an average speed of 135.521\u00a0mph (218.10\u00a0km/h).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 16], "section_span": [18, 47], "content_span": [48, 124]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076963-0000-0000", "contents": "1959 Delaware Fightin' Blue Hens football team\nThe 1959 Delaware Fightin' Blue Hens football team was an American football team that represented the University of Delaware in the Middle Atlantic Conference during the 1959 NCAA College Division football season. In its ninth season under head coach David M. Nelson, the team compiled an 8\u20131 record (5\u20130 against MAC opponents) and outscored opponents by a total of 286 to 95. Mark Hurm was the team captain.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 46], "section_span": [46, 46], "content_span": [47, 455]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076963-0001-0000", "contents": "1959 Delaware Fightin' Blue Hens football team\nThe Blue Hens started the year unranked, but early victories over Lafayette, Lehigh and Massachusetts catapulted them into the UPI Small College Poll's national top 3 by mid-October. Delaware held the No. 1 spot for two weeks in November before ceding it to Bowling Green in a head-to-head matchup. Delaware dropped to No. 4, and remained at that rank through the end of the season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 46], "section_span": [46, 46], "content_span": [47, 429]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076963-0002-0000", "contents": "1959 Delaware Fightin' Blue Hens football team\nThe team played its home games at Delaware Stadium in Newark, Delaware.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 46], "section_span": [46, 46], "content_span": [47, 118]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076964-0000-0000", "contents": "1959 Delaware State Hornets football team\nThe 1959 Delaware State Hornets football team represented Delaware State College\u2014now known as Delaware State University\u2014as a member of the Central Intercollegiate Athletic Association (CIAA) in the 1959 NCAA College Division football season. Led by coach Preston Mitchell in his only season, the Hornets compiled a 1\u20137 record, being outscored 72 to 155.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 41], "section_span": [41, 41], "content_span": [42, 395]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076965-0000-0000", "contents": "1959 Denver Pioneers football team\nThe 1959 Denver Pioneers football team represented the University of Denver in the Skyline Conference during the 1959 NCAA University Division football season. In its fifth season under head coach John Roning, the team compiled a 2\u20138 record (2\u20135 against Skyline opponents), tied for fifth place in the conference, and was outscored by a total of 230 to 104.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [34, 34], "content_span": [35, 392]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076966-0000-0000", "contents": "1959 Detroit Lions season\nThe 1959 Detroit Lions season was their 30th in the league. The team failed to improve on their previous season's output of 4\u20137\u20131, winning only three games. They missed the playoffs for the second straight season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [25, 25], "content_span": [26, 239]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076966-0001-0000", "contents": "1959 Detroit Lions season, Schedule, Standings\nNote: Tie games were not officially counted in the standings until 1972.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [27, 46], "content_span": [47, 119]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076967-0000-0000", "contents": "1959 Detroit Tigers season\nThe 1959 Detroit Tigers season was the 59th season for the American League franchise in Detroit. Although the Tigers lost 15 of their first 17 games in 1959\u2014resulting in the May 2 firing of manager Bill Norman\u2014they recovered under his successor, Jimmy Dykes, to finish in fourth place with a record of 76\u201378, eighteen games behind the AL Champion Chicago White Sox.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [26, 26], "content_span": [27, 392]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076967-0001-0000", "contents": "1959 Detroit Tigers season, Player stats, Batting, Starters by position\nNote: Pos = Position; G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [28, 71], "content_span": [72, 196]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076967-0002-0000", "contents": "1959 Detroit Tigers season, Player stats, Batting, Other batters\nNote: G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [28, 64], "content_span": [65, 173]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076967-0003-0000", "contents": "1959 Detroit Tigers season, Player stats, Pitching, Starting pitchers\nNote: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [28, 69], "content_span": [70, 180]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076967-0004-0000", "contents": "1959 Detroit Tigers season, Player stats, Pitching, Other pitchers\nNote: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [28, 66], "content_span": [67, 177]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076967-0005-0000", "contents": "1959 Detroit Tigers season, Player stats, Pitching, Relief pitchers\nNote: G = Games pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; SV = Saves; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [28, 67], "content_span": [68, 168]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076968-0000-0000", "contents": "1959 Detroit Titans football team\nThe 1959 Detroit Titans football team represented the University of Detroit as an independent during the 1959 NCAA University Division football season. In their first year under head coach Jim Miller, the Titans compiled a 6\u20134 record and were outscored by a combined total of 199 to 139.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [33, 33], "content_span": [34, 321]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076968-0001-0000", "contents": "1959 Detroit Titans football team\nSeven players from the 1959 Detroit team went on to play in the National Football League (NFL): Grady Alderman, Bruce Maher, Ernie Fritsch, Larry Vargo, Jim Shorter, Steve Stonebreaker, and Frank Jackunas. The team's statistical leaders included Tony Hanley with 544 passing yards, Bruce Maher with 595 rushing yards and 66 points scored, and Tom Chapman with 270 receiving yards.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [33, 33], "content_span": [34, 414]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076969-0000-0000", "contents": "1959 Dissolution Honours\nThe 1959 Dissolution Honours List was issued on 19 September 1959 to mark the dissolution of the United Kingdom parliament prior to the 1959 general election.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [24, 24], "content_span": [25, 183]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076969-0001-0000", "contents": "1959 Dissolution Honours\nThe recipients of honours are displayed here as they were styled before their new honour.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [24, 24], "content_span": [25, 114]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076970-0000-0000", "contents": "1959 Djurg\u00e5rdens IF season\nThe 1959 season was Djurg\u00e5rdens IF's 59th in existence, their 15th season in Allsvenskan and their 10th consecutive season in the league. They were competing in Allsvenskan.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [26, 26], "content_span": [27, 200]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076971-0000-0000", "contents": "1959 Drexel Dragons football team\nThe 1959 Drexel Dragons football team represented the Drexel Institute of Technology (renamed Drexel University in 1970) as a member of the Middle Atlantic Conference during the 1959 NCAA College Division football season. Jack Hinkle was the team's head coach.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [33, 33], "content_span": [34, 294]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076972-0000-0000", "contents": "1959 Duke Blue Devils football team\nThe 1959 Duke Blue Devils football team represented Duke University during the 1959 NCAA University Division football season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [35, 35], "content_span": [36, 161]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076973-0000-0000", "contents": "1959 Dunedin mayoral election\nThe 1959 Dunedin mayoral election was part of the New Zealand local elections held that same year. In 1959, elections were held for the Mayor of Dunedin plus other local government positions including twelve city councillors. The polling was conducted using the standard first-past-the-post electoral method.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [29, 29], "content_span": [30, 338]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076973-0001-0000", "contents": "1959 Dunedin mayoral election\nLen Wright, the incumbent Mayor, declined to run for a fourth term. He was succeeded by councillor Stuart Sidey who defeated the Labour Party candidate Peter John Scott. The Citizens' Association won eight seats on the city council to the Labour Party's four.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [29, 29], "content_span": [30, 289]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076974-0000-0000", "contents": "1959 Dutch Grand Prix\nThe 1959 Dutch Grand Prix was a Formula One motor race held at Zandvoort on 31 May 1959. It was the ninth Dutch Grand Prix. The race was held over 75 laps of the four kilometre circuit for a race distance of 314 kilometres. It was race 3 of 9 in the 1959 World Championship of Drivers and race 2 of 8 in the 1959 International Cup for Formula One Manufacturers.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [21, 21], "content_span": [22, 383]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076974-0001-0000", "contents": "1959 Dutch Grand Prix\nThe race was won by Swedish driver Joakim Bonnier driving a BRM P25. It would be the only World Championship victory of Bonnier's fifteen-year Grand Prix career. It was also the first win for the Owen Racing Organisation, the race team of the constructor BRM, after almost a decade of effort. Bonnier won by fifteen seconds over Australian driver Jack Brabham driving a Cooper T51, to become the first Swedish driver to win a Formula One Grand Prix. Brabham's American teammate Masten Gregory was the only other driver to finish on the lead lap in his Cooper T51 in third position.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [21, 21], "content_span": [22, 603]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076974-0002-0000", "contents": "1959 Dutch Grand Prix\nBrabham's second position expanded his championship points lead with Bonnier now second along with the Indianapolis 500 winner Rodger Ward.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [21, 21], "content_span": [22, 161]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076974-0003-0000", "contents": "1959 Dutch Grand Prix\nThe organisers wanted to have a local driver in the race, so Carel Godin de Beaufort was allowed to compete despite his car being a Porsche RSK sports car.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [21, 21], "content_span": [22, 177]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076975-0000-0000", "contents": "1959 Dutch general election\nGeneral elections were held in the Netherlands on 12 March 1959. The Catholic People's Party emerged as the largest party, winning 49 of the 150 seats in the House of Representatives.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [27, 27], "content_span": [28, 211]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076976-0000-0000", "contents": "1959 East Carolina Pirates football team\nThe 1959 East Carolina Pirates football team was an American football team that represented represented East Carolina College (now known as East Carolina University) as a member of the North State Conference during the 1959 NAIA football season. In their eighth season under head coach Jack Boone, the team compiled a 5\u20136 record.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [40, 40], "content_span": [41, 370]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076977-0000-0000", "contents": "1959 Eastern Michigan Hurons football team\nThe 1959 Eastern Michigan Hurons football team represented Eastern Michigan University in the Interstate Intercollegiate Athletic Conference (IIAC) during the 1959 NCAA College Division football season. In their eighth season under head coach Fred Trosko, the Hurons compiled a 1\u20137 record (1\u20135 against IIAC opponents) and were outscored by their opponents, 217 to 50. In the second game of the season, the Hurons defeated Illinois State by a 14\u20137 score, but then lost the six remaining games. Dave L. Longridge was the team captain and also led the team with 513 passing yards and 517 yards of total offense.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 42], "section_span": [42, 42], "content_span": [43, 651]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076977-0001-0000", "contents": "1959 Eastern Michigan Hurons football team\nAlbert Day led the team with 226 rushing yards and was a first-team selection for the All-IIAC team; he was also selected for the team's most valuable player awar. The team totaled only 645 net yards of offense.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 42], "section_span": [42, 42], "content_span": [43, 254]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076977-0002-0000", "contents": "1959 Eastern Michigan Hurons football team\nThe Hurons had great success in the 1950s, winning IIAC conference championships in 1954, 1955 and 1957.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 42], "section_span": [42, 42], "content_span": [43, 147]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076977-0003-0000", "contents": "1959 Eastern Michigan Hurons football team\nHowever, by 1959, Eastern Michigan had ceased granting athletic scholarships, even though IIAC rules permitted member schools to do so. The school also banned recruiting and drastically reduced the football program's budget to $15,300. University vice president William Lawrence explained: \"We feel athletics here are for students with students the participants.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 42], "section_span": [42, 42], "content_span": [43, 405]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076977-0004-0000", "contents": "1959 Eastern Michigan Hurons football team\nWe don't think it's our job to go out and hire a troop of athletes to entertain our students.\" Using non-scholarship athletes against IIAC schools with scholarship athletes, Trosko's Eastern Michigan teams were unable to compete and suffered a 29-game winless streak (0\u201327\u20132) between October 7, 1959, and October 27, 1962.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 42], "section_span": [42, 42], "content_span": [43, 365]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076978-0000-0000", "contents": "1959 Edmonton municipal election\nThe 1959 municipal election was held October 14, 1959, to elect a mayor and five aldermen to sit on Edmonton City Council and four trustees to sit on each of the public and separate school boards. The electorate also decided eleven plebiscite questions.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [32, 32], "content_span": [33, 286]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076978-0001-0000", "contents": "1959 Edmonton municipal election\nThere were ten aldermen on city council, but five of the positions were already filled: Frederick John Mitchell, George Prudham, Donald Bowen, Ethel Wilson, and Laurette Douglas were all elected to two-year terms in 1958 and were still in office (in fact, Mitchell was in office as mayor, having been  appointed by council to replace the resigned William Hawrelak, but city bylaws allowed him to resume his aldermanic term once a new mayor was elected).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [32, 32], "content_span": [33, 486]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076978-0002-0000", "contents": "1959 Edmonton municipal election\nThere were seven trustees on the public school board, but three of the positions were already filled: J. Percy Page, Robert Thorogood, and William Orobko were elected to two-year terms in 1958 and were still in office. The same was true on the separate board, where Leo Lemieux, Vincent Dantzer, and E D Stack were continuing.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [32, 32], "content_span": [33, 359]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076978-0003-0000", "contents": "1959 Edmonton municipal election, Voter turnout\nThere were 52357 ballots cast out of 150062 eligible voters, for a voter turnout of 34.9%.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 47], "content_span": [48, 138]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076978-0004-0000", "contents": "1959 Edmonton municipal election, Results, Plebiscites, Fluoridation of Water\nShall fluorides, for the prevention of tooth decay, be added to the City water supply sufficient to bring the fluoride content of City water up to the level of one part fluoride to one million parts of water?", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 77], "content_span": [78, 286]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076978-0005-0000", "contents": "1959 Edmonton municipal election, Results, Plebiscites, Landfill\nShall Council pass a bylaw creating a debenture debt in the sum of $75,000.00 for the purchase of land to be used as a refuse disposal area employing the sanitary fill method?", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 64], "content_span": [65, 240]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076978-0006-0000", "contents": "1959 Edmonton municipal election, Results, Plebiscites, Traffic Lights\nShall Council pass a bylaw creating a debenture debt in the sum of $160,000.00 in order to purchase and locate traffic lights on certain highway intersections within the City?", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 70], "content_span": [71, 246]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076978-0007-0000", "contents": "1959 Edmonton municipal election, Results, Plebiscites, Paving\nShall Council pass a bylaw creating a debenture debt in the sum of $250,000.00 for the City share of standard paving of arterial and residential streets?", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 62], "content_span": [63, 216]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076978-0008-0000", "contents": "1959 Edmonton municipal election, Results, Plebiscites, Parks\nShall Council pass a bylaw creating a debenture debt in the sum of $750,000.00 for constructing or improving park areas or playgrounds and circles, buffer zones, ravine side boulevards, small parks and triangles?", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 61], "content_span": [62, 274]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076978-0009-0000", "contents": "1959 Edmonton municipal election, Results, Plebiscites, Railway Underpass\nShall Council pass a bylaw creating a debenture debt in the sum of $300,00.00 for the City share of constructing an underpass of the Canadian National Railway tracks at the crossing of 127 Street at 126 Avenue?", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 73], "content_span": [74, 284]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076978-0010-0000", "contents": "1959 Edmonton municipal election, Results, Plebiscites, Bridge over Mill Creek Ravine\nShall Council pass a bylaw creating a debenture debt in the sum of $500,000.00 for the City share of constructing a four lane bridge to replace the existing structure over Mill Creek Ravine at 82nd Avenue?", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 85], "content_span": [86, 291]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076978-0011-0000", "contents": "1959 Edmonton municipal election, Results, Plebiscites, Royal Alexandra Hospital Expansion\nShall Council pass a bylaw creating a debenture debt in the sum of $3,000,000.00 so that the patient bed capacity of the new Royal Alexandra Hospital approved in 1958 may be increased by 300 beds and to buy equipment?", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 90], "content_span": [91, 308]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076978-0012-0000", "contents": "1959 Edmonton municipal election, Results, Plebiscites, Swimming Pool\nShall Council pass a bylaw creating a debenture debt in the sum of $350,000.00 for the City share of constructing an indoor swimming Pool at Eastglen Composite High School situated at 114th Avenue and 68th Street?", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 69], "content_span": [70, 283]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076978-0013-0000", "contents": "1959 Edmonton municipal election, Results, Plebiscites, Youth Shelter\nShall Council pass a bylaw creating a debenture debt in the sum of $175,000.00 for the purpose of constructing an Emergency Receiving Home for neglected children?", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 69], "content_span": [70, 232]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076978-0014-0000", "contents": "1959 Edmonton municipal election, Results, Plebiscites, Bridges over MacKinnon and MacKenzie ravines\nShall Council pass a bylaw creating a debenture debt in the sum of $1,000,000.00 for the purpose of constructing two 4 lane bridges to replace the existing structures located at 142 Street and MacKinnon Ravine, and 142 Street and MacKenzie Ravine?", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 100], "content_span": [101, 348]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076979-0000-0000", "contents": "1959 Egypt Cup Final\n1959 Egypt Cup Final, was the final match of 1958\u201359 Egypt Cup, between Zamalek & Al-Ahly, Zamalek won the match by 2\u20131.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [20, 20], "content_span": [21, 141]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076980-0000-0000", "contents": "1959 Ekstraklasa, Overview\nIt was contested by 12 teams, and G\u00f3rnik Zabrze won the championship.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 16], "section_span": [18, 26], "content_span": [27, 96]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076981-0000-0000", "contents": "1959 Emperor's Cup, Overview\nIt was contested by 16 teams, and Kwangaku Club won the championship.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 18], "section_span": [20, 28], "content_span": [29, 98]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076982-0000-0000", "contents": "1959 Emperor's Cup Final\nThis is the current revision of this page, as edited by Monkbot (talk | contribs) at 00:17, 8 January 2020 (\u2192\u200etop: Task 15:  language icon template(s) replaced (1\u00d7);). The present address (URL) is a permanent link to this version.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [24, 24], "content_span": [25, 255]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076982-0001-0000", "contents": "1959 Emperor's Cup Final\n1959 Emperor's Cup Final was the 39th final of the Emperor's Cup competition. The final was played at Koishikawa Football Stadium in Tokyo on May 6, 1959. Kwangaku Club won the championship.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [24, 24], "content_span": [25, 215]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076982-0002-0000", "contents": "1959 Emperor's Cup Final, Overview\nDefending champion Kwangaku Club won the championship, by defeating Chuo University 1\u20130. Kwangaku Club won the title for 2 years in a row.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 34], "content_span": [35, 173]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076983-0000-0000", "contents": "1959 English Greyhound Derby\nThe 1959 Greyhound Derby took place during June with the final being held on 27 June 1959 at White City Stadium. The winner was Mile Bush Pride and the winning owner Noel Purvis received \u00a31,500.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [28, 28], "content_span": [29, 223]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076983-0001-0000", "contents": "1959 English Greyhound Derby, Final result, Distances\nNeck, Head, 7, 2\u00bd, Dis (lengths)The distances between the greyhounds are in finishing order and shown in lengths. From 1950 one length was equal to 0.08 of one second.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 53], "content_span": [54, 221]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076983-0002-0000", "contents": "1959 English Greyhound Derby, Competition Report\n140 entries at \u00a35 were received for the first acceptance stage of the Derby. The ante-post favourite Mile Bush Pride failed to win his first round heat for the second consecutive year. However despite encountering crowding he safely made it through to round two; the race was won by Irish entry Sir Frederick. Three greyhounds broke 29 seconds in the first set of qualifiers; they were Crazy Parachute, Dunmore Rocco and the previous year\u2019s finalist Gentle Touch.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 48], "content_span": [49, 512]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076983-0003-0000", "contents": "1959 English Greyhound Derby, Competition Report\nThe second round resulted in a fast win for Mile Bush Pride (28.57), a time that could not be matched by any greyhound left in the competition. The Irish hope Sir Frederick was knocked over ending his hopes and he would have to settle for finishing second behind Dunmore Rocco in the Consolation Stakes on final night.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 48], "content_span": [49, 367]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076983-0004-0000", "contents": "1959 English Greyhound Derby, Competition Report\nMile Bush Pride followed his second round win with a seven length semi-final victory. The second semi-final was more competitive and ended with a first dead heat for a semi-final in Derby history when Snub Rose ran on well to catch leader Crazy Parachute.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 48], "content_span": [49, 304]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076983-0005-0000", "contents": "1959 English Greyhound Derby, Competition Report\nIn the final Snub Nose made a good start from the traps with Dancing Sheik just behind. Early pace by Crazy Parachute saw him pass Dancing Sheik and then Snub Nose by the second bend. By the third bend Mile Bush Pride who had been last out of the traps had caught Dancing Sheik to take up third position. Crazy Parachute was vying with Snub Nose around the last bend and home straight when Crazy Parachute left a gap on the rails. This was enough for Mile Bush Pride to take advantage and run on strongly to win the race by a neck.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 48], "content_span": [49, 580]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076984-0000-0000", "contents": "1959 English cricket season\n1959 was the 60th season of County Championship cricket in England. The Second XI Championship was established and, as a result, the involvement of first-class counties Second XIs in the Minor Counties Cricket Championship began to end, although it took several years before all county second XIs switched to the new competition. The season marked the end of Surrey's sequence of seven Championships, with Yorkshire winning the title. England defeated India 5\u20130 in the home Test series.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [27, 27], "content_span": [28, 514]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076984-0001-0000", "contents": "1959 English cricket season, Test series\nEngland won all five Tests against a disappointing India, including three innings victories. This was the first time England had won all five Tests in a single series.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 40], "content_span": [41, 208]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076984-0002-0000", "contents": "1959 English cricket season, County Championship\nYorkshire won the County Championship, ending Surrey's dominance of the competition. Gloucestershire finished second, level on points with Surrey.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 48], "content_span": [49, 195]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076984-0003-0000", "contents": "1959 English cricket season, Leading players\nIndia's Vijay Manjrekar topped the batting averages with 755 runs scored at an average of 68.63. M.J.K. Smith scored most runs, with 3,249 at an average of 57.94.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 44], "content_span": [45, 207]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076984-0004-0000", "contents": "1959 English cricket season, Leading players\nBrian Statham topped the bowling averages with 139 wickets taken at an average of 15.01 runs per wicket.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 44], "content_span": [45, 149]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076985-0000-0000", "contents": "1959 Escuminac disaster\nThe 1959 Escuminac disaster (also to referred to as the Escuminac hurricane) was considered the worst fishing-related disaster in New Brunswick in 100\u00a0years. It occurred due to the extratropical remnants of an Atlantic hurricane. The storm was the third tropical cyclone and first hurricane of the 1959 Atlantic hurricane season, and developed from a tropical wave in the central Gulf of Mexico on June 18. It headed rapidly northeastward and struck Florida later that day. Shortly after entering the Atlantic Ocean, it strengthened into a tropical storm later on June 18. By the following day, it had strengthened into a hurricane. However, it transitioned into an extratropical cyclone about six hours later. The remnants struck Atlantic Canada, once in Nova Scotia and again in Newfoundland before dissipating on June 21.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [23, 23], "content_span": [24, 848]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076985-0001-0000", "contents": "1959 Escuminac disaster\nIn its early stages, the storm dropped moderately heavy rainfall in Florida, which caused damage to crops. A tornado near Miami and high tides on the west coast of the state also resulted in damage. Overall, losses in Florida were around $1.7\u00a0million (1959\u00a0USD). After becoming extratropical, the storm caused significant effects in Atlantic Canada. About 45\u00a0boats were in the Northumberland Strait between New Brunswick and Prince Edward Island, and they did not have radio to receive warning of the approaching storm. Rough seas of up to 49\u00a0ft (15\u00a0m) in height damaged or destroyed many boats. At least 22\u00a0fishing boats capsized with their crews, causing 35\u00a0fatalities. High winds also disrupted communications in some areas, and several houses were damaged, causing damage costing $750,000 (1959\u00a0CAD, $781,000 1959\u00a0USD). The event became the deadliest work-related disaster in New Brunswick.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [23, 23], "content_span": [24, 918]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076985-0002-0000", "contents": "1959 Escuminac disaster, Early history\nOn June 15, a tropical wave with associated instability was observed in the northwestern Caribbean Sea. It moved into the central Gulf of Mexico on June 16, and the next day developed a weak circulation at the same time that Tropical Storm Beulah was on the other side of the gulf. The system in the eastern gulf moved to the northeast, becoming a tropical depression by June 18 at 0000\u00a0UTC. Moving quickly to the northeast, the system moved across central Florida in less than six hours, making landfall near Tampa Bay and exiting near Cape Canaveral.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 38], "content_span": [39, 591]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076985-0003-0000", "contents": "1959 Escuminac disaster, Early history\nAs the depression struck western Florida, it produced 3\u00a0ft (0.91\u00a0m) above normal tides, which damaged docks and caused beach erosion. Wind gusts near Sarasota reached about 49\u00a0mph (80\u00a0km/h). After previously wet conditions, the system dropped heavy rainfall across the state, unofficially reaching 15\u00a0in (380\u00a0mm) in some areas and causing flooding. Along the Indian River, flooding damaged citrus crops, and statewide some roads were damaged due to flooding. When the storm was first forming in the Gulf of Mexico, it spawned an F3 tornado in Miami that lasted for over 20\u00a0minutes.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 38], "content_span": [39, 620]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076985-0003-0001", "contents": "1959 Escuminac disaster, Early history\nThe National Climatic Data Center considered it the worst tornado in the city since one in 1925, and the overall path was about 12\u00a0mi (19\u00a0km). A total of 77\u00a0people were injured due to the tornado, mostly due to cuts from broken glass, and damage from it was estimated at $1.5\u00a0million. Another tornado was reported north of West Palm Beach, although it affected a sparsely populated area; total damage statewide totaled $1,656,000.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 38], "content_span": [39, 469]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076985-0004-0000", "contents": "1959 Escuminac disaster, Storm approach to Canada\nLate on June 18, it is estimated the depression intensified into a tropical storm, and that day the Miami Hurricane Center issued its last advisory, warning ships of the potential for future strengthening. The storm moved rapidly to the northeast, passing halfway between Bermuda and North Carolina early on June 19. At 0250\u00a0UTC that day, a ship reported a falling barometric pressure of 993\u00a0mbar (29.3\u00a0inHg) with west-southwesterly winds of 92\u00a0mph (148\u00a0km/h). Although it was associated with a diffused frontal zone, the storm maintained a warm core and initially remained largely tropical.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 49], "content_span": [50, 641]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076985-0004-0001", "contents": "1959 Escuminac disaster, Storm approach to Canada\nAt 1200\u00a0UTC on June 19, it is estimated the storm intensified into a hurricane about halfway between Bermuda and Nova Scotia, with a pressure of 974\u00a0mbar (28.8\u00a0inHg). By six hours later, it became extratropical, although the former hurricane intensified further to peak winds of 80\u00a0mph (130\u00a0km/h). On June 20, the storm slowed and turned sharply to the northwest. It weakened slightly before moving ashore near Canso, Nova Scotia. Crossing the island, it struck Prince Edward Island before turning sharply to the east and crossing Nova Scotia again. By late on June 20, it re-emerged into the Atlantic Ocean and continued to the east-northeast. The extratropical storm moved over southeastern Newfoundland and dissipated on June 21.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 49], "content_span": [50, 782]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076985-0005-0000", "contents": "1959 Escuminac disaster, Storm approach to Canada\nBefore the storm reached Atlantic Canada, the Meteorological Branch of the Department of Transport provided notices for the advancing storm. On the day of the storm, the forecast from the Halifax weather office was for light winds, and although it was amended to highlight severe conditions, boats in the region had no radio to learn of the threat. There were many salmon in the region, which prompted fishermen to set sail. As the storm approached, there were about 45 boats in the Northumberland Strait between New Brunswick and Prince Edward Island.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 49], "content_span": [50, 602]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076985-0006-0000", "contents": "1959 Escuminac disaster, Impact and aftermath\nAlong the coast of New Brunswick, the storm produced 49\u00a0ft (15\u00a0m) waves that destroyed several boats, including 22 over open waters between Point Escuminac and Richibucto. Two bodies washed ashore in the latter city, and eleven bodies were eventually discovered. About one-third of the salmon boats in Miramichi were destroyed. Across New Brunswick, the storm disrupted communications near the coast. Along the coasts of New Brunswick and Prince Edward Island, high waves destroyed cottages and forced some families to evacuate.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 45], "content_span": [46, 574]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076985-0006-0001", "contents": "1959 Escuminac disaster, Impact and aftermath\nThe former hurricane produced strong winds in the region, peaking at 75\u00a0mph (120\u00a0km/h), and its passage was accompanied by moderate rainfall, peaking at 4.29\u00a0in (109\u00a0mm) in Nova Scotia. There, many lobster cages were destroyed, and boats were removed from their moorings. In Prince Edward Island, up to 50% of lobster traps were destroyed or missing, including 5,000\u00a0destroyed traps near Souris. As with New Brunswick, several boats were destroyed or washed ashore, and damage in the province was estimated at $750,000 (1959\u00a0CAD, $781,000 1959\u00a0USD).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 45], "content_span": [46, 595]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076985-0006-0002", "contents": "1959 Escuminac disaster, Impact and aftermath\nA total of 35\u00a0people were killed between Nova Scotia and Prince Edward Island, mostly fishermen. As a result, the Escuminac Disaster, as it came to be known, became the deadliest work-related disaster in New Brunswick. The Minister of Fisheries considered the event as \"the worst disaster to hit a Canadian fishing fleet in about 100\u00a0years.\"", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 45], "content_span": [46, 387]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076985-0007-0000", "contents": "1959 Escuminac disaster, Impact and aftermath\nIn the days after the storm, the Royal Canadian Air Force and Royal Canadian Mounted Police operated search and rescue missions, while families waited on the beach. The Canadian Red Cross set up headquarters in Escuminac to assist the victims. Due to storm fatalities, 24\u00a0adults became widows, and 83\u00a0children lost a father. As a result, the New Brunswick Fishermen's Disaster Fund was created to assist the families. The fund raised $400,000 in a few months from donations from throughout Canada, as well as Pope John XXIII and Queen Elizabeth II, the latter who was on a tour of the country at the time.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 45], "content_span": [46, 651]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076985-0008-0000", "contents": "1959 Escuminac disaster, Impact and aftermath\nIn memory of the storm victims, artist Claude Roussel created a wood sculpture entitled \"Les P\u00eacheurs \u2013 The Fishermen\", which won first prize at New Brunswick Museum in 1962. Later, residents near Escuminac raised money to turn the work into a stone monument, which was dedicated on June 19, 1969. It was nearly 7\u00a0ft (2.3\u00a0m) in height, weighed about 10,000\u00a0lbs (5\u00a0tonnes), and depicted a group of fishermen working together, with the names of the deceased on a bronze plaque. In 2001, the government of New Brunswick declared the Escuminac Disaster Monument as a provincial historical site.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 45], "content_span": [46, 636]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076986-0000-0000", "contents": "1959 Estonian SSR Football Championship\nThe 1959 Estonian SSR Football Championship was won by \u00dclemiste Kalev.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [39, 39], "content_span": [40, 110]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076987-0000-0000", "contents": "1959 Estonian Supreme Soviet election\nElections to the Supreme Soviet of the Estonian SSR were held on 15 March 1959. The Bloc of Communists and Non-Party Candidates was the only party able to contest the elections, and won all 125 seats.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [37, 37], "content_span": [38, 238]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076988-0000-0000", "contents": "1959 European 300 m Rifle Championships\nThe 1959 European 300 m Rifle Championships was the 1st edition of the European 300 m Rifle Championships, organised by the International Shooting Sport Federation.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [39, 39], "content_span": [40, 204]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076989-0000-0000", "contents": "1959 European Amateur Boxing Championships\nThe 1959 European Amateur Boxing Championships  were held in Lucerne, Switzerland from May 24 to May 31. The 13th edition of the bi-annual competition was organised by the European governing body for amateur boxing, EABA. There were 180 fighters from 25 countries participating.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 42], "section_span": [42, 42], "content_span": [43, 321]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076990-0000-0000", "contents": "1959 European Amateur Team Championship\nThe 1959 European Amateur Team Championship took place 22\u201327 June on the Real Club de Golf El Prat outside Barcelona, Spain. It was the first men's golf European Amateur Team Championship.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [39, 39], "content_span": [40, 228]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076990-0001-0000", "contents": "1959 European Amateur Team Championship\nAll participating teams played two qualification rounds of stroke-play, counting the four best scores out of up to six players for each team. The four best teams formed flight A. The next four best teams formed flight B.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [39, 39], "content_span": [40, 260]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076990-0002-0000", "contents": "1959 European Amateur Team Championship\nThe winner in each flight was determined by a round-robin system. All teams in the flight met each other and the team with most points for team matches in flight A won the tournament, using the scale, win=2 points, halved=1 point, lose=0 points. In each match between two nation teams, three foursome games and six single games were played.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [39, 39], "content_span": [40, 380]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076990-0003-0000", "contents": "1959 European Amateur Team Championship\nTeam Sweden won the championship, earning 5 points in flight A. Hosting country Spain took the silver medal on 4 points, the same number of points as France on third place, but with a better games record.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [39, 39], "content_span": [40, 244]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076990-0004-0000", "contents": "1959 European Amateur Team Championship\nIndividual winner in the opening 36-hole stroke-play qualifying competition was Dietrich von Knoop, West Germany, with a score of 2-over-par 146. Henri de Lamaze, France, shot a new course record in the second round, with a score of 69 over 18 holes at the El Prat course.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [39, 39], "content_span": [40, 312]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076990-0005-0000", "contents": "1959 European Amateur Team Championship, Teams\nNine nation teams contested the event. Each team consisted of a minimum of six players.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 46], "content_span": [47, 134]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076990-0006-0000", "contents": "1959 European Amateur Team Championship, Teams\n* Note: Odqvist entered the tournament as non-playing captain, but since Lindeblad and M\u00f6ller was not able to play on June 25th in Sweden's match against Spain and Bielke and Carlander was not able to play on June 26th in Sweden's match against West Germany, due to food poisoning, Odqist played in these two matches.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 46], "content_span": [47, 364]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076990-0007-0000", "contents": "1959 European Amateur Team Championship, Results\nNote: There was no official recognition for the lowest individual score.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 48], "content_span": [49, 121]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076991-0000-0000", "contents": "1959 European Cup Final\nThe 1959 European Cup Final was the fourth final in the pan-European football competition, the European Cup, now known as the UEFA Champions League. It was contested by Real Madrid of Spain and Reims from France. It was played at the Neckarstadion in Stuttgart on 3 June 1959 in front of 80,000 people. The match finished 2\u20130 to Real Madrid, winning their fourth European Cup in a row and beating Reims in final for the second time in four years, following the 1956 final. Real Madrid dominated the match, with goals scored by Enrique Mateos and Alfredo Di St\u00e9fano.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [23, 23], "content_span": [24, 589]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076992-0000-0000", "contents": "1959 European Figure Skating Championships\nThe 1959 European Figure Skating Championships were held in Davos, Switzerland. Elite senior-level figure skaters from European ISU member nations competed for the title of European Champion in the disciplines of men's singles, ladies' singles, pair skating, and ice dancing.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 42], "section_span": [42, 42], "content_span": [43, 318]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076993-0000-0000", "contents": "1959 European Ladies' Team Championship\nThe 1959 European Ladies' Team Championship took place 15\u201320 September on the Golf und Land Club K\u00f6ln outside Cologne, Germany. It was the first ladies' amateur golf European Ladies' Team Championship.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [39, 39], "content_span": [40, 241]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076993-0001-0000", "contents": "1959 European Ladies' Team Championship\nThe hosting club was founded in 1906 and the championship 18-hole course, situated 10 kilometres east of the city center of Cologne, opened in 1955. The course set up of par 74 had four par-3-holes, eight par-4-holes and six par-5-holes.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [39, 39], "content_span": [40, 277]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076993-0002-0000", "contents": "1959 European Ladies' Team Championship\nAll participating teams played two qualification rounds of stroke play, counting the three best scores out of up to four players for each team. The four best teams formed flight A. The next two teams formed flight B.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [39, 39], "content_span": [40, 256]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076993-0003-0000", "contents": "1959 European Ladies' Team Championship\nThe winner in each flight was determined by a round-robin system. All teams in the flight met each other and the team with most points for team matches in flight A won the tournament, using the scale, win=2 points, halved=1 point, lose=0 points. In each match between two nation teams, two foursome games and four single games were played.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [39, 39], "content_span": [40, 379]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076993-0004-0000", "contents": "1959 European Ladies' Team Championship\nTeam France won the championship, earning 6 points in flight A.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [39, 39], "content_span": [40, 103]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076993-0005-0000", "contents": "1959 European Ladies' Team Championship\nIndividual winner in the opening 36-hole stroke play qualifying competition was Odile Garaialde Semelaigne, France, with a score of 5-under-par 143.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [39, 39], "content_span": [40, 188]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076993-0006-0000", "contents": "1959 European Ladies' Team Championship, Teams\nSix nation teams contested the event. Each team consisted of a minimum of four players.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 46], "content_span": [47, 134]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076993-0007-0000", "contents": "1959 European Ladies' Team Championship, Teams\n* Note: Playing captain Lally de Saint-Sauveur did not play the qualification round and played one single game and two foursome games in flight A.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 46], "content_span": [47, 193]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076993-0008-0000", "contents": "1959 European Ladies' Team Championship, Results\nNote: There was no official recognition for the lowest individual score.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 48], "content_span": [49, 121]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076994-0000-0000", "contents": "1959 European Rowing Championships\nThe 1959 European Rowing Championships were rowing championships held on the M\u00e2con regatta course on the Sa\u00f4ne in M\u00e2con, France. The event for women was held from 14 to 16 August, and 16 races were held. The event for men was held from 20 to 23 August. Men competed in all seven Olympic boat classes (M1x, M2x, M2-, M2+, M4-, M4+, M8+), and women entered in five boat classes (W1x, W2x, W4x+, W4+, W8+).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [34, 34], "content_span": [35, 438]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076995-0000-0000", "contents": "1959 European Women's Artistic Gymnastics Championships\nThe 2nd European Women's Artistic Gymnastics Championships were held in Krak\u00f3w.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 55], "section_span": [55, 55], "content_span": [56, 135]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076996-0000-0000", "contents": "1959 FA Charity Shield\nThe 1959 FA Charity Shield was the 37th FA Charity Shield, an English football match between the winners of the previous season's First Division and FA Cup titles. This year's match was contested by league champions Wolverhampton Wanderers and FA Cup winners Nottingham Forest.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [22, 22], "content_span": [23, 300]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076996-0001-0000", "contents": "1959 FA Charity Shield\nThe match was held at the start of the season for the first time, and was staged at Wolves' stadium, Molineux. The hosts won the game 3\u20131, giving them their only outright Shield win (in addition to three shared wins).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [22, 22], "content_span": [23, 240]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076997-0000-0000", "contents": "1959 FA Cup Final\nThe 1959 FA Cup Final was contested by Nottingham Forest and Luton Town at Wembley. Forest won 2\u20131, with goals from Roy Dwight and Tommy Wilson just four minutes apart. Dave Pacey scored Luton's consolation goal.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [17, 17], "content_span": [18, 230]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076997-0001-0000", "contents": "1959 FA Cup Final, Match Summary\nThe game was notable for an unusually large number of stoppages due to injury, particularly to Nottingham Forest players, which was put down to the lush nature of the Wembley turf. The most notable of these stoppages occurred when goalscorer Roy Dwight was carried off the pitch after breaking his leg in a tackle with Brendan McNally after 33 minutes.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 32], "content_span": [33, 385]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076997-0002-0000", "contents": "1959 FA Cup Final, Match Summary\nThis also proved a turning point in the game as Forest had been the more dominant team to that point, leading by two goals at the time. Luton gradually took control of the match from this point on, scoring midway through the second half.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 32], "content_span": [33, 270]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076997-0003-0000", "contents": "1959 FA Cup Final, Match Summary\nForest were reduced to nine fit men with ten minutes remaining when Bill Whare was crippled with cramp, being forced to play wide on the wing where he was little more than a spectator.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 32], "content_span": [33, 217]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076997-0004-0000", "contents": "1959 FA Cup Final, Match Summary\nThe high volume of injuries during the second half led to four minutes of additional time being added on by the referee, during which time Luton twice came close to forcing extra time as Allan Brown headed narrowly wide of goal before Billy Bingham hit the side netting. Given the condition of the Forest team at that time it would have been a remarkable feat for them to have won the game or even forced a replay in extra time had Luton equalised.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 32], "content_span": [33, 481]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076997-0005-0000", "contents": "1959 FA Cup Final, Match Summary\nAt the final whistle the Forest manager Billy Walker entered the field to congratulate his team and was chased by a steward who tried to marshall him back off. The steward mistook Walker to be a pitch invader.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 32], "content_span": [33, 242]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076997-0006-0000", "contents": "1959 FA Cup Final, Coverage\nThe game was televised live on the BBC Grandstand programme, which introduced score captions into their broadcast for the first time in an FA Cup final. This however caused much annoyance in Nottingham where their team's name was displayed on the screen at regular intervals as Notts Forest. Commentator Kenneth Wolstenholme apologised live on air for the mistake, stating that the caption should read Nott'm Forest.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 27], "content_span": [28, 444]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076997-0007-0000", "contents": "1959 FA Cup Final, Coverage\nDuring the game the Forest fans were heard to sing the theme tune to the then-popular television programme Robin Hood (the legendary outlaw who was allegedly from Nottingham), this being the first time that popular television culture had made its way into a terrace song during a cup final.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 27], "content_span": [28, 318]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076998-0000-0000", "contents": "1959 FAMAS Awards\nThe 7th Filipino Academy of Movie Arts and Sciences Awards Night was held on March 7, 1959, for the Outstanding Achievements for the year 1958.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [17, 17], "content_span": [18, 161]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076998-0001-0000", "contents": "1959 FAMAS Awards\nHanggang sa Dulo ng Daigdig under the Pacific Movie Productions won the most coveted FAMAS Award for Best Picture award. It also won the best director award, best screenplay, best editing, best cinematography and the best actor award for its lead star Pancho Magalona. On the other hand, Talipandas has the most nominations with 12, winning only 1 for its lead star, screen legend Rita Gomez.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [17, 17], "content_span": [18, 410]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076999-0000-0000", "contents": "1959 FIBA World Championship\nThe 1959 FIBA World Championship was the 3rd FIBA World Championship, the international basketball world championship for men's teams. It was hosted by Chile from 16-31 January 1959. Amaury Ant\u00f4nio Pasos was named the MVP.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [28, 28], "content_span": [29, 251]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076999-0001-0000", "contents": "1959 FIBA World Championship\nThe hosting cities for the competition were Antofagasta, Concepci\u00f3n, Temuco, Valpara\u00edso, with the final stages being held at the capital of Santiago.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [28, 28], "content_span": [29, 178]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00076999-0002-0000", "contents": "1959 FIBA World Championship\nThe final stages were supposed to be held at the newly constructed Metropolitan Indoor Stadium, but because the venue was not finished in time the games were postponed by a year from the original date and moved outdoors to the Estadio Nacional de Chile, configured in a way that the games were seen by a crowd of 16,000.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [28, 28], "content_span": [29, 349]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077000-0000-0000", "contents": "1959 FIBA World Championship for Women\nThe 1959 FIBA World Championship for Women (Russian: 1959 \u0427\u0435\u043c\u043f\u0438\u043e\u043d\u0430\u0442 \u043c\u0438\u0440\u0430 \u0424\u0418\u0411\u0410 \u0441\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0438 \u0436\u0435\u043d\u0449\u0438\u043d)was the third FIBA World Championship for Women basketball championship held by FIBA. It was held in the Soviet Union between 10 October and 18 October 1959. Eight national teams entered the event under the auspices of FIBA, the sport's governing body. The city of Moscow hosted the tournament. The Soviet Union won its first title after finishing in first place in round-robin group. The United States were the defending champions, but did not participate in the tournament.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [38, 38], "content_span": [39, 605]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077000-0001-0000", "contents": "1959 FIBA World Championship for Women, Results\nThe tournament consisted of a single round-robin group. Every team played each other once and the top team in the group was declared champion.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 47], "content_span": [48, 190]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077001-0000-0000", "contents": "1959 Fianna F\u00e1il leadership election\nThe 1959 Fianna F\u00e1il leadership election began in June 1959, when \u00c9amon de Valera resigned as party leader and Taoiseach to take up the post of President of Ireland. It was the first leadership election for the party as De Valera had been leader since the foundation of the party in 1926, and had served as Taoiseach on three occasions. His successor was elected by the members of the Fianna F\u00e1il parliamentary party on 22 June 1959. After one ballot the election was won by Se\u00e1n Lemass. He was elected Taoiseach in D\u00e1il \u00c9ireann on the following day.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [36, 36], "content_span": [37, 587]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077001-0001-0000", "contents": "1959 Fianna F\u00e1il leadership election, Campaign\nSe\u00e1n Lemass had been \u00c9amon de Valera's \"heir-apparent\" since his appointment as T\u00e1naiste in 1945. It was widely assumed amongst the general public, and was an accepted fact within the Fianna F\u00e1il party that Lemass would succeed de Valera whenever \"the Chief\" decided to retire. In 1959 that opportunity arose when de Valera was elected President of Ireland.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 46], "content_span": [47, 404]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077001-0002-0000", "contents": "1959 Fianna F\u00e1il leadership election, Campaign\nThere were several other contenders for the post of party leader. In the 1930s and 1940s Se\u00e1n MacEntee was considered Lemass's closest rival for the top job. However, his poor performance as Minister for Finance in the 1950s discredited his reputation. Frank Aiken was also considered a very able Foreign Minister and a potential candidate. The British embassy in Dublin kept London informed of the changes. They speculated that Aiken and Lemass would be the two main contenders, however, James Ryan would be elected as a compromise candidate. However, the divisions that they believed existed between Lemass and Aiken were not true.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 46], "content_span": [47, 680]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077001-0003-0000", "contents": "1959 Fianna F\u00e1il leadership election, Campaign\nWhen the Fianna F\u00e1il parliamentary party met on 22 June Se\u00e1n MacEntee proposed Lemass as leader, with Frank Aiken seconding the motion. Se\u00e1n Lemass was thus elected the second leader of Fianna F\u00e1il.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 46], "content_span": [47, 245]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077002-0000-0000", "contents": "1959 Fijian general election\nGeneral elections were held in Fiji in September 1959, the last in which women and ethnic Fijians were still barred from voting. Voting took place in the Eastern constituencies between 5 and 12 September, and in the Northern and Western and Southern constituencies on 12 September.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [28, 28], "content_span": [29, 310]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077002-0001-0000", "contents": "1959 Fijian general election, Electoral system\nThe Legislative Council consisted of 32 members, including 16 'official' members who were civil servants, fifteen 'unofficial' members (five Europeans, five Fijians and five Indo-Fijians), and the Governor sitting as President of the Council.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 46], "content_span": [47, 289]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077002-0002-0000", "contents": "1959 Fijian general election, Electoral system\nFor Europeans and Indo-Fijians, three of the five representatives were elected from single-member constituencies, with the other two appointed by the Governor. All five Fijian members were appointed from a list of ten candidates submitted by the Great Council of Chiefs.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 46], "content_span": [47, 317]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077002-0003-0000", "contents": "1959 Fijian general election, Electoral system\nVoting for Europeans remained restricted to men aged 21 or over who had been born to European parents (or a European father and was able to read, speak and write English), who were British subjects and had been continuously resident in Fiji for 12 months, and who either owned at least \u00a320 of freehold or leasehold property or had an annual income of at least \u00a3120. For Indo-Fijians, eligibility was also restricted to men aged 21 or over.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 46], "content_span": [47, 486]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077002-0003-0001", "contents": "1959 Fijian general election, Electoral system\nThey had to be a British subject or from British India, have lived continuously in the Fiji for at least two years, be able to read or write in English, Gujarati, Gurmukhi,  Hindi, Tamil, Telegu or Urdu, and for the previous six months, have either owned property with an annual value of five years, had a net annual cash income of at least \u00a375, or held a Government or municipal licence worth at least \u00a35 annually.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 46], "content_span": [47, 462]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077002-0004-0000", "contents": "1959 Fijian general election, Aftermath\nA by-election was held in the Indian Eastern constituency in 1961, which was won by James Madhavan.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 39], "content_span": [40, 139]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077003-0000-0000", "contents": "1959 Firecracker 250\nThe 1959 Firecracker 250 was a NASCAR Grand National Series event that was held on July 4, 1959, at Daytona International Speedway in Daytona Beach, Florida.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [20, 20], "content_span": [21, 178]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077003-0001-0000", "contents": "1959 Firecracker 250, Summary\nContested over 100 laps it was the twenty-sixth race of the 1959 NASCAR Grand National Series season. Fireball Roberts, driving for Jim Stephens, took his first win of the season, while Joe Weatherly finished second and Johnny Allen finished third.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [22, 29], "content_span": [30, 278]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077004-0000-0000", "contents": "1959 Five Nations Championship\nThe 1959 Five Nations Championship was the thirtieth series of the rugby union Five Nations Championship. Including the previous incarnations as the Home Nations and Five Nations, this was the sixty-fifth series of the northern hemisphere rugby union championship. Ten matches were played between 10 January and 18 April. It was contested by England, France, Ireland, Scotland and Wales. France won the title outright for the first time, after two shared wins in 1954 and 1955.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [30, 30], "content_span": [31, 508]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077005-0000-0000", "contents": "1959 Florida A&M Rattlers football team\nThe 1959 Florida A&M Rattlers football team was an American football team that represented Florida A&M University as a member of the Southern Intercollegiate Athletic Conference (SIAC) during the 1959 NCAA College  Division football season. In their 15th season under head coach Jake Gaither, the Rattlers compiled a perfect 10\u20130 record, including a victory over Prairie View A&M in the Orange Blossom Classic for the black college football national championship. The team was ranked No. 14 in the final UPI coaches small colleges poll. The team played its home games at Bragg Memorial Stadium in Tallahassee, Florida.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [39, 39], "content_span": [40, 658]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077005-0001-0000", "contents": "1959 Florida A&M Rattlers football team\nThe team's statistical leaders included Clarence Childs with 537 rushing yards, Theodore Richardson with 354 passing yards, and Williams Barber with 116 receiving yards.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [39, 39], "content_span": [40, 209]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077006-0000-0000", "contents": "1959 Florida Gators football team\nThe 1959 Florida Gators football team represented the University of Florida during the 1959 NCAA University Division football season. The season was Bob Woodruff's tenth and last year as the head coach of the Florida Gators football team. The Gators celebrated a close conference win over the Mississippi State Maroons (14\u201313), and suffered close conference defeats to the Vanderbilt Commodores (6\u201313), the top-ranked LSU Tigers (0\u20139) and the eighth-ranked Auburn Tigers (0\u20136). Woodruff finished his tenure on a high note, with the Gators' victories over the Florida State Seminoles (18\u20138) and the twelfth-ranked Miami Hurricanes (23\u201314), their primary in-state rivals. Woodruff's 1959 Florida Gators finished with an overall record of 5\u20134\u20131 and a Southeastern Conference (SEC) record of 2\u20134, placing ninth among twelve SEC teams.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [33, 33], "content_span": [34, 864]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077006-0001-0000", "contents": "1959 Florida Gators football team, Postseason\nDespite having returned the Gators to competitive respectability within the Southeastern Conference (SEC) in his ten seasons as the Gators' coach and athletic director, University of Florida president J. Wayne Reitz declined to renew Woodruff's contract in 1959 after two previous contract extensions. Woodruff returned to the University of Tennessee, his alma mater, in 1963, where he became the long-time athletic director of the Tennessee Volunteers sports program. During the 1950s, the Gators compiled an overall record of 53\u201342\u20136 (.555) during the decade.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 45], "content_span": [46, 607]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077007-0000-0000", "contents": "1959 Florida State Seminoles football team\nThe 1959 Florida State Seminoles football team represented Florida State University in the 1959 NCAA University Division football season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 42], "section_span": [42, 42], "content_span": [43, 180]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077008-0000-0000", "contents": "1959 Football Championship of the Ukrainian SSR\nThe 1959 Football Championship of UkrSSR were part of the 1959 Soviet republican football competitions in the Soviet Ukraine.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 47], "section_span": [47, 47], "content_span": [48, 173]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077008-0001-0000", "contents": "1959 Football Championship of the Ukrainian SSR\nSome 80 teams participated this season and were originally split into 10 groups of eight teams each. Winners of all qualification groups formed two semifinal groups. Top two team of semifinal groups proceeded to the final group. All participants were admitted to the 1960 Ukrainian Class B except for SKVO Odesa, a team of which already competed at team of masters level. In addition eight more teams were admitted to the Class B including six teams from qualification groups.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 47], "section_span": [47, 47], "content_span": [48, 524]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077008-0002-0000", "contents": "1959 Football Championship of the Ukrainian SSR\nFollowing this season, there were established such teams of masters in Ukraine such as FC Mariupol, FC Volyn Lutsk, FC Podillya Khmelnytskyi, FC Avanhard Sumy, FC Avanhard Ternopil, FC Desna Chernihiv.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 47], "section_span": [47, 47], "content_span": [48, 249]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077008-0003-0000", "contents": "1959 Football Championship of the Ukrainian SSR\nThere also were some clone teams among which are Shakhtar Stalino, Avanhard Mykolaiv, SKVO Odesa, Avanhard Simferopol.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 47], "section_span": [47, 47], "content_span": [48, 166]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077009-0000-0000", "contents": "1959 Football Cup of Ukrainian SSR among KFK\nThe 1959 Football Cup of Ukrainian SSR among KFK  was the annual season of Ukraine's football knockout competition for amateur football teams.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [44, 44], "content_span": [45, 187]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077010-0000-0000", "contents": "1959 Formula One season\nThe 1959 Formula One season was the 13th season of FIA Formula One motor racing. It featured the 1959 World Championship of Drivers and the 1959 International Cup for F1 Manufacturers, contested concurrently over a nine-race series  which commenced on 10 May and ended on 12 December. The season also included a number of non-championship Formula One races.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [23, 23], "content_span": [24, 381]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077010-0001-0000", "contents": "1959 Formula One season\nJack Brabham won the World Championship of Drivers  in a sport still reeling from the death of several drivers, including reigning champion Mike Hawthorn. The International Cup for F1 Manufacturers was awarded to Cooper\u2013Climax.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [23, 23], "content_span": [24, 251]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077010-0002-0000", "contents": "1959 Formula One season, Season summary\nVanwall's withdrawal, believed to have been a result of the high mortality rate of the 1958 season, left Ferrari as the only race-winning team in the championship. Similarly, Juan Manuel Fangio and Mike Hawthorn's retirement meant that for the very first time, no world champion was on the grid. Cooper's revolutionary mid-engined cars, powered by the compact Coventry-Climax 2.5 litre engine, won five races with Jack Brabham, Stirling Moss and Bruce McLaren. BRM also landed its maiden victory in the hands of Jo Bonnier. Aston Martin appeared with a car which, in the face of Cooper's rear mid-engined revolution, was outdated and overweight.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 39], "content_span": [40, 685]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077010-0003-0000", "contents": "1959 Formula One season, Season summary\nThe German Grand Prix was held for the second time on the very high speed AVUS circuit, where Ferrari's Jean Behra was killed during an unrelated sports car race at the wheel of a Porsche.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 39], "content_span": [40, 228]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077010-0004-0000", "contents": "1959 Formula One season, Season summary\nFerrari's Tony Brooks took the fight to the Coopers and going into the final race he, Moss or Brabham could win the title. Moss retired from the race, the inaugural United States Grand Prix, giving Brabham the lead. Brabham ran out of fuel on the last lap but pushed his car across the line to finish fourth. With Brooks unable to do better than third, Brabham became the first Australian World Champion while Cooper won the constructors' crown.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 39], "content_span": [40, 485]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077010-0005-0000", "contents": "1959 Formula One season, Season review\nThere were three scheduled Grands Prix in 1959 that were cancelled. The Argentine Grand Prix, scheduled to be held in January, was cancelled because with heroes such as Juan Manuel Fangio and Jose Froilan Gonzalez having retired, there was no local interest and the race was promptly cancelled. The Belgian Grand Prix was scheduled to be held in June but it was cancelled due to a dispute over start money. And finally, the Moroccan Grand Prix was scheduled to be held in October at Ain-Diab but it was cancelled for monetary reasons. The Indianapolis 500 also counted towards the 1959 USAC Championship, and was run for USAC Championship cars, but did not count towards the International Cup for F1 Manufacturers.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 38], "content_span": [39, 753]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077010-0006-0000", "contents": "1959 Formula One season, Teams and drivers\nThe following teams and drivers competed in the 1959 FIA World Championship.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 42], "content_span": [43, 119]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077010-0007-0000", "contents": "1959 Formula One season, World Drivers' Championship standings\nPoints were awarded on an 8\u20136\u20134\u20133\u20132 basis to the first five finishers at each Grand Prix with an additional point going to the driver who set the fastest lap. Only the best five results contributed to the World Championship.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 62], "content_span": [63, 287]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077010-0008-0000", "contents": "1959 Formula One season, International Cup for F1 Manufacturers standings\nPoints were awarded on an 8\u20136\u20134\u20133\u20132 basis to the first five finishers at each round (excluding the Indianapolis 500). However, a manufacturer only received points for its highest placed car in each round, and only the best five results from the eight races were retained.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 73], "content_span": [74, 345]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077010-0009-0000", "contents": "1959 Formula One season, Non-championship races\nOther Formula One races also held in 1959, which did not count towards the World Championship.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 47], "content_span": [48, 142]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077011-0000-0000", "contents": "1959 French Championships (tennis)\nThe 1959 French Championships (now known as the French Open) was a tennis tournament that took place on the outdoor clay courts at the Stade Roland-Garros in Paris, France. The tournament ran from 19 May until 31 May. It was the 63rd staging of the French Championships, and the second Grand Slam tennis event of 1959. Nicola Pietrangeli and Christine Truman won the singles titles.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [34, 34], "content_span": [35, 417]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077011-0001-0000", "contents": "1959 French Championships (tennis), Finals, Men's Doubles\nNicola Pietrangeli /   Orlando Sirola defeated  Roy Emerson /  Neale Fraser  6\u20133, 6\u20132, 14\u201312", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [36, 57], "content_span": [58, 150]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077011-0002-0000", "contents": "1959 French Championships (tennis), Finals, Women's Doubles\nSandra Reynolds  /  Ren\u00e9e Schuurman defeated  Yola Ram\u00edrez /  Rosie Reyes 2\u20136, 6\u20130, 6\u20131", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [36, 59], "content_span": [60, 147]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077011-0003-0000", "contents": "1959 French Championships (tennis), Finals, Mixed Doubles\nYola Ram\u00edrez /  Billy Knight defeated  Ren\u00e9e Schuurman /  Rod Laver  6\u20134, 6\u20134", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [36, 57], "content_span": [58, 135]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077012-0000-0000", "contents": "1959 French Championships \u2013 Men's Singles\nThird-seeded Nicola Pietrangeli defeated Ian Vermaak 3\u20136, 6\u20133, 6\u20134, 6\u20131 in the final to win the Men's Singles tennis title at the 1959 French Championships.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 41], "section_span": [41, 41], "content_span": [42, 198]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077012-0001-0000", "contents": "1959 French Championships \u2013 Men's Singles, Seeds\nThe seeded players are listed below. Nicola Pietrangeli is the champion; others show the round in which they were eliminated.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 41], "section_span": [43, 48], "content_span": [49, 174]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077013-0000-0000", "contents": "1959 French Championships \u2013 Women's Singles\nSecond-seeded Christine Truman defeated Zsuzsi K\u00f6rm\u00f6czy 6\u20134, 7\u20135 in the final to win the Women's Singles tennis title at the 1959 French Championships.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 43], "section_span": [43, 43], "content_span": [44, 195]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077013-0001-0000", "contents": "1959 French Championships \u2013 Women's Singles, Seeds\nThe seeded players are listed below. Christine Truman is the champion; others show the round in which they were eliminated.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 43], "section_span": [45, 50], "content_span": [51, 174]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077014-0000-0000", "contents": "1959 French Grand Prix\nThe 1959 French Grand Prix was a Formula One motor race held at Reims on 5 July 1959. It was race 4 of 9 in the 1959 World Championship of Drivers and race 3 of 8 in the 1959 International Cup for Formula One Manufacturers. It was the 37th French Grand Prix and the twelfth to be held at the Reims highway circuit and the fourth to be held on the longer and faster 8.348\u00a0km layout. The race was held over 50 laps of the eight kilometre circuit for a race distance of 417 kilometres.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [22, 22], "content_span": [23, 505]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077014-0001-0000", "contents": "1959 French Grand Prix\nThe race was won by British driver Tony Brooks driving a Ferrari 246 F1. Brooks dominated the race, leading all 50 laps and winning by 27 seconds over his American Scuderia Ferrari team mate Phil Hill. Brooks said after the race a sticking throttle in the closing laps made it more difficult than the result seemed. Australian driver Jack Brabham was over a minute behind in third position driving a Cooper T51 for the factory Cooper racing team after stopping to get new goggles as the circuit broke up.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [22, 22], "content_span": [23, 527]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077014-0002-0000", "contents": "1959 French Grand Prix\nRace day was very hot, to the point where the bitumen started to melt. Race cars were dislodging aggregate stones as the race went on causing American Masten Gregory to retire with cuts to his face, and Graham Hill to retire his Lotus 16 after his radiator was holed.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [22, 22], "content_span": [23, 290]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077014-0003-0000", "contents": "1959 French Grand Prix\nStirling Moss was disqualified from eighth position after receiving a push-start in his British Racing Partnership entered BRM P25. Moss had pushed his car hard trying to overcome a failing gearbox, claiming a new lap record. Jean Behra too pushed hard in his Ferrari 246 F1, climbing into third racing against no less than four team mates at this race. Behra's engine broke under his charge and the Frenchman had a heated discussion with team manager Romolo Tavoni which ended with Behra punching Tavoni. It would be Behra's last race for Ferrari, with the Frenchman being fired for the assault.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [22, 22], "content_span": [23, 619]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077014-0004-0000", "contents": "1959 French Grand Prix\nThe win was the first of the season for Scuderia Ferrari and moved Brooks into second place overall, five points behind Brabham. Hill's second position moved him into third in the championship.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [22, 22], "content_span": [23, 216]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077015-0000-0000", "contents": "1959 French Senate election\nThe first senatorial elections of the Fifth Republic were held in France on April 26, 1959.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [27, 27], "content_span": [28, 119]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077015-0001-0000", "contents": "1959 French Senate election, Context\nThe Senate was created by constitution of the Fifth Republic to replace Council of the Republic. This election depend largely of the results of 1959 municipal elections.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 36], "content_span": [37, 206]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077015-0002-0000", "contents": "1959 French Senate election, Results, Senate Presidency\nOn April 28, 1959, Gaston Monnerville a senator from Guyane was elected president of the Senate. Monnerville has been the highest-ranking black politician in French history, and if he was a candidate for reelection in 1968, he could have become the first black president of France the next year when President Pompidou dies.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 55], "content_span": [56, 380]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077016-0000-0000", "contents": "1959 French Somaliland by-election\nA by-election to the French National Assembly was held in French Somaliland on 19 April 1959. Hassan Gouled Aptidon was elected as the territory's MP.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [34, 34], "content_span": [35, 185]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077017-0000-0000", "contents": "1959 French Sudan parliamentary election\nParliamentary elections were held in French Sudan on 8 March 1959. The result was a victory for the Sudanese Union \u2013 African Democratic Rally (US-RDA), which won all 80 seats. Voter turnout was just 32.3%. The following year, French Sudan declared independence as Mali, and was declared a one-party state with the US-RDA as the sole legal party. As a result, these would be the last multi-party elections held in the country until 1992.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [40, 40], "content_span": [41, 477]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077018-0000-0000", "contents": "1959 French municipal elections\nMunicipal elections were held in France on 8 and 15 March 1959. After coming to power in 1958 under the 5th Republic, the 1959 locals were the first municipal elections under the new republic. After exceptional scores in 1958, the Gaullist UDR realized mediocre scores. The MRP, radicals, SFIO, and Communists held their positions.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [31, 31], "content_span": [32, 363]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077019-0000-0000", "contents": "1959 Fresno State Bulldogs football team\nThe 1959 Fresno State Bulldogs football team represented Fresno State College during the 1959 NCAA College Division football season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [40, 40], "content_span": [41, 173]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077019-0001-0000", "contents": "1959 Fresno State Bulldogs football team\nThe team was led by first-year head coach Cecil Coleman and played home games at Ratcliffe Stadium on the campus of Fresno City College in Fresno, California. They finished the season as champions of the California Collegiate Athletic Association (CCAA) for the second consecutive year, with a record of seven wins and three losses (7\u20133, 5\u20130 CCAA). This was the fifth conference title in six years for the Bulldogs.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [40, 40], "content_span": [41, 456]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077020-0000-0000", "contents": "1959 GP Ouest\u2013France\nThe 1959 GP Ouest-France was the 23rd edition of the GP Ouest-France cycle race and was held on 1 September 1959. The race started and finished in Plouay. The race was won by Emmanuel Crenn.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [20, 20], "content_span": [21, 211]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077021-0000-0000", "contents": "1959 Galloway by-election\nThe Galloway by-election of 9 April 1959 was held after the death of Unionist Member of Parliament (MP) John Mackie:", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [25, 25], "content_span": [26, 142]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077021-0001-0000", "contents": "1959 Galloway by-election\nThe seat was safe, having been won by the Unionists at the 1955 general election by 8,014 votes", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [25, 25], "content_span": [26, 121]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077021-0002-0000", "contents": "1959 Galloway by-election, Aftermath\nThe Glasgow Herald stated that the initial reaction to the result among the political parties was \"Government satisfaction, Liberal jubilation, and Labour despondency.\" However, the same newspaper also noted that Conservatives would be happy to have held the seat with a \"substantial majority\", the Liberal performance would worry them. The result indicated that the Liberals were maintaining their recent trend of polling well in by-elections. The Conservatives were reported to fear that if this trend in Liberal candidates taking votes from their party continued, it could allow Labour to win the next general election, if the Liberals fielded 200 candidates.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [27, 36], "content_span": [37, 699]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077022-0000-0000", "contents": "1959 Gent\u2013Wevelgem\nThe 1959 Gent\u2013Wevelgem was the 21st edition of the Gent\u2013Wevelgem cycle race and was held on 4 April 1959. The race started in Ghent and finished in Wevelgem. The race was won by Leon Vandaele.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 18], "section_span": [18, 18], "content_span": [19, 211]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077023-0000-0000", "contents": "1959 George Washington Colonials football team\nThe 1959 George Washington Colonials football team was an American football team that represented George Washington University as part of the Southern Conference during the 1959 NCAA University Division football season. In their eighth season under head coach Bo Sherman, the team compiled a 1\u20138 record (0\u20135 in the SoCon).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 46], "section_span": [46, 46], "content_span": [47, 369]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077024-0000-0000", "contents": "1959 Georgia Bulldogs football team\nThe 1959 Georgia Bulldogs football team represented the Georgia Bulldogs of the University of Georgia during the 1959 NCAA University Division football season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [35, 35], "content_span": [36, 195]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077025-0000-0000", "contents": "1959 Georgia Tech Yellow Jackets football team\nThe 1959 Georgia Tech Yellow Jackets football team represented the Georgia Institute of Technology during the 1959 NCAA University Division football season. The Yellow Jackets were led by 15th-year head coach Bobby Dodd and played their home games at Grant Field in Atlanta. After winning their first four games of the season, three of which were victories over top ten opponents, Georgia Tech sat at #4 in the AP Poll. Georgia Tech's season was derailed by several close losses, however,  and they finished the regular season unranked with a 6\u20134 record. They were invited to the Gator Bowl, where they lost to Southwest Conference co-champion Arkansas.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 46], "section_span": [46, 46], "content_span": [47, 700]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077025-0001-0000", "contents": "1959 Georgia Tech Yellow Jackets football team\nThe team's statistical leaders included Fred Braselton with 368 passing yards and Floyd Faucette with 330 rushing yards.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 46], "section_span": [46, 46], "content_span": [47, 167]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077026-0000-0000", "contents": "1959 German Grand Prix\nThe 1959 German Grand Prix was a Formula One motor race held at the Automobil-Verkehrs- und \u00dcbungs-Stra\u00dfe in West Berlin on 2 August 1959. It was race 6 of 9 in the 1959 World Championship of Drivers and race 5 of 8 in the 1959 International Cup for Formula One Manufacturers. It was the 21st German Grand Prix and was only the second time the race was not held at the N\u00fcrburgring. AVUS had previously held the original German Grand Prix in 1926. The race was held over two 30 lap heats of the eight kilometre circuit for a total race distance of 498 kilometres.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [22, 22], "content_span": [23, 585]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077026-0001-0000", "contents": "1959 German Grand Prix\nIn a unique Formula One race format, first, second and third were all claimed by the same team, Scuderia Ferrari. British driver Tony Brooks was declared the winner ahead of American team mates Dan Gurney and Phil Hill. All three drove Ferrari Dino 246s.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [22, 22], "content_span": [23, 277]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077026-0002-0000", "contents": "1959 German Grand Prix, Race report\nThe simplistic track consisted of a very fast straight down either side of a dual carriageway, punctuated at one end by a hairpin and at the other by a steep banking.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [24, 35], "content_span": [36, 202]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077026-0003-0000", "contents": "1959 German Grand Prix, Race report\nAlso uniquely in Formula One World Championship history, the race was divided into two heats. In the first, Tony Brooks and Dan Gurney took the lead. Masten Gregory in the Cooper-Climax battled hard with them, passing first one Ferrari then the other as the lead changed hands until a big end bolt broke. It was a Ferrari 1-2-3 with Phil Hill taking the final podium place. In the second heat, once again the Ferraris had a duel at the front, this time with Bruce McLaren until he suffered transfer gear problems.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [24, 35], "content_span": [36, 549]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077026-0003-0001", "contents": "1959 German Grand Prix, Race report\nOn aggregate placings, it was an all-Ferrari podium in the order Brooks, Gurney, Hill. Maurice Trintignant was fourth from Jo Bonnier and Ian Burgess. This was the fastest Formula One race recorded at this time, with an average speed of 143.3 miles per hour. Hans Herrmann crashed his BRM P25 five laps into the second heat. In the approach to the southern turn he struck hay bales and rolled his car, but was thrown clear and sent sliding down the track. While the car was destroyed, Herrmann escaped unscathed. Because of this incredible luck Herrmann got his nickname 'Hans im Gl\u00fcck'.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [24, 35], "content_span": [36, 623]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077026-0004-0000", "contents": "1959 German Grand Prix, Race report\nFormer Ferrari driver Frenchman Jean Behra was due to race his Behra-Porsche Special in the Grand Prix but Behra was killed the day before racing a Porsche RSK in the Formula 2 support race at the same venue.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [24, 35], "content_span": [36, 244]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077026-0005-0000", "contents": "1959 German Grand Prix, Race report\nThe results show evidence of the inconsistency with which rules were applied in this era. According to Formula One rules of the day, those drivers who retired before the end of the Grand Prix should only be classified if they pushed the car over the line after the finish. This rule was not applied to Harry Schell, who retired some 11 laps before the end. However, the rule was applied in other races, such as the 1960 Belgian Grand Prix. The rules were later clarified in 1966.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [24, 35], "content_span": [36, 515]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077026-0006-0000", "contents": "1959 German Grand Prix, Race report\nBrooks win allowed him to close to within four points of championship leader, Australian Cooper racer Jack Brabham.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [24, 35], "content_span": [36, 151]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077027-0000-0000", "contents": "1959 German football championship\nThe 1959 German football championship was the culmination of the football season in the Federal Republic of Germany in 1958\u201359. Eintracht Frankfurt were crowned champions for the first time after a group stage and a final.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [33, 33], "content_span": [34, 256]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077027-0001-0000", "contents": "1959 German football championship\nIt was Eintracht's second appearance in the German final, having previously lost to FC Bayern Munich in 1932. The team won all seven games it played in the finals. On the strength of this title, the club participated in the 1959\u201360 European Cup, where it became the first German club to reach the final.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [33, 33], "content_span": [34, 337]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077027-0002-0000", "contents": "1959 German football championship\nFor the losing finalist, Kickers Offenbach, it was its second time to reach the national title game, having lost to VfB Stuttgart in 1950. It was also the only time the final was contested by two clubs from the state of Hesse.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [33, 33], "content_span": [34, 260]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077027-0003-0000", "contents": "1959 German football championship\nThe format used to determine the German champion was very similar to the one used in the 1957 and 1958 season. Nine clubs qualified for the tournament, with the runners-up of North and Southwest having to play a qualifying match. The remaining eight clubs then played a home-and-away round in two groups of four, with the two group winners entering the final. In previous seasons, only a single round had been played in the group stage, increasing the number of group games per team from three to six from 1959.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [33, 33], "content_span": [34, 545]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077027-0004-0000", "contents": "1959 German football championship, Qualified teams\nThe teams qualified for the finals through the 1958\u201359 Oberliga season:", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 50], "content_span": [51, 122]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077028-0000-0000", "contents": "1959 German football championship Final\nThe 1959 German football championship Final decided the winner of the 1959 German football championship, the 49th edition of the German football championship, a knockout football cup competition contested by the regional league winners to determine the national champions.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [39, 39], "content_span": [40, 312]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077028-0001-0000", "contents": "1959 German football championship Final\nThe match was played on 28 June 1959 at the Olympiastadion in Berlin. Eintracht Frankfurt won the match 5\u20133 after extra time against Kickers Offenbach for their 1st German title. With the win, Eintracht Frankfurt qualified for the 1959\u201360 European Cup, where they went on to reach the final.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [39, 39], "content_span": [40, 331]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077028-0002-0000", "contents": "1959 German football championship Final, Route to the final\nThe German football championship was a nine team single-elimination knockout cup competition, featuring the champions and runners-up of the Oberliga Nord, West, Oberliga S\u00fcdwest, and Oberliga S\u00fcd, and the champions of the Oberliga Berlin. The competition started with a qualification round between two teams in order to enter the group stage. During the group phase, four teams played each other in a home and away format, with the group winners advancing to the final.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 59], "content_span": [60, 529]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077028-0003-0000", "contents": "1959 German football championship Final, Route to the final\nNote: In all results below, the score of the finalist is given first (H: home; A: away).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 59], "content_span": [60, 148]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077029-0000-0000", "contents": "1959 Gibraltar general election\nGeneral elections were held in Gibraltar on 24 September 1959. The Association for the Advancement of Civil Rights remained the largest party in the legislature, winning three of the seven elected seats.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [31, 31], "content_span": [32, 235]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077030-0000-0000", "contents": "1959 Giro d'Italia\nThe 1959 Giro d'Italia was the 42nd\u00a0running of the Giro d'Italia, one of cycling's Grand Tour races. The Giro started in Milan, on 16 May, with a 135\u00a0km (83.9\u00a0mi) stage and concluded back in Milan, on 7 June, with a 220\u00a0km (136.7\u00a0mi) leg. A total of 120 riders from 15 teams entered the 20-stage race, which was won by Luxembourgian Charly Gaul of the EMI team. The second and third places were taken by Frenchman Jacques Anquetil and Italian Diego Ronchini, respectively.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 18], "section_span": [18, 18], "content_span": [19, 491]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077030-0001-0000", "contents": "1959 Giro d'Italia, Teams\nIn the weeks preceding the Giro's start, Jacques Anquetil and the Helyett\u2013Leroux\u2013Fynsec\u2013Hutchinson team were interested in participating in the race; however, they desired an appearance fee. After calls were made, the team eventually settled on coming to the race. Ultimately, thirteen teams were invited by the race organizers to participate in the 1959 edition of the Giro d'Italia. Each team sent a squad of ten riders, which meant that the race started with a peloton of 130 cyclists. The teams were primarily composed of Italian riders except Faema\u2013Guerra and Helyett\u2013Leroux\u2013Fynsec\u2013Hutchinson. From the riders that began the race, 86 made it to the finish in Milan.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 18], "section_span": [20, 25], "content_span": [26, 696]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077030-0002-0000", "contents": "1959 Giro d'Italia, Pre-race favorites\nJacques Anquetil and Charly Gaul were seen as favorites to win the race. Anquetil entered the Giro with a formidable Helyett\u2013Leroux\u2013Fynsec\u2013Hutchinson team that included the likes of 1958 Vuelta a Espa\u00f1a winner Jean Stablinski, the 1958 Tour de France's most \"elegant\" rider Edouard Delberghe, Irishman Seamus Elliot, and Jean Graczyk. When asked about his chances to win the race Anquetil stated: \"I know that I am in good shape. If I am beaten, it will mean there are better riders than myself in the race.\"", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 18], "section_span": [20, 38], "content_span": [39, 547]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077030-0002-0001", "contents": "1959 Giro d'Italia, Pre-race favorites\nReigning world champion Ercole Baldini was seen as a contender to win the race, but due to an operation at the beginning of the cycling season he entered the race weighing more than normal. Charly Gaul entered as a previous winner of the Giro d'Italia in 1956 Giro d'Italia, as well as the reigning champion of the Tour de France.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 18], "section_span": [20, 38], "content_span": [39, 369]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077030-0003-0000", "contents": "1959 Giro d'Italia, Pre-race favorites\nFaema\u2013Guerra's Rik Van Looy had desires to win a Grand Tour during his career and had previously raced the Giro in 1955 and Vuelta a Espa\u00f1a in 1958, not finishing either race. However, during the 1959 campaign, Looy won the Giro di Sardegna and Vuelta a Levante, as well as finishing third in the Vuelta a Espa\u00f1a. Faema\u2013Guerra entered with a completely Belgian team except for German Hans Junkerman and had gotten the nickname \"Red Guard\" because of their red jerseys, the team was well known for setting up Looy for stage victories. Miguel Poblet stated he was not there just to win stages.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 18], "section_span": [20, 38], "content_span": [39, 630]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077030-0004-0000", "contents": "1959 Giro d'Italia, Route and stages\nThe route for the race was released on 2 April 1959 at the Casino della Valle in Saint Vincent in front of journalists, local dignitaries, and various industrialists. There were four individual time trials within the race of which one, stage 7, was a climbing time trial up to Mount Vesuvius. Ten stages contained a total 15 categorized climbs. The only rest day was scheduled on 27 May in Rimini. The race consisted of 22 days of racing and was covered 3,657\u00a0km (2,272\u00a0mi).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 18], "section_span": [20, 36], "content_span": [37, 511]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077030-0005-0000", "contents": "1959 Giro d'Italia, Route and stages\nRegarding the route for the Giro d'Italia, Corriere dello Sport writer Cesare Facetti felt that the route was very difficult and would make it very difficult for a rider to complete the Giro d'Italia and be successful in the Tour de France in late June.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 18], "section_span": [20, 36], "content_span": [37, 290]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077030-0006-0000", "contents": "1959 Giro d'Italia, Race overview\nThe race began with the introductions in the Duomo square in front of the Milan cathedral, with Baldini received the loudest ovation upon his introduction. The opening leg finished at the famed Spa town Salsomaggiore. During the stage, only one breakaway was able to sustain a lengthy advantage over the peloton and that came 76\u00a0km (47\u00a0mi) into the race with a solo attack by Darrigade (Helyett).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 18], "section_span": [20, 33], "content_span": [34, 430]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077030-0006-0001", "contents": "1959 Giro d'Italia, Race overview\nHe managed to win the intermediate sprint on the course before being joined by six riders and another twenty as the stage wound down; however, the escapees were caught with 8\u00a0km (5\u00a0mi) to go. The day ended with a bunch sprint won by Belgian Rik Van Looy. The following stage was the first individual time trial of the race, which Anquetil was favored to win. Anquetil won the day by twenty-five seconds ahead of Rolf Graf and assumed the race lead.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 18], "section_span": [20, 33], "content_span": [34, 482]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077030-0006-0002", "contents": "1959 Giro d'Italia, Race overview\nHe rode the stage on a 52 x 13 gear, which when Gaul found out following the stage said \"Nobody, not even Anquetil, can push that gear.\" The first summit finish came with the third leg that ended on the Abetone. A twelve-man group containing Looy and Jos Hoevenaers reached the climb first, while a second major group containing the favorites likes Anquetil and Gaul reached the climb after. Gaul attacked at the beginning of the climb and reached the first group alone. He rode with them for a short time before attacking and going on solo to win the stage and take the race lead.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 18], "section_span": [20, 33], "content_span": [34, 615]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077030-0007-0000", "contents": "1959 Giro d'Italia, Race overview\nAround 49\u00a0km (30\u00a0mi) into the fourth stage, near Pistoie, a group of nine broke away from the peloton and established a lead of five minutes that soon grew to eleven as the stage progressed. The peloton reacted and began to increase their tempo, but they did not catch the breakaway. In the breakaway, some riders cracked leaving Arturo Neri, Armando Pellegrini, Aurelio Cestari, and Gastone Nencini at the front. Pellegrini edged out Cestari and Nencini to take the stage, while Neri dropped before the finish line and finished four seconds behind.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 18], "section_span": [20, 33], "content_span": [34, 583]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077030-0008-0000", "contents": "1959 Giro d'Italia, Race overview\nDuring the sixth leg into Naples, Seamus Elliot (Helyett\u2013Pontin) attacked from the leading breakaway as the stage came to a close, primarily because of sprinter Miguel Poblet's (Ignis) presence in the breakaway. He went under one kilometer left before he cramped with 400\u00a0m (1,312\u00a0ft) remaining and was overtaken. Poblet won the stage, while Elliot held on to get 10th place. The next day's stage was a 9\u00a0km (6\u00a0mi) climbing individual time trial along a road on Mount Vesuvius, which ended at the observatory on the volcano.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 18], "section_span": [20, 33], "content_span": [34, 558]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077030-0008-0001", "contents": "1959 Giro d'Italia, Race overview\nAs the riders began the time trial in reverse of the standings for the general classification, contenders Anquetil and Gaul were the final two to get on the course. Anquetil again chose a larger gear (45 x 20), while Gaul chose a smaller gear (45 x 23). Anquetil was faster over the initial stretch of the race which covered the cobblestones, but after that stretch, Gaul closed the gap. Gaul finished eight seconds after Anquetil did, winning the stage by 37 seconds over Guido Boni (Tricofilina). A 31\u00a0km (19\u00a0mi) time trial followed the next day, but this time it was around the island of Ischia. The course was rather hilly and was won by Antonino Catalano (Bianchi), while with respect to the general classification, Anquetil managed to gain 22 seconds on Gaul.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 18], "section_span": [20, 33], "content_span": [34, 799]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077030-0009-0000", "contents": "1959 Giro d'Italia, Race overview\nSan Marino was the destination of the twelfth leg and it could be reached by one road when entering from Romini, a steep and rough road. The course featured two and a half circuits before its conclusion uphill. Anquetil attacked on the flat roads before the final climb and Nino Defilippis won the stage. Anquetil, who placed third, gained time he gained on the general classification contenders, put him 34 seconds behind the leader Gaul.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 18], "section_span": [20, 33], "content_span": [34, 473]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077030-0010-0000", "contents": "1959 Giro d'Italia, Race overview\nAfter the leading riders had crossed the Costalunga during the fifteenth day, Gaul descended with an advantage on a group containing Poblet, Anquetil, and Van Looy. The riders caught and passed Gaul when he suffered a puncture on the descent. The trio opened a large gap and Poblet won the stage, while Gaul crossed 2 minutes and 33 seconds behind. This loss gave Anquetil the race lead.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 18], "section_span": [20, 33], "content_span": [34, 421]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077030-0011-0000", "contents": "1959 Giro d'Italia, Race overview\nIn the 51\u00a0km (32\u00a0mi) time trial to Susa, Anquetil caught Gaul 22\u00a0km (14\u00a0mi) into the stage. Gaul proceeded to ride in Anquetil's slipstream for the remainder of the stage before Anquetil dropped him in the final kilometer.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 18], "section_span": [20, 33], "content_span": [34, 256]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077030-0012-0000", "contents": "1959 Giro d'Italia, Classification leadership\nOne jersey was worn during the 1959 Giro d'Italia. The leader of the general classification \u2013 calculated by adding the stage finish times of each rider \u2013 wore a pink jersey. This classification is the most important of the race, and its winner is considered as the winner of the Giro.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 18], "section_span": [20, 45], "content_span": [46, 330]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077030-0013-0000", "contents": "1959 Giro d'Italia, Classification leadership\nThe mountains classification leader. The climbs were ranked in first and second categories. In this ranking, points were won by reaching the summit of a climb ahead of other cyclists. There were two categories of mountains. The first category awarded 80, 60, 40, 30, and 20 points, while the second distributed 60, 40, and 20 points. Although no jersey was awarded, there was also one classification for the teams, in which the teams were awarded points for their rider's performance during the stages.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 18], "section_span": [20, 45], "content_span": [46, 548]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077030-0014-0000", "contents": "1959 Giro d'Italia, Aftermath\nThis was the first edition of the Giro d'Italia where an Italian did not lead the general classification after any stage. La Gazzetta wrote that the collective performance of the Italians in the Giro did not live up to expectations.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 18], "section_span": [20, 29], "content_span": [30, 262]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077031-0000-0000", "contents": "1959 Giro di Lombardia\nThe 1959 Giro di Lombardia was the 53rd edition of the Giro di Lombardia cycle race and was held on 18 October 1959. The race started and finished in Milan. The race was won by Rik Van Looy of the Faema\u2013Guerra team.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [22, 22], "content_span": [23, 238]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077032-0000-0000", "contents": "1959 Glover Trophy\nThe 1959 Glover Trophy was a motor race, run to Formula One rules, held on 30 March 1959 at Goodwood Circuit, England. The race was run over 42 laps of the circuit, and was won by British driver Stirling Moss in a Cooper T51.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 18], "section_span": [18, 18], "content_span": [19, 244]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077033-0000-0000", "contents": "1959 Governor General's Awards\nThe 1959 Governor General's Awards for Literary Merit were the 24th rendition of the Governor General's Awards, Canada's annual national awards program which then comprised literary awards alone. The awards recognized Canadian writers for new works published in Canada during 1959.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [30, 30], "content_span": [31, 312]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077033-0001-0000", "contents": "1959 Governor General's Awards\nCanada Council for the Arts took over administration of the program sometime during 1959 or 1960 \u2013 after the 1958 Governor General's Awards that recognized 1958 publications. Canada Council arranged for the first cash prizes to award-winning writers, \"at least 6 prizes of $1000 each for fiction, nonfiction, and drama or poetry in English and French\". Thus the program was expanded to cover French- as well as English-language works. Otherwise the number of award categories was reduced from five to three \u2013 the juvenile category eliminated after 10 years, the double recognition of non-fiction after 17 years.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [30, 30], "content_span": [31, 642]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077033-0002-0000", "contents": "1959 Governor General's Awards\nIn the event, only four awards were conferred for 1959 publications, two for English-language and two for French.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [30, 30], "content_span": [31, 144]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077034-0000-0000", "contents": "1959 Grand National\nThe 1959 Grand National was the 113th renewal of the Grand National horse race that took place at Aintree Racecourse near Liverpool, on 21 March 1959.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [19, 19], "content_span": [20, 170]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077034-0001-0000", "contents": "1959 Grand National\nThe race was won by the 8/1 second-favourite Oxo, ridden by Michael Scudamore and trained by Willie Stephenson. Thirty-four horses ran, including the previous year's winner Mr. What, who finished third. Wyndburgh was second and Tiberetta was the only other finisher, each finishing in the places for the third consecutive year.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [19, 19], "content_span": [20, 347]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077034-0002-0000", "contents": "1959 Grand National\nThere was one equine fatality during the race: Henry Purcell, who was one of fourteen horses to fall or be brought down at Becher's Brook. Additionally, Slippery Serpent broke a bone in his leg in falling at the thirteenth fence and was euthanised during the week after the race. A debate was held in parliament and the Home Secretary, Rab Butler, met the National Hunt Committee in response to safety concerns raised by the League Against Cruel Sports.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [19, 19], "content_span": [20, 473]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077035-0000-0000", "contents": "1959 Grand Prix motorcycle racing season\nThe 1959 Grand Prix motorcycle racing season was the 11th F.I.M. Road Racing World Championship Grand Prix season. The season consisted of seven Grand Prix races in five classes: 500cc, 350cc, 250cc, 125cc and Sidecars 500cc. It began on 17 May, with French Grand Prix and ended with Nations Grand Prix in Italy on 6 September.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [40, 40], "content_span": [41, 368]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077035-0001-0000", "contents": "1959 Grand Prix motorcycle racing season, 1959 Grand Prix season calendar\n\u2020\u2020 The Nations Grand Prix also held a non-championship 175 cc race, won by the Italian, Francesco Villa.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [42, 73], "content_span": [74, 178]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077035-0002-0000", "contents": "1959 Grand Prix motorcycle racing season, Standings, Scoring system\nPoints were awarded to the top six finishers in each race. Only the four best races were counted in all five classes: the Sidecars, 125cc, 250cc, 350cc and 500cc championships.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [42, 67], "content_span": [68, 244]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077036-0000-0000", "contents": "1959 Green Bay Packers season\nThe 1959 Green Bay Packers season was their 39th season in the National Football League and 41st overall. The team finished with a 7\u20135 record in the 1959 season under first-year coach Vince Lombardi to earn a third-place finish in the Western Conference.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [29, 29], "content_span": [30, 284]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077036-0001-0000", "contents": "1959 Green Bay Packers season\nIt was the Packers' first winning season in a dozen years, the last was a 6\u20135\u20131 mark in 1947. Green Bay had just one victory during the previous season in 1958 with the worst record in the 12-team league, and were 3\u20139 in 1957, tied for worst.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [29, 29], "content_span": [30, 272]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077036-0002-0000", "contents": "1959 Green Bay Packers season, The Lombardi Era begins\nOn February 4, 1959, Vince Lombardi seized his opportunity and began building his football dynasty in Green Bay. He arrived after both phases of the draft (December 1 and January 21), and started by trading away the Packers' best receiver of the decade, Billy Howton, to the Cleveland Browns. To bring some much-needed leadership to the defensive backfield, Lombardi obtained future Hall of Famer Emlen Tunnell from the New York Giants. He also acquired Fuzzy Thurston from the Baltimore Colts and defensive tackle Henry Jordan from Cleveland by the start of training camp. In all, 16 veterans from the previous season were sent packing as Lombardi installed a new attitude in the Packers' locker room.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 54], "content_span": [55, 757]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077036-0003-0000", "contents": "1959 Green Bay Packers season, The Lombardi Era begins, Training camp\nLombardi borrowed from the Giants model \u2014 the players had to feel like champions. The team traveled first class under the philosophy that \"you can't be a winner unless you feel like one.\" The change in culture was pronounced. Lombardi had to find a quarterback, and he was resistant to making Bart Starr the quarterback. Starr was in his fourth year in the league and hadn't won a game in which he'd played four quarters. \"Did Bart tell you how bad he was?\" a player was to later quip to biographer John Eisenberg. Former Razorback Lamar McHan beat out Starr, while veteran Babe Parilli was cut in mid-September, along with rookie running back Alex Hawkins, the thirteenth overall selection in the 1959 NFL Draft.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 69], "content_span": [70, 783]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077036-0004-0000", "contents": "1959 Green Bay Packers season, The Lombardi Era begins, Master plan\nThrough his now-legendary coaching style, Lombardi whipped the underachieving Packers into instant winners. He set his plan immediately into action at his very first team meeting. \"I have never been on a losing team, gentlemen, and I do not intend to start now!\"", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 67], "content_span": [68, 330]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077036-0005-0000", "contents": "1959 Green Bay Packers season, The Lombardi Era begins, Dramatic improvement\nThe results of Lombardi's approach were dramatic. In the season opener against the Chicago Bears, the Packers held on to win 9\u20136 and celebrated the victory by carrying their new head coach off the field. In his first year on the sidelines, the Packers posted their first winning record since 1947. The team's quick turnaround netted Lombardi unanimous honors as NFL coach of the year.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 76], "content_span": [77, 461]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077036-0006-0000", "contents": "1959 Green Bay Packers season, Schedule, Regular season\nLombardi's first regular season game as Packers coach was on September 27. In front of 32,150 fans, the Packers won the game. In the final seven minutes, the Packers put up nine points to win the game by a score of 9\u20136. Jim Taylor scored a touchdown to put the Packers on the scoreboard. Max McGee would have a sixty-one-yard punt which would land on the Bears 2-yard line. The punt set up the final score of the game. Hawg Hanner scored a safety on Bears quarterback Ed Brown. After the game, Jim Ringo grabbed the game ball and gave it to Lombardi.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 55], "content_span": [56, 606]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077036-0007-0000", "contents": "1959 Green Bay Packers season, Game summaries, Standings\nNote: Tie games were not officially counted in the standings until 1972.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 56], "content_span": [57, 129]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077037-0000-0000", "contents": "1959 Guatemalan parliamentary election\nParliamentary elections were held in Guatemala on 16 December 1959, in order to elect half the seats in Congress. Voter turnout was just 44.91%.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [38, 38], "content_span": [39, 183]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077038-0000-0000", "contents": "1959 Hamilton by-election\nThe Hamilton by-election 1959 was a by-election held in the Hamilton electorate in Hamilton in the Waikato during the term of the 32nd New Zealand Parliament, on 2 May 1959.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [25, 25], "content_span": [26, 199]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077038-0001-0000", "contents": "1959 Hamilton by-election, Background\nThe by-election was caused by the death of incumbent MP Hilda Ross of the National Party on 6 March 1959. The by-election was won by Lance Adams-Schneider, also of the National Party.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [27, 37], "content_span": [38, 221]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077038-0002-0000", "contents": "1959 Hamilton by-election, Candidates\nThe Labour Party chose its Hamilton candidate for the previous three elections Ben Waters. Waters was a member of The Labour Party's national executive and had placed second to Ross in 1951, 1954 and 1957 where he slightly increased Labour share of the vote from 41.63 to 43.16 percent.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [27, 37], "content_span": [38, 324]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077038-0003-0000", "contents": "1959 Hamilton by-election, Candidates\nThe National Party selected Lance Adams-Schneider a member of the Taumarunui Borough Council. He had contested the Hutt electorate in 1957.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [27, 37], "content_span": [38, 177]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077038-0004-0000", "contents": "1959 Hamilton by-election, Candidates\nFrederick Charles Roberts stood as the candidate for the Social Credit Party. In 1957 he stood for Social Credit in the Raglan electorate.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [27, 37], "content_span": [38, 176]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077039-0000-0000", "contents": "1959 Hardin\u2013Simmons Cowboys football team\nThe 1959 Hardin\u2013Simmons Cowboys football team was an American football team that represented Hardin\u2013Simmons University in the Border Conference during the 1959 NCAA University Division football season. In its fifth and final season under head coach Sammy Baugh, the team compiled a 3\u20137 record (2\u20132 against conference opponents), tied for third place in the conference, and was outscored by a total of 244 to 154. The team played its three home games at Public Schools Stadium in Abilene, Texas.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 41], "section_span": [41, 41], "content_span": [42, 536]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077039-0001-0000", "contents": "1959 Hardin\u2013Simmons Cowboys football team\nNo Hardin-Simmons players were named to the 1959 All-Border Conference football team.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 41], "section_span": [41, 41], "content_span": [42, 127]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077040-0000-0000", "contents": "1959 Harelbeke\u2013Antwerp\u2013Harelbeke\nThe 1959 Harelbeke\u2013Antwerp\u2013Harelbeke was the second edition of the E3 Harelbeke cycle race and was held on 17 May 1959. The race started and finished in Harelbeke. The race was won by Norbert Kerckhove.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [32, 32], "content_span": [33, 235]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077041-0000-0000", "contents": "1959 Harrow East by-election\nA by-election for the United Kingdom House of Commons was held in the constituency of Harrow East on 19 March 1959, following the resignation of sitting Conservative Member of Parliament (MP) Ian Harvey.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [28, 28], "content_span": [29, 232]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077041-0001-0000", "contents": "1959 Harrow East by-election, Background\nIn November 1958, Harvey and a Guardsman from the Coldstream Guards were found in the bushes in St James's Park and arrested; Harvey tried to escape, and attempted to give a false name on arrest. Both were charged with gross indecency and breach of the park regulations; when tried on 10 December, the indecency charge was dropped and both were fined \u00a35. Harvey subsequently resigned his ministerial post and his seat, forcing the by-election; he paid the guardsman's fine as well as his own.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 40], "content_span": [41, 533]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077041-0002-0000", "contents": "1959 Harrow East by-election, Candidates\nThe by-election saw the seat held by the Conservative candidate, Anthony Courtney, with a small swing to Labour, whose candidate, the future Home Secretary Merlyn Rees, had contested the seat in 1955, and would do so again in the General Election later in 1959. A minor candidate also stood, representing the National Union of Small Shopkeepers, but he lost his deposit.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 40], "content_span": [41, 411]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077042-0000-0000", "contents": "1959 Harvard Crimson football team\nThe 1959 Harvard Crimson football team was an American football team that represented Harvard University during the 1958 NCAA University Division football season. Harvard tied for third place in the Ivy League.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [34, 34], "content_span": [35, 245]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077042-0001-0000", "contents": "1959 Harvard Crimson football team\nIn their third year under head coach John Yovicsin, the Crimson compiled a 6\u20133 record and outscored opponents 177 to 101. Harold J. Keohane was the team captain.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [34, 34], "content_span": [35, 196]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077042-0002-0000", "contents": "1959 Harvard Crimson football team\nHarvard's 4\u20133 conference record placed tied for third-best in the Ivy League. The Crimson outscored Ivy opponents 121 to 73.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [34, 34], "content_span": [35, 159]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077042-0003-0000", "contents": "1959 Harvard Crimson football team\nHarvard played its home games at Harvard Stadium in the Allston neighborhood of Boston, Massachusetts.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [34, 34], "content_span": [35, 137]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077043-0000-0000", "contents": "1959 Hawaii Rainbows football team\nThe 1959 Hawaii Rainbows football team represented the University of Hawai\u02bbi at M\u0101noa as an independent during the 1959 NCAA College Division football season. In their eighth season under head coach Hank Vasconcellos, the Rainbows compiled a 3\u20136 record.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [34, 34], "content_span": [35, 288]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077044-0000-0000", "contents": "1959 Hawaii gubernatorial election\nThe 1959 Hawaii gubernatorial election was Hawaii's first gubernatorial election. The election was held on July 28, 1959, one month after Hawaiians had voted for statehood in accordance with the Hawaii Admission Act and one month before admission as the 50th state on August 21, 1959.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [34, 34], "content_span": [35, 319]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077044-0001-0000", "contents": "1959 Hawaii gubernatorial election\nIn the election, the Republican candidate, Territorial Governor William F. Quinn, defeated the Democratic candidate, Territorial Delegate John A. Burns. Quinn won only the island of Oahu while Burns carried all other islands.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [34, 34], "content_span": [35, 260]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077045-0000-0000", "contents": "1959 Hawthorn Football Club season\nThe 1959 season was the Hawthorn Football Club's 35th season in the Victorian Football League and 58th overall.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [34, 34], "content_span": [35, 146]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077046-0000-0000", "contents": "1959 Hebgen Lake earthquake\nThe 1959 Hebgen Lake earthquake (also known as the 1959 Yellowstone earthquake) occurred on August 17 at 11:37 pm (MST) in southwestern Montana, United States. The earthquake measured 7.2 on the Moment magnitude scale, caused a huge landslide, resulted in over 28 fatalities and left US$11 million (equivalent to $97.66\u00a0million in 2020) in damage. The slide blocked the flow of the  Madison River, resulting in the creation of Quake Lake. Significant effects of the earthquake were also felt in nearby Idaho and Wyoming, and lesser effects as far away as Puerto Rico and Hawaii.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [27, 27], "content_span": [28, 606]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077046-0001-0000", "contents": "1959 Hebgen Lake earthquake\nThe 1959 quake was the strongest and deadliest earthquake to hit Montana, the second being the 1935\u201336 Helena earthquakes that left four people dead. It also caused the worst landslides in the Northwestern United States since 1927.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [27, 27], "content_span": [28, 259]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077046-0002-0000", "contents": "1959 Hebgen Lake earthquake, Earthquake\nThe earthquake occurred at 11:37\u00a0p.m. (MST) with a magnitude of 7.2 Mw\u202f. The U.S. Weather Bureau reported that the quake lasted 30\u201340 seconds. During the earthquake the surrounding landscape dropped as much as 20 feet (6.1\u00a0m) and shockwaves caused numerous seiches to surge across Hebgen Lake for 12 hours. Water pushed by the seiches poured over the dam which did not collapse. Several aftershocks ranging from 5.8 to 6.3 were reported after the quake.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 39], "content_span": [40, 493]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077046-0003-0000", "contents": "1959 Hebgen Lake earthquake, Earthquake\nThe earthquake struck in Madison Canyon, an area to the west of Yellowstone National Park. Several nearby campgrounds were occupied by vacationing campers and tourists at the time.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 39], "content_span": [40, 220]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077046-0004-0000", "contents": "1959 Hebgen Lake earthquake, Earthquake\nAlthough magnitude estimates for the 1959 earthquake vary (the United States Geological Survey recorded the quake at both 7.3 and 7.5, now calculated by the ISC as 7.2 Mw\u202f) the 1959 earthquake is comparable to the 1906 San Francisco earthquake as one of the strongest earthquakes in North America, behind the 1964 magnitude 9.2 Good Friday earthquake in Alaska and the 1811\u20131812 New Madrid earthquakes in Missouri. The 1959 earthquake is also the most severe earthquake in the Rocky Mountain area of the United States along with the 6.9 magnitude earthquake which struck Idaho in 1983.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 39], "content_span": [40, 625]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077046-0004-0001", "contents": "1959 Hebgen Lake earthquake, Earthquake\nThe landslide caused by this quake was the largest since an earthquake in Wyoming in 1925 caused a landslide amounting to 50\u00a0million cubic yards (38\u00a0million cubic metres) of rock and debris that left 28 people dead. The death toll from the quake was also the highest since the 1925 earthquake and most recent for the Northwestern United States  since an earthquake in 1927 that left seven people dead. The 1959 earthquake was also the most damaging earthquake to occur in Montana since the 1935\u201336 earthquakes that left four people dead. The Hebgen Lake area also experienced earthquakes again in 1964, 1974, 1977 and 1985.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 39], "content_span": [40, 663]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077046-0005-0000", "contents": "1959 Hebgen Lake earthquake, Earthquake, Effects\nThe landslides caused by the quake carried 50\u00a0million cubic yards (38\u00a0million cubic metres) of rock, mud and debris down into the valley and created hurricane-force winds strong enough to toss cars. In Madison Canyon, the landslide swept away a family of seven, five of whom perished. Two more fatalities were also reported in nearby Cliff Lake to the south. In Rock Creek, tourists camping there were caught off guard by the quake and landslide, which swept them into the creek. The earthquake caused a seiche which inundated trailers and tents, uprooted trees, and injured one additional person.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 48], "content_span": [49, 646]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077046-0006-0000", "contents": "1959 Hebgen Lake earthquake, Earthquake, Effects\nNew geysers and cracks sprouted up in nearby Yellowstone National Park. Near Old Faithful, the earthquake damaged the Old Faithful Inn, forcing guests there to evacuate. Landslides caused by the quake blocked a road between Mammoth and Old Faithful, damaging a bridge inside the park. There was one reported injury when a woman broke her wrist. The earthquake also created fault scarps as high as 20 feet (6.1\u00a0m), causing extensive damage to roads, homes, and buildings. In Belgrade, Montana the earthquake damaged measuring equipment placed in a 100-foot (30\u00a0m) water well.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 48], "content_span": [49, 623]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077046-0006-0001", "contents": "1959 Hebgen Lake earthquake, Earthquake, Effects\nThe quake also knocked out telephone communications between Bozeman and Yellowstone, with the city of Bozeman itself suffering moderate quake damage to homes and buildings. Buildings at the Montana State University campus also sustained quake damage. In Butte, the quake caused a pendulum clock to stop at 12:42\u00a0a.m. (MST) and caused minor damage to homes.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 48], "content_span": [49, 405]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077046-0007-0000", "contents": "1959 Hebgen Lake earthquake, Earthquake, Effects\nAreas around Hebgen Lake were also affected as the quake caused parts of the lake to rise eight feet (2.4\u00a0m). Roads and highways running along the shores of the lake collapsed into the water. In Ennis, most residents were evacuated due to concern Hebgen Lake might flood the town. The evacuation was subsequently called off when it became known the landslide had blocked the river's flow. In West Yellowstone, the earthquake damaged a courthouse and a railroad station.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 48], "content_span": [49, 518]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077046-0008-0000", "contents": "1959 Hebgen Lake earthquake, Earthquake, Effects\nThe earthquake also caused damage and fatalities outside of Montana. In Raynolds Pass in Eastern Idaho, a landslide killed eight more people. Seismic waves from the quake were reported in Boise and Macks Inn, Idaho, causing minor well and sewer damage. The final death toll from the earthquake was 28, although some newspaper reports suggested the death toll was high as 50\u201360. US$11 million (equivalent to $97.66\u00a0million in 2020) in damage was caused.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 48], "content_span": [49, 501]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077046-0009-0000", "contents": "1959 Hebgen Lake earthquake, Earthquake, Effects\nThe quake was felt outside the region. In Salt Lake County, Utah, police officers at the local jail and officials at the Salt Lake Municipal Airport felt the effects of the earthquake. Water levels in wells were affected as far away as Hawaii, 3,200\u00a0mi (5,100\u00a0km) away, where water in wells fluctuated .10\u00a0ft (1.20\u00a0in; 0.03\u00a0m), and .01\u00a0ft (0.120\u00a0in; 0.003\u00a0m) in Puerto Rico. Levels in nearby Idaho fluctuated as much as 10\u00a0ft (3.0\u00a0m).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 48], "content_span": [49, 483]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077046-0010-0000", "contents": "1959 Hebgen Lake earthquake, Earthquake, Earthquake Lake\nThe landslide caused by the quake blocked the flow of the Madison River. The blockage caused the water to rise and formed a new lake, which was later to be named Quake Lake (officially Earthquake Lake). Fearing that the pressure caused by the rising water would result in a catastrophic flood, the Army Corps of Engineers began to cut a 250-foot (76.2\u00a0m) wide and 14-foot (4.3\u00a0m) deep channel into the slide. By September 10, water began to flow through the channel. To prevent more erosion by the flowing water, the Army Corps cut another 50-foot (15.2\u00a0m) channel which was completed on October 29. The construction of the two channels cost US$1.7 million (equivalent to $15.09\u00a0million in 2020).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 56], "content_span": [57, 753]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077046-0011-0000", "contents": "1959 Hebgen Lake earthquake, Aftermath\nAmateur radio operator K7ICM transmitted news of the quake at 11:43\u00a0p.m. (MST). At 11:50\u00a0p.m., another amateur in Idaho contacted the Idaho State Police who in turn contacted their headquarters in Boise. The Montana Highway Patrol, Montana State Civil Defense and the Montana Department of Fish, Wildlife and Parks also received word of the earthquake and its effects. The geography of the area plus the damage from the earthquake disrupted and/or obstructed radio communications, making broadcasting accurate information about the quakes effects difficult.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 38], "content_span": [39, 596]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077046-0012-0000", "contents": "1959 Hebgen Lake earthquake, Aftermath\nThe Yellowstone County Chapter of the American Red Cross, Salvation Army and various other local, national, and organizations from multiple states sent aid to the victims of the earthquake. The Red Cross also set up temporary housing in Bozeman and the Wyoming Department of Health sent 200 trailers to the Yellowstone area to be used as hospitals.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 38], "content_span": [39, 387]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077046-0012-0001", "contents": "1959 Hebgen Lake earthquake, Aftermath\nBecause the majority of the roads in and around the Yellowstone area were either damaged or blocked by the landslides and the quake, equipment and personnel from the United States Air Force and the U.S. Forest Service were brought in to transport the injured to nearby hospitals outside the quake zone and to perform search and rescue missions in Madison Canyon. 300 people trapped in the canyon were rescued. Rescuers found five to nine bodies in the earthquake zone. Residents from the town of Ennis, were evacuated to Virginia City and Butte.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 38], "content_span": [39, 584]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077046-0013-0000", "contents": "1959 Hebgen Lake earthquake, Aftermath\nSenators and Representatives Frank Moss (D-Utah), John Baldwin (R-California), Harold Johnson (D-California), Lee Metcalf (D-Montana), Leroy Anderson (D-Montana), Tom Morris (D-New Mexico) and Gracie Pfost (D-Idaho) flew over and surveyed the disaster area. The Senate Interior and Insular Affairs Committee requested Montana Governor J. Hugo Aronson to declare the areas hardest hit by the quake a disaster area. Wyoming Governor John J. Hickey provided help and equipment in the aftermath of the quake. The Montana National Guard was called to the quake area to prevent looting of campsites left abandoned by the quake.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 38], "content_span": [39, 660]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077046-0013-0001", "contents": "1959 Hebgen Lake earthquake, Aftermath\nThe Idaho National Guard were also sent to the quake area. The Montana Highway Department began clearing roads of debris and mud. The work was slowed by aftershocks and smaller landslides. On August 19, US Highway 20 and US Highway 191 were reopened while Montana State Highway 1 remained closed. Three bridges in Duck Creek, Cougar Creek and Madison Canyon were repaired and reopened as well. Because of the threat of gasoline spilling into the Missouri River, a local pipeline company built an emergency pumping station. The Montana Power Company surveyed Hebgen Dam and found it sustained minimal damage. Hebgen Lake was completely drained for crewmen to make repairs and to rid it of dead or dying fish. Overall repairs to the Yellowstone National Park amounted to US$2.6 million (equivalent to $23.08\u00a0million in 2020).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 38], "content_span": [39, 862]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077046-0014-0000", "contents": "1959 Hebgen Lake earthquake, Aftermath\nFifty people including police officers, members of the Red Cross and others held a memorial service a mile north of the slide in Madison Canyon for campers presumed buried under the quake-induced landslide. The services lasted for 15 minutes. After the quake, the U.S. Forest Service built the Quake Lake visitor center on top of the landslide which was completed in 1967. The U.S. Forest Service placed a plaque on one of the boulders that fell during the quake to honor the 19\u201321 people who were killed during the quake-induced landslide.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 38], "content_span": [39, 579]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077047-0000-0000", "contents": "1959 Hengchun earthquake\nThe 1959 Hengchun earthquake (Chinese: 1959\u5e74\u6046\u6625\u5730\u9707; pinyin: 1959 ni\u00e1n H\u00e9ngch\u016bn d\u00eczh\u00e8n) struck the southern tip of Taiwan on August 15 with a Richter magnitude 7.1. It was the tenth deadliest earthquake in twentieth century Taiwan, killing 16 or 17 people.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [24, 24], "content_span": [25, 278]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077047-0001-0000", "contents": "1959 Hengchun earthquake, Earthquake\nThe earthquake occurred at 16:57 CST on Saturday 15 August 1959, with an epicentre 50 kilometres (31\u00a0mi) east-southeast of Cape Eluanbi, the southern tip of the island of Taiwan. The shock had a focal depth of 20 kilometres (12\u00a0mi). A tsunami 4\u20135\u00a0m (13\u201316\u00a0ft) high hit both the southeastern and southwestern coasts of Hengchun. The earthquake was felt throughout Taiwan and also in the Penghu islands off Taiwan's western coast.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 36], "content_span": [37, 465]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077047-0002-0000", "contents": "1959 Hengchun earthquake, Damage\nAccording to Taiwan's Central Weather Bureau the casualties and damage were as follows:", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 32], "content_span": [33, 120]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077047-0003-0000", "contents": "1959 Hengchun earthquake, Damage\nDue to Hengchun's exposed position on the southern tip of Taiwan, residents frequently built heavy houses of stone to counter both the effects of typhoons and the seasonal northwesterly monsoon winds. These structures effectively resisted the effects of wind, but fared poorly in earthquakes, collapsing and trapping the occupants.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 32], "content_span": [33, 364]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077047-0004-0000", "contents": "1959 Hengchun earthquake, Damage\nThe shock occurred in the late afternoon, which meant that many people were outdoors when it struck, lessening casualties from building collapse. The estimated cost of the damage (in 1959 New Taiwan Dollars) was NT$24,111,920 for private housing, and NT$6,127,000 for damaged or collapsed school buildings, giving a total of just over NT$30m.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 32], "content_span": [33, 375]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077048-0000-0000", "contents": "1959 Hickory 250\nThe 1959 Hickory 250 was a NASCAR Grand National Series event that was held on May 2, 1959, at Hickory Speedway in Hickory, North Carolina.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 16], "section_span": [16, 16], "content_span": [17, 156]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077048-0001-0000", "contents": "1959 Hickory 250\nHarlan Richardson would make his grand debut into the NASCAR Cup Series during this event.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 16], "section_span": [16, 16], "content_span": [17, 107]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077048-0002-0000", "contents": "1959 Hickory 250, Background\nHickory Motor Speedway is a short track located in Hickory, North Carolina. It is one of stock car racing's most storied venues, and is often referred to as the \"World's Most Famous Short Track\" and the \"Birthplace of the NASCAR Stars\".", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 16], "section_span": [18, 28], "content_span": [29, 265]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077048-0003-0000", "contents": "1959 Hickory 250, Background\nThe track first opened in 1951 as a 1\u20442-mile (0.80\u00a0km) dirt track. Gwyn Staley won the first race at the speedway and later became the first track champion. Drivers such as Junior Johnson, Ned Jarrett, and Ralph Earnhardt also became track champions in the 1950s, with Earnhardt  winning five of them.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 16], "section_span": [18, 28], "content_span": [29, 330]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077048-0004-0000", "contents": "1959 Hickory 250, Background\nIn 1953, NASCAR's Grand National Series visited the track for the first time. Tim Flock won the first race at the speedway, which became a regular part of the Grand National schedule. After winning his track championship in 1952, Junior Johnson became the most successful Grand National driver at Hickory, winning there seven times.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 16], "section_span": [18, 28], "content_span": [29, 361]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077048-0005-0000", "contents": "1959 Hickory 250, Background\nThe track has been re-configured three times in its history. The track became a 0.4-mile (644 meters) dirt track in 1955, which was paved for the first time during the 1967 season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 16], "section_span": [18, 28], "content_span": [29, 209]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077048-0006-0000", "contents": "1959 Hickory 250, Race report\nThere were 21 drivers who were on the starting grid for this 250-lap racing event. Drivers who were on the lead lap were Junior Johnson, Speedy Thompson, Joe Weatherly, and Buck Baker. Eleven drivers were knocked out of the race due to various vehicle-related problems; Rex White was credited with the last-place finish due to troubles with his transmission on lap 27. All of the drivers were born in the United States of America. Only four cautions slowed the race for an undetermined number of laps. Five thousand people eventually got to see Junior Johnson defeat Joe Weatherly by two and a half laps.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 16], "section_span": [18, 29], "content_span": [30, 634]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077048-0007-0000", "contents": "1959 Hickory 250, Race report\nThe average speed of all the stock cars in this event was 62.195 miles per hour or 100.093 kilometres per hour; closer to the pole position speed of 68.9 miles per hour or 110.9 kilometres per hour set by Junior Johnson than in today's NASCAR competitions. The entire race was done on a dirt track. Delta Auto Sales was the only \"corporate\" sponsor for the drivers in this event. Model years for the vehicles ranged from 1957 to 1959. Most of the field were driving Chevrolet stock cars.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 16], "section_span": [18, 29], "content_span": [30, 517]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077048-0008-0000", "contents": "1959 Hickory 250, Race report\nThe time it took the race to go from the first green flag to the checkered flag was one hour and thirty-six minutes. Individual prize winnings for each driver ranged from the winner's share of $800 ($70,164.38 when adjusted for inflation) to the last-place finishers' share of $50 ($438.53 when adjusted for inflation). The entire prize purse for this event added up to $3,375 ($29,600.6 when adjusted for inflation).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 16], "section_span": [18, 29], "content_span": [30, 447]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077049-0000-0000", "contents": "1959 Hokkaido gubernatorial election\nThis is the current revision of this page, as edited by Rich Farmbrough (talk | contribs) at 17:08, 19 November 2019 (Date formats). The present address (URL) is a permanent link to this version.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [36, 36], "content_span": [37, 232]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077049-0001-0000", "contents": "1959 Hokkaido gubernatorial election\nA gubernatorial election was held on 23 April 1959 to elect the Governor of Hokkaido Prefecture.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [36, 36], "content_span": [37, 133]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077050-0000-0000", "contents": "1959 Holy Cross Crusaders football team\nThe 1959 Holy Cross Crusaders football team was an American football team that represented the College of the Holy Cross as an independent during the 1959 NCAA University Division football season. Eddie Anderson returned for the 10th consecutive year as head coach, his 16th year overall. The team compiled a record of 6\u20134.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [39, 39], "content_span": [40, 363]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077050-0001-0000", "contents": "1959 Holy Cross Crusaders football team, Schedule\nAll home games were played at Fitton Field on the Holy Cross campus in Worcester, Massachusetts.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 49], "content_span": [50, 146]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077051-0000-0000", "contents": "1959 Honduran Amateur League\nThe 1959 Honduran Amateur League was the twelfth edition of the Honduran Amateur League. C.D. Olimpia obtained its 3rd national title. The season ran from 1 February 1959 to 16 November 1959.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [28, 28], "content_span": [29, 220]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077051-0001-0000", "contents": "1959 Honduran Amateur League, National championship round\nPlayed in a double round-robin format between the regional champions. Also known as the Triangular.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 57], "content_span": [58, 157]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077052-0000-0000", "contents": "1959 Hong Kong municipal election\nThe 1959 Urban Council election was held on 3 March 1959 for the 4 of the 8 elected seats of the Urban Council of Hong Kong. The turnout rate dropped to 30.7% but there were still 7,236 of the 23,584 eligible voters cast their votes, 5,354 ballots from Hong Kong Island and 1,882 from Kowloon. Ernest Charles Wong, chairman of the Tung Wah Group of Hospitals won a seat for the Hong Kong Civic Association of which Philip Au of the Reform Club of Hong Kong retired from, while the other three Club incumbents were re-elected.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [33, 33], "content_span": [34, 559]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077053-0000-0000", "contents": "1959 Houston Cougars football team\nThe 1959 Houston Cougars football team was an American football team that represented the University of Houston in the Missouri Valley Conference (MVC) during the 1959 NCAA University Division football season. In its third season under head coach Hal Lahar, the team compiled a 3\u20137 record (3\u20131 against conference opponents) and tied with North Texas State for the MVC championship. Claude King and Howard Evans were the team captains. The team played its home games at Rice Stadium in Houston.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [34, 34], "content_span": [35, 528]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077054-0000-0000", "contents": "1959 Humboldt State Lumberjacks football team\nThe 1959 Humboldt State Lumberjacks football team represented Humboldt State College during the 1959 NCAA College Division football season. Humboldt State competed in the Far Western Conference (FWC).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 45], "section_span": [45, 45], "content_span": [46, 246]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077054-0001-0000", "contents": "1959 Humboldt State Lumberjacks football team\nThe 1959 Lumberjacks were led by ninth-year head coach Phil Sarboe. They played home games at the Redwood Bowl in Arcata, California. Humboldt State lost their first game, then reeled off a nine-game winning streak to finish with a record of nine wins and one loss (9\u20131, 4\u20131 FWC). The Lumberjacks outscored their opponents 191\u2013137 for the season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 45], "section_span": [45, 45], "content_span": [46, 392]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077054-0002-0000", "contents": "1959 Humboldt State Lumberjacks football team, Team players in the NFL\nNo Humboldt State players were selected in the 1960 NFL Draft.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 45], "section_span": [47, 70], "content_span": [71, 133]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077055-0000-0000", "contents": "1959 ICF Canoe Slalom World Championships\nThe 1959 ICF Canoe Slalom World Championships were held in Geneva, Switzerland under the auspices of International Canoe Federation for the second time. It was the 6th edition. The mixed C2 team event was not held at these championships after taking place in the previous one. The Swiss city hosted the championships previously in 1949.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 41], "section_span": [41, 41], "content_span": [42, 378]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077056-0000-0000", "contents": "1959 Ice Hockey World Championships\nThe 1959 Ice Hockey World Championships were held between 5 March and 15 March 1959, in Prague, and six other cities in Czechoslovakia. Canada, represented by the Belleville McFarlands, won their eighteenth World championship, winning every game but their last. The Soviet Union finished second, claiming their fifth European title followed by the host Czechoslovaks. In the consolation round, West Germany played against East Germany for the first time in a World Championship, winning easily, 8\u20130. The Canadian games were broadcast on CJBQ radio by Jack Devine.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [35, 35], "content_span": [36, 599]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077056-0001-0000", "contents": "1959 Ice Hockey World Championships, World Championship Group A (Czechoslovakia), First round\nTwelve teams played in three groups where first and second place advanced to the final round, while the 3rd and 4th place teams competed in a consolation round.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 93], "content_span": [94, 254]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077056-0002-0000", "contents": "1959 Ice Hockey World Championships, World Championship Group A (Czechoslovakia), Final Round\nPlayed in Prague. Canada finished first by virtue of a better goal differential, 14 to 10. The Czechoslovaks captured bronze in dramatic fashion, they needed to win against the previously undefeated Canadians in the final game and by enough of a margin to beat out the Americans on tie-breakers. By scoring an empty net goal in the dying moments of the final game the Czechs equaled the Americans on points (6 each), and goal differential (8 each). The final tie-breaker was goal average, in which the Czechs had the advantage 1.57 to 1.53.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 93], "content_span": [94, 634]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077056-0003-0000", "contents": "1959 Ice Hockey World Championships, World Championship Group B (Czechoslovakia)\nThree other nations played a secondary tournament in Plzen. A Czechoslovakia 'B' (junior) team also participated in the tournament. Had their games counted, they would've finished first.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 80], "content_span": [81, 267]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077057-0000-0000", "contents": "1959 Idaho State Bengals football team\nThe 1959 Idaho State Bengals football team was an American football team that represented Idaho State University in the Rocky Mountain Conference (RMC) during the 1959 NCAA College Division football season. In their fourth season under head coach Babe Caccia, the Bengals compiled a 6\u20132 record (4\u20130 against conference opponents), won the RMC championship, and outscored opponents by a total of 160 to 79. The team captains were Paul Tripp and Ray Konczos.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [38, 38], "content_span": [39, 494]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077058-0000-0000", "contents": "1959 Idaho Vandals football team\nThe 1959 Idaho Vandals football team represented the University of Idaho in the 1959 NCAA University Division football season. Led by sixth-year head coach Skip Stahley, the Vandals were an independent in the NCAA's University Division and had a 1\u20139 record. Two home games were played on campus at Neale Stadium in Moscow, with one in Boise at old Bronco Stadium at Boise Junior College.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [32, 32], "content_span": [33, 420]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077058-0001-0000", "contents": "1959 Idaho Vandals football team\nThe Pacific Coast Conference disbanded in the spring, and Idaho was an independent in football for the next six seasons. They played ten games for the first time; the first six were on the road, and two games were played at night (at Arizona and Pacific).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [32, 32], "content_span": [33, 288]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077058-0002-0000", "contents": "1959 Idaho Vandals football team\nThe Vandals suffered a fifth straight loss in the Battle of the Palouse with neighbor Washington State; Idaho led at halftime, but fell 5\u201327 at Rogers Field in Pullman. In the rivalry game with Montana at Neale Stadium, the Vandals narrowly retained the Little Brown Stein in the finale to avoid going winless.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [32, 32], "content_span": [33, 343]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077058-0003-0000", "contents": "1959 Idaho Vandals football team\nAfter this season, Stahley took on the dual role of athletic director in July 1960.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [32, 32], "content_span": [33, 116]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077058-0004-0000", "contents": "1959 Idaho Vandals football team, All-Coast\nNo Vandals made the All-Coast team or the second team. Honorable mention were end Jim Norton and tackle Jim Prestel;both went on to lengthy pro careers.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 43], "content_span": [44, 196]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077058-0005-0000", "contents": "1959 Idaho Vandals football team, NFL Draft\nTwo seniors from the 1959 Vandals were selected in the 1960 NFL Draft:", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 43], "content_span": [44, 114]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077058-0006-0000", "contents": "1959 Idaho Vandals football team, NFL Draft\nOne fifth-year senior was previously selected in the 1959 NFL Draft:", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 43], "content_span": [44, 112]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077059-0000-0000", "contents": "1959 Illinois Fighting Illini football team\nThe 1959 Illinois Fighting Illini football team was an American football team that represented the University of Illinois during the 1959 Big Ten Conference football season. In their 18th year under head coach Ray Eliot, the Illini compiled a 5\u20133\u20131 record and finished in a tie for third place in the Big Ten Conference. After the season, guard Bill Burrell was selected as the team's most valuable player and also received the Chicago Tribune Silver Football trophy as the Big Ten's most valuable player.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 43], "section_span": [43, 43], "content_span": [44, 549]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077060-0000-0000", "contents": "1959 Indian Rajya Sabha elections\nRajya Sabha elections were held on various dates in 1959, to elect members of the Rajya Sabha, Indian Parliament's upper chamber.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [33, 33], "content_span": [34, 163]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077060-0001-0000", "contents": "1959 Indian Rajya Sabha elections\nThe following bye elections were held in the year 1959:", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [33, 33], "content_span": [34, 89]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077061-0000-0000", "contents": "1959 Indiana Hoosiers football team\nThe 1959 Indiana Hoosiers football team represented the Indiana Hoosiers in the 1959 Big Ten Conference football season. They participated as members of the Big Ten Conference. The Hoosiers played their home games at Memorial Stadium in Bloomington, Indiana. The team was coached by Phil Dickens, in his second year as head coach of the Hoosiers.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [35, 35], "content_span": [36, 382]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077062-0000-0000", "contents": "1959 Indianapolis 500\nThe 43rd International 500-Mile Sweepstakes was held at the Indianapolis Motor Speedway on Saturday, May 30, 1959. The event was part of the 1959 USAC National Championship Trail and was also race 2 of 9 in the 1959 World Championship of Drivers.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [21, 21], "content_span": [22, 268]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077062-0001-0000", "contents": "1959 Indianapolis 500\nRodger Ward earned the first of two career Indy 500 victories. A record sixteen cars completed the full 500 miles.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [21, 21], "content_span": [22, 136]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077062-0002-0000", "contents": "1959 Indianapolis 500\nAll cars were required to have roll bars for the first time.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [21, 21], "content_span": [22, 82]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077062-0003-0000", "contents": "1959 Indianapolis 500, Practice and time trials\nTwo drivers, Jerry Unser and Bob Cortner, were killed in separate crashes during the month. On May 2, Unser lost control in Turn Four, spun, and flipped down the main stretch. The car caught fire and Unser suffered significant burns; he died from complications of his burns on May 17. On May 19, rookie Cortner crashed in turn three after being pushed by a wind gust. He was killed instantly of head injuries.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [23, 47], "content_span": [48, 457]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077062-0004-0000", "contents": "1959 Indianapolis 500, Practice and time trials\nOn the morning of pole day, Tony Bettenhausen suffered a bad crash during a practice run. His car hit the outside wall and flipped over the inside guardrail. Bettenhausen escaped the crash with only minor injuries, and would qualify on the second weekend of time trials.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [23, 47], "content_span": [48, 318]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077062-0005-0000", "contents": "1959 Indianapolis 500, Practice and time trials\nAfter three years of retirement, Duane Carter returned to the cockpit, and qualified for his ninth Indianapolis 500 start.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [23, 47], "content_span": [48, 170]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077062-0006-0000", "contents": "1959 Indianapolis 500, Broadcasting, Radio\nThe race was carried live on the IMS Radio Network. Sid Collins served as chief announcer. Fred Agabashian joined the crew for the first time as \"driver expert.\" The broadcast reached 385 affiliates, including Fairbanks, Alaska.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [23, 42], "content_span": [43, 271]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077062-0007-0000", "contents": "1959 Indianapolis 500, Broadcasting, Radio\nTurn 1: Bill FroshTurn 2: John PetersonBackstretch: Bernie HermanTurn 3: Lou PalmerTurn 4: Jim Shelton", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [23, 42], "content_span": [43, 145]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077063-0000-0000", "contents": "1959 Indianapolis mayoral election\nThe Indianapolis mayoral election of 1959 took place on November 3, 1959 and saw the reelection of Charles H. Boswell, who had become mayor eleven months earlier, after Philip L. Bayt resigned to become Marion County Prosecutor. Boswell defeated Republican William T. Sharp.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [34, 34], "content_span": [35, 309]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077063-0001-0000", "contents": "1959 Indianapolis mayoral election, Results\n1959 was a good year for Democrats in Indiana's mayoral elections, with the party winning control of the mayoralties of all of the state's top seven most populous cities. This is a feat that the Democratic Party would not replicate until 2003.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [36, 43], "content_span": [44, 287]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077064-0000-0000", "contents": "1959 Individual Long Track European Championship\nThe 1959 Individual Long Track European Championship was the third edition of the Long Track European Championship. The final was held on 20 August 1959 in Helsinki, Finland.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 48], "section_span": [48, 48], "content_span": [49, 223]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077064-0001-0000", "contents": "1959 Individual Long Track European Championship\nThe  title was won by Josef Hofmeister of West Germany for the second time.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 48], "section_span": [48, 48], "content_span": [49, 124]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077065-0000-0000", "contents": "1959 Individual Speedway World Championship\nThe 1959 Individual Speedway World Championship was the 14th edition of the official World Championship to determine the world champion rider.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 43], "section_span": [43, 43], "content_span": [44, 186]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077065-0001-0000", "contents": "1959 Individual Speedway World Championship\nThe event was sponsored by the Sunday Pictorial. New Zealand continued their recent domination as Ronnie Moore won his second title with a 15 point maximum and New Zealand won their fourth title in six years. Ove Fundin finished second and defending champion Barry Briggs, returning from retirement won the bronze medal ride off.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 43], "section_span": [43, 43], "content_span": [44, 373]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077065-0002-0000", "contents": "1959 Individual Speedway World Championship, Second Round, British & Commonwealth Qualifying\nTop 32 riders based on points accumulated during round would progress", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 43], "section_span": [45, 92], "content_span": [93, 162]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077065-0003-0000", "contents": "1959 Individual Speedway World Championship, Second Round, Continental Final\nm - exclusion for exceeding two minute time allowance \u2022  t - exclusion for touching the tapes \u2022  x - other exclusion \u2022  e - retired or mechanical failure \u2022  f - fell \u2022  ns - non-starter \u2022  nc - non-classify", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 43], "section_span": [45, 76], "content_span": [77, 283]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077065-0004-0000", "contents": "1959 Individual Speedway World Championship, Third Round, British & Commonwealth Semi finals\nTop 9 riders based on points accumulated over two rides would progress", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 43], "section_span": [45, 92], "content_span": [93, 163]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077065-0005-0000", "contents": "1959 Individual Speedway World Championship, Third Round, British & Commonwealth Semi finals\n+ indicates qualifier for World Final (Aub Lawson was the ninth rider to qualify)", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 43], "section_span": [45, 92], "content_span": [93, 174]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077065-0006-0000", "contents": "1959 Individual Speedway World Championship, World Final\nm - exclusion for exceeding two minute time allowance \u2022  t - exclusion for touching the tapes \u2022  x - other exclusion \u2022  e - retired or mechanical failure \u2022  f - fell \u2022  ns - non-starter \u2022  nc - non-classify", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 43], "section_span": [45, 56], "content_span": [57, 263]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077066-0000-0000", "contents": "1959 International Cross Country Championships\nThe 1959 International Cross Country Championships was held in Lisbon, Portugal, at the National Stadium on March 21, 1959. Morocco entered a team for the first time after gaining independence. A report on the event was given in the Glasgow Herald.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 46], "section_span": [46, 46], "content_span": [47, 295]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077066-0001-0000", "contents": "1959 International Cross Country Championships\nComplete results, medallists,  and the results of British athletes were published.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 46], "section_span": [46, 46], "content_span": [47, 129]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077066-0002-0000", "contents": "1959 International Cross Country Championships, Participation\nAn unofficial count yields the participation of 78 athletes from 9 countries.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 46], "section_span": [48, 61], "content_span": [62, 139]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077067-0000-0000", "contents": "1959 International Gold Cup\nThe 6th International Gold Cup was a motor race, run to Formula One rules, held on 26 September 1959 at the Oulton Park Circuit, Cheshire. The race was run over 55 laps of the circuit, and was won by British driver Stirling Moss in a Cooper T51.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [27, 27], "content_span": [28, 273]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077068-0000-0000", "contents": "1959 Iowa Hawkeyes football team\nThe 1959 Iowa Hawkeyes football team represented the University of Iowa in the 1959 Big Ten Conference football season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [32, 32], "content_span": [33, 152]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077069-0000-0000", "contents": "1959 Iowa State Cyclones football team\nThe 1959 Iowa State Cyclones football team represented Iowa State University in the Big Seven Conference during the 1959 NCAA University Division football season. In their second year under head coach Clay Stapleton, the Cyclones compiled a 7\u20133 record (3\u20133 against conference opponents), tied for third place in the conference, and outscored their opponents by a combined total of 248 to 80. They played their home games at Clyde Williams Field in Ames, Iowa. The team became known in the school's history as the \"Dirty Thirty\", named after the number of players left from the original fifty-five but otherwise celebrated for its perseverance and hard-nosed play.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [38, 38], "content_span": [39, 702]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077069-0001-0000", "contents": "1959 Iowa State Cyclones football team\nThe team's regular starting lineup on offense consisted of left end Bob Anderson, left tackle Jerry Schoenfelder, left guard Tom Ferrebee, center Arden Esslinger, right guard Dan Celoni, right tackle Larry Van Der Heyden, right end Don Webb, quarterback Cliff Rick, left halfback Dwight Nichols, right halfback Mike Fitzgerald, and fullback Tom Watkins. Dwight Nichols was the team captain.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [38, 38], "content_span": [39, 429]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077069-0002-0000", "contents": "1959 Iowa State Cyclones football team\nThe team's statistical leaders included Tom Watkins with 843 rushing yards, Dwight Nichols with 609 passing yards, Don Webb with 309 receiving yards, and Dwight Nichols and Tom Watkins with 54 points scored (nine touchdowns) each. Three Iowa State players were selected as first-team all-conference players: Dwight Nichols, Tom Watkins, and Don Webb.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [38, 38], "content_span": [39, 389]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077070-0000-0000", "contents": "1959 Irish Greyhound Derby\nThe 1959 Irish Greyhound Derby took place during July and August with the final being held at Harold's Cross Stadium in Dublin on 7 August 1959.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [26, 26], "content_span": [27, 171]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077070-0001-0000", "contents": "1959 Irish Greyhound Derby\nThe winner Sir Frederick won \u00a3500 and was trained by Tom Harty, owned by Mrs Hannah Cronin and bred by Jimmy Walsh.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [26, 26], "content_span": [27, 142]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077070-0002-0000", "contents": "1959 Irish Greyhound Derby, Competition Report\nSir Frederick had been knocked over in the second round of the 1959 English Greyhound Derby and when he returned home his trainer Tom Harty aimed at the Irish Derby. He was the fastest round one winner in 29.32. One of the leading favourites and track record holder Fauna also impressed by winning in a time of 29.34 and Derrylava Mover recorded 29.45.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [28, 46], "content_span": [47, 399]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077070-0003-0000", "contents": "1959 Irish Greyhound Derby, Competition Report\nIn the second round Fauna was eliminated, finishing fourth behind Gallant Winner in 29.41. Other winners were Sir Frederick (29.60), Winged Heels (29.80) and Recorded Course 30.02. The two undefeated greyhounds Sir Frederick and Gallant Winner (both from Kanturk) were drawn together in the semi-finals and both qualified for the final when Gallant Winner beat Sir Frederick in a fast 29.40; recorded Course took third place and the a slot in the final. The second semi-final resulted in victory for Skipit Laddie from Prairie Chieftain and Snowland Battleship in 29.98.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [28, 46], "content_span": [47, 617]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077070-0004-0000", "contents": "1959 Irish Greyhound Derby, Competition Report\nMany residents of the town of Kanturk attended the final on the evening of 7 August to watch the two greyhounds in the final. The brindle dog Sir Frederick beat Gallant Winner by four lengths in the final after a devastating run along the back straight to catch and overtake Gallant Winner and Snowland Battleship. The time of 29.30 was just outside the track record of 29.31 set by Fauna in the recent Callanan Cup. Winning trainer Tom Harty had trained a previous Irish Derby winner in 1935 (24 years previously).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [28, 46], "content_span": [47, 562]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077071-0000-0000", "contents": "1959 Irish presidential election\nThe 1959 Irish presidential election was held on 17 June 1959. \u00c9amon de Valera, then Taoiseach, was elected as president of Ireland. A referendum proposed by de Valera to replace the electoral system of proportional representation by means of the single transferable vote with first-past-the-post voting which was held on the same day was defeated by 48.2% to 52.8%.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [32, 32], "content_span": [33, 399]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077071-0001-0000", "contents": "1959 Irish presidential election, Nomination process\nUnder Article 12 of the Constitution of Ireland, a candidate for president may be nominated by:", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 52], "content_span": [53, 148]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077071-0002-0000", "contents": "1959 Irish presidential election, Nomination process\nOutgoing president Se\u00e1n T. O'Kelly had served two terms, and was ineligible to serve again. On 27 April, the Minister for Local Government signed the ministerial order opening nominations, with noon on 19 May as the deadline for nominations, and 17 June set as the date for a contest. All Irish citizens on the D\u00e1il electoral register were eligible to vote.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 52], "content_span": [53, 410]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077071-0003-0000", "contents": "1959 Irish presidential election, Nomination process\n\u00c9amon de Valera who had served as President of D\u00e1il \u00c9ireann and President of the Irish Republic from 1919 to 1922 during the Irish revolutionary period, as President of the Executive Council from 1932 to 1937, and as Taoiseach from 1937 to 1948, from 1951 to 1954, and again from 1957 until his election as president, was nominated by Fianna F\u00e1il on 12 May. He had served as Fianna F\u00e1il's leader since its foundation in 1926.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 52], "content_span": [53, 478]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077071-0004-0000", "contents": "1959 Irish presidential election, Nomination process\nSe\u00e1n Mac Eoin, a Fine Gael TD who had been the party's candidate in the 1945 presidential election, was nominated again by the party on 15 May.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 52], "content_span": [53, 196]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077071-0005-0000", "contents": "1959 Irish presidential election, Nomination process\nPatrick McCartan, who had also been a candidate in the 1945 election and had served as a senator for Clann na Poblachta from 1948 to 1951, was nominated by two county councils only, short of the four required for nomination. Eoin O'Mahony also sought and failed to secure a nomination by county councils.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 52], "content_span": [53, 357]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077071-0006-0000", "contents": "1959 Irish presidential election, Nomination process\n\u00c9amon de Valera was inaugurated as president on 25 June.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 52], "content_span": [53, 109]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077072-0000-0000", "contents": "1959 Isle of Man TT\nThe 1959 Isle of Man TT, the second round of the 1959 Grand Prix motorcycle racing season, involved races on both the Mountain Course and the Clypse Course on the Isle of Man. John Surtees won the Senior race with a time of 3:00.13.4, adding to his earlier victory in the Junior race. Tarquinio Provini won both the Lightweight and Ultra-Lightweight categories, while Walter Schneider and H.Strauss won the sidecar event.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [19, 19], "content_span": [20, 441]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077073-0000-0000", "contents": "1959 Israeli legislative election\nLegislative elections were held in Israel on 3 November 1959 to elect the 120 members of the fourth Knesset. Mapai remained the dominant party, gaining seven seats. Following the elections, Mapai leader David Ben-Gurion formed ninth government on 17 December 1959. His coalition included the National Religious Party, Mapam, Ahdut HaAvoda, the Progressive Party and the three Israeli Arab parties, Progress and Development, Cooperation and Brotherhood and Agriculture and Development. The government had 16 ministers. Mapai's Kadish Luz became the Speaker of the Knesset.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [33, 33], "content_span": [34, 605]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077073-0001-0000", "contents": "1959 Israeli legislative election, Aftermath\nThe government collapsed when Ben-Gurion resigned on 31 January 1961, over a motion of no-confidence brought by Herut and the General Zionists in the wake of the Lavon Affair. When  Ben-Gurion was unable to form a new government new elections were called. Serving one year and nine months, the fourth Knesset was the shortest Knesset term until the five-month twenty-first Knesset in 2019.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 44], "content_span": [45, 434]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077074-0000-0000", "contents": "1959 Italian Grand Prix\nThe 1959 Italian Grand Prix was a Formula One motor race held at Monza on 13 September 1959. It was race 8 of 9 in the 1959 World Championship of Drivers and race 7 of 8 in the 1959 International Cup for Formula One Manufacturers. It was the 29th Italian Grand Prix and the 24th to be held at Monza. The race was held over 72 laps of the five kilometre circuit for a total race distance of 414 kilometres.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [23, 23], "content_span": [24, 429]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077074-0001-0000", "contents": "1959 Italian Grand Prix\nThe race was won by British driver Stirling Moss driving a Cooper T51 for the privateer Rob Walker Racing Team. Moss won by 46 seconds over American driver Phil Hill driving a Ferrari Dino 246 for Scuderia Ferrari. Championship points leader Australian Jack Brabham finished third in works entered Cooper T51, expanding his points lead, but not sufficiently to prevent a championship showdown with Moss and Ferrari driver Tony Brooks at the United States Grand Prix.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [23, 23], "content_span": [24, 490]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077074-0002-0000", "contents": "1959 Italian Grand Prix, Race report\nThis race was won on the weight of the cars, with Stirling Moss and team manager Rob Walker gambling on running the whole race without a tyre change in the little lightweight Cooper - although they substituted knock-on wheels for bolt-ons in case a pit stop was necessary. Stirling drove a careful race, relying on the Ferrari crew needing to pit. Tony Brooks made a good start but a piston failure eliminated him on the first lap. Graham Hill and then Dan Gurney led, but lost their advantages through clumsy pit-stop action. Moss continued to win at an average speed of 124\u00a0mph, a track record. Phil Hill was second for Ferrari on their home track, ahead of a Ferrari 4-5-6 in the order Gurney, Cliff Allison and Olivier Gendebien.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 36], "content_span": [37, 770]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077074-0003-0000", "contents": "1959 Italian Grand Prix, Race report\nMoss' win closed the championship gap to only 5\u00bd points behind Jack Brabham with Brooks eight points behind Brabham. The combined efforts of Brabham, Moss, Maurice Trintignant, Bruce McLaren and Masten Gregory secured the constructors championship for the Cooper Car Company.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 36], "content_span": [37, 312]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077075-0000-0000", "contents": "1959 Italian Somaliland parliamentary election\nParliamentary elections were held in the Italian Trust Territory of Somaliland on 8 March 1959. Amidst a boycott by the Somali Independent Constitutional Party and the Greater Somalia League, the result was a victory for the ruling Somali Youth League, which won 83 of the 90 seats in the enlarged Legislative Council, despite the party's number of votes falling from 333,820 to 237,134.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 46], "section_span": [46, 46], "content_span": [47, 434]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077076-0000-0000", "contents": "1959 Italian regional elections\nThe Italian regional elections of 1959 were regional elections held in Aosta Valley and Sicily on 17 May and 7 June. This was the third regional election in Aosta Valley and the fourth in Sicily.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [31, 31], "content_span": [32, 227]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077077-0000-0000", "contents": "1959 Ivorian parliamentary election\nParliamentary elections were held in Ivory Coast on 12 April 1959 as a prelude to independence the next year. The Democratic Party of Ivory Coast \u2013 African Democratic Rally was the only party to contest the election, thereby winning all 100 seats. Voter turnout was 94.7%.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [35, 35], "content_span": [36, 308]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077078-0000-0000", "contents": "1959 Ivy League football season\nThe 1959 Ivy League football season was the fourth season of college football play for the Ivy League and was part of the 1959 NCAA University Division football season. The season began on September 26, 1959, and ended on November 26, 1959. Ivy League teams were 10\u20135 against non-conference opponents and Penn won the conference championship.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [31, 31], "content_span": [32, 374]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077078-0001-0000", "contents": "1959 Ivy League football season, 1960 NFL Draft\nTwo Ivy League players were drafted in the 1960 NFL draft, held in November 1959: Tom Budrewicz and Jack Hanlon.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 47], "content_span": [48, 160]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077079-0000-0000", "contents": "1959 Jamaican general election\nGeneral elections were held in Jamaica on 28 July 1959. The result was a victory for the People's National Party, which won 29 of the 45 seats. Voter turnout was 66.1%.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [30, 30], "content_span": [31, 199]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077080-0000-0000", "contents": "1959 Japan Series\nThe 1959 Japan Series was the Nippon Professional Baseball (NPB) championship series for the 1959 season. It was the tenth Japan Series and featured the Pacific League champions, the Nankai Hawks, against the Central League champions, the Yomiuri Giants.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [17, 17], "content_span": [18, 272]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077080-0001-0000", "contents": "1959 Japan Series, Matchups, Game 1\nSaturday, October 24, 1959 \u2013 1:00 pm at Osaka Stadium in Osaka, Osaka Prefecture", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 35], "content_span": [36, 116]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077080-0002-0000", "contents": "1959 Japan Series, Matchups, Game 2\nSunday, October 25, 1959 \u2013 1:00 pm at Osaka Stadium in Osaka, Osaka Prefecture", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 35], "content_span": [36, 114]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077080-0003-0000", "contents": "1959 Japan Series, Matchups, Game 3\nTuesday, October 27, 1959 \u2013 1:00 pm at Korakuen Stadium in Bunky\u014d, Tokyo", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 35], "content_span": [36, 108]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077080-0004-0000", "contents": "1959 Japan Series, Matchups, Game 4\nThursday, October 29, 1959 \u2013 1:00 pm at Korakuen Stadium in Bunky\u014d, Tokyo", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 35], "content_span": [36, 109]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077081-0000-0000", "contents": "1959 Japanese House of Councillors election\nHouse of Councillors elections were held in Japan on 2 June 1959, electing half the seats in the House. The Liberal Democratic Party won the most seats.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 43], "section_span": [43, 43], "content_span": [44, 196]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077083-0000-0000", "contents": "1959 Junior Springboks tour of South America\nThe 1959 Junior Springboks tour in Argentina was a series of rugby union matches played in Argentina, in Buenos Aires and Rosario in 1959.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [44, 44], "content_span": [45, 183]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077083-0001-0000", "contents": "1959 Junior Springboks tour of South America\nIt was the second tour of the second level South African team, the Junior Springboks in Argentina after the tour 1932 .", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [44, 44], "content_span": [45, 164]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077083-0002-0000", "contents": "1959 Junior Springboks tour of South America, Results\nLegend: ADF= Asociaci\u00f3n Deportiva Francesa , BAC= Belgrano Athletic Club, BCR=Buenos Aires Cricket & Rugby Club, CASI= Club Atletico san Isidro, CUBA= CUBA, CP=Club Pucar\u00e1, CUR= Curupayt\u00ed , MDP = Mar del Plata RC, OG= Old Georgian, ORC=Olivos Rugby Club, OS=Obras Sanitarias, PUY=Club Pueyrred\u00f3n, SIC=San Isidro Club", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [46, 53], "content_span": [54, 370]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077083-0003-0000", "contents": "1959 Junior Springboks tour of South America, Results\nC.A.San Isidro: J.Lassalle; M.Castex, E.Olivera, J.Lavayen, H.Broggi; M.Molina Berro, E.Gonz\u00e1lez del Solar; G.Wessek, F.Varela, G.Montes de Oca; A.Monticelli, L.Varela; M.Iraola (capt. ), A.Iraola, F.Berro. Junior Springboks: C.Meyer; J.Engelbrecht; C.Holtzhausen, M.Bridger, O.Taylor; S.Wentzel, M.Smith; D.Hopwood, H.Meyer, W.van Rensburg; P.Allen (capt. ), P.Van Zyl; D.Holton, J.Wessels, C.Edwards.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [46, 53], "content_span": [54, 456]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077083-0004-0000", "contents": "1959 Junior Springboks tour of South America, Results\nBuenos Aires Cricket & Rugby Club: R.Raimundez (capt. ); E.Macadam, A.Macadam, I.Mac Lennan, C.Raimundez; C.Conteponi, R.Brown, S.Hogg, M.Azpiroz, R.Macadam; R.Hogg, J.Gerlach; R.Rumboll, H.Vidou, J.Wall. Junior Springboks: C.Meyer; J.Engelbrecht, R.Twigge, G.Bridger, J.Gainsford; D.Stewart, F.Gericke; J.Nel, D.Hopwood, J.Bezuidenbout; F.De Jager, P.\u00c1llen (capt. ); S.Kuhn, J.Wessels, D.Putter.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [46, 53], "content_span": [54, 450]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077083-0005-0000", "contents": "1959 Junior Springboks tour of South America, Results\nOlivos R.C. : H.Rosenblat; R.Faldutti, R.Gil, L.Brisigheli, H.Houssay; A.Salinas, E.Holmgreen; A.Moreno, R.Scalabrini Ortiz, R.Cseh; C.Bronsted, M.Bertolini; C.Bello, H.Lambruschini, A.Pascual. Junior Springboks: G.Wentzel; R.Twigge, F.Roux, C.Holzhausen, O.Taylor; D.Stewart M.Smith; J.Nel, H.Meyer, W.van Rensburg; P.Van Zyl, F.de Jager; S.Kuhn, C.Edwards, D.Holton.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [46, 53], "content_span": [54, 422]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077083-0006-0000", "contents": "1959 Junior Springboks tour of South America, Results\nC.U.B.A. :  C.Aldao; R.Elicagaray, J.Peters, C.Blaksley, P.Peralta Ramos; H.Videla, V.Mayo; C.\u00c1lvarez, R.Limpenny; J.Saravia; W.Bunge, J.Bortagaray (capt. ); E.Gavi\u00f1a, J.Etchepareborda, F.\u00c1lvarez. Junior Springboks: C.Meyer; J.Engelbrecht, J.Gainsford, N.Bridger, O.Taylor; G.Wentzel, F.Gericke; D.Hopwood, H.Meyer, J.Bezuidenhout; P.Allen (capt. ), P.Van Zyl; D.Putter, J.Wessels, D.Holton.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [46, 53], "content_span": [54, 445]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077083-0007-0000", "contents": "1959 Junior Springboks tour of South America, Results\nBelgrano A.C.:  M.Villamil; W.Guzm\u00e1n, R.Mc. Crea Steele, A.Forrester, C.Lennon; R.Bazan, J.Forrester; B.Pearson, R.Churcholl Browne, D.Ghinson; V.Camardon, C.Hirsch, E.Verardo, G.Schon, P.Mc.Cormick. Junior Springboks: G.Wentzel; F.Roux, C.Holzhausen, N.Bridger, O.Taylor; D.Stewart, C.Smith; J.Nel, H.Meyer, W van Rensburg; F.De Jager, P.van Zyl; S.Kuhn, J.Wessels; C.Edwards.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [46, 53], "content_span": [54, 431]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077083-0008-0000", "contents": "1959 Junior Springboks tour of South America, Results\nProvincia: J.Olazabal (OG); O.Bernacchi (CUR), L.Trotta (CP), J.Guidi (ADF), E.Bianchetti (ADF); A.Salinas (ORC), E.HoImgreen (capt. -ORC); J.Pulido (ADF), F.Varela (CASI); A.Moreno (ORC; B.Ota\u00f1o (CP), A.Monticelli (CASI); R.Schmidt (CP); J.Casanegra(SIC), J.Lucas (OG). Junior Springboks: C.Meyer; J.Engelbrecht, J.Wentzel.N.Bridger, O.Taylor; D.Stewart, F.Gericke; J.Nel, D.Hopwood, W.van Rensburg; P.Allen (capt. ); P.van Zyl; S.Kuhn, J.Wessels, D.Putter.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [46, 53], "content_span": [54, 512]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077083-0009-0000", "contents": "1959 Junior Springboks tour of South America, Results\nPueyrred\u00f3n: H.De Carolis; C.Aguilar, E.Karplus, E.Le Poole, C.Giuliano; A.Guastella, C.Valentini; L.Sutton, L.Migelson, G.Morris; J.Trebotich, E.Shearer; S.Pini, R.de Marco, R.Seminario. Junior Springboks: J.Wentzel; R.Twigge J.Gainsford, C.Holtzhausen, F.Roux; D.Stewart, M.Smith; H.Meyer, D.Hopwood, J.Bezuidenhout; F.de Jager, P.Allen (capt. ); D.Holton, C.Edwards, S.Kuhn.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [46, 53], "content_span": [54, 430]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077083-0010-0000", "contents": "1959 Junior Springboks tour of South America, Results\nArgentina: R.Raimundez (BCR); E.Bianchetti (ADF), E.Karplus (PUY), L.Mendez (O.Sanitarias), C.Giuliano (PUY); A.Guastella (PUY), E.Holmgreen (ORC); S.Hogg (BCR), M.Aspiroz (capt. )-(BCR); C.\u00c1lvarez (CUBA); E.Olivera (MDP), R.Hogg (BCR); E.Verardo (BAC), J.Casanegra (San Isidro Club), E.Gavi\u00f1a (CUBA). Junior Springboks: H.Meyer; J.Engelbrecht, N.Bridger, G.Wentzel, O.Taylor; D.Stewart, F.Gericke; J.Nel, H.Meyer, W.van Rensburg; P.Allen (capt. ); P.van Zyl; S.Kuhn, J.Wessels, D.Holton.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [46, 53], "content_span": [54, 542]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077083-0011-0000", "contents": "1959 Junior Springboks tour of South America, Results\nUni\u00f3n de Rugby de Rosario: F.Cavallo; R.Mauro, J.Pellejero, A.Robson, J.Arce; G.Recagno (capt. ), R.Conti; L.Barbagelata; R.Cerfoglio, R.Ponce; D.Arroyo, M.Pavan; J.Madariaga, A.Alderete, R.Alonso. Junior Springboks: C.Meyer; J.Engelbrecht, F.Roux, C.Holtzhausen, R.Twigge; G.Wentzel, M.Smith; H.Meyer; J.Bezuidenhout, P.Allen (capt. ); F.De Jager, J.Nel; D.Putter, C.Edwards, D.Holton.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [46, 53], "content_span": [54, 440]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077083-0012-0000", "contents": "1959 Junior Springboks tour of South America, Results\nCapital: R.Raimundez (BCR); C.Raimundez (BCR), E.Karplus (PUY), L.Mendez (OS), C.Giuliano (PUY); A.Guastella (PUY), V.Mayol (C.U.B.A. ); S.Hogg (BCR); M, Aspir\u00f3z (capt.- BCR), C.\u00c1lvarez (C.U.B.A. ); R.Hogg (BCR), J.Trebotich (PUY); E.Gavi\u00f1a (CUBA), H.Vidou (BCR), E.Verardo (BAC). Junior Springboks: C.Wentzel; J.Engelbrecht, J.Gainsford, W.Bridger, R.Twigge; D.Stewart, F.Gericke; J.Nel, W.van Rensburg, J.Bezuidenhout; P.Allen (capt. ); J.van Zyl; D.Putter, J.Wessels, S.Kuhn.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [46, 53], "content_span": [54, 532]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077083-0013-0000", "contents": "1959 Junior Springboks tour of South America, Results\nAsociaci\u00f3n Deportiva Francesa: J.R\u00edos; J.Tallarico, A.Quindimil, J.Guidi, O.Bernacchi; J.Dell'Acquila, E.Gonz\u00e1lez del Solar; J.Pulido, E.Michelstein, W.Gonz\u00e1lez O'Donnell; R.Khoury, G.Palou; R.Leyendo, B.Mart\u00ednez, O.Cerbello.Junior Springboks: C.Meyer; O.Taylor, J.Gainsford, C.Holtzhausen, F.Roux; D.Stewart, M.Smith; W.van Rensburg, H.Meyer, J.Bezuidenhout; P.van Zyl, P.Allen (capt. ), D.Putte, J.Wessels, D.Holton.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [46, 53], "content_span": [54, 472]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077083-0014-0000", "contents": "1959 Junior Springboks tour of South America, Results\nArgentina: R.Raimundez (BCR); E.Bianchetti (ADF), E.Karplus (PUY), J.Guidi (ADF), C.Giuliano (PUY); A.Guastella (PUY); E.Holmgreen (ORC); R.Hogg (BCR), C.\u00c1lvarez (CUBA), M.Aspiroz (capt. - BCR), S.Hogg (BCR); C.Olivera (MDP); E.Verardo (bac), J.Casanegra (sic), E.Gavi\u00f1a (CUBA). Junior Springboks: G.Wentzel; J.Engelbrecht, J.Gainsford, N.Bridger, R.Twigge; D.Stewart, F.Gericke; J.Nel, D.Hopwood, J.Bezuidenhout; P.Allen (capt. ), P.van Zyl; S.Kuhn, J.Wessels, D.Putter.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [46, 53], "content_span": [54, 525]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077083-0015-0000", "contents": "1959 Junior Springboks tour of South America, Seve a Side Tournament\nLike in other occasions, a \"Seve a Side \" tournament was arranged. Two South African team (\"A\" and \"B\") were arranged. They came easily in the final, with the \"B\" team victory.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [46, 68], "content_span": [69, 245]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077083-0016-0000", "contents": "1959 Junior Springboks tour of South America, Final match\nAt the end of the tour, a match with mixed team were arranged. The exhibition match was played before the final of Argentinian championship (directed by South African referee Ackermann).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [46, 57], "content_span": [58, 244]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077083-0017-0000", "contents": "1959 Junior Springboks tour of South America, Final match\nRojos G. Wentzel,  F. Roux,  A. Forrester (Belgrano),  J. Gainsford,  M. Daireaux (SIC),  G. Gibelli (Club Newman),  C. Smith,  J. Saravia (C.U.B.A. ), H. Meyer, J. Vibart (Old Philomathian),  P. Allen,  R. Logan (Pueyrred\u00f3n),  D. Holton,  H. Lambruschini (ORC),  D. Putter Blancos: R. Devoto (SIC), H. Houssay (ORC),  C.Holtzhausen, J. Campos (San Fernando), O. Taylor,  D. Stewart, J. Forrester (BAC),  R. Pla C\u00e1rdenas (SIC),  D. Hopwood, H. Fernie (Old Philomathian), C. Hirsch(BAC), P. Van Zyl, S. Kuhn, S. Alonso (Gimnasia y Esgrima), C. Edwards.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [46, 57], "content_span": [58, 609]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077084-0000-0000", "contents": "1959 Kamchatka earthquake\nThe 1959 Kamchatka earthquake occurred on May 4 at 19:15 local time with a moment magnitude of 8.0, and a surface wave magnitude of 8.2. The epicenter was near the Kamchatka Peninsula, Russian SFSR, USSR. Building damage was reported in Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky. The maximum intensity was VIII (Damaging) on the Medvedev\u2013Sponheuer\u2013Karnik scale. The intensity in Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky was about VIII MSK.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [25, 25], "content_span": [26, 432]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077084-0001-0000", "contents": "1959 Kamchatka earthquake\nThe earthquake triggered a tsunami with .2 meters (7.9\u00a0in) of runup that was recorded in Massacre Bay, Alaska, in the United States. Subduction is active along about the southern half of the eastern coast of Kamchatka Peninsula, between its junctions with the Aleutian Islands and the Kuril Islands.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [25, 25], "content_span": [26, 325]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077085-0000-0000", "contents": "1959 Kansas City Athletics season\nThe 1959 Kansas City Athletics season was the fifth for the franchise in Kansas City, and its 59th overall. It involved the A's finishing 7th in the American League with a record of 66 wins and 88 losses, 28 games behind the AL Champion Chicago White Sox.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [33, 33], "content_span": [34, 289]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077085-0001-0000", "contents": "1959 Kansas City Athletics season, Player stats, Batting, Starters by position\nNote: Pos = Position; G = Games played; AB = At bats; R = Runs scored; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 78], "content_span": [79, 220]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077085-0002-0000", "contents": "1959 Kansas City Athletics season, Player stats, Batting, Other batters\nNote: G = Games played; AB = At bats; R = Runs scored; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 71], "content_span": [72, 197]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077085-0003-0000", "contents": "1959 Kansas City Athletics season, Player stats, Pitching, Starting pitchers\nNote: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 76], "content_span": [77, 187]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077085-0004-0000", "contents": "1959 Kansas City Athletics season, Player stats, Pitching, Other pitchers\nNote: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 73], "content_span": [74, 184]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077085-0005-0000", "contents": "1959 Kansas City Athletics season, Player stats, Pitching, Relief pitchers\nNote: G = Games pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; SV = Saves; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 74], "content_span": [75, 175]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077086-0000-0000", "contents": "1959 Kansas Jayhawks football team\nThe 1959 Kansas Jayhawks football team represented the University of Kansas in the Big Seven Conference during the 1959 NCAA University Division football season. In their second season under head coach Jack Mitchell, the Jayhawks compiled a 5\u20135 record (3\u20133 against conference opponents), tied for third in the Big Seven Conference, and outscored all opponents by a combined total of 163 to 134. They played their home games at Memorial Stadium in Lawrence, Kansas.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [34, 34], "content_span": [35, 499]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077086-0001-0000", "contents": "1959 Kansas Jayhawks football team\nThe team's statistical leaders included Curtis McClinton with 472 rushing yards, John Hadl with 126 receiving yards and Leland Flachsbarth with 345 passing yards. John Peppercorn and Ken Fitch were the team captains.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [34, 34], "content_span": [35, 251]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077086-0002-0000", "contents": "1959 Kansas Jayhawks football team\nThe Jayhawks Week 2 game against the eventual National Champion Syracuse was featured in the 2008 film The Express: The Ernie Davis Story.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [34, 34], "content_span": [35, 173]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077087-0000-0000", "contents": "1959 Kansas State Wildcats football team\nThe 1959 Kansas State Wildcats football team represented Kansas State University in the 1959 NCAA University Division football season. The team's head football coach was Bus Mertes, in his last year at K-State. The Wildcats played their home games in Memorial Stadium. 1959 saw the Wildcats finish with a record of 2\u20138, and a 1\u20135 record in Big Seven Conference play. The Wildcats scored only 58 points while giving up 232. The finished seventh in the Big Seven.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [40, 40], "content_span": [41, 502]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077088-0000-0000", "contents": "1959 Kent State Golden Flashes football team\nThe 1959 Kent State Golden Flashes football team was an American football team that represented Kent State University  in the Mid-American Conference (MAC) during the 1959 NCAA University Division football season. In their 14th season under head coach Trevor J. Rees, the Golden Flashes compiled a 5\u20133 record (3\u20133 against MAC opponents), finished in fourth place in the MAC, and outscored all opponents by a combined total of 144 to 124.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [44, 44], "content_span": [45, 482]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077088-0001-0000", "contents": "1959 Kent State Golden Flashes football team\nThe team's statistical leaders included John Martin with 391 rushing yards, Dick Mostardo with 164 passing yards, and Lou Perry with 141 receiving yards.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [44, 44], "content_span": [45, 198]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077089-0000-0000", "contents": "1959 Kentucky Derby\nThe 1959 Kentucky Derby was the 85th running of the Kentucky Derby. The race took place on May 2, 1959.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [19, 19], "content_span": [20, 123]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077089-0001-0000", "contents": "1959 Kentucky Derby, Further reading\nThis article related to the Kentucky Derby is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by .", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [21, 36], "content_span": [37, 118]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077090-0000-0000", "contents": "1959 Kentucky Wildcats football team\nThe 1959 Kentucky Wildcats football team were an American football team that represented the University of Kentucky as a member of the Southeastern Conference during the 1959 NCAA University Division football season. In their sixth season under head coach Blanton Collier, the team compiled a 4\u20136 record (1\u20136 in the SEC).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [36, 36], "content_span": [37, 358]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077091-0000-0000", "contents": "1959 Kentucky gubernatorial election\nThe 1959 Kentucky gubernatorial election was held on November 3, 1959. Democratic nominee Bert Combs defeated Republican nominee John M. Robsion Jr. with 60.56% of the vote.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [36, 36], "content_span": [37, 210]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077092-0000-0000", "contents": "1959 Kilkenny Senior Hurling Championship\nThe 1959 Kilkenny Senior Hurling Championship was the 65th staging of the Kilkenny Senior Hurling Championship since its establishment by the Kilkenny County Board.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 41], "section_span": [41, 41], "content_span": [42, 206]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077092-0001-0000", "contents": "1959 Kilkenny Senior Hurling Championship\nOn 29 November 1959, Bennettsbridge won the championship after a 4-06 to 1-04 defeat of Erin's Own in the final. It was their sixth championship title overall and their first title in three championship seasons.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 41], "section_span": [41, 41], "content_span": [42, 253]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077093-0000-0000", "contents": "1959 King George VI and Queen Elizabeth Stakes\nThe 1959 King George VI and Queen Elizabeth Stakes was a horse race held at Ascot Racecourse on Saturday 18 July 1959. It was the 9th running of the King George VI and Queen Elizabeth Stakes.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 46], "section_span": [46, 46], "content_span": [47, 238]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077093-0001-0000", "contents": "1959 King George VI and Queen Elizabeth Stakes, The contenders\nThe race attracted a field of eleven runners, four trained in the United Kingdom, five in France, one in Ireland and one in Germany. The favourite was the Cecil Boyd-Rochfort-trained Alcide, a four-year-old colt owned by Sir Humphrey de Trafford who had been a hot favourite for the previous year\u2019s Epsom Derby, but could not run in that race because he was most likely \u2018got at\u2019 and had received a savage blow in his box, which had broken one of his ribs. The Irish challenger was Gladness.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 46], "section_span": [48, 62], "content_span": [63, 553]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077093-0001-0001", "contents": "1959 King George VI and Queen Elizabeth Stakes, The contenders\nFrance was represented by Balbo, Al Mabsoot, Chief (owned by Prince Aly Khan), Ascot Gold Cup-winner Wallaby II (who in that race had beaten Alcide by a 'short head' into 2nd place 30 days ago) and Amourrou. The German challenger was the five-year-old Orsini, winner of the Deutsches Derby. Orsini's 5th place would be the best performance of a German-trained horse in the race until Danedream's success in 2012. Apart from Alcide, the best of the British-trained runners appeared to be the Epsom Oaks second Cantelo. The other runners were Pindari, owned by H. M. The Queen, and the filly Mirnaya.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 46], "section_span": [48, 62], "content_span": [63, 661]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077093-0002-0000", "contents": "1959 King George VI and Queen Elizabeth Stakes, The race\nAlcide was last into the straight, but, admirably ridden by William (\u2018Harry\u2019) Carr, won comfortably.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 46], "section_span": [48, 56], "content_span": [57, 157]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077093-0003-0000", "contents": "1959 King George VI and Queen Elizabeth Stakes, Full result\n* Abbreviations: nse = nose; nk = neck; shd = head; hd = head; dist = distance; UR = unseated rider", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 46], "section_span": [48, 59], "content_span": [60, 159]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077094-0000-0000", "contents": "1959 LPGA Championship\nThe 1959 LPGA Championship was the fifth LPGA Championship, held July 2\u20136 at Sheraton Hotel Country Club in French Lick, Indiana.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [22, 22], "content_span": [23, 152]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077094-0001-0000", "contents": "1959 LPGA Championship\nBetsy Rawls won the first of her two LPGA Championships, one stroke ahead of Patty Berg. The final round on Sunday was delayed to Monday due to heavy rain and unplayable greens. Defending champion Mickey Wright finished nine strokes back in eighth place. It was the fourth of eight major titles for Rawls.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [22, 22], "content_span": [23, 328]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077094-0002-0000", "contents": "1959 LPGA Championship\nThe course was designed by Donald Ross; it opened in 1917 and was originally known as the \"Hill Course.\" It hosted the PGA Championship in 1924, the second of five won by Walter Hagen and the first of four consecutive. It is now named the \"Donald Ross Course.\" The LPGA Championship returned to the course the following year in 1960.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [22, 22], "content_span": [23, 356]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077095-0000-0000", "contents": "1959 LPGA Tour\nThe 1959 LPGA Tour was the 10th season since the LPGA Tour officially began in 1950. The season ran from January 11 to September 26. The season consisted of 29 official money events. Betsy Rawls won the most tournaments, 10. She also led the money list with earnings of $26,774.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [14, 14], "content_span": [15, 293]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077095-0001-0000", "contents": "1959 LPGA Tour\nThere was only one first-time winner in 1959, Ruth Jessen.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [14, 14], "content_span": [15, 73]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077095-0002-0000", "contents": "1959 LPGA Tour, Tournament results\nThe following table shows all the official money events for the 1959 season. \"Date\" is the ending date of the tournament. The numbers in parentheses after the winners' names are the number of wins they had on the tour up to and including that event. Majors are shown in bold.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [16, 34], "content_span": [35, 310]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077096-0000-0000", "contents": "1959 LSU Tigers football team\nThe 1959 LSU Tigers football team represented Louisiana State University in the 1959 NCAA University Division football season. The Tigers were coached by Paul Dietzel and were the defending national champions.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [29, 29], "content_span": [30, 239]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077096-0001-0000", "contents": "1959 LSU Tigers football team, Pre-season\nThe Tigers were a near unanimous pre-season favorite to repeat as national champions in 1959. Most of the players from the national championship team of 1958 were returning, including the All-American halfback Billy Cannon, who had come in third in the 1958 Heisman balloting.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 41], "content_span": [42, 318]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077096-0002-0000", "contents": "1959 LSU Tigers football team, Season\nLSU had no real trouble in winning its first 6 games in 1959, though its offense was not as potent as 1958's. Its defense made up for it by being even stingier, allowing only 6 points in 6 games. In the 7th game of the season LSU faced its sternest test\u2014undefeated Ole Miss on Halloween in Tiger Stadium. That game between No. 1 LSU and No. 3 Ole Miss was touted as 1959's \"Game of the Year.\"", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 37], "content_span": [38, 430]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077096-0002-0001", "contents": "1959 LSU Tigers football team, Season\nOle Miss held a 3\u20130 lead until the 4th quarter, often punting on first down due to the very wet conditions on the field. With about 10 minutes left in the game, Ole Miss punted and Billy Cannon took the punt at the LSU 11. Cannon charted a course along the Ole Miss sidelines, weaving between Rebel defenders, eluding tacklers, and racing towards the goal line for an 89 yard punt return touchdown. Ole Miss then started a determined drive and marched down to the two yard line where it was 4th and goal with 18 seconds left.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 37], "content_span": [38, 563]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077096-0002-0002", "contents": "1959 LSU Tigers football team, Season\nOle Miss quarterback Doug Elmore was stopped at the one by Cannon and his teammates to ensure the 7\u20133 victory. However, the next week, LSU lost its next SEC game against Tennessee at Knoxville, 14\u201313, when Cannon's attempt at a 2 pt conversion failed. The loss not only cost LSU a shot as repeating as national champion, it also denied them the SEC championship, which went to the Georgia Bulldogs, and ended a 19 game win streak\u2014the longest in school history\u2014that started in the last game of 1957. The Tigers defeated Mississippi State and Tulane to finish the season 9-1, and they were ranked No. 3 in the nation behind No. 1 Syracuse and No. 2 Ole Miss.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 37], "content_span": [38, 694]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077096-0003-0000", "contents": "1959 LSU Tigers football team, Season\nIn the meantime Billy Cannon won the Heisman Trophy by one of the widest margins in the history of the trophy balloting at the time. The Tigers were invited to play in the Sugar Bowl, and their opponent was Ole Miss, in a rematch. At first Paul Dietzel, LSU's coach, was not anxious to replay the Rebels, but he was persuaded to do so by the athletic director, Jim Corbett. By the time January 1 came, three LSU star players were injured, including quarterback Warren Rabb, and halfbacks Wendell Harris and Johnny Robinson. The Tigers were soundly beaten by the Rebels, 21\u20130, and were outgained 373-74.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 37], "content_span": [38, 640]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077096-0004-0000", "contents": "1959 LSU Tigers football team, Season\nFollowing the Sugar Bowl, Cannon signed a professional contract with the Houston Oilers of the American Football League, which was scheduled to begin play in September 1960, spurning  an offer from the National Football League's Los Angeles Rams.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 37], "content_span": [38, 284]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077097-0000-0000", "contents": "1959 La Fl\u00e8che Wallonne\nThe 1959 La Fl\u00e8che Wallonne was the 23rd edition of La Fl\u00e8che Wallonne cycle race and was held on 25 April 1959. The race started in Charleroi and finished in Li\u00e8ge. The race was won by Jos Hoevenaers.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [23, 23], "content_span": [24, 225]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077098-0000-0000", "contents": "1959 Labour Party Shadow Cabinet election\nElections to the Labour Party's Shadow Cabinet (more formally, its \"Parliamentary Committee\") occurred in November 1959. In addition to the 12 members elected, the Leader (Hugh Gaitskell), Deputy Leader (Aneurin Bevan), Labour Chief Whip (Herbert Bowden), Labour Leader in the House of Lords (A. V. Alexander), and Labour Chief Whip in the House of Lords (Lord Faringdon)  were automatically members.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 41], "section_span": [41, 41], "content_span": [42, 442]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077099-0000-0000", "contents": "1959 Labour Party deputy leadership election\nThe 1959 Labour Party deputy leadership election took place on 4 May 1959, after sitting deputy leader Jim Griffiths retired.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [44, 44], "content_span": [45, 170]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077099-0001-0000", "contents": "1959 Labour Party deputy leadership election, Sources\nThis United Kingdom election-related article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by .", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [46, 53], "content_span": [54, 137]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077100-0000-0000", "contents": "1959 Lady Wigram Trophy\nThe 1959 Lady Wigram Trophy was a motor race held at the Wigram Airfield Circuit on 24 January 1959. It was the eighth Lady Wigram Trophy to be held and was won by Ron Flockhart in the BRM P25.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [23, 23], "content_span": [24, 217]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077101-0000-0000", "contents": "1959 Lafayette Leopards football team\nThe 1959 Lafayette Leopards football team was an American football team that represented Lafayette College during the 1959 NCAA College Division football season. Lafayette finished third in the Middle Atlantic Conference, University Division, and second in the Middle Three Conference.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [37, 37], "content_span": [38, 323]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077101-0001-0000", "contents": "1959 Lafayette Leopards football team\nIn their second year under head coach James McConlogue, the Leopards compiled a 5\u20134 record. Donald Nikles was the team captain.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [37, 37], "content_span": [38, 165]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077101-0002-0000", "contents": "1959 Lafayette Leopards football team\nIn conference play, Lafayette had the second-most wins in the University Division, with a 4\u20133 record against conference opponents, but placed behind Gettysburg's 3\u20132 in win percentage. The Leopards went 1\u20131 against the Middle Three, losing to Rutgers and beating Lehigh.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [37, 37], "content_span": [38, 308]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077101-0003-0000", "contents": "1959 Lafayette Leopards football team\nLafayette played its home games at Fisher Field on College Hill in Easton, Pennsylvania.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [37, 37], "content_span": [38, 126]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077102-0000-0000", "contents": "1959 Lamar Tech Cardinals football team\nThe 1959 Lamar Tech Cardinals football team competed at the NCAA College Division level as a member of the Lone Star Conference. The Cardinals finished the season with an 8\u20133 record overall and a 4\u20133 conference record.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [39, 39], "content_span": [40, 258]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077103-0000-0000", "contents": "1959 Latvian SSR Higher League\nThis is the current revision of this page, as edited by Frietjes (talk | contribs) at 16:20, 17 February 2020. The present address (URL) is a permanent link to this version.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [30, 30], "content_span": [31, 204]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077103-0001-0000", "contents": "1959 Latvian SSR Higher League, Overview\nIt was contested by 10 teams, and RER won the championship.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 40], "content_span": [41, 100]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077104-0000-0000", "contents": "1959 Leeds City Council election\nThe Leeds municipal elections were held on Thursday 7 May 1959, with one third of the seats and extra vacancies in East Hunslet and Stanningley up for election.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [32, 32], "content_span": [33, 193]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077104-0001-0000", "contents": "1959 Leeds City Council election\nMirroring their national recovery, the Conservatives achieved a 3% swing to win the popular vote and make the only gain of the night in the marginal Wortley. The Liberals fielded their greatest number of candidates since 1951, and as such received their highest vote since then. Turnout fell by just under a percentage point from the year before to 36.3%.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [32, 32], "content_span": [33, 388]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077104-0002-0000", "contents": "1959 Leeds City Council election, Election result\nThe result had the following consequences for the total number of seats on the council after the elections:", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 49], "content_span": [50, 157]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077105-0000-0000", "contents": "1959 Lehigh Engineers football team\nThe 1959 Lehigh Engineers football team was an American football team that represented Lehigh University during the 1959 NCAA College Division football season. Lehigh finished sixth in the Middle Atlantic Conference, University Division, and last in the Middle Three Conference.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [35, 35], "content_span": [36, 314]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077105-0001-0000", "contents": "1959 Lehigh Engineers football team\nIn their 14th year under head coach William Leckonby, the Engineers compiled a 4\u20135 record. Edward Murphy and Alfred Richmond were the team captains.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [35, 35], "content_span": [36, 184]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077105-0002-0000", "contents": "1959 Lehigh Engineers football team\nIn conference play, Lehigh missed fourth place in the University Division by half a game, with a record of 2\u20133 against conference opponents, compared to Bucknell's 3\u20133 and Rutgers' 2\u20132. The Engineers went 0\u20132 against the Middle Three, losing to both Rutgers and Lafayette.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [35, 35], "content_span": [36, 308]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077105-0003-0000", "contents": "1959 Lehigh Engineers football team\nLehigh played its home games at Taylor Stadium on the university campus in Bethlehem, Pennsylvania.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [35, 35], "content_span": [36, 135]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077106-0000-0000", "contents": "1959 Liberian general election\nGeneral elections were held in Liberia in May 1959. In the presidential election, William Tubman of the True Whig Party was re-elected for a fourth term, defeating independent candidate William O. Davies Bright, who won just 55 votes. For the first time, a woman was elected to the Legislature, with Ellen Mills Scarbrough winning a seat in the House of Representatives.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [30, 30], "content_span": [31, 401]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077107-0000-0000", "contents": "1959 Liberty Bowl\nThe 1959 Liberty Bowl, part of the 1959 bowl game season, took place on December 19, 1959, at Philadelphia Municipal Stadium in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. It was the inaugural edition of the Liberty Bowl. The competing teams were the Alabama Crimson Tide, representing the Southeastern Conference (SEC), and the Penn State Nittany Lions, competing as a football independent. In a game dominated by both defenses, Penn State was victorious in by a final score of 7\u20130.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [17, 17], "content_span": [18, 485]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077107-0001-0000", "contents": "1959 Liberty Bowl, Teams, Alabama\nThe 1959 Alabama squad finished the regular season with a 7\u20131\u20132 record and played in a bowl for the first time since the 1954 Cotton Bowl Classic. After Navy turned down an offer, Alabama accepted a bid to play in the inaugural Liberty Bowl on November 30. The game was the first bowl for Bear Bryant as head coach of the Crimson Tide.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 33], "content_span": [34, 369]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077107-0002-0000", "contents": "1959 Liberty Bowl, Teams, Penn State\nAfter starting the season 7\u20130, Penn State dropped two of their final three games to finish the regular season with a record of 8\u20132. The Nittany Lions accepted a bid for the Liberty Bowl on November 23 with the other opponent identified as being either Georgia, Georgia Tech, SMU or Navy. Alabama was selected as the opponent after Navy turned down an offer. The game marked the first bowl for Penn State since the 1948 Cotton Bowl Classic.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 36], "content_span": [37, 476]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077107-0003-0000", "contents": "1959 Liberty Bowl, Game summary\nIn a game dominated by both defenses, the only points were scored at the end of the second quarter by the Nittany Lions on a fake field goal. This lone touchdown was scored by Roger Kochman on a 17-yard reception from Galen Hall with Sam Stellatella adding the extra point.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 31], "content_span": [32, 305]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077108-0000-0000", "contents": "1959 Limerick Senior Hurling Championship\nThe 1959 Limerick Senior Hurling Championship was the 65th staging of the Limerick Senior Hurling Championship since its establishment by the Limerick County Board in 1887.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 41], "section_span": [41, 41], "content_span": [42, 214]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077108-0001-0000", "contents": "1959 Limerick Senior Hurling Championship\nCappamore won the championship after a 2-08 to 0-04 defeat of St. Patrick's in the final. It was their fourth championship title overall and their first title in three years.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 41], "section_span": [41, 41], "content_span": [42, 216]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077109-0000-0000", "contents": "1959 Lismore state by-election\nA by-election was held for the New South Wales Legislative Assembly electorate of Lismore on 12 September 1959 because Justice Sugerman in the Court of Disputed Returns declared that the 1959 Lismore election was void. Electoral officers failed to initial or sign 51 ballot papers, rendering those papers informal. Those electors had been prevented from casting an effective vote and therefore preventing from voting. As Jack Easter's margin at the election was only 2 votes, the errors may have affected the result of the election.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [30, 30], "content_span": [31, 563]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077110-0000-0000", "contents": "1959 Little League World Series\nThe 1959 Little League World Series took place from August 25 through August 29 in Williamsport, Pennsylvania. The Hamtramck National Little League of Hamtramck, Michigan, defeated the West Auburn Little League of Auburn, California, in the championship game of the 13th Little League World Series. Hamtramck became the first team from the United States to win a championship since foreign teams were allowed to participate beginning in 1957. Hamtramck was the only team from Michigan to win the Little League World Series until Taylor North won it in 2021.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [31, 31], "content_span": [32, 589]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077110-0001-0000", "contents": "1959 Little League World Series\nThis was the first year that the LLWS was played at Howard J. Lamade Stadium. Two-time defending champion Monterrey, Mexico, was ruled ineligible to compete due to violations of player residency requirements.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [31, 31], "content_span": [32, 240]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077110-0002-0000", "contents": "1959 Little League World Series, Teams\nThe European qualifier, from Bad Kissingen Airfield in what was then West Germany, was unable to travel to the tournament.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 38], "content_span": [39, 161]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077111-0000-0000", "contents": "1959 Liverpool City Council election\nElections to Liverpool City Council were held on 7 May 1959.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [36, 36], "content_span": [37, 97]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077111-0001-0000", "contents": "1959 Liverpool City Council election, Ward results\nThe Councillors seeking re-election at this election were elected in 1956 for a three-year term, therefore comparisons are made with the 1956 election results.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 50], "content_span": [51, 210]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077112-0000-0000", "contents": "1959 Li\u00e8ge\u2013Bastogne\u2013Li\u00e8ge\nThe 1959 Li\u00e8ge\u2013Bastogne\u2013Li\u00e8ge was the 45th edition of the Li\u00e8ge\u2013Bastogne\u2013Li\u00e8ge cycle race and was held on 26 April 1959. The race started and finished in Li\u00e8ge. The race was won by Fred De Bruyne of the Peugeot team.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [25, 25], "content_span": [26, 242]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077113-0000-0000", "contents": "1959 Long Beach State 49ers football team\nThe 1959 Long Beach State 49ers football team represented Long Beach State College during the 1959 NCAA College Division football season. The 49ers competed in the California Collegiate Athletic Association (CCAA).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 41], "section_span": [41, 41], "content_span": [42, 256]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077113-0001-0000", "contents": "1959 Long Beach State 49ers football team\nThe team was led by head coach Don Reed, in his second year, and played home games at Veterans Stadium adjacent to the campus of Long Beach City College in Long Beach, California. They finished the season with a record of four wins and five losses (4\u20135, 2\u20133 CCAA).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 41], "section_span": [41, 41], "content_span": [42, 306]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077113-0002-0000", "contents": "1959 Long Beach State 49ers football team, Team players in the NFL/AFL\nNo Long Beach State 49ers were selected in either the 1960 NFL Draft or 1960 AFL Draft.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 41], "section_span": [43, 70], "content_span": [71, 158]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077114-0000-0000", "contents": "1959 Los Angeles Dodgers season\nThe 1959 Los Angeles Dodgers finished in a first-place tie with the Milwaukee Braves, with each club going 86\u201368. The Dodgers won the pennant as they swept the Braves in a best-of-three playoff series. They went on to defeat the Chicago White Sox in the 1959 World Series in just their second season since leaving Brooklyn. The Dodgers led all 16 Major League Baseball clubs in home attendance, drawing 2,071,045 fans to Los Angeles Memorial Coliseum.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [31, 31], "content_span": [32, 483]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077114-0001-0000", "contents": "1959 Los Angeles Dodgers season, Offseason\nWhile training in Vero Beach, the Dodgers played their home spring training games at Payne Park in Sarasota, Florida in 1959.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 42], "content_span": [43, 168]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077114-0002-0000", "contents": "1959 Los Angeles Dodgers season, Player stats, Batting, Starters by position\nNote: Pos = Position; G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 76], "content_span": [77, 201]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077114-0003-0000", "contents": "1959 Los Angeles Dodgers season, Player stats, Batting, Other batters\nNote: G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 69], "content_span": [70, 178]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077114-0004-0000", "contents": "1959 Los Angeles Dodgers season, Player stats, Pitching, Starting pitchers\nNote: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 74], "content_span": [75, 185]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077114-0005-0000", "contents": "1959 Los Angeles Dodgers season, Player stats, Pitching, Other pitchers\nNote: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 71], "content_span": [72, 182]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077114-0006-0000", "contents": "1959 Los Angeles Dodgers season, Player stats, Pitching, Relief pitchers\nNote: G = Games pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; SV = Saves; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 72], "content_span": [73, 173]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077114-0007-0000", "contents": "1959 Los Angeles Dodgers season, 1959 World Series, Game 3\nOctober 4, 1959, at Los Angeles Memorial Coliseum in Los Angeles", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 58], "content_span": [59, 123]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077114-0008-0000", "contents": "1959 Los Angeles Dodgers season, 1959 World Series, Game 4\nOctober 5, 1959, at Los Angeles Memorial Coliseum in Los Angeles", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 58], "content_span": [59, 123]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077114-0009-0000", "contents": "1959 Los Angeles Dodgers season, 1959 World Series, Game 5\nOctober 6, 1959, at Los Angeles Memorial Coliseum in Los Angeles", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 58], "content_span": [59, 123]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077115-0000-0000", "contents": "1959 Los Angeles Rams season\nThe 1959 Los Angeles Rams season was the team's 22nd year with the National Football League and the 14th season in Los Angeles.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [28, 28], "content_span": [29, 156]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077115-0001-0000", "contents": "1959 Los Angeles Rams season, Schedule, Standings\nNote: Tie games were not officially counted in the standings until 1972.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 49], "content_span": [50, 122]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077116-0000-0000", "contents": "1959 Los Angeles State Diablos football team\nThe 1959 Los Angeles State Diablos football team represented Los Angeles State during the 1959 NCAA College Division football season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [44, 44], "content_span": [45, 178]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077116-0001-0000", "contents": "1959 Los Angeles State Diablos football team\nLos Angeles State competed in the California Collegiate Athletic Association (CCAA). The team was led by ninth-year head coach Leonard (Bud) Adams, who had been the leader of the team since the school started playing intercollegiate football in 1951. The Diablos played one home game at East L.A. College Stadium Monterey Park, California and three at the Rose Bowl in Pasadena, California. They finished the season with a record of seven wins and three losses (7\u20133, 3\u20132 CCAA).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [44, 44], "content_span": [45, 522]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077116-0002-0000", "contents": "1959 Los Angeles State Diablos football team, Team players in the NFL\nThe following Los Angeles State players were selected in the 1960 NFL Draft.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [46, 69], "content_span": [70, 146]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077117-0000-0000", "contents": "1959 Louisiana Tech Bulldogs football team\nThe 1959 Louisiana Tech Bulldogs football team was an American football team that represented the Louisiana Polytechnic Institute (now known as Louisiana Tech University) as a member of the Gulf States Conference during the 1959 NCAA College Division football season. In their nineteenth year under head coach Joe Aillet, the team compiled a 9\u20131 record and finished as Gulf States Conference champion.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 42], "section_span": [42, 42], "content_span": [43, 444]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077118-0000-0000", "contents": "1959 Louisville Cardinals football team\nThe 1959 Louisville Cardinals football team was an American football team that represented the University of Louisville as an independent during the 1959 NCAA College Division football season. In their 14th season under head coach Frank Camp, the Cardinals compiled a 6\u20134 record.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [39, 39], "content_span": [40, 319]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077118-0001-0000", "contents": "1959 Louisville Cardinals football team\nThe team's statistical leaders included Ernie Green with 510 rushing yards.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [39, 39], "content_span": [40, 115]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077119-0000-0000", "contents": "1959 Luxembourg general election\nGeneral elections were held in Luxembourg on 1 February 1959. The Christian Social People's Party remained the largest party, winning 21 of the 52 seats in the Chamber of Deputies.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [32, 32], "content_span": [33, 213]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077120-0000-0000", "contents": "1959 Mahasu by-election\nOn June 3, 1959 a by-election was held for one of the Mahasu seats in the Lok Sabha (the lower house of the Parliament of India). In the 1957 Indian general election Yashwant Singh Parmar and Nek Ram of the Indian National Congress had been declared the winners of the two Mahasu constituency seats, but subsequently the Election Tribunal had declared the election of Parmer invalid due to 'corrupt practices'.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [23, 23], "content_span": [24, 434]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077120-0001-0000", "contents": "1959 Mahasu by-election\nThere were three candidates in the fray for the by-election; Shivanand Ramaul from the Indian National Congress, Hira Singh Pal from the Praja Socialist Party and Kameshwar Pandit from the Communist Party of India (standing as an independent). Ramaul won the seat with 39,405 votes (50.39%). Pal obtained 31,250 votes (40.39%) and Pandit got 6,712 votes (8.67%).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [23, 23], "content_span": [24, 386]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077121-0000-0000", "contents": "1959 Maine Black Bears football team\nThe 1959 Maine Black Bears football team was an American football team that represented the University of Maine as a member of the Yankee Conference during the 1959 NCAA College Division football season. In its ninth season under head coach Harold Westerman, the team compiled a 3\u20133\u20132 record (1\u20132\u20132 against conference opponents) and finished second out of the six teams in the Yankee Conference championship. The team played its home games at Alumni Field in Orono, Maine. Robert Bragg and John Welch were the team captains.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [36, 36], "content_span": [37, 561]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077123-0000-0000", "contents": "1959 Major League Baseball All-Star Game (first game)\nThe 1959 Major League Baseball All-Star Game was the 26th edition of the midsummer classic between the all-stars of the American League (AL) and National League (NL), the two leagues composing Major League Baseball. The game was played on Tuesday, July 7, at Forbes Field in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, home of the Pittsburgh Pirates of the NL, and was a 5\u20134 victory for the National League. An unprecedented second game was played four weeks later in Los Angeles, California.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 53], "section_span": [53, 53], "content_span": [54, 528]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077123-0001-0000", "contents": "1959 Major League Baseball All-Star Game (first game), Background\nIn a break from tradition, the league scheduled a \"doubleheader\" as part of an effort to boost the players' pension fund. The\u00a0first game was held on Tuesday, July 7, at Forbes Field in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, the home of the Pittsburgh Pirates of the National League. The second game was on Monday, August 3, at the Los Angeles Memorial Coliseum in Los Angeles, California, the home of the Los Angeles Dodgers, also of the\u00a0NL.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 53], "section_span": [55, 65], "content_span": [66, 494]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077123-0002-0000", "contents": "1959 Major League Baseball All-Star Game (first game), Background\nThe first game resulted in a 5\u20134 victory for the\u00a0NL. and the AL won the second game 5\u20133 for a\u00a0split. The experiment of two All-Star Games continued for four seasons; one annual game resumed in 1963.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 53], "section_span": [55, 65], "content_span": [66, 264]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077123-0003-0000", "contents": "1959 Major League Baseball All-Star Game (first game), Rosters\nPlayers in italics have since been inducted into the National Baseball Hall of Fame.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 53], "section_span": [55, 62], "content_span": [63, 147]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077123-0004-0000", "contents": "1959 Major League Baseball All-Star Game (first game), Game\nUmpires: Al Barlick, Home Plate (NL); Ed Runge, First Base (AL); Augie Donatelli, Second Base (NL); Joe Paparella, Third Base (AL); Shag Crawford, Left Field (NL); Johnny Rice, Right Field (AL)", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 53], "section_span": [55, 59], "content_span": [60, 253]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077124-0000-0000", "contents": "1959 Major League Baseball All-Star Game (second game)\nThe second 1959 Major League Baseball All-Star Game was the 27th edition of the midsummer classic between the all-stars of the American League (AL) and National League (NL), the two leagues composing Major League Baseball. It\u00a0was played on Monday, August 3, at the Los Angeles Memorial Coliseum in Los Angeles, California, home of the Los Angeles Dodgers of the NL, and was a 5\u20133 victory for the American League. This was the second of two All-Star Games played in 1959, the first was on Tuesday, July 7, in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, also an NL city.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 54], "section_span": [54, 54], "content_span": [55, 605]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077124-0001-0000", "contents": "1959 Major League Baseball All-Star Game (second game)\nThe first Midsummer Classic held on the West Coast, it was also the first of only two All-Star Games not played in\u00a0July; the\u00a0other was in 1981 followed a lengthy players' strike.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 54], "section_span": [54, 54], "content_span": [55, 233]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077124-0002-0000", "contents": "1959 Major League Baseball All-Star Game (second game), Rosters\nPlayers in italics have since been inducted into the National Baseball Hall of Fame.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 54], "section_span": [56, 63], "content_span": [64, 148]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077124-0003-0000", "contents": "1959 Major League Baseball All-Star Game (second game), Game\nUmpires: Bill Jackowski, Home Plate (NL); Charlie Berry, First Base (AL); Tony Venzon, Second Base (NL); Bill Summers Third Base (AL); Ken Burkhart, Left Field (NL); Hank Soar, Right Field (AL)", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 54], "section_span": [56, 60], "content_span": [61, 254]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077125-0000-0000", "contents": "1959 Major League Baseball season\nThe 1959 Major League Baseball season was played from April 9 to October 9, 1959. It saw the Los Angeles Dodgers, free of the strife produced by their move from Brooklyn the previous season, rebound to win the National League pennant after a two-game playoff against the Milwaukee Braves, who themselves had moved from Boston in 1953. The Dodgers won the World Series against a Chicago White Sox team that had not played in the \"Fall Classic\" since 1919 and was interrupting a Yankees' dynasty that dominated the American League between 1949 and 1964.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [33, 33], "content_span": [34, 585]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077125-0001-0000", "contents": "1959 Major League Baseball season\nThe season is notable as the only one between 1950 and 1981 where no pitcher pitched a no-hitter.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [33, 33], "content_span": [34, 131]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077125-0002-0000", "contents": "1959 Major League Baseball season, Notes\nOther Major League Baseball seasons since 1901 without a no-hitter pitched are 1909, 1913, 1921, 1927\u20131928, 1932\u20131933, 1936, 1939, 1942\u20131943, 1949, 1982, 1985, 1989, 2000 and 2005.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 40], "content_span": [41, 221]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077126-0000-0000", "contents": "1959 Malayan general election\nA general election was held on Wednesday, 19 August 1959 for members of the first Parliament of the Federation of Malaya, the first parliamentary election in Malaya. It was the third national-wide election held in Malaya since the end of World War II. Malaya later formed Malaysia with three other states in 1963. Voting took place in all 104 parliamentary constituencies of Malaya, each electing one Member of Parliament to the Dewan Rakyat, the dominant house of Parliament. Voter turnout was 73.3%.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [29, 29], "content_span": [30, 531]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077126-0001-0000", "contents": "1959 Malayan general election\nIn the election, the Alliance Party \u2013 later Barisan Nasional \u2013 emerged as the victor. The party was a coalition formed by United Malays National Organisation, Malayan Chinese Association and Malayan Indian Congress. The coalition won 74 out of 104 seats in the Dewan Rakyat with only 51.8% of total votes. The opposition as a whole garnered 30 seats with 48.3% of total votes.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [29, 29], "content_span": [30, 406]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077126-0002-0000", "contents": "1959 Malayan general election\nThe 71.1% majority allowed Alliance Party to form a government as sanctioned by the Constitution of Malaya.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [29, 29], "content_span": [30, 137]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077126-0003-0000", "contents": "1959 Malayan general election\nWhen results were announced on the morning of 20 August, only 103 seats were returned as elections in the Kedah Tengah (Central Kedah) constituency was delayed until 30 September. The Alliance proceeded to win this seat with Khir Johari as the winning candidate.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [29, 29], "content_span": [30, 292]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077126-0004-0000", "contents": "1959 Malayan general election\nPrior to the parliamentary election, state elections took place in all 282 state constituencies in 11 states of Malaya from 20 May to 24 June 1959, each electing one Member of the Legislative Assembly to the Dewan Undangan Negeri.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [29, 29], "content_span": [30, 260]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077127-0000-0000", "contents": "1959 Malayan local elections\nLocal elections were held in the Federation of Malaya in 1959.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [28, 28], "content_span": [29, 91]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077128-0000-0000", "contents": "1959 Malayan state elections\nState assembly elections were held in Malaya from 20 May to 24 June 1959. The Alliance Party received over 50% of the vote in every state except Kelantan and Trengganu.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [28, 28], "content_span": [29, 197]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077129-0000-0000", "contents": "1959 Maldivian revolt referendum\nA referendum on taking military action to conquer the breakaway United Suvadive Republic was held in the Maldives in March 1959. The proposal was approved by voters.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [32, 32], "content_span": [33, 198]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077130-0000-0000", "contents": "1959 Manitoba general election\nThe 1959 Manitoba general election was held on May 14, 1959 to elect 57 members to the Legislative Assembly of Manitoba, Canada. It resulted in a majority victory for the incumbent Progressive Conservatives under the leadership of Premier Dufferin Roblin. This was the first time since the 1914 election that the Tories won an outright majority in the province.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [30, 30], "content_span": [31, 392]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077130-0001-0000", "contents": "1959 Manitoba general election\nRoblin's Tories won 36 seats against 11 for the Liberal-Progressives, led by former Premier Douglas Campbell, and 10 for the social democratic Co-operative Commonwealth Federation led by Lloyd Stinson.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [30, 30], "content_span": [31, 232]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077130-0002-0000", "contents": "1959 Manitoba general election\nThe Manitoba Social Credit Party, which won 2 seats in the 1958 election, did not contest any seats during the election and only regained a foothold in the legislature during a subsequent by-election. The communist Labor-Progressive Party contested three ridings but did not win any.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [30, 30], "content_span": [31, 314]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077130-0003-0000", "contents": "1959 Manitoba general election\nThis election is the last one to be fought by candidates with the 'Liberal-Progressive', 'Co-operative Commonwealth' or 'Labor-Progressive' labels in Manitoba. The Liberal-Progressives dropped the latter half in 1961 and ran all subsequent elections as \"Liberals.\" Similarly, the Labor-Progressive candidates returned to the 'Communist' label. The CCF changed its name following the national party's re-incorporation into the New Democratic Party, running all future elections as Manitoba New Democrats.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [30, 30], "content_span": [31, 534]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077131-0000-0000", "contents": "1959 Marquette Warriors football team\nThe 1959 Marquette Warriors football team was an American football team that represented Marquette University as an independent during the 1959 NCAA University Division football season. In its fifth non-consecutive season under head coach Lisle Blackbourn, the team compiled a 3\u20137 record and was outscored by a total of 214 to 172. The team played its home games at Marquette Stadium in Milwaukee.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [37, 37], "content_span": [38, 435]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077132-0000-0000", "contents": "1959 Marshall Thundering Herd football team\nThe 1959 Marshall Thundering Herd football team was an American football team that represented Marshall University in the Mid-American Conference (MAC) during the 1959 NCAA College Division football season. In its first season under head coach Charlie Snyder, the team compiled a 1\u20138 record (1\u20134 against conference opponents), finished in sixth place out of seven teams in the MAC, and was outscored by a total of 343 to 72. Jim Maddox and Jim O'Conner were the team captains. The team played its home games at Fairfield Stadium in Huntington, West Virginia.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 43], "section_span": [43, 43], "content_span": [44, 602]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077133-0000-0000", "contents": "1959 Maryland Terrapins football team\nThe 1959 Maryland Terrapins football team represented the University of Maryland in the 1959 NCAA University Division football season. In their first season under head coach Tom Nugent, the Terrapins compiled a 5\u20135 record (4\u20132 in conference), finished in third place in the Atlantic Coast Conference, and were outscored by their opponents 188 to 184. The team's statistical leaders included Dale Betty with 552 passing yards, Jim Joyce with 567 rushing yards, and Gary Collins with 350 receiving yards.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [37, 37], "content_span": [38, 540]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077134-0000-0000", "contents": "1959 Masters Tournament\nThe 1959 Masters Tournament was the 23rd Masters Tournament, held April 2\u20135 at Augusta National Golf Club in Augusta, Georgia. Art Wall Jr. shot a final round of 66 (\u22126), with birdies on five of the last six holes, for his only major title, one stroke ahead of runner-up Cary Middlecoff, the 1955 champion. Wall started the final round six strokes behind the leaders, in a tie for thirteenth place.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [23, 23], "content_span": [24, 422]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077134-0001-0000", "contents": "1959 Masters Tournament\nDefending champion Arnold Palmer was a third round co-leader,  but a triple-bogey at the par-3 12th led to a 74 and a third-place finish, two strokes back. The purse in 1959 was a record $76,100 with a winner's share of $15,000 to Wall. The estimated gallery for the final round on Sunday was 30,000 spectators.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [23, 23], "content_span": [24, 335]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077134-0002-0000", "contents": "1959 Masters Tournament\nNineteen-year-old Jack Nicklaus made his Masters debut with 76-74 (150) and missed the cut by one stroke. He played in 45 Masters, the first three as an amateur, and only missed one cut (1967) in the next 34 Masters tournaments. Nicklaus won a record six green jackets and was runner-up four times in his 22 top-10 finishes.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [23, 23], "content_span": [24, 348]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077134-0003-0000", "contents": "1959 Masters Tournament, Field\nJack Burke Jr. (4,10,11), Jimmy Demaret (8), Doug Ford (4,8,11), Claude Harmon (8), Ben Hogan (2,3,4,8,9), Herman Keiser, Cary Middlecoff (2,8), Byron Nelson (2,4,8), Arnold Palmer (8), Henry Picard (4), Gene Sarazen (2,3,4), Horton Smith, Sam Snead (3,4,8,10), Craig Wood (2)", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 30], "content_span": [31, 307]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077134-0004-0000", "contents": "1959 Masters Tournament, Field\nTommy Bolt (9,10,11), Julius Boros (9,10), Billy Burke, Chick Evans (5,a), Jack Fleck, Ed Furgol (11), Tony Manero, Lloyd Mangrum, Dick Mayer (11), Fred McLeod, Sam Parks Jr., Lew Worsham", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 30], "content_span": [31, 218]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077134-0005-0000", "contents": "1959 Masters Tournament, Field\nWalter Burkemo (9), Dow Finsterwald (8,10,11), Vic Ghezzi, Chick Harbert (8), Chandler Harper, Lionel Hebert (11), Johnny Revolta, Jim Turnesa", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 30], "content_span": [31, 173]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077134-0006-0000", "contents": "1959 Masters Tournament, Field\nDick Chapman (a), Charles Coe (6,7,8,9,a), Robert Sweeny Jr. (a)", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 30], "content_span": [31, 95]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077134-0007-0000", "contents": "1959 Masters Tournament, Field\nTommy Aaron (7,a), Deane Beman (7,a), William C. Campbell (a), Bill Hyndman (a), Chuck Kocsis (7,a), Jack Nicklaus (a), Billy Joe Patton (8,a), Bud Taylor (7,a), Ward Wettlaufer (a)", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 30], "content_span": [31, 212]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077134-0008-0000", "contents": "1959 Masters Tournament, Field\nBilly Casper (9,10), Fred Hawkins (11), Jay Hebert (9,10), Ted Kroll (11), Billy Maxwell, Al Mengert, Phil Rodgers (a), Mike Souchak (10), Ken Venturi, Art Wall Jr. (11), Bo Wininger", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 30], "content_span": [31, 213]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077134-0009-0000", "contents": "1959 Masters Tournament, Field\nMarty Furgol, Bob Goetz, Tommy Jacobs, Don January, Gene Littler, Dick Metz, Bob Rosburg, Frank Stranahan", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 30], "content_span": [31, 136]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077134-0010-0000", "contents": "1959 Masters Tournament, Field\nBruce Castator (a), Bruce Crampton, Stan Leonard (8), Henry Martell, \u00c1ngel Miguel, Gary Player (9), Dave Thomas, Peter Thomson (3,8), Retief Waltman", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 30], "content_span": [31, 179]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077135-0000-0000", "contents": "1959 Mauritanian parliamentary election\nParliamentary elections were held in Mauritania on 17 May 1959. The result was a victory for the Mauritanian Regroupment Party, which was the only party to contest the elections, thereby winning all 40 seats in the National Assembly. Voter turnout was 90.3%.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [39, 39], "content_span": [40, 298]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077135-0001-0000", "contents": "1959 Mauritanian parliamentary election\nThe elections were the last to be held in pre-independence Mauritania, which achieved full independence on 28 November 1960.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [39, 39], "content_span": [40, 164]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077135-0002-0000", "contents": "1959 Mauritanian parliamentary election, Background\nThe Mauritanian Progressive Union headed by Moktar Ould Daddah won 33 of the 34 seats in the Territorial Assembly elections held in March 1957. Moktar Ould Daddah was chosen as the Chairman Mauritian Advisory Council by France's fourth republic. On 28 November 1958, a Constitutional amendment allowed the creation of a transitional Legislative Council, replacing the Territorial Assembly. The country lacked experts to frame the constitution and accepted the proposals of a group of French jurists on 22 March 1959 unanimously.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 51], "content_span": [52, 580]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077135-0003-0000", "contents": "1959 Mauritanian parliamentary election, Aftermath\nAfter independence on 28 November 1960, the country declared itself as Islamic Republic of Mauritania. Ould Daddah became the first President of the country and declared the country as a one party state in 1964. During 1965, all parties merged with the ruling Mauritanian Assembly Party to form the Mauritanian People's Party (MPP).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 50], "content_span": [51, 383]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077136-0000-0000", "contents": "1959 Mauritian general election\nGeneral elections were held in Mauritius on 9 March 1959. The result was a victory for the Labour Party, which won 24 of the 40 seats. They were the first elections in Mauritius to be held with universal suffrage.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [31, 31], "content_span": [32, 245]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077136-0001-0000", "contents": "1959 Mauritian general election, Electoral system\nThe Mauritius (Constitution) Order in Council 1958 provided for a Legislative Council with 40 members elected from single-member constituencies. Voters had to be aged 21 or over. A total of 208,684 people were registered to vote, of which 122,310 were non-Muslim Indo-Mauritians, 32,866 were Muslim Indo-Mauritians, 50,381 were general population and 3,127 were Sino-Mauritians.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 49], "content_span": [50, 428]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077136-0002-0000", "contents": "1959 Mauritian general election, Campaign\nA total of 159 candidates contested the elections, with all 40 constituencies having at least two candidates.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 41], "content_span": [42, 151]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077136-0003-0000", "contents": "1959 Mauritian general election, Results\nVoter turnout was 91.3%, ranging from 83.6% in the Stanley constituency to 95.6% in Moka.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 40], "content_span": [41, 130]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077136-0004-0000", "contents": "1959 Mauritian general election, Aftermath\nFollowing the elections, petitions were submitted to overturn the results in Curepipe, Piton, Port Louis Maritime, Riviere des Anguilles and Vieux Grant Port constituencies. The petitions for Piton, Port Louis Maritime and Vieux Grant Port were withdrawn, but the Supreme Court annulled the results of the Curepipe and Riviere des Anguilles votes.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 42], "content_span": [43, 390]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077137-0000-0000", "contents": "1959 Meath Intermediate Football Championship\nThe 1959 Meath Intermediate Football Championship is the 33rd edition of the Meath GAA's premier club Gaelic football tournament for intermediate graded teams in County Meath, Ireland. The tournament consists of 13 teams. The championship format consists of a group stage before progressing to a knock-out stage.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 45], "section_span": [45, 45], "content_span": [46, 358]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077137-0001-0000", "contents": "1959 Meath Intermediate Football Championship\nAt the end of the season Clonard, Curraha and Duleek applied to be regraded to the 1960 J.A.F.C. while the Oldcastle club folded altogether, not participating in Meath GAA competitions again until the 1964 J.A.F.C.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 45], "section_span": [45, 45], "content_span": [46, 260]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077137-0002-0000", "contents": "1959 Meath Intermediate Football Championship\nOn 6 September 1959, Donaghmore claimed their 3rd Intermediate championship title when they defeated Kilmainhamwood 3-5 to 1-10 in the final at Pairc Tailteann.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 45], "section_span": [45, 45], "content_span": [46, 206]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077137-0003-0000", "contents": "1959 Meath Intermediate Football Championship, Team changes\nThe following teams have changed division since the 1958 championship season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 45], "section_span": [47, 59], "content_span": [60, 137]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077137-0004-0000", "contents": "1959 Meath Intermediate Football Championship, Group stage\nThere are 2 groups called Group A and B. The top finisher in each group will qualify for the Final. Some results were unavailable in the Meath Chronicle.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 45], "section_span": [47, 58], "content_span": [59, 212]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077138-0000-0000", "contents": "1959 Meath Senior Football Championship\nThe 1959 Meath Senior Football Championship is the 67th edition of the Meath GAA's premier club Gaelic football tournament for senior graded teams in County Meath, Ireland. The tournament consists of 13 teams. The 1959 season was the first season that the championship employed a straight knock-out format on a permanent basis after it was tested on a trial basis in 1957. This was maintained until 1964.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [39, 39], "content_span": [40, 444]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077138-0001-0000", "contents": "1959 Meath Senior Football Championship\nThis season saw St. Mary's Bettystown's return to the top flight after claiming the 1958 Meath Intermediate Football Championship title, ending their 12 year exodus from the top-flight.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [39, 39], "content_span": [40, 225]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077138-0002-0000", "contents": "1959 Meath Senior Football Championship\nNavan O'Mahonys were the defending champions after they defeated Skryne in the previous years final replay, and they successfully defended their crown to claim their 4th S.F.C. title (3-in-a-row) by defeating Skryne again in the final at Trim by 1-9 to 2-5 on 30 August 1959. Brendan Cahill raised the Keegan Cup for the Hoops.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [39, 39], "content_span": [40, 367]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077138-0003-0000", "contents": "1959 Meath Senior Football Championship\nAt the end of the season no club was regraded.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [39, 39], "content_span": [40, 86]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077138-0004-0000", "contents": "1959 Meath Senior Football Championship, Team Changes\nThe following teams have changed division since the 1958 championship season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 53], "content_span": [54, 131]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077138-0005-0000", "contents": "1959 Meath Senior Football Championship, First Round\n8 teams enter this round selected by random draw. The winner progresses to the Quarter-Finals.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 52], "content_span": [53, 147]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077138-0006-0000", "contents": "1959 Meath Senior Football Championship, Quarter-Finals\nThe 3 remaining clubs (Carnaross, Navan O'Mahonys & St. Peter's Dunboyne) along with the Round 1 winners enter this round.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 55], "content_span": [56, 178]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077139-0000-0000", "contents": "1959 Mediterranean Games\nThe III Mediterranean Games \u2013 Beirut 1959 (Arabic: \u0623\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628\u064a\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637 1959\u200e), commonly known as the 1959 Mediterranean Games, were the 3rd Mediterranean Games. After visiting Africa and Europe, the Mediterranean Games were for the first time held in Asia in Beirut, Lebanon, thus completing the trio of continents belonging to the Mediterranean Sea.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [24, 24], "content_span": [25, 382]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077139-0001-0000", "contents": "1959 Mediterranean Games\nThe Games took place over 12 days, from 11 to 23 October 1959. There were 792 athletes (all men) from 11 countries participating. There were a total of 106 medal events from 17 different sports. At the end of the competition, France was on top again. The United Arab Republic (UAR), participating for the first time, came in second, and Turkey came third.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [24, 24], "content_span": [25, 380]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077139-0002-0000", "contents": "1959 Mediterranean Games, Participating Nations\nThe following is a list of nations that participated in the 1959 Mediterranean Games:", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 47], "content_span": [48, 133]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077139-0003-0000", "contents": "1959 Mediterranean Games, Sports\nThe 1959 Mediterranean Games sports program featured 102 men-only events in 19 sports. The number in parentheses next to the sport is the number of medal events per sport.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 32], "content_span": [33, 204]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077139-0004-0000", "contents": "1959 Mediterranean Games, Sports\nThree sports from the 1955 games \u2013 field hockey, roller hockey and rugby \u2013 were all dropped from the program. Rowing competition also was not held. In wrestling, 8 Greco-Roman style events returned having skipped 1955, and in sailing only one event was held (down from three in 1955).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 32], "content_span": [33, 317]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077140-0000-0000", "contents": "1959 Meistaradeildin, Overview\nIt was contested by 5 teams, and B36 T\u00f3rshavn won the championship.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [22, 30], "content_span": [31, 98]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077141-0000-0000", "contents": "1959 Memorial Cup\nThe 1959 Memorial Cup final was the 41st junior ice hockey championship of the Canadian Amateur Hockey Association. The George Richardson Memorial Trophy champions Peterborough TPT Petes of the Ontario Hockey Association in Eastern Canada competed against the Abbott Cup champions Winnipeg Braves of the Manitoba Junior Hockey League in Western Canada. In a best-of-seven series, held at the Winnipeg Arena in Winnipeg, Manitoba and at Wheat City Arena in Brandon, Manitoba, Winnipeg won their 1st Memorial Cup, defeating Peterborough 4 games to 1.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [17, 17], "content_span": [18, 566]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077141-0001-0000", "contents": "1959 Memorial Cup, Scores\nScheduling for the 1959 Memorial Cup was supervised by Canadian Amateur Hockey Association second vice-president Jack Roxburgh.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 25], "content_span": [26, 153]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077141-0002-0000", "contents": "1959 Memorial Cup, Winning roster\nPat Angers, Don Atamanchuk, Al Baty, Gary Bergman, Ed Bradawski, Rene Brunel, Ted Green, Howie Hughes, Allan Ingimundson, Ken King, Ted Knight, Gerry Kruk, Wayne Larkin, Al Leblanc, Bobby Leiter, Doug Monro, Zenon Moroz, Lew Mueller, John Rodgers, P. Sexsmith, John Sutherland, Ernie Wakely, Wayne Winstone, Bob Wales. Coach: Bill Allum", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 33], "content_span": [34, 370]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077142-0000-0000", "contents": "1959 Memphis State Tigers football team\nThe 1959 Memphis State Tigers football team represented Memphis State University (now known as the University of Memphis) as an independent during the 1959 NCAA College Division football season. In its second season under head coach Billy J. Murphy, the team compiled an 6\u20134 record. The team played its home games at Crump Stadium in Memphis, Tennessee.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [39, 39], "content_span": [40, 393]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077143-0000-0000", "contents": "1959 Men's British Open Squash Championship\nThe 1959 Open Championship was held at the Royal Automobile Club in Pall Mall, London from 11 March - 16 March. Azam Khan finally won his first title after finishing runner-up to his older brother Hashim Khan on three previous occasions. He defeated Mo Khan in the final.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 43], "section_span": [43, 43], "content_span": [44, 315]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077143-0001-0000", "contents": "1959 Men's British Open Squash Championship\nDefending champion and top seed Hashim Khan had withdrawn from the Championships after ankle problems and another seed Roshan Khan had been recalled to service by the Pakistan navy.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 43], "section_span": [43, 43], "content_span": [44, 225]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077144-0000-0000", "contents": "1959 Merdeka Tournament\nThe 1959 Merdeka Tournament was the third edition of the Merdeka Tournament which was an annual tournament hosted in Malaya. It took place from August 30 to September 6 with seven participating nations.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [23, 23], "content_span": [24, 226]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077144-0001-0000", "contents": "1959 Merdeka Tournament, First round\nA series of knockout ties was held to determine which teams would compete in the second round. The match between South Vietnam and Singapore required a replay as the score was level at the end of the first match.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 36], "content_span": [37, 249]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077145-0000-0000", "contents": "1959 Messina Grand Prix\nThe 1st Messina Grand Prix was a motor race, run to Formula Junior rules, held on 23 August 1959 at Ganzirri Lake circuit in Messina, Italy. The race was part of the Italian Formula Junior Championship.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [23, 23], "content_span": [24, 226]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077146-0000-0000", "contents": "1959 Mestaruussarja, Overview\nIt was contested by 10 teams, and HIFK Helsinki won the championship.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [21, 29], "content_span": [30, 99]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077147-0000-0000", "contents": "1959 Mexico hurricane\nThe 1959 Mexico hurricane was the deadliest Pacific hurricane on record. First observed south of Mexico on October\u00a023, the cyclone tracked northwestward. It intensified into a Category\u00a03 hurricane on October\u00a025 and reached Category\u00a04 intensity on the following day. After turning toward the northeast, the hurricane made landfall near Manzanillo, Mexico at peak intensity. The system continued on that trajectory before dissipating on the next day.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [21, 21], "content_span": [22, 470]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077147-0001-0000", "contents": "1959 Mexico hurricane\nImpact from the hurricane was severe and widespread. Initially forecast to remain offshore, the system curved northeast and moved ashore, becoming one of Mexico's worst natural disasters at the time. Up to 150 boats were submerged. Countless homes in Colima and Jalisco were damaged or destroyed, large portions of the states were inaccessible by flash flooding, and hundreds of residents were stranded. All coconut plantations were blown down during the storm, leaving thousands without work and instating fear that it would take the economy years to recover. Torrential rainfall across mountain terrain contributed to numerous mudslides that caused hundreds of fatalities. In the aftermath of the cyclone, convoys delivering aid were hindered by the destruction. Residents were vaccinated to prevent the spread of disease. Overall, the hurricane inflicted at least $280 million (1959 USD) in damage.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [21, 21], "content_span": [22, 923]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077147-0002-0000", "contents": "1959 Mexico hurricane, Meteorological history\nOn October\u00a022, a low pressure area was present south of the Gulf of Tehuantepec, having originated out of an area of disturbed weather in the region the day before. That day, two ships reported gale-force winds, suggesting that a tropical storm formed by 12:00\u00a0UTC. Moving west-northwestward parallel to the southwest coast of Mexico, the system steadily intensified, reaching hurricane status by late on October\u00a023. The storm continued to intensify, although there were few ships in the path to record the intensity until October\u00a026. During that time, interpolation of observations suggests that the storm attained major hurricane intensity \u2013 a Category\u00a03 on the modern Saffir\u2013Simpson scale \u2013 with winds of 115\u00a0mph (185\u00a0km/h) on October\u00a025.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [23, 45], "content_span": [46, 787]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077147-0003-0000", "contents": "1959 Mexico hurricane, Meteorological history\nOn October\u00a026, the hurricane turned abruptly to the northeast toward the Mexican coast. At 00:00\u00a0UTC on October\u00a027, a nearby ship recorded winds of 130\u00a0km/h (80\u00a0mph), confirming the increase in intensity. Six hours later, another ship recorded winds of 115\u00a0mph (185\u00a0km/h). At around 12:00\u00a0UTC on October\u00a027, the hurricane made landfall just northwest of Manzanillo, Colima, with an eye 13\u00a0mi (20\u00a0km) in diameter.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [23, 45], "content_span": [46, 458]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077147-0003-0001", "contents": "1959 Mexico hurricane, Meteorological history\nThe Mary Barbara \u2013 a ship in Manzanillo Harbor \u2013 estimated winds of 155\u00a0mph (250\u00a0km/h), which was the basis for the previous estimated landfall intensity of 160\u00a0mph (260\u00a0km/h), which was later determined to be an overestimate. The same ship reported a minimum barometric pressure of 958\u00a0mbar (28.3\u00a0inHg) in the southeastern periphery of the eyewall; this, in conjunction with other nearby readings, suggested a minimum central pressure of 955\u00a0mbar (28.2\u00a0inHg).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [23, 45], "content_span": [46, 506]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077147-0003-0002", "contents": "1959 Mexico hurricane, Meteorological history\nA reanalysis in 2016 indicated that the hurricane's peak intensity at landfall was 140\u00a0mph (220\u00a0km/h), based on uncertainties in the wind estimates, the central pressure, as well as the storm's small size and slow movement. The hurricane rapidly weakened over the mountainous terrain of southwestern Mexico. Within 12\u00a0hours of landfall, the system weakened to tropical storm status, and on October\u00a028, the storm dissipated.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [23, 45], "content_span": [46, 469]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077147-0004-0000", "contents": "1959 Mexico hurricane, Preparations and impact\nThousands of people were unprepared for the storm. Thus, the system was dubbed \"a sneak hurricane\". After passing well offshore from Acapulco, it was forecast to head out to sea. Instead, it recurved eastward and made landfall.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [23, 46], "content_span": [47, 274]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077147-0005-0000", "contents": "1959 Mexico hurricane, Preparations and impact\nThe hurricane had devastating effects on the places it hit. It killed at least 1,000\u00a0people directly, and a total of 1,800 people. At that time, it was Mexico's worst natural disaster in recent times. Most of the destruction was in Colima and Jalisco. A preliminary estimate of property damage was $280\u00a0million (1959\u00a0USD).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [23, 46], "content_span": [47, 369]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077147-0006-0000", "contents": "1959 Mexico hurricane, Preparations and impact\nThe storm sank three merchant ships, and two other vessels. On one ship, the Sinaloa, 21 of 38 hands went down. On another, the El Caribe, all hands were lost. As many as 150 total boats were sunk.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [23, 46], "content_span": [47, 244]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077147-0007-0000", "contents": "1959 Mexico hurricane, Preparations and impact\nA quarter of the homes in Cihuatl\u00e1n, Jalisco, were totally destroyed, leaving many homeless. In Manzanillo, Colima, 40 percent of all homes were destroyed, and four ships in the harbor were sunk. Large portions of Colima and Jalisco were isolated by flooding. Hundreds of people were stranded. Minatitl\u00e1n, Colima, suffered especially, as 800\u00a0people out of its population of 1000 were dead or missing, according to a message sent to President Adolfo L\u00f3pez Mateos. In Colima, all coconut plantations were blown down and thousands of people were left out of work. That state's economy was damaged enough that officials thought it would take years to recover.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [23, 46], "content_span": [47, 702]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077147-0008-0000", "contents": "1959 Mexico hurricane, Preparations and impact\nThe hurricane also dumped heavy rains along its path. This water-logged the hills near Minatitl\u00e1n, and contributed to huge mudslide late on October 29 that claimed 800 victims. The slide uncovered hundreds of venomous scorpions and snakes, which killed tens more people in the aftermath. Additional hordes of scorpions were driven from their nests when the adobe walls crumbled away. The Governor of Colima, Rodolfo Ch\u00e1vez Carrillo and his wife issued a plea for venom inoculations afterwards. In some places, the mud was 10 feet (3.0\u00a0m) deep. Water supplies were badly polluted, both by debris and dead bodies.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [23, 46], "content_span": [47, 658]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077147-0009-0000", "contents": "1959 Mexico hurricane, Aftermath and records\nIn the aftermath, air rescue operations were conducted, but the destruction of roads in the area hindered convoys carrying aid. Planes also made supply drops, but rescue operations were hindered by broken roads and rails. Survivors were vaccinated against typhoid and tetanus. Part of Manzanillo was placed under quarantine.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [23, 44], "content_span": [45, 369]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077148-0000-0000", "contents": "1959 Miami Hurricanes football team\nThe 1959 Miami Hurricanes football team represented the University of Miami as an independent during the 1959 NCAA University Division football season. Led by 12th-year head coach Andy Gustafson, the Hurricanes played their home games at Burdine Stadium in Miami, Florida. Miami finished the season 6\u20134.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [35, 35], "content_span": [36, 339]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077149-0000-0000", "contents": "1959 Miami Redskins football team\nThe 1959 Miami Redskins football team was an American football team that represented Miami University in the Mid-American Conference (MAC) during the 1959 NCAA University Division football season. In its fourth season under head coach John Pont, Miami compiled a 5\u20134 record (3\u20132 against MAC opponents), finished in third place in the MAC, held five of nine opponents to seven or fewer points, and outscored all opponents by a combined total of 158 to 94.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [33, 33], "content_span": [34, 488]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077149-0001-0000", "contents": "1959 Miami Redskins football team\nJames Daniels and Dave Girbert were the team captains. Girbert led the team with 332 rushing yards. Other statistical leaders included Thomas Kilmurray with 454 passing yards and Howie Millisor with 132 receiving yards.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [33, 33], "content_span": [34, 253]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077150-0000-0000", "contents": "1959 Michigan State Spartans football team\nThe 1959 Michigan State Spartans football team represented Michigan State University in the 1959 Big Ten Conference football season. In their sixth season under head coach Duffy Daugherty, the Spartans compiled a 5\u20134 overall record (4\u20133 against Big Ten opponents), finished in second place in the Big Ten Conference, and were ranked #16 in the final Coaches Poll.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 42], "section_span": [42, 42], "content_span": [43, 406]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077150-0001-0000", "contents": "1959 Michigan State Spartans football team\nQuarterback Dean Look was selected by the Associated Press (AP) as a first-team player on the 1959 All-Big Ten Conference football team. Three other Spartans were selected for the third team: halfback Herb Adderly; tackle Palmer Pyle; and center Dave Manders.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 42], "section_span": [42, 42], "content_span": [43, 302]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077150-0002-0000", "contents": "1959 Michigan State Spartans football team\nThe 1959 Spartans won all three of their annual rivalry games. In the annual Indiana\u2013Michigan State football rivalry game, the Spartans defeated the Hoosiers by a 14 to 6 score. In the Notre Dame rivalry game, the Spartans defeated the Fighting Irish by a 19 to 0 score. And, in the annual Michigan\u2013Michigan State football rivalry game, the Spartans defeated the Wolverines by a 34 to 8 score.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 42], "section_span": [42, 42], "content_span": [43, 436]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077150-0003-0000", "contents": "1959 Michigan State Spartans football team\nIn non-conference play, the Spartans lost to Texas A&M, 9\u20137, and the Miami Hurricanes, 18\u201313.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 42], "section_span": [42, 42], "content_span": [43, 136]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077151-0000-0000", "contents": "1959 Michigan Wolverines football team\nThe 1959 Michigan Wolverines football team was an American football team that represented the University of Michigan in the 1959 Big Ten Conference football season. In its first year under head coach Bump Elliott, Michigan compiled a 4\u20135 record (3\u20134 against conference opponents), finished in seventh place in the Big Ten, and was outscored by a combined total of 161 to 122.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [38, 38], "content_span": [39, 414]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077151-0001-0000", "contents": "1959 Michigan Wolverines football team\nAfter losing their first two games to Missouri and Michigan State, the Wolverines won four of their last seven games, including victories over Oregon State (18\u20137) and rivals Minnesota (14\u20136), and Ohio State (23\u201314).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [38, 38], "content_span": [39, 254]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077151-0002-0000", "contents": "1959 Michigan Wolverines football team\nNo Michigan players received first-team honors on either the All-America or All-Big Ten teams. Left guard George Genyk was the team captain, and fullback Tony Rio received the team's most valuable player award. The team's statistical leaders included quarterback Stan Noskin with 747 passing yards, right halfback Fred Julian with 289 rushing yards, and right end Robert Johnson with 264 receiving yards.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [38, 38], "content_span": [39, 443]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077151-0003-0000", "contents": "1959 Michigan Wolverines football team, Season summary, Preseason\nLate in the 1958 season, with the team on its way to a 2\u20136\u20131 record, head coach Bennie Oosterbaan resigned. In mid-November, the university announced that Bump Elliott, then an assistant on Oosterbaan's staff, would take over as head coach in 1959. Also at the end of the 1958 season, tackle George Genyk was elected as the captain of the 1959 team.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 65], "content_span": [66, 415]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077151-0004-0000", "contents": "1959 Michigan Wolverines football team, Season summary, Preseason\nElliott revamped the coaching staff after taking over. The only assistant coaches retained by Elliott were Bob Hollway and Don Dufek, Sr. New hires to the coaching staff were Jack Nelson, Henry Fonde, and Jack Fouts.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 65], "content_span": [66, 282]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077151-0005-0000", "contents": "1959 Michigan Wolverines football team, Season summary, Preseason\nCharged with responsibility to \"reverse a declining gridiron cycle\", Elliott announced in the spring of 1959 that he intended to abandon Michigan's trademark single-wing formation in favor of the T formation he learned while on Forest Evashevski's staff at Iowa. To effectively run the T formation, Eliott acknowledged he would need an outstanding running quarterback.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 65], "content_span": [66, 434]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077151-0006-0000", "contents": "1959 Michigan Wolverines football team, Season summary, Preseason\nIn May 1959, tackle Willard Hildebrand was awarded the Meyer W. Morton trophy as the player showing the most improvement during spring practice. Coach Elliott credited Hildebrand for his desire, hustle, and willingness to work.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 65], "content_span": [66, 293]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077151-0007-0000", "contents": "1959 Michigan Wolverines football team, Season summary, Missouri\nOn September 26, Michigan lost to Dan Devine's Missouri Tigers by a score of 20\u201315 before a crowd of 50,533 at Michigan Stadium. It was Bump Elliott's first game as Michigan's head coach. In the first quarter, Missouri took a 7\u20130 lead on a 46-yard touchdown run by Mel West. In the third quarter, Bennie McRae scored a Michigan touchdown on a 44-yard pass from Stan Noskin, but an attempted two-point conversion failed as Noskin was hit before he could pass the ball. Early in the fourth quarter, Missouri extended its lead to 14\u20136.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 64], "content_span": [65, 597]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077151-0007-0001", "contents": "1959 Michigan Wolverines football team, Season summary, Missouri\nMichigan rallied to take a 15\u201314 lead on a 10-yard touchdown run by McRae and a 22-yard field goal by John Halstead. With one minute to play, Missouri faced a fourth down at midfield. Under a heavy pass rush, Tigers quarterback Bobby Haas scrambled free for a first down. With less than 10 seconds remaining on the game clock, Haas carried again and scored from the one-yard line. Missouri went on to play in the 1960 Orange Bowl.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 64], "content_span": [65, 495]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077151-0008-0000", "contents": "1959 Michigan Wolverines football team, Season summary, Michigan State\nOn October 3, Michigan lost to Duffy Daugherty's Michigan State Spartans by a 34\u20138 score before a record crowd of 103,234 at Michigan Stadium. The Spartans took a 27\u20130 lead at halftime on short touchdown runs by Herb Adderley, Blanche Martin, and Dean Look, and a 94-yard interception and return by Bob Suci. The Spartans extended their lead in the third quarter on a touchdown pass from Look to Don Stewart. Michigan scored in the fourth quarter on a one-yard run by quarterback Stan Noskin. The Spartans out-gained the Wolverines by a total of 342 yards to 158 yards.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 70], "content_span": [71, 640]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077151-0009-0000", "contents": "1959 Michigan Wolverines football team, Season summary, Oregon State\nOn October 10, Michigan defeated Tommy Prothro's Oregon State Beavers by an 18 to 7 score before a crowd of 74,693 at Michigan Stadium in Ann Arbor. The Band Day crowd included 13,500 high school band players. It was the team's first victory under new head coach Bump Elliott. The victory also broke a six-game losing streak and avoided setting a new school record with a seventh consecutive loss.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 68], "content_span": [69, 466]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077151-0010-0000", "contents": "1959 Michigan Wolverines football team, Season summary, Oregon State\nMichigan took a 3\u20130 lead in the first quarter on a 27-yard field goal by John Halstead. Shortly before halftime, Michigan drove to Oregon State's four-yard line, but turned the ball over on a fumble. Oregon State took the lead in the third quarter when Chuck Marshall intercepted a Don Hannah pass on the Beavers' three-yard line and returned it 75 yards to Michigan's 22-yard line. After moving the ball to the one-yard line, Jim Stinnette dove over for the go-ahead touchdown. At the end of the game, Michigan players carried coach Elliott off the field on their shoulders.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 68], "content_span": [69, 644]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077151-0011-0000", "contents": "1959 Michigan Wolverines football team, Season summary, Oregon State\nMichigan trailed, 7\u20133, at the start of the fourth quarter but rallied in the final eight minutes. John Halstead began the comeback when he recovered a fumble at the Oregon State 33-yard line. Ken Tureaud ran the final yard for the game-winning touchdown with 7:44 remaining. The Wolverines then ran a trick play on the extra point attempt; Stan Noskin took the snap as the holder, then passed to Dennis Fitzgerald in the end zone for two points.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 68], "content_span": [69, 514]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077151-0011-0001", "contents": "1959 Michigan Wolverines football team, Season summary, Oregon State\nOregon State moved into Michigan territory on the next drive, but Reid Bushong intercepted an Oregon State pass at Michigan's 20-yard line to stop the drive. The Wolverines then mounted a long drive, aided by a personal foul penalty, ending with a two-yard touchdown run by Darrell Harper with 2:40 remaining in the game.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 68], "content_span": [69, 390]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077151-0012-0000", "contents": "1959 Michigan Wolverines football team, Season summary, Oregon State\nMichigan out-gained Oregon State by a total of 332 yard (252 rushing, 80 passing) to 152 yards (68 rushing, 84 passing).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 68], "content_span": [69, 189]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077151-0013-0000", "contents": "1959 Michigan Wolverines football team, Season summary, Northwestern\nOn October 17, Michigan lost to Ara Parseghian's Northwestern Wildcats before a crowd of 67,975 at Michigan Stadium. Northwestern was ranked No. 2 prior to the game, having defeated No. 2 Oklahoma in its opening game.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 68], "content_span": [69, 286]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077151-0014-0000", "contents": "1959 Michigan Wolverines football team, Season summary, Northwestern\nMichigan dominated the game early. In the first 10 minutes, the Wolverines drove downfield only to lose the ball on a fumble in the end zone, recovered a fumbled snap on Northwestern's six-yard line, and took a 7-0 lead on a six-yard run by Kenneth Tureaud. The Wolverines were held scoreless in the game's final 50 minutes. Michigan kept the game close by recovering five of six Northwestern fumbles. The Wolverines' offense was stopped at Northwestern's goal line on three drives and also missed a field goal when stopped at the 16-yard line.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 68], "content_span": [69, 613]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077151-0015-0000", "contents": "1959 Michigan Wolverines football team, Season summary, Northwestern\nNothwestern's attack was led by Mark Johnston and Ron Purdin. Johnston played all 60 minutes, gaining 95 rushing yards and 86 receiving yards (including a 63-yard touchdown reception in the final minute of the first half). Purdin played 58 minutes, gaining 117 yards on 10 carries and another 35 yards on a pass reception. Purdin's 85-yard touchdown run in the fourth quarter was the longest running play for Nothwestern since the 1921 season. The Wildcats out-gained the Wolverines by a total of 410 yards to 196 yards.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 68], "content_span": [69, 589]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077151-0016-0000", "contents": "1959 Michigan Wolverines football team, Season summary, Minnesota\nOn October 24, Michigan defeated Minnesota by a 14\u20136 score in the annual Little Brown Jug game before a crowd of 57,534 at Memorial Stadium in Minneapolis. It was Michigan's first conference victory of the 1959 season and its first road victory since 1957.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 65], "content_span": [66, 322]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077151-0017-0000", "contents": "1959 Michigan Wolverines football team, Season summary, Minnesota\nAfter a scoreless first half, Michigan stopped Minnesota on the opening drive of the second half. Darrell Harper returned the ensuing punt 83 yards for a touchdown at the 12:29 mark of the third quarter. Harper kicked the extra point following his long run, and Michigan led, 7\u20130. After the kickoff, Minnesota fumbled on its third play, and Michigan end John Halstead fell on the loose ball at Minnesota's 43-yard line. It was Halstead's sixth fumble recovery of the 1959 season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 65], "content_span": [66, 545]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077151-0017-0001", "contents": "1959 Michigan Wolverines football team, Season summary, Minnesota\nOn the next play, right halfback Fred Julian carried the ball 43 yards for Michigan's second touchdown at the 10:24 mark of the third quarter. It was Julian's first collegiate touchdown. At the end of the third quarter, Minnesota drove to Michigan's seven-yard line, but Minnesota fumbled on fourth down. On the Gophers' next two possessions, the Gophers drove to Michigan's 23- and 20-yard lines but were unable to score. Finally, with 1:14 remaining in the game, Minnesota averted a shutout as backup quarterback Dick Johnson threw a 14-yard touchdown pass to Tom Hall.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 65], "content_span": [66, 637]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077151-0018-0000", "contents": "1959 Michigan Wolverines football team, Season summary, Minnesota\nMinnesota out-gained Michigan by a total of 371 yards to 186 yards. Julian led Michigan's attack with 93 rushing yards on eight carries, including runs of 25 and 43 yards. Quarterback Stan Noskin completed five of nine passes for 80 yards, including a 43-yard connection with Bennie McRae.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 65], "content_span": [66, 355]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077151-0019-0000", "contents": "1959 Michigan Wolverines football team, Season summary, Wisconsin\nOn October 31, Michigan lost to Wisconsin, ranked No. 10 in the country, by a 19-10 score before a homecoming crowd of 68,063 on a gray, foggy day at Michigan Stadium. It was the first time a Wisconsin football team had beaten Michigan since 1934.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 65], "content_span": [66, 313]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077151-0020-0000", "contents": "1959 Michigan Wolverines football team, Season summary, Wisconsin\nIn a bad day for the quarterbacks, the teams attempted 21 passes, completed only six, and combined for nine interceptions. Michigan threw six of the nine interceptions (five by Stan Noskin), one short of the Big Ten single-game record. The interceptions led to two Wisconsin touchdowns and a field goal.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 65], "content_span": [66, 369]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077151-0021-0000", "contents": "1959 Michigan Wolverines football team, Season summary, Illinois\nOn November 7, Michigan defeated Illinois by a 20\u201315 score at Champaign, Illinois. The victory snapped Michigan's four-game losing streak at Champaign which included losses in 1951, 1953, 1955, and 1957. The victory crushed Illinois' bid for a Big Ten championship and trip to the Rose Bowl.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 64], "content_span": [65, 356]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077151-0022-0000", "contents": "1959 Michigan Wolverines football team, Season summary, Illinois\nIllinois took a 9\u20130 lead in the opening nine minutes of the game. On the second play of the game, Darrell Harper fumbled at Michigan's 28-yard line, setting up an Illinois field goal. On Michigan's next possession, John Stamos threw a interception, and John Counts then ran 27 yards for a touchdown. The Wolverines came back with touchdowns in each of the other three quarters. Tony Rio scored with 64 seconds remaining in the first half on a diving catch in the end zone after a pass from Stan Noskin was deflected. Noskin's run for two-point conversion failed.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 64], "content_span": [65, 627]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077151-0022-0001", "contents": "1959 Michigan Wolverines football team, Season summary, Illinois\nEarly in the third quarter, Gerry Smith intercepted a pass and returned the ball to the Illini 26-yard line. Darrell Harper then scored on a seven-yard run. In the fourth quarter, Alex Callahan intercepted another Illini pass and returned it 43 yards to the Illinois 28-yard line. Fred Julian scored on a one-yard run. Michigan was out-gained by totals of 232 yards to 181 yards, but Illinois turnovers (four interceptions, including three by Gerry Smith) enabled Michigan to prevail.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 64], "content_span": [65, 549]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077151-0023-0000", "contents": "1959 Michigan Wolverines football team, Season summary, Indiana\nOn November 14, Michigan lost to Indiana by a 26-7 score before a crowd of 24,171 at Bloomington, Indiana. Michigan turned the ball over eight times, four times on fumbles and four times on interceptions. Indiana scored on short drives following three of the turnovers. The Wolverines out-gained the Hoosiers by a total of 259 yards to 218 yards. Michigan right end Bob Johnson caught six passes for 80 yards. Coach Bump Elliott blamed the weather, which prevented the Wolverines from flying and required them to ride buses for eight hours.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 63], "content_span": [64, 604]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077151-0024-0000", "contents": "1959 Michigan Wolverines football team, Season summary, Ohio State\nOn November 21, Michigan concluded its first season under Bump Elliott with a 23\u201314 victory over Woody Hayes' Ohio State Buckeyes. The game was played in \"freezing, sunless weather\" before a crowd of 90,093 at Michigan Stadium.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 66], "content_span": [67, 294]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077151-0025-0000", "contents": "1959 Michigan Wolverines football team, Season summary, Ohio State\nIt was the final game for seniors Stan Noskin, Tony Rio, Darrell Harper, and Fred Julian who were responsible for all 23 points scored by the Wolverines. Fullback Rio carried only six times for 18 yards but scored two touchdowns. Quarterback Noskin completed seven of ten passes for 88 yards (including a touchdown pass to Rio) and also rushed for a touchdown. Left halfback Harper kicked two extra points and a field goal and also led the rushing attack with 58 yards on 11 carries, while right halfback Julian added 54 rushing yards on 12 carries.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 66], "content_span": [67, 616]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077151-0026-0000", "contents": "1959 Michigan Wolverines football team, Season summary, Ohio State\nMichigan's first touchdown followed a turnover when Ohio State fumbled the opening kickoff at its own 20-yard line. The fumble was caused by a hard tackle from Michigan's John Halstead who was carried unconscious from the field and taken to University Hospital.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 66], "content_span": [67, 328]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077151-0027-0000", "contents": "1959 Michigan Wolverines football team, Season summary, Ohio State\nThe Wolverines prevailed despite being out-gained by 358 yards to 306 yards. The Wolverines' 23 points and 306 yards were both season highs. Backup fullback Roger Detrick led the Buckeyes with 139 rushing yards on 33 carries. Michigan's defense halted four Ohio State scoring drives, intercepted two passes (one each by Todd Grant and Reid Bushong), and Reid Bushong recovered a fumble.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 66], "content_span": [67, 453]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077151-0028-0000", "contents": "1959 Michigan Wolverines football team, Season summary, Ohio State\nWoody Hayes drew attention for his angry reactions on the sideline. One writer compared him to a \"hot stripper\" as he shed and hurled articles of clothing including his long-billed baseball cap, brown jacket, and necktie. His jacket was hurled after being whirled over his head and then retrieved by a staffer, only to be hurled again as Hayes \"flailed his arms around like a windmill caught in a tornado.\" He next attacked a wooden folding chair and drop-kicked it a half-dozen yards. Hayes' antics triggered \"a great chortling cheer from the fans.\"", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 66], "content_span": [67, 617]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077151-0029-0000", "contents": "1959 Michigan Wolverines football team, Season summary, Post season\nAfter the season, fullback Tony Rio was selected as the team's most valuable player. No Michigan players were named by the Associated Press (AP) or United Press (UP) to the first or second squads on the 1959 All-Big Ten Conference football team. Center Gerry Smith was named to the AP third team, and George Genyk and Bennie McRae received honorable mention.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 67], "content_span": [68, 426]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077151-0030-0000", "contents": "1959 Michigan Wolverines football team, Statistical leaders\nMichigan's individual statistical leaders for the 1959 season include those listed below.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 59], "content_span": [60, 149]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077151-0031-0000", "contents": "1959 Michigan Wolverines football team, Personnel, Players, Starting backfield\nThe following backfield players started at least one game for Michigan during the 1959 season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 78], "content_span": [79, 173]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077151-0032-0000", "contents": "1959 Michigan Wolverines football team, Personnel, Players, Starting linemen\nThe following linemen started at least one game for Michigan during the 1959 season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 76], "content_span": [77, 161]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077151-0033-0000", "contents": "1959 Michigan Wolverines football team, Personnel, Players, Other letter winners\nIn addition to the 16 starters referenced above, the following additional individuals received varsity letters:", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 80], "content_span": [81, 192]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077151-0034-0000", "contents": "1959 Michigan Wolverines football team, Personnel, Players, Reserve players\nIn addition, the following 25 players received \"reserve\" awards for their participation on the team:", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 75], "content_span": [76, 176]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077151-0035-0000", "contents": "1959 Michigan Wolverines football team, Personnel, Players, Freshmen squad\nThe following notable freshman were also part of the program:", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 74], "content_span": [75, 136]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077151-0036-0000", "contents": "1959 Michigan Wolverines football team, Awards and honors\nTeam honors and awards for the 1959 season went to the following individuals.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 57], "content_span": [58, 135]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077152-0000-0000", "contents": "1959 Milan\u2013San Remo\nThe 1959 Milan\u2013San Remo was the 50th edition of the Milan\u2013San Remo cycle race and was held on 19 March 1959. The race started in Milan and finished in San Remo. The race was won by Miguel Poblet.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [19, 19], "content_span": [20, 215]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077153-0000-0000", "contents": "1959 Milwaukee Braves season\nThe 1959 Milwaukee Braves season was the seventh season for the franchise in Milwaukee and its 89th season overall. The season's home attendance was 1,749,112, second in the majors and the eight-team National League, but the lowest to date in Milwaukee and the last over 1.5 million.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [28, 28], "content_span": [29, 312]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077153-0001-0000", "contents": "1959 Milwaukee Braves season\nThe Braves ended the National League regular season in a first-place tie with the Los Angeles Dodgers at 86\u201368 (.558), a special best-of-three tie-breaking series was played to decide the NL championship for the World Series. The Braves lost both games by one run, and finished at 86\u201370, two games behind the Dodgers, who won the World Series in six games over the Chicago White Sox.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [28, 28], "content_span": [29, 412]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077153-0002-0000", "contents": "1959 Milwaukee Braves season, Offseason, Front-office turnover\nThree days after the conclusion of the World Series in 1958, which the Braves lost in seven games to the New York Yankees, the club announced a reorganization of its front office. Team president Joseph Cairnes stepped aside, and was succeeded by former Cincinnati Redlegs manager Birdie Tebbetts, 46. Named executive vice president, and ranked just below owner Louis Perini on the Braves' organizational chart, Tebbetts had never before served in a front-office capacity in baseball.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 62], "content_span": [63, 546]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077153-0003-0000", "contents": "1959 Milwaukee Braves season, Offseason, Front-office turnover\nThe repercussions of Tebbetts' appointment to a senior management post were felt three months later when general manager John J. Quinn, 50, a member of the team's front office since 1936 (as well as the son of former owner J. A. Robert Quinn) and the Braves' GM since 1945, resigned on January 14, 1959, to take the reins of the Philadelphia Phillies. Quinn was replaced in Milwaukee by Tebbetts' former teammate with the Detroit Tigers, 37-year-old John McHale, GM of the Tigers since 1957. McHale would serve as the Braves' general manager and, later, team president, through the club's final years in Milwaukee and its 1966 move to Atlanta, before his dismissal that year.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 62], "content_span": [63, 738]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077153-0004-0000", "contents": "1959 Milwaukee Braves season, Regular season, Batting\nRight fielder Hank Aaron won the National League batting championship with a career-high .355 batting average. He also led the league in hits with 223, total bases with 400\u2014both also career highs\u2014and slugging percentage at .636. Aaron finished third in the voting for the National League Most Valuable Player award. Aaron also led the Braves with 154 games played, 629 at bats, and 123 runs batted in.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 53], "content_span": [54, 455]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077153-0005-0000", "contents": "1959 Milwaukee Braves season, Regular season, Batting\nThird baseman Eddie Mathews led the NL with 46 home runs and had a career-high 182 hits, and he led the National League. He also led the team with 118 runs scored, had 182 hits and drove in 114 runs. Mathews finished second to Ernie Banks of the Chicago Cubs in the voting for the league's Most Valuable Player, who hit 47 home runs and lead the league in runs batted in. The choice was controversial, as the Cubs finished in last place, but Aaron and Mathews split the voting among Braves players, allowing Banks to claim the award.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 53], "content_span": [54, 587]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077153-0006-0000", "contents": "1959 Milwaukee Braves season, Regular season, Pitching\nWarren Spahn and Lew Burdette led the National League pitchers with 21 wins apiece, and they had identical 21\u201315 win-loss records in carrying the Braves on their backs for most of the season. Spahn, who was the starting pitcher in the All-Star Game, pitched 292 innings, and Burdette pitched 290. Third starter Bob Buhl returned from a season full of injuries to pitch 198 innings and finish with a good 15\u20139 record.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 54], "content_span": [55, 471]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077153-0007-0000", "contents": "1959 Milwaukee Braves season, Regular season, Pitching\nThe star of the bullpen was relief pitcher Don McMahon, who pitched in 60 games (finishing 49), had a 5\u20133 record, a 2.57 earned run average, and saved 15 games. McMahon was also chosen for the All-Star Game.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 54], "content_span": [55, 262]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077153-0008-0000", "contents": "1959 Milwaukee Braves season, Regular season, Season highlights\nOn May 26, Harvey Haddix of the Pittsburgh Pirates pitched a perfect game through 12 innings of a game against the Braves. Haddix retired the first 36 consecutive batters, but lost the game 1\u20130 in the 13th inning. F\u00e9lix Mantilla broke up the perfect game in the 13th inning. Braves pitcher Lew Burdette also pitched a shutout for all thirteen innings, giving up 12 hits and no walks.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 63], "content_span": [64, 447]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077153-0009-0000", "contents": "1959 Milwaukee Braves season, Player stats, Batting, Starters by position\nNote: Pos = Position; G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 73], "content_span": [74, 198]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077153-0010-0000", "contents": "1959 Milwaukee Braves season, Player stats, Batting, Other batters\nNote: G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 66], "content_span": [67, 175]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077153-0011-0000", "contents": "1959 Milwaukee Braves season, Player stats, Pitching, Starting pitchers\nNote: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 71], "content_span": [72, 182]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077153-0012-0000", "contents": "1959 Milwaukee Braves season, Player stats, Pitching, Other pitchers\nNote: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 68], "content_span": [69, 179]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077153-0013-0000", "contents": "1959 Milwaukee Braves season, Player stats, Pitching, Relief pitchers\nNote: G = Games pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; SV = Saves; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 69], "content_span": [70, 170]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077154-0000-0000", "contents": "1959 Minnesota Golden Gophers football team\nThe 1959 Minnesota Golden Gophers football team represented the University of Minnesota in the 1959 Big Ten Conference football season. In their sixth year under head coach Murray Warmath, the Golden Gophers compiled a 2\u20137 record and were outscored by their opponents by a combined total of 159 to 98.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 43], "section_span": [43, 43], "content_span": [44, 345]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077154-0001-0000", "contents": "1959 Minnesota Golden Gophers football team\nEnd Tom Moe received the team's Most Valuable Player award. Tackle Mike Wright was named an Academic All-American and Academic All-Big Ten. Offensive lineman Jerome Shetler was also named Academic All-Big Ten.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 43], "section_span": [43, 43], "content_span": [44, 253]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077154-0002-0000", "contents": "1959 Minnesota Golden Gophers football team\nTotal attendance at five home games was 263,983, an average of 52,796 per game. The largest crowd was against Michigan.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 43], "section_span": [43, 43], "content_span": [44, 163]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077155-0000-0000", "contents": "1959 Mississippi Southern Southerners football team\nThe 1959 Mississippi Southern Southerners football team was an American football team that represented Mississippi Southern College (now known as the University of Southern Mississippi) as an independent during the 1959 NCAA College Division football season. In their eleventh year under head coach Thad Vann, the team compiled a 6\u20134 record.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 51], "section_span": [51, 51], "content_span": [52, 393]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077156-0000-0000", "contents": "1959 Mississippi State Maroons football team\nThe 1959 Mississippi State Maroons football team represented Mississippi State University during the 1959 NCAA University Division football season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [44, 44], "content_span": [45, 192]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077157-0000-0000", "contents": "1959 Mississippi gubernatorial election\nThe 1959 Mississippi gubernatorial election took place on November 3, 1959, in order to elect the Governor of Mississippi. Incumbent Democrat James P. Coleman was term-limited, and could not run for reelection to a second term. As was common at the time, the Democratic candidate ran unopposed in the general election so therefore the Democratic primary was the real contest, and winning the primary was considered tantamount to election.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [39, 39], "content_span": [40, 478]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077157-0001-0000", "contents": "1959 Mississippi gubernatorial election, Democratic primary\nAfter the Brown ruling about school desegregation and the 1957 Little Rock Crisis, the defense of segregation and white supremacy across the South became a paramount concern, and all candidates ran as segregationists.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 59], "content_span": [60, 277]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077157-0002-0000", "contents": "1959 Mississippi gubernatorial election, Democratic primary\nRoss Barnett, who already ran on 1951 and 1955, ran with the support of the Citizens' Councils, former Bilbo partisans and the covert help of Senator James Eastland as a \"vigorous segregationist\", as he told himself.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 59], "content_span": [60, 276]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077157-0003-0000", "contents": "1959 Mississippi gubernatorial election, Democratic primary\nSullivan was relatively more moderate on the race subject; he also ran on a promise to end prohibition. He received covert help from Eastland, who wanted to hamstrung Gartin.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 59], "content_span": [60, 234]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077157-0004-0000", "contents": "1959 Mississippi gubernatorial election, Democratic primary\nRobert Mason was a perennial candidate who ran on a white supremacy platform, promising to have money printed to fund Mississippi budget: \"They\u2019re turning out the money on those free presses. And that\u2019s good. Let\u2019em keep turning some of that free press money to Mississippi\". He opposed he end of prohibition. He said he saved money so that, every two or three years, he could either travel or run for governor, adding that he did so on the suggestion of his wife.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 59], "content_span": [60, 524]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077157-0005-0000", "contents": "1959 Mississippi gubernatorial election, Democratic primary\nNo candidate received a majority in the Democratic primary, which featured 4 contenders, so a runoff was held between the top two candidates. The runoff election was won by trial lawyer Ross Barnett, who defeated Lieutenant Governor Carroll Gartin; both ran as rabid segregationists to the dismay of the relatively more moderate incumbent Coleman, each one trying to tar the other side with association with pro-integration forces.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 59], "content_span": [60, 491]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077158-0000-0000", "contents": "1959 Missouri Tigers football team\nThe 1959 Missouri Tigers football team was an American football team that represented the University of Missouri in the Big Seven Conference (Big 7) during the 1959 NCAA University Division football season. The team compiled a 6\u20135 record (4\u20132 against Big 7 opponents), finished in second place in the Big 7, lost to Georgia in the 1960 Orange Bowl, was ranked No. 17 in the final AP Poll, and outscored opponents by a combined total of 125 to 124. Dan Devine was the head coach for the second of 13 seasons. The team played its home games at Memorial Stadium in Columbia, Missouri.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [34, 34], "content_span": [35, 616]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077158-0001-0000", "contents": "1959 Missouri Tigers football team\nThe team's statistical leaders included Mel West with 556 rushing yards and 556 yards of total offense, Phil Snowden with 415 passing yards, Russ Sloan with 128 receiving yards, and Donnie Smith with 24 point scored.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [34, 34], "content_span": [35, 251]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077159-0000-0000", "contents": "1959 Mitropa Cup\nThe 1959 Mitropa Cup was the 19th season of the Mitropa football club tournament. It was won by Honv\u00e9d who beat MTK in the two-legged final 6\u20135 on aggregate.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 16], "section_span": [16, 16], "content_span": [17, 174]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077160-0000-0000", "contents": "1959 Monaco Grand Prix\nThe 1959 Monaco Grand Prix was a Formula One motor race held at the Circuit de Monaco on 10 May 1959. It was race 1 of 9 in the 1959 World Championship of Drivers and race 1 of 8 in the 1959 International Cup for Formula One Manufacturers. It was also the 17th Monaco Grand Prix. The race was held over 100 laps of the three kilometre circuit for a race distance of 315 kilometres.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [22, 22], "content_span": [23, 404]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077160-0001-0000", "contents": "1959 Monaco Grand Prix\nThe race was won by Australian racer Jack Brabham driving a Cooper T51 for the factory Cooper Car Company team. It was the first win for Brabham, a future three-time world champion. It was the first World Championship Grand Prix victory by an Australian driver. It was also the first win for the factory Cooper team. Coopers had won races previously in the hands of Rob Walker Racing Team. Brabham finished 20 seconds ahead of British driver Tony Brooks driving a Ferrari 246. A lap down in third was the Cooper T51 of French driver and 1958 Monaco Grand Prix winner Maurice Trintignant of the Rob Walker Racing Team.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [22, 22], "content_span": [23, 640]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077161-0000-0000", "contents": "1959 Montana Grizzlies football team\nThe 1959 Montana Grizzlies football team represented the University of Montana in the 1959 NCAA University Division football season as a member of the Skyline Conference (Skyline). The Grizzlies were led by second-year head coach Ray Jenkins, played their home games at Dornblaser Field and finished the season with a record of one win and eight losses (1\u20138, 1\u20135 Skyline).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [36, 36], "content_span": [37, 409]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077162-0000-0000", "contents": "1959 Montana State Bobcats football team\nThe 1959 Montana State Bobcats football team was an American football team that represented Montana State College (now known as Montana State University) as an independent during the 1959 NCAA College Division football season. In its second season under head coach Herb Agocs, the team compiled a 6\u20133 record.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [40, 40], "content_span": [41, 349]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077163-0000-0000", "contents": "1959 Monte Carlo Rally\nThe 1959 Monte Carlo Rally was the 28th Rallye Automobile de Monte-Carlo. It was won by Paul Coltelloni.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [22, 22], "content_span": [23, 127]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077164-0000-0000", "contents": "1959 Mosul uprising\nThe 1959 Mosul Uprising was an attempted coup by Arab nationalists in Mosul who wished to depose the then Iraqi Prime Minister Abd al-Karim Qasim, and install an Arab nationalist government which would then join the Republic of Iraq with the United Arab Republic. Following the failure of the coup, law and order broke down in Mosul, which witnessed several days of violent street battles between various groups attempting to use the chaos to settle political and personal scores.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [19, 19], "content_span": [20, 500]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077164-0001-0000", "contents": "1959 Mosul uprising, Background\nDuring Qasim's term, there was much debate over whether Iraq should join the United Arab Republic, led by Gamal Abdel Nasser. The Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan had dissolved the Arab Federation after Qasim had the entire royal family in Iraq put to death, along with Prime Minister Nuri al-Said.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [21, 31], "content_span": [32, 325]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077164-0002-0000", "contents": "1959 Mosul uprising, Background\nQasim's growing ties with the Iraqi Communist Party provoked a rebellion in the northern Iraqi city of Mosul which was led by Arab nationalists in charge of military units. In an attempt to intimidate any individuals plotting a potential coup, Qasim had encouraged a Communist backed Peace Partisans rally in Mosul that was held on 6 March 1959. Some 250,000 Peace Partisans and Communists thronged Mosul's streets on 6 March, and although the rally passed peacefully, by 7 March, skirmishes had broken out between the Communists and the nationalists. This degenerated into a local civil war over the following days.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [21, 31], "content_span": [32, 648]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077164-0003-0000", "contents": "1959 Mosul uprising, Attempted coup\nQasim's attempt to stop dissent was successful to some extent, as Colonel Abdel Wahab Shawaf, the stocky 40-year-old Arab nationalist Commander of the Iraqi Army's Mosul Garrison, was discomforted by the Communists' show of force. Following clashes between the Communist Party's Popular Resistance Militia and local Nasserites which culminated in the burning down of a Nasserite restaurant, Shawaf phoned Baghdad to ask for permission to use the soldiers under his command to keep order.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [21, 35], "content_span": [36, 523]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077164-0004-0000", "contents": "1959 Mosul uprising, Attempted coup\nShawaf was given an ambiguous response by Baghdad. So Shawaf decided to try and carry out a coup d'\u00e9tat on 7 March. Shawaf was supported in this endeavour by other disgruntled Free Officers, who were primarily from prominent Arab Sunni families and who opposed Qasim's growing relationship with the Iraqi Communist Party. Shawaf ordered the fifth brigade, which was under his command, to round up 300 members of the Communist Peace Partisans, including their leader, Kamil Kazanchi, a well known Baghdad lawyer and politician, who was executed.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [21, 35], "content_span": [36, 580]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077164-0005-0000", "contents": "1959 Mosul uprising, Attempted coup\nShawaf sent word to other northern Iraqi Army commanders in an effort to convince them to join his attempted coup. He kidnapped a British technician and portable radio transmitter from the Iraq Petroleum Company and took over Radio Mosul, which he attempted to use to encourage Iraqis to rise up against Qasim. Shawaf also sent word to sympathetic local tribesmen, including the Shammar, of whom thousands then travelled to Mosul to show their support.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [21, 35], "content_span": [36, 488]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077164-0006-0000", "contents": "1959 Mosul uprising, Attempted coup\nOn the morning of 8 March, Shawaf sent two Furies to Baghdad on an aerial bombing raid. The crew of the aircraft had been ordered to bomb the headquarters of Radio Baghdad. The raid was a failure, with the planes doing little damage. In response, Qasim sent four Iraqi Air Force planes to attack Shawaf's headquarters, situated on a bluff above Mosul. The attack on the headquarters killed six or seven officers, and wounded Shawaf. Whilst Shawaf was bandaging himself, he was killed by one of his sergeants who believed the coup had failed.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [21, 35], "content_span": [36, 577]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077164-0007-0000", "contents": "1959 Mosul uprising, Ensuing violence\nAlthough Shawaf was dead, the violence was not yet over. Mosul soon became a scene of score settling between rebel and loyalist soldiers, alongside Communists and Arab nationalists. Bedouin tribesmen who had been called on by Shawaf prior to his death to support the coup also engaged in pillaging, and the violence within Mosul was also used as a cover by some to settle private scores. Shawaf's body was beaten and dragged through the streets of Mosul before being thrown in a car and taken to Baghdad.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [21, 37], "content_span": [38, 542]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077164-0008-0000", "contents": "1959 Mosul uprising, Ensuing violence\nThree pro-government Kurdish tribes moved into Mosul and fought the Arab Shammar tribesmen, their long time opponents who had rallied around Shawaf. Sheik Ahmed Ajil, the chief of the Shammars was spotted by Kurdish militiamen in his car and was killed, along with his driver, and both were later hung naked from a bridge over the Tigris.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [21, 37], "content_span": [38, 376]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077164-0009-0000", "contents": "1959 Mosul uprising, Ensuing violence\nBy the fourth day government troops had begun to impose order and began clearing the roads as well as removing naked and mutilated bodies which had been strung up from lamp posts. The total dead was estimated at approximately 500.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [21, 37], "content_span": [38, 268]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077164-0010-0000", "contents": "1959 Mosul uprising, Aftermath\nAlthough the rebellion was crushed by the military, it had a number of adverse effects that was to affect Qasim's position. First, it increased the power of the communists. Second, it encouraged the ideas of the Ba\u2019ath Party's (which had been steadily growing since the 14 July coup). The Ba\u2019ath Party believed that the only way of halting the engulfing tide of communism was to assassinate Qasim.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [21, 30], "content_span": [31, 428]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077164-0011-0000", "contents": "1959 Mosul uprising, Aftermath\nOf the 16 members of Qasim's cabinet, 12 of them were Ba'ath Party members. However, the party turned against Qasim due to his refusal to join Gamel Abdel Nasser's United Arab Republic. To strengthen his own position within the government, Qasim created an alliance with the Iraqi Communist Party, which was opposed to any notion of pan-Arabism. By later that year, the Ba'ath Party leadership was planning to assassinate Qasim. Saddam Hussein was a leading member of the operation. At the time, the Ba'ath Party was more of an ideological experiment then a strong anti-government fighting machine.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [21, 30], "content_span": [31, 629]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077164-0011-0001", "contents": "1959 Mosul uprising, Aftermath\nThe majority of its members were either educated professionals or students, and Saddam fitted in well. The choice of Saddam was, according to historian Con Coughlin, \"hardly surprising\". The idea of assassinating Qasim may have been Nasser's, and there is speculation that some of those who participated in the operation received training in Damascus, which was then part of the UAR. However, \"no evidence has ever been produced to implicate Nasser directly in the plot.\"", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [21, 30], "content_span": [31, 502]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077164-0012-0000", "contents": "1959 Mosul uprising, Aftermath\nThe assassins planned to ambush Qasim at Al-Rashid Street on 7 October 1959: one man was to kill those sitting at the back of  the car, the rest killing those in front. During the ambush it is claimed that Saddam began shooting prematurely, which disorganised the whole operation. Qasim's chauffeur was killed, and Qasim was hit in the arm and shoulder. The assassins believed they had killed him and quickly retreated to their headquarters, but Qasim survived.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [21, 30], "content_span": [31, 492]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077164-0013-0000", "contents": "1959 Mosul uprising, Aftermath\nThe growing influence of communism was felt throughout 1959. A communist-sponsored purge of the armed forces was carried out in the wake of the Mosul revolt. The Iraqi cabinet began to shift towards the radical-left as several communist sympathisers gained posts in the cabinet. Iraq's foreign policy began to reflect this communist influence, as Qasim removed Iraq from the Baghdad Pact on 24 March, and later fostered closer ties with the USSR, including extensive economic agreements. However communist successes encouraged attempts to expand on their position. The communists attempted to replicate their success at Mosul in similar fashion at Kirkuk. A rally was called for 14 July. This was intended to intimidate conservative elements. Instead, it resulted in widespread bloodshed. Qasim consequently cooled relations with the communists signalling a reduction (although by no means a cessation) of their influence in the Iraqi government.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [21, 30], "content_span": [31, 977]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077164-0014-0000", "contents": "1959 Mosul uprising, Aftermath\nQasim and his supporters accused the UAR of having supported the rebels, and the uprising resulted in an intensification of the ongoing Iraq-UAR propaganda war, with the UAR press accusing Qasim of having sold out the ideas of Arab nationalism. The disagreements between Qasim and Cairo also highlighted the fact that the UAR had failed to become the single voice of Arab nationalism, and the UAR had to recognize that many Iraqis were unwilling to recognise Cairo's leadership, thereby revealing the limits of Nasser's power to other Arab governments.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [21, 30], "content_span": [31, 583]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077164-0015-0000", "contents": "1959 Mosul uprising, Extent of UAR involvement\nAlthough the attempted coup may have been driven in part by Arab nationalist sentiment and a desire to join the United Arab Republic, the exact extent of UAR involvement in the coup has largely been unclear. Shawaf kept in close contact with the UAR during the development of the attempted coup, with some claiming that the UAR ambassador in Baghdad acted as an intermediary between the UAR and the rebels. There is also evidence that suggests that Radio Mosul may have been transmitting from the Syrian side of the border.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [21, 46], "content_span": [47, 570]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077165-0000-0000", "contents": "1959 Motocross World Championship\nThe 1959 Motocross Worl Championship was the 3rd edition of the Motocross World Championship organized by the FIM and reserved for 500cc motorcycles.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [33, 33], "content_span": [34, 183]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077165-0001-0000", "contents": "1959 Motocross World Championship\nAfter five editions of the European Championship, from 1952 to 1956, the championship from 1957 took the name of the World Championship, at least for the 500cc class. The 250cc class, introduced this season, will also dispute five running-in seasons, from 1957 to 1961, a period in which it will take on the name of the European Cup, to become World Championship as well starting from the 1962 season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [33, 33], "content_span": [34, 435]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077165-0002-0000", "contents": "1959 Motocross World Championship, Final standings\nFrom April to August the 500cc didputed 11 grand prix were held which awarded points to the first six classified, respectively: 8, 6, 4, 3, 2, 1. The score in the final classification of each rider was calculated on the best four results.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 50], "content_span": [51, 289]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077166-0000-0000", "contents": "1959 NAIA Men's Basketball Tournament\nThe 1959 NAIA Men's Basketball Tournament was held in March at Municipal Auditorium in Kansas City, Missouri. The 22nd annual NAIA basketball tournament featured 32 teams playing in a single-elimination format. The 1959 Tournament is the first tournament to use the 16-seed system, which was used until the 2015.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [37, 37], "content_span": [38, 350]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077166-0001-0000", "contents": "1959 NAIA Men's Basketball Tournament\nThe championship game again featured Tennessee State University. The Tigers defeated the Lutes of Pacific Lutheran University. It would be the first time any school would win three consecutive tournaments; a feat only repeated once, by Kentucky State, in 1970, 1971, and 1972. It was also the first tournament that didn't feature an upset in the championship game and first time a \"true\" number 1 seed won the tournament since seeding began in 1957.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [37, 37], "content_span": [38, 487]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077166-0002-0000", "contents": "1959 NAIA Men's Basketball Tournament, Awards and honors\nMany of the records set by the 1959 tournament have been broken, and many of the awards were established much later:", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [39, 56], "content_span": [57, 173]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077166-0003-0000", "contents": "1959 NAIA Men's Basketball Tournament, 1959 NAIA bracket, 3rd place game\nThe third place game featured the losing teams from the national semifinalist to determine 3rd and 4th places in the tournament. This game was played until 1988.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [39, 72], "content_span": [73, 234]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077167-0000-0000", "contents": "1959 NAIA Soccer Championship\nThe 1959 NAIA Soccer Championship was the inaugural tournament held by the NAIA to determine the national champion of men's college soccer among its members in the United States.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [29, 29], "content_span": [30, 208]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077167-0001-0000", "contents": "1959 NAIA Soccer Championship\nPratt defeated Elizabethtown in the championship match, 4\u20133 (after two overtime periods), to win their first NAIA national title. The final was played at Slippery Rock State College in Slippery Rock, Pennsylvania.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [29, 29], "content_span": [30, 243]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077168-0000-0000", "contents": "1959 NAIA football season\nThe 1959 NAIA football season was the fourth season of college football sponsored by the National Association of Intercollegiate Athletics. The season was played from August to December 1959, culminating in the fourth annual NAIA Football National Championship, played this year again at Stewart Field in St. Petersburg, Florida. During its four years in St. Petersburg, the game was called the Holiday Bowl.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [25, 25], "content_span": [26, 434]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077168-0001-0000", "contents": "1959 NAIA football season\nTexas A&I defeated Lenoir\u2013Rhyne in the championship game, 20\u20137, to win their first NAIA national title.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [25, 25], "content_span": [26, 129]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077169-0000-0000", "contents": "1959 NASCAR Grand National Series\nThe 1959 NASCAR Grand National Series was the 11th season of professional stock car racing in the United States. The season, which began on November 9, 1958 in Fayetteville, North Carolina, was contested over 44 races. The season ended at  Concord Speedway  in Concord, North Carolina, on October 25, 1959. Lee Petty was the drivers' champion, while his son, Richard Petty won the NASCAR Rookie of the Year award. Chevrolet won the Manufacturers' Championship. It was also the last season without NASCAR legend David Pearson until 1987.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [33, 33], "content_span": [34, 570]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077170-0000-0000", "contents": "1959 NBA All-Star Game\nThe 1959 NBA All Star Game was the ninth NBA All-Star Game.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [22, 22], "content_span": [23, 82]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077171-0000-0000", "contents": "1959 NBA Finals\nThe 1959 NBA World Championship Series was the championship series of the 1958\u201359 National Basketball Association season, and was the conclusion of the 1959 NBA Playoffs. The best-of-seven series was played between the Western Division champion Minneapolis Lakers and the Eastern Division champion Boston Celtics. It was Boston's third trip to the NBA Finals and Minneapolis's sixth. The Boston Celtics swept the Lakers 4\u20130. That was the start of the skein of the Celtics' eight consecutive championships, from 1959\u20131966. To date, this is the most recent time that an NBA team from Minnesota appeared in an NBA Finals, as well as the first of two times in NBA history that a team with a losing record made the NBA Finals (the other was in 1981).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 15], "section_span": [15, 15], "content_span": [16, 761]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077172-0000-0000", "contents": "1959 NBA draft\nThe 1959 NBA draft was the 13th annual draft of the National Basketball Association (NBA). The draft was held on March 31, 1959, before the 1959\u201360 season. In this draft, eight NBA teams took turns selecting amateur U.S. college basketball players. In each round, the teams select in reverse order of their win\u2013loss record in the previous season. The draft consisted of 14 rounds comprising 85 players selected.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [14, 14], "content_span": [15, 426]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077172-0001-0000", "contents": "1959 NBA draft, Draft selections and draftee career notes\nBob Boozer from Kansas State University was selected first overall by the Cincinnati Royals. Wilt Chamberlain and Bob Ferry were selected before the draft as Philadelphia Warriors' and St. Louis Hawks' territorial picks respectively. Although Chamberlain played at the University of Kansas, outside the territory of any NBA team, he was selected as the Warriors' territorial pick because the Warriors argued that Chamberlain had grown up in Philadelphia and played high school basketball at Overbrook High School in Philadelphia. The NBA agreed with the argument, hence making him the first territorial pick based solely on his pre-college roots. Chamberlain went on to win the Rookie of the Year Award and the Most Valuable Player Award in his first season. Two players from this draft, Wilt Chamberlain and Bailey Howell, have been inducted to the Basketball Hall of Fame.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [16, 57], "content_span": [58, 932]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077172-0002-0000", "contents": "1959 NBA draft, Notes\n^\u00a01:\u00a0Wilt Chamberlain was playing for the University of Kansas until May 1958, when he decided to leave college early to play professional basketball. However, the NBA rules prevented college players from playing in the league until their class graduated, therefore Chamberlain wasn't eligible to play in the 1958\u201359 season. He spent the 1958\u201359 season playing for the Harlem Globetrotters prior to the 1959 draft.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [16, 21], "content_span": [22, 436]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077173-0000-0000", "contents": "1959 NBA playoffs\nThe 1959 NBA playoffs was the postseason tournament of the National Basketball Association's 1958-59 season. The tournament concluded with the Eastern Division champion Boston Celtics defeating the Western Division champion Minneapolis Lakers 4 games to 0 in the NBA Finals. It was the Celtics' second NBA championship.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [17, 17], "content_span": [18, 337]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077173-0001-0000", "contents": "1959 NBA playoffs\nThis was the first NBA Finals matchup between the Lakers and Celtics; as of 2020, they have met in the Finals 12 times. Boston won the first eight NBA Finals series of the rivalry, spanning 3 decades \u2013 the 1950s, 1960s and 1980s \u2013 before the Lakers finally defeated Boston for the title in 1985 and again in 1987. Boston again topped the Lakers in 2008, but the Lakers gained revenge in 2010.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [17, 17], "content_span": [18, 410]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077173-0002-0000", "contents": "1959 NBA playoffs\nThis was the only Celtics/Lakers NBA Finals series that took place while the Lakers were based in Minneapolis, Minnesota. They remained in Minneapolis one more year before moving to their current home of Los Angeles, California.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [17, 17], "content_span": [18, 246]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077173-0003-0000", "contents": "1959 NBA playoffs, Bracket\nBold Series winnerItalic Team with home-court advantage in NBA Finals", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 26], "content_span": [27, 96]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077173-0004-0000", "contents": "1959 NBA playoffs, Division Semifinals, Eastern Division Semifinals, (2) New York Knicks vs. (3) Syracuse Nationals\nThis was the fifth playoff meeting between these two teams, with both teams splitting the first four meetings.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 115], "content_span": [116, 226]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077173-0005-0000", "contents": "1959 NBA playoffs, Division Semifinals, Western Division Semifinals, (2) Minneapolis Lakers vs. (3) Detroit Pistons\nThis was the sixth playoff meeting between these two teams, with the Lakers winning four of the first five meetings while the Pistons were based in Fort Wayne.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 115], "content_span": [116, 275]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077173-0006-0000", "contents": "1959 NBA playoffs, Division Finals, Eastern Division Finals, (1) Boston Celtics vs. (3) Syracuse Nationals\nThis was the seventh playoff meeting between these two teams, with the Nationals winning four of the first six meetings.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 106], "content_span": [107, 227]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077173-0007-0000", "contents": "1959 NBA playoffs, Division Finals, Western Division Finals, (1) St. Louis Hawks vs. (2) Minneapolis Lakers\nThis was the third playoff meeting between these two teams, with the Hawks winning the first two meetings.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 107], "content_span": [108, 214]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077173-0008-0000", "contents": "1959 NBA playoffs, NBA Finals: (E1) Boston Celtics vs. (W2) Minneapolis Lakers\nThis was the first playoff meeting between these two teams.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 78], "content_span": [79, 138]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077174-0000-0000", "contents": "1959 NC State Wolfpack football team\nThe 1959 NC State Wolfpack football team represented North Carolina State University during the 1959 NCAA University Division football season. The Wolfpack were led by sixth-year head coach Earle Edwards and played their home games at Riddick Stadium in Raleigh, North Carolina. They competed as members of the Atlantic Coast Conference, finishing in last with an 0\u20136 conference record.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [36, 36], "content_span": [37, 423]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077175-0000-0000", "contents": "1959 NCAA College Division Basketball Tournament\nThe 1959 NCAA College Division Basketball Tournament involved 32 schools playing in a single-elimination tournament to determine the national champion of men's basketball in the NCAA\u00a0College Division, predecessor to today's NCAA Divisions II and III, as a culmination of the 1958\u201359 NCAA College Division men's basketball season. It was won by the University of Evansville, and Evansville's Hugh Ahlering was named Most Outstanding Player.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 48], "section_span": [48, 48], "content_span": [49, 488]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077176-0000-0000", "contents": "1959 NCAA College Division football rankings\nThe 1959 NCAA College Division football rankings are from the United Press International poll of College Division head coaches. The 1959 NCAA College Division football season was the second year UPI published a poll in what was termed the \"Small College\" division. The Associated Press did not start their version of the poll until 1960. The Top 10 included the team's record while the \"Second 10\" did not.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [44, 44], "content_span": [45, 451]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077177-0000-0000", "contents": "1959 NCAA College Division football season\nThe 1959 NCAA College Division football season was the fourth season of college football in the United States organized by the National Collegiate Athletic Association at the NCAA College Division level.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 42], "section_span": [42, 42], "content_span": [43, 246]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077177-0001-0000", "contents": "1959 NCAA College Division football season, Rankings, Small college poll\nIn 1959, United Press International (UPI) conducted its \"small college\" coaches' poll for the second time; they voted the Bowling Green Falcons, who had a 9\u20130 record and outscored their opponents 274\u201383, as the number one team.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 42], "section_span": [44, 72], "content_span": [73, 300]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077178-0000-0000", "contents": "1959 NCAA Golf Championship\nThe 1959 NCAA Golf Championship was the 21st annual NCAA-sanctioned golf tournament to determine the individual and team national champions of men's collegiate golf in the United States.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [27, 27], "content_span": [28, 214]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077178-0001-0000", "contents": "1959 NCAA Golf Championship\nThe tournament was held at Eugene Country Club in Eugene, Oregon, hosted by the University of Oregon.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [27, 27], "content_span": [28, 129]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077178-0002-0000", "contents": "1959 NCAA Golf Championship\nThree-time defending champions Houston won the team title, the Cougars' fourth NCAA team national title.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [27, 27], "content_span": [28, 132]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077179-0000-0000", "contents": "1959 NCAA Men's Basketball All-Americans\nThe consensus 1959 College Basketball All-American team, as determined by aggregating the results of five major All-American teams. To earn \"consensus\" status, a player must win honors from a majority of the following teams: the Associated Press, the USBWA, The United Press International, the National Association of Basketball Coaches, and the Newspaper Enterprise Association (NEA).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [40, 40], "content_span": [41, 426]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077180-0000-0000", "contents": "1959 NCAA Men's Ice Hockey Tournament\nThe 1959 NCAA Men's Ice Hockey Tournament was the culmination of the 1958\u201359 NCAA men's ice hockey season, the 12th such tournament in NCAA history. It was held between March 12 and 14, 1959, and concluded with North Dakota defeating Michigan State 4-3 in overtime. All games were played at the RPI Field House in Troy, New York.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [37, 37], "content_span": [38, 367]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077180-0001-0000", "contents": "1959 NCAA Men's Ice Hockey Tournament\nThis was the last tournament to be won by an independent school. (as of 2016)", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [37, 37], "content_span": [38, 115]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077180-0002-0000", "contents": "1959 NCAA Men's Ice Hockey Tournament, Qualifying teams\nFour teams qualified for the tournament, two each from the eastern and western regions. The Big Ten and Tri-State League champions received bids into the tournament as did two independent schools.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [39, 55], "content_span": [56, 252]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077180-0003-0000", "contents": "1959 NCAA Men's Ice Hockey Tournament, Format\nThe Tri-State League champion was seeded as the top eastern team while the Big Ten champion was given the top western seed. The second eastern seed was slotted to play the top western seed and vice versa. All games were played at the RPI Field House. All matches were Single-game eliminations with the semifinal winners advancing to the national championship game and the losers playing in a consolation game.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [39, 45], "content_span": [46, 455]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077181-0000-0000", "contents": "1959 NCAA Skiing Championships\nThe 1959 NCAA Skiing Championships were contested in Winter Park, Colorado at the sixth annual NCAA-sanctioned ski tournament to determine the individual and team national champions of men's collegiate alpine, cross country skiing, and ski jumping in the United States.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [30, 30], "content_span": [31, 300]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077181-0001-0000", "contents": "1959 NCAA Skiing Championships\nColorado, coached by Bob Beattie, captured their first national championship, edging out rival Denver in the team standings.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [30, 30], "content_span": [31, 155]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077181-0002-0000", "contents": "1959 NCAA Skiing Championships\nThe sole repeat individual champion was Denver's Clarence Servold, in cross country.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [30, 30], "content_span": [31, 115]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077181-0003-0000", "contents": "1959 NCAA Skiing Championships, Venue\nThis year's championships were held March 27\u201329 in Colorado at Winter Park, west of Denver.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 37], "content_span": [38, 129]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077181-0004-0000", "contents": "1959 NCAA Skiing Championships, Venue\nThese were the second NCAA championships at Winter Park (and in Colorado), which previously hosted in 1956.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 37], "content_span": [38, 145]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077182-0000-0000", "contents": "1959 NCAA Soccer Tournament\nThe 1959 NCAA Soccer Tournament was the inaugural men's college soccer tournament organized by the NCAA to determine the top men's collegiate soccer team in the United States.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [27, 27], "content_span": [28, 203]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077182-0001-0000", "contents": "1959 NCAA Soccer Tournament\nThe inaugural championship was played on November 28, 1959 at Memorial Stadium at the University of Connecticut in Storrs.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [27, 27], "content_span": [28, 150]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077182-0002-0000", "contents": "1959 NCAA Soccer Tournament\nSaint Louis defeated Bridgeport in the final, 2\u20130, to claim the inaugural title.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [27, 27], "content_span": [28, 108]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077183-0000-0000", "contents": "1959 NCAA Swimming and Diving Championships\nThe 1959 NCAA Swimming and Diving Championships were contested on March 26\u221228, 1959 at Teagle Pool at Cornell University in Ithaca, New York at the 23rd annual officially NCAA-sanctioned swim meet to determine the team and individual national champions of men's collegiate swimming and diving in the United States. Including the championships held before NCAA sponsorship in 1937, this was the 36th collegiate championship overall.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 43], "section_span": [43, 43], "content_span": [44, 475]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077183-0001-0000", "contents": "1959 NCAA Swimming and Diving Championships\nMichigan once again retained the national title, the Wolverines' ninth (and third consecutive), after finishing a record ninety-three points ahead of Ohio State in the team standings.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 43], "section_span": [43, 43], "content_span": [44, 227]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077184-0000-0000", "contents": "1959 NCAA Tennis Championships\nThe 1959 NCAA Tennis Championships were the 14th annual NCAA-sponsored tournaments to determine the national champions of men's singles, doubles, and team collegiate tennis in the United States.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [30, 30], "content_span": [31, 225]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077184-0001-0000", "contents": "1959 NCAA Tennis Championships\nNotre Dame and Tulane shared the team championship, the first such title for both the Fighting Irish and the Green Wave. Both teams finished with 8 points in the final team standings.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [30, 30], "content_span": [31, 214]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077184-0002-0000", "contents": "1959 NCAA Tennis Championships, Host site\nThis year's tournaments were contested at Northwestern University in Evanston, Illinois.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 41], "content_span": [42, 130]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077184-0003-0000", "contents": "1959 NCAA Tennis Championships, Team scoring\nUntil 1977, the men's team championship was determined by points awarded based on individual performances in the singles and doubles events.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 44], "content_span": [45, 185]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077185-0000-0000", "contents": "1959 NCAA Track and Field Championships\nThe 1959 NCAA Track and Field Championships were contested June 12\u221213 at the 38th annual NCAA-sanctioned track meet to determine the individual and team national champions of men's collegiate track and field events in the United States. This year's meet was hosted by the University of Nebraska at Memorial Stadium in Lincoln.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [39, 39], "content_span": [40, 366]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077185-0001-0000", "contents": "1959 NCAA Track and Field Championships\nKansas won the team national championship, the Jayhawks' first team title.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [39, 39], "content_span": [40, 114]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077186-0000-0000", "contents": "1959 NCAA University Division Baseball Tournament\nThe 1959 NCAA University Division Baseball Tournament was played at the end of the 1959 NCAA University Division baseball season to determine the national champion of college baseball. The tournament concluded with eight teams competing in the College World Series, a double-elimination tournament in its thirteenth year. Eight regional districts sent representatives to the College World Series with preliminary rounds within each district serving to determine each representative. These events would later become known as regionals.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 49], "section_span": [49, 49], "content_span": [50, 584]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077186-0000-0001", "contents": "1959 NCAA University Division Baseball Tournament\nEach district had its own format for selecting teams, resulting in 22 teams participating in the tournament at the conclusion of their regular season, and in some cases, after a conference tournament. The College World Series was held in Omaha, NE from June 12 to June 18. The thirteenth tournament's champion was Oklahoma State, coached by Toby Greene. The Most Outstanding Player was Jim Dobson of Oklahoma State.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 49], "section_span": [49, 49], "content_span": [50, 465]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077187-0000-0000", "contents": "1959 NCAA University Division Basketball Tournament\nThe 1959 NCAA University Division Basketball Tournament involved 23 schools playing in single-elimination play to determine the national champion of men's NCAA Division I college basketball in the United States. It began on March 7, 1959, and ended with the championship game on March 21 in Louisville, Kentucky. A total of 27 games were played, including a third place game in each region and a national third place game.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 51], "section_span": [51, 51], "content_span": [52, 474]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077187-0001-0000", "contents": "1959 NCAA University Division Basketball Tournament\nCalifornia, coached by Pete Newell, won the national title with a 71\u201370 victory in the final game over West Virginia, coached by Fred Schaus. Jerry West of West Virginia was named the tournament's Most Outstanding Player.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 51], "section_span": [51, 51], "content_span": [52, 273]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077187-0002-0000", "contents": "1959 NCAA University Division Basketball Tournament, Locations\nFor the second straight year, Freedom Hall in Louisville hosted the Final Four. The tournament saw two new venues, both used in the first round. The city of Portland hosted the tournament for the first time, hosting at the Pacific International Livestock Exposition. It would be the only time the building would host, as the Memorial Coliseum would open the next year. The state of New Mexico hosted the tournament for the first time, with New Mexico A&M hosting games at its home arena at the time, the Las Cruces High School Arena.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 51], "section_span": [53, 62], "content_span": [63, 596]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077187-0002-0001", "contents": "1959 NCAA University Division Basketball Tournament, Locations\nThis would mark the third time in three years a high school hosted the tournament, and the last time it would happen. The next time the Aggies would host the tournament would be at their own on-campus arena, the Pan American Center. All other venues, and all nine host cities, would host tournament games again in the future.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 51], "section_span": [53, 62], "content_span": [63, 388]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077187-0003-0000", "contents": "1959 NCAA University Division Basketball Tournament, Teams\nMississippi State qualified for the tournament but university president Benjamin F. Hilbun supported the social degradation of African-American citizens and would not permit the team to participate in the tournament where they would face African-American players.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 51], "section_span": [53, 58], "content_span": [59, 322]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077188-0000-0000", "contents": "1959 NCAA University Division Cross Country Championships\nThe 1959 NCAA University Division Cross Country Championships were the 21st annual cross country meet to determine the team and individual national champions of men's collegiate cross country running in the United States. Held on November 23, 1959, the meet was hosted by Michigan State University at the Forest Akers East Golf Course in East Lansing, Michigan. The distance for the race was 4 miles (6.4 kilometers).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 57], "section_span": [57, 57], "content_span": [58, 475]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077188-0001-0000", "contents": "1959 NCAA University Division Cross Country Championships\nAll NCAA University Division members were eligible to qualify for the meet. In total, 13 teams and 113 individual runners contested this championship.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 57], "section_span": [57, 57], "content_span": [58, 208]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077188-0002-0000", "contents": "1959 NCAA University Division Cross Country Championships\nThe team national championship was won by the Michigan State Spartans, their eighth. The individual championship was won by Al Lawrence, from Houston, with a time of 20:35.94.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 57], "section_span": [57, 57], "content_span": [58, 233]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077189-0000-0000", "contents": "1959 NCAA University Division baseball rankings\nThe following poll makes up the 1959 NCAA University Division baseball rankings. Collegiate Baseball Newspaper published its first human poll of the top 20 teams in college baseball in 1957, however 1959 is the first season for which records are available.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 47], "section_span": [47, 47], "content_span": [48, 304]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077189-0001-0000", "contents": "1959 NCAA University Division baseball rankings, Collegiate Baseball\nCurrently, only the final poll from the 1959 season is available.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 47], "section_span": [49, 68], "content_span": [69, 134]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077190-0000-0000", "contents": "1959 NCAA University Division baseball season\nThe 1959 NCAA University Division baseball season, play of college baseball in the United States organized by the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) began in the spring of 1959. The season progressed through the regular season and concluded with the 1959 College World Series. The College World Series, held for the thirteenth time in 1959, consisted of one team from each of eight geographical districts and was held in Omaha, Nebraska at Johnny Rosenblatt Stadium as a double-elimination tournament. Oklahoma State claimed the championship.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 45], "section_span": [45, 45], "content_span": [46, 601]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077190-0001-0000", "contents": "1959 NCAA University Division baseball season, Conference winners\nThis is a partial list of conference champions from the 1959 season. Each of the eight geographical districts chose, by various methods, the team that would represent them in the NCAA Tournament. 10 teams earned automatic bids by winning their conference championship while 12 teams earned at-large selections.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 45], "section_span": [47, 65], "content_span": [66, 376]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077190-0002-0000", "contents": "1959 NCAA University Division baseball season, College World Series\nThe 1959 season marked the thirteenth NCAA Baseball Tournament, which culminated with the eight team College World Series. The College World Series was held in Omaha, Nebraska. The eight teams played a double-elimination format, with Oklahoma State claiming their second championship with a 5\u20133 win over Arizona in the final.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 45], "section_span": [47, 67], "content_span": [68, 393]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077191-0000-0000", "contents": "1959 NCAA University Division football rankings\nTwo human polls comprised the 1959 NCAA University Division football rankings. Unlike most sports, college football's governing body, the NCAA, does not bestow a national championship, instead that title is bestowed by one or more different polling agencies. There are two main weekly polls that begin in the preseason\u2014the AP Poll and the Coaches' Poll.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 47], "section_span": [47, 47], "content_span": [48, 401]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077191-0001-0000", "contents": "1959 NCAA University Division football rankings, AP Poll\nThe final AP Poll was released on December 7, at the end of the 1959 regular season, weeks before the major bowls.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 47], "section_span": [49, 56], "content_span": [57, 171]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077191-0002-0000", "contents": "1959 NCAA University Division football rankings, Final Coaches' poll\nThe final UPI Coaches Poll was released prior to the bowl games, on December 8. Syracuse received 31 of the 35 first-place votes; Mississippi received three and Washington one.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 47], "section_span": [49, 68], "content_span": [69, 245]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077192-0000-0000", "contents": "1959 NCAA University Division football season\nThe 1959 NCAA University Division football season saw Syracuse University crowned as the national champion by both final polls, the AP writers poll and the UPI coaches polls.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 45], "section_span": [45, 45], "content_span": [46, 220]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077192-0001-0000", "contents": "1959 NCAA University Division football season\nA major rule change widened the goal posts from 18\u00a0ft 6\u00a0in (5.64\u00a0m) to 23\u00a0ft 4\u00a0in (7.11\u00a0m). This width remained in effect for 32 seasons, until the 1991 season, when it was returned to 18\u00bd feet. During the 20th century, the NCAA had no playoff for the major college football teams in the University Division, later known as Division I-A. The NCAA did recognize a national champion based upon the final results of \"wire service\" (AP and UPI) polls.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 45], "section_span": [45, 45], "content_span": [46, 493]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077192-0001-0001", "contents": "1959 NCAA University Division football season\nThe extent of that recognition came in the form of acknowledgment in the annual NCAA Football Guide of the \"unofficial\" national champions. The AP poll in 1959 consisted of the votes of as many as 201 sportswriters. Though not all writers voted in every poll, each would give their opinion of the twenty best teams. Under a point system of 20 points for first place, 19 for second, etc., the \"overall\" ranking was determined.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 45], "section_span": [45, 45], "content_span": [46, 471]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077192-0001-0002", "contents": "1959 NCAA University Division football season\nAlthough the rankings were based on the collective opinion of the representative sportswriters, the teams that remained \"unbeaten and untied\" were generally ranked higher than those that had not. A defeat, even against a strong opponent, tended to cause a team to drop in the rankings, and a team with two or more defeats was unlikely to remain in the Top 20. The top teams played on New Year's Day in the four major postseason bowl games: the Rose Bowl (near Los Angeles at Pasadena), the Sugar Bowl (New Orleans), the Orange Bowl (Miami), and the Cotton Bowl (Dallas).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 45], "section_span": [45, 45], "content_span": [46, 616]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077192-0002-0000", "contents": "1959 NCAA University Division football season, September\nIn the preseason poll released on September 14, the defending champion LSU Tigers were ranked first, followed by Oklahoma, Auburn, SMU, and Army. With more than 100 sportswriters weighing in, eighteen different schools received first place votes. Syracuse was ranked No. 20 overall. As the regular season progressed, a new poll would be issued on the Monday following the weekend's games.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 45], "section_span": [47, 56], "content_span": [57, 445]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077192-0003-0000", "contents": "1959 NCAA University Division football season, September\nOn September 19, No. 1 LSU beat Rice at home, 26\u20133. Oklahoma, Auburn, SMU, and Army had not yet opened their seasons; SMU and Army fell to No. 6 and No. 7 . No. 8 Mississippi, which won 16\u20130 at Houston and rose to 4th in the poll. No. 18 Clemson moved up 5th after its 20\u201318 win at North Carolina. Three of the Top Five schools were from the SEC: 1.LSU 2.Oklahoma 3.Auburn 4.Mississippi 5.Clemson", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 45], "section_span": [47, 56], "content_span": [57, 453]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077192-0004-0000", "contents": "1959 NCAA University Division football season, September\nSeptember 26 No. 1 LSU beat TCU at home, 10\u20130. No. 2 Oklahoma lost its opener, falling 45\u201313 at No. 10 Northwestern, and dropped out of the Top 20 entirely, while Northwestern took its place. No. 3 Auburn lost at Tennessee 3\u20130 and fell to 17th place in the next poll. No. 4 Mississippi recorded another 16\u20130 win, this time at Kentucky, and rose to third. No. 5 Clemson won at 47\u20130 at Virginia, but fell to 6th. No. 7 Army returned to the Top 5 after its 44\u20138 win over Boston College. No. 13 Iowa, which had won at California 42\u201312, rose to fifth. The poll was 1.LSU 2.Northwestern 3.Mississippi 4.Army 5.Iowa", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 45], "section_span": [47, 56], "content_span": [57, 665]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077192-0005-0000", "contents": "1959 NCAA University Division football season, October\nOctober 3 No. 1 LSU and Baylor met at a game in Shreveport, with LSU winning 22\u20130. No. 2 Northwestern won at No. 5 Iowa, 14\u201310. No. 3 Mississippi registered a third shutout, beating Memphis State 43\u20130, but fell to fifth. No. 4 Army lost at Illinois, 20\u201314, and fell out of the Top 20 completely. No. 7 Georgia Tech which went to 3\u20130 after a 16\u20136 win over No. 6 Clemson, rose to 3rd in the poll. No. 10 Texas rose to fourth after its third shutout in a row, a 33\u20130 walloping of California. The poll was: 1.LSU 2.Northwestern 3.Georgia Tech 4.Texas 5.Mississippi", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 45], "section_span": [47, 54], "content_span": [55, 615]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077192-0006-0000", "contents": "1959 NCAA University Division football season, October\nOctober 10 No. 1 LSU beat the visiting Miami Hurricanes 27\u20133. No. 2 Northwestern beat Minnesota 6\u20130. No. 3 Georgia Tech won at Tennessee, 14\u20137. In Dallas, No. 4 Texas defeated Oklahoma 19\u201312. No. 5 Mississippi won at Vanderbilt, 33\u20130. In four games, Ole Miss was 4\u20130 and had outscored its opponents 108\u20130. The next poll was: 1.LSU 2.Northwestern 3.Texas 4.Georgia Tech 5.Mississippi", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 45], "section_span": [47, 54], "content_span": [55, 437]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077192-0007-0000", "contents": "1959 NCAA University Division football season, October\nOn October 17, No. 1 LSU won at Kentucky, 9\u20130. No. 2 Northwestern won at Michigan 20\u20137. No. 3 Texas narrowly beat Arkansas 13\u201312 in Little Rock. No. 4 Georgia Tech lost to Auburn, 7\u20136. No. 5 Mississippi yielded some points for the first time in the season, but beat Tulane 53\u20137. The No. 7 USC Trojans rose to 5th after beating Washington in Seattle, 22\u201315. The poll was: 1.LSU 2.Northwestern 3.Texas 4.Mississippi 5.USC", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 45], "section_span": [47, 54], "content_span": [55, 474]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077192-0008-0000", "contents": "1959 NCAA University Division football season, October\nOctober 24 No. 1 LSU recorded its fourth shutout, winning 9\u20130 in Florida. No. 2 Northwestern killed another giant on the road, beating Notre Dame 30\u201324. No. 3 Texas defeated Rice 28\u20136. No. 4 Mississippi shut out Arkansas 28\u20130 at Memphis. No. 5 USC Trojans got past Stanford 30\u201328 and fell to 6th. Taking USC's place was No. 6 Syracuse, which had beaten West Virginia 44\u20130 to reach the 5\u20130 mark. The next poll was:  1.LSU 2.Northwestern 3.Mississippi 4.Texas 5.Syracuse", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 45], "section_span": [47, 54], "content_span": [55, 523]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077192-0009-0000", "contents": "1959 NCAA University Division football season, October\nOctober 31 No. 1 LSU and No. 3 Mississippi, both 6\u20130, met in Baton Rouge and both schools had great defenses. LSU had outscored its opposition 103\u20136, while Ole Miss had a 189\u20137 point differential over all comers. Someone had to lose, and Ole Miss fell to LSU 7\u20133. Billy Cannon returned a Jake Gibbs punt 89 yards for the game's only touchdown, but the Rebels had a chance to win the game when it drove to the LSU 1\u2013yard line in the closing seconds, only to see third-string quarterback Doug Elmore stopped cold on fourth and goal by Cannon. No. 2 Northwestern beat visiting Indiana 30\u201313. No. 4 Texas beat SMU in Dallas, 21\u20130. No. 5 Syracuse won at Pittsburgh, 35\u20130, and rose to fourth. The next poll was: 1.LSU 2.Northwestern 3.Texas 4.Syracuse 5.Mississippi", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 45], "section_span": [47, 54], "content_span": [55, 814]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077192-0010-0000", "contents": "1959 NCAA University Division football season, November\nNovember 7  No. 1 LSU traveled to Knoxville to face Tennessee, and gave up a touchdown for the first time in the season. The Vols made it to the end zone twice, winning 14\u201313 over the Tigers. Losing also was No. 2 Northwestern, which fell to the visiting Wisconsin, 24\u201319, and dropped to 6th. No. 3 Texas won a close one over Baylor, 13\u201312, and rose to 2nd. No. 4 Syracuse, which had won at Penn State 20\u201318, was catapulted to the No. 1 spot. No. 5 Mississippi crushed UT-Chattanooga 58\u20130. No. 6 USC returned to the Top Five after a 36\u20130 win over West Virginia. The next poll was 1.Syracuse 2.Texas 3.LSU 4.USC 5.Mississippi", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 45], "section_span": [47, 55], "content_span": [56, 680]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077192-0011-0000", "contents": "1959 NCAA University Division football season, November\nNovember 14 No. 1 Syracuse exercised its top status, brushing off overmatched Colgate 71\u20130. No. 2 Texas lost to TCU, 14\u20139, and No. 3 LSU returned to its winning ways, beating Mississippi State at home, 27\u20130. No. 4 USC beat Baylor 17\u20138. No. 5 Mississippi beat Tennessee in Memphis, 37\u20137. The poll changed slightly: 1.Syracuse 2.Mississippi 3.LSU 4.USC 5.Texas", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 45], "section_span": [47, 55], "content_span": [56, 414]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077192-0012-0000", "contents": "1959 NCAA University Division football season, November\nNovember 21 No. 1 Syracuse won at Boston University, 46\u20130, for its fifth shutout as it reached the 9\u20130 mark. No. 3 LSU beat Tulane 14\u20136, then accepted an invitation to play in the Sugar Bowl. No. 4 USC lost to rival UCLA, 10\u20133 and fell to 7th. No. 9 Wisconsin, which closed its season with an 11\u20137 win at Minnesota, rose to 5th. No. 2 Mississippi and No. 5 Texas were idle, but stayed at the same place in the polls: 1.Syracuse 2.Mississippi 3.LSU 4.Texas 5.Wisconsin", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 45], "section_span": [47, 55], "content_span": [56, 523]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077192-0013-0000", "contents": "1959 NCAA University Division football season, November\nOn Thanksgiving Day, No. 4 Texas won 20\u201317 at Texas A&M. No . 1 Syracuse was idle as it prepared for its December 5 trip to Los Angeles to play UCLA. On Saturday, November 28, No. 2 Mississippi played its season ender against Mississippi State, in Starkville, and won 42\u20130. Both LSU and Ole Miss were invited to a rematch in New Orleans at the Sugar Bowl. A third SEC team, the No. 6 Georgia Bulldogs, beat Georgia Tech 21\u201314 in Atlanta and accepted a spot in the Orange Bowl. Because Oklahoma had played in the Orange Bowl the year before, a \"no repeat\" rule gave the Big 7 (Oklahoma State would join later) berth to 6\u20134 Missouri. The Rose Bowl matched No. 6 Wisconsin against No. 8 Washington. The penultimate poll was 1.Syracuse 2.Mississippi 3.LSU 4.Texas 5.Georgia.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 45], "section_span": [47, 55], "content_span": [56, 826]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077192-0014-0000", "contents": "1959 NCAA University Division football season, November\nOn December 5, No. 1 Syracuse closed its season with trip to the Los Angeles Coliseum to face the upset-minded (but 5\u20133\u20131) UCLA Bruins   In a nationally televised game, the Orangemen took a 14\u20130 lead and went on to win 36\u20138 to finish the season with a perfect 10\u20130 record. As the only unbeaten team among universities, the Syracuse Orangemen were voted No. 1 in the AP Poll (with 134 of 201 first-place votes) and in the UPI Coaches Poll, with 31 of the 35 first-place votes.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 45], "section_span": [47, 55], "content_span": [56, 531]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077192-0015-0000", "contents": "1959 NCAA University Division football season, Bowl games, Major bowls\nBehind future Heisman Trophy winner Ernie Davis, the Orangemen proved the voters' decision to name them national champions in the final polls was a wise one. It was the first Cotton Bowl for the Longhorns under coach Darrell Royal, who guided Texas to national championships in 1963, 1969, and 1970, and compiled a career record of 167\u201347\u20135 (.774) in Austin from 1957 through 1976.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 45], "section_span": [47, 70], "content_span": [71, 452]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077192-0016-0000", "contents": "1959 NCAA University Division football season, Bowl games, Major bowls\nOle Miss systematically demolished LSU in the Sugar Bowl. LSU was Ole Miss's sole loss of the regular season. The Rebels outgained the Bayou Bengals and Heisman Trophy winner Billy Cannon 373\u201374 in front of a largely pro-LSU crowd of over 83,000 at Tulane Stadium. Immediately following the game, Cannon signed a contract with the Houston Oilers of the fledgling American Football League, spurning the Los Angeles Rams and general manager Pete Rozelle.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 45], "section_span": [47, 70], "content_span": [71, 523]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077193-0000-0000", "contents": "1959 NCAA soccer season\nThe 1959 NCAA soccer season was the inaugural season of college soccer sanctioned by the NCAA. Including the history of the ISFA, this was the 56th season of organized men's collegiate soccer in the United States.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [23, 23], "content_span": [24, 237]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077193-0001-0000", "contents": "1959 NCAA soccer season\nThe season culminated with the 1959 NCAA Soccer Tournament, the first of the modern NCAA Division I Men's Soccer Tournament. The tournament was won by the Saint Louis Billikens, who defeated Bridgeport Purple Knights in the final, 5\u20132.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [23, 23], "content_span": [24, 259]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077193-0002-0000", "contents": "1959 NCAA soccer season, Awards, All-Americans\nThe following players were named All-Americans following the 1959 season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 46], "content_span": [47, 120]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077194-0000-0000", "contents": "1959 NFL Championship Game\nThe 1959 National Football League Championship Game was the 27th NFL championship game, played on December 27 at Memorial Stadium in Baltimore, Maryland.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [26, 26], "content_span": [27, 180]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077194-0001-0000", "contents": "1959 NFL Championship Game\nIt was a rematch of the 1958 championship game that went into overtime. The defending champion Baltimore Colts (9\u20133) again won the Western Conference, while the New York Giants (10\u20132) repeated as Eastern Conference champions. The Colts were favored to repeat as champions by 3\u00bd points.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [26, 26], "content_span": [27, 312]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077194-0002-0000", "contents": "1959 NFL Championship Game\nThis game also went down to the last quarter, but the Colts did not need any heroics in overtime. Trailing 9\u20137 at the start of the fourth quarter, Baltimore scored 24 straight points and won, 31\u201316.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [26, 26], "content_span": [27, 225]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077194-0003-0000", "contents": "1959 NFL Championship Game\nThis was the only NFL championship game played in Baltimore.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [26, 26], "content_span": [27, 87]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077194-0004-0000", "contents": "1959 NFL Championship Game, Officials\nThe NFL had five game officials in 1959; the line judge was added in 1965 and the side judge in 1978.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [28, 37], "content_span": [38, 139]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077194-0005-0000", "contents": "1959 NFL Championship Game, Players' shares\nThe gross receipts for the game, including radio and television rights, were just over $666,000, slightly below the previous year. Each player on the winning Colts team received $4,674, while Giants players made $3,083 each.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [28, 43], "content_span": [44, 268]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077195-0000-0000", "contents": "1959 NFL Draft\nThe 1959 National Football League draft had its first four rounds held on December 1, 1958, and its final twenty-six rounds on January 21, 1959. Both sessions were held at the Warwick Hotel in Philadelphia.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [14, 14], "content_span": [15, 221]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077196-0000-0000", "contents": "1959 NFL season\nThe 1959 NFL season was the 40th regular season of the National Football League.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 15], "section_span": [15, 15], "content_span": [16, 96]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077196-0001-0000", "contents": "1959 NFL season\nTragedy struck on October 11 as NFL Commissioner Bert Bell suffered a fatal heart attack at Philadelphia's Franklin Field while watching the Philadelphia Eagles and the Pittsburgh Steelers play. He died at age 65 at the nearby university hospital. League Treasurer Austin Gunsel was named interim commissioner for the rest of the season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 15], "section_span": [15, 15], "content_span": [16, 353]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077196-0002-0000", "contents": "1959 NFL season\nThe Chicago Cardinals played their final season in the Windy City before relocating to St. Louis for the following season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 15], "section_span": [15, 15], "content_span": [16, 138]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077196-0003-0000", "contents": "1959 NFL season\nIn the NFL Championship Game on December 27, the Baltimore Colts defeated the New York Giants for the second year in a row.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 15], "section_span": [15, 15], "content_span": [16, 139]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077196-0004-0000", "contents": "1959 NFL season, Draft\nThe 1959 NFL Draft was held on December 1, 1958, and January 21, 1959 at Philadelphia's Warwick Hotel. With the first pick, the Green Bay Packers selected quarterback Randy Duncan from the University of Iowa.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 15], "section_span": [17, 22], "content_span": [23, 231]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077196-0005-0000", "contents": "1959 NFL season, Conference races\nThe NFL had six teams in each conference; each played a home-and-away game against the other five conference teams, and two games outside the conference. The Bears and Cardinals, and the Redskins and Colts, faced each other in an interconference game each year, as they were close geographic rivals.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 15], "section_span": [17, 33], "content_span": [34, 333]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077196-0006-0000", "contents": "1959 NFL season, Conference races\nAfter the second week, when the 1\u20131\u20130 Giants had to share the Eastern Conference lead with all five of the other clubs, the Giants won seven of the next eight games to clinch the title in Week Ten. In the Western Conference, the San Francisco 49ers, who had come close (1952, 1953, 1954, and 1957) several times since joining the NFL, were 6\u20131 and had a two-game lead over their closest rival, the 4\u20133 Colts. In Week Nine, though, the 49ers lost in Baltimore, 45\u201314 (November 22) and they shared the lead at 6\u20133\u20130. Two weeks later, San Francisco had the home field advantage when they faced the Colts for a rematch. Baltimore won again, 34\u201314, and clinched the title the following week.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 15], "section_span": [17, 33], "content_span": [34, 720]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077196-0007-0000", "contents": "1959 NFL season, Final standings\nNote: Tie games were not officially counted in the standings until 1972.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 15], "section_span": [17, 32], "content_span": [33, 105]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077196-0008-0000", "contents": "1959 NFL season, NFL Championship Game\nBaltimore 31, NY Giants 16 at Memorial Stadium in Baltimore, Maryland, on December 27.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 15], "section_span": [17, 38], "content_span": [39, 125]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077197-0000-0000", "contents": "1959 NSWRFL season\n1959's New South Wales Rugby Football League premiership was the 52nd season of the rugby league competition based in Sydney. Ten teams from across the city competed for the J. J. Giltinan Shield during the season, which culminated in a grand final between St. George and Manly-Warringah.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 18], "section_span": [18, 18], "content_span": [19, 307]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077197-0001-0000", "contents": "1959 NSWRFL season, Season summary\nThe St. George team went through the 1959 season undefeated \u2013 a feat achieved by five teams prior to 1959 but by none since. The club won nineteen of their twenty matches and played a draw against Balmain. They were able to score more than forty points on six occasions. After eighteen premiership rounds St. George had scored an average of over thirty points per match and conceded an average of ten points.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 18], "section_span": [20, 34], "content_span": [35, 443]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077197-0002-0000", "contents": "1959 NSWRFL season, Season summary\nFuture Immortals Reg Gasnier and Johnny Raper both debuted for St. George in first grade in 1959 and both made the Australian side, aged just 19. Seven St. George players made that year's Kangaroo Tour.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 18], "section_span": [20, 34], "content_span": [35, 237]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077197-0003-0000", "contents": "1959 NSWRFL season, Season summary\nThe 1959 season also saw the retirement from the League of future Australian Rugby League Hall of Fame inductee, Harry Bath.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 18], "section_span": [20, 34], "content_span": [35, 159]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077197-0004-0000", "contents": "1959 NSWRFL season, Finals, Grand Final\nIn the lead up to the Grand Final, rumours were circulating that Manly-Warringah's Rex Mossop was carrying a broken cheekbone. From the kick off, Saints' forwards took turns at testing Mossop's injury with Harry Bath giving him particular attention. For most of the match the Manly forward copped a hammering until in frustration, Mossop retaliated by standing on Bath's head. A brawl broke out between the two and the referee Lawler sent both off.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 18], "section_span": [20, 39], "content_span": [40, 488]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077197-0005-0000", "contents": "1959 NSWRFL season, Finals, Grand Final\nIn the meantime, St. George's forwards were steamrolling Manly-Warringah and the red and white backs were cutting loose. Winger Eddie Lumsden had a magnificent match, scoring a hat trick of tries. Lumsden beat Ron Willey cold for his first try and then was on the end of later backline passing bursts for two more.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 18], "section_span": [20, 39], "content_span": [40, 354]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077197-0006-0000", "contents": "1959 NSWRFL season, Finals, Grand Final\nAs the Manly-Warringah pack tired in the second half, experienced St. George second rower Norm Provan began to easily break their defence out wide, linking with his backs and being rewarded himself with a try. Reserve grade centre Geoff Weekes had been promoted when Gasnier and Johnny Riley were both injured in the major semi final. He scored a try as did St. George's steady and safe custodian Brian Graham.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 18], "section_span": [20, 39], "content_span": [40, 450]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077197-0007-0000", "contents": "1959 NSWRFL season, Finals, Grand Final\nSt. George outclassed Manly-Warringah 20\u20130 in a ruthless display of speed and strength. The match was future Australian Rugby League Hall of Fame inductee Harry Bath's last game.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 18], "section_span": [20, 39], "content_span": [40, 218]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077197-0008-0000", "contents": "1959 NSWRFL season, Finals, Grand Final\nSt. George 20 (Tries: Lumsden 3, Graham, Weekes, N Provan. Goals: Bath 1.)", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 18], "section_span": [20, 39], "content_span": [40, 114]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077198-0000-0000", "contents": "1959 National Challenge Cup\nThe 1959 National Challenge Cup was the 46th edition of the United States Soccer Football Association's annual open soccer championship.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [27, 27], "content_span": [28, 164]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077198-0001-0000", "contents": "1959 National Challenge Cup, Overview\nThe McIlvaine Canvasbacks of San Pedro, California defeated Fall River SC in a contentious final. McIlvaine scored three unanswered goals in the first half, but Fall River came back, tying the score in the 88th minute. A minute later, Al Herman scored the winning goal for the Canvasbacks. Fall River disputed the goal and the team's trainer, Abel Botelho attacked Herman, leading to Botelho's ejection.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 37], "content_span": [38, 441]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077199-0000-0000", "contents": "1959 National Invitation Tournament\nThe 1959 National Invitation Tournament was the 1959 edition of the annual NCAA college basketball competition.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [35, 35], "content_span": [36, 147]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077199-0001-0000", "contents": "1959 National Invitation Tournament, Selected teams\nBelow is a list of the 12 teams selected for the tournament.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 51], "content_span": [52, 112]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077200-0000-0000", "contents": "1959 National League tie-breaker series\nThe 1959 National League tie-breaker series was a best-of-three playoff series at the conclusion of Major League Baseball's (MLB) 1959 regular season to decide the winner of the National League (NL) pennant. The playoff series was necessary after Los Angeles Dodgers and the Milwaukee Braves finished the season with identical win\u2013loss records of 86\u201368 (.558) on Sunday, September 27, three games ahead of the San Francisco Giants. It was the first tie-breaker in the majors in eight years, also in the National League.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [39, 39], "content_span": [40, 559]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077200-0001-0000", "contents": "1959 National League tie-breaker series\nThe tie-breaker games were played on September 28 and 29. All the games were scheduled as day games, the opener on Monday was at Milwaukee County Stadium and the second on Tuesday at Los Angeles Memorial Coliseum. The Dodgers won a coin flip late in the season that gave them home field advantage for the series (games two and three). If needed, the third game was scheduled for Wednesday, September 30. The Dodgers had hoped for night games in Los Angeles to take advantage of the Coliseum's seating capacity; the series was nationally televised by ABC.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [39, 39], "content_span": [40, 594]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077200-0002-0000", "contents": "1959 National League tie-breaker series\nFollowing a rain-delayed start in Milwaukee, the Dodgers won the first game 3\u20132, with a solo home run in the sixth by John Roseboro breaking a 2\u20132 tie and providing the margin of victory. The next day in Los Angeles, the Dodgers took the series and the pennant with another one-run win; they rallied for three runs in the bottom of the ninth to tie and prevailed 6\u20135 in extra innings. This victory advanced the Dodgers to the World Series, in which they defeated the Chicago White Sox in six games.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [39, 39], "content_span": [40, 538]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077200-0003-0000", "contents": "1959 National League tie-breaker series\nIn baseball statistics, the tie-breaker series counted as the 155th and 156th regular season games for both teams.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [39, 39], "content_span": [40, 154]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077200-0004-0000", "contents": "1959 National League tie-breaker series, Background\nA year earlier in 1958, their first in Los Angeles, the Dodgers posted a 71\u201383 (.461) win-loss record for seventh place in the eight-team NL, and never held a lead. By contrast, the Braves repeated as NL champions that year with a 92\u201362 (.597) record and returned to the World Series, where the New York Yankees turned the tables and defeated them in seven games. Despite their success, the Braves made several changes leading into the 1959 season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 51], "content_span": [52, 500]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077200-0004-0001", "contents": "1959 National League tie-breaker series, Background\nFirst, they selected Jim Pisoni in the Rule 5 draft from the Yankees in December 1958, although he returned to the Yankees by May 1959. The Braves then traded with the Philadelphia Phillies for Ted Kazanski, Stan Lopata, and Johnny O'Brien just prior to the season. Finally, the Braves traded for Mickey Vernon from the Cleveland Indians and selected Bobby \u00c1vila, Ray Boone, and Enos Slaughter off of waivers during the 1959 season. The Dodgers traded for Rip Repulski and Wally Moon during the offseason and then acquired Chuck Churn, Solly Drake, and Chuck Essegian during the year.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 51], "content_span": [52, 636]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077200-0005-0000", "contents": "1959 National League tie-breaker series, Background\nThe NL race was tight throughout the 1959 season between the Braves, Dodgers, and Giants. Neither the Giants nor the Braves ever fell five or more games back of the league leader, and the Dodgers never faced a deficit of six or more. The Dodgers had the best record in games played amongst the three, posting a combined 26\u201318 record against the other two before the tie-breaker. However, the Dodgers spent just 21 days with at least a share of the lead while the Braves and Giants each led the league for 86 days.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 51], "content_span": [52, 565]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077200-0006-0000", "contents": "1959 National League tie-breaker series, Background\nWith eight games remaining on Friday morning, September 18, the Giants were at 82\u201364 (.562) with a  two-game lead over the Dodgers and Braves. However, the visiting Dodgers swept the next three games at Seals Stadium, including a Saturday doubleheader which the Los Angeles Times described as a \"breeze\" for Los Angeles. Giants' starting pitcher Sam Jones threw a no-hitter on Saturday, September 26, which was cut short by rain in the eighth inning for his 21st win of the season. The Giants had considered pitching Jack Sanford in that game due to Jones' recent heavy pitching workload.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 51], "content_span": [52, 640]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077200-0006-0001", "contents": "1959 National League tie-breaker series, Background\nBecause the game was shortened to less than nine innings it is no longer considered an official no-hitter. The rain also forced the second game of the Giants' scheduled doubleheader that day to be moved, leaving them with two games to play on the final day of the season. The Giants needed to win both games and have the Braves and Dodgers both lose to tie for the lead, but the Giants lost both.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 51], "content_span": [52, 448]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077200-0006-0002", "contents": "1959 National League tie-breaker series, Background\nJones' no-hitter was the Giants' only win for the season after September 17 as the team went 1\u20137 in their final eight games, going from a two-game lead to a three-game deficit. The Braves and Dodgers both went 6\u20132 in that span to maintain their tie. This included a five-hit complete game by Warren Spahn to win the Braves' final game of the season 3\u20132. This was Spahn's 21st win of the season and 267th of his career, breaking Eppa Rixey's record for most wins by a left-handed pitcher.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 51], "content_span": [52, 539]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077200-0007-0000", "contents": "1959 National League tie-breaker series, Background\nBoth the Dodgers and Braves finished the regularly scheduled 154-game season tied with records of 86\u201368, forcing a tie-breaker to decide the pennant winner. The two teams' managers flipped a coin to decide home field advantage and Dodgers' manager Walt Alston won. The Dodgers opted to play the second and third (if necessary) games at home, choosing to play Game 1 in Milwaukee. The tie-breaker was scheduled for the 28th, 29th, and the 30th if necessary, which required moving the start of the World Series from September 30 to October 1.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 51], "content_span": [52, 592]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077200-0007-0001", "contents": "1959 National League tie-breaker series, Background\nThe Giants' falling out of the pennant race avoided a potentially disruptive situation involving their home field. Candlestick Park was under construction during the 1959 season and the Giants did not play there until 1960. However, Giants vice president Chub Feeney had said earlier in the season that if the Giants won the pennant they would play their World Series home games in Candlestick. Several potential problems were suggested with this move including a lack of seating, lack of toilet facilities, and insufficient access roads to the stadium.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 51], "content_span": [52, 605]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077200-0008-0000", "contents": "1959 National League tie-breaker series, Background\nThe Dodgers were 12\u201310 against the Braves overall for the season, though the Braves outscored them by a single run (96\u201395) in those games. The Braves were a 5\u20138 betting favorite in Las Vegas on September 25 to win the pennant while the Dodgers had 6\u20135 odds. The World Series odds were evenly split, with 11\u201310 odds available at that time for either the Chicago White Sox (the American League champion) or the eventual NL pennant winner.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 51], "content_span": [52, 488]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077200-0009-0000", "contents": "1959 National League tie-breaker series, Series summary, Game 1\nChicago White Sox manager Al L\u00f3pez watched the game along with his pitching coach to scout their potential NL opponents for the World Series. The start was delayed 45 minutes due to rain, leaving only 18,297 fans in the stadium once the game was underway. The Dodgers opened the game quickly as Charlie Neal singled with one out, advanced to second base on a ground out, and scored on a single by Norm Larker to give the Dodgers an early 1\u20130 lead.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 63], "content_span": [64, 511]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077200-0009-0001", "contents": "1959 National League tie-breaker series, Series summary, Game 1\nDodgers starter Danny McDevitt held the Braves scoreless in the first inning, but was driven from the game in the second. After a line out to open the inning Johnny Logan walked, Del Crandall singled, and Bill Bruton singled to bring home Logan and tie the game at 1. Larry Sherry entered in relief of McDevitt, who pitched just 1\u2153 innings. Carl Willey, the Braves' pitcher, reached base on an error to load the bases. Crandall then scored on a ground out by Bobby \u00c1vila to give the Braves a 2\u20131 lead before Sherry finished out the second.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 63], "content_span": [64, 603]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077200-0010-0000", "contents": "1959 National League tie-breaker series, Series summary, Game 1\nThe Dodgers re-tied the game the next inning, however. Neal singled with one out and Wally Moon grounded into a force out at second base. Moon then advanced to second on a Larker single and scored on a Gil Hodges single to tie it at 2. Don Demeter hit a single, the third consecutive and fourth of the inning, to load the bases but John Roseboro flew out to end the inning without further scoring.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 63], "content_span": [64, 461]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077200-0010-0001", "contents": "1959 National League tie-breaker series, Series summary, Game 1\nSherry held the Braves scoreless in the bottom of the third, opening the inning with a walk but then inducing a double play and a foul out to quickly close it. Sherry and Willey traded scoreless innings in the fourth and fifth although the Braves threatened against Sherry in both innings, allowing two base-runners each time but escaping with no runs. Roseboro led off the top of the sixth inning with a home run to give the Dodgers a 3\u20132 lead. Roseboro had also hit a home run the day before against the Chicago Cubs, a game the Dodgers won to force the tie-breaker. Willey put out the next three batters to quickly end the inning, but the damage had been done.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 63], "content_span": [64, 727]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077200-0011-0000", "contents": "1959 National League tie-breaker series, Series summary, Game 1\nSherry pitched a perfect top of the sixth and Don McMahon relieved Willey in the bottom of the frame. The Dodgers could not add to their lead in facing McMahon, he held their run total at three. Sherry, however, was nearly perfect for the remainder of the game, allowing just one single to the Braves over the final three innings. The Los Angeles Times labeled Sherry and Roseboro the \"heroes\" of the game. Sherry's only \"horrible moment\", according to the Times, was a long fly ball by Bill Bruton to the deepest part of center field which Demeter managed to haul in for the first out of the bottom of the ninth.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 63], "content_span": [64, 677]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077200-0012-0000", "contents": "1959 National League tie-breaker series, Series summary, Game 2\nThe Dodgers had proposed playing Game 2 at night to allow a longer rest period following the travel from Milwaukee to southern California. The Braves took issue with this prior to the start of the series, however, and NL president Warren Giles insisted that all the games were to be played during the day. The afternoon crowd was 36,528, well below the seating capacity of the Coliseum, which exceeded 90,000.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 63], "content_span": [64, 473]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077200-0013-0000", "contents": "1959 National League tie-breaker series, Series summary, Game 2\nThe Braves opened the scoring in the top of the first inning. Eddie Mathews drew a one out walk and Hank Aaron followed that with a double. Aaron's double drew some argument, however, as outfielder Duke Snider recovered Aaron's ball quickly and threw to second. Dodgers' second baseman Charlie Neal believed he had easily tagged out Aaron, but umpire Augie Donatelli said Neal had missed the tag entirely. Frank Torre then singled to score the two runners and give the Braves the early 2\u20130 lead. The Dodgers responded in their half of the inning, however.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 63], "content_span": [64, 619]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077200-0013-0001", "contents": "1959 National League tie-breaker series, Series summary, Game 2\nNeal hit a deep fly ball to right center field with one out, reaching third base \"easily\" for a triple as outfielder Bill Bruton missed catching the ball on a difficult play. Wally Moon then singled to score Neal, but was caught stealing for the second out and Snider struck out to end the first inning. Johnny Logan led off the second for the Braves with a single. Then, after two outs, Logan scored on an odd error charged to Snider in center field.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 63], "content_span": [64, 515]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077200-0013-0002", "contents": "1959 National League tie-breaker series, Series summary, Game 2\nThe Braves' starting pitcher Lew Burdette hit a single up the middle and Logan had attempted to advance from first to third base on the play. Snider threw the ball in from center to third baseman Jim Gilliam, but Gilliam's vision was \"obstructed\" and the throw \"escaped\" him, allowing Logan to score and Burdette to advance to third. Bruton grounded out to end the inning with the Braves in a 3\u20131 lead.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 63], "content_span": [64, 466]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077200-0014-0000", "contents": "1959 National League tie-breaker series, Series summary, Game 2\nThe game went scoreless in the third inning, but Neal led off the bottom of the fourth with a home run to make it 3\u20132. The Dodgers threatened further that inning, getting runners on first and second base, though did not score additional runs. Dodgers' starter Don Drysdale recorded the first out of the top of the fifth but then gave up a home run to Mathews and walked Aaron before being relieved by Johnny Podres. Podres escaped without further scoring, putting out Torre and Andy Pafko who pinch hit for Lee Maye.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 63], "content_span": [64, 580]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077200-0014-0001", "contents": "1959 National League tie-breaker series, Series summary, Game 2\nThe sixth inning was uneventful, though the Braves then threatened in the top of the seventh. After the first out Mathews singled to start the offense. Aaron followed that with a single, Mathews was put out trying to advance to third base on a \"brilliant throw\" by Moon, and Aaron moved to second on the throw. Then Podres threw a wild pitch as Torre batted, allowing Aaron to move to third. Finally, Podres walked Torre and was replaced by Chuck Churn. Enos Slaughter pinch hit for Pafko but hit a flyout to end the threat and the inning.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 63], "content_span": [64, 603]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077200-0014-0002", "contents": "1959 National League tie-breaker series, Series summary, Game 2\nJohn DeMerit then replaced Slaughter defensively in the bottom of the seventh and Norm Larker singled leading off. However, John Roseboro hit into a ground ball double play to end that threat. Roseboro crashed into Logan, the Braves' shortstop, trying to break up the double play and Logan had to be carried from the field on a stretcher. F\u00e9lix Mantilla, the second baseman, moved to play shortstop and Red Schoendienst entered to play second. Finally Churn struck out Burdette to end the seventh.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 63], "content_span": [64, 561]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077200-0015-0000", "contents": "1959 National League tie-breaker series, Series summary, Game 2\nThe Braves scored their fifth run in the eighth as Del Crandall hit a one-out triple and then scored on a sacrifice fly by Mantilla. Don Demeter pinch hit for Churn, the pitcher, in the bottom half of the inning but the Dodgers were put out in order. Sandy Koufax pitched the top of the ninth for the Dodgers and though he loaded the bases with three successive walks to Aaron, Torre, and DeMerit he did not allow any runs. Moon and Snider led off the bottom of the frame with successive singles.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 63], "content_span": [64, 560]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077200-0015-0001", "contents": "1959 National League tie-breaker series, Series summary, Game 2\nBob Lillis pinch ran for Snider and Gil Hodges hit another single to load the bases. Don McMahon relieved Burdette, but allowed a fourth consecutive single to Norm Larker which scored Moon, Lillis, and advanced Hodges to third leaving it 5\u20134. Warren Spahn relieved McMahon, Carl Furillo pinch hit for Roseboro, and Joe Pignatano pinch ran for Larker. Furillo tied the game, hitting a sacrifice fly which scored Hodges. Spahn allowed a single to Wills and was pulled in favor of Joey Jay. Ron Fairly grounded out as a pinch hitter and Gilliam flew out, leaving the game tied at five runs apiece and forcing extra innings.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 63], "content_span": [64, 684]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077200-0016-0000", "contents": "1959 National League tie-breaker series, Series summary, Game 2\nFollowing the heavy substitutions in the bottom of the ninth the Dodgers made several defensive moves in the top of the tenth. Stan Williams entered as the pitcher, Pignatano came in as the catcher, Moon moved from right to left field, and Fairly and Furillo took over center and right field respectively. The tenth went by quickly with only a single baserunner, but both teams threatened in the eleventh. Mathews was walked with one out in the top half. Aaron grounded into a force out at second, then advanced to second on a passed ball to Torre.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 63], "content_span": [64, 612]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077200-0016-0001", "contents": "1959 National League tie-breaker series, Series summary, Game 2\nThe Dodgers intentionally walked Torre. Al Spangler then drew a pinch hit walk to load the bases, but Joe Adcock ground out to end the half-inning. Pignatano was hit by a pitch and Furillo walked to open the bottom half. After two flyball outs Joey Jay walked Gilliam, loading the bases, but Bob Rush relieved him and got Neal to ground out ending the inning. The Braves went quickly again in the twelfth, retired in order. Rush recorded the first two outs of the twelfth, but then walked Hodges. Hodges then advanced to second on a Pignatano single. Finally, he scored on a single by Furillo followed by a throwing error by the shortstop Mantilla to give the Dodgers a 6\u20135 walk-off victory and the National League pennant.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 63], "content_span": [64, 787]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077200-0017-0000", "contents": "1959 National League tie-breaker series, Series summary, Game 2\nThe miscue was Mantilla's second since he had replaced shortstop Johnny Logan, who was shaken up on a double play  in the seventh inning. The Chicago Tribune noted the impact of Logan's injury as it was his replacement who made the costly final error. Mantilla was \"close to tears\" after the game, saying the ball \"took a crazy bounce... before I got it.\" However, Braves' manager Fred Haney insisted Mantilla \"didn't make a bad play,\" that he was \"lucky to stop the ball at all,\" and that the run would have scored even if Mantilla had delivered a perfect throw.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 63], "content_span": [64, 627]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077200-0018-0000", "contents": "1959 National League tie-breaker series, Aftermath\nThe Dodgers' win earned the franchise its 10th playoff berth, the first since the team moved to Los Angeles the previous year. In the playoffs they faced the Chicago White Sox in the 1959 World Series which they won in six games. The Dodgers faced another tie-breaker in 1962, but lost to the Giants, who would lose to the New York Yankees in the 1962 World Series in seven games. The Dodgers have appeared in six of the ten NL tie-breakers, more tie-breaker appearances than any franchise in either league.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 50], "content_span": [51, 558]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077200-0019-0000", "contents": "1959 National League tie-breaker series, Aftermath\nThe Braves' high-water mark while in Milwaukee had been their World Series win in 1957. They had also appeared in the 1958 Series, losing to the Yankees. After failing to win the pennant in 1959, the Braves would not play for a championship again until they moved to Atlanta. They next returned to post-season play in 1969, their fourth season in Atlanta, where they were swept in the League Championship Series. The Braves returned to the World Series again in the 1990s, losing the 1991, 1992, 1996, and 1999 World Series but winning in 1995.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 50], "content_span": [51, 595]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077200-0020-0000", "contents": "1959 National League tie-breaker series, Aftermath\nIn baseball statistics tie-breakers count as regular season games, with all events in them added to regular season statistics. For example, Eddie Mathews overtook Ernie Banks of the Chicago Cubs for the league lead in home runs, hitting his 46th of the season in Game 2. Banks won the NL Most Valuable Player Award but Mathews, Hank Aaron, and Wally Moon finished 2nd, 3rd, and 4th respectively in the voting. Aaron, Del Crandall, Gil Hodges, and Charlie Neal all won Gold Gloves for their fielding ability. MLB played two All-Star Games in 1959.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 50], "content_span": [51, 597]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077200-0020-0001", "contents": "1959 National League tie-breaker series, Aftermath\nFive Braves and two Dodgers were named to the first while six Braves and four Dodgers played in the second. Five future Hall of Famers were on the Braves roster in 1959 (Aaron, Mathews, Schoendienst, Slaughter, Spahn) while the Dodgers had three (Drysdale, Koufax, Snider). Dodgers' manager Walt Alston was also inducted to the Hall as a manager in 1983.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 50], "content_span": [51, 405]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077201-0000-0000", "contents": "1959 Nauruan Local Government Council election\nElections for the Local Government Council were held in Nauru in late 1959. Seven of the nine incumbent councillors were re-elected  and Hammer DeRoburt was re-elected as Head Chief by the Council.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 46], "section_span": [46, 46], "content_span": [47, 244]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077202-0000-0000", "contents": "1959 Navy Midshipmen football team\nThe 1959 Navy Midshipmen football team represented the United States Naval Academy (USNA) as an independent during the 1959 NCAA University Division football season. The team was led by first-year head coach Wayne Hardin.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [34, 34], "content_span": [35, 256]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077203-0000-0000", "contents": "1959 Nebraska Cornhuskers football team\nThe 1959 Nebraska Cornhuskers football team was the representative of the University of Nebraska and member of the Big 7 Conference in the 1959 NCAA University Division football season. The team was coached by Bill Jennings and played their home games at Memorial Stadium in Lincoln, Nebraska.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [39, 39], "content_span": [40, 333]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077203-0001-0000", "contents": "1959 Nebraska Cornhuskers football team, Before the season\nCoach Jennings oversaw some minor changes to his assistant coaches, the most noteworthy being the replacement of longtime assistant L. F. Klien. The one new member of the staff, Russ Faulkinberry, would eventually go on to lead the Southwestern Louisiana Ragin' Cajuns, and was the one who renamed them as the Ragin' Cajuns during his tenure. With the new staff in place, Jennings was charged with proving that the two non-conference upset victories during the previous season were not flukes, and that he could do better than 6th place in the Big 7.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 58], "content_span": [59, 609]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077203-0001-0001", "contents": "1959 Nebraska Cornhuskers football team, Before the season\nThis would not be an easy task to fulfill, as yet another difficult non-conference schedule loomed, with visits by Texas, Oregon State and Indiana, as well as a road trip to rival Minnesota. The stakes for this year's homecoming game were also increased, as perennial Big 7 champion Oklahoma moved up from the usual season-ending spot to appear in Lincoln for that game.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 58], "content_span": [59, 429]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077203-0002-0000", "contents": "1959 Nebraska Cornhuskers football team, Game summaries, Texas\nThe bright spot on this day for the Cornhusker faithful was when HB Pat Fischer ran 92\u00a0yards to score in a repeat performance of the same feat accomplished in last year's surprise defeat of Penn State. However, a clipping penalty resulted in the score being called back. Nothing else went right for Nebraska in game as #17 Texas rolled off 20 points and started Nebraska's season off with a 0\u201320 shutout loss. This was only the second time the teams had met, and they were now even at 1\u20131 after Nebraska's 1933 win.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 62], "content_span": [63, 578]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077203-0003-0000", "contents": "1959 Nebraska Cornhuskers football team, Game summaries, Minnesota\nAt first it seemed like it was going to be another dark day for Nebraska in Minneapolis, the site of so many severe drubbings, as Minnesota took the early lead. As the clock wore on, however, the Golden Gophers began to stall, and the Cornhuskers capitalized to go up 13\u201312 by the half. Minnesota came out flat after the break and never scored again, as Nebraska punched in another 19 points to secure an unexpected and long-sought victory over their main northern rival. It was only the 6th win that the Cornhuskers had earned over Minnesota in 36 attempts dating back to 1900.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 66], "content_span": [67, 645]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077203-0004-0000", "contents": "1959 Nebraska Cornhuskers football team, Game summaries, Oregon State\nNebraska's defense answered the call on this day as the Beavers repeatedly approached the goal line and were turned away time and time again. The day was a defensive affair on both sides, and despite the hard work of both teams that netted only one touchdown each, the outcome was ultimately decided by Nebraska's successful extra point, kicked through the uprights by PK Harry Tolly. The Cornhuskers improved to 7\u20132 over Oregon State all-time.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 69], "content_span": [70, 514]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077203-0005-0000", "contents": "1959 Nebraska Cornhuskers football team, Game summaries, Kansas\nThe Cornhuskers were hard-pressed to bring a full-strength team out to face Kansas, as numerous injuries had hobbled starters during the nonconference matchups. The Jayhawks fought Nebraska close, the teams combining to forge a mere 3\u20133 score by the half. Then, disaster struck the Cornhuskers when starting QB Tom Kramer was injured and came out of the game, severely hampering Nebraska's ability to score. The Jayhawks did put in another touchdown to take the win, moving to 16\u201346\u20133 in the series. Kramer's injury turned out to be severe enough that he was lost for the season, which considerably darkened the outlook for a successful Nebraska season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 63], "content_span": [64, 717]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077203-0006-0000", "contents": "1959 Nebraska Cornhuskers football team, Game summaries, Indiana\nBarely two minutes into the game, the Cornhuskers gave up a fumble which was quickly converted into points by the Hoosiers. Indiana then held the lead for the rest of the day, helped along by Cornhusker blunders and inexperience. A lone Nebraska touchdown avoided the shutout as Indiana enjoyed their 10th straight undefeated game against the Cornhuskers and improved to 9\u20133\u20133 in the series.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 64], "content_span": [65, 456]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077203-0007-0000", "contents": "1959 Nebraska Cornhuskers football team, Game summaries, Missouri\nWith the season's momentum waning, the Cornhuskers traveled to Columbia and were wholly ineffective at making any offensive production. The game had opened with an early Missouri field goal that was made possible by a disputed call. Any question that the game was thrown by the call was set aside when the Tigers scored again in the second half with no attached controversy. Missouri improved to 21\u201328\u20133 in the series and kept the Missouri-Nebraska bell for the third year in a row. The scoreless Nebraska squad returned to Lincoln with the season's second shutout loss and carrying a 2\u20134 record so far, with conference champion powerhouse Oklahoma next on the slate.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 65], "content_span": [66, 733]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077203-0008-0000", "contents": "1959 Nebraska Cornhuskers football team, Game summaries, Oklahoma\nReigning 12-year league champion Oklahoma arrived in Lincoln favored by two touchdowns, and there was little reason to expect anything else. Throughout the first half, the Cornhuskers bravely fought to keep up, matching each of the two Sooner touchdowns but missing the extra points. Coming out after the break behind 12\u201314, it only remained to see how much longer the Nebraska squad could keep up before running out of steam and becoming the latest team defeated by Oklahoma.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 65], "content_span": [66, 542]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077203-0008-0001", "contents": "1959 Nebraska Cornhuskers football team, Game summaries, Oklahoma\nNebraska opened the second half with a field goal to go ahead for the first time, and to everyone's surprise, kept the Sooners off the scoreboard for the rest of the quarter. Suddenly, the game was in reach, and the emboldened Cornhuskers added another touchdown with help from a lost Sooner fumble, and a field goal, to go ahead 25\u201314 before the stunned crowd. Oklahoma came to life and responded to move within four points, and then quickly forced a Nebraska punt to get the ball again.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 65], "content_span": [66, 554]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077203-0008-0002", "contents": "1959 Nebraska Cornhuskers football team, Game summaries, Oklahoma\nMarching down the field for 67\u00a0yards in just nine plays, the Sooners were set to take back the game when Cornhusker QB Ron Meade, on the field assisting the defense, picked off an Oklahoma pass in the end zone with less than a minute remaining to seal the upset victory. The Oklahoma loss was the first conference defeat in Sooner Head Coach Bud Wilkinson's 13-year career, snapped Oklahoma's remarkable 74-game league winning streak, and snapped Nebraska's 16-game losing streak to the Sooners in what was arguably the greatest triumph in Coach Jennings' career. Nebraska made a bid to take back the series with Oklahoma, moving to 17\u201318\u20133.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 65], "content_span": [66, 707]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077203-0009-0000", "contents": "1959 Nebraska Cornhuskers football team, Game summaries, Iowa State\nRiding high on the upset defeat of Oklahoma the week prior, Nebraska now had an outside shot at the conference championship and a trip to the Orange Bowl for the first time since 1954, if the now-vulnerable Sooners would lose another game or two. Iowa State was unimpressed with the Cornhuskers, however, and held them off of the scoreboard for nearly the entire game. Nebraska avoided the shutout on the road with just a single fourth-quarter touchdown. It was a very abrupt reversal of fortunes for a Nebraska team that had seen great success and dismal defeat just weeks apart. The Cyclone win was their 10th in all 53 attempts.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 67], "content_span": [68, 699]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077203-0010-0000", "contents": "1959 Nebraska Cornhuskers football team, Game summaries, Colorado\nThe last home game of 1959 was on a very cold day, and Colorado arrived enjoying a three-game winning streak over the Cornhuskers. The matchup was a fairly evenly played affair, with the outcome decided by the abilities of the kickers. Nebraska QB Ron Meade's two kicks after touchdowns were good, while the two Buffalo kicks were not. Nebraska's 1959 seniors left Memorial Stadium for the last time, with a win, the program's 150th conference victory all-time. Colorado slipped to 8\u201310\u20130 in the series.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 65], "content_span": [66, 569]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077203-0011-0000", "contents": "1959 Nebraska Cornhuskers football team, Game summaries, Kansas State\nThe Cornhuskers were heavily favored to beat the weakened Wildcats despite the two-game winning streak that Kansas State had in the series. A season defined by the dramatic upset over Oklahoma was destined to end with an embarrassing 14\u201329 defeat at the hands of the undermanned and outgunned Kansas State squad. The Wildcats took their third straight game against Nebraska to try to close the gap in the series, moving to 9\u201332\u20132.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 69], "content_span": [70, 500]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077203-0012-0000", "contents": "1959 Nebraska Cornhuskers football team, After the season\nHead Coach Jennings's third campaign left the fans unsure of what to expect going forward. Flashes of brilliance with underdog defeats of Minnesota and Oklahoma this year, preceded by upsets of Pittsburgh and Penn State in 1958, were offset by unexplained losses to weak teams and the third overall losing season in a row, with Big 7 finishes of 7th, 6th, and 6th over his tenure. The university opted to continue with their current football coach, and Jennings hoped to move forward and improve on his career record of 8\u201322\u20130 (.267), and especially his conference record of 4\u201314\u20130 (.222). Nebraska's overall program total slipped for the ninth straight year, tying the nine-year percentage slide record set from 1941 to 1949, as it fell to 359\u2013211\u201334 (.623). The conference record also dropped further as well, to 150\u201372\u201312 (.667).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 57], "content_span": [58, 890]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077204-0000-0000", "contents": "1959 Nepalese general election\nGeneral elections were held in Nepal from 18 February to 3 April 1959 to elect the 109 members of the first House of Representatives, the lower house of the Parliament of Nepal. They were held under the provisions of the 1959 constitution, which had been adopted on 12 February. More than 4.25 million people out of an overall population of about 8.55 million (1954) were eligible to vote. Voter turnout was 42.18%.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [30, 30], "content_span": [31, 446]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077204-0001-0000", "contents": "1959 Nepalese general election\nThe result was a victory for the Nepali Congress, winning 74 of the 109 seats with 38% of the vote. B. P. Koirala became the first democratically elected and 22nd Prime Minister of Nepal.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [30, 30], "content_span": [31, 218]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077204-0002-0000", "contents": "1959 Nepalese general election, Campaign\n786 candidates competed for 109 seats in the House of Representatives; 268 ran as independents, with the others representing nine parties. The Nepali Congress contested 108 constituencies, the Gorkha Parishad contested in 86 seats and the Communist Party of Nepal contested 47 seat.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 40], "content_span": [41, 323]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077204-0003-0000", "contents": "1959 Nepalese general election, Campaign\nThe CIA covertly assisted Koirala and the Nepali Congress in winning the election.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 40], "content_span": [41, 123]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077204-0004-0000", "contents": "1959 Nepalese general election, Results\nOnly four parties secured the designation of 'National party' in accordance with the Election Act of Nepal 1959. The party presidents of eight of the nine parties failed to win a seat, with Nepali Congress Bishweshwar Prasad Koirala the only party president to be elected, winning in constituency No. 32 (Morang South Biratnagar West). Nepali Congress leader Subarna Shamsher Rana contested three constituencies (No. 52 (Bara Parsa, Central North), constituency No. 53 (Bara, East Parsa) and constituency No. 91 (Gulmi, South-West)) and won them all. Another Nepal Congress leader Surya Prasad Upadhyaya contested two constituencies (constituency No. 5 (Kathmandu Valley) and constituency No. 14 (Ramechhap, South)) but was defeated in both.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 39], "content_span": [40, 781]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077204-0005-0000", "contents": "1959 Nepalese general election, Results\nGorkha Parishad president Randhir Subba was defeated in constituency No. 26 Dhankuta. Tarai Congress president Vedananda Jha lost in constituency No. 39 Siraha. Communist Party of Nepal General Secretary Keshar Jung Rayamajhi was defeated in Palpa Constituency No. 93. Democratic General Assembly president Ranganath Sharma was also defeated in Kathmandu Constituency No. 5. Dilliraman Regmi of the Nepali Rastriya Congress and Bhadrakali Mishra of Nepal Praja Parishad (Mishra) were also defeated. Tanka Prasad Acharya was defeated in from Kathmandu Constituency No. 5.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 39], "content_span": [40, 610]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077204-0006-0000", "contents": "1959 Nepalese general election, Aftermath\nThe speaker of the first House of Representatives was Krishna Prasad Bhattarai from Nepali Congress. The term of the parliament started from 27 May 1959 and it was dissolved on 15 December 1960.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 41], "content_span": [42, 236]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077205-0000-0000", "contents": "1959 Netherlands Antilles island council elections\nIsland council elections were held in the Netherlands Antilles in 1959. They were the third elections for the Island Council.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 50], "section_span": [50, 50], "content_span": [51, 176]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077205-0001-0000", "contents": "1959 Netherlands Antilles island council elections, Aruba\nFour parties participated, three of which had participated in 1955; the Aruban Patriotic Party (PPA), Aruban People's Party and the Aruba National Union. The Christian Democratic Party, a breakaway from the PPA, also contested the elections and won a single seat.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 50], "section_span": [52, 57], "content_span": [58, 321]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077205-0002-0000", "contents": "1959 Netherlands Antilles island council elections, Sint Maarten\nGeneral elections were held in Sint Maarten on 25 May 1959. The result was a victory for the Democratic Party, which won four of the five Island Council seats.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 50], "section_span": [52, 64], "content_span": [65, 224]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077206-0000-0000", "contents": "1959 Nevada Wolf Pack football team\nThe 1959 Nevada Wolf Pack football team represented the University of Nevada during the 1959 NCAA College Division football season. Nevada competed as a member of the Far Western Conference (FWC). The Wolf Pack were led by first-year head coach Dick Trachok and played their home games at Mackay Stadium.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [35, 35], "content_span": [36, 340]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077206-0001-0000", "contents": "1959 Nevada Wolf Pack football team, Previous season\nThe Wolf Pack finished the 1958 season 3\u20133 and 2\u20133 in FWC play to finish tied in third place. Head coach Gordon McEachron resigned and was replaced by Dick Trachok.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 52], "content_span": [53, 217]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077207-0000-0000", "contents": "1959 New Hampshire Wildcats football team\nThe 1959 New Hampshire Wildcats football team was an American football team that represented the University of New Hampshire as a member of the Yankee Conference during the 1959 NCAA College Division football season. In its eleventh year under head coach Chief Boston, the team compiled a 3\u20133\u20132 record (1\u20132\u20131 against conference opponents) and tied for fourth place out of six teams in the Yankee Conference.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 41], "section_span": [41, 41], "content_span": [42, 449]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077208-0000-0000", "contents": "1959 New Jersey State Senate election\nThe 1959 New Jersey State Senate elections were held on November 3.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [37, 37], "content_span": [38, 105]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077208-0001-0000", "contents": "1959 New Jersey State Senate election\nThe elections took place midway through the second term of Governor Robert Meyner. Eleven of New Jersey's 21 counties held regular elections for Senator; Cumberland County also held a special election to complete the unexpired term of W. Howard Sharp, who died in December 1958.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [37, 37], "content_span": [38, 316]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077208-0002-0000", "contents": "1959 New Jersey State Senate election\nDemocrats gained three seats (including the vacant seat in Cumberland) and nearly won control of the New Jersey Senate for the first time since 1915; only 567 votes separated victorious Republican Robert C. Crane and Democrat H. Roy Wheeler in Union County.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [37, 37], "content_span": [38, 295]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077209-0000-0000", "contents": "1959 New Mexico Lobos football team\nThe 1959 New Mexico Lobos football team represented the University of New Mexico in the Skyline Conference during the 1959 NCAA University Division football season. In their second and final season under head coach Marv Levy, the Lobos compiled a 7\u20133 record (4\u20132 against Skyline opponents), finished third in the conference, and outscored all opponents by a total of 260 to 135.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [35, 35], "content_span": [36, 414]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077209-0001-0000", "contents": "1959 New Mexico Lobos football team\nThe team's statistical leaders included George Friberg with 361 passing yards and Don Perkins with 636 rushing yards, 226 receiving yards and 66 points scored. Perkins went on to play eight seasons for the Dallas Cowboys and played in six Pro Bowls.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [35, 35], "content_span": [36, 285]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077209-0002-0000", "contents": "1959 New Mexico Lobos football team\nIn February 1960, New Mexico head coach Marv Levy was hired as the head football coach at the University of California. Levy compiled a 14\u20136 record in two seasons at New Mexico.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [35, 35], "content_span": [36, 213]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077210-0000-0000", "contents": "1959 New Mexico State Aggies football team\nThe 1959 New Mexico A&M Aggies football team represented New Mexico State University in the Border Conference during the 1959 NCAA University Division football season. In their second year under head coach Warren B. Woodson, the Aggies compiled an 8\u20133 record (2\u20132 against conference opponents), finished in third place in the conference, and defeated North Texas State in the 1959 Sun Bowl.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 42], "section_span": [42, 42], "content_span": [43, 433]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077210-0001-0000", "contents": "1959 New Mexico State Aggies football team\nThe team's statistical leaders included Charley Johnson with 1,449 passing yards, Pervis Atkins with 971 rushing yards, and R. Cassell with 519 receiving yards. For the first time in what proved to be four consecutive years, a New Mexico State back won the NCAA rushing title, Pervis Atkins in 1959, Bob Gaiters in 1960, and Preacher Pilot in 1961 and 1962.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 42], "section_span": [42, 42], "content_span": [43, 400]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077210-0002-0000", "contents": "1959 New Mexico State Aggies football team\nHead coach Warren Woodson was later inducted into the College Football Hall of Fame.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 42], "section_span": [42, 42], "content_span": [43, 127]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077211-0000-0000", "contents": "1959 New South Wales state election\nThe 1959  New South Wales  state election  was held on 21 March 1959. It  was conducted in single member constituencies with compulsory preferential voting and  was held on boundaries created at a 1957 redistribution. The election was for all of the 94 seats in the  Legislative Assembly.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [35, 35], "content_span": [36, 324]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077211-0001-0000", "contents": "1959 New South Wales state election, Redistribution\nA redistribution of electoral boundaries was undertaken in 1957 based on the 1954 Australian Census. Reflecting population shifts from the eastern and inner western suburbs of Sydney to western Sydney, two safe Liberal seats, Ashfield and Croydon were combined into the seat of Ashfield-Croydon and two safe Labor seats, Paddington and Waverley were combined into Paddington-Waverley. Merrylands was created in Western Sydney and was a notional Labor seat. In addition, the marginal seat of Parramatta became a safe Labor seat. In southern Sydney, the marginal seat of Sutherland became a safe Labor seat by the creation of Cronulla which had a notional Liberal majority. The  effect of the redistribution was to increase Labor's numbers by 1.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 51], "content_span": [52, 795]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077211-0002-0000", "contents": "1959 New South Wales state election, Issues\nIn March 1959, Labor had been in power for 18 years and Joseph Cahill  had been premier for 7 years. Cahill, who was commonly known as \"old smoothie\" continued to be a popular premier but the opposition campaign argued that his cabinet consisted of \"tired old men\". While nationally the Labor party remained divided on sectarian and ideological grounds, in New South Wales much of the split between Labor and the DLP had been avoided.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 43], "content_span": [44, 478]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077211-0002-0001", "contents": "1959 New South Wales state election, Issues\nClive Evatt, the brother of H V Evatt, who had been the major left-wing agitator within the caucus was expelled from the party after he voted against a government move to increase tram fares. As a result, party unity was significantly improved. However, a small branch of the DLP under the leadership of Jake Kane had organised in NSW and  nominated candidates at this election for the first time.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 43], "content_span": [44, 441]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077211-0003-0000", "contents": "1959 New South Wales state election, Issues\nCahill attacked the opposition for its \"reckless election promises\" which were \"worth no more than a handful of Bondi sand\" . Labor promised, that if re-elected, it would form a Commonwealth- State Housing Corporation to lend up to 95% of housing costs on a 45-year basis. It would attempt to reduce road taxes for haulage companies and promised a vigorous program of road development including the possible use of privately constructed toll roads. Cahill announced plans to build Housing Commission towers in Surry Hills and promised a referendum on the abolition of the New South Wales Legislative Council.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 43], "content_span": [44, 652]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077211-0004-0000", "contents": "1959 New South Wales state election, Issues\nThe coalition of the Liberal Party and the Country Party coalition had been led by Pat Morton since September 1955. However,  Morton remained a somewhat aloof figure, with a public presence more typical of pre-war conservative politicians,  and found it difficult to connect with the public. Davis Hughes, who had led the Country Party since September 1958 was forced to resign the leadership at the start of the campaign when it was revealed that he had falsely claimed to have a university degree. He was replaced by Charles Cutler.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 43], "content_span": [44, 578]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077211-0005-0000", "contents": "1959 New South Wales state election, Issues\nThe opposition campaigned on the government's broken promises and its continuing record of over-budget and uncompleted public works. In addition it promised to abolish several taxes including; land tax and the road maintenance tax. School transport would be free and the number of high school bursaries increased. Sewering the outer western suburbs, with a deep sea discharge, and completing the  Sandy Hollow railway line were the opposition's public works priorities. The housing crisis was to be resolved by the government construction of 100,000 houses in 3 years  .", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 43], "content_span": [44, 614]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077211-0006-0000", "contents": "1959 New South Wales state election, Results\nThe result of the election showed little change but was a clear victory for Labor with a buffer of  2 seats in the parliament:", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 44], "content_span": [45, 171]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077211-0007-0000", "contents": "1959 New South Wales state election, Results\nLabor regained the seat of Hurstville from  Clive Evatt who had sat as an Independent Labor member since his expulsion from the party. It had already reclaimed Kahibah at a by-election caused by the death of the Independent Labor Member Tom Armstrong. However Labor failed to take back the usually safe seat of Waratah from Frank Purdue. As expected Labor won Parramatta, Sutherland and Merrylands but lost Dubbo, Cronulla and Blacktown to the Liberals. It had already lost the seat of Wagga Wagga at a by-election caused by the death of Eddie Graham. Labor also lost Young to the Country Party.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 44], "content_span": [45, 640]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077211-0008-0000", "contents": "1959 New South Wales state election, Results\nThe DLP performed poorly, finishing behind the Communist party with less than 2% of the vote.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 44], "content_span": [45, 138]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077211-0009-0000", "contents": "1959 New South Wales state election, Seats changing party representation\nThis table lists changes in party representation since the 1956 election", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 72], "content_span": [73, 145]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077211-0010-0000", "contents": "1959 New South Wales state election, Seats changing party representation\n\u2021 Labor won the seat of Kahibah at a 1957 by-election caused by the death of the  Independent Labor member Tom Armstrong", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 72], "content_span": [73, 193]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077211-0011-0000", "contents": "1959 New South Wales state election, Seats changing party representation\n\u00b6 The Liberal Party  won the seat of Wagga Wagga from  Labor at a 1957 by-election caused by the death of Eddie Graham", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 72], "content_span": [73, 191]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077211-0012-0000", "contents": "1959 New South Wales state election, Tabulated results\nNew South Wales state election, 21 March 1959Legislative Assembly << 1956\u20131962 >>", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 54], "content_span": [55, 136]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077211-0013-0000", "contents": "1959 New South Wales state election, Aftermath\nJoseph Cahill died in October 1959 and was replaced by Robert Heffron who continued as Premier for the rest of the term. Pat Morton was replaced as Leader of the Opposition in July 1959 by Robert Askin. Charles Cutler remained Leader of the New South Wales Country Party throughout the term of the parliament. During the parliament there were 6 by-elections with Labor and the Country Party each winning a seat at the other party's expense.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 46], "content_span": [47, 487]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077212-0000-0000", "contents": "1959 New Year Honours\nThe New Year Honours 1959 were appointments in many of the Commonwealth realms of Queen Elizabeth II to various orders and honours to reward and highlight good works by citizens of those countries. They were announced on 30 December 1958 to celebrate the year passed and mark the beginning of 1959.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [21, 21], "content_span": [22, 320]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077212-0001-0000", "contents": "1959 New Year Honours\nThe recipients of honours are displayed here as they were styled before their new honour, and arranged by honour, with classes (Knight, Knight Grand Cross, etc.) and then divisions (Military, Civil, etc.) as appropriate.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [21, 21], "content_span": [22, 242]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077212-0002-0000", "contents": "1959 New Year Honours\nAt this time, awards were still being made within the United Kingdom honours list on the advice of the premiers of Australian states. There was also a (federal) Australian honours list of awards made \"on the advice of Her Majesty's Australian Ministers\". The separate Australian honours system began in 1975.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [21, 21], "content_span": [22, 330]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077212-0003-0000", "contents": "1959 New Year Honours, United Kingdom and Commonwealth, Royal Victorian Order, Member of the Royal Victorian Order (MVO)\nAt this time the two lowest classes of the Royal Victorian Order were \"Member (fourth class)\" and \"Member (fifth class)\", both with post-nominals MVO. \"Member (fourth class)\" was renamed \"Lieutenant\" (LVO) from the 1985 New Year Honours onwards.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [23, 120], "content_span": [121, 366]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077213-0000-0000", "contents": "1959 New Year Honours (New Zealand)\nThe 1959 New Year Honours in New Zealand were appointments by Elizabeth II on the advice of the New Zealand government to various orders and honours to reward and highlight good works by New Zealanders. The awards celebrated the passing of 1958 and the beginning of 1959, and were announced on 1 January 1959.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [35, 35], "content_span": [36, 345]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077213-0001-0000", "contents": "1959 New Year Honours (New Zealand)\nThe recipients of honours are displayed here as they were styled before their new honour.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [35, 35], "content_span": [36, 125]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077214-0000-0000", "contents": "1959 New York Film Critics Circle Awards\nThe 25th New York Film Critics Circle Awards, honored the best filmmaking of 1959.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [40, 40], "content_span": [41, 123]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077215-0000-0000", "contents": "1959 New York Giants season\nThe 1959 New York Giants season was the franchise's 35th season in the National Football League. The Giants' defense became the second defense in the history of the NFL to lead the league in fewest rushing yards, fewest passing yards and fewest total yards. The 1959 Giants scored 284 points, more than in any of the previous four seasons in which Vince Lombardi was their offensive coordinator.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [27, 27], "content_span": [28, 423]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077215-0001-0000", "contents": "1959 New York Giants season, Playoffs, Standings\nNote: Tie games were not officially counted in the standings until 1972.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 48], "content_span": [49, 121]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077216-0000-0000", "contents": "1959 New York Yankees season\nThe 1959 New York Yankees season was the 57th season for the team in New York and its 59th overall. The team finished in third place in the American League with a record of 79\u201375, 15 games behind the Chicago White Sox. New York was managed by Casey Stengel. The Yankees played their home games at Yankee Stadium.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [28, 28], "content_span": [29, 341]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077216-0001-0000", "contents": "1959 New York Yankees season, Player stats, Batting, Starters by position\nNote: Pos = Position; G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 73], "content_span": [74, 198]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077216-0002-0000", "contents": "1959 New York Yankees season, Player stats, Batting, Other batters\nNote: G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 66], "content_span": [67, 175]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077216-0003-0000", "contents": "1959 New York Yankees season, Player stats, Pitching, Starting pitchers\nNote: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 71], "content_span": [72, 182]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077216-0004-0000", "contents": "1959 New York Yankees season, Player stats, Pitching, Other pitchers\nNote: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 68], "content_span": [69, 179]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077216-0005-0000", "contents": "1959 New York Yankees season, Player stats, Pitching, Relief pitchers\nNote: G = Games pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; SV = Saves; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 69], "content_span": [70, 170]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077217-0000-0000", "contents": "1959 New York state election\nThe 1959 New York state election was held on November 3, 1959, to elect the Chief Judge of the New York Court of Appeals.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [28, 28], "content_span": [29, 150]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077217-0001-0000", "contents": "1959 New York state election, Background\nChief Judge Albert Conway would reach the constitutional age limit of 70 years at the end of the year.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 40], "content_span": [41, 143]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077217-0002-0000", "contents": "1959 New York state election, Nominations\nBoth Democrats and Republicans nominated Charles S. Desmond, the senior associate judge of the Court of Appeals, to succeed Conway.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 41], "content_span": [42, 173]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077218-0000-0000", "contents": "1959 New Zealand Grand Prix\nThe 1959 New Zealand Grand Prix was a motor race held at the Ardmore Circuit on 10 January 1959.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [27, 27], "content_span": [28, 124]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077219-0000-0000", "contents": "1959 New Zealand gallantry awards\nThe 1959 New Zealand gallantry awards were announced via a special honours list dated 29 June 1959, and recognised one member of the New Zealand military forces for distinguished service and devotion to duty during the Malayan Emergency.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [33, 33], "content_span": [34, 271]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077220-0000-0000", "contents": "1959 New Zealand rugby league season\nThe 1959 New Zealand rugby league season was the 52nd season of rugby league that had been played in New Zealand.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [36, 36], "content_span": [37, 150]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077220-0001-0000", "contents": "1959 New Zealand rugby league season, International competitions\nNew Zealand toured Australia, losing the series 1-2. The team was coached by Travers Hardwick and included; Gary Phillips, Reese Griffiths, Cyril Eastlake, George P Turner, Neville Denton, George Menzies, Keith Roberts, Henry Maxwell, Jock Butterfield, captain Cliff Johnson, Trevor Kilkelly, Ron Ackland, Rex Percy, Brian Campbell, Joe Ratima and Mel Cooke.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 64], "content_span": [65, 423]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077220-0002-0000", "contents": "1959 New Zealand rugby league season, International competitions\nThe Auckland Rugby League's champion Western Districts defeated the New South Wales Rugby League's St. George Dragons 8-7 at Carlaw Park in September. The Dragons had previously been undefeated during the season. The Dragons defeated the Ellerslie Eagles 11-10.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 64], "content_span": [65, 326]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077220-0003-0000", "contents": "1959 New Zealand rugby league season, National competitions, Northern Union Cup\nAuckland again held the Northern Union Cup at the end of the season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 79], "content_span": [80, 148]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077220-0004-0000", "contents": "1959 New Zealand rugby league season, Club competitions, Auckland\nWestern United won the Auckland Rugby League's Fox Memorial Trophy and Rukutai Shield. Western United defeated Richmond 15-0 in the Fox Memorial final. Ellerslie won the Roope Rooster and Stormont Shield.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 65], "content_span": [66, 270]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077220-0005-0000", "contents": "1959 New Zealand rugby league season, Club competitions, Auckland\nAuckland hosted a week-long club tournament to celebrate its 50th anniversary. Western United won the title, defeating Papanui (Canterbury) 39-14. Other competitors were Wellington Marist and Huntly South (Waikato). One week later Western United defeated the St. George Dragons 8-7.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 65], "content_span": [66, 348]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077220-0006-0000", "contents": "1959 New Zealand rugby league season, Club competitions, Auckland\nUnder the Auckland Rugby League's \"district scheme\", which lasted until 1963, Otahuhu, Papakura and Papatoetoe combined to form \"Southern Districts\" and Mount Albert and Point Chevalier formed \"Western Districts\". Ponsonby refused to amalgamate with Richmond and instead was relegated into the second division.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 65], "content_span": [66, 376]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077220-0007-0000", "contents": "1959 New Zealand rugby league season, Club competitions, Auckland\nTommy Baxter was the Western United's player-coach and the side also included vice-captain Henry Maxwell, Laurie Olliff and Don Hammond.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 65], "content_span": [66, 202]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077220-0008-0000", "contents": "1959 New Zealand rugby league season, Club competitions, Other Competitions\nJock Butterfield was the captain-coach of Brunner in the West Coast Rugby League competition. Greymouth Marist defeated Papanui 31-13 to win the Thacker Shield.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 75], "content_span": [76, 236]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077221-0000-0000", "contents": "1959 New Zealand rugby league tour of Australia\nThe 1959 New Zealand rugby league tour of Australia was the nineteenth tour of by New Zealand's national rugby league team, and the fourteen tour to visit Australia. The team lost the first two Test Matches of a three match series, but won every other match.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 47], "section_span": [47, 47], "content_span": [48, 306]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077221-0001-0000", "contents": "1959 New Zealand rugby league tour of Australia, Touring Squad\nThe following players were listed in the program, Rugby League News,  for the match against New South Wales.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 47], "section_span": [49, 62], "content_span": [63, 171]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077221-0002-0000", "contents": "1959 New Zealand rugby league tour of Australia, Matches\nNew South Wales FB: Brian Graham (22) ( St George),  WG: Ian Moir (27) ( Wests),  CE: Harry Wells (26) ( Wests),  CE: Reg Gasnier (20) ( St George),  WG: Don Parish (21) (Dubbo),  FE: Brian Clay (25) ( St George),  HB: Bobby Bugden (23) ( Wests),  LK: John Raper (20) ( Wests),  SR: Norm Provan (27) ( St George),  SR: Bill Owens (23) (Newcastle ),  PR: Rex Mossop (31) ( Manly),  HK: Ian Walsh (25) ( Eugowra),  PR: Billy Wilson (30) ( St George). Brian Carlson (26) ( Norths) was selected but withdrew.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 47], "section_span": [49, 56], "content_span": [57, 561]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077221-0002-0001", "contents": "1959 New Zealand rugby league tour of Australia, Matches\nBarry Harris (21) ( Newtown) was selected as a reserve but did not play. New Zealand FB: Gary Phillips, WG: Reese Griffiths, CE: Cyril Eastlake, CE: George Turner, WG: Neville Denton, FE: George Menzies, HB: Keith Roberts, LK: Rex Percy, SR: Ron Ackland, SR: Trevor Kilkelly, PR: Cliff Johnson, HK: Jock Butterfield, PR: Henry Maxwell.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 47], "section_span": [49, 56], "content_span": [57, 392]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077221-0003-0000", "contents": "1959 New Zealand rugby league tour of Australia, Matches, 2nd Test\nIpswich FB: Bill Cameron ( West End), WG: Don Lowry ( Booval Swifts), CE: Brian Walsh ( Brothers), CE: Mick Mulgrew ( Brothers), WG: Merv Cobb ( West End), FE: Don Barrett ( Booval Swifts), HB: Gerry O'Sullivan ( Brothers), LK: Thornton Jones ( West End), SR: Mick Scully ( West End), SR: Jim Foreman ( Booval Swifts), PR: Gary Parcell ( Brothers), HK: Bob Christison ( Railways), PR: Dan O'Dempsey ( Brothers),  Coach Les Heidke. New Zealand FB: Brian Reidy, WG: Murray Paterson, CE: George Turner, CE: Cyril Eastlake, WG: Tom Hadfield, FE: George Menzies, HB: Bill Snowdon, LK: Melville Cooke, SR: Don Hammond, SR: Peter Turner, PR: Joe R\u0101tima, HK: William Schultz, PR: Jock Butterfield.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 47], "section_span": [49, 66], "content_span": [67, 756]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077222-0000-0000", "contents": "1959 Newfoundland general election\nThe 1959 Newfoundland general election was held on 20 August 1959 to elect members of the 32nd General Assembly of Newfoundland. It was won by the Liberal party.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [34, 34], "content_span": [35, 196]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077222-0001-0000", "contents": "1959 Newfoundland general election, Results\n*The CCF supported the Newfoundland Democratic Party which was founded by the Newfoundland Federation of Labour to run candidates as a protest against the Liberal government's decertification of the International Woodworkers of America in the course of a logging strike. The Newfoundland Democratic Party ran eighteen candidates, none of whom was elected. The party went on to become the Newfoundland New Democratic Party in 1961.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [36, 43], "content_span": [44, 474]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077223-0000-0000", "contents": "1959 News of the World Snooker Plus Tournament\nThe 1959 News of the World Snooker Plus Tournament was a professional snooker tournament sponsored by the News of the World. The event was played under the Snooker Plus rules, a variant of snooker with two additional colours (orange and purple). The tournament was won by Joe Davis with Fred Davis finishing in second place. It was the eleventh and final News of the World Tournament, which ran from 1949/50 to 1959.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 46], "section_span": [46, 46], "content_span": [47, 463]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077223-0001-0000", "contents": "1959 News of the World Snooker Plus Tournament, Snooker plus\nSnooker plus was a variant of snooker created by Joe Davis in 1959 with two additional colours, orange (8 points) and purple (10 points). The orange spot was midway between the pink and blue, while the purple spot was midway between the brown and blue. If a frame ended in a tie, the purple was re-spotted on the black spot. The extra colours allowed a maximum break of 210. This variant failed to gain popularity but has appeared in some video games such as the World Snooker Championship series.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 46], "section_span": [48, 60], "content_span": [61, 558]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077223-0002-0000", "contents": "1959 News of the World Snooker Plus Tournament, Format\nThere were three competitors, Joe Davis, Fred Davis and John Pulman, competing for prize money of \u00a3750. Matches were of 25 frames over two days. Each played the other, three times. All matches were played in Burroughes Hall, London.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 46], "section_span": [48, 54], "content_span": [55, 287]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077223-0003-0000", "contents": "1959 News of the World Snooker Plus Tournament, Results\nJoe Davis made the first century break, 108, on the opening day of the tournament.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 46], "section_span": [48, 55], "content_span": [56, 138]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077223-0004-0000", "contents": "1959 News of the World Snooker Plus Tournament, Results\nJoe Davis made sure of victory by beating John Pulman in the penultimate match. Fred Davis lost the last match 13\u201312 but he had needed to win only 11 frames to finish in second place ahead of Pulman.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 46], "section_span": [48, 55], "content_span": [56, 255]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077223-0005-0000", "contents": "1959 News of the World Snooker Plus Tournament, Results\nThe positions were determined firstly by the number of matches won (MW) and, in the event of a tie, the number of frames won (FW).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 46], "section_span": [48, 55], "content_span": [56, 186]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077224-0000-0000", "contents": "1959 Nigerian general election\nParliamentary elections were held in Nigeria on 12 December 1959. The result was a victory for the Northern People's Congress, which won 134 of the 312 seats in the House of Representatives, despite the Action Group winning more votes. It formed a coalition with five other parties and two independents, holding a total of 148 seats. Voter turnout was 79.5%.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [30, 30], "content_span": [31, 389]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077224-0001-0000", "contents": "1959 Nigerian general election, Results\nThe Northern People's Congress-led coalition, also consisting of the Mabolaje Grand Alliance, Igala Union, Igbira Tribal Union, Niger Delta Congress and affiliated independents won 148 seats. The National Council of Nigeria and the Cameroons-led coalition, also consisting of the Northern Elements Progressive Union won 89 seats, while the Action Group and affiliated independents won 75 seats.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 39], "content_span": [40, 434]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077225-0000-0000", "contents": "1959 Night Series Cup\nThe 1959 VFL Night Premiership Cup was the Victorian Football League end of season cup competition played in September of the 1959 VFL Premiership Season. This was the fourth season of the VFL Night Series. Run as a knock-out tournament, it was contested by the eight VFL teams that failed to make the 1959 VFL finals series. Games were played at the South Melbourne Cricket Ground, Albert Park, then the home ground of South Melbourne, as it was the only ground equipped to host night games. Fitzroy went on to win the night series cup, defeating Hawthorn in the final by 30 points.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [21, 21], "content_span": [22, 605]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077226-0000-0000", "contents": "1959 Nippon Professional Baseball season\nThe 1959 Nippon Professional Baseball season was the tenth season of operation of Nippon Professional Baseball (NPB).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [40, 40], "content_span": [41, 158]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077227-0000-0000", "contents": "1959 North Carolina Tar Heels football team\nThe 1959 North Carolina Tar Heels football team represented the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill during the 1959 NCAA University Division football season. The Tar Heels were led by first-year head coach Jim Hickey and played their home games at Kenan Memorial Stadium. The team competed as a member of the Atlantic Coast Conference, finishing in second.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 43], "section_span": [43, 43], "content_span": [44, 408]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077228-0000-0000", "contents": "1959 North Dakota Fighting Sioux football team\nThe 1959 North Dakota Fighting Sioux football team, also known as the Nodaks, was an American football team that represented the University of North Dakota in the North Central Conference (NCC) during the 1959 NCAA College Division football season. In its third year under head coach Marvin C. Helling, the team compiled a 2\u20135\u20131 record (1\u20134\u20131 against NCC opponents), finished in sixth place out of seven teams in the NCC, and was outscored by a total of 166 to 112. The team played its home games at Memorial Stadium in Grand Forks, North Dakota.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 46], "section_span": [46, 46], "content_span": [47, 593]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077229-0000-0000", "contents": "1959 North Dakota State Bison football team\nThe 1959 North Dakota State Bison football team was an American football team that represented North Dakota State University during the 1959 NCAA College Division football season as a member of the North Central Conference. In their third year under head coach Bob Danielson, the team compiled a 4\u20134\u20131 record.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 43], "section_span": [43, 43], "content_span": [44, 353]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077230-0000-0000", "contents": "1959 North Korean local elections\nElections to city, county, district, town, neighborhood, village and workers' district people's assemblies were held in North Korea on November 28, 1959.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [33, 33], "content_span": [34, 187]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077230-0001-0000", "contents": "1959 North Korean local elections\nIn the elections, 9,759 city, county and district people's assembly deputies and 53,882 town, neighborhood, village and workers' district people's assembly deputies were elected. Voter turnout was reported as 100%, with candidates receiving a 100% approval rate.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [33, 33], "content_span": [34, 296]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077231-0000-0000", "contents": "1959 North Korean parliamentary by-election\nParliamentary by-elections were held in North Korea on 19 July 1959 in 56 electoral districts. The reason for the by-election was an unusually high number of vacancies \u2013 more than a quarter of seats \u2013 in the Supreme People's Assembly.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 43], "section_span": [43, 43], "content_span": [44, 278]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077231-0001-0000", "contents": "1959 North Korean parliamentary by-election\nThe vacancies were caused by purges in the aftermath of an attempted coup d'\u00e9tat known as the August Faction Incident in 1956. Although there had been scheduled parliamentary elections in the meantime, in 1957, the purges continued into 1959. By the time of the by-election, 51 deputies had been purged and an additional five had died. Of those purged, 28 were members of the Workers' Party of Korea (WPK), seven from the Korean Democratic Party, eight from the Chondoist Chongu Party, three independents, two from the People's Republic Party, two from the Laboring People's Party, and one from the Union of People's Masses.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 43], "section_span": [43, 43], "content_span": [44, 668]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077231-0002-0000", "contents": "1959 North Korean parliamentary by-election\nThe Central Committee of the WPK forbade any mention about the upcoming elections in the media, probably in order to hide the true scope of the purges. Voters were simply informed that seats in their constituencies were open due to \"anti-people activities\" by their former delegates.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 43], "section_span": [43, 43], "content_span": [44, 327]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077231-0003-0000", "contents": "1959 North Korean parliamentary by-election\n55 candidates of the WPK stood for election in as many single-candidate constituencies. Pak Sin-dok, the chairman of the Chondoist Chongu Party, stood in the remaining constituency. The voting procedure had been amended slightly from the previous election which had been criticized as undemocratic abroad: In 1957 there had been a white ballot box for votes \"for\" and a black one for votes \"against\". In 1959, there was only one box. A blank ballot paper counted as a vote \"for\" and one with the candidate's name crossed as \"against\". There were cubicles at the polls, but immense social pressure prevented virtually anyone from using them.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 43], "section_span": [43, 43], "content_span": [44, 684]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077231-0004-0000", "contents": "1959 North Korean parliamentary by-election\nSome 1,200,000 votes were cast. Only 14 of them (about 0.001%) had been votes against the candidates. It was the last time that any voters had voted against in North Korean elections; all subsequent elections have reported 100% approval rates.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 43], "section_span": [43, 43], "content_span": [44, 287]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077232-0000-0000", "contents": "1959 North Texas State Eagles football team\nThe 1959 North Texas State Eagles football team represented the University of North Texas as a member of the Missouri Valley Conference (MVC) during the 1959 NCAA University Division football season. The Eagles, coached by Odus Mitchell, compiled a 9\u20132 record, and outscored their opponents 303 to 103. The Eagles were ranked for two weeks in the AP Poll. They shared the MVC title with Houston and finished the season with a 28\u20138 loss to New Mexico State in the 1959 Sun Bowl.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 43], "section_span": [43, 43], "content_span": [44, 521]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077233-0000-0000", "contents": "1959 Northeast Louisiana State Indians football team\nThe 1959 Northeast Louisiana State Indians football team was an American football team that represented Northeast Louisiana State College (now known as the University of Louisiana at Monroe) in the Gulf States Conference during the 1959 NCAA College Division football season. In their second year under head coach Jack C. Rowan, the team compiled a 2\u20138 record.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 52], "section_span": [52, 52], "content_span": [53, 413]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077234-0000-0000", "contents": "1959 Northern Cameroons referendum\nA referendum on becoming part of Nigeria was held in Northern Cameroons in November 1959. Voters were given the choice between a union with Nigeria and postponing the decision. Voters favoured the latter, with 62.25% voting to postpone the decision. A second referendum was held in 1961, with 60% voting to join Nigeria and 40% voting to join Cameroon.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [34, 34], "content_span": [35, 387]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077235-0000-0000", "contents": "1959 Northern Illinois Huskies football team\nThe 1959 Northern Illinois Huskies football team represented Northern Illinois University in the 1959 NCAA College Division football season. The Huskies competed in the Interstate Intercollegiate Athletic Conference (IIAC). They were led by fourth-year head coach Howard Fletcher and played their home games at the 5,500-seat Glidden Field, located on the east end of campus.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [44, 44], "content_span": [45, 420]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077236-0000-0000", "contents": "1959 Northern Rhodesian general election\nGeneral elections were held in Northern Rhodesia on 20 March 1959, although voting did not take place in two constituencies until 9 April. The United Federal Party (UFP) was expected to win the elections, and did so by taking 13 of the 22 elected seats on the Legislative Council.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [40, 40], "content_span": [41, 321]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077236-0001-0000", "contents": "1959 Northern Rhodesian general election, Electoral system\nThe elections were the first held under the Lennox-Boyd constitution. It provided for a 30-member Legislative Council with 22 elected members, six official members and two appointed members. The 22 elected seats were divided into 12 \"ordinary\" seats with mostly European voters, six \"special\" seats mainly reserved for African voters, two reserved for African candidates and two reserved for European candidates. \"Ordinary\" voters had to have at least four years of secondary education and either an income of at least \u00a3300 a year or own property worth \u00a3500.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [42, 58], "content_span": [59, 617]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077236-0001-0001", "contents": "1959 Northern Rhodesian general election, Electoral system\nThey could also qualify by having primary education and earning at least \u00a3480 a year or owning \u00a31,000 of property, or for those not meeting the educational requirements, have an annual income of at least \u00a3720 or own over \u00a31,500 of property. Certain people were automatically entitled to register as \"ordinary voters\", including ministers of religion, chiefs recognised by the Governor and wives of anyone qualified as an \"ordinary\" voter (although in the case of polygamous marriages, only the senior wife qualified).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [42, 58], "content_span": [59, 576]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077236-0001-0002", "contents": "1959 Northern Rhodesian general election, Electoral system\n\"Special\" voters had to have at least two years of secondary education and an income of at least \u00a3120 a year, or have an income of at least \u00a3150 or own property worth \u00a3500 or more. Automatic qualification as a \"special\" voter was given to pensioners receiving a monthly or annual pension for at least 20 years' service for one employer, headmen or hereditary councillors with at least two years of unpaid service and who were recognised by their chief, or be the wife (or senior wife) of any qualified \"special\" voter. All voters had to be over 21, able to complete their registration form in English and have lived in the Federation of Rhodesia and Nyasaland for at two years and in their constituency for three months.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [42, 58], "content_span": [59, 779]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077236-0002-0000", "contents": "1959 Northern Rhodesian general election, Electoral system\nThe African reserved seats were created by combining several ordinary seats, whilst the European reserved seats were based on combinations of the special seats. Every voter had two votes, one for their special or ordinary constituency member, and one for their reserved member. In the ordinary and European reserved seats, special votes were not allowed to account for more than a third of the total.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [42, 58], "content_span": [59, 459]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077236-0003-0000", "contents": "1959 Northern Rhodesian general election, Electoral system\nA total of 30,234 people were registered to vote, up from 15,505 for the 1954 elections. Of the 23,388 \"ordinary\" voters, 20,546 were Europeans, 2,046 Indians and 796 Africans. The 6,846 special voters included 6,821 Africans, 20 Europeans and five Indians.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [42, 58], "content_span": [59, 316]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077236-0004-0000", "contents": "1959 Northern Rhodesian general election, Campaign\nA total of 54 candidates contested the elections, of which 20 were African. Four parties ran in the election, with the UFP led by John Roberts putting forward 18 candidates, the Dominion Party 10, the Central Africa Party led by John Moffat seven and the Northern Rhodesian African National Congress led by Harry Nkumbula one (Nkumbula himself). Seventeen candidates ran as independents, with one running as a Central Africa Party independent. The Zambian African National Congress, a breakaway from the NRANC, called for a boycott. The UFP were unopposed in two seats. No candidates were nominated for the Northern and Luapula Special constituencies, requiring nominations to be reopened until 19 March.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [42, 50], "content_span": [51, 755]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077236-0005-0000", "contents": "1959 Northern Rhodesian general election, Campaign\nThe UFP held a centrist position, supporting dominion status for the Federation of Rhodesia and Nyasaland and opposing the British Colonial Office (reflecting the views of most white Northern Rhodesians). The Dominion Party put forward a right-wing platform including supporting a partition of the Federation into European and African areas. The Central Africa Party ran on a liberal platform.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [42, 50], "content_span": [51, 444]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077236-0006-0000", "contents": "1959 Northern Rhodesian general election, Results, By-elections\nBy-elections were held in the Luapula and Northern Special constituencies on 9 April.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [42, 63], "content_span": [64, 149]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077236-0007-0000", "contents": "1959 Northern Rhodesian general election, Aftermath\nFollowing the election, Governor Arthur Benson appointed six ministers; John Roberts as Minister of Labour and Mines, Ebden Carlisle as Minister of Lands and Natural Resources, William Gray Dunlop as Minister of Transport and Works, Rodney Malcomson as Minister of Local Government, Gabriel Musumbulwa as Minister of African Education and Edson Mwamba as Minister of African Agriculture.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [42, 51], "content_span": [52, 439]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077237-0000-0000", "contents": "1959 Northwestern Wildcats football team\nThe 1959 Northwestern Wildcats team represented Northwestern University during the 1959 Big Ten Conference football season. In their fourth year under head coach Ara Parseghian, the Wildcats compiled a 6\u20133 record (4\u20133 against Big Ten Conference opponents), finished in fifth place in the Big Ten, and outscored their opponents by a combined total of 174 to 134. The team rose to #2 in the AP Poll before losing three consecutive games to end the season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [40, 40], "content_span": [41, 494]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077238-0000-0000", "contents": "1959 Norwegian Football Cup\nThe 1959 Norwegian Football Cup was the 54th season of the Norwegian annual knockout football tournament. The tournament was open for all members of NFF, except those from Northern Norway. Skeid was the defending champions, but was eliminated by the second tier team Nessegutten in the fourth round.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [27, 27], "content_span": [28, 327]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077238-0001-0000", "contents": "1959 Norwegian Football Cup\nThe final was played at Ullevaal Stadion in Oslo on 25 October 1959, and was contested by Viking, which had won the cup once in 1953, and Sandefjord who played their second cup final, having lost the final in 1957. Viking won 2-1 after extra time against Sandefjord in the final, and secured their second title.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [27, 27], "content_span": [28, 339]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077240-0000-0000", "contents": "1959 Notre Dame Fighting Irish football team\nThe 1959 Notre Dame Fighting Irish football team represented the University of Notre Dame during the 1959 NCAA University Division football season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [44, 44], "content_span": [45, 192]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077241-0000-0000", "contents": "1959 Ohio Bobcats football team\nThe 1959 Ohio Bobcats football team was an American football team that represented Ohio University in the Mid-American Conference (MAC) during the 1959 NCAA University Division football season. In their second season under head coach Bill Hess, the Bobcats compiled a 7\u20132 record (4\u20132 against MAC opponents), finished in second place in the MAC, and outscored all opponents by a combined total of 215 to 101.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [31, 31], "content_span": [32, 439]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077242-0000-0000", "contents": "1959 Ohio State Buckeyes football team\nThe 1959 Ohio State Buckeyes football team represented the Ohio State University in the 1959 Big Ten Conference football season. The Buckeyes compiled a 3\u20135\u20131 record.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [38, 38], "content_span": [39, 205]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077242-0001-0000", "contents": "1959 Ohio State Buckeyes football team, Game summaries, Indiana\nOhio State:  127 yards total offense; 5 first downs; 8 punts for 333 yards; missed FGs from 58 and 50 yards", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 63], "content_span": [64, 171]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077242-0002-0000", "contents": "1959 Ohio State Buckeyes football team, Game summaries, Indiana\nIndiana: 179 yards total offense; 11 first downs; 7 punts for 290 yards", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 63], "content_span": [64, 135]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077243-0000-0000", "contents": "1959 Okinawa F-100 crash\nThe 1959 Okinawa F-100 crash (Japanese: \u5bae\u68ee\u5c0f\u5b66\u6821\u7c73\u8ecd\u6a5f\u589c\u843d\u4e8b\u6545), also known as the Miyamori Elementary School crash (\u5bae\u68ee\u5c0f\u5b66\u6821\u7c73\u8ecd\u6a5f\u589c\u843d\u4e8b\u6545), occurred on June 30, 1959, when a North American F-100 Super Sabre of the United States Air Force crashed in Ishikawa, in United States-occupied Okinawa, killing 18 people.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [24, 24], "content_span": [25, 319]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077243-0001-0000", "contents": "1959 Okinawa F-100 crash, Accident\nAt 10:40 A.M., a United States Air Force F-100D Super Sabre, piloted by 34-years-old Captain John G. Schmitt Jr. from Chalmers, Indiana, became uncontrollable during a training or test flight from Kadena Air Base located in the towns of Kadena and Chatan. Schmitt ejected from the aircraft, landing safely and unhurt. However, the F-100 crashed into Miyamori Elementary School and surrounding houses in the nearby city of Ishikawa, killing 11 students and 6 other people in the neighborhood, and injuring 210 others including 156 students at the school.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 34], "content_span": [35, 588]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077243-0002-0000", "contents": "1959 Okinawa F-100 crash, Accident\nImmediately after the crash, troops of the armed police rushed to the accident site and worked on rescue operations. Most of the doctors residing in central Okinawa Island rushed to treat the victims. The fire caused by the accident was extinguished one hour later, with 27 buildings including 3 school buildings and 1 public building being destroyed, while 2 school buildings, 2 private houses and eight other buildings were half-destroyed. At the time of the accident, Miyamori Elementary School had about 1,000 children and teachers, with almost all children in the school taking a milk break at the end of the second hour of classes.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 34], "content_span": [35, 672]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077243-0003-0000", "contents": "1959 Okinawa F-100 crash, Aftermath\nThe F-100 crash became a major tragedy in Okinawa as the victims were mostly very young schoolchildren, and contributed to increasingly ill-feelings towards the United States Civil Administration of the Ryukyu Islands from the Okinawan community. The crash led to fierce protests of anti-American sentiment in Okinawa, calling for the US occupation authorities to leave and for the islands to be returned to the control of the Government of Japan. The US military immediately launched a compensation scheme for victims, paying $4,500 for the dead and $2,300-$5,900 for serious injuries depending on disability.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 35], "content_span": [36, 646]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077243-0003-0001", "contents": "1959 Okinawa F-100 crash, Aftermath\nThe US military paid a total of $119,066 in compensation for the accident, but this amount was only about 10% of the victims requested. The US authorities determined that the defective F-100 had experienced an engine fire despite recently undergoing repairs in Taiwan, and that Schmitt had attempted to aim the aircraft at an unpopulated hilly area before ejecting.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 35], "content_span": [36, 401]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077243-0004-0000", "contents": "1959 Okinawa F-100 crash, Aftermath\nIn 1965, a memorial statue for the victims of the disaster was erected at the crash site in Ishikawa.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 35], "content_span": [36, 137]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077243-0005-0000", "contents": "1959 Okinawa F-100 crash, Aftermath\nIn 1976, a former student at Miyamori Elementary School died at the age of 23 from complications related to burns caused by the crash 17 years earlier. Their death brought the sum of people killed in the F-100 crash to 18, and their name was added to the monument in 2010.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 35], "content_span": [36, 308]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077243-0006-0000", "contents": "1959 Okinawa F-100 crash, Aftermath\nOn June 30, 2009, 800 people, including former students of Miyamori Elementary and relatives of the victims, attended a 50th-anniversary memorial service at the crash site, now in the city of Uruma. Okinawa Governor Hirokazu Nakaima spoke at the ceremony, saying, \"The Okinawa people of the time were deeply saddened by the accident in which the lives of children having dreams and hopes for the future were lost.\"", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 35], "content_span": [36, 450]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077243-0007-0000", "contents": "1959 Okinawa F-100 crash, Aftermath\nThe F-100 crash and its aftermath were dramatized in the movie Himawari, directed by Yoshihiro Oikawa, completed in 2012.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 35], "content_span": [36, 157]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077244-0000-0000", "contents": "1959 Oklahoma Sooners football team\nThe 1959 Oklahoma Sooners football team represented the University of Oklahoma during the 1959 NCAA University Division football season. They played their home games at Oklahoma Memorial Stadium and competed as members of the Big Seven Conference. They were coached by head coach Bud Wilkinson.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [35, 35], "content_span": [36, 330]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077244-0001-0000", "contents": "1959 Oklahoma Sooners football team, Postseason, NFL draft\nThe following players were drafted into the National Football League following the season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 58], "content_span": [59, 149]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077245-0000-0000", "contents": "1959 Oklahoma State Cowboys baseball team\nThe 1959 Oklahoma State Cowboys baseball team represented the Oklahoma State University in the 1959 NCAA University Division baseball season. The team was coached by Toby Greene in his 16th season at Oklahoma State.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 41], "section_span": [41, 41], "content_span": [42, 257]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077245-0001-0000", "contents": "1959 Oklahoma State Cowboys baseball team\nThe Cowboys won the College World Series, defeating the Arizona Wildcats in the championship game.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 41], "section_span": [41, 41], "content_span": [42, 140]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077246-0000-0000", "contents": "1959 Oklahoma State Cowboys football team\nThe 1959 Oklahoma State Cowboys football team represented Oklahoma State University\u2013Stillwater as an independent during the 1959 NCAA University Division football season. In their fifth season under head coach Cliff Speegle, the Cowboys compiled a 6\u20134 record and outscored opponents by a combined total of 181 to 161.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 41], "section_span": [41, 41], "content_span": [42, 359]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077246-0001-0000", "contents": "1959 Oklahoma State Cowboys football team\nOn offense, the 1959 team averaged 18.1 points scored, 195.2 rushing yards, and 118.5 passing yards per game. On defense, the team allowed an average of 15.1 points scored, 195.2 rushing yards, and 83.1 passing yards per game The team's statistical leaders included Jim Dillard with 582 rushing yards, Dick Soergel with 1,100 passing yards, Bill Dodson with 286 receiving yards, and Tony Banfield with 66 points scored.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 41], "section_span": [41, 41], "content_span": [42, 461]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077246-0002-0000", "contents": "1959 Oklahoma State Cowboys football team\nThe team played its home games at Lewis Field in Stillwater, Oklahoma.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 41], "section_span": [41, 41], "content_span": [42, 112]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077246-0003-0000", "contents": "1959 Oklahoma State Cowboys football team, After the season\nThe 1960 NFL Draft was held on November 30, 1959. The following Cowboys were selected.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 41], "section_span": [43, 59], "content_span": [60, 146]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077247-0000-0000", "contents": "1959 Ole Miss Rebels football team\nThe 1959 Ole Miss Rebels football team represented the University of Mississippi during the 1959 NCAA University Division football season. Ole Miss finished the season with an overall record of ten wins and one loss (10\u20131), tied for second in the Southeastern Conference (SEC) and with a victory over LSU in the Sugar Bowl. The team gave up only 21 points all season, and were retroactively named national champions by Berryman, Billingsley, Dunkel and Sagarin (however, it is not recognized by the NCAA). Syracuse was crowned as the national champion by both the AP and the UPI wire services. The team was later rated the third best squad from 1956\u20131995 by Sagarin.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [34, 34], "content_span": [35, 701]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077248-0000-0000", "contents": "1959 Omloop Het Volk\nThe 1959 Omloop Het Volk was the 15th edition of the Omloop Het Volk cycle race and was held on 5 April 1959. The race started and finished in Ghent. The race was won by Seamus Elliott.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [20, 20], "content_span": [21, 206]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077249-0000-0000", "contents": "1959 Ontario general election\nThe 1959 Ontario general election was held on June 11, 1959, to elect the 98 members of the 26th Legislative Assembly of Ontario (Members of Provincial Parliament, or \"MPPs\") of the Province of Ontario.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [29, 29], "content_span": [30, 232]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077249-0001-0000", "contents": "1959 Ontario general election\nThe Ontario Progressive Conservative Party, led by Leslie Frost, won a sixth consecutive term in office, and maintained its majority in the legislature, although it lost 12 of the 83 seats it had won in the previous election.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [29, 29], "content_span": [30, 255]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077249-0002-0000", "contents": "1959 Ontario general election\nThe Ontario Liberal Party, led by John Wintermeyer, increased its caucus from 11 to 22 members, and continued in the role of official opposition. Liberal-Labour MPP Albert Wren was re-elected and continued to sit with the Liberal caucus. Wren died in 1961 and was succeeded in a by-election by Robert Gibson.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [29, 29], "content_span": [30, 338]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077249-0003-0000", "contents": "1959 Ontario general election\nThe social democratic Co-operative Commonwealth Federation (CCF), led by Donald C. MacDonald, won two additional seats, for a total of five.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [29, 29], "content_span": [30, 170]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077250-0000-0000", "contents": "1959 Open Championship\nThe 1959 Open Championship was the 88th Open Championship, held 1\u20133 July at Muirfield Golf Links in Gullane, East Lothian, Scotland. Gary Player, age 23, shot a final round of 68 to win the first of his nine major titles, two strokes ahead of runners-up Fred Bullock and Flory Van Donck. It was the first of Player's three Claret Jugs; he won again in 1968 and 1974.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [22, 22], "content_span": [23, 389]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077250-0001-0000", "contents": "1959 Open Championship\nMuirfield was originally scheduled to host in 1957, but it was transferred to St. Andrews because of petrol rationing following the \"Suez Crisis\" in late 1956. Muirfield was subsequently allocated the 1959 Championship.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [22, 22], "content_span": [23, 242]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077250-0002-0000", "contents": "1959 Open Championship\nQualifying took place on 29\u201330 June, with 18 holes at Muirfield and 18 holes at the number 1 course of Gullane Golf Club. There were no exemptions and the number of qualifiers was limited to a maximum of 100, and ties did not qualify. The qualifying score was 147 and 90 players advanced to the first round the next day; defending champion Peter Thomson led with 137 and won the \u00a350 qualifying prize. The maximum number of players making the cut after 36 holes was again set at 50, and ties did not make the cut.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [22, 22], "content_span": [23, 535]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077250-0003-0000", "contents": "1959 Open Championship\nThe purse was increased to \u00a35,000, up 150 from 4,850 in 1958; the winner's share remained unchanged at \u00a31,000, but the prizes for second to fifth places were increased. Second place received \u00a3700, with 525 for third, 400 for fourth, and 325 for fifth.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [22, 22], "content_span": [23, 274]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077250-0004-0000", "contents": "1959 Open Championship\nOnly four Americans were in the field of 90 (Willie Goggin, Bob Sweeny, Bob Watson, and John Garrett) and none made the cut. Sweeny and Garrett were amateurs.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [22, 22], "content_span": [23, 181]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077250-0005-0000", "contents": "1959 Open Championship, Round summaries, First round\nFred Bullock and Arnold Stickley led after the first round on Wednesday at 68. A number of amateurs made good starts, the best was Michael Bonallack at 70.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [24, 52], "content_span": [53, 208]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077250-0006-0000", "contents": "1959 Open Championship, Round summaries, Second round\nBullock retained the lead after a second round 70 and Bonallack was one of four amateurs to make the cut. The three 'giants' Bobby Locke, Henry Cotton, and Thomson all made the cut, but all were eight or more strokes behind Bullock.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [24, 53], "content_span": [54, 286]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077250-0007-0000", "contents": "1959 Open Championship, Round summaries, Second round\nAmateurs: Bonallack (\u22122), Carr (+1), Jack (+2), Wolstenholme (+4),Sweeny Jr (+7), Smith (+8), Garrett (+12), Dalziel (+13), Ferguson (+13), Stuart (+13).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [24, 53], "content_span": [54, 207]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077250-0008-0000", "contents": "1959 Open Championship, Round summaries, Third round\nGary Player teed off at 9:04 am (and 1:34 pm), two hours before the leaders, who started at 11:04 am (and 3:34 pm). He was out in 37 in his morning round, but came home in 33 and was only four strokes behind the leaders after 54 holes. Amateur Reid Jack of Scotland posted 68 and was only two shots back.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [24, 52], "content_span": [53, 357]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077250-0009-0000", "contents": "1959 Open Championship, Round summaries, Final round\nGary Player reached the last hole and a par four would have yielded a round of 66. However he drove into a bunker and three-putted for a double-bogey six, 68 for the round, and a total of 284. In the last group, Fred Bullock and Flory Van Donck both finished two shots behind Player. Reid Jack won the silver medal for leading amateur by finishing tied for fifth place, two ahead of Bonallack.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [24, 52], "content_span": [53, 446]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077251-0000-0000", "contents": "1959 Orange Bowl\nThe 1959 Orange Bowl featured the Syracuse Orangemen (8\u20131) and the Oklahoma Sooners (9\u20131) in the 25th annual Orange Bowl, played on Thursday, January 1, 1959, at the Orange Bowl in Miami, Florida.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 16], "section_span": [16, 16], "content_span": [17, 213]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077251-0001-0000", "contents": "1959 Orange Bowl, Background\nThis was Oklahoma's fourth Orange Bowl in six seasons while Syracuse was making their second Orange Bowl appearance in six seasons. Oklahoma had won its thirteenth straight Big Seven title and Syracuse was an independent. The first of the day's four major bowl games, kickoff was at 1 p.m. EST on CBS television, and Oklahoma was a thirteen-point favorite.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 16], "section_span": [18, 28], "content_span": [29, 385]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077251-0002-0000", "contents": "1959 Orange Bowl, Game summary\nOklahoma scored early with a Prentice Gautt rushing touchdown three minutes into the game. With the quarter running down, Syracuse fumbled the ball back to the Sooners after driving to the Sooners red zone. With 2:56 left in the quarter, Brewster Hobby caught a lateral and then passed to Ross Coyle, who ran 79 yards for the touchdown and a 14\u20130 lead. After a scoreless second quarter, Hobby sealed the game when he returned a Syracuse punt 40 yards for a touchdown to make it 21\u20130 after three quarters.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 16], "section_span": [18, 30], "content_span": [31, 535]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077251-0003-0000", "contents": "1959 Orange Bowl, Game summary\nMark Weber gave the Orangemen their only points on his touchdown run after a 69-yard drive, but the two-point conversion failed on an incomplete pass, and that was the end of the scoring. Despite Syracuse's run attack, two fumbles by the backs and two passes that were intercepted doomed the Orange as Oklahoma won their fourth Orange Bowl in six seasons.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 16], "section_span": [18, 30], "content_span": [31, 386]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077251-0004-0000", "contents": "1959 Orange Bowl, Aftermath\nIn the following season, Syracuse went undefeated and won the national title.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 16], "section_span": [18, 27], "content_span": [28, 105]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077252-0000-0000", "contents": "1959 Oregon State Beavers football team\nThe 1959 Oregon State Beavers football team represented Oregon State College as an independent during the 1959 NCAA University Division football season. In their fifth season under head coach Tommy Prothro, the Beavers compiled a 3\u20137 record and were outscored 178\u00a0to\u00a0166. They played three home games on campus at Parker Stadium in Corvallis and one at Multnomah Stadium in\u00a0Portland.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [39, 39], "content_span": [40, 423]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077252-0001-0000", "contents": "1959 Oregon State Beavers football team\nEarlier in the year, the Pacific Coast Conference (PCC) disbanded; this was the first of five years that Oregon State and Oregon competed as independents.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [39, 39], "content_span": [40, 194]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077253-0000-0000", "contents": "1959 Oregon Webfoots football team\nThe 1959 Oregon Webfoots football team represented the University of Oregon during the 1959 NCAA University Division football season. Following the disbandment of the Pacific Coast Conference in the spring of 1959, Oregon was an independent for the next five seasons, then joined the successor conference (AAWU) in 1964. In\u00a0their ninth season under head coach Len Casanova, the Webfoots compiled an 8\u20132 record and outscored their opponents, 209 to 113. The team divided its home schedule between Hayward Field in Eugene and Multnomah Stadium in Portland.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [34, 34], "content_span": [35, 589]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077253-0001-0000", "contents": "1959 Oregon Webfoots football team\nThe team's statistical leaders included Dave Grosz with 865 passing yards, Dave Powell with 495 rushing yards, and Greg Altenhofen with 240 receiving yards.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [34, 34], "content_span": [35, 191]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077254-0000-0000", "contents": "1959 Orsz\u00e1gos Bajnoks\u00e1g I (men's water polo)\n1959 Orsz\u00e1gos  Bajnoks\u00e1g I (men's water polo) was the 53rd water polo championship in Hungary. There were ten teams who played two-round match for the title.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [44, 44], "content_span": [45, 202]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077254-0001-0000", "contents": "1959 Orsz\u00e1gos Bajnoks\u00e1g I (men's water polo), Final list\n* M: Matches W: Win D: Drawn L: Lost G+: Goals earned G-: Goals got P: Point", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [46, 56], "content_span": [57, 133]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077254-0002-0000", "contents": "1959 Orsz\u00e1gos Bajnoks\u00e1g I (men's water polo), 2. Class\n1. Szentes 26, 2. MTK 25, 3. Csepel Aut\u00f3 23, 4. Tatab\u00e1nya 20, 5. Budai Spartacus 16, 6. Bp. VTSK 11, 7. Bp. \u00c9p\u00edt\u0151k 9, 8. H\u00f3dmez\u0151v\u00e1s\u00e1rhelyi MTE 8, 9. Szolnoki Honv\u00e9d 6 point. SZEAC were deleted.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [46, 54], "content_span": [55, 248]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077255-0000-0000", "contents": "1959 Ottawa Rough Riders season\nThe 1959 Ottawa Rough Riders finished in 2nd place in the Interprovincial Rugby Football Union with an 8\u20136 record but lost to the Hamilton Tiger-Cats in the East Finals.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [31, 31], "content_span": [32, 201]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077256-0000-0000", "contents": "1959 PAP prime ministerial election\nThis is the only Prime Ministerial Election in Singapore history. The People's Action Party Central Executive Committee met on the victory of the 1959 Singaporean general election to elect a Prime Minister. At the end of the election, Lee Kuan Yew won by a mere 1 vote, that was voted by the then party Chairman Toh Chin Chye.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [35, 35], "content_span": [36, 362]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077256-0001-0000", "contents": "1959 PAP prime ministerial election, Candidates\nOn 12 November 1954, Lee, together with a group of fellow English-educated middle-class men whom he himself described as \"beer-swilling bourgeois\", formed the 'socialist' People's Action Party (PAP) in an expedient alliance with the pro-communist trade unionists. This alliance was described by Lee as a marriage of convenience, since the English-speaking group needed the Chinese-speaking pro-communists' mass support base while the communists needed a non-communist party leadership as a 'smoke-screen' because the Malayan Communist Party was illegal. At that time, almost 70% of Singapore spoke Chinese and various Chinese dialects as their native tongues, and those who speak English as their native tongue only comprised 20% or so of the population. They were therefore, a minority.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 47], "content_span": [48, 835]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077256-0002-0000", "contents": "1959 PAP prime ministerial election, Candidates\nTheir common aim was to agitate for self-government and put an end to British colonial rule.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 47], "content_span": [48, 140]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077256-0003-0000", "contents": "1959 PAP prime ministerial election, Candidates\nAn inaugural conference was held at the Victoria Memorial Hall, attended by over 1,500 supporters and trade unionists. Lee became secretary-general, a post he held until 1992, save for a brief period in 1957.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 47], "content_span": [48, 256]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077256-0004-0000", "contents": "1959 PAP prime ministerial election, Candidates\nA staunch anti-communist, he was a Chinese-educated orator who was one of the pioneer members of the People's Action Party (PAP) Ong was well-known among the Chinese community in Singapore, In the 1957 City Hall Elections, he was elected mayor after the PAP won 13 out of 32 seats contested, and due to the other opposition parties dividing themselves over the remaining 19 seats, the PAP gained the majority.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 47], "content_span": [48, 457]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077256-0005-0000", "contents": "1959 PAP prime ministerial election, Candidates\nOng's anti-colonial stance shocked the British government and every City Council meetings then were considered entertainment for the spectators there. Ong continued to be in helm over the city council for two years until when the PAP gained control over Singapore in 1959, when the council was scrapped.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 47], "content_span": [48, 351]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077257-0000-0000", "contents": "1959 PGA Championship\nThe 1959 PGA Championship was the 41st PGA Championship played from July 30 to August 2 at Minneapolis Golf Club in St. Louis Park, Minnesota, a suburb west of Minneapolis.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [21, 21], "content_span": [22, 194]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077257-0001-0000", "contents": "1959 PGA Championship\nSix strokes back at the start of the final round, Bob Rosburg shot a 66 (\u22124) to win his only major championship at 277 (\u22123), one stroke ahead of runners-up Jerry Barber and Doug Sanders. Rosburg had managed only five birdies in the first three rounds, but had five in the first nine on Sunday to go out in 30, then a record. Barber shot a 65 on Friday and was the 36-hole and 54-hole leader at 205 (\u22125), with Sanders a stroke back. Barber won the title two years later, in a Monday playoff in 1961. Tied for fourteenth at 286 (+6) was Arnold Palmer.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [21, 21], "content_span": [22, 571]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077257-0002-0000", "contents": "1959 PGA Championship\nThis was the second year of stroke play at the PGA Championship, a match play event through 1957. Daily admission was three dollars on Thursday and Friday, and five dollars per day on the weekend. The winner's share was increased fifty per cent to $8,250; two years earlier, it was $8,000 for the final match play competition.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [21, 21], "content_span": [22, 348]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077257-0003-0000", "contents": "1959 PGA Championship\nThe Open Championship was played several weeks earlier in Scotland at Muirfield; only four Americans (two amateurs) were in the field and none made the cut.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [21, 21], "content_span": [22, 178]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077258-0000-0000", "contents": "1959 Pacific Tigers football team\nThe 1959 Pacific Tigers football team represented the College of the Pacific during the 1959 NCAA University Division football season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [33, 33], "content_span": [34, 168]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077258-0001-0000", "contents": "1959 Pacific Tigers football team\nPacific competed as an independent in 1959. They played home games in Pacific Memorial Stadium in Stockton, California. In their seventh season under head coach Jack Myers, the Tigers finished with a record of five wins and four losses (5\u20134). For the season they outscored their opponents 132\u2013117.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [33, 33], "content_span": [34, 331]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077258-0002-0000", "contents": "1959 Pacific Tigers football team, Team players in the AFL/NFL\nThe following College of the Pacific players were selected in the 1960 NFL Draft.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 62], "content_span": [63, 144]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077258-0003-0000", "contents": "1959 Pacific Tigers football team, Team players in the AFL/NFL\nThe following College of the Pacific players were selected in the 1960 AFL Draft.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 62], "content_span": [63, 144]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077258-0004-0000", "contents": "1959 Pacific Tigers football team, Team players in the AFL/NFL\nThe following finished their college career at Pacific, were not drafted, but played in the inaugural season of the AFL.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 62], "content_span": [63, 183]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077259-0000-0000", "contents": "1959 Pacific hurricane season\nThe 1959 Pacific hurricane season featured the first Category 5 hurricane ever recorded in the Central Pacific basin.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [29, 29], "content_span": [30, 147]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077259-0001-0000", "contents": "1959 Pacific hurricane season\nDuring the season, 15 storms developed, 5 of those became hurricanes, and 3 of those became major hurricanes. The strongest of the storms was Hurricane Dot, which was a Category 4 and made landfall on Kauai, Hawaii, as a Category 1. Patsy reached 175 miles per hour (282\u00a0km/h) winds, but had a pressure higher than Dot. The deadliest storm of the season was Hurricane Fifteen, which made landfall in Mexico at Category 4 and killed 1,800 people.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [29, 29], "content_span": [30, 475]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077259-0002-0000", "contents": "1959 Pacific hurricane season, Systems, Tropical Storm One\nA 55\u00a0mph (75\u00a0km/h) tropical storm was first located on June 9 while west of Mexico. It did not strengthen any further as it paralleled the Mexican coast. It made landfall near Los Mochis, Mexico on June 12 and dissipated shortly afterward. There are no reports of damages or deaths due to the storm.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 58], "content_span": [59, 358]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077259-0003-0000", "contents": "1959 Pacific hurricane season, Systems, Tropical Storm Two\nOn June 25, a small tropical storm developed off the coast of Mexico. It attained winds of 50\u00a0mph at its peak. It later dissipated on June 27.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 58], "content_span": [59, 201]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077259-0004-0000", "contents": "1959 Pacific hurricane season, Systems, Tropical Storm Clara\nAfter a month of inactivity, a tropical storm formed several thousands of miles south-west of the southern tip of Baja California. This tropical storm began moving north-westwards while keeping its intensity. Winds peaked at 50\u00a0mph (85\u00a0km/h). On July 19, this tropical storm began moving west and finally dissipated 3 days later.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 60], "content_span": [61, 390]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077259-0005-0000", "contents": "1959 Pacific hurricane season, Systems, Tropical Storm Clara\nThe name Clara was assigned from the North Pacific Typhoon name list.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 60], "content_span": [61, 130]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077259-0006-0000", "contents": "1959 Pacific hurricane season, Systems, Tropical Storm Four\nSoon after Tropical Storm Three dissipated, a new tropical storm formed in the open Pacific. Tropical Storm Four moved west, then west-north-west. Like the previous two tropical storms, it did not affect land. It dissipated on July 25.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 59], "content_span": [60, 295]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077259-0007-0000", "contents": "1959 Pacific hurricane season, Systems, Tropical Storm Five\nTropical Storm Five was a short-lived tropical storm, only lasting a day. It peaked at a relatively weak 45\u00a0mph (75\u00a0km/h). It moved parallel to the Mexican coast.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 59], "content_span": [60, 222]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077259-0008-0000", "contents": "1959 Pacific hurricane season, Systems, Hurricane Dot\nDot was first identified as a strong tropical storm southeast of Hawai\u02bbi on August\u00a01. The storm was potentially a continuation of a previously unnamed tropical cyclone that was monitored west of the Baja California Peninsula from July\u00a024-27, but was never confirmed due to a lack of ship reports. Dot was quick to intensify, reaching hurricane intensity six hours after naming. By August\u00a03, Dot reached its peak intensity, with maximum sustained winds reaching 150\u00a0mph (240\u00a0km/h). Intensity leveled off afterwards as Dot tracked westward before making a curve towards the northwest on August\u00a05, after which the hurricane weakened at a faster clip. Dot made landfall the next day on Kauai as a minimal hurricane before dissipating west of the Hawaiian Islands on August\u00a08.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 53], "content_span": [54, 825]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077259-0009-0000", "contents": "1959 Pacific hurricane season, Systems, Hurricane Dot\nDot produced heavy rainfall and gusty winds as it passed south of the Big Island, Lanai, Maui, Molokai, and Oahu, resulting in minor damage. In Oahu, some homes along the coast were unroofed, and damage from wave action was also reported. Damage from these four islands totaled US$150,000, and two indirect deaths occurred in Lanai. Extensive damage occurred on Kauai as Dot made landfall, producing wind gusts as high as 103\u00a0mph (166\u00a0km/h) and toppling trees and power lines. Widespread power outages affected the island, causing telecommunications and water systems to fail.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 53], "content_span": [54, 630]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077259-0009-0001", "contents": "1959 Pacific hurricane season, Systems, Hurricane Dot\nAlthough infrastructure was damaged to an extent by floodwater and strong winds, crops suffered the most losses. Cane sugar crops sustained US$2.7\u00a0million in losses. Overall, damage from Dot across Hawaii totaled US$6\u00a0million, and a disaster area declaration and state of emergency took effect for the archipelago after the hurricane's passage.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 53], "content_span": [54, 398]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077259-0010-0000", "contents": "1959 Pacific hurricane season, Systems, Tropical Storm Seven\nOn August 4, a tropical storm formed at about 26\u00b0N, quite a long way north for tropical cyclone formation. This system gradually moved west and then turned to the west-south-west late on August 5. It dissipated a couple of hours later.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 60], "content_span": [61, 296]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077259-0011-0000", "contents": "1959 Pacific hurricane season, Systems, Tropical Storm Eight\nTropical Storm Eight formed on August 19, several hundred miles west of Mexico. This system did not affect land so no deaths or damages were contributed to this tropical storm.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 60], "content_span": [61, 237]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077259-0012-0000", "contents": "1959 Pacific hurricane season, Systems, Tropical Storm Nine\nJust days after Tropical Storm Eight dissipated, meteorologists noticed a new tropical system that, once again, was out at sea. Although the storm reached 45\u00a0mph winds, it only lasted 2 days.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 59], "content_span": [60, 251]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077259-0013-0000", "contents": "1959 Pacific hurricane season, Systems, Hurricane Ten\nHurricane Ten formed off the coast of Guatemala as a Category 1 hurricane. It nearly made landfall on September 6. The system turned to the north, then NNW on September 7. It made landfall in Baja California Sur and continued along the state before weakening to a tropical storm, then a tropical depression. It dissipated near the USA-Mexico border.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 53], "content_span": [54, 403]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077259-0014-0000", "contents": "1959 Pacific hurricane season, Systems, Hurricane Patsy\nOn September 6, reports from aircraft indicated the existence of a hurricane near the International Date Line. Earlier stages were missed because of a lack of data in the isolated area. Six hours after classification, Patsy reached Category 5 strength, with winds of 160\u00a0mph, although it is possible Category 5 status was reached before. A trough moved Patsy northeast. The trough then weakened, and allowed Patsy to curve northwest. The Japan Meteorological Agency's best track at this time Patsy crossed the dateline, at Category 4 strength.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 55], "content_span": [56, 599]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077259-0014-0001", "contents": "1959 Pacific hurricane season, Systems, Hurricane Patsy\nA second trough then formed, dominated the first, and recurved Patsy northeast, recrossing the dateline, at Category 3 intensity. The storm then quickly weakened due to unfavorable conditions, while slowly curving northwards. From reports, it is estimated Patsy dissipated on September 10, though other reports credit Patsy with having regenerated as a tropical depression on September 13, north of Hawaii. Patsy's track around the International Date Line was unseen and erratic. Typhoon June's track one year prior was somewhat similar to Patsy's.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 55], "content_span": [56, 604]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077259-0015-0000", "contents": "1959 Pacific hurricane season, Systems, Hurricane Patsy\nPatsy is also an uncommon west to east crosser of the dateline, and one of only a few storms known to have crossed the dateline twice. Including only systems recognized by the Central Pacific Hurricane Center, there have been only six other recorded systems that have crossed the dateline from west to east.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 55], "content_span": [56, 363]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077259-0016-0000", "contents": "1959 Pacific hurricane season, Systems, Hurricane Patsy\nThe National Hurricane Center's \"best track\" data set has Patsy exclusively east of the dateline from detection to dissipation. The Japan Meteorological Agency's \"best track\" does not give windspeeds, only indicating that Patsy was a typhoon. The Joint Typhoon Warning Center's report disagrees on location but also has Patsy's maximum windspeed east of the dateline; the JMA's data does not indicate windspeeds. Patsy was the first known Pacific hurricane to reach Category\u00a05 intensity on the Saffir\u2013Simpson scale. Also, its maximum reported windspeed of 150 knots (280\u00a0km/h) makes it the central Pacific hurricane with the highest sustained winds until Hurricane John tied this record in 1994.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 55], "content_span": [56, 751]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077259-0017-0000", "contents": "1959 Pacific hurricane season, Systems, Hurricane Twelve\nTwelve stayed to sea and was a hurricane for its life.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 56], "content_span": [57, 111]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077259-0018-0000", "contents": "1959 Pacific hurricane season, Systems, Tropical Storm Wanda\nTropical Storm Wanda existed from September 26 to September 27. The name Wanda was assigned from the North Pacific Typhoon name list.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 60], "content_span": [61, 194]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077259-0019-0000", "contents": "1959 Pacific hurricane season, Systems, Tropical Storm Fourteen\nTropical Storm Fourteen existed from October 19 to October 21.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 63], "content_span": [64, 126]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077259-0020-0000", "contents": "1959 Pacific hurricane season, Systems, Hurricane Fifteen\nThe most notable storm this year was the 1959 Mexico Hurricane. It made landfall as a Category 4 on October 27 and killed at least 1800 people.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 57], "content_span": [58, 201]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077260-0000-0000", "contents": "1959 Pacific typhoon season\nThe 1959 Pacific typhoon season was regarded as one of the most devastating years for Pacific typhoons on record, with China, Japan and South Korea sustaining catastrophic losses.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [27, 27], "content_span": [28, 207]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077260-0001-0000", "contents": "1959 Pacific typhoon season\nThe scope of this article is limited to the Pacific Ocean, north of the equator and west of the International Date Line. Storms that form east of the Date Line and north of the equator are called hurricanes; see 1959 Pacific hurricane season. All typhoons were assigned a name and number. Tropical storms and tropical depressions formed in the entire west Pacific basin were assigned a name and number by the Joint Typhoon Warning Center, but the latter was not added if no reconnaissance missions were assigned. Systems handled by the responsibility of the USWB and FWB featured no number.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [27, 27], "content_span": [28, 618]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077260-0002-0000", "contents": "1959 Pacific typhoon season\nThe 1959 Pacific typhoon season featured 24 tropical cyclones, though operationally 59 total areas of investigation were classified by the Joint Typhoon Warning Center (JTWC); three systems were handled by the responsibility of FWB at Pearl Harbor and the USWB at Honolulu. Three systems were questionable due to lack of reconnaissance aircraft use. In total, the season featured 65 tropical cyclones and areas of investigation operationally, including central Pacific Hurricane Patsy, which was operationally believed to have crossed the International Date Line into the western Pacific. The first annual tropical cyclone report for the western North Pacific Ocean was issued by the agency.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [27, 27], "content_span": [28, 719]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077260-0003-0000", "contents": "1959 Pacific typhoon season, Season summary\nOf the 33 tropical cyclones and 65 total areas of investigation, 18 storms attained typhoon status, which was below the yearly average of 19. At least nine other tropical systems never exceeded tropical storm intensity operationally. Most of the systems were noted to have developed within the typical spawning grounds for typhoons originating from easterly waves within the Intertropical Convergence Zone; the exceptions were Ellen and Georgia which developed from cold-core troughs extending southward into the tropical latitudes. Of the 18 typhoons that formed, five were first detected within 300\u00a0miles\u00a0(500\u00a0km) of the island of Guam.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 43], "content_span": [44, 682]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077260-0003-0001", "contents": "1959 Pacific typhoon season, Season summary\nThree of the typhoons developed at a slow rate, while three others rapidly intensified to typhoon status within hours. Only four typhoons were small in diameter, while at least three typhoons developed to large sizes and became the dominant tropical features during the season. Two of the typhoons \u2014 Joan and Vera \u2014 featured sea-level pressures below 900\u00a0millibars and were the most intense tropical cyclones during the season, each featuring winds of 190\u00a0mph (305\u00a0km/h) or greater. Of the total number of typhoons, 215 reconnaissance missions were flown into the storms, including 3,799 observations and 391 total fixes. The average track error for each advisory for storms during the season was 63.9\u00a0miles\u00a0(102.8\u00a0km) for 12-hour forecasts and 301.6\u00a0miles\u00a0(485.4\u00a0km) for 48-hour forecasts.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 43], "content_span": [44, 834]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077260-0004-0000", "contents": "1959 Pacific typhoon season, Systems, Tropical Storm Ruby\nThe first tropical storm of the season was detected by reconnaissance aircraft on February 27 about 300 miles (480\u00a0km) south of Yap with winds of 60 miles per hour (97\u00a0km/h). Moving erratically westward, Ruby maintained intensity until it passed 90 miles (140\u00a0km) south of Palau on February 28, when it began to weaken and move to the west-northwest. Ruby weakened to below tropical storm intensity on March 1 and then turned to the southwest. It dissipated later on the same day 300 miles (480\u00a0km) east of Mindanao. Ruby did not affect any major land masses.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 57], "content_span": [58, 617]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077260-0005-0000", "contents": "1959 Pacific typhoon season, Systems, Tropical Storm Sally\nThree days after Ruby dissipated, the second tropical cyclone of the season was detected 200 miles (320\u00a0km) southeast of Majuro in the Marshall Islands with winds of 65 miles per hour (105\u00a0km/h) After drifting northwest, Sally moved to the southwest on March 5 and then began to move westward, with its winds fluctuating to 50 miles per hour (80\u00a0km/h). Sally soon restrengthened on March 6, reaching a secondary peak of 60 miles per hour (97\u00a0km/h), and maintained its intensity for 18\u00a0hours as it moved steadily westward.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 58], "content_span": [59, 580]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077260-0005-0001", "contents": "1959 Pacific typhoon season, Systems, Tropical Storm Sally\nAfter weakening to 45 miles per hour (72\u00a0km/h) on March 8, Sally briefly jogged to the west-northwest on March 9, and it began to re-intensify as it turned back to the west, quickly reaching its third peak of 60 miles per hour (97\u00a0km/h) on March 10. Sally slowly weakened as it turned to the northwest and slowed in forward speed, with its winds decreasing to 45 miles per hour (72\u00a0km/h) on March 11. After briefly restrengthening to 60 miles per hour (97\u00a0km/h) on March 12, Sally turned to the west and quickly weakened to a tropical depression. The depression briefly turned to the west-southwest and dissipated on March 13 300 miles (480\u00a0km) east of Mindanao.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 58], "content_span": [59, 721]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077260-0006-0000", "contents": "1959 Pacific typhoon season, Systems, Typhoon Tilda\nOne month after Sally dissipated, the first typhoon of the season formed from a closed cyclonic circulation 300 miles (480\u00a0km) south of Chuuk. The circulation drifted westward, and reports from the surface showed intensification. On April 14 a reconnaissance aircraft mission estimated winds of tropical storm force, and the third tropical storm of the season was named Tilda. Tilda slowly moved northwest on April 15 as it intensified into a typhoon. Tilda then moved generally to the northwest with minor fluctuations on April 16 and on the following day before turning northward on April 18, when it rapidly intensified.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 51], "content_span": [52, 675]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077260-0006-0001", "contents": "1959 Pacific typhoon season, Systems, Typhoon Tilda\nTilda attained its peak intensity of 145\u00a0mph (233\u00a0km/h) 400 miles (640\u00a0km) west of Guam on April 19, and it slowly weakened as it turned north-northeast and decreased in forward speed. The typhoon became quasi-stationary for 30\u00a0hours on April 20, weakening to a minimal typhoon in the process by the next day. After drifting under weak steering currents, Tilda accelerated to the north-northeast on April 22 and weakened to a tropical storm. Tilda dissipated on April 23 as it merged with the upper-level westerlies 130 miles (210\u00a0km) southwest of Iwo Jima. Thirty-seven warnings for Tilda were issued by the Joint Typhoon Warning Center over the course of seven days. Tilda caused no damage or direct deaths.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 51], "content_span": [52, 761]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077260-0007-0000", "contents": "1959 Pacific typhoon season, Systems, Tropical Depression Violet\nTropical Depression Violet existed offshore Vietnam from June\u00a028 to June\u00a029.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 64], "content_span": [65, 141]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077260-0008-0000", "contents": "1959 Pacific typhoon season, Systems, Tropical Storm Wilda\nAfter two months of inactivity, a tropical depression formed on July 4 in the South China Sea 480\u00a0miles\u00a0(770\u00a0km) west of Luzon. After briefly drifting northeast, the depression moved erratically northward on July 5, and it made landfall on mainland China east of Hong Kong on July 6. The depression quickly dissipated after moving inland. Operationally the system was classified as a tropical storm under the name Wilda, but post-analysis determined the tropical cyclone never attained winds of 39\u00a0mph (63\u00a0km/h) or greater. No reconnaissance aircraft investigated the system, which was one of only three disturbances not monitored during the season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 58], "content_span": [59, 708]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077260-0009-0000", "contents": "1959 Pacific typhoon season, Systems, Tropical Depression Anita\nTropical Depression Anita existed in the vicinity of the Federated States of Micronesia from July\u00a04 to July\u00a06.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 63], "content_span": [64, 174]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077260-0010-0000", "contents": "1959 Pacific typhoon season, Systems, Typhoon Billie\nAn area of disturbed weather east of the Philippines organized into a tropical depression on July 12. Moving to the northwest, it quickly strengthened, reaching tropical storm status later on July 12 and typhoon strength. After peaking at 105\u00a0mph\u00a0(169\u00a0km/h), Billie crossed over northeastern Taiwan, quickly weakened, and made landfall on eastern China on the 15th. A trough of low pressure brought the storm northeastward, where after weakening to a tropical storm, it traversed the Yellow Sea and crossed the Korean Peninsula, losing tropical characteristics on the 18th. Typhoon Billie caused extreme flooding in northeastern Taiwan, causing $500,000 in property damage, leaving 10,000 homeless in the capital city of Taipei, and killing 1. In Japan, the outer edges of the typhoon caused torrential rains, killing 45 and destroying more than 65,000 houses.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 52], "content_span": [53, 913]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077260-0011-0000", "contents": "1959 Pacific typhoon season, Systems, Typhoon Ellen\n115\u00a0mph\u00a0(185\u00a0km/h) Typhoon Ellen, which reached its peak while south of Japan on August 4, struck the southern part of the country on the 7th. It paralleled the southern portion of the archipelago, and became extratropical on the 9th over the open western Pacific Ocean. Ellen dropped up to 35 inches (890\u00a0mm) of rainfall on Japan, killing 11 and causing severe rice crop damage.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 51], "content_span": [52, 431]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077260-0011-0001", "contents": "1959 Pacific typhoon season, Systems, Typhoon Ellen\nEllen's greatest effect, however, was on Taiwan, where torrential rains associated with the typhoon caused disastrous flooding that killed nearly 700, left tens of thousands homeless, and destroyed much of the transportation infrastructure in the central and southwestern part of the island. Some locations received almost 50\u00a0inches of rain in three days, exceeding local annual average totals.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 51], "content_span": [52, 446]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077260-0011-0002", "contents": "1959 Pacific typhoon season, Systems, Typhoon Ellen\nThe heaviest rain event was on August 7, when as much as 25 inches (640\u00a0mm) of rain fell in the mountains and western plains, causing rivers and streams to burst through levees and flood thousands of hectares of farmland, washing away rural villages, and causing widespread urban flooding as well in Taichung and other cities. The economic impact was particularly extensive and long-lasting due to the widespread flooding of farmland. In Taiwan the event is remembered as the \"Great August 7 (8-7) Flood\".", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 51], "content_span": [52, 557]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077260-0012-0000", "contents": "1959 Pacific typhoon season, Systems, Tropical Depression Fran\nTropical Depression Fran existed near Guam from August\u00a011 to August\u00a012.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 62], "content_span": [63, 134]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077260-0013-0000", "contents": "1959 Pacific typhoon season, Systems, Typhoon Georgia\nJust 4\u00a0days after Ellen hit Japan, 105\u00a0mph\u00a0(169\u00a0km/h) Typhoon Georgia hit the southeastern portion of the country. Georgia brought more heavy rains to the country, causing 246 fatalities and leaving over 50,000 homeless. Georgia caused torrential damage to Japan's railroad network, and, combined with Typhoon Ellen, produced a damage total of $50\u00a0million (1959\u00a0USD).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 53], "content_span": [54, 421]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077260-0014-0000", "contents": "1959 Pacific typhoon season, Systems, Tropical Depression Hope\nTropical Depression Hope existed in the South China Sea from August\u00a017 to August\u00a019.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 62], "content_span": [63, 147]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077260-0015-0000", "contents": "1959 Pacific typhoon season, Systems, Typhoon Iris\nTyphoon Iris, which formed on August 19 to the east of Luzon, passed near the northeastern portion of the island on the 21st as a minimal typhoon. It turned to the northwest, peaking at 105\u00a0mph\u00a0(169\u00a0km/h) before weakening to a tropical storm. Iris made landfall on southeastern China on the 22nd, and quickly dissipated. Typhoon Iris caused rough seas off the coast of Luzon, sinking at least two ships and killing 89\u00a0people. In China, the storm brought torrential rains, killing 720\u00a0people with 996\u00a0missing in the Fujian province in southeast China; however, according to the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, the death toll may be as high as 2,334.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 50], "content_span": [51, 716]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077260-0016-0000", "contents": "1959 Pacific typhoon season, Systems, Typhoon Joan\nOn August 25, Tropical Storm Joan formed in the open Western Pacific, and attained typhoon status early the next day. As Joan moved to the west-northwest, it continued to rapidly intensify, reaching Super Typhoon status on the 28th and peak winds of 195\u00a0mph\u00a0(314\u00a0km/h) on the 29th. Such winds are dubious, due to the infancy of Reconnaissance Aircraft at the time and the lack of satellite images. Nevertheless, Joan was a powerful typhoon, and struck eastern Taiwan with estimated winds of 185\u00a0mph\u00a0(298\u00a0km/h) on the 29th.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 50], "content_span": [51, 573]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077260-0016-0001", "contents": "1959 Pacific typhoon season, Systems, Typhoon Joan\nIt rapidly weakened while crossing the island and the Formosa Strait, and dissipated over China on the 31st. Strong winds and heavy flooding caused 11 casualties and $3\u00a0million in crop damage. Property damage was extensive as well, with 3,308 houses destroyed from the typhoon. In China, 3\u00a0people were killed and 57 were injured from Joan.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 50], "content_span": [51, 390]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077260-0017-0000", "contents": "1959 Pacific typhoon season, Systems, Tropical Storm Kate\nTropical Storm Kate existed just east of the Philippines from August\u00a025 to August\u00a027.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 57], "content_span": [58, 143]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077260-0018-0000", "contents": "1959 Pacific typhoon season, Systems, Typhoon Louise\nJust 5\u00a0days after Joan hit Taiwan, 135\u00a0mph\u00a0(217\u00a0km/h) Typhoon Louise hit southeastern Taiwan, and quickly weakened as it moved northward. After weakening to a tropical depression over China, it restrengthened to a tropical storm before hitting North Korea and dissipating on September 7. Louise left 6 dead and over 6000 homeless.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 52], "content_span": [53, 383]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077260-0019-0000", "contents": "1959 Pacific typhoon season, Systems, Tropical Depression Marge\nTropical Depression Marge existed in the South China Sea from September\u00a02 to September\u00a03.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 63], "content_span": [64, 153]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077260-0020-0000", "contents": "1959 Pacific typhoon season, Systems, Tropical Storm Nora\nTropical Storm Nora existed from September\u00a05 to September\u00a012.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 57], "content_span": [58, 119]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077260-0021-0000", "contents": "1959 Pacific typhoon season, Systems, Tropical Depression Opal\nTropical Storm Opal existed from September\u00a05 to September\u00a06.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 62], "content_span": [63, 123]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077260-0022-0000", "contents": "1959 Pacific typhoon season, Systems, Typhoon Patsy\nOn September 6, reports from aircraft indicated the existence of a tropical storm near the International Date Line. Earlier stages were missed because of a lack of data in the isolated area. A trough moved Patsy northeast. A second trough then developed, dominated over the first, and recurved Patsy northeast. It then slowly headed northwards and gradually weakened. It dissipated on September 10. Patsy's erratic path near the dateline was unusual and no known tropical cyclone had taken such a path over the previous ten years, although that of Typhoon June 1958 was somewhat similar.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 51], "content_span": [52, 639]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077260-0023-0000", "contents": "1959 Pacific typhoon season, Systems, Typhoon Patsy\nThe Japan Meteorological Agency's \"best track\" does not give windspeeds, only indicating that Patsy was a typhoon. The Joint Typhoon Warning Center's report disagrees on location but also has Patsy's maximum windspeed east of the dateline; the JMA's data does not indicate windspeeds. Patsy is an uncommon west-to-east crosser of the dateline. Including only systems recognized by the Central Pacific Hurricane Center, that has only happened six times since.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 51], "content_span": [52, 510]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077260-0024-0000", "contents": "1959 Pacific typhoon season, Systems, Tropical Depression Ruth\nTropical Depression Ruth existed from September\u00a08 to September\u00a010.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 62], "content_span": [63, 129]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077260-0025-0000", "contents": "1959 Pacific typhoon season, Systems, Typhoon Sarah\nSuper Typhoon Sarah, which peaked at 190\u00a0mph\u00a0(310\u00a0km/h) on September 15, weakened to a 115\u00a0mph\u00a0(185\u00a0km/h) typhoon just before making landfall on southern South Korea on the 17th. It continued to the northeast, and dissipated on the 19th over northern Japan. In the Ry\u016bky\u016b Islands, Sarah's high winds and rain caused 6 deaths and destroyed 6,000 houses, causing $2\u00a0million in crop damage. In all of Korea, extreme flooding and storm surge killed 669\u00a0people and left 782,126 homeless one day before Chuseok, which is one of the Korea's biggest holidays. Extreme crop damage and property damage amounted to $100\u00a0million (1959\u00a0USD) ($638\u00a0million 2005\u00a0USD). Flooding in Japan killed 24, with thousands of houses either destroyed or damaged.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 51], "content_span": [52, 787]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077260-0026-0000", "contents": "1959 Pacific typhoon season, Systems, Tropical Depression Thelma\nTropical Depression Thelma existed between Palau and Guam from September\u00a018 to September\u00a019.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 64], "content_span": [65, 157]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077260-0027-0000", "contents": "1959 Pacific typhoon season, Systems, Typhoon Vera\nVera developed on September\u00a020 between Guam and Chuuk State, and initially tracked westward before taking a more northerly course, reaching tropical storm strength the following day. By this point Vera had assumed a more westerly direction of movement and had begun to rapidly intensify, and reached its peak intensity on September\u00a023 with maximum sustained winds equivalent to that of a modern-day Category\u00a05 hurricane. With little change in strength, Vera curved and accelerated northward, resulting in a landfall on September\u00a026 near Shionomisaki on Honshu.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 50], "content_span": [51, 611]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077260-0027-0001", "contents": "1959 Pacific typhoon season, Systems, Typhoon Vera\nAtmospheric wind patterns caused the typhoon to briefly emerge into the Sea of Japan before recurving eastward and moving ashore Honshu for a second time. Movement over land greatly weakened Vera, and after reentering the North Pacific Ocean later that day, Vera transitioned into an extratropical cyclone on September\u00a027; these remnants continued to persist for an additional two days.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 50], "content_span": [51, 437]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077260-0028-0000", "contents": "1959 Pacific typhoon season, Systems, Typhoon Vera\nThough Vera was accurately forecast and its track into Japan was well anticipated, limited coverage of telecommunications, combined with lack of urgency from Japanese media and the storm's intensity, greatly inhibited potential evacuation and disaster mitigation processes. Rainfall from the storm's outer rainbands began to cause flooding in river basins well in advance of the storm's landfall. Upon moving ashore Honshu, the typhoon brought a strong storm surge that destroyed numerous flood defense systems, inundating coastal regions and sinking ships. Damage totals from Vera reached US$600\u00a0million (equivalent to US$5.33 billion in 2020). The number of fatalities caused by Vera remain discrepant, though current estimates indicate that the typhoon caused more than 5,000\u00a0deaths, making it one of the deadliest typhoons in Japanese history. It also injured almost 39,000 people and made around 1.5 million people homeless.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 50], "content_span": [51, 980]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077260-0029-0000", "contents": "1959 Pacific typhoon season, Systems, Typhoon Amy\nTyphoon Amy developed near Yap on October\u00a03. After strengthening and subsequent weakening, Amy struck Japan. Shortly thereafter, the system became extratropical on October\u00a09.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 49], "content_span": [50, 224]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077260-0030-0000", "contents": "1959 Pacific typhoon season, Systems, Tropical Storm Babs\nTropical Storm Babs developed in the South China Sea on October\u00a05. The storm struck the western side of Luzon, before entering the Pacific Ocean. By October\u00a010, Babs dissipated south of the Ryukyu Islands.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 57], "content_span": [58, 263]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077260-0031-0000", "contents": "1959 Pacific typhoon season, Systems, Typhoon Charlotte\nAn area of low pressure organized into a tropical depression on October 9 to the east of the Philippines. It moved northwestward, quickly intensifying to typhoon status on the 10th. Charlotte continued to intensify, and reached a peak of 165\u00a0mph\u00a0(266\u00a0km/h) on the 13th before recurving to the northeast. Cooler, drier air weakened the typhoon, and after passing near Okinawa on the 16th it paralleled the southern coast of Japan offshore. The weakening storm turned to the east, and dissipated on the 19th.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 55], "content_span": [56, 562]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077260-0031-0001", "contents": "1959 Pacific typhoon season, Systems, Typhoon Charlotte\nCharlotte brought a total of 24 inches (610\u00a0mm) of rain on Okinawa, causing landslides that damaged much of the island. Crop damage was severe, with 75% of the rice crop destroyed. The five feet of flooding in some areas damaged 618 homes and destroyed 275. In all, Charlotte caused 46 casualties and left 1,068 homeless.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 55], "content_span": [56, 377]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077260-0032-0000", "contents": "1959 Pacific typhoon season, Systems, Typhoon Dinah\nJust weeks after Super Typhoon Vera, another northward moving 170\u00a0mph\u00a0(270\u00a0km/h) Super Typhoon was moving northward toward Japan. Dinah's turn to the northeast spared the country, and it became extratropical on October 21 to the east of the archipelago.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 51], "content_span": [52, 305]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077260-0033-0000", "contents": "1959 Pacific typhoon season, Systems, Typhoon Freda\nA disturbance in the Intertropical Convergence Zone organized into a tropical storm to the east of the Philippines on November 13. Freda moved west-northwestward, attaining typhoon status the next day. As it paralleled the northeast coast of Luzon, it rapidly intensified to a 135\u00a0mph\u00a0(217\u00a0km/h) typhoon, and made landfall on the 16th with slightly weaker winds of 120, the weakening due to land interaction. Freda rapidly weakened as it crossed the island, and turned to the north. After passing close to Taiwan on the 18th, it accelerated to the north and became extratropical on the 20th. Freda brought torrential rains to the city of Manila, driving two vessels aground. Crop damage was heavy on the southern part of the island, while 7,600 were left homeless from the flooding. Freda caused 58 fatalities as it passed through the Philippines.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 51], "content_span": [52, 899]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077260-0034-0000", "contents": "1959 Pacific typhoon season, Systems, Typhoon Gilda\nOn December 18, 175\u00a0mph\u00a0(270\u00a0km/h) Super Typhoon Gilda made landfall on the eastern Philippines. It quickly crossed the archipelago, and weakened over the South China Sea. Gilda made landfall on southeastern Vietnam on the 21st as a tropical storm, and dissipated the next day. Gilda caused 23 casualties in the Philippines from extensive rainfall, and left nearly 60,000 homeless.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 51], "content_span": [52, 433]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077260-0035-0000", "contents": "1959 Pacific typhoon season, Systems, Typhoon Harriet\nOn December 30, just weeks after Gilda, 150\u00a0mph\u00a0(233\u00a0km/h) Typhoon Harriet hit the eastern Philippines. It weakened as it crossed the islands, and dissipated over the South China Sea on January 2. Harriet brought strong winds and rainfall to Luzon, causing considerable property and crop damage. In all, the typhoon killed 5 and left more than 12,000 homeless.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 53], "content_span": [54, 414]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077260-0036-0000", "contents": "1959 Pacific typhoon season, Storm names\nTwo Central Pacific storms developed and were named Dot and Wanda. The policy at the time was to use the Western Pacific nomenclature for the basin.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 40], "content_span": [41, 189]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077261-0000-0000", "contents": "1959 Palanca Awards\nThe Carlos Palanca Memorial Awards for Literature winners in the year 1959 (rank, title of winning entry, name of author).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [19, 19], "content_span": [20, 142]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077262-0000-0000", "contents": "1959 Pan American Games\nThe third Pan American Games were held in Chicago, Illinois, United States between August 28 and September 7, 1959.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [23, 23], "content_span": [24, 139]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077262-0001-0000", "contents": "1959 Pan American Games, Host city selection\nOne city initially submitted a bid to host the 1959 Pan American Games that was recognized by the Pan American Sports Organization (PASO), along with three cities that withdrew their bids. On March 11, 1955, at the IV Pan American Congress in Mexico City, PASO selected Cleveland unanimously to host the III Pan American Games.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 44], "content_span": [45, 372]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077262-0002-0000", "contents": "1959 Pan American Games, Host city selection\nOn April 15, 1957, Cleveland asked PASO to be relieved of their assignment as the host city. Subsequently, both Guatemala City and Rio de Janeiro informed PASO that they would not be able to host the games either. Two cities came forward as candidates host the games, Chicago and S\u00e3o Paulo, and on August 3, 1957, Chicago was selected over S\u00e3o Paulo by a vote of 13 to 6.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 44], "content_span": [45, 416]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077262-0003-0000", "contents": "1959 Pan American Games, Organization\nOnce Chicago took over the game following Cleveland's withdrawal, there were 18 months left to organize the games. The games were held on-schedule nonetheless. The games were the first Pan American Games to be held in the  Northern Hemisphere's summer. The previous two editions were held in March.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 37], "content_span": [38, 336]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077262-0004-0000", "contents": "1959 Pan American Games, The Games\nThe games opened on August 27, 1959, in sunny 90\u00a0\u00b0F (32\u00a0\u00b0C) heat before 40,000 people in Chicago, Illinois, United States at Soldier Field.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 34], "content_span": [35, 174]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077263-0000-0000", "contents": "1959 Pan American Games medal table\nThe 1959 Pan American Games, officially known as the III Pan American Games, were a continental multi-sport event held in Chicago, United States, from August\u00a027 to September\u00a07, 1959. At the Games, 2,263 athletes selected from 25 National Olympic Committees (NOCs) participated in events in 18 sports. Nineteen nations earned medals during the competition, and eleven won at least one gold medal.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [35, 35], "content_span": [36, 431]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077263-0001-0000", "contents": "1959 Pan American Games medal table, Medal table\nThe ranking in this table is based on medal counts published by several media organizations. By default, the table is ordered by the number of gold medals won by the athletes representing a nation. (In this context, a nation is an entity represented by a NOC). The number of silver medals is taken into consideration next and then the number of bronze medals. If nations are still tied, equal ranking is given and they are listed alphabetically by IOC country code.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 48], "content_span": [49, 514]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077263-0002-0000", "contents": "1959 Pan American Games medal table, Medal table\nTo sort this table by nation, total medal count, or any other column, click on the  icon next to the column title.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 48], "content_span": [49, 163]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077264-0000-0000", "contents": "1959 Papua New Guinean by-elections\nBy-elections for all three elected seats in the Legislative Council were held in Papua and New Guinea on 12 September 1959. The incumbent MLCs had resigned due to the imposition of income tax in the territory by the Australian government. All three seats were won by candidates supported by the Taxpayers' Association (which opposed the new tax). The three new MLCs all resigned by 1 October.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [35, 35], "content_span": [36, 428]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077264-0001-0000", "contents": "1959 Papua New Guinean by-elections, Background\nOn 22 June 1959 the three elected members of the Legislative Council \u2013 Ian Downs, Ernest James and Dudley Jones \u2013 resigned from the Council, issuing a joint statement saying that the income tax legislation had been introduced without an inquiry they had demanded, that the public did not have adequate representation on the Council  and that the proposed legislation was too complicated and contained several anomalies. The three also stated that they would not run for re-election unless the council was made more representative.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 47], "content_span": [48, 578]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077264-0002-0000", "contents": "1959 Papua New Guinean by-elections, Campaign\nDespite threats to boycott the elections, by the time nominations closed on 4 August, both the New Guinea Islands and Papua constituencies had two candidates, and only the New Guinea Mainland constituency had no nominations, although Sydney Barker's nomination for the seat arrived four minutes late. When nominations re-opened on 1 September, Barker submitted his application and became the sole contestant.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 45], "content_span": [46, 454]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077264-0003-0000", "contents": "1959 Papua New Guinean by-elections, Campaign\nNew Guinea Islands was contested by John Chipper, a contractor in Rabaul, and William Thomas, a planter in Kokopo. Papua was contested by Stephenson Fox, an accountant, and Vincent Sanders, a contractor. Chipper and Sanders were both backed by the Taxpayers' Association and pledged to resign if requested. Barker also pledged to resign if required.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 45], "content_span": [46, 395]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077264-0004-0000", "contents": "1959 Papua New Guinean by-elections, Aftermath\nAll three elected members resigned shortly after the elections; Chipper and Sanders resigned on 29 September and Barker two days later.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 46], "content_span": [47, 182]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077265-0000-0000", "contents": "1959 Paraguayan Primera Divisi\u00f3n season\nThe 1959 season of the Paraguayan Primera Divisi\u00f3n, the top category of Paraguayan football, was played by 10 teams. The national champions were Olimpia.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [39, 39], "content_span": [40, 193]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077266-0000-0000", "contents": "1959 Paris\u2013Nice\u2013Rome\nThe 1959 Paris\u2013Nice\u2013Rome was the 17th edition of the Paris\u2013Nice cycle race and was held from 4 March to 14 March 1959. The race started in Paris and finished in Rome. It was the only time the race covered this route from Nice to Rome. The race was won by Jean Graczyk of the Helyett team.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [20, 20], "content_span": [21, 309]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077267-0000-0000", "contents": "1959 Paris\u2013Roubaix\nThe 1959 Paris\u2013Roubaix was the 57th\u00a0edition of the Paris\u2013Roubaix, a classic one-day cycle race in France. The single day event was held on 12 April 1959 and stretched 262.5\u00a0km (163\u00a0mi) from Paris to the finish at Roubaix Velodrome. The winner was No\u00ebl For\u00e9 from Belgium.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 18], "section_span": [18, 18], "content_span": [19, 289]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077268-0000-0000", "contents": "1959 Paris\u2013Tours\nThe 1959 Paris\u2013Tours was the 53rd edition of the Paris\u2013Tours cycle race and was held on 11 October 1959. The race started in Paris and finished in Tours. The race was won by Rik Van Looy.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 16], "section_span": [16, 16], "content_span": [17, 204]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077269-0000-0000", "contents": "1959 Pau Grand Prix\nThe 1959 Pau Grand Prix was a Formula Two motor race held on 18 May 1959 at the Pau circuit, in Pau, Pyr\u00e9n\u00e9es-Atlantiques, France. The Grand Prix was won by Maurice Trintignant for the second year in a row, driving the Cooper T51. Bruce McLaren finished second and Lucien Bianchi third.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [19, 19], "content_span": [20, 306]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077270-0000-0000", "contents": "1959 Penistone by-election\nA by-election was held for the British House of Commons constituency of Penistone in South Yorkshire on 11 June 1959. The seat had become vacant on the death of the Labour Member of Parliament Henry McGhee, who had held the seat since the 1935 general election.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [26, 26], "content_span": [27, 288]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077271-0000-0000", "contents": "1959 Penn Quakers football team\nThe 1959 Penn Quakers football team was an American football team that represented the University of Pennsylvania during the 1959 NCAA University Division football season. Penn was named champion of the Ivy League.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [31, 31], "content_span": [32, 246]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077271-0001-0000", "contents": "1959 Penn Quakers football team\nIn their sixth and final year under head coach Steve Sebo, the Quakers compiled a 7\u20131\u20131 record and outscored opponents 195 to 74. Barney Berlinger was the team captain.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [31, 31], "content_span": [32, 200]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077271-0002-0000", "contents": "1959 Penn Quakers football team\nPenn's 6\u20131 conference record was the best in the Ivy League, earning the conference championship. The Quakers outscored their Ivy opponents 147 to 52.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [31, 31], "content_span": [32, 182]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077271-0003-0000", "contents": "1959 Penn Quakers football team\nPenn played its home games at Franklin Field adjacent to the university's campus in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [31, 31], "content_span": [32, 143]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077272-0000-0000", "contents": "1959 Penn State Nittany Lions baseball team\nThe 1959 Penn State Nittany Lions baseball team represented Pennsylvania State University in the 1959 NCAA University Division baseball season. The head coach was Joe Bedenk, serving his 29th year.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 43], "section_span": [43, 43], "content_span": [44, 241]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077272-0001-0000", "contents": "1959 Penn State Nittany Lions baseball team\nThe Nittany Lions lost in the College World Series, defeated by the Oklahoma State.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 43], "section_span": [43, 43], "content_span": [44, 127]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077273-0000-0000", "contents": "1959 Penn State Nittany Lions football team\nThe 1959 Penn State Nittany Lions football team represented the Pennsylvania State University in the 1959 NCAA University Division football season. The team was coached by Rip Engle and played its home games in New Beaver Field in University Park, Pennsylvania.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 43], "section_span": [43, 43], "content_span": [44, 305]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077274-0000-0000", "contents": "1959 Pepperdine Waves football team\nThe 1959 Pepperdine Waves football team represented George Pepperdine College as an independent during the 1959 NCAA College Division football season. The team was led by fifth-year head coach John Scolinos. For the 1959 season, the Waves moved home games back to Sentinel Field on the campus of Inglewood High School in Inglewood, California. They had previously played at Sentinel Field in 1946, 1947, and 1949. Pepperdine finished the season with a record of 2\u20135\u20131.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [35, 35], "content_span": [36, 504]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077274-0001-0000", "contents": "1959 Pepperdine Waves football team, Team players in the NFL\nNo Pepperdine players were selected in the 1960 NFL Draft.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 60], "content_span": [61, 119]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077275-0000-0000", "contents": "1959 Peruvian Primera Divisi\u00f3n\nThe 1959 season of the Primera Divisi\u00f3n Peruana, the top category of Peruvian football, was played by 10 teams. The national champions were Universitario. At the end of the regular season (home and away matches) teams were split in 2 groups of 5 teams: top 5 played for the title and bottom 5 played for the relegation. Teams carried their regular season records and played an additional round (4 further matches). Sporting Cristal won a play-off against Ciclista Lima to determine 5th place in the first stage.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [30, 30], "content_span": [31, 542]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077276-0000-0000", "contents": "1959 Philadelphia Eagles season\nThe 1959 Philadelphia Eagles season was the franchise's 27th season in the National Football League. They improved on their previous output of 2\u20139\u20131, winning seven games. The team failed to qualify for the playoffs for the tenth consecutive season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [31, 31], "content_span": [32, 280]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077276-0001-0000", "contents": "1959 Philadelphia Eagles season, Off-season, NFL Draft\nThe 1959 NFL Draft was held on December 2, 1958 (rounds 1\u20134) and January 21, 1959 (rounds 5\u201330). The draft was 30 rounds long, and had 12 teams making picks. A total of 360 players were selected in this year draft. There was no Lottery bonus pick this year as it had run the course as all 12 teams had been given the bonus pick.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 54], "content_span": [55, 383]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077276-0002-0000", "contents": "1959 Philadelphia Eagles season, Off-season, NFL Draft\nAs the Green Bay Packers had the worst record, a 1-10- 1, in the 1958 NFL season they had the first draft pick and selected Randy Duncan who played Quarterback for the Iowa Hawkeyes was the first pick. The Packers lone win was on Sunday, October 26, 1958 38\u201335 over the Eagles in Green Bay.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 54], "content_span": [55, 345]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077276-0003-0000", "contents": "1959 Philadelphia Eagles season, Off-season, NFL Draft\nThe Philadelphia Eagles and the Chicago Cardinals both had a 2\u20139\u20131 record in the 1958 season, and that was the 2nd worst record in the league, rotated in picking 2nd or 3rd in each round. Both of these teams defeated during the season the eventful Eastern Division champion New York Giants during the regular season. The Eagle 1st round pick, 2nd in the draft, was traded to the Los Angeles Rams for Norm Van Brocklin. The Eagles' first pick in the draft was in round 2 with the 15th pick.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 54], "content_span": [55, 544]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077276-0004-0000", "contents": "1959 Philadelphia Eagles season, Off-season, NFL Draft\nIn this year's NFL Season the Eagles and Packer would both improve to 7\u20135\u20130. Then in 1960 the Eagles and Packers would meet in the 1960 NFL Championship Game in Philadelphia.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 54], "content_span": [55, 229]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077276-0005-0000", "contents": "1959 Philadelphia Eagles season, Off-season, Player selections\nThe table shows the Eagles selections and what picks they had that were traded away and the team that ended up with that pick. It is possible the Eagles' pick ended up with this team via another team that the Eagles made a trade with. Not shown are acquired picks that the Eagles traded away.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 62], "content_span": [63, 355]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077276-0006-0000", "contents": "1959 Philadelphia Eagles season, Schedule, Standings\nNote: Tie games were not officially counted in the standings until 1972.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 52], "content_span": [53, 125]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077276-0007-0000", "contents": "1959 Philadelphia Eagles season, Roster\n(All time List of Philadelphia Eagles players in franchise history)", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 39], "content_span": [40, 107]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077276-0008-0000", "contents": "1959 Philadelphia Eagles season, Postseason\nBefore the start of the 1960 Season, but after the 1960 NFL Draft, on March 19, the NFL had an expansion draft for the Dallas Cowboys. The Philadelphia Eagles lost, Dick Bielski a tight end, Gerry Delucca an offensive tackle, and Bil Striegel, a linebacker.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 43], "content_span": [44, 301]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077277-0000-0000", "contents": "1959 Philadelphia Phillies season\nThe 1959 Philadelphia Phillies season was the 77th season in the history of the franchise. During spring training, manager Eddie Sawyer told the press, \"We're definitely not a last place club... I think the biggest thing we've accomplished is getting rid of the losing complex. That alone makes us not a last place club.\" The Phillies finished in last place in 1959, seven games behind seventh-place St. Louis and 23 games behind the pennant and World Series winning Dodgers. They attracted 802,515 fans to Connie Mack Stadium, seventh in the eight-team league.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [33, 33], "content_span": [34, 595]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077277-0001-0000", "contents": "1959 Philadelphia Phillies season, Offseason\nIn early 1959, Phillies owner Bob Carpenter proposed building a new ballpark for the Phillies on 72 acres (290,000\u00a0m2) adjacent to the Garden State Park Racetrack in Cherry Hill, New Jersey. Connie Mack Stadium was 50 years old, did not have sufficient parking, and the sale of alcohol was banned at sports venues in Pennsylvania. Beer sales were legal in New Jersey. The proposed ballpark would have seated 45,000 fans, been expandable to 60,000, and would have had 15,000 parking spaces. The Phillies would eventually move to the South Philadelphia Sports Complex in 1971. On January 13, Carpenter also changed general managers, replacing Roy Hamey with John J. Quinn, recruited from the defending two-time National League champion Milwaukee Braves. Quinn would run the Phils' front office for almost 14 full seasons.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 44], "content_span": [45, 864]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077277-0002-0000", "contents": "1959 Philadelphia Phillies season, Regular season\nOn April 11, coach Benny Bengough was removed from the coaching staff and reassigned to the front office where he worked in team public relations.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 49], "content_span": [50, 196]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077277-0003-0000", "contents": "1959 Philadelphia Phillies season, Player stats, Batting, Starters by position\nNote: Pos = Position; G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 78], "content_span": [79, 203]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077277-0004-0000", "contents": "1959 Philadelphia Phillies season, Player stats, Batting, Other batters\nNote: G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 71], "content_span": [72, 180]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077277-0005-0000", "contents": "1959 Philadelphia Phillies season, Player stats, Pitching, Starting pitchers\nNote: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 76], "content_span": [77, 187]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077277-0006-0000", "contents": "1959 Philadelphia Phillies season, Player stats, Pitching, Other pitchers\nNote: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 73], "content_span": [74, 184]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077277-0007-0000", "contents": "1959 Philadelphia Phillies season, Player stats, Pitching, Relief pitchers\nNote: G = Games pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; SV = Saves; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 74], "content_span": [75, 175]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077278-0000-0000", "contents": "1959 Philadelphia municipal election\nPhiladelphia's municipal election of November 3, 1959 involved contests for mayor, all seventeen city council seats, and several other executive and judicial offices. Citywide, the Democrats took majorities of over 200,000 votes, continuing their success from the elections four years earlier. Richardson Dilworth, who had been elected mayor in 1955, was re-elected over Republican nominee Harold Stassen. The Democrats also took fifteen of seventeen city council seats, the most seats allowed to any one party under the 1951 city charter. They further kept control of the other citywide offices. The election represented a continued consolidation of control by the Democrats after their citywide victories of the previous eight years.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [36, 36], "content_span": [37, 772]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077278-0001-0000", "contents": "1959 Philadelphia municipal election, Background\nAfter taking control of the city government in 1951, Democrats consolidated their majorities with further success in 1955 and 1957. They hoped to continue the victories made possible by the continuing coalition of reform-minded independents and the Democratic organization led by Democratic City Committee chairman William J. Green, Jr., but tension between the two groups had begun to increase by 1959 as more of the jobs and elected offices went to organization men, with reformers being increasingly marginalized.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 48], "content_span": [49, 565]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077278-0001-0001", "contents": "1959 Philadelphia municipal election, Background\nThe Republican organization had largely collapsed after the 1955 defeat, but looked to rebuild and consolidate under the leadership of former sheriff Austin Meehan. However, as political scientist Robert Freedman wrote several years later, \"there was not much left to consolidate.\" The Philadelphia Inquirer noted the dire condition of the Republicans while predicting a major Democratic victory: \"the Republican organization has been on the border of collapse during the last few years and it is probable that it will not man a number of polling places on Election Day.\"", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 48], "content_span": [49, 620]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077278-0002-0000", "contents": "1959 Philadelphia municipal election, Mayor\nIn the mayor's race, incumbent Democrat Richardson Dilworth ran for reelection against Republican Harold Stassen. After service in World War I and a law degree from Yale, Dilworth practiced law in Philadelphia. He and Joseph S. Clark, Jr., were allies in the anti-corruption reform effort that had swept the city eight years earlier in coalition with the Democratic political organization. Dilworth had run for mayor unsuccessfully in 1947, with Clark as his campaign manager. In 1949, he was elected City Treasurer. He resigned that post to run for governor in 1950, but was defeated by Republican John S. Fine.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 43], "content_span": [44, 656]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077278-0002-0001", "contents": "1959 Philadelphia municipal election, Mayor\nDemocratic party leaders had intended Dilworth to be their candidate for mayor again in 1951, but when Clark announced his candidacy, Dilworth agreed to run for district attorney instead, and won. In 1955, Dilworth got his shot at the mayor's office when Clark instead ran for the Senate; he was elected with 59% of the vote. Four years later, he was renominated without opposition.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 43], "content_span": [44, 426]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077278-0003-0000", "contents": "1959 Philadelphia municipal election, Mayor\nThe Republicans nominated Harold Stassen. In 1938, Stassen was elected Governor of Minnesota at the age of thirty-one. He became known as an efficient, honest, and moderately liberal governor, and was reelected in 1940 and 1942. Stassen resigned as governor shortly after his 1942 reelection to serve in World War II. He made an unsuccessful bid for the Republican nomination for president in 1948; later that year, he was appointed president of the University of Pennsylvania. After four years, he left that position to work in the Dwight D. Eisenhower administration as  a special assistant for nuclear disarmament efforts. In 1958, he sought the nomination for Governor of Pennsylvania, but was unsuccessful.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 43], "content_span": [44, 755]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077278-0004-0000", "contents": "1959 Philadelphia municipal election, Mayor\nAs the 1959 election approached, Republican City Committee leaders Wilbur H. Hamilton and Austin Meehan backed Stassen for their party's nomination. Triumphing over token opposition in the May primary, Stassen pledged to cut taxes and promised to run a \"fusion campaign,\" inviting the support of Democrats dissatisfied with Dilworth's administration. Dilworth called for more spending, especially on streets, highways, and public housing, and admitted that increased taxation was likely the price of those improvements.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 43], "content_span": [44, 563]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077278-0005-0000", "contents": "1959 Philadelphia municipal election, Mayor\nAs in 1955, the result was a landslide for Dilworth. Dilworth called the victory \"greater than we had anticipated\" and said the scale of the landslide \"puts us on a spot. We really have to deliver during the next four years.\" Stassen said he would return to his law practice and promised to continue to build the Republican Party in Philadelphia. Dilworth secured nearly two-thirds of the vote and fifty-eight out of fifty-nine wards, continuing a trend of Democratic dominance in the city's politics.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 43], "content_span": [44, 545]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077278-0006-0000", "contents": "1959 Philadelphia municipal election, City Council\nPhiladelphians elected a seventeen-member city council in 1959, with ten members representing districts of the city, and the remaining seven being elected at-large. For the at-large seats, each political party could nominate five candidates, and voters could only vote for five, with the result being that the majority party could only take five of the seven seats, leaving two for the minority party. The Democrats' citywide dominance continued into the city council races, as took control of all ten of the district seats, up from nine in the previous election. They also retained five of seven at-large seats.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 50], "content_span": [51, 663]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077278-0007-0000", "contents": "1959 Philadelphia municipal election, City Council\nIn the at-large races, four incumbent Democratic candidates, Victor E. Moore, Paul D'Ortona, Marshall L. Shepard, and Leon Kolankiewicz, were re-elected. A fifth Democrat, state legislator Mary Varallo, was elected to the seat vacated by Henry W. Sawyer when he declined to run for re-election. On the Republican side, at-large councilman Louis Schwartz retired and was replaced by Virginia Knauer. Incumbent Thomas M. Foglietta, a lawyer and son of former councilman Michael Foglietta, was re-elected. Losing bids for the Republican at-large seats were attorneys Emil F. Goldhaber and William S. Rawls, and Baptist minister Clarence M. Smith.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 50], "content_span": [51, 694]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077278-0008-0000", "contents": "1959 Philadelphia municipal election, City Council\nAt the district level, Democratic incumbents Emanuel Weinberg (district 1), Gaetano Giordano (district 2), Harry Norwitch (district 3), Samuel Rose (district 4), Michael J. Towey (district 6), James Hugh Joseph Tate (district 7), Henry P. Carr (district 9), and John M. McDevitt (district 10) were all reelected. In the 5th district, Raymond Pace Alexander chose not to run for re-election and fellow Democrat Thomas McIntosh took his place. In the 8th, the Republicans lost their only district-level seat when Wilbur H. Hamilton narrowly lost out to Democrat Alfred Leopold Luongo.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 50], "content_span": [51, 633]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077278-0009-0000", "contents": "1959 Philadelphia municipal election, City commissioners\nIn the race for city commissioners, each party nominated two candidates and the top three were elected. The office was a county office, a holdover from the time before consolidation of the townships in Philadelphia County into one city. The most important of the remaining duties of the commissioners in Philadelphia was the conduct of the city's elections; they also had responsibility for regulating weights and measures. The Democrats' success continued in those races, with incumbent commissioners Maurice S. Osser and Thomas P. McHenry being easily reelected. For the third seat, reserved for the minority party, Republican former city councilman Louis Menna edged out the incumbent Republican commissioner, Walter I. Davidson.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 56], "content_span": [57, 789]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077278-0010-0000", "contents": "1959 Philadelphia municipal election, Other offices and ballot measures\nDemocrat William M. Lennox was reelected county sheriff, his third consecutive term. Louis Amarando, also a Democrat, was reelected clerk of the court of quarter sessions (a court whose jurisdiction was later transferred to the court of common pleas). In the special election for Register of Wills that followed the previous officeholder's appointment as a judge, Democrat John F. Walsh, Jr. easily defeated Republican Jay H. Rosenfeld (Walsh had been appointed in 1959 to fill the vacancy).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 71], "content_span": [72, 563]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077278-0011-0000", "contents": "1959 Philadelphia municipal election, Other offices and ballot measures\nThe Democrats also took six of the ten magisterial district judge positions up for election that year (a local court, the duties of which have since been superseded by the Philadelphia Municipal Court) with former state representative Ralph M. Dennis leading the list. The ballot contained two referendums authorizing the city to take loans for construction of building repairs, streets, sewers, and other civic improvements. They passed with overwhelming support, tallying 70% and 72% affirmative votes.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 71], "content_span": [72, 576]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077279-0000-0000", "contents": "1959 Philippine Senate election\nA senatorial election was held on November 10, 1959 in the Philippines. The 1959 elections were known as the 1959 Philippine midterm elections as the date when the elected officials take office falls halfway through President Carlos P. Garcia's four-year term.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [31, 31], "content_span": [32, 292]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077279-0001-0000", "contents": "1959 Philippine Senate election\nThe Liberal Party continued chipping away from the Nacionalista Party's dominance in the Senate, winning two more seats, although the Nacionalistas still possessed 19 out of 24 seats in the chamber.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [31, 31], "content_span": [32, 230]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077279-0002-0000", "contents": "1959 Philippine Senate election, Results\nThe Nacionalista Party won five seats contested in the election, while the Liberal Party won two, and the Nationalist Citizens' Party won one.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 40], "content_span": [41, 183]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077279-0003-0000", "contents": "1959 Philippine Senate election, Results\nLorenzo Ta\u00f1ada of the Nationalist Citizens' Party and Nacionalistas Mariano Jes\u00fas Cuenco, Fernando Lopez, and Eulogio Rodriguez defended their Senate seats. Lopez was originally from the Democratic Party, and ran as a Nacionalista on this election.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 40], "content_span": [41, 289]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077279-0004-0000", "contents": "1959 Philippine Senate election, Results\nThe two winning Liberals are neophyte senators: Estanislao Fernandez and Ferdinand Marcos. Also entering the Senate for the first time are Nacionalistas Alejandro Almendras and Genaro Magsaysay.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 40], "content_span": [41, 235]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077279-0005-0000", "contents": "1959 Philippine Senate election, Results\nIncumbent Nacionalista senators Edmundo B. Cea and Emmanuel Pelaez both lost.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 40], "content_span": [41, 118]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077280-0000-0000", "contents": "1959 Pittsburgh Panthers football team\nThe 1959 Pittsburgh Panthers football team represented the University of Pittsburgh in the 1959 NCAA University Division football season. The team compiled a 6\u20134 record under head coach John Michelosen.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [38, 38], "content_span": [39, 241]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077281-0000-0000", "contents": "1959 Pittsburgh Pirates season\nThe 1959 Major League Baseball season saw the Pittsburgh Pirates finish in fourth place in the National League at 78\u201376, nine games behind the NL and World Series Champion Los Angeles Dodgers. The Pirates set the record for most extra innings victories in a season, winning 19 of their 21 extra inning games.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [30, 30], "content_span": [31, 339]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077281-0001-0000", "contents": "1959 Pittsburgh Pirates season, Player stats, Batting, Starters by position\nNote: Pos = Position; G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 75], "content_span": [76, 200]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077281-0002-0000", "contents": "1959 Pittsburgh Pirates season, Player stats, Batting, Other batters\nNote: G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 68], "content_span": [69, 177]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077281-0003-0000", "contents": "1959 Pittsburgh Pirates season, Player stats, Pitching, Starting pitchers\nNote: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 73], "content_span": [74, 184]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077281-0004-0000", "contents": "1959 Pittsburgh Pirates season, Player stats, Pitching, Other pitchers\nNote: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 70], "content_span": [71, 181]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077281-0005-0000", "contents": "1959 Pittsburgh Pirates season, Player stats, Pitching, Relief pitchers\nNote: G = Games pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; SV = Saves; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 71], "content_span": [72, 172]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077281-0006-0000", "contents": "1959 Pittsburgh Pirates season, Farm system\nColumbus (GA) franchise transferred to Gastonia, May 26, 1959; San Angelo franchise transferred to Roswell, June 9, 1959", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 43], "content_span": [44, 164]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077282-0000-0000", "contents": "1959 Pittsburgh Steelers season\nThe 1959 Pittsburgh Steelers season was the franchise's 27th in the National Football League.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [31, 31], "content_span": [32, 125]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077282-0001-0000", "contents": "1959 Pittsburgh Steelers season, Regular season, Standings\nNote: Tie games were not officially counted in the standings until 1972.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 58], "content_span": [59, 131]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077283-0000-0000", "contents": "1959 Pittsburgh mayoral special election\nThe special Mayoral election of 1959 in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania was held on Tuesday, November 3, 1959. The winner of the 1957 election, Democrat David Lawrence, had resigned from his position in January 1959 because he was elected Governor of Pennsylvania. City Council President Tom Gallagher moved up to the position of mayor per the city charter. At 75 years old, he chose not to seek reelection. Joe Barr, also a Democrat, won the special election and the remainder of Lawrence's term. Barr, a powerful State Senator and a longtime Lawrence associate, defeated Republican Paul Reinhold, the president of a company that distributed road repair equipment.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [40, 40], "content_span": [41, 699]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077284-0000-0000", "contents": "1959 Pondicherry Representative Assembly election\nAfter the de facto merger on 1 November 1954 and before the legal integration with the Indian Union on 16 August 1962, second general elections were held in August 1959 to constitute Second Pondicherry Representative Assembly.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 49], "section_span": [49, 49], "content_span": [50, 276]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077284-0001-0000", "contents": "1959 Pondicherry Representative Assembly election, Background\nthe Congress, with the support of independents, was able to form a Government after first elections in 1955. However, that government was not stable as the ruling party was ridden with personal strife and factions. The Government of India had to intervene finally by dissolving the Assembly and the Chief Commissioner took over the administration in October 1958. Later, after nine months, second general elections were held to the Pondicherry Representative Assembly in 1959 from 11 to 14 August.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 49], "section_span": [51, 61], "content_span": [62, 559]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077284-0002-0000", "contents": "1959 Pondicherry Representative Assembly election, Results\nHowever, during 1963, the state of parties in the Representative Assembly was: Congress, 24; People's Front (Makka\u1e37 Munna\u1e47i (Tamil:\u0bae\u0b95\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bb3\u0bcd \u0bae\u0bc1\u0ba9\u0bcd\u0ba9\u0ba3\u0bbf)), 12; Praja Socialist Party, 1; Independents, 2.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 49], "section_span": [51, 58], "content_span": [59, 254]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077284-0003-0000", "contents": "1959 Pondicherry Representative Assembly election, Council of ministers of Reddiar (1959-1963)\nUnder supervision of then chief commissioner L.R.S Singh a Council of ministers was formed under leadership of V. Venkatasubba Reddiar: on 9 September 1959. President of the assembly that is equivalent to speaker was A. S. Gangeyan.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 49], "section_span": [51, 94], "content_span": [95, 327]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077284-0004-0000", "contents": "1959 Pondicherry Representative Assembly election, Council of ministers of Goubert (1963-1964)\nThe French settlements of India were de jure transferred on 16 August 1962. Pondicherry Representative Assembly functioned until June 30, 1963 and succeeded by Puducherry Legislative Assembly. The Indian Parliament enacted the Government of Union Territories Act, 1963 that came into force on 1 July 1963, and the pattern of Government prevailing in the rest of the country was introduced in this territory also, but subject to certain limitations. Edouard Goubert became the chief minister in the subsequent Pondicherry Legislative Assembly.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 49], "section_span": [51, 94], "content_span": [95, 637]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077284-0005-0000", "contents": "1959 Pondicherry Representative Assembly election, Council of ministers of Goubert (1963-1964)\nIn the First Legislative Assembly of Pondicherry, under supervision of then chief commissioner S.K. Datta  a Council of ministers was formed under leadership of \u00c9douard Goubert: on 1 July 1963. Speaker was A. S. Gangeyan.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 49], "section_span": [51, 94], "content_span": [95, 316]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077284-0006-0000", "contents": "1959 Pondicherry Representative Assembly election, Trivia\nIn Yanam, for Kanakalapeta constituency, two independents secured exactly 707 votes each and so to decide the winner, lots were cast. Finally, Kamichetty Savithri was declared winner. In the same constituency, Congress candidate polled only 8 votes.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 49], "section_span": [51, 57], "content_span": [58, 307]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077285-0000-0000", "contents": "1959 Portuguese Grand Prix\nThe 1959 Portuguese Grand Prix was a Formula One motor race held at Monsanto on 23 August 1959. It was race 7 of 9 in the 1959 World Championship of Drivers and race 6 of 8 in the 1959 International Cup for Formula One Manufacturers. It was the eighth Portuguese Grand Prix and the second to be held for the Formula One World Drivers' Championship. It was the third time the race was held at Monsanto and the first for Formula One. The race was held over 62 laps of the five kilometre circuit for a total race distance of 337 kilometres.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [26, 26], "content_span": [27, 564]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077285-0001-0000", "contents": "1959 Portuguese Grand Prix\nThe race was won by British driver Stirling Moss, his eleventh Grand Prix victory, driving a Cooper T51 for privateer race team Rob Walker Racing Team. Moss finished a lap ahead of American racer Masten Gregory driving a similar Cooper T51 for the factory Cooper Car Company team. American Scuderia Ferrari driver Dan Gurney finished third in his Ferrari Dino 246.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [26, 26], "content_span": [27, 391]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077285-0002-0000", "contents": "1959 Portuguese Grand Prix, Race report\nWins in France and Germany had given Tony Brooks a healthy second place in the championship behind Jack Brabham. Stirling Moss improved on his poor championship position with a dominating drive, lapping the entire field. Phil Hill and Graham Hill crashed into each other on lap 6, whilst Brabham had an enormous somersaulting crash from which he emerged unscathed. Gurney was the only Ferrari in the top eight with Maurice Trintignant and Harry Schell rounding off the top five.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [28, 39], "content_span": [40, 518]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077285-0003-0000", "contents": "1959 Portuguese Grand Prix, Race report\nWith Brabham failing to finish and Brooks finishing a distant five laps down in ninth, Moss closed the gap to just 9\u00bd points behind Brabham and 5\u00bd points behind Brooks in the championship race.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [28, 39], "content_span": [40, 233]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077286-0000-0000", "contents": "1959 Preakness Stakes\nThe 1959 Preakness Stakes was the 84th running of the $200,000 Preakness Stakes thoroughbred horse race. The race took place on May 16, 1959, and was televised in the United States on the CBS television network. Royal Orbit, who was jockeyed by William Harmatz, won the race by four lengths over runner-up Sword Dancer. Approximate post time was 5:47\u00a0p.m. Eastern Time. The race was run on a fast track in a final time of 1:57 flat  The Maryland Jockey Club reported total attendance of 31,506, this is recorded as second highest on the list of American thoroughbred racing top attended events for North America in 1959.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [21, 21], "content_span": [22, 642]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077287-0000-0000", "contents": "1959 Primera Divisi\u00f3n de Chile\nThe 1959 Campeonato Nacional de F\u00fatbol Profesional, was the 27th season of top-flight football in Chile. Universidad de Chile won their second title following a 2\u20131 win against Colo-Colo in the championship play-off on 11 November 1959, also qualifying to the 1960 Copa de Campeones.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [30, 30], "content_span": [31, 314]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077288-0000-0000", "contents": "1959 Prince Edward Island general election\nThe 1959 Prince Edward Island general election was held in the Canadian province of Prince Edward Island on September 1, 1959.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 42], "section_span": [42, 42], "content_span": [43, 169]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077288-0001-0000", "contents": "1959 Prince Edward Island general election\nThe governing Liberals of Premier Alex W. Matheson were defeated by the Progressive Conservatives led by Walter R. Shaw, who gained a massive number of districts across the Island to earn a majority government, despite a close result in the popular vote.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 42], "section_span": [42, 42], "content_span": [43, 297]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077288-0002-0000", "contents": "1959 Prince Edward Island general election\nThe defeat of the Matheson-led Liberals marked the end of the longest serving government in Island history. The Liberals had governed for 24 straight years since their initial victory in the 1935 general election, a feat that would not be rivaled by any other provincial government on the Island.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 42], "section_span": [42, 42], "content_span": [43, 339]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077288-0003-0000", "contents": "1959 Prince Edward Island general election, Members Elected\nThe Legislature of Prince Edward Island had two levels of membership from 1893 to 1996 - Assemblymen and Councillors. This was a holdover from when the Island had a bicameral legislature, the General Assembly and the Legislative Council.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 42], "section_span": [44, 59], "content_span": [60, 297]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077288-0004-0000", "contents": "1959 Prince Edward Island general election, Members Elected\nIn 1893, the Legislative Council was abolished and had its membership merged with the Assembly, though the two titles remained separate and were elected by different electoral franchises. Assembleymen were elected by all eligible voters of within a district, while Councillors were only elected by landowners within a district.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 42], "section_span": [44, 59], "content_span": [60, 387]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077289-0000-0000", "contents": "1959 Princeton Tigers football team\nThe 1959 Princeton Tigers football team was an American football team that represented Princeton University during the 1958 NCAA University Division football season. Princeton tied for fifth in the Ivy League.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [35, 35], "content_span": [36, 245]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077289-0001-0000", "contents": "1959 Princeton Tigers football team\nIn their third year under head coach Dick Colman, the Tigers compiled a 4\u20135 record but outscored opponents 124 to 97. Frank C. Szvetecz was the team captain.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [35, 35], "content_span": [36, 193]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077289-0002-0000", "contents": "1959 Princeton Tigers football team\nPrinceton's 3\u20134 conference record tied for fifth-best in the Ivy League. The Tigers were outscored 82 to 76 by Ivy opponents.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [35, 35], "content_span": [36, 161]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077289-0003-0000", "contents": "1959 Princeton Tigers football team\nPrinceton played its home games at Palmer Stadium on the university campus in Princeton, New Jersey.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [35, 35], "content_span": [36, 136]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077290-0000-0000", "contents": "1959 Pro Bowl\nThe 1959 Pro Bowl was the NFL's ninth annual all-star game which featured the outstanding performers from the 1958 season. The game was played on January 11, 1959, at the Los Angeles Memorial Coliseum in Los Angeles, California in front of 72,250 fans. The final score was East 28, West 21.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 13], "section_span": [13, 13], "content_span": [14, 304]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077290-0001-0000", "contents": "1959 Pro Bowl\nThe West team was led by the Baltimore Colts' Weeb Ewbank while Jim Lee Howell of the New York Giants coached the East squad. New York Giants quarterback Frank Gifford was selected as the outstanding back of the game and defensive lineman Doug Atkins of the Chicago Bears was named the outstanding lineman.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 13], "section_span": [13, 13], "content_span": [14, 320]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077292-0000-0000", "contents": "1959 Purdue Boilermakers football team\nThe 1959 Purdue Boilermakers football team was an American football team that represented Purdue University during the 1959 Big Ten Conference football season. In their fourth season under head coach Jack Mollenkopf, the Boilermakers compiled a 5\u20132\u20132 record, finished in a tie for third place in the Big Ten Conference with a 4\u20132\u20131 record against conference opponents, and outscored all opponents by a combined total of 109 to 81.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [38, 38], "content_span": [39, 469]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077293-0000-0000", "contents": "1959 RAC Tourist Trophy\nThe 1959 News of the World sponsor the 24th R.A.C. Tourist Trophy was contested on 5 September at the Goodwood Circuit, England. It was the fifth and final round of the 1959 World Sportscar Championship. The race was the title-decider in a three-way contest between Aston Martin, Ferrari and Porsche.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [23, 23], "content_span": [24, 324]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077293-0001-0000", "contents": "1959 RAC Tourist Trophy, Report, Entry\nA grand total 31 racing cars were registered for this event, of which all 31 arrived for practice and qualifying. The entrant for championship leaders, Scuderia Ferrari, entered four cars for the event. Among their squad include Phil Hill, Tony Brooks and Olivier Gendebien, and they were placed in two cars, spreading the Italian marques options. As for David Brown\u2019s Aston Martins, they had actually ruled against racing in the championship due to the cost, but with a chance of the title, entered three DBR1/300s for Stirling Moss/Roy Salvadori, Carroll Shelby/Jack Fairman and Maurice Trintignant/Paul Fr\u00e8re. The third manufacturer in the title race, Porsche, also brought three cars, led by Jo Bonnier and Wolfgang von Trips.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 38], "content_span": [39, 769]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077293-0002-0000", "contents": "1959 RAC Tourist Trophy, Report, Qualifying\nThe Aston Martin DBR1/300 of Stirling Moss took pole position, averaging a speed of 94.737\u00a0mph around the 2.4 mile circuit.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 43], "content_span": [44, 167]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077293-0003-0000", "contents": "1959 RAC Tourist Trophy, Report, Race\nThe race was run in typically Goodwood Indian summer sun, which saw Aston Martin triumph again, retain the Tourist Trophy, when the combination of Shelby/Fairman, joined late in the race by Moss brought their DBR1/300 home in first place, but Bonnier/von Trips were second for Porsche from Gendebien/Hill/Brooks/Cliff Allison.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 37], "content_span": [38, 364]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077293-0004-0000", "contents": "1959 RAC Tourist Trophy, Report, Race\nThis does not tell for full story for at Salvadori\u2019s first fuel stop, the car caught fire during refuelling, destroying it along with the pit et al. Graham Whitehead sportingly withdrew his privately entered Aston Martin so that the David Brown\u2019s work cars would have a home, and Moss was transferred to the Shelby/Fairman motor; as a result of this win Aston Martin became the 1959 World Champions.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 37], "content_span": [38, 437]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077293-0005-0000", "contents": "1959 RAC Tourist Trophy, Report, Race\nThe winning trio of Sheby/Fairman/Moss won in a time of 6hr 00:46.8 mins., averaging a speed of 89.406\u00a0mph. They covered a distance of 537.6 miles. One lap adrift was the Bonnier/van Trips\u2019s Porsche, with the first Ferrari home also one lap behind.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 37], "content_span": [38, 286]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077293-0006-0000", "contents": "1959 RAC Tourist Trophy, Standings after the race\nChampionship points were awarded for the first six places in each race in the order of 8-6-4-3-2-1. Manufacturers were only awarded points for their highest finishing car with no points awarded for positions filled by additional cars. Only the best 3 results out of the 5 races could be retained by each manufacturer. Points earned but not counted towards the championship totals are listed within brackets in the above table.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 49], "content_span": [50, 476]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077294-0000-0000", "contents": "1959 Railway Cup Hurling Championship\nThe 1959 Railway Cup Hurling Championship was the 33rd series of the inter-provincial hurling Railway Cup. Two matches were played between 17 March 1959 and 7 June 1959 to decide the title. It was contested by Connacht, Leinster and Munster.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [37, 37], "content_span": [38, 279]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077294-0001-0000", "contents": "1959 Railway Cup Hurling Championship\nOn 7 June 1959, Munster won the Railway Cup after a 7-11 to 2-06 defeat of Connacht in the final at Croke Park, Dublin. It was their third Railway Cup title in succession. The new Hogan Stand was officially opened on the day of the final.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [37, 37], "content_span": [38, 276]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077294-0002-0000", "contents": "1959 Railway Cup Hurling Championship\nMunster's Christy Ring was the Railway Cup top scorer with 4-05.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [37, 37], "content_span": [38, 102]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077295-0000-0000", "contents": "1959 Republic of the Congo parliamentary election\nParliamentary elections were held in the Republic of the Congo on 14 June 1959. The result was a victory for the Democratic Union for the Defense of African Interests, which won 51 of the 61 seats.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 49], "section_span": [49, 49], "content_span": [50, 247]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077296-0000-0000", "contents": "1959 Rhineland-Palatinate state election\nThe Rhineland-Palatinate state election, 1959 was conducted on 19 April 1959 to elect members to the Landtag, the state legislature of Rhineland-Palatinate, West Germany.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [40, 40], "content_span": [41, 211]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077296-0001-0000", "contents": "1959 Rhineland-Palatinate state election\nThis German elections-related article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by .", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [40, 40], "content_span": [41, 117]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077297-0000-0000", "contents": "1959 Rhode Island Rams football team\nThe 1959 Rhode Island Rams football team was an American football team that represented the University of Rhode Island as a member of the Yankee Conference during the 1959 NCAA College Division football season. In its fourth season under head coach Herb Maack, the team compiled a 3\u20135\u20131 record (1\u20132\u20131 against conference opponents), tied for fourth place out of six teams in the Yankee Conference, and was outscored by a total of 159 to 64. The team played its home games at Meade Stadium in Kingston, Rhode Island.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [36, 36], "content_span": [37, 551]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077298-0000-0000", "contents": "1959 Rice Owls football team\nThe 1959 Rice Owls football team represented Rice University during the 1959 NCAA University Division football season. The Owls were led by 20th-year head coach Jess Neely and played their home games at Rice Stadium in Houston, Texas. They competed as members of the Southwest Conference, finishing in sixth.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [28, 28], "content_span": [29, 337]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077299-0000-0000", "contents": "1959 Rose Bowl\nThe 1959 Rose Bowl was the 45th edition of the college football bowl game, played at the Rose Bowl in Pasadena, California, on Thursday, January 1. The heavily-favored and second-ranked Iowa Hawkeyes of the Big Ten Conference defeated the #16 California Golden Bears of the Pacific Coast Conference, 38\u201312. Iowa's star halfback Bob Jeter was named the  Player of the Game.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [14, 14], "content_span": [15, 387]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077299-0001-0000", "contents": "1959 Rose Bowl\nIowa was behind LSU in the two major polls taken prior to the bowl games that year, but was named national champion outright in the only poll (Football Writers) taken after the bowl games.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [14, 14], "content_span": [15, 203]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077299-0002-0000", "contents": "1959 Rose Bowl\nFormer Berkeley, California city mayor Tom Bates was a member of the California Golden Bears team.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [14, 14], "content_span": [15, 113]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077299-0003-0000", "contents": "1959 Rose Bowl\nIt was the sixth straight Rose Bowl win for the Big Ten, and the twelfth of the last thirteen. The PCC disbanded in the spring and five of its members formed the new AAWU (Big Five), while the other four competed as independents for several years.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [14, 14], "content_span": [15, 262]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077299-0004-0000", "contents": "1959 Rose Bowl, Teams, Iowa Hawkeyes\nSecond-ranked Iowa were the Big Ten champions, entered the game with a record of 7\u20131\u20131 (5\u20131 Big Ten), and were favored by eighteen points.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [16, 36], "content_span": [37, 175]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077299-0005-0000", "contents": "1959 Rose Bowl, Teams, California Golden Bears\nSixteenth-ranked California, led by quarterback Joe Kapp, entered the game as Pacific Coast Conference champions with a record of 7\u20133 (6\u20131 PCC).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [16, 46], "content_span": [47, 191]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077299-0006-0000", "contents": "1959 Rose Bowl, Game summary\nRandy Duncan helped Iowa take a 14\u20130 lead with a touchdown run in the first quarter and a touchdown pass to Jeff Langston in the second quarter. The Hawkeye backfield carried Iowa the rest of the way, as Willie Fleming ran for two touchdowns and Bob Jeter, the Rose Bowl Most Valuable Player, and Don Horn each ran for one touchdown. Iowa attempted a Rose Bowl record three two-point conversions and failed on all three, while Bob Prescott made one of two extra points.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [16, 28], "content_span": [29, 498]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077299-0006-0001", "contents": "1959 Rose Bowl, Game summary\nEnd Jack Hart scored all of California's twelve points, running for a touchdown in the third quarter and catching a touchdown in the fourth quarter, both of which were followed by failed two-point conversion attempts. Iowa broke four Rose Bowl records: longest run (Jeter 81), team rushing yards (429), team total yards (516) and individual rushing yards (Jeter 194); and tied another Rose Bowl record set by Georgia in 1943: first downs (24). The attendance was 98,297.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [16, 28], "content_span": [29, 499]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077299-0007-0000", "contents": "1959 Rose Bowl, Game summary\nFour Rose Bowl game records were set: Jeter's 81-yard run, his 194  yards of rushing offense, the 429 yards gained on the ground and the 516 yards of total offense.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [16, 28], "content_span": [29, 193]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077300-0000-0000", "contents": "1959 Rutgers Scarlet Knights football team\nThe 1959 Rutgers Scarlet Knights football team represented Rutgers University in the 1959 NCAA University Division football season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 42], "section_span": [42, 42], "content_span": [43, 174]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077300-0001-0000", "contents": "1959 Rutgers Scarlet Knights football team\nIn their fourth and final season under head coach John Stiegman, the Scarlet Knights compiled a 6\u20133 record, won the Middle Three Conference championship, and outscored their opponents 132 to 121. Rutgers finished fifth in the Middle Atlantic Conference, University Division, with a 2\u20132 record in conference play.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 42], "section_span": [42, 42], "content_span": [43, 355]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077300-0002-0000", "contents": "1959 Rutgers Scarlet Knights football team\nThe team's statistical leaders included Sam Mudie with 339 passing yards, Jim Rogers with 161 rushing yards, and Bob Simms with 345 receiving yards.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 42], "section_span": [42, 42], "content_span": [43, 191]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077300-0003-0000", "contents": "1959 Rutgers Scarlet Knights football team\nThe Scarlet Knights played their home games in Rutgers Stadium, in Piscataway, New Jersey, across the river from Rutgers' New Brunswick main campus.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 42], "section_span": [42, 42], "content_span": [43, 191]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077301-0000-0000", "contents": "1959 Ryder Cup\nThe 13th Ryder Cup Matches were held November 6\u20137, 1959 at the Eldorado Country Club in Indian Wells, California. The United States team won the competition by a score of 81\u20442 to 31\u20442 points.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [14, 14], "content_span": [15, 206]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077301-0001-0000", "contents": "1959 Ryder Cup\nThe British were again led by Dai Rees, but were unable to repeat the heroics of two years earlier and were comprehensively beaten on American soil. The Americans took a 21\u20442\u201311\u20442 lead in the foursomes before finishing off the British challenge in the singles by winning five matches with two matches finishing all square to win the cup back.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [14, 14], "content_span": [15, 357]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077301-0001-0001", "contents": "1959 Ryder Cup\nThe British won just one foursome match with Christy O'Connor and Peter Alliss beating Art Wall Jr. and Doug Ford by 3 & 2 and one singles match when Eric Brown beat Cary Middlecoff by 4 & 3 however by the time his match was won the United States had already won the competition.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [14, 14], "content_span": [15, 294]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077301-0002-0000", "contents": "1959 Ryder Cup, Format\nThe Ryder Cup is a match play event, with each match worth one point. Since the inaugural event in 1927, the format consisted of four foursome (alternate shot) matches on the first day and eight singles matches on the second day, for a total of 12 points. Therefore, 61\u20442 points were required to win the Cup, and all matches were played to a maximum of 36 holes. This was the last Ryder Cup played under this format.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [16, 22], "content_span": [23, 439]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077301-0003-0000", "contents": "1959 Ryder Cup, Teams\nSeven members of the British team were chosen using a Ryder Cup points system based on performances during the 1959 season. The first event was the PGA Close Championship starting on 8 April with the final event being the Irish Hospitals Tournament finishing on 12 July. The seven qualifiers were Hunt, Rees, Weetman, Mills, Alliss, Drew and O'Connor. The remaining three, Bousfield, Brown and Thomas, were selected by the P.G.A. tournament committee in late September, after the Dunlop Masters.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [16, 21], "content_span": [22, 517]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077301-0004-0000", "contents": "1959 Ryder Cup, Teams\nThe British team sailed from Southampton on 15 October on the Queen Elizabeth. Mills had a back injury while the team was in Washington and was to be replaced by John Panton. However, he recovered enough to attend the event, although he was not chosen to play any matches; Hunt was also not in full health, suffering from bronchial trouble. The British team had a rough trip on a short flight from Los Angeles to Palm Springs and nearly all the players were ill, with some taking several days to recover.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [16, 21], "content_span": [22, 526]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077301-0005-0000", "contents": "1959 Ryder Cup, Friday's foursome matches\nTwo matches went to the last hole. Boros and Finsterwald were 1 up against Rees and Bousfield playing the last. The match ended when the British pair put their second shot in the water and took 4 to reach the green. Weetman and Thomas were 1 up against Snead and Middlecoff at the last. Snead put his second in the water but rather than playing short, Weetman also put his second in the water. Middlecoff then chipped to 8 feet and Snead holed the putt to win the hole and halve the match. Weetman received some criticism for his decision not to lay-up.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [16, 41], "content_span": [42, 595]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077301-0006-0000", "contents": "1959 Ryder Cup, Friday's foursome matches\n18 hole scores: Rosburg/Souchak: 6 up, Boros/Finsterwald: 1 up, O'Connor/Alliss: 2 up, Snead/Middlecoff: 1 up.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [16, 41], "content_span": [42, 152]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077301-0007-0000", "contents": "1959 Ryder Cup, Saturday's singles matches\nThe Americans got off to a good start in many of the matches and had large leads in five of the matches at lunch. Eric Brown was the only British winner on the day.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [16, 42], "content_span": [43, 207]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077301-0008-0000", "contents": "1959 Ryder Cup, Saturday's singles matches\n18 hole scores: Ford: 1 up, Souchak: 4 up, Rosburg: 4 up, Snead: 4 up, Wall: 5 up, Finsterwald: 5 up, Alliss: 1 up, Brown: 3 up.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [16, 42], "content_span": [43, 171]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077301-0009-0000", "contents": "1959 Ryder Cup, Individual player records\nEach entry refers to the Win\u2013Loss\u2013Half record of the player.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [16, 41], "content_span": [42, 102]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077302-0000-0000", "contents": "1959 SANFL Grand Final\nThe 1959 SANFL Grand Final was an Australian rules football competition. Port Adelaide beat West Adelaide 87 to 77 to claim its sixth consecutive premiership.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [22, 22], "content_span": [23, 181]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077302-0001-0000", "contents": "1959 SANFL Grand Final, Six-in-a-row\nBy winning the 1959 SANFL Grand Final, Port Adelaide set a senior Australian rules football record winning six consecutive Grand Finals.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [24, 36], "content_span": [37, 173]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077303-0000-0000", "contents": "1959 SANFL season\nThe 1959 South Australian National Football League season was the 80th season of the top-level Australian rules football competition in South Australia.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [17, 17], "content_span": [18, 170]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077303-0001-0000", "contents": "1959 SANFL season\nBy winning the 1959 SANFL Grand Final, Port Adelaide set the Australian record of six consecutive Grand Final victories in a top level state competition when it defeated West Adelaide by 10 points.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [17, 17], "content_span": [18, 215]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077304-0000-0000", "contents": "1959 SCCA National Sports Car Championship\nThe 1959 SCCA National Sports Car Championship season was the ninth season of the Sports Car Club of America's National Sports Car Championship. It began April 5, 1959, and ended November 15, 1959, after fourteen races.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 42], "section_span": [42, 42], "content_span": [43, 262]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077305-0000-0000", "contents": "1959 SMU Mustangs football team\nThe 1959 Southern Methodist University Mustangs football team represented the Southern Methodist University in the 1959 NCAA University Division football season. The Mustangs offense scored 147 points while the defense allowed 133 points. At season's end, the Mustangs were not ranked in the national standings.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [31, 31], "content_span": [32, 343]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077306-0000-0000", "contents": "1959 Sacramento State Hornets football team\nThe 1959 Sacramento State Hornets football team represented Sacramento State College during the 1959 NCAA College Division football season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 43], "section_span": [43, 43], "content_span": [44, 183]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077306-0001-0000", "contents": "1959 Sacramento State Hornets football team\nSacramento State competed in the Far Western Conference (FWC). The Hornets were led by third-year head coach Johnny Baker. They played home games at Charles C. Hughes Stadium in Sacramento, California. The team finished the season with a record of two wins and seven losses (2\u20137, 1\u20134 FWC). For the season the team was outscored by its opponents 107\u2013222.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 43], "section_span": [43, 43], "content_span": [44, 397]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077306-0002-0000", "contents": "1959 Sacramento State Hornets football team, Team players in the NFL\nNo Sacramento State players were selected in the 1960 NFL Draft.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 43], "section_span": [45, 68], "content_span": [69, 133]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077307-0000-0000", "contents": "1959 Saga gubernatorial election\nA gubernatorial election was held on 23 April 1959 to elect the Governor of Saga Prefecture. Sunao Ikeda won the governorship in an election of three newcomers.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [32, 32], "content_span": [33, 193]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077308-0000-0000", "contents": "1959 Saint Louis Billikens men's soccer team\nThe 1959 Saint Louis Billikens men's soccer team represented Saint Louis University during the 1959 NCAA soccer season. The Billikens won the first ever national title this season. It was the second ever season the Billikens fielded a men's varsity soccer team, and it is considered by many American soccer historians to be the start of a dynasty.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [44, 44], "content_span": [45, 392]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077309-0000-0000", "contents": "1959 Sammarinese general election\nGeneral elections were held in San Marino on 13 September 1959. The Sammarinese Christian Democratic Party remained the largest party, winning 27 of the 60 seats in the Grand and General Council.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [33, 33], "content_span": [34, 229]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077309-0001-0000", "contents": "1959 Sammarinese general election, Electoral system\nVoters had to be citizens of San Marino, male and at least 24 years old.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 51], "content_span": [52, 124]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077310-0000-0000", "contents": "1959 San Diego F3H crash\nThe 1959 San Diego F3H crash was the crash of a United States Navy McDonnell F3H-2N Demon in San Diego, California, on 4 December 1959. The pilot, Ensign Albert Joseph Hickman from VF-121, chose not to eject from the stricken aircraft, piloting it away from populated areas of Clairemont, including an elementary school, saving \"as many as 700 people\" on the ground, according to one estimate. The aircraft crashed into a canyon, with the pilot being the sole fatality. Hickman has been memorialized in the naming of an elementary school and a sports complex in San Diego. Several decades later, a similar crash occurred in University City, a neighborhood north of Clairemont.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [24, 24], "content_span": [25, 701]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077310-0001-0000", "contents": "1959 San Diego F3H crash, Background, Pilot\nAlbert Joseph Hickman was born in Sioux City, Iowa, on April 4, 1938. Later he graduated from Central High School in 1956, enlisting in the Navy before graduating. Hickman was a naval aviator, being assigned to VF-121, a training squadron at Naval Air Station Miramar.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 43], "content_span": [44, 312]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077310-0002-0000", "contents": "1959 San Diego F3H crash, Background, Crash district\nMiramar was previously part of a rancho controlled by Mission San Diego de Alcal\u00e1, before becoming Camp Kearny, a Naval Auxiliary Air Field, and then Miramar Naval Air Station. Another part of the rancho controlled by Mission San Diego de Alcal\u00e1 would become the current neighborhood of Clairemont; previously cattle grazing land, it was developed in the 1950s into one of the United States' largest postwar planned tract house suburban communities. Part of the neighborhood of Clairemont is within the airport traffic area of Miramar.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 52], "content_span": [53, 588]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077310-0003-0000", "contents": "1959 San Diego F3H crash, Crash\nOn 4 December 1959, Hickman was practicing carrier landings. As he returned to Miramar in his McDonnell F3H-2N Demon, the aircraft's engine failed. The aircraft was at an altitude of 2,000 feet (610\u00a0m) when the engine compressor stalled and surged. It was reported that Hickman chose not to eject from the stricken aircraft and even opened the aircraft canopy and waved to warn children of his aircraft, all the while steering it away from Hawthorne Elementary School in Clairemont, just missing the school's fence. Ultimately, the aircraft crashed in San Clemente Canyon; it resulted in a burning of 20 acres (81,000\u00a0m2) of canyon brush. Hickman  was the sole fatality.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 31], "content_span": [32, 702]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077310-0004-0000", "contents": "1959 San Diego F3H crash, Aftermath\nAn estimate claims that as many as 700 lives were saved when Hickman steered the aircraft during its crash. For his actions that led to his death, Hickman was posthumously awarded the Navy and Marine Corps Medal. He is buried at Memorial Park Cemetery in Sioux City. The location of the crash site is on Diane Avenue in Clairemont, with no remnants remaining at the site.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 35], "content_span": [36, 407]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077310-0005-0000", "contents": "1959 San Diego F3H crash, Aftermath\nHickman has been memorialized in several ways; in 1962, an American Legion post in Kearny Mesa was dedicated to Hickman. In 1971, an elementary school in the Mira Mesa neighborhood was named after Hickman; its construction was completed in 1976. In 1994, on land leased from the US Navy, a sports complex was also dedicated in honor of Hickman.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 35], "content_span": [36, 380]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077310-0006-0000", "contents": "1959 San Diego F3H crash, Aftermath\nSeveral decades later, a similar event as the crash in 1959 occurred during the 2008 San Diego F/A-18 crash. On 8 December, a United States Marine Corps two-seat F/A-18D had engine problems after taking off from the USS\u00a0Abraham Lincoln during training. Instead of landing at Naval Air Station North Island, Lieutenant Dan Neubauer flew the ailing aircraft to Miramar. Neubauer and the aircraft were part of Marine Fighter Attack Training Squadron 101 based at Miramar. On its way to Miramar, both of the aircraft's engines failed. Neubauer decided to eject from the aircraft, which was seconds from crashing.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 35], "content_span": [36, 644]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077310-0006-0001", "contents": "1959 San Diego F3H crash, Aftermath\nThe pilot-less aircraft crashed into a residential area of University City that was 1\u20444 mile (400\u00a0m) from University City High School, and 2 miles (3\u00a0km) from Miramar; four people were killed on the ground. Neubauer ejected safely, landing east of University City High School; he was later cleared to fly again. This crash was compared to the 1959 crash.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 35], "content_span": [36, 390]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077310-0007-0000", "contents": "1959 San Diego F3H crash, Aftermath\nIn 2019, a commemorative plaque for Hickman was added to the Mt. Soledad National Veterans Memorial.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 35], "content_span": [36, 136]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077311-0000-0000", "contents": "1959 San Diego State Aztecs football team\nThe 1959 San Diego State Aztecs football team represented San Diego State College during the 1959 NCAA College Division football season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 41], "section_span": [41, 41], "content_span": [42, 178]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077311-0001-0000", "contents": "1959 San Diego State Aztecs football team\nSan Diego State competed in the California Collegiate Athletic Association (CCAA). The team was led by head coach Paul Governali, in his fourth year, and played home games at Aztec Bowl. They finished the season with one win, six losses and one tie (1\u20136\u20131, 0\u20135\u20130 CCAA). The Aztecs scored only 74 points in their eight games while giving up 208.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 41], "section_span": [41, 41], "content_span": [42, 386]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077311-0002-0000", "contents": "1959 San Diego State Aztecs football team, Team players in the NFL/AFL\nNo San Diego State players were selected in the 1960 NFL Draft or 1960 AFL Draft.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 41], "section_span": [43, 70], "content_span": [71, 152]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077311-0003-0000", "contents": "1959 San Diego State Aztecs football team, Team players in the NFL/AFL\nThe following finished their San Diego State career in 1959, were not drafted, but played in the NFL/AFL.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 41], "section_span": [43, 70], "content_span": [71, 176]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077312-0000-0000", "contents": "1959 San Diego mayoral election\nThe 1959 San Diego mayoral election was held on March 10, 1959, to elect the mayor for San Diego, California, United Dtates. The incumbent mayor, Charles Dail, stood for reelection to a second term. In the primary election, Dail received a majority of the votes and was elected mayor outright with no need for a run-off.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [31, 31], "content_span": [32, 352]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077312-0001-0000", "contents": "1959 San Diego mayoral election, Campaign\nDail stood for re-election to a second term. On March 10, 1959, he came first in the primary election with 63.4 percent of the vote, more than 45 percent higher than James W. Morgan, his nearest competitor. Because Dail received a majority of the vote, there was no need for a run-off election, and he was consequently re-elected to the office of the mayor.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 41], "content_span": [42, 399]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077312-0002-0000", "contents": "1959 San Diego mayoral election, General election results\nBecause Dail received a majority of the vote in the primary, no run-off election was held.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 57], "content_span": [58, 148]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077313-0000-0000", "contents": "1959 San Francisco 49ers season\nThe 1959 San Francisco 49ers season was the team's tenth season in the NFL, and were coming off a 6\u20136\u20130 record in 1956, however, they ended without qualifying for the playoffs. After starting the season 6\u20131, they lost 4 out of their last 5 games and ended with a 7\u20135 record.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [31, 31], "content_span": [32, 306]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077313-0001-0000", "contents": "1959 San Francisco 49ers season, Top players\nThe season was good for Y. A. Tittle, as he completed 51.3% of his passes for 1331 yds and 10 touchdowns. Tommy Davis scored the most points, 67 out of the team's total of 255.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 44], "content_span": [45, 221]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077313-0002-0000", "contents": "1959 San Francisco 49ers season, Schedule, Standings\nNote: Tie games were not officially counted in the standings until 1972.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 52], "content_span": [53, 125]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077314-0000-0000", "contents": "1959 San Francisco Giants season\nThe 1959 San Francisco Giants season was the Giants' 77th year in Major League Baseball and their second year in San Francisco since their move from New York following the 1957 season. The team finished in third place in the National League with an 83-71 record, 4 games behind the World Champion Los Angeles Dodgers. It was the team's second and final season at Seals Stadium before moving their games to Candlestick Park the following season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [32, 32], "content_span": [33, 477]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077314-0001-0000", "contents": "1959 San Francisco Giants season, Regular season\nIn his major league debut on July 30, Willie McCovey went four-for-four against future Hall-of-Famer Robin Roberts en route to a .354 batting average. McCovey went on to win National League Rookie of the Year honors while playing in just 52 games.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 48], "content_span": [49, 296]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077314-0002-0000", "contents": "1959 San Francisco Giants season, Player stats, Batting, Starters by position\nNote: Pos = Position; G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 77], "content_span": [78, 202]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077314-0003-0000", "contents": "1959 San Francisco Giants season, Player stats, Batting, Other batters\nNote: G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 70], "content_span": [71, 179]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077314-0004-0000", "contents": "1959 San Francisco Giants season, Player stats, Pitching, Starting pitchers\nNote: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 75], "content_span": [76, 186]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077314-0005-0000", "contents": "1959 San Francisco Giants season, Player stats, Pitching, Other pitchers\nNote: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 72], "content_span": [73, 183]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077314-0006-0000", "contents": "1959 San Francisco Giants season, Player stats, Pitching, Relief pitchers\nNote: G = Games pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; SV = Saves; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 73], "content_span": [74, 174]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077315-0000-0000", "contents": "1959 San Francisco State Gators football team\nThe 1959 San Francisco State Gators football team represented San Francisco State College during the 1959 NCAA College Division football season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 45], "section_span": [45, 45], "content_span": [46, 190]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077315-0001-0000", "contents": "1959 San Francisco State Gators football team\nSan Francisco State competed in the Far Western Conference (FWC). The Gators were led by 10th-year head coach Joe Verducci. They played home games at Cox Stadium in San Francisco, California. The team finished the season undefeated, as champion of the FWC, with a record of ten wins and no losses (10\u20130, 5\u20130 FWC). This was the fourth straight title for the Gators. For the season the team outscored its opponents 302\u201385.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 45], "section_span": [45, 45], "content_span": [46, 466]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077315-0002-0000", "contents": "1959 San Francisco State Gators football team, Team players in the NFL\nNo San Francisco State players were selected in the 1960 NFL Draft.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 45], "section_span": [47, 70], "content_span": [71, 138]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077316-0000-0000", "contents": "1959 San Jose State Spartans football team\nThe 1959 San Jose State Spartans football team represented San Jose State College during the 1959 NCAA University Division football season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 42], "section_span": [42, 42], "content_span": [43, 182]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077316-0001-0000", "contents": "1959 San Jose State Spartans football team\nSan Jose State played as an Independent in 1959. The team was led by third-year head coach Bob Titchenal, and played home games at Spartan Stadium in San Jose, California. The Spartans finished the 1959 season with a record of four wins and six losses (4\u20136). Overall, the team was outscored by its opponents 192\u2013278 for the season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 42], "section_span": [42, 42], "content_span": [43, 374]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077316-0002-0000", "contents": "1959 San Jose State Spartans football team, Team players in the NFL\nThe following San Jose State players were selected in the 1960 NFL Draft.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 42], "section_span": [44, 67], "content_span": [68, 141]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077317-0000-0000", "contents": "1959 Sarawak district council elections\nThe first Sarawak district council elections was held in the end of 1959. It was a multi-tiered system functioned to elect 24 members into Council Negri (now Sarawak State Legislative Assembly).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [39, 39], "content_span": [40, 234]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077318-0000-0000", "contents": "1959 Scotch Cup\nThe 1959 Scotch Cup was the first World Curling Championship. It was a five-game series between the curling teams of Canada and Scotland. The Scotch Cup was held from the 9-11 March with games being held in Edinburgh, Perth and Falkirk.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 15], "section_span": [15, 15], "content_span": [16, 252]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077318-0001-0000", "contents": "1959 Scotch Cup\nThe event was a contrast in curling styles, with the Canadians favouring a hitting game and the Scots favouring the draw game. The Scots were also not used to the rubber hack and the Canadian rules allowing a delivery to the length of the near hogline. Scottish rules at that point dictated the rock to be released by the front of the near house. The Canadian rules favoured the Canadian team, which allowed them a more accurate delivery, which benefited them in the hitting game. Canada would win all five matches in their tour of Scotland.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 15], "section_span": [15, 15], "content_span": [16, 557]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077318-0002-0000", "contents": "1959 Scotch Cup, Teams\nSkip : Willie Young Third: John Pearson Second: Jimmy Scott Lead: Bobby Young", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 15], "section_span": [17, 22], "content_span": [23, 100]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077318-0003-0000", "contents": "1959 Scotch Cup, Teams\nSkip : Ernie Richardson Third: Arnold Richardson Second: Garnet Richardson Lead: Wes Richardson", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 15], "section_span": [17, 22], "content_span": [23, 118]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077318-0004-0000", "contents": "1959 Scotch Cup, Results, Draw 1\nA \"slim\" crowd was on hand for the opening game, held on 9 March in Edinburgh. The event was poorly promoted, and the game was not the only match on the ice. In fact, figure skaters were practicing on a rink behind them.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 15], "section_span": [17, 32], "content_span": [33, 253]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077318-0005-0000", "contents": "1959 Scotch Cup, Results, Draw 1\nThe ice was keen, but the Richardsons were disappointed with the loose hacks. The Canadians were ahead 4\u20130 after a takeout miss in the 3rd end by the Scottish skip. They remained in the driver seat for the remainder of the game, and a three-ender in the 11th made victory all but certain.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 15], "section_span": [17, 32], "content_span": [33, 321]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077318-0006-0000", "contents": "1959 Scotch Cup, Results, Draw 2\nThe second game in the series was held on the afternoon of 10 March in Perth. The game would be more of a \"draw game\", which was more comfortable for the Scottish curlers. However, the Canadians won the match, despite not playing their more comfortable hit game. Canada was trailing 8\u20137 going into the 11th end, but stole a four-ender to secure the victory. The teams played in front of 193 spectators, but they were not the only teams playing \"as four or five other sheets were also in use.\" Up by three in the 12th end, Richardson had his lead throw his first rock through the rings, a common strategy move in today's game which was unheard of in Scotland at the time.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 15], "section_span": [17, 32], "content_span": [33, 703]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077318-0007-0000", "contents": "1959 Scotch Cup, Results, Draw 3\nThe third game was also played in Perth on the evening of 10 March. The game was a close affair, and was played in front of 300 spectators, the largest crowd up to that point. The game was tied after ten ends when Ernie Richardson made two mistakes. However, Canada replied in the eleventh when they scored two of their own. Scotland could only muster one point in the final end, losing the match, and Canada clinching the series with two games to play.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 15], "section_span": [17, 32], "content_span": [33, 486]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077318-0008-0000", "contents": "1959 Scotch Cup, Results, Draw 4\nGame 4 was played on 11 March in Falkirk. Canada played the draw game early on, as per an experiment to please the Scottish skip. This frustrated Richardson, who was used to a hitting game. However, he was duly rewarded with four points in the second end and five in the fourth. The Richardsons then reverted to a takeout game, and the Scots scored singles in five of the next six ends, to come within one point of the Canadians after ten. Richardson then scored one in eleven to be up two in the last end. The Canadians played a good end, and the Scots made key misses leaving Willie Young a draw against four on his last to make it a one-point loss, but came up short, giving up four.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 15], "section_span": [17, 32], "content_span": [33, 719]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077318-0009-0000", "contents": "1959 Scotch Cup, Results, Draw 4\nOnly a few fans watched the match, which was on at the same time as a women's bonspiel.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 15], "section_span": [17, 32], "content_span": [33, 120]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077318-0010-0000", "contents": "1959 Scotch Cup, Results, Draw 5\nThe final game was also played in Falkirk on 11 March. The game was shortened to ten ends. Young decided to play the hitting game, but it was not his style, as Canada soon amassed a five-point lead after four ends.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 15], "section_span": [17, 32], "content_span": [33, 247]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077319-0000-0000", "contents": "1959 Scottish Cup Final\nThe 1959 Scottish Cup Final was an association football match between St Mirren F.C. and Aberdeen F.C. on 25 April 1959 at Hampden Park in Glasgow, Scotland. It was 73rd staging of the final of the Scottish Cup, Scotland's most prestigious cup competition. It was Aberdeen's fifth appearance in the final of the competition whilst St Mirren were competing the fourth time.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [23, 23], "content_span": [24, 396]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077319-0001-0000", "contents": "1959 Scottish Cup Final, Route to the final, Aberdeen\nAberdeen entered the competition in the first round. They began their campaign against Second Division side East Fife at Pittodrie Stadium. The match ended in a 2\u22121 win for Aberdeen. In the second round Aberdeen faced another Second Division club, Arbroath, also at home with Aberdeen winning 3\u22120. In the quarter-final the club was drawn against St Johnstone of Perth who also competed in the Second Division. Aberdeen won 2\u22121 away at Muirton Park to progress to the quarter-final stage. The opposition was Kilmarnock who were beaten 3\u22121. In the semi-finals Aberdeen faced Third Lanark at the neutral venue of Ibrox Park in Glasgow which resulted in a 1\u22121 draw. It took a 1\u22120 win in a replay for Aberdeen to progress to the final for the fifth time in the club's history.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 53], "content_span": [54, 825]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077319-0002-0000", "contents": "1959 Scottish Cup Final, Route to the final, St Mirren\nSt Mirren entered the competition in the second round. They began their campaign against non-league club Peebles Rovers which resulted in a 10\u22120 thrashing by the Paisley club. St Mirren then faced Motherwell of the First Division with St Mirren winning 3\u22122. The club then faced fellow First Division club Dunfermline Athletic at home in the quarter-final, producing a 2\u22121 win to progress to the semi-final stage. Celtic were the opposition faced in the semi-final with St Mirren winning 4\u22120 at Hampden Park to reach the Scottish Cup Final for a fourth time.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 54], "content_span": [55, 612]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077320-0000-0000", "contents": "1959 Scottish League Cup Final\nThe 1959 Scottish League Cup Final was a football match played on 24 October 1959 at Hampden Park in Glasgow and was the final of the 14th Scottish League Cup competition. The final was contested by Hearts, who had won the previous year's final, and Third Lanark. Third Lanark led 1\u20130 at half time thanks to an early goal by Joe McInnes, but Hearts turned things around and won 2\u20131 to retain the cup thanks to second half goals by Johnny Hamilton and Alex Young. Hearts later completed a League and League Cup double \u2013 the only non Old Firm side to achieve such a double.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [30, 30], "content_span": [31, 602]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077321-0000-0000", "contents": "1959 Scottish representative peers election\nAn election for 16 Scottish representative peers took place on 6 October 1959 at the Palace of Holyroodhouse in Edinburgh. It turned out to be the last election for representative peers as in 1963 all holders of titles in the Peerage of Scotland were made eligible to sit in the House of Lords.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 43], "section_span": [43, 43], "content_span": [44, 338]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077321-0001-0000", "contents": "1959 Scottish representative peers election, Procedure\nThe date, time and place of the meeting was set in a Royal Proclamation of 18 September 1959, issued on the day that the previous Parliament was dissolved. The Duke of Buccleuch and Queensberry, who held the role of Lord Clerk Register, presided. When the Principal Clerk of Session George Macdonald read the roll of Peers of Scotland, 115 names were read, and 25 answered that they were present. None of the Peers produced any proxies for those who were absent, but 28 Peers had submitted \"Signed Lists\" as a form of absent voting. The Duke of Buccleuch himself chose not to vote; this was the \"customary but not compulsory practice\" of the Lord Clerk Register.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 43], "section_span": [45, 54], "content_span": [55, 717]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077321-0002-0000", "contents": "1959 Scottish representative peers election, Result\nFour new representative peers were elected who had not sat in the previous Parliament - the Earls of Mar and Kellie, Northesk, and Dundonald, and Lord Sinclair.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 43], "section_span": [45, 51], "content_span": [52, 212]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077322-0000-0000", "contents": "1959 Segunda Divisi\u00f3n Peruana\nThe 1959 Segunda Divisi\u00f3n Peruana, the second division of Peruvian football (soccer), was played by 10 teams. The tournament winner, Mariscal Sucre was promoted to the Primera Divisi\u00f3n Peruana 1960.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [29, 29], "content_span": [30, 228]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077323-0000-0000", "contents": "1959 Segunda Divisi\u00f3n de Chile\nThe 1959 Segunda Divisi\u00f3n de Chile was the 8th season of the Segunda Divisi\u00f3n de Chile.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [30, 30], "content_span": [31, 118]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077324-0000-0000", "contents": "1959 Senegalese parliamentary election\nParliamentary elections were held in Senegal on 22 March 1959. The result was a victory for the Senegalese Progressive Union. Voter turnout was 74.5%.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [38, 38], "content_span": [39, 189]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077325-0000-0000", "contents": "1959 Sicilian regional election\nThe Sicilian regional election of 1959 took place on 7 June 1959.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [31, 31], "content_span": [32, 97]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077325-0001-0000", "contents": "1959 Sicilian regional election\nChristian Democracy was by far the largest party, largely ahead of the Italian Communist Party. After the election Silvio Milazzo, leader of the Social Christian Sicilian Union and incumbent President, formed a new government that included the Italian Communist Party, the Italian Social Movement and the Italian Democratic Party.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [31, 31], "content_span": [32, 362]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077325-0002-0000", "contents": "1959 Sicilian regional election\nThe coalition, albeit with some minor changes, continued to lead the Region under Benedetto Majorana della Nicchiara (1960\u20131961) and was finally replaced by a coalition including the official Christian Democracy and the Socialists in 1961 (organic Centre-left), under President Giuseppe D'Angelo, a Christian Democrat.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [31, 31], "content_span": [32, 350]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077326-0000-0000", "contents": "1959 Silver City Trophy\nThe 4th Silver City Trophy was a motor race, run to Formula One rules, held on 10 October 1959 at Snetterton Circuit, Norfolk. The race was run over 25 laps of the circuit, and was won by British driver Ron Flockhart in a BRM P25. Flockhart also took pole and fastest lap.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [23, 23], "content_span": [24, 296]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077326-0001-0000", "contents": "1959 Silver City Trophy\nThere were also several Formula Two entries in the field. Chris Bristow was highest-placed in that category, driving a Cooper T51, and fifth overall.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [23, 23], "content_span": [24, 173]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077326-0002-0000", "contents": "1959 Silver City Trophy, Results\nNote: a blue background indicates a car running under Formula 2 regulations.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 32], "content_span": [33, 109]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077327-0000-0000", "contents": "1959 Singaporean general election\nGeneral elections were held in Singapore on 30 May 1959. They were held under the new constitution and the first in which all 51 seats in the Legislative Assembly were elected. This was the first election victory for the People's Action Party (PAP), as they won a landslide victory with 43 seats, and the party has since remained in power after the elections.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [33, 33], "content_span": [34, 393]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077327-0001-0000", "contents": "1959 Singaporean general election, Background, Political developments\nDavid Marshall, the politician who led the ruling Labour Front after winning the previous general election in 1955, was vocally anti-British and anti-colonialist, and the British found it difficult to come to an agreement or a compromise about a plan for self-government; Marshall resigned from the party a year later, pledging that he would either achieve self-government or to resign. In his place, Lim Yew Hock pursued an aggressive anti-communist campaign and manage to convince the British to make a definite plan for self-government.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 69], "content_span": [70, 609]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077327-0002-0000", "contents": "1959 Singaporean general election, Background, Political developments\nBy the time of the 1959 elections the Labour Front was in turmoil; Lim's strategy against the communists alienated a large part of the Chinese Singaporean electorate, which was the demographic targeted most during the anti-communist campaign. Lim's campaign also saw allegations of civil rights violations as many activists were detained without trial with the justification of internal security and tear gas were used against demonstrating students during the 1956 Chinese middle schools riots which were both anti-colonialist and anti-communist alike.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 69], "content_span": [70, 623]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077327-0003-0000", "contents": "1959 Singaporean general election, Background, Constitutional reform\nThe Constitution of Singapore was revised accordingly in 1958, replacing the Rendel Constitution with one that granted Singapore self-government and the ability for its own population to fully elect its Legislative Assembly. Previously under the Rendel Constitution, drawn up in 1955 by a commission led by George William Rendel, the Legislative Assembly and its leaders could not fully be determined by the population; the British government appointed seven of the 32 members, with the remaining 25 seats elected by the public, albeit with limited suffrage. This itself was an improvement from the pre-1955 Legislative Council, electing nine members to the council.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 68], "content_span": [69, 735]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077327-0004-0000", "contents": "1959 Singaporean general election, Background, Constitutional reform\nThis election was the first election after its full internal self-government granted by the British authorities; Singapore was now a recognised state, but was yet to gain full independence since the British still have external affairs such as the military and foreign relations. Due to the removal of suffrage restrictions, voting was implemented to be compulsory for the first time, and had done so in every election since 1959.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 68], "content_span": [69, 498]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077327-0005-0000", "contents": "1959 Singaporean general election, Background, Parties\nChief Minister Lim Yew Hock formed Singapore People's Alliance on 10 November 1958, which consist of previously-elected Labour Front assembly members who were defected from Labour Front. SPA also invited members of Liberal Socialists and Workers' Party. SPA was formed to present a fresh image to voters in the lead up for the 1959 election, and ran on secure full employment and fair working conditions for workers, and achieving independence of Singapore through a merger with Malaya.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 54], "content_span": [55, 541]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077327-0006-0000", "contents": "1959 Singaporean general election, Background, Parties\nThe tenure of Lim Yew Hock as Chief Minister, who succeeded Labour Front's David Marshall after his resignation in 1956, saw scant improvement to living conditions and unpopular tough measures on protesting unions. Lim's government also saw corruption during his tenure, and until the term expiry for Labour Front, all ten elected MPs had resigned from the party due to credibility. These resignations saw the formation of three parties; in 1957, David Marshall founded the Workers' Party (one of the successful opposition parties of Singapore); in 1958, the Singapore People's Alliance (founded by Lim) and in 1959, the Citizens' Party.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 54], "content_span": [55, 692]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077327-0007-0000", "contents": "1959 Singaporean general election, Background, Parties\nSPA attempted to fight the record of the PAP administration in the City Council of Singapore with charges of corruptly appointing its supporters to fill up posts in the City Council, as well as raising concerns over the tenders of some Council contracts. The SPA even went as far as setting up a Commission of Inquiry in April 1959 to investigate whether there had been \"irregularities or improprieties\" in the working of the City Council. The inquiry, however, failed to reveal anything suspicious against the City Council and the hearings were adjourned indefinitely.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 54], "content_span": [55, 624]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077327-0008-0000", "contents": "1959 Singaporean general election, Background, Parties\nA new Party, Liberal Socialist Party (LSP) was formed by a merger of the Progressive Party and the Democratic Party. The Progressive Party which had won the 1948 and 1951 elections (but lost to Labour Front in the 1955 elections) had already fallen out of favour as it was perceived by much of the electorate by working for reform too slowly.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 54], "content_span": [55, 397]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077327-0009-0000", "contents": "1959 Singaporean general election, Background, Parties\nThe Alliance was a coalition comprising the Singapore branch of three political parties from Malaya, namely the United Malays National Organisation (UMNO), the Malayan Chinese Association (MCA) and the Malayan Indian Congress (MIC), which they ran on raising the standards of living as well as to strengthen economic ties between Singapore and Malaya. As their parent parties were the ruling coalition in Malaya under Tunku Abdul Rahman, the Alliance promised voters that it could work for an early merger if voted into power as they knew \"exactly\" what their Malayan counterparts wanted.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 54], "content_span": [55, 643]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077327-0010-0000", "contents": "1959 Singaporean general election, Background, Parties\nThe Malay Union which ran together with UMNO and MCA in the 1955 election, had been expelled from their alliance for putting up a candidate in the 1957 Cairnhill by-election.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 54], "content_span": [55, 229]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077327-0011-0000", "contents": "1959 Singaporean general election, Background, Parties\nThe current opposition party, People's Action Party, announced to contest 51 seats in the election; they released their election manifesto entitled The Tasks Ahead, and outlined the party's five-year plan to address acute problems faced by Singapore. It called for a series of policies and programmes such as the provision of low-cost housing, the strengthening of education, as well as the development of industries thus improving employment opportunities for the local population. These were in addition to the goal of attaining independence for Singapore through a merger with the Federation of Malaya.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 54], "content_span": [55, 660]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077327-0012-0000", "contents": "1959 Singaporean general election, Background, Parties\nThe PAP campaigned against corruption under the Lim Yew Hock government, and all party members and candidates wore a distinctive outfit of white shirts and pants (which is still the uniform of PAP candidates as of today) to represent \"cleanliness\" in government. SPA attempted to portray the PAP as a party being controlled by the communists, and such claims were repeated by Liberal Socialists and UMNO. Lee Kuan Yew brushed off the claims, describing them as \"silly\", \"blabbering\" and \"lies\".", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 54], "content_span": [55, 549]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077327-0013-0000", "contents": "1959 Singaporean general election, Changes to electoral boundaries\nThe 51 seats of the Legislative Assembly were elected from single-member constituencies, with an increase of 26 seats in this election. The changes among the constituencies were:", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 66], "content_span": [67, 245]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077327-0014-0000", "contents": "1959 Singaporean general election, Campaign\nMany of the campaign issues surrounded the topic of government corruption and independence of Singapore, as well as political issues such as the communist insurgency led by the Malayan Communist Party (MCP), which had been causing the Malayan Emergency. The desire for independence and self-government epitomised by the Malay term Merdeka (which translates to Independence or Free), had started to become immediate. This was reflected when the cry of \"We want Merdeka now!\" was taken up by those demanding immediate independence.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 43], "content_span": [44, 573]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077327-0015-0000", "contents": "1959 Singaporean general election, Campaign\nPrior to the polling day, the press had predicted that the presence of multi-cornered fights would only split the anti-PAP vote, raising chances of a PAP victory.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 43], "content_span": [44, 206]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077327-0016-0000", "contents": "1959 Singaporean general election, Campaign, Chew Swee Kee affair\nThe Chew Swee Kee affair was also a notable issue raised in the May 1959 elections. In February 1959, PAP charged the incumbent SPA government with receiving political funds from the United States government.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 65], "content_span": [66, 274]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077327-0017-0000", "contents": "1959 Singaporean general election, Campaign, Chew Swee Kee affair\nInvestigations by a Commission of Inquiry later revealed that Chew Swee Kee, who was then Education Minister, had converted the alleged funds for his own use. The claim has it that Chew accepted around $700,000 to $800,000 from an unrevealed donor in New York City as a \"political gift\". Chew promptly stepped down from his post on 4 March 1959. The incident is credited for causing the SPA's downfall.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 65], "content_span": [66, 468]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077327-0018-0000", "contents": "1959 Singaporean general election, Campaign, Chew Swee Kee affair\nThe revelation had a devastating effect on the image of SPA as the party was seen to be serving a Western power, betraying Singapore's anti-colonial movement.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 65], "content_span": [66, 224]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077327-0019-0000", "contents": "1959 Singaporean general election, Results\nThe result was a landslide win for the PAP, with the SPA lost 35 of the 39 contested constituencies and only four members represented the new Assembly. The Labour Front saw a negative swing of about 27% and failed to win any seats. The right-wing coalition party, the Liberal Socialist Party (which formed by a merger of the Democratic Party and Progressive Party) saw a disastrous performance with all of the 32 candidates were defeated, among them 20 candidates who lost their election deposits. A total of 73 candidates lost their $500 election deposit.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 42], "content_span": [43, 599]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077327-0020-0000", "contents": "1959 Singaporean general election, Results\nPAP candidate Wong Soon Fong was the best performing candidate in this election in percentage terms, polling 77.66% while LSP candidate Lillian Tan was the worst performing candidate polling 0.82%. In absolute numbers, PAP's Goh Keng Swee was the best performing candidate polling 9,313 votes while LSP's Lillian Tan was the worst performing candidate polling 64 votes.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 42], "content_span": [43, 412]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077327-0021-0000", "contents": "1959 Singaporean general election, Results\nThe election, which saw implementations of compulsory voting and the removal of suffrage restrictions, saw a huge increase in voter turnout, with 90.07% of the voters (or 527,919 of the 586,098 registered voters), as compared to 52.66% from the previous election.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 42], "content_span": [43, 306]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077327-0022-0000", "contents": "1959 Singaporean general election, Aftermath\nThe PAP was able to form a new government which could now adopt domestic policy without oversight from the colonial administration. The United Kingdom still however controlled the military forces, foreign affairs and had a joint responsibility in internal security under agreement. However, historians saw 1959 as the year Singapore achieved self-governance as a result of the new government, even though the Constitution had been amended in 1958.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 44], "content_span": [45, 492]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077327-0023-0000", "contents": "1959 Singaporean general election, Aftermath\nOn the afternoon of 5 June, Lee Kuan Yew was sworn in as the first Prime Minister at City Hall by Yang di Pertuan Negara William Goode along with members of his cabinet.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 44], "content_span": [45, 214]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077327-0024-0000", "contents": "1959 Singaporean general election, Aftermath\nBefore taking over, Lee pardoned several PAP members, who had been arrested under the Emergency Regulation in 1956 and 1957, including left-wing leader Lim Chin Siong. During the election campaign, Lee had called for pardon as part of his election platform, causing an increase of morale of many trade union members.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 44], "content_span": [45, 361]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077327-0025-0000", "contents": "1959 Singaporean general election, Aftermath\nAfter their release, Lim and his affiliates would later challenge Lee's leadership in the PAP, leading to the expulsion of most of the left-wing members from the PAP in 1961. The expelled members would then form the Barisan Sosialis, and posed a strong challenge against the PAP on the next election in 1963; although being crippled by Operation Coldstore, they came closer to removing the PAP from power than any other party to date.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 44], "content_span": [45, 479]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077327-0026-0000", "contents": "1959 Singaporean general election, Aftermath, By-elections\nTwo by-elections, both held in 1961, occurred during the term in Parliament. Former PAP minister Ong Eng Guan was re-elected in Hong Lim running as an independent after leaving the PAP, whilst David Marshall was elected in Anson after the death of PAP MP Baharuddin Mohammed Ariff.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 58], "content_span": [59, 340]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077328-0000-0000", "contents": "1959 Society of Film and Television Arts Television Awards\nThe 1959 Society of Film and Television Arts Television Awards were the first giving under that name of the United Kingdom's premier television awards, having previously been known as the Guild of Television Producers and Directors Awards before that organisation's merger with the British Film Academy. The awards later became known as the British Academy Television Awards, under which name they are still given.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 58], "section_span": [58, 58], "content_span": [59, 473]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077329-0000-0000", "contents": "1959 South American Championship (Argentina)\nThe South American Championship 1959 was a football tournament held in Argentina, and won by Argentina with Brazil as runner-up. Colombia and Ecuador withdrew from the tournament. Pel\u00e9 from Brazil was named best player of the tournament and was the top scorer with 8 goals.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [44, 44], "content_span": [45, 318]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077329-0001-0000", "contents": "1959 South American Championship (Argentina), Goalscorers\nWith eight goals, Pel\u00e9 of Brazil is the top scorer in the tournament. In total, 86 goals were scored by 36 different players, with only one of them credited as own goal.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [46, 57], "content_span": [58, 227]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077330-0000-0000", "contents": "1959 South American Championship (Argentina) squads\nThe following are the squad lists for the countries that played in the 1959 South American Championship held in Argentina. The participating countries were Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Chile, Paraguay, Peru and Uruguay.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 51], "section_span": [51, 51], "content_span": [52, 270]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077330-0001-0000", "contents": "1959 South American Championship (Argentina) squads\nThe teams plays in a single round-robin tournament, earning two points for a win, one point for a draw, and zero points for a loss.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 51], "section_span": [51, 51], "content_span": [52, 183]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077331-0000-0000", "contents": "1959 South American Championship (Ecuador)\nThe 1959 South American Championship held in Ecuador was an extra South American Championship for the year. The tournament was contested between five teams; Bolivia, Chile, Colombia, and Peru did not participate, whilst Brazil attended with a team from Pernambuco. Uruguay won their 10th South American title.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 42], "section_span": [42, 42], "content_span": [43, 352]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077331-0001-0000", "contents": "1959 South American Championship (Ecuador), Format\nThe format was the same as other tournaments; it was a round-robin tournament, awarding two points for a win, one for a draw, and nothing for a defeat. The team with the most points at the end was declared the tournament winner.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 42], "section_span": [44, 50], "content_span": [51, 279]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077331-0002-0000", "contents": "1959 South American Championship (Ecuador), Goalscorers\nWith six goals, Jos\u00e9 Sanfilippo of Argentina is the top scorer in the tournament. In total, 40 goals were scored by 21 different players, with only one of them credited as own goal.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 42], "section_span": [44, 55], "content_span": [56, 237]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077332-0000-0000", "contents": "1959 South American Championship (Ecuador) squads\nThe following are the squad lists for the countries that played in the 1959 South American Championship held in Ecuador, the second edition of the tournament contested twice in a year.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 49], "section_span": [49, 49], "content_span": [50, 234]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077332-0001-0000", "contents": "1959 South American Championship (Ecuador) squads\nThe participating countries were Argentina, Brazil, Chile, Ecuador, Paraguay and Uruguay. Unlike the previous edition held that same year in Argentina, the participant teams brought reserve squads to the competition. Moreover, Brazilian roster included players from teams from Pernambuco state only, while Argentina brought younger or reserve players.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 49], "section_span": [49, 49], "content_span": [50, 401]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077332-0002-0000", "contents": "1959 South American Championship (Ecuador) squads\nThe teams played in a single round-robin tournament, earning two points for a win, one point for a draw, and zero points for a loss.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 49], "section_span": [49, 49], "content_span": [50, 182]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077333-0000-0000", "contents": "1959 South American Junior Championships in Athletics\nThe first South American Junior Championships in Athletics were held in Buenos Aires, Argentina from April 18\u201319, 1959.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 53], "section_span": [53, 53], "content_span": [54, 173]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077333-0001-0000", "contents": "1959 South American Junior Championships in Athletics, Participation (unofficial)\nDetailed result lists can be found on the \"World Junior Athletics History\" website. An unofficial count yields the number of about 59 athletes from about 2 countries:  Argentina (28), Chile (31).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 53], "section_span": [55, 81], "content_span": [82, 277]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077333-0002-0000", "contents": "1959 South American Junior Championships in Athletics, Medal summary\nMedal winners are published for men and womenComplete results can be found on the \"World Junior Athletics History\" website.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 53], "section_span": [55, 68], "content_span": [69, 192]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077334-0000-0000", "contents": "1959 South Australian state election\nState elections were held in South Australia on 7 March 1959. All 39 seats in the South Australian House of Assembly were up for election. The incumbent Liberal and Country League led by Premier of South Australia Thomas Playford IV defeated the Australian Labor Party led by Leader of the Opposition Mick O'Halloran.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [36, 36], "content_span": [37, 354]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077334-0001-0000", "contents": "1959 South Australian state election, Background\nLabor won two seats at this election, rural Mount Gambier from an Independent and rural Wallaroo from the LCL. Both of these seats had been previously won in by-elections in 1957 and 1958, and Labor retained them.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 48], "content_span": [49, 262]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077334-0002-0000", "contents": "1959 South Australian state election, Results\nSouth Australian state election, 7 March 1959House of Assembly << 1956\u20131962 >>", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 45], "content_span": [46, 124]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077335-0000-0000", "contents": "1959 South Carolina Gamecocks football team\nThe 1959 South Carolina Gamecocks football team represented the University of South Carolina in the Atlantic Coast Conference in the 1959 NCAA University Division football season. The Gamecocks finished the season 6\u20134 overall.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 43], "section_span": [43, 43], "content_span": [44, 270]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077336-0000-0000", "contents": "1959 South Dakota Coyotes football team\nThe 1959 South Dakota Coyotes football team was an American football team that represented the University of South Dakota in the North Central Conference (NCC) during the 1959 NCAA College Division football season. In its fourth season under head coach Ralph Stewart, the team compiled a 4\u20135\u20131 record (3\u20132\u20131 against NCC opponents), tied for second place out of seven teams in the NCC, and was outscored by a total of 213 to 190. The team played its home games at Inman Field in Vermillion, South Dakota.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [39, 39], "content_span": [40, 543]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077337-0000-0000", "contents": "1959 South Dakota State Jackrabbits football team\nThe 1959 South Dakota State Jackrabbits football team was an American football team that represented South Dakota State University in the North Central Conference during the 1959 NCAA College Division football season. In its 13th season under head coach Ralph Ginn, the team compiled a 2\u20137 record, finished in sixth place out of seven teams in the NCC, and was outscored by a total of 153 to 80.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 49], "section_span": [49, 49], "content_span": [50, 445]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077338-0000-0000", "contents": "1959 South Vietnamese parliamentary election\nParliamentary elections were held in South Vietnam on 30 August 1959, resulting in an overwhelming victory for President Ng\u00f4 \u0110\u00ecnh Di\u1ec7m and the government. The regime won all but two of the 123 seats in the National Assembly, taken by five pro-government political parties and pro-government independent candidates. The elections allowed some liberalization in terms of freedom of speech, but the Di\u1ec7m regime continued to maintain rigid control over the election process.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [44, 44], "content_span": [45, 515]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077338-0000-0001", "contents": "1959 South Vietnamese parliamentary election\nDespite considerable efforts in preventing a small number of opposition candidates from standing during the election through the use of army soldiers bussed in to stuff ballot boxes to support the pro-government candidates, two independent candidates from the opposition were elected \u2013  Phan Quang \u0110\u00e1n and Phan Kh\u1eafc S\u1eedu. However, during the first inaugural session of the National Assembly, \u0110\u00e1n and another independent deputy, Nguyen Tran were not permitted to attend and were arrested and charged with electoral fraud.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [44, 44], "content_span": [45, 564]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077338-0001-0000", "contents": "1959 South Vietnamese parliamentary election, Background\nNorth Vietnam suggested to Di\u1ec7m that the pre-electoral consultative conference should be held. This was done in May and June 1956, in July 1957, in May 1958 and again in July 1959. The offer was to be negotiated between North and South Vietnam, on the basis of \"free general elections by secret ballot.\" All such offers were rejected. Di\u1ec7m refused to have the election called for in Article 7 of the Declaration of the Geneva Agreements, as the former State of Vietnam had not signed to the Geneva Agreements \u2013 therefore it did not abide to any of its agreements.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [46, 56], "content_span": [57, 620]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077338-0001-0001", "contents": "1959 South Vietnamese parliamentary election, Background\nThe United States supported him fully. The result of such refusal was the disastrous civil war which ensued. American Senator Ernest Gruening, in a speech delivered to the United States Senate on 9 April 1965 said \"That civil war began... when Diem's regime\u2014at our urging\u2014refused to carry out the provision contained in the Geneva Agreement to hold elections for the reunification of Vietnam.\"", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [46, 56], "content_span": [57, 450]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077338-0002-0000", "contents": "1959 South Vietnamese parliamentary election, Aftermath\nDan was regarded as a nationalist anti-communist who was one of the most able political figures in the country, and was elected by a 6-1 ratio over Diem's government candidate. This came despite 8,000 Army of the Republic of Vietnam soldiers being bussed from out of district to stuff ballot boxes.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [46, 55], "content_span": [56, 354]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077338-0003-0000", "contents": "1959 South Vietnamese parliamentary election, Aftermath\nDespite strong protests from the US and UK embassies, Diem was adamant that Dan would not be able to take his seat. When the Assembly was inaugurated, Dan was confronted by police and put under arrest as he attempted to leave his medical clinic to attend the session. Dan was charged with electoral fraud, on the grounds that he supposedly offered free medical care to induce voters to support him. He also pointed out that if this were the case, then he would have run for election in the district in which his practice was located, to maximise the number of patients who were in his voting district.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [46, 55], "content_span": [56, 657]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077339-0000-0000", "contents": "1959 South West Norfolk by-election\nThe South West Norfolk by-election of 25 March 1959 was held after Labour Member of Parliament (MP) Sidney Dye died on 9 December 1958. The seat was retained by Labour.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [35, 35], "content_span": [36, 204]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077339-0001-0000", "contents": "1959 South West Norfolk by-election, Candidates\nLabour chose Albert Hilton as their candidate for the by-election. A leading member of the National Union of Agricultural and Allied Workers, Hilton was a longstanding party activist who held the seat until he was defeated in the 1964 general election. He would go on to sit in the House of Lords.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 47], "content_span": [48, 345]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077339-0002-0000", "contents": "1959 South West Norfolk by-election, Candidates\nBarrister Elaine Kellett ran for the Conservative Party in one of a number of unsuccessful candidacies for the party. She went on to serve as MP for Lancaster and MEP for North West England.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 47], "content_span": [48, 238]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077339-0003-0000", "contents": "1959 South West Norfolk by-election, Candidates\nThe third candidate, Andrew Fountaine, ran as an Independent Nationalist, adopting a far right platform immediately before being appointed President of the National Labour Party. He would become a leading figure in the National Front as well as briefly leading his own party, the Constitutional Movement.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 47], "content_span": [48, 352]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077340-0000-0000", "contents": "1959 Southeast Asian Peninsular Games\nThe 1959 Southeast Asian Peninsular Games, officially known as the 1st Southeast Asian Peninsular Games, was the first and inaugural edition of the biennial multi-sport event for Southeast Asian athletes, organised by the SEAP Games Federation. It was held in Bangkok, Thailand from 12 to 17 December 1959 with 12 sports featured in the games. Cambodia, one of the six founding members of the SEAP Games Federation, did not compete at the inaugural edition. For the first time and first among all Southeast Asian nations, Thailand hosted the Southeast Asian Peninsular Games, which later known as the Southeast Asian Games. The games was opened and closed by Bhumibol Adulyadej, the King of Thailand at the Suphachalasai Stadium. The final medal tally was led by host Thailand, followed by its neighbouring countries, Burma and Malaya.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [37, 37], "content_span": [38, 873]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077341-0000-0000", "contents": "1959 Southend West by-election\nThe Southend West by-election of 29 January 1959 was held after the death of Conservative Party MP and renowned diarist  Henry Channon.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [30, 30], "content_span": [31, 166]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077341-0001-0000", "contents": "1959 Southend West by-election, Electoral history\nThe seat was very safe, having been won at the 1955 United Kingdom general election by almost 18,500 votes", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 49], "content_span": [50, 156]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077342-0000-0000", "contents": "1959 Southern 500\nThe 1959 Southern 500, the 10th running of the event, was a NASCAR Grand National Series event that was held on September 7, 1959, at Darlington Raceway in Darlington, South Carolina.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [17, 17], "content_span": [18, 201]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077342-0001-0000", "contents": "1959 Southern 500, Background\nDarlington Raceway, nicknamed by many NASCAR fans and drivers as \"The Lady in Black\" or \"The Track Too Tough to Tame\" and advertised as a \"NASCAR Tradition\", is a race track built for NASCAR racing located near Darlington, South Carolina. It is of a unique, somewhat egg-shaped design, an oval with the ends of very different configurations, a condition which supposedly arose from the proximity of one end of the track to a minnow pond the owner refused to relocate. This situation makes it very challenging for the crews to set up their cars' handling in a way that will be effective at both ends.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 29], "content_span": [30, 629]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077342-0002-0000", "contents": "1959 Southern 500, Background\nThe track is a four-turn 1.366 miles (2.198\u00a0km) oval. The track's first two turns are banked at twenty-five degrees, while the final two turns are banked two degrees lower at twenty-three degrees. The front stretch (the location of the finish line) and the back stretch is banked at six degrees. Darlington Raceway can seat up to 60,000 people.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 29], "content_span": [30, 374]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077342-0003-0000", "contents": "1959 Southern 500, Background\nDarlington has something of a legendary quality among drivers and older fans; this is probably due to its long track length relative to other NASCAR speedways of its era and hence the first venue where many of them became cognizant of the truly high speeds that stock cars could achieve on a long track. The track allegedly earned the moniker The Lady in Black because the night before the race the track maintenance crew would cover the entire track with fresh asphalt sealant, in the early years of the speedway, thus making the racing surface dark black.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 29], "content_span": [30, 587]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077342-0003-0001", "contents": "1959 Southern 500, Background\nDarlington is also known as \"The Track Too Tough to Tame\" because drivers can run lap after lap without a problem and then bounce off of the wall the following lap. Racers will frequently explain that they have to race the racetrack, not their competition. Drivers hitting the wall are considered to have received their \"Darlington Stripe\" thanks to the missing paint on the right side of the car.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 29], "content_span": [30, 427]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077342-0004-0000", "contents": "1959 Southern 500, Race report\nIt took four hours and twenty-eight minutes for the race to reach its conclusion; Jim Reed defeated Bob Burdick by more than two laps; he actually won in a 1959 Chevrolet Impala that was listed as a 1957 Chevrolet. Reed's vehicle took its third and final win at the Southern 500. The newer and faster 1959 Chevrolet vehicles lead a total of 154 laps while the older 1957 Chevrolet vehicles only lead 57 laps. Seventy-eight thousand people attended this live race.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 30], "content_span": [31, 494]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077342-0005-0000", "contents": "1959 Southern 500, Race report\nNotable speeds for this race were: 111.836 miles per hour (179.983\u00a0km/h) as the average speed and 123.734 miles per hour (199.131\u00a0km/h) per hour as the pole position speed. Richard Petty would lead his first career laps from lap 93 to lap 99. The Goodyear would get its first victory since re-entering racing. Goodyear Eagle tires currently have the monopoly on all NASCAR racing series. Total winnings for this race were $51,990 ($455,981 when adjusted for inflation). Neil Castles' car had a problem early in the race, spent most of the day fixing it, and then came back out and was on track at the finish albeit 272 laps down. Events like that occurred quite frequently if the team thought they could pick up a few points.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 30], "content_span": [31, 756]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077342-0006-0000", "contents": "1959 Southern 500, Race report\nDrivers points were unimportant in the 1950s regardless of many races the drivers ran. It wasn't until Winston came on the scene in the 1970s that the driver's championship amounted to much more than a nice trophy. Castles clearly didn't get any extra money for going back out, since he's shown as getting the same $150 as all the other drivers who failed to finish the race.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 30], "content_span": [31, 406]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077342-0007-0000", "contents": "1959 Southern 500, Race report\nThis race was the first time Coca-Cola sponsored a car, Joe Weatherly, who finished 43rd. It was also probably one of, if not the only time ever that a race track advertised its grand opening by sponsoring a car in one of NASCAR's biggest races. Atlanta International Raceway sponsored Jack Smith's car with their opening date, November 22. Interestingly, though, there weren't any races scheduled at the track until July 1960.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 30], "content_span": [31, 458]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077342-0008-0000", "contents": "1959 Southern 500, Race report\nJoe Caspolitch's ride was owned by the city of Florence, South Carolina. The city government bought the ride from Lee Petty in order to field Caspolitch in the race. Since then, not a single branch of the American government (federal, municipal, or state government) has claimed ownership or has attempted to claim ownership of a NASCAR vehicle.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 30], "content_span": [31, 376]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077342-0009-0000", "contents": "1959 Southern 500, Race report\nWhile Richard Petty and Buddy Baker got their first superspeedway action during this race in 1959, this would be the first major race in NASCAR history where a person from the Northern United States would win over a resident of the Southeastern United States. Charley Cregar, Bud Crothers, and Johnny Patterson would make their final NASCAR Cup Series appearance at this event.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 30], "content_span": [31, 408]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077342-0010-0000", "contents": "1959 Southern 500, Race report\nBud Crothers would qualify the race in 32nd place and would end up with a 21st-place finish after finishing 318 laps. This was the only Grand National Series race for Bill Champion; where he would finish 12th after qualifying 25th. Mario Rossi, Shorty Johns and Roy Burdick were crew chiefs in attendance for this event.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 30], "content_span": [31, 351]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077342-0011-0000", "contents": "1959 Southern 500, Race report\nScenes from this race were used in the 1960 film Thunder in Carolina, starring Rory Calhoun and Alan Hale, Jr.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 30], "content_span": [31, 141]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077343-0000-0000", "contents": "1959 Southern Area League\nThe 1959 Southern Area League was the final season of the Southern Area League as the regional second tier of speedway racing in the United Kingdom for Southern British teams. With no league in 1958, a set of 6 new teams competed in 1959.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [25, 25], "content_span": [26, 264]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077343-0001-0000", "contents": "1959 Southern Area League, Summary\nEastbourne Eagles were the champions, Southern Rovers withdrew after just one league meeting.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [27, 34], "content_span": [35, 128]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077344-0000-0000", "contents": "1959 Southern Cameroons parliamentary election\nParliamentary elections were held in Southern Cameroons on 24 January 1959. The result was a victory for the Kamerun National Democratic Party, which won 14 of the 26 seats in the House of Assembly.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 46], "section_span": [46, 46], "content_span": [47, 245]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077344-0001-0000", "contents": "1959 Southern Cameroons parliamentary election, Results\nOf the twelve seats won by the Kamerun National Congress\u2013Kamerun People's Party alliance, eight were won by the KNC and four by the KPP.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 46], "section_span": [48, 55], "content_span": [56, 192]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077345-0000-0000", "contents": "1959 Southern Conference Men's Basketball Tournament\nThe 1959 Southern Conference Men's Basketball Tournament took place from February 26\u201328, 1959 at the Richmond Arena in Richmond, Virginia. The West Virginia Mountaineeers, led by head coach Fred Schaus, won their fifth Southern Conference title and received the automatic berth to the 1959 NCAA Tournament.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 52], "section_span": [52, 52], "content_span": [53, 359]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077345-0001-0000", "contents": "1959 Southern Conference Men's Basketball Tournament, Format\nThe top eight finishers of the conference's nine members were eligible for the tournament. Teams were seeded based on conference winning percentage. The tournament used a preset bracket consisting of three rounds.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 52], "section_span": [54, 60], "content_span": [61, 274]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077346-0000-0000", "contents": "1959 Southern Illinois Salukis football team\nThe 1959 Southern Illinois Salukis football team was an American football team that represented Southern Illinois University (now known as Southern Illinois University Carbondale) in the Interstate Intercollegiate Athletic Conference (IIAC) during the 1959 NCAA College Division football season. Under first-year head coach Carmen Piccone, the team compiled a 5\u20134 record. The team played its home games at McAndrew Stadium in Carbondale, Illinois.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [44, 44], "content_span": [45, 492]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077347-0000-0000", "contents": "1959 Southern Jaguars football team\nThe 1959 Southern Jaguars football team was an American football team that represented Southern University in the 1959 NCAA College Division football season. In their 24th season under head coach Ace Mumford, the Jaguars compiled an 8\u20132 record (7\u20130 against SWAC opponents), won the SWAC championship, and outscored all opponents by a total of 267 to 93. The team played its home games at University Stadium in Baton Rouge, Louisiana.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [35, 35], "content_span": [36, 469]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077348-0000-0000", "contents": "1959 Southwark Borough election\nElections to Metropolitan Borough of Southwark were held in 1959.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [31, 31], "content_span": [32, 97]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077348-0001-0000", "contents": "1959 Southwark Borough election\nThe borough had ten wards which returned between 3 and 8 members. Labour won all the seats and no other party stood a full set of candidates.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [31, 31], "content_span": [32, 173]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077349-0000-0000", "contents": "1959 Southwestern Louisiana Bulldogs football team\nThe 1959 Southwestern Louisiana Bulldogs football team was an American football team that represented the Southwestern Louisiana Institute of Liberal and Technical Learning (now known as the University of Louisiana at Lafayette) in the Gulf States Conference during the 1959 NCAA College Division football season. In their second year under head coach Red Hoggatt, the team compiled a 4\u20135 record.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 50], "section_span": [50, 50], "content_span": [51, 447]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077350-0000-0000", "contents": "1959 Soviet Class B\n1959 Soviet Class B was the tenth season of the Soviet Class B football competitions since their establishment in 1950. It was also the nineteenth season of what was eventually known as the Soviet First League.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [19, 19], "content_span": [20, 230]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077350-0001-0000", "contents": "1959 Soviet Class B\nFollowing this season the Soviet Class B competitions were split based on regional principle in three main groups Russian SFSR, Ukrainian SSR and Union republics.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [19, 19], "content_span": [20, 182]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077351-0000-0000", "contents": "1959 Soviet Top League\n12 teams took part in the league with FC Dynamo Moscow winning the championship.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [22, 22], "content_span": [23, 103]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077352-0000-0000", "contents": "1959 Soviet Union regional elections\nOn 1 March 1959, elections were held for the Supreme Soviets of the Soviet Union's constituent republics.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [36, 36], "content_span": [37, 142]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077352-0001-0000", "contents": "1959 Soviet Union regional elections\nAccording to Soviet law, 2,793,000 out of an eligible adult voting population of 136,416,000 were disenfranchised for various reasons.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [36, 36], "content_span": [37, 171]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077353-0000-0000", "contents": "1959 Speedway National League\nThe 1959 National League was the was the 25th season and the fourteenth post-war season of the highest tier of motorcycle speedway in Great Britain.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [29, 29], "content_span": [30, 178]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077353-0001-0000", "contents": "1959 Speedway National League, Summary\nWith Ipswich Witches dropping down to the Southern Area League, only 9 teams competed with Wimbledon Dons continuing their domination of British speedway with their fifth title in six years.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 38], "content_span": [39, 229]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077353-0002-0000", "contents": "1959 Speedway National League, National Trophy\nThe 1959 National Trophy was the 21st edition of the Knockout Cup. Wimbledon were the winners.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 46], "content_span": [47, 141]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077354-0000-0000", "contents": "1959 St. Louis Cardinals season\nThe 1959 St. Louis Cardinals  season was the team's 78th season in St. Louis, Missouri and its 68th season in the National League. The Cardinals went 71\u201383 during the season and finished seventh in the National League, 16 games behind the NL pennant winner and World Champion Los Angeles Dodgers. They attracted 929,953 paying fans to Busch Stadium, fifth in the eight-team league.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [31, 31], "content_span": [32, 413]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077354-0001-0000", "contents": "1959 St. Louis Cardinals season, Regular season, Season summary\nThe Cardinals played the league's best baseball from early May into late July, during which time they went 40\u201330. In the end, pitching failed the Redbirds. Their 4.34 ERA was ranked worst in the National League.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 63], "content_span": [64, 275]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077354-0002-0000", "contents": "1959 St. Louis Cardinals season, Regular season, Season summary\nThere were some bright spots to the season. Larry Jackson and Lindy McDaniel, who found success and saved 15 games after an early-season move to the bullpen, each won a team-high 14 games. Also, third baseman Ken Boyer won a Gold Glove this year.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 63], "content_span": [64, 310]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077354-0003-0000", "contents": "1959 St. Louis Cardinals season, Regular season, Season summary\nRight fielder Joe Cunningham led the National League in on-base percentage at .453 and batted .345 to finish second to Hank Aaron for the National League batting title.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 63], "content_span": [64, 232]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077354-0004-0000", "contents": "1959 St. Louis Cardinals season, Player stats, Batting, Starters by position\nNote: Pos = Position; G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 76], "content_span": [77, 201]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077354-0005-0000", "contents": "1959 St. Louis Cardinals season, Player stats, Batting, Other batters\nNote: G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 69], "content_span": [70, 178]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077354-0006-0000", "contents": "1959 St. Louis Cardinals season, Player stats, Pitching, Starting pitchers\nNote: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 74], "content_span": [75, 185]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077354-0007-0000", "contents": "1959 St. Louis Cardinals season, Player stats, Pitching, Other pitchers\nNote: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 71], "content_span": [72, 182]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077354-0008-0000", "contents": "1959 St. Louis Cardinals season, Player stats, Pitching, Relief pitchers\nNote: G = Games pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; SV = Saves; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 72], "content_span": [73, 173]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077355-0000-0000", "contents": "1959 Stanford Indians football team\nThe 1959 Stanford Indians football team represented Stanford University in the 1959 NCAA University Division football season. The team was led by Jack Curtice in his second year. The team played their home games at Stanford Stadium in Stanford, California.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [35, 35], "content_span": [36, 292]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077356-0000-0000", "contents": "1959 Stanley Cup Finals\nThe 1959 Stanley Cup Finals  was the championship series of the National Hockey League's (NHL) 1958\u201359 season, and the culmination of the 1959 Stanley Cup playoffs. It was contested between the three-time defending champion Montreal Canadiens and the Toronto Maple Leafs. Montreal was making its ninth consecutive appearance in the Final series. It was Toronto's first appearance since their 1951 win over Montreal. The Canadiens won the series, four games to one, for their fourth straight Cup victory.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [23, 23], "content_span": [24, 527]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077356-0001-0000", "contents": "1959 Stanley Cup Finals, Paths to the Finals\nMontreal defeated the Chicago Black Hawks in six games to reach the finals. Toronto defeated the Boston Bruins in seven games to reach the finals.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 44], "content_span": [45, 191]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077356-0002-0000", "contents": "1959 Stanley Cup Finals, Game summaries\nMaurice Richard, hampered by injuries, had no points during the playoffs.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 39], "content_span": [40, 113]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077356-0003-0000", "contents": "1959 Stanley Cup Finals, Stanley Cup engraving\nThe 1959 Stanley Cup was presented to Canadiens captain Maurice Richard by NHL President Clarence Campbell following the Canadiens 5\u20133 win over the Maple Leafs in game five.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 46], "content_span": [47, 220]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077356-0004-0000", "contents": "1959 Stanley Cup Finals, Stanley Cup engraving\nThe following Canadiens players and staff had their names engraved on the Stanley Cup", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 46], "content_span": [47, 132]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077357-0000-0000", "contents": "1959 Star World Championships\nThe 1959 Star World Championships were held in Newport Harbor, United States in 1959.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [29, 29], "content_span": [30, 115]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077357-0001-0000", "contents": "1959 Star World Championships, Results\nLegend: DNF \u2013 Did not finish; DSA \u2013 Disabled; DSQ \u2013 Disqualified; WDR \u2013 Withdrew;", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 38], "content_span": [39, 120]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077358-0000-0000", "contents": "1959 Sugar Bowl\nThe 1959 Sugar Bowl featured the top-ranked LSU Tigers and the 12th-ranked Clemson Tigers. LSU had already secured the national title, as the final editions of both major polls were released a month earlier in early December. With Heisman Trophy winner Billy Cannon at halfback, LSU was favored to win by fifteen points.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 15], "section_span": [15, 15], "content_span": [16, 336]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077358-0001-0000", "contents": "1959 Sugar Bowl\nThe game's only score came in the late in third quarter, when Cannon threw a 9-yard touchdown pass to Mickey Mangham for a 7\u20130 lead. LSU had recovered a poor snap from punt formation deep in Clemson territory to set up the score. LSU quarterback Warren Rabb broke his hand on the third play of the game, but it was not discovered until late in the second quarter.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 15], "section_span": [15, 15], "content_span": [16, 379]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077358-0002-0000", "contents": "1959 Sugar Bowl\nLSU's defense shut out Clemson and Cannon was named Sugar Bowl MVP.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 15], "section_span": [15, 15], "content_span": [16, 83]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077358-0003-0000", "contents": "1959 Sugar Bowl\nLSU's shutout victory over #12 Clemson was convincing and highlighted LSU as the only team in the country to go undefeated. Army, Auburn, and Air Force did not lose all season but they each had one game that ended in a tie. LSU's total first place votes was 130 to win the 1958 National Championship in the AP poll. LSU received 29 of the 35 first-place votes to win the #1 ranking in the Coaches poll. LSU earned the #1 rankings in the AP and Coaches poll during week 6 and held on to the #1 rankings for the rest of the year to win the 1958 National Championship in both major polls.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 15], "section_span": [15, 15], "content_span": [16, 601]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077359-0000-0000", "contents": "1959 Summer Universiade\nThe 1959 Summer Universiade, also known as the I Summer Universiade, took place in Turin, Italy.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [23, 23], "content_span": [24, 120]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077359-0001-0000", "contents": "1959 Summer Universiade, Medal table\nItaly leads this first edition in the total medals count.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 36], "content_span": [37, 94]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077360-0000-0000", "contents": "1959 Sun Bowl\nThe 1959 Sun Bowl featured the New Mexico State Aggies and the North Texas State Eagles.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 13], "section_span": [13, 13], "content_span": [14, 102]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077360-0001-0000", "contents": "1959 Sun Bowl, Background\nNew Mexico State represented the Border Intercollegiate Athletic Association (BAAA) and finished tied for third in Warren B. Woodson's second season as head coach for the Aggies. North Texas State was co-champion of the Missouri Valley Conference with Houston in Odus Mitchell's 14th year. This was the Eagles first bowl game since the 1948 Salad Bowl.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 13], "section_span": [15, 25], "content_span": [26, 378]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077360-0002-0000", "contents": "1959 Sun Bowl, Game summary\nCharley Johnson was named Sun Bowl MVP, going 7\u2013of-15 with 124 yards passing and two touchdowns along with 31 yards rushing. Billy Ray Locklin had a defensive touchdown for the Aggies when he recovered a fumble as they led 21\u20130 at halftime. The Eagles could only muster a second half touchdown by Billy Christle and even though Abner Haynes had 174 all purpose yards, Bob Gaiters put the game out of reach with his 44 yard touchdown.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 13], "section_span": [15, 27], "content_span": [28, 461]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077360-0003-0000", "contents": "1959 Sun Bowl, Aftermath\nNew Mexico State returned to the Sun Bowl the following season after winning the BIAA once again. Mitchell coached the Eagles for seven more years and won the conference title twice. The program did not reach another bowl game until the 2001 New Orleans Bowl, 42 years later.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 13], "section_span": [15, 24], "content_span": [25, 300]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077361-0000-0000", "contents": "1959 Super Prestige Pernod\nThe 1959 Super Prestige Pernod was the first edition of the Super Prestige Pernod. It included 11 races all of which, apart from the World Championship race, started in France. It replaced the Challenge Desgrange-Colombo as the season-long competition for road bicycle racing. Henry Anglade won the overall title.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [26, 26], "content_span": [27, 340]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077362-0000-0000", "contents": "1959 Swedish football Division 2\nStatistics of Swedish football Division 2 for the 1959 season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [32, 32], "content_span": [33, 95]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077363-0000-0000", "contents": "1959 Swedish football Division 3\nStatistics of Swedish football Division 3 for the 1959 season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [32, 32], "content_span": [33, 95]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077364-0000-0000", "contents": "1959 Swiss federal election\nFederal elections were held in Switzerland on 25 October 1959. The Social Democratic Party and the Free Democratic Party emerged as the largest parties in the National Council, each winning 51 of the 196 seats.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [27, 27], "content_span": [28, 238]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077364-0001-0000", "contents": "1959 Swiss federal election, Results, Council of the States\nIn several cantons the members of the Council of the States were chosen by the cantonal parliaments.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 59], "content_span": [60, 160]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077365-0000-0000", "contents": "1959 Swiss referendums\nTwo referendums were held in Switzerland in 1959. The first was held on 1 February on the introduction of women's suffrage at the federal level, but was rejected by 67% of voters. The second was held on 24 May on adding article 22bis to the federal constitution, which concerned civil protection. It was approved by 62% of voters.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [22, 22], "content_span": [23, 353]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077366-0000-0000", "contents": "1959 Sylvania Television Awards\nThe 1959 Sylvania Television Awards were presented on January 21, 1960, at the Plaza Hotel in New York City. The Sylvania Awards were established by Sylvania Electric Products.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [31, 31], "content_span": [32, 208]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077366-0001-0000", "contents": "1959 Sylvania Television Awards\nThe nominees were selected by a 32-person panel of critics, and the winners were selected by a committee of 12 judges composed of six television editors from six different regions and six individuals from the fields of business, entertainment, and education.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [31, 31], "content_span": [32, 290]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077366-0002-0000", "contents": "1959 Sylvania Television Awards, Nominees\nThe nominees for outstanding dramatic program of the year included The Turn of the Screw, The Moon and Sixpence, The Browning Version, What Makes Sammy Run?, For Whom the Bell Tolls, and A Doll's House.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 41], "content_span": [42, 244]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077366-0003-0000", "contents": "1959 Sylvania Television Awards, Nominees\nNominees for outstanding comedy program of the year included Art Carney's Small World, Isn't It and Very Important People, and one or more shows from Sid Caesar, Bob Hope, Jack Benny, and Desilu.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 41], "content_span": [42, 237]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077366-0004-0000", "contents": "1959 Sylvania Television Awards, Nominees\nNominees for light musical program included the first Bing Crosby Show, the first Frank Sinatra Show, Startime's Wonderful World of Entertainment, A Toast From Jerome Kern, Music From Shubert Alley, America Pauses for Springtime, and one or more shows from Dinah Shore and Perry Como.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 41], "content_span": [42, 326]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077366-0005-0000", "contents": "1959 Sylvania Television Awards, Nominees\nNominees for outstanding variety show included the Arthur Godfrey Special and Ed Sullivan's Invitation to Moscow.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 41], "content_span": [42, 155]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077366-0006-0000", "contents": "1959 Sylvania Television Awards, Nominees\nNominees for outstanding performance by an actress in a starring role included Ingrid Bergman in Turn of the Screw, Maria Schell in For Whom The Bell Tolls, Siobh\u00e1n McKenna in What Every Woman Knows, and Jo Van Fleet in The Human Comedy.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 41], "content_span": [42, 279]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077366-0007-0000", "contents": "1959 Sylvania Television Awards, Nominees\nNominees for outstanding performance by an actor in a starring role included John Gielgud in The Browning Version, Laurence Olivier in The Moon and Sixpence, Larry Blyden in What Makes Sammy Run?, Lee J. Cobb in Project Immortality, Alec Guinness in The Wicked Scheme of Jebal Deeks, Van Heflin in Rank and File, Alfred Ryder in Billy Budd, and Walter Slezak in My Three Angels.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 41], "content_span": [42, 420]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077366-0008-0000", "contents": "1959 Sylvania Television Awards, Nominees\nNominees for outstanding performance by an actress in a supporting role included Barbara Rush in What Makes Sammy Run?, Alexandra Wager in The Turn of the Screw, Ellen Madison in Body and Soul, and Colleen Dewhurst in I, Don Quixote.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 41], "content_span": [42, 275]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077366-0009-0000", "contents": "1959 Sylvania Television Awards, Nominees\nNominees for outstanding performance by an actor in a supporting role included Hume Cronyn in Moon and Sixpence and Nehemiah Persoff in For Whom the Bell Tolls.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 41], "content_span": [42, 202]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077367-0000-0000", "contents": "1959 Syracuse Orangemen football team\nThe 1959 Syracuse Orangemen football team represented Syracuse University in the 1959 NCAA University Division football season. Led by eleventh-year head coach Ben Schwartzwalder, the independent Orangemen were undefeated and won the school's only national championship in football, topping the rankings by wide margins in the final polls in early December.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [37, 37], "content_span": [38, 395]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077367-0001-0000", "contents": "1959 Syracuse Orangemen football team\nThey met fourth-ranked Texas in the Cotton Bowl Classic in Dallas on New Year's Day, and led 15\u20130 at halftime and 23\u20136 after the three quarters. Texas scored midway through the fourth quarter to draw to 23\u201314, but there was no further scoring, and Syracuse gained its first bowl win. Unranked at the start of the season, Syracuse finished with an 11\u20130 record with five shutouts, and outscored its opponents 413\u201373.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [37, 37], "content_span": [38, 452]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077367-0002-0000", "contents": "1959 Syracuse Orangemen football team\nNotable players included sophomore running back Ernie Davis, winner of the Heisman Trophy in 1961 and the first selection of the 1962 NFL Draft. In the Cotton Bowl Classic, he scored the first two touchdowns and threw a pass to Gerhard Schwedes for the third. Davis was helped by an offensive line that included unanimous first team All-American guard Roger Davis.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [37, 37], "content_span": [38, 402]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077367-0003-0000", "contents": "1959 Syracuse Orangemen football team\nThe team was named national champion by AP, Billingsley, Boand, DeVold, Football News, Football Research, Football Writers, Helms, Litkenhous, NCF, NFF, Poling,  Sagarin (ELO-Chess), UPI, and Williamson, leading to a consensus national champion designation.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [37, 37], "content_span": [38, 295]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077368-0000-0000", "contents": "1959 S\u00e3o Paulo FC season\nThe 1959 football season was S\u00e3o Paulo's 30th season since club's existence.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [24, 24], "content_span": [25, 101]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077369-0000-0000", "contents": "1959 TANFL season\nThe 1959 Tasmanian Australian National Football League (TANFL) premiership season was an Australian Rules football competition staged in Hobart, Tasmania over eighteen (18) roster rounds and four (4) finals series matches between 28 March and 19 September 1959.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [17, 17], "content_span": [18, 279]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077369-0001-0000", "contents": "1959 TANFL season, Participating Clubs, State Grand Final\nNote: Hobart (TANFL guernseys) and Burnie (NWFU guernseys) wore alternate strips due to a guernsey clash.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 57], "content_span": [58, 163]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077369-0002-0000", "contents": "1959 TANFL season, 1959 TANFL Ladder, Round 1\n(Saturday, 28 March. Monday, 30 March & Saturday, 4 April 1959)", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 45], "content_span": [46, 109]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077369-0003-0000", "contents": "1959 TANFL season, 1959 TANFL Ladder, Grand Final\nSource: All scores and statistics courtesy of the Hobart Mercury and Saturday Evening Mercury (SEM) publications.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 49], "content_span": [50, 163]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077370-0000-0000", "contents": "1959 TCU Horned Frogs football team\nThe 1959 TCU Horned Frogs football team represented Texas Christian University (TCU) in the 1959 NCAA University Division football season. The Horned Frogs finished the season 8\u20133 overall and 5\u20131 in the Southwest Conference. The team was coached by Abe Martin in his seventh year as head coach. The Frogs played their home games in Amon G. Carter Stadium, which is located on campus in Fort Worth, Texas. They were invited to the Bluebonnet Bowl, where they lost to Clemson by a score of 23\u20137.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [35, 35], "content_span": [36, 529]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077371-0000-0000", "contents": "1959 Tampa Spartans football team\nThe 1959 Tampa Spartans football team represented the University of Tampa in the 1959 NCAA College Division football season. It was the Spartans' 23rd season. The team was led by head coach Marcelino Huerta, in his eighth year, and played their home games at Phillips Field in Tampa, Florida. They finished with a record of three wins and seven losses (3\u20137).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [33, 33], "content_span": [34, 392]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077372-0000-0000", "contents": "1959 Targa Florio\nThe 43\u00b0 Targa Florio was a motor race for sportscars held on 24 May 1959 on the Circuito Piccolo delle Madonie, Sicily, Italy. It was the second round of the 1959 F.I.A. World Sports Car Championship and the 43rd running of the Targa Florio. Early that year, the event founder, Vincenzo Florio died and his nephew Vincent Paladion promised to keep alive Florio's Targa. \u201cThe Targa must continue... Promise me!..\u201d", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [17, 17], "content_span": [18, 430]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077372-0001-0000", "contents": "1959 Targa Florio\nThe race was won by Edgar Barth and Wolfgang Seidel driving a Porsche 718 RSK entered by Porsche KG.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [17, 17], "content_span": [18, 118]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077372-0002-0000", "contents": "1959 Targa Florio, Report, Entry\nThe event attracted fewer cars than in previous years, with 59 racing cars registered for this event, instead of the 81 in 1958. Of the 59 cars registered, 58 arrived for practice with 52 qualifying for and starting the race.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 32], "content_span": [33, 258]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077372-0003-0000", "contents": "1959 Targa Florio, Report, Entry\nReigning champions, Ferrari had entered three of their latest 250 TR 59 for their squad of drivers; Phil Hill, Dan Gurney, Tony Brooks, Olivier Gendebien, Jean Behra and Cliff Allison. As Aston Martin elected to miss the event, there was no other entrants in the S3.0 class, therefore their main opposition would come from the works Porsches of Jo Bonnier, Wolfgang von Trips, Edgar Barth and Wolfgang Seidel, but these were smaller engined cars and less powerful.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 32], "content_span": [33, 497]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077372-0004-0000", "contents": "1959 Targa Florio, Report, Race\nThis was meant to be a Ferrari battle, but it was not to be, as all the Ferraris retired due to mechanical problems. This left Porsche alone to command the race, taking the top four places. Their only issue was the leading Porsche 718 of Bonnier and von Trips being forced to withdraw on the last lap.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 31], "content_span": [32, 333]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077372-0005-0000", "contents": "1959 Targa Florio, Report, Race\nPorsche recorded their first win in the World Sportscar Champions, with the pairing of Barth/Seidel. They took an impressive victory, with their 718 RSK completing 14 laps, covering 626.343 miles in just over 11 hours of racing, averaging a speed of 56.737\u00a0mph. Second place went to the second Porsche of Eberhard Mahle, Paul Ernst Str\u00e4hle and Herbert Linge in a Porsche 550 RS, albeit 20 mins adrift. The podium was complete by another works Porsche, this time a 356A Carrera of Antonio Pucci and Huschke von Hanstein who were further 9 mins behind, the first GT car to finish. Surprisingly, the fourth car home was driven by the same crew that finished second.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 31], "content_span": [32, 694]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077372-0006-0000", "contents": "1959 Targa Florio, Report, Race\nThe result meant Porsche took the lead in the World Championship standing. This was the first time Ferrari had not topped the standings since March 1957.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 31], "content_span": [32, 185]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077372-0007-0000", "contents": "1959 Targa Florio, Standings after the race\nChampionship points were awarded for the first six places in each race in the order of 8-6-4-3-2-1. Manufacturers were only awarded points for their highest finishing car with no points awarded for positions filled by additional cars. Only the best 3 results out of the 5 races could be retained by each manufacturer. Points earned but not counted towards the championship totals are listed within brackets in the above table.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 43], "content_span": [44, 470]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077373-0000-0000", "contents": "1959 Tasmanian state election\nThe Tasmanian state election, 1959 was held on 2 May 1959  in the Australian state of Tasmania to elect 35 members of the Tasmanian House of Assembly. The number of members were increased from this election from 30 to 35. The election used the Hare-Clark proportional representation system \u2014 seven members were elected from each of five electorates.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [29, 29], "content_span": [30, 379]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077373-0001-0000", "contents": "1959 Tasmanian state election\nThe two previous elections had resulted in a parliamentary deadlock due to an even number of seats (30) in the House of Assembly. Prior to the 1959 election, the number of seats was increased to 35.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [29, 29], "content_span": [30, 228]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077373-0002-0000", "contents": "1959 Tasmanian state election\nRobert Cosgrove had retired as Premier of Tasmania, and had been replaced by Eric Reece on 26 August 1958.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [29, 29], "content_span": [30, 136]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077373-0003-0000", "contents": "1959 Tasmanian state election, Results\nThe Labor Party won the most seats in the newly expanded House of Assembly, but not enough to govern in a majority as two seats were won by Independents. The 1959 election was the last occasion in which an ungrouped independent (Bill Wedd) won a seat in Tasmania.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 38], "content_span": [39, 302]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077373-0004-0000", "contents": "1959 Tasmanian state election, Results\nFormer Labor Treasurer Dr Reg Turnbull won two quotas in his own right as an independent in Bass, representing 5.64% of the statewide result.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 38], "content_span": [39, 180]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077373-0005-0000", "contents": "1959 Tasmanian state election, Results\nTasmanian state election, 2 May 1959House of Assembly << 1956\u20131964 >>", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 38], "content_span": [39, 108]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077374-0000-0000", "contents": "1959 Ta\u00e7a de Portugal Final\nThe 1959 Ta\u00e7a de Portugal Final was the final match of the 1958\u201359 Ta\u00e7a de Portugal, the 19th season of the Ta\u00e7a de Portugal, the premier Portuguese football cup competition organized by the Portuguese Football Federation (FPF). The match was played on 19 July 1959 at the Est\u00e1dio Nacional in Oeiras, and opposed two Primeira Liga sides: Benfica and Porto. Benfica defeated Porto 1\u20130 to claim a tenth Ta\u00e7a de Portugal.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [27, 27], "content_span": [28, 446]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077375-0000-0000", "contents": "1959 Team Speedway Polish Championship\n1959 Team Speedway Polish Championship season was the eleventh season and is used to determine the Team Polish Champion.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [38, 38], "content_span": [39, 159]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077376-0000-0000", "contents": "1959 Temple Owls football team\nThe 1959 Temple Owls football team was an American football team that represented Temple University as a member of the Middle Atlantic Conference (MAC) during the 1959 NCAA College Division football season. In its fourth and final season under head coach Peter P. Stevens, the team compiled a 0\u20139 record. The season was part of a 21-game losing streak that began on November 2, 1957, and ended on September 24, 1960. The team played its home games at Temple Stadium in Philadelphia.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [30, 30], "content_span": [31, 513]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077376-0001-0000", "contents": "1959 Temple Owls football team\nStevens resigned as Temple's head football coach on December 31, 1959. He had been associated with Temple football for 17 years, first as a player, then as an assistant coach for nine years, and finally as head coach from 1956 to 1959.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [30, 30], "content_span": [31, 266]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077377-0000-0000", "contents": "1959 Tennessee Volunteers football team\nThe 1959 Tennessee Volunteers (variously \"Tennessee\", \"UT\" or the \"Vols\") represented the University of Tennessee in the 1959 NCAA University Division football season. Playing as a member of the Southeastern Conference (SEC), the team was led by head coach Bowden Wyatt, in his fifth year, and played their home games at Shields\u2013Watkins Field in Knoxville, Tennessee. They finished the season with a record of five wins, four losses and one tie (5\u20134\u20131 overall, 3\u20134\u20131 in the SEC).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [39, 39], "content_span": [40, 519]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077378-0000-0000", "contents": "1959 Texas A&M Aggies football team\nThe 1959 Texas A&M Aggies football team represented Texas A&M University in the 1959 NCAA University Division football season as a member of the Southwest Conference (SWC). The Aggies were led by head coach Jim Myers in his second season and finished with a record of three wins and seven losses (3\u20137 overall, 0\u20136 in the SWC).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [35, 35], "content_span": [36, 362]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077379-0000-0000", "contents": "1959 Texas Longhorns football team\nThe 1959 Texas Longhorns football team represented the University of Texas at Austin during the 1959 NCAA University Division football season. On New Year's Day 1960, Texas lost to top-ranked Syracuse in the Cotton Bowl Classic, 23\u201314.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [34, 34], "content_span": [35, 270]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077380-0000-0000", "contents": "1959 Texas Tech Red Raiders football team\nThe 1959 Texas Tech Red Raiders football team represented Texas Tech University as an independent during the 1959 NCAA University Division football season. In their ninth season under head coach DeWitt Weaver, the Red Raiders compiled a 4\u20136 record and were outscored by opponents by a combined total of 158 to 139. The team's statistical leaders included Ken Talkington with 603 passing yards, Carl Gatlin with 211 rushing yards, and Bake Turner with 444 receiving yards. The team played its home games at Clifford B. and Audrey Jones Stadium.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 41], "section_span": [41, 41], "content_span": [42, 585]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077381-0000-0000", "contents": "1959 Texas Western Miners football team\nThe 1959 Texas Western Miners football team was an American football team that represented Texas Western College (now known as University of Texas at El Paso) as a member of the Border Conference during the 1959 NCAA University Division football season. In its third season under head coach Ben Collins, the team compiled a 3\u20137 record (2\u20133 against Border Conference opponents), finished fifth in the conference, and was outscored by a total of 191 to 163.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [39, 39], "content_span": [40, 495]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077382-0000-0000", "contents": "1959 The Citadel Bulldogs football team\nThe 1959 The Citadel Bulldogs football team represented The Citadel, The Military College of South Carolina in the 1959 NCAA University Division football season. Eddie Teague served as head coach for the third season. The Bulldogs played as members of the Southern Conference and played home games at Johnson Hagood Stadium.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [39, 39], "content_span": [40, 364]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077383-0000-0000", "contents": "1959 Tibetan uprising\nThe 1959 Tibetan uprising or the 1959 Tibetan rebellion (Chinese: 1959\u5e74\u85cf\u533a\u9a9a\u4e71) began on 10 March 1959, when a revolt erupted in Lhasa, the capital of Tibet, which had been under the effective control of the People's Republic of China since the Seventeen Point Agreement was reached in 1951. The initial uprising occurred amid general Chinese-Tibetan tensions and in a context of confusion, as Tibetan protestors feared that the Chinese government might arrest the 14th Dalai Lama. The protests were also fuelled by anti-Chinese sentiment and separatism.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [21, 21], "content_span": [22, 573]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077383-0000-0001", "contents": "1959 Tibetan uprising\nAt first, the uprising consisted of mostly peaceful protests, but clashes quickly erupted and the Chinese People's Liberation Army (PLA) eventually used force to put down the protestors, some of whom had captured arms. The last stages of the uprising included heavy fighting, with high civilian and military losses. The 14th Dalai Lama escaped from Lhasa, while the city was fully retaken by Chinese security forces on 23 March 1959. Thousands were killed during the 1959 uprising, although the exact number is disputed.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [21, 21], "content_span": [22, 542]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077383-0001-0000", "contents": "1959 Tibetan uprising\nEarlier in 1956, armed conflict between Tibetan guerillas and the PLA started in the Kham and Amdo regions, which had been subjected to socialist reform. The guerrilla warfare later spread to other areas of Tibet and lasted through 1962. Some regard the Xunhua Incident in 1958 as a precursor of the Tibetan uprising.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [21, 21], "content_span": [22, 339]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077383-0002-0000", "contents": "1959 Tibetan uprising\nThe annual 10 March anniversary of the uprising is observed by exiled Tibetans as Tibetan Uprising Day and Women's Uprising Day. On 19 January 2009, The PRC-controlled legislature in the Tibetan Autonomous Region chose 28 March as the national anniversary of Serfs Emancipation Day. According to Warren W. Smith, this move was a \"counter-propaganda\" celebration following the 10 March 2008 unrest in Tibet.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [21, 21], "content_span": [22, 428]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077383-0003-0000", "contents": "1959 Tibetan uprising, Armed resistance in east Tibet\nIn 1951, an agreement between the People's Republic of China and representatives of the Dalai Lama was put into effect. Socialist reforms such as redistribution of land were delayed in Tibet proper. However, eastern Kham and Amdo (western Sichuan and Qinghai provinces in the Chinese administrative hierarchy) were outside the administration of the Tibetan government in Lhasa, and were thus treated more like other Chinese provinces, with land redistribution implemented in full. The Khampas and nomads of Amdo traditionally owned their own land. Armed resistance broke out in Amdo and eastern Kham in June 1956.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [23, 53], "content_span": [54, 667]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077383-0004-0000", "contents": "1959 Tibetan uprising, Armed resistance in east Tibet\nPrior to the PLA invasion, relations between Lhasa and the Khampa chieftains had deteriorated, although the Khampa remained spiritually loyal to the Dalai Lama throughout. Because of these strained relations, the Khampa had actually assisted the Chinese in their initial invasion, before becoming the guerrilla resistance they are now known for. Pandatsang Rapga, a pro Kuomintang and pro Republic of China revolutionary Khampa leader, offered the governor of Chamdo, Ngabo Ngawang Jigme, some Khampa fighters in exchange for the Tibetan government recognizing the independence of Kham. Ngabo refused the offer. After the defeat of the Tibetan Army in Chamdo, Rapga started mediating in negotiations between the PLA and Tibetan rebels.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [23, 53], "content_span": [54, 789]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077383-0005-0000", "contents": "1959 Tibetan uprising, Armed resistance in east Tibet\nRapga and Topgay engaged in negotiations with the Chinese during their assault on Chamdo. Khampas either defected to the Chinese PLA forces or did not fight at all. The PLA attack succeeded.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [23, 53], "content_span": [54, 244]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077383-0006-0000", "contents": "1959 Tibetan uprising, Armed resistance in east Tibet\nBy 1957, Kham was in chaos. Resistance fighters' attacks and People's Liberation Army reprisals against Khampa resistance fighters such as the Chushi Gangdruk became increasingly brutal. Kham's monastic networks came to be used by guerilla forces to relay messages and hide rebels. Punitive strikes were carried out by the Chinese government against Tibetan villages and monasteries. Tibetan exiles assert that threats to bomb the Potala Palace and the Dalai Lama were made by Chinese military commanders in an attempt to intimidate the guerrilla forces into submission.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [23, 53], "content_span": [54, 624]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077383-0007-0000", "contents": "1959 Tibetan uprising, Armed resistance in east Tibet\nLhasa continued to abide by the seventeen-point agreement and sent a delegation to Kham to quell the rebellion. After speaking with the rebel leaders, the delegation instead joined the rebellion. Kham leaders contacted the Central Intelligence Agency (CIA), but the CIA under President Dwight D. Eisenhower insisted it required an official request from Lhasa to support the rebels. Lhasa did not act. Eventually the CIA began to provide covert support for the rebellion without word from Lhasa. By then the rebellion had spread to Lhasa which had filled with refugees from Amdo and Kham. Opposition to the Chinese presence in Tibet grew within the city of Lhasa.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [23, 53], "content_span": [54, 716]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077383-0008-0000", "contents": "1959 Tibetan uprising, Armed resistance in east Tibet\nIn mid-February 1959 the CCP Central Committee's Administrative Office circulated the Xinhua News Agency internal report on how \"the revolts in the Tibetan region have gathered pace and developed into a nearly full-scale rebellion.\" in a \"situation report\" for top CCP leaders.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [23, 53], "content_span": [54, 331]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077383-0009-0000", "contents": "1959 Tibetan uprising, Armed resistance in east Tibet\n\"The more chaotic [the situation] in Tibet becomes the better; for it will help train our troops and toughen the masses. Furthermore, [the chaos] will provide a sufficient reason to crush the rebellion and carry out reforms in the future.\" \u2013 Mao Zedong", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [23, 53], "content_span": [54, 306]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077383-0010-0000", "contents": "1959 Tibetan uprising, Armed resistance in east Tibet\nThe next day, the Chinese leader saw a report from the PLA General Staff\u2019s Operations Department describing rebellions by Tibetans in Sichuan, Yunnan, Gansu, and Qinghai. He again stressed that \"rebellions like these are extremely favorable for us because they will benefit us in helping to train our troops, train the people, and provide a sufficient reason to crush the rebellion and carry out comprehensive reforms in the future.\"", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [23, 53], "content_span": [54, 487]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077383-0011-0000", "contents": "1959 Tibetan uprising, Armed resistance in east Tibet\nThe PLA used Hui soldiers, who formerly had served under Ma Bufang to crush the Tibetan revolt in Amdo. Hui cavalry were stationed in Southern Kham. The situation in all of Tibet became increasingly tense, as a growing number of Tibetans began to support the Khampa uprising, while the regional government in Lhasa neither wanted to back a rebellion nor publicly oppose it. In this unstable situation, the Chinese generals resident in Lhasa was summoned back to mainland China, leaving the inexperienced PLA commander Tan Guansen in charge.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [23, 53], "content_span": [54, 594]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077383-0012-0000", "contents": "1959 Tibetan uprising, Lhasa Rebellion\nAccording to historian Tsering Shakya, the Chinese government was pressuring the Dalai Lama to attend the National People's Congress in April 1959, in order to repair China's image in relation to ethnic minorities after the Khampa rebellion. On 7 February 1959, a significant day on the Tibetan calendar, the Dalai Lama attended a religious dance, after which the acting representative in Tibet, Tan Guansan, offered the Dalai Lama a chance to see a performance from a dance troupe native to Lhasa at the Norbulingka to celebrate the Dalai Lama's completion of his lharampa geshe degree.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [23, 38], "content_span": [39, 626]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077383-0012-0001", "contents": "1959 Tibetan uprising, Lhasa Rebellion\nAccording to the Dalai Lama's memoirs, the invitation came from Chinese General Chiang Chin-wu, who proposed that the performance be held at the Chinese military headquarters; the Dalai Lama states that he agreed. However, tibetologist Sam van Schaik stated that the Dalai Lama was the one who proposed that the dance should take place in the military headquarters as the Norbulingka was too small. Both parties did not yet agree on a date, and the Dalai Lama seemed to put the event \"out of his mind\", focusing instead on his ongoing examinations for his Geshe degree as well as the Monlam Prayer Festival.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [23, 38], "content_span": [39, 646]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077383-0013-0000", "contents": "1959 Tibetan uprising, Lhasa Rebellion\nBesides Tan and the Dalai Lama, nobody was seemingly informed of the plans for the dance. As a result, planned performance date was only finalized 5 or 3 days beforehand when Tan reminded the Dalai Lama of the dance who suggested 10 March. The decision was seemingly concluded on a whim. Neither the Kashag nor the Dalai Lama's bodyguards were informed of the Dalai Lama's plans until Chinese officials briefed them on 9 March, one day before the performance was scheduled, and insisted that they would handle the Dalai Lama's security.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [23, 38], "content_span": [39, 575]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077383-0013-0001", "contents": "1959 Tibetan uprising, Lhasa Rebellion\nThe Dalai Lama's memoirs state that on 9 March the Chinese told his chief bodyguard that they wanted the Dalai Lama's excursion to watch the production conducted \"in absolute secrecy\" and without any armed Tibetan bodyguards, which \"all seemed strange requests and there was much discussion\" amongst the Dalai Lama's advisors. Some members of the Kashag were alarmed and concerned that the Dalai Lama might be abducted, recalling a prophecy that told that the Dalai Lama should not exit his palace.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [23, 38], "content_span": [39, 537]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077383-0014-0000", "contents": "1959 Tibetan uprising, Lhasa Rebellion\nAccording to historian Tsering Shakya, some Tibetan government officials feared that plans were being laid for a Chinese abduction of the Dalai Lama, and spread word to that effect amongst the inhabitants of Lhasa. On 10 March, several thousand Tibetans surrounded the Dalai Lama's palace to prevent him from leaving or being removed. The huge crowd had gathered in response to a rumor that the Chinese were planning to arrest the Dalai Lama when he went to a cultural performance at the PLA's headquarters.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [23, 38], "content_span": [39, 546]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077383-0014-0001", "contents": "1959 Tibetan uprising, Lhasa Rebellion\nThis marked the beginning of the uprising in Lhasa, though Chinese forces had skirmished with guerrillas outside the city in December of the previous year. Although CCP officials insisted that the \"reactionary upper stratum\" in Lhasa was responsible for the rumor, there is no way to identify the precise source. At first, the violence was directed at Tibetan officials perceived not to have protected the Dalai Lama or to be pro-Chinese; attacks on Chinese started later.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [23, 38], "content_span": [39, 511]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077383-0014-0002", "contents": "1959 Tibetan uprising, Lhasa Rebellion\nOne of the first casualties of mob was a senior lama, Pagbalha Soinam Gyamco, who worked with the PRC as a member of the Preparatory Committee of the Tibetan Autonomous Region, who was killed and his body dragged by a horse in front of the crowd for 2 kilometres (1.2\u00a0mi).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [23, 38], "content_span": [39, 311]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077383-0015-0000", "contents": "1959 Tibetan uprising, Lhasa Rebellion\nOn 12 March, protesters appeared in the streets of Lhasa declaring Tibet's independence. Barricades went up on the streets of Lhasa, and Chinese and Tibetan rebel forces began to fortify positions within and around Lhasa in preparation for conflict. A petition of support for the armed rebels outside the city was taken up, and an appeal for assistance was made to the Indian consul. Chinese and Tibetan troops continued moving into position over the next several days, with Chinese artillery pieces being deployed within range of the Dalai Lama's summer palace, the Norbulingka.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [23, 38], "content_span": [39, 618]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077383-0016-0000", "contents": "1959 Tibetan uprising, Lhasa Rebellion\nOn 12 March thousands of women gathered in front of the Potala Palace in Lhasa on the ground called Dri-bu-Yul-Khai Thang. The leader of this nonviolent demonstration was Pamo Kusang. This demonstration, now known as Women's Uprising Day, started the Tibetan women's movement for independence. On 14 March at the same location thousands of women assembled in a protest led by \"Gurteng Kunsang, a member of the aristocratic Kundeling family and mother of six who was later arrested by the Chinese and executed by firing squad.\"", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [23, 38], "content_span": [39, 565]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077383-0017-0000", "contents": "1959 Tibetan uprising, Lhasa Rebellion\nOn 15 March, preparations for the Dalai Lama's evacuation from the city were set in motion, with Tibetan troops being employed to secure an escape route from Lhasa. On 17 March, two artillery shells landed near the Dalai Lama's palace, triggering his flight into exile. The Dalai Lama secretly left the palace the following night and slipped out of Lhasa with his family and a small number of officials. The Chinese had not strongly guarded the Potala, as they did not believe it likely that the Dalai Lama would try to flee.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [23, 38], "content_span": [39, 564]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077383-0018-0000", "contents": "1959 Tibetan uprising, Lhasa Rebellion\nRumours about the Dalai Lama's disappearance began to spread rapidly on the next day, though most still believed that he was in the palace. Meanwhile, the situation in the city became increasingly tense, as protestors had seized a number of machine guns. On 20 March, the Chinese army responded by shelling the Norbulingka to disperse the crowd, and placed its troops at a barricade that divided the city into a northern and southern part in the following night.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [23, 38], "content_span": [39, 501]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077383-0018-0001", "contents": "1959 Tibetan uprising, Lhasa Rebellion\nThe battle began early on the following day, and even though the Tibetan rebels were outnumbered and poorly armed, the street fighting proved to be \"bloody\". The last Tibetan resistance was centered on the Jokhang, where Khampa refugees had set up machine guns, while a large number of Tibetans circumambulated the temple in reverence. The PLA started to attack the Jokhang on 23 March, and a hard-fought, three hours-long battle with many casualties on both sides ensued. The Chinese eventually managed to break through using a tank, whereupon they raised the flag of China on the temple, ending the uprising.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [23, 38], "content_span": [39, 649]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077383-0019-0000", "contents": "1959 Tibetan uprising, Lhasa Rebellion\nTwo British writers, Stuart and Roma Gelder, visited the Chensel Phodrang palace in the Norbulingka in 1962 and \"found its contents meticulously preserved\".", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [23, 38], "content_span": [39, 195]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077383-0020-0000", "contents": "1959 Tibetan uprising, Republic of China's involvement and its position on Tibetan independence\nPandatsang Rapga, a pro-Kuomintang and pro-Republic of China revolutionary Khampa leader, was instrumental in the revolt against the Communists. The Kuomintang had a history of using Khampa fighters to oppose both the Dalai Lama's Tibetan government, and battle the Communist Red Army.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [23, 95], "content_span": [96, 381]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077383-0021-0000", "contents": "1959 Tibetan uprising, Republic of China's involvement and its position on Tibetan independence\nRapga continued to cooperate with the ROC Kuomintang government after it fled to Taiwan; they provided training to Khampa rebels against the Communist PLA forces.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [23, 95], "content_span": [96, 258]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077383-0022-0000", "contents": "1959 Tibetan uprising, Republic of China's involvement and its position on Tibetan independence\nThe Republic of China on Taiwan disputed with America whether Tibet would be independent, since the ROC claimed Tibet as part of its territory. Rapga agreed to a plan in which the revolt against the Communists would include anti feudalism, land reform, a modern government, and to give power to the people.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [23, 95], "content_span": [96, 402]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077383-0023-0000", "contents": "1959 Tibetan uprising, Republic of China's involvement and its position on Tibetan independence\nThe Republic of China continued to claim Tibet as an integral part of its territory in accordance with its constitution, contrary to the claims of the Dalai Lama's Central Tibetan Administration which claimed Tibetan independence.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [23, 95], "content_span": [96, 326]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077383-0024-0000", "contents": "1959 Tibetan uprising, Republic of China's involvement and its position on Tibetan independence\nAfter the 1959 Tibetan Rebellion, Chiang Kai-shek announced in his Letter to Tibetan Friends (Chinese: \u544a\u897f\u85cf\u540c\u80de\u66f8; pinyin: G\u00e0o X\u012bz\u00e0ng T\u00f3ngb\u0101o Sh\u016b) that the ROC's policy would be to help the Tibetan diaspora overthrow the People's Republic of China's rule in Tibet. The Mongolian and Tibetan Affairs Commission sent secret agents to India to disseminate pro-Kuomintang (KMT) and anti-Communist propaganda among Tibetan exiles. From 1971 to 1978, the MTAC also recruited ethnic Tibetan children from India and Nepal to study in Taiwan, with the expectation that they would work for a ROC government that returned to the mainland.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [23, 95], "content_span": [96, 719]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077383-0024-0001", "contents": "1959 Tibetan uprising, Republic of China's involvement and its position on Tibetan independence\nIn 1994, the veterans' association for the Tibetan guerrilla group Chushi Gangdruk met with the MTAC and agreed to the KMT's One China Principle. In response, the Dalai Lama's Central Tibetan Administration forbade all exiled Tibetans from contact with the MTAC. Tibetans in Taiwan, who are mostly of Kham origin, support the Republic of China's position that Tibet is part of the ROC, and are against both the Tibetan exile community in India who live under the Tibetan Government in Exile (TGE) and the Communists in mainland China. The Taiwanese Tibetans are considered traitors by the TGE for their position.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [23, 95], "content_span": [96, 708]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077383-0025-0000", "contents": "1959 Tibetan uprising, Casualties\nColin Mackerras states, \"There was a major rebellion against Chinese rule in Tibet in March 1959, which was put down with the cost of much bloodshed and lasting bitterness on the part of the Tibetans.\" The Tibetan government-in-exile reports variously, 85,000, 86,000, and 87,000 deaths for Tibetans during the rebellion, attributed to \"secret Chinese documents captured by guerrillas\". Tibetologist Tom Grunfeld said \"the veracity of such a claim is difficult to verify.\"", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [23, 33], "content_span": [34, 506]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077383-0025-0001", "contents": "1959 Tibetan uprising, Casualties\nWarren W. Smith, a writer with Radio Free Asia, writes that the \"secret documents\" came from a 1960 PLA report captured by guerrillas in 1966, with the figures first published by the TGIE in India in 1990. Smith states that the documents said that 87,000 \"enemies were eliminated\", but he does not take \"eliminated\" to mean \"killed\", as the TGIE does.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [23, 33], "content_span": [34, 385]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077383-0025-0002", "contents": "1959 Tibetan uprising, Casualties\nA Tibetan Government in Exile (TGIE) official surnamed Samdup released a report for Asia Watch after three fact-finding missions from 1979 to 1981, stating that a speech by premier Zhou Enlai, published in Beijing Review in 1980, confirmed the 87,000 figure. Demographer Yan Hao could find no reference to any such figure in the published speech, and concluded, \"If these TGIE sources are not reluctant to fabricate Chinese sources in open publications, how can they expect people to believe in their citations of so-called Chinese secret internal documents and speeches that are never available in originals to independent researchers?\"", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [23, 33], "content_span": [34, 671]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077383-0026-0000", "contents": "1959 Tibetan uprising, Aftermath\nLhasa's three major monasteries\u2014Sera, Ganden, and Drepung\u2014were seriously damaged by shelling, with Sera and Drepung being damaged nearly beyond repair. According to the TGIE, members of the Dalai Lama's bodyguard remaining in Lhasa were disarmed and publicly executed, along with Tibetans found to be harbouring weapons in their homes. Thousands of Tibetan monks were executed or arrested, and monasteries and temples around the city were looted or destroyed.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [23, 32], "content_span": [33, 492]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077383-0027-0000", "contents": "1959 Tibetan uprising, Aftermath\nAfter the 12 March Women's Uprising demonstration, many of the women involved were imprisoned, including the leader of the demonstration, Pamo Kusang. \"Some of them were tortured, died in prison, or were executed.\" Known as Women's Uprising Day, this demonstration started the Tibetan women's movement for independence.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [23, 32], "content_span": [33, 352]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077383-0028-0000", "contents": "1959 Tibetan uprising, Aftermath\nThe CIA officer, Bruce Walker, who oversaw the operations of CIA-trained Tibetan agents, was troubled by the hostility from the Tibetans towards his agents: \"the radio teams were experiencing major resistance from the population inside Tibet.\" The CIA trained Tibetans from 1957 to 1972, in the United States, and parachuted them back into Tibet to organise rebellions against the PLA. In one incident, one agent was immediately reported by his own brother and all three agents in the team were arrested. They were not mistreated. After less than a month of propaganda sessions, they were escorted to the Indian border and released.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [23, 32], "content_span": [33, 665]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077383-0029-0000", "contents": "1959 Tibetan uprising, Aftermath\nIn April 1959, the 19-year-old Choekyi Gyaltsen, 10th Panchen Lama, the second ranking spiritual leader in Tibet, residing in Shigatse, called on Tibetans to support the Chinese government. However, after a tour through Tibet, he wrote a document in May 1962 known as the 70,000 Character Petition addressed to Zhou Enlai criticizing Chinese abuses in Tibet, and met with Zhou to discuss it. The outlined petition dealt with the brutal suppression of the Tibetan people both during and after the PRC's invasion of Tibet and the sufferings of the people in The Great Leap Forward.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [23, 32], "content_span": [33, 612]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077383-0029-0001", "contents": "1959 Tibetan uprising, Aftermath\nIn this document, he criticized the suppression that the Chinese authorities had conducted in retaliation for the 1959 Tibetan uprising. But in October 1962, the PRC authorities dealing with the population criticized the petition. Chairman Mao  called the petition \"... a poisoned arrow shot at the Party by reactionary feudal overlords.\" In 1967 the Panchen Lama was formally arrested and imprisoned until his release in 1977.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [23, 32], "content_span": [33, 460]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077383-0030-0000", "contents": "1959 Tibetan uprising, Aftermath\nBuddhist monk Palden Gyatso was arrested in June 1959 by Chinese officials for demonstrating during the March uprising. He spent the following 33 years in Chinese prisons and laogai or \"reform through labor\" camps, the longest term of any Tibetan political prisoner. \"He was forced to participate in barbarous re-education classes and He was tortured by various methods, which included being beaten with a club ridden with nails, shocked by an electric probe, which scarred his tongue and caused his teeth to fall out, whipped while being forced to pull an iron plow, and starved.\" leading to irreversible physical damage. Released in 1992, he escaped to Dharamsala in India, home of the Tibetan government in exile and became an internationally acclaimed activist for the Tibetan independence cause.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [23, 32], "content_span": [33, 833]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077383-0031-0000", "contents": "1959 Tibetan uprising, Aftermath\nChinese authorities have interpreted the uprising as a revolt of the Tibetan elite against Communist reforms that were improving the lot of Tibetan serfs. Tibetan and third party sources, on the other hand, have usually interpreted it as a popular uprising against the alien Chinese presence. Historian Tsering Shakya has argued that it was a popular revolt against both the Chinese and the Lhasa government, which was perceived as failing to protect the authority and safety of the Dalai Lama from the Chinese.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [23, 32], "content_span": [33, 544]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077384-0000-0000", "contents": "1959 Tipperary Senior Hurling Championship\nThe 1959 Tipperary Senior Hurling Championship was the 69th staging of the Tipperary Senior Hurling Championship since its establishment by the Tipperary County Board in 1887.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 42], "section_span": [42, 42], "content_span": [43, 218]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077384-0001-0000", "contents": "1959 Tipperary Senior Hurling Championship\nOn 23 August 1959, Thurles Sarsfields won the championship after a 3-12 to 2-06 defeat of Kilruane MacDonaghs in the final at Thurles Sportsfield. It was their 22nd championship title overall and their fifth title in succession.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 42], "section_span": [42, 42], "content_span": [43, 271]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077385-0000-0000", "contents": "1959 Titleholders Championship\nThe 1959 Titleholders Championship was contested from March 12\u201315 at Augusta Country Club. It was the 20th edition of the Titleholders Championship.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [30, 30], "content_span": [31, 179]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077386-0000-0000", "contents": "1959 Toledo Rockets football team\nThe 1959 Toledo Rockets football team was an American football team that represented Toledo University in the Mid-American Conference (MAC) during the 1959 NCAA University Division football season. In their third and final season under head coach Harry Larche, the Rockets compiled a 2\u20136\u20131 record (0\u20136 against MAC opponents), finished in seventh place in the MAC, and were outscored by their opponents by a combined total of 200 to 123.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [33, 33], "content_span": [34, 470]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077386-0001-0000", "contents": "1959 Toledo Rockets football team\nThe team's statistical leaders included Dennis Wilkie with 723 passing yards, Occie Burt with 437 rushing yards, and Bob Smith with 455 receiving yards.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [33, 33], "content_span": [34, 186]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077387-0000-0000", "contents": "1959 Torneo God\u00f3\nThe 1959 Torneo God\u00f3 was the seventh edition of the Torneo God\u00f3 annual tennis tournament played on clay courts in Barcelona, Spain and it took place from 1\u20137 June 1959. Neale Fraser won the singles title.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 16], "section_span": [16, 16], "content_span": [17, 221]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077387-0001-0000", "contents": "1959 Torneo God\u00f3, Champions, Men's Doubles\nRoy Emerson /  Neale Fraser defeated  Luis Ayala /  Rod Laver 6\u20132, 4\u20136, 6\u20133, 13\u201311", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 16], "section_span": [18, 42], "content_span": [43, 125]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077388-0000-0000", "contents": "1959 Torneo di Viareggio\nThe 1959 winners of the Torneo di Viareggio (in English, the Viareggio Tournament, officially the Viareggio Cup World Football Tournament Coppa Carnevale), the annual youth football tournament held in Viareggio, Tuscany, are listed below.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [24, 24], "content_span": [25, 263]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077388-0001-0000", "contents": "1959 Torneo di Viareggio, Format\nThe 8 teams are organized in knockout rounds. The round of 8 are played in two-legs, while the rest of the rounds are single tie.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 32], "content_span": [33, 162]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077389-0000-0000", "contents": "1959 Toronto Argonauts season\nThe 1959 Toronto Argonauts finished in fourth place in the Interprovincial Rugby Football Union with a 4\u201310 record and failed to make the playoffs.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [29, 29], "content_span": [30, 177]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077389-0001-0000", "contents": "1959 Toronto Argonauts season, Preseason\nThe Argonauts hosted an interleague exhibition game on August 5 against the NFL's Chicago Cardinals in the inaugural game at the new Exhibition Stadium. The game was the first to involve an NFL team played in Toronto. It was also the first NFL-CFL interleague exhibition match held since the establishment of the Canadian Football League in 1958. The Argos lost 55\u201326.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 40], "content_span": [41, 409]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077390-0000-0000", "contents": "1959 Tour de France\nThe 1959 Tour de France was the 46th edition of the Tour de France, taking place between 25 June and 18 July. The race featured 120 riders, of which 65 finished. The Tour included 22 stages over 4,358\u00a0km (2,708\u00a0mi).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [19, 19], "content_span": [20, 235]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077390-0001-0000", "contents": "1959 Tour de France\nThe race was won by Spanish cyclist Federico Bahamontes, who also won the mountains classification. The points classification was won by French sprinter Andr\u00e9 Darrigade. The Belgian team became the winner of the team classification.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [19, 19], "content_span": [20, 252]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077390-0002-0000", "contents": "1959 Tour de France\nAlthough the French national team had the favourites, the race was contested between Anglade, in a French regional team, and Bahamontes, in the Spanish national team. After the French national team refused to help Anglade, Bahamontes won the race. It was the first win by a Spanish cyclist.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [19, 19], "content_span": [20, 310]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077390-0003-0000", "contents": "1959 Tour de France, Pre-race favourites\nThe French team included Jacques Anquetil, Louison Bobet, Raphael G\u00e9miniani and Roger Riviere, who were all considered possible Tour winners. This also posed a problem, as they did all want to be team captain, and refused to work for each other.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [21, 40], "content_span": [41, 286]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077390-0004-0000", "contents": "1959 Tour de France, Pre-race favourites\nThe Spanish team was headed by Federico Bahamontes, who in previous years did not care for flat stages and time trials, and only tried to win the mountains classification. In the 1959 season, Bahamontes had Fausto Coppi as manager, and Coppi convinced Bahamontes to focus on the general classification.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [21, 40], "content_span": [41, 343]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077390-0005-0000", "contents": "1959 Tour de France, Pre-race favourites\nThe defending champion Charly Gaul was again placed in a mixed team of Luxembourgian and Dutch cyclists, and expected little support. The Italian team did not include Vito Favero and Gastone Nencini, who had performed well in the 1958 Tour. Their team captain was Ercole Baldini, winner of the 1958 Giro d'Italia, but he was not expected to be able to compete against Gaul, Bahamontes and Anquetil.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [21, 40], "content_span": [41, 439]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077390-0006-0000", "contents": "1959 Tour de France, Pre-race favourites\nOf the cyclists in the French regional teams, Henri Anglade was the most notable. He was included in the Centre-Midi team.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [21, 40], "content_span": [41, 163]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077390-0007-0000", "contents": "1959 Tour de France, Pre-race favourites\nThe cyclists were represented by agents, who negotiated for the prices in post-tour criteriums. There were two major agents: Daniel Dousset, who represented Anquetil, Rivi\u00e8re and Bahamontes, and Piel Poulidor, who represented Anglade. This made it more important for Anquetil to help Bahamontes than Anglade.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [21, 40], "content_span": [41, 349]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077390-0008-0000", "contents": "1959 Tour de France, Route and stages\nThe 1959 Tour de France started on 25 June in Mulhouse, and had two rest days, in Bayonne and Saint-\u00c9tienne. The highest point of elevation in the race was 2,770\u00a0m (9,090\u00a0ft) at the summit of the Col de l'Iseran mountain pass on stage 18.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [21, 37], "content_span": [38, 276]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077390-0009-0000", "contents": "1959 Tour de France, Race overview\nDuring the Tour, a package of strychnine, addressed to one of the teams, was intercepted by the Tour doctor.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [21, 34], "content_span": [35, 143]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077390-0010-0000", "contents": "1959 Tour de France, Race overview\nLike in the previous years, Darrigade won the first stage. In the third stage, a group of 13 cyclists escaped, none of them considered favourites for the overall victory. The favourites let them escape, knowing that they would win enough time back in the mountains, and the group won more than 10 minutes on the rest. Robert Cazala from the French national team became the new leader.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [21, 34], "content_span": [35, 419]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077390-0011-0000", "contents": "1959 Tour de France, Race overview\nAnglade was riding well in the first stages. Because of an escape in stage 7, he gained a few minutes on the top favourites. In the ninth stage, the Belgian cyclists broke away, and the French team followed them. Cazala was not able to follow them, and he lost the lead. Eddy Pauwels became the new leaderPauwels lost the lead in the tenth stage, and regional Michel Vermeulin became the new leader.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [21, 34], "content_span": [35, 434]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077390-0012-0000", "contents": "1959 Tour de France, Race overview\nAfter stage 12, Anglade was in fifth place in the general classification, the first of the favourites for the overall victory. In the thirteenth stage, Anglade attacked and won the stage. He jumped to second place in the general classification.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [21, 34], "content_span": [35, 279]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077390-0013-0000", "contents": "1959 Tour de France, Race overview\nThe French team director then concentrated the strategy on beating Anglade, because he thought Anglade was the main threat. The fifteenth stage was an individual mountain time trial, won by Spaniard Bahamontes. Bahamontes climbed to the second place in the general classification, only 4 seconds behind Jos Hoevenaers, the last man from the escaped group in stage 3 to stay high in the general classification. Eddy Pauwels was in third place, while Anglade was still in fourth place, only 43 seconds behind Hoevenaers.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [21, 34], "content_span": [35, 553]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077390-0014-0000", "contents": "1959 Tour de France, Race overview\nIn the sixteenth stage, Pauwels was in the escaped group, and won enough time to take over the lead in the general classification. In the seventeenth stage, Bahamontes and Gaul escaped. Gaul won the stage, but Bahamontes took the leading position.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [21, 34], "content_span": [35, 282]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077390-0015-0000", "contents": "1959 Tour de France, Race overview\nThe eighteenth stage would determine the outcome of the race. Bahamontes was leading, but his teammates had used a lot of energy the day before. The French national team was expected to attack. In the eighteenth stage, Gaul was the first one to attack, and reached the top of the Galibier first, but later the other riders got back to him. On the way down from the Iseran, Bahamontes and Gaul were left behind, and Anquetil and Rivi\u00e8re were expected to increase their efforts, such that Bahamontes and Gaul would not be able to get back to them.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [21, 34], "content_span": [35, 580]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077390-0015-0001", "contents": "1959 Tour de France, Race overview\nAnquetil and Rivi\u00e8re did not want to assist each other and did nothing, so Bahamontes and Gaul were able to get back. Anquetil and Rivi\u00e8re then were left behind. On the last climb, Anglade attacked. Baldini and Gaul could follow, but Bahamontes could not, and at some moment was five minutes behind. This made Anglade the virtual race leader, which was against the wishes of the national team. Anquetil and Rivi\u00e8re then reached Bahamontes, and helped him to get back to Anglade.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [21, 34], "content_span": [35, 513]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077390-0016-0000", "contents": "1959 Tour de France, Race overview\nThe only risk for Bahamontes left was the time trial in stage 21. At the start, Bahamontes was leading by 5'40\". In the time trial, Anglade won 1'39\" back on Bahamontes, but that was not enough. When the Tour ended in the Parc des Princes velodrome in Paris, the French crowd booed the French national team, because they did not allow Anglade the victory.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [21, 34], "content_span": [35, 390]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077390-0017-0000", "contents": "1959 Tour de France, Classification leadership and awards\nThe time that each cyclist required to finish each stage was recorded, and these times were added together for the general classification. If a cyclist had received a time bonus, it was subtracted from this total; all time penalties were added to this total. The cyclist with the least accumulated time was the race leader, identified by the yellow jersey.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [21, 57], "content_span": [58, 414]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077390-0018-0000", "contents": "1959 Tour de France, Classification leadership and awards\nThe points classification was calculated differently than in the years before. The winner of a stage received 100 points,down to 1 point for the 25th cyclist. Andr\u00e9 Darrigade took the lead by winning the first stage, and remained the leader for the rest of the race.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [21, 57], "content_span": [58, 324]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077390-0019-0000", "contents": "1959 Tour de France, Classification leadership and awards\nThe mountains classification was calculated by adding the points given to cyclists for reaching the highest point in a climb first.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [21, 57], "content_span": [58, 189]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077390-0020-0000", "contents": "1959 Tour de France, Classification leadership and awards\nThe team classification was calculated as the sum of the daily team classifications, and the daily team classification was calculated by adding the times in the stage result of the best three cyclists per team. It was won by the Belgian team.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [21, 57], "content_span": [58, 300]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077390-0021-0000", "contents": "1959 Tour de France, Classification leadership and awards\nIn addition, there was a combativity award given after each stage to the cyclist considered most combative. The decision was made by a jury composed of journalists who gave points. The cyclist with the most points from votes in all stages led the combativity classification. G\u00e9rard Saint won this classification, and was given overall the super-combativity award. The Souvenir Henri Desgrange was given to the first rider to pass the memorial to Tour founder Henri Desgrange near the summit of the Col du Galibier on stage 18. This prize was won by Charly Gaul.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [21, 57], "content_span": [58, 619]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077391-0000-0000", "contents": "1959 Tour de Romandie\nThe 1959 Tour de Romandie was the 13th edition of the Tour de Romandie cycle race and was held from 7 May to 10 May 1959. The race started and finished in Fribourg. The race was won by Kurt Gimmi.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [21, 21], "content_span": [22, 218]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077392-0000-0000", "contents": "1959 Tour de Suisse\nThe 1959 Tour de Suisse was the 23rd edition of the Tour de Suisse cycle race and was held from 12 June to 18 June 1959. The race started and finished in Z\u00fcrich. The race was won by Hans Junkermann.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [19, 19], "content_span": [20, 218]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077393-0000-0000", "contents": "1959 Tour of Flanders\nThe 43rd running of the Tour of Flanders cycling classic was held on Sunday, 30 March 1959. Belgian Rik Van Looy won the race in a three-man sprint with Frans Schoubben and Gilbert Desmet. 58 of 143 riders finished.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [21, 21], "content_span": [22, 237]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077393-0001-0000", "contents": "1959 Tour of Flanders, Route\nThe race started in Ghent and finished in Wetteren \u2013 covering 242 km. The course featured five categorized climbs:", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [23, 28], "content_span": [29, 143]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077394-0000-0000", "contents": "1959 Transair Douglas Dakota accident\nThe Transair Douglas Dakota accident was an aircraft accident that occurred on 19 August 1959, when a Douglas Dakota operated by British airline Transair on a non-scheduled flight from Barcelona Airport in Spain to London-Gatwick Airport in the United Kingdom crashed in Spain. The aircraft, which was carrying 29 students home to England, had been chartered by the National Union of Students to conduct regular weekly flights between Gatwick and Barcelona. It was the first accident suffered by a Transair aircraft following the airline's formation in 1947.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [37, 37], "content_span": [38, 596]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077394-0001-0000", "contents": "1959 Transair Douglas Dakota accident, Accident\nThe aircraft, registered G-AMZD, had arrived early on the day of the accident at Barcelona from Gatwick with a party of students on board, and was scheduled to return to London with another group of students who were returning home from a holiday in Majorca. The flight was conducted under visual flight rules (VFR); however, 19 minutes after departure from Barcelona, while climbing to its cruising altitude, the Dakota entered cloud and struck Tur\u00f3 de l'Home, a mountain north east of Barcelona. At the time of the accident the aircraft was 10 nautical miles (19\u00a0km) away from its intended flight path. Locals reported that at the time of the crash it was misty in the area.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [39, 47], "content_span": [48, 724]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077394-0002-0000", "contents": "1959 Transair Douglas Dakota accident, Accident\nAn official at a nearby weather station raised the alarm upon observing the crash. Upon arrival, the Spanish Civil Guard found the wreckage of the aircraft had been burnt out by a post-impact fire. All 29 passengers and three crew were killed.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [39, 47], "content_span": [48, 291]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077394-0003-0000", "contents": "1959 Transair Douglas Dakota accident, Probable cause\nFollowing an investigation of the accident, a report from the Spanish Director-General of Civil Aviation stated:", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [39, 53], "content_span": [54, 166]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077394-0004-0000", "contents": "1959 Transair Douglas Dakota accident, Probable cause\nFrom an examination of the evidence it can be concluded that the accident was caused through infringement of the regulations and instructions in force for flight over national territory, or of the international standards which are in force in Spain.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [39, 53], "content_span": [54, 303]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077394-0005-0000", "contents": "1959 Transair Douglas Dakota accident, Probable cause\nThe Director-General also stated that the evidence did not indicate that Spanish Air Traffic Control personnel were responsible for the crash through their actions in any way. In addition, there was no evidence found that any defects in aids to navigation contributed to the accident. Accordingly, the British Air Ministry, also investigating the crash, resolved to close the case without allocating responsibility.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [39, 53], "content_span": [54, 469]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077394-0005-0001", "contents": "1959 Transair Douglas Dakota accident, Probable cause\nIt was concluded that the pilot should not have entered cloud without advising air traffic control that he required an instrument flight clearance; it was presumed that the pilot was unaware that Tur\u00f3 de l'Home, 1,712 metres (5,617\u00a0ft) in height, was in the path of the aircraft at the time the Dakota entered the clouds.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [39, 53], "content_span": [54, 375]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077395-0000-0000", "contents": "1959 Tulane Green Wave football team\nThe 1959 Tulane Green Wave football team was an American football team that represented Tulane University during the 1959 NCAA University Division football season as a member of the Southeastern Conference. In their sixth year under head coach Andy Pilney, the team compiled a 3\u20136\u20131 record.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [36, 36], "content_span": [37, 327]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077396-0000-0000", "contents": "1959 Tulsa Golden Hurricane football team\nThe 1959 Tulsa Golden Hurricane football team represented the University of Tulsa during the 1959 NCAA University Division football season. In their fifth year under head coach Bobby Dodds, the Golden Hurricane compiled a 5\u20135 record (2\u20132 against Missouri Valley Conference opponents), and finished in third place in the conference. The team's statistical leaders included Jerry Keeling with 752 passing yards, Bob Brumble with 599 rushing yards, and Buddy Kelly with 270 receiving yards.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 41], "section_span": [41, 41], "content_span": [42, 529]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077397-0000-0000", "contents": "1959 Tunisian general election\nGeneral elections were held in Tunisia on 8 November 1959 to elect a President and Chamber of Deputies, following the promulgation of a new constitution on 1 June. They were also the first elections held since the proclamation of a republic in 1957.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [30, 30], "content_span": [31, 280]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077397-0001-0000", "contents": "1959 Tunisian general election\nIn the presidential election, incumbent Habib Bourguiba, who had become president upon the republic's proclamation, was the only candidate to obtain the endorsement of 30 political figures, as required by the constitution. He was thus unopposed for a full five-year term. In the parliamentary elections, Bourguiba's Neo Destour won all 90 seats in the Chamber of Deputies, with only the Tunisian Communist Party running against them in Tunis and Gafsa. Voter turnout was 91.7%.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [30, 30], "content_span": [31, 508]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077397-0002-0000", "contents": "1959 Tunisian general election\nThis would be the last even nominally contested election held in Tunisia until 1981. In 1963, a year before the Chamber's term ran out, the Neo Destour was declared the only legally permitted party, though Tunisia had effectively been a one-party state since independence.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [30, 30], "content_span": [31, 303]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077398-0000-0000", "contents": "1959 Turkish Airlines Gatwick crash\nThe 1959 Turkish Airlines Gatwick crash occurred on 17 February 1959, near London Gatwick Airport to a Turkish Airlines Vickers Viscount Type 793 (registration TC-SEV) on an international charter flight from Esenbo\u011fa International Airport in Ankara, Turkey, to London Heathrow Airport United Kingdom, carrying the Turkish prime minister and a party of government officials. The Viscount crashed in a wood 3 miles (4.8\u00a0km) from the threshold of Gatwick runway during its final approach to land in extensive fog. Five of the eight crew and nine of the 16 passengers died in the crash. The prime minister was among the ten survivors.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [35, 35], "content_span": [36, 666]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077398-0001-0000", "contents": "1959 Turkish Airlines Gatwick crash, Flight\nTurkish Prime Minister Adnan Menderes, accompanied by a Turkish delegation, was on his way to the British capital to sign the London Agreement on the Cyprus issue with British Prime Minister Harold Macmillan and Greek Prime Minister Constantine Karamanlis, which gave the three sides the right to intervene in Cyprus in case peace was broken by any of the parties.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 43], "content_span": [44, 408]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077398-0002-0000", "contents": "1959 Turkish Airlines Gatwick crash, Flight\nThe special flight departed from Ankara Esenbo\u011fa International Airport bound for London Heathrow Airport via Istanbul Atat\u00fcrk International Airport (IATA: IST, ICAO: LTBA) and Rome Ciampino Airport (IATA: CIA, ICAO: LIRA). The aircraft left its last stopover, Rome, at 13:02 hrs and called London Airways at 15:56 hrs over Abbeville, just before leaving French airspace. TC-SEV was cleared by air traffic control to the Epsom Radio Range station, the holding fix for London Airport. Over Epsom range at 16:21 hrs, the Turkish Airlines captain was instructed by the London Airport Commandant to divert to Gatwick due to poor visibility at Heathrow.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 43], "content_span": [44, 691]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077398-0003-0000", "contents": "1959 Turkish Airlines Gatwick crash, Accident\nTC-SEV, cruising at 6,000 feet (1,800\u00a0m), left Epsom at 16:27 hrs for Mayfield, East Sussex, the holding point for Gatwick. The airport's approach control informed the pilot that it would be positioned by radar for an ILS approach to the easterly Runway 09.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 45], "content_span": [46, 303]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077398-0004-0000", "contents": "1959 Turkish Airlines Gatwick crash, Accident\nThe latest actual weather conditions observed at Gatwick Airport were surface wind calm, visibility 1,800 yards (1,600\u00a0m), mist, no low cloud, and shallow ground fog patches of only 1 foot (0.30\u00a0m) to 5 feet (1.5\u00a0m) in depth.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 45], "content_span": [46, 271]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077398-0005-0000", "contents": "1959 Turkish Airlines Gatwick crash, Accident\nThe weather reported to the aircraft was \"surface wind calm, visibility one decimal one nautical miles, mist, three oktas at eight hundred feet, the QFE one zero three six\", which was acknowledged by the pilot.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 45], "content_span": [46, 256]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077398-0006-0000", "contents": "1959 Turkish Airlines Gatwick crash, Accident\nAt 16:34 hrs, the pilot was instructed to descend to a holding pattern at 4,000 feet (1,200\u00a0m) on reaching Mayfield NDB and to steer a course of 280 degrees and then to continue to descend to 2,000 feet (610\u00a0m).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 45], "content_span": [46, 257]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077398-0007-0000", "contents": "1959 Turkish Airlines Gatwick crash, Accident\nTurned on to the ILS approach path, TC-SEV overshot the centre line slightly. At 5 nautical miles (9.3\u00a0km) from touchdown, the aircraft affirmed that it could continue on the ILS. At 16:38 hrs, the captain was requested a change to tower frequency and this was acknowledged. It was the last communication with the aircraft.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 45], "content_span": [46, 369]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077398-0008-0000", "contents": "1959 Turkish Airlines Gatwick crash, Accident\nThe aircraft was visible along the approach path centre line on the radar screen towards the runway until it disappeared about 3 nautical miles (5.6\u00a0km) from the threshold. It was assumed that the aircraft had crashed since no reply was received to radio calls to the aircraft.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 45], "content_span": [46, 323]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077398-0009-0000", "contents": "1959 Turkish Airlines Gatwick crash, Accident\nThe aircraft had flown into the top of trees 390 feet (120\u00a0m) AMSL at the edge of Jordan's Wood east of the Newdigate-Rusper road on a heading parallel to the approach path to Runway 09 at Gatwick. The aircraft lost its wings and had its engines torn off as it descended at an angle of about 6 degrees from the horizontal 300 yards (270\u00a0m) through the woods, and touched the ground with its wheels.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 45], "content_span": [46, 444]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077398-0009-0001", "contents": "1959 Turkish Airlines Gatwick crash, Accident\nAfter rising again slightly the main part of the wreckage landed upside down with trees embedded in the mangled fuselage about 100 yards (91\u00a0m) further on, after which it caught fire. The rear part of the fuselage came to rest upside down and remained untouched by fire. Shortly after, an explosion occurred in the main fuselage.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 45], "content_span": [46, 375]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077398-0010-0000", "contents": "1959 Turkish Airlines Gatwick crash, Accident\nThe accident site was located 2.8 nautical miles (5.2\u00a0km) from the runway threshold and 550 feet (170\u00a0m) to the north of the approach path centre line.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 45], "content_span": [46, 197]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077398-0011-0000", "contents": "1959 Turkish Airlines Gatwick crash, Accident\nThis was the first air disaster in which Turkish Airlines was involved.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 45], "content_span": [46, 117]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077398-0012-0000", "contents": "1959 Turkish Airlines Gatwick crash, Rescue operations\nGatwick Airport alerted the local fire and rescue services, and soon it was confirmed that the aircraft had crashed in the area in which it had disappeared from the radar screen.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 54], "content_span": [55, 233]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077398-0013-0000", "contents": "1959 Turkish Airlines Gatwick crash, Rescue operations\nPeter Weller, a gardener at the Newdigate Chaffold farm, and his two colleagues noticed the crash. He asked one of his friends to ride on a bike to the next police station to report the accident. He and his other friend rushed to the scene and tried to rescue the victims. Shortly after 17:00 hrs another local resident, Margaret Bailey, who was a trained nurse, and her husband Tony were at the crash site.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 54], "content_span": [55, 462]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077398-0014-0000", "contents": "1959 Turkish Airlines Gatwick crash, Rescue operations\nThe resulting fire was put out by three divisions of Surrey Fire Brigade, despite thick fog.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 54], "content_span": [55, 147]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077398-0015-0000", "contents": "1959 Turkish Airlines Gatwick crash, Turkish prime minister's survival\nThe survivors were screaming as they tried to leave the wreckage. Turkish Premier Adnan Menderes, who was seated at a left window seat in the rear passenger cabin, survived the crash with only light scratches to his face, hanging in an upside-down position with his foot stuck in the floor. He was helped by R\u0131fat Kad\u0131o\u011flu, who freed his foot and unbuckled his safety belt. He was then taken out of the wreckage by Kad\u0131o\u011flu and \u015eefik Fenmen. Another survivor, Melih Esenbel, joined the group outside. Menderes sat in shock witnessing his company burn.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 70], "content_span": [71, 622]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077398-0016-0000", "contents": "1959 Turkish Airlines Gatwick crash, Turkish prime minister's survival\nWhile Tony Bailey was engaged in helping the other victims, his wife took Menderes and two other survivors by car to her farmhouse 200 yards (180\u00a0m) away and gave first aid. Menderes was transferred to The London Clinic 90 minutes later. He signed the London Agreement on 19 February 1959, in the hospital. He returned home on 26 February 1959, and was welcomed by his archrival \u0130smet \u0130n\u00f6n\u00fc and a huge crowd.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 70], "content_span": [71, 479]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077398-0017-0000", "contents": "1959 Turkish Airlines Gatwick crash, Turkish prime minister's survival\nOther casualties were treated at hospitals in East Grinstead, Redhill and Dorking. The bodies of the victims were transferred to Turkey and buried on 22 February 1959. A memorial to the victims is located in the Turkish Airforce plot at Brookwood Cemetery in Surrey.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 70], "content_span": [71, 337]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077398-0018-0000", "contents": "1959 Turkish Airlines Gatwick crash, Crash investigation\nthe evidence was insufficient to establish the cause of the accident. There was no indication however that this can be associated either with a technical failure of the aircraft or with a failure of the ground services.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 56], "content_span": [57, 276]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077398-0019-0000", "contents": "1959 Turkish Airlines Gatwick crash, Crash investigation\nAn aftercast of the probable weather conditions on the approach to Gatwick from 10 miles (16\u00a0km) west to the threshold of Runway 09 was surface wind calm or light westerly and the ground almost entirely covered with fog from the western limit of the area under consideration to about 2.5 miles (4.0\u00a0km)-3 miles (4.8\u00a0km) from the threshold of runway.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 56], "content_span": [57, 406]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077398-0019-0001", "contents": "1959 Turkish Airlines Gatwick crash, Crash investigation\nThe top of the fog was about 650 feet (200\u00a0m) to 700 feet (210\u00a0m) and the visibility within it varied from about 30 yards (27\u00a0m) to 200 yards (180\u00a0m) possible with few transient isolated breaks. From the eastern edge of the fog belt to Gatwick, there was mist and haze with visibility 1,500 yards (1,400\u00a0m)-2,000 yards (1,800\u00a0m) and little or no low cloud.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 56], "content_span": [57, 413]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077398-0020-0000", "contents": "1959 Turkish Airlines Gatwick crash, Aircraft\nThe aircraft, a Vickers Viscount Type 793 with four Rolls-Royce Dart 510 turboprop engines, was built by Vickers-Armstrongs (Aircraft) Ltd and completed in 1958 with serial number 429.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 45], "content_span": [46, 230]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077398-0021-0000", "contents": "1959 Turkish Airlines Gatwick crash, Aircraft\nA United Kingdom Certificate of Airworthiness was issued on 25 July 1958, valid for one year, and a Certificate of Validation for the same period was issued by the Civil Aviation Department of the Turkish Ministry of Communications. The aircraft was registered in the name of Turkish Airlines Incorporated.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 45], "content_span": [46, 352]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077398-0022-0000", "contents": "1959 Turkish Airlines Gatwick crash, Aircraft\nThe airframe had a total flight time of 548 hours and the engines had each run approximately 615 hours since manufacture. The Turkish authorities certified after examining the appropriate records and log books in Turkey that the maintenance had been properly carried out. Examination of the translated extracts from these documents showed no record of any defect, which might have affected the accident. It was noted that no inspections of the ILS equipment in the aircraft had been carried out.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 45], "content_span": [46, 541]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077398-0023-0000", "contents": "1959 Turkish Airlines Gatwick crash, Aircraft\nAt the time of the accident, the weight of the aircraft was below the permissible maximum for landing. It was not possible to check the trim but there was no reason to believe that it was not within the prescribed limits.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 45], "content_span": [46, 267]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077398-0024-0000", "contents": "1959 Turkish Airlines Gatwick crash, Crew and passengers\nThe eight crew consisted of three pilots, one navigator, one mechanic and three flight attendants, of whom five lost their lives.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 56], "content_span": [57, 186]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077398-0025-0000", "contents": "1959 Turkish Airlines Gatwick crash, Crew and passengers\nThere were officially sixteen passengers on board, of which nine died at the accident. However, the list of names that appeared in the news included a total of seventeen passengers.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 56], "content_span": [57, 238]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077398-0026-0000", "contents": "1959 Turkish Airlines Gatwick crash, TC-SEV replica\nTurkish Airlines restored a Viscount 794D, manufacturer serial number 430, registration TC-SEL, which served as a VIP aircraft for the Turkish Air Force before being withdrawn from use in 1990. After changing the call sign to TC-SEV and repainting the livery to the original red-and-white striped pajamas design, the airframe was put on display in the Military Aviation Museum in Ye\u015filk\u00f6y, Istanbul.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 51], "content_span": [52, 451]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077398-0027-0000", "contents": "1959 Turkish Airlines Gatwick crash, Film and television\nThe air crash in Gatwick was the subject for a documentary television film featuring the replica Viscount 794D.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 56], "content_span": [57, 168]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077398-0028-0000", "contents": "1959 Turkish Airlines Gatwick crash, Film and television\nA historical and romantic television series titled Hat\u0131rla Sevgili (Remember Darling) on the Turkish ATV channel also depicts the events around the accident and the survival of Menderes, again featuring the replica aircraft.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 56], "content_span": [57, 281]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077399-0000-0000", "contents": "1959 Turkish National League\nThe 1959 Turkish National League was the first season of the professional nationwide league in Turkey, known as S\u00fcper Lig today. The first season consisted of 16 clubs split into two groups: the K\u0131rm\u0131z\u0131 Grup (Red Group) and Beyaz Grup (White Group), the colours of the Turkish flag. The first season took place in the calendar year of 1959, instead of 1958\u201359, as the qualifying stages took place in 1958.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [28, 28], "content_span": [29, 434]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077399-0001-0000", "contents": "1959 Turkish National League, Overview\nThe top eight clubs from the 1958\u201359 Istanbul Football League and the top four clubs from the Ankara and \u0130zmir leagues in the 1958\u201359 season took part in the league. These clubs were Adalet, Be\u015fikta\u015f, Beykoz, Karag\u00fcmr\u00fck, Fenerbah\u00e7e, Galatasaray, \u0130stanbulspor, Vefa (from Istanbul), Ankarag\u00fcc\u00fc, Ankara Demirspor, Gen\u00e7lerbirli\u011fi, Hacettepe (from Ankara), Altay, G\u00f6ztepe, \u0130zmirspor, and Kar\u015f\u0131yaka (from \u0130zmir).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 38], "content_span": [39, 446]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077399-0002-0000", "contents": "1959 Turkish National League, Overview\nThe final consisted of two legs and took place between the winners of each group. Galatasaray won the Red Group and Fenerbah\u00e7e won the White Group. Galatasaray won the first leg 1-0, but Fenerbah\u00e7e won the second leg 4-0, winning 4-1 on aggregate. The title was Fenerbah\u00e7e's first S\u00fcper Lig title and 10th Turkish championship title overall, qualifying them for the 1959\u201360 European Cup. Metin Oktay was top scorer with 11 goals. No clubs were relegated this season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 38], "content_span": [39, 505]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077400-0000-0000", "contents": "1959 U.S. Figure Skating Championships\nThe 1959 U.S. Figure Skating Championships was held from January 29 through February 2 in Rochester, New York under the joint sponsorship of the Genesee Figure Skating Club and the Rochester Junior Chamber of Commerce. The main competition rink was the Rochester Community War Memorial, while the compulsory figures competition and practices were held at the Ritter-Clark Rink. Medals were awarded in three colors: gold (first), silver (second), and bronze (third) in four disciplines \u2013 men's singles, ladies' singles, pair skating, and ice dancing \u2013 across three levels: senior, junior, and novice.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [38, 38], "content_span": [39, 638]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077400-0001-0000", "contents": "1959 U.S. Figure Skating Championships\nThe event determined the U.S. team for the 1959 World Championships.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [38, 38], "content_span": [39, 107]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077400-0002-0000", "contents": "1959 U.S. Figure Skating Championships, Senior results\nIn all four divisions, the previous year's champions successfully defended their titles.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 54], "content_span": [55, 143]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077400-0003-0000", "contents": "1959 U.S. Figure Skating Championships, Senior results, Men\nDavid Jenkins won both the figures and the free skating portions, although he was closely pressed by Tim Brown in the first three figures. Jenkins's free skating was also of a very high standard.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 59], "content_span": [60, 255]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077400-0004-0000", "contents": "1959 U.S. Figure Skating Championships, Senior results, Ladies\nCarol Heiss gave one of the best free skating performances of her career. Carol's sister Nancy Heiss took the silver medal, with Barbara Ann Roles placing third in her first season as a senior-level competitor.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 62], "content_span": [63, 273]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077400-0005-0000", "contents": "1959 U.S. Figure Skating Championships, Senior results, Pairs\nNancy Ludington / Ron Ludington repeated as champions in an event where all six teams entered gave fine performances. Ron Ludington also competed in the dance division, where he won the bronze medal with Judy Ann Lamar.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 61], "content_span": [62, 281]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077400-0006-0000", "contents": "1959 U.S. Figure Skating Championships, Senior results, Ice dancing (Gold dance)\nThe title once again went to Andree Jacoby / Donald Jacoby, who had married since winning their first national championship the year before.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 80], "content_span": [81, 221]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077401-0000-0000", "contents": "1959 U.S. National Championships (tennis)\nThe 1959 U.S. National Championships (now known as the US Open) was a tennis tournament that took place on outdoor grass courts at two locations in the United States. The men's and women's singles as well as the mixed doubles were played from September 4 through September 13 at the West Side Tennis Club, Forest Hills in New York City, while the men's and women's doubles were held at the Longwood Cricket Club in Chestnut Hill, Massachusetts from August 16 though August 23, 1959. It was the 79th staging of the U.S. National Championships, and the fourth Grand Slam tennis event of the year. Neale Fraser and Maria Bueno won the singles titles.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 41], "section_span": [41, 41], "content_span": [42, 689]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077401-0001-0000", "contents": "1959 U.S. National Championships (tennis), Finals, Men's Singles\nNeale Fraser (AUS) defeated  Alex Olmedo (USA) 6\u20133, 5\u20137, 6\u20132, 6\u20134", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 41], "section_span": [43, 64], "content_span": [65, 130]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077401-0002-0000", "contents": "1959 U.S. National Championships (tennis), Finals, Men's doubles\nNeale Fraser (AUS) /  Roy Emerson (AUS) defeated  Alex Olmedo (USA) /  Earl Buchholz (USA) 3\u20136, 6\u20133, 5\u20137, 6\u20134, 7\u20135", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 41], "section_span": [43, 64], "content_span": [65, 179]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077401-0003-0000", "contents": "1959 U.S. National Championships (tennis), Finals, Women's doubles\nJeanne Arth (USA) /  Darlene Hard (USA) defeated  Maria Bueno (BRA) /  Sally Moore (USA) 6\u20132, 6\u20133", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 41], "section_span": [43, 66], "content_span": [67, 164]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077401-0004-0000", "contents": "1959 U.S. National Championships (tennis), Finals, Mixed doubles\nMargaret Osborne duPont (USA) /   Neale Fraser (AUS) defeated  Janet Hopps (USA) /  Bob Mark (AUS) 7\u20135, 13\u201315, 6\u20132", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 41], "section_span": [43, 64], "content_span": [65, 179]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077402-0000-0000", "contents": "1959 U.S. National Championships \u2013 Men's Singles\nNeale Fraser defeated Alex Olmedo 6\u20133, 5\u20137, 6\u20132, 6\u20134 in the final to win the Men's Singles tennis title at the 1959 U.S. National Championships.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 48], "section_span": [48, 48], "content_span": [49, 193]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077402-0001-0000", "contents": "1959 U.S. National Championships \u2013 Men's Singles, Seeds\nThe seeded players are listed below. Neale Fraser is the champion; others show the round in which they were eliminated.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 48], "section_span": [50, 55], "content_span": [56, 175]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077403-0000-0000", "contents": "1959 U.S. National Championships \u2013 Women's Singles\nFirst-seeded Maria Bueno defeated Christine Truman 6\u20131, 6\u20134 in the final to win the Women's Singles tennis title at the 1959 U.S. National Championships.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 50], "section_span": [50, 50], "content_span": [51, 204]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077403-0001-0000", "contents": "1959 U.S. National Championships \u2013 Women's Singles\nThis was notably the first grand slam that former world number 1 and 12 time grand slam champion Billie Jean King competed in.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 50], "section_span": [50, 50], "content_span": [51, 177]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077403-0002-0000", "contents": "1959 U.S. National Championships \u2013 Women's Singles, Seeds\nThe seeded players are listed below. Maria Bueno is the champion; others show in brackets the round in which they were eliminated.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 50], "section_span": [52, 57], "content_span": [58, 188]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077404-0000-0000", "contents": "1959 U.S. Open (golf)\nThe 1959 U.S. Open was the 59th U.S. Open, held June 11\u201314 at the Winged Foot Golf Club in Mamaroneck, New York, a suburb northeast of New York City. Billy Casper won the first of his two U.S. Open titles, a stroke ahead of runner-up Bob Rosburg on the West Course. It was the first of Casper's three major titles, which included the 1966 U.S. Open and the Masters in 1970.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [21, 21], "content_span": [22, 395]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077404-0001-0000", "contents": "1959 U.S. Open (golf)\nThis was the second of six U.S. Opens at Winged Foot's West Course; it previously hosted in 1929, then returned in 1974, 1984, 2006, and 2020. It also hosted the PGA Championship in 1997.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [21, 21], "content_span": [22, 209]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077404-0002-0000", "contents": "1959 U.S. Open (golf), Final round\nCasper began the final round with a three-stroke lead over Ben Hogan, age 46, who struggled to a 76 and fell to 8th place. Rosburg made a run at Casper's lead when he holed out a bunker shot for birdie at 11 and made a 50-foot (15\u00a0m) putt for another birdie at 12 to draw even with Casper. A three-putt at the 13th meant Rosburg had to birdie the last to force a Monday playoff. His approach shot fell on the front of the green, 40 feet (12\u00a0m) short, and he two-putted to finish a stroke back. Casper's final round 74 was enough. The difference for Casper proved to be his putting; he needed only 114 putts over 72 holes with 31 one-putts and just  one three-putt.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [23, 34], "content_span": [35, 699]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077404-0003-0000", "contents": "1959 U.S. Open (golf), Final round\nThis U.S. Open was the first to be played over four days; thunderstorms and heavy rain delayed third round play on Saturday morning and the final round was postponed to Sunday. The final round at the U.S. Open was first scheduled for Sunday in 1965.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [23, 34], "content_span": [35, 284]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077404-0004-0000", "contents": "1959 U.S. Open (golf), Final round\nCharlie Sifford, the pioneering African-American golfer, played in his first major championship, two years before the PGA of America allowed African-Americans to play on the PGA Tour; he finished in 32nd place.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [23, 34], "content_span": [35, 245]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077404-0005-0000", "contents": "1959 U.S. Open (golf), Final round\nAmateur Jack Nicklaus, 19, played in his third straight U.S. Open but missed the cut for the second time with two rounds of 77. He would place second the following year in 1960 to Arnold Palmer and win the first of his four titles in 1962 in a playoff over Palmer. After 1959, Nicklaus made 25 consecutive cuts at the U.S. Open, through 1984, also at Winged Foot.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [23, 34], "content_span": [35, 398]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077405-0000-0000", "contents": "1959 U.S. Women's Open\nThe 1959 U.S. Women's Open was the 14th U.S. Women's Open, held June 25\u201327 at Churchill Valley Country Club in Blackridge, Pennsylvania, a suburb east of Pittsburgh. It was the seventh edition conducted by the United States Golf Association (USGA).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [22, 22], "content_span": [23, 271]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077405-0001-0000", "contents": "1959 U.S. Women's Open\nDefending champion Mickey Wright won the second of her four U.S. Women's Open titles, two strokes ahead of runner-up Louise Suggs, a two-time champion. Suggs led after 36 holes, but a third round 75 pushed her four strokes back. Wright, age 24, putted well in the final round and was two-under after fifteen holes, but bogeyed the final three. She was the first of seven to successfully defend the championship, last accomplished by Karrie Webb in 2001. It was the third of 13 major championships for Wright.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [22, 22], "content_span": [23, 531]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077405-0002-0000", "contents": "1959 U.S. Women's Open\nThis was the third major in three years at Churchill Valley, which hosted the LPGA Championship in 1957 and 1958. The club closed in 2013.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [22, 22], "content_span": [23, 161]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077406-0000-0000", "contents": "1959 UC Davis Aggies football team\nThe 1959 UC Davis football team represented the University of California, Davis in the 1959 NCAA College Division football season. UC Davis competed in the Far Western Conference (FWC). The UC Davis sports teams were commonly called the \u201cCal Aggies\u201d from 1924 until the mid 1970s.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [34, 34], "content_span": [35, 315]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077406-0001-0000", "contents": "1959 UC Davis Aggies football team\nThe Aggies were led by fourth-year head coach Will Lotter, in the first year of his third tenure as coach. They played home games at Aggie Field. The Aggies finished the season with a record of one win and eight losses (1\u20138, 0\u20135 FWC). They were outscored by their opponents 64\u2013197 for the 1959 season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [34, 34], "content_span": [35, 336]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077406-0002-0000", "contents": "1959 UC Davis Aggies football team, NFL Draft\nNo UC Davis Aggies players were selected in the 1960 NFL Draft.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [36, 45], "content_span": [46, 109]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077407-0000-0000", "contents": "1959 UC Riverside Highlanders football team\nThe 1959 UC Riverside Highlanders football team represented UC Riverside during the 1959 NCAA College Division football season. The Highlanders competed as an independent in 1959.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 43], "section_span": [43, 43], "content_span": [44, 223]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077407-0001-0000", "contents": "1959 UC Riverside Highlanders football team\nUC Riverside was led by first-year head coach Jim Whitley. They played home games at UCR Athletic Field in Riverside, California. The Highlanders finished the season with a record of five wins and two losses (5\u20132). Overall, the team outscored its opponents 125\u201375 for the season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 43], "section_span": [43, 43], "content_span": [44, 323]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077407-0002-0000", "contents": "1959 UC Riverside Highlanders football team, Team players in the NFL\nNo UC Riverside players were selected in the 1960 NFL Draft.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 43], "section_span": [45, 68], "content_span": [69, 129]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077408-0000-0000", "contents": "1959 UC Santa Barbara Gauchos football team\nThe 1959 UC Santa Barbara Gauchos football team represented University of California, Santa Barbara (UCSB) during the 1959 NCAA College Division football season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 43], "section_span": [43, 43], "content_span": [44, 205]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077408-0001-0000", "contents": "1959 UC Santa Barbara Gauchos football team\nUCSB competed in the California Collegiate Athletic Association (CCAA). The team was led by fourth-year head coach Ed Cody, and played home games at La Playa Stadium in Santa Barbara, California. They finished the season with a record of six wins and four losses (6\u20134, 2\u20133 CCAA).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 43], "section_span": [43, 43], "content_span": [44, 323]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077408-0002-0000", "contents": "1959 UC Santa Barbara Gauchos football team, Team players in the NFL\nNo UC Santa Barbara Gaucho players were selected in the 1960 NFL Draft.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 43], "section_span": [45, 68], "content_span": [69, 140]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077409-0000-0000", "contents": "1959 UCI Road World Championships\nThe 1959 UCI Road World Championships took place on 16 August 1959 in Zandvoort, Netherlands.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [33, 33], "content_span": [34, 127]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077410-0000-0000", "contents": "1959 UCI Road World Championships \u2013 Men's road race\nThe men's road race at the 1959 UCI Road World Championships was the 26th edition of the event. The race took place on Sunday 14 August 1959 in Zandvoort, the Netherlands. The race was won by Andr\u00e9 Darrigade of France.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 51], "section_span": [51, 51], "content_span": [52, 270]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077411-0000-0000", "contents": "1959 UCI Track Cycling World Championships\nThe 1959 UCI Track Cycling World Championships were the World Championship for track cycling. They took place in Amsterdam, Netherlands from 8 to 13 August 1959. Eight events were contested, 6 for men (3 for professionals, 3 for amateurs) and 2 for women.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 42], "section_span": [42, 42], "content_span": [43, 298]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077412-0000-0000", "contents": "1959 UCLA Bruins football team\nThe 1959 UCLA Bruins football team was an American football team that represented the University of California, Los Angeles during the 1959 NCAA University Division football season. In their second year under head coach William F. Barnes, the Bruins compiled a 5\u20134\u20131 record (3\u20131 conference) and finished in a three-way tie for first place in the Athletic Association of Western Universities.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [30, 30], "content_span": [31, 422]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077412-0001-0000", "contents": "1959 UCLA Bruins football team\nUCLA's offensive leaders in 1959 were quarterback Billy Kilmer with 702 passing yards each, Ray Smith with 417 rushing yards, and Marv Luster with 366 receiving yards.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [30, 30], "content_span": [31, 198]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077413-0000-0000", "contents": "1959 UEFA European Under-18 Championship\nThe UEFA European Under-18 Championship 1959 Final Tournament was held in Bulgaria.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [40, 40], "content_span": [41, 124]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077414-0000-0000", "contents": "1959 UK & Ireland Greyhound Racing Year\nThe 1959 UK & Ireland Greyhound Racing Year was the 33rd year of greyhound racing in the United Kingdom and Ireland.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [39, 39], "content_span": [40, 156]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077414-0001-0000", "contents": "1959 UK & Ireland Greyhound Racing Year, Summary\nMile Bush Pride was voted Greyhound of the Year after becoming only the second greyhound, after Trev's Perfection to win the Triple Crown which consisted of the English Greyhound Derby, Scottish Greyhound Derby and Welsh Greyhound Derby. Trained by Jack Harvey for owner Noel Purvis, a shipping magnate, the brindle greyhound also won the Pall Mall, Select Stakes and Cesarewitch in 1959.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 48], "content_span": [49, 437]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077414-0002-0000", "contents": "1959 UK & Ireland Greyhound Racing Year, Competitions\nIrish Greyhound Derby champion Colonel Perry moved kennels from John Bassett to Tom Baldwin and finished a disappointing fourth in the final of the Gold Collar behind Dunstown Warrior. After his English Greyhound Derby success, Mile Bush Pride ran out an eleven and a quarter winner of the Welsh Derby, in 28.80 seconds, eclipsing the previous track record by over five lengths. Mile Bush Pride then achieved the Triple Crown by winning the Scottish Derby in 29.41, beating the defending champion Just Fame by eight lengths.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 53], "content_span": [54, 578]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077414-0003-0000", "contents": "1959 UK & Ireland Greyhound Racing Year, Competitions\nDuring 1959 Pigalle Wonder won the Anglo-Irish International, the Wood Lane Stakes and successfully defended his Edinburgh Cup title.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 53], "content_span": [54, 187]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077414-0004-0000", "contents": "1959 UK & Ireland Greyhound Racing Year, News\nCharlie Birch became the new Racing Manager at White City and the Oaks moved to sister track Harringay Stadium. At the pre-Derby final luncheon at the Dorchester Hotel, Mrs Frances Chandler called for two changes to the sport. First the standardisation of starting traps and secondly the setting up of a greyhound national stud. The National Greyhound Racing Society considered changing the tote deductions at all National Greyhound Racing Club affiliated tracks. The current deduction stands at 16%, of which 10% goes to the government.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 45], "content_span": [46, 583]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077414-0005-0000", "contents": "1959 UK & Ireland Greyhound Racing Year, News\nIt was announced at the London veterinary conference that a vaccine had been found to counteract canine hepatitis. Now both distemper and hepatitis can be controlled.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 45], "content_span": [46, 212]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077414-0006-0000", "contents": "1959 UK & Ireland Greyhound Racing Year, Ireland\nA new track in Ireland opened in the form of Lifford, which was a former schooling track. The venue just south of the Northern Irish border in County Donegal was opened by James Magee. His sons Cathal and Sheamus would help run the track for many years. A track bookmakers strike over the cost of admissions to their staff resulted in racing being halted at many Irish venues.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 48], "content_span": [49, 425]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077414-0007-0000", "contents": "1959 UK & Ireland Greyhound Racing Year, Ireland\nOne of the most prominent sires of all time, The Grand Champion died aged 9\u00bd. He had sired many champions including Mile Bush Pride and Palms Printer.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 48], "content_span": [49, 199]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077415-0000-0000", "contents": "1959 UMass Redmen football team\nThe 1959 UMass Redmen football team represented the University of Massachusetts Amherst in the 1959 NCAA College Division football season as a member of the Yankee Conference. The team was coached by Charlie O'Rourke and played its home games at Alumni Field in Amherst, Massachusetts. The 1959 season was O'Rourke's last as coach of the Minutemen. UMass finished the season with a record of 3\u20135\u20131 overall and 2\u20132 in conference play.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [31, 31], "content_span": [32, 465]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077416-0000-0000", "contents": "1959 USAC Championship Car season\nThe 1959 USAC Championship Car season consisted of 13 races, beginning in Daytona Beach, Florida on April 4 and concluding in Sacramento, California on October 25. There were also three non-championship events. The USAC National Champion and Indianapolis 500 winner was Rodger Ward. In this tragic season 7 fatal accidents occurred. During the pre-season, Marshall Teague was fatally injured in a crash at Daytona. He was 37 years old. In the first race of the season at Daytona, 34-year-old George Amick was killed in an accident on the last lap.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [33, 33], "content_span": [34, 581]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077416-0000-0001", "contents": "1959 USAC Championship Car season\nIn the second race of the season at Trenton,  Dick Linder was killed; he was 36 years old. The third race of the season, the Indy 500, had two fatalities. On May 2, Jerry Unser (26 years old) was killed in a practice accident, and on May 19 death Bob Cortner (32 years old) was also killed in a practice accident. On July 19 at Mechanicsburg in the Indianapolis Sweepstakes non-championship race Van Johnson was killed in an accident; he was 32 years old. On August 30, 32-year-old Ed Elisian was killed at the Milwaukee Mile. The year 1959 could be considered one of the most tragic seasons in American open-wheel car history.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [33, 33], "content_span": [34, 661]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077416-0001-0000", "contents": "1959 USAC Championship Car season, Final points standings\nNote: At the Milwaukee 200 started with the car #16 Jim Rathmann, after 29 lap the relieved driver A. J. Foyt led the car the remaining 171 lap and finished 4, so the car completed the 200 lap. The points for this place was 240 points, Jim Rathmann received 34.8 points and A. J. Foyt received 205.2 points; because the method: (the points for the finish place) / (number the lap when completed the car) * (number the lap when completed the driver).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 57], "content_span": [58, 507]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077417-0000-0000", "contents": "1959 USAC Road Racing Championship\nThe 1959 USAC Road Racing Championship season was the second season of the USAC Road Racing Championship. It began March 8, 1959, and ended October 18, 1959, after eleven races. The series was contested for sports cars at eight rounds, and Formula Libre at three rounds. Augie Pabst won the season championship.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [34, 34], "content_span": [35, 346]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077418-0000-0000", "contents": "1959 USA\u2013USSR Track and Field Dual Meet\nThe 1959 USA\u2013USSR Track and Field Dual Meet was an international track and field competition between the Soviet Union and the United States. The second in a series of meetings between the nations, it was held on July 18\u201319 in Philadelphia, United States, and finished with Soviet Union beating the United States 175 to 167. The meet marked an unusual head-to-head for the nations during the Cold War. The men's 10,000 meters drew attention as the American competitor Bob Soth collapsed in the heat mid-race \u2013 an event which was filmed and presented in the Soviet documentary Sport, Sport, Sport (Russian: \u0421\u043f\u043e\u0440\u0442, \u0441\u043f\u043e\u0440\u0442, \u0441\u043f\u043e\u0440\u0442).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [39, 39], "content_span": [40, 666]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077419-0000-0000", "contents": "1959 USC Trojans football team\nThe 1959 USC Trojans football team represented the University of Southern California (USC) in the 1959 NCAA University Division football season. In their third year under head coach Don Clark, the Trojans compiled an 8\u20132 record (3\u20131 against conference opponents), finished in a tie for the Athletic Association of Western Universities championship, and outscored their opponents by a combined total of 195 to 90. Total attendance for all 10 games was 453,865.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [30, 30], "content_span": [31, 490]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077419-0001-0000", "contents": "1959 USC Trojans football team\nBen Charles led the team in passing with 20 of 46 passes completed for 843 yards, four touchdowns and three interceptions. Jerry Traynham led the team in rushing with 123 carries for 583 yards and two touchdowns. Luther Hayes was the leading receiver with nine catches for 179 yards and two touchdowns.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [30, 30], "content_span": [31, 333]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077419-0002-0000", "contents": "1959 USC Trojans football team\nThis was the first season for the five-team AAWU, following the dissolution of the Pacific Coast Conference in the spring. It comprised the four teams from state of California and Washington in Seattle. The other four teams from the north (Oregon, Oregon State, Washington State, and Idaho) were independent for several seasons.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [30, 30], "content_span": [31, 359]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077420-0000-0000", "contents": "1959 USSR Chess Championship\nThe 1959 Soviet Chess Championship was the 26th edition of USSR Chess Championship. Held from 9 January to 11 February 1959 in Tbilisi. The tournament was won by Tigran Petrosian. The final were preceded by semifinals events at Baku, Moscow, Rostov and Tashkent.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [28, 28], "content_span": [29, 291]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077421-0000-0000", "contents": "1959 United Kingdom general election\nThe 1959 United Kingdom general election was held on Thursday, 8 October 1959. It marked a third consecutive victory for the ruling Conservative Party, now led by Harold Macmillan. For the second time in a row, the Conservatives increased their overall majority in Parliament, this time to a landslide majority of 100 seats, having gained 20 seats for a return of 365. The Labour Party, led by Hugh Gaitskell, lost 19 seats and returned 258. The Liberal Party, led by Jo Grimond, again returned only six MPs to the House of Commons, but managed to increase its overall share of the vote to 5.9%, compared to just 2.7% four years earlier.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [36, 36], "content_span": [37, 674]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077421-0001-0000", "contents": "1959 United Kingdom general election\nThe Conservatives won the largest number of votes in Scotland, but narrowly failed to win the most seats in that country. They have not made either achievement ever since. Both Jeremy Thorpe, a future Liberal leader, and Margaret Thatcher, a future Conservative leader and eventually Prime Minister, first entered the House of Commons after this election.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [36, 36], "content_span": [37, 392]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077421-0002-0000", "contents": "1959 United Kingdom general election, Background\nAfter the Suez Crisis in 1956, Anthony Eden, the Conservative Prime Minister, became unpopular. He resigned early in 1957, and was succeeded by Chancellor of the Exchequer Harold Macmillan. At that point, the Labour Party, whose leader Hugh Gaitskell had succeeded Clement Attlee after the 1955 general election, enjoyed large leads in opinion polls over the Conservative Party, and it looked as if Labour would win.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 48], "content_span": [49, 465]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077421-0003-0000", "contents": "1959 United Kingdom general election, Background\nThe Liberal Party also had a new leader, Jo Grimond, so all three parties contested the election with a new leader at the helm.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 48], "content_span": [49, 176]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077421-0004-0000", "contents": "1959 United Kingdom general election, Background\nHowever, the Conservatives enjoyed an upturn in fortunes as the economy improved under Macmillan's leadership, and his personal approval ratings remained high. By September 1958, the Conservatives had moved ahead of Labour in the opinion polls.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 48], "content_span": [49, 293]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077421-0005-0000", "contents": "1959 United Kingdom general election, Campaign\nAll the three main parties had changed leadership since the previous election. The Conservatives fought under the slogan \"Life is better with the Conservatives, don't let Labour ruin it\" and were boosted by a pre-election economic boom. Macmillan very effectively \"summed up\" the mood of the British public when he said that most of the people had \"never had it so good\". Macmillan was very popular, and was described as a politician of the centre ground; in the 1930s he had represented a constituency in northern England (Stockton-on-Tees), which had experienced large-scale unemployment and poverty.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 46], "content_span": [47, 649]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077421-0005-0001", "contents": "1959 United Kingdom general election, Campaign\nThe first week of polling put the Conservatives ahead of Labour by over 5%, but this narrowed as the campaign continued. The Labour Party fought a generally effective campaign, with television broadcasts masterminded by Tony Benn under the umbrella of their manifesto entitled Britain Belongs to You, which accused the Conservatives of complacency over the growing gap between rich and poor. Hugh Gaitskell made a mistake in declaring that a Labour government would not raise taxes if it came to power\u2014even though the Labour manifesto contained pledges to increase spending; especially to increase pensions. This led some voters to doubt Labour's spending plans, and is usually cited as a key reason for their defeat.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 46], "content_span": [47, 764]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077421-0006-0000", "contents": "1959 United Kingdom general election, Results\nEarly on during election night, it became clear that the Conservative Party had been returned to government with an increased majority. However, there were swings to Labour in parts of north-west England, and in Scotland; where Labour had overtaken the Conservatives as the largest single party in terms of seats, despite winning a slightly smaller share of the vote, thanks to overturning narrow majorities in several constituencies.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 45], "content_span": [46, 480]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077421-0007-0000", "contents": "1959 United Kingdom general election, Results\nJames Callaghan believed that the Conservatives increased their majority in part because working-class Labour voters were still angry at the party for opposing the Suez conflict. For the fourth general election in a row, the Conservatives increased their number of seats, despite experiencing a slight decrease in their share of the vote. For Labour, the result was disappointing; despite appearing more united than they had in recent years under Gaitskell's leadership, the party suffered a third consecutive defeat. Future Prime Minister Margaret Thatcher was elected to the House of Commons for the first time as the MP for Finchley, where she would represent until her retirement from politics 33 years later at the 1992 general election.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 45], "content_span": [46, 788]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077421-0008-0000", "contents": "1959 United Kingdom general election, Results\nWhile the Liberal Party earned more than twice as many votes compared to the previous general election, this was largely the result of them nominating nearly double the number of candidates that they did four years prior; their average number of votes-per-candidate only slightly improved. Future party leader Jeremy Thorpe was elected to Parliament for the first time, as the MP for North Devon.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 45], "content_span": [46, 442]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077421-0009-0000", "contents": "1959 United Kingdom general election, Results\nThe Daily Mirror, despite being a staunch supporter of the Labour Party, wished Macmillan \"good luck\" on its front page following his election victory.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 45], "content_span": [46, 197]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077421-0010-0000", "contents": "1959 United Kingdom general election, Results\nThe BBC's election coverage, presented by Richard Dimbleby, was shown on BBC Parliament on 9 October 2009 to mark the fiftieth anniversary of the election and again on 9 October 2019 to mark the sixtieth anniversary.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 45], "content_span": [46, 262]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077421-0011-0000", "contents": "1959 United Kingdom general election, Results\nThe 1959 general election was the first election to be covered by commercial television in the United Kingdom. The ITV network provided election night coverage from the studios of Independent Television News (ITN) in London, with ITV given permission by the Independent Television Authority to use all of the ITV companies on air in 1959 for election links to the main studio in London. Ian Trethowan was the presenter for the ITV coverage.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 45], "content_span": [46, 486]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077422-0000-0000", "contents": "1959 United Kingdom general election in Northern Ireland\nThe 1959 United Kingdom general election in Northern Ireland was held on 8 October with 12 MPs elected in single-seat constituencies using first-past-the-post as part of the wider general election in the United Kingdom.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 56], "section_span": [56, 56], "content_span": [57, 276]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077422-0001-0000", "contents": "1959 United Kingdom general election in Northern Ireland\nThe election took place towards the end of the IRA border campaign, which had seen the IRA launch a series of attacks and bombings against Northern Irish police and infrastructure. The launch of the campaign had in part been encouraged by the results of the last UK general election in Northern Ireland, which had seen Sinn F\u00e9in gain 2 seats, and receive nearly a quarter of the vote.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 56], "section_span": [56, 56], "content_span": [57, 441]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077422-0002-0000", "contents": "1959 United Kingdom general election in Northern Ireland, Results\nThe Ulster Unionists won all the seats in region. This was a net gain from the result at the previous election, although they held all seats in the region before the 1959 election was called: in Fermanagh and South Tyrone, Philip Clarke was unseated by petition and Robert Grosvenor was declared elected to the seat; in Mid Ulster, George Forrest had been elected in a by-election as an Independent Unionist, but subsequently joined the Ulster Unionists.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 56], "section_span": [58, 65], "content_span": [66, 520]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077422-0003-0000", "contents": "1959 United Kingdom general election in Northern Ireland, Results\nIn the election as a whole, the Conservative Party, which included the Ulster Unionists, led by Harold Macmillan as Prime Minister, continued in a majority government.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 56], "section_span": [58, 65], "content_span": [66, 233]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077423-0000-0000", "contents": "1959 United Nations Security Council election\nThe 1959 United Nations Security Council election was held between 12 October and 12 December during the fourteenth session of the United Nations General Assembly, held at United Nations Headquarters in New York City. The General Assembly elected three members through consultation of the president, as non-permanent members of the UN Security Council for two-year mandates commencing on 1 January 1960.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 45], "section_span": [45, 45], "content_span": [46, 449]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077423-0001-0000", "contents": "1959 United Nations Security Council election, Rules\nThe Security Council had 11 seats, filled by five permanent members and six non-permanent members before 1967. Each year, half of the non-permanent members were elected for two-year terms. A sitting member may not immediately run for re-election.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 45], "section_span": [47, 52], "content_span": [53, 299]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077423-0002-0000", "contents": "1959 United Nations Security Council election, Result\nAt this time, the United Nations had 81 member states (for a timeline of UN membership, see Enlargement of the United Nations). There were five candidacies for three seats. At the meeting on 12 October 1959, the President of the United Nations General Assembly proposed granting seats to Ecuador, and Ceylon, a motion that was approved by the assembly. Further discussion of the candidacies of Turkey and Poland was moved to another day.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 45], "section_span": [47, 53], "content_span": [54, 491]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077423-0003-0000", "contents": "1959 United Nations Security Council election, Result, Day 1\nThe first thirteen rounds of balloting were held on 12 October 1959 at the 825th plenary meeting of the General Assembly. Ecuador, and Ceylon were elected in the first round, leaving only the WOEG seat vacant. As Poland and Turkey were the states with the highest number of votes contesting the Asian seat, in accordance with the rules, consecutive rounds of restricted voting would commence. In these rounds, only the two states that have attained the highest number of votes in the previous round (Poland and Turkey) could be voted on, any other votes would be considered invalid. After the thirteen rounds of voting failed to provide an election outcome, the meeting rose.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 45], "section_span": [47, 60], "content_span": [61, 736]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077423-0004-0000", "contents": "1959 United Nations Security Council election, Result, Day 2\nThe next twelve rounds of balloting were held on 13 October 1959 at the 826th plenary meeting of the General Assembly.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 45], "section_span": [47, 60], "content_span": [61, 179]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077423-0005-0000", "contents": "1959 United Nations Security Council election, Result, Day 3\nThe next six rounds of balloting were held on 19 October 1959 at the 827th plenary meeting of the General Assembly.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 45], "section_span": [47, 60], "content_span": [61, 176]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077423-0006-0000", "contents": "1959 United Nations Security Council election, Result, Day 4\nThe next six rounds of balloting were held on 3 November 1959 at the 830th plenary meeting of the General Assembly.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 45], "section_span": [47, 60], "content_span": [61, 176]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077423-0007-0000", "contents": "1959 United Nations Security Council election, Result, Day 5\nThe next six rounds of balloting were held on 17 November 1959 at the 835th plenary meeting of the General Assembly.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 45], "section_span": [47, 60], "content_span": [61, 177]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077423-0008-0000", "contents": "1959 United Nations Security Council election, Result, Day 6\nThe next six rounds of balloting were held on 1 December 1959 at the 839th plenary meeting of the General Assembly.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 45], "section_span": [47, 60], "content_span": [61, 176]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077423-0009-0000", "contents": "1959 United Nations Security Council election, Result, Day 7\nThe final round of balloting was held on 12 December 1959 at the 845th plenary meeting of the General Assembly. During this round, the General Assembly was able to endorse an agreement. President stated that \u201cPoland will at this time be the only candidate for election as non-permanent member of the Security Council and, if elected, will serve in that capacity during the year 1960. As an integral part of the agreement reached, Poland will withdraw from the Council on 31 December 1960. This would mean that\u2026 Turkey would be the only candidate to fill the vacancy thus created on the Council and to serve as non-permanent member during the year 1961.\u201d Therefore, Polan received 71 votes.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 45], "section_span": [47, 60], "content_span": [61, 750]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077424-0000-0000", "contents": "1959 United States Grand Prix\nThe 1959 United States Grand Prix was a Formula One motor race held on December 12, 1959, at Sebring International Raceway in Sebring, Florida. It was the last of 9 races in the 1959 World Championship of Drivers and the 8th and final in the 1959 International Cup for Formula One Manufacturers. It was the second United States Grand Prix (ninth including the American Grand Prize races from 1908\u201316), and the only occasion the race was held at the home of the 12 Hours of Sebring endurance sports car race, the Sebring International Raceway in Florida. The race was held over 42 laps of the 8.36-kilometre circuit for a total race distance of 351 kilometres.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [29, 29], "content_span": [30, 689]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077424-0001-0000", "contents": "1959 United States Grand Prix\nThe race was won by New Zealander Bruce McLaren driving a Cooper T51 for the works Cooper team, the first win for a New Zealand-born driver. McLaren won by six-tenths of a second over French driver Maurice Trintignant driving a Rob Walker Racing Team-entered Cooper T51. British driver Tony Brooks finished third in his Ferrari Dino 246. Championship points leader Australian Jack Brabham ran out of fuel on the last lap and pushed his Cooper T51 across the line to finish fourth. Brooks' third-place finish clinched the title for Brabham. It was the first of three world championships for Brabham, and the first for an Australian, for Cooper, and for a rear-engined car.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [29, 29], "content_span": [30, 701]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077424-0002-0000", "contents": "1959 United States Grand Prix\nMcLaren's win at 22 years, 3 months and 12 days saw him became the youngest-ever Grand Prix winner, a record that would stand for over 40 years. However, he was not the youngest to win a World Championship race. That record was held by American driver Troy Ruttman who had won the 1952 Indianapolis 500 when aged 22 years, 2 months and 19 days. The Indianapolis 500 was included as a round of the World Championship between 1950 and 1960, but it was not considered a Grand Prix.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [29, 29], "content_span": [30, 508]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077424-0003-0000", "contents": "1959 United States Grand Prix\nThis was the last race until the 1994 Monaco Grand Prix that no former world champions were in the field. This was also the last race where a bonus point for fastest lap would be awarded until the 2019 Australian Grand Prix.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [29, 29], "content_span": [30, 254]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077424-0004-0000", "contents": "1959 United States Grand Prix, Background\nFor the first time since 1951, three drivers were in contention for the title going into the final race. A win would seal it for Brabham, or just finishing in front of Stirling Moss and Brooks. Moss needed to finish first or second and ahead of Brabham, while for Brooks winning would not necessarily be enough.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 41], "content_span": [42, 353]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077424-0005-0000", "contents": "1959 United States Grand Prix, Summary\nRussian-born Alec Ulmann's dream of an American Grand Prix was realized in December, 1959 when 19 entries, including six American drivers, arrived in Florida for the final World Championship event of the season. Originally scheduled as the year's opening round, the now season-concluding Sebring race saw the Championship down to Cooper versus Ferrari. Australian Jack Brabham led for Cooper with 31 points to 25.5 for Stirling Moss, also in a Cooper, and 23 for Ferrari driver Tony Brooks.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 38], "content_span": [39, 529]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077424-0006-0000", "contents": "1959 United States Grand Prix, Summary\nThe field featured works Coopers for Brabham and 22-year-old Bruce McLaren of New Zealand; blue Rob Walker-entered Coopers for Moss and Frenchman Maurice Trintignant; four Ferraris\u00a0\u2014 three in Italian red for Englishmen Brooks and Cliff Allison, and German Wolfgang von Trips; one in American white and blue for Phil Hill; front-engined Lotuses for Innes Ireland and Alan Stacey; and, incomprehensibly for the European road-racing elite, the number 1 Kurtis-Offy midget of USAC National Champion Rodger Ward, the only American-built and American-driven entry.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 38], "content_span": [39, 597]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077424-0007-0000", "contents": "1959 United States Grand Prix, Summary\nWard's car had an underpowered engine (1.7 liters to 2.5 for the F1 cars), separate gear-change levers for the two-speed gearbox and two-speed rear end, and an outboard handbrake. Ward explained how his participation in the race came about by saying, \"Ullman called me up and invited me to race in the Grand Prix. He offered me some money, and I was in the habit of accepting money, so I told him I'd bring the midget.\"", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 38], "content_span": [39, 458]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077424-0008-0000", "contents": "1959 United States Grand Prix, Summary\nThe night before practice began, Cooper Team Manager John Cooper, and his drivers Jack Brabham and Bruce McLaren, came across Ward at the hotel in Sebring. Ward, who had won the Indy 500 that year and would win it again in 1962, told the Cooper team members he was in Sebring to drive a dirt track car.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 38], "content_span": [39, 341]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077424-0009-0000", "contents": "1959 United States Grand Prix, Summary\n\"Sure. And have you guys got a surprise waiting for you! Why, on every turn I'll blow you right off the road!\" Ward gushed.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 38], "content_span": [39, 162]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077424-0010-0000", "contents": "1959 United States Grand Prix, Summary\nThe Cooper team soon realized they could not explain things to Ward. He insisted, \"I know what a Midget can do and I know it can take a corner faster than any of those sports cars you have in Europe. You might be faster on the straights, but when it comes to turns you just won't have a chance. Sebring's a lot of turns, isn't it?\"", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 38], "content_span": [39, 370]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077424-0011-0000", "contents": "1959 United States Grand Prix, Summary\nWell, to the Europeans' amazement, Ward's car made it through the technical scrutineering, perhaps a tribute to his Indianapolis reputation, but during the first practice lap, Bruce McLaren and Jack Brabham arrived at the first turn in their Coopers about the same time as Ward. The rear-engined cars sped through the turn, while Ward seemed to almost come to a stop. Afterward, Ward shook his head and said, \"I've got to hand it to you. Those European buggies sure take corners fast!\"", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 38], "content_span": [39, 524]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077424-0012-0000", "contents": "1959 United States Grand Prix, Summary\nQualifying ended with Moss, Brabham and Brooks on the front row, but, overnight, American Harry Schell was given third position, next to Moss and Brabham. The 3:05.2 lap that got Schell on the front row apparently hadcome at the tail end of the session, and had gone unnoticed by almost everyone; his best time previously had been 3:11.2, good enough for 11th.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 38], "content_span": [39, 399]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077424-0013-0000", "contents": "1959 United States Grand Prix, Summary\nProtests ensued from nearly every other team, most vociferously Ferrari, whose man, Brooks, was displaced on the front row. The shouting match raged even as \"The Star-Spangled Banner\" was being sung, but when it was through, Schell started from third place.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 38], "content_span": [39, 296]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077424-0014-0000", "contents": "1959 United States Grand Prix, Summary\nWhat had really happened with Schell did not come out until after the race. At Sebring, just beyond the MG bridge and before the esses was a sharp right turn that apparently led nowhere. Schell found, however, that it connected with the end of the Warehouse Straight, bypassing the entire straight and the Warehouse Hairpin. He had secretly cut across and come back on the course during a lull in the traffic \u2013 and cut six seconds off his time! It didn't help him in the race, however; he was eighth after the first lap and retired after only six.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 38], "content_span": [39, 586]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077424-0015-0000", "contents": "1959 United States Grand Prix, Summary\nMoss led the race from the start and built a gap of ten seconds over Brabham, but after only five laps he retired with a broken gearbox. Already out of the running for the title was Brooks, who had been bumped off the front row by Schell's qualifying ruse. Brooks was rammed from behind by teammate von Trips in the first turn, and pitted to examine the damage. The stop cost him two minutes, and proved to be unnecessary. Though he rejoined to drive a sensational race and finish third, he never had a realistic shot at Brabham.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 38], "content_span": [39, 568]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077424-0016-0000", "contents": "1959 United States Grand Prix, Summary\nBrabham took the lead from Moss while his teammate McLaren followed in second for most of the race. Midway through, with half the field out due to mechanical problems, Brabham slowed to allow McLaren to close up to him, and Trintignant's Rob Walker Cooper began taking huge bites off their lead, as his pit crew kept him informed of his position.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 38], "content_span": [39, 385]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077424-0017-0000", "contents": "1959 United States Grand Prix, Summary\nAs the last lap began, Trintignant was only four seconds behind the two leaders. On the long airport straight, two turns from the finish, Brabham's car began to sputter, and it rolled to a halt 400 yards from the line on the uphill front straight, out of gas. He had refused to follow Team Manager Cooper's exhortations to start the race on full tanks, hoping instead to find more speed from a lighter car. McLaren, surprised to see Brabham slowing, lifted his foot and slowed as well.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 38], "content_span": [39, 524]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077424-0017-0001", "contents": "1959 United States Grand Prix, Summary\nBrabham waved him on frantically, and McLaren resumed speed just soon enough to hold his lead through the last turn and cross the line less than a second ahead of Trintignant, who had set the race's fastest lap only three laps from the end. This would be the last Grand Prix in which Formula One awarded a point for the fastest lap until the 2019 Australian Grand Prix 60 years later.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 38], "content_span": [39, 423]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077424-0018-0000", "contents": "1959 United States Grand Prix, Summary\nBrabham was also passed by Brooks for third place, but the final three cars still running were several laps behind. The rules required that he finish without assistance, so he got out and pushed his car up the hill to finish fourth and earn his first World Driver's Championship, the first for an Australian driver. Cooper also claimed its first Constructor's Championship, the first for a rear-engined car.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 38], "content_span": [39, 446]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077424-0018-0001", "contents": "1959 United States Grand Prix, Summary\nBrooks' third place gave Ferrari second place in the Constructor's Championship; Innes Ireland was fifth, three laps down in his Lotus, and Wolfgang von Trips ended up sixth after his Ferrari's engine gave way with four laps to go. With his victory, McLaren became the youngest ever Grand Prix winner at age 22 years, 104 days. In addition to his prize money, he also won several acres of land adjoining Sebring Lake.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 38], "content_span": [39, 456]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077424-0019-0000", "contents": "1959 United States Grand Prix, Summary\nDespite the exciting finish of the race and the championship, however, the United States Grand Prix at Sebring was a financial disaster. The crowd was half the size of that year's 12 Hours of Sebring sports car race, and after distributing the $15,000 purse, including a huge $6,000 winner's share, Alec Ulmann just about broke even. The next year, he would try again, on the opposite coast, in Riverside, California.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 38], "content_span": [39, 456]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077425-0000-0000", "contents": "1959 United States House of Representatives elections\nThere were four elections to the United States House of Representatives in 1959, all during the 86th United States Congress. Three of them were special elections to fill vacancies, and the fourth was to fill a seat for the new state of Hawaii. There were no special elections to the 85th Congress in 1959.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 53], "section_span": [53, 53], "content_span": [54, 359]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077425-0001-0000", "contents": "1959 United States House of Representatives elections, Hawaii\nIn 1959, Hawaii became a state and elected one new member of the House, Democrat Daniel Inouye.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 53], "section_span": [55, 61], "content_span": [62, 157]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077426-0000-0000", "contents": "1959 United States Senate elections in Hawaii\nThe 1959 United States Senate elections in Hawaii were held July 28, 1959. Following the admission of Hawaii as the fiftieth State in the union, the state held two simultaneous elections to determine their first senators.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 45], "section_span": [45, 45], "content_span": [46, 267]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077426-0001-0000", "contents": "1959 United States Senate elections in Hawaii\nThe elections were split between the Republican and Democratic parties. The new senators took office August 21. Oren Long was given seniority based on his service as Governor of Hawaii.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 45], "section_span": [45, 45], "content_span": [46, 231]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077426-0002-0000", "contents": "1959 United States Senate elections in Hawaii, Class 1\nThis election was for the class 1 term expiring in 1965. It was won by Republican Hiram Fong.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 45], "section_span": [47, 54], "content_span": [55, 148]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077426-0003-0000", "contents": "1959 United States Senate elections in Hawaii, Class 3\nThis election was for the Class 3 term expiring in 1963. It was won by Democrat Oren Long, who started an as-of-yet uninterrupted streak of Democratic victories in the Class 3 Senate seat in Hawaii.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 45], "section_span": [47, 54], "content_span": [55, 253]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077426-0004-0000", "contents": "1959 United States Senate elections in Hawaii, Class 3, General election, Results\nFollowing Long's victory, Governor William F. Quinn appointed Tsukiyama to the Hawaii Supreme Court.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 45], "section_span": [47, 81], "content_span": [82, 182]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077427-0000-0000", "contents": "1959 United States gubernatorial elections\nUnited States gubernatorial elections were held in 1959, in four states. Kentucky, Louisiana and Mississippi hold their gubernatorial elections in odd numbered years, every 4 years, preceding the United States presidential election year. Hawaii held its first gubernatorial election on achieving statehood.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 42], "section_span": [42, 42], "content_span": [43, 349]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077428-0000-0000", "contents": "1959 Upper Voltan Territorial Assembly election\nTerritorial Assembly elections were held in the Republic of Upper Volta on 19 April 1959. The result was a victory for the African Democratic Rally, which won 62 of the 75 seats in the Assembly. Voter turnout was 46.9%.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 47], "section_span": [47, 47], "content_span": [48, 267]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077429-0000-0000", "contents": "1959 Upper Voltan constitutional referendum\nA constitutional referendum was held in the Republic of Upper Volta on 15 March 1959. Unlike almost all other French colonies in Africa (which were presidential republics), the new constitution would make the territory parliamentary republic with a unicameral National Assembly. It was approved by 80% of voters with a 68.7% turnout.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 43], "section_span": [43, 43], "content_span": [44, 377]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077430-0000-0000", "contents": "1959 Uruguayan Primera Divisi\u00f3n, Overview\nIt was contested by 10 teams, and Pe\u00f1arol won the championship.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 41], "content_span": [42, 105]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077431-0000-0000", "contents": "1959 Uruguayan flood\nIn April 1959, Uruguay suffered floods (Spanish: Inundaciones de abril de 1959 en Uruguay) that were the most severe in the modern history of Uruguay.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [20, 20], "content_span": [21, 171]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077431-0001-0000", "contents": "1959 Uruguayan flood\nRainfall lasted from March 24 till April 23 and as a consequence the R\u00edo Negro suffered an overtopping. Waters passed over the Dam of Rinc\u00f3n del Bonete.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [20, 20], "content_span": [21, 173]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077432-0000-0000", "contents": "1959 Utah Redskins football team\nThe 1959 Utah Redskins football team represented the University of Utah during the 1959 NCAA University Division football season. Home games were played on campus in Salt Lake City at Ute Stadium.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [32, 32], "content_span": [33, 229]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077432-0001-0000", "contents": "1959 Utah Redskins football team\nUnder second-year head coach Ray Nagel, the Redskins were 5\u20135 overall and 3\u20132 in the Skyline Conference (Skyline). They were led on the field by junior quarterback Terry Nofsinger and senior safety (& halfback) Larry Wilson, a future member of the Pro Football Hall of Fame.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [32, 32], "content_span": [33, 307]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077432-0002-0000", "contents": "1959 Utah Redskins football team\nConference members New Mexico and Montana were not played in 1960, and the Redskins defeated both in-state rivals: BYU by twelve points and Utah State by fourteen.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [32, 32], "content_span": [33, 196]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077432-0003-0000", "contents": "1959 Utah Redskins football team\nFor the first of two consecutive seasons, Utah did not face longtime rival Colorado; they first played in 1903 and had met every year except two (1909, 1918). The series resumed in 1961 and 1962, then went on hiatus until 2011, when both schools joined the Pac-12 Conference.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [32, 32], "content_span": [33, 308]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077432-0004-0000", "contents": "1959 Utah Redskins football team, NFL draft\nUtah had two players selected in the 1960 NFL Draft.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 43], "content_span": [44, 96]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077432-0005-0000", "contents": "1959 Utah Redskins football team, NFL draft\nLarry Wilson played thirteen NFL seasons and was inducted into the Pro Football Hall of Fame in 1978, his first year of eligibility.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 43], "content_span": [44, 176]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077433-0000-0000", "contents": "1959 Utah State Aggies football team\nThe 1959 Utah State Aggies football team was an American football team that represented Utah State University in the Skyline Conference during the 1959 NCAA University Division football season. In their first season under head coach John Ralston, the Aggies compiled a 5\u20136 record (2\u20135 against Skyline opponents), finished in a three-way tie for fifth in the Skyline Conference, and were outscored by opponents by a total of 185 to 181.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [36, 36], "content_span": [37, 472]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077434-0000-0000", "contents": "1959 VFA season\nThe 1959 Victorian Football Association season was the 78th season of the Australian rules football competition. The premiership was won by the Williamstown Football Club after it defeated Coburg in the Grand Final on 10 October by 35 points. It was Williamstown's tenth premiership, taking it past Footscray to become the club with the most premierships won in VFA history, a title it held until it was passed by Port Melbourne in 1976; it was also the fifth of five premierships won in six seasons between 1954 and 1959, and the club's fourth consecutive minor premiership.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 15], "section_span": [15, 15], "content_span": [16, 591]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077434-0001-0000", "contents": "1959 VFA season, Association Membership\nPrior to 1959, the Prahran Football Club was expelled from the Association for failing to meet the minimum home ground requirements, and was replaced by the Sunshine Football Club. As such, the Association membership numbers remained constant at 16.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 15], "section_span": [17, 39], "content_span": [40, 289]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077434-0002-0000", "contents": "1959 VFA season, Association Membership, Expulsion of Prahran\nThroughout its history, the Prahran Football Club had played its home matches at Toorak Oval, which it leased throughout the winter from the City of Prahran. At the time, each Association club played a Seconds match on its home venue on weekends when the Firsts team was playing away \u2013 the modern practice of playing Seconds games as curtain-raisers to Firsts games was not established until 1980.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 15], "section_span": [17, 61], "content_span": [62, 459]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077434-0002-0001", "contents": "1959 VFA season, Association Membership, Expulsion of Prahran\nOn 4 March 1959, the Prahran Council announced that it was seeking tenders to let Toorak Oval to a separate sporting body on alternate weekends during winter \u2013 such that the Prahran First Sixteen would play its home matches there, and another sport would be played there when the Prahran Firsts were playing away.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 15], "section_span": [17, 61], "content_span": [62, 375]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077434-0002-0002", "contents": "1959 VFA season, Association Membership, Expulsion of Prahran\nThe Council was primarily seeking to improve its financial return on the venue: it cost the city \u00a32,000 to maintain and operate the ground annually, and it received only \u00a360 from the football club in rent for the entire winter, and the gate takings from Seconds matches were meagre; but, it received comparatively enormous offers of \u00a3440 from the Jugoslav United Soccer Team and \u00a3660 from the Victorian Rugby Union to lease the ground on alternate Saturdays during winter.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 15], "section_span": [17, 61], "content_span": [62, 534]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077434-0002-0003", "contents": "1959 VFA season, Association Membership, Expulsion of Prahran\nThis was not the first time that other codes had made attempts to share occupancy of Association venues; in 1954, the Prahran council had turned down an offer of \u00a3800 from J.U.S.T. to lease Toorak Oval on alternate weekends, and Hakoah made unsuccessful attempts to share the Camberwell Sports Ground with Camberwell in 1955 and 1956.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 15], "section_span": [17, 61], "content_span": [62, 396]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077434-0003-0000", "contents": "1959 VFA season, Association Membership, Expulsion of Prahran\nThe potential to lose access to Toorak Oval for Seconds games was a problem for the Prahran Football Club, because the VFA constitution included a requirement that all clubs' Firsts and Seconds must play their matches on the same home ground on alternate weekends \u2013 with the exception of Brighton, which had a decades-long arrangement to share Elsternwick Park with the Elsternwick Amateur Football Club. On 6 March, the Association confirmed that it would expel Prahran if it could not meet these requirements.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 15], "section_span": [17, 61], "content_span": [62, 573]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077434-0003-0001", "contents": "1959 VFA season, Association Membership, Expulsion of Prahran\nThe Association's hardline approach was based on a slippery slope argument, that allowing one council to seek a more lucrative deal for alternate Saturdays would result in all councils eventually taking the same action; access to better venues would be a fillip for rugby, soccer and other sports which were in direct competition with the Association, and would therefore be detrimental to the Association's long-term popularity and viability.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 15], "section_span": [17, 61], "content_span": [62, 505]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077434-0004-0000", "contents": "1959 VFA season, Association Membership, Expulsion of Prahran\nIn two weeks of negotiations, the council offered the Prahran Seconds the use of Como Park, and offered to provide temporary fencing to bring the venue to Association standards; and alternatively suggested that the Prahran Seconds could play a curtain-raiser to the successful bidder \u2013 but the Association rejected both suggestions. The Prahran Football Club also increased its own offer to the council from \u00a360 to \u00a3175 to lease the ground for the entire winter.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 15], "section_span": [17, 61], "content_span": [62, 524]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077434-0005-0000", "contents": "1959 VFA season, Association Membership, Expulsion of Prahran\nOn 16 March, the Prahran Council formally agreed to lease Toorak Oval to the Victorian Rugby Union on alternate Saturdays, and the Association Board of Management unanimously agreed to expel Prahran. The Association made clear that it would welcome Prahran back as soon as it was able to secure a ground for the entire winter, and the club ultimately came to an agreement with the council in October 1959, with rent of \u00a3100 per year; as such, Prahran's expulsion lasted only for the 1959 season. Prahran spent the 1959 season in the Metropolitan League, and won its premiership. Permission was given for Prahran's players to be cleared to other clubs in Melbourne, under a gentlemen's agreement that they be cleared back to Prahran when the club was re-admitted to the Association.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 15], "section_span": [17, 61], "content_span": [62, 843]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077434-0006-0000", "contents": "1959 VFA season, Association Membership, Admission of Sunshine\nWith Prahran expelled from the Association, the Sunshine Football Club lodged an application to replace it. Sunshine's application was first reported on 24 March, and was accepted unanimously by the remaining members of the Association on 27 March. The Association had made overtures to a club based in Sunshine as early as the central ground dispute of 1934, and the club had actively been seeking admission to the Association for the previous eight years.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 15], "section_span": [17, 62], "content_span": [63, 520]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077434-0007-0000", "contents": "1959 VFA season, Association Membership, Admission of Sunshine\nSunshine was a large club in a strong growth area of Melbourne's west, which operated two teams in the Metropolitan League and three teams in the Footscray District League and had more than 200 registered players. It was runner-up in the Metropolitan League in 1958. It played its home games at Selwyn Park, which was up to Association standard and had a recently built \u00a320,000 pavilion.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 15], "section_span": [17, 62], "content_span": [63, 450]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077434-0008-0000", "contents": "1959 VFA season, Association Membership, Admission of Sunshine\nSunshine's playing uniform in the Metropolitan league consisted of blue and white hoops, identical to Moorabbin's guernsey. The clubs were not drawn to play each other until late in the season, so Sunshine played in its hoops until July, when it switched to a navy blue guernsey with a white yoke, and plain blue socks.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 15], "section_span": [17, 62], "content_span": [63, 382]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077434-0009-0000", "contents": "1959 VFA season, Rule changes\nThe Association reduced the number of players on the field from eighteen per side to sixteen per side from the 1959 season; the two wingmen were the positions eliminated from the game under the new system. Each team also had two reserve players. The change lasted for 33 seasons; it was not until 1992 that the Association returned to the national standard eighteen-a-side rules. The Association had previously played sixteen-a-side between 1912 and 1918.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 15], "section_span": [17, 29], "content_span": [30, 485]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077434-0010-0000", "contents": "1959 VFA season, Premiership\nThe home-and-home season was played twenty weeks. As in 1958, the clubs were split into a north-of-the-Yarra section and a south-of-the-Yarra section for the fixturing: in the first fourteen rounds, each club played home-and-home against the other seven clubs in its section; then, each club played against clubs from the opposite section over the final six rounds. The clubs were arranged into a single combined ladder including both northern and southern teams, and the top four clubs then contested a finals series under the Page\u2013McIntyre system to determine the premiers for the season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 15], "section_span": [17, 28], "content_span": [29, 619]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077435-0000-0000", "contents": "1959 VFL Grand Final\nThe 1959 VFL Grand Final was an Australian rules football game contested between the Melbourne Football Club and Essendon Football Club, held at the Melbourne Cricket Ground on 20 September 1959. It was the 63rd annual Grand Final of the Victorian Football League, staged to determine the premiers for the 1959 VFL season. The match, attended by\t103,506 spectators, was won by Melbourne by 37 points, marking that club's tenth premiership victory.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [20, 20], "content_span": [21, 468]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077435-0001-0000", "contents": "1959 VFL Grand Final\nThis was Melbourne's sixth successive Grand Final appearance. It was the second time in three years in which the two teams met in a Grand Final, with Melbourne also having won the 1957 VFL Grand Final.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [20, 20], "content_span": [21, 222]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077436-0000-0000", "contents": "1959 VFL season\nThe 1959 Victorian Football League season was the 63rd season of the elite Australian rules football competition.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 15], "section_span": [15, 15], "content_span": [16, 129]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077436-0001-0000", "contents": "1959 VFL season, Premiership season\nIn 1959, the VFL competition consisted of twelve teams of 18 on-the-field players each, plus two substitute players, known as the 19th man and the 20th man. A player could be substituted for any reason; however, once substituted, a player could not return to the field of play under any circumstances.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 15], "section_span": [17, 35], "content_span": [36, 337]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077436-0002-0000", "contents": "1959 VFL season, Premiership season\nTeams played each other in a home-and-away season of 18 rounds; matches 12 to 18 were the \"home-and-way reverse\" of matches 1 to 7.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 15], "section_span": [17, 35], "content_span": [36, 167]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077436-0003-0000", "contents": "1959 VFL season, Premiership season\nOnce the 18 round home-and-away season had finished, the 1959 VFL Premiers were determined by the specific format and conventions of the Page\u2013McIntyre system.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 15], "section_span": [17, 35], "content_span": [36, 194]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077436-0004-0000", "contents": "1959 VFL season, Consolation Night Series Competition\nThe night series were held under the floodlights at Lake Oval, South Melbourne, for the teams (5th to 12th on ladder) out of the finals at the end of the season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 15], "section_span": [17, 53], "content_span": [54, 215]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077437-0000-0000", "contents": "1959 VMI Keydets football team\nThe 1959 VMI Keydets football team represented the Virginia Military Institute during the 1959 NCAA University Division football season. The team won the Southern Conference championship.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [30, 30], "content_span": [31, 218]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077438-0000-0000", "contents": "1959 VPI Gobblers football team\nThe 1959 VPI Gobblers football team represented the Virginia Polytechnic Institute in the 1959 NCAA University Division football season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [31, 31], "content_span": [32, 168]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077438-0001-0000", "contents": "1959 VPI Gobblers football team, Players\nThe following players were members of the 1959 football team according to the roster published in the 1960 edition of The Bugle, the Virginia Tech yearbook.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 40], "content_span": [41, 197]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077439-0000-0000", "contents": "1959 Valdostan regional election\nThe Valdostan regional election of 1959 took place on 17 May 1959.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [32, 32], "content_span": [33, 99]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077439-0001-0000", "contents": "1959 Valdostan regional election\nThe Valdostan Union sought a revenge for the previous election, it allied with the left and won.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [32, 32], "content_span": [33, 129]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077440-0000-0000", "contents": "1959 Vanderbilt Commodores football team\nThe 1959 Vanderbilt Commodores football team represented Vanderbilt University in the 1959 NCAA University Division football season. The Commodores were led by head coach Art Guepe in his seventh season and finished the season with a record of five wins, three losses and two ties (5\u20133\u20132 overall, 3\u20132\u20132 in the SEC).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [40, 40], "content_span": [41, 356]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077441-0000-0000", "contents": "1959 Venezuelan Primera Divisi\u00f3n season\nThe 1959 season of the Venezuelan Primera Divisi\u00f3n, the top category of Venezuelan football, was played by 5 teams. The national champions were Deportivo Espa\u00f1ol.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [39, 39], "content_span": [40, 202]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077442-0000-0000", "contents": "1959 Vermont Catamounts football team\nThe 1959 Vermont Catamounts football team was an American football team that represented  the University of Vermont in the Yankee Conference during the 1959 NCAA College Division football season. In their eighth year under head coach J. Edward Donnelly, the team compiled a 4\u20133 record.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [37, 37], "content_span": [38, 323]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077443-0000-0000", "contents": "1959 Villanova Wildcats football team\nThe 1959 Villanova Wildcats football team represented the Villanova University during the 1959 NCAA University Division football season. The head coach was Frank Regan who left the team after the first four games of the season and Joseph Rogers finished the season. The team played their home games at Villanova Stadium in Villanova, Pennsylvania.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [37, 37], "content_span": [38, 385]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077444-0000-0000", "contents": "1959 Viqueque rebellion\nThe 1959 Viqueque rebellion was an uprising against the Portuguese rule in the southeastern part of East Timor. It was concentrated in the remote regions of Uatolari and Uatocarbau. It was an anti-colonial rebellion against the Portuguese, who had been the colonial masters of East Timor since the sixteenth century. The rebellion is significant in East Timorese history because it was the only rebellion that erupted after World War II.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [23, 23], "content_span": [24, 461]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077444-0000-0001", "contents": "1959 Viqueque rebellion\nFor the longest time, due to lack of information and research, there were speculations and assumptions made about the origins of the rebellion which focus more on external factors, like the role of Indonesia. However, in the last decade, there has been more research done that has helped to illuminate this part of East Timor's history and it has also highlighted the agency of the East Timorese for participating in the rebellion.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [23, 23], "content_span": [24, 455]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077444-0001-0000", "contents": "1959 Viqueque rebellion, Background\nDuring World War II, the Axis Powers of Germany and Italy rampaged across Europe but Portugal was spared because it had declared its neutrality. Japan, who was also an Axis Power, was causing anxiety among the Dutch, Portuguese and Australian governments in Asia as they were speedily taking over colonies in parts of Southeast Asia. However, the Portuguese governor wanted East Timor to remain neutral. As a result, 400 Dutch and Australian troops were sent to East Timor in defiance of the Portuguese governor's protests of neutrality.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 35], "content_span": [36, 573]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077444-0001-0001", "contents": "1959 Viqueque rebellion, Background\nThe Australians deployed the troops as they viewed Timor as a buffer and it was imperative that the Japanese do not take over Timor. Soon enough, the Japanese landed in Dili, the capital of East Timor, on 19 February 1942. There was fierce fighting but eventually, the Japanese was able to take over the entire island. In 1945, the war finally came to an end, with the Japanese surrendering and withdrawing from the island. The effects of the war on East Timor were devastating. Dili and other villages were badly damaged due to Allied bombing, and the occupying forces.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 35], "content_span": [36, 606]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077444-0001-0002", "contents": "1959 Viqueque rebellion, Background\nIn terms of human cost, \u2018Portuguese Timor suffered far worse than any other South-East Asian country occupied by the Japanese.\u2019 The Japanese imposed forced labour and ruthless appropriation of whole harvests, which led to many Timorese dying of famine and other diseases. In short, East Timor was in shambles by the end of the war.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 35], "content_span": [36, 367]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077444-0002-0000", "contents": "1959 Viqueque rebellion, Political and economic context (1945 \u2013 1959), Politics\nUnlike in other parts of Southeast Asia, the Japanese Occupation of East Timor did not spark the start of Timorese nationalism. It also did not result in many Timorese organizing anti-colonial movements or collaborating with the Japanese to achieve independence once the Japanese had triumphed over the Allies. While in other parts of Southeast Asia, the colonizers had to contend with nationalist leaders and groups fighting or negotiating for independence from them as part of this global shift towards decolonization. In East Timor, the Portuguese were doing the opposite, they were re-asserting their authority.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 79], "content_span": [80, 695]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077444-0002-0001", "contents": "1959 Viqueque rebellion, Political and economic context (1945 \u2013 1959), Politics\nHence, an authoritarian type of government was re-introduced, which mirrored the Portuguese fascist government that had been in power since 1930. In 1950, as part of Portugal's desire to project a different international image, all Portuguese colonies including East Timor were no longer called colonies but \u2018overseas provinces.\u2019 The change in name did not result in a loosening of the repressive regime. As in pre-war days, the Portuguese governor was in charge of Timor but there was also a Timorese system of hierarchy where power was in the hands of the liurai (chief).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 79], "content_span": [80, 653]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077444-0003-0000", "contents": "1959 Viqueque rebellion, Political and economic context (1945 \u2013 1959), Economy\nThe war was a catastrophe for the East Timorese economy as infrastructure and plantations were now in ruins. To make matters worse, Portugal was economically weakened by the war in Europe. Moreover, the Marshall Plan, which was an aid programme by the United States of America (USA) to assist European countries to rebuild their economies, was not extended to Portugal. In addition, as Portugal was still a fascist state, the other Western European countries were reluctant to have any dealings with it.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 78], "content_span": [79, 582]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077444-0003-0001", "contents": "1959 Viqueque rebellion, Political and economic context (1945 \u2013 1959), Economy\nDue to the lack of funds from Portugal and the fact that the Timorese were too poor to be taxed, the governor had to rely on forced labour that was arranged by the liurai to rebuild roads, buildings and bridges that had been destroyed. Overall, from 1945 till 1959, the Portuguese spent most of whatever funds they were allocated on rebuilding the capital, and the rest was divided between developing the interior and the agriculture sector. The latter did see improvements that helped to avert a famine. In 1952, funds were also channelled for the first liceu (middle school), which was set up in Dili, and four years later to a vocational school that was started. In short, the Portuguese developed East Timor's economy at a \u2018snail\u2019s pace\u2019.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 78], "content_span": [79, 821]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077444-0004-0000", "contents": "1959 Viqueque rebellion, Prelude to the rebellion\nOn 27 March 1958, a group of fourteen Indonesian men from a separatist movement known as Permesta (Total Struggle) fled from Kupang, West Timor, after being defeated by the Indonesian central government. They landed in the East Timor enclave of Oecussi and asked the Portuguese government for political asylum which was duly granted and they were sent to live in the Baucau area with a daily subsidy. After four months, four of the Indonesians were sent to Viqueque where they made friends with Jose Manuel Duarte, who was a mestizo (mixed blood) Timorese civil servant in the Weather Service.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 49], "content_span": [50, 643]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077444-0004-0001", "contents": "1959 Viqueque rebellion, Prelude to the rebellion\nThey also made friends with Amaro Loyola Jordao de Araujo, who was a Timorese retired Treasury employee. Concurrently, Luis \u2018Xina\u2019 da Costa Rego, a young Chinese-Timorese driver for the Agriculture Department based in Dili, was spearheading a growing civil servant conspiracy against the Portuguese administration. He managed to convince Antonio da Costa Soares, known as \u2018Antonio Metan\u2019, who was a descendant from the liurai Afaloicai, a kingdom at the foothills of Mount Matebian along the Baucau-Viqueque border.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 49], "content_span": [50, 565]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077444-0004-0002", "contents": "1959 Viqueque rebellion, Prelude to the rebellion\nLuis Xina convinced Antonia Metan that there was a colony-wide plot to hold all members of the Portuguese government hostage and demand that Lisbon create a new government. For this plan to succeed, it would require the assistance of everyone in East Timor. The Viqueque plot was championed by Gerson Pello, one of the Indonesian exiles. He promised Luis Xina that there would be Indonesian support for their cause in \u2018vague and grandiose terms\u2019. This in turn influenced Luis Xina's plan.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 49], "content_span": [50, 538]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077444-0005-0000", "contents": "1959 Viqueque rebellion, Prelude to the rebellion\nHowever, in late May 1959, the Dili plot was uncovered by the Portuguese who swiftly apprehended the conspirators: Luis Xina, Joao \u2018Chiquito\u2019 Pereira da Silva \u2013 a nurse from Manatuto, and Jose \u2018Zeca\u2019 de Sousa Gama of Laga on 1 June 1959 and several family members of Antonio da Costa Soares were arrested and killed by dumping in the Bebui river. They were under arrest because they were suspected of planning a colony-wide rebellion on New Year's Eve. The Portuguese authorities also suspected that the Indonesian Consul, Nazwar Jacub, was in a leadership position in the rebellion. However, they were unable to find any evidence to connect Nazwar to the plot. Most of the evidence that was uncovered was circumstantial, for example, his mail order for a large quantity of photographic equipment, and his friendship with the Indonesian exiles.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 49], "content_span": [50, 894]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077444-0006-0000", "contents": "1959 Viqueque rebellion, Prelude to the rebellion\nOver the next few days, the \u2018overzealous\u2019 Portuguese police commander, Sergeant Manual Da Camara arrested dozens of people. Arrests were made based on little more than the mention of a name during interrogations. Force was used to extract confessions from the accused. The suspects who were arrested came from a wide variety of backgrounds. Some were educated and working in places like the Post and Telegraph, the Indonesian Consul and the bank, and others were illiterate farmers or just unemployed friends of civil servants. The most shocking arrest was Francisco Araujo, who was a distinguished member of the Concelho do Governo (Council of Government).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 49], "content_span": [50, 707]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077444-0007-0000", "contents": "1959 Viqueque rebellion, Prelude to the rebellion\nOn the evening of 6 June, the Dili authorities alerted Administrator Artur Ramos in Viqueque to arrest Antonio Metan, as his name was mentioned during the interrogations. Artur Ramos ordered the cipaios (indigenous police) to arrest Antonio Metan. After being captured by the cipaios, Antonio Metan thought of an excuse to buy time and save his life. He told the cipaios that he needed to collect a suit from his friend's house. When they agreed to let Antonio Metan to retrieve his suit, he immediately alerted Gerson Pello and the other conspirators that the plot had been discovered by the Portuguese. At this point, the rebellion began in Viqueque.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 49], "content_span": [50, 702]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077444-0008-0000", "contents": "1959 Viqueque rebellion, Events of the Rebellion\nOn 7 June, Pello dispatched another Indonesian exile to accompany Antonio Metan back to Uatolari. As a symbolic gesture, Antonio Metan asked the chief cipaio to lower the Portuguese flag and cut the telegraph lines. At Viqueque town, the Indonesian exiles, group of civil servants and coconut plantation workers wanted to raid the district administration building to seize the weapons and use them against the Portuguese authorities. Their second objective was to hold the administrator and his family hostage. They were successful in getting the weapons but the administrator, his family and his assistant were able to escape in a jeep. When the administrator reached Ossu, he telephoned the Portuguese at Baucau and Dili to inform them about the situation at Viqueque.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 48], "content_span": [49, 819]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077444-0009-0000", "contents": "1959 Viqueque rebellion, Events of the Rebellion\nWith the weapons they had seized, their next step was to advance to Uatocarbau to gather more supporters, then to Baguia and finally to Laga on the north coast where the Portuguese suspected they would rendezvous with their Indonesian accomplices. When the rebels reached Baguia, the Portuguese had managed to send reinforcements to Baguia in time. The Portuguese troops and a truck with a machine gun mounted on it were waiting for them.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 48], "content_span": [49, 487]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077444-0009-0001", "contents": "1959 Viqueque rebellion, Events of the Rebellion\nThe rebels had to take over a fort but as the weapons and ammunition they had seized from the administrator's building were too antiquated, they were inadequate for the task. The rebels dispersed upon contact with the Portuguese troops by hiding in the jungle or in the mountains. Those who revealed themselves by either surrendering or fighting were killed by the Portuguese.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 48], "content_span": [49, 425]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077444-0010-0000", "contents": "1959 Viqueque rebellion, Events of the Rebellion\nTo clear the area of the rebels, the Portuguese invited troops from the highland Makassae from Ossu and Venilale and Tetun-speakers from Viqueque town to attack Uatolari. The invaders looted everything of value, including rice, livestock and clothes. The administrator of Lautem, also invited people from Baguia, Iliomar and Lospalos to form parties to help put down the rebellion and mete out punishment. The rebellion finally ended on 14 June, estimates of the number of people who died in the rebellion vary between 160 and 1000.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 48], "content_span": [49, 581]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077444-0011-0000", "contents": "1959 Viqueque rebellion, Aftermath\nThe fifty-eight Timorese rebels who were captured by the Portuguese were exiled from East Timor. On 30 September 1959, a Portuguese-owned passenger ship called the India docked at Dili, picked up the rebels and departed on 6 October 1959. The rebels were exiled to Angola, Mozambique and Portugal.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 34], "content_span": [35, 332]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077444-0012-0000", "contents": "1959 Viqueque rebellion, Aftermath\nNine out of the fourteen Indonesian exiles who were in East Timor during the rebellion were returned to Indonesia in the mid 1960s, one of them was shot dead during the rebellion and the remaining four were deported to Lisbon.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 34], "content_span": [35, 261]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077444-0013-0000", "contents": "1959 Viqueque rebellion, Aftermath\nIn East Timor, after order had been restored, security was tightened with the Portuguese opening a branch of the Policia Internacional e da Defesa do Estado (PIDE) which was the Portuguese secret police. There were increased military and surveillance activities on Timorese both at home and abroad to ensure that subversive elements did not undermine the regime.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 34], "content_span": [35, 397]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077444-0014-0000", "contents": "1959 Viqueque rebellion, Debates about the origins\nThe origins of the rebellion have been a hotly debated topic ever since the rebellion occurred. Due to the lack of media coverage of the rebellion and first-hand accounts surrounding the rebellion, there have been speculation and assumptions made about the origins of the rebellion. From the late 1970s to mid 2000s, the debates about the origins of the rebellion were focused on the degree of involvement of Indonesia in fomenting the rebellion. In 1978, one of the first books that were written in the English language about the history of East Timor was published. It was written by Jill Jolliffe and titled East Timor: Nationalism and Colonialism. Jolliffe is unsure about the identity of the fourteen Indonesians but acknowledges that they were the main instigators of the rebellion who \"apparently encouraged the Timorese there to attack Portuguese posts at Uatolari and Uato Carabau.\"", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 50], "content_span": [51, 942]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077444-0015-0000", "contents": "1959 Viqueque rebellion, Debates about the origins\nIn 1991, John G. Taylor's book Indonesia's Forgotten War: The Hidden History of East Timor was published. Taylor identifies the fourteen Indonesians as originating from southeast Sulawesi and was involved in a regional rebellion against the Indonesian government. They were allowed to settle in East Timor by the Portuguese, thereafter, they allied themselves with local groups who were against Portuguese rule and who wanted unification of Indonesia with East Timor. The fourteen Indonesians tried to mobilize local discontent with the aim of rebuilding their base in East Timor. Furthermore, they were indisputably assisted by the Indonesian Consul in Dili and supporters in Kupang, West Timor, who agreed to supply weapons. Therefore, from Taylor's perspective, this shows that there was some level of support from the Indonesian government for the \u2018integrationist lobby\u2019 in East Timor.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 50], "content_span": [51, 940]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077444-0016-0000", "contents": "1959 Viqueque rebellion, Debates about the origins\nIn 1978 there was another book written by Bill Nicol called Timor: The Stillborn Nation' which was republished in 2002 with a different title, Timor: A Nation Reborn. In the 2002 book, Nicol identifies the fourteen Indonesians as part of a movement known as Permesta from Sulawesi who were in Timor to instigate a rebellion to overthrow the Portuguese. They wanted to create an independent East Timor which could function as a base for an independence movement for eastern Indonesia.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 50], "content_span": [51, 534]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077444-0017-0000", "contents": "1959 Viqueque rebellion, Debates about the origins\nIn 2006, there was a notable change in focus on what were the origins of the rebellion. That year Geoffrey C. Gunn published a book chapter titled,  \u201cRevisiting the Viqueque (East Timor) Rebellion of 1959,\u201d  also accessible online as an unpublished manuscript  . For Gunn, the fourteen Indonesians that took part in the rebellion were part of a secessionist movement but they were not central to the fomenting of rebellion in 1959. Instead, it was the Indonesian Consul in Dili who was the mastermind. However, Gunn does not apportion all the blame on the Indonesian Consul for the rebellion, his work is also an attempt at establishing the motivations of the East Timorese in wanting to participate in the rebellion by analysing their background.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 50], "content_span": [51, 798]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077444-0018-0000", "contents": "1959 Viqueque rebellion, Debates about the origins\nIn 2007, Janet Gunter wrote an article Communal Conflict in Viqueque and the \u2018Charged\u2019 History of '59, that sheds light on the role of the East Timorese in the rebellion. Gunter identifies the fourteen Indonesians as just people who were fleeing from Kupang, where the Indonesian authorities were launching a crackdown on a separatist movement. In terms of the role of these fourteen Indonesians, Gunter situates them as one of the groups of active participants; they were not the main instigators.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 50], "content_span": [51, 549]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077444-0018-0001", "contents": "1959 Viqueque rebellion, Debates about the origins\nThe other groups of active participants in the rebellion were the disgruntled civil servants and minor royalty from the Uatolari and Uatocarbau subdistricts. In Gunter's article, she gives agency to the East Timorese by articulating the reasons for their involvement in the rebellion. For the disgruntled civil servants like Jose Manuel Duarte, they were unhappy that they had no opportunities for advancement in the civil service and that they were treated with disrespect. The minor royalty like Antonio Metan were motivated by perceived corruption in Uatolari.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 50], "content_span": [51, 614]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077444-0018-0002", "contents": "1959 Viqueque rebellion, Debates about the origins\nThey believed the acting subdistrict head was pocketing a large share of their salaries that were being paid by the Australian firm Timor Oil, which was surveying for oil. Besides these grievances, they were also dissatisfied with issues that were affecting the ordinary Timorese like heavy taxation and a lack of schools.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 50], "content_span": [51, 373]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077444-0019-0000", "contents": "1959 Viqueque rebellion, Debates about the origins\nThis shift in the debate about the origins of the rebellion can be attributed to the increasing availability of sources surrounding the rebellion as well as the context in which the writers were writing their works. When Jolliffe published her book in 1978, East Timor had been annexed by Indonesia in 1975 and was under the occupation of the Indonesians. Furthermore, there was a paucity of sources which was due to the lack of attention that the world paid to East Timor in the 1950s which resulted in few international press agencies reporting on the rebellion.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 50], "content_span": [51, 615]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077444-0019-0001", "contents": "1959 Viqueque rebellion, Debates about the origins\nJolliffe's account relied on few sources and she made several assumptions about the role of the fourteen Indonesians without hard evidence. In 1991, when Taylor published his book, East Timor was still under Indonesian rule and it was in 1991 that the Santa Cruz massacre happened \u2013 200 unarmed students were killed by Indonesian forces. Taylor also had the same difficulty with sources.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 50], "content_span": [51, 438]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077444-0019-0002", "contents": "1959 Viqueque rebellion, Debates about the origins\nHe only relied on two questionable sources \u2013 an interview by one of the Timorese rebel leaders and an affidavit that was submitted to the United Nations (UN) Secretary-General by a leader of the pro-Indonesian party who claimed that the 1959 Viqueque rebellion was sponsored by the Indonesian government through bribes given to the Timorese. In addition, Taylor also made assumptions about the Indonesian exiles receiving help from the Indonesian Consul.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 50], "content_span": [51, 505]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077444-0019-0003", "contents": "1959 Viqueque rebellion, Debates about the origins\nBy the mid 2000s, East Timor had attained independence, after the 1999 UN-sponsored referendum in 1999 allowed the Timorese to decide if they wanted to continue to be part of Indonesia or be independent. 78.5% of Timorese voted for an independent East Timor. With East Timor opening up to the world, there was greater interest in researching about East Timor's history. It was in this context that Gunn and Gunter created their works which used sources that were different from those used by Jolliffe and Taylor.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 50], "content_span": [51, 563]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077444-0019-0004", "contents": "1959 Viqueque rebellion, Debates about the origins\nGunn and Gunter accessed the Portuguese archives and they also used colonial police documents that were compiled by PIDE agents. An important source that both used was the \u2018memorandum\u2019 by Jose Manuel Duarte in 1968 which was essentially a criticism of the entire Portuguese colonial system. Gunter went one step further by interviewing the East Timorese who witnessed the 1959 Viqueque rebellion. Therefore, Gunn and Gunter used the same sources to give a different perspective about the rebellion but both shifted the debate from the role of the Indonesians to the role of the East Timorese.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 50], "content_span": [51, 643]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077444-0020-0000", "contents": "1959 Viqueque rebellion, Legacy\nAfter the rebellion was crushed, it was largely forgotten by the Portuguese authorities and considered a failure and a tragedy. When East Timor was about to become independent due to a peaceful revolution in Portugal that signaled the end of the fascist regime. There was a group of Timorese who had returned from exile that did not believe that East Timor could survive as an independent country and they did not trust the Portuguese as well.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 31], "content_span": [32, 475]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077444-0020-0001", "contents": "1959 Viqueque rebellion, Legacy\nInstead they favoured Indonesian intervention in East Timor and they formed a new political party called Associacao Popular Democratica Timorense (APODETI) or Timorese Popular Democratic Association. APODETI party members saw the tremendous change that was happening in East Timor as a chance to elevate their historical importance. They began to tell their version of the 1959 Viqueque rebellion but without the Indonesian exiles and promoted some prominent individuals like Antonio Metan. All this was done to portray themselves to the Timorese that they were the first legitimate Timorese political actors, even before the formation of Frente Revolucionaria de Timor Leste Independence (Fretilin) or Revolutionary Front of Independent East Timor and Uniao Democratica Timorense (UDT) or Timorese Democratic Union.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 31], "content_span": [32, 848]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077444-0021-0000", "contents": "1959 Viqueque rebellion, Legacy\nIn 1975, just before the invasion, Fretilin detained some APODETI supporters and after the invasion, Fretilin leaders executed hundreds of detainees, Antonio Metan was one of them. Since then, Antonio Metan's role in the 1959 Viqueque rebellion and his pro-integration stance of 1975 was \u2018retrospectively associated\u2019. Once Indonesia had taken over East Timor, they began to use the 1959 Viqueque rebellion narrative as proof of an early movement for the integration of East Timor with Indonesia. Indonesia attempted to draw this link when in April 1999, militia leader Eurico Guterres, Anotnio Metan's nephew, created the Viqueque militia and they named the group 59/75. By doing so, they concretised the link between the rebellion and the pro-Indonesia side.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 31], "content_span": [32, 791]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077444-0022-0000", "contents": "1959 Viqueque rebellion, Legacy\nHowever, when East Timor became fully independent in 2002 after an election which was won by Fretilin, they began to emphasize on East Timor's nationalist character and 450-year resistance to colonial rule. Fretilin associated themselves with other rebellions that had happened in East Timor's history, including the 1959 Viqueque rebellion. Hence, by doing so, Fretilin is also linking the 1959 rebellion to them by saying that they are the natural leaders of East Timor's roads towards independence.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 31], "content_span": [32, 533]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077444-0023-0000", "contents": "1959 Viqueque rebellion, Legacy\nThe 1959 Viqueque rebellion has been appropriated by both APODETI and Fretilin for political reasons and by doing so they have taken the rebellion out of its context. The rebellion had nothing to do with integrating with Indonesia, nor was the rebellion nationalist in character as claimed by Fretilin. Essentially, the rebellion was the result of apathy and mismanagement by the Portuguese in the post-war era that resulted in a harsh living environment that proved too much for the East Timorese. They were assisted by the fourteen Indonesian exiles that happened to be in East Timor at that time.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 31], "content_span": [32, 631]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077445-0000-0000", "contents": "1959 Virginia Cavaliers football team\nThe 1959 Virginia Cavaliers football team represented the University of Virginia during the 1959 NCAA University Division football season. The Cavaliers were led by second-year head coach Dick Voris and played their home games at Scott Stadium in Charlottesville, Virginia. They competed as members of the Atlantic Coast Conference, finishing in last. Virginia finished without a win and extended their losing streak to 18 games.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [37, 37], "content_span": [38, 467]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077446-0000-0000", "contents": "1959 Volta a Catalunya\nThe 1959 Volta a Catalunya was the 39th edition of the Volta a Catalunya cycle race and was held from 6 September to 13 September 1959. The race started in Montju\u00efc and finished in Barcelona. The race was won by Salvador Botella.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [22, 22], "content_span": [23, 252]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077447-0000-0000", "contents": "1959 Vuelta a Espa\u00f1a\nThe 14th Vuelta a Espa\u00f1a (Tour of Spain), a long-distance bicycle stage race and one of the three grand tours, was held from 24 April to 10 May 1959. It consisted of 17 stages covering a total of 3,048\u00a0km (1,894\u00a0mi), and was won by Antonio Su\u00e1rez. Su\u00e1rez also won the mountains classification while Rik Van Looy won the points classification.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [20, 20], "content_span": [21, 363]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077448-0000-0000", "contents": "1959 WANFL season\nThe 1959 WANFL season was the 75th season of senior football in Perth, Western Australia.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [17, 17], "content_span": [18, 107]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077449-0000-0000", "contents": "1959 Wake Forest Demon Deacons football team\nThe 1959 Wake Forest Demon Deacons football team was an American football team that represented Wake Forest University during the 1959 NCAA University Division football season. In their fourth season under head coach Paul Amen, the Demon Deacons compiled a 6\u20134 record and finished in a tie for fourth place in the Atlantic Coast Conference.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [44, 44], "content_span": [45, 385]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077449-0001-0000", "contents": "1959 Wake Forest Demon Deacons football team\nQuarterback Norm Snead and end Pete Manning were selected by the Associated Press and United Press International as first-team players on the 1959 All-Atlantic Coast Conference football team. Snead later played 16 seasons in the NFL and was a four-time All-Pro selection. Guard Nick Patella was selected to the All-ACC team by the UPI.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [44, 44], "content_span": [45, 380]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077450-0000-0000", "contents": "1959 Walker Cup\nThe 1959 Walker Cup, the 17th Walker Cup Match, was played on 15 and 16 May 1959, at Muirfield, Gullane, East Lothian, Scotland. The United States won by 9 matches to 3. The United States won all four of the foursomes matches on the first day. Although Great Britain and Ireland won three of the singles matches on the second day, it was a comfortable win for the United States.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 15], "section_span": [15, 15], "content_span": [16, 394]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077450-0001-0000", "contents": "1959 Walker Cup, Format\nFour 36-hole matches of foursomes were played on Friday and eight singles matches on Saturday. Each of the 12 matches was worth one point in the larger team competition. If a match was all square after the 36th hole extra holes were not played. The team with most points won the competition. If the two teams were tied, the previous winner would retain the trophy.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 15], "section_span": [17, 23], "content_span": [24, 388]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077450-0002-0000", "contents": "1959 Walker Cup, Teams\nGreat Britain & Ireland had a team of 10 plus a non-playing captain. Gerald Micklem was selected as the non-playing captain in November 1958 at which time an initial group of 14 possible players was also announced. The team was announced on 15 April and included James Walker with Dickson Smith as the reserve. Later in April Walker withdrew after being involved in a car accident which left him with a knee injury. He was replaced in the team by Smith. A few days later Alan Thirlwell and Sandy Saddler were chosen as first and second reserves but were not required.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 15], "section_span": [17, 22], "content_span": [23, 590]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077450-0003-0000", "contents": "1959 Walker Cup, Teams\nThe United States only selected a team of 9, which included a playing captain. The team was selected in early February. The American team arrived in Scotland on 8 May.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 15], "section_span": [17, 22], "content_span": [23, 190]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077450-0004-0000", "contents": "1959 Walker Cup, Friday's foursomes\nDeane Beman was left out of the United States team, while David Marsh and Dickson Smith were left out of British and Irish team. After the morning round Patton and Coe were 9 holes up but the other three matches were close, with Hyndman and Aaron 2 holes up and Great Britain and Ireland leading by 1 hole in the other two matches, Conditions were more difficult in the afternoon, with a stronger breeze. Patton and Coe won their match easily but the other three matches remained close. In the end, however, the United States won the first two matches by one hole while Wettlaufer and Nicklaus won at the 35th hole.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 15], "section_span": [17, 35], "content_span": [36, 651]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077450-0005-0000", "contents": "1959 Walker Cup, Saturday's singles\nFor the singles Dickson Smith replaced Arthur Perowne while Deane Beman replaced Bud Taylor. This meant that David Marsh was not selected for any matches.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 15], "section_span": [17, 35], "content_span": [36, 190]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077451-0000-0000", "contents": "1959 Wallis and Futuna status referendum\nThis is the current revision of this page, as edited by Monkbot (talk | contribs) at 20:08, 5 January 2020 (\u2192\u200etop: Task 15:  language icon template(s) replaced (1\u00d7);). The present address (URL) is a permanent link to this version.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [40, 40], "content_span": [41, 271]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077451-0001-0000", "contents": "1959 Wallis and Futuna status referendum\nA referendum on becoming an overseas territory was held in Wallis and Futuna on 27 December 1959. The proposal was approved by 94.37% of voters. Every voter on Wallis voted in favour, whilst all but three of the votes against the proposal were cast in the Futuna Islands. (There were expatriates who voted while in New Caledonia and the New Hebrides.)", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [40, 40], "content_span": [41, 392]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077451-0002-0000", "contents": "1959 Wallis and Futuna status referendum\nThe islands were and have continued to be part of France. At the time, they were a French protectorate. A year and a half after the referendum \u2014 on 29 July 1961, the islands officially became an overseas territory. They have since changed status again, becoming an overseas collectivity in 2003.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [40, 40], "content_span": [41, 336]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077451-0003-0000", "contents": "1959 Wallis and Futuna status referendum, Results\nDo you want the Wallis and Futuna Islands to become an integral part of the French Republic as an overseas territory?", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [42, 49], "content_span": [50, 167]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077451-0004-0000", "contents": "1959 Wallis and Futuna status referendum, Results\n(Original: D\u00e9sirez-vous que les \u00eeles Wallis et Futuna fassent partie int\u00e9grante de la R\u00e9publique fran\u00e7aise sous la forme d'un territoire d'outre-mer\u00a0?)", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [42, 49], "content_span": [50, 201]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077452-0000-0000", "contents": "1959 Washington Huskies football team\nThe 1959 Washington Huskies football team represented the University of Washington during the 1959 NCAA University Division football season. Home games were played on campus in Seattle at Husky Stadium.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [37, 37], "content_span": [38, 240]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077452-0001-0000", "contents": "1959 Washington Huskies football team\nIn its third season under head coach Jim Owens, Washington was 9\u20131 in the regular season and 3\u20131 in the Athletic Association of Western Universities, one of three co-champions of the five-team AAWU (Big\u00a0Five) in its inaugural year. The Pacific Coast Conference (PCC) had disbanded in the spring, and the AAWU consisted of the four teams from state of California and the Huskies. The other four PCC teams from the north (Oregon, Oregon State, Washington State, and Idaho) were independent for several years. (Washington defeated all four this season.) The Cougars joined the league in 1962 and the Oregon schools in 1964; it was later renamed the Pacific-8 Conference.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [37, 37], "content_span": [38, 705]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077452-0002-0000", "contents": "1959 Washington Huskies football team\nLed on the field by junior All-American quarterback Bob Schloredt, the Huskies started the season unranked and gained the Rose Bowl berth. Eighth-ranked, they were a 6\u00bd-point underdog to the #6 Wisconsin Badgers (7\u20132), the champions of the Big Ten. On New Year's Day in Pasadena, Washington jumped out to a 17\u20130 lead in the first quarter and won in a 44\u20138 rout to finish the season at\u00a010\u20131. The\u00a0Rose Bowl victory was the first for a West Coast team in seven years, and only the second since the end of World War II; the loser both times was\u00a0Wisconsin.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [37, 37], "content_span": [38, 589]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077452-0003-0000", "contents": "1959 Washington Huskies football team\nWashington outscored its opponents 253\u00a0to\u00a073, and outside the sole loss to USC, they allowed no more than twelve points in each of their other ten games, with four shutouts. The final rankings in this era were released in early December, at the end of the regular season and prior to the bowl games.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [37, 37], "content_span": [38, 337]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077452-0004-0000", "contents": "1959 Washington Huskies football team, Professional football draft selections\nNo University of Washington Huskies were selected in the 1960 NFL Draft, which lasted twenty rounds with 240 selections. or in the inaugural 1960 AFL Draft, which lasted thirty-three rounds with 264 selections.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [39, 77], "content_span": [78, 288]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077453-0000-0000", "contents": "1959 Washington Redskins season\nThe 1959 Washington Redskins season was the franchise's 28th season in the National Football League  The team failed to improve on their 4\u20137\u20131 record from 1958 and finished 3-9.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [31, 31], "content_span": [32, 209]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077453-0001-0000", "contents": "1959 Washington Redskins season, Regular season, Standings\nNote: Tie games were not officially counted in the standings until 1972.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 58], "content_span": [59, 131]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077454-0000-0000", "contents": "1959 Washington Senators season\nThe 1959 Washington Senators won 63 games, lost 91, and finished in eighth place in the American League, 31 games behind the AL Champion Chicago White Sox in their penultimate season in The Nation's Capital. They were managed by Cookie Lavagetto and played home games at Griffith Stadium.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [31, 31], "content_span": [32, 320]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077454-0001-0000", "contents": "1959 Washington Senators season, Regular season\nOn September 7, Ron Samford hit a home run in the last at bat of his career.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 47], "content_span": [48, 124]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077454-0002-0000", "contents": "1959 Washington Senators season, Player stats, Batting, Starters by position\nNote: Pos = Position; G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 76], "content_span": [77, 201]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077454-0003-0000", "contents": "1959 Washington Senators season, Player stats, Batting, Other batters\nNote: G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 69], "content_span": [70, 178]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077454-0004-0000", "contents": "1959 Washington Senators season, Player stats, Pitching, Starting pitchers\nNote: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 74], "content_span": [75, 185]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077454-0005-0000", "contents": "1959 Washington Senators season, Player stats, Pitching, Other pitchers\nNote: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 71], "content_span": [72, 182]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077454-0006-0000", "contents": "1959 Washington Senators season, Player stats, Pitching, Relief pitchers\nNote: G = Games pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; SV = Saves; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 72], "content_span": [73, 173]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077455-0000-0000", "contents": "1959 Washington State Cougars football team\nThe 1959 Washington State Cougars football team was an American football team that represented Washington State University as an independent during the 1959 NCAA University Division football season. In their fourth season under head coach Jim Sutherland, the Cougars compiled a 6\u20134 record and outscored their opponents 177\u00a0to\u00a0121.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 43], "section_span": [43, 43], "content_span": [44, 374]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077455-0001-0000", "contents": "1959 Washington State Cougars football team\nThe team's statistical leaders included Mel Melin with 526 passing yards, Keith Lincoln with 670 rushing yards, and Gail Cogdill with 531 receiving yards. The Cougars had only three home games this season: one in Spokane and two on campus in\u00a0Pullman.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 43], "section_span": [43, 43], "content_span": [44, 294]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077455-0002-0000", "contents": "1959 Washington State Cougars football team\nThis was the first season after the disbandment of the Pacific Coast Conference, and the first as \"Washington State University.\" After three years as an independent, WSU became the sixth member of the AAWU in\u00a01962.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 43], "section_span": [43, 43], "content_span": [44, 258]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077455-0003-0000", "contents": "1959 Washington State Cougars football team, NFL Draft\nTwo Cougars were selected in the 1960 NFL Draft, which was twenty rounds (240 selections).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 43], "section_span": [45, 54], "content_span": [55, 145]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077456-0000-0000", "contents": "1959 Waterford Senior Hurling Championship\nThe 1959 Waterford Senior Hurling Championship was the 59th staging of the Waterford Senior Hurling Championship since its establishment by the Waterford County Board in 1897.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 42], "section_span": [42, 42], "content_span": [43, 218]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077456-0001-0000", "contents": "1959 Waterford Senior Hurling Championship\nOn 7 February 1960, Mount Sion won the championship after a 5-05 to 5-04 defeat of Erin's Own in the final. This was their 15th championship title overall and their seventh title in succession.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 42], "section_span": [42, 42], "content_span": [43, 236]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077457-0000-0000", "contents": "1959 Wellington City mayoral election\nThe 1959 Wellington City mayoral election was part of the New Zealand local elections held that same year. In 1959, elections were held for the Mayor of Wellington plus other local government positions including fifteen city councillors. The polling was conducted using the standard first-past-the-post electoral method.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [37, 37], "content_span": [38, 358]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077457-0001-0000", "contents": "1959 Wellington City mayoral election, Background\nThe right-leaning Citizens' Association ticket spent the three years since the last election resolving their candidate selection controversy with the intention of re-uniting themselves and their supporters to win back the mayoralty. Ernest Toop was once again chosen to contest the position. Despite having a clean run this time he was unable to defeat Labour's popular Frank Kitts.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [39, 49], "content_span": [50, 432]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077457-0002-0000", "contents": "1959 Wellington City mayoral election, Background\nThe election also saw the debut of a new local body ticket. The Independent United Action Group stood ten council candidates under the leadership of Saul Goldsmith, though all polled poorly. It was the first time a separate ticket had been set up to challenge the long dominant Citizens' and Labour tickets.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [39, 49], "content_span": [50, 357]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077458-0000-0000", "contents": "1959 West German presidential election\nAn indirect presidential election (officially the 3rd Federal Convention) was held in West Germany on 1 July 1959. For the first time in the Federal Republic, the incumbent president, Theodor Heuss, was not eligible for reelection. In the buildup to the election, Chancellor Konrad Adenauer initially declared his candidacy, but then withdrew for political reasons. The Christian Democratic Union instead nominated Heinrich L\u00fcbke. The Social Democrats nominated Carlo Schmid who had been the party's caucus chair at the Parliamentary Council. The Free Democratic Party nominated the chair of its Bundestag caucus, Max Becker. Like the first contested presidential election ten years prior, it took two rounds to determine a winner. Heinrich L\u00fcbke fell two vote short of the absolute majority in the first round, winning the election with 526 votes in the second.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [38, 38], "content_span": [39, 901]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077458-0001-0000", "contents": "1959 West German presidential election, Composition of the Federal Convention\nThe President is elected by the Federal Convention consisting of all the members of the Bundestag and an equal number of delegates representing the states. These are divided proportionally by population to each state, and each state's delegation is divided among the political parties represented in its parliament so as to reflect the partisan proportions in the parliament.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 77], "content_span": [78, 453]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077458-0002-0000", "contents": "1959 West German presidential election, Composition of the Federal Convention\nSource: Eine Dokumentation aus Anlass der Wahl des Bundespr\u00e4sidenten am 18. M\u00e4rz 2012", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 77], "content_span": [78, 163]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077459-0000-0000", "contents": "1959 West Virginia Mountaineers football team\nThe 1959 West Virginia Mountaineers football team represented West Virginia University during the 1959 NCAA University Division football season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 45], "section_span": [45, 45], "content_span": [46, 190]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077460-0000-0000", "contents": "1959 Western Australian state election\nElections were held in the state of Western Australia on 21 March 1959 to elect all 50 members to the Legislative Assembly. The result was a hung parliament\u2014the two-term Labor government, led by Premier Albert Hawke, was defeated with an average swing against it of about 7 per cent, but the Liberal-Country Party coalition, led by Opposition Leader David Brand, won exactly half of the seats, and needed the support of at least one of the two Independent Liberal members to obtain a majority in the Assembly. The situation remained precarious throughout the term\u2014while Bill Grayden joined the LCL the following year, giving the Coalition a one-seat majority, the other Independent Liberal, Edward Oldfield, joined the Labor Party.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [38, 38], "content_span": [39, 770]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077460-0001-0000", "contents": "1959 Western Australian state election, Results\nWestern Australian state election, 21 March 1959Legislative Assembly << 1956\u20131962 >>", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 47], "content_span": [48, 132]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077461-0000-0000", "contents": "1959 Western Michigan Broncos baseball team\nThe 1959 Western Michigan Broncos baseball team represented Western Michigan University in the 1959 NCAA University Division baseball season. The Broncos played their home games at Hyames Field. The team was coached by Charlie Maher in his 21st year at Western Michigan.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 43], "section_span": [43, 43], "content_span": [44, 314]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077461-0001-0000", "contents": "1959 Western Michigan Broncos baseball team\nThe Broncos won the District IV playoff to advanced to the College World Series, where they were defeated by the Fresno State Bulldogs.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 43], "section_span": [43, 43], "content_span": [44, 179]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077462-0000-0000", "contents": "1959 Western Michigan Broncos football team\nThe 1959 Western Michigan Broncos football team represented Western Michigan University in the Mid-American Conference (MAC) during the 1959 NCAA University Division football season. In their third season under head coach Merle Schlosser, the Broncos compiled a 4\u20135 record (3\u20133 against MAC opponents), finished in fifth place in the MAC, and outscored their opponents, 185 to 116. The team played its home games at Waldo Stadium in Kalamazoo, Michigan.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 43], "section_span": [43, 43], "content_span": [44, 496]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077462-0001-0000", "contents": "1959 Western Michigan Broncos football team\nGuard Dick Olmsted was the team captain. Offensive guard Clarence Cheatham received the team's most outstanding player award.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 43], "section_span": [43, 43], "content_span": [44, 169]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077463-0000-0000", "contents": "1959 Western North Carolina 500\nThe 1959 Western North Carolina 500 was a NASCAR Grand National Series event that was held on August 16, 1959, at Asheville-Weaverville Speedway in Weaverville, North Carolina. This event took place after the 1959 Nashville 300; which was set at Nashville Speedway (now Fairgrounds Speedway) in Nashville, Tennessee.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [31, 31], "content_span": [32, 348]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077463-0001-0000", "contents": "1959 Western North Carolina 500\nFrom 1949 to 1972, Richard and Lee Petty were the most dominant drivers on any circuit in NASCAR. David Pearson was easily the third most dominant NASCAR driver. Buck Baker and Rex White were considered to be the middle-of-the road competitors in NASCAR from 1949 to 1972. Fonty and Tim Flock along with Herb Thomas, Joe Weatherly, Ned Jarrett, and Bobby Isaac were considered to be below-average performers during the early years of NASCAR.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [31, 31], "content_span": [32, 473]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077463-0002-0000", "contents": "1959 Western North Carolina 500\nThe race car drivers still had to commute to the races using the same stock cars that competed in a typical weekend's race through a policy of homologation (and under their own power). This policy was in effect until roughly 1975. By 1980, NASCAR had completely stopped tracking the year model of all the vehicles and most teams did not take stock cars to the track under their own power any more.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [31, 31], "content_span": [32, 429]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077463-0003-0000", "contents": "1959 Western North Carolina 500, Race report\nThere were 42 American-born drivers who competed at this event; all of them were Caucasian males since Wendell Scott didn't make his introduction into NASCAR until the next decade. There were 500 laps on this race that took almost three and a half hours to resolve. Brownie King was the last-place finisher in this race due to trouble with his fan belt on lap 44.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 44], "content_span": [45, 408]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077463-0004-0000", "contents": "1959 Western North Carolina 500, Race report\nA lot of engine problems emerged within the first 100 laps in addition to faulty spindles, decaying axles, and one crash involving Richard Petty on the 281st lap. While Rex White would zoom into the pole position driving at speeds up to 77.687 miles per hour (125.025\u00a0km/h) during solo qualifying runs, Bob Welborn in a 1959 Chevrolet convertible would defeat Lee Petty in a 1959 Plymouth hardtop vehicle by three laps averaging speeds up to 71.633 miles per hour (115.282\u00a0km/h). Welborn would go winless after this race until he retired after the running of the 1964 Pennsylvania 200 in New Oxford, Pennsylvania.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 44], "content_span": [45, 658]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077463-0005-0000", "contents": "1959 Western North Carolina 500, Race report\nA lot of Chevrolets, Thunderbirds, and Ford vehicles participated in this race. These vehicles were considered to be the quintessential vehicles own during the late 1950s and early 1960s. The only problems with fuel occurred when G.C. Spencer ran out of gas on lap 463. Bill Scott and Dominic Persicketti were the typical example of maverick stock car drivers who drove during the days when it was affordable for the daring to go without a sponsor. All the inside starters were hardtops while all the outside starters were convertibles.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 44], "content_span": [45, 581]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077463-0006-0000", "contents": "1959 Western North Carolina 500, Race report\nBenny Rakestraw would make his grand exit from top-level NASCAR racing after this event while Chuck Tombs and Layman Utsman would make their introductions here.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 44], "content_span": [45, 205]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077463-0007-0000", "contents": "1959 Western North Carolina 500, Race report\nNotable crew chiefs for this race were Shorty Johns, Mario Rossi and Jess Potter. Potter was also the owner of Brownie King's vehicle while Rossi took care of Tom Pistone's vehicle while in the pits. Shorty Johns was also listed as the owner of Bobby Johns' vehicle.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 44], "content_span": [45, 311]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077464-0000-0000", "contents": "1959 Whitehaven by-election\nThe Whitehaven by-election of 18 June 1959 was held after the death of Labour Member of Parliament (MP) Frank Anderson on 25 April the same year. The seat was retained by Labour.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [27, 27], "content_span": [28, 206]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077465-0000-0000", "contents": "1959 Wichita Shockers football team\nThe 1959 Wichita Shockers football team, sometimes known as the Wheatshockers, was an American football team that represented Wichita  University (now known as Wichita State University) as a member of the Missouri Valley Conference during the 1959 NCAA University Division football season. In its third and final season under head coach Woody Woodard, the team compiled a 5\u20134\u20131 record (1\u20132\u20131 against conference opponents), finished in fourth place out of five teams in the MVC, and outscored opponents by a total of 181 to 161. The team played its home games at Veterans Field, now known as Cessna Stadium.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [35, 35], "content_span": [36, 642]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077466-0000-0000", "contents": "1959 Wightman Cup\nThe 1959 Wightman Cup was the 31st edition of the annual women's team tennis competition between the United States and Great Britain. It was held in Edgeworth, Pennsylvania in the United States.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [17, 17], "content_span": [18, 212]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077467-0000-0000", "contents": "1959 William & Mary Indians football team\nThe 1959 William & Mary Indians football team represented William & Mary during the 1959 NCAA University Division football season. The September 26th contest against the #13 Naval Academy marked the inaugural game in the brand new Navy\u2013Marine Corps Memorial Stadium, which replaced Thompson Stadium as the location for all of Navy's future home games. William & Mary lost the game, 2\u201329.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 41], "section_span": [41, 41], "content_span": [42, 429]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077468-0000-0000", "contents": "1959 Wimbledon Championships\nThe 1959 Wimbledon Championships took place on the outdoor grass courts at the All England Lawn Tennis and Croquet Club in Wimbledon, London, United Kingdom. The tournament was held from Monday 22 June until Saturday 4 July 1959. It was the 73rd staging of the Wimbledon Championships, and the third Grand Slam tennis event of 1959.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [28, 28], "content_span": [29, 361]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077468-0001-0000", "contents": "1959 Wimbledon Championships, Champions, Seniors, Men's Doubles\nRoy Emerson /  Neale Fraser defeated  Rod Laver /  Bob Mark, 8\u20136, 6\u20133, 14\u201316, 9\u20137", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 63], "content_span": [64, 145]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077468-0002-0000", "contents": "1959 Wimbledon Championships, Champions, Seniors, Women's Doubles\nJeanne Arth /  Darlene Hard defeated  Beverly Fleitz /  Christine Truman, 2\u20136, 6\u20132, 6\u20133", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 65], "content_span": [66, 153]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077468-0003-0000", "contents": "1959 Wimbledon Championships, Champions, Seniors, Mixed Doubles\nRod Laver /  Darlene Hard defeated  Neale Fraser /  Maria Bueno, 6\u20134, 6\u20133", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 63], "content_span": [64, 137]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077469-0000-0000", "contents": "1959 Wimbledon Championships \u2013 Boys' Singles\nToomas Leius defeated Ronnie Barnes in the final, 6\u20132, 6\u20134 to win the Boys' Singles tennis title at the 1959 Wimbledon Championships.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [44, 44], "content_span": [45, 178]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077470-0000-0000", "contents": "1959 Wimbledon Championships \u2013 Girls' Singles\nJoan Cross defeated Doris Schuster in the final, 6\u20131, 6\u20131 to win the Girls' Singles tennis title at the 1959 Wimbledon Championships.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 45], "section_span": [45, 45], "content_span": [46, 179]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077471-0000-0000", "contents": "1959 Wimbledon Championships \u2013 Men's Doubles\nSven Davidson and Ulf Schmidt were the defending champions, but decided not to play together. Davidson partnered with Staffan Stockenberg but lost in the first round to Jean-No\u00ebl Grinda and Jean-Claude Molinari. Schmidt competed with Jan-Erik Lundqvist but lost in the first round to Roger Becker and Bob Howe.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [44, 44], "content_span": [45, 355]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077471-0001-0000", "contents": "1959 Wimbledon Championships \u2013 Men's Doubles\nRoy Emerson and Neale Fraser defeated Rod Laver and Bob Mark in the final, 8\u20136, 6\u20133, 14\u201316, 9\u20137 to win the Gentlemen' Doubles tennis title at the 1959 Wimbledon Championship.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [44, 44], "content_span": [45, 219]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077471-0002-0000", "contents": "1959 Wimbledon Championships \u2013 Men's Doubles, Seeds\nClick on the seed number of a player to go to their draw section.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [46, 51], "content_span": [52, 117]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077472-0000-0000", "contents": "1959 Wimbledon Championships \u2013 Men's Singles\nAlex Olmedo defeated Rod Laver in the final, 6\u20134, 6\u20133, 6\u20134, to win the Gentlemen's Singles tennis title at the 1959 Wimbledon Championships. Ashley Cooper was the defending champion, but was ineligible to compete after turning professional.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [44, 44], "content_span": [45, 285]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077472-0001-0000", "contents": "1959 Wimbledon Championships \u2013 Men's Singles, Seeds\nClick on the seed number of a player to go to their draw section.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [46, 51], "content_span": [52, 117]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077473-0000-0000", "contents": "1959 Wimbledon Championships \u2013 Mixed Doubles\nBob Howe and Lorraine Coghlan were the defending champions, but Coghlan did not compete. Howe partnered with Sally Moore but lost in the quarterfinals to Bob Mark and Jeanne Arth.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [44, 44], "content_span": [45, 224]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077473-0001-0000", "contents": "1959 Wimbledon Championships \u2013 Mixed Doubles\nRod Laver and Darlene Hard defeated Neale Fraser and Maria Bueno in the final, 6\u20134, 6\u20133 to win the Mixed Doubles tennis title at the 1959 Wimbledon Championships.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [44, 44], "content_span": [45, 207]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077473-0002-0000", "contents": "1959 Wimbledon Championships \u2013 Mixed Doubles, Seeds\nClick on the seed number of a player to go to their draw section.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [46, 51], "content_span": [52, 117]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077474-0000-0000", "contents": "1959 Wimbledon Championships \u2013 Women's Doubles\nMaria Bueno and Althea Gibson were the defending champions, but Gibson was ineligible to compete after turning professional. Bueno partnered with Janet Hopps but lost in the first round to Beverly Fleitz and Christine Truman.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 46], "section_span": [46, 46], "content_span": [47, 272]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077474-0001-0000", "contents": "1959 Wimbledon Championships \u2013 Women's Doubles\nJeanne Arth and Darlene Hard defeated Fleitz and Truman in the final, 2\u20136, 6\u20132, 6\u20133 to win the Ladies' Doubles tennis title at the 1959 Wimbledon Championships.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 46], "section_span": [46, 46], "content_span": [47, 207]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077474-0002-0000", "contents": "1959 Wimbledon Championships \u2013 Women's Doubles, Seeds\nClick on the seed number of a player to go to their draw section.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 46], "section_span": [48, 53], "content_span": [54, 119]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077475-0000-0000", "contents": "1959 Wimbledon Championships \u2013 Women's Singles\nSixth-seeded Maria Bueno defeated Darlene Hard in the final, 6\u20134, 6\u20133 to win the Ladies' Singles tennis title at the 1959 Wimbledon Championships. Althea Gibson was the reigning champion, but was ineligible to compete after turning professional.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 46], "section_span": [46, 46], "content_span": [47, 292]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077475-0001-0000", "contents": "1959 Wimbledon Championships \u2013 Women's Singles, Seeds\nClick on the seed number of a player to go to their draw section.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 46], "section_span": [48, 53], "content_span": [54, 119]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077476-0000-0000", "contents": "1959 Winnipeg Blue Bombers season\nThe 1959 Winnipeg Blue Bombers finished in 1st place in the WIFU division with a 12\u20134 record. The Blue Bombers repeated as Grey Cup champions, having defeated the Hamilton Tiger-Cats once again to win the 47th Grey Cup.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [33, 33], "content_span": [34, 253]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077476-0001-0000", "contents": "1959 Winnipeg Blue Bombers season, Regular season, Schedule\n1 Actual game was won by Saskatchewan 37\u201330 but was immediately forfeited under CFL rules; the Roughriders had no healthy quarterback and resorted to suiting up their coach, Frank Trupicka, who as an American national was ineligible to be added to the roster at such a late date in the season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 59], "content_span": [60, 353]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077477-0000-0000", "contents": "1959 Wisconsin Badgers football team\nThe 1959 Wisconsin Badgers football team was an American football team that represented the University of Wisconsin in the 1959 Big Ten Conference football season. In its fourth season under head coach Milt Bruhn, Wisconsin compiled a 7\u20133 record (5\u20132 in Big Ten, first), won the Big Ten championship, but lost to underdog Washington in the Rose Bowl on New Year's Day.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [36, 36], "content_span": [37, 405]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077478-0000-0000", "contents": "1959 Women's British Open Squash Championship\nThe 1959 Ladies Open Championships was held at the Lansdowne Club in London from 20\u201326 February 1956. Janet Morgan announced that she was to retire on medical advice after the 1959 Championship; she duly won an incredible tenth consecutive title defeating Sheila Macintosh (n\u00e9e Speight) for the fourth successive year in the final. Later in the year Morgan retired and married becoming Janet Bisley and the following year Macintosh would finally have the chance to compete without having to play Morgan.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 45], "section_span": [45, 45], "content_span": [46, 549]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077479-0000-0000", "contents": "1959 Women's Western Open\nThe 1959 Women's Western Open was contested from August 13\u201316 at Ranier Golf & Country Club. It was the 30th edition of the Women's Western Open.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [25, 25], "content_span": [26, 171]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077480-0000-0000", "contents": "1959 World Archery Championships\nThe 1959 World Archery Championships was the 20th edition of the World Archery Championships. The event was held in Stockholm, Sweden in August 1959 and was organised by World Archery Federation (FITA). It marked the first win in a run of 13 successive championship wins for the United States men's team.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [32, 32], "content_span": [33, 337]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077481-0000-0000", "contents": "1959 World Fencing Championships\nThe 1959 World Fencing Championships were held in Budapest, Hungary.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [32, 32], "content_span": [33, 101]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077482-0000-0000", "contents": "1959 World Figure Skating Championships\nThe World Figure Skating Championships is an annual figure skating competition sanctioned by the International Skating Union in which figure skaters compete for the title of World Champion.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [39, 39], "content_span": [40, 229]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077482-0001-0000", "contents": "1959 World Figure Skating Championships\nThe 1959 competitions for men, ladies, pair skating, and ice dancing took place in Colorado Springs, Colorado, USA.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [39, 39], "content_span": [40, 155]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077483-0000-0000", "contents": "1959 World Modern Pentathlon Championships\nThe 1959 World Modern Pentathlon Championships were held in Hershey, United States.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 42], "section_span": [42, 42], "content_span": [43, 126]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077484-0000-0000", "contents": "1959 World Series\nThe 1959 World Series featured the National League champion Los Angeles Dodgers beating the American League champion Chicago White Sox,  4\u20132. Each of the three games played at the Los Angeles Memorial Coliseum drew record crowds, Game 5's attendance of 92,706 continues to be a World Series record to this day, and one which cannot feasibly be broken in any modern ballpark.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [17, 17], "content_span": [18, 392]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077484-0001-0000", "contents": "1959 World Series\nIt was the first pennant for the White Sox in 40 years (since the 1919 Black Sox Scandal). They would have to wait until their world championship season of 2005 to win another pennant. The Dodgers won their first pennant since moving from Brooklyn in 1958 by defeating the Milwaukee Braves, 2\u20130, in a best-of-three-games pennant playoff. It was the Dodgers' second World Series victory in five years, their first in Los Angeles, and marked the first championship for a West Coast team.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [17, 17], "content_span": [18, 503]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077484-0002-0000", "contents": "1959 World Series\nIt was the first World Series in which no pitcher for either side pitched a complete game.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [17, 17], "content_span": [18, 108]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077484-0003-0000", "contents": "1959 World Series\nAs Vin Scully remarked in his narration for the official World Series film, \"What a change of scenery!\" This was the only Fall Classic played during the period from 1949 through 1964 in which no games were played in New York City, breaking the streak of the city that documentary filmmaker Ken Burns later called the era's \"Capital of Baseball\".", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [17, 17], "content_span": [18, 363]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077484-0004-0000", "contents": "1959 World Series, Route to the World Series, Dodgers\nAfter finishing seventh in 1958, the Dodgers rebounded in 1959. The National League pennant race was a season-long three-way battle between the Dodgers, the two-time defending N.L. champion Milwaukee Braves and the San Francisco Giants. The Dodgers never led by more than two games (and that was at the end of a tie-breaker) and never trailed by more than five. On September 20, the Dodgers completed a three-game sweep in San Francisco so that, with five games to play, they had a \u200b\u00a01\u20442 game lead on the Braves and a one-game lead over the Giants.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 53], "content_span": [54, 602]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077484-0004-0001", "contents": "1959 World Series, Route to the World Series, Dodgers\nGoing into the final day, the Dodgers and Braves were tied for first and the Giants were \u200b1\u00a01\u20442 games back; the Giants needed to sweep a doubleheader from the Cardinals and have the Dodgers and Braves both lose to force a three-way tie. But the Dodgers won in Chicago 7\u20131 and the Braves won at home against the Phillies 5\u20132; this made the fact that the Giants lost both games of their doubleheader irrelevant.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 53], "content_span": [54, 463]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077484-0005-0000", "contents": "1959 World Series, Route to the World Series, Dodgers\nIn Game 1 of the best-of-three playoff in Milwaukee, the Dodgers took a 3\u20132 lead in the top of the sixth inning. Dodger reliever Larry Sherry then retired 12 of the last 13 Braves hitters to secure the win.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 53], "content_span": [54, 260]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077484-0006-0000", "contents": "1959 World Series, Route to the World Series, Dodgers\nGames 2 and 3 (if necessary) were scheduled for Los Angeles. In Game 2, the Dodgers trailed 5-2 in the ninth inning, but rallied to tie the game with five singles and a sacrifice fly. In the top of the 11th, the Braves loaded the bases with two out, but Stan Williams got pinch hitter Joe Adcock to ground out to end the threat. In the bottom of the 12th, Gil Hodges drew a walk with two out and nobody on. Joe Pignatano singled Hodges to second. Carl Furillo hit a ground ball to shortstop F\u00e9lix Mantilla; Mantilla's throw to first base was in the dirt and skipped past Frank Torre, allowing Hodges to score all the way from second with the pennant-clinching run.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 53], "content_span": [54, 718]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077484-0007-0000", "contents": "1959 World Series, Route to the World Series, White Sox\nManaged by Al L\u00f3pez, the White Sox were built on pitching, speed and defense. Nicknamed the \"Go-go Sox\", they were last in the A.L. in home runs but led the league in stolen bases, fielding percentage, and lowest team ERA. They battled the Cleveland Indians for the American League pennant, and after a close race, the White Sox built a \u200b6\u00a01\u20442 game lead in early September. The Indians could get no closer than \u200b3\u00a01\u20442 games, and when the White Sox beat Cleveland 4\u20132 on September 22, they clinched the pennant with three games to play. The White Sox were only the second team besides the Yankees to win the A.L. pennant between 1949 and 1964 inclusive; the other was the 1954 Indians, also managed by Al L\u00f3pez.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 55], "content_span": [56, 766]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077484-0008-0000", "contents": "1959 World Series, Summary\nNL Los Angeles Dodgers (4) vs. AL Chicago White Sox (2)", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 26], "content_span": [27, 82]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077484-0009-0000", "contents": "1959 World Series, Matchups, Game 1\nHistoric Comiskey Park hosted a crowd of 48,103 that included Hollywood's Joan Crawford and Orson Welles and 1952 and 1956 presidential candidate Adlai Stevenson II in the first championship game in 40 years for the White Sox as well as the first postseason game in Chicago in 14 years. On the pitching mound, Early Wynn of the White Sox faced Roger Craig of the Dodgers. After scoring twice in the first inning on back-to-back RBI singles by Ted Kluszewski and Sherm Lollar after a walk and single, the Sox pounded across seven runs in the third.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 35], "content_span": [36, 583]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077484-0009-0001", "contents": "1959 World Series, Matchups, Game 1\nNellie Fox doubled with one out and scored on Jim Landis's single before Kluszewski's two-run home run knocked Craig out of the game. Lollar reached second on an error off of Chuck Churn and scored on Billy Goodman's single. Then RBI doubles by Al Smith and Early Wynn and fielder's choice by Jim Rivera aided by two more errors made it 9\u20130 White Sox. Ted Kluszewski's second home run of the game off of Churn next inning capped the game's scoring as the Sox routed the Dodgers 11\u20130.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 35], "content_span": [36, 519]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077484-0010-0000", "contents": "1959 World Series, Matchups, Game 2\nGame\u00a02 featured Bob Shaw of the White Sox face Johnny Podres of the Dodgers. Once again, the Sox jumped out to a quick 2\u20130 lead in the first inning on Ted Kluszewski's RBI groundout with runners on first and third followed by Sherm Lollar's RBI single. In the fifth, Charlie Neal homered for the first Dodger run of the series. Chuck Essegian's two-out home run tied the game tied 2\u20132 in the seventh, then after a walk, Neal hit his second home run of the day to put the Dodgers ahead for the first time, 4\u20132.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 35], "content_span": [36, 545]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077484-0010-0001", "contents": "1959 World Series, Matchups, Game 2\nDuring a Sox uprising in the eighth against Larry Sherry, Al Smith doubled to left with two men on, cutting the lead to 4\u20133. However, Sherm Lollar was thrown out by a mile at the plate trying to score due to Wally Moon faking a catch that fooled Lollar. Sherry pitched a perfect ninth to notch a save and give the Dodgers the win.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 35], "content_span": [36, 366]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077484-0011-0000", "contents": "1959 World Series, Matchups, Game 3\nIn contrast to the crowd of 36,528 for the tie-breaker playoff game at the Los Angeles Coliseum, 92,394 showed up for the first World Series game ever played on the West Coast. Dick Donovan faced off against the host team's Don Drysdale in Game\u00a03. Six scoreless innings were thrown by the two, with Donovan giving up only one hit. However, Donovan would load the bases in the seventh inning on two walks and a single before being replaced by Gerry Staley. A single by Carl Furillo scored two runs.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 35], "content_span": [36, 533]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077484-0011-0001", "contents": "1959 World Series, Matchups, Game 3\nDrysdale allowed two singles and Larry Sherry hit a batter to load the bases with no outs in the eighth, but gave up just a run on Al Smith's double play. The Dodgers got that run back in the bottom half when Maury Wills hit a leadoff single off of Gerry Staley and scored on Charlie Neal's double. Sherry shut down the Sox in the ninth as the Dodgers won, 3\u20131 despite being outhit 12\u20135. The White Sox stranded 11 runners and were 0\u2013for\u20137 with them in scoring position.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 35], "content_span": [36, 505]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077484-0012-0000", "contents": "1959 World Series, Matchups, Game 4\nEarly Wynn and Roger Craig faced off against each other once again before a crowd of 92,650. Wynn was knocked out by a four-run Dodger third inning. Wally Moon singled with two outs and scored on Norm Larker's single. Larker, who moved to second on an error, scored on Gil Hodges's single. Hodges moved to third on a Don Demeter single and scored on a passed ball, then John Roseboro's RBI single capped the inning's scoring.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 35], "content_span": [36, 461]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077484-0012-0001", "contents": "1959 World Series, Matchups, Game 4\nThe Sox tied the game in the seventh on Ted Kluszewski's RBI single with two on followed by Sherm Lollar socking a three-run home run, but Gil Hodges blasted one over the fence in the next inning off of Gerry Staley to give the Dodgers a 5\u20134 lead, then Larry Sherry pitched a scoreless ninth to put the Dodgers a win away from the World Series championship.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 35], "content_span": [36, 393]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077484-0013-0000", "contents": "1959 World Series, Matchups, Game 5\nA record-breaking crowd of 92,706 turned out, a majority hoping to celebrate a Los Angeles championship. For the first time in World Series history, however, three pitchers combined for a shutout, as Bob Shaw, Billy Pierce and Dick Donovan quieted the Dodgers and their fans 1\u20130 in Game\u00a05, sending the series back to Chicago. The game's only run scored in the fourth off starter Sandy Koufax, coming when Nellie Fox scored as Lollar grounded into a double play. To date, this remains the largest crowd in World Series history.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 35], "content_span": [36, 562]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077484-0014-0000", "contents": "1959 World Series, Matchups, Game 6\nThe victory in Game\u00a05 gave the Sox hope, heading back home to a \"real ballpark,\" as opposed to L.A.'s converted football stadium. But the change in scenery was no help. Early Wynn started with only two days rest, and after surrendering two runs in the third inning on Duke Snider's home run after a walk, the Dodgers broke open the game with six more in the fourth. Norm Larker hit a leadoff single, moved to second on a sacrifice bunt, and scored on Maury Wills's single. Wills scored on Johnny Podres's double to knock Wynn out of the game.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 35], "content_span": [36, 578]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077484-0014-0001", "contents": "1959 World Series, Matchups, Game 6\nDick Donovan walked Jim Gilliam before allowing a two-run double to Charlie Neal and two-run home run to Wally Moon to make it 8\u20130 Dodgers. Starter Podres was also knocked out in the fourth by Chicago's last gasp, another towering three-run home run by the hottest Sox hitter, Ted Kluszewski, after a walk and hit-by-pitch. In the ninth inning, Chuck Essegian set a World Series record with his second pinch-hit home run of the Series off of Ray Moore, and the Dodgers captured their first championship as a Los Angeles team. Relief pitcher Larry Sherry (who earned the win in relief, finished with a 2\u20130 record on two saves and allowed one run in 12\u200b2\u20443 innings) was voted Most Valuable Player of the Series.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 35], "content_span": [36, 745]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077484-0015-0000", "contents": "1959 World Series, Composite line score\n1959 World Series (4\u20132): Los Angeles Dodgers (N.L.) over Chicago White Sox (A.L.)", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 39], "content_span": [40, 121]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077484-0016-0000", "contents": "1959 World Series, Records and unique  characteristics\nThe Dodgers found an unlikely hero when Chuck Essegian, who hit only one home run in 1959 and had only six in his career to that point, set a World Series record with two pinch-hit home runs.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 54], "content_span": [55, 246]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077484-0017-0000", "contents": "1959 World Series, Records and unique  characteristics\nDue to the best-of-three N.L. playoff, Game\u00a01 was deferred from Wednesday, September 30, to Thursday, October 1. The normal travel days were retained between Games 2 and 3, and Games 5 and 6, resulting in the rare event of a Series with no Saturday game scheduled.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 54], "content_span": [55, 319]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077484-0018-0000", "contents": "1959 World Series, Records and unique  characteristics\nThis was the first World Series to draw more than 400,000 fans.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 54], "content_span": [55, 118]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077484-0019-0000", "contents": "1959 World Series, Records and unique  characteristics\nLarry Sherry of the Dodgers was the fifth consecutive pitcher to win the World Series Most Valuable Player Award (in only the fifth year it was awarded), following Johnny Podres (Brooklyn, 1955), Don Larsen (New York, 1956), Lew Burdette (Milwaukee, 1957), and Bob Turley (New York, 1958). Sherry, who had been born with club feet, finished all four games the Dodgers won, winning two and saving two. His brother Norm was the Dodgers' backup catcher.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 54], "content_span": [55, 505]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077484-0020-0000", "contents": "1959 World Series, Records and unique  characteristics\nAlthough he was not voted MVP, Dodger second baseman Charlie Neal batted .370 for the Series, and his two-homer performance in Game 2 came after Chicago's pitching had held L.A. scoreless for 13 consecutive innings.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 54], "content_span": [55, 270]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077484-0021-0000", "contents": "1959 World Series, Records and unique  characteristics\nTed Kluszewski played for the losing \"Pale Hose\" but still managed to drive in a World Series record-tying ten runs, joining Yogi Berra, who drove in ten in the 1956 World Series. \"Big Klu\" did so in just six games, and his 10 RBIs in the 1959 World Series remain a record for a 6-game World Series, as Berra's 10 RBIs in 1956 came in a 7-game World Series. (However, Bobby Richardson would break the record for RBIs in a World Series, regardless of length, the next year with 12 against the Pittsburgh Pirates in the 1960 World Series.)", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 54], "content_span": [55, 592]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077484-0022-0000", "contents": "1959 World Series, Records and unique  characteristics\nThe Dodgers became the second National League team to win a World Series after relocating (the 1957 Milwaukee Braves being the first).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 54], "content_span": [55, 189]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077484-0023-0000", "contents": "1959 World Series, Records and unique  characteristics\nThe Dodgers became the first team to go from 7th place in one season to World Champion the next.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 54], "content_span": [55, 151]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077484-0024-0000", "contents": "1959 World Series, Records and unique  characteristics\nThe 1959 World Series was the last one for Comiskey Park, and the only one for Los Angeles Memorial Coliseum. The White Sox would move into Guaranteed Rate Field, originally \"New Comiskey\", in 1991; the Dodgers would move into Dodger Stadium in 1962. This was the most recent World Series to host the final World Series games of both its host venues, a \"distinction\" it lost to the 2003 World Series after the original Yankee Stadium closed following the 2008 Major League Baseball season and the Florida Marlins moved out of Sun Life Stadium after the 2011 season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 54], "content_span": [55, 620]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077485-0000-0000", "contents": "1959 World Shotgun Championships\nThe 1959 World Shotgun Championships were held in Cairo, Egypt, the United Arab Republic.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [32, 32], "content_span": [33, 122]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077486-0000-0000", "contents": "1959 World Sportscar Championship\nThe 1959 World Sportscar Championship was the seventh FIA World Sportscar Championship. It was a series for sportscars that ran in many worldwide endurance events. It ran from 21 March 1959 to 5 September 1959, and comprised five races, following the 1000 km Buenos Aires being removed from the calendar, although the race did return in 1960.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [33, 33], "content_span": [34, 376]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077486-0001-0000", "contents": "1959 World Sportscar Championship, Season\nThe championship comprised five qualifying rounds; the 12 Hours of Sebring, the Targa Florio run over 1000\u00a0km, the N\u00fcrburgring 1000 km, the 24 Hours of Le Mans, and the RAC Tourist Trophy run over 6 hours.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 41], "content_span": [42, 247]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077486-0002-0000", "contents": "1959 World Sportscar Championship, Season\nAt the Sebring 12 Hours in Florida, the Scuderia Ferrari scored a 1-2 with Porsche filling the next three places. Aston Martin sent a single DBR1, as a favour to the organisers, in the hands of Salvadori and Shelby but it retired early in the race. Porsche dominated the Targa Florio  winning with the little Porsche 718 RSK whilst 2-3-4 places were filled by other Porsche models. Meanwhile, the works Ferraris all retired. Aston Martin missed the event as back in England, David Brown of Aston Martin had initially ruled against a World Championship challenge, on financial grounds.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 41], "content_span": [42, 626]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077486-0002-0001", "contents": "1959 World Sportscar Championship, Season\nBut, Stirling Moss wangled one DBR1/300 works car to win the N\u00fcrburgring 1000\u00a0km, with Jack Fairman beating the Hill/Gendebien Ferrari by over 40 seconds with the best placed Porsche in fourth. At Le Mans, the Astons of Roy Salvadori/Carroll Shelby and Maurice Trintignant/Paul Fr\u00e8re finished one-two!. The works Ferrari Testa Rossas all retired as did the works Porsches leaving privately entered Ferrari 250GTs to complete the minor placings. So David Brown\u2019s company simply had to field a full three-car team in what had become the title-deciding race, the RAC Tourist Trophy. Despite setting fire to their race leading car during a schedule refuelling stop, the sister car of Shelby/Fairman/Moss took victory and saw Aston Martin become the first British manufacturer ever to win the FIA World Sportscar Championship.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 41], "content_span": [42, 863]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077486-0003-0000", "contents": "1959 World Sportscar Championship, Season results, Championship\n\u2020 - Ferrari declared second due to having the same number of wins, one, and second places, one, as Porsche but having two 3rd-place finishes to Porsche's one.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 63], "content_span": [64, 222]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077486-0004-0000", "contents": "1959 World Sportscar Championship, The cars\nThe following models contributed to the net championship point scores of their respective manufacturers.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 43], "content_span": [44, 148]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077487-0000-0000", "contents": "1959 World Table Tennis Championships\nThe 1959 World Table Tennis Championships were held in Dortmund from March 27 to April 5, 1959.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [37, 37], "content_span": [38, 133]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077488-0000-0000", "contents": "1959 World Table Tennis Championships \u2013 Men's Doubles\nThe 1959 World Table Tennis Championships \u2013 Men's Doubles was the 25th edition of the men's doubles championship. Ichiro Ogimura and Teruo Murakami won the title after defeating Ladislav \u0160t\u00edpek and Ludv\u00edk Vyhnanovsk\u00fd in the final by three sets to two.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 53], "section_span": [53, 53], "content_span": [54, 305]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077489-0000-0000", "contents": "1959 World Table Tennis Championships \u2013 Men's Singles\nThe 1959 World Table Tennis Championships \u2013 Men's Singles was the 25th edition of the men's singles championship.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 53], "section_span": [53, 53], "content_span": [54, 167]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077489-0001-0000", "contents": "1959 World Table Tennis Championships \u2013 Men's Singles\nJung Kuo-tuan defeated Ferenc Sid\u00f3 in the final, winning three sets to one to secure the title.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 53], "section_span": [53, 53], "content_span": [54, 149]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077490-0000-0000", "contents": "1959 World Table Tennis Championships \u2013 Men's Team\nThe 1959 World Table Tennis Championships \u2013 Swaythling Cup (Men's Team) was the 25th edition of the men's team championship.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 50], "section_span": [50, 50], "content_span": [51, 175]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077490-0001-0000", "contents": "1959 World Table Tennis Championships \u2013 Men's Team\nJapan won the gold medal defeating Hungary 5-1 in the final. China and South Vietnam won bronze medals after elimination from the semi final round.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 50], "section_span": [50, 50], "content_span": [51, 198]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077491-0000-0000", "contents": "1959 World Table Tennis Championships \u2013 Mixed Doubles\nThe 1959 World Table Tennis Championships \u2013 Mixed Doubles was the 25th edition of the mixed doubles championship.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 53], "section_span": [53, 53], "content_span": [54, 167]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077491-0001-0000", "contents": "1959 World Table Tennis Championships \u2013 Mixed Doubles\nIchiro Ogimura and Fujie Eguchi defeated Teruo Murakami and Kimiyo Matsuzaki in the final by three sets to nil.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 53], "section_span": [53, 53], "content_span": [54, 165]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077492-0000-0000", "contents": "1959 World Table Tennis Championships \u2013 Women's Doubles\nThe 1959 World Table Tennis Championships \u2013 Women's Doubles was the 24th edition of the women's doubles championship. Taeko Namba and Kazuko Ito-Yamaizumi defeated Fujie Eguchi and Kimiyo Matsuzaki in the final by three sets to nil.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 55], "section_span": [55, 55], "content_span": [56, 288]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077493-0000-0000", "contents": "1959 World Table Tennis Championships \u2013 Women's Singles\nThe 1959 World Table Tennis Championships \u2013 Women's Singles was the 25th edition of the women's singles championship. Kimiyo Matsuzaki defeated Fujie Eguchi in the final by three sets to one, to win the title.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 55], "section_span": [55, 55], "content_span": [56, 265]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077494-0000-0000", "contents": "1959 World Table Tennis Championships \u2013 Women's Team\nThe 1959 World Table Tennis Championships \u2013 Corbillon Cup (Women's Team) was the 18th edition of the women's team championship.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 52], "section_span": [52, 52], "content_span": [53, 180]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077494-0001-0000", "contents": "1959 World Table Tennis Championships \u2013 Women's Team\nJapan won the gold medal, South Korea won the silver medal and China won the bronze medal.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 52], "section_span": [52, 52], "content_span": [53, 143]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077495-0000-0000", "contents": "1959 World Weightlifting Championships\nThe 1959 Men's World Weightlifting Championships were held in Warsaw, Poland from September 29 to October 4, 1959. There were 85 men in action from 19 nations.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [38, 38], "content_span": [39, 198]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077495-0001-0000", "contents": "1959 World Weightlifting Championships\nThe Soviet Union earned the most gold medals (4) and the most overall medals (7). Host nation Poland finished second with one gold and five overall medals.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [38, 38], "content_span": [39, 194]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077495-0002-0000", "contents": "1959 World Weightlifting Championships\nFour World Records were broken: in 82.5\u00a0kg category, Rudolf Plyukfelder of the Soviet Union set two new world records in the snatch (141\u00a0kg) and the total (457.5\u00a0kg), while Ireneusz Pali\u0144ski of Poland set a new world record in the clean & jerk (178.5\u00a0kg). Plyukfelder's total would have also won the 90\u00a0kg category.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [38, 38], "content_span": [39, 354]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077495-0003-0000", "contents": "1959 World Weightlifting Championships\nIn the 90+\u00a0kg category, Yury Vlasov of the Soviet Union broke the world record in the snatch (153\u00a0kg).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [38, 38], "content_span": [39, 141]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077496-0000-0000", "contents": "1959 World Wrestling Championships\nThe 1959 World Freestyle Wrestling Championship were held in Tehran, Iran.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [34, 34], "content_span": [35, 109]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077497-0000-0000", "contents": "1959 Wyoming Cowboys football team\nThe 1959 Wyoming Cowboys football team represented the University of Wyoming in the Skyline Conference during the 1959 NCAA University Division football season. In their third season under head coach Bob Devaney, the Cowboys compiled a 9\u20131 record (7\u20130 against Skyline opponents), won the Skyline Conference championship, and outscored all opponents by a total of 287 to 62. The Cowboys were not ranked during the season, but after the season concluded they were ranked No. 16 in the final AP Poll.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [34, 34], "content_span": [35, 532]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077497-0001-0000", "contents": "1959 Wyoming Cowboys football team\nThe Cowboys ranked fourth out of 112 teams in major college football in scoring offense with an average of 28.7 points per game. They also ranked fifth in scoring defense, allowing an average of 6.2 points per game.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [34, 34], "content_span": [35, 250]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077497-0002-0000", "contents": "1959 Wyoming Cowboys football team\nThe team's statistical leaders included Jim Walden with 882 passing yards, Jerry Hill with 579 rushing yards and 50 points scored, and Dick Hamilton with 245 receiving yards. Jim Walden went on to play in the Canadian Football League for the BC Lions, Calgary Stampeders, and Edmonton Eskimos. Jerry Hill played 10 seasons in the National Football League with the Baltimore Colts.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [34, 34], "content_span": [35, 415]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077497-0003-0000", "contents": "1959 Wyoming Cowboys football team\nTwo players were named to the 1959 All-Skyline Conference team: guard Len Kuczewski; and quarterback Jim Walden.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [34, 34], "content_span": [35, 147]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077498-0000-0000", "contents": "1959 Yale Bulldogs football team\nThe 1959 Yale Bulldogs football team represented Yale University in the 1959 NCAA University Division football season. The Bulldogs were led by eighth-year head coach Jordan Olivar, played their home games at the Yale Bowl and finished the season with a 6\u20133 record.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [32, 32], "content_span": [33, 298]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077499-0000-0000", "contents": "1959 anti-American riots in Panama\nThe 1959 anti-American riots in Panama happened during the celebration of Panamanian independence on November 3, 1959. Demonstrations started that day as Panamanians were influenced by former foreign minister Aquilino Boyd, who threatened a \"peaceful invasion\" of the American-controlled Panama Canal Zone, to raise the flag of the republic there as tangible evidence of Panama's sovereignty over the territory.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [34, 34], "content_span": [35, 446]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077499-0001-0000", "contents": "1959 anti-American riots in Panama\nFearful that Panamanian mobs might actually force entry into the Canal Zone, the United States called out its troops. Several hundred Panamanians crossed barbed-wire restraints and clashed with Canal Zone police and troops. A second wave of Panamanian citizens was repulsed by the Panamanian National Guard, supported by American troops. Extensive and violent disorder followed. A mob smashed the windows of the United States Information Agency library. The United States flag was torn from the ambassador's residence and trampled, and the U.S. embassy was attacked. Stones were thrown against the troops, who were dispersed by tear gas. Three American troops were injured, whilst two student protesters were arrested.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [34, 34], "content_span": [35, 753]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077499-0002-0000", "contents": "1959 anti-American riots in Panama\nAware that public hostility was getting out of hand, political leaders attempted to regain control over their followers but were unsuccessful. Relations between the two governments were severely strained. United States authorities erected a fence on the border of the Canal Zone, and United States citizens residing in the Canal Zone observed a voluntary boycott of Panamanian merchants, who traditionally depended heavily on these patrons.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [34, 34], "content_span": [35, 475]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077499-0003-0000", "contents": "1959 anti-American riots in Panama\nTension were already stoked before amid the discontent over the Canal Zone. In May 1958 students demonstrating against the United States clashed with the National Guard, and nine peopled died in the violence. On September 17, 1960, American President Dwight D. Eisenhower attempted to defuse the issue by letting the Flag of Panama fly alongside the Stars and Stripes of the U.S. inside the Canal Zone. After the events of 1959, violence occurred again in 1964.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [34, 34], "content_span": [35, 496]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077500-0000-0000", "contents": "1959 in Afghanistan\nThe following lists events that happened during 1959 in Afghanistan.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [19, 19], "content_span": [20, 88]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077500-0001-0000", "contents": "1959 in Afghanistan\nThe budget estimates for September 23, 1958 \u2013 September 22, 1959 (1337\u201338 in the Afghan calendar), amount to a revenue of 1,455,122,000 Afghanis (including 521,192,000 Afghanis from foreign loans) and to an expenditure of 1,455,107,962 Afghanis. (The Afghani is worth about five U.S. cents.) Between the fiscal years 1955\u201356 and 1957\u201358 the amounts of Afghan exports rose from 1,527,000,000 Afghanis to 1,984,000,000 Afghanis, the main destinations being India, the U.S.S.R., the United States, the United Kingdom, and Poland.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [19, 19], "content_span": [20, 546]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077500-0002-0000", "contents": "1959 in Afghanistan, May 1959\nThe Afghan prime minister is on an official visit in Moscow, where he confers with Nikita Khrushchev. An agreement on the expansion of Soviet-Afghan economic and technical cooperation is signed on May 28. Among other things, it provides for Soviet assistance in the construction of the Kushka-Herat-Kandahar motor road, more than 740\u00a0km long.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [21, 29], "content_span": [30, 372]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077500-0003-0000", "contents": "1959 in Afghanistan, May 1959\nThe reconstruction of the Kabul airport starts with Soviet help.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [21, 29], "content_span": [30, 94]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077500-0004-0000", "contents": "1959 in Afghanistan, August 24, 1959\nSpeaking at Kabul on the Afghan National Day, King Mohammad Zahir Shah comments, traditionally, on the problem of Pashtunistan, \"still awaiting a peaceful and just solution.\" Mohammad Daud Khan, the Prime Minister, explains to the correspondent of a Japanese press agency that the Pashtun problem has existed for a century and arose when part of Afghanistan was annexed to British India \u2013 the Pakistan of today.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [21, 36], "content_span": [37, 448]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077500-0005-0000", "contents": "1959 in Afghanistan, August, 1959\nEmancipation of women comes about with the abolition of the veil and the chadri (the shroud-like head-to-toe gown). This was a big event in the history of women in Afghanistan, and it was also an intentional part of the women's empancipation policy of the Daoud Government at that time. The step was carefully prepared by introducing women workers at the Radio Kabul in 1957, sending women delegates to the Asian Women's Conference in Kairo, and employing forty girls to the government pottery factory in 1958.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [21, 33], "content_span": [34, 544]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077500-0005-0001", "contents": "1959 in Afghanistan, August, 1959\nWhen this was met with no riots, the government decided it was time for the very controversial step of unveiling. In August 1959 therefore, on the second day of the festival of Jeshyn, Queen Humaira Begum and  Princess Bilqis appeared in the royal box at the military parade unveiled, alongside the Prime Minister's wife, Zamina Begum.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [21, 33], "content_span": [34, 369]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077500-0006-0000", "contents": "1959 in Afghanistan, September 1959\nJawaharlal Nehru, the Indian prime minister, pays a return visit to Kabul.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [21, 35], "content_span": [36, 110]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077500-0007-0000", "contents": "1959 in Afghanistan, September 1959\nMohammad Naim, Afghan foreign minister, pays an official visit to Peking.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [21, 35], "content_span": [36, 109]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077500-0008-0000", "contents": "1959 in Afghanistan, September 1959\nThe Ariana Afghan Airlines extend their services from Kabul to Frankfurt, Germany, through Ankara, Turkey, and Prague, Czechoslovakia.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [21, 35], "content_span": [36, 170]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077501-0000-0000", "contents": "1959 in Australia\nThe following lists events that happened during 1959 in Australia.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [17, 17], "content_span": [18, 84]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077501-0001-0000", "contents": "1959 in Australia, Film\nOn the Beach starring Gregory Peck and Ava Gardner was shot around Melbourne. The film was based on the novel by Nevil Shute.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 23], "content_span": [24, 149]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077501-0002-0000", "contents": "1959 in Australia, Television\nSix O'Clock Rock screened on the Australian Broadcasting Commission's channel. It was compered by Johnny O'Keefe and was the ABC's response to Bandstand on Channel Nine.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 29], "content_span": [30, 199]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077501-0003-0000", "contents": "1959 in Australia, Television\nAdelaide's first television station, NWS-9, begins broadcasting on 5 September", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 29], "content_span": [30, 108]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077502-0000-0000", "contents": "1959 in Australian literature\nThis article presents a list of the historical events and publications of Australian literature during 1959.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [29, 29], "content_span": [30, 138]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077502-0001-0000", "contents": "1959 in Australian literature, Births\nA list, ordered by date of birth (and, if the date is either unspecified or repeated, ordered alphabetically by surname) of births in 1959 of Australian literary figures, authors of written works or literature-related individuals follows, including year of death.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 37], "content_span": [38, 301]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077502-0002-0000", "contents": "1959 in Australian literature, Deaths\nA list, ordered by date of death (and, if the date is either unspecified or repeated, ordered alphabetically by surname) of deaths in 1959 of Australian literary figures, authors of written works or literature-related individuals follows, including year of birth.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 37], "content_span": [38, 301]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077503-0000-0000", "contents": "1959 in Australian television\n1959 in Australian television was the fourth year of television broadcasts in Australia.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [29, 29], "content_span": [30, 118]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077503-0001-0000", "contents": "1959 in Australian television, Events\nTelevision Broadcasts in Western Australia were aired for the first time on 15 October 1959, TVW was opened by the Governor of Western Australia, Sir Charles Gairdner.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 37], "content_span": [38, 205]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077503-0002-0000", "contents": "1959 in Australian television, Events\nTelevision broadcasts in the state of Queensland (Brisbane) were aired for the very first time, starting with the Nine Network's QTQ on 16 August, followed soon after by the Seven Network's BTQ on 1 November, and the ABC's ABQ on the next day.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 37], "content_span": [38, 281]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077503-0003-0000", "contents": "1959 in Australian television, Events\nThe first television station in Adelaide, South Australia (NWS-9) began broadcasting on 5 September.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 37], "content_span": [38, 138]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077503-0004-0000", "contents": "1959 in Australian television, Events\nOn 1 July, Australian children's TV series Mr. Squiggle and Friends debuts on ABC starting off as a temporary fill in. Years later the show has been so popular it continues to air on the ABC until 9 July 1999.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 37], "content_span": [38, 247]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077503-0005-0000", "contents": "1959 in Australian television, Events\nMelbourne and Sydney are linked by microwave for the first time on 9 January, enabling television programs to be screened, simultaneously in both cities.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 37], "content_span": [38, 191]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077503-0006-0000", "contents": "1959 in Australian television, Notable debuts and endings\nNotable Australian series that debuted during 1959 included variety and/or music series Adelaide Tonight, The Bobby Limb Show, Six O'Clock Rock and Make Ours Music, game show Wheel of Fortune, discussion series The Critics, and short-lived drama series Emergency. Additionally, ATN-7 and GTV-9 experimented with local drama with the Shell Presents productions of plays.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 57], "content_span": [58, 427]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077503-0007-0000", "contents": "1959 in Australian television, Notable debuts and endings\nNotable series which ended in 1959 included variety and/or music series Astor Showcase, Hit Parade and Sydney Tonight (which had been re-titled and re-formatted as Tonight), drama series Autumn Affair and Emergency, and comedy series Take That.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 57], "content_span": [58, 302]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077504-0000-0000", "contents": "1959 in Belgian television\nThis is a list of Belgian television related events from 1959.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [26, 26], "content_span": [27, 89]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077507-0000-0000", "contents": "1959 in Brazilian football\nThe following article presents a summary of the 1959 football (soccer) season in Brazil, which was the 58th season of competitive football in the country.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [26, 26], "content_span": [27, 181]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077507-0001-0000", "contents": "1959 in Brazilian football, Ta\u00e7a Brasil\nBahia declared as the Ta\u00e7a Brasil champions by aggregate score of 5-5.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [28, 39], "content_span": [40, 110]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077507-0002-0000", "contents": "1959 in Brazilian football, Brazil national team\nThe following table lists all the games played by the Brazil national football team in official competitions and friendly matches during 1959.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [28, 48], "content_span": [49, 191]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077508-0000-0000", "contents": "1959 in British music\nThis is a summary of 1959 in music in the United Kingdom, including the official charts from that year.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [21, 21], "content_span": [22, 125]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077509-0000-0000", "contents": "1959 in British radio\nThis is a list of events from British radio in 1959.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [21, 21], "content_span": [22, 74]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077510-0000-0000", "contents": "1959 in British television\nThis is a list of British television related events from 1959.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [26, 26], "content_span": [27, 89]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077513-0000-0000", "contents": "1959 in Canadian television\nThe following is a list of events affecting\u00a0Canadian television in 1959. Events listed include television show debuts, finales, cancellations, and channel launches.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [27, 27], "content_span": [28, 192]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077514-0000-0000", "contents": "1959 in Cape Verde\nThe following lists events that happened during 1959 in Cape Verde.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 18], "section_span": [18, 18], "content_span": [19, 86]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077515-0000-0000", "contents": "1959 in Chile\nThe following lists events that happened during 1959 in Chile.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 13], "section_span": [13, 13], "content_span": [14, 76]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077516-0000-0000", "contents": "1959 in China\nEvents in the year 1959 in China. The country had an estimated population of 665 million people.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 13], "section_span": [13, 13], "content_span": [14, 110]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077517-0000-0000", "contents": "1959 in Croatian television\nThis is a list of Croatian television related events from 1959.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [27, 27], "content_span": [28, 91]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077517-0001-0000", "contents": "1959 in Croatian television, Deaths\nThis Croatian television-related article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by .", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 35], "content_span": [36, 115]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077518-0000-0000", "contents": "1959 in Cuba\nThe following lists events that happened during 1959 in Cuba.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 12], "section_span": [12, 12], "content_span": [13, 74]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077519-0000-0000", "contents": "1959 in Danish television\nThis is a list of Danish television related events from 1959.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [25, 25], "content_span": [26, 87]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077521-0000-0000", "contents": "1959 in Dutch television\nThis is a list of Dutch television related events from 1959.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [24, 24], "content_span": [25, 85]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077521-0001-0000", "contents": "1959 in Dutch television, Deaths\nThis Dutch television\u2013related article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by .", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 32], "content_span": [33, 109]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077522-0000-0000", "contents": "1959 in Estonia\nThis article lists events that occurred during 1959 in Estonia.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 15], "section_span": [15, 15], "content_span": [16, 79]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077523-0000-0000", "contents": "1959 in Estonian television\nThis is a list of Estonian television related events from 1959.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [27, 27], "content_span": [28, 91]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077525-0000-0000", "contents": "1959 in French television\nThis is a list of French television related events from 1959.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [25, 25], "content_span": [26, 87]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077526-0000-0000", "contents": "1959 in German television\nThis is a list of German television related events from 1959.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [25, 25], "content_span": [26, 87]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077527-0000-0000", "contents": "1959 in Germany\nThe following lists events that happened during 1959 in Germany.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 15], "section_span": [15, 15], "content_span": [16, 80]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077528-0000-0000", "contents": "1959 in Iceland\nThe following lists events that happened in 1959 in Iceland.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 15], "section_span": [15, 15], "content_span": [16, 76]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077529-0000-0000", "contents": "1959 in India\nEvents in the year 1959 in the Republic of India.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 13], "section_span": [13, 13], "content_span": [14, 63]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077530-0000-0000", "contents": "1959 in Iran\nThe following lists events that happened during 1959 in the Imperial State of Iran.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 12], "section_span": [12, 12], "content_span": [13, 96]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077531-0000-0000", "contents": "1959 in Iraq\nThe following lists events that happened during 1959 in Iraq.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 12], "section_span": [12, 12], "content_span": [13, 74]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077533-0000-0000", "contents": "1959 in Israel, Events, Israeli\u2013Palestinian conflict\nThe most prominent events related to the Israeli\u2013Palestinian conflict which occurred during 1959 include:", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [16, 52], "content_span": [53, 158]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077533-0001-0000", "contents": "1959 in Israel, Events, Israeli\u2013Palestinian conflict\nThe most prominent Palestinian fedayeen terror attacks committed against Israeli targets during 1959 include:", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [16, 52], "content_span": [53, 162]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077533-0002-0000", "contents": "1959 in Israel, Events, Israeli\u2013Palestinian conflict\nThe most prominent Israeli military counter-terrorism operations (military campaigns and military operations) carried out against Palestinian militants during 1959 include:", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [16, 52], "content_span": [53, 225]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077534-0000-0000", "contents": "1959 in Italian television\nThis is a list of Italian television related events from 1959.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [26, 26], "content_span": [27, 89]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077534-0001-0000", "contents": "1959 in Italian television, Television shows, Drama\nThe popular success of the plays with Gilberto Govi goes on; between January and February, the National Channel broadcasts four new titles, included the actor's signature play I maneggi per maritare una figlia (The schemes to marry a daughter).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [28, 51], "content_span": [52, 296]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077537-0000-0000", "contents": "1959 in Laos\nThe following lists events that happened during 1959 in Laos.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 12], "section_span": [12, 12], "content_span": [13, 74]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077538-0000-0000", "contents": "1959 in Libya\nThe following lists events that happened in 1959 in Libya.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 13], "section_span": [13, 13], "content_span": [14, 72]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077539-0000-0000", "contents": "1959 in Luxembourg\nThe following lists events that happened during 1959 in the Grand Duchy of Luxembourg.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 18], "section_span": [18, 18], "content_span": [19, 105]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077540-0000-0000", "contents": "1959 in Malaya\nThis article lists important figures and events in Malayan public affairs during the year 1959, together with births and deaths of significant Malayans.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [14, 14], "content_span": [15, 167]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077541-0000-0000", "contents": "1959 in Mexico, Incumbents, Governors\nEvery governor was a member of the Institutional Revolutionary Party, PRI.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [16, 37], "content_span": [38, 112]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077542-0000-0000", "contents": "1959 in Michigan, Top stories\nThe Associated Press and Detroit Free Press ranked the top Michigan news stories of 1959 as follows:", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 16], "section_span": [18, 29], "content_span": [30, 130]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077542-0001-0000", "contents": "1959 in Michigan, Population\nIn the 1950 United States Census, Michigan was recorded as having a population of 6,421,000 persons, ranking as the seventh most populous state in the country. By 1960, the state's population had grown 22.8% to 7,823,194 persons.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 16], "section_span": [18, 28], "content_span": [29, 258]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077542-0002-0000", "contents": "1959 in Michigan, Population, Cities\nThe following is a list of cities in Michigan with a population of at least 40,000 based on 1950 U.S. Census data. Historic census data from 1940 and 1960 is included to reflect trends in population increases or decreases. Cities that are part of the Detroit metropolitan area are shaded in tan.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 16], "section_span": [18, 36], "content_span": [37, 332]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077542-0003-0000", "contents": "1959 in Michigan, Population, Counties\nThe following is a list of counties in Michigan with populations of at least 100,000 based on 1950 U.S. Census data. Historic census data from 1940 and 1960 are included to reflect trends in population increases or decreases. Counties that are part of the Detroit metropolitan area are shaded in tan.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 16], "section_span": [18, 38], "content_span": [39, 339]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077543-0000-0000", "contents": "1959 in Nepal\nThe following lists events that happened during 1959 in the Kingdom of Nepal.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 13], "section_span": [13, 13], "content_span": [14, 91]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077544-0000-0000", "contents": "1959 in New Zealand\nThe following lists events that happened during  1959 in New Zealand.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [19, 19], "content_span": [20, 89]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077544-0001-0000", "contents": "1959 in New Zealand, Incumbents, Government\nThe 32nd New Zealand Parliament continued. In power was the Labour government led by Walter Nash.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [21, 43], "content_span": [44, 141]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077544-0002-0000", "contents": "1959 in New Zealand, Arts and literature, Film\nSee : Category:1959 film awards, 1959 in film, List of New Zealand feature films, Cinema of New Zealand, Category:1959 films", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [21, 46], "content_span": [47, 171]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077544-0003-0000", "contents": "1959 in New Zealand, Sport, Lawn bowls\nThe national outdoor lawn bowls championships are held in Wellington.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [21, 38], "content_span": [39, 108]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077548-0000-0000", "contents": "1959 in Norwegian football\nThe 1959 season was the 54th season of competitive football in Norway.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [26, 26], "content_span": [27, 97]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077549-0000-0000", "contents": "1959 in Norwegian music\nThe following is a list of notable events and releases of the year 1959 in Norwegian music.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [23, 23], "content_span": [24, 115]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077551-0000-0000", "contents": "1959 in Portugal, Sport\nIn association football, for the first-tier league seasons, see 1958\u201359 Primeira Divis\u00e3o and 1959\u201360 Primeira Divis\u00e3o; for the Ta\u00e7a de Portugal seasons, see 1958\u201359 Ta\u00e7a de Portugal and 1959\u201360 Ta\u00e7a de Portugal.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 16], "section_span": [18, 23], "content_span": [24, 235]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077552-0000-0000", "contents": "1959 in Ruanda-Urundi\nThe following lists events that happened during 1959 in Ruanda-Urundi.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [21, 21], "content_span": [22, 92]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077554-0000-0000", "contents": "1959 in Scottish television\nThis is a list of events in Scottish television from 1959.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [27, 27], "content_span": [28, 86]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077555-0000-0000", "contents": "1959 in Singapore\nThe following lists events that happened during 1959 in Singapore.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [17, 17], "content_span": [18, 84]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077556-0000-0000", "contents": "1959 in South Africa\nThe following lists events that happened during 1959 in South Africa.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [20, 20], "content_span": [21, 90]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077556-0001-0000", "contents": "1959 in South Africa, Railways, Locomotives\nThree new Cape gauge locomotive types enter service on the South African Railways.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [22, 43], "content_span": [44, 126]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077557-0000-0000", "contents": "1959 in South African sport\nThis article is an incomplete list of sporting events relevant to South Africa in 1959", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [27, 27], "content_span": [28, 114]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077559-0000-0000", "contents": "1959 in Southern Rhodesia\nThe following lists events that happened during 1959 in the Colony of Southern Rhodesia.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [25, 25], "content_span": [26, 114]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077562-0000-0000", "contents": "1959 in Swedish television\nThis is a list of Swedish television related events from 1959.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [26, 26], "content_span": [27, 89]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077563-0000-0000", "contents": "1959 in Taiwan\nEvents from the year 1959 in Taiwan, Republic of China. This year is numbered Minguo 48 according to the official Republic of China calendar.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [14, 14], "content_span": [15, 156]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077564-0000-0000", "contents": "1959 in Thailand\nThe year 1959 was the 178th year of the Rattanakosin Kingdom of Thailand. It was the 14th year in the reign of King Bhumibol Adulyadej (Rama IX), and is reckoned as year 2502 in the Buddhist Era.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 16], "section_span": [16, 16], "content_span": [17, 212]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077566-0000-0000", "contents": "1959 in Wales\nThis article is about the particular significance of the year 1959 to Wales and its people.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 13], "section_span": [13, 13], "content_span": [14, 105]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077568-0000-0000", "contents": "1959 in architecture\nThe year 1959 in architecture involved some significant architectural events and new buildings.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [20, 20], "content_span": [21, 116]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077570-0000-0000", "contents": "1959 in association football\nThe following are the football (soccer) events of the year 1959 throughout the world.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [28, 28], "content_span": [29, 114]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077572-0000-0000", "contents": "1959 in baseball\nThe following are the baseball events of the year 1959  throughout the world.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 16], "section_span": [16, 16], "content_span": [17, 94]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077573-0000-0000", "contents": "1959 in comics\nNotable events of 1959 in comics. See also List of years in comics.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [14, 14], "content_span": [15, 82]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077574-0000-0000", "contents": "1959 in country music\nThis is a list of notable events in country music that took place in the year 1959.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [21, 21], "content_span": [22, 105]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077575-0000-0000", "contents": "1959 in film\nThe year 1959 in film involved some significant events, with Ben-Hur winning a record 11 Academy Awards.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 12], "section_span": [12, 12], "content_span": [13, 117]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077575-0001-0000", "contents": "1959 in film, Top-grossing films (U.S.)\nThe top ten 1959 released films by box office gross in North America are as follows:", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 12], "section_span": [14, 39], "content_span": [40, 124]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077576-0000-0000", "contents": "1959 in fine arts of the Soviet Union\nThe year 1959 was marked by many events that left an imprint on the history of Soviet and Russian Fine Arts.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [37, 37], "content_span": [38, 146]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077577-0000-0000", "contents": "1959 in jazz\nThis is a timeline documenting events of Jazz in the year 1959.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 12], "section_span": [12, 12], "content_span": [13, 76]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077578-0000-0000", "contents": "1959 in literature\nThis article contains information about the literary events and publications of 1959.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 18], "section_span": [18, 18], "content_span": [19, 104]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077579-0000-0000", "contents": "1959 in motorsport\nThe following is an overview of the events of 1959 in motorsport including the major racing events, motorsport venues that were opened and closed during a year, championships and non-championship events that were established and disestablished in a year, and births and deaths of racing drivers and other motorsport people.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 18], "section_span": [18, 18], "content_span": [19, 342]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077579-0001-0000", "contents": "1959 in motorsport, Annual events\nThe calendar includes only annual major non-championship events or annual events that had own significance separate from the championship. For the dates of the championship events see related season articles.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 18], "section_span": [20, 33], "content_span": [34, 242]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077580-0000-0000", "contents": "1959 in music\nThis is a list of notable events in music that took place in the year 1959.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 13], "section_span": [13, 13], "content_span": [14, 89]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077580-0001-0000", "contents": "1959 in music, Biggest hit singles\nThe following songs achieved the highest in the charts of 1959.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 13], "section_span": [15, 34], "content_span": [35, 98]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077581-0000-0000", "contents": "1959 in paleontology\nPaleontology or palaeontology is the study of prehistoric life forms on Earth through the examination of plant and animal fossils. This includes the study of body fossils, tracks (ichnites), burrows, cast-off parts, fossilised feces (coprolites), palynomorphs and chemical residues. Because humans have encountered fossils for millennia, paleontology has a long history both before and after becoming formalized as a science. This article records significant discoveries and events related to paleontology that occurred or were published in the year 1959.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [20, 20], "content_span": [21, 576]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077581-0001-0000", "contents": "1959 in paleontology, Arthropods, Newly named insects\nA bibionid fly Moved from Penthetria curtula (1910) Senior synonym of Penthetria avunculus (1910)", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [22, 53], "content_span": [54, 151]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077581-0002-0000", "contents": "1959 in paleontology, Arthropods, Newly named insects\nA bibionid fly Moved from Mycetophaetus intermedius (1892) Moved to Penthetria intermedia (1999)", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [22, 53], "content_span": [54, 150]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077581-0003-0000", "contents": "1959 in paleontology, Arthropods, Newly named insects\nA bibionid fly Moved from Penthetria pictipennis (1910) Senior synonym of Penthetria lambei, Pe. ovalis, & Pe. separanda (1910)", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [22, 53], "content_span": [54, 181]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077581-0004-0000", "contents": "1959 in paleontology, Arthropods, Newly named insects\nA bibionid fly Moved from Penthetria pulla (1910) Senior synonym of Penthetria brevipes (1910)", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [22, 53], "content_span": [54, 148]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077581-0005-0000", "contents": "1959 in paleontology, Arthropods, Newly named insects\nA bibionid fly Moved from Penthetria transitoria (1910) Senior synonym of Penthetria falcatula & Pe. fragmentum (1910)", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [22, 53], "content_span": [54, 172]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077581-0006-0000", "contents": "1959 in paleontology, Conodonts\nGerman paleontologist Klaus J. M\u00fcller (1923-2010) described the conodont family Westergaardodinidae.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [22, 31], "content_span": [32, 132]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077582-0000-0000", "contents": "1959 in poetry\nNationality words link to articles with information on the nation's poetry or literature (for instance, Irish or France).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [14, 14], "content_span": [15, 136]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077582-0001-0000", "contents": "1959 in poetry, Works published in English\nListed by nation where the work was first published and again by the poet's native land, if different; substantially revised works listed separately:", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [16, 42], "content_span": [43, 192]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077582-0002-0000", "contents": "1959 in poetry, Works published in other languages\nListed by language and often by nation where the work was first published and again by the poet's native land, if different; substantially revised works listed separately:", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [16, 50], "content_span": [51, 222]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077582-0003-0000", "contents": "1959 in poetry, Works published in other languages, French language, France\nAlain Bosquet and Pierre Seghers, editors, Les po\u00e8mes de l'ann\u00e9e 1959, with poems by:", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [16, 75], "content_span": [76, 161]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077582-0004-0000", "contents": "1959 in poetry, Births\nDeath years link to the corresponding \"[year] in poetry\" article:", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [16, 22], "content_span": [23, 88]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077582-0005-0000", "contents": "1959 in poetry, Deaths\nBirth years link to the corresponding \"[year] in poetry\" article:", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [16, 22], "content_span": [23, 88]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077583-0000-0000", "contents": "1959 in professional wrestling\n1959 in professional wrestling describes the year's events in the world of professional wrestling.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [30, 30], "content_span": [31, 129]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077584-0000-0000", "contents": "1959 in radio\nThe year 1959 saw a number of significant happenings in radio broadcasting history.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 13], "section_span": [13, 13], "content_span": [14, 97]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077585-0000-0000", "contents": "1959 in rail transport\nThis article lists events related to rail transport that occurred in 1959.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [22, 22], "content_span": [23, 97]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077586-0000-0000", "contents": "1959 in science\nThe year 1959 in science and technology involved some significant events, listed below.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 15], "section_span": [15, 15], "content_span": [16, 103]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077587-0000-0000", "contents": "1959 in spaceflight\nLuna 1 was the first spacecraft to leave the gravitational influence of Earth. Also in 1959, Luna 2 was the first spacecraft to reach the surface of another celestial body, impacting the Moon, and Luna 3 returned the first images of the far side of the Moon.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [19, 19], "content_span": [20, 278]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077588-0000-0000", "contents": "1959 in sports\n1959 in sports describes the year's events in world sport.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [14, 14], "content_span": [15, 73]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077589-0000-0000", "contents": "1959 in television\nThe year 1959 in television involved some significant events. Below is a list of television-related events during that year.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 18], "section_span": [18, 18], "content_span": [19, 143]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077590-0000-0000", "contents": "1959 in the Belgian Congo\nThe following lists events that happened during 1959 in the Belgian Congo.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [25, 25], "content_span": [26, 100]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077591-0000-0000", "contents": "1959 in the Soviet Union\nThe following lists events that happened during 1959 in the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [24, 24], "content_span": [25, 121]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077593-0000-0000", "contents": "1959 in the United States\nEvents from the year 1959 in the United States. With the admittance of Alaska and Hawaii, this is the last year in which states are added to the union.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [25, 25], "content_span": [26, 177]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077593-0001-0000", "contents": "1959 in the United States, Births\nTim Flakoll, national education expert and President Pro Tempore - ND Senate", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [27, 33], "content_span": [34, 110]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077594-0000-0000", "contents": "1959 in the Vietnam War\n1959 saw Vietnam still divided into South (ruled by President Ng\u00f4 \u0110\u00ecnh Di\u1ec7m) and North (lead by communist Ho Chi Minh). North Vietnam authorized the Viet Cong (VC) to undertake limited military action as well as political action to subvert the Di\u1ec7m government. North Vietnam also authorized the construction of what would become known as the Ho Chi Minh Trail to supply the VC in South Vietnam. Armed encounters between the VC and the government of South Vietnam became more frequent and with larger numbers involved. In September, 360 soldiers of the Army of the Republic of Vietnam (ARVN) were ambushed by a force of about 100 VC guerrillas.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [23, 23], "content_span": [24, 667]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077594-0001-0000", "contents": "1959 in the Vietnam War\nIn August an election chose the members of South Vietnam's National Assembly. The election was marred by intimidation and fraud by Di\u1ec7m's party which won the majority of seats. Di\u1ec7m's most prominent critic, Phan Quang \u0110\u00e1n, was elected but was prevented from serving in the Assembly.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [23, 23], "content_span": [24, 306]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077594-0002-0000", "contents": "1959 in the Vietnam War\nDi\u1ec7m began the year seeming to be firmly in control of South Vietnam, but VC military successes began to impact his government by the end of the year.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [23, 23], "content_span": [24, 174]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077594-0003-0000", "contents": "1959 in the Vietnam War, January\nSumming up President Ng\u00f4 \u0110\u00ecnh Di\u1ec7m's accomplishments over the preceding several years, a United States Army historian said, \"Bolstered by some $190 million a year in American military and economic aid, Di\u1ec7m enforced at least a degree of governmental authority throughout South Vietnam. His regime resettled the refugees, achieved a measure of economic prosperity, and promulgated what was, on paper, a progressive land reform policy. By means of a series of harsh and indiscriminate but effective anti-Communist 'denunciation' campaigns, Di\u1ec7m made progress in destroying the remaining Viet Minh organization in the countryside. His troops kept the surviving sect and Communist guerrillas on the run, and his government attempted to establish mass organizations of its own to control and indoctrinate the people.\"", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 32], "content_span": [33, 845]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077594-0004-0000", "contents": "1959 in the Vietnam War, January\nThe Central Committee of the Communist Party of North Vietnam met in Hanoi to \"discuss the situation inside the country since the signing of the Geneva Accords of 1954 and bring forward the revolutionary line for the entire country and the southern revolution.\" L\u00ea Du\u1ea9n, General Secretary of the Party, who had recently returned from a clandestine visit to South Vietnam, spoke about the losses the VC had suffered as a result of the increasing aggressiveness of the Di\u1ec7m Government aided by more that $965 million (about $6.7 billion in 2014 dollars) in U.S. assistance, mostly military, since 1955. L\u00ea Du\u1ea9n proposed that it was time to complement the political struggle in South Vietnam with military action. The North Vietnamese communists were being accused by the VC of cowardice for not helping it in their struggle against Di\u1ec7m.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 32], "content_span": [33, 868]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077594-0005-0000", "contents": "1959 in the Vietnam War, January\nInfluenced by the reports of L\u00ea Du\u1ea9n and others, the Central Committee of the Communist Party of North Vietnam adopted Resolution 15. The resolution sanctioned armed force to \"end the plight of the poor and miserable people in the South\" and \"defeat each wicked policy of the American imperialists and their puppets.\" The content and adoption of Resolution 15 remained a closely held secret among senior Party members until details were worked out for its implementation.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 32], "content_span": [33, 504]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077594-0006-0000", "contents": "1959 in the Vietnam War, January\nModerates, probably including Ho Chi Minh and General V\u00f5 Nguy\u00ean Gi\u00e1p, were reluctant to support a revolutionary struggle in South Vietnam. However, Party members, in the words of one historian, were convinced that they \"could no longer continue to advocate restraint without losing the control and allegiance of the southern communists as well as the reunification struggle with Di\u1ec7m.\"", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 32], "content_span": [33, 418]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077594-0007-0000", "contents": "1959 in the Vietnam War, January\nUnder Project Hotfoot United States Army Special Forces secretly began training the Royal Lao Army.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 32], "content_span": [33, 132]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077594-0008-0000", "contents": "1959 in the Vietnam War, March\nA 45-man platoon of highland Montagnard tribesmen was formed in Qu\u1ea3ng Ng\u00e3i Province, the first armed Communist military unit in the area since the end of the war with the French in 1954. The platoon awaited guidance from Hanoi before undertaking any armed actions.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 30], "content_span": [31, 295]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077594-0009-0000", "contents": "1959 in the Vietnam War, March\nUnited States Ambassador to South Vietnam Elbridge Durbrow met with President Di\u1ec7m's brother, Ng\u00f4 \u0110\u00ecnh Nhu, to urge him to curtail the repressive tactics of the C\u1ea7n Lao organization, headed by Nhu, dominated by Catholics, and the only legal political party in South Vietnam. Nhu resisted the U.S. pressure. Durbrow concluding that C\u1ea7n Lao's \"undercover operations had so antagonized large sections of the population that an effort had to be made to greatly curtail the operations.\" Durbrow later brought up the subject with Di\u1ec7m to no apparent effect.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 30], "content_span": [31, 582]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077594-0010-0000", "contents": "1959 in the Vietnam War, April\nPresident of the United States Dwight D. Eisenhower refers to the \"inescapable conclusion that U.S. interests are linked to those of South Vietnam.\"", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 30], "content_span": [31, 179]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077594-0011-0000", "contents": "1959 in the Vietnam War, May\nSouth Vietnam's Marine Corps launch their first operation attacking the VC in An Xuy\u00ean Province in the Mekong Delta.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 28], "content_span": [29, 145]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077594-0012-0000", "contents": "1959 in the Vietnam War, May\nIn response to an increasing number of attacks by VC guerrillas, the National Assembly of South Vietnam adopted Law 10-59 authorizing military tribunals to impose death sentences on persons suspected of a wide variety of terrorist and destructive actions.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 28], "content_span": [29, 284]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077594-0013-0000", "contents": "1959 in the Vietnam War, May\nThe Communist Party of North Vietnam finalized the policy for implementing Resolution 15 and communicated its guidelines to VC leaders in South Vietnam. The guidelines authorized \"armed self defense\" combined with \"political struggle\" but did not authorize a full-fledged war of national liberation. Political assassinations and small-scale guerrilla actions against the ARVN were authorized.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 28], "content_span": [29, 421]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077594-0014-0000", "contents": "1959 in the Vietnam War, May\nCommunist Party leaders in Hanoi established the Special Military Operations Corps Group 559 to maintain a supply route from North to South Vietnam along the backbone of the Annamese Cordillera. Later, in September 1959, Group 959 was created to construct supply lines through Laos to South Vietnam and to provide military support to the Pathet Lao communist guerrillas. These decisions marked the beginning of the development of the north\u2013south network of roads that would later be called the Ho Chi Minh Trail.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 28], "content_span": [29, 541]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077594-0015-0000", "contents": "1959 in the Vietnam War, May\nAmerican advisers to the ARVN were authorized to accompany units on operational missions, \"provided they do not become involved in actual combat.\" Previously American advisers had been prohibited from accompanying the ARVN on combat missions.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 28], "content_span": [29, 271]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077594-0016-0000", "contents": "1959 in the Vietnam War, July\nPresident Di\u1ec7m celebrated the fifth anniversary of his leadership of South Vietnam. Eisenhower congratulated Di\u1ec7m for \"the progress made by Viet-Nam in the years since you assumed leadership.\" The New York Times congratulated him for building a \"constitutional democracy.' Four hundred prominent Americans, including Senator Mike Mansfield, Supreme Court Justice William O. Douglas and Catholic Cardinal Spellman sent a letter of congratulation to Di\u1ec7m. Mansfield said that South Vietnam was \"fortunate in having a man of Di\u1ec7m's vision, strength, and selflessness as their leader.\"", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 29], "content_span": [30, 611]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077594-0017-0000", "contents": "1959 in the Vietnam War, July\nPresident Di\u1ec7m announced the creation of the Agroville Program. The Minister of Interior explained that the rural people of South Vietnam were \"living in such spread out manner that the government cannot protect them and they are obliged to furnish supplies to the Viet Cong. Therefore, it is necessary to concentrate this population...\"  The objective of the Agroville program was to build fortified settlements in rural areas which could be protected by the ARVN and thereby to isolate the population from the VC.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 29], "content_span": [30, 545]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077594-0018-0000", "contents": "1959 in the Vietnam War, July\nSix VC guerrillas attacked a Military Assistance Advisory Group (MAAG) compound in Bi\u00ean H\u00f2a, a town about 20 miles (32\u00a0km) northeast of Saigon. Two U.S. soldiers (Dale R. Buis and Chester M. Ovnand) and three Vietnamese were killed by the guerrillas. Security for 2,000 American military and civilian officials working in South Vietnam was increased and MAAG personnel began carrying weapons.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 29], "content_span": [30, 422]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077594-0019-0000", "contents": "1959 in the Vietnam War, July\nJournalist Albert Colegrove published a series of newspaper articles that prompted an investigation of U.S. aid to the Di\u1ec7m government. \"The American aid program in little free Vietnam is an outrageous scandal\", he said. \"We have wasted many millions of dollars.\" The President of the pro-Di\u1ec7m lobbying organization, American Friends of Vietnam, General John O'Daniel charged that \"what the Communists failed to achieve in five years - to cast doubt on the Free Vietnamese and American aid program there - was accomplished in one week of headlines.\" Senator William Fulbright said that \"these articles have done a great deal of damage...to our efforts in Vietnam.\"", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 29], "content_span": [30, 694]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077594-0020-0000", "contents": "1959 in the Vietnam War, July\nPeople's Army of Vietnam (PAVN) forces attacked Royal Lao Army forces along the North Vietnam-Laos border.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 29], "content_span": [30, 136]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077594-0021-0000", "contents": "1959 in the Vietnam War, July\nGeneral Samuel L. Myers, Deputy MAAG commander for South Vietnam, told a United States Senate committee hearing that the ARVN was \"now able to maintain internal security and...should there be renewed aggression from the north they can give a really good account of themselves.\" The committee praised the MAAG group for its work but called the U.S. mission 'the weakest country team we have met.\"", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 29], "content_span": [30, 425]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077594-0022-0000", "contents": "1959 in the Vietnam War, August\nThe Draper Committee, a bi-partisan committee of prominent Americans appointed by President Eisenhower to study the impact of foreign aid, praised the \"effectiveness of the [South] Vietnamese armed forces\" and endorsed the Eisenhower Administration's policies in Vietnam. A dissenter on the committee was General Lawton Collins who criticized Di\u1ec7m for his \"refusal to admit the development of a loyal opposition\" and opposed Di\u1ec7m's proposal to increase the size of the ARVN from 150,000 to 170,000 soldiers. The Draper Committee was created in reaction to the publication of the novel The Ugly American which had characterized much of American foreign aid as ineffective in fighting communism.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 31], "content_span": [32, 725]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077594-0023-0000", "contents": "1959 in the Vietnam War, August\nThe first arms shipment from North Vietnam to the VC arrived in South Vietnam. Three hundred and eight men carried 4 rifles and 44 pounds (20\u00a0kg) of ammunition each, departing June 10 and making their way through the demilitarized zone to the upper end of the A Shau Valley where the arms and ammunition were turned over to the VC. The trek was carried out during the rainy season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 31], "content_span": [32, 413]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077594-0024-0000", "contents": "1959 in the Vietnam War, August\nThe 1959 South Vietnamese legislative election chose the members of South Vietnam's National Assembly to serve three-year terms. The election was comfortably won, with abundant fraud, by the party of President Di\u1ec7m. The most prominent critic of the Di\u1ec7m government, Phan Quang Dan, won despite efforts by the government to defeat him by bussing in soldiers to vote multiple times. However, Dan and another independent deputy were not permitted to attend the first meeting of the National Assembly and were arrested and charged with electoral fraud.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 31], "content_span": [32, 580]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077594-0025-0000", "contents": "1959 in the Vietnam War, August\nNgo Dinh Nhu, the younger brother and chief adviser to President Di\u1ec7m, failed in an attempt to assassinate Prince Norodom Sihanouk of Cambodia. Two suitcases were delivered to Sihanouks' palace, one addressed to the head of state, and the other to Prince Vakrivan, his head of protocol. The deliveries were labeled as originating from an American engineer who had previously worked in Cambodia and purported to contain gifts from Hong Kong. Sihanouk's package contained a bomb, but the other did not; however, Vakrivan opened both on behalf of the monarch and was killed instantly, as was a servant. The explosion happened adjacent to a room in the palace where Sihanouk's parents were present.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 31], "content_span": [32, 726]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077594-0026-0000", "contents": "1959 in the Vietnam War, September\nA conference of U.S. Army intelligence officers concluded that the VC were not a serious threat and that \"the general security situation in the South Vietnam countryside shows a steady improvement.\"", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 34], "content_span": [35, 233]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077594-0027-0000", "contents": "1959 in the Vietnam War, September\nIn the Mekong Delta near the Cambodian border, approximately 100 VC guerrillas identified only as the \"2nd Liberation Battalion\" ambushed 360 ARVN soldiers. The ARVN unit lost 12 killed, 14 wounded, 9 missing or captured and most of their weapons. This was the largest military engagement between the VC and the ARVN to date. Two weeks later, in the same province, 45 ARVN surrendered to a smaller number of VC.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 34], "content_span": [35, 446]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077594-0028-0000", "contents": "1959 in the Vietnam War, September\nPresident Di\u1ec7m told General Williams that \"the strategic battle against the VC has been won; now remains the tactical battle, which means the complete cleaning out of the many small centers of VC activity.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 34], "content_span": [35, 240]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077594-0029-0000", "contents": "1959 in the Vietnam War, November\nMAAG in Saigon reported that the ARVN was conducting \"operations...against remnants of dissidents and Viet Cong guerrillas\" and that \"successful operations against these anti-government forces has facilitated the release of the majority of Vietnamese military units from pacification missions and has permitted increased emphasis on training.\" The emphasis of U.S. training and assistance continued to be to develop a conventional army of 150,000 soldiers to repel an invasion from North Vietnam. MAAG had not yet provided any training to the para-military Self-Defense Corps (numbering 43,000) or the Civil Guard (numbering 53,000) which were responsible for most aspects of security in rural areas.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 33], "content_span": [34, 734]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077594-0030-0000", "contents": "1959 in the Vietnam War, December\nGeneral Phoumi Nosavan takes power in Laos in a bloodless coup.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 33], "content_span": [34, 97]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077594-0031-0000", "contents": "1959 in the Vietnam War, December\nIn the last four months of 1959, the VC assassinated 110 local government leaders, mostly in rural areas.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 33], "content_span": [34, 139]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077594-0032-0000", "contents": "1959 in the Vietnam War, December\nBetween 1956 and the end of 1959, four American soldiers were killed in South Vietnam.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 33], "content_span": [34, 120]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077594-0033-0000", "contents": "1959 in the Vietnam War, December\nU.S. military personnel in South Vietnam numbered 760. South Vietnamese armed forces numbered 243,000, including the Civil Guard and Self-Defense Corps.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 33], "content_span": [34, 186]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077595-0000-0000", "contents": "1959 nine-pin bowling World Championships\nThe 1959 nine-pin bowling World Championships was the fourth edition of the championships and was held in Bautzen, East Germany, from 22 to 27 September 1959.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 41], "section_span": [41, 41], "content_span": [42, 200]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077595-0001-0000", "contents": "1959 nine-pin bowling World Championships\nIn the men's competition the title was won by Yugoslavia in the team competition and by Eberhard Luther (East Germany) in the individual event. In the women's competition the title was won by East Germany in the team competition and by Hilde Beljan (East Germany) in the individual event.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 41], "section_span": [41, 41], "content_span": [42, 330]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077595-0002-0000", "contents": "1959 nine-pin bowling World Championships, Results, Men - team\nThe competition was played with 200 throws mixed (100 full, 100 clean). Teams were composed of 6 competitors and the scores were added up.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 41], "section_span": [43, 62], "content_span": [63, 201]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077595-0003-0000", "contents": "1959 nine-pin bowling World Championships, Results, Women - team\nThe competition was played with 100 throws mixed (50 full, 50 clean). Teams were composed of 6 competitors and the scores were added up.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 41], "section_span": [43, 64], "content_span": [65, 201]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077596-0000-0000", "contents": "1959 \u00darvalsdeild, Overview\n1959 was the 48th league championships in Iceland, six teams played and for the first time teams met both home and away. KR won the championship. KR's \u00de\u00f3r\u00f3lfur Beck was the top scorer with 11 goals.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 16], "section_span": [18, 26], "content_span": [27, 225]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077597-0000-0000", "contents": "1959 \u00darvalsdeild karla (basketball)\nThe 1959 Icelandic Basketball Tournament was the 8th season of the top tier men's basketball in Iceland. It was orginized by K\u00f6rfuknattleiksr\u00e1\u00f0 Reykjav\u00edkur and started on 15 March 1959 and ended on 17 April 1959. \u00cdS won its first title by posting the best record in the league.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [35, 35], "content_span": [36, 313]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077597-0001-0000", "contents": "1959 \u00darvalsdeild karla (basketball), Competition format\nThe participating teams played each other once for a total of 3 games and the top placed team won the national championship. If two teams where tied at the seasons end in first place, an extra game would be played for the championship. The 1959 tournament used was the first one to use the new rulebook, translated by Bogi \u00deorsteinsson and Benedikt Jakobsson.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 55], "content_span": [56, 415]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077598-0000-0000", "contents": "1959/60 NTFL season\nThe 1959/60 NTFL season was the 39th season of the Northern Territory Football League (NTFL).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [19, 19], "content_span": [20, 113]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077598-0001-0000", "contents": "1959/60 NTFL season\nSt Marys have won their fourth premiership title while defeating the Buffaloes in the grand final by 47 points.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [19, 19], "content_span": [20, 131]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077599-0000-0000", "contents": "1959\u20131960 Massachusetts legislature\nThe 161st Massachusetts General Court, consisting of the Massachusetts Senate and the Massachusetts House of Representatives, met in 1959 and 1960 during the governorship of Foster Furcolo. John E. Powers served as president of the Senate and John F. Thompson served as speaker of the House.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [35, 35], "content_span": [36, 327]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077600-0000-0000", "contents": "1959\u201360 1re s\u00e9rie season\nThe 1959\u201360 1re s\u00e9rie season was the 39th season of the 1re s\u00e9rie, the top level of ice hockey in France. Athletic Club de Boulogne-Billancourt won their second league title.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [24, 24], "content_span": [25, 199]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077601-0000-0000", "contents": "1959\u201360 A Group\nStatistics of Bulgarian A Football Group in the 1959\u20131960 season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 15], "section_span": [15, 15], "content_span": [16, 81]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077601-0001-0000", "contents": "1959\u201360 A Group, Overview\nIt was contested by 12 teams, and CSKA Sofia won the championship.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 15], "section_span": [17, 25], "content_span": [26, 92]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077602-0000-0000", "contents": "1959\u201360 AHL season\nThe 1959\u201360 AHL season was the 24th season of the American Hockey League. Seven teams played 72 games each in the schedule. The Quebec Aces become the first Canada-based team in the league. The Springfield Indians finished first overall in the regular season, and won their first Calder Cup championship.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 18], "section_span": [18, 18], "content_span": [19, 323]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077602-0001-0000", "contents": "1959\u201360 AHL season, Final standings\nNote: GP = Games played; W = Wins; L = Losses; T = Ties; GF = Goals for; GA = Goals against; Pts = Points;", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 18], "section_span": [20, 35], "content_span": [36, 142]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077602-0002-0000", "contents": "1959\u201360 AHL season, Scoring leaders\nNote: GP = Games played; G = Goals; A = Assists; Pts = Points; PIM = Penalty minutes", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 18], "section_span": [20, 35], "content_span": [36, 120]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077602-0003-0000", "contents": "1959\u201360 AHL season, All Star Classic\nThe 7th AHL All-Star Game was played on December 10, 1959, at the Eastern States Coliseum, in West Springfield, Massachusetts. The Springfield Indians defeated the AHL All-Stars by an 8-3 score.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 18], "section_span": [20, 36], "content_span": [37, 231]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077603-0000-0000", "contents": "1959\u201360 Aberdeen F.C. season\nThe 1959\u201360 season was Aberdeen's 47th season in the top flight of Scottish football and their 49th season overall. Aberdeen competed in the Scottish League Division One, Scottish League Cup, and the Scottish Cup", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [28, 28], "content_span": [29, 241]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077604-0000-0000", "contents": "1959\u201360 Allsvenskan (men's handball)\nThe 1959\u201360 Allsvenskan was the 26th season of the top division of Swedish handball. 10 teams competed in the league. IK Heim won the league and claimed their fourth Swedish title. IF Guif and IFK Malm\u00f6 were relegated.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [36, 36], "content_span": [37, 255]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077605-0000-0000", "contents": "1959\u201360 Alpha Ethniki\nThe 1959\u201360 Alpha Ethniki was the 24th season of the highest football league of Greece and the first season of the nationwide league after the league replaced the Panhellenic Championship. The season began on 25 October 1959 and ended on 31 July 1960 with the play-off matches. Panathinaikos won their fourth Greek title and their first in seven years.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [21, 21], "content_span": [22, 374]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077605-0001-0000", "contents": "1959\u201360 Alpha Ethniki\n\u03a4he 16 teams that formed the first national championship were resulted as follows:", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [21, 21], "content_span": [22, 104]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077605-0002-0000", "contents": "1959\u201360 Alpha Ethniki\nThe point system was: Win: 3 points - Draw: 2 points - Loss: 1 point.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [21, 21], "content_span": [22, 91]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077605-0003-0000", "contents": "1959\u201360 Alpha Ethniki, Qualification Round\nInnitialy there were going to be 18 teams in the first division, however, the delay of 6 weeks in the start of the event due to the financial negotiations between the involved parties General Secretary of Sport, OPAP, HFF and in some places FCAs, put its serious completion in a timely manner. The HFF took the decision to reduce the number of teams to 16 and as a consequence a promotional play-off round was formed to decide the last two places of the championship.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [23, 42], "content_span": [43, 510]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077606-0000-0000", "contents": "1959\u201360 American Soccer League\nThis is the current revision of this page, as edited by Frietjes (talk | contribs) at 15:19, 14 March 2020. The present address (URL) is a permanent link to this version.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [30, 30], "content_span": [31, 201]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077607-0000-0000", "contents": "1959\u201360 Arsenal F.C. season\nDuring the 1959\u201360 English football season, Arsenal F.C. competed in the Football League First Division.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [27, 27], "content_span": [28, 132]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077607-0001-0000", "contents": "1959\u201360 Arsenal F.C. season, Squad\nNote: Flags indicate national team as defined under FIFA eligibility rules. Players may hold more than one non-FIFA nationality.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 34], "content_span": [35, 163]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077608-0000-0000", "contents": "1959\u201360 Atlantic Coast Conference men's basketball season, NIT\nLeague rules prevented ACC teams from playing in the NIT, 1954\u20131966", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 57], "section_span": [59, 62], "content_span": [63, 130]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077609-0000-0000", "contents": "1959\u201360 Auburn Tigers men's basketball team\nThe 1959\u201360 Auburn Tigers men's basketball team represented Auburn University in the 1959\u201360 college basketball season. The team's head coach was Joel Eaves, who was in his eleventh season at Auburn. The team played their home games at Auburn Sports Arena in Auburn, Alabama. They finished the season 19\u20133, 12\u20132 in SEC play to win the SEC regular season championship.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 43], "section_span": [43, 43], "content_span": [44, 411]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077610-0000-0000", "contents": "1959\u201360 Austrian Hockey League season\nThe 1959\u201360 Austrian Hockey League season was the 30th season of the Austrian Hockey League, the top level of ice hockey in Austria. Six teams participated in the league, and EC KAC won the championship.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [37, 37], "content_span": [38, 241]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077611-0000-0000", "contents": "1959\u201360 Austrian football championship, Overview\nIt was contested by 14 teams, and SK Rapid Wien won the championship.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 48], "content_span": [49, 118]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077613-0000-0000", "contents": "1959\u201360 Belgian First Division, Overview\nIt was contested by 16 teams, and Lierse S.K. won the championship.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 40], "content_span": [41, 108]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077613-0001-0000", "contents": "1959\u201360 Belgian First Division, League standings\nThis article about a Belgian association football competition is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by .", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 48], "content_span": [49, 149]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077614-0000-0000", "contents": "1959\u201360 Be\u015fikta\u015f J.K. season\nThe 1959\u201360 season, was the second season of the Turkish First Football League. Be\u015fikta\u015f finished first place, winning their first League title. Be\u015fikta\u015f also qualified for the UEFA Champions League for the third time.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [28, 28], "content_span": [29, 247]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077615-0000-0000", "contents": "1959\u201360 Birmingham City F.C. season\nThe 1959\u201360 Football League season was Birmingham City Football Club's 57th in the Football League and their 33rd in the First Division. They finished in 19th position in the 22-team division. They lost their opening third-round 1959\u201360 FA Cup-tie to Watford. In the 1958\u201360 Inter-Cities Fairs Cup, Birmingham reached the final, in which they lost 4\u20131 on aggregate to Barcelona.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [35, 35], "content_span": [36, 414]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077615-0001-0000", "contents": "1959\u201360 Birmingham City F.C. season\nTwenty-two players made at least one appearance in senior first-team competition, and there were fifteen different goalscorers. Half backs Trevor Smith and Johnny Watts played in 46 of the 47 first-team matches over the season, and Johnny Gordon finished as leading goalscorer with 19 goals in all competitions, of which 16 were scored in the league.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [35, 35], "content_span": [36, 386]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077615-0002-0000", "contents": "1959\u201360 Birmingham City F.C. season\nPat Beasley resigned as manager at the end of May 1960, to be replaced by club appearance record-holder Gil Merrick following his retirement as a player.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [35, 35], "content_span": [36, 189]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077615-0003-0000", "contents": "1959\u201360 Birmingham City F.C. season, Inter-Cities Fairs Cup\nThe early rounds of the 1958\u201360 Inter-Cities Fairs Cup were completed during Birmingham's 1958\u201359 season, leaving the semi-finals and final to be played this season. In the semi-final, Birmingham beat Belgian club Union Saint-Gilloise 4\u20132 in each leg to reach the final, in which they played Barcelona, who had eliminated them at the semi-final stage in the previous edition of the competition.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 59], "content_span": [60, 454]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077615-0004-0000", "contents": "1959\u201360 Birmingham City F.C. season, Inter-Cities Fairs Cup\nThe first leg of the final was played in \"bitter, slanting rain\" on a St Andrew's pitch that \"almost from one goal to the other down the centre, was a series of little lakes\". Birmingham played a \"fast, open game\" more suited to the conditions, while Barcelona's technical superiority was blunted both by the mud and by the \"hard-tackling, grafting, bustling Birmingham defence, in which Smith and Neal in particular stood out like rocks long before the end\".", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 59], "content_span": [60, 519]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077615-0004-0001", "contents": "1959\u201360 Birmingham City F.C. season, Inter-Cities Fairs Cup\nIn the second half, Barcelona tired; El Mundo Deportivo noted that they had played a league match in Seville only 48 hours earlier and the players were not machines. The home side had three good chances: Ramallets dived at Hooper's feet, Weston ran the ball out of play when under no pressure, and a \"sliding tackle from nowhere by Gensana turned away what looked like a certain goal\", again for Weston.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 59], "content_span": [60, 463]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077615-0005-0000", "contents": "1959\u201360 Birmingham City F.C. season, Inter-Cities Fairs Cup\nThe Times' correspondent's fears that Birmingham had missed their opportunity\u00a0\u2013 \"here was a setting that favoured Birmingham's particular style, and they did not win\"\u00a0\u2013 were realised in the second leg. In a one-sided match in front of a crowd of 75,000, Barcelona were two goals up after six minutes, and doubled their tally before Murphy broke down the left and sent a long pass towards Hooper, whose mobility helped him beat Ramallets to the ball and score with a header.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 59], "content_span": [60, 533]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077616-0000-0000", "contents": "1959\u201360 Blackpool F.C. season\nThe 1959\u201360 season was Blackpool F.C. 's 52nd season (49th consecutive) in the Football League. They competed in the 22-team Division One, then the top tier of English football, finishing eleventh, mid-table.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [29, 29], "content_span": [30, 238]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077616-0001-0000", "contents": "1959\u201360 Blackpool F.C. season\nRay Charnley was the club's top scorer for the second consecutive season, with eighteen goals.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [29, 29], "content_span": [30, 124]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077616-0002-0000", "contents": "1959\u201360 Blackpool F.C. season\nHugh Kelly retired at the end of the season after seventeen years of service for Blackpool, his only professional club. George Farm left mid season to join Queen of the South after becoming the first player to make 500 first team appearances for Blackpool.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [29, 29], "content_span": [30, 286]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077617-0000-0000", "contents": "1959\u201360 Boston Bruins season\nThe 1959\u201360 Boston Bruins season saw the Bruins finish in fifth place in the National Hockey League (NHL) with a record of 28 wins, 34 losses, and 8 ties for 64 points.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [28, 28], "content_span": [29, 197]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077617-0001-0000", "contents": "1959\u201360 Boston Bruins season, Playoffs\nBoston's fifth-place finish caused them to miss the Stanley Cup playoffs for the first time since the 1955\u201356 season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 38], "content_span": [39, 156]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077617-0002-0000", "contents": "1959\u201360 Boston Bruins season, Transactions\nClaim Aut Erikson from Chicago, Charlie Burns from Detroit and Bruce Gamble from New York.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 42], "content_span": [43, 133]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077618-0000-0000", "contents": "1959\u201360 Boston Celtics season\nThe 1959\u201360 Boston Celtics season was the 14th season for the franchise in the National Basketball Association (NBA). The Celtics finished the season by winning their third NBA Championship.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [29, 29], "content_span": [30, 220]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077619-0000-0000", "contents": "1959\u201360 Botola\nThe 1959\u201360 Botola is the 4th season of the Moroccan Premier League. KAC K\u00e9nitra are the holders of the title.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [14, 14], "content_span": [15, 125]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077620-0000-0000", "contents": "1959\u201360 Bradford City A.F.C. season\nThe 1959\u201360 Bradford City A.F.C. season was the 47th in the club's history.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [35, 35], "content_span": [36, 111]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077620-0001-0000", "contents": "1959\u201360 Bradford City A.F.C. season\nThe club finished 19th in Division Three, and reached the 5th round of the FA Cup.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [35, 35], "content_span": [36, 118]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077621-0000-0000", "contents": "1959\u201360 Brentford F.C. season\nDuring the 1959\u201360 English football season, Brentford competed in the Football League Third Division. A strong run in the final 13 matches of the season lifted the Bees from mid-table to a 6th-place finish.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [29, 29], "content_span": [30, 236]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077621-0001-0000", "contents": "1959\u201360 Brentford F.C. season, Season summary\nAfter two strong pushes for promotion from the Third Division, Brentford manager Malky MacDonald conducted little transfer business in the 1959 off-season, with his main signing being that of former Chelsea centre half Bill Livingstone as cover for the injured Ian Dargie. However, two youngsters MacDonald signed from Scotland in June and July 1959 between them would go on to make nearly 700 appearances for the club \u2013 Tommy Higginson and John Docherty. As a testament how little the squad had changed over the previous three years, by the end of the season MacDonald had 12 players on the books who had all made over 100 appearances for Brentford \u2013 Cakebread, Wilson, Horne, Coote, Bristow, Goundry, Dargie, Parsons, Heath, Rainford, Francis and Towers.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 45], "content_span": [46, 802]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077621-0002-0000", "contents": "1959\u201360 Brentford F.C. season, Season summary\nDespite runs of one defeat in seven matches in August and September 1959 and six wins in seven matches in October, Brentford had uneven first half of the season and were rooted firmly in mid-table at the turn of the year. Jim Towers became the Bees' record Football League goalscorer courtesy of a hattrick in a 3\u20130 defeat of Accrington Stanley on 24 October 1959 and he had taken 19 fewer matches to pass Jack Holliday's record.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 45], "content_span": [46, 475]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077621-0002-0001", "contents": "1959\u201360 Brentford F.C. season, Season summary\nTowers' strike partner George Francis followed up with a hattrick in a 4\u20132 derby victory over rivals Queens Park Rangers and eclipsed that performance with a four-goal haul in a 5\u20130 FA Cup first round victory over non-league club Ashford Town on 14 November. With the Brentford's so-so league form, the FA Cup looked to be the focus of the Bees' efforts, but they met their end in the following round versus Fourth Division club Exeter City.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 45], "content_span": [46, 487]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077621-0003-0000", "contents": "1959\u201360 Brentford F.C. season, Season summary\nBrentford welcomed the 1960s with a 2\u20130 defeat to the eventual-promoted side Southampton at The Dell on 2 January 1960 and continued to muddle through to March, when a 1\u20130 victory over Bournemouth & Boscombe Athletic on the 5th of the month kicked off a strong run which would last until the end of the season. In the remaining 13 matches of the campaign, George Francis and Jim Towers each scored eight goals to fire Brentford to a 6th-place finish. Francis ended the season as top scorer with 31 goals, the second time he had managed to better his fellow \"Terrible Twin\" Towers' total.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 45], "content_span": [46, 633]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077622-0000-0000", "contents": "1959\u201360 British Home Championship\nThe 1959\u201360 British Home Championship football tournament was played by the British Home Nations throughout the 1959\u201360 season and was shared between three of the competing teams at the expense of Ireland. Football at the United Kingdom was at a low point in 1959 and 1960, following the failure of the national sides (except Wales and Ireland), to perform well in the 1958 FIFA World Cup two years before. A part of the problem involved the deaths of senior members of all four national sides at the Munich air disaster in early 1958. England had also suffered a further loss of confidence following poor form in a pre-season tour of the Americas, losing three games in a row to Brazil, Peru 4\u20131 and Mexico. An 8\u20131 victory over a weak United States in the final match did little to raise their spirits.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [33, 33], "content_span": [34, 837]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077622-0001-0000", "contents": "1959\u201360 British Home Championship\nThe title was shared between three teams who were unable to beat each other but all managed a victory over the hapless Irish. The Scots started well, with a 4\u20130 drubbing of their opponents in Belfast whilst the English and Welsh played out a tame draw. This set the tone for the tournament, with the Irish losing their subsequent matches with more respectable scorelines but still unable to gain a point.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [33, 33], "content_span": [34, 438]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077622-0001-0001", "contents": "1959\u201360 British Home Championship\nThe Scots could not capitalise on their good start and were held by England and Wales in their subsequent matches whilst the Welsh took their draws and narrowly beat Ireland in their last match to claim their own third share of the title. Goal difference was not at this stage used to differentiate between the teams. if it had been, Scotland would have won with Wales and England again tied for second.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [33, 33], "content_span": [34, 437]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077623-0000-0000", "contents": "1959\u201360 British National League season\nThe 1959\u201360 British National League season was the sixth and final season of the British National League (1954\u20131960). Five teams participated in the league, and the Streatham Royals won the championship.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [38, 38], "content_span": [39, 242]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077624-0000-0000", "contents": "1959\u201360 Bulgarian Cup\nThe 1959\u201360 Bulgarian Cup was the 20th season of the Bulgarian Cup (in this period the tournament was named Cup of the Soviet Army). Septemvri Sofia won the competition, beating Lokomotiv Plovdiv 4\u20133 after extra time in the final at the Vasil Levski National Stadium.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [21, 21], "content_span": [22, 289]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077625-0000-0000", "contents": "1959\u201360 Bulgarian Hockey League season\nThe 1959\u201360 Bulgarian Hockey League season was the eighth season of the Bulgarian Hockey League, the top level of ice hockey in Bulgaria. 10 teams participated in the league, and Cerveno Zname Sofia won the championship.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [38, 38], "content_span": [39, 259]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077626-0000-0000", "contents": "1959\u201360 Burnley F.C. season\nThe 1959\u201360 season was Burnley's 61st season in the Football League, and their 13th consecutive campaign in the First Division. Managed by Harry Potts, the team endured a tense season, in which Tottenham Hotspur and Wolverhampton Wanderers were the other contenders for the league title. Burnley won their second First Division championship, and their first since 1920\u201321, on the last matchday with a 2\u20131 victory at Manchester City; they had not topped the table until the last match was played out.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [27, 27], "content_span": [28, 527]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077626-0000-0001", "contents": "1959\u201360 Burnley F.C. season\nOnly two players\u2014Jimmy McIlroy and Alex Elder\u2014had cost a transfer fee, while the others were recruited from Burnley\u2019s youth academy. With 80,000 inhabitants, the town of Burnley became one of the smallest to have an English first-tier champion. In the FA Cup, Burnley reached the sixth round before being defeated by main rivals Blackburn Rovers after a replay. The team won the local Lancashire Cup for the fifth time in their history after defeating Manchester United in the final.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [27, 27], "content_span": [28, 511]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077626-0001-0000", "contents": "1959\u201360 Burnley F.C. season\nDuring the season, 18 players made at least one appearance for the club, with Brian Miller, Jimmy Adamson and Ray Pointer present in all 50 competitive matches. Their top goalscorer was John Connelly with 24 competitive goals, including 20 in the league. The highest attendance recorded at Turf Moor was 52,850 for the FA Cup fifth round replay match against Bradford City; the lowest was 17,398 for the league game against Leeds United. The average attendance during the season was 26,869; about 33 per cent of the town's population, the highest percentage in the top flight. After the regular season ended, the Burnley squad travelled to the United States to participate in the International Soccer League, the first modern international American football tournament.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [27, 27], "content_span": [28, 797]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077626-0002-0000", "contents": "1959\u201360 Burnley F.C. season, Background and pre-season\nThe 1959\u201360 campaign was Burnley's 13th consecutive season in the Football League First Division, since promotion from the Football League Second Division in 1946\u201347. The team had finished the previous season in seventh place and had reached the sixth round of the FA Cup. They ended the season with 8 wins out of 13 in the league, and approached the new season with confidence. Burnley's chairman, Bob Lord, was elected to the position in 1955. He only appointed managers with a previous playing career at the club; he selected Harry Potts for the post in February 1958.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 54], "content_span": [55, 626]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077626-0002-0001", "contents": "1959\u201360 Burnley F.C. season, Background and pre-season\nBurnley had become one of the most progressive clubs under Lord, who was described by Arthur Hopcraft as \"the Khrushchev of Burnley\" as a result of his authoritative attitude. They were one of the first to set up a purpose-built training centre (at Gawthorpe in 1955), which included a medical room, a gymnasium, three full-size pitches and an all-weather surface. Burnley also became renowned for their youth policy and scouting system. Their scouts\u2014including Jack Hixon\u2014were particularly based in North East England, Scotland and Northern Ireland.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 54], "content_span": [55, 604]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077626-0003-0000", "contents": "1959\u201360 Burnley F.C. season, Background and pre-season\nDuring matches, Potts often employed the then unfashionable 4\u20134\u20132 formation and he implemented a total football playing style. Billy Wright of Wolverhampton Wanderers described Burnley's playing style as \"progressing [from defense to attack] by nicely controlled patterns with every man searching hungrily for space\". Jimmy Greaves labelled their style of play as \"smooth, skilled football that was a warming advertisement for all that was best about British football\".", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 54], "content_span": [55, 524]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077626-0003-0001", "contents": "1959\u201360 Burnley F.C. season, Background and pre-season\nPotts' team mainly revolved around the duo of captain Jimmy Adamson and Jimmy McIlroy, the team's playmaker, while his squad consisted mostly of players who were recruited from the club's youth academy\u2014only McIlroy and left-back Alex Elder had cost a transfer fee. Both players were bought from Northern Irish club Glentoran; McIlroy transferred to Burnley for \u00a38,000 in 1950, while Elder cost the club \u00a35,000 in January 1959.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 54], "content_span": [55, 481]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077626-0004-0000", "contents": "1959\u201360 Burnley F.C. season, Background and pre-season\nPotts made no major additions to the squad during pre-season, while Ken Bracewell (to Tranmere Rovers), Albert Cheesebrough (to Leicester City for \u00a320,000), Doug Newlands (to Stoke City for \u00a312,000) and Les Shannon (retired) left the club. On 17 August, the team played a pre-season friendly against Glentoran, which was organised as part of Elder's transfer. Burnley defeated their opponents 8\u20131, with Jimmy Robson scoring four times. Their kit remained unchanged from the previous seasons\u2014a claret jersey with light blue sleeves, a light blue stripe around the collar, and white shorts along with claret and light blue socks.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 54], "content_span": [55, 682]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077626-0005-0000", "contents": "1959\u201360 Burnley F.C. season, First Division, August to December\nThe club's First Division campaign began with a 3\u20132 win over Leeds United at Elland Road on 22 August, with goals from Brian Pilkington, John Connelly and forward Ray Pointer. Tommy Cummings played the game in an unfamiliar left-back role, where he would remain the following six matches before being reinstated at centre-back. Ahead of Burnley's first home match of the season against Everton at Turf Moor, Potts wrote in the club's matchday programme: \"We pride ourselves on being a footballing team and no club can be more eager to meet the demand for better play.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 63], "content_span": [64, 631]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077626-0005-0001", "contents": "1959\u201360 Burnley F.C. season, First Division, August to December\nThat being so strongly ingrained in our intentions we confidently anticipate providing you with good displays\". The team defeated Everton 5\u20132, with two goals from Connelly, and one each from Pilkington, Pointer and Robson. A 3\u20131 defeat at home against West Ham United followed, despite taking the lead through Connelly, before Everton were beaten 2\u20131 in the reverse fixture after being 1\u20130 down. Burnley's form remained inconsistent: a 4\u20131 away loss against Chelsea was followed by two 2\u20131 wins at home against Preston North End and West Bromwich Albion, after coming from behind on both occasions.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 63], "content_span": [64, 662]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077626-0005-0002", "contents": "1959\u201360 Burnley F.C. season, First Division, August to December\nMcIlroy picked up an injury against West Brom, after he landed on his shoulder following a hard challenge from Maurice Setters. Potts had selected the same starting line-up for the first seven matches, but he made several changes to his side before the reverse fixture against local rivals Preston on 15 September: McIlroy was replaced by Billy White, while Bobby Seith had contacted giant urticaria and was replaced by Cummings, leaving the left-back position open for the 18-year old Elder to make his debut. Burnley lost the fixture 1\u20130 but Elder played well against his opponent Tom Finney and remained in the starting line-up.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 63], "content_span": [64, 695]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077626-0006-0000", "contents": "1959\u201360 Burnley F.C. season, First Division, August to December\nThey ended September by beating Newcastle United and Birmingham City, both by a scoreline of 3\u20131, to go into the top four and a point behind league leaders Tottenham Hotspur, who were Burnley's next opponents at White Hart Lane on 3 October. Both teams missed key players\u2014Spurs missed midfielders Dave Mackay and Danny Blanchflower, the latter due to international duty, while McIlroy was absent for Burnley. The match ended in a 1\u20131 draw, with defender Brian Miller equalising in the 87th minute.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 63], "content_span": [64, 561]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077626-0006-0001", "contents": "1959\u201360 Burnley F.C. season, First Division, August to December\nBurnley then faced Lancashire rivals Blackpool at home; the team took the lead through Robson but the visitors scored four goals to win 4\u20131. Before the East Lancashire derby at Blackburn Rovers on 17 October, Potts received criticism from the supporters who objected his \"confusing\" playing style, such as the defenders switching positions during matches, and the occasional errors the back line made. Against Blackburn, the team equalised twice, but the hosts scored a third goal ten minutes before time to win 3\u20132; goalkeeper Adam Blacklaw was at fault for two Rovers' goals including the winner.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 63], "content_span": [64, 662]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077626-0006-0002", "contents": "1959\u201360 Burnley F.C. season, First Division, August to December\nMcIlroy was back to full fitness for the match against Manchester City and inspired the team to a 4\u20133 victory. They ended October with a 1\u20131 draw at Luton Town, after being 1\u20130 down. Potts pointed to Kenilworth Road's small pitch dimensions as one of the reasons for the point loss.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 63], "content_span": [64, 346]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077626-0007-0000", "contents": "1959\u201360 Burnley F.C. season, First Division, August to December\nBurnley's next match at Turf Moor saw them face Wolverhampton Wanderers, who were the First Division champions of the previous two seasons. Burnley won 4\u20131, with two goals from Pointer, and one each from Robson and Connelly, to go into the top five of the table. The team then drew 1\u20131 against Sheffield Wednesday at Hillsborough, before beating last season's FA Cup winners Nottingham Forest 8\u20130 at Turf Moor. It was Burnley's biggest post-war league win; Robson scored five times, while Pointer found the net twice and Pilkington once. Burnley kept their first clean sheet of the season, and Robson, who was previously criticised for his \"weak ball control\", became the club's first player in over 30 years to score five goals in one match. It was followed by a 1\u20130 loss against newly-promoted Fulham on 28 November.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 63], "content_span": [64, 882]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077626-0008-0000", "contents": "1959\u201360 Burnley F.C. season, First Division, August to December\nBolton Wanderers were the next opponents and were comfortably beaten 4\u20130, before Burnley defeated Arsenal 4\u20132 at Highbury on 12 December. Arsenal led 2\u20130 after the first half; during half-time Potts instructed McIlroy to adopt a deeper midfield role, while Miller was also pushed forward. The team turned the match around: Adamson scored a penalty kick halfway through the second half and Connelly completed his hat-trick inside 16 minutes. McIlroy received many plaudits for his performance, even though he had picked up a groin strain injury early during the game.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 63], "content_span": [64, 630]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077626-0008-0001", "contents": "1959\u201360 Burnley F.C. season, First Division, August to December\nWith McIlroy absent, Burnley hosted last-place Leeds United in front of a season-lowest crowd of 17,398. Leeds won 1\u20130 and Burnley slipped down from third to fourth place in the table, three points behind leaders Tottenham. A 2\u20131 win against Manchester United at Old Trafford on Boxing Day followed, with forward Ian Lawson coming back into the side after three years and scoring the winner. In the return fixture against United two days later, Burnley lost 4\u20131 in front of 47,696 spectators\u2014the biggest home league crowd of the season. McIlroy returned in the starting line-up, but was unfit and contributed little in attack.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 63], "content_span": [64, 690]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077626-0009-0000", "contents": "1959\u201360 Burnley F.C. season, First Division, January to May\nOn 2 January, Burnley defeated title contenders West Ham 5\u20132 with McIlroy absent; Lawson and Connelly both scored twice, while Pilkington added a further goal. The Sunday Pictorial concluded: \"If they go on playing like this they'll soon have nobody above them\". A 2\u20131 victory against Chelsea on a snowy Turf Moor pitch followed, before Burnley were held to a 0\u20130 draw at The Hawthorns by West Bromwich Albion to end January in second place in the table.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 59], "content_span": [60, 514]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077626-0009-0001", "contents": "1959\u201360 Burnley F.C. season, First Division, January to May\nThe team started February well by beating Newcastle United 2\u20131, the scorers being Robson with a 30-yard strike and Pointer with an \"exquisite\" lob. Their match against Birmingham City on 13 February was postponed due to poor weather. Burnley lost their following league game, against Bolton Wanderers, by two goals to one, which sent them down to fourth place in the table. On 1 March, Burnley hosted league leaders Tottenham at Turf Moor. Pointer and Connelly both scored to give Burnley a 2\u20130 win and to close the gap to three points but with two games in hand on Spurs. The team also beat Blackburn Rovers 1\u20130 and Arsenal 3\u20132 to win three league matches in a row. On 30 March, they travelled to second-placed Wolverhampton Wanderers; Burnley were overwhelmed by \"Wolves' fast, direct power play\" and were defeated 6\u20131.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 59], "content_span": [60, 881]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077626-0010-0000", "contents": "1959\u201360 Burnley F.C. season, First Division, January to May\nThe following game, at home against Sheffield Wednesday on 2 April, ended in a 3\u20133 draw after an equaliser from Miller in the 88th minute. It was Seith's last match for the club; he read in the Burnley Express that he would not play against Nottingham Forest and was aggrieved at not being told directly by Potts. A dispute followed, after which he was put on the transfer list. Adamson was moved to the centre-half position to partner Cummings, while Miller was placed in midfield.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 59], "content_span": [60, 542]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077626-0010-0001", "contents": "1959\u201360 Burnley F.C. season, First Division, January to May\nThis resulted in three consecutive wins: Forest and Leicester City were both defeated 1\u20130, while Burnley beat Luton 3\u20130 despite only having 10 men for most of the game. Connelly scored the winning goal against Leicester, his 20th league goal of the season, but picked up a cartilage injury during the match and was out for the remainder of the season; he was replaced by Trevor Meredith. On 18 April, Meredith scored his first goal in a 2\u20131 loss in the return game at Leicester, with former Burnley player Cheesebrough netting the winner for the home team.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 59], "content_span": [60, 616]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077626-0011-0000", "contents": "1959\u201360 Burnley F.C. season, First Division, January to May\nOn 23 April, Burnley made the trip to Bloomfield Road to play Blackpool. The \"jittery\" Jim Furnell replaced the injured Blacklaw and made his debut for the club. Burnley went ahead through Meredith but the hosts equalised with six minutes remaining. The team's main rivals for the league title, Tottenham and Wolves, met on the same day at Molineux; Spurs won 3\u20131 to leave the title race open. This was the penultimate match for both sides, while Burnley still had three games to play. Burnley's next opponents were Birmingham City.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 59], "content_span": [60, 592]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077626-0011-0001", "contents": "1959\u201360 Burnley F.C. season, First Division, January to May\nBlacklaw returned in goal, while Cummings, McIlroy and Miller also played despite carrying knocks; the team won 1\u20130 after a late goal from Pilkington. The team moved up to second place behind Wolves on goal average and one point ahead of Tottenham. Fulham were the visitors at Turf Moor for Burnley's final home game of the season but it ended in a goalless draw. Wolverhampton Wanderers and Tottenham both won their final games; Burnley needed to win their last match at Manchester City to win the league title.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 59], "content_span": [60, 572]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077626-0011-0002", "contents": "1959\u201360 Burnley F.C. season, First Division, January to May\nOn 2 May, in front of almost 66,000 spectators at Maine Road\u2014including Wolves manager Stan Cullis and several of his players\u2014Burnley went ahead after four minutes when Pilkington's shot deflected off City's Bert Trautmann into the net. The hosts soon equalised through Joe Hayes but Meredith's volley put the team back in front after half an hour. Blacklaw made several saves and the team held on to the lead. Burnley were crowned First Division champions for the second time; their first top flight title in 39 years. They had not led the table until the last match was played out. The Daily Mirror noted: \"Burnley, the team of quiet men\u2014five of them are part-timers and the whole outfit cost less than \u00a315,000\u2014snatched the First Division Championship from the teeth of the famous Wolves\".", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 59], "content_span": [60, 850]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077626-0012-0000", "contents": "1959\u201360 Burnley F.C. season, First Division, January to May\nBurnley's population had reduced by around 20 per cent since they last won the First Division in 1921; with 80,000 inhabitants in 1960, the town became one of the smallest to have an English first-tier champion. During the season, Turf Moor attracted an average crowd of 26,869; about 33 per cent of the town's population, the highest percentage in the top flight. The team won the title with one of the lowest post-war point tallies (55), one of the smallest goal differences (+24), and one of the highest numbers of goals conceded (61). Burnley's title-winning squad cost only \u00a313,000 in transfer fees\u2014\u00a38,000 on McIlroy and \u00a35,000 on Elder\u2014while the other players came from their youth academy; they set the record for being the \"cheapest post-war champions\".", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 59], "content_span": [60, 821]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077626-0013-0000", "contents": "1959\u201360 Burnley F.C. season, FA Cup\nBurnley entered the season's FA Cup in the third round where they were drawn away on 9 January against Second Division side Lincoln City. Without the ill McIlroy, Pointer opened the scoring midway through the first half. Lincoln began to push forward in the second half and equalised through Ron Harbertson in the 65th minute to send the tie to a replay. Three days later, although not fully fit, McIlroy returned in the starting line-up and opened the scoring from the penalty spot.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 35], "content_span": [36, 519]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077626-0013-0001", "contents": "1959\u201360 Burnley F.C. season, FA Cup\nHe provided the assist for Pilkington's headed goal to lead Burnley to a 2\u20130 victory and qualification for the fourth round. On 30 January, the team faced mid-table Second Division side Swansea Town at Vetch Field. The home side took the lead in the 65th minute through Reg Davies but the goal was disallowed for offside. The tie ended in a 0\u20130 draw; the Swansea manager Trevor Morris was confident and stated: \"We'll win the replay\". Burnley were again without the services of McIlroy in the replay, who continued to struggle against injury. Robson scored twice to put the team 2\u20130 ahead, before Swansea's Mel Nurse halved the lead in the 83rd minute. They held on to the lead to set up a fifth-round tie with West Yorkshire club Bradford City.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 35], "content_span": [36, 781]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077626-0014-0000", "contents": "1959\u201360 Burnley F.C. season, FA Cup\nOn 20 February, Burnley travelled to Valley Parade to play Third Division side Bradford City, who were undefeated in 18 matches and had beaten Everton 3\u20130 in the third round. The Valley Parade pitch was very muddy; Potts wore Wellington boots to inspect the field before the game. As a result of the state of the pitch, Burnley were hindered in their passing game, and City took a 2\u20130 lead through Bobby Webb and Derek Stokes. With ten minutes remaining, Connelly dribbled through the Bradford defense and put the ball past their goalkeeper.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 35], "content_span": [36, 577]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077626-0014-0001", "contents": "1959\u201360 Burnley F.C. season, FA Cup\nHe scored his second goal in injury time to salvage a replay for Burnley, following a scramble in City's penalty area. The second clash between the clubs took place three days later at Turf Moor, in front of an official attendance of 52,850; some of the gates were broken down, however, and many uncounted fans poured into the ground. Due to the traffic, the road from Bradford over the Moss at Colne was closed; the Bradford City supporters and numerous Burnley fans were excluded by the local police, while Connelly had to abandon his car and run to the ground. On an icey Turf Moor pitch, Burnley ran out 5\u20130 winners to advance to the sixth round, with Pointer and Robson both scoring braces and Connelly adding a further goal.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 35], "content_span": [36, 766]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077626-0015-0000", "contents": "1959\u201360 Burnley F.C. season, FA Cup\nBurnley were drawn at home for the first time in the FA Cup campaign. On 12 March, they faced arch-rivals Blackburn Rovers in front of 51,501 spectators at Turf Moor. Burnley quickly went 2\u20130 up after the first half had remained goalless: McIlroy set up both goals, with Pilkington and then Pointer finding the net. Connelly added a third in the 61st minute before Blackburn pulled one back from the penalty spot with 15 minutes remaining after a handball from Elder. Peter Dobing and Mick McGrath added further goals for Rovers in the following ten minutes to force a replay.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 35], "content_span": [36, 612]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077626-0015-0001", "contents": "1959\u201360 Burnley F.C. season, FA Cup\nAlthough the team had thrown away a three-goal lead, the Burnley players were optimistic they could win the replay. On 16 March, Burnley travelled to Ewood Park; after a goalless 90 minutes, the replay went into extra time during which Rovers scored twice through Dobing and Ally MacLeod to eliminate their rivals from the competition. Robson had played while being ill; McIlroy was again not fully fit and concluded: \"I had probably my poorest ever game in a Burnley shirt\". It also meant Burnley were deprived of becoming the first English club in the 20th century to achieve the First Division and FA Cup double. Blackburn advanced to the final where they lost 3\u20130 to Wolves.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 35], "content_span": [36, 714]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077626-0016-0000", "contents": "1959\u201360 Burnley F.C. season, Minor competitions, Lancashire Cup\nBurnley also participated in the Lancashire Cup, although their line-ups consisted primarily of reserve and youth players. Their first game, in the group stage against Manchester City on 23 November, ended in a 5\u20131 victory with five different goalscorers for the club\u2014White, Ron Fenton, Ian Towers, Andy Lochhead and Gordon Harris. The team's second and final group stage match at Chester ended in a 3\u20131 win and progression to the semi-final, with Meredith and Harris (2) both on the scoresheet. In the semi-final, they were drawn away against Preston North End.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 63], "content_span": [64, 626]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077626-0016-0001", "contents": "1959\u201360 Burnley F.C. season, Minor competitions, Lancashire Cup\nBurnley's side ultimately proved too strong for Preston as it ended 3\u20130 with Lochhead, Peter Simpson and Harris scoring. Manchester United were their opponents in the final on 12 April as Burnley secured their fifth Lancashire Cup title after winning 4\u20132 at Turf Moor. Walter Joyce and Harris each scored one goal, while Lochhead netted a brace.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 63], "content_span": [64, 409]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077626-0017-0000", "contents": "1959\u201360 Burnley F.C. season, Minor competitions, International Soccer League\nAfter the regular season ended, the Burnley squad travelled to the United States to represent England in the initial edition of the International Soccer League, the first modern international American football competition. The team entered the first group, together with five other clubs from Europe or North America. Their first opponents were Bayern Munich on 28 May; the Germans were beaten 3\u20130 through goals from Pointer, Pilkington and Miller. On 1 June, Burnley faced Kilmarnock, the 1959\u201360 Scottish Football League runners-up, and lost 2\u20130.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 76], "content_span": [77, 625]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077626-0017-0001", "contents": "1959\u201360 Burnley F.C. season, Minor competitions, International Soccer League\nThe team then drew 3\u20133 with home side New York Americans before winning 6\u20132 against Northern Irish club Glenavon. In the latter game, Pilkington scored a hat-trick, while Miller netted a brace and Harris added a further goal. Their final group match on 19 June saw them face French club Nice, who had won four Ligue 1 titles during the 1950s, and most recently in 1958\u201359. Burnley proved too strong for Nice; they won 4\u20130 with two goals from Lawson and one each from Pilkington and Robson.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 76], "content_span": [77, 566]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077626-0017-0002", "contents": "1959\u201360 Burnley F.C. season, Minor competitions, International Soccer League\nBurnley finished runners-up in the group behind Kilmarnock, who advanced to the final but lost against Brazilian side Bangu. Although the team faced strong opponents, the players found it hard to take the tournament seriously. The stadium announcer often misinterpreted the referee's decisions, the crowd showed little interest in the games, and every match would end with a countdown \"worthy of a space-rocket launching\".", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 76], "content_span": [77, 499]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077626-0018-0000", "contents": "1959\u201360 Burnley F.C. season, Player details\nPotts used only 18 different players in the First Division and FA Cup during the season, the lowest number in the division; ten players scored at least one goal and one opposition player scored an own goal. The team played in a 4\u20134\u20132 formation throughout the season, with four defenders, four midfielders and two forwards. Miller, Adamson and Pointer featured in all 50 league and cup games; Blacklaw, John Angus and Pilkington each missed one First Division match and made 49 appearances for the club.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 43], "content_span": [44, 546]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077626-0018-0001", "contents": "1959\u201360 Burnley F.C. season, Player details\nAngus would go on to set a club record for appearances for outfield players with 521. Harris made just two appearances for Burnley in the First Division, while Billy Marshall and Furnell featured in only one match during the campaign. Connelly was the top goalscorer for Burnley with 24 competitive goals, including 20 in the league. With a tally of 23 goals, Pointer was the second-highest scorer, followed by Robson with 22; both players also scored four goals in the FA Cup. Connelly, Pointer and Robson scored two-thirds of the club's 85 league goals.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 43], "content_span": [44, 599]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077626-0019-0000", "contents": "1959\u201360 Burnley F.C. season, Player details\nGK = Goalkeeper, DF = Defender, MF = Midfielder, FW = Forward", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 43], "content_span": [44, 105]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077626-0020-0000", "contents": "1959\u201360 Burnley F.C. season, Aftermath\nSeith, who had been put on the transfer list by the club, was sold to Dundee in the summer for \u00a37,500. Although he had made 27 First Division appearances during the season, Seith was not awarded a championship medal, although he would finally receive one in 1999. He would go on to win the 1961\u201362 Scottish Division One and reach the semi-finals of the 1962\u201363 European Cup with Dundee. The championship-winning team remained intact going into the 1960\u201361 season and was strengthened with reserve and youth players such as Joyce and Lochhead. Burnley would go on to compete in six different competitions the following season\u2014the First Division, the FA Cup, the newly created Football League Cup, the FA Charity Shield, the European Cup and the Lancashire Cup.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 38], "content_span": [39, 798]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077627-0000-0000", "contents": "1959\u201360 Cardiff City F.C. season\nThe 1959\u201360 season was Cardiff City F.C. 's 33rd season in the Football League. They competed in the 22-team Division Two, then the second tier of English football, finishing second, winning promotion to Division One.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [32, 32], "content_span": [33, 250]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077627-0001-0000", "contents": "1959\u201360 Cardiff City F.C. season, Players\nNote: Flags indicate national team as defined under FIFA eligibility rules. Players may hold more than one non-FIFA nationality.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 41], "content_span": [42, 170]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077628-0000-0000", "contents": "1959\u201360 Carlisle United F.C. season\nFor the 1959\u201360 season, Carlisle United F.C. competed in Football League Division Four.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [35, 35], "content_span": [36, 123]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077629-0000-0000", "contents": "1959\u201360 Celtic F.C. season\nDuring the 1959\u201360 Scottish football season, Celtic competed in Scottish Division One.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [26, 26], "content_span": [27, 113]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077630-0000-0000", "contents": "1959\u201360 Challenge Cup\nThe 1959\u201360 Challenge Cup was the 59th staging of rugby league's oldest knockout competition, the Challenge Cup.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [21, 21], "content_span": [22, 134]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077630-0001-0000", "contents": "1959\u201360 Challenge Cup, Final\nThe 1959\u201360 Challenge Cup tournament ended in a final between Wakefield Trinity and Hull F.C. The match was played at Wembley Stadium before a crowd of 79,773, with Wakefield Trinity winning 38 \u2013 5. Despite being on the losing team, Hull's hooker, Tommy Harris was awarded the Lance Todd Trophy for his man-of-the-match performance.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [23, 28], "content_span": [29, 361]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077630-0002-0000", "contents": "1959\u201360 Challenge Cup, Final\nNeil Fox of Wakefield Trinity scored a Cup Final record 20 points (two tries and seven goals) in the final for Wakefield, a feat that would not be repeated for another 39 years 1999.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [23, 28], "content_span": [29, 211]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077631-0000-0000", "contents": "1959\u201360 Chester F.C. season\nThe 1959\u201360 season was the 22nd season of competitive association football in the Football League played by Chester, an English club based in Chester, Cheshire.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [27, 27], "content_span": [28, 188]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077631-0001-0000", "contents": "1959\u201360 Chester F.C. season\nAlso, it was the second season spent in the Fourth Division after its creation. Alongside competing in the Football League the club also participated in the FA Cup and the Welsh Cup.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [27, 27], "content_span": [28, 210]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077632-0000-0000", "contents": "1959\u201360 Chicago Black Hawks season\nThe 1959\u201360 Chicago Black Hawks season was the Hawks' 34th season in the NHL, and the club was coming off of a third-place finish in 1958\u201359, as they finished the season with a club record 28 wins, and tying a club record with 69 points, and earned their first playoff berth since 1953. Chicago then lost to the Montreal Canadiens in the first round, losing in six games.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [34, 34], "content_span": [35, 406]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077632-0001-0000", "contents": "1959\u201360 Chicago Black Hawks season, Regular season\nAfter winning the season opener, the Black Hawks would struggle, going on a 14-game winless streak to fall into last place in the league. Chicago would snap out of their slump, and in their next 26 games, the Hawks would have a record of 11\u201310\u20135, bringing them back into the playoff race with the Boston Bruins, New York Rangers, and Detroit Red Wings.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [36, 50], "content_span": [51, 403]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077632-0001-0001", "contents": "1959\u201360 Chicago Black Hawks season, Regular season\nThe Black Hawks would then get very hot, posting a record of 16\u20138\u20135 in their remaining 29 games to finish the season with a 28\u201329\u201313 record, which was identical to the previous season, and once again finish in third place in the league, earning a playoff spot. This was the first time since the 1940\u201341 and 1941\u201342 seasons that the Black Hawks had consecutive playoff appearances.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [36, 50], "content_span": [51, 431]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077632-0002-0000", "contents": "1959\u201360 Chicago Black Hawks season, Regular season\nOffensively, Chicago was led by Bobby Hull, who scored a team record 39 goals, and finished at the top of the NHL scoring race with a club record 81 points, winning the Art Ross Trophy. Rookie Bill Hay finished second to Hull in team scoring, earning 18 goals and 55 points, and winning the Calder Memorial Trophy. Tod Sloan had another solid season, scoring 20 goals and 40 points. Pierre Pilote led the defense, scoring 7 goals and 45 points, while Stan Mikita led the club with 110 penalty minutes.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [36, 50], "content_span": [51, 552]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077632-0003-0000", "contents": "1959\u201360 Chicago Black Hawks season, Regular season\nIn goal, Glenn Hall played in all 70 games, winning 28 of them, while posting a 2.56 GAA, and earning 6 shutouts.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [36, 50], "content_span": [51, 164]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077632-0004-0000", "contents": "1959\u201360 Chicago Black Hawks season, Playoffs\nChicago would face the Montreal Canadiens in the best of seven NHL semi-final for the second consecutive season. The Canadiens finished the season with an NHL best 92 points, and had won four consecutive Stanley Cups. The series opened up with two games at the Montreal Forum, and the Canadiens took a 2\u20130 series lead by winning both games by scores of 4\u20133, including an overtime win in the second game.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [36, 44], "content_span": [45, 448]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077632-0004-0001", "contents": "1959\u201360 Chicago Black Hawks season, Playoffs\nThe series moved to Chicago Stadium for the next two games, however, it was the Canadiens who stayed hot, shutting out the Black Hawks 4\u20130 in the third game, followed by another shutout victory in the fourth game, as Montreal won the game 2\u20130, and swept the series in four games.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [36, 44], "content_span": [45, 324]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077633-0000-0000", "contents": "1959\u201360 Cincinnati Bearcats men's basketball team\nThe 1959\u201360 Cincinnati Bearcats men's basketball team represented University of Cincinnati. The head coach was George Smith.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 49], "section_span": [49, 49], "content_span": [50, 174]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077634-0000-0000", "contents": "1959\u201360 Cincinnati Royals season\nThe 1959\u201360 Cincinnati Royal season was the 15th season of the franchise, its 12th season in the NBA and third season in Cincinnati.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [32, 32], "content_span": [33, 165]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077635-0000-0000", "contents": "1959\u201360 Colchester United F.C. season\nThe 1959\u201360 season was Colchester United's 18th season in their history and their tenth season in the third tier of English football, the Third Division. Alongside competing in the Third Division, the club also participated in the FA Cup, with Colchester being knocked out by league rivals Queens Park Rangers in the first round. Colchester ended the season in ninth place in the Third Division.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [37, 37], "content_span": [38, 433]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077635-0001-0000", "contents": "1959\u201360 Colchester United F.C. season, Season overview\nColchester's first game under floodlights at Layer Road was on 24 August 1959 when 9,689 watched the 2\u20132 draw with Grimsby Town. The ground became somewhat of a fortress, losing only twice throughout the campaign. However, Colchester struggled on their travels, earning just three wins. The mixed form led to a ninth position finish in the Third Division table.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [39, 54], "content_span": [55, 416]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077635-0002-0000", "contents": "1959\u201360 Colchester United F.C. season, Season overview\nThe most notable bonus for the season was Martyn King's completion of national service meaning he was available for every game. Playing in 40 matches, forward King equalled Kevin McCurley's club record of 30 Football League goals in a season which included a trio of hat-tricks.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [39, 54], "content_span": [55, 333]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077635-0003-0000", "contents": "1959\u201360 Colchester United F.C. season, Squad statistics, Player debuts\nPlayers making their first-team Colchester United debut in a fully competitive match.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [39, 70], "content_span": [71, 156]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077636-0000-0000", "contents": "1959\u201360 Connecticut Huskies men's basketball team\nThe 1959\u201360 Connecticut Huskies men's basketball team represented the University of Connecticut in the 1959\u201360 collegiate men's basketball season. The Huskies completed the season with a 17\u20139 overall record. The Huskies were members of the Yankee Conference, where they ended the season with an 8\u20132 record. They were the Yankee Conference regular season champions and made it to the first round in the 1960 NCAA Men's Division I Basketball Tournament. The Huskies played their home games at Hugh S. Greer Field House in Storrs, Connecticut, and were led by fourteenth-year head coach Hugh Greer.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 49], "section_span": [49, 49], "content_span": [50, 645]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077637-0000-0000", "contents": "1959\u201360 Copa M\u00e9xico\nThe Copa M\u00e9xico 1959\u201360 was the 43rd edition of the Copa M\u00e9xico and the 17th staging in the professional era.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [19, 19], "content_span": [20, 129]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077637-0001-0000", "contents": "1959\u201360 Copa M\u00e9xico\nThe competition started on March 6, 1960, and concluded on April 17, 1960, with the Final, held at the Estadio Ol\u00edmpico Universitario in Mexico City, in which Necaxa defeated Tampico Madero 4\u20131.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [19, 19], "content_span": [20, 214]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077638-0000-0000", "contents": "1959\u201360 Copa del General\u00edsimo\nThe 1959\u201360 Copa del General\u00edsimo was the 58th staging of the Spanish Cup. The competition began on 22 November 1959 and ended on 26 June 1960 with the final.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [29, 29], "content_span": [30, 188]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077639-0000-0000", "contents": "1959\u201360 Coppa Italia\nThe 1959\u201360 Coppa Italia was the 13th Coppa Italia, the major Italian domestic cup. The competition was won by Juventus.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [20, 20], "content_span": [21, 141]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077639-0001-0000", "contents": "1959\u201360 Coppa Italia, Round of 16\nGenoa, Torino, Venezia, Fiorentina, Juventus, Bologna, Lazio, Internazionale are added.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [22, 33], "content_span": [34, 121]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077640-0000-0000", "contents": "1959\u201360 Coupe de France\nThe Coupe de France's results of the 1959\u201360 season. AS Monaco FC won the final played on 15 May 1960, beating AS Saint-\u00c9tienne.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [23, 23], "content_span": [24, 152]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077641-0000-0000", "contents": "1959\u201360 Cupa Rom\u00e2niei\nThe 1959\u201360 Cupa Rom\u00e2niei was the 22nd edition of Romania's most prestigious football cup competition.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [21, 21], "content_span": [22, 124]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077641-0001-0000", "contents": "1959\u201360 Cupa Rom\u00e2niei\nThe title was won by Progresul Bucure\u0219ti against Dinamo Obor Bucure\u0219ti.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [21, 21], "content_span": [22, 93]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077641-0002-0000", "contents": "1959\u201360 Cupa Rom\u00e2niei, Format\nIn the first round proper, two pots were made, first pot with Divizia A teams and other teams till 16 and the second pot with the rest of teams qualified in this phase. Each tie is played as a single leg.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [23, 29], "content_span": [30, 234]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077641-0003-0000", "contents": "1959\u201360 Cupa Rom\u00e2niei, Format\nIt is the third season in the history of Cupa Rom\u00e2niei when all the games are played on a neutral location.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [23, 29], "content_span": [30, 137]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077641-0004-0000", "contents": "1959\u201360 Cupa Rom\u00e2niei, Format\nIf a match is drawn after 90 minutes, the game goes in extra time, and if the scored is still tight after 120 minutes, then a replay will be played. In case the game is still tight after the replay, then the team from lower division will qualify for the next round.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [23, 29], "content_span": [30, 295]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077641-0005-0000", "contents": "1959\u201360 Cupa Rom\u00e2niei, Format\nFrom the first edition, the teams from Divizia A entered in competition in sixteen finals, rule which remained till today.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [23, 29], "content_span": [30, 152]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077642-0000-0000", "contents": "1959\u201360 Cypriot First Division\nStatistics of Cypriot First Division for the 1959\u201360 season. It is the highest football league in Cyprus.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [30, 30], "content_span": [31, 136]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077642-0001-0000", "contents": "1959\u201360 Cypriot First Division, Overview\nIt was contested by 11 teams, and Anorthosis Famagusta FC won the championship.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 40], "content_span": [41, 120]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077643-0000-0000", "contents": "1959\u201360 Cypriot Second Division\nThe 1959\u201360 Cypriot Second Division was the 6th season of the Cypriot second-level football league. Alki Larnaca FC won their 1st title.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [31, 31], "content_span": [32, 168]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077643-0001-0000", "contents": "1959\u201360 Cypriot Second Division, Format\nNine teams participated in the 1959\u201360 Cypriot Second Division. The league was split to two geographical groups, depending from Districts of Cyprus each participated team came from. All teams of a group played against each other twice, once at their home and once away. The team with the most points at the end of the season crowned group champions. The winners of each group were playing against each other in the final phase of the competition and the winner were the champions of the Second Division.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 39], "content_span": [40, 543]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077643-0002-0000", "contents": "1959\u201360 Cypriot Second Division, Format\nTeams received two points for a win, one point for a draw and zero points for a loss.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 39], "content_span": [40, 125]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077643-0003-0000", "contents": "1959\u201360 Cypriot Second Division, Champions Playoff\nAlki Larnaca FC were the champions of the Second Division. Alki Larnaca FC promoted to Cypriot First Division after promotion playoffs with Aris Limassol FC.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 50], "content_span": [51, 208]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077644-0000-0000", "contents": "1959\u201360 Czechoslovak Extraliga season\nThe 1959\u201360 Czechoslovak Extraliga season was the 17th season of the Czechoslovak Extraliga, the top level of ice hockey in Czechoslovakia. 12 teams participated in the league, and Ruda Hvezda Brno won the championship.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [37, 37], "content_span": [38, 257]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077645-0000-0000", "contents": "1959\u201360 Czechoslovak First League, Overview\nIt was contested by 14 teams, and Spartak Hradec Kr\u00e1lov\u00e9 won the championship. Michal Pucher was the league's top scorer with 18 goals.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 43], "content_span": [44, 179]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077646-0000-0000", "contents": "1959\u201360 DDR-Oberliga (ice hockey) season\nThe 1959\u201360 DDR-Oberliga season was the 12th season of the DDR-Oberliga, the top level of ice hockey in East Germany. Eight teams participated in the league, and SG Dynamo Wei\u00dfwasser won the championship.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [40, 40], "content_span": [41, 245]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077647-0000-0000", "contents": "1959\u201360 DFB-Pokal\nThe 1959\u201360 DFB-Pokal was the 17th season of the annual German football cup competition. It began on 7 September 1960 and ended on 5 October 1960. 4 teams competed in the tournament of two rounds. In the final Borussia M\u00f6nchengladbach defeated Karlsruher SC 3 \u2013 2.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [17, 17], "content_span": [18, 282]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077647-0001-0000", "contents": "1959\u201360 DFB-Pokal, Matches, Semi-finals\n* The game was nullified and repeated because FK Pirmasens lined up a player (Rolf Fritzsche) who was not entitled to play.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 39], "content_span": [40, 163]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077648-0000-0000", "contents": "1959\u201360 Danish Ice Hockey Championship season\nThe 1959\u201360 Danish Ice Hockey Championship season was the third season of ice hockey in Denmark. Three teams participated in the final tournament, and KSF Copenhagen won the championship.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 45], "section_span": [45, 45], "content_span": [46, 233]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077649-0000-0000", "contents": "1959\u201360 Denver Pioneers men's ice hockey season\nThe 1959\u201360 Denver Pioneers men's ice hockey team represented University of Denver in college ice hockey. In its 4th year under head coach Murray Armstrong the team compiled a 27\u20134\u20133 record and reached the NCAA tournament for the second time. The Pioneers defeated Michigan Tech 5\u20133 in the championship game at the Boston Arena in Boston, Massachusetts. Denver set a record for the most wins by a team in one season, breaking the previous high of 25 set by Colorado College in 1956\u201357.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 47], "section_span": [47, 47], "content_span": [48, 533]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077649-0001-0000", "contents": "1959\u201360 Denver Pioneers men's ice hockey season, Season\nAfter Denver was left out of the 1959 NCAA Tournament despite having the best record of any NCAA team at 22-5-1, the Pioneers knew they had to make changes. First, the argument between Denver and Minnesota over recruiting practices (teenage Americans vs. overage Canadians) was not settled but was put to the side. As part of a compromise between the two Minnesota would agree to rejoin with the 4 former WIHL schools so long as they did not have to schedule Denver during the season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 47], "section_span": [49, 55], "content_span": [56, 540]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077649-0001-0001", "contents": "1959\u201360 Denver Pioneers men's ice hockey season, Season\nThe deal was eventually struck where they would play the Pioneers during the 1959\u201360 season but were not required to afterwards (Minnesota would not play Denver outside of playoff meetings until 1972). That settlement allowed all seven schools to rejoin in the new WCHA which improved upon the previous conference principally by introducing the first official conference tournament in college hockey history. The second improvement came from counting all league games equally in the standings; rather than have a total of four points available between each pair of teams. The WCHA sorted their unbalanced schedule based on winning percentage.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 47], "section_span": [49, 55], "content_span": [56, 698]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077649-0002-0000", "contents": "1959\u201360 Denver Pioneers men's ice hockey season, Season\nBeing in a conference once more also settled the second problem Denver had faced the year before; playing away games. Denver had only once left Colorado the year before and lost both games on the road. For 1959\u201360 they began the season with a compressed road trip where they played six games over a nine-day period. The trip started out well with Denver tying Minnesota 4\u20134 in the team's only overtime game all season before winning the following night. Two days later they were hosted by Michigan Tech and dropped both games to a very strong team. With no time to lick their wounds the Pioneers got one day off to travel to North Dakota and take on the defending national champion Fighting Sioux. The Pioneers redeemed themselves by winning both games comfortably and pulling back above .500.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 47], "section_span": [49, 55], "content_span": [56, 849]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077649-0003-0000", "contents": "1959\u201360 Denver Pioneers men's ice hockey season, Season\nAfter a 9-day break Denver opened its home schedule and thoroughly dominated the previous year's runner-up Michigan State by a combined score of 21-1. Those two games could have set the tone for the rest of Denver's season but the very next week they invited Michigan Tech to Denver and after winning the first game easily they lost their third game of the year to the Huskies and slipped to 6\u20133\u20131 in the WCHA.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 47], "section_span": [49, 55], "content_span": [56, 466]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077649-0003-0001", "contents": "1959\u201360 Denver Pioneers men's ice hockey season, Season\nSimilar to their last series against MTU, Denver got one day off before hosting Minnesota and avenged their loss with two 5-goal wins over the Golden Gophers. After winning two games against a visiting senior team Denver ended the first half of their conference schedule by splitting a pair of games against North Dakota. Denver found themselves sitting atop the WCHA at the end of January with a 9-4-1 record and were in prime position to earn the top seed in the WCHA tournament.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 47], "section_span": [49, 55], "content_span": [56, 537]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077649-0004-0000", "contents": "1959\u201360 Denver Pioneers men's ice hockey season, Season\nDenver began February playing a series of games against several national teams who were preparing to play in the Olympics at the end of the month along with Colorado College. After starting with a non-conference win over CC Denver defeated the eventual gold medalist US National Team and then tied them the following day. Two days later they tied the powerhouse Soviet National Team before defeating both West Germany and Sweden.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 47], "section_span": [49, 55], "content_span": [56, 485]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077649-0005-0000", "contents": "1959\u201360 Denver Pioneers men's ice hockey season, Season\nOnce the Olympics began Denver returned to its conference schedule, winning both games of a home-and-home against Colorado College before hitting the road for a second time. On this trip they ended up playing two series in five days against Michigan and Michigan State and won all four games. After returning home and winning a second series against the CC Tigers Denver ended with a 23-4-3 record and won the inaugural WCHA championship.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 47], "section_span": [49, 55], "content_span": [56, 494]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077649-0006-0000", "contents": "1959\u201360 Denver Pioneers men's ice hockey season, Season\nDenver received the top seed in the WCHA Tournament which, rather than acting as a traditional tournament, had two 2-game series played between the top four teams to determine the two WCHA co-champions. The two series were total goal affairs rather than being best-of contests so when Denver opened against Colorado College with a 9\u20132 victory they would have to lose the succeeding game by 8 goals to miss out on the NCAA tournament. Unsurprisingly it was a much more defensive effort from the regular season champions and the Pioneers scored only three times on the night but was still able win the game and were joined by Michigan Tech as the inaugural WCHA Tournament co-champions.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 47], "section_span": [49, 55], "content_span": [56, 740]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077649-0007-0000", "contents": "1959\u201360 Denver Pioneers men's ice hockey season, Season\nAs the better of the two teams Denver was given the top western seed in the NCAA tournament and opened against Boston University who were playing in their home building. Despite the mostly partisan crowd rooting them on, BU was unable to overcome the best offense in the nation and surrendered six goals to Denver who advanced to their second championship game. Denver was met in the final by their nemesis Michigan Tech and began the game at a conservative pace.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 47], "section_span": [49, 55], "content_span": [56, 519]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077649-0007-0001", "contents": "1959\u201360 Denver Pioneers men's ice hockey season, Season\nDenver scored the first goal of the game just after the 10-minute mark and took another 22 minutes before the got their second. With the Pioneers holding a 2-0 advantage the Huskies came to life at the end of the second and scored three times in under five minutes to take their first lead of the game. After George Konik tied the game two and a half minutes into the third Denver was able to quell the MTU offense for the remainder of the period, holding the Huskies to only six shots.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 47], "section_span": [49, 55], "content_span": [56, 542]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077649-0007-0002", "contents": "1959\u201360 Denver Pioneers men's ice hockey season, Season\nThe Pioneers continued firing the puck at George Cuculick and with just over a minutes to go in regulation team captain John MacMillan scored the winning goal in his final college game. Just for good measure he added an empty-net goal 50 seconds later that sealed the game for Denver and sent the Pioneers to the top of the podium for the second time.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 47], "section_span": [49, 55], "content_span": [56, 407]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077649-0008-0000", "contents": "1959\u201360 Denver Pioneers men's ice hockey season, Season\nBecause the entire tournament had been played fairly evenly the voters could not decide on one person to win the MOP so for the first (and only as of 2018) time the award was split, going to three players but none of whom belonged to the national champion. Instead Denver had to settle for only two of the six spots on the All-Tournament first team in the form of Marty Howe and George Konik while John MacMillan and goaltender George Kirkwood were placed on the second team.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 47], "section_span": [49, 55], "content_span": [56, 531]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077649-0009-0000", "contents": "1959\u201360 Denver Pioneers men's ice hockey season, Season\nHowe, Konik and Bill Masterton were named to the AHCA All-American West Team while Kirkwood, Howe and Masterton received All-WCHA First Team nods. While Konik and MacMillan found themselves on the WCHA second team Kirkwood was named as the top sophomore in the WCHA (along with MTU's Lou Angotti) and set the record for more wins a season by a goaltender with 27.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 47], "section_span": [49, 55], "content_span": [56, 419]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077649-0010-0000", "contents": "1959\u201360 Denver Pioneers men's ice hockey season, Notes\nAfter graduating in 1960, John MacMillan was signed by the Toronto Maple Leafs and became the first Denver alumnus to play in the NHL. Though his career was short he would end up winning two Stanley cups. several years after MacMillan's retirement George Konik and Bill Masterton would make their NHL debuts in the 1967\u201368 season. While Konik would play 51 games for Pittsburgh before returning to the minors, Masterton became the only player in the history of professional North American sports to die as a direct result of injuries sustained in a game.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 47], "section_span": [49, 54], "content_span": [55, 609]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077650-0000-0000", "contents": "1959\u201360 Detroit Pistons season\nThe 1959\u201360 NBA season was the Pistons' 12th season in the NBA and third season in the city of Detroit.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [30, 30], "content_span": [31, 134]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077651-0000-0000", "contents": "1959\u201360 Detroit Red Wings season\nThe 1959\u201360 Detroit Red Wings season saw the Red Wings finish in fourth place in the National Hockey League (NHL) with a record of 26 wins, 29 losses, and 15 ties for 67 points. They lost in the Semi-finals to the Toronto Maple Leafs, four games to two.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [32, 32], "content_span": [33, 286]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077651-0001-0000", "contents": "1959\u201360 Detroit Red Wings season, Player statistics, Playoffs\nNote: GP = Games played; G = Goals; A = Assists; Pts = Points; +/- = Plus-minus PIM = Penalty minutes; PPG = Power-play goals; SHG = Short-handed goals; GWG = Game-winning goals;\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0MIN = Minutes played; W = Wins; L = Losses; T = Ties; GA = Goals against; GAA = Goals-against average;  SO = Shutouts;", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 61], "content_span": [62, 364]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077652-0000-0000", "contents": "1959\u201360 Divizia A\nThe 1959\u201360 Divizia A was the forty-second season of Divizia A, the top-level football league of Romania.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [17, 17], "content_span": [18, 123]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077652-0001-0000", "contents": "1959\u201360 Divizia A, Champion squad\nGoalkeepers: Ion Voinescu (16 / 0); Costic\u0103 Toma (6 / 0). Defenders: Vasile Zavoda (21 / 0); Alexandru Apolzan (11 / 0); Traian Iv\u0103nescu (10 / 0); Alexandru Dragomirescu (2 / 0); Gheorghe Staicu (8 / 0); Ferdinand Cepolski (3 / 0). Midfielders: Emerich Jenei (19 / 0); Tiberiu Bone (14 / 1); Vasile Mih\u0103ilescu (14 / 1). Forwards: Gheorghe Cacoveanu (20 / 5); Gheorghe Constantin (21 / 20); Ion Alecsandrescu (20 / 7); Francisc Zavoda (14 / 0); Gabriel Raksi (21 / 5); Nicolae T\u0103taru (19 / 10); Ion Cri\u0219an (1 / 0); Alexandru Constantinescu (2 / 2). (league appearances and goals listed in brackets)", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 33], "content_span": [34, 631]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077653-0000-0000", "contents": "1959\u201360 Divizia B\nThe 1959\u201360 Divizia B was the 20th season of the second tier of the Romanian football league system.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [17, 17], "content_span": [18, 118]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077653-0001-0000", "contents": "1959\u201360 Divizia B\nThe league was expanded from two series to three series of 14 teams. At the end of the season the winners of the series promoted to Divizia A and the last two places from each series relegated to Regional Championship.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [17, 17], "content_span": [18, 236]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077653-0002-0000", "contents": "1959\u201360 Divizia B, Team changes, Teams spared from relegation\n\u0218tiin\u021ba Cluj was spared from relegation to Divizia B, after the merge of TAROM Bucure\u0219ti with Locomotiva GR Bucure\u0219ti.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 61], "content_span": [62, 180]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077653-0003-0000", "contents": "1959\u201360 Divizia B, Team changes, Other teams\nTAROM Bucure\u0219ti merged with its mother club, Locomotiva GR Bucure\u0219ti, being absorbed.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 44], "content_span": [45, 130]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077653-0004-0000", "contents": "1959\u201360 Divizia B, Team changes, Other teams\nDinamo Mili\u021bie Bucure\u0219ti and Dinamo Pite\u0219ti merged, the first one being absorbed by the second one.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 44], "content_span": [45, 144]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077654-0000-0000", "contents": "1959\u201360 Drexel Dragons men's basketball team\nThe 1959\u201360 Drexel Dragons men's basketball team represented Drexel Institute of Technology during the 1959\u201360 men's basketball season. The Dragons, led by 8th year head coach Samuel Cozen, played their home games at Sayre High School and were members of the College\u2013Southern division of the Middle Atlantic Conferences (MAC).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [44, 44], "content_span": [45, 371]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077654-0001-0000", "contents": "1959\u201360 Drexel Dragons men's basketball team\nThe team finished the season 12\u20137, and finished in 1st place in the MAC in the regular season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [44, 44], "content_span": [45, 139]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077655-0000-0000", "contents": "1959\u201360 Duke Blue Devils men's basketball team\nThe 1959\u201360 Duke Blue Devils men's basketball team represented Duke University in the 1959\u201360 NCAA Division I men's basketball season. The head coach was Vic Bubas and the team finished the season with an overall record of 17\u201311.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 46], "section_span": [46, 46], "content_span": [47, 276]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077656-0000-0000", "contents": "1959\u201360 Dumbarton F.C. season\nThe 1959\u201360 season was the 76th football season in which Dumbarton competed at a Scottish national level, entering the Scottish Football League, the Scottish Cup and the Scottish League Cup. In addition Dumbarton competed in the Stirlingshire Cup.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [29, 29], "content_span": [30, 277]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077656-0001-0000", "contents": "1959\u201360 Dumbarton F.C. season, Scottish Second Division\nA perfect start of 4 wins from the first four games was followed by a run of 13 games with only a single win, meaning that Dumbarton fell away and were never serious challengers for the Division 2 title, finishing in 6th place with 43 points, 10 behind champions St Johnstone.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 55], "content_span": [56, 332]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077656-0002-0000", "contents": "1959\u201360 Dumbarton F.C. season, Scottish League Cup\nWith only a single win and a draw from their 6 qualifying games, Dumbarton again failed to progress to the knock out stages of the League Cup.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 50], "content_span": [51, 193]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077656-0003-0000", "contents": "1959\u201360 Dumbarton F.C. season, Scottish Cup\nDumbarton were to fall at the first hurdle in the national cup, losing to Queen of the South.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 43], "content_span": [44, 137]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077656-0004-0000", "contents": "1959\u201360 Dumbarton F.C. season, Stirlingshire Cup\nIn the county cup, Dumbarton lost out to Falkirk in the semi final, after a drawn game.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 48], "content_span": [49, 136]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077656-0005-0000", "contents": "1959\u201360 Dumbarton F.C. season, Friendlies\nA number of friendlies were played during the season, including home and away fixtures against English Midland League opponents, North Shields, and a benefit match against Clyde for long serving player, Hughie Gallacher.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 41], "content_span": [42, 262]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077656-0006-0000", "contents": "1959\u201360 Dumbarton F.C. season, Player statistics, International Caps\nWillie McCulloch earned his first and second caps playing for Scotland Amateurs against England on 26 March and Northern Ireland on 25 April respectively.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 68], "content_span": [69, 223]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077656-0007-0000", "contents": "1959\u201360 Dumbarton F.C. season, Player statistics, Transfers\nAmongst those players joining and leaving the club were the following:", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 59], "content_span": [60, 130]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077656-0008-0000", "contents": "1959\u201360 Dumbarton F.C. season, Reserve team\nDumbarton played only one competitive 'reserve' match in the Scottish Second XI Cup, losing to Clyde in the second round.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 43], "content_span": [44, 165]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077657-0000-0000", "contents": "1959\u201360 Dundee F.C. season\nThe 1959\u201360 season was the fifty-eighth season in which Dundee competed at a Scottish national level, playing in Division One, where the club would finish in 4th place for the second straight season. Dundee would also compete in both the Scottish Cup and the Scottish League Cup. They would be knocked out in the group stage of the League Cup, and would be eliminated by Hibernian in the Scottish Cup.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [26, 26], "content_span": [27, 428]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077658-0000-0000", "contents": "1959\u201360 Dundee United F.C. season\nThe 1959\u201360 season was the 52nd year of football played by Dundee United, and covers the period from 1 July 1959 to 30 June 1960. United finished in second place in the Second Division and therefore promoted to the First Division.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [33, 33], "content_span": [34, 264]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077658-0001-0000", "contents": "1959\u201360 Dundee United F.C. season, Match results\nDundee United played a total of 44 competitive matches during the 1959\u201360 season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 48], "content_span": [49, 130]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077658-0002-0000", "contents": "1959\u201360 Dundee United F.C. season, Match results, Legend\nAll results are written with Dundee United's score first. Own goals in italics", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 56], "content_span": [57, 135]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077659-0000-0000", "contents": "1959\u201360 EPHL season\nThe 1959\u201360 Eastern Professional Hockey League season was the first season of the Eastern Professional Hockey League, a North American minor professional league. Six teams participated in the regular season, and the Montreal Royals were the league champions.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [19, 19], "content_span": [20, 278]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077660-0000-0000", "contents": "1959\u201360 Eerste Divisie\nThe Dutch Eerste Divisie in the 1959\u201360 season was contested by 33 teams, divided in one group of sixteen and one group of seventeen teams. GVAV and Alkmaar '54 won the championship.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [22, 22], "content_span": [23, 205]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077661-0000-0000", "contents": "1959\u201360 Egyptian Premier League\nThe 1959\u201360 Egyptian Premier League, was the 10th season of the Egyptian Premier League, the top Egyptian professional league for association football clubs, since its establishment in 1948. The season started on 11 September 1959 and concluded on 17 June 1960. Zamalek managed to win the league for the first time.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [31, 31], "content_span": [32, 347]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077661-0001-0000", "contents": "1959\u201360 Egyptian Premier League, League Table\n(C)= Champions, (R)= Relegated, Pld = Matches played; W = Matches won; D = Matches drawn; L = Matches lost; F = Goals for; A = Goals against; \u00b1 = Goal difference; Pts = Points.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 45], "content_span": [46, 222]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077662-0000-0000", "contents": "1959\u201360 Eintracht Frankfurt season\nThe 1959\u201360 Eintracht Frankfurt season was the 60th season in the club's football history. In 1959\u201360 the club played in the Oberliga S\u00fcd, the top tier of German football. It was the club's 15th season in the Oberliga S\u00fcd.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [34, 34], "content_span": [35, 257]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077663-0000-0000", "contents": "1959\u201360 Eredivisie\nThe Dutch Eredivisie in the 1959\u201360 season was contested by 18 teams. AFC Ajax won the championship, after a decision match against Feijenoord which was won by 5\u20131.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 18], "section_span": [18, 18], "content_span": [19, 183]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077663-0001-0000", "contents": "1959\u201360 Eredivisie, Relegation play-off\nNote: No edition of the KNVB Cup was held this year.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 18], "section_span": [20, 39], "content_span": [40, 92]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077664-0000-0000", "contents": "1959\u201360 European Cup\nThe 1959\u201360 European Cup was the fifth season of the European Cup, Europe's premier club football tournament. The competition was won by Real Madrid, who beat Eintracht Frankfurt 7\u20133 in the final at Hampden Park, Glasgow. It remains the record score for the European Cup final. It was Real Madrid's fifth consecutive European Cup title. It was also the first time that a German team, Eintracht Frankfurt, reached the final.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [20, 20], "content_span": [21, 444]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077664-0001-0000", "contents": "1959\u201360 European Cup\nThe tournament saw the first participation by a Greek club, having withdrawn from the previous season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [20, 20], "content_span": [21, 123]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077664-0002-0000", "contents": "1959\u201360 European Cup, Preliminary round\nThe draw for the preliminary round took place in Cernobbio, Como, Italy, on 6 July 1959. As title holders, Real Madrid received a bye, and the remaining 26 teams were grouped geographically into two pots. The first two teams drawn in each pot also received byes, while the remaining clubs would play the preliminary round in September.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [22, 39], "content_span": [40, 375]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077664-0003-0000", "contents": "1959\u201360 European Cup, Preliminary round\nThe calendar was decided by the involved teams, with all matches to be played by 30 September.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [22, 39], "content_span": [40, 134]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077664-0004-0000", "contents": "1959\u201360 European Cup, Preliminary round\n1 Kuopion Palloseura withdrew after the draw, Eintracht Frankfurt walkover.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [22, 39], "content_span": [40, 115]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077664-0005-0000", "contents": "1959\u201360 European Cup, First round\n1 Sparta Rotterdam won 3\u20131 in a play-off to qualify for the quarter-finals.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [22, 33], "content_span": [34, 109]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077664-0006-0000", "contents": "1959\u201360 European Cup, First round\n2 Nice won 5\u20131 in a play-off to qualify for the quarter-finals.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [22, 33], "content_span": [34, 97]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077664-0007-0000", "contents": "1959\u201360 European Cup, Quarter-finals\n1 Rangers won 3\u20132 in a play-off to qualify for the semi-finals.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [22, 36], "content_span": [37, 100]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077664-0008-0000", "contents": "1959\u201360 European Cup, Top scorers\nThe top scorers from the 1959\u201360 European Cup (including preliminary round) are as follows:", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [22, 33], "content_span": [34, 125]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077665-0000-0000", "contents": "1959\u201360 European Cup (handball)\nThe 1959\u201360 European Cup was the third edition of Europe's premier club handball tournament.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [31, 31], "content_span": [32, 124]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077666-0000-0000", "contents": "1959\u201360 Everton F.C. season\nDuring the 1959\u201360 English football season, Everton F.C. competed in the Football League First Division.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [27, 27], "content_span": [28, 132]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077666-0001-0000", "contents": "1959\u201360 Everton F.C. season, Final League Table\nP = Matches played; W = Matches won; D = Matches drawn; L = Matches lost; F = Goals for; A = Goals against; GA = Goal average; GD = Goal difference; Pts = Points", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 47], "content_span": [48, 209]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077667-0000-0000", "contents": "1959\u201360 FA Cup\nThe 1959\u201360 FA Cup was the 79th staging of the world's oldest football cup competition, the Football Association Challenge Cup, commonly known as the FA Cup. Wolverhampton Wanderers won the competition for the fourth time, beating Blackburn Rovers 3\u20130 in the final at Wembley.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [14, 14], "content_span": [15, 291]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077667-0001-0000", "contents": "1959\u201360 FA Cup\nMatches were scheduled to be played at the stadium of the team named first on the date specified for each round, which was always a Saturday. Some matches, however, might be rescheduled for other days if there were clashes with games for other competitions or the weather was inclement. If scores were level after 90 minutes had been played, a replay would take place at the stadium of the second-named team later the same week. If the replayed match was drawn further replays would be held until a winner was determined. If scores were level after 90 minutes had been played in a replay, a 30-minute period of extra time would be played.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [14, 14], "content_span": [15, 653]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077667-0002-0000", "contents": "1959\u201360 FA Cup, First round proper\nAt this stage clubs from the Football League Third and Fourth Divisions joined those 30 non-league clubs having come through the qualifying rounds. Crook Town and Barnet also given byes to this round. Matches were scheduled to be played on Saturday, 14 November 1959. Ten were drawn and went to replays, played on 17\u201319 November.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [16, 34], "content_span": [35, 364]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077667-0003-0000", "contents": "1959\u201360 FA Cup, Second Round Proper\nThe matches were scheduled for Saturday, 5 December 1959, with three matches taking place later. Five matches were drawn, with replays taking place later the same week.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [16, 35], "content_span": [36, 204]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077667-0004-0000", "contents": "1959\u201360 FA Cup, Third round proper\nThe 44 First and Second Division clubs entered the competition at this stage. The matches were scheduled for Saturday, 9 January 1960. Eight matches were drawn and went to replays, with the Rotherham United\u2013Arsenal match requiring a second replay.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [16, 34], "content_span": [35, 282]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077667-0005-0000", "contents": "1959\u201360 FA Cup, Fourth Round Proper\nThe matches were scheduled for Saturday, 30 January 1960. Six matches were drawn and went to replays, which were all played in the following midweek match. For the second round in a row, Rotherham United were held to a second replay, this time against Brighton & Hove Albion.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [16, 35], "content_span": [36, 311]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077667-0006-0000", "contents": "1959\u201360 FA Cup, Fifth Round Proper\nThe matches were scheduled for Saturday, 20 February 1960. One match went to a replay in the following mid-week fixture.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [16, 34], "content_span": [35, 155]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077667-0007-0000", "contents": "1959\u201360 FA Cup, Sixth Round Proper\nThe draw for the semi-finals was made on Monday, 22 February 1960. All the original matches were played on Saturday, 12 March 1960.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [16, 34], "content_span": [35, 166]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077667-0008-0000", "contents": "1959\u201360 FA Cup, Semi-Finals\nThe draw for the semi-finals was made on Monday, 14 March 1960. Both matches were played on Saturday, 26 March 1960.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [16, 27], "content_span": [28, 144]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077668-0000-0000", "contents": "1959\u201360 FA Cup qualifying rounds\nThe FA Cup 1959\u201360 is the 79th season of the world's oldest football knockout competition; The Football Association Challenge Cup, or FA Cup for short. The large number of clubs entering the tournament from lower down the English football league system meant that the competition started with a number of preliminary and qualifying rounds. The 30 victorious teams from the Fourth Round Qualifying progressed to the First Round Proper.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [32, 32], "content_span": [33, 467]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077668-0001-0000", "contents": "1959\u201360 FA Cup qualifying rounds, 4th qualifying round\nThe teams that given byes to this round are Bishop Auckland, Wycombe Wanderers, Bedford Town, Peterborough United, Wigan Athletic, Yeovil Town, Hereford United, South Shields, Worcester City, Headington United, King's Lynn, Weymouth, Rhyl, Blyth Spartans, Guildford City, Dorchester Town, Margate, Chelmsford City, Bath City, Durham City, Kettering Town, Boston United, Wisbech Town and Tooting & Mitcham United.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 54], "content_span": [55, 467]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077668-0002-0000", "contents": "1959\u201360 FA Cup qualifying rounds, 1959\u201360 FA Cup\nSee 1959-60 FA Cup for details of the rounds from the First Round Proper onwards.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 48], "content_span": [49, 130]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077669-0000-0000", "contents": "1959\u201360 FC Basel season\nThe 1959\u201360 season was Fussball Club Basel 1893's 66th season in their existence. It was their 14th consecutive season in the top flight of Swiss football since their promotion from the Nationalliga B the season 1945\u201346. They played their home games in the Landhof, in the Wettstein Quarter in Kleinbasel. Ernst Weber was the club's new chairman taking over from Jules D\u00fcblin after the AGM on 27 May 1959. D\u00fcblin presided the club during the period July 1946 until Mai 1959 and in the club's history he is the most permanent president that the club has had to date.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [23, 23], "content_span": [24, 589]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077669-0001-0000", "contents": "1959\u201360 FC Basel season, Overview\nJen\u0151 Vincze was hired as new team manager, following Ren\u00e9 Bader who had been trainer ad-interim. The Hungarian ex-international footballer Vincze had been team manager of Servette the previous two seasons. Defender Ulrich Vetsch joined the club from Young Fellows Z\u00fcrich, Hungarian striker Ferenc Stockbauer joined from SV Wiesbaden, Paul Speidel from lower tier club FC Olten and Jean-Louis Gygax from lower tier FC Moutier. In the other direction Hans H\u00fcgi moved on to Young Fellows Z\u00fcrich after 11 seasons and 220 league and cup games for Basel. Hermann Suter, who had played 16 seasons for Basel and in 229 league and cup games had scored 104 goals, ended his active football career. Antoine Kohn moved on to play for Fortuna '54. Fredy Kehrli, Charles Turin and Gottlieb St\u00e4uble returned to or moved on to newly promoted Biel-Bienne.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 33], "content_span": [34, 872]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077669-0002-0000", "contents": "1959\u201360 FC Basel season, Overview\nBasel played a total of 44 games this season. Of these 44 matches 26 were in the domestic league, four were in the Swiss Cup and 14 were friendly matches. Only two of these friendly games were played at home, the rest were played away, including two in the Easter tournament in Bruges against Polonia Bytom and Club Brugge KV. The friendly games resulted with six victories, four draws and four defeats. The team scored 33 goals and conceded 18.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 33], "content_span": [34, 479]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077669-0003-0000", "contents": "1959\u201360 FC Basel season, Overview\nFourteen teams contested the 1959\u201360 Nationalliga A, these were the top 12 teams from the previous season and the two newly promoted teams FC Winterthur and FC Biel-Bienne. The Championship was played in a double round-robin and the last two teams in the table to be relegated. Basel started badly into the new season, losing five of the first seven games. In fact, the team won only one of their first 16 games and were always in the lower regions of the league table.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 33], "content_span": [34, 503]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077669-0003-0001", "contents": "1959\u201360 FC Basel season, Overview\nHowever, with five victories in their last ten league matches, the team lifted themselves to tenth position in the table, but were still lower positioned than the afore mentioned two newly promoted teams. In fact, Biel-Bienne managed to end the season in second position behind the reigning and new champions Young Boys who won the championship for the fourth successive season. Two of these last five victories were against Lugano and Bellinzona and these two teams then suffered relegation. Basel's top league goal scorers were Roberto Frigerio and Josef H\u00fcgi both of whom managed 15 league goals. Frigerio managed a hat-trick in the away game against Z\u00fcrich on 20 March 1960.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 33], "content_span": [34, 712]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077669-0004-0000", "contents": "1959\u201360 FC Basel season, Overview\nBasel entered the Swiss Cup in the third principal round. They were drawn away against third tier SC Derendingen and won 1\u20130 through a goal by their Hungarian striker Ferenc Stockbauer. In the next round Basel were drawn at home at the Landhof against lower tier team FC Porrentruy and this ended with a 5\u20132 victory. In the round of 16 Basel played a home 1\u20131 draw with the Young Boys, but then lost the replay 3\u20135. Luzern won the competition winning the final against Grenchen.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 33], "content_span": [34, 512]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077669-0005-0000", "contents": "1959\u201360 FC Basel season, Players\nThe following is the list of the Basel first team squad during the season 1959\u201360. The list includes players that were in the squad on the day that the Nationalliga A season started on 23 August 1959 but subsequently left the club after that date.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 32], "content_span": [33, 280]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077669-0006-0000", "contents": "1959\u201360 FC Basel season, Players\nNote: Flags indicate national team as defined under FIFA eligibility rules. Players may hold more than one non-FIFA nationality.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 32], "content_span": [33, 161]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077669-0007-0000", "contents": "1959\u201360 FC Basel season, Players\nNote: Flags indicate national team as defined under FIFA eligibility rules. Players may hold more than one non-FIFA nationality.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 32], "content_span": [33, 161]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077670-0000-0000", "contents": "1959\u201360 FC Dinamo Bucure\u0219ti season\nThe 1959\u201360 season was Dinamo Bucure\u0219ti's 11th season in Divizia A. Dinamo finished eighth in the championship, closer to relegation zone than to the title. Dinamo won only 3 of 11 home games. After the loss against Rapid in the 9th day, Iuliu Baratky was sacked and replaced by Traian Ionescu.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [34, 34], "content_span": [35, 329]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077670-0001-0000", "contents": "1959\u201360 FC Dinamo Bucure\u0219ti season\nAfter the derby against CCA, won by Dinamo 2\u20131, both teams sent an open letter to the fans, apologising for the poor show that they offered, and promised that in the future they would play more respectable football.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [34, 34], "content_span": [35, 250]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077670-0002-0000", "contents": "1959\u201360 FC Dinamo Bucure\u0219ti season, Transfers\nBefore the start of the season Dinamo bought Haralambie Eftimie (from Dinamo Bac\u0103u). Dumitru Ivan and Lic\u0103 Nunweiller are promoted from the Tineretul Dinamovist (Young Dinamo player).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [36, 45], "content_span": [46, 229]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077671-0000-0000", "contents": "1959\u201360 FC Steaua Bucure\u0219ti season\nThe 1959\u201360 season was FC Steaua Bucure\u0219ti's 12th season since its founding in 1947.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [34, 34], "content_span": [35, 119]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077672-0000-0000", "contents": "1959\u201360 FIBA European Champions Cup\nThe 1959\u201360 FIBA European Champions Cup was third season of the European top-tier level professional basketball club competition FIBA European Champions Cup (now called EuroLeague). It was won by R\u012bgas ASK for the third straight time, an accomplishment only achieved again by Jugoplastika in the late 1980s, in 1989\u20131991. In the EuroLeague Finals, Riga defeated the Soviet Union League club, Dinamo Tbilisi, in both final games (51\u201361 & 62\u201369). Riga defeated Slovan Orbis Prague in the semifinals, and A\u0160K Olimpija in the quarterfinals.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [35, 35], "content_span": [36, 572]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077672-0001-0000", "contents": "1959\u201360 FIBA European Champions Cup, Competition system\n21 teams. European national domestic league champions, plus the then current FIBA European Champions Cup title holders only, playing in a tournament system. The Finals were a two-game home and away aggregate.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 55], "content_span": [56, 264]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077672-0002-0000", "contents": "1959\u201360 FIBA European Champions Cup, First round\n*Originally, the Champion of the Italian League was drawn to play against the Austrian champion, but the former was Simmenthal Milano, who was banned in European competition. Since the Italian Federation refused to name another entrant in Champions Cup, Union Babenberg received a forfeit (2-0) in both games.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 48], "content_span": [49, 358]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077672-0003-0000", "contents": "1959\u201360 FIBA European Champions Cup, First round\n* *Maccabi Tel Aviv withdrew before the competition due to internal problems and Fenerbah\u00e7e received a forfeit (2-0) in both games.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 48], "content_span": [49, 180]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077673-0000-0000", "contents": "1959\u201360 FIBA Women's European Champions Cup\nThe 1959\u201360 European Cup was the premier European women's basketball championship's second edition. Ten teams entered the competition, with defending champion Slavia Sofia receiving a bye for the semifinals.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 43], "section_span": [43, 43], "content_span": [44, 251]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077673-0001-0000", "contents": "1959\u201360 FIBA Women's European Champions Cup\nSoviet champion Daugava Riga won the championship in its debut appearance, defeating Slavia Sofia in the final. It was the first of Daugava's record 18 titles.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 43], "section_span": [43, 43], "content_span": [44, 203]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077674-0000-0000", "contents": "1959\u201360 FK Partizan season\nThe 1959\u201360 season was the 14th season in FK Partizan's existence. This article shows player statistics and matches that the club played during the 1959\u201360 season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [26, 26], "content_span": [27, 190]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077674-0001-0000", "contents": "1959\u201360 FK Partizan season, Players, Squad information\nNote: Flags indicate national team as defined under FIFA eligibility rules. Players may hold more than one non-FIFA nationality.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [28, 54], "content_span": [55, 183]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077675-0000-0000", "contents": "1959\u201360 Football League\nThe 1959\u201360 season was the 61st completed (62nd overall) season of The Football League.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [23, 23], "content_span": [24, 111]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077675-0001-0000", "contents": "1959\u201360 Football League, Final league tables\nThe tables below are reproduced here in the exact form that they can be found at  website and in Rothmans Book of Football League Records 1888\u201389 to 1978\u201379, with home and away statistics separated.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 44], "content_span": [45, 243]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077675-0002-0000", "contents": "1959\u201360 Football League, Final league tables\nBeginning with the season 1894\u201395, clubs finishing level on points were separated according to goal average (goals scored divided by goals conceded), or more properly put, goal ratio. In case one or more teams had the same goal difference, this system favoured those teams who had scored fewer goals. The goal average system was eventually scrapped beginning with the 1976\u201377 season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 44], "content_span": [45, 428]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077675-0003-0000", "contents": "1959\u201360 Football League, Final league tables\nSince the Fourth Division was established in the 1958\u201359 season, the bottom four teams of that division have been required to apply for re-election.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 44], "content_span": [45, 193]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077676-0000-0000", "contents": "1959\u201360 Four Hills Tournament\nThe eighth annual Four Hills Tournament in Germany and Austria was influenced by the German flag controversy, which led to the teams of the Warsaw pact zone withdrawing from the tournament. In addition, Finland and Norway decided not to compete due to preparations for the upcoming 1960 Winter Olympics. Finland ultimately sent prospective athletes.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [29, 29], "content_span": [30, 379]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077676-0001-0000", "contents": "1959\u201360 Four Hills Tournament\nThe tournament was instead dominated by the host country and for the first time, the Four Hills were won by a West German ski jumper, Max Bolkart.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [29, 29], "content_span": [30, 176]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077676-0002-0000", "contents": "1959\u201360 Four Hills Tournament, German Flag Controversy\nFor ten years after its declared independence, the German Democratic Republic continued to use the German tricolour for official use. In October 1959, they finally adapted a distinctive flag, the East German coat of arms in front of the tricolour. The Four Hills tournament starting in December 1959 was one of the first sporting events on West German ground where East German athletes were supposed to compete under the new flag.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 54], "content_span": [55, 485]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077676-0003-0000", "contents": "1959\u201360 Four Hills Tournament, German Flag Controversy\nHowever, it was prohibited to display the new East German flag under West German law and the hosts refused to do so in Oberstdorf. The strong East German delegation including defending champion Helmut Recknagel refused to compete under the circumstances and withdrew. Teams of countries that accepted East Germany as a sovereign nation and thus their flag, withdrew in solidarity (Czechoslovakia, Poland and the Soviet Union). Originally, it was announced that they would compete at the two events in Austria.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 54], "content_span": [55, 564]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077676-0004-0000", "contents": "1959\u201360 Four Hills Tournament, German Flag Controversy\nAustria, however, did not yet have diplomatic relations with the GDR and it was left to the local government to deal with the situation. Innsbruck mayor Alois Lugger decided not to display the East German flag either. Although he offered compromises, such as the use of the Olympic German flag or using no flags at all, the Warsaw pact teams declared their withdrawal on the day of the Innsbruck event and left the day after.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 54], "content_span": [55, 480]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077676-0005-0000", "contents": "1959\u201360 Four Hills Tournament, Participating nations and athletes\nMany notable absences include the teams from East Germany, the Soviet Union, Poland, Czechoslovakia, Norway and the top athletes from Finland.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 65], "content_span": [66, 208]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077676-0006-0000", "contents": "1959\u201360 Four Hills Tournament, Participating nations and athletes\nA French team, however, competed at the Four Hills for the first time.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 65], "content_span": [66, 136]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077676-0007-0000", "contents": "1959\u201360 Four Hills Tournament, Results, Garmisch-Partenkirchen\nWith his ninth place in Garmisch-Partenkirchen, Jacques Charland became the first non-European with a Top-Ten-finish at a Four Hills event.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 62], "content_span": [63, 202]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077676-0008-0000", "contents": "1959\u201360 Four Hills Tournament, Results, Innsbruck\nThanks to close results so far, the overall ranking was still closely contested after the first two events. In Innsbruck however, Max Bolkart increased his lead to almost twenty points after a third, clearer victory.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 49], "content_span": [50, 266]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077676-0009-0000", "contents": "1959\u201360 Four Hills Tournament, Results, Innsbruck\nCuriously, three out of four Swedish competitors shared 21st place, equal in points (198.5).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 49], "content_span": [50, 142]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077676-0010-0000", "contents": "1959\u201360 Four Hills Tournament, Results, Bischofshofen\nMax Bolkart was the third athlete within seven years to win the first three events but fail to achieve the 'Grand Slam' in Bischofshofen. He still became the first West German to win the tournament however, as Alwin Plank almost, but not quite closed the gap in the overall ranking.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 53], "content_span": [54, 336]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077676-0011-0000", "contents": "1959\u201360 Four Hills Tournament, Results, Bischofshofen\nThe Austrians achieved their first triple victory, a feat that only the Finnish had produced so far (twice in 1954-55).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 53], "content_span": [54, 173]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077677-0000-0000", "contents": "1959\u201360 French Division 1\nStade de Reims won Division 1 season 1959/1960 of the French Association Football League with 60 points.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [25, 25], "content_span": [26, 130]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077677-0001-0000", "contents": "1959\u201360 French Division 1, Final table\nPromoted from Division 2, who will play in Division 1 season 1960/1961", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [27, 38], "content_span": [39, 109]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077678-0000-0000", "contents": "1959\u201360 French Division 2, Overview\nIt was contested by 20 teams, and Grenoble won the championship.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [27, 35], "content_span": [36, 100]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077679-0000-0000", "contents": "1959\u201360 French Rugby Union Championship\nThe 1958-59 French Rugby Union Championship was contested by 56 clubs divided in seven pools of eight clubs.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [39, 39], "content_span": [40, 148]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077679-0001-0000", "contents": "1959\u201360 French Rugby Union Championship\nThe four better of each pool and the four better classified as 5th (for a sum of 32 clubs) were qualified for the final phase.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [39, 39], "content_span": [40, 166]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077679-0002-0000", "contents": "1959\u201360 French Rugby Union Championship\nThe Championship was won by Lourdes who beat the B\u00e9ziers in the final.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [39, 39], "content_span": [40, 110]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077679-0003-0000", "contents": "1959\u201360 French Rugby Union Championship, Context\nThe 1960 Five Nations Championship was won by France and by Ireland.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 48], "content_span": [49, 117]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077679-0004-0000", "contents": "1959\u201360 French Rugby Union Championship, Context\nThe Challenge Yves du Manoir was won by Mont-de-Marsan that beat the B\u00e9ziers (9-9 the score but Mont de Maresan won for the number of tries scored)", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 48], "content_span": [49, 196]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077679-0005-0000", "contents": "1959\u201360 French Rugby Union Championship, Semifinals\nThe  B\u00e9ziers because with the same number of point and tries, had a better number of penalties (1 \u20130, Pau score only a drop)", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 51], "content_span": [52, 176]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077679-0006-0000", "contents": "1959\u201360 French Rugby Union Championship, Final\nLourdes team was renewed from the previous year because of the retirement of Maurice and Jean Prat, The farewell of Fran\u00e7ois Labazuy (moved to Tarbes),  Henri Rancoule (to Touloun), Pierre Lacaze and Jean Barthe (to play rugby league). The departures was compensated by the arrivals of Michel Crauste and Arnaud Marquesuzaa and Roland Cranc\u00e9e.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 46], "content_span": [47, 390]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077680-0000-0000", "contents": "1959\u201360 Galatasaray S.K. season\nThe 1959\u201360 season was Galatasaray's 58th in existence and the 2nd consecutive season in the Milli Lig. This article shows statistics of the club's players in the season, and also lists all matches that the club have played in the season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [31, 31], "content_span": [32, 270]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077681-0000-0000", "contents": "1959\u201360 Georgetown Hoyas men's basketball team\nThe 1959\u201360 Georgetown Hoyas men's basketball team represented Georgetown University during the 1959\u201360 NCAA University Division college basketball season. Tom Nolan coached them in his fourth and final season as head coach. The team was an independent and played its home games at McDonough Gymnasium on the Georgetown campus in Washington, D.C.. The team finished with a record of 11-12 and had no post-season play.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 46], "section_span": [46, 46], "content_span": [47, 464]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077681-0001-0000", "contents": "1959\u201360 Georgetown Hoyas men's basketball team, Season recap\nDiminutive junior guard Brian \"Puddy\" Sheehan, the team's point guard and a dominant player throughout his college career, had emerged the previous season as Georgetown's top scorer on an undersized team. He continued as such this season among taller teammates, averaging 21.3 points per game in his first six games, including a 29-point performance against Saint Peter's and 27 against Niagara. In the ninth game of the year, he scored 23 points against Providence in the championship game of the Providence Invitational Tournament. Despite usually playing against opponents who were six inches (15\u00a0cm) taller, he was Georgetown's top scorer for the second straight year, averaging 15.6 points per game for the season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 46], "section_span": [48, 60], "content_span": [61, 780]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077681-0002-0000", "contents": "1959\u201360 Georgetown Hoyas men's basketball team, Season recap\nEither Sheehan or junior center Tom Coleman led the team in scoring in 15 games. In addition to providing a strong defensive presence, Coleman scored in double figures ten times, with 24 against Fordham and a season-high 26 versus Boston College.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 46], "section_span": [48, 60], "content_span": [61, 307]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077681-0003-0000", "contents": "1959\u201360 Georgetown Hoyas men's basketball team, Season recap\nSophomore guard Jim Carrino joined the varsity team this year after a season on the freshman team. As reserve during the year, he nonetheless provided welcome assistance to Sheehan in the backcourt, coming off the bench to average 12.2 points per game and score in 12 games, including 18 points against Brown, 24 against Fordham, and 26 against Boston College. An injury cut his season short and he appeared in only 15 games, but his performance earned him a starting spot on the next year's team.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 46], "section_span": [48, 60], "content_span": [61, 558]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077681-0004-0000", "contents": "1959\u201360 Georgetown Hoyas men's basketball team, Season recap\nSophomore forward Paul \"Tag\" Tagliabue also joined the varsity team this season after a year on the freshman team. He scored in double figures in eight of his last ten games and demonstrated a willingness to fight for rebounds under the basket; he led the Hoyas in rebounding for the season, and, as a three-year starter, was destined to become one of the top rebounders in school history.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 46], "section_span": [48, 60], "content_span": [61, 450]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077681-0005-0000", "contents": "1959\u201360 Georgetown Hoyas men's basketball team, Season recap\nAnother sophomore, center Bob Sharpenter, had been a high school standout and a top scorer on the freshman team the previous season, but he struggled with the transition to the varsity this year. Playing in only 12 games, he averaged only 4.5 points per game and shot only 34% from the field, and also showed defensive weaknesses. He would correct his shooting and defense the following season, and by his senior year would emerge as one of Georgetown's great players.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 46], "section_span": [48, 60], "content_span": [61, 529]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077681-0006-0000", "contents": "1959\u201360 Georgetown Hoyas men's basketball team, Season recap\nJunior forward Tom Matan had been a standout the previous season, but with taller players like Tagliabue and Sharpenter now on the team, he moved to a swing role in which he was not as productive. Nonetheless, he scored in double figures six times and had a season-high 21 points against Fairfield.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 46], "section_span": [48, 60], "content_span": [61, 359]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077681-0007-0000", "contents": "1959\u201360 Georgetown Hoyas men's basketball team, Season recap\nThe 1959-60 team finished with a record of 11-12 and had no post-season play. The last Georgetown men's basketball team with a losing record until the 1967-68 season, it was not ranked in the Top 20 in the Associated Press Poll or Coaches' Poll at any time.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 46], "section_span": [48, 60], "content_span": [61, 318]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077681-0008-0000", "contents": "1959\u201360 Georgetown Hoyas men's basketball team, Season recap\nNolan left the head coaching position after the end of the season to focus on coaching the Georgetown baseball team, which he did through the 1978 season. He departed with a 40-49 record during his four-season tenure, with no winning seasons and no post-season tournament appearances. Georgetown hired assistant coach and former Georgetown and National Basketball Association (NBA) player Tommy O'Keefe as his replacement.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 46], "section_span": [48, 60], "content_span": [61, 483]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077681-0009-0000", "contents": "1959\u201360 Georgetown Hoyas men's basketball team, Roster\nFrom the 1958-59 season through the 1967-68 season, Georgetown players wore even-numbered jerseys for home games and odd-numbered ones for away games; for example, a player would wear No. 10 at home and No. 11 on the road. Players are listed below by the even numbers they wore at home.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 46], "section_span": [48, 54], "content_span": [55, 341]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077681-0010-0000", "contents": "1959\u201360 Georgetown Hoyas men's basketball team, Roster\nSenior guard and team captain Ed Hargaden, Jr., was the first second-generation Georgetown men's basketball player, his father, guard Ed Hargaden, having been a standout guard on the 1932-33, 1933-34, and 1934-35 teams. He also was the only second-generation player in school history until center Patrick Ewing's son, forward Patrick Ewing, Jr., joined the team in the 2006-07 season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 46], "section_span": [48, 54], "content_span": [55, 439]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077681-0011-0000", "contents": "1959\u201360 Georgetown Hoyas men's basketball team, Roster\nSophomore forward Paul Tagliabue later became Commissioner of the National Football League.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 46], "section_span": [48, 54], "content_span": [55, 146]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077682-0000-0000", "contents": "1959\u201360 Greek Football Cup\nThe 1959\u201360 Greek Football Cup was the 18th edition of the Greek Football Cup. The competition culminated with the Greek Cup Final, replayed at Karaiskakis Stadium, on 11 September 1960, because of the previous match (7 August) draw. The match was contested by Olympiacos and Panathinaikos, with Olympiacos by winning 3\u20130.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [26, 26], "content_span": [27, 349]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077682-0001-0000", "contents": "1959\u201360 Greek Football Cup, Final\nThe 18th Greek Cup Final was played at the Leoforos Alexandras Stadium and replayed at the Karaiskakis Stadium.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [28, 33], "content_span": [34, 145]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077683-0000-0000", "contents": "1959\u201360 Greenlandic Football Championship\nThe 1959\u201360 Greenlandic Football Championship (also known as the Danish: Fodboldturneringen Gr\u00f8nlandturneringen, Fodboldmesterskab i Gr\u00f8nland or Greenlandic: Angutit Inersimasut GM) was the 3rd edition of the Greenlandic Men's Football Championship. Played on a knock-out basis, the final round was held at Gamle Sandbane in Nuuk. It was won by Nanok who defeated Kissaviarsuk-33 in the final.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 41], "section_span": [41, 41], "content_span": [42, 435]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077683-0001-0000", "contents": "1959\u201360 Greenlandic Football Championship, Background\nThe first federation to organise a national football championship in Greenland was the GIF (Danish: Gr\u00f8nlands Idr\u00e6tsforening), a general sports federation that organised more than just football tournaments, founded on 3 September 1953 at a meeting attended by eleven clubs from Upernavik, Uummannaq, Qeqertarsuatsiaat, Qasigiannguit, Aasiaat, Sisimiut, Maniitsoq, Nuuk, Paamiut and Qaqortoq. The 1954\u201355 tournament was the first national football tournament and GIF continued to organise the competition, usually announced as Fodboldturneringen, Gr\u00f8nlandturneringen or Fodboldmesterskab i Gr\u00f8nland, until 1970.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 41], "section_span": [43, 53], "content_span": [54, 664]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077683-0001-0001", "contents": "1959\u201360 Greenlandic Football Championship, Background\nFor the first decade of its existence, the tournament was held sporadically, with iterations often taking more than a year to complete. In 1971 a football specific federation, the Football Association of Greenland (Greenlandic: Kalaallit Nunaanni Isikkamik Arsaattartut Kattuffiat; Danish: Gr\u00f8nlands Boldspil-Union), was founded, and took over the organisation of the tournament.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 41], "section_span": [43, 53], "content_span": [54, 433]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077683-0002-0000", "contents": "1959\u201360 Greenlandic Football Championship, Competing teams\nA total of thirty four teams registered for the 1959\u201360 season of competition.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 41], "section_span": [43, 58], "content_span": [59, 137]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077683-0003-0000", "contents": "1959\u201360 Greenlandic Football Championship, Format\nThe tournament was played on a knock-out basis, with the teams divided into regional pools for the draw. As a result of this, the timing of matches was such that teams in certain areas were able to play their matches significantly more quickly than those in others. As a consequence of this, by the end of 1959, the various rounds of the competition do not tie to any overarching time frame and, by the end of 1959, Malamuk and K-33 had qualified for the semi-finals whilst the remaining quarter finals were still to be played.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 41], "section_span": [43, 49], "content_span": [50, 577]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077684-0000-0000", "contents": "1959\u201360 Hamburger SV season\nThe 1959\u201360 Hamburger SV season was the 13th consecutive season playing in the Oberliga Nord, the first-tier of football in the region. Hamburg also competed in this season's editions of the German football championship and the 1958\u201359 DFB-Pokal, which was contested in the late autumn of 1959.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [27, 27], "content_span": [28, 322]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077684-0001-0000", "contents": "1959\u201360 Hamburger SV season\nIn 1960, HSV became German champions for the first time since 1928, defeating 1. FC K\u00f6ln 3\u20132 in the championship final. Seeler, who scored twice in the final, was named the inaugural winner of the West German Footballer of the Year.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [27, 27], "content_span": [28, 260]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077685-0000-0000", "contents": "1959\u201360 Heart of Midlothian F.C. season\nDuring the 1959\u201360 season Hearts competed in the Scottish First Division, the Scottish Cup, the Scottish League Cup and the East of Scotland Shield.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [39, 39], "content_span": [40, 188]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077686-0000-0000", "contents": "1959\u201360 Hellenic Football League\nThe 1959\u201360 Hellenic Football League season was the seventh in the history of the Hellenic Football League, a football competition in England.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [32, 32], "content_span": [33, 175]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077686-0001-0000", "contents": "1959\u201360 Hellenic Football League, Premier Division\nThe Premier Division featured 14 clubs which competed in the division last season, along with three new clubs:", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 50], "content_span": [51, 161]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077686-0002-0000", "contents": "1959\u201360 Hellenic Football League, Division One\nThe Division One featured 10 clubs which competed in the division last season, along with 2 new clubs:", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 46], "content_span": [47, 149]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077687-0000-0000", "contents": "1959\u201360 Hibernian F.C. season\nDuring the 1959\u201360 season Hibernian, a football club based in Edinburgh, came seventh out of 18 clubs in the Scottish First Division.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [29, 29], "content_span": [30, 163]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077687-0001-0000", "contents": "1959\u201360 Hibernian F.C. season, Scottish First Division, Friendly matches\nOn 2 November 1959, Hibs played a friendly against Middlesbrough at Easter Road. Joe Baker scored a hat-trick for Hibs in a 6\u20136 draw.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 72], "content_span": [73, 206]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077688-0000-0000", "contents": "1959\u201360 Hong Kong First Division League\nThe 1959\u201360 Hong Kong First Division League season was the 49th since its establishment.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [39, 39], "content_span": [40, 128]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077689-0000-0000", "contents": "1959\u201360 Huddersfield Town A.F.C. season\nHuddersfield Town's 1959\u201360 campaign was Town's best season following their relegation from Division 1 4 years earlier. The main points of the season were the resignation of Bill Shankly, who would then lead Liverpool to greatness in his years in charge. Their FA Cup win over West Ham United in the third round replay at Upton Park, which would inadvertently lead to the departure of Denis Law to Manchester City for a record-breaking fee of \u00a355,000.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [39, 39], "content_span": [40, 491]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077689-0001-0000", "contents": "1959\u201360 Huddersfield Town A.F.C. season, Squad at the start of the season\nNote: Flags indicate national team as defined under FIFA eligibility rules. Players may hold more than one non-FIFA nationality.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 73], "content_span": [74, 202]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077689-0002-0000", "contents": "1959\u201360 Huddersfield Town A.F.C. season, Review\nBill Shankly made good progress with Town at the start of the season, leading them to 5 wins in their first 7 league games. A dreadful run of only 1 win in 10 games saw Town slide down the table and then on 1 December, Shankly resigned to take charge of league rivals Liverpool. Shankly's last match in charge of Town was against the Anfield outfit. Ex-Town player Eddie Boot took charge of Town for the rest of the season. He led Town on a charge up the table mainly consisting of alternating wins and losses. However, Town's form led them to a finish of 6th place, their best finish since relegation 4 years earlier.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 47], "content_span": [48, 666]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077689-0003-0000", "contents": "1959\u201360 Huddersfield Town A.F.C. season, Review\nAnother highlight of the season was the astonishing win over West Ham United in the FA Cup third round replay at Upton Park with a score of 5 goals to 1. This win showcased the amazing talents of Denis Law, who within 2 months broke the transfer record for a British player after transferring to Manchester City for \u00a355,000.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 47], "content_span": [48, 372]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077689-0004-0000", "contents": "1959\u201360 Huddersfield Town A.F.C. season, Squad at the end of the season\nNote: Flags indicate national team as defined under FIFA eligibility rules. Players may hold more than one non-FIFA nationality.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 71], "content_span": [72, 200]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077690-0000-0000", "contents": "1959\u201360 IHL season\nThe 1959\u201360 IHL season was the 15th season of the International Hockey League, a North American minor professional league. Eight teams participated in the regular season, and the St. Paul Saints won the Turner Cup.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 18], "section_span": [18, 18], "content_span": [19, 233]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077691-0000-0000", "contents": "1959\u201360 Idaho Vandals men's basketball team\nThe 1959\u201360 Idaho Vandals men's basketball team represented the University of Idaho during the 1959\u201360 NCAA University Division  basketball season. The independent Vandals were led by first-year head coach Dave Strack and played their home games on campus at Memorial Gymnasium in Moscow, Idaho.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 43], "section_span": [43, 43], "content_span": [44, 339]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077691-0001-0000", "contents": "1959\u201360 Idaho Vandals men's basketball team\nIn the four years between the demise of the Pacific Coast Conference (1959) and the founding of the Big Sky Conference (1963), Idaho was an independent; this season the Vandals had an 11\u201315 (.423) record.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 43], "section_span": [43, 43], "content_span": [44, 248]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077691-0002-0000", "contents": "1959\u201360 Idaho Vandals men's basketball team\nAfter just one season in Moscow, Strack resigned in May to return to Michigan, his alma mater; he was succeeded by Joe Cipriano, a former player (and assistant coach) at Washington in Seattle.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 43], "section_span": [43, 43], "content_span": [44, 236]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077692-0000-0000", "contents": "1959\u201360 Illinois Fighting Illini men's basketball team\nThe 1959\u201360 Illinois Fighting Illini men\u2019s basketball team represented the University of Illinois.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 54], "section_span": [54, 54], "content_span": [55, 153]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077692-0001-0000", "contents": "1959\u201360 Illinois Fighting Illini men's basketball team, Regular season\nEntering his 13th year as University of Illinois' head coach, Harry Combes and his Fighting Illini basketball team. Started gaining on the national scene once again by beginning the Big Ten season as a top 10 ranked team. The Associated Press would eventually rank the Illini as high as number eight during the course of the season; however, the team would falter late in the season, dropping three straight games and fall out of the rankings. The final AP and UPI rankings would include only two Big Ten teams, Ohio State (ranked 3) and Indiana (ranked 7/10).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 54], "section_span": [56, 70], "content_span": [71, 631]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077692-0001-0001", "contents": "1959\u201360 Illinois Fighting Illini men's basketball team, Regular season\nOhio State would go on and win the NCAA Tournament. For the second time in the history of the Illini, they would play in a mid-season tournament. The tournament they would compete in would be the inaugural Los Angeles Basketball Classic held at the Los Angeles Memorial Sports Arena December 28\u201330.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 54], "section_span": [56, 70], "content_span": [71, 369]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077692-0002-0000", "contents": "1959\u201360 Illinois Fighting Illini men's basketball team, Regular season\nThe 1959-60 team utilized several returning lettermen including the leading scorer and team \"MVP\" Govoner Vaughn. It also saw the return of team \"captain\" Mannie Jackson as well as Ed Perry, Lou Landt, John Wessels, Lee Frandsen, Vern Altemeyer, Al Gosnell and Bruce Bunkenberg. Jerry Colangelo, a future sports mogul, also played a significant role as a sophomore. The Illini finished the season with a conference record of 8 wins and 6 losses, finishing tied for 3rd place in the Big Ten. They would finish with an overall record of 16 wins and 7 losses. The starting lineup included John Wessels at the center position, Vern Altemeyer, Lou Landt and Mannie Jackson at guard and Govoner Vaughn and Ed Perry at the forward slots.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 54], "section_span": [56, 70], "content_span": [71, 801]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077693-0000-0000", "contents": "1959\u201360 Indiana Hoosiers men's basketball team\nThe 1959\u201360 Indiana Hoosiers men's basketball team represented Indiana University. Their head coach was Branch McCracken, who was in his 19th year. For the last time, the team played its home games in The Fieldhouse in Bloomington, Indiana, and was a member of the Big Ten Conference.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 46], "section_span": [46, 46], "content_span": [47, 331]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077693-0001-0000", "contents": "1959\u201360 Indiana Hoosiers men's basketball team\nThe Hoosiers finished the regular season with an overall record of 20\u20134 and a conference record of 11\u20133, finishing 2nd in the Big Ten Conference. Indiana was not invited to participate in any postseason tournament.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 46], "section_span": [46, 46], "content_span": [47, 261]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077694-0000-0000", "contents": "1959\u201360 Iowa State Cyclones men's basketball team\nThe 1959\u201360 Iowa State Cyclones men's basketball team represented Iowa State University during the 1959\u201360 NCAA Division I men's basketball season. The Cyclones were coached by Glen Anderson, who was in his first season with the Cyclones. They played their home games at the Iowa State Armory in Ames, Iowa.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 49], "section_span": [49, 49], "content_span": [50, 357]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077694-0001-0000", "contents": "1959\u201360 Iowa State Cyclones men's basketball team\nThey finished the season 15\u20139, 7\u20137 in Big Eight play to finish in fourth place. They were Big Eight Holiday Tournament champions, defeating Kansas State, Colorado and Kansas in the December tournament.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 49], "section_span": [49, 49], "content_span": [50, 251]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077695-0000-0000", "contents": "1959\u201360 Iraq Central FA First Division Cup\nThe 1959\u201360 Iraq Central FA First Division Cup was the 12th season of the Iraq Central FA League (the top division of football in Baghdad and its neighbouring cities from 1948 to 1973). It was played as a double-elimination tournament. Al-Athori beat Al-Quwa Al-Jawiya 3\u20130 in the final on 6 May 1960 to win their first title.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 42], "section_span": [42, 42], "content_span": [43, 368]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077695-0001-0000", "contents": "1959\u201360 Iraq Central FA First Division Cup, Third round, Winners bracket\nThe match was ended five minutes early after two Amanat Al-Asima players walked off the field in protest at a refereeing decision", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 42], "section_span": [44, 72], "content_span": [73, 202]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077696-0000-0000", "contents": "1959\u201360 Irish League\nThe Irish League in season 1959\u201360. It was contested by 12 teams, and Glenavon won the championship.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [20, 20], "content_span": [21, 121]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077697-0000-0000", "contents": "1959\u201360 Isthmian League\nThe 1959\u201360 season was the 45th in the history of the Isthmian League, an English football competition.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [23, 23], "content_span": [24, 127]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077697-0001-0000", "contents": "1959\u201360 Isthmian League\nAt the end of the previous season Romford were transferred to the Southern Football League, while Maidstone United were newly admitted to the league.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [23, 23], "content_span": [24, 173]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077697-0002-0000", "contents": "1959\u201360 Isthmian League\nTooting & Mitcham United were champions, winning their second Isthmian League title.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [23, 23], "content_span": [24, 108]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077698-0000-0000", "contents": "1959\u201360 Juventus F.C. season\nDuring the 1959\u201360 season Juventus Football Club competed in Serie A, the Coppa Italia and the Friendship Cup.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [28, 28], "content_span": [29, 139]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077698-0001-0000", "contents": "1959\u201360 Juventus F.C. season, Summary\nJuventus Football Club won the domestic title with a 7 points gap from runners-up Fiorentina, including a record of 92 goals scored.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 37], "content_span": [38, 170]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077698-0002-0000", "contents": "1959\u201360 Juventus F.C. season, Summary\nThe Double came along clinching the Coppa Italia. The match was played on 18 September 1960 between Juventus and Fiorentina. Juventus won 3\u20132; it was their fourth victory.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 37], "content_span": [38, 209]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077698-0003-0000", "contents": "1959\u201360 Juventus F.C. season, Squad\nNote: Flags indicate national team as defined under FIFA eligibility rules. Players may hold more than one non-FIFA nationality.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 35], "content_span": [36, 164]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077699-0000-0000", "contents": "1959\u201360 Kangaroo tour\nThe 1959\u201360 Kangaroo tour was the tenth Kangaroo tour, in which the Australian national rugby league team traveled to Europe and played thirty-seven matches against British, French and Italian teams, including the Ashes series of three Test matches against Great Britain, two Test matches against the French and an additional two non-Test matches against an Italian representative team. It followed the tour of 1956-57 and the next was staged in 1963-64.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [21, 21], "content_span": [22, 476]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077699-0001-0000", "contents": "1959\u201360 Kangaroo tour, The squad's leadership\nThe team was coached by Clive Churchill. The team captain was Balmain Tigers Fullback Keith Barnes while the vice-captain was Manly-Warringah's dual rugby international forward Rex Mossop. Tour co-managers were Jack Argent and Ern Keffer. In the five matches in which neither Barnes nor Mossop played, the Kangaroos were captained by five different players: Harry Wells (against Leigh), Brian Hambly (combined Workington and Whitehaven), Brian Clay (Bradford Northern), Brian Carlson (Swinton) and Billy Wilson (Huddersfield).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [23, 45], "content_span": [46, 572]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077699-0002-0000", "contents": "1959\u201360 Kangaroo tour, Touring squad\nThe Rugby League News published a  and details of the touring team including the players' ages and weights. Match details - listing surnames of both teams and the point scorers - were included in E.E. Christensen's Official Rugby League Yearbook, as was a summary of the players' point-scoring. Beattie, Boden, Kelly, Muir, Parcell, Paterson and Rasmussen were selected from Queensland clubs. Chapman, Hambly, Parish and Walsh were selected from clubs in New South Wales Country areas. The balance of the squad had played for Sydney based clubs during the 1959 season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [23, 36], "content_span": [37, 605]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077699-0003-0000", "contents": "1959\u201360 Kangaroo tour, Great Britain\nThe largest non-test attendance of the tour was 29,156 when the Kangaroos defeated St. Helens at Knowsley Road.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [23, 36], "content_span": [37, 148]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077699-0004-0000", "contents": "1959\u201360 Kangaroo tour, Great Britain, Test Venues\nThe three Ashes series tests took place at the following venues.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [23, 49], "content_span": [50, 114]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077699-0005-0000", "contents": "1959\u201360 Kangaroo tour, Great Britain, The Ashes series\nThe Ashes series against Great Britain saw an aggregate crowd of 91,604 attending the Test series. The largest attendance of the tour came during the Kangaroos 22-14 first test win over Great Britain at Station Road in Swinton with 35,224 in attendance.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [23, 54], "content_span": [55, 308]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077699-0006-0000", "contents": "1959\u201360 Kangaroo tour, Great Britain, The Ashes series, First Test\nThe first Ashes series test was played at Station Road, Swinton and drew the tours largest attendance of 35,224. Australia won the first test 22-14 with Reg Gasnier playing in his first ever test match against Great Britain named as the man of the match with 3 tries.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [23, 66], "content_span": [67, 334]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077699-0007-0000", "contents": "1959\u201360 Kangaroo tour, Great Britain, The Ashes series, First Test\n5 days prior to the match against Bradford Northern, the Kangaroos played the first test against France.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [23, 66], "content_span": [67, 171]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077699-0008-0000", "contents": "1959\u201360 Kangaroo tour, Great Britain, The Ashes series, Second Test\nThe Kangaroos went within one penalty goal of becoming the first All-Australian team to win The Ashes on British soil and the first touring side to win The Ashes since 1911-12. However, the Lions survived and the series would go on to a deciding 3rd test.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [23, 67], "content_span": [68, 323]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077699-0009-0000", "contents": "1959\u201360 Kangaroo tour, Great Britain, The Ashes series, Third Test\nThis would be the final time that Great Britain (or England) would win the Ashes on home soil (as of 2017).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [23, 66], "content_span": [67, 174]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077699-0010-0000", "contents": "1959\u201360 Kangaroo tour, France\nThe first two games of the French leg of the tour were actually played while The Kangaroos were still completing the British leg.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [23, 29], "content_span": [30, 159]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077699-0011-0000", "contents": "1959\u201360 Kangaroo tour, France, First Test\nAustralia won the first test against the French at the Parc des Princes in Paris. Kangaroos winger Eddie Lumsden crossed for 3 tries while legendary winger Ken Irvine made the first of 33 test appearances for Australia.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [23, 41], "content_span": [42, 261]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077699-0012-0000", "contents": "1959\u201360 Kangaroo tour, France, First Test\nThe game against the French Army XIII was played 4 days before the third Ashes test against Great Britain", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [23, 41], "content_span": [42, 147]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077699-0013-0000", "contents": "1959\u201360 Kangaroo tour, Italy\nTo finish the tour, the Kangaroos played two games against an Italian representative team.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [23, 28], "content_span": [29, 119]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077700-0000-0000", "contents": "1959\u201360 Kansas Jayhawks men's basketball team\nThe 1959\u201360 Kansas Jayhawks men's basketball team represented the University of Kansas during the 1959\u201360 college men's basketball season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 45], "section_span": [45, 45], "content_span": [46, 184]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077701-0000-0000", "contents": "1959\u201360 LFF Lyga\nThe 1959\u201360 LFF Lyga was the 39th season of the LFF Lyga football competition in Lithuania. It was contested by 12 teams, and Elnias \u0160iauliai won the championship.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 16], "section_span": [16, 16], "content_span": [17, 180]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077702-0000-0000", "contents": "1959\u201360 La Liga\nThe 1959\u201360 La Liga was the 29th season since its establishment. The season started on September 13, 1959, and finished on April 17, 1960.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 15], "section_span": [15, 15], "content_span": [16, 154]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077702-0001-0000", "contents": "1959\u201360 La Liga, Relegation play-offs\nPlay-off between C\u00f3rdoba and Real Sociedad was decided after a tie-break match, where Real Sociedad won 1\u20130.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 15], "section_span": [17, 37], "content_span": [38, 146]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077703-0000-0000", "contents": "1959\u201360 Lancashire Cup\nThe 1959\u201360 Lancashire Cup was the forty-seventh occasion on which the competition had been held. Warrington won the trophy by beating St. Helens by the score of 5-4.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [22, 22], "content_span": [23, 189]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077703-0001-0000", "contents": "1959\u201360 Lancashire Cup, Background\nWith again no invitation to a junior club this season, the total number of teams entering the competition remained the same at 14. The same fixture format was retained, and due to the number of clubs this resulted in no bye but one \u201cblank\u201d or \u201cdummy\u201d fixture in the first round, and one bye in the second round", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [24, 34], "content_span": [35, 345]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077703-0002-0000", "contents": "1959\u201360 Lancashire Cup, Competition and results, Round 1\nInvolved  7 matches (with no bye but one \u201cblank\u201d fixture) and 14 clubs", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [24, 56], "content_span": [57, 127]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077703-0003-0000", "contents": "1959\u201360 Lancashire Cup, Competition and results, Final\nThe match was played at Central Park, Wigan, (historically in the county of Lancashire). The attendance was 39,237 and receipts were \u00a36,424. This is the last time the attendance at a Lancashire Cup final would approach 40,000.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [24, 54], "content_span": [55, 281]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077703-0004-0000", "contents": "1959\u201360 Lancashire Cup, Competition and results, Final, Teams and Scorers\nScoring - Try = three (3) points - Goal = two (2) points - Drop goal = two (2) points", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [24, 73], "content_span": [74, 159]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077703-0005-0000", "contents": "1959\u201360 Lancashire Cup, Notes and comments\n1 * The first Lancashie Cup match to be played since the stadium was renamed after the former chairman James Hilton 2 * The fixture date was given in the official St. Helens archives as Wednesday 30 September - but RUGBY LEAGUE review gives the date as Tuesday 29 September 3 * Central Park was the home ground of Wigan with a final capacity of 18,000, although the record attendance was  47,747 for Wigan v St Helens 27 March 1959", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [24, 42], "content_span": [43, 474]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077704-0000-0000", "contents": "1959\u201360 Landsdelsserien\nThis is the current revision of this page, as edited by Jevansen (talk | contribs) at 01:45, 10 September 2020 (Moving from Category:1. divisjon seasons to Category:Norwegian First Division seasons using Cat-a-lot). The present address (URL) is a permanent link to this version.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [23, 23], "content_span": [24, 302]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077704-0001-0000", "contents": "1959\u201360 Landsdelsserien\nThe 1959\u201360 Landsdelsserien was a Norwegian second-tier football league season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [23, 23], "content_span": [24, 103]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077704-0002-0000", "contents": "1959\u201360 Landsdelsserien\nThe league was contested by 54 teams, divided into a total of seven groups from four districts; \u00d8stland/S\u00f8ndre, \u00d8stland/Nordre, S\u00f8rland/Vestre and M\u00f8re/Tr\u00f8ndelag. The two group winners in the \u00d8stland districts, \u00d8rn and Frigg promoted directly to the 1960\u201361 Hovedserien. The other five group winners qualified for promotion play-offs to compete for two spots in the following season's top flight. Stavanger and Rosenborg won the play-offs and were promoted.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [23, 23], "content_span": [24, 481]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077704-0003-0000", "contents": "1959\u201360 Landsdelsserien, Promotion play-offs\nRosenborg won 9\u20130 on aggregate and were promoted to Hovedserien.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 44], "content_span": [45, 109]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077705-0000-0000", "contents": "1959\u201360 League of Ireland, Overview\nIt was contested by 12 teams, and Limerick won the championship and qualified to play in the European Cup for following season 1960/61.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [27, 35], "content_span": [36, 171]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077706-0000-0000", "contents": "1959\u201360 Liga Alef\nThe 1959\u201360 Liga Alef season saw Shimshon Tel Aviv win the title and promotion to Liga Leumit.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [17, 17], "content_span": [18, 112]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077707-0000-0000", "contents": "1959\u201360 Liga Bet\nThe 1959\u201360 Liga Bet season saw Hapoel HaMechonit,  Hapoel Herzliya, Hapoel Lod and Maccabi Sha'arayim win their regional divisions, and qualify for promotion play-offs. Hapoel Herzliya and Maccabi Sha'arayim won the promotion play-offs and promoted to Liga Alef.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 16], "section_span": [16, 16], "content_span": [17, 280]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077707-0001-0000", "contents": "1959\u201360 Liga Bet, North Division A\nMaccabi Tiberias withdrew from the league during the season and their results were nullified.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 16], "section_span": [18, 34], "content_span": [35, 128]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077707-0002-0000", "contents": "1959\u201360 Liga Bet, Promotion play-offs\nA promotion play-off was played between the two winners of the North divisions, and another promotion play-off was played between the two winners of the South divisions. the play-offs format was of two legs, with a decisive match played in neutral venue, if two teams are level. the play-off winners set to be promoted to Liga Alef.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 16], "section_span": [18, 37], "content_span": [38, 370]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077708-0000-0000", "contents": "1959\u201360 Liga Espa\u00f1ola de Baloncesto\nThe 1959\u201360 season was the 4th season of the Liga Espa\u00f1ola de Baloncesto. R. Madrid won their title.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [35, 35], "content_span": [36, 136]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077709-0000-0000", "contents": "1959\u201360 Liga Leumit\nThe 1959\u201360 Liga Leumit season took place between September 1959 and June 1960. Hapoel Petah Tikva won their second consecutive title, whilst Hapoel Ramat Gan were relegated. Rafi Levi of Maccabi Tel Aviv was the league's top scorer with 19 goals.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [19, 19], "content_span": [20, 267]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077709-0001-0000", "contents": "1959\u201360 Liga Leumit\nThe league used two points for a win and one for a draw.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [19, 19], "content_span": [20, 76]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077710-0000-0000", "contents": "1959\u201360 Liverpool F.C. season\nThe 1959\u201360 season was the 68th season in Liverpool F.C. 's existence, and was their 5th consecutive year in the Second Division, and covers the period from 1959-08-22 to 1960-04-30.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [29, 29], "content_span": [30, 212]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077710-0001-0000", "contents": "1959\u201360 Liverpool F.C. season, Pre-season\nOn 12 June, having spent three years at Liverpool and missing only six matches, 29-year-old goalkeeper Tommy Younger was allowed to leave to take on a player-manager role at Scottish Second Division side Falkirk. In exchange, Liverpool signed Falkirk's 23-year-old goalkeeper Bert Slater. Slater had made 134 appearances for Falkirk, winning a Scottish Cup winners medal in the process, before the club were relegated at the end of the 1958-59 season. Slater was small for a goalkeeper standing at just 5\u00a0ft 8+1\u20442\u00a0in (1.740\u00a0m) and was nicknamed 'Shorty' but he was immediately put into the Liverpool goal upon his arrival.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 41], "content_span": [42, 664]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077710-0002-0000", "contents": "1959\u201360 Liverpool F.C. season, Pre-season\nThere were promotions to the first-team for local-born 22-year-old defender John Nicholson and 18-year-old inside forward Willie Carlin - the latter a promising youngster who had represented his country at schoolboy and youth levels; 19-year-old full back Alan Jones, a Welsh schoolboy international who had signed professional forms for Liverpool two years earlier; Wrexham-born forward Reginald Blore who had risen through the junior ranks at Anfield; 17-year-old midfielder Ian Callaghan from Toxteth, considered by Liverpool legend Billy Liddell to be his successor; and 20-year-old striker Roger Hunt, signed a year earlier by Phil Taylor when he was brought to his attention playing for Stockton Heath.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 41], "content_span": [42, 750]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077710-0003-0000", "contents": "1959\u201360 Liverpool F.C. season, Season Summary\nThe early stages of the campaign saw Liverpool struggle for consistency, putting manager Phil Taylor under increasing pressure after his previous three seasons in charge had all resulted in narrow failures to achieve promotion. The situation further deteriorated when Liverpool failed to win a single match in October, and while a victory over Aston Villa at the start of November gave hope that the club might have turned the corner, it was followed by a humiliating 4-2 loss to strugglers Lincoln City.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 45], "content_span": [46, 550]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077710-0003-0001", "contents": "1959\u201360 Liverpool F.C. season, Season Summary\nThis proved the end of the road for Taylor, who resigned three days later with the team stuck in 11th place. First team trainer Bob Paisley stepped in as caretaker manager for the next two matches, which saw a 4-3 win over Leyton Orient, and then a 1-0 loss to Huddersfield Town. As it turned out, it would be the Yorkshire side who would provide Liverpool with their next manager, as Bill Shankly accepted the offer to take over at Anfield shortly after the match.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 45], "content_span": [46, 511]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077710-0004-0000", "contents": "1959\u201360 Liverpool F.C. season, Season Summary\nLiverpool's form picked up under Shankly, leaving a promotion challenge suddenly looking feasible after all. In the end, their mediocre early-season form and then another poor spell of form around Easter would leave promotion out of their hands, though a third-place finish still represented an improvement of one place on the previous season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 45], "content_span": [46, 389]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077711-0000-0000", "contents": "1959\u201360 Luxembourg National Division\nThe 1959\u201360 Luxembourg National Division was the 46th season of top level association football in Luxembourg.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [36, 36], "content_span": [37, 146]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077711-0001-0000", "contents": "1959\u201360 Luxembourg National Division, Overview\nIt was performed in 12 teams, and Jeunesse Esch won the championship.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 46], "content_span": [47, 116]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077712-0000-0000", "contents": "1959\u201360 MJHL season\nThe Transcona Rangers change their name to the Winnipeg Rangers.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [19, 19], "content_span": [20, 84]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077713-0000-0000", "contents": "1959\u201360 Maltese Premier League\nThe 1959\u201360 Maltese First Division was the 45th season of top-tier football in Malta. It was contested by 8 teams, and Valletta F.C. won the championship.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [30, 30], "content_span": [31, 185]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077714-0000-0000", "contents": "1959\u201360 Manchester United F.C. season\nThe 1959\u201360 season was Manchester United's 58th season in the Football League, and their 15th consecutive season in the top division of English football. They finished seventh in the league, and striker Dennis Viollet scored a record 32 league goals in a season for the club.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [37, 37], "content_span": [38, 313]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077715-0000-0000", "contents": "1959\u201360 Mansfield Town F.C. season\nThe 1959\u201360 season was Mansfield Town's 22nd season in the Football League and 2nd season in Third Division, they finished in 22nd position with 36 points and were relegated to the Fourth Division.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [34, 34], "content_span": [35, 232]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077716-0000-0000", "contents": "1959\u201360 Mexican Primera Divisi\u00f3n season\nStatistics of the Primera Divisi\u00f3n de M\u00e9xico for the 1959\u201360 season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [39, 39], "content_span": [40, 108]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077716-0001-0000", "contents": "1959\u201360 Mexican Primera Divisi\u00f3n season, Overview\nIt was contested by 14 teams, and Guadalajara won the championship and becomes second team to win consecutive championships.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 49], "content_span": [50, 174]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077717-0000-0000", "contents": "1959\u201360 Mexican Segunda Divisi\u00f3n season\nThe 1959\u201360 Mexican Segunda Divisi\u00f3n was the 10th season of the Mexican Segunda Divisi\u00f3n. The season started on 19 July 1959 and concluded on 20 March 1960. It was won by Monterrey, which became the first club to win two championships in this category.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [39, 39], "content_span": [40, 292]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077718-0000-0000", "contents": "1959\u201360 Michigan Wolverines men's basketball team\nThe 1959\u201360 Michigan Wolverines men's basketball team represented the University of Michigan in intercollegiate basketball during the 1959\u201360 season. The team finished the season in tenth place in the Big Ten Conference with an overall record of 4\u201320 and 1\u201310 against conference opponents.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 49], "section_span": [49, 49], "content_span": [50, 339]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077718-0001-0000", "contents": "1959\u201360 Michigan Wolverines men's basketball team\nWilliam Perigo was in his eighth and final year as the team's head coach. Junior John Tidwell was the team's leading scorer with 520 points in 24 games for an average of 21.6 points per game. Tidwell broke the Michigan record for single game scoring record on February 27, 1960, as he hit 17 of 25 field goals and seven of ten free throws for 41 points in a 72\u201365 win against Michigan State. Tidwell's 41 points also broke the Yost Fieldhouse record which had been set by Indiana's Don Schlundt with 29 points in 1953. Tidwell also broke the season scoring record with 520 points. At the end of the 1959\u201360 basketball season, Tidwell was selected as the team's most valuable player and elected captain of the 1960\u201361 team.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 49], "section_span": [49, 49], "content_span": [50, 772]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077718-0002-0000", "contents": "1959\u201360 Michigan Wolverines men's basketball team, Team players drafted into the NBA\nOne player from this team were selected in the NBA Draft.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 49], "section_span": [51, 84], "content_span": [85, 142]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077719-0000-0000", "contents": "1959\u201360 Minneapolis Lakers season\nThe 1959\u201360 Minneapolis Lakers season was the 12th season for the franchise in the NBA and final season in Minneapolis. The Lakers finished in third-place in the NBA Western Division with a record of 25\u201350, 21 games behind the St. Louis Hawks. In their final season in the Twin Cities, the Lakers made the playoffs and defeated the Detroit Pistons two games to none in the Western Division Semifinals, before losing the West Finals to the Hawks, four games to three. The Lakers roster had 5 1st overall picks, Elgin Baylor, Hot Rod Hundley, Chuck Share, Ray Felix, and Frank Selvy, the most among any NBA teams in a season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [33, 33], "content_span": [34, 657]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077719-0001-0000", "contents": "1959\u201360 Minneapolis Lakers season\nOn January 18, the team had a harrowing flight in a snowstorm, returning to Minneapolis from St. Louis. The team's DC-3 had electrical problems and made an emergency landing in a cornfield near Carroll, Iowa.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [33, 33], "content_span": [34, 242]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077719-0002-0000", "contents": "1959\u201360 Minneapolis Lakers season\nOn April 27, 1960, The NBA approved the relocation of the Lakers to Southern California and they became the Los Angeles Lakers for the 1960\u201361 season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [33, 33], "content_span": [34, 184]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077720-0000-0000", "contents": "1959\u201360 Montenegrin Republic League\nThe 1959\u201360 Montenegrin Republic League was 15th season of Montenegrin Republic League. Similar to previous season League was organised as tournament, during the April and May 1960.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [35, 35], "content_span": [36, 217]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077720-0001-0000", "contents": "1959\u201360 Montenegrin Republic League, Season, Qualifiers\nIn the qualifiers, 16 teams were placed into three regional groups. Winners of the groups (Zmaj, FK Jedinstvo and Lov\u0107en) qualified for Montenegrin Republic League. Below are the final tables of each qualifying group.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 55], "content_span": [56, 273]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077720-0002-0000", "contents": "1959\u201360 Montenegrin Republic League, Season, Championship\nAt the finals, every team played four games and the winner went to qualifiers for Yugoslav Second League. Title holder was Lov\u0107en, who finished season with three wins and one draw.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 57], "content_span": [58, 238]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077720-0003-0000", "contents": "1959\u201360 Montenegrin Republic League, Season, Qualifiers for Yugoslav Second League\nIn the qualifiers for 1960\u201361 Second League - East, Lov\u0107en played in the finals but didn't succeed to gain promotion.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 82], "content_span": [83, 200]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077720-0004-0000", "contents": "1959\u201360 Montenegrin Republic League, Higher leagues\nOn season 1959\u201360, two Montenegrin teams played in higher leagues of SFR Yugoslavia. Budu\u0107nost was a member of 1959\u201360 Yugoslav First League and Sutjeska played in 1959\u201360 Yugoslav Second League.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 51], "content_span": [52, 247]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077721-0000-0000", "contents": "1959\u201360 Montreal Canadiens season\nThe 1959\u201360 Montreal Canadiens season was the club's 51st season of play. The team had another outstanding season, placing first in the league and winning the Stanley Cup for the fifth consecutive season, and the 12th time in team history.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [33, 33], "content_span": [34, 273]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077721-0001-0000", "contents": "1959\u201360 Montreal Canadiens season, Regular season\nOn November 1, 1959, at 3:06 of the first period, Jacques Plante was hit in the face by a shot fired by Andy Bathgate. Plante came back in the game wearing a mask (the second goaltender in NHL history to wear a mask after Clint Benedict) starting a trend where all NHL goaltenders today wear a mask.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 49], "content_span": [50, 349]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077721-0002-0000", "contents": "1959\u201360 Montreal Canadiens season, Regular season, Jacques Plante\nThe use of the goalie mask was Plante's most enduring contribution to the game, however, occurred as a result of an incident on November 1, 1959. He was hit in the face by a shot from New York Rangers player Andy Bathgate, needing to go to the dressing room for stitches. When he returned, he was wearing the crude home-made goalie mask that he'd been using in practices. His coach, Toe Blake, was livid, but he had no other goalie to call upon, and Plante refused to return to the goal unless he kept the mask.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 65], "content_span": [66, 577]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077721-0002-0001", "contents": "1959\u201360 Montreal Canadiens season, Regular season, Jacques Plante\nBlake agreed on the condition that Plante discard the mask when the cut healed. Only Camille Henry beat him in that game, which the Canadiens won 3\u20131. In the ensuing days Plante refused to discard the mask, and as the Canadiens continued to win, Blake became less obstinate. The unbeaten streak stretched to 18 games. Plante didn't wear the mask, at Blake's request, against Detroit on March 8, 1960. The Canadiens lost 3\u20130, and the mask returned for good the next night. Plante subsequently designed his own mask and masks for other goalies. Although Plante was not the first NHL goalie known to wear a facemask (Montreal Maroons goaltender Clint Benedict had done so thirty years before), Plante introduced the mask as everyday equipment, which continues to this day.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 65], "content_span": [66, 835]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077721-0003-0000", "contents": "1959\u201360 Montreal Canadiens season, Playoffs\nThe Canadiens placed first in the standings and met the Chicago Black Hawks in the first round of the playoffs. The Canadiens would sweep the Hawks 4\u20130 to move on to the finals against Toronto.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 43], "content_span": [44, 237]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077721-0004-0000", "contents": "1959\u201360 Montreal Canadiens season, Playoffs, Stanley Cup finals\nMontreal swept the Maple Leafs, outscoring them 15\u20135, en route to being the first team since the 1952 Detroit Red Wings to go without a loss in the playoffs.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 63], "content_span": [64, 221]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077721-0005-0000", "contents": "1959\u201360 Montreal Canadiens season, Playoffs, Stanley Cup finals\nAfter the series Rocket Richard retired. He went out with style, finishing with his 34th finals goal in game three.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 63], "content_span": [64, 179]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077722-0000-0000", "contents": "1959\u201360 Moroccan Throne Cup\nThe 1959\u201360 season of the Moroccan Throne Cup was the fourth edition of the competition.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [27, 27], "content_span": [28, 116]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077722-0001-0000", "contents": "1959\u201360 Moroccan Throne Cup\nThe teams played one-legged matches. In case of a draw, the matches were replayed at the opponents' stadium.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [27, 27], "content_span": [28, 136]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077722-0002-0000", "contents": "1959\u201360 Moroccan Throne Cup\nMouloudia Club d'Oujda beat Fath Union Sport 1\u20130 in the final, played at the Stade d'honneur in Casablanca. Mouloudia Club d'Oujda won the cup for the third time in their history.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [27, 27], "content_span": [28, 207]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077722-0003-0000", "contents": "1959\u201360 Moroccan Throne Cup, Tournament\nThe final took place between the winners of the two semi-finals, Mouloudia Club d'Oujda and Fath Union Sport, on 24 April 1960 at the Stade d'honneur in Casablanca. The match was refereed by Salih Mohamed Boukkili. It was the fourth consecutive final for MC Oujda in the competition. MC Oujda won the competition for the third time in their history, thanks to a penalty by Madani (\u00a013'\u00a0(pen)).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 39], "content_span": [40, 433]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077723-0000-0000", "contents": "1959\u201360 NBA season\nThe 1959\u201360 NBA season was the 14th season of the National Basketball Association. The season ended with the Boston Celtics winning their 2nd straight NBA title, beating the St. Louis Hawks 4 games to 3 in the NBA Finals.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 18], "section_span": [18, 18], "content_span": [19, 240]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077723-0001-0000", "contents": "1959\u201360 NBA season, Playoffs\n* Division winnerBold Series winnerItalic Team with home-court advantage in NBA Finals", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 18], "section_span": [20, 28], "content_span": [29, 115]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077723-0002-0000", "contents": "1959\u201360 NBA season, Statistics leaders\nNote: Prior to the 1969\u201370 season, league leaders in points, rebounds, and assists were determined by totals rather than averages.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 18], "section_span": [20, 38], "content_span": [39, 169]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077724-0000-0000", "contents": "1959\u201360 NCAA University Division men's basketball rankings\nThe 1959\u201360 NCAA men's basketball rankings was made up of two human polls, the AP Poll and the Coaches Poll.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 58], "section_span": [58, 58], "content_span": [59, 167]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077725-0000-0000", "contents": "1959\u201360 NCAA University Division men's basketball season\nThe 1959\u201360 NCAA University Division men's basketball season began in December 1959, progressed through the regular season and conference tournaments, and concluded with the 1960 NCAA University Division Basketball Tournament Championship Game on March 19, 1960, at the Cow Palace in Daly City, California. The Ohio State Buckeyes won their first NCAA national championship with a 75\u201355 victory over the California Golden Bears.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 56], "section_span": [56, 56], "content_span": [57, 485]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077725-0001-0000", "contents": "1959\u201360 NCAA University Division men's basketball season, Season outlook, Pre-season polls\nThe Top 20 from the AP Poll and the UPI Coaches Poll during the pre-season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 56], "section_span": [58, 90], "content_span": [91, 166]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077725-0002-0000", "contents": "1959\u201360 NCAA University Division men's basketball season, Coaching changes\nA number of teams changed coaches during the season and after it ended.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 56], "section_span": [58, 74], "content_span": [75, 146]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077726-0000-0000", "contents": "1959\u201360 NCAA men's ice hockey season\nThe 1959\u201360 NCAA men's ice hockey season began in November 1959 and concluded with the 1960 NCAA Men's Ice Hockey Tournament's championship game on March 19, 1960 at the Boston Arena in Boston, Massachusetts. This was the 13th season in which an NCAA ice hockey championship was held and is the 65th year overall where an NCAA school fielded a team.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [36, 36], "content_span": [37, 386]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077726-0001-0000", "contents": "1959\u201360 NCAA men's ice hockey season\nThis was the first season of play for the WCHA. All seven universities were the same from the previous MCHL/WIHL conference that dissolved after the 1957\u201358 season. Michigan, Michigan State and Minnesota would continue with both the Big Ten and the WCHA concurrently until 1981 when Michigan and Michigan State left the WCHA and no longer played sufficient games against the other Big Ten schools to warrant the continuation of the Big Ten ice hockey conference.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [36, 36], "content_span": [37, 499]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077726-0002-0000", "contents": "1959\u201360 NCAA men's ice hockey season\nThe creation of the WCHA also brought the first formalized conference tournament in NCAA hockey history with the winner(s) receiving the first automatic bids into the postseason championship.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [36, 36], "content_span": [37, 228]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077726-0003-0000", "contents": "1959\u201360 NCAA men's ice hockey season, Player stats, Scoring leaders\nThe following players led the league in points at the conclusion of the season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 67], "content_span": [68, 147]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077726-0004-0000", "contents": "1959\u201360 NCAA men's ice hockey season, Player stats, Scoring leaders\nGP = Games played; G = Goals; A = Assists; Pts = Points; PIM = Penalty minutes", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 67], "content_span": [68, 146]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077726-0005-0000", "contents": "1959\u201360 NCAA men's ice hockey season, Player stats, Leading goaltenders\nThe following goaltenders led the league in goals against average at the end of the regular season while playing at least 33% of their team's total minutes.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 71], "content_span": [72, 228]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077726-0006-0000", "contents": "1959\u201360 NCAA men's ice hockey season, Player stats, Leading goaltenders\nGP = Games played; Min = Minutes played; W = Wins; L = Losses; OT = Overtime/shootout losses; GA = Goals against; SO = Shutouts; SV% = Save percentage; GAA = Goals against average", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 71], "content_span": [72, 251]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077727-0000-0000", "contents": "1959\u201360 NHL season\nThe 1959\u201360 NHL season was the 43rd season of the National Hockey League. The Montreal Canadiens were the Stanley Cup winners as they defeated the Toronto Maple Leafs four games to none for their fifth straight Stanley Cup.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 18], "section_span": [18, 18], "content_span": [19, 242]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077727-0001-0000", "contents": "1959\u201360 NHL season, Regular season\nThis regular season, like the two preceding it and the two following it, belonged to the Montreal Canadiens, who were in the midst of five straight first overall finishes and at the tail end of five straight Stanley Cup victories. The Detroit Red Wings, who were dead last and missed the playoffs the previous season, squeaked into the playoffs by riding a Hart Memorial Trophy performance by their ageless star right-winger, Gordie Howe.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 18], "section_span": [20, 34], "content_span": [35, 473]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077727-0002-0000", "contents": "1959\u201360 NHL season, Regular season\nThe season was marked by important changes in the NHL, as Canadiens goaltender Jacques Plante, like Clint Benedict before him, began to wear a mask in hockey games. Plante, who had asthma-related problems throughout his career, first began wearing a mask in practice shortly after a sinus operation in 1957. On November 1, 1959, Plante's nose was broken by a shot from New York Rangers right-winger Andy Bathgate. After being stitched up, Plante insisted on wearing a mask for the remainder of the game.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 18], "section_span": [20, 34], "content_span": [35, 538]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077727-0002-0001", "contents": "1959\u201360 NHL season, Regular season\nMontreal coach Toe Blake was bitterly opposed to the idea, but did not have a backup goaltender and relented after Plante said he would not return to the ice without a mask. Although many in the NHL disapproved of Plante's decision due to NHL tradition at the time, many followed suit after Plante went undefeated in ten games with the mask on.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 18], "section_span": [20, 34], "content_span": [35, 379]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077727-0003-0000", "contents": "1959\u201360 NHL season, Regular season\nPhil Watson suffered an ulcer and was quietly dismissed as Ranger coach and replaced by Alf Pike. Gump Worsley was demoted to the Springfield Indians of the AHL and Worsley screamed he was finished with hockey, but reported to Springfield anyway. Indians owner Eddie Shore, known for his criticism of his players, gave Worsley a surprise vote of confidence. Gump played well for the Indians.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 18], "section_span": [20, 34], "content_span": [35, 426]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077727-0004-0000", "contents": "1959\u201360 NHL season, Regular season\nThere was trouble brewing for Rangers right-winger Andy Bathgate, who had ripped open Plante's nose on the night of the goalie mask's official NHL debut. In a January 1960 True Magazine article ghosted by Dave Anderson, the defending league MVP listed the names of players whom he considered guilty of the dangerous act of spearing. This was brought to the attention of NHL President Clarence Campbell, who fined Bathgate $500 and Ranger general manager Muzz Patrick $100 on the grounds the article was prejudicial to and against the welfare of the league.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 18], "section_span": [20, 34], "content_span": [35, 591]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077727-0005-0000", "contents": "1959\u201360 NHL season, Regular season\nAfter being demoted to Springfield, Gump Worsley was brought back up as Marcel Paille was even worse in goal for New York. Gump and the Rangers beat the Canadiens 8\u20133 in his first game back on January 3, but on January 21, Montreal bombed Worsley 11-2. Later against the Chicago Black Hawks, Worsley suffered an injury that finished him for the season; Hawks' winger Bobby Hull skated over his catching glove and severed two tendons in his fingers. Al Rollins was called up to replace him. Later, Olympic hero Jack McCartan played a few games for the Rangers, acquitting himself very well.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 18], "section_span": [20, 34], "content_span": [35, 624]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077727-0006-0000", "contents": "1959\u201360 NHL season, Regular season\nThe Boston Bruins narrowly missed the playoffs despite a flurry of offense, sparked by the \"Uke Line\" of Johnny Bucyk, Vic Stasiuk, and Bronco Horvath. Horvath finished a close second to Chicago's Bobby Hull in the scoring race and was named to the Second All-Star Team. Slick centre Don McKenney led the NHL in assists while winning the Lady Byng Trophy and versatile Doug Mohns also contributed. 1959\u201360 saw two veteran Bruins, centre Fleming MacKell and goaltender Harry Lumley, play their last campaigns before retirement.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 18], "section_span": [20, 34], "content_span": [35, 561]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077727-0007-0000", "contents": "1959\u201360 NHL season, Regular season\nThis season marked the first season of the Original Six era during which every active player had played for Original Six teams only. Ken Mosdell, the last player to play for another team, retired the previous season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 18], "section_span": [20, 34], "content_span": [35, 251]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077727-0008-0000", "contents": "1959\u201360 NHL season, Stanley Cup playoffs\nMontreal played the minimum number of games to win the Stanley Cup and in the process, became the last Cup winners in NHL history to go undefeated in the playoffs to date. After winning the Stanley Cup, Maurice Richard retired from the NHL as a champion.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 18], "section_span": [20, 40], "content_span": [41, 295]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077727-0009-0000", "contents": "1959\u201360 NHL season, Awards\nGordie Howe won the Hart Trophy to become the first five-time winner of the Hart. In voting, he received 118 votes of a possible 180, twice as many as runner-up Bobby Hull. Howe was the last winner of the original Hart Trophy. The trophy was retired to the Hockey Hall of Fame and the NHL began presenting a new trophy, which was dubbed the Hart Memorial Trophy in its place. Hull won the Art Ross Trophy for the scoring championship, his first.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 18], "section_span": [20, 26], "content_span": [27, 472]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077727-0009-0001", "contents": "1959\u201360 NHL season, Awards\nDoug Harvey won the Norris Trophy for the fifth time, and the fifth time in the seven times it had been awarded. The Canadiens had the lowest goals against average, for the fifth consecutive time, and Jacques Plante was awarded his fifth Vezina Trophy. The Black Hawks' Glenn Hall was named to the First All-Star team as goaltender.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 18], "section_span": [20, 26], "content_span": [27, 359]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077727-0010-0000", "contents": "1959\u201360 NHL season, Player statistics, Scoring leaders\nNote: GP = Games played; G = Goals; A = Assists; Pts = Points", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 18], "section_span": [20, 54], "content_span": [55, 116]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077727-0011-0000", "contents": "1959\u201360 NHL season, Player statistics, Leading goaltenders\nNote: GP = Games played; MIN = Minutes played; GA = Goals against; SO = Shut outs; AVG = Goals against average", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 18], "section_span": [20, 58], "content_span": [59, 169]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077727-0012-0000", "contents": "1959\u201360 NHL season, Debuts\nThe following is a list of players of note who played their first NHL game in 1959\u201360 (listed with their first team, asterisk(*) marks debut in playoffs):", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 18], "section_span": [20, 26], "content_span": [27, 181]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077727-0013-0000", "contents": "1959\u201360 NHL season, Last games\nThe following is a list of players of note that played their last game in the NHL in 1959\u201360 (listed with their last team):", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 18], "section_span": [20, 30], "content_span": [31, 154]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077728-0000-0000", "contents": "1959\u201360 NYU Violets men's basketball team\nThe 1959\u201360 NYU Violets men's basketball team represented New York University in intercollegiate basketball during the 1959\u201360 season. The team finished the season with a 22\u20135 overall record while winning the Metropolitan New York Conference with a perfect 4\u20130 record in league play. The Violets earned their second NCAA Division I Basketball Tournament Final Four appearance (their first was in 1944\u201345). They were led by second-year head coach Lou Rossini.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 41], "section_span": [41, 41], "content_span": [42, 500]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077729-0000-0000", "contents": "1959\u201360 National Football League (Ireland)\nThe 1959\u201360 National Football League was the 29th staging of the National Football League (NFL), an annual Gaelic football tournament for the Gaelic Athletic Association county teams of Ireland.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 42], "section_span": [42, 42], "content_span": [43, 237]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077729-0001-0000", "contents": "1959\u201360 National Football League (Ireland)\nThe first all-Ulster final attracted a record crowd for a League final and was won by Down.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 42], "section_span": [42, 42], "content_span": [43, 134]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077730-0000-0000", "contents": "1959\u201360 National Hurling League\nThe 1959\u201360 National Hurling League was the 29th season of the National Hurling League.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [31, 31], "content_span": [32, 119]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077730-0001-0000", "contents": "1959\u201360 National Hurling League, Division 1\nTipperary came into the season as defending champions of the 1958-59 season. Carlow entered Division 1 as the promoted team.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 43], "content_span": [44, 168]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077730-0002-0000", "contents": "1959\u201360 National Hurling League, Division 1\nOn 1 May 1960, Tipperary won the title after a 2-15 to 3-8 win over Cork in the final. It was their second league title in succession and their 9th league title overall.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 43], "content_span": [44, 213]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077730-0003-0000", "contents": "1959\u201360 National Hurling League, Division 1\nCork's Christy Ring was the league's top scorer with 12-09.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 43], "content_span": [44, 103]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077730-0004-0000", "contents": "1959\u201360 National Hurling League, Division 2\nLaois won the title following a 5-9 to 1-8 win over Roscommon in the final.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 43], "content_span": [44, 119]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077731-0000-0000", "contents": "1959\u201360 Nationalliga A, Overview\nIt was contested by 14 teams, and BSC Young Boys won the championship.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [24, 32], "content_span": [33, 103]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077732-0000-0000", "contents": "1959\u201360 Nationalliga A season\nThe 1959\u201360 Nationalliga A season was the 22nd season of the Nationalliga A, the top level of ice hockey in Switzerland. Eight teams participated in the league, and HC Davos won the championship.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [29, 29], "content_span": [30, 225]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077734-0000-0000", "contents": "1959\u201360 New York Knicks season\nThe 1959\u201360 NBA season was the Knicks' 14th season in the NBA.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [30, 30], "content_span": [31, 93]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077735-0000-0000", "contents": "1959\u201360 New York Rangers season\nThe 1959\u201360 New York Rangers season was the 34th season for the team in the National Hockey League (NHL). In the regular season, the Rangers had a 17\u201338\u201315 record, and finished with 49 points. Their last-place finish caused them to miss the NHL playoffs.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [31, 31], "content_span": [32, 286]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077735-0001-0000", "contents": "1959\u201360 New York Rangers season, Playoffs\nThe Rangers finished in last place in the NHL and failed to qualify for the 1960 Stanley Cup playoffs.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 41], "content_span": [42, 144]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077735-0002-0000", "contents": "1959\u201360 New York Rangers season, Player statistics\n\u2020Denotes player spent time with another team before joining Rangers. Stats reflect time with Rangers only. \u2021Traded mid-season. Stats reflect time with Rangers only.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 50], "content_span": [51, 215]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077736-0000-0000", "contents": "1959\u201360 Newport County A.F.C. season\nThe 1959\u201360 season was Newport County's second consecutive season in the Football League Third Division. It was their 31st season in the third tier and 32nd season overall in the Football League.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [36, 36], "content_span": [37, 232]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077737-0000-0000", "contents": "1959\u201360 Northern Football League\nThe 1959\u201360 Northern Football League season was the 62nd in the history of the Northern Football League, a football competition in Northern England.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [32, 32], "content_span": [33, 181]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077737-0001-0000", "contents": "1959\u201360 Northern Football League, Clubs\nThe league featured 15 clubs which competed in the last season, no new clubs joined the league this season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 39], "content_span": [40, 147]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077738-0000-0000", "contents": "1959\u201360 Northern Rugby Football League season\nThe 1959\u201360 Rugby Football League season was the 65th season of rugby league football played in England. The championship, which involved thirty teams, started in August 1959 and culminated in a finals play-off series in May 1960 which resulted in a championship final between Wigan and Wakefield Trinity.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 45], "section_span": [45, 45], "content_span": [46, 351]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077738-0001-0000", "contents": "1959\u201360 Northern Rugby Football League season, Season summary\nA number of clubs complained to the Rugby Football League over BBC televising rugby league matches live on TV, stating that it was affecting attendances.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 45], "section_span": [47, 61], "content_span": [62, 215]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077738-0002-0000", "contents": "1959\u201360 Northern Rugby Football League season, Season summary\nSt. Helens won the Lancashire League, and Wakefield Trinity won the Yorkshire League. Warrington beat St. Helens 5\u20134 to win the Lancashire County Cup, and Featherstone Rovers beat Hull F.C. 15\u201314 to win the Yorkshire County Cup.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 45], "section_span": [47, 61], "content_span": [62, 290]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077738-0003-0000", "contents": "1959\u201360 Northern Rugby Football League season, Championship, Play-offs, Final\nThe Championship Final was played between Joe Egan' Wigan outfit against Wakefield Trinity at 3 o'clock on a warm afternoon on Saturday, 21 May 1960 at Odsal Stadium, Bradford. A crowd of 83,190 turned out for the game which was refereed by Eric Clay (Leeds).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 45], "section_span": [47, 77], "content_span": [78, 337]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077738-0004-0000", "contents": "1959\u201360 Northern Rugby Football League season, Championship, Play-offs, Final\nTries (5): Billy Boston (2), Eric Ashton (2), Bill SayerGoals: Fred Griffiths (6)", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 45], "section_span": [47, 77], "content_span": [78, 159]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077738-0005-0000", "contents": "1959\u201360 Northern Rugby Football League season, Challenge Cup\nThe 1959\u201360 Challenge Cup tournament ended in a final between Wakefield Trinity and Hull F.C. The match was played at Wembley Stadium before a crowd of 79,773, with Wakefield Trinity winning 38 \u2013 5. Despite being on the losing team, Hull's hooker, Tommy Harris was awarded the Lance Todd Trophy for his man-of-the-match performance.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 45], "section_span": [47, 60], "content_span": [61, 393]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077738-0006-0000", "contents": "1959\u201360 Northern Rugby Football League season, Challenge Cup\nNeil Fox of Wakefield Trinity scored a Cup Final record 20 points (two tries and seven goals) in the final for Wakefield, a feat that would not be repeated for another 39 years 1999.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 45], "section_span": [47, 60], "content_span": [61, 243]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077738-0007-0000", "contents": "1959\u201360 Northern Rugby Football League season, Kangaroo Tour\nSeptember until December also saw the appearance of the Australian team in England on their 1959\u201360 Kangaroo Tour. Other than the three test Ashes series against Great Britain (won 2\u20131 by Australia), the Kangaroos played 21 matches against club and county representative sides.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 45], "section_span": [47, 60], "content_span": [61, 338]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077738-0008-0000", "contents": "1959\u201360 Northern Rugby Football League season, Kangaroo Tour\nThe Kangaroos were coached by \"The Little Master\" Clive Churchill and were captained by Welsh born Balmain Tigers fullback Keith Barnes.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 45], "section_span": [47, 60], "content_span": [61, 197]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077738-0009-0000", "contents": "1959\u201360 Northern Rugby Football League season, Kangaroo Tour\nAs of 2017, this remains the last time that Great Britain or England won The Ashes on home soil.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 45], "section_span": [47, 60], "content_span": [61, 157]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077739-0000-0000", "contents": "1959\u201360 Norwegian 1. Divisjon season\nThe 1959\u201360 Norwegian 1. Divisjon season was the 21st season of ice hockey in Norway. Eight teams participated in the league, and Valerenga Ishockey won the championship.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [36, 36], "content_span": [37, 207]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077740-0000-0000", "contents": "1959\u201360 Norwegian Main League\nThe 1959\u20131960 Hovedserien was the 16th completed season of top division football in Norway.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [29, 29], "content_span": [30, 121]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077740-0001-0000", "contents": "1959\u201360 Norwegian Main League, Overview\nIt was contested by 16 teams, and Fredrikstad won the championship, their eighth league title. This was the first season a bronze medal was awarded.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 39], "content_span": [40, 188]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077741-0000-0000", "contents": "1959\u201360 OB I bajnoksag season\nThe 1959\u201360 OB I bajnoks\u00e1g season was the 23rd season of the OB I bajnoks\u00e1g, the top level of ice hockey in Hungary. Five teams participated in the league, and Ujpesti Dozsa SC won the championship.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [29, 29], "content_span": [30, 228]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077742-0000-0000", "contents": "1959\u201360 Oberliga\nThe 1959\u201360 Oberliga  was the fifteenth season of the Oberliga, the first tier of the football league system in West Germany. The league operated in five regional divisions, Berlin, North, South, Southwest and West. The five league champions and the runners-up from the west, south, southwest and north then entered the 1960 German football championship which was won by Hamburger SV. It was Hamburg's fourth national championship and its first since 1928.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 16], "section_span": [16, 16], "content_span": [17, 473]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077742-0001-0000", "contents": "1959\u201360 Oberliga\nThe 1960 German championship saw an attendance record for the Oberliga era with 87,739 seeing Tasmania 1900 Berlin hosting 1. FC K\u00f6ln.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 16], "section_span": [16, 16], "content_span": [17, 151]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077742-0002-0000", "contents": "1959\u201360 Oberliga\nA similar-named league, the DDR-Oberliga, existed in East Germany, set at the first tier of the East German football league system. The 1960 DDR-Oberliga was won by ASK Vorw\u00e4rts Berlin.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 16], "section_span": [16, 16], "content_span": [17, 202]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077742-0003-0000", "contents": "1959\u201360 Oberliga, Oberliga Nord\nThe 1959\u201360 season saw two new clubs in the league, VfB L\u00fcbeck and Eintracht Osnabr\u00fcck, both promoted from the Amateurliga. The league's top scorer was Uwe Seeler of Hamburger SV with 36 goals, the highest total for any scorer in the five Oberligas in 1959\u201360.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 16], "section_span": [18, 31], "content_span": [32, 292]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077742-0004-0000", "contents": "1959\u201360 Oberliga, Oberliga Berlin\nThe  1959\u201360 season saw one new club in the league, SV Norden-Nordwest, promoted from the Amateurliga Berlin. The league's top scorer was Klaus Heuer of Berliner SV 1892 with 21 goals.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 16], "section_span": [18, 33], "content_span": [34, 218]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077742-0005-0000", "contents": "1959\u201360 Oberliga, Oberliga West\nThe 1959\u201360 season saw two new clubs in the league, Sportfreunde Hamborn and 1958\u201359 DFB-Pokal winner Schwarz-Wei\u00df Essen, both promoted from the 2. Oberliga West. The league's top scorer was J\u00fcrgen Sch\u00fctz of Borussia Dortmund with 31 goals, the highest total for any top scorer in the history of the Oberliga West.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 16], "section_span": [18, 31], "content_span": [32, 346]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077742-0006-0000", "contents": "1959\u201360 Oberliga, Oberliga S\u00fcdwest\nThe 1959\u201360 season saw two new clubs in the league, VfR Kaiserslautern and Ludwigshafener SC, both promoted from the 2. Oberliga S\u00fcdwest. The league's top scorer was Helmut Kapitulski of FK Pirmasens with 27 goals.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 16], "section_span": [18, 34], "content_span": [35, 249]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077742-0007-0000", "contents": "1959\u201360 Oberliga, Oberliga S\u00fcd\nThe  1959\u201360 season saw two new clubs in the league, Stuttgarter Kickers and FC Bayern Hof, both promoted from the 2. Oberliga S\u00fcd. The league's top scorer was Heinz Strehl of 1. FC N\u00fcrnberg with 30 goals.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 16], "section_span": [18, 30], "content_span": [31, 236]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077742-0008-0000", "contents": "1959\u201360 Oberliga, German championship\nThe 1960 German football championship was contested by the nine qualified Oberliga teams and won by Hamburger SV, defeating 1. FC K\u00f6ln in the final. The runners-up of the Oberliga West and S\u00fcd played a pre-qualifying match. The remaining eight clubs then played a home-and-away round in two groups of four. The two group winners then advanced to the final.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 16], "section_span": [18, 37], "content_span": [38, 394]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077743-0000-0000", "contents": "1959\u201360 Ohio State Buckeyes men's basketball team\nThe 1959\u201360 Ohio State Buckeyes men's basketball team is the only basketball team to win a national title in Ohio State history. They were coached by Hall of Fame coach Fred Taylor and had three future Hall of Famers on their roster\u2014center Jerry Lucas, forward John Havlicek, and reserve forward Bob Knight, who entered the Hall for his storied coaching career, most notably at Indiana.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 49], "section_span": [49, 49], "content_span": [50, 436]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077743-0001-0000", "contents": "1959\u201360 Ohio State Buckeyes men's basketball team, Season summary\nCoach Fred Taylor started two sophomores at the beginning of the season, Lucas and Mel Nowell, with returnees Joe Roberts, Larry Siegfried and Dick Furry. An injury to Furry got Havlicek inserted into that first game, and he started thereafter.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 49], "section_span": [51, 65], "content_span": [66, 310]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077743-0002-0000", "contents": "1959\u201360 Ohio State Buckeyes men's basketball team, Season summary\nIn this era, freshman could not play varsity college basketball. The recruiting class of Lucas, Nowell, Havlicek, Knight, and Gary Gearhart were not eligible to lead the Buckeyes until 1959\u201360. This was their first college season of play as the game is considered today.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 49], "section_span": [51, 65], "content_span": [66, 336]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077743-0003-0000", "contents": "1959\u201360 Ohio State Buckeyes men's basketball team, Season summary\nThe 1959\u201360 team posted the best shooting, highest-scoring team in college basketball that season at over 90 points per game. The key to the attack was the rebounding and outlet passing of Lucas. The other four athletes routinely overwhelmed opponents with fast break baskets. In 1960, this kind of offensive play was then the cutting edge of the game, and a big reason why all five starters were later drafted into the NBA. There were only eight NBA teams at this time, so this was not an easy feat.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 49], "section_span": [51, 65], "content_span": [66, 566]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077743-0004-0000", "contents": "1959\u201360 Ohio State Buckeyes men's basketball team, Season summary\nLucas shot a then-record 63% from the floor that season in an era when some college starters commonly shot 35% from the floor. More than just a great rebounder, he also had a great shooting eye from as far out as 25 feet (there was no three-point line then), and also had a hook shot that was nearly automatic. While the statistic was not well-kept then, Lucas probably led this team in assists, at 5\u20136 per game, he was an outstanding passer as well.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 49], "section_span": [51, 65], "content_span": [66, 516]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077743-0004-0001", "contents": "1959\u201360 Ohio State Buckeyes men's basketball team, Season summary\nHe came very close to leading the country in both individual scoring and rebounding as well as shooting. After the outstanding Lucas, the Bucks may have had the best backcourt in the country in Siegfried and Nowell. Siegfried was then rated very highly as an all-around guard at both ends of the court. With Havlicek looked to contribute to the great offensive team with his hustling defense, Siegfried became active this season in this area as well and was outstanding. Nowell had one-on-one playground skills that were well-developed and effective immediately that season. With three sophomores now starting, Ohio State did have two early-season losses to Utah and Kentucky, but then clicked through the rest of the schedule. A late-season loss to Indiana came after they had clinched the Big Ten.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 49], "section_span": [51, 65], "content_span": [66, 865]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077743-0005-0000", "contents": "1959\u201360 Ohio State Buckeyes men's basketball team, Season summary\nThe Buckeyes steamrolled through the NCAA tournament by an average of 19.5 points a game, dusting off California 75\u201355 in the final behind two future NBA stars, Jerry Lucas and John Havlicek, two excellent guards in Larry Siegfried and Mel Nowell and a defensive work ethic that limited opponents to .388 shooting over the course of the season. While the offensive star power of the team is very noteworthy, it is important to say that the team was also very well-coached. After Hall of Famer Taylor, Graf had coached at Harvard and was very strong on defense. Truitt later led as a college coach at several NCAA schools.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 49], "section_span": [51, 65], "content_span": [66, 687]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077743-0006-0000", "contents": "1959\u201360 Ohio State Buckeyes men's basketball team, NCAA Basketball Championship\nIn that game, the Buckeyes shooting was off the charts, but it was also defense that won them the championship. Lucas gave Darrall Imhoff room only when he was far away from the basket; in close, he was always between Imhoff and the ball. Still, very few in the noisy capacity audience at the Cow Palace -most of them, to be sure, California partisans- were ready to concede defeat to the Big Ten champions. Often enough in the past, California had come from behind to win on the wings of its mistake-inducing press.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 49], "section_span": [51, 79], "content_span": [80, 596]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077743-0006-0001", "contents": "1959\u201360 Ohio State Buckeyes men's basketball team, NCAA Basketball Championship\nPete Newell brought his team back into play in the second half, with a crushing defense and within five minutes, Cal scored 10 points to Ohio State's 5. Ironically, though, it was this fanatical defense that eventually proved to be Cal's undoing. Covering on the Ohio State man with the ball, the Bears were obliged to uncover a free man somewhere else. After a short period of fumbling, Ohio State began to find him. Two or three furiously quick breaks with more than five minutes to go destroyed California for good. When the flurry was over, Ohio State's shooting percentage was a remarkable 67.4 percent, and its victory margin was the largest in the 22-year history of the NCAA finals.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 49], "section_span": [51, 79], "content_span": [80, 770]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077744-0000-0000", "contents": "1959\u201360 Philadelphia Warriors season\nOverbrook High School phenom Wilt Chamberlain joined the Warriors. Chamberlain would have an immediate impact as he won the Rookie of the Year Award and the NBA Most Valuable Player. He led the league in scoring and rebounds. He averaged 37.6 points per game and 27.0 rebounds per game. The Warriors finished in 2nd place with a 49\u201326 record. In the playoffs, the Warriors played the Syracuse Nationals. The Warriors beat them 2 games to 1. In the Eastern Finals, Chamberlain was matched against Bill Russell. In the end, the Boston Celtics would emerge victorious in 6 games.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [36, 36], "content_span": [37, 613]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077745-0000-0000", "contents": "1959\u201360 Polska Liga Hokejowa season\nThe 1959\u201360 Polska Liga Hokejowa season was the 25th season of the Polska Liga Hokejowa, the top level of ice hockey in Poland. Eight teams participated in the league, and Gornik Katowice won the championship.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [35, 35], "content_span": [36, 245]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077746-0000-0000", "contents": "1959\u201360 Port Vale F.C. season\nThe 1958\u201359 season was Port Vale's 48th season of football in the English Football League, and their first season in the Third Division following their promotion from the Fourth Division. Progressing to the Fifth Round of the FA Cup, there they set a Vale Park and club-record attendance of 49,768, in a 2\u20131 defeat by Aston Villa on 20 February. In the first of a short-lived Supporters' Clubs' Trophy, they lost to rivals Stoke City 5\u20133 on aggregate; whilst in the league they finished a respectable fourteenth, thirteen points from both promotion and relegation.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [29, 29], "content_span": [30, 594]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077746-0001-0000", "contents": "1959\u201360 Port Vale F.C. season, Overview, Third Division\nThe pre-season saw the arrival of Morgan Hunt from Norwich City for a four-figure fee, and outside-left Cliff Portwood from Preston North End for \u00a3750.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 55], "content_span": [56, 207]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077746-0002-0000", "contents": "1959\u201360 Port Vale F.C. season, Overview, Third Division\nThe season began with a 3\u20132 win over Reading at Elm Park, Norman Low having selected a first eleven without any of the new signings. However, after a 1\u20130 win over Bournemouth & Boscombe Athletic Vale began to struggle, picking up just a point in their next six games. Low tried to sign Stanley Matthews, still going strong aged 44 for Blackpool, but a deal could not be reached. On 5 September, Tranmere Rovers beat Vale 6\u20130 at Prenton Park after Roy Sproson left the field in the first half with a gashed leg.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 55], "content_span": [56, 566]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077746-0002-0001", "contents": "1959\u201360 Port Vale F.C. season, Overview, Third Division\nLow then traded John Cunliffe and \u00a32,000 to Stoke City in exchange for winger Harry Oscroft and centre-half Peter Ford. An improvement took place, and despite trouble in front of goal, the team won seven successive games at Burslem. In October, Jack Wilkinson was sold to Exeter City for \u00a32,500, having lost his place in the starting eleven. On 28 December, Vale recorded a 7\u20130 win over Halifax Town, causing The Sentinel's \"T.G.F.\" to remark that \"rarely have the opposition been so completely outplayed\".", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 55], "content_span": [56, 562]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077746-0003-0000", "contents": "1959\u201360 Port Vale F.C. season, Overview, Third Division\nIn March, Graham Barnett was sold to Tranmere Rovers for \u00a35,000, having lost his form. The \"Valiants\" continued to perform well at home, but lose on their travels. The departure of top-scorer Barnett meant the club 'urgently needed a top-class inside-forward'. This was proven with a run of just four goals in seven matches, culminating in only two points and dashed hopes of promotion. In danger of relegation, the players rallied to win seven points from the final five games. The penultimate match was a 6\u20133 loss to Mansfield Town at Field Mill, whilst Vale then won against Swindon Town 6\u20131 in a game that was alleged to have been fixed by Jimmy Gauld.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 55], "content_span": [56, 712]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077746-0004-0000", "contents": "1959\u201360 Port Vale F.C. season, Overview, Third Division\nThey finished in fourteenth spot with 46 points, a good finish for a club just promoted. Stan Steele had put in his third successive ever-present season, whilst Barnett was the top-scorer despite leaving in March. The club toured Czechoslavakia at the end of the season, due to Stoke-on-Trent's close relationship with the town of Lidice that developed from local MP Barnett Stross's Lidice Shall Live campaign. The team defeated Cottwaldov, P\u0159erov, Karlovy Vary; drew with FK Teplice; and were beaten by Jihlava.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 55], "content_span": [56, 569]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077746-0005-0000", "contents": "1959\u201360 Port Vale F.C. season, Overview, Finances\nOn the financial side, a \u00a31,454 loss was announced despite a \u00a310,352 donation from the Sportsmen's Association. Gate receipts had risen by \u00a31,680 due to the Aston Villa game, however average home attendance was down by around 2,000. Wages also increased by a more considerable \u00a37,064, though there was a transfer credit of \u00a33,500. There were 22 players retained, Roy Pritchard and Morgan Hunt were not amongst them, leaving for Wellington Town and Boston United respectively.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 49], "content_span": [50, 525]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077746-0006-0000", "contents": "1959\u201360 Port Vale F.C. season, Overview, Finances\nIn May, the club took a five-match tour of Czechoslovakia. They experienced a culture shock, playing with a smaller, 'half-inflated' ball, and finding referees much more strict. However the tour was a success and much enjoyed by the players and their hosts.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 49], "content_span": [50, 307]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077746-0007-0000", "contents": "1959\u201360 Port Vale F.C. season, Overview, Cup competitions\nIn the FA Cup, Vale eased past Dorchester Town of the Western League 2\u20131 after Graham Barnett injured Dorchester's keeper. In the next round Vale beat Queens Park Rangers 2\u20131 in a replay, after a fifty-yard strike from David Raine helped them to a 3\u20133 draw in the original match. In the Third Round, they met Second Division high-flyers Cardiff City at Ninian Park, and were not concerned as Graham Barnett responded to Low's warning that the Wales captain faced them by saying \"So fucking what? My mother could play for Wales\". They beat Cardiff 2\u20130 with a solid performance.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 57], "content_span": [58, 634]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077746-0007-0001", "contents": "1959\u201360 Port Vale F.C. season, Overview, Cup competitions\nDrawn against Scunthorpe United at Glanford Park, 'the defence took the honours' in a 1\u20130 win. The Fifth Round draw saw Vale face a home tie with Aston Villa, another second tier club. A still-standing club-record attendance of 49,768 turned up for the game on 20 February, resulting in \u00a38,500 worth of gate receipts for the Vale. Brian Jackson gave Vale a 36th-minute lead, but the \"Villans\" came back to win the match with six minutes to spare.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 57], "content_span": [58, 504]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077746-0008-0000", "contents": "1959\u201360 Port Vale F.C. season, Overview, Cup competitions\nIn the Supporters' Clubs' Trophy, Vale lost to Stoke 5\u20133 on aggregate.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 57], "content_span": [58, 128]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077747-0000-0000", "contents": "1959\u201360 Primeira Divis\u00e3o\nThe 1959\u201360 Primeira Divis\u00e3o was the 26th season of top-tier football in Portugal.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [24, 24], "content_span": [25, 107]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077747-0001-0000", "contents": "1959\u201360 Primeira Divis\u00e3o, Overview\nIt was contested by 14 teams, and S.L. Benfica won the championship.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 34], "content_span": [35, 103]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077748-0000-0000", "contents": "1959\u201360 Princeton Tigers men's basketball team\nThe 1959\u201360 Princeton Tigers men's basketball team represented Princeton University in intercollegiate college basketball during the 1959\u201360 NCAA University Division men's basketball season. The head coach was Franklin Cappon and the team captain was Jim Brangan. The team played its home games in the Dillon Gymnasium in Princeton, New Jersey. The team was the champion of the Ivy League, earning an invitation to the 25-team 1960 NCAA Men's Division I Basketball Tournament. During the following the season, Jake McCandless would take over as head coach.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 46], "section_span": [46, 46], "content_span": [47, 603]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077748-0001-0000", "contents": "1959\u201360 Princeton Tigers men's basketball team\nThe team posted a 15\u20139 overall record and an 11\u20133 conference record. The team lost its NCAA Men's Division I Basketball Tournament East region first round contest against the Duke Blue Devils by an 84\u201360 margin at Madison Square Garden on March 8, 1960.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 46], "section_span": [46, 46], "content_span": [47, 300]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077748-0002-0000", "contents": "1959\u201360 Princeton Tigers men's basketball team\nPeter C. Campbell, who won the conference in scoring title with a 23.0 points per game average in conference games, and Jim Brangan were both first team All-Ivy League selections, and Brangan was drafted by the Philadelphia Warriors in the 9th Round of the 1960 NBA Draft with the 47th overall selection.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 46], "section_span": [46, 46], "content_span": [47, 351]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077748-0003-0000", "contents": "1959\u201360 Princeton Tigers men's basketball team\nDuring the season, Campbell set several of his records, including single-season points (501) and single-season points per game (20.9). Both records surpassed Harold Haabestad, Jr.'s 1954\u201355 performances (500 and 20.0), and both were surpassed by Bill Bradley during the 1963\u201364 season (682 and 27.3). While establishing these records he also established the single-season field goals made record of 183, which Bradley would eclipse with 212. Donald Swan led the conference in field goal percentage with a 54.1%.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 46], "section_span": [46, 46], "content_span": [47, 558]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077749-0000-0000", "contents": "1959\u201360 Rangers F.C. season\nThe 1959\u201360 season is the 80th season of competitive football by Rangers.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [27, 27], "content_span": [28, 101]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077749-0001-0000", "contents": "1959\u201360 Rangers F.C. season, Overview\nRangers played a total of 56 competitive matches during the 1959\u201360 season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 37], "content_span": [38, 113]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077750-0000-0000", "contents": "1959\u201360 Ranji Trophy\nThe 1959\u201360 Ranji Trophy was the 26th season of the Ranji Trophy. Bombay won the title defeating Mysore in the final.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [20, 20], "content_span": [21, 138]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077751-0000-0000", "contents": "1959\u201360 Real Madrid CF season\nThe 1959\u201360 season was Real Madrid Club de F\u00fatbol's 57th season in existence and the club's 29th consecutive season in the top flight of Spanish football.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [29, 29], "content_span": [30, 184]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077751-0001-0000", "contents": "1959\u201360 Real Madrid CF season, Summary\nDuring the summer French playmaker Raymond Kopa returned to Just Fontaine's Stade de Reims after three successful campaigns at Chamart\u00edn. Chairman Santiago Bernab\u00e9u, impressed by Brazil's style of play at the 1958 FIFA World Cup, made an offer to buy Pel\u00e9 from Santos FC however, it was rejected by the player. Then, the club hired a new manager, former Brazilian tournament winner Manuel Fleitas Solich from Flamengo and transferred in Brazilian World Cup winner playmaker Did\u00ed (who only played 19 matches and abandoned the team in January). Also, from Am\u00e9rica-RJ, came Brazilian midfielder Can\u00e1rio and in April arrived from Real Betis youngstar Luis del Sol, who played a superb season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 38], "content_span": [39, 727]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077751-0002-0000", "contents": "1959\u201360 Real Madrid CF season, Summary\nIn the Spanish league the team reached the second spot, behind champions FC Barcelona: both squads tied in points (46), although Real Madrid had a record 92 goals scored in 30 rounds, finishing runners-up due to goal average. After the squad lost the league title mathematically in round 29, Fleitas was fired. Then, former club player Miguel Mu\u00f1oz took the head coach job in time for the semi-final and final of the European Cup.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 38], "content_span": [39, 469]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077751-0003-0000", "contents": "1959\u201360 Real Madrid CF season, Summary\nIn the Copa del General\u00edsimo the team defeated Barakaldo (4\u20131), Cultural Leonesa (9\u20130) and Sporting Gij\u00f3n (13\u20131), reaching the semi-finals against Athletic Bilbao: at Bilbao, the basque team won 3\u20130, nevertheless Real Madrid won the second leg by 8\u20131. In the final, at Chamart\u00edn, the team lost the match in front of 100,000 spectators against Atl\u00e9tico Madrid by 3\u20131.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 38], "content_span": [39, 405]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077751-0004-0000", "contents": "1959\u201360 Real Madrid CF season, Summary\nIn the European Cup, the team won its fifth consecutive title. In the round of sixteen, they won the series against Jeunesse Esch from Luxembourg (12\u20132, including four goals for Puskas, three for Enrique Mateos) and in the quarterfinals defeated French champions Nice 7\u20132, the second leg in front of 100,000 spectators.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 38], "content_span": [39, 358]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077751-0004-0001", "contents": "1959\u201360 Real Madrid CF season, Summary\nIn the semi-finals against CF Barcelona, without star player L\u00e1szl\u00f3 Kubala, out due to a technical decision by Helenio Herrera, the team won both legs of the series with a 3\u20131 score (Alfredo Di St\u00e9fano and Puskas were crucial to achieve victory), reaching the Final for the 5th time in a row. In the title match the squad (this time with Puskas as starter) defeated West Germany champions Eintracht Frankfurt by a 7\u20133 score in front of 120,000 spectators at Hampden Park, Glasgow.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 38], "content_span": [39, 519]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077751-0005-0000", "contents": "1959\u201360 Real Madrid CF season, Squad\nNote: Flags indicate national team as defined under FIFA eligibility rules. Players may hold more than one non-FIFA nationality.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 36], "content_span": [37, 165]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077752-0000-0000", "contents": "1959\u201360 Rheinlandliga\nThe 1959\u201360 Rheinlandliga was the eighth season of the highest amateur class of the Rhineland Football Association under the name of 1. Amateurliga Rheinland. It was a predecessor of today's Rheinlandliga. It was the fourth season in which the league played with two game divisions, East and West. The Rhineland champion was determined through a game between the division champions.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [21, 21], "content_span": [22, 404]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077752-0001-0000", "contents": "1959\u201360 Rheinlandliga\nThe 1. Amateurliga was below II. Division Southwest until 1963 and therefore the third-class in the hierarchy. In the seasons 1956\u201357 to 1962\u201363 the league was played in two divisions (East and West). The two division champions played to determine the Rhineland champion. With the introduction of the regional league Southwest as second highest class, starting in the 1963\u201364 season, the Amateur league Rheinland was again combined into one division.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [21, 21], "content_span": [22, 472]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077752-0001-0001", "contents": "1959\u201360 Rheinlandliga\nBeginning in the 1974\u201375 season, the league played a role as a sub-team to the newly introduced 2. Bundesliga, where the Rhineland champion played in a relegation against the champion of the Verbandsliga S\u00fcdwest and the Saarlandliga, for a position in the south divisions of the 2. Bundesliga. Starting from the 1978\u201379 season, the Oberliga Rheinland-Pfalz/Saar was introduced as the highest amateur class and this class was renamed to the \"Verbandsliga Rheinland\" and since then only fourth class.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [21, 21], "content_span": [22, 520]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077752-0002-0000", "contents": "1959\u201360 Rheinlandliga, Results\nRhineland champion was the winner of the West Division, Germania Metternich, after a victory over East division champion, Sportsfreunde Herdorf. The following move up to the II. Division Southwest, Metternich successfully managed to place second, which was sufficient for the promotion.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [23, 30], "content_span": [31, 317]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077752-0003-0000", "contents": "1959\u201360 Rheinlandliga, Results\nTuS Montabaur, SC Wirges, SC Moselwei\u00df and FC Bitburg had to move down to the 2. Amateur League.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [23, 30], "content_span": [31, 127]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077752-0004-0000", "contents": "1959\u201360 Rheinlandliga, Results\nFor the following season 1960\u201361, promoted from the 2. Amateur league were:", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [23, 30], "content_span": [31, 106]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077753-0000-0000", "contents": "1959\u201360 Rochdale A.F.C. season\nThe 1959\u201360 season saw Rochdale compete for their first season in the Football League Fourth Division, following relegation the previous season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [30, 30], "content_span": [31, 175]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077754-0000-0000", "contents": "1959\u201360 Romanian Hockey League season\nThe 1959\u201360 Romanian Hockey League season was the 30th season of the Romanian Hockey League. Six teams participated in the league, and Vointa Miercurea Ciuc won the championship.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [37, 37], "content_span": [38, 216]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077755-0000-0000", "contents": "1959\u201360 Rugby Union County Championship\nThe 1959\u201360 Rugby Union County Championship was the 60th edition of England's premier rugby union club competition at the time.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [39, 39], "content_span": [40, 167]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077755-0001-0000", "contents": "1959\u201360 Rugby Union County Championship\nWarwickshire won the competition for the fourth time and third in succession after defeating Surrey in the final.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [39, 39], "content_span": [40, 153]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077756-0000-0000", "contents": "1959\u201360 SK Rapid Wien season\nThe 1959\u201360 SK Rapid Wien season was the 62nd season in club history.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [28, 28], "content_span": [29, 98]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077757-0000-0000", "contents": "1959\u201360 SM-sarja season\nThe 1959\u201360 SM-sarja season was the 29th season of the SM-sarja, the top level of ice hockey in Finland. 10 teams participated in the league, and Ilves Tampere won the championship.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [23, 23], "content_span": [24, 205]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077758-0000-0000", "contents": "1959\u201360 Scottish Cup\nThe 1959\u201360 Scottish Cup was the 75th staging of Scotland's most prestigious football knockout competition. The Cup was won by Rangers who defeated Kilmarnock in the final.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [20, 20], "content_span": [21, 193]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077759-0000-0000", "contents": "1959\u201360 Scottish Division One\nThe 1959\u201360 Scottish Division One was won by Heart of Midlothian by four points over nearest rival Kilmarnock. Stirling Albion and Arbroath finished 17th and 18th respectively and were relegated to the 1960-61 Second Division.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [29, 29], "content_span": [30, 256]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077760-0000-0000", "contents": "1959\u201360 Scottish Division Two\nThe 1959\u201360 Scottish Second Division was won by St Johnstone who, along with second placed Dundee United, were promoted to the First Division. Cowdenbeath finished bottom.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [29, 29], "content_span": [30, 201]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077762-0000-0000", "contents": "1959\u201360 Scottish Inter-District Championship\nThe 1959\u201360 Scottish Inter-District Championship was a rugby union competition for Scotland's district teams.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [44, 44], "content_span": [45, 154]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077762-0001-0000", "contents": "1959\u201360 Scottish Inter-District Championship\nSouth, North and Midlands and Edinburgh District won the competition with two wins and a loss each.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [44, 44], "content_span": [45, 144]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077762-0002-0000", "contents": "1959\u201360 Scottish Inter-District Championship\nGlasgow's 32 - 0 loss to the South led to calls for the Glasgow District to be partitioned into Glasgow (northwards to Stirling) as a 'city' team and a South-West district (Renfrewshire and Ayrshire to Stranraer and Wigtownshire).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [44, 44], "content_span": [45, 275]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077763-0000-0000", "contents": "1959\u201360 Scottish League Cup\nThe 1959\u201360 Scottish League Cup was the fourteenth season of Scotland's second football knockout competition. The competition was won by Heart of Midlothian for a second successive season, after they defeated Third Lanark 2\u20131 in the final. Hearts would later go on to become the only Scottish club outside the Old Firm to win a League and League Cup double.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [27, 27], "content_span": [28, 385]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077764-0000-0000", "contents": "1959\u201360 Segunda Divisi\u00f3n\nThe 1959\u201360 Segunda Divisi\u00f3n season was the 29th since its establishment and was played between 12 September 1959 and 17 April 1960.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [24, 24], "content_span": [25, 157]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077764-0001-0000", "contents": "1959\u201360 Segunda Divisi\u00f3n, Overview before the season\n32 teams joined the league, including two relegated from the 1958\u201359 La Liga and 5 promoted from the 1958\u201359 Tercera Divisi\u00f3n.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 52], "content_span": [53, 179]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077765-0000-0000", "contents": "1959\u201360 Serie A, Events\nA modern professional structure was introduced, together with a third relegation.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 15], "section_span": [17, 23], "content_span": [24, 105]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077766-0000-0000", "contents": "1959\u201360 Serie A (ice hockey) season\nThe 1959\u201360 Serie A season was the 26th season of the Serie A, the top level of ice hockey in Italy. Four teams participated in the league, and HC Diavoli Milano won the championship.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [35, 35], "content_span": [36, 219]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077767-0000-0000", "contents": "1959\u201360 Serie B\nThe Serie B 1959\u201360 was the twenty-eighth tournament of this competition played in Italy since its creation.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 15], "section_span": [15, 15], "content_span": [16, 124]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077767-0001-0000", "contents": "1959\u201360 Serie B, Teams\nMantova and Catanzaro had been promoted from Serie C, while Triestina and Torino had been relegated from Serie A.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 15], "section_span": [17, 22], "content_span": [23, 136]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077767-0002-0000", "contents": "1959\u201360 Serie B, Events\nConsequently to the reform of the professional football in Italy following the Belfast Disaster, the first-ever elimination of the Italy football team into the World Cup Qualifiers, both a third promotion and relegation was introduced.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 15], "section_span": [17, 23], "content_span": [24, 259]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077768-0000-0000", "contents": "1959\u201360 Serie C\nThe 1959\u201360 Serie C was the twenty-second edition of Serie C, the third highest league in the Italian football league system.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 15], "section_span": [15, 15], "content_span": [16, 141]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077769-0000-0000", "contents": "1959\u201360 Sheffield Shield season\nThe 1959\u201360 Sheffield Shield season was the 58th season of the Sheffield Shield, the domestic first-class cricket competition of Australia. New South Wales won the championship for the seventh consecutive year.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [31, 31], "content_span": [32, 242]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077770-0000-0000", "contents": "1959\u201360 South-West Indian Ocean cyclone season\nThe 1959\u201360 South-West Indian Ocean cyclone season featured the beginning of tropical cyclone naming in the basin.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 46], "section_span": [46, 46], "content_span": [47, 161]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077770-0001-0000", "contents": "1959\u201360 South-West Indian Ocean cyclone season, Systems, November tropical cyclone\nA tropical cyclone was observed northeast of Madagascar on November\u00a026. The storm moved westward, passing north of the island on December\u00a06. Two days later, the storm moved through the Comoros. On December\u00a09, the cyclone struck northeastern Mozambique, dissipating soon after.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 46], "section_span": [48, 82], "content_span": [83, 359]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077770-0002-0000", "contents": "1959\u201360 South-West Indian Ocean cyclone season, Systems, December tropical cyclone\nOn December\u00a026, a tropical cyclone was first observed west of Diego Garcia. The system moved westward at first, passing north of Tromelin Island on December\u00a030. The track shifted to the southwest, bringing the storm between Madagascar and R\u00e9union. The storm was last observed on January\u00a04, moving southward away from land.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 46], "section_span": [48, 82], "content_span": [83, 405]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077770-0003-0000", "contents": "1959\u201360 South-West Indian Ocean cyclone season, Systems, Tropical Cyclone Alix\nA tropical cyclone developed south of Diego Garcia on January\u00a010, which would eventually become Cyclone Alix, the first named storm in the basin. The storm moved westward for several days, eventually moving near St. Brandon on January\u00a017. After turning southward, Cyclone Alix passed between Mauritius and R\u00e9union on January\u00a019, producing wind gusts of 200\u00a0km/h (120\u00a0mph), and a barometric pressure of 970\u00a0mbar (29\u00a0inHg). The storm turned to the southeast and was last observed on January\u00a021.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 46], "section_span": [48, 78], "content_span": [79, 571]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077770-0004-0000", "contents": "1959\u201360 South-West Indian Ocean cyclone season, Systems, Tropical Cyclone Alix\nDuring its passage near Mauritius, Cyclone Alix killed eight people, and injured more than 100 others. The cyclone destroyed more than 20,000\u00a0huts and buildings, leaving 21,000\u00a0people homeless. Rainfall on the island reached 168\u00a0mm (6.6\u00a0in).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 46], "section_span": [48, 78], "content_span": [79, 320]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077770-0005-0000", "contents": "1959\u201360 South-West Indian Ocean cyclone season, Systems, Tropical Cyclone Carol\nOn February\u00a027, 1960, Cyclone Carol struck Mauritius, producing wind gusts of 256\u00a0km/h (159\u00a0mph), the strongest on record at the time and only surpassed by Cyclone Gervaise in 1975. Carol killed 42\u00a0people on Mauritius and seriously injured 95\u00a0others. The storm destroyed or seriously damaged about 100,000\u00a0houses, leaving over 15% of the island's population homeless, or over 100,000\u00a0people, of whom 70,000 stayed in emergency shelters. The high winds also wrecked about 60% of the sugar crop. Storm damage was estimated at RS450\u00a0million (US$95\u00a0million). King's African Rifles personnel and the Red Cross distributed relief supplies in its aftermath.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 46], "section_span": [48, 79], "content_span": [80, 730]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077770-0006-0000", "contents": "1959\u201360 South-West Indian Ocean cyclone season, Systems, Tropical Depression Diane\nTropical Depression Diane formed in the southwestern Mozambique Channel on March\u00a018. It moved northeastward and later eastward, striking western Madagascar north of Morondava on March\u00a022. Diane crossed the island and proceeded to the southeast over the Indian Ocean. On March\u00a024, the depression passed southwest of R\u00e9union, and was last observed four days later.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 46], "section_span": [48, 82], "content_span": [83, 445]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077770-0007-0000", "contents": "1959\u201360 South-West Indian Ocean cyclone season, Systems, Tropical Depression Elise\nThe final known storm of the season \u2013 Tropical Depression Elise \u2013 developed on March\u00a030, southeast of Diego Garcia. Elise moved southwestward and gradually turned more to the south, attaining estimated winds of 120\u00a0km/h (75\u00a0mph). After the storm accelerated southeastward, it was last observed on April\u00a07 departing the tropics.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 46], "section_span": [48, 82], "content_span": [83, 410]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077770-0008-0000", "contents": "1959\u201360 South-West Indian Ocean cyclone season, Systems, Other storms\nA tropical depression was first observed northeast of Madagascar on October\u00a027. On November\u00a02, the storm struck northern Madagascar, and dissipated three days later.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 46], "section_span": [48, 69], "content_span": [70, 235]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077770-0009-0000", "contents": "1959\u201360 South-West Indian Ocean cyclone season, Systems, Other storms\nFrom November\u00a020\u201326, a tropical depression existed in the northeast portion of the basin. The system moved west, then south, and again to the west before dissipating.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 46], "section_span": [48, 69], "content_span": [70, 236]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077770-0010-0000", "contents": "1959\u201360 South-West Indian Ocean cyclone season, Systems, Other storms\nFrom January\u00a015\u201318, a tropical depression existed near the Comoros. Tropical Depression Brigitte formed in the Mozambique Channel on January\u00a028, near Juan de Nova Island. It moved to the west-southwest, and was last noted on February\u00a01.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 46], "section_span": [48, 69], "content_span": [70, 306]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077771-0000-0000", "contents": "1959\u201360 Southern Football League\nThe 1959\u201360 Southern Football League season was the 57th in the history of the league, an English football competition.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [32, 32], "content_span": [33, 152]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077771-0001-0000", "contents": "1959\u201360 Southern Football League\nThe league split into a Premier Division and Division One, the first time the league had had two hierarchical divisions since 1919\u201320. Bath City won the championship, whilst Clacton Town, Romford, Folkestone Town and Guildford City were all promoted to the Premier Division. Eleven Southern League clubs applied to join the Football League at the end of the season, but none were successful.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [32, 32], "content_span": [33, 424]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077771-0002-0000", "contents": "1959\u201360 Southern Football League, Premier Division\nPremier Division was formed at the end of the previous season, with eleven top clubs from both North-West and South-East divisions joined.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 50], "content_span": [51, 189]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077771-0003-0000", "contents": "1959\u201360 Southern Football League, Premier Division\nAt the end of the season Headington United was renamed Oxford United.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 50], "content_span": [51, 120]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077771-0004-0000", "contents": "1959\u201360 Southern Football League, Division One\nDivision One was formed at the end of the previous season with clubs finished below eleventh place in North-West and South East divisions joined. Also, Division One featured ten new clubs:", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 46], "content_span": [47, 235]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077771-0005-0000", "contents": "1959\u201360 Southern Football League, Football League elections\nEleven Southern League clubs (including Guildford City and Romford from Division One) applied for election to the Football League. Although none were successful, Peterborough United were elected at the expense of Gateshead.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 59], "content_span": [60, 283]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077772-0000-0000", "contents": "1959\u201360 Soviet Cup\nThe 1959\u201360 Soviet Cup was an association football cup competition of the Soviet Union.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 18], "section_span": [18, 18], "content_span": [19, 106]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077772-0001-0000", "contents": "1959\u201360 Soviet Cup, Competition schedule, Preliminary stage, Group 5\nADMIRALTEYETS Leningrad       4-0  Textilshchik Ivanovo SHAKHTYOR Shakhty             3-0  Energiya Volzhskiy TRAKTOR Stalingrad            4-1  Spartak Ulyanovsk", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 18], "section_span": [20, 68], "content_span": [69, 231]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077773-0000-0000", "contents": "1959\u201360 Soviet League season\nThe 1959\u201360 Soviet Championship League season was the 14th season of the Soviet Championship League, the top level of ice hockey in the Soviet Union. Eighteen teams participated in the league, and CSKA Moscow won the championship.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [28, 28], "content_span": [29, 259]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077774-0000-0000", "contents": "1959\u201360 Spartan League\nThe 1959\u201360 Spartan League season was the 42nd in the history of Spartan League. The league consisted of 15 teams.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [22, 22], "content_span": [23, 137]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077774-0001-0000", "contents": "1959\u201360 Spartan League, League table\nThe division featured 15 teams, 13 from last season and 2 new teams:", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [24, 36], "content_span": [37, 105]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077775-0000-0000", "contents": "1959\u201360 St. Francis Terriers men's basketball team\nThe 1959\u201360 St. Francis Terriers men's basketball team represented St. Francis College during the 1959\u201360 NCAA men's basketball season. The team was coached by Daniel Lynch, who was in his twelfth year at the helm of the St. Francis Terriers. The team was a member of the Metropolitan New York Conference and played their home games at the II Corps Artillery Armory in Park Slope, Brooklyn.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 50], "section_span": [50, 50], "content_span": [51, 441]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077775-0001-0000", "contents": "1959\u201360 St. Francis Terriers men's basketball team\nThe Terriers finished the season at 13\u20138 overall and 2\u20131 in conference play. The Terriers squad was led by Richie Dreyer, the leading scorer and rebounder.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 50], "section_span": [50, 50], "content_span": [51, 206]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077776-0000-0000", "contents": "1959\u201360 St. John's Redmen basketball team\nThe 1959\u201360 St. John's Redmen basketball team represented St. John's University during the 1959\u201360 college basketball season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 41], "section_span": [41, 41], "content_span": [42, 167]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077777-0000-0000", "contents": "1959\u201360 St. Louis Hawks season\nThe 1959\u201360 St. Louis Hawks season was the 14th season for the franchise in the National Basketball Association (NBA). The Hawks claimed their 4th straight division title. They won the division by 16 games with a 46\u201329 record. Bob Pettit, Cliff Hagan, and Clyde Lovellette all averaged more than 20 points per game. In the Western Finals, the Hawks faced the Minneapolis Lakers and needed a win in Game 6 to stay alive. Game 6 was played in Minneapolis and the Hawks dominated the Lakers, as they won the match by 21 points to force a 7th game.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [30, 30], "content_span": [31, 575]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077777-0000-0001", "contents": "1959\u201360 St. Louis Hawks season\nIn St. Louis the Hawks won 97\u201386 to earn a trip to the NBA Finals. The Hawks challenged the Boston Celtics for the 3rd time in 4 years. The Hawks and Celtics alternated wins as the series went to a 7th game. In Game 7 the Celtics would claim the title as Bill Russell scored 18 points in the 2nd Quarter.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [30, 30], "content_span": [31, 335]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077778-0000-0000", "contents": "1959\u201360 Stoke City F.C. season\nThe 1959\u201360 season was Stoke City's 53rd season in the Football League and the 20th in the Second Division.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [30, 30], "content_span": [31, 138]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077778-0001-0000", "contents": "1959\u201360 Stoke City F.C. season\nStoke had a very poor end to an uneventful 1950s as for most of the season the side looked capable of mounting a promotion challenge but a truly awful run of results in March and April (10 straight defeats) meant that Stoke dropped down the table and only avoided relegation by five points as they finished in 17th position. At the end of the season new chairman Albert Hensall decided that a change of manager was needed and so sacked Frank Taylor and replaced him with Tony Waddington who would bring a new era to the club.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [30, 30], "content_span": [31, 556]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077778-0002-0000", "contents": "1959\u201360 Stoke City F.C. season, Season review, League\nThe 1959\u201360 season began well with new signing from Burnley, Doug Newlands tormenting the Sunderland defence in a 3\u20131 victory. But thereafter their form rate was erratic although Lincoln City were beaten 6\u20131 with Dennis Wilshaw grabbing a fine hat trick. Soon after that win over Lincoln a 19-year-old Tony Allen won his first England cap.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 53], "content_span": [54, 393]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077778-0002-0001", "contents": "1959\u201360 Stoke City F.C. season, Season review, League\nBut it was proving difficult on the pitch for Stoke as after a 1\u20130 home win against Plymouth Argyle on 27 February 1960 Stoke sat in 6th position in the table looking to start a push for promotion, but 10 matches later they were in 17th five points away from relegation.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 53], "content_span": [54, 324]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077778-0003-0000", "contents": "1959\u201360 Stoke City F.C. season, Season review, League\nIt was in defence where the problems lay as manager Frank Taylor used four different keepers one of which was Tommy Younger a fine keeper for Liverpool but in his ten matches for Stoke he lost nine of them conceding 22 goals and he quickly left. Ken Thomson was sold to Middlesbrough and legendary striker Frank Bowyer decided to retire.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 53], "content_span": [54, 391]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077778-0004-0000", "contents": "1959\u201360 Stoke City F.C. season, Season review, League\nHowever the biggest move at the end of the season was made by new chairman Alfred Henshall who decided that after eight years at the club it was time for a change of manager and so Frank Taylor was sacked. In truth Stoke were as far away from top flight football than ever with crowds dropping and overall performances on the pitch had been the biggest disappointment. Despite this Taylor was shocked at being fired and vowed never to be associated with football again. In his place Henshall appointed Taylor's assistant Tony Waddington and Len Graham became Waddington's assistant.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 53], "content_span": [54, 636]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077778-0005-0000", "contents": "1959\u201360 Stoke City F.C. season, Season review, FA Cup\nStoke failed to make it past the third round this season losing 3\u20131 away at Preston North End in a replay.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 53], "content_span": [54, 160]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077779-0000-0000", "contents": "1959\u201360 Sussex County Football League\nThe 1959\u201360 Sussex County Football League season was the 35th in the history of the competition.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [37, 37], "content_span": [38, 134]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077779-0001-0000", "contents": "1959\u201360 Sussex County Football League\nDivision 1 remained at sixteen teams and Sidley United was promoted from Division 2. Division 2 was decreased to fifteen teams, as Cuckfield and Hove Town left the league but Horsham YMCA joining, from which the winner would be promoted into Division 1.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [37, 37], "content_span": [38, 291]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077779-0002-0000", "contents": "1959\u201360 Sussex County Football League, Division One\nThe division featured 16 clubs, 15 which competed in the last season, along with one new club:", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [39, 51], "content_span": [52, 146]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077779-0003-0000", "contents": "1959\u201360 Sussex County Football League, Division Two\nThe division featured 15 clubs, 14 which competed in the last season, along with one new club:", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [39, 51], "content_span": [52, 146]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077780-0000-0000", "contents": "1959\u201360 Swedish Division I season\nThe 1959\u201360 Swedish Division I season was the 16th season of Swedish Division I. Djurgardens IF won the league title by finishing first in the final round.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [33, 33], "content_span": [34, 189]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077781-0000-0000", "contents": "1959\u201360 Syracuse Nationals season\nThe 1959\u201360 NBA season was the Nationals' 11th season in the NBA.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [33, 33], "content_span": [34, 99]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077782-0000-0000", "contents": "1959\u201360 Tercera Divisi\u00f3n\nThe 1959\u201360 Tercera Divisi\u00f3n season was the 24th since its establishment.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [24, 24], "content_span": [25, 98]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077783-0000-0000", "contents": "1959\u201360 Toronto Maple Leafs season\nThe 1959\u201360 Toronto Maple Leafs season saw the Maple Leafs finish in second place in the National Hockey League (NHL) with a record of 35 wins, 26 losses, and 9 ties for 79 points. They defeated the Detroit Red Wings in six games in the Semi-finals before being swept by their arch-rivals, the Montreal Canadiens, in the Stanley Cup Finals.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [34, 34], "content_span": [35, 375]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077783-0001-0000", "contents": "1959\u201360 Toronto Maple Leafs season, Playoffs\nMontreal swept the Chicago Black Hawks in four games to reach the Final. In the other semi-final, Toronto defeated the Detroit Red Wings four games to two.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [36, 44], "content_span": [45, 200]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077783-0002-0000", "contents": "1959\u201360 Toronto Maple Leafs season, The Stanley Cup Final Series\nMontreal swept the Maple Leafs, outscoring them 15\u20135, en route to being the first team since the 1952 Detroit Red Wings to go without a loss in the playoffs.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [36, 64], "content_span": [65, 222]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077783-0003-0000", "contents": "1959\u201360 Toronto Maple Leafs season, The Stanley Cup Final Series\nAfter the series Rocket Richard retired. He went out with style, finishing with his 34th final-series goal in the third game.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [36, 64], "content_span": [65, 190]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077783-0004-0000", "contents": "1959\u201360 Toronto Maple Leafs season, Player statistics, Forwards\nNote: GP= Games played; G= Goals; AST= Assists; PTS = Points; PIM = Points", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [36, 63], "content_span": [64, 138]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077783-0005-0000", "contents": "1959\u201360 Toronto Maple Leafs season, Player statistics, Defencemen\nNote: GP= Games played; G= Goals; AST= Assists; PTS = Points; PIM = Points", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [36, 65], "content_span": [66, 140]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077783-0006-0000", "contents": "1959\u201360 Toronto Maple Leafs season, Player statistics, Goaltending\nNote: GP = Games played; W = Wins; L = Losses; T = Ties; SO = Shutouts; GAA = Goals against average", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [36, 66], "content_span": [67, 166]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077784-0000-0000", "contents": "1959\u201360 Turkish National League\nThe 1959\u201360 Turkish National League was the second season of professional football in Turkey. The league consisted of 20 clubs, with Be\u015fikta\u015f J.K. winning their third championship.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [31, 31], "content_span": [32, 212]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077784-0001-0000", "contents": "1959\u201360 Turkish National League, Overview\nThe original sixteen clubs of the 1959 Milli Lig took part in the 1959\u201360 edition, along with newly promoted Kas\u0131mpa\u015fa, \u015eeker Hilal, Alt\u0131nordu, and Ferik\u00f6y. Be\u015fikta\u015f won their first league title, winning 11 matches by a 1-0 margin, a record at the time. Metin Oktay finished top scorer with 33 goals. Clubs were not relegated directly, but instead took part in the Baraj Ma\u00e7lar\u0131, a competition between the top four amateur clubs and the bottom three Milli Lig clubs.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 41], "content_span": [42, 508]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077784-0002-0000", "contents": "1959\u201360 Turkish National League, Overview\nAlt\u0131nordu finished first in the Baraj Ma\u00e7lar\u0131, allowing them to stay in the Milli Lig. Hacettepe and Adalet were not successful, earning relegation to the Ankara and Istanbul professional leagues respectively. Adana Demirspor and PTT earned promotion to the Milli Lig. Adana Demirspor would become the first club from outside of the big three cities (Ankara, Istanbul, and \u0130zmir) to compete in the Milli Lig during the following season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 41], "content_span": [42, 478]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077785-0000-0000", "contents": "1959\u201360 Tweede Divisie\nThe Dutch Tweede Divisie in the 1959\u201360 season was contested by 25 teams, twelve of which playing in group A, thirteen in group B.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [22, 22], "content_span": [23, 153]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077785-0001-0000", "contents": "1959\u201360 Tweede Divisie\nEight teams would play against relegation this season in a play-off. Two teams already had to play in it on the basis of last season's results: ONA and Velocitas 1897. The other six participants were the lowest ranked teams of this season. The changes were part of an attempt by the KNVB to make the Tweede Divisie one league next year. Also, one extra team would be promoted to the Eerste Divisie this year, through a play-off between the third-place finishers of both groups.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [22, 22], "content_span": [23, 500]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077785-0002-0000", "contents": "1959\u201360 Tweede Divisie, Final tables, Promotion play-offs / Tweede Divisie B\nThe two losing sides played off for the final promotion spot:", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [24, 76], "content_span": [77, 138]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077786-0000-0000", "contents": "1959\u201360 UCLA Bruins men's basketball team\nThe 1959\u201360 UCLA Bruins men's basketball team represented the University of California, Los Angeles during the 1959\u201360 NCAA men's basketball season and were members of the Athletic Association of Western Universities. The Bruins were led by 12th year head coach John Wooden. They finished the regular season with a record of 14\u201312 and finished second in the AAWU with a record of 7\u20135. After five years at the Pan-Pacific Auditorium, UCLA moved to the new Los Angeles Memorial Sports Arena.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 41], "section_span": [41, 41], "content_span": [42, 531]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077786-0001-0000", "contents": "1959\u201360 UCLA Bruins men's basketball team, Previous season\nThe Bruins finished the regular season with a record of 16\u20139 and finished third in the PCC with a record of 10\u20136.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 41], "section_span": [43, 58], "content_span": [59, 172]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077787-0000-0000", "contents": "1959\u201360 United States network television schedule\nThe following is the 1959\u201360 network television schedule for the three major English language commercial broadcast networks in the United States. The schedule covers primetime hours from September 1959 through March 1960. The schedule is followed by a list per network of returning series, new series, and series cancelled after the 1958\u201359 season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 49], "section_span": [49, 49], "content_span": [50, 398]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077787-0001-0000", "contents": "1959\u201360 United States network television schedule\nBy the end of the 1950s, the three major U.S. television networks had basically given up direct control of their TV programs. According to TV historians Castleman and Podrazik (1982), ABC allowed Warner Brothers studios to fill 30% of its fall 1959 schedule. The networks \"acted as mere conduits\", with Warner, Talent Associates, Revue Studios, Ziv, Screen Gems, 20th Century-Fox, Goodson-Todman, and Desilu Studios producing nearly everything on the networks; with rare exceptions, only network news and sports were still produced in-house.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 49], "section_span": [49, 49], "content_span": [50, 591]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077787-0002-0000", "contents": "1959\u201360 United States network television schedule\nBy fall 1959 what the Hollywood studios were producing were mostly Westerns. According to Castleman and Podrazik (1984), \"the rush to Westerns had become a virtual stampede so that, by the fall of 1959, viewers had their choice from a staggering twenty-eight different Western-based prime time series.\" Westerns were popular with audiences, but critics lamented the loss of other program formats, which had quietly vanished from the three networks' schedules. The addition of Westerns and game shows came at the direct expense of the live dramatic anthology series seen during the Golden Age of Television.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 49], "section_span": [49, 49], "content_span": [50, 656]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077787-0003-0000", "contents": "1959\u201360 United States network television schedule\nAll times are Eastern and Pacific. New fall series are highlighted in bold.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 49], "section_span": [49, 49], "content_span": [50, 125]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077787-0004-0000", "contents": "1959\u201360 United States network television schedule\nThe official schedule was set by each network before the start of the official fall season. The fall season is from September to November in the U.S.. The mid-season schedule is listed under the official fall season lineup of each network. The mid-season schedule is from December 1959 to May 1960.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 49], "section_span": [49, 49], "content_span": [50, 348]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077787-0005-0000", "contents": "1959\u201360 United States network television schedule\nEach of the 30 highest-rated shows is listed with its rank and rating as determined by Nielsen Media Research.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 49], "section_span": [49, 49], "content_span": [50, 160]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077787-0006-0000", "contents": "1959\u201360 United States network television schedule, Sunday\nNote: The CBS 1960 summer series Lucy in Connecticut consisted of reruns of I Love Lucy from the final 13 episodes of the 1956-57 season when the Lucy and Ricky Ricardo characters made their home in Westport, Connecticut.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 49], "section_span": [51, 57], "content_span": [58, 279]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077787-0007-0000", "contents": "1959\u201360 United States network television schedule, Monday\n(*) In some areas, Douglas Edwards with the News and The Huntley-Brinkley Report aired at 6:45 p.m.(**) Formerly known as The Steve Allen Show", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 49], "section_span": [51, 57], "content_span": [58, 200]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077787-0008-0000", "contents": "1959\u201360 United States network television schedule, Monday\nNew episodes of Richard Diamond, Private Detective, starring David Janssen, during the season were split, with some airing on NBC from October 1959 to January 1960 on Mondays at 7:30 p.m. Eastern Time, and the remainder on NBC on Tuesdays at 9:00 p.m. Eastern from June to September 1960.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 49], "section_span": [51, 57], "content_span": [58, 346]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077787-0009-0000", "contents": "1959\u201360 United States network television schedule, Tuesday\nNotes: Gas Company Playhouse and NBC Playhouse alternated weekly. Gas Company Playhouse, hosted by Julia Meade, consisted of reruns of Goodyear Television Playhouse, The David Niven Show, Colgate Theater, and Alcoa Theatre. NBC Playhouse, hosted by Jeanne Bal, consisted of reruns of episodes of The Loretta Young Show in which Loretta Young had not starred.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 49], "section_span": [51, 58], "content_span": [59, 417]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077787-0010-0000", "contents": "1959\u201360 United States network television schedule, Tuesday\nNew episodes of Richard Diamond, Private Detective, starring David Janssen, were split during the 1959\u20131960 season, with some airing on NBC from October 1959 to January 1960 on Mondays at 7:30 p.m. Eastern Time, and the remainder on NBC on Tuesdays at 9:00 p.m. Eastern from June to September 1960.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 49], "section_span": [51, 58], "content_span": [59, 357]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077787-0011-0000", "contents": "1959\u201360 United States network television schedule, Wednesday\nNote: On ABC, Music For a Spring Night was the summer 1959 series Music For a Summer Night renamed. It reverted to the name Music For a Summer Night in May 1960.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 49], "section_span": [51, 60], "content_span": [61, 222]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077787-0012-0000", "contents": "1959\u201360 United States network television schedule, Thursday\nNote; The ABC 1960 summer series The Jeannie Carson Show consisted of reruns of the 1956-1957 CBS situation comedy Hey, Jeannie!", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 49], "section_span": [51, 59], "content_span": [60, 188]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077787-0013-0000", "contents": "1959\u201360 United States network television schedule, By network, NTA\nNote: The * indicates that the program was introduced in midseason.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 49], "section_span": [51, 66], "content_span": [67, 134]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077788-0000-0000", "contents": "1959\u201360 United States network television schedule (daytime)\nThe 1959\u201360 daytime network television schedule for the three major English-language commercial broadcast networks in the United States covers the weekday daytime hours from September 1959 to August 1960.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 59], "section_span": [59, 59], "content_span": [60, 264]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077788-0001-0000", "contents": "1959\u201360 United States network television schedule (daytime)\nTalk shows are highlighted in yellow, local programming is white, reruns of prime-time programming are orange, game shows are pink, soap operas are chartreuse, news programs are gold and all others are light blue. New series are highlighted in bold.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 59], "section_span": [59, 59], "content_span": [60, 309]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077788-0002-0000", "contents": "1959\u201360 United States network television schedule (daytime), Summer 1960\nRocky and His Friends (Tue/Thu) My Friend Flicka (Wed) reruns", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 59], "section_span": [61, 72], "content_span": [73, 134]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077789-0000-0000", "contents": "1959\u201360 United States network television schedule (late night)\nThese are the late night Monday-Friday schedules on all three networks for each calendar season beginning September 1959. All times are Eastern and Pacific.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 62], "section_span": [62, 62], "content_span": [63, 219]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077789-0001-0000", "contents": "1959\u201360 United States network television schedule (late night)\nTalk shows are highlighted in yellow, local programming is white.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 62], "section_span": [62, 62], "content_span": [63, 128]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077790-0000-0000", "contents": "1959\u201360 WHL season\nThe 1959\u201360 WHL season was the eighth season of the Western Hockey League. The Vancouver Canucks were the President's Cup champions as they beat the Victoria Cougars in five games to two in the final series.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 18], "section_span": [18, 18], "content_span": [19, 226]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077790-0001-0000", "contents": "1959\u201360 WHL season\nBoth the Saskatoon Quakers and New Westminster Royals announced they would not play the season, leaving the league with seven teams.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 18], "section_span": [18, 18], "content_span": [19, 151]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077790-0002-0000", "contents": "1959\u201360 WHL season, Playoffs\nThe Vancouver Canucks defeated the Victoria Cougars 5 games to 2 to win the President's Cup.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 18], "section_span": [20, 28], "content_span": [29, 121]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077790-0003-0000", "contents": "1959\u201360 WHL season, Bibliography\nThis ice hockey competition article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by .", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 18], "section_span": [20, 32], "content_span": [33, 107]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077791-0000-0000", "contents": "1959\u201360 WIHL season\n1959\u201360 was the 14th season of the Western International Hockey League.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [19, 19], "content_span": [20, 91]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077791-0001-0000", "contents": "1959\u201360 WIHL season, Playoffs, Semi final (Round-robin tournament)\nNote: Trail started the series with 3 points, Nelson 2, & Rossland 1.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [21, 66], "content_span": [67, 136]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077791-0002-0000", "contents": "1959\u201360 WIHL season, Playoffs, Final (Best of 5)\nThe Trail Smoke Eaters beat Nelson Maple Leafs 3 wins to none.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [21, 48], "content_span": [49, 111]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077791-0003-0000", "contents": "1959\u201360 WIHL season, Playoffs, Final (Best of 5)\nThe Trail Smoke Eaters advanced to the 1959-60 British Columbia Senior Playoffs.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [21, 48], "content_span": [49, 129]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077792-0000-0000", "contents": "1959\u201360 Washington Huskies men's basketball team\nThe 1959\u201360 Washington Huskies men's basketball team represented the University of Washington for the 1959\u201360 NCAA college basketball season. Led by first-year head coach John Grayson, the Huskies were members of the Athletic Association of Western Universities (Big Five) and played their home games on campus at Hec Edmundson Pavilion in Seattle, Washington.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 48], "section_span": [48, 48], "content_span": [49, 409]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077792-0001-0000", "contents": "1959\u201360 Washington Huskies men's basketball team\nThe Huskies were 15\u201313 overall in the regular season and 2\u20139 in conference play, last in the standings.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 48], "section_span": [48, 48], "content_span": [49, 152]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077792-0002-0000", "contents": "1959\u201360 Washington Huskies men's basketball team\nGrayson was hired in July 1959, following the departure of Tippy Dye in June to become athletic director at Wichita State. Grayson was the head coach at Idaho State, formerly of the Rocky Mountain Conference, and had led the Bengals to the NCAA Tournament in 1957 with a 25\u20132 regular season record; he coached the Husky program for four years.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 48], "section_span": [48, 48], "content_span": [49, 392]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077792-0003-0000", "contents": "1959\u201360 Washington Huskies men's basketball team\nFollowing the season in May 1960, assistant (and alumnus) Joe Cipriano became the head coach at independent Idaho. After a successful 20\u20136 season on the Palouse with the Vandals in 1963, he rejoined Dye at Nebraska of the Big Eight Conference, and guided the Huskers for seventeen years.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 48], "section_span": [48, 48], "content_span": [49, 336]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077793-0000-0000", "contents": "1959\u201360 Washington State Cougars men's basketball team\nThe 1959\u201360 Washington State Cougars men's basketball team represented Washington State University for the 1959\u201360 college basketball season. Led by second-year head coach Marv Harshman, the Cougars were an independent and played their home games on campus at Bohler Gymnasium in Pullman, Washington.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 54], "section_span": [54, 54], "content_span": [55, 355]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077793-0001-0000", "contents": "1959\u201360 Washington State Cougars men's basketball team\nThe Cougars were 13\u201313 overall in the regular season and dropped both campus games to rival Washington, but defeated the Huskies at the Spokane Coliseum.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 54], "section_span": [54, 54], "content_span": [55, 208]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077793-0002-0000", "contents": "1959\u201360 Washington State Cougars men's basketball team\nThe Pacific Coast Conference disbanded in the spring of 1959, and the successor Athletic Association of Western Universities (AAWU, Big Five) initially included the PCC's Southern Division and Washington. The other four teams of the Northern Division competed as independents for several years; all but Idaho eventually joined.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 54], "section_span": [54, 54], "content_span": [55, 382]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077793-0003-0000", "contents": "1959\u201360 Washington State Cougars men's basketball team\nWashington State was 5\u20137 against the former Northern Division: Washington (1\u20132), Oregon (0\u20133), Oregon State (0\u20132), and Palouse neighbor Idaho (4\u20130).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 54], "section_span": [54, 54], "content_span": [55, 203]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077794-0000-0000", "contents": "1959\u201360 Welsh Cup\nThe 1959\u201360 FAW Welsh Cup is the 73rd season of the annual knockout tournament for competitive football teams in Wales.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [17, 17], "content_span": [18, 137]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077794-0001-0000", "contents": "1959\u201360 Welsh Cup, Fifth round\nTen winners from the Fourth round and six new clubs.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 30], "content_span": [31, 83]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077794-0002-0000", "contents": "1959\u201360 Welsh Cup, Semifinal\nCardiff City and Bangor City played at Wrexham, replay - at Newport, Wrexham and Abergavenny Thursdays played at Hereford.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 28], "content_span": [29, 151]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077795-0000-0000", "contents": "1959\u201360 West Ham United F.C. season\nThis is a complete list of appearances by members of the professional playing squad of West Ham United F.C. during the 1959\u201360 season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [35, 35], "content_span": [36, 170]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077796-0000-0000", "contents": "1959\u201360 West Virginia Mountaineers men's basketball team\nThe 1959\u201360 West Virginia Mountaineers men's basketball team represented West Virginia University in the 1959\u201360 college basketball season. At the time, the Mountaineers were a member of the Southern Conference and coached by Fred Schaus in what proved to be his final year in Morgantown. After the season, he became head coach of the NBA's Los Angeles Lakers, newly relocated from Minneapolis, where he was reunited with his graduated superstar player Jerry West.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 56], "section_span": [56, 56], "content_span": [57, 521]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077797-0000-0000", "contents": "1959\u201360 Western Football League\nThe 1959\u201360 season was the 58th in the history of the Western Football League.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [31, 31], "content_span": [32, 110]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077797-0001-0000", "contents": "1959\u201360 Western Football League\nThe champions for the first time in their history were Torquay United Reserves, and the winners of Division Two were Welton Rovers. This season was the last to feature two divisions until 1976\u201377; many clubs left the league at the end of the season and the league was reduced to one division for 1960\u201361.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [31, 31], "content_span": [32, 336]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077797-0002-0000", "contents": "1959\u201360 Western Football League, Final tables, Division One\nDivision One remained at nineteen clubs after Frome Town were relegated the previous season, Cinderford Town left, and two clubs joined:", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 59], "content_span": [60, 196]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077797-0003-0000", "contents": "1959\u201360 Western Football League, Final tables, Division Two\nDivision Two was reduced from seventeen clubs to fourteen after Bath City Reserves and Trowbridge Town Reserves were promoted to Division One, Hoffman Athletic and Ilfracombe Town left, and one new club joined:", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 59], "content_span": [60, 270]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077798-0000-0000", "contents": "1959\u201360 Western Kentucky Hilltoppers basketball team\nThe 1959\u201360 Western Kentucky Hilltoppers men's basketball team represented Western Kentucky State College during the 1959-60 NCAA University Division Basketball season. The Hilltoppers were led by future Naismith Memorial Basketball Hall of Fame coach Edgar Diddle. The Hilltoppers won the Ohio Valley Conference championship, as well as the conference's automatic bid to the 1960 NCAA University Division Basketball Tournament, where they advanced to the Sweet Sixteen. This team was very balanced, with four players being named to the All-Conference Team: Charlie Osborne, Bobby Rascoe, Al Ellison, and Don Parsons.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 52], "section_span": [52, 52], "content_span": [53, 670]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077799-0000-0000", "contents": "1959\u201360 William & Mary Indians men's basketball team\nThe 1959\u201360 William & Mary Indians men's basketball team represented the College of William & Mary in intercollegiate basketball during the 1959\u201360 NCAA University Division men's basketball season. Under the third year of head coach Bill Chambers, the team finished the season 15\u201311 and 10\u20135 in the Southern Conference. William & Mary played its home games at Blow Gymnasium. This was the 55th season of the collegiate basketball program at William & Mary, whose nickname is now the Tribe.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 52], "section_span": [52, 52], "content_span": [53, 542]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077799-0001-0000", "contents": "1959\u201360 William & Mary Indians men's basketball team\nThe Indians finished in 3rd place in the conference and qualified for the 1960 Southern Conference Men's Basketball Tournament, held at the Richmond Arena. William & Mary defeated Furman in the quarterfinals before losing in the semifinals to top-seeded West Virginia.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 52], "section_span": [52, 52], "content_span": [53, 321]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077800-0000-0000", "contents": "1959\u201360 Wisconsin Badgers men's basketball team\nThe 1959\u20131960 Wisconsin Badgers men's basketball team represented University of Wisconsin\u2013Madison. The head coach was John Erickson, coaching his first season with the Badgers. The team played their home games at the UW Fieldhouse in Madison, Wisconsin and was a member of the Big Ten Conference.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 47], "section_span": [47, 47], "content_span": [48, 344]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077801-0000-0000", "contents": "1959\u201360 Wolverhampton Wanderers F.C. season\nThe 1959\u201360 season was the 61st season of competitive league football in the history of English football club Wolverhampton Wanderers. They played in the First Division, then the highest level of English football.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 43], "section_span": [43, 43], "content_span": [44, 257]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077801-0001-0000", "contents": "1959\u201360 Wolverhampton Wanderers F.C. season\nThe club were narrowly denied a third consecutive league title after Burnley finished one point ahead of them. They did however win both the FA Cup (for a fourth and final time) as well as the FA Charity Shield and also reach the quarter-final stage of the European Cup.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 43], "section_span": [43, 43], "content_span": [44, 314]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077801-0002-0000", "contents": "1959\u201360 Wolverhampton Wanderers F.C. season, Results, Football League First Division\nPld = Matches played; W = Matches won; D = Matches drawn; L = Matches lost; F = Goals for; A = Goals against; GA = Goal average; Pts = Points", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 43], "section_span": [45, 84], "content_span": [85, 226]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077802-0000-0000", "contents": "1959\u201360 Yorkshire Cup\nThe 1959\u201360 Yorkshire Cup was the fifty-second occasion on which the  Yorkshire Cup competition had been held.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [21, 21], "content_span": [22, 132]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077802-0001-0000", "contents": "1959\u201360 Yorkshire Cup\nFor the first time in fourteen years a new name appears on the Yorkshire Cup. Featherstone Rovers who previously won the trophy in the Spring 1940 Wartime competition can now lay claim to a genuine trophy (The  wartime competitions were not counted officially in the records)Featherstone Rovers won the trophy by beating Hull F.C. by the score of 15-14", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [21, 21], "content_span": [22, 374]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077802-0002-0000", "contents": "1959\u201360 Yorkshire Cup\nThe match was played at Headingley, Leeds, now in West Yorkshire. The attendance was 23,983 and receipts were \u00a34156", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [21, 21], "content_span": [22, 137]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077802-0003-0000", "contents": "1959\u201360 Yorkshire Cup, Background\nThis season there were no junior/amateur clubs taking part, no new entrants and no \"leavers\" and so the total of entries remained the  same at sixteen.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [23, 33], "content_span": [34, 185]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077802-0004-0000", "contents": "1959\u201360 Yorkshire Cup, Background\nThis in turn resulted in no byes in the first round.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [23, 33], "content_span": [34, 86]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077802-0005-0000", "contents": "1959\u201360 Yorkshire Cup, Competition and Results, Final, Teams and Scorers\nScoring - Try = three (3) points - Goal = two (2) points - Drop goal = two (2) points", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [23, 72], "content_span": [73, 158]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077802-0006-0000", "contents": "1959\u201360 Yorkshire Cup, Notes and comments\n1 * Headingley, Leeds, is the home ground of Leeds RLFC with a capacity of 21,000. The record attendance was  40,175 for a league match between Leeds and Bradford Northern on 21 May 1947.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [23, 41], "content_span": [42, 229]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077802-0007-0000", "contents": "1959\u201360 Yorkshire Cup, Notes and comments, General information for those unfamiliar\nThe Rugby League Yorkshire Cup competition was a knock-out competition between (mainly professional) rugby league clubs from  the  county of Yorkshire. The actual area was at times increased to encompass other teams from  outside the  county such as Newcastle, Mansfield, Coventry, and even London (in the form of Acton & Willesden.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [23, 83], "content_span": [84, 416]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077802-0008-0000", "contents": "1959\u201360 Yorkshire Cup, Notes and comments, General information for those unfamiliar\nThe Rugby League season always (until the onset of \"Summer Rugby\" in 1996) ran from around August-time through to around May-time and this competition always took place early in the season, in the Autumn, with the final taking place in (or just before) December (The only exception to this was when disruption of the fixture list was caused during, and immediately after, the two World Wars)", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [23, 83], "content_span": [84, 475]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077803-0000-0000", "contents": "1959\u201360 Yugoslav Cup\nThe 1959\u201360 Yugoslav Cup was the 13th season of the top football knockout competition in SFR Yugoslavia, the Yugoslav Cup (Serbo-Croatian: Kup Jugoslavije), also known as the \"Marshal Tito Cup\" (Kup Mar\u0161ala Tita), since its establishment in 1946.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [20, 20], "content_span": [21, 267]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077803-0001-0000", "contents": "1959\u201360 Yugoslav Cup, Calendar\nThe Yugoslav Cup was a tournament for which clubs from all tiers of the football pyramid were eligible to enter. In addition, amateur teams put together by individual Yugoslav People's Army garrisons and various factories and industrial plants were also encouraged to enter, which meant that each cup edition could have several thousands of teams in its preliminary stages. These teams would play through a number of qualifying rounds before reaching the first round proper, in which they would be paired with top-flight teams.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [22, 30], "content_span": [31, 558]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077803-0002-0000", "contents": "1959\u201360 Yugoslav Cup, Calendar\nThe cup final was played on 26 May, traditionally scheduled to coincide with Youth Day celebrated on 25 May, a national holiday in Yugoslavia which also doubled as the official commemoration of Josip Broz Tito's birthday.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [22, 30], "content_span": [31, 252]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077803-0003-0000", "contents": "1959\u201360 Yugoslav Cup, First round\nIn the following tables winning teams are marked in bold; teams from outside top level are marked in italic script.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [22, 33], "content_span": [34, 149]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077804-0000-0000", "contents": "1959\u201360 Yugoslav First League\nThe 1959\u201360 Yugoslav First League season was the 14th season of the First Federal League (Serbo-Croatian: Prva savezna liga), the top level association football league of SFR Yugoslavia, since its establishment in 1946. Twelve teams contested the competition, with Red Star winning their sixth title.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [29, 29], "content_span": [30, 330]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077804-0001-0000", "contents": "1959\u201360 Yugoslav First League, Teams\nAt the end of the previous season \u017deljezni\u010dar and Vardar were relegated. They were replaced by OFK Belgrade and Sloboda Tuzla.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 36], "content_span": [37, 163]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077805-0000-0000", "contents": "1959\u201360 Yugoslav Ice Hockey League season\nThe 1959\u201360 Yugoslav Ice Hockey League season was the 18th season of the Yugoslav Ice Hockey League, the top level of ice hockey in Yugoslavia. Six teams participated in the league, and Jesenice have won the championship.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 41], "section_span": [41, 41], "content_span": [42, 263]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077806-0000-0000", "contents": "1959\u201360 Yugoslav Second League\nThe 1959\u201360 Yugoslav Second League season was the 14th season of the Second Federal League (Serbo-Croatian: Druga savezna liga), the second level association football competition of SFR Yugoslavia, since its establishment in 1946. The league was contested in two regional groups (West Division and East Division), with 12 clubs each.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [30, 30], "content_span": [31, 364]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077806-0001-0000", "contents": "1959\u201360 Yugoslav Second League, West Division, Teams\nA total of twelve teams contested the league, including nine sides from the 1958\u201359 season, one club relegated from the 1958\u201359 Yugoslav First League and two sides promoted from the third tier leagues played in the 1958\u201359 season. The league was contested in a double round robin format, with each club playing every other club twice, for a total of 22 rounds. Two points were awarded for wins and one point for draws.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 52], "content_span": [53, 471]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077806-0002-0000", "contents": "1959\u201360 Yugoslav Second League, West Division, Teams\n\u017deljezni\u010dar Sarajevo were relegated from the 1958\u201359 Yugoslav First League after finishing in the 11th place of the league table. The two clubs promoted to the second level were Igman Ilid\u017ea and Varteks.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 52], "content_span": [53, 256]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077806-0003-0000", "contents": "1959\u201360 Yugoslav Second League, East Division, Teams\nA total of twelve teams contested the league, including nine sides from the 1958\u201359 season, one club relegated from the 1958\u201359 Yugoslav First League and two sides promoted from the third tier leagues played in the 1958\u201359 season. The league was contested in a double round robin format, with each club playing every other club twice, for a total of 22 rounds. Two points were awarded for wins and one point for draws.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 52], "content_span": [53, 471]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077806-0004-0000", "contents": "1959\u201360 Yugoslav Second League, East Division, Teams\nVardar were relegated from the 1958\u201359 Yugoslav First League after finishing in the 12th place of the league table. The two clubs promoted to the second level were Ma\u010dva \u0160abac and Pobeda.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 52], "content_span": [53, 240]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077807-0000-0000", "contents": "1959\u201360 ice hockey Bundesliga season\nThe 1959\u201360 Ice hockey Bundesliga season was the second season of the Ice hockey Bundesliga, the top level of ice hockey in Germany. Eight teams participated in the league, and SC Riessersee won the championship.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [36, 36], "content_span": [37, 249]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077808-0000-0000", "contents": "1959\u201360 in Belgian football\nThe 1959\u201360 season was the 57th season of competitive football in Belgium. K Lierse SK won their 3rd Division I title. RSC Anderlechtois entered the 1959\u201360 European Champion Clubs' Cup as Belgian title holder and RU Saint-Gilloise lost the semifinals of the running 1958\u201360 Inter-Cities Fairs Cup. The Belgium national football team played 6 friendly games (3 wins, 1 draw and 2 losses).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [27, 27], "content_span": [28, 416]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077808-0001-0000", "contents": "1959\u201360 in Belgian football, Overview\nAt the end of the season, R Berchem Sport and K Beringen FC were relegated to Division II and were replaced in Division I by KSC Eendracht Aalst and runner-up VV Patro Eisden from Division II. The bottom 2 clubs in Division II (KRC Mechelen and RFC S\u00e9r\u00e9sien) were relegated to Division III while both Division III winners (KFC Turnhout and UR Namur) were promoted to Division II. The bottom 2 clubs of each Division III league (SK Beveren-Waas, RCS Schaerbeek, Voorwaarts Tienen and R Albert Elisabeth Club Mons) were relegated to Promotion, to be replaced by R Entente Sportive Jamboise, K Wezel Sport FC, KSK Roeselare and K Tubantia FC from Promotion.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 37], "content_span": [38, 692]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077808-0002-0000", "contents": "1959\u201360 in Belgian football, European competitions\nRSC Anderlechtois lost in the first round of the 1959\u201360 European Champion Clubs' Cup to Rangers FC of Scotland (loss 5-2 away and 0-2 at home). RU Saint-Gilloise continued their 1958\u201360 Inter-Cities Fairs Cup campaign by losing to Birmingham City in the semifinals (two losses by 2-4).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 50], "content_span": [51, 337]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077809-0000-0000", "contents": "1959\u201360 in English football\nThe 1959\u201360 season was the 80th season of competitive football in England.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [27, 27], "content_span": [28, 102]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077809-0001-0000", "contents": "1959\u201360 in English football, Diary of the season\n17 November 1959: Phil Taylor resigns as manager of lowly Liverpool, languishing in the lower depths of the Second Division, after three years as manager, with all three of his seasons in charge ending with a narrow failure to win promotion to the First Division.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 48], "content_span": [49, 312]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077809-0002-0000", "contents": "1959\u201360 in English football, Diary of the season\n1 December 1959: Bill Shankly of Huddersfield Town accepts the offer to become Second Division club Liverpool's new manager.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 48], "content_span": [49, 173]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077809-0003-0000", "contents": "1959\u201360 in English football, Diary of the season\n25 December 1959: The last Football League games to be played on Christmas Day are held \u2013 Blackburn defeated Blackpool 1\u20130 in the First Division and Coventry beat Wrexham 5\u20133 in the Third Division.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 48], "content_span": [49, 246]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077809-0004-0000", "contents": "1959\u201360 in English football, Diary of the season\n15 March 1960 Second Division Manchester City pay Huddersfield Town a club record \u00a355,000 transfer fee for Denis Law.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 48], "content_span": [49, 166]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077809-0005-0000", "contents": "1959\u201360 in English football, Diary of the season\n7 May 1960: Wolverhampton Wanderers defeat Blackburn Rovers 3\u20130 in the FA Cup final at Wembley Stadium, with two goals from Norman Deeley and an own goal from Mick McGrath.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 48], "content_span": [49, 221]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077809-0006-0000", "contents": "1959\u201360 in English football, Honours\nNotes = Number in parentheses is the times that club has won that honour. * indicates new record for competition", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 36], "content_span": [37, 149]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077809-0007-0000", "contents": "1959\u201360 in English football, Football League, First Division\nBurnley failed to top the First Division all season, but pipped Wolves to top spot on the final day of their season to clinch the title. Wolves finished their season on 30-April on 54 points. Burnley's last game of the season was on Monday, 2 May, which they won to move to 55 points. The runners-up Wolves, while missing out on a third successive league title and becoming the first team this century to win the elusive double, went on to win the FA Cup this season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 60], "content_span": [61, 528]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077809-0007-0001", "contents": "1959\u201360 in English football, Football League, First Division\nTottenham Hotspur, West Bromwich Albion and newly promoted Sheffield Wednesday completed the top five. Manchester United, last season's runners-up, dipped to seventh in the league this season despite 32 goals from forward Dennis Viollet and the mid-season signing of half-back Maurice Setters. Luton Town, last season's FA Cup finalists, went down in bottom place, and were joined in relegation by Leeds United.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 60], "content_span": [61, 472]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077809-0008-0000", "contents": "1959\u201360 in English football, Football League, Second Division\nAston Villa earned an immediate return to the First Division as Second Division champions, and were joined in promotion by runners-up Cardiff City. Liverpool's change of manager from Phil Taylor to Bill Shankly was not enough to earn them promotion, as they finished in third place, eight points adrift of promotion. Huddersfield Town could only finish sixth in the Second Division despite the goals of brilliant young forward Denis Law, who was sold to Manchester City towards the end of the season for a national record fee.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 61], "content_span": [62, 588]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077809-0009-0000", "contents": "1959\u201360 in English football, Football League, Second Division\nHull City and Bristol City went down to the Third Division.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 61], "content_span": [62, 121]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077809-0010-0000", "contents": "1959\u201360 in English football, Football League, Third Division\nThe Third Division promotion race was very much a two-horse race for much of the season, ending with Southampton going up as champions and Norwich City as runners-up.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 60], "content_span": [61, 227]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077809-0011-0000", "contents": "1959\u201360 in English football, Football League, Third Division\nAccrington Stanley, Wrexham, York City and Mansfield Town went down to the Fourth Division.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 60], "content_span": [61, 152]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077809-0012-0000", "contents": "1959\u201360 in English football, Football League, Fourth Division\nWalsall sealed the Fourth Division title and with it a place in the Third Division. They were joined in the higher division by Notts County, Torquay United and Watford.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 61], "content_span": [62, 230]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077809-0013-0000", "contents": "1959\u201360 in English football, Football League, Fourth Division\nGateshead were voted out of the Football League and replaced by ambitious Southern League side Peterborough United, who boasted a 30,000-capacity stadium.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 61], "content_span": [62, 216]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077810-0000-0000", "contents": "1959\u201360 in Israeli football\nThe 1959\u201360 season was the 12th season of competitive football in Israel and the 34th season under the Israeli Football Association, established in 1928, during the British Mandate.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [27, 27], "content_span": [28, 209]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077810-0001-0000", "contents": "1959\u201360 in Israeli football, Domestic leagues, Promotion and relegation\nThe following promotions and relegations took place at the end of the season:", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 71], "content_span": [72, 149]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077810-0002-0000", "contents": "1959\u201360 in Israeli football, Domestic leagues, Promotion and relegation\n1. Hapoel Even Yehuda withdrew from the league at the end of the season and was replaced by a club from Liga Gimel.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 71], "content_span": [72, 187]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077810-0003-0000", "contents": "1959\u201360 in Israeli football, Domestic cups, Israel State Cup\nThe 1958\u201359 Israel State Cup started during the previous season, but was carried over the summer break and finished with the final on 19 November 1959, in which Maccabi Tel Aviv defeated Hapoel Petah Tikva 4\u20133.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 60], "content_span": [61, 271]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077810-0004-0000", "contents": "1959\u201360 in Israeli football, Domestic cups, Israel State Cup\nOn 30 January 1960, the next season's competition began, and once again carried over to the next season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 60], "content_span": [61, 165]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077811-0000-0000", "contents": "1959\u201360 in Scottish football\nThe 1959\u201360 season was the 87th season of competitive football in Scotland and the 63rd season of the Scottish Football League.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [28, 28], "content_span": [29, 156]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077811-0001-0000", "contents": "1959\u201360 in Scottish football, Other honours, County\n* \u2013 aggregate over two legs \u2013 replay (won on corners) \u2013 trophy shared", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 51], "content_span": [52, 121]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077811-0002-0000", "contents": "1959\u201360 in Scottish football, Scotland national team\n1960 British Home Championship \u2013 Joint winners with \u00a0England and \u00a0Wales", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 52], "content_span": [53, 124]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077812-0000-0000", "contents": "1959\u201360 in Turkish football\nThe 1959\u201360 season was the 55th season of competitive football in Turkey.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [27, 27], "content_span": [28, 101]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077812-0001-0000", "contents": "1959\u201360 in Turkish football, Overview\nBe\u015fikta\u015f were crowned champions for the first time. The club recorded eleven wins by a 1\u20130 result. Fenerbah\u00e7e finished second, while Galatasaray placed third. Baraj Ma\u00e7lar\u0131 (Baraj Matches) were created to decide who would be relegated and who would be promoted. The bottom three teams from the Milli Lig faced off against the winning teams from the Adana, Ankara, Istanbul, and \u0130zmir leagues. Alt\u0131nordu were the only club to stay in the Milli Lig, while Hacettepe and Adalet were relegated to the Ankara and Istanbul leagues respectively.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 37], "content_span": [38, 576]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077812-0002-0000", "contents": "1959\u201360 in Turkish football, Overview\nIn Europe, Fenerbah\u00e7e took part in the 1959\u201360 European Cup. They were knocked out by OGC Nice in the first round after losing out in the play-off match. Be\u015fikta\u015f qualified for the 1960\u201361 European Cup after winning the 1959\u201360 Milli Lig.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 37], "content_span": [38, 276]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077812-0003-0000", "contents": "1959\u201360 in Turkish football, Honours\nNotes \u2013 Number in parentheses is the times that club has won that honour.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 36], "content_span": [37, 110]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077812-0004-0000", "contents": "1959\u201360 in Turkish football, Clubs in Europe\nFenerbah\u00e7e qualified for the 1959\u201360 European Cup after winning the 1959 Milli Lig. The club took part in the preliminary round, beating Hungarian side Csepel SC 4\u20133 on aggregate. The club progressed to the first round, where they met French club OGC Nice. Both clubs drew 3\u20133 on aggregate. An extra play-off match was needed to decide who would advance. Fenerbah\u00e7e went on to lose the play-off match 1\u20135.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 44], "content_span": [45, 450]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077812-0005-0000", "contents": "1959\u201360 in Turkish football, National team\nThe Turkey national football team took part in a single friendly during the 1959\u201360. They defeated Scotland 4\u20132, with Lefter K\u00fc\u00e7\u00fckandonyadis netting two goals.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 42], "content_span": [43, 202]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077813-0000-0000", "contents": "195th (2/1st Scottish Rifles) Brigade\nThe 195th (2/1st Scottish Rifles) Brigade was an infantry brigade of the British Army raised during the Great War. The brigade was part of the Territorial Force and created as a 2nd Line of the 156th (Scottish Rifles) Brigade and part of the 65th (2nd Lowland) Division, itself formed as a 2nd Line of the 52nd (Lowland) Division. The brigade was initially composed of four battalions of the Cameronians (Scottish Rifles).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [37, 37], "content_span": [38, 460]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077813-0001-0000", "contents": "195th (2/1st Scottish Rifles) Brigade, Origin\nThe units and formations of the Territorial Force were mobilised on the outbreak of war on 4 August 1914. Almost immediately, they were invited to volunteer for Overseas Service. On 15 August, the War Office issued instructions to separate those men who had signed up for Home Service only, and form them into reserve units. On 31 August, the formation of a reserve or 2nd Line unit was authorised for each 1st Line unit where 60 per cent or more of the men had volunteered for Overseas Service.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [39, 45], "content_span": [46, 541]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077813-0001-0001", "contents": "195th (2/1st Scottish Rifles) Brigade, Origin\nThe titles of these 2nd Line units would be the same as the original, but distinguished by a '2/' prefix. The large numbers of volunteers coming forward were assigned to these 2nd Line units for training. Later, the Home Service men were separated into provisional units, while the 2nd Line continued to train drafts for the 1st Line serving overseas.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [39, 45], "content_span": [46, 397]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077813-0002-0000", "contents": "195th (2/1st Scottish Rifles) Brigade, Order of battle, Reorganisation\nIn November 1915 the units of 65th (2nd L) Division were reorganised into composite battalions and numbered sequentially. At this time 195th Bde was composed as follows:", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [39, 70], "content_span": [71, 240]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077813-0003-0000", "contents": "195th (2/1st Scottish Rifles) Brigade, Order of battle, Later war\nIn January 1916 the composite battalions returned to their original regiments:", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [39, 65], "content_span": [66, 144]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077813-0004-0000", "contents": "195th (2/1st Scottish Rifles) Brigade, Service\nThe brigade was formed in January 1915, but progressive training of the 2nd Line units was hampered by the need to provide frequent reinforcement drafts to the 1st Line, by the lack of up-to-date arms and equipment, and the reorganisation when Home Service men were drafted to separate units. By August 195, 65th (2nd L) Division had concentrated round Bridge of Allan, with 195th Bde at Cambusbarron, where it remained until March 1916. In that month the division moved to Essex, where it joined Southern Army (Home Forces), with 195th Bde at Billericay, later at Witham and Terling.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [39, 46], "content_span": [47, 631]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077813-0005-0000", "contents": "195th (2/1st Scottish Rifles) Brigade, Service\nEarly in 1917 the division was sent to Ireland to relieve 59th (2nd North Midland) Division, which had been based there since the Easter Rising of 1916. 195th Brigade was dispersed to Fermoy, Tralee, Limerick, Moore Park and Kilworth.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [39, 46], "content_span": [47, 281]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077813-0006-0000", "contents": "195th (2/1st Scottish Rifles) Brigade, Service\n65th (2nd Lowland) Division and its brigades were disbanded on 18 March 1918.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [39, 46], "content_span": [47, 124]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077814-0000-0000", "contents": "195th (Airlanding) Field Ambulance\nThe 195th (Airlanding) Field Ambulance was a Royal Army Medical Corps unit of the British airborne forces during the Second World War.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [34, 34], "content_span": [35, 169]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077814-0001-0000", "contents": "195th (Airlanding) Field Ambulance\nThe 195th was the second airlanding Field Ambulance formed by the British Army. Once raised it was assigned to the 6th Airlanding Brigade, which was part of the 6th Airborne Division. It accompanied the brigade on operations, seeing service in the Normandy landings in 1944, and the River Rhine crossing in 1945, after which they remained in Germany following the advance until the end of the war.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [34, 34], "content_span": [35, 432]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077814-0002-0000", "contents": "195th (Airlanding) Field Ambulance\nAt the end of May 1945, the 195th was withdrawn back to England, but by the end of the year had moved with the 6th Airborne Division to the British mandate of Palestine in an internal security role. The 195th served in Palestine until the 6th Airlanding Brigade was disbanded.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [34, 34], "content_span": [35, 311]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077814-0003-0000", "contents": "195th (Airlanding) Field Ambulance, Background\nImpressed by the success of German airborne operations, during the Battle of France, the British Prime Minister, Winston Churchill, directed the War Office to investigate the possibility of creating a corps of 5,000 parachute troops. In September 1941 the 1st Parachute Brigade began forming, comprising three parachute infantry battalions. In keeping with British Army practice at the same time as the infantry battalions were forming, airborne supporting arms were formed including Royal Army Medical Corps volunteers. Of the seven airborne field ambulances formed during the Second World War, two were glider borne the 181st and the 195th. While the other five were parachute trained the 16th, 127th, 133rd, 224th and the 225th.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [36, 46], "content_span": [47, 778]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077814-0004-0000", "contents": "195th (Airlanding) Field Ambulance, 195th (Airlanding) Field Ambulance\nOn 1 October 1943, the 195th (Airlanding) Field Ambulance was formed under the command of Lieutenant-Colonel Maurice Anderson, by the conversion of the 195th Field Ambulance to parachute duties. The 195th was the second airlanding field ambulance unit formed. It was then assigned to the 6th Airlanding Brigade, part of the 6th Airborne Division. Training for the 195th as an airborne force was arduous, and designed to ensure they were at the peak of physical fitness. It also comprised glider training, accustoming them to the hardships and problems associated with travelling by gliders. To complement their glider training, some of the unit also completed parachute training.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [36, 70], "content_span": [71, 750]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077814-0005-0000", "contents": "195th (Airlanding) Field Ambulance, 195th (Airlanding) Field Ambulance\nThe war establishment of an airlanding field ambulance consisted of 204 all ranks, consisting of ten doctors in two surgical teams and five sections. They could deal with 330 cases in twenty-four hours, with the surgical teams completing 1.8 operations an hour, but if they were required to operate the following day had to be relieved after twelve hours.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [36, 70], "content_span": [71, 426]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077814-0006-0000", "contents": "195th (Airlanding) Field Ambulance, 195th (Airlanding) Field Ambulance\nIt was commanded by a Lieutenant-Colonel, with a major second in command and a regimental sergeant major as the senior non-commissioned rank. Medical staff included two specialist surgeons and a specialist anaesthetist, a pharmacist and a Royal Army Dental Corps (RADC) dentist. To assist with operations there were six operating room assistants, a sergeant nursing orderly and six nursing orderlies. Other medical staff included a sergeant sanitary assistant, a masseur, and a RADC orderly. These were assisted by five stretcher bearers, one of whom was trained as a shoemaker.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [36, 70], "content_span": [71, 649]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077814-0006-0001", "contents": "195th (Airlanding) Field Ambulance, 195th (Airlanding) Field Ambulance\nThe rest of the headquarters comprised a quartermaster, clerks, cooks, storemen, an Army Physical Training Corps instructor and a barber. The four sections each comprised an officer (doctor) in command and a staff sergeant (nursing orderly) second in command as well as three nursing orderlies, a clerk, a dutyman and thirteen stretcher bearers. The last component of the Field Ambulance was the Royal Army Service Corps detachment, commanded by a captain, with a company sergeant major as second in command. They had fifty men under them, including thirty-eight drivers, four motorcyclists and five vehicle mechanics.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [36, 70], "content_span": [71, 689]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077814-0007-0000", "contents": "195th (Airlanding) Field Ambulance, Operations, Normandy\nThe 6th Airborne Divisions two parachute brigades landed in Normandy in the early hours of 6 June 1944, in Operation Tonga. The 195th would land from around 21:00 that evening in Operation Mallard, the plan for the unit was flexible and the location they would establish their Main Dressing Station (MDS) would be decided after they had landed. To carry the 195th to Normandy they were assigned ten Horsa gliders; on board there were the MDS staff, with the two surgical teams and Nos. 3 and 4 Sections. At total there were eleven officers, 109 other ranks, nine Jeeps and five trailers. The remainder of the unit would arrive by sea.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [36, 56], "content_span": [57, 691]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077814-0008-0000", "contents": "195th (Airlanding) Field Ambulance, Operations, Normandy\nThe commanding officer with No. 3 Section would land at landing zone 'N', while the MDS with No. 4 Section landed at landing zone 'W'. By 22:30 they had cleared the landing zone and stayed the night at Bas de Ranville and the following morning set up the MDS at Mariquet, which was receiving casualties by 11:00. By midnight 7 June they had treated 154 wounded and the surgeons had performed twenty-three operations. By 07:00 8 June a secure route to the landing beaches was formed and the wounded were evacuated to England.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [36, 56], "content_span": [57, 581]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077814-0008-0001", "contents": "195th (Airlanding) Field Ambulance, Operations, Normandy\nLater that afternoon the seaborne party arrived, reinforcing the MDS staff. In the evening the MDS, which had been under mortar fire, received a direct hit and one of the surgical teams was moved into the buildings basement. Throughout the day they treated 163 wounded and performed eleven operations. On 9 June the MDS was still under intermittent mortar fire but managed to treat 156 wounded and perform eleven operations. By now a blood bank had been established for the British forces at Le Deliverande but supplies were still short and volunteers were asked to donate blood.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [36, 56], "content_span": [57, 636]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077814-0008-0002", "contents": "195th (Airlanding) Field Ambulance, Operations, Normandy\nOne volunteer was a captured German non-commissioned officer medical orderly, who not only gave blood but assisted at the MDS. For his conduct during this time the second in command Major Young wrote out a citation for the Iron Cross, which was passed to the German authorities. From 18 June an exhaustion ward was set up at the MDS; men identified as suffering were sedated for forty-eight hours and then returned to their units. By the end of June the 195th had admitted 1,687 men to the MDS and performed 127 operations.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [36, 56], "content_span": [57, 580]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077814-0009-0000", "contents": "195th (Airlanding) Field Ambulance, Operations, Normandy\nOn 19 August the 6th Airborne Division crossed the River Dives and advanced north along the coast of France. In the advance No. 2 Section was attached to the 2nd Ox and Bucks Light Infantry, while No. 3 Section was attached to the 12th Devonshire Regiment and later the 1st Royal Ulster Rifles. The MDS at first remained where it was and casualties were evacuated from the front line back to the MDS by Jeep. The following day it was moved across the River Dives to the Ch\u00e2teau de Villers, and on 26 August to the Manor de la Pommeraye. The division was withdrawn to England in September 1944; during the advance, the 195th had treated 332 casualties, performing nineteen operations.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [36, 56], "content_span": [57, 740]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077814-0010-0000", "contents": "195th (Airlanding) Field Ambulance, Operations, Germany\nIn England the 195th were refitted and reformed then in December sent back to Europe in response to the surprise German offensive in the Ardennes, arriving at Calais on 24 December. The division remained on the continent carrying out patrols until February when once again they were withdrawn to England.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [36, 55], "content_span": [56, 360]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077814-0011-0000", "contents": "195th (Airlanding) Field Ambulance, Operations, Germany\nThe second airborne crossing of the River Rhine, Operation Varsity took place on 24 March 1945. Involved were the British 6th and the American 17th Airborne Division. With the 6th Division landing in the area around Bergen and Hamminkeln. As in Normandy the two parachute brigades would land first followed by the airlanding brigade.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [36, 55], "content_span": [56, 389]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077814-0012-0000", "contents": "195th (Airlanding) Field Ambulance, Operations, Germany\nThe gliders carrying the 195th started crossing the River Rhine from 10:30; in the face of prepared German defences the airlanding brigade suffered forty per cent casualties in the landings. The following afternoon the troops involved in the assault river crossing the 15th (Scottish) Infantry Division linked up with the airborne troops, who by then had taken almost 3,000 casualties.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [36, 55], "content_span": [56, 441]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077814-0013-0000", "contents": "195th (Airlanding) Field Ambulance, Operations, Germany\nOn 26 March the 195th followed up the divisions advance into Germany, passing through Rhade, Limbeck and reached Coesfeld on 30 March. Reaching the River Weser the 195th established their MDS at Petershagen, they did not remain here long with the speed of the divisions advance, they were soon at the River Elbe. At Wismar the 195th set up a refugee reception centre, and started treating German civilians and refugees fleeing west from the advancing Russians. Here they remained until the end of the war.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [36, 55], "content_span": [56, 561]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077814-0014-0000", "contents": "195th (Airlanding) Field Ambulance, Operations, Palestine\nAt the end of May the division was withdrawn to England, it had been intended for them to go to the Far East for operations against the Japanese Empire. The dropping of the atomic bombs changed the War Office plans and instead the division was sent to Palestine as the Imperial Strategic reserve. On their arrival in Palestine the 6th Airlanding Brigade was concentrated in the Gaza area while they acclimatised to the conditions.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [36, 57], "content_span": [58, 488]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077814-0015-0000", "contents": "195th (Airlanding) Field Ambulance, Operations, Palestine\nWhen the division deployed at the end of October the 195th moved to the Samaria district. On 15 April 1946, 6th Airlanding Brigade left the division and was renumbered the 31st Independent Infantry Brigade. However the 195th remained with the 6th Airborne Division, and retained as a parachute unit being renamed the 195th (Parachute) Field Ambulance. On 31 October the 195th suffered its first casualties, when two men were killed by a mine exploding under their vehicle. In January 1947 the division relocated to the north of Palestine and the 195th moved to the Galilee sector. In 1948 the British mandate in Palestine ended. At the same time it was decided to disband the division and all its units. Leaving in small groups the last men of the 195th left Palestine in March 1948.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [36, 57], "content_span": [58, 841]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077815-0000-0000", "contents": "195th (City of Regina) Battalion, CEF\nThe 195th (City of Regina) Battalion, CEF was a unit in the Canadian Expeditionary Force during the First World War. Based in Regina, Saskatchewan, the unit began recruiting during the winter of 1915/16 in that city. After sailing to England in November 1916, the battalion was absorbed into the 32nd Reserve Battalion on November 11, 1916. The 195th (City of Regina) Battalion, CEF had one Officer Commanding: Lieut-Col. A. C. Garner.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [37, 37], "content_span": [38, 473]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077815-0001-0000", "contents": "195th (City of Regina) Battalion, CEF\nThe 195th Battalion is perpetuated by The Royal Regina Rifles.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [37, 37], "content_span": [38, 100]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077816-0000-0000", "contents": "195th Combined Arms Brigade (People's Republic of China)\nThe 195th Heavy Combined Arms Brigade (Chinese: \u91cd\u578b\u5408\u6210\u7b2c195\u65c5) is a maneuver formation of People's Liberation Army Ground Force.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 56], "section_span": [56, 56], "content_span": [57, 181]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077816-0001-0000", "contents": "195th Combined Arms Brigade (People's Republic of China)\nOriginally designated the 195th Mechanized Infantry Brigade (Chinese: \u673a\u68b0\u5316\u6b65\u5175\u7b2c195\u65c5), it was formed on November 26, 2011 from the 1st Armored Division being split. The brigade was then a part of the 65th Army. Since its inception, the brigade was converted to a dedicated opposing force unit.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 56], "section_span": [56, 56], "content_span": [57, 346]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077816-0002-0000", "contents": "195th Combined Arms Brigade (People's Republic of China)\nIn late 2013 the brigade was transferred to the control of the Beijing Military Region. From May 2014 to September 2015, the brigade fought 33 simulated battles with other brigades and divisions of the PLA ground force at Zhurihe Combined Arms Tactics Training Center, with 32 wins and 1 loss. In April 2017 the brigade was redesignated as the 195th Heavy Combined Arms Brigade.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 56], "section_span": [56, 56], "content_span": [57, 435]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077817-0000-0000", "contents": "195th Division (People's Republic of China)\nThe 195th Army Division (Chinese: \u9646\u519b\u7b2c195\u5e08)(2nd Formation) was created in December 1969 basing on the 4th Engineer District, Engineer Troops of Beijing Military Region.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 43], "section_span": [43, 43], "content_span": [44, 211]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077817-0001-0000", "contents": "195th Division (People's Republic of China)\nThe division was part of 65th Army Corps. By then the division was composed of:", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 43], "section_span": [43, 43], "content_span": [44, 123]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077817-0002-0000", "contents": "195th Division (People's Republic of China)\nThe division was disbanded in 1985 and re-organized as Tank Brigade, 65th Army. In 1998 it renamed as Armored Brigade, 65th Army. In 2003 the brigade was disbanded and replaced by 1st Armored Division.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 43], "section_span": [43, 43], "content_span": [44, 245]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077818-0000-0000", "contents": "195th Fighter Squadron\nThe 195th Fighter Squadron (195 FS) is a unit of the Arizona Air National Guard 162d Fighter Wing located at Tucson Air National Guard Base, Arizona. The 195th is equipped with the F-16 Fighting Falcon.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [22, 22], "content_span": [23, 225]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077818-0001-0000", "contents": "195th Fighter Squadron, History, World War II\nFormed at Westover Field, Massachusetts in August 1943. During World War II the 410th Fighter Squadron was assigned to the European Theater of Operations (ETO), Ninth Air Force in Western Europe. It was equipped with P-47 Thunderbolts.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [24, 45], "content_span": [46, 281]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077818-0002-0000", "contents": "195th Fighter Squadron, History, World War II\nThe 410th flew its first combat mission on 8 May 1944, a fighter sweep over Normandy. It then took part in preinvasion activities, e.g., escorting B-26 Marauders to attack airdromes, bridges and railroads in Occupied France. The squadron patrolled the air over the beachhead when the Allies launched the Normandy invasion on 6 June 1944, and hit troops, tanks, roads, fuel depots and other targets in the assault area until the end of the month.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [24, 45], "content_span": [46, 491]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077818-0003-0000", "contents": "195th Fighter Squadron, History, World War II\nThe 410th moved to the Continent in July 1944 where it struck railroads, hangars, boxcars, warehouses and other objectives to prevent reinforcements from reaching the front at St. Lo, where the Allies broke through on 25 July 1944. The squadron bombed such targets as troops in the Falaise-Argentan area in August 1944. During the Battle of the Bulge, December 1944 \u2013 January 1945, the 410th concentrated on the destruction of bridges, marshalling yards and highways. It flew reconnaissance missions to support ground operations in the Rhine Valley in March 1945, hitting airfields, motor transports, etc. The squadron continued tactical air operations until 4 May 1945.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [24, 45], "content_span": [46, 716]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077818-0004-0000", "contents": "195th Fighter Squadron, History, World War II\nReturned to the United States and prepared for transfer to the Pacific Theater during the Summer of 1945, the Japanese Capitulation in August led to the squadron's inactivation in November 1945.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [24, 45], "content_span": [46, 240]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077818-0005-0000", "contents": "195th Fighter Squadron, History, California Air National Guard\nThe wartime 410th Fighter Squadron was re-activated and re-designated as the 195th Fighter Squadron. It was allotted to the California Air National Guard, on 24 May 1946. It was organized at Van Nuys Airport, California on 16 September 1946. The 195th Fighter Squadron was entitled to the history, honors, and colors of the 410th. The squadron was equipped with F-51D Mustangs and was assigned to the 146th Fighter Group, also at Van Nuys Airport by the National Guard Bureau.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [24, 62], "content_span": [63, 539]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077818-0006-0000", "contents": "195th Fighter Squadron, History, California Air National Guard\nAs part of the Continental Air Command Fourth Air Force, the squadron trained for tactical fighter missions and air-to-air combat. The unit was called to active federal service on 1 March 1951 for duty in the Korean War. Its parent 146th FG was transferred to Moody AFB, Georgia, where it trained pilots for Air Training Command. The 195th FS, however, remained at Van Nuys Airport as part of the Air Defense Command 28th Air Division. It was released from active duty and returned to California state control on 11 December 1952.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [24, 62], "content_span": [63, 593]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077818-0007-0000", "contents": "195th Fighter Squadron, History, California Air National Guard\nAfter the Korean War, the squadron was equipped with the long-range F-51H Mustang and remained a part of Air Defense Command, in February 1954, it was equipped with F-86A Sabre jet interceptors. By July 1955 the transition from the F-51H Mustang to the F-86A Sabre was complete. The squadron was re-designated a Fighter Interceptor unit with an air defense mission for the Los Angeles area. During the 1950s, the squadron received newer F-86F Sabres in 1957 and later F-86H Sabre day interceptors in 1959.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [24, 62], "content_span": [63, 568]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077818-0008-0000", "contents": "195th Fighter Squadron, History, California Air National Guard\nIn 1960, the 146th FIG was reassigned to Military Air Transport Service, trading in its Sabre interceptors for 4-engines C-97 Stratofreighter transports. With air transportation recognized as a critical wartime need, the 146th was re-designated the 146th Air Transport Wing (Heavy). During the Berlin Crisis of 1961, both the Wing and squadron were federalized on 1 October 1961. From Van Nuys, the 195th augmented MATS airlift capability worldwide in support of the Air Force\u2019s needs. It returned again to California state control on 31 August 1962. Throughout the 1960s, the unit flew long-distance transport missions in support of Air Force requirements, frequently sending aircraft to Hawaii, Japan, the Philippines, and during the Vietnam War, to both South Vietnam, Okinawa and Thailand.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [24, 62], "content_span": [63, 856]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077818-0009-0000", "contents": "195th Fighter Squadron, History, California Air National Guard\nThe C-97s were retired in 1970 and the unit was transferred to Tactical Air Command. It transitioned to the C-130A Hercules theater transport, flying missions in support of TAC throughout the United States and Alaska. In 1973 the C-130A models were transferred to the Republic of Vietnam Air Force and they were replaced by the C-130B. During this period, both the 195th and its sister squadron, the 115th Tactical Airlift Squadron shared the same pool of aircraft.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [24, 62], "content_span": [63, 528]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077818-0010-0000", "contents": "195th Fighter Squadron, History, California Air National Guard\nWith the end of the Vietnam War, the California National Guard bureau decided to downsize the 146th Tactical Airlift Wing. With C-130s units being transferred to Military Airlift Command, the 195th TAS was inactivated on 30 September 1974. Its personnel, equipment and aircraft of the 195th TFS were reassigned to the 115th TAS.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [24, 62], "content_span": [63, 391]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077818-0011-0000", "contents": "195th Fighter Squadron, History, Arizona Air National Guard\nIn late 1983, the 195th designation was transferred from California to the Arizona Air National Guard. It was formed in January 1984 as the 195 Tactical Fighter Training Squadron and was extended federal recognition on 1 February. The mission of the unit was to train combat-ready pilots for the Air National Guard (Replacement Training Unit or RTU). The 195th TFTS was the second of eventually four squadrons assigned to the 162d Tactical Fighter Training Group at Tucson ANGB. It was equipped with the A-7D/K Corsair II. The squadron was the last of the RTUs in the A-7D aircraft.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [24, 59], "content_span": [60, 642]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077818-0012-0000", "contents": "195th Fighter Squadron, History, Arizona Air National Guard\nConversion from the A-7D/K started in 1991 when the 195th FS started to receive many older F-16A Block 5 aircraft from other USAF units. This mission remained after the conversion, but the older airframes were not quite suited to fulfill this mission. However, this transition was quite short-lived since the squadron had to disperse its airframes already a year later. With the A-7Ds being retired in 1992, the squadron became a strictly ground academic squadron with no aircraft assigned at the time.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [24, 59], "content_span": [60, 562]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077818-0013-0000", "contents": "195th Fighter Squadron, History, Arizona Air National Guard\nDuring the same period the ANG started with training foreign non-NATO pilots. Six aircraft from the 148th FTS were designated to begin a school for those students. This group of aircraft and an initial cadre of instructors formed what would later become IMT (International Military Training). The squadron had no official number or designation. In 1995 the ANG Staff decided to transfer this school into the 195th TFTS. Thus the squadron regained its aircraft and started flying again. This time these airframes were all F-16A block 15 models, giving the squadron a better opportunity in its task.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [24, 59], "content_span": [60, 657]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077818-0014-0000", "contents": "195th Fighter Squadron, History, Arizona Air National Guard\nIn 2006 the squadron started converting to F-16C block 25 airframes. As one of the last F-16A block 15 airframe squadrons within the ANG and the USAF all together, it was decided to mothball the latter completely. Therefore, the squadron started receiving newer block 25 airframes that were becoming available from other squadrons. The mission of the squadron stayed exactly the same, just being able to perform in a more modern manner with the added capabilities of the block 25 aircraft.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [24, 59], "content_span": [60, 549]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077819-0000-0000", "contents": "195th Infantry Division (German Empire)\nThe 195th Infantry Division (195. Infanterie-Division) was a formation of the Imperial German Army in World War I.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [39, 39], "content_span": [40, 154]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077820-0000-0000", "contents": "195th Infantry Regiment (United States)\nThe 195th Infantry Regiment is a regiment of the United States Army, New Hampshire Army National Guard. Today, it exists as a Regional Training Institute (RTI), and no longer takes part in maneuver operations.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [39, 39], "content_span": [40, 249]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077820-0001-0000", "contents": "195th Infantry Regiment (United States), History\nThe 195th Infantry Regiment was created in 1953, with the regimental coat of arms being approved on 30 October 1953. The regiment's origins come from artillery units that served on the Western Front of World War II. The regiment was redesignated as the 941st Armored Field Artillery Battalion on 7 February 1956. The 195th was reactivated on 20 June 1997, and was assigned to be the New Hampshire National Guard's RTI at Center Strafford. In 2017 the unit moved to a new headquarters in Pembroke, New Hampshire (the Edward Cross Training Complex). The unit provides many courses, including the Consolidated Faculty Development Instructor Course (CFDIC), Officer Candidate School (OCS), and the Quartermaster (92Y) Senior Leader Course.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 48], "content_span": [49, 784]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077821-0000-0000", "contents": "195th New York State Legislature\nThe 195th New York State Legislature, consisting of the New York State Senate and the New York State Assembly, met from January 8, 2003, to December 31, 2004, during the ninth and tenth years of George Pataki's governorship, in Albany.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [32, 32], "content_span": [33, 268]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077821-0001-0000", "contents": "195th New York State Legislature, State Senate, Senators\nThe asterisk (*) denotes members of the previous Legislature who continued in office as members of this Legislature. Betty Little and Joseph Robach changed from the Assembly to the Senate at the beginning of this legislature.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 56], "content_span": [57, 282]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077821-0002-0000", "contents": "195th New York State Legislature, State Senate, Senators\nNote: For brevity, the chairmanships omit the words \"...the Committee on (the)...\"", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 56], "content_span": [57, 139]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077821-0003-0000", "contents": "195th New York State Legislature, State Senate, Assembly members\nThe asterisk (*) denotes members of the previous Legislature who continued in office as members of this Legislature.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 64], "content_span": [65, 181]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077821-0004-0000", "contents": "195th New York State Legislature, State Senate, Assembly members\nNote: For brevity, the chairmanships omit the words \"...the Committee on (the)...\"", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 64], "content_span": [65, 147]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077822-0000-0000", "contents": "195th Ohio Infantry Regiment\nThe 195th Ohio Infantry Regiment, sometimes 195th Ohio Volunteer Infantry (or 195th OVI) was an infantry regiment in the Union Army during the American Civil War.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [28, 28], "content_span": [29, 191]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077822-0001-0000", "contents": "195th Ohio Infantry Regiment, Service\nThe 195th Ohio Infantry was organized at Camp Chase in Columbus, Ohio, and mustered in March 14 through March 20, 1865, for one year service under the command of Colonel Henry Blackstone Banning.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 37], "content_span": [38, 233]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077822-0002-0000", "contents": "195th Ohio Infantry Regiment, Service\nThe regiment left Ohio for Harpers Ferry, West Virginia, March 22\u201325; then to Winchester, Virginia, and was assigned to Brooks' Provisional Division, Army of the Shenandoah. Ordered to Alexandria, Virginia, April 28 and served provost duty there until December.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 37], "content_span": [38, 299]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077822-0003-0000", "contents": "195th Ohio Infantry Regiment, Service\nThe 195th Ohio Infantry mustered out of service December 18, 1865, at Alexandria, Virginia.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 37], "content_span": [38, 129]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077822-0004-0000", "contents": "195th Ohio Infantry Regiment, Casualties\nThe regiment lost a total of 32 enlisted men during service, all due to disease.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 40], "content_span": [41, 121]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077823-0000-0000", "contents": "195th Wing\nThe 195th Wing is a unit of the California Air National Guard, stationed at Beale Air Force Base, California. If mobilized, the wing would be assigned to Air Force Space Command. It comprises seven subordinate units at five locations throughout the state. The 195th controls all non-flying, non-kinetic  operations for the California Air National Guard. The wing was activated as the headquarters for California Air National Guard space, cyber, and intelligence, surveillance & reconnaissance units.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 10], "section_span": [10, 10], "content_span": [11, 510]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077823-0001-0000", "contents": "195th Wing\nFrom 1970 through 1974, the wing flew Lockheed C-130 Hercules aircraft from Van Nuys Air National Guard Base as the 195th Tactical Airlift Group.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 10], "section_span": [10, 10], "content_span": [11, 156]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077823-0002-0000", "contents": "195th Wing\nToday the wing's mission is to train, deploy and employ its airmen and assets to deliver integrated space, cyber, and intelligence, surveillance & reconnaissance capabilities to the Combatant Commands and the Governor of California.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 10], "section_span": [10, 10], "content_span": [11, 243]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077823-0003-0000", "contents": "195th Wing, History, Airlift group\nThe 195th Tactical Airlift Group was formed as the headquarters for the 195th Tactical Airlift Squadron in 1971 Van Nuys Air National Guard Base and was initially equipped with the Lockheed C-130A Hercules. In 1973, the group upgraded to the C-130B model of the Hercules. As the Vietnam War wound down, the demand for airlift decreased and the 146th Tactical Airlift Wing was reduced in size by inactivating the 195th Group and its components on 30 September 1974. The group's personnel, equipment and aircraft were reassigned to other units of the 146th Wing.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 10], "section_span": [12, 34], "content_span": [35, 595]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077823-0004-0000", "contents": "195th Wing, History, Composite wing\nIn August 2015, the California Air National Guard announced that it was forming a new wing to manage its military intelligence, space, cyber and combat communications missions. The core of the new wing would be the 162d Combat Communications Group, which would be inactivated when the wing stood up. Preparations for establishing the wing went back as far as 2001, when the 162d Group added units whose mission complemented its core combat communications mission.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 10], "section_span": [12, 35], "content_span": [36, 499]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077824-0000-0000", "contents": "196\nYear 196 (CXCVI) was a leap year starting on Thursday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar. At the time, it was known as the Year of the Consulship of Dexter and Messalla (or, less frequently, year 949 Ab urbe condita). The denomination 196 for this year has been used since the early medieval period, when the Anno Domini calendar era became the prevalent method in Europe for naming years.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 3], "section_span": [3, 3], "content_span": [4, 419]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077825-0000-0000", "contents": "196 (number)\n196 (one hundred [and] ninety-six) is the natural number following 195 and preceding 197.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 12], "section_span": [12, 12], "content_span": [13, 102]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077825-0001-0000", "contents": "196 (number), In mathematics\nThere are 196 one-sided heptominoes, the polyominoes made from 7 squares.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 12], "section_span": [14, 28], "content_span": [29, 102]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077825-0002-0000", "contents": "196 (number), In mathematics, Possible Lychrel number\nA Lychrel number is a natural number which cannot form a palindromic number through the iterative process of repeatedly reversing its digits and adding the resulting numbers. 196 is the lowest number conjectured to be a Lychrel number in base 10; the process has been carried out for over a billion iterations without finding a palindrome, but no one has ever proven that it will never produce one.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 12], "section_span": [14, 53], "content_span": [54, 452]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077825-0003-0000", "contents": "196 (number), In mathematics, Possible Lychrel number\nWith the exceptions of 887 and 1675, all terms of the 196 trajectory are divisible by 11.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 12], "section_span": [14, 53], "content_span": [54, 143]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077826-0000-0000", "contents": "196 BC\nYear 196 BC was a year of the pre-Julian Roman calendar. At the time it was known as the Year of the Consulship of Purpureo and Marcellus (or, less frequently, year 558 Ab urbe condita). The denomination 196 BC for this year has been used since the early medieval period, when the Anno Domini calendar era became the prevalent method in Europe for naming years.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 6], "section_span": [6, 6], "content_span": [7, 368]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077827-0000-0000", "contents": "196 Philomela\n196 Philomela is a large and bright main-belt asteroid. It is an S-type asteroid.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 13], "section_span": [13, 13], "content_span": [14, 95]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077827-0001-0000", "contents": "196 Philomela\nIt was discovered by C. H. F. Peters on May 14, 1879, in Clinton, New York and named after Philomela, the woman who became a nightingale in Greek mythology.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 13], "section_span": [13, 13], "content_span": [14, 170]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077827-0002-0000", "contents": "196 Philomela\nIn the late 1990s, a network of astronomers worldwide gathered light curve data that was ultimately used to derive the spin states and shape models of 10 new asteroids, including 196 Philomela. The shape model for this asteroid is described as asymmetrical and smooth, while the light curve varies by up to 0.4 in magnitude.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 13], "section_span": [13, 13], "content_span": [14, 338]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077827-0003-0000", "contents": "196 Philomela\nTo date there have been two reported Philomelian stellar occultations.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 13], "section_span": [13, 13], "content_span": [14, 84]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077828-0000-0000", "contents": "1960\n1960 (MCMLX) was a leap year starting on Friday of the Gregorian calendar, the 1960th year of the Common Era (CE) and Anno Domini (AD) designations, the 960th  year of the 2nd\u00a0millennium, the 60th  year of the 20th\u00a0century, and the  1st   year of the 1960s decade.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 4], "section_span": [4, 4], "content_span": [5, 269]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077828-0001-0000", "contents": "1960\nIt is also known as the \"Year of Africa\" because of major events\u2014particularly the independence of seventeen African nations\u2014that focused global attention on the continent and intensified feelings of Pan-Africanism.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 4], "section_span": [4, 4], "content_span": [5, 219]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077829-0000-0000", "contents": "1960 1000 km Buenos Aires\nThe 1960 1000 km Buenos Aires took place on 31 January, on the Aut\u00f3dromo Municipal-Avenida Paz, (Buenos Aires, Argentina). It was the sixth running of the race, and after a year off, it returned to be the opening round of the F.I.A. World Sports Car Championship. However, this was to be last time to race was held until a non-championship race was held in 1970", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [25, 25], "content_span": [26, 387]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077829-0001-0000", "contents": "1960 1000 km Buenos Aires, Report, Entry\nA grand total of 28 racing cars were registered for this event, of which all 28 arrived for practice and 27 for qualifying for the race. As with previous races in Argentina, the race was poorly supported by the work of teams. Only Scuderia Ferrari and Porsche KG sent works cars from Europe. The Italian marque had entered three of the stunning Ferrari 250 TR 59/60 for Richie Ginther/Wolfgang von Trips, Phil Hill/Cliff Allison and Ludovico Scarfiotti/Jos\u00e9 Froil\u00e1n Gonz\u00e1lez. As for Porsche, they also entered three cars, their 718 RSK were piloted by Jo Bonnier/Graham Hill, Olivier Gendebien/Edgar Barth and Maurice Trintignant/Hans Herrmann", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [27, 40], "content_span": [41, 684]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077829-0002-0000", "contents": "1960 1000 km Buenos Aires, Report, Qualifying\nAfter a three-hour qualifying session held on the three days prior to the race, it was Phil Hill who took pole position for Scuderia Ferrari in their 250 TR.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [27, 45], "content_span": [46, 203]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077829-0003-0000", "contents": "1960 1000 km Buenos Aires, Report, Race\nThe race was held over 106 laps of the 5.888 mile, Aut\u00f3dromo Municipal-Avenida Paz, giving a distance of 624.162 miles (1,004.49\u00a0km). Due to the lack of opposition as the Porsches were racing in a different class, it was left to Ferrari to battle amongst themselves. Sadly, the race was overshadowed by the fatal accident involving the American, Harry Blanchard, whose Porsche 718 RSK had crashed on the first lap, overturned and hit several times by other cars.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [27, 39], "content_span": [40, 502]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077829-0004-0000", "contents": "1960 1000 km Buenos Aires, Report, Race\nIn the race, the Scuderia Ferrari of Hill and Allison, won ahead of their team-mates Ginther/von Trips. Car number 4, took an impressive victory, winning in a time of 6hrs 17:12.1 mins, averaging a speed of 99.283\u00a0mph. Second place went to the second Ferrari, albeit a lap adrift. The podium was complete by the S1.6 class winner, Bonnier/Hill who in return were a further four laps behind.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [27, 39], "content_span": [40, 430]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077829-0005-0000", "contents": "1960 1000 km Buenos Aires, Standings after the race\nChampionship points were awarded for the first six places in each race in the order of 8-6-4-3-2-1. Manufacturers were only awarded points for their highest finishing car with no points awarded for positions filled by additional cars. Only the best 3 results out of the 5 races could be retained by each manufacturer. Points earned but not counted towards the championship totals are listed within brackets in the above table.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [27, 51], "content_span": [52, 478]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077830-0000-0000", "contents": "1960 1000 km N\u00fcrburgring\nThe VI. Internationales ADAC 1000 Kilometer Rennen took place on 22 May, on the N\u00fcrburgring Nordschleife, (West Germany). It was the fourth round of the F.I.A. World Sports Car Championship. This was also the third round of the FIA GT Cup.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [24, 24], "content_span": [25, 264]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077830-0001-0000", "contents": "1960 1000 km N\u00fcrburgring, Report, Entry\nA massive total of 85 racing cars were registered for this event, of which 73 arrived for practice and 67 started the long distance race on the 14.174 mile German circuit. David Brown won the event in 1957 and again in 1958 and 1959 but had withdrawn from Sports Car racing, leaving its lead driver, Stirling Moss without a works drive. He hope to complete his hat-trick of race wins on the Nordschleife, laid with the American outfit, Camoradi USA with their Maserati Tipo 61. As for championship leaders, Porsche, this was their home event arrived with two different cars; 356A and 718 RS 60 for their squad of drivers led by Olivier Gendebien and Jo Bonnier.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 39], "content_span": [40, 701]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077830-0002-0000", "contents": "1960 1000 km N\u00fcrburgring, Report, Entry\nScuderia Ferrari would head the Italian challenge. Ferrari had four works 250 TR 59/60s in the Eifel mountains, Cliff Allison, Willy Mairesse, Phil Hill and Wolfgang von Trips were amongst the squad of drivers. They were joined a fleet of privateer drivers in their Alfa Romeos, Porsche 356A Carreras Oscas and other mainline sports and GT cars.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 39], "content_span": [40, 385]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077830-0003-0000", "contents": "1960 1000 km N\u00fcrburgring, Report, Race\nWith each lap 14.189 miles in length, the race covered a total of 44 laps, or 1,004.739\u00a0km (624.316\u00a0mi), the Nordschleife was a fearsome thing to behold. A crowd of approximately 250,000 in attendance came to witness the race, despite a day of rain.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 38], "content_span": [39, 288]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077830-0004-0000", "contents": "1960 1000 km N\u00fcrburgring, Report, Race\nAs for the race, victory went to the Maserati Tipo 61 of Moss and Gurney, gaining the Englishman his third win in a row in the mountains. The winning partnership, won in a time of 7hr 31:40.5 mins., averaging a speed of 82.843\u00a0mph. The margin of triumph over the Porsche of Bonnier/Gendebein was 2 mins 52secs.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 38], "content_span": [39, 349]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077830-0005-0000", "contents": "1960 1000 km N\u00fcrburgring, Standings after the race, FIA World Sportscar Championship\nChampionship points were awarded for the first six places in each race in the order of 8-6-4-3-2-1. Manufacturers were only awarded points for their highest finishing car with no points awarded for positions filled by additional cars. Only the best 3 results out of the 5 races could be retained by each manufacturer. Points earned but not counted towards the championship totals are listed within brackets in the above table.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 84], "content_span": [85, 511]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077831-0000-0000", "contents": "1960 12 Hours of Sebring\nThe Tenth Annual Sebring International Grand Prix of Endurance for the Amoco Trophy took place on 26 March 1960, on the Sebring International Raceway, (Florida, United States). It was the second round of the F.I.A. World Sports Car Championship. This was also the second round of the F.I.A. GT Cup.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [24, 24], "content_span": [25, 323]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077831-0001-0000", "contents": "1960 12 Hours of Sebring, Report, Entry\nA massive total of 89 racing cars were registered for this event, of which 72 arrived for practice. Only these, 65 qualified for, and started the race. There was controversy surrounding the entry. The event promoter, Alec Ulmann had signed a deal with Amoco whereby they would be the fuel suppliers for the race. This prohibited any entrant from using any other brand of fuel.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 39], "content_span": [40, 416]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077831-0002-0000", "contents": "1960 12 Hours of Sebring, Report, Entry\nThis resulted in the works Ferrari and Porsche teams boycotting the event, as they had their own exclusive fuel arrangements with Shell Oil and British Petroleum (BP) respectively. However, these teams would still be represented in Florida. For Ferrari, their sent cars to Luigi Chinetti, who entered the cars under the North American Racing Team (NART) banner and thereby as a private entry and not bound by any agreement between Scuderia Ferrari and Shell. As for Porsche, they \u2018leased\u2019 two of their new RS 60 Spyders to the works driver, Jo Bonnier. Together with a number of Porsche drivers and mechanics who just happened to be holidaying in Florida at that time, volunteered they services to Bonnier for the event.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 39], "content_span": [40, 760]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077831-0003-0000", "contents": "1960 12 Hours of Sebring, Report, Entry\nThere was also controversy when the F.I.A. made last minute rules changes concerning the luggage compartments and windscreens on the Grand Touring (GT) cars. The FIA ruled that these cars should be racing closer the factory specifications than some actually where. This caused some problems for the smaller cars like the Oscas.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 39], "content_span": [40, 367]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077831-0004-0000", "contents": "1960 12 Hours of Sebring, Report, Qualifying\nAs was the normal for Sebring and because they was no qualifying sessions to set the grid, the starting positions were decided according to engine size with the 5.0 litre Chevrolet Corvette C1 of Briggs Cunningham and John Fitch being given first place.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 44], "content_span": [45, 298]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077831-0005-0000", "contents": "1960 12 Hours of Sebring, Report, Race\nMost of the 50,000 spectators expected Stirling Moss to win the race in his \u201dBirdcage\u201d Maserati Tipo 61, provided the car lasted the distance. Of the 65 cars that qualified, many looked strange due to the hasty modifications placed on them with the new F.I.A. regulations.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 38], "content_span": [39, 311]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077831-0006-0000", "contents": "1960 12 Hours of Sebring, Report, Race\nMoss had a bad start due to his Maserati having problems starting and pulled away in 23rd place, but by the second lap, the Englishman was up the second behind the early leader, the Ferrari of Pete Lovely. He would pass Lovely on the next lap.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 38], "content_span": [39, 282]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077831-0007-0000", "contents": "1960 12 Hours of Sebring, Report, Race\nOn lap five, a tragic accident occurred at the hairpin. The Lotus Elite being driven by Jim Hughes suffered a brake failure and headed for the escape road, only to found a photographer standing here, complete with tripod. Hughes tried to avoid him, but rolled his little Lotus, striking the photographer and killing them both.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 38], "content_span": [39, 365]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077831-0008-0000", "contents": "1960 12 Hours of Sebring, Report, Race\nAt the end of the first hour, Moss, partnered by Dan Gurney were leading from another Birdcage T61 of Walt Hansgen and Ed Crawford. The first of the NART Ferraris was in third, driven by Richie Ginther and Chuck Daigh. By the start of the \u2018lunch\u2019 hour, the Ferrari had moved into second.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 38], "content_span": [39, 326]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077831-0009-0000", "contents": "1960 12 Hours of Sebring, Report, Race\nOn lap 84, the Porsche of Graham Hill parked up with a rod through the engine block, while around the same time, the Ginther/Daigh Ferrari pitted with steam pouring from under the bonnet. Shortly after, the T61 of Crawford ran wide at the hairpin and got struck in the sandbank. Crawford proceeded to dig his car free using his hands, taking almost two hours to do so. Despite their problems, the Ginther/Daigh Ferarri was still in second at the halfway point, albeit lapping 3\u00a0mph slower than Moss/Gurney. Now in third was the little Porsche of Hans Herrmann and Olivier Gendebien.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 38], "content_span": [39, 621]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077831-0010-0000", "contents": "1960 12 Hours of Sebring, Report, Race\nAfter completing 123 laps, the Ginther/Daigh Ferrari was withdrawn as it was leaking water and oil. Just 13 laps later, and the leaders were also out, retiring with transmission failure. With 3\u00bd hours to run, the Herrmann/Gendebien Porsche found itself firmly in the lead with another Porsche in second, being piloted by Bob Holbert and Roy Schechter.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 38], "content_span": [39, 390]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077831-0011-0000", "contents": "1960 12 Hours of Sebring, Report, Race\nAfter 12 hours of racing, the Bonnier entered Porsche of Herrmann and Gendebien, won ahead of the similar Brumos Porsche of Holbert and Schechter. Car number 42, took an impressive victory, completing 196 laps, covering 1,019.2 miles after 12 hours of racing, averaging a speed of 84.927\u00a0mph. Second place went to the second Porsche, albeit nine lap adrift. The podium was complete by the Ferrari of Lovely and Jack Nethercutt who were a further lap behind.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 38], "content_span": [39, 496]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077831-0012-0000", "contents": "1960 12 Hours of Sebring, Standings after the race, FIA World Sportscar Championship\nChampionship points were awarded for the first six places in each race in the order of 8-6-4-3-2-1. Manufacturers were only awarded points for their highest finishing car with no points awarded for positions filled by additional cars. Only the best 3 results out of the 5 races could be retained by each manufacturer. Points earned but not counted towards the championship totals are listed within brackets in the above table.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 84], "content_span": [85, 511]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077832-0000-0000", "contents": "1960 24 Hours of Le Mans\nThe 1960 24 Hours of Le Mans was the 28th 24 Hours of Le Mans Grand Prix of Endurance, and took place on 25 and 26 June 1960, on Circuit de la Sarthe. It was the fifth and final round of the F.I.A. World Sports Car Championship as well as being the fifth round of the inaugural FIA GT Cup. It was held just a week after the tragic Belgian F1 GP in which four drivers, including Stirling Moss were either killed or seriously injured. The prospect of a duel between the 3-litre (180\u00a0cu\u00a0in) Ferrari versus the 2-litre (120\u00a0cu\u00a0in) Porsche championship-leaders was enough to draw large crowds to the 24 Hours race and some 200,000 spectators had gathered for Europe's classic sports car race, around the 13.5\u00a0km (8.4\u00a0mi) course.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [24, 24], "content_span": [25, 748]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077832-0001-0000", "contents": "1960 24 Hours of Le Mans\nFaced with a must-win result to take the World Championship, Ferrari came well-prepared and with 13 entries, from the works and privateer teams. Their main competition would come from Maserati and the British teams, although American Corvettes also made an appearance in the GT-category. The race was barely three hours old when torrential rain hit the circuit causing a number of accidents and issues as water got into the engines. More and more rivals fell away through the night leaving Ferrari to dominate the race.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [24, 24], "content_span": [25, 544]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077832-0001-0001", "contents": "1960 24 Hours of Le Mans\nIn the end its Sports and GT cars taking 7 of the top 8 places, with only the Aston Martin of the Scottish Border Reivers team in 3rd breaking the sequence. Belgian Olivier Gendebien got his second victory, this time with his countryman, sports journalist/racing-driver, Paul Fr\u00e8re in the works car. Through fast, but reliable, driving they were never seriously threatened, finishing four laps and over 50km ahead of the second-placed Ferrari.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [24, 24], "content_span": [25, 468]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077832-0002-0000", "contents": "1960 24 Hours of Le Mans, Regulations\nAfter its overhaul of the GT classes in its Appendix J regulations, the CSI (Commission Sportive Internationale - the FIA\u2019s regulations body) looked at retro-fitting them to the Appendix C rules for Sports Cars.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 37], "content_span": [38, 249]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077832-0003-0000", "contents": "1960 24 Hours of Le Mans, Regulations\nThere were fourteen classes based on engine capacity (with a maximum of 5 litres (310\u00a0cu\u00a0in) although the World Championship was only open to a 3-litre (180\u00a0cu\u00a0in) maximum) with corresponding set fuel tank sizes. But it was the minimum height and width of widescreens (based on those of GT cars) that caused controversy and after the first round in Argentina a number of senior drivers had protested about the danger in poor weather. There were also new provisions for minimum luggage space, carrying the spare wheel inboard, a minimum ground clearance of 120\u00a0mm (4.7\u00a0in) and a maximum turning-circle of 13.5 metres (44\u00a0ft).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 37], "content_span": [38, 662]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077832-0004-0000", "contents": "1960 24 Hours of Le Mans, Regulations\nGT cars had to be at least 1,000\u00a0cc (61\u00a0cu\u00a0in) and needed a minimum of 100 cars manufactured within 12 months. Although some bodywork changes could be done the net weight could not change by more than 5%.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 37], "content_span": [38, 242]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077832-0005-0000", "contents": "1960 24 Hours of Le Mans, Regulations\nWith the new fuel-tank sizes, the Automobile Club de l'Ouest (ACO) dropped the minimum distance between fuel refills but kept the 25-lap limit for the other fluids. The maximum single-stint for a driver was increased to 52 laps (about 4 hours), although the total driver time was still 14 hours. To be classified, cars had to complete the last lap in less than 30 minutes, and stay within 20% of their nominated Index distance at every 6 hour interval.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 37], "content_span": [38, 490]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077832-0006-0000", "contents": "1960 24 Hours of Le Mans, Regulations\nTo promote their new Index of Thermal Efficiency fuel-economy competition, this year the ACO increased the prize money at the expense of the older Index of Performance. After the 1960 currency devaluation, the winner's purse was now 30000 New Francs (about \u00a36750 equivalent at the time) and 2000 New Francs respectively (and 50000 New Frances for the overall distance winner). The Index calculations were also tweaked slightly to account for the bigger windscreens reducing top speeds.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 37], "content_span": [38, 523]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077832-0007-0000", "contents": "1960 24 Hours of Le Mans, Entries\nThe ACO received 72 entries for the event, of which only 58 were allowed to practice trying to qualify for the 55 places on the grid (increasing by one from the 54 of previous years). Official \u2018works\u2019 entries numbered 27, but a number of companies gave strong support to their customer teams. Going into the last race of the championship both Scuderia Ferrari and Porsche arrived with 4-car teams.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 33], "content_span": [34, 431]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077832-0008-0000", "contents": "1960 24 Hours of Le Mans, Entries\nWith last year's winner Aston Martin having withdrawn from sports car racing to concentrate on Formula One, Ferrari were once again favourites, even though they had only won the opening round of the championship in Argentina and were trailing Porsche in the championship standings. Four works cars arrived: two were updated Testarossas and two were the new TRI chassis with independent suspension. Driving the updated TR59/60s this year the experienced pairing of Gendebien & Phil Hill were split up.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 33], "content_span": [34, 534]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077832-0008-0001", "contents": "1960 24 Hours of Le Mans, Entries\nBelgian Gendebien was paired with compatriot Paul Fr\u00e8re (who had been second in 1959 for Aston Martin), while Hill was driving with fellow Ferrari F1 team-member Wolfgang von Trips. One of the newer TRIs were driven by the other Scuderia F1 drivers Willy Mairesse/Richie Ginther and the second by youngsters Ludovico Scarfiotti/ Ricardo Rodr\u00edguez. A 1959-model Testarossa was also run by Luigi Chinetti\u2019s North American Racing Team (NART), driven by the older Rodriguez brother, Pedro and Andr\u00e9 Pilette.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 33], "content_span": [34, 537]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077832-0009-0000", "contents": "1960 24 Hours of Le Mans, Entries\nEven though the company was still having financial difficulties, this year marked the successful return of Maserati to sports car racing with the highly competitive Tipo 61 \u2018Birdcage\u2019, raced by American Lloyd Casner's Camoradi Racing Team. The new team, sponsored by Goodyear tyres, had just caused an upset winning the previous race in the championship at the N\u00fcrburgring. Three cars were entered, driven by Casner himself with Jim Jeffords, Gino Munaron/Giorgio Scarlatti, while Masten Gregory and Chuck Daigh drove the updated original prototype.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 33], "content_span": [34, 583]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077832-0009-0001", "contents": "1960 24 Hours of Le Mans, Entries\nDesigner Giulio Alfieri had carefully interpreted the CSI windscreen rules which specified a height but not an angle. So with a windscreen almost half the length of the car, it was very aerodynamic and very fast \u2013 reaching 170\u00a0mph (275\u00a0km/h) on the Mulsanne straight, compared to the Testarossa's 160\u00a0mph (255\u00a0km/h).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 33], "content_span": [34, 350]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077832-0010-0000", "contents": "1960 24 Hours of Le Mans, Entries\nThis year there were four British cars in the premier class. Ecurie Ecosse entered the 6-year old D-Type that had finished 2nd in 1957, modified with an enlarged windscreen and luggage hump, detracting from its formerly elegant lines. It was driven by Ron Flockhart and Bruce Halford. Their local rivals, Jock McBain's Border Reivers team ran an equally modified Aston Martin DBR, with the previous year's winner Roy Salvadori this year partnered with rising star Jim Clark. The Aston Martin that won that race had been bought by Ian Baillie, a Major in the Grenadier Guards who had Jack Fairman as co-driver.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 33], "content_span": [34, 643]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077832-0011-0000", "contents": "1960 24 Hours of Le Mans, Entries\nThe other British car caused a sensation and marked a welcome return to Le Mans for American Briggs Cunningham. Jaguar Cars had worked with Cunningham, their New York dealer, to prepare one of their new E-type prototypes for competition. The 3-litre XK-engine developed 290\u00a0bhp (against the Testarossa's 300\u00a0bhp) giving a top speed of 158\u00a0mph (254\u00a0km/h). Americans Dan Gurney and Walt Hansgen were the drivers.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 33], "content_span": [34, 444]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077832-0012-0000", "contents": "1960 24 Hours of Le Mans, Entries\nAfter two outright wins (at Sebring and the Targa Florio) Porsche came to Le Mans as leaders of the Championship with its new RS60 variant. But with a top speed of only 145\u00a0mph (235\u00a0kp/h) they would be no match for the bigger cars on the long straight. Working with the new rules, they fitted two cars with special 1606cc engines (generating 180\u00a0bhp) to put them into the 2-litre category with the consequent bigger fuel tank. They were also the only team to fit wipers on both the inside and outside of the windscreens. This year the works cars were driven by Jo Bonnier/Graham Hill and Hans Herrmann/ Maurice Trintignant. Edgar Barth / Wolfgang Seidel drove the regular RS60, supported again by the two privateer entries from Carel Godin de Beaufort and Jean Kerguen.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 33], "content_span": [34, 803]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077832-0013-0000", "contents": "1960 24 Hours of Le Mans, Entries\nTriumph returned to take on the Porsches with their TRS prototype of the upcoming TR4, led once again by former winner Ninian Sanderson. The privateer MG that raced the previous year also returned. In the smaller classes there were single entries from Alfa Romeo and the new Lola company competing in the S-1150 class. The Lola Mk 1 was fitted with the Coventry Climax FWA engine, developing 90\u00a0bhp. It was also the lightest car in the field, only 567\u00a0kg (1,250\u00a0lb)", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 33], "content_span": [34, 499]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077832-0014-0000", "contents": "1960 24 Hours of Le Mans, Entries\nIn the next class down, S-1000, two works DB-Panhards would vie with Austin-Healey returning to the circuit with their new Sprite. In the busy smallest class there were eleven entries including four DB-Panhards, as well as Stanguellini, OSCA and a trio of cars from Fiat performance-specialists Abarth. Reflecting changing times, the six DB-Panhard sports were the only French cars in the field this year.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 33], "content_span": [34, 439]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077832-0015-0000", "contents": "1960 24 Hours of Le Mans, Entries\nThere were 22 entries in the GT classes. The largest cars in the race were four 4.6-litre (280\u00a0cu\u00a0in) V8 Chevrolet Corvettes after a good showing at Sebring. The Rochester smallblock engine generated over 300\u00a0bhp and got up to 150\u00a0mph (240\u00a0km/h). Stopping the heavy cars would be an issue and many thought they would suffer from brake problems on the tight corners like at the end of the long Mulsanne Straight. Three were entered by Briggs Cunningham, returning to Le Mans after five years away. He drove one with Bill Kimberly, with the others by Dick Thompson/Fred Windridge and Cunningham team-regular John Fitch/Bob Grossman. The fourth Corvette was entered by the Camoradi team.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 33], "content_span": [34, 718]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077832-0016-0000", "contents": "1960 24 Hours of Le Mans, Entries\nUp against them was a squadron of eight Ferrari 250 GT Berlinettas. Forghieri's new short-wheelbase variant had just been homologated on raceweek. The V12 3-litre engine produced 280\u00a0bhp with a top speed of 160\u00a0mph (255\u00a0km/h). Three were entered by Chinetti's NART, two more by the Belgian Ecurie Francorchamps and Equipe Nationale Belge. There were also entries from the new Italian Scuderia Serenissima, Graham Whitehead (changing from running Jaguar and Aston Martin) and Le Mans local Fernand Tavano who had only received his car at the start of the week.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 33], "content_span": [34, 593]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077832-0017-0000", "contents": "1960 24 Hours of Le Mans, Entries\nLotus dominated the middle categories with the five Elites. One of the three works cars had been given the 2-litre (120\u00a0cu\u00a0in) FPF Climax engine to enter the GT-2000 class against a pair of privateer AC Aces. Porsche entered a new coup\u00e9 version of the 356, styled by Abarth and capable of over 140\u00a0mph (225\u00a0km/h). It would be driven by Herbert Linge and Heini Walter.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 33], "content_span": [34, 401]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077832-0018-0000", "contents": "1960 24 Hours of Le Mans, Practice\nAfter the success last year, the ACO was again able to close the public roads on 9 April. Fourteen cars took advantage of the 10 hours of extended testing time.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 34], "content_span": [35, 195]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077832-0019-0000", "contents": "1960 24 Hours of Le Mans, Practice\nOfficial qualifying was held over two sessions for a total of 540 minutes over the two days and there were two major accidents. On Wednesday evening after having just done a fast qualifying lap, Dan Gurney in his Jaguar E2A collided at 150\u00a0mph (240\u00a0km/h) with Fritz d\u2019Orey's Sc. Serenissima Ferrari GT. D\u2019Orey's car speared off the track and hit a roadside tree with such force that it broke the car in two. The young Brazilian suffered severe head injuries that kept him in hospital for 8 months. On Thursday, Jonathon Sieff's Team Lotus car had catastrophic suspension collapse while on the Mulsanne straight. He hit a small hut and the Marks & Spencer heir was badly injured. Out of caution, Lotus withdrew its 2-litre (120\u00a0cu\u00a0in) GT as it was fitted with the same suspension units.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 34], "content_span": [35, 820]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077832-0020-0000", "contents": "1960 24 Hours of Le Mans, Practice\nOn Friday, when the roads were public domain once again, the repaired Jaguar went out for test laps finding its handling was not perfect.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 34], "content_span": [35, 172]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077832-0021-0000", "contents": "1960 24 Hours of Le Mans, Race, Start\nWith no Stirling Moss at the race, it was the equally fleet-footed Jim Clark who was first away in his Aston Martin. But he was soon overtaken, firstly by Walt Hansgen in the Jaguar prototype, then the extremely fast Camoradi Maserati. After a delayed start Masten Gregory blasted past twenty cars to be leading at the end of the first lap. He set about building a considerable lead, getting out to 70 seconds at the end of an incident-free first hour. The five Testarossas, led by Gendebien, were 2nd through 6th, then came the Ecosse Jaguar, Scarlatti's Maserati and Tavano leading the GT classes ahead of Clark in 10th.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 37], "content_span": [38, 660]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077832-0022-0000", "contents": "1960 24 Hours of Le Mans, Race, Start\nBut it was as the first pit-stops were approaching that things started going wrong. The increased drag on the enlarged windscreens meant fuel consumption was increased. Two of the Ferraris, pushing hard to keep up with the Maserati were caught out and both von Trips and Scarlatti ran out of fuel ending up marooned out on the track on their 22nd lap. Gendebien was extremely lucky to run out just as he approached the pits, and coasted into his pit-box. Then when Gregory brought in the Maserati from the lead to refuel and change drivers the car refused to restart. They lost nearly an hour, and 11 laps, while the starter motor was replaced. Rejoining in 46th place they made up 17 places before soaked electrics put them out after midnight. Refueled, Fr\u00e8re, then Gendebien, took a lead they would never relinquish.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 37], "content_span": [38, 856]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077832-0023-0000", "contents": "1960 24 Hours of Le Mans, Race, Start\nGoing into the third hour it started to rain heavily, even hailing at times, creating havoc on the track. With the windscreens impossible to see through, many drivers pitted for cushions to allow them to see over the screens. Bill Kimberley had just taken over Cunningham's Corvette, sent out by his team manager on slick tyres when he aquaplaned off at Maison Blanche, rolled end-over-end twice then slid down the grass ending right side up. Fortunately Kimberly was unhurt.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 37], "content_span": [38, 513]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077832-0024-0000", "contents": "1960 24 Hours of Le Mans, Race, Start\nAt 8pm, after four hours, Gendebien and Fr\u00e8re had a lap's lead over the field. Gunther/Mairesse led the chase ahead of the NART Ferrari and Ecosse Jaguar then, a lap further back, the Aston Martin & Tavano leading the GT classes.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 37], "content_span": [38, 267]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077832-0025-0000", "contents": "1960 24 Hours of Le Mans, Race, Night\nGoing into the night, with the better handling Aston Martin, and superb car control, Clark and Salvadori were able to catch up and overtake the Ferraris, getting up to second place soon after 11pm. The rain then eased allowing the power of the Ferraris to come to bear again. At midnight, after 8 hours racing, Gendebien still led from Ginther/Mairesse, then the Aston Martin, Rodriguez\u2019 Ferrari and the Ecosse Jaguar. In 6th was Whitehead's Ferrari leading the GTs, chased by the Fitch/Grossman Corvette and the French & Belgian Ferrari GTs. In 10th was the first Porsche, of Barth/Seidel, with a handy lead over the rest of the smaller cars.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 37], "content_span": [38, 681]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077832-0026-0000", "contents": "1960 24 Hours of Le Mans, Race, Night\nThe final Maserati (Casner's own) retired with engine issues likely caused by debris from Casner's slip into the Tertre Rouge sand-trap. The E-type lost three laps at the start with fuel-injection issues, had fought back to the edge of the top-10, lost time with burnt pistons then retired with a blown head gasket after midnight.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 37], "content_span": [38, 368]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077832-0027-0000", "contents": "1960 24 Hours of Le Mans, Race, Night\nLater through the night Pedro Rodriguez put in very fast laps moving up from 5th to catch, pass and then lap Mairesse into second, only to lose it again when he was stopped for ten minutes to fix a misfire. The Ecosse Jaguar had been running third and fourth through the night until at dawn at 5.30am it came to a halt at Arnage with a broken camshaft. It was the end of the illustrious D-type story at Le Mans.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 37], "content_span": [38, 449]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077832-0028-0000", "contents": "1960 24 Hours of Le Mans, Race, Morning\nBy Sunday morning, the rain had cleared and the sun was shining. About 8.15am, with Gendebien/ Fr\u00e8re now holding a 5-lap lead, the Ginther/Mairesse Ferrari's gearbox gave up, handing second place back to the NART car, now well ahead of the Aston Martin. Through most of the race the Laureau/Armagnac DB had been leading the Index of Performance from the Guichet/Condriller Abarth, with one of the Porsches back in 3rd. The Porsches had been falling away through the night.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 39], "content_span": [40, 512]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077832-0028-0001", "contents": "1960 24 Hours of Le Mans, Race, Morning\nAfter being delayed at the start, the Hill/Bonnier car had got back up to 14th until it too was stopped with engine problems. It was the smaller car of Barth/Seidel that had been the best performer, getting up to 9th and mixing it with the Ferrari and Corvette GTs when it started getting gearbox problems.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 39], "content_span": [40, 346]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077832-0029-0000", "contents": "1960 24 Hours of Le Mans, Race, Morning\nThe Ferrari GTs had all been running strongly. The Whitehead/Taylor car, after initially leading the GT pack until midnight, had been chasing the French Ferrari of Tavano running in 4th. Then at 12.45 when Taylor was travelling at full speed down the Mulsanne straight the engine detonated with such force it blew the bonnet of the car.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 39], "content_span": [40, 376]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077832-0030-0000", "contents": "1960 24 Hours of Le Mans, Race, Finish and post-race\nWith the retirements, the remaining Corvette of Fitch/Grossman had moved up to 6th. Then with barely two hours Grossman came in with no water, well before the next fluid refill. Fetching ice from their VIP tent, the crew packed it around the engine instructing the driver to do 10-minute laps, attracting great attention from the crowd. Then the gearbox of the Barth Porsche lost three of it gears with a couple of hours to go. The team parked it up waiting for the last quarter-hour to make a fraught final lap. In the meantime it was overtaken by the Porsche GT that finished 10th.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 52], "content_span": [53, 636]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077832-0031-0000", "contents": "1960 24 Hours of Le Mans, Race, Finish and post-race\nOtherwise, the last part of the race was processional. The winning partnership of Gendebien and Fr\u00e8re, averaged a speed of 106.201\u00a0mph (170.914\u00a0km/h), and their winning margin over the second placed crew was four laps, driven by Ricardo Rodr\u00edguez and Andr\u00e9 Pilette. Coming home third, a further four laps adrift, was 1959 winner Roy Salvadori with Jim Clark in their Aston Martin, breaking up the Ferrari train. The Ferrari GTs followed up their 3-4-5-6 result in 1959 with a 4-5-6-7, forming up in a formation finish behind the leading Testarossas. The Corvette struggled on, finishing 8th, before the engine seized completely just after the finishing line. The other Aston Martin, despite leaking oil for most of the race they stayed consistent and finished 9th.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 52], "content_span": [53, 817]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077832-0032-0000", "contents": "1960 24 Hours of Le Mans, Race, Finish and post-race\nOnce again the bullet-proof Panhard-engined DBs performed very well, four of the five cars finishing. The 851\u00a0cc (51.9\u00a0cu\u00a0in) coup\u00e9 of Bouharde and Jaeger ran an impressive 32\u00a0mpg\u2011imp (8.8\u00a0L/100\u00a0km; 27\u00a0mpg\u2011US) fuel economy. The open-top spyder of Armagnac and Laureau comfortably won the Index of Performance going over 25% than its nominal distance. They were also the final winners of the Biennial Cup for best performance over consecutive years.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 52], "content_span": [53, 501]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077832-0033-0000", "contents": "1960 24 Hours of Le Mans, Race, Finish and post-race\nBut it was the two surviving Lotus Elites that carried off the Thermal Efficiency prize \u2013 the works car just beating the French privateer entry. The three Triumphs staged a formation finish, however after battling valve problems all race none could cover their mandatory distance and were not classified. British cars also won class trophies \u2013 the privateer MG was first 2-litre car home and the Austin-Healey Sprite beat the DBs in the 1-litre class.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 52], "content_span": [53, 504]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077832-0034-0000", "contents": "1960 24 Hours of Le Mans, Race, Finish and post-race\nA proud day for Belgium with three of the drivers in the first two cars coming from that country. The Belgian Prince de M\u00e9rode was the honorary starter in his role as President of the FIA, and on hand to congratulate his countrymen at the end of the race. Likewise the Belgian king sent telegrams of congratulations to the drivers. After this success, Paul Fr\u00e8re retired from racing, to resume his regular employment as a motoring journalist, and consultant on motor-racing regulations.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 52], "content_span": [53, 539]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077832-0035-0000", "contents": "1960 24 Hours of Le Mans, Official results, Finishers\nResults taken from Quentin Spurring's book, officially licensed by the ACOClass Winners are in Bold text.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 53], "content_span": [54, 159]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077832-0036-0000", "contents": "1960 24 Hours of Le Mans, Official results, Statistics\nTaken from Quentin Spurring's book, officially licensed by the ACO", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 54], "content_span": [55, 121]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077832-0037-0000", "contents": "1960 24 Hours of Le Mans, Official results, FIA World Sportscar Championship\nChampionship points were awarded for the first six places in each race in the order of 8-6-4-3-2-1. Manufacturers were only awarded points for their highest finishing car with no points awarded for additional cars finishing. Only the best 4 results out of the 6 races would be included for the final score. Points earned but not counted towards the championship are given in brackets.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 76], "content_span": [77, 461]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077833-0000-0000", "contents": "1960 ABC Championship\nThe 1960 Asian Basketball Confederation Championship for Men was held in Manila, Philippines.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [21, 21], "content_span": [22, 115]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077834-0000-0000", "contents": "1960 ACC Men's Basketball Tournament\nThe 1960 Atlantic Coast Conference Men's Basketball Tournament was held in Raleigh, North Carolina, at Reynolds Coliseum from March 3\u20135, 1960. Duke defeated Wake Forest, 63\u201359, to win their first ACC championship. Doug Kistler of Duke was named tournament MVP.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [36, 36], "content_span": [37, 297]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077835-0000-0000", "contents": "1960 AFC Asian Cup\nThe 1960 AFC Asian Cup was the 2nd edition of the men's AFC Asian Cup, a quadrennial international football tournament organised by the Asian Football Confederation (AFC). The finals were hosted by South Korea from 14 October to 23 October 1960. The final tournament was organised on a round robin basis, and host country South Korea won with a perfect record of three wins.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 18], "section_span": [18, 18], "content_span": [19, 393]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077835-0001-0000", "contents": "1960 AFC Asian Cup, Goalscorers\nWith four goals, Cho Yoon-Ok is the top scorer in the tournament. In total, 19 goals were scored by 13 different players, with none of them credited as own goal.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 18], "section_span": [20, 31], "content_span": [32, 193]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077836-0000-0000", "contents": "1960 AFC Asian Cup qualification\nThe qualification for the 1960 AFC Asian Cup consisted of 10 teams in three zones with the winners of each zone joining South Korea in the final tournament.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [32, 32], "content_span": [33, 189]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077836-0001-0000", "contents": "1960 AFC Asian Cup qualification, Zones\nBurma *\u00a0Cambodia *\u00a0Indonesia **\u00a0Malaysia\u00a0Singapore\u00a0South Vietnam\u00a0Thailand *", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 39], "content_span": [40, 115]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077836-0002-0000", "contents": "1960 AFC Asian Cup qualification, Zones\nAfghanistan *\u00a0Ceylon *\u00a0India\u00a0Iran\u00a0Israel\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0Nepal *\u00a0Pakistan", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 39], "content_span": [40, 99]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077837-0000-0000", "contents": "1960 AFC Asian Cup squads\nSquads for the 1960 AFC Asian Cup played in South Korea.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [25, 25], "content_span": [26, 82]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077840-0000-0000", "contents": "1960 Agadir earthquake\nThe 1960 Agadir earthquake occurred 29 February at 23:40 Western European Time near the city of Agadir, located in western Morocco on the shore of the Atlantic Ocean. Despite the earthquake's moderate Mw scale magnitude of 5.8, its relatively shallow depth (15.0\u00a0km) resulted in strong surface shaking, with a maximum perceived intensity of X (Extreme) on the Mercalli intensity scale. Between 12,000 and 15,000 people (about a third of the city's population of the time) were killed and another 12,000 injured with at least 35,000 people left homeless, making it the most destructive and deadliest earthquake in Moroccan history. Particularly hard hit were Founti, the Kasbah, Yachech (i\u1e25\u0161a\u0161) and the Talbordjt area. The earthquake's shallow focus, close proximity to the port city of Agadir, and unsatisfactory construction methods were all reasons declared by earthquake engineers and seismologists as to why it was so destructive.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [22, 22], "content_span": [23, 957]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077840-0001-0000", "contents": "1960 Agadir earthquake, Earthquake\nWhile the shock was recorded by seismographs around the world, few of these stations were close enough to the scene to locate the epicenter with high accuracy, but with what information was available the instrumental location was determined to have been 8 kilometers (5.0\u00a0mi) to the north-northwest of the Kasbah. Macroseismic observations (establishing the locations with the highest observed intensity) placed the epicenter about 1 kilometer (0.62\u00a0mi) north of Yachech. A sequence of minor foreshocks preceded the main event. The first shock occurred on 23 February with an intensity of III or IV (Weak to Light) and on the day of the disaster, a more significant foreshock with an intensity of VI (Strong) caused alarm around the lunchtime hour.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [24, 34], "content_span": [35, 783]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077840-0002-0000", "contents": "1960 Agadir earthquake, Earthquake\nThe mainshock took place on the third day of the Muslim observance of Ramadan, immediately collapsing many hotels, apartments, markets, and office buildings. Underground water mains broke and sewer systems crumbled. The Kasbah, a dilapidated fortress which had stood for centuries, crumbled on the side of a hill. With no water pressure and most fire stations having collapsed (killing their occupants) many fires were left burning in the resort city of Agadir with few firefighters and resources to fight them. With nearly seventy percent of the city in ruins, no rescue operations were able to be initiated or arranged from within Agadir. By morning the French army and sailors from the United States Sixth Fleet approached the coast, anchored, and prepared for the rescue process.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [24, 34], "content_span": [35, 818]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077840-0003-0000", "contents": "1960 Agadir earthquake, Earthquake\nBritish author Gavin Maxwell was staying in Morocco at the time of the disaster and his book The Rocks Remain opens with a vivid description drawn from his own experiences and those of others in the area, including important personages in the Moroccan government who numbered among his friends.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [24, 34], "content_span": [35, 329]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077840-0004-0000", "contents": "1960 Agadir earthquake, Earthquake, Response\nMohammed V broadcast a request that all cities of Morocco prepare and send aid. He and his son, Crown Prince Moulay Hassan, flew to the area along with several cabinet ministers to observe the impact firsthand. In his role as Imam, he gave special dispensation to rescue workers to set aside the requirement to abstain from food and drink during daylight in Ramadan, but many workers nevertheless continued to fast. Military planes from France and the United States flew into Agadir to assist with the relief effort. The Moroccan Army provided emergency aid and helicopters arrived from the Ben Guerir Air Base, around 100 miles away.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [24, 44], "content_span": [45, 679]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077840-0005-0000", "contents": "1960 Agadir earthquake, Earthquake, Response\nUpon arrival, Rear Admiral Frank Akers (commander of the U.S. fleet air arm in the eastern Atlantic and Mediterranean) toured the scene and reported that the Agadir hospital was in ruins. One of the many victims of the disaster was author and lawyer Robin Maugham. He was treated at a hospital in Casablanca for minor injuries he received while at the Saada resort when it collapsed \u2013 he had been trapped under a fallen beam for several hours. The city of Agadir was evacuated two days after the earthquake in order to avoid the spread of disease.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [24, 44], "content_span": [45, 592]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077840-0006-0000", "contents": "1960 Agadir earthquake, Earthquake, Response\nThe rescue work was hampered both by the level of destruction and by the weather \u2013 temperatures were unusually high for the time of year, reaching 104\u00a0\u00b0F (40\u00a0\u00b0C) in the shade. Rapid putrefaction of the thousands of corpses created a foul and unhealthy atmosphere, and adherence to the Ramadan fast caused further strain on rescue workers. Many victims also refused medical treatment, believing that to accept it would constitute breaking their fast.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [24, 44], "content_span": [45, 494]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077840-0006-0001", "contents": "1960 Agadir earthquake, Earthquake, Response\nRescue workers were equipped with gas masks, and quicklime was spread over areas where rescue was considered hopeless, to destroy the rotting corpses \u2013 the risk of killing buried survivors as well being accepted. Disinfectant and DDT were sprayed over the ruins from lorries and helicopters to control disease and kill the swarms of flies which were attracted to the scene. The ruins also became infested by rats from the destroyed sewer network and rat poison was spread to kill them; larger animals, such as stray dogs and cats which fed on the human corpses, were shot.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [24, 44], "content_span": [45, 617]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077840-0006-0002", "contents": "1960 Agadir earthquake, Earthquake, Response\nLooters were also attracted to the destruction; they were shot on sight and their bodies dumped in mass graves along with those of the victims. These measures were viewed as callous and brutal by those remote from the scene, but given the scale of the destruction and the rapid infestation of the ruins by potential carriers of disease, drastic measures were necessary in order to prevent still further loss of life from epidemic.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [24, 44], "content_span": [45, 475]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077840-0007-0000", "contents": "1960 Agadir earthquake, Earthquake, Damage\nConstruction in Agadir progressed rapidly between 1945 and 1955, with specific conditions that may have contributed to the high degree of destruction. Challenging designs were often undertaken with untrained workers, and a lack of good supervision was typical, along with an accelerated effort to finish the job. As there had been no serious earthquakes prior to 1960, construction in the city had been done without consideration of seismic activity. Masonry buildings of more than one story did not fare well, but reinforced concrete structures varied dramatically in their response.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [24, 42], "content_span": [43, 627]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077840-0007-0001", "contents": "1960 Agadir earthquake, Earthquake, Damage\nFor example, some of the highest of this type collapsed completely, while a good number of them resisted the shock well, and some others escaped damage altogether. In most cases of complete collapse, the design of the buildings lacked with respect to building regulations, as these were not a primary concern of the architects and inadequate enforcement of the ordinances was also a factor.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [24, 42], "content_span": [43, 433]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077840-0008-0000", "contents": "1960 Agadir earthquake, Earthquake, Damage\nMany quarters of the city consisted entirely of buildings constructed from rammed earth. These had essentially zero earthquake resistance and disintegrated completely into dust. In these areas rescue work was impossible and survival rates were negligible; for example, in the Talbourdjt area, out of 5,000 inhabitants fewer than ten survived.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [24, 42], "content_span": [43, 385]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077840-0009-0000", "contents": "1960 Agadir earthquake, Tsunami\nThe newspaper report on 2 March 1960 described how a tsunami was reported to have come ashore shortly after the earthquake, stating \"A tidal wave curled in across the white beaches and lanced 300 yards (270\u00a0m) into the town. The city dock was cut in two, a Spanish shipmaster radioed.\" A tsunami disaster was later refuted by a report from the American Iron and Steel Institute after a team of earthquake engineers, including Ray W. Clough from the University of California, Berkeley, surveyed the damage and building failures throughout the Agadir area in March 1960.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [24, 31], "content_span": [32, 600]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077840-0009-0001", "contents": "1960 Agadir earthquake, Tsunami\nThe report of their findings stated that the port facilities suffered damage due to fairly uniform subsidence in the harbor area that was responsible for knocking over five large cranes, but no evidence of nor any reliable witness to large waves was found, with the exception of a Dutch freighter crew who stated that large swells in the harbor did cause the separation of their mooring lines at the time of the earthquake. A report in a 1964 issue of the Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America also denied the existence of a destructive tsunami because of a lack of evidence from a nearby tide gauge.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [24, 31], "content_span": [32, 643]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077841-0000-0000", "contents": "1960 Air Force Falcons football team\nThe 1960 Air Force Falcons football team represented the United States Air Force Academy in the 1960 NCAA University Division football season as a University Division Independent. Led by third\u2013year head coach Ben Martin, the Falcons played their home games at DU Stadium in Denver, Colorado. They were outscored by their opponents 147\u2013178 and finished with a record of 4 wins and 6 losses (4\u20136).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [36, 36], "content_span": [37, 432]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077841-0001-0000", "contents": "1960 Air Force Falcons football team\nThis was the first year the Falcons played Navy, a 35\u20133 loss in mid-October at Memorial Stadium in Baltimore. Heisman Trophy winner Joe Bellino scored three first half touchdowns and also had an interception. The two academies met in even-numbered years (except 1962 and 1964) through 1971, and have played annually in the competition (with Army) for the Commander-in-Chief's Trophy, first awarded in 1972.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [36, 36], "content_span": [37, 443]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077842-0000-0000", "contents": "1960 Akron Zips football team\nThe 1960 Akron Zips football team represented Akron University in the 1960 NCAA College Division football season as a member of the Ohio Athletic Conference. Led by seventh-year head coach Joe McMullen, the Zips played their home games at the Rubber Bowl in Akron, Ohio. They finished the season with a record of 1\u20138 overall and 1\u20136 in OAC play. They were outscored by their opponents 70\u2013269.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [29, 29], "content_span": [30, 422]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077843-0000-0000", "contents": "1960 Alabama Crimson Tide football team\nThe 1960 Alabama Crimson Tide football team (variously \"Alabama\", \"UA\" or \"Bama\") represented the University of Alabama in the 1960 NCAA University Division football season. It was the Crimson Tide's 66th overall and 27th season as a member of the Southeastern Conference (SEC). The team was led by head coach Bear Bryant, in his third year, and played their home games at Denny Stadium in Tuscaloosa and Legion Field in Birmingham, Alabama. They finished with a record of eight wins, one loss and two ties (8\u20131\u20132 overall, 5\u20131\u20131 in the SEC) and with a tie against Texas in the Bluebonnet Bowl.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [39, 39], "content_span": [40, 633]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077843-0001-0000", "contents": "1960 Alabama Crimson Tide football team\nAfter Alabama upset Georgia in week one, they entered the polls for the first time at the No. 5 position for their game against Tulane. However, they tied the Green Wave and dropped to No. 15 prior to their win over Vanderbilt. The next week, Alabama was upset in Knoxville by Tennessee and as a result exited the polls. The Crimson Tide then proceeded to win all six of their regular season games that remained.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [39, 39], "content_span": [40, 452]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077843-0002-0000", "contents": "1960 Alabama Crimson Tide football team\nAfter a victories over Houston on homecoming and on the road at Mississippi State, Alabama scored their most points in a game since the 1952 season when they defeated Furman 51\u20130. After an unsuccessful bid to allow for a \"sudden death\" overtime period in the event of a tie in their game against Georgia Tech, Alabama defeated both the Yellow Jackets in Atlanta and Tampa at home prior to their victory over Auburn in the Iron Bowl. The Crimson Tide then closed the season with a tie against Texas in the Bluebonnet Bowl.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [39, 39], "content_span": [40, 561]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077843-0003-0000", "contents": "1960 Alabama Crimson Tide football team, Game summaries, Georgia\nTo open the 1960 season, the Crimson Tide scored 21 second quarter points en route to a 21\u20136 upset over the Georgia Bulldogs at Legion Field. After a scoreless first quarter, touchdowns were scored on a three-yard run by Tommy White and on runs of one and nine-yards by Bobby Skelton that made the halftime score 21\u20130. Alabama never relinquished the lead, but Georgia ended the shutout bid late in the fourth quarter when Fran Tarkenton threw a three-yard touchdown pass to Dan Davis that made the final score 21\u20136. The victory improved Alabama's all-time record against Georgia to 24\u201318\u20134.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 64], "content_span": [65, 655]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077843-0004-0000", "contents": "1960 Alabama Crimson Tide football team, Game summaries, Tulane\nAfter their upset victory over Georgia in their first game of the season, Alabama entered the polls for the first time of the season at the No. 5 position. In their first road game of the season, the Crimson Tide scored a touchdown in the final minute that prevented an upset by the Tulane Green Wave in this 6\u20136 tie at New Orleans. After a scoreless first quarter, Tulane took a 6\u20130 halftime lead after Tommy Mason scored on a three-yard touchdown run. Pat Trammell tied the game in the final minute with his four-yard touchdown run, but the game then ended in a tie after a failed extra point by the Crimson Tide. The tie brought Alabama's all-time record against Tulane to 18\u201310\u20133.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 63], "content_span": [64, 748]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077843-0005-0000", "contents": "1960 Alabama Crimson Tide football team, Game summaries, Vanderbilt\nAfter their tie against Tulane, Alabama dropped ten spots to the No. 15 position in the AP Poll prior to their game against Vanderbilt. In their game against the Commodores, the Crimson Tide rallied to a  21\u20130 victory after being held scoreless in the first half. Billy Richardson scored the first points of the game with his one-yard touchdown run in the third quarter. Later in the quarter, Alabama's lead was extended further to 9\u20130 after Charles Binkley snapped the ball over the head of Russell Morris on a punt attempt and out of the endzone for a safety.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 67], "content_span": [68, 629]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077843-0005-0001", "contents": "1960 Alabama Crimson Tide football team, Game summaries, Vanderbilt\nThe Crimson Tide then took the free kick that ensued 49-yards for a touchdown with the points made on a 36-yard Bobby Skelton touchdown pass to Norbie Ronsonet for a 15\u20130 lead. The last touchdown of the game came in the final minute of the fourth quarter when Bud Moore returned an interception 32-yards and made the final score 21\u20130. The victory improved Alabama's all-time record against Vanderbilt to 19\u201316\u20134.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 67], "content_span": [68, 480]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077843-0006-0000", "contents": "1960 Alabama Crimson Tide football team, Game summaries, Tennessee\nIn their annual rivalry game against Tennessee, early turnovers proved costly for the Crimson Tide in this 20\u20137 loss to the Volunteers at Knoxville. Ray Abruzzese fumbled the first play of the game for Alabama to set up the Vols' first score on an eight-yard Bill Majors touchdown pass to Charles Wyrick. Later in the first quarter, Tennessee took a 14\u20130 lead after a Tommy White fumble was recovered by Cotton Letner and returned 41-yards for a touchdown.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 66], "content_span": [67, 523]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077843-0006-0001", "contents": "1960 Alabama Crimson Tide football team, Game summaries, Tennessee\nAfter a three-yard Glenn Glass touchdown early in the second quarter made the Volunteers' lead 20\u20130, Alabama responded with their only points of the game on a 13-yard Laurien Stapp touchdown pass to Leon Fuller that made the final margin 20\u20136. The loss brought Alabama's all-time record against Tennessee to 18\u201319\u20136.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 66], "content_span": [67, 383]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077843-0007-0000", "contents": "1960 Alabama Crimson Tide football team, Game summaries, Houston\nA week after their first loss of the season at Tennessee, the Crimson Tide returned home and shutout the Houston Cougars 14\u20130 on homecoming in Tuscaloosa. Both Crimson Tide touchdowns were set up after Cougar turnovers gave them good field position. The first touchdown was set up after Lee Roy Jordan recovered a Charlie Rieves fumble at the Cougars' 31-yard line. Eight plays later Alabama led 7\u20130 after Laurien Stapp scored on a one-yard run. On the Houston drive that ensued, Billy Richardson intercepted a Don Sessions pass and returned it to the Cougars' 18-yard line. Four plays later Alabama scored what proved to be the final points of the game on a one-yard Richardson run. The victory improved Alabama's all-time record against Houston to 2\u20130.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 64], "content_span": [65, 819]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077843-0008-0000", "contents": "1960 Alabama Crimson Tide football team, Game summaries, Mississippi State\nOn homecoming in Starkville, Alabama scored their only touchdown in the first quarter and shutout the Mississippi State Maroons 7\u20130. The Crimson Tide scored the lone points of the game on their second offensive possession when Pat Trammell scored on an 18-yard touchdown run. The victory improved Alabama's all-time record against Mississippi State to 32\u201310\u20133.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 74], "content_span": [75, 435]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077843-0009-0000", "contents": "1960 Alabama Crimson Tide football team, Game summaries, Furman\nAgainst the Furman Paladins, Alabama scored their most points in a game since the 1953 Orange Bowl in this 51\u20130 victory at Denny Stadium. After Bobby Skelton threw and eight-yard touchdown pass to Butch Wilson in the first, he followed it with a three-yard touchdown pass to Richard O\u2019Dell in the second quarter. Pat Trammell then made the halftime score 21\u20130 with his one-yard run late in the half. After a one-yard Cotton Clark touchdown run extended the Alabama lead to 29\u20130 in the third, the Crimson Tide scored 22 fourth quarter points to win 51\u20130. Fourth quarter points were scored on a blocked punt for a safety, and touchdowns on a 62-yard Walter Cureton touchdown run, a 52-yard Laurien Stapp pass to Jerry Spruiell and a five-yard Stapp run. The victory improved Alabama's all-time record against Furman to 5\u20130.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 63], "content_span": [64, 885]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077843-0010-0000", "contents": "1960 Alabama Crimson Tide football team, Game summaries, Georgia Tech\nBehind a 24-yard game-winning Richard O\u2019Dell field goal with only six seconds left in the game, the Crimson Tide upset the Georgia Tech Yellow Jackets 16\u201315 at Grant Field. Tech dominated the first half and built a 15\u20130 halftime lead over Alabama. They scored on an eight-yard Jimmy Nail touchdown run, a 47-yard Thomas Wells field goal and on a three-yard Stanley Gann touchdown run. Alabama responded in the third quarter with a one-yard Leon Fuller touchdown run that cut the Jackets' lead to 15\u20136. The Crimson Tide then closed the game with a three-yard Bobby Skelton touchdown pass to Norbie Ronsonet and the 24-yard O'Dell field goal as time expired to win 16\u201315. The victory improved Alabama's all-time record against Georgia Tech to 21\u201318\u20133.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 69], "content_span": [70, 819]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077843-0011-0000", "contents": "1960 Alabama Crimson Tide football team, Game summaries, Georgia Tech\nIn the week that led into this game, Bear Bryant and Georgia Tech head coach Bobby Dodd agreed to make a request to then SEC commissioner Bernie Moore to allow for a \"sudden death\" overtime period in the event the game was tied at the end of regulation. At the time, it marked the first time that an overtime period was formally requested by college football teams. Ultimately, Moore denied the request and cited that as a conference he was unable to violate existing NCAA rules that specified only 60 minutes for football games.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 69], "content_span": [70, 599]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077843-0012-0000", "contents": "1960 Alabama Crimson Tide football team, Game summaries, Tampa\nAfter their upset over Georgia Tech, Alabama reentered the AP Poll at the No. 18 position in the week leading to their game against Tampa. In what was the first and only meeting against the Spartans, Alabama won 34\u20136 in the final Denny Stadium game of the season. The Crimson Tide took an 18\u20130 halftime lead after they scored three first half touchdowns. The first was on a one-yard Mike Fracchia run, the second on a one-yard Pat Trammell run and the third on a 30-yard Bobby Skelton pass to Bill Oliver. After a one-yard Laurien Stapp run in the third extended the Alabama lead to 26\u20130, Tampa scored their only points on a three-yard Ronnie Perez touchdown pass to Charles Truelock. The Crimson Tide then closed the game win a second, one-yard Trammell touchdown run and won 34\u20136.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 62], "content_span": [63, 845]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077843-0013-0000", "contents": "1960 Alabama Crimson Tide football team, Game summaries, Auburn\nAs they entered their season finale against No. 8 Auburn, the Crimson Tide moved up one spot to the No. 17 position after their victory over Tampa. At Legion Field in the annual Iron Bowl game, Alabama shut out the Tigers for the second consecutive season, this time by a score of 3\u20130. The only points in this defensive struggle came in the second quarter on a 22-yard Tommy Brooker field goal. The victory improved Alabama's all-time record against Auburn to 11\u201313\u20131.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 63], "content_span": [64, 532]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077843-0014-0000", "contents": "1960 Alabama Crimson Tide football team, Game summaries, Texas\nImmediately after their victory over Auburn in their season finale, Bryant accepted an invitation to play in the Bluebonnet Bowl against Texas. Against the Longhorns, each team only scored a single field goal in this 3\u20133 tie. Tommy Brooker connected on a 30-yard field goal for Alabama in the third and Dan Petty tied the game in the fourth for Texas with his 20-yard kick. The tie brought Alabama's all-time record against Texas to 0\u20134\u20131.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 62], "content_span": [63, 502]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077843-0015-0000", "contents": "1960 Alabama Crimson Tide football team, NFL/AFL Draft\nSeveral players that were varsity lettermen from the 1960 squad were drafted into the National Football League (NFL) and the American Football League (AFL) in the 1962 and 1963 drafts. These players included the following:", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 54], "content_span": [55, 277]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077843-0016-0000", "contents": "1960 Alabama Crimson Tide football team, Freshmen squad\nPrior to the 1972 NCAA University Division football season, NCAA rules prohibited freshmen from participating on the varsity team, and as such many schools fielded freshmen teams. For the 1960 season, the Alabama freshmen squad was coached by Sam Bailey and finished their season with a record of two wins and one loss (2\u20131). In their first game of the season, Alabama was shut out by Tulane at New Orleans, 19\u20130. Green Wave touchdowns were scored by Bill Hatchett on a one-yard run in the first and on a pair of fourth-quarter scores that were set up by Crimson Tide turnovers.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 55], "content_span": [56, 634]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077843-0017-0000", "contents": "1960 Alabama Crimson Tide football team, Freshmen squad\nIn their second game, the Crimson Tide defeated Mississippi State by a final score of 10\u20136 at Denny Stadium on a Monday. After a scoreless first quarter, State took a 6\u20130 lead in the second quarter on a 66-yard Wayne Gaines touchdown pass to Bobby Jones. Alabama responded later in the period with a 14-yard Hudson Harris touchdown run to take the lead and then added a 35-yard Tim Davis field goal in the third that made the final score 10\u20136.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 55], "content_span": [56, 499]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077843-0017-0001", "contents": "1960 Alabama Crimson Tide football team, Freshmen squad\nIn the final freshmen game of the season, Alabama defeated Auburn 23\u20136 before 4,000 fans on a Monday at Denny Stadium. Alabama points were scored on a six-yard Dale Layton touchdown pass to Jerry Beard, a nine-yard Layton touchdown run, a 26-yard Larry Wall touchdown run and a 37-yard Tim Davis field goal. Auburn scored their only points in the fourth on a touchdown pass from Frank James to Reggie Allen, and in the loss, the Tigers fumbled the ball eight times with Alabama having recovered seven of them.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 55], "content_span": [56, 565]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077844-0000-0000", "contents": "1960 Albanian Cup\n1960 Albanian Cup (Albanian: Kupa e Shqip\u00ebris\u00eb) was the eleventh season of Albania's annual cup competition. It began in Spring 1960 with the First Round and ended in May 1960 with the Final matches. KF Partizani were the defending champions, having won their fourth Albanian Cup last season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [17, 17], "content_span": [18, 310]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077844-0001-0000", "contents": "1960 Albanian Cup\nThe rounds were played in a two-legged format similar to those of European competitions. If the aggregated score was tied after both games, the team with the higher number of away goals advanced. If the number of away goals was equal in both games, the match was decided by extra time and a penalty shootout, if necessary.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [17, 17], "content_span": [18, 340]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077844-0002-0000", "contents": "1960 Albanian Cup, Second round\nAll sixteen teams of the 1958 Superliga and First Division entered in this round. First and second legs were played in March, 1960.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 31], "content_span": [32, 163]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077844-0003-0000", "contents": "1960 Albanian Cup, Quarter finals\nIn this round entered the 8 winners from the previous round.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 33], "content_span": [34, 94]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077844-0004-0000", "contents": "1960 Albanian Cup, Semifinals\nIn this round entered the four winners from the previous round.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 29], "content_span": [30, 93]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077844-0005-0000", "contents": "1960 Albanian Cup, Finals\nIn this round entered the two winners from the previous round.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 25], "content_span": [26, 88]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077845-0000-0000", "contents": "1960 Albanian National Championship\nThe 1960 Albanian National Championship was the 23rd season of the Albanian National Championship, the top professional league for association football clubs, since its establishment in 1930.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [35, 35], "content_span": [36, 227]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077845-0001-0000", "contents": "1960 Albanian National Championship, Overview\nIt was contested by 10 teams, and Dinamo Tirana won the championship.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 45], "content_span": [46, 115]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077845-0002-0000", "contents": "1960 Albanian National Championship, League standings\nNote: '17 N\u00ebntori' is KF Tirana, 'Labinoti' is KS Elbasani and 'Lokomotiva Durr\u00ebs' is Teuta", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 53], "content_span": [54, 145]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077846-0000-0000", "contents": "1960 All England Badminton Championships\nThe 1960 All England Championships was a badminton tournament held at Wembley, London, England, from 16\u201320 March 1960.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [40, 40], "content_span": [41, 159]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077846-0001-0000", "contents": "1960 All England Badminton Championships\nThe ladies champion Heather Ward moved to South Africa and did not defend her title.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [40, 40], "content_span": [41, 125]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077847-0000-0000", "contents": "1960 All-AFL Team\nThe 1960 American Football League All-League Team was selected after the 1960 American Football League (AFL) season by three separate entities: current AFL players, the Associated Press (AP), and United Press International (UPI), and was published by The Sporting News. Each selector chose a first-team, and the AFL players and UPI also selected second-teams at some positions.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [17, 17], "content_span": [18, 395]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077848-0000-0000", "contents": "1960 All-Atlantic Coast Conference football team\nThe 1960 All-Atlantic Coast Conference football team consists of American football players chosen by various selectors for their All-Atlantic Coast Conference (\"ACC\") teams for the 1960 NCAA University Division football season. Selectors in 1960 included the Associated Press (AP) and the United Press International (UPI).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 48], "section_span": [48, 48], "content_span": [49, 371]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077849-0000-0000", "contents": "1960 All-Big Eight Conference football team\nThe 1960 All-Big Eight Conference football team consists of American football players chosen by various organizations for All-Big Eight Conference teams for the 1960 NCAA University Division football season. The selectors for the 1960 season included the Associated Press (AP).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 43], "section_span": [43, 43], "content_span": [44, 321]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077850-0000-0000", "contents": "1960 All-Big Ten Conference football team\nThe 1960 All-Big Ten Conference football team consists of American football players chosen by various organizations for All-Big Ten Conference teams for the 1960 Big Ten Conference football season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 41], "section_span": [41, 41], "content_span": [42, 239]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077850-0001-0000", "contents": "1960 All-Big Ten Conference football team, Key\nUPI = United Press International, selected by the conference coaches", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 41], "section_span": [43, 46], "content_span": [47, 115]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077850-0002-0000", "contents": "1960 All-Big Ten Conference football team, Key\nBold = Consensus first-team selection of both the AP and UPI", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 41], "section_span": [43, 46], "content_span": [47, 107]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077851-0000-0000", "contents": "1960 All-Ireland Minor Football Championship\nThe 1960 All-Ireland Minor Football Championship was the 29th staging of the All-Ireland Minor Football Championship, the Gaelic Athletic Association's premier inter-county Gaelic football tournament for boys under the age of 18.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [44, 44], "content_span": [45, 274]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077851-0001-0000", "contents": "1960 All-Ireland Minor Football Championship\nDublin entered the championship as defending champions, however, they were defeated in the Leinster Championship.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [44, 44], "content_span": [45, 158]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077851-0002-0000", "contents": "1960 All-Ireland Minor Football Championship\nOn 25 September 1960, Galway won the championship following a 4-9 to 1-5 defeat of Cork in the All-Ireland final. This was their second All-Ireland title overall and their first title in eight championship season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [44, 44], "content_span": [45, 258]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077852-0000-0000", "contents": "1960 All-Ireland Minor Hurling Championship\nThe 1960 All-Ireland Minor Hurling Championship was the 30th staging of the All-Ireland Minor Hurling Championship since its establishment by the Gaelic Athletic Association in 1928.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 43], "section_span": [43, 43], "content_span": [44, 226]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077852-0001-0000", "contents": "1960 All-Ireland Minor Hurling Championship\nOn 4 September 1960 Kilkenny won the championship following a 7-12 to 1-11 defeat of Tipperary in the All-Ireland final. This was their fifth All-Ireland title and their first in ten championship seasons.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 43], "section_span": [43, 43], "content_span": [44, 248]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077853-0000-0000", "contents": "1960 All-Ireland Senior Camogie Championship\nThe 1960 All-Ireland Senior Camogie Championship was the high point of the 1960 season in Camogie. The championship was won by Dublin who defeated Galway by a 14-point margin in the final.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [44, 44], "content_span": [45, 233]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077853-0001-0000", "contents": "1960 All-Ireland Senior Camogie Championship, Changes in the old order\nDublin needed twenty minutes of extra time to beat Tipperary in the semi-final after what Agnes Hourigan described in the Irish Press as \"one of the hardest, fastest and most exciting camogie matches ever played\". Tipperary led 1-1 to nil at half time through a goal from Brid Scully, the score was 2\u20131 each at full time, Kathleen Mills shot a spectacular long range goal from a free in the first minute of extra time and Dublin never subsequently lost the lead, although Tipperary cut the lead back to a point.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [46, 70], "content_span": [71, 582]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077853-0001-0001", "contents": "1960 All-Ireland Senior Camogie Championship, Changes in the old order\nGalway shocked Antrim in the All Ireland semi-final at Casement Park with a bizarre match-winning goal. Antrim, led until three minutes from the end, when Chris Conway dropped a high lobbing ball into the Antrim goalmouth. The ball struck the in-rushing Emer Walsh on the top of the head and was deflected out of the reach of the Antrim goalkeeper for the winner", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [46, 70], "content_span": [71, 433]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077853-0002-0000", "contents": "1960 All-Ireland Senior Camogie Championship, Final\nInterest in the final had evaporated by the time it was played, delayed by the drawn All Ireland senior football final.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [46, 51], "content_span": [52, 171]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077854-0000-0000", "contents": "1960 All-Ireland Senior Camogie Championship Final\nThe 1960 All-Ireland Senior Camogie Championship Final was the 29th All-Ireland Final and the deciding match of the 1960 All-Ireland Senior Camogie Championship, an inter-county camogie tournament for the top teams in Ireland.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 50], "section_span": [50, 50], "content_span": [51, 277]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077854-0001-0000", "contents": "1960 All-Ireland Senior Camogie Championship Final\nDublin led 3-2 to no score at half-time, Galway only managing a single shot in the first half, and Dublin won by 14 points. Kathleen Mills won her fourteenth All-Ireland medal.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 50], "section_span": [50, 50], "content_span": [51, 227]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077855-0000-0000", "contents": "1960 All-Ireland Senior Football Championship\nThe 1960 All-Ireland Football Championship was the 74th staging of the All-Ireland Senior Football Championship, the Gaelic Athletic Association's premier inter-county Gaelic football tournament. The championship began on 1 May 1960 and ended on 25 September 1960.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 45], "section_span": [45, 45], "content_span": [46, 310]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077855-0001-0000", "contents": "1960 All-Ireland Senior Football Championship\nFermanagh back in the Ulster championship for the first time since 1948.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 45], "section_span": [45, 45], "content_span": [46, 118]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077855-0002-0000", "contents": "1960 All-Ireland Senior Football Championship\nOn 25 September 1960, Down won the championship following a 2\u201310 to 0\u20138 defeat of Kerry in the All-Ireland final. This was their first All-Ireland title.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 45], "section_span": [45, 45], "content_span": [46, 199]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077855-0003-0000", "contents": "1960 All-Ireland Senior Football Championship\nDown's James McCartan was the choice for Texaco Footballer of the Year.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 45], "section_span": [45, 45], "content_span": [46, 117]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077856-0000-0000", "contents": "1960 All-Ireland Senior Football Championship Final\nThe 1960 All-Ireland Senior Football Championship Final was the 73rd All-Ireland Final and the deciding match of the 1960 All-Ireland Senior Football Championship, an inter-county Gaelic football tournament for the top teams in Ireland.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 51], "section_span": [51, 51], "content_span": [52, 288]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077856-0001-0000", "contents": "1960 All-Ireland Senior Football Championship Final, Match, Summary\nThe game turned in Down's favour 11 minutes into the second half with Dan McCartan scoring a goal directly from a line ball; two minutes later Paddy Doherty scored a penalty.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 51], "section_span": [53, 67], "content_span": [68, 242]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077856-0002-0000", "contents": "1960 All-Ireland Senior Football Championship Final, Match, Summary\nThis was Down's first ever appearance in an All-Ireland final, and it brought with it their first win. It was the first of three All-Ireland football titles won by Down in the 1960s, which made them joint \"team of the decade\" with Galway who also won three. Down won their next four All-Ireland football finals, with this run only broken in their sixth appearance, by a one-point defeat to Cork in 2010.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 51], "section_span": [53, 67], "content_span": [68, 471]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077856-0003-0000", "contents": "1960 All-Ireland Senior Football Championship Final, Match, Summary\nThis was also the first Championship meeting of Down and Kerry.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 51], "section_span": [53, 67], "content_span": [68, 131]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077857-0000-0000", "contents": "1960 All-Ireland Senior Hurling Championship\nThe 1960 All-Ireland Senior Hurling Championship was the 74th staging of the All-Ireland hurling championship since its establishment by the Gaelic Athletic Association in 1887. The championship began on 10 April 1960 and ended on 4 September 1960.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [44, 44], "content_span": [45, 293]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077857-0001-0000", "contents": "1960 All-Ireland Senior Hurling Championship\nWaterford were the defending champions, however, they were defeated in the provincial championship. Wexford won the title after defeating Tipperary by 2-15 to 0-11 in the All-Ireland final.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [44, 44], "content_span": [45, 234]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077858-0000-0000", "contents": "1960 All-Ireland Senior Hurling Championship Final\nThe 1960 All-Ireland Senior Hurling Championship Final was the 73rd All-Ireland Final and the culmination of the 1960 All-Ireland Senior Hurling Championship, an inter-county hurling tournament for the top teams in Ireland. The match was held at Croke Park, Dublin, on 4 September 1960, between Wexford and Tipperary. The Munster champions lost to their Leinster opponents on a score line of 2-15 to 0-11.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 50], "section_span": [50, 50], "content_span": [51, 456]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077859-0000-0000", "contents": "1960 All-Pacific Coast football team\nThe 1960 All-Pacific Coast football team consists of American football players chosen by various organizations for All-Pacific Coast teams for the 1960 NCAA University Division football season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [36, 36], "content_span": [37, 230]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077859-0001-0000", "contents": "1960 All-Pacific Coast football team, Key\nAP = Associated Press, named in a vote of the AP West Coast Board", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 41], "content_span": [42, 107]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077860-0000-0000", "contents": "1960 All-Pro Team\nSelectors of All-Pros for the 1960 National Football League season included the Associated Press (AP), United Press International (UPI), New York Daily News (NYDN), Newspaper Enterprise Association (NEA), and The Sporting News (SN).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [17, 17], "content_span": [18, 250]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077861-0000-0000", "contents": "1960 All-SEC football team\nThe 1960 All-SEC football team consists of American football players selected to the All-Southeastern Conference (SEC) chosen by various selectors for the 1960 NCAA University Division football season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [26, 26], "content_span": [27, 228]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077861-0001-0000", "contents": "1960 All-SEC football team, Key\nBold = Consensus first-team selection by both AP and UPI", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [28, 31], "content_span": [32, 88]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077862-0000-0000", "contents": "1960 All-Southwest Conference football team\nThe 1960 All-Southwest Conference football team consists of American football players chosen by various organizations for All-Southwest Conference teams for the 1960 NCAA University Division football season. The selectors for the 1960 season included the Associated Press (AP) and the United Press (UP). Players selected as first-team players by both the AP and UP are designated in bold.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 43], "section_span": [43, 43], "content_span": [44, 432]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077862-0001-0000", "contents": "1960 All-Southwest Conference football team, Key\nBold = Consensus first-team selection of both the AP and UP", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 43], "section_span": [45, 48], "content_span": [49, 108]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077863-0000-0000", "contents": "1960 Allan Cup\nThe 1960 Allan Cup was the Canadian national senior ice hockey championship for the 1959-60 Senior \"A\" season. The event was hosted by the Trail Smoke Eaters and Trail, British Columbia. The 1960 playoff marked the 52nd time that the Allan Cup has been awarded.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [14, 14], "content_span": [15, 276]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077863-0001-0000", "contents": "1960 Allan Cup, Playdowns, Western Playdowns\nCanadian Amateur Hockey Association second vice-president Art Potter oversaw scheduling in Western Canada, ruled that Saskatchewan too late in declaring a champion to participate in the playoffs, then changed his mind and scheduled an abbreviated series.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [16, 44], "content_span": [45, 299]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077864-0000-0000", "contents": "1960 Allsvenskan, Overview\nThe league was contested by 12 teams, with IFK Norrk\u00f6ping winning the championship.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 16], "section_span": [18, 26], "content_span": [27, 110]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077865-0000-0000", "contents": "1960 American Football League Championship Game\nThe 1960 American Football League Championship Game was the first AFL title game, played on New Year's Day 1961 at Jeppesen Stadium in Houston, Texas. With New Year's on Sunday, the major college bowl games were played on Monday, January 2. This was the first time that a major professional football league's playoff game was played in January rather than December.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 47], "section_span": [47, 47], "content_span": [48, 413]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077865-0001-0000", "contents": "1960 American Football League Championship Game\nThe game matched the Eastern Division champion Houston Oilers (10\u20134), against the Western Division champion Los Angeles Chargers (10\u20134), in the first championship game of the new American Football League. The host Oilers were favored by 6 to 6\u00bd points.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 47], "section_span": [47, 47], "content_span": [48, 300]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077865-0002-0000", "contents": "1960 American Football League Championship Game\nThe AFL had established a format in which championship games would be alternated each year between the Western Division winners and the Eastern Division. The first game was originally scheduled to be played in the cavernous Los Angeles Coliseum but with the Chargers drawing less than 10,000 a game in the 100,000+ seat coliseum it was feared ABC would pull its contract because of empty seats so the game was moved to the smaller Jeppesen Stadium in Houston, where it drew 32,183. It rained the five days prior to the game.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 47], "section_span": [47, 47], "content_span": [48, 572]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077865-0003-0000", "contents": "1960 American Football League Championship Game\nOilers' quarterback George Blanda had retired after ten seasons in the NFL and did not play during the  1959 season; he threw three touchdown passes (and kicked a field goal and three extra points) to lead Houston to the first AFL title, 24\u201316.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 47], "section_span": [47, 47], "content_span": [48, 292]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077865-0004-0000", "contents": "1960 American Football League Championship Game, Game summary\nThe Chargers led 6\u20130 in the first quarter on two field goals by Ben Agajanian, one of only two players (Hardy Brown) who played in the AAFC, the NFL and the AFL. In the second period, Houston scored on a 17-yard George Blanda pass to All-AFL fullback Dave Smith, then answered a 27-yard Agajanian field goal with a 17-yard kick by Blanda.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 47], "section_span": [49, 61], "content_span": [62, 400]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077865-0005-0000", "contents": "1960 American Football League Championship Game, Game summary\nIn the final quarter, Heisman Trophy winner Billy Cannon caught a short toss from Blanda and went for an 88-yard touchdown scamper. The Chargers, down by eight points, tried to reach the end zone on their final possession. Had they scored they could have gone for the two-point conversion, but the clock ran out with the Chargers at the Oilers' 22-yard line. The Oilers won the first American Football League championship, 24\u201316.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 47], "section_span": [49, 61], "content_span": [62, 491]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077866-0000-0000", "contents": "1960 American Football League draft\nThe 1960 American Football League draft was held on November 22\u201323, 1959, in Minneapolis,  shortly after the organization of the league, and lasted 33 rounds. An additional draft of 20 rounds was held by the AFL on December 2.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [35, 35], "content_span": [36, 262]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077866-0001-0000", "contents": "1960 American Football League draft, Territorial draft\nThe first territorial or \"bonus\" picks for each team were:", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 54], "content_span": [55, 113]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077866-0002-0000", "contents": "1960 American Football League draft, Allocation draft\nFor the allocation draft, the other seven AFL teams each froze eleven players, and Oakland selected a total of 24 players from the ranks of the other teams' \"unfrozen\" lists. The number of players originally drafted for the eighth AFL franchise, but who were signed by other teams, combined with the process of the allocation draft, virtually guaranteed that the Raiders would have the worst team in the AFL in its first year. In spite of this, they managed to sign future stars Jim Otto and Wayne Hawkins, two men who played the entire ten years of the American Football League.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 53], "content_span": [54, 633]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077867-0000-0000", "contents": "1960 American Football League season\nThe 1960 American Football League season was the inaugural regular season of the American Football League (AFL). It consisted of 8 franchises split into two divisions: the East Division (Buffalo Bills, Houston Oilers, Titans of New York, Boston Patriots) and the West Division (Los Angeles Chargers, Denver Broncos, Dallas Texans, Oakland Raiders).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [36, 36], "content_span": [37, 385]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077867-0001-0000", "contents": "1960 American Football League season\nThe season ended when the Houston Oilers defeated the Los Angeles Chargers 24\u201316 in the inaugural AFL Championship game.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [36, 36], "content_span": [37, 157]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077867-0002-0000", "contents": "1960 American Football League season, Division races\nThe AFL had 8 teams, grouped into two divisions. Each team would play a home-and-away game against the other 7 teams in the league for a total of 14 games, and the best team in the Eastern Division would play against the best in the Western Division in a championship game. If there was a tie in the standings, a playoff would be held to determine the division winner.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 52], "content_span": [53, 421]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077867-0003-0000", "contents": "1960 American Football League season, Division races\nThe Denver Broncos, who would not have a winning season until they went 7\u20135\u20132 in 1973, were the Western Division leaders halfway through 1960. They won the AFL's first game, played on Friday night, September 9, 1960, beating the Boston Patriots 13\u201310. The Patriots' Gino Cappelletti scored the AFL's first points with a 35-yard field goal. Other results in Week One were the Los Angeles Chargers 21\u201320 win over the Dallas Texans, the Houston Oilers 37\u201322 win over the Oakland Raiders, and the Titans of New York 27\u20133 win over the Buffalo Bills. In the Raiders game, J. D. Smith caught a pass from Tom Flores to score the first two-point conversion in pro football history.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 52], "content_span": [53, 725]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077867-0004-0000", "contents": "1960 American Football League season, Division races\nIn Week Eight (October 30), Denver lost to the visiting Texans, 17\u201314, and did not win any of their last eight games, finishing with the AFL's worst record at 4\u20139\u20131. The Chargers, still in Los Angeles, pulled ahead the next week with a Friday night win over the Titans of New York, 21\u20137, and finished at 10\u20134\u20130. The Eastern Division lead was held by Houston, except for a setback from a 14\u201313 loss to Oakland on September 25. In Week Five, the Oilers beat the visiting Titans, 27\u201321 and led the rest of the way.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 52], "content_span": [53, 564]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077867-0005-0000", "contents": "1960 American Football League season, Regular season, Standings\nNote: Tie games were not officially counted in the standings until 1972.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 63], "content_span": [64, 136]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077867-0006-0000", "contents": "1960 American Football League season, Regular season, Standings\nNote: Tie games were not officially counted in the standings until 1972.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 63], "content_span": [64, 136]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077868-0000-0000", "contents": "1960 Antiguan general election\nGeneral elections were held in Antigua and Barbuda on 29 November 1960. They were won by the governing Antigua Labour Party (ALP), whose leader Vere Bird was re-elected as Chief Minister, a position he had held since 1 January 1960 when the position was created.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [30, 30], "content_span": [31, 293]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077868-0001-0000", "contents": "1960 Antiguan general election\nThe 1960 election was the fourth general election held during Antigua and Barbuda's history as a colonial territory of the British Empire. It was the only general election held in the territory during its membership of the West Indies Federation, a brief attempt to create a federal state in the British West Indies. Voter turnout was 38%.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [30, 30], "content_span": [31, 370]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077869-0000-0000", "contents": "1960 Argentine Grand Prix\nThe 1960 Argentine Grand Prix was a Formula One motor race held at Buenos Aires on 7 February 1960. It was race 1 of 10 in the 1960 World Championship of Drivers and race 1 of 9 in the 1960 International Cup for Formula One Manufacturers. This was the last Argentine Grand Prix until 1972, and the last to be held on the No. 4 configuration of the circuit.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [25, 25], "content_span": [26, 382]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077869-0001-0000", "contents": "1960 Argentine Grand Prix\nThe race was won by Bruce McLaren, his second consecutive victory, having won his first at Sebring at the end of the 1959 season. Stirling Moss suffered a suspension failure while leading, and took over Maurice Trintignant's Cooper, but was not awarded points for third place as a result of the shared drive, a rule that had been in place since 1958.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [25, 25], "content_span": [26, 376]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077869-0002-0000", "contents": "1960 Argentine Grand Prix\nVenezuelan driver Ettore Chimeri participated in his only grand prix. He was killed two weeks later driving a Ferrari 250 TR in Havana. He was the first driver from his country in Formula One, and the last until Johnny Cecotto in 1983. It was the only grand prix appearances for Antonio Creus, Alberto Rodriguez Larreta and Roberto Bonomi. It was also the last grand prix appearances for the driver who scored Ferrari's first World Championship race victory, Jos\u00e9 Froil\u00e1n Gonz\u00e1lez, and experienced American driver Harry Schell, who would be killed during practice for a non-championship race at Silverstone.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [25, 25], "content_span": [26, 633]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077869-0003-0000", "contents": "1960 Argentine Grand Prix\nThree other local drivers took part in the practice sessions for the race. The Scuderia Centro Sud Maserati (\u2116 10) was driven in the first practice session by Pedro Llano, as well as by eventual race driver Nasif Est\u00e9fano and Rodriguez Larreta. In the second practice session, Julio Pola shared Chimeri's \u2116 44 Maserati. Also, Oscar Cabal\u00e9n shared Est\u00e9fano's car in the qualifying session as a reserve driver.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [25, 25], "content_span": [26, 434]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077870-0000-0000", "contents": "1960 Argentine Primera Divisi\u00f3n\nThe 1960 Argentine Primera Divisi\u00f3n was the 69th season of top-flight football in Argentina. The season began on April 3 and ended on November 27.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [31, 31], "content_span": [32, 178]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077870-0001-0000", "contents": "1960 Argentine Primera Divisi\u00f3n\nIndependiente achieved its 6th title while Newell's Old Boys was relegated to Primera B.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [31, 31], "content_span": [32, 120]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077871-0000-0000", "contents": "1960 Argentine legislative election\nThe Argentine legislative elections of 1960 was held on 27 March. Voters chose their legislators, and with a turnout of 87%.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [35, 35], "content_span": [36, 160]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077871-0001-0000", "contents": "1960 Argentine legislative election, Background\nPresident Arturo Frondizi had been elected in 1958 largely with the endorsement of the exiled, populist leader, Juan Per\u00f3n. Military and conservative pressure made the president unable to lift the 1955 ban imposed on Peronism - though Peronists had other reasons for breaking with Frondizi ahead of the 1960 elections. Contrary to his platform, he appointed ultra-conservative economist Alvaro Alsogaray, whose austerity program helped lead to a doubling of prices in 1959 (a record, up to that time) and sharp recession.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 47], "content_span": [48, 569]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077871-0001-0001", "contents": "1960 Argentine legislative election, Background\nRecommending the casting of blank votes, Per\u00f3n took care to deprive Frondizi of potential anti-peronist support by revealing their earlier, secret deal: Peronist support in 1958 in exchange for restored political rights. A year marked with labor strife was followed by the bombing of a Shell Petroleum facility in March 1960, leading to the enactment of the Conintes Plan - a further, severe limitation on political freedoms.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 47], "content_span": [48, 473]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077871-0002-0000", "contents": "1960 Argentine legislative election, Background\nFrondizi bore the brunt of public disapproval over these developments; in reality, however, both decisions were signed on the insistence of the Argentine military, many of whom were unambiguous on their willingness to overthrow the president (Conintes, in particular was signed in lieu of military demands for martial law). Frondizi's UCRI congressional candidates went from nearly half the 1958 vote to only 27% - though they retained their overall majority since its loss of seats was more moderate (mostly to Ricardo Balb\u00edn's more conservative UCR-P). Peronists' blank votes resulted in one of the highest such incidences (25%) in Argentine electoral history.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 47], "content_span": [48, 710]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077872-0000-0000", "contents": "1960 Arizona State Sun Devils football team\nThe 1960 Arizona State Sun Devils football team was an American football team that represented Arizona State University in the Border Conference during the 1960 NCAA University Division football season. In their third season under head coach Frank Kush, the Sun Devils compiled a 7\u20133 record (3\u20132 against Border opponents) and outscored their opponents by a combined total of 223 to 120.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 43], "section_span": [43, 43], "content_span": [44, 430]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077872-0001-0000", "contents": "1960 Arizona State Sun Devils football team\nThe team's statistical leaders included Ron Cosner with 422 passing yards, Nolan Jones with 582 rushing yards, and Bob Rembert with 178 receiving yards.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 43], "section_span": [43, 43], "content_span": [44, 196]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077873-0000-0000", "contents": "1960 Arizona State\u2013Flagstaff Lumberjacks football team\nThe 1960 Arizona State\u2013Flagstaff Lumberjacks football team was an American football team that represented Arizona State College at Flagstaff (now known as Northern Arizona University) in the Frontier Conference during the 1960 NAIA football season. In their fifth year under head coach Max Spilsbury, the Lumberjacks compiled a 6\u20133\u20132 record (2\u20130\u20131 against conference opponents), tied for the Frontier Conference championship, and outscored opponents by a total of 260 to 176.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 54], "section_span": [54, 54], "content_span": [55, 530]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077873-0001-0000", "contents": "1960 Arizona State\u2013Flagstaff Lumberjacks football team\nThe team played its home games at Lumberjack Stadium in Flagstaff, Arizona.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 54], "section_span": [54, 54], "content_span": [55, 130]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077874-0000-0000", "contents": "1960 Arizona Wildcats baseball team\nThe 1960 Arizona Wildcats baseball team represented the University of Arizona in the 1960 NCAA University Division baseball season. The Wildcats played their home games at UA Field. The team was coached by Frank Sancet in his 11th year at Arizona.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [35, 35], "content_span": [36, 283]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077874-0001-0000", "contents": "1960 Arizona Wildcats baseball team\nThe Wildcats won the District VI Playoff to advanced to the College World Series, where they were defeated by the Southern California Trojans.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [35, 35], "content_span": [36, 178]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077875-0000-0000", "contents": "1960 Arizona Wildcats football team\nThe 1960 Arizona Wildcats football team represented the University of Arizona in the Border Conference during the 1960 NCAA University Division football season. In their second season under head coach Jim LaRue, the Wildcats compiled a 7\u20133 record and outscored their opponents, 233 to 152. The team captain was Tony Matz. The team played its home games in Arizona Stadium in Tucson, Arizona.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [35, 35], "content_span": [36, 427]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077875-0001-0000", "contents": "1960 Arizona Wildcats football team\nThe team's statistical leaders included Eddie Wilson with 1,020 passing yards, Bobby Thompson with 732 rushing yards, and Joe Hernandez with 442 receiving yards.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [35, 35], "content_span": [36, 197]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077876-0000-0000", "contents": "1960 Arizona gubernatorial election\nThe 1960 Arizona gubernatorial election took place on November 8, 1960. Incumbent governor Paul Fannin ran for reelection against former Democratic state representative Lee Ackerman in the general election, easily winning a second term. Fannin was sworn in to his second term on January 3, 1961. Both candidates ran unopposed in their respective party's primary.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [35, 35], "content_span": [36, 398]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077877-0000-0000", "contents": "1960 Arkansas Razorbacks football team\nThe 1960 Arkansas Razorbacks football team represented the University of Arkansas in the Southwest Conference (SWC) during the 1960 NCAA University Division football season. In their third year under head coach Frank Broyles, the Razorbacks compiled an 8\u20133 record (6\u20131 against SWC opponents), won the SWC championship, and outscored all opponents by a combined total of 185 to 87. The Razorbacks' only losses during the regular season came against Baylor by a 28\u201314 score and to Mississippi by a 10\u20137 score. The team was ranked #7 in both the final AP Poll and the final UPI Coaches Poll and went on to lose to Duke in the 1960 Cotton Bowl Classic by a 7\u20136 score.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [38, 38], "content_span": [39, 702]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077877-0001-0000", "contents": "1960 Arkansas Razorbacks football team\nLineman Wayne Harris was selected by the Football Writers Association of America as a first-team player on the 1960 All-America Team. He was also honored as a second-team player by the UPI. Halfback Lance Alworth was recognized as a third-team All-American by the American Football Coaches Association.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [38, 38], "content_span": [39, 341]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077878-0000-0000", "contents": "1960 Arkansas gubernatorial election\nThe 1960 Arkansas gubernatorial election was held on November 8, 1960.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [36, 36], "content_span": [37, 107]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077878-0001-0000", "contents": "1960 Arkansas gubernatorial election\nIncumbent Democratic Governor Orval Faubus won election to a fourth term, defeating Republican nominee Henry M. Britt with 69.21% of the vote.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [36, 36], "content_span": [37, 179]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077878-0002-0000", "contents": "1960 Arkansas gubernatorial election, Primary elections\nPrimary elections were held on July 26, 1960. By winning over 50% of the vote, Faubus avoided a run-off which would have been held on August 9, 1960.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 55], "content_span": [56, 205]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077879-0000-0000", "contents": "1960 Arlington State Rebels football team\nThe 1960 Arlington State Rebels football team was an American football team that represented  Arlington State College (now known as the University of Texas at Arlington) as an independent during the 1960 NCAA College Division football season. In their eighth year under head coach Chena Gilstrap, the team compiled a 9\u20132 record.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 41], "section_span": [41, 41], "content_span": [42, 370]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077880-0000-0000", "contents": "1960 Armstrong 500\nThe 1960 Armstrong 500 was an endurance motor race for Australian made or assembled standard production sedans. The event was held at the Phillip Island Grand Prix Circuit in Victoria, Australia on 20 November 1960 over 167 laps of the 3.0 mile circuit, a total distance of 501 miles.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 18], "section_span": [18, 18], "content_span": [19, 303]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077880-0001-0000", "contents": "1960 Armstrong 500\nThe race was organised by the Light Car Club of Australia and promoted by Armstrong York Engineering Pty Ltd. Jim Thompson, managing director of the shock absorber manufacturer, was encouraged by his PR man Ron Thonemann to increase the company's business with major carmakers, particularly Ford and Holden, by sponsoring a race.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 18], "section_span": [18, 18], "content_span": [19, 348]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077880-0002-0000", "contents": "1960 Armstrong 500\nThis was the first event held in the history of the race later to become known as the Bathurst 1000, the race that would come to dominate Australian motor racing.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 18], "section_span": [18, 18], "content_span": [19, 181]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077880-0003-0000", "contents": "1960 Armstrong 500, Outright controversy\nOfficially only class placings and prize money were awarded, with no outright winner recognised. In later years as the fame of the Bathurst 1000 grew, outright placings, particularly the outright winner, became more widely recognised. John Roxburgh and Frank Coad have been widely acclaimed as the outright winners of the event, and have been recognised in CAMS motorsport manual in more recent times. This has been the source of some controversy as claims the winners of Class C, Geoff Russell, David Anderson and Tony Loxton covered the race distance in a faster time.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 18], "section_span": [20, 40], "content_span": [41, 611]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077880-0003-0001", "contents": "1960 Armstrong 500, Outright controversy\nThe source of the discrepancy arises from the starting procedure which saw the classes released at ten second intervals, with the Class D Roxburgh/Coad Vauxhall starting the race ten seconds before the Class C Russell/Anderson/Loxton Peugeot. A comprehensive investigation in 1992 by Graham Hoinville, utilizing the record of individual lap times from the race, concluded that the car of Frank Coad and John Roxburgh was the first to finish the race.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 18], "section_span": [20, 40], "content_span": [41, 491]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077880-0004-0000", "contents": "1960 Armstrong 500, Class structure, Class A\nClass A was for cars with an engine capacity of 750cc or less. The class featured Fiat 600, Lloyd Alexander, NSU Prinz and Renault 750", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 18], "section_span": [20, 44], "content_span": [45, 179]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077880-0005-0000", "contents": "1960 Armstrong 500, Class structure, Class B\nClass B was for cars with an engine capacity of between 751cc and 1300cc. The class featured Ford Anglia, Renault Dauphine, Simca Aronde, Triumph Herald and Volkswagen Beetle", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 18], "section_span": [20, 44], "content_span": [45, 219]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077880-0006-0000", "contents": "1960 Armstrong 500, Class structure, Class C\nClass C was for cars with an engine capacity of between 1301cc and 2000cc. The class featured Austin Lancer, Hillman Minx, Morris Major, Peugeot 403 and Singer Gazelle.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 18], "section_span": [20, 44], "content_span": [45, 213]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077880-0007-0000", "contents": "1960 Armstrong 500, Class structure, Class D\nClass D was for cars with an engine capacity between 2001cc and 3500cc. The class featured Ford Falcon, Humber Super Snipe, Mercedes-Benz 220SE, Standard Vanguard, Vauxhall Cresta.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 18], "section_span": [20, 44], "content_span": [45, 225]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077880-0008-0000", "contents": "1960 Armstrong 500, Class structure, Class E\nClass E was for cars with an engine capacity over 3500cc. There was only one entry in the class, a Ford Customline.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 18], "section_span": [20, 44], "content_span": [45, 160]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077881-0000-0000", "contents": "1960 Army Cadets football team\nThe 1960 Army Cadets football team represented the United States Military Academy in the 1960 NCAA University Division football season. In their second year under head coach Dale Hall, the Cadets compiled a 6\u20133\u20131 record and outscored all opponents by a combined total of 222 to 95. In the annual Army\u2013Navy Game, the Cadets lost to the Midshipmen by a 17 to 12 score. The Cadets also lost to Penn State and Nebraska.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [30, 30], "content_span": [31, 446]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077881-0001-0000", "contents": "1960 Army Cadets football team\nArmy guard Al Vanderbush was selected by the Central Press Association as a first-team player on the 1960 College Football All-America Team. He was also selected by the UPI as a second-team player.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [30, 30], "content_span": [31, 228]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077882-0000-0000", "contents": "1960 Atlanta 500\nThe 1960 Atlanta 500 was a NASCAR Grand National Series event that was held on October 30, 1960, at Atlanta International Raceway in Hampton, Georgia.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 16], "section_span": [16, 16], "content_span": [17, 167]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077882-0001-0000", "contents": "1960 Atlanta 500, Background\nAtlanta International Raceway (now Atlanta Motor Speedway) is one of ten current intermediate tracks to hold NASCAR races; the others are Charlotte Motor Speedway, Chicagoland Speedway, Darlington Raceway, Homestead Miami Speedway, Kansas Speedway, Kentucky Speedway, Las Vegas Motor Speedway, New Hampshire Motor Speedway, and Texas Motor Speedway. However, at the time, only Charlotte and Darlington were built.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 16], "section_span": [18, 28], "content_span": [29, 442]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077882-0002-0000", "contents": "1960 Atlanta 500, Background\nThe layout at Atlanta International Speedway at the time was a four-turn traditional oval track that is 1.54 miles (2.48\u00a0km) long. The track's turns are banked at twenty-four degrees, while the front stretch, the location of the finish line, and the back stretch are banked at five.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 16], "section_span": [18, 28], "content_span": [29, 311]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077882-0003-0000", "contents": "1960 Atlanta 500, Race report\nThe transition to purpose-built racecars began in the early 1960s and occurred gradually over that decade. Changes made to the sport by the late 1960s brought an end to the \"strictly stock\" vehicles of the 1950s.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 16], "section_span": [18, 29], "content_span": [30, 242]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077882-0004-0000", "contents": "1960 Atlanta 500, Race report\nThirty thousand spectators would attend this live spectacle where Bobby Johns (in his 1960 Pontiac Catalina) would defeat Johnny Allen (in his 1960 Chevrolet Bel Air) by a distance of one lap. The late-season combination of Speedy Thompson and the Wood Brothers racing organization paid off as they managed to win their first two races. Thompson tried to win his third race in a row, but came up short as he finished in fourth-place; with Bobby Johns out-lapping him four times over.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 16], "section_span": [18, 29], "content_span": [30, 513]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077882-0005-0000", "contents": "1960 Atlanta 500, Race report\nJohns would acquire his only victory on a superspeedway in this race. This would also serve as his only victory in the 1960 NASCAR Grand National Series season. In the 1960 NASCAR Grand National Series points standings, Rex White would beat Richard Petty by a whopping 3,936 points. It would completely shatter the record set by Lee Petty in 1959, but still wouldn't come close to the all-time record.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 16], "section_span": [18, 29], "content_span": [30, 431]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077882-0006-0000", "contents": "1960 Atlanta 500, Race report\nThe race itself took four hours and thirty-six minutes to fully resolve 334 laps; with speeds averaging 108.408 miles per hour (174.466\u00a0km/h). Fireball Roberts would qualify for the pole position with a speed of 134.596 miles per hour (216.611\u00a0km/h). The other top ten finishers were: Jim Paschal, Speedy Thompson, Rex White (officially declared the Grand National Champion that year), Lee Petty, Richard Petty, Joe Weatherly, Bob Welborn and Fred Lorenzen.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 16], "section_span": [18, 29], "content_span": [30, 487]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077882-0007-0000", "contents": "1960 Atlanta 500, Race report\nBill Gazaway would receive the last-place finish for his collision involving the rear end of his 1960 Oldsmobile vehicle on the first lap of the race; giving him the shortest NASCAR Grand National Series career alongside Paul Norris and Rich Vogler. LeeRoy Yarbrough would make his first NASCAR career start here; finishing in 33rd due to a crash on lap 60. Eight notable crew chiefs participated in the event; including Bud Moore, Ray Fox, Leonard Wood and Cotton Owens.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 16], "section_span": [18, 29], "content_span": [30, 501]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077882-0008-0000", "contents": "1960 Atlanta 500, Race report\nThe record for the shortest NASCAR career would be broken in 1990 by Rich Vogler. He qualified for a 1990 race at Pocono, but he died the night before the race. He was given a 40th-place finish and a \"Did Not Start\", which means he completed zero laps. The fewest lead changes were committed here; this record would be officially tied with the 1961 Dixie 400 the following year.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 16], "section_span": [18, 29], "content_span": [30, 408]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077883-0000-0000", "contents": "1960 Atlantic hurricane season\nThe 1960 Atlantic hurricane season was the least active season since 1952. The season officially began on June\u00a015, and lasted until November\u00a015. These dates conventionally delimit the period of each year when most tropical cyclones form in the Atlantic basin. The first system, an unnamed storm, developed in the Bay of Campeche on June\u00a022. It brought severe local flooding to southeastern Texas and was considered the worst disaster in some towns since a Hurricane in 1945. The unnamed storm moved across the United States for almost a week before dissipating on June\u00a029.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [30, 30], "content_span": [31, 603]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077883-0000-0001", "contents": "1960 Atlantic hurricane season\nIn July, Hurricane Abby resulted in minor damage in the Leeward Islands, before impacting a few Central American counties \u2014 the remnants of the storm would go on to form Hurricane Celeste in the East Pacific. Later that month, Tropical Storm Brenda caused flooding across much of the East Coast of the United States. The next storm, Hurricane Cleo, caused no known impact, despite its close proximity to land.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [30, 30], "content_span": [31, 440]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077883-0001-0000", "contents": "1960 Atlantic hurricane season\nThe most significant storm of the season was Hurricane Donna, which at the time was among the ten costliest United States hurricanes. After the precursor caused a deadly plane crash in Senegal, the storm itself brought severe flooding and wind impacts to the Lesser Antilles and Florida, where Donna made landfall as a Category\u00a04 hurricane. It moved northeast and struck North Carolina and Long Island, New York, while still at hurricane intensity. Donna caused at least 227\u00a0fatalities and $900\u00a0million (1960\u00a0USD) in damage.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [30, 30], "content_span": [31, 555]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077883-0001-0001", "contents": "1960 Atlantic hurricane season\nHurricane Ethel reached Category 3 intensity, but rapidly weakened before making landfall in Mississippi, resulting in only 1\u00a0fatality and $1.5\u00a0million in losses. The final storm, Florence, developed on September\u00a017. It remained weakened and moved erratically over Cuba and Florida. Only minor flooding was reported. Collectively, the tropical cyclones in 1960 caused at least 250\u00a0deaths and about $910.74\u00a0million in damage.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [30, 30], "content_span": [31, 455]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077883-0002-0000", "contents": "1960 Atlantic hurricane season, Season summary\nThe Atlantic hurricane season officially began on June\u00a015, 1960. It was a below-average season in which seven tropical depressions formed. All seven of the depressions attained tropical storm status, which was below the 1950\u20132000\u00a0average of 9.6\u00a0named storms. Four of these reached hurricane status, also falling short of the 1950\u20132000\u00a0average of 5.9. Furthermore, two storms reached major hurricane status, which is Category\u00a03 or higher on the Saffir\u2013Simpson hurricane wind scale. Two hurricane and four tropical storms made landfall during the season and caused 387\u00a0deaths and $396.7\u00a0million (1960\u00a0USD) in damage.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 46], "content_span": [47, 661]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077883-0003-0000", "contents": "1960 Atlantic hurricane season, Season summary\nSeason activity began on June\u00a023, with the development of an unnamed tropical storm. Tropical cyclogenesis resumed in July with Hurricane Abby between July\u00a010 and July\u00a016, followed by Tropical Storm Brenda from July\u00a028 to July\u00a031. In mid-August, Hurricane Cleo developed and had an uneventful duration. At the end of that month, Hurricane Donna formed and lasted into mid-September; it was the strongest tropical cyclone of the season, peaking as a Category\u00a04 hurricane. There was a Category\u00a03 hurricane in September, Ethel, which briefly existed in the Gulf of Mexico. The last storm of the season, Tropical Storm Florence, dissipated on September\u00a025, over a month before the official end of the season on November\u00a015.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 46], "content_span": [47, 766]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077883-0004-0000", "contents": "1960 Atlantic hurricane season, Season summary\nThe season's activity was reflected with an accumulated cyclone energy (ACE) rating of\u00a088, which was the lowest total since 54 in 1954. ACE is, broadly speaking, a measure of the power of the hurricane multiplied by the length of time it existed, so storms that last a long time, as well as particularly strong hurricanes, have high ACEs. It is only calculated for full advisories on tropical systems at or exceeding 39\u00a0mph (63\u00a0km/h) or tropical storm strength.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 46], "content_span": [47, 508]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077883-0005-0000", "contents": "1960 Atlantic hurricane season, Systems, Tropical Storm One\nObservations from a reconnaissance flight on June\u00a022 indicated that a large area of showers and thunderstorms in the Gulf of Mexico was producing winds up to 40\u00a0mph (65\u00a0km/h). Because no circulation was reported, it was operationally classified as a tropical low, though radar stations along the Gulf Coast of Mexico indicated a circulation. Thus, the system became a tropical depression at 0600\u00a0UTC on June\u00a022, while located in the Bay of Campeche. The depression strengthened and was estimated to have become a tropical storm on June\u00a023. By early on the following day, the storm peaked with winds of 45\u00a0mph (75\u00a0km/h). Later that day, it made landfall near Corpus Christi, Texas at the same intensity. The storm weakened slowly and moved across the Central United States, before dissipating over Illinois on June\u00a028.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 59], "content_span": [60, 877]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077883-0006-0000", "contents": "1960 Atlantic hurricane season, Systems, Tropical Storm One\nIn Texas, the storm dropped up to 29.76 inches (756\u00a0mm) of precipitation in Port Lavaca. Thus considerable flooding occurred in some areas of south and eastern Texas. Throughout the state, more than 150\u00a0houses sustained flood damage in several counties. In addition, numerous major highways were closed, including portions of U.S. Routes 59, 87, 90, and 185, and Texas State Highways 35 and 71. In Arkansas, a few buildings in Hot Springs were damaged from high winds. Elsewhere, light to moderate rainfall was recorded in at least 11\u00a0other states, though damage was minimal. The storm was the rainiest tropical cyclone on record in the state of Kentucky, dropping 11.25 inches (286\u00a0mm) in Dunmor. Overall, the storm was attributed to 15\u00a0fatalities and $3.6\u00a0million in damage.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 59], "content_span": [60, 836]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077883-0007-0000", "contents": "1960 Atlantic hurricane season, Systems, Hurricane Abby\nA tropical wave developed into a tropical depression near the Windward Islands on July\u00a010. That day, the depression intensified into Tropical Storm Abby, striking Saint Lucia with winds of 65\u00a0mph (100\u00a0km/h). Abby tracked westward across the Caribbean Sea with little change in intensity. The storm brushed the northern coast of Honduras before intensifying into a hurricane on July\u00a015, striking the offshore Roat\u00e1n island with peak winds of 80\u00a0mph (130\u00a0km/h). Later that day, Hurricane Abby made landfall in southern British Honduras (present day Belize). Abby quickly weakened inland, moving across Guatemala and coastal Mexico. On July\u00a017, Abby dissipated over the Mexican state of Veracruz. However, the remnants later contributed to the development of Hurricane Celeste in the eastern Pacific.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 55], "content_span": [56, 853]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077883-0008-0000", "contents": "1960 Atlantic hurricane season, Systems, Hurricane Abby\nAbby produced tropical storm force winds and up to 6.8 inches (170\u00a0mm) of precipitation in St. Lucia. Six people died when a roof of a house collapsed. Damage in St. Lucia reached $435,000, most of which was incurred to banana and coconut crops. In Martinique, wind gusts of 75\u00a0mph (120\u00a0km/h) and about 4 inches (100\u00a0mm) of rain damaged 33% of banana and sugar cane crops. The resultant landslides from the precipitation extensively impacted roads and bridges. In Dominica, light winds and precipitation up to 5.91 inches (150\u00a0mm) with damages reaching $65,000, entirely to roads and communications. Offshore islands of Honduras reported winds up to 52\u00a0mph (85\u00a0km/h) and light rainfall. Damage in British Honduras was light, with about $40,500 in losses, mostly to agriculture.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 55], "content_span": [56, 833]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077883-0009-0000", "contents": "1960 Atlantic hurricane season, Systems, Tropical Storm Brenda\nA weak low-pressure area in the Gulf of Mexico developed on July\u00a026, organizing into Tropical Storm Brenda a day later. The minimal tropical storm moved ashore near Cross City, Florida on July\u00a029, and moved northeastward along the east coast of the United States, gradually intensifying despite being largely over land. Later that day, the storm briefly moved offshore before striking southern North Carolina with peak winds of 70\u00a0mph (110\u00a0km/h). After moving through the Mid-Atlantic states and New England, Brenda transitioned into an extratropical cyclone on July\u00a031 over Maine. The remnants of Brenda interacted with another extratropical storm over eastern Canada before absorbing it. For about a week, the remnants of Brenda drifted and executed a large loop over northern Quebec, Labrador, and adjacent waters, eventually dissipating on August\u00a07.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 62], "content_span": [63, 916]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077883-0010-0000", "contents": "1960 Atlantic hurricane season, Systems, Tropical Storm Brenda\nBrenda was considered the worst storm to strike West Central Florida since Hurricane Easy in 1950. It brought wind gusts up to 60\u00a0mph (95\u00a0km/h) and rainfall amounts reaching 14.57 inches (370\u00a0mm) at the Tampa International Airport. While no casualties are directly blamed on the storm, at least one traffic-related death took place. According to an American Red Cross Disaster Service report encompassing eight Florida counties, 11\u00a0houses sustained significant damage, while 567\u00a0suffered more minor damage. Around 590\u00a0families were affected overall. Total monetary damage in Florida is placed at nearly $5\u00a0million. Further north, other states reported strong winds and locally heavy rainfall, though no significant damage occurred.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 62], "content_span": [63, 794]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077883-0011-0000", "contents": "1960 Atlantic hurricane season, Systems, Hurricane Cleo\nA strong tropical wave produced rainfall and gusty winds in The Bahamas and the Greater Antilles in mid-August. The wave was closely monitored for possible tropical cyclogenesis and special bulletins were issued by the United States Weather Bureau. At 1800\u00a0UTC on August\u00a017, Tropical Storm Cleo developed near Cat Island in The Bahamas. The storm headed northeastward and immediately began to intensify. Operationally, the United States Weather Bureau at the hurricane warning center in Miami did not initiate advisories on Cleo until 1500\u00a0UTC on August\u00a018. Sustained winds were already 70\u00a0mph (110\u00a0km/h) at the time, as recorded by a reconnaissance aircraft flight. By 1800\u00a0UTC on August\u00a018, Cleo strengthened into a hurricane.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 55], "content_span": [56, 784]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077883-0012-0000", "contents": "1960 Atlantic hurricane season, Systems, Hurricane Cleo\nThroughout its duration, Cleo remained a relatively small tropical cyclone. Because the storm posed a significant threat to New England, a \"hurricane watch\" was issued for southeastern Massachusetts and Rhode Island on August\u00a019. Various gale warnings were also put into effect from Block Island, Rhode Island, to Portland, Maine. However, this was unnecessary because Cleo remained well offshore. On August\u00a019, Cleo peaked with winds of 85\u00a0mph (135\u00a0km/h), but it weakened to a tropical storm the next day. Cleo curved east-northeastward on August\u00a020, remaining south of Nova Scotia, until it dissipated a day later.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 55], "content_span": [56, 672]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077883-0013-0000", "contents": "1960 Atlantic hurricane season, Systems, Hurricane Donna\nA tropical wave, which was attributed to 63\u00a0deaths from a plane crash in Senegal, developed into a tropical depression south of Cape Verde late on August\u00a029. The depression strengthened into Tropical Storm Donna by the following day. Donna moved west-northwestward at roughly 20\u00a0mph (32\u00a0km/h) and by August\u00a031, it reached hurricane status. Significant deepening occurred during the next 30\u00a0hours, with Donna being a moderate Category\u00a04 hurricane by late on September\u00a02. Thereafter, it weakened some and brushed the Lesser Antilles later that day.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 56], "content_span": [57, 603]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077883-0013-0001", "contents": "1960 Atlantic hurricane season, Systems, Hurricane Donna\nOn Saint Maarten, the storm left a quarter of the island homeless and killed 7\u00a0people. An additional 5\u00a0deaths were reported in Anguilla and there were 7\u00a0other deaths throughout the Virgin Islands. In Puerto Rico, severe flash flooding led to 107\u00a0fatalities, 85\u00a0of them in Humacao alone. Donna further weakened to a Category\u00a03 hurricane late on September\u00a05, but eventually became a Category\u00a04 hurricane again. While passing through The Bahamas, several small island communities in the central regions of the country were leveled, but no damage total or fatalities were reported.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 56], "content_span": [57, 634]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077883-0014-0000", "contents": "1960 Atlantic hurricane season, Systems, Hurricane Donna\nEarly on September\u00a010, Donna made landfall near Marathon, Florida on Vaca Key with winds of 140\u00a0mph (230\u00a0km/h), hours before another landfall between Fort Myers and Naples at the same intensity. Florida bore the brunt of Hurricane Donna. In the Florida Keys, coastal flooding severely damaged 75% of buildings, destroyed several subdivisions in Marathon. On the mainland, 5,200\u00a0houses were impacted, which does not include the 75% of homes damaged at Fort Myers Beach; 50% of buildings were also destroyed in the city of Everglades. Crop losses were also extensive.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 56], "content_span": [57, 622]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077883-0014-0001", "contents": "1960 Atlantic hurricane season, Systems, Hurricane Donna\nA total of 50% of grapefruit crop was lost, 10% of the orange and tangerine crop was lost, and the avocado crop was almost completely destroyed. In the state of Florida alone, there were 13\u00a0deaths and $300\u00a0million in losses. Donna weakened over Florida and was a Category\u00a02 hurricane when it re-emerged into the Atlantic from North Florida. By early on September\u00a012, the storm made landfall near Topsail Beach, North Carolina with winds of 110\u00a0mph (175\u00a0km/h).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 56], "content_span": [57, 516]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077883-0014-0002", "contents": "1960 Atlantic hurricane season, Systems, Hurricane Donna\nDonna brought tornadoes and wind gusts as high as 100\u00a0mph (155\u00a0km/h), damaging or destroying several buildings in Eastern North Carolina, while crops were impacted as far as 50 miles (80\u00a0km) inland. Additionally, storm surge caused significant beach erosion and structural damage Wilmington and Nags Head. There were 8\u00a0deaths and over 100\u00a0injuries. Later on September\u00a012, Donna reemerged into the Atlantic Ocean and continued to move northeastward. The storm struck Long Island, New York late on September\u00a012 and rapidly weakened inland. On the following day, Donna became extratropical over Maine.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 56], "content_span": [57, 655]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077883-0015-0000", "contents": "1960 Atlantic hurricane season, Systems, Tropical Storm Six\nFor several days, a weak low pressure area moved across the tropical Atlantic, which organized into a tropical storm on September\u00a01 to the northeast of the Lesser Antilles. That day, peak winds were estimated at 45\u00a0mph (75\u00a0km/h), based on reports from ships and the Hurricane Hunters. The storm moved northward and weakened. On September\u00a03, the system was absorbed by an approaching cold front. The storm was added to the Atlantic hurricane database in 2016.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 59], "content_span": [60, 518]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077883-0016-0000", "contents": "1960 Atlantic hurricane season, Systems, Hurricane Ethel\nA trough was located over the Gulf of Mexico on September\u00a08, which interacted with a weakening cold front to produce a low pressure area, and eventually a tropical depression on September\u00a012. On the next day, the system intensified into Tropical Storm Ethel, which began a period of rapid intensification a day later. By late on September\u00a014, Ethel reached peak winds of 115\u00a0mph (185\u00a0km), presenting a well-defined eye.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 56], "content_span": [57, 476]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077883-0016-0001", "contents": "1960 Atlantic hurricane season, Systems, Hurricane Ethel\nOperationally, the Hurricane Hunters estimated winds of 160\u00a0mph (260\u00a0km/h), making Ethel a Category 5 hurricane, although a reanalysis in 2016 downgraded Ethel to a Category\u00a03. Cooler air caused a period of rapid weakening, and Ethel moved ashore near Pascagoula, Mississippi with sustained winds of 80\u00a0mph (130\u00a0km/h). The storm gradually weakened after moving inland, before eventually dissipating over southern Kentucky on September\u00a017.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 56], "content_span": [57, 495]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077883-0017-0000", "contents": "1960 Atlantic hurricane season, Systems, Hurricane Ethel\nIn Louisiana, the outer bands of the storm produced light rainfall and hurricane-force winds, though no damage was reported in that state. Offshore Mississippi, rough seas inundated Horn Island and split Ship Island. Tropical storm force winds in the southern portion of the state littered broken glass, trees, and signs across streets in Pascagoula, as well as down power lines, which caused some residents to lose power. In Alabama, winds damaged beach cottages along the Gulf Coast, and damaged crops in the southern portion of the state.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 56], "content_span": [57, 598]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077883-0017-0001", "contents": "1960 Atlantic hurricane season, Systems, Hurricane Ethel\nAlthough large amounts of rain fell in the extreme western portions of Florida, peaking at 12.94 inches (329\u00a0mm) in Milton, no flooding occurred in Florida. A lightning strike to a power station near Tallahassee caused a brief citywide blackout. The storm spawned four tornadoes in Florida, one of which destroyed 25\u00a0homes. Outside the Gulf Coast of the United States, rain fell in eight others states, but no damage is known to have occurred. Overall, Ethel caused one fatality and $1.5\u00a0million in losses.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 56], "content_span": [57, 563]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077883-0018-0000", "contents": "1960 Atlantic hurricane season, Systems, Tropical Storm Florence\nA westward moving tropical wave developed into a tropical depression while located north of Puerto Rico on September\u00a017. By the following day, the depression strengthened into Tropical Storm Florence. Later on September\u00a018, Florence peaked as a 45\u00a0mph (75\u00a0km/h) tropical storm as it approached The Bahamas. However, unfavorable conditions weakened the storm back to a tropical depression on September\u00a019. On September\u00a021, Florence lost its surface circulation, and the disturbance executed a small cyclonic loop over Cuba.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 64], "content_span": [65, 587]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077883-0018-0001", "contents": "1960 Atlantic hurricane season, Systems, Tropical Storm Florence\nOn September\u00a023, the system redeveloped its surface center, and it became a tropical depression again, moving ashore Monroe County, Florida that day. The storm drifted northeastward across the state, re-intensifying into a tropical storm and reaching winds of 60\u00a0mph (95\u00a0km/h). The storm turned back to the west-northwest and weakened again to a tropical depression. Florence moved across the northeastern Gulf of Mexico, moving ashore again near the Alabama-Florida border on September\u00a026, and dissipating soon after.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 64], "content_span": [65, 583]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077883-0019-0000", "contents": "1960 Atlantic hurricane season, Systems, Tropical Storm Florence\nOn Grand Bahama, 5.48 inches (139\u00a0mm) of rain fell in only 6\u00a0hours. The storm dropped rainfall across Florida, though the heavier amounts were mainly on the Atlantic coast. Precipitation peaked at 15.79 inches (401\u00a0mm) near Fellsmere, while rainfall reached 10 inches (250\u00a0mm) in some areas of the Miami metropolitan area. Although Florence was a depression at landfall, sustained winds between 35 and 40\u00a0mph (56 and 64\u00a0km/h) were recorded in Ocean Ridge, while a gust as high as 52\u00a0mph (84\u00a0km/h) was reported in Vero Beach. In Jacksonville, a pressure gradient combined with Florida to produce tides of 2 to 3 feet (0.61 to 0.91\u00a0m) about normal.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 64], "content_span": [65, 711]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077883-0020-0000", "contents": "1960 Atlantic hurricane season, Storm names\nThe following names were used for named storms (tropical storms and hurricanes) that formed in the North Atlantic in 1960. Storms were named Abby and Donna for the first time in 1960. Following the season, the name Donna was retired, replaced with Dora. Names that were not assigned are marked in gray.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 43], "content_span": [44, 346]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077883-0021-0000", "contents": "1960 Atlantic hurricane season, Season effects\nThe following table lists all of the storms that have formed in the 1960 Atlantic hurricane season. It includes their duration, names, landfall(s) (in parentheses), damages, and death totals. Deaths in parentheses are additional and indirect (an example of an indirect death would be a traffic accident), but were still related to that storm. Damage and deaths include totals while the storm was extratropical, a wave, or a low, and all of the damage figures are in 1960 USD.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 46], "content_span": [47, 522]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077884-0000-0000", "contents": "1960 Auburn Tigers football team\nThe 1960 Auburn Tigers football team represented Auburn University in the 1960 NCAA University Division football season. It was the Tigers' 69th overall and 27th season as a member of the Southeastern Conference (SEC). The team was led by head coach Ralph \"Shug\" Jordan, in his tenth year, and played their home games at Cliff Hare Stadium in Auburn and Legion Field in Birmingham, Alabama. They finished with a record of eight wins and two losses (8\u20132 overall, 5\u20132 in the SEC).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [32, 32], "content_span": [33, 511]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077885-0000-0000", "contents": "1960 Australian Championships\nThe 1960 Australian Championships was a tennis tournament that took place on outdoor Grass courts at the Milton Courts, Brisbane, Australia from 22 January to 1 February. It was the 48th edition of the Australian Championships (now known as the Australian Open), the 5th held in Brisbane, and the first Grand Slam tournament of the year. The singles titles were won by Rod Laver and Margaret Smith.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [29, 29], "content_span": [30, 428]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077885-0001-0000", "contents": "1960 Australian Championships, Champions, Men's Singles\nRod Laver defeated  Neale Fraser  5\u20137, 3\u20136, 6\u20133, 8\u20136, 8\u20136", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 55], "content_span": [56, 113]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077885-0002-0000", "contents": "1960 Australian Championships, Champions, Men's Doubles\nRod Laver /  Bob Mark defeated  Roy Emerson /  Neale Fraser 1\u20136, 6\u20132, 6\u20134, 6\u20134", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 55], "content_span": [56, 134]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077885-0003-0000", "contents": "1960 Australian Championships, Champions, Women's Doubles\nMaria Bueno /  Christine Truman defeated  Lorraine Robinson /  Margaret Smith 6\u20132, 5\u20137, 6\u20132", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 57], "content_span": [58, 149]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077885-0004-0000", "contents": "1960 Australian Championships, Champions, Mixed Doubles\nJan Lehane /  Trevor Fancutt defeated  Mary Carter Reitano /  Bob Mark 6\u20132, 7\u20135", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 55], "content_span": [56, 135]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077886-0000-0000", "contents": "1960 Australian Championships \u2013 Men's Singles\nThird-seeded Rod Laver defeated Neale Fraser 5\u20137, 3\u20136, 6\u20133, 8\u20136, 8\u20136 in the final to win the Men's Singles tennis title at the 1960 Australian Championships.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 45], "section_span": [45, 45], "content_span": [46, 203]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077886-0001-0000", "contents": "1960 Australian Championships \u2013 Men's Singles, Seeds\nThe seeded players are listed below. Rod Laver is the champion; others show the round in which they were eliminated.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 45], "section_span": [47, 52], "content_span": [53, 169]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077887-0000-0000", "contents": "1960 Australian Championships \u2013 Women's Singles\nSeventh-seeded Margaret Smith defeated Jan Lehane 7\u20135, 6\u20132 in the final to win the Women's Singles tennis title at the 1960 Australian Championships. This was Smith's 1st of a record 24 Grand Slam titles.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 47], "section_span": [47, 47], "content_span": [48, 252]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077887-0001-0000", "contents": "1960 Australian Championships \u2013 Women's Singles, Seeds\nThe seeded players are listed below. Margaret Smith is the champion; others show the round in which they were eliminated.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 47], "section_span": [49, 54], "content_span": [55, 176]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077888-0000-0000", "contents": "1960 Australian Drivers' Championship\nThe 1960 Australian Drivers' Championship was a CAMS sanctioned national motor racing title for drivers of Formula Libre cars. The title was contested over a seven race series with the winner awarded the 1960 CAMS Gold Star. It was the 4th Australian Drivers' Championship.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [37, 37], "content_span": [38, 311]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077888-0001-0000", "contents": "1960 Australian Drivers' Championship\nThe series was won by Alec Mildren of the Australian Capital Territory, driving his Maserati powered Cooper T51. Mildren won four of the seven races, including the 1960 Australian Grand Prix at Lowood and placed second at Longford to finish 14 points ahead of Bib Stillwell (Cooper T51-Climax). Stillwell and third placed driver Bill Patterson (Cooper T51-Climax) each won one race, at Port Wakefield and Phillip Island respectively, as did Jack Brabham, who won at Longford in his Cooper T51-Climax.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [37, 37], "content_span": [38, 538]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077888-0002-0000", "contents": "1960 Australian Drivers' Championship, Points system\nChampionship points were awarded on a 12-7-5-3-2-1 basis for the first six places at each race, with only Australian license holders eligible. The championship was decided using the results of the Australian Grand Prix and the best five of the other six races.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [39, 52], "content_span": [53, 313]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077889-0000-0000", "contents": "1960 Australian GT Championship\nThe 1960 Australian GT Championship was a CAMS sanctioned Australian motor racing title for drivers of cars complying with Appendix K Gran Turismo regulations. The title, which was the inaugural Australian GT Championship, was contested over a single 50-mile race held at the Mount Panorama Circuit, Bathurst, New South Wales on 2 October 1960.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [31, 31], "content_span": [32, 376]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077889-0001-0000", "contents": "1960 Australian GT Championship\nThe championship was won by Leo Geoghegan driving a Lotus Elite.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [31, 31], "content_span": [32, 96]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077890-0000-0000", "contents": "1960 Australian Grand Prix\nThe 1960 Australian Grand Prix was a motor race held at Lowood in Queensland, Australia on 12 June 1960. The race had 16 starters.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [26, 26], "content_span": [27, 157]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077890-0001-0000", "contents": "1960 Australian Grand Prix\nIt was the twenty fifth Australian Grand Prix. Alec Mildren won his only AGP, which was also the second AGP victory for a rear-engined racing car. Mildren eschewed the more usual Coventry Climax FPF engine in favour of a Maserati sports car unit to power his Cooper T51, one of many competitors at the time who tried sports car engines in racing car chassis. Davison's Aston Martin DBR4 too had a sports car engine replacing the 2.5-litre powerplant, this being 3.0 litre unit from a DBR1.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [26, 26], "content_span": [27, 516]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077891-0000-0000", "contents": "1960 Australian Labor Party leadership election\nA leadership ballot in the Australian Labor Party, the opposition party in the Parliament of Australia, was held on 7 March 1960. It followed the retirement of previous leader H. V. Evatt. Calwell received 42 votes to Reg Pollard's 30 in a caucus ballot. Future Prime Minister Gough Whitlam would defeat Eddie Ward to become Calwell's deputy.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 47], "section_span": [47, 47], "content_span": [48, 390]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077891-0001-0000", "contents": "1960 Australian Labor Party leadership election\nThis marked the first time that the party elected a new leader which wasn't triggered by the death of an incumbent leader since the retirement of former Prime Minister James Scullin as leader in 1935.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 47], "section_span": [47, 47], "content_span": [48, 248]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077892-0000-0000", "contents": "1960 Australian Touring Car Championship\nThe 1960 Australian Touring Car Championship was a CAMS sanctioned motor racing title for drivers of Appendix J Touring Cars. The title, which was the inaugural Australian Touring Car Championship, was contested over a single 20 lap, 75 mile race held on 1 February 1960 at the Gnoo Blas Motor Racing Circuit near Orange in New South Wales. The race was the first to be run under Appendix J Touring Car regulations, ushering in a new era that would last until January 1965 when CAMS replaced Appendix J with Group C for Improved Production Touring Cars.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [40, 40], "content_span": [41, 594]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077892-0001-0000", "contents": "1960 Australian Touring Car Championship\nThe championship was won by David McKay driving a Jaguar Mark 1 3.4 Litre.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [40, 40], "content_span": [41, 115]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077892-0002-0000", "contents": "1960 Australian Touring Car Championship, Race\nThis, the first Australian touring car race to be run under a set of national regulations which defined a level of modification, was dominated by the three Jaguar Mark 1 drivers. The journalist racer David McKay, remembered for his efforts promoting racing cars and sports cars with his Scuderia Veloce team, claimed the racing achievement he is best remembered for, in a touring car race.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [42, 46], "content_span": [47, 436]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077892-0003-0000", "contents": "1960 Australian Touring Car Championship, Race\nA single day of practice was held on Sunday, 31 January, with the fastest lap times from official practice used to set the grid for the race the following day. McKay set the fastest lap time of 2:40 to take pole position, with Bill Pitt and Ron Hodgson, also in Jaguars, setting times of 2:41 and 2:42 respectively to line up second and third on the grid. Later in the day, Hodgson set a lap time of 2:39 in unofficial practice. Multiple cars, including the three Jaguars, suffered overheating problems during the day, while Hodgson also had gearbox troubles with the car jumping out of gear. Roy Sawyer blew an engine which was rebuilt overnight.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [42, 46], "content_span": [47, 694]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077892-0004-0000", "contents": "1960 Australian Touring Car Championship, Race\nHodgson led away from the start, getting the jump on McKay and Pitt, with the three Jaguars quickly pulling away from the rest of the field. All three drivers missed their brake markers going into Windsock Corner on lap 1, with Hodgson running wide and McKay and Pitt both spinning. This gave Hodgson a lead heading into lap 2 but McKay caught him halfway through the lap. Hodgson again left his braking too late at Windsock, allowing McKay, Pitt and several other cars through. By the time Hodgson restarted his car, he was around one minute down on McKay and Pitt. Hodgson was able to regain third place within the next lap, leaving Max Volkers in fourth while Ian Geoghegan led a battle for fifth until blowing a head gasket.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [42, 46], "content_span": [47, 775]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077892-0005-0000", "contents": "1960 Australian Touring Car Championship, Race\nBy lap 14, McKay had a lead of 26 seconds over Pitt, while rain was beginning to fall over the circuit. Sawyer spun his car coming over the crest at Connaghans Corner, hitting the inside bank and rolling. Jack van Schaik narrowly missed Sawyer's car while Ken Miller scraped his roof on one of Sawyer's bumpers. Des West stopped to help Sawyer escape the car while the driver of a Ford Zephyr had also stopped, their car blocking the track. After helping Sawyer, West burned his hands while restarting his own car.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [42, 46], "content_span": [47, 561]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077892-0005-0001", "contents": "1960 Australian Touring Car Championship, Race\nMcKay was able to slow safely as he approached the scene but was forced to use his car to move the stationary Zephyr out of the way. This allowed Pitt to close the gap and he took the lead when McKay spun on the following lap. However, the overdrive mechanism in Pitt's car began to fail and McKay was able to retake the lead with two laps remaining. McKay led to the finish, six seconds ahead of Pitt, with Hodgson more than a minute behind. Volkers was the best of the rest, finishing one lap down in fourth place.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [42, 46], "content_span": [47, 563]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077893-0000-0000", "contents": "1960 Australian Tourist Trophy\nThe 1960 Australian Tourist Trophy was a motor race for sports cars, staged at the Longford Circuit in Tasmania, Australia on Monday, 7 March 1960. It was the fourth in a sequence of annual Australian Tourist Trophy races, with each of these being recognized by the Confederation of Australian Motor Sport as the Australian Championship for sports cars.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [30, 30], "content_span": [31, 384]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077893-0001-0000", "contents": "1960 Australian Tourist Trophy\nThe race was won by Derek Jolly driving a Lotus 15.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [30, 30], "content_span": [31, 82]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077894-0000-0000", "contents": "1960 BC Lions season\nThe 1960 BC Lions finished the season in fourth place in the W.I.F.U. with a 5\u20139\u20132 record. Coming off of last season's success, the fan attendance continued to be strong, with most games close or over 30,000 fans per game. However, due to inconsistent quarterbacking from Jim Walden and Randy Duncan, the Lions failed to make the playoffs in consecutive seasons.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [20, 20], "content_span": [21, 383]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077894-0001-0000", "contents": "1960 BC Lions season\nOn the bright side, running back Willie Fleming made the All-Star team with a team record 1,051 yards rushing for an astounding 8.4 yards per carry average. The Winnipeg Blue Bombers continued their dominance over the Lions, sweeping all four games and improving their all time mark to 24\u20134 versus BC.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [20, 20], "content_span": [21, 322]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077894-0002-0000", "contents": "1960 BC Lions season\nThe Lions changed their uniforms to a primarily Black scheme for the first time and introduced a \"1930s-style\" winged football helmet design.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [20, 20], "content_span": [21, 162]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077894-0003-0000", "contents": "1960 BC Lions season, 1960 CFL Awards\nNeal Beaumont won the CFL Rockie of the Year Award. The trophy at that time was known as the Dr. Beattie Martin Trophy.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [22, 37], "content_span": [38, 157]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077895-0000-0000", "contents": "1960 BRDC International Trophy\nThe 12th BRDC International Trophy was a motor race, run to Formula One rules, held on 14 May 1960 at the Silverstone Circuit, England. The race was run over 50 laps of the Silverstone Grand Prix circuit, and was won by British driver Innes Ireland in a Lotus 18. The race was marred by the death of experienced American driver Harry Schell in a violent accident during practice in wet conditions.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [30, 30], "content_span": [31, 428]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077895-0001-0000", "contents": "1960 BRDC International Trophy\nThe field also included several Formula Two cars. They were the Coopers of Denis Hulme, Tony Marsh, John Campbell-Jones, Tim Parnell and Chris Bristow.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [30, 30], "content_span": [31, 182]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077896-0000-0000", "contents": "1960 BYU Cougars football team\nThe 1960 BYU Cougars football team represented Brigham Young University in the Skyline Conference during the 1960 NCAA University Division football season. In their second and final season under head coach Tally Stevens, the Cougars compiled a 3\u20138 record (2\u20135 against conference opponents), tied for fifth place in the conference, and were outscored by all opponents by a combined total of 207 to 102.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [30, 30], "content_span": [31, 432]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077896-0001-0000", "contents": "1960 BYU Cougars football team\nThe team's statistical leaders included Bud Belnap with 285 passing yards and Jack Gifford with 254 rushing yards, 138 receiving yards, and 18 points scored.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [30, 30], "content_span": [31, 188]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077897-0000-0000", "contents": "1960 Balaclava by-election\nA by-election was held for the Australian House of Representatives seat of Balaclava on 16 July 1960. This was triggered by the resignation of Liberal MP Percy Joske. A by-election for the seat of Bendigo was held on the same day.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [26, 26], "content_span": [27, 257]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077898-0000-0000", "contents": "1960 Ball State Cardinals football team\nThe 1960 Ball State Cardinals football team was an American football team that represented Ball State Teachers College (later renamed Ball State University) in the Indiana Collegiate Conference (ICC) during the 1960 NCAA College Division football season. In its fifth season under head coach Jim Freeman, the team compiled a 3\u20135 record and tied for fifth place out of seven teams in the ICC.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [39, 39], "content_span": [40, 431]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077899-0000-0000", "contents": "1960 Ballon d'Or\nThe 1960 Ballon d'Or, given to the best football player in Europe as judged by a panel of sports journalists from UEFA member countries, was awarded to Luis Su\u00e1rez on 13 December 1960.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 16], "section_span": [16, 16], "content_span": [17, 201]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077900-0000-0000", "contents": "1960 Baltimore Colts season\nThe 1960 Baltimore Colts season was the eighth for the team in the National Football League. The season started well for the Colts going 6 to 2. The team looked like they would win their third straight championship. Then in a game on Dec. 4th against the Detroit Lions, star running back Alan Ameche tore his Achilles tendon and missed the final two games. The injury ended his career. With Ameche out, the Colts ended the season losing their last three games, for a total of four consecutive losses. Their record was 6 wins and 6 losses. The team went from first to fourth place in the Western Conference. As a result, their two-year reign as NFL champions came to an end.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [27, 27], "content_span": [28, 701]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077900-0001-0000", "contents": "1960 Baltimore Colts season, Regular season, Game summaries, Week 1\nJohnny Unitas extends his record TD-a-game string to 38 with a scoring pass to Raymond Berry. Lenny Moore rammed 4 yards for a touchdown, and Steve Myhra kicked 28 and 18-yard field goals as the Colts began their challenge (unsuccessfully at the end) for a 3rd straight World Championship.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 67], "content_span": [68, 357]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077900-0002-0000", "contents": "1960 Baltimore Colts season, Standings\nNote: Tie games were not officially counted in the standings until 1972.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 38], "content_span": [39, 111]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077901-0000-0000", "contents": "1960 Baltimore Orioles season\nThe 1960 Baltimore Orioles season involved the Orioles finishing second in the American League with a record of 89 wins and 65 losses, eight games behind the AL Champion New York Yankees, it was their first winning season since moving to Baltimore in 1954.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [29, 29], "content_span": [30, 286]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077901-0001-0000", "contents": "1960 Baltimore Orioles season, Player stats, Batting, Starters by position\nNote: Pos = Position; G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 74], "content_span": [75, 199]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077901-0002-0000", "contents": "1960 Baltimore Orioles season, Player stats, Batting, Other batters\nNote: G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 67], "content_span": [68, 176]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077901-0003-0000", "contents": "1960 Baltimore Orioles season, Player stats, Pitching, Starting pitchers\nNote: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 72], "content_span": [73, 183]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077901-0004-0000", "contents": "1960 Baltimore Orioles season, Player stats, Pitching, Other pitchers\nNote: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 69], "content_span": [70, 180]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077901-0005-0000", "contents": "1960 Baltimore Orioles season, Player stats, Pitching, Relief pitchers\nNote: G = Games pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; SV = Saves; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 70], "content_span": [71, 171]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077902-0000-0000", "contents": "1960 Baseball Hall of Fame balloting\nElections to Baseball Hall of Fame for 1960 followed a system established after the 1956 election. The Veterans Committee was meeting only in odd-numbered years (until 1962). The Baseball Writers' Association of America (BBWAA) voted by mail to select from recent major league players, and as had been the case in 1958, elected no one. For the third time, the induction ceremonies in Cooperstown, New York, were canceled because there was no one to induct. This would be the last time until 2021 that no one was selected for induction to the Hall.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [36, 36], "content_span": [37, 584]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077902-0001-0000", "contents": "1960 Baseball Hall of Fame balloting, BBWAA election\nThe BBWAA was authorized to elect players active in 1930 or later, but not after 1954. All 10-year members of the BBWAA were eligible to vote.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 52], "content_span": [53, 195]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077902-0002-0000", "contents": "1960 Baseball Hall of Fame balloting, BBWAA election\nVoters were instructed to cast votes for up to 10 candidates; any candidate receiving votes on at least 75% of the ballots would be honored with induction to the Hall. A total of 134 players received votes; 269 ballots were cast, with 202 votes required for election. A total of 2,288 individual votes were cast, an average of 8.51 per ballot.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 52], "content_span": [53, 396]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077902-0003-0000", "contents": "1960 Baseball Hall of Fame balloting, BBWAA election\nCandidates who were eligible for the first time are indicated here with a dagger (\u2020). Candidates who have since been elected in subsequent elections are indicated in italics.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 52], "content_span": [53, 227]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077902-0004-0000", "contents": "1960 Baseball Hall of Fame balloting, BBWAA election\nCopies of the 1958 and 1960 ballots are not available, reportedly listing \"about 400\" and 237 players, respectively. Eight candidates may have received votes for the first time who were previously eligible: Miller, White, Kress, Crowder, Danning, Keltner, Walberg, and Zachary (in table order). The votes for Ralph Kiner may have been write-ins; he played until 1955 and should have been ineligible. Lefty Grove received six votes despite the fact that he had already been elected to the Hall of Fame, in 1947.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 52], "content_span": [53, 563]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077902-0005-0000", "contents": "1960 Baseball Hall of Fame balloting, BBWAA election\nThe next ballot for 1962 did not include a list of names. Twenty-six candidates who received at least one vote in 1960 may have been eligible for the final time: Edd Roush, Hank Gowdy, Bucky Harris, Dave Bancroft, Joe Sewell, Nick Altrock, Joe Judge, Howard Ehmke, Eddie Rommel, Wally Schang, Cy Williams, Bob Meusel, Joe Dugan, Babe Herman, Lew Fonseca, Mike Gonz\u00e1lez, Marty McManus, Jack Quinn, Bill Sherdel, Sparky Adams, Ray Blades, Heinie Groh, Bubbles Hargrave, Addie Joss, Freddy Leach and Hans Lobert.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 52], "content_span": [53, 562]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077903-0000-0000", "contents": "1960 Basutoland general election\nGeneral elections were held in Basutoland in 1960 after a new Constitution was approved by the British authorities in September 1959. The public elected nine District Councils with a total of 162 members on 20 January. The District Councils subsequently elected 40 members of the National Council, with a further 14 members nominated by Moshoeshoe II, 22 members drawn from principal and ward chiefs and four members from among senior government officials.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [32, 32], "content_span": [33, 489]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077903-0001-0000", "contents": "1960 Basutoland general election\nVoter turnout was very low, with just 35,000 of the 191,000 registered voters taking part in the election. The new National Council was opened on 12 March.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [32, 32], "content_span": [33, 188]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077904-0000-0000", "contents": "1960 Bathurst 100\nThe 1960 Bathurst 100 was a motor race staged at the Mount Panorama Circuit near Bathurst in New South Wales, Australia on 18 April 1960. The race was contested over 26 laps at a total distance of approximately 100 miles and it was Round 2 of the 1960 Australian Drivers' Championship.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [17, 17], "content_span": [18, 303]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077904-0001-0000", "contents": "1960 Bathurst 100\nThe race was won by Alec Mildren driving a Cooper T51 Maserati.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [17, 17], "content_span": [18, 81]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077905-0000-0000", "contents": "1960 Baylor Bears football team\nThe 1960 Baylor Bears football team represented Baylor University during the 1960 NCAA University Division football season. The Bears were led by second-year head coach John Bridgers and played their home games at Baylor Stadium in Waco, Texas. They competed as members of the Southwest Conference, finishing in second and ranked 12th in the final AP Poll with a regular season record of 8\u20132 (5\u20132 SWC). They were invited to the 1960 Gator Bowl, where they lost to Florida, 12\u201313.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [31, 31], "content_span": [32, 511]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077906-0000-0000", "contents": "1960 Belgian Congo general election\nGeneral elections were held in the Belgian Congo on 22 May 1960, in order to create a government to rule the country following independence as the Republic of the Congo (Congo-L\u00e9opoldville), scheduled for 30 June. The 137-seat Chamber of Deputies was elected by men over the age of 21. The seats were filled by district-based lists, although only two parties, the Mouvement National Congolais-Lumumba (MNC-L) and the Parti National du Progr\u00e8s, submitted lists in more than one district.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [35, 35], "content_span": [36, 522]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077906-0001-0000", "contents": "1960 Belgian Congo general election\nThe MNC-L, led by Patrice Lumumba, won the most seats and Lumumba was confirmed as Prime Minister by Parliament after forming a coalition that included the Parti Solidaire Africain, Centre de Regroupment Africain and other parties. Voter turnout was 81.8%.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [35, 35], "content_span": [36, 292]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077906-0002-0000", "contents": "1960 Belgian Congo general election\nFollowing the election, an 84-seat Senate was elected by Provincial Assembly members, and the two chambers elected Joseph Kasa-Vubu of ABAKO as President after some days of turmoil.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [35, 35], "content_span": [36, 217]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077906-0003-0000", "contents": "1960 Belgian Congo general election, Background, Belgian rule of the Congo\nColonial rule in the Congo began in the late 19th century. King Leopold II of Belgium, frustrated by Belgium's lack of international power and prestige, attempted to persuade the Belgian government to support colonial expansion around the largely unexplored Congo Basin. The Belgian government's ambivalence about the idea led Leopold to eventually create the colony on his own account, achieving international recognition for  the Congo Free State in 1885.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 74], "content_span": [75, 532]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077906-0003-0001", "contents": "1960 Belgian Congo general election, Background, Belgian rule of the Congo\nBy the turn of the century, however, the violence of Free State officials against indigenous Congolese and the ruthless system of economic extraction had led to intense diplomatic pressure on Belgium to take official control of the country, which it did in 1908, creating the Belgian Congo. The colony was divided into six provinces: L\u00e9opoldville, \u00c9quateur, Orientale, Kivu, Kasa\u00ef, and Katanga. The city of L\u00e9opoldville was designated as the capital in 1923.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 74], "content_span": [75, 533]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077906-0004-0000", "contents": "1960 Belgian Congo general election, Background, Belgian rule of the Congo\nBelgian rule in the Congo was based around the \"colonial trinity\" (trinit\u00e9 coloniale) of state, missionary and private company interests. The privileging of Belgian commercial interests meant that capital sometimes flowed back into the Congo and that individual regions became specialised. The country was split into nesting, hierarchically organised administrative subdivisions, and run uniformly according to a set \"native policy\" (politique indig\u00e8ne). As early as the 1920s, the Congo possessed one of the densest colonial regimes in Africa.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 74], "content_span": [75, 619]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077906-0004-0001", "contents": "1960 Belgian Congo general election, Background, Belgian rule of the Congo\nThe administration was heavily involved in the life of the Congolese; Belgian functionaries (government civil servants) closely monitored and enforced agricultural production, provided medical services to many residents, and frequently toured even the most rural territories to oversee their subjects. There was also a high degree of racial segregation between the native and white populations, the latter of which grew considerably after the end of World War II due to immigration from Europe.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 74], "content_span": [75, 569]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077906-0005-0000", "contents": "1960 Belgian Congo general election, Background, Rise in Congolese political activity\nDuring the latter stages of World War II a new social stratum emerged in the Congo, known as the \u00e9volu\u00e9s. Forming an African middle class in the colony, they held skilled positions (such as clerks and nurses) made available by the economic boom. While there were no universal criteria for determining \u00e9volu\u00e9 status, it was generally accepted that one would have \"a good knowledge of French, adhere to Christianity, and have some form of post-primary education.\" Early on in their history, most \u00e9volu\u00e9s sought to use their unique status to earn special privileges in the Congo.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 85], "content_span": [86, 662]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077906-0005-0001", "contents": "1960 Belgian Congo general election, Background, Rise in Congolese political activity\nSince opportunities for upward mobility through the colonial structure were limited, the \u00e9volu\u00e9 class institutionally manifested itself in elite clubs through which they could enjoy trivial privileges that made them feel distinct from the Congolese \"masses\". Additional groups, such as labour unions, alumni associations, and ethnic syndicates, provided other Congolese the means of organisation. Among the most important of these was the Alliance des Bakongo (ABAKO), representing the Kongo people of the Lower Congo. However, they were restricted in their actions by the administration. While white settlers were consulted in the appointment of certain officials, the Congolese had no means of expressing their beliefs through the governing structures. Though native chiefs held legal authority in some jurisdictions, in practice they were used by the administration to further its own policies.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 85], "content_span": [86, 983]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077906-0006-0000", "contents": "1960 Belgian Congo general election, Background, Rise in Congolese political activity\nUp into the 1950s most \u00e9volu\u00e9s were concerned only with social inequalities and their treatment by the Belgians. Questions of self-government were not considered until 1954, when ABAKO requested that the administration consider a list of suggested candidates for a L\u00e9opoldville municipal post. That year the association was taken over by Joseph Kasa-Vubu, and under his leadership it became increasingly hostile to the colonial authority and sought autonomy for the Kongo regions in the Lower Congo.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 85], "content_span": [86, 585]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077906-0006-0001", "contents": "1960 Belgian Congo general election, Background, Rise in Congolese political activity\nIn 1956 a group of Congolese intellectuals under the tutelage of several European academics issued a manifesto calling for a transition to independence over the course of 30 years. The ABAKO quickly responded with a demand for \"immediate independence\". The Belgian government was not prepared to grant the Congo independence and even when it started realising the necessity of a plan for decolonisation in 1957, it was assumed that such a process would be solidly controlled by Belgium. In December 1957 the colonial administration instituted reforms that permitted municipal elections and the formation of political parties.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 85], "content_span": [86, 711]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077906-0006-0002", "contents": "1960 Belgian Congo general election, Background, Rise in Congolese political activity\nSome Belgian parties attempted to establish branches in the colony, but these were largely ignored by the population in favour of Congolese-initiated groups. Nationalism fermented in 1958 as more \u00e9volu\u00e9s began interacting with others outside of their own locales and started discussing the future structures of a post-colonial Congolese state. Nevertheless, most political mobilisation occurred along tribal and regional divisions. In Katanga, various tribal groups came together to form the Conf\u00e9d\u00e9ration des associations tribales du Katanga (CONAKAT) under the leadership of Godefroid Munongo and Mo\u00efse Tshombe. Hostile to immigrant peoples, it advocated provincial autonomy and close ties with Belgium. Most of its support was rooted in individual chiefs, businessmen, and European settlers of southern Katanga. It was opposed by Jason Sendwe's Association G\u00e9n\u00e9rale des Baluba du Katanga (BALUBAKAT).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 85], "content_span": [86, 989]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077906-0007-0000", "contents": "1960 Belgian Congo general election, Background, Rise in Congolese political activity\nIn October 1958 a group of L\u00e9opoldville \u00e9volu\u00e9s including Patrice Lumumba, Cyrille Adoula and Joseph Il\u00e9o established the Mouvement National Congolais (MNC). Diverse in membership, the party sought to peacefully achieve Congolese independence, promote the political education of the populace, and eliminate regionalism. The MNC drew most of its membership from the residents of the eastern city of Stanleyville, where Lumumba was well known, and from the population of the Kasai Province, where efforts were directed by a Muluba businessman, Albert Kalonji.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 85], "content_span": [86, 643]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077906-0007-0001", "contents": "1960 Belgian Congo general election, Background, Rise in Congolese political activity\nBelgian officials appreciated its moderate and anti-separatist stance and allowed Lumumba to attend the All-African Peoples' Conference in Accra, Ghana, in December 1958 (Kasa-Vubu was informed that the documents necessary for his travel to the event were not in order and was not permitted to go). Lumumba was deeply impressed by the Pan-Africanist ideals of Ghanaian President Kwame Nkrumah and returned to the Congo with a more radical party programme. He reported on his trip during a widely-attended rally in L\u00e9opoldville and demanded the country's \"genuine\" independence.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 85], "content_span": [86, 663]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077906-0008-0000", "contents": "1960 Belgian Congo general election, Background, Rise in Congolese political activity\nFearing that they were being overshadowed by Lumumba and the MNC, Kasa-Vubu and the ABAKO leadership announced that they would be hosting their own rally in the capital on 4 January 1959. The municipal government (under Belgian domination) was given short notice, and communicated that only a \"private meeting\" would be authorised. On the scheduled day of the rally the ABAKO leadership told the crowd that had gathered that the event was postponed and that they should disperse.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 85], "content_span": [86, 565]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077906-0008-0001", "contents": "1960 Belgian Congo general election, Background, Rise in Congolese political activity\nThe mass was infuriated and instead began hurling stones at the police and pillaging European property, initiating three days of violent and destructive riots. The Force Publique, the colonial army, was called into service and suppressed the revolt with considerable brutality. In wake of the riots Kasa-Vubu and his lieutenants were arrested. Unlike earlier expressions of discontent, the grievances were conveyed primarily by uneducated urban residents, not \u00e9volu\u00e9s. Popular opinion in Belgium was one of extreme shock and surprise. An investigative commission found the riots to be the culmination of racial discrimination, overcrowding, unemployment, and wishes for more political self-determination. On 13 January the administration announced several reforms, and the Belgian King, Baudouin, declared that independence would be granted to the Congo in the future.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 85], "content_span": [86, 954]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077906-0009-0000", "contents": "1960 Belgian Congo general election, Background, Rise in Congolese political activity\nMeanwhile, discontent surfaced among the MNC leadership, who were bothered by Lumumba's domination over the party's politics. Relations between Lumumba and Kalonji also grew tense, as the former was upset with how the latter was transforming the Kasai branch into an exclusively Luba group and antagonising other tribes. This culminated into the split of the party into the MNC-Lumumba/MNC-L under Lumumba and the MNC-Kalonji/MNC-K under Kalonji and Il\u00e9o. The latter began advocating federalism. Adoula left the organisation. Alone to lead his own faction and facing competition from ABAKO, Lumumba became increasingly strident in his demands for independence.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 85], "content_span": [86, 746]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077906-0009-0001", "contents": "1960 Belgian Congo general election, Background, Rise in Congolese political activity\nFollowing an October riot in Stanleyville he was arrested. Nevertheless, the influence of himself and the MNC-L continued to grow rapidly. The party advocated for a strong unitary state, nationalism, and the termination of Belgian rule and began forming alliances with regional groups, such as the Kivu-based Centre du Regroupement Africain (CEREA). Though the Belgians supported a unitary system over the federal models suggested by ABAKO and CONAKAT, they and more moderate Congolese were unnerved by Lumumba's increasingly extremist attitudes.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 85], "content_span": [86, 632]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077906-0009-0002", "contents": "1960 Belgian Congo general election, Background, Rise in Congolese political activity\nWith the implicit support of the colonial administration, the moderates formed the Parti National du Progr\u00e8s (PNP) under the leadership of Paul Bolya and Albert Delvaux. It advocated centralisation, respect for traditional elements, and close ties with Belgium. In southern L\u00e9opoldville Province, a socialist-federalist party, the Parti Solidaire Africain (PSA) was founded. Antoine Gizenga served as its president, and Cl\u00e9ophas Kamitatu was in charge of the L\u00e9opoldville Province chapter.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 85], "content_span": [86, 575]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077906-0010-0000", "contents": "1960 Belgian Congo general election, Background, The Belgo-Congolese Round Table Conference\nAfter the riots of 4 January 1959 Belgian leaders became increasingly fearful of a violent political conflict emerging in the Congo. The security situation in the country deteriorated over the course of the year, especially in the Lower Congo and in Kasai, where violent clashes between Baluba and Lulua were taking place. Fearing the degeneration of the unrest into a colonial war and facing intense pressure for reform, in late 1959 the Belgian government announced that it would host a round table conference in Brussels in 1960 with the Congolese leadership to discuss the political future of the country.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 91], "content_span": [92, 701]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077906-0011-0000", "contents": "1960 Belgian Congo general election, Background, The Belgo-Congolese Round Table Conference\nOn the eve of the conference the Congolese delegations banded into a \"Common Front\" and demanded that all decisions be made binding on the Belgian government and that the Congo be granted immediate independence. The conference formally opened on 20 January. In the first speech, the Belgian Prime Minister assured that the Congo would be granted independence but did not specify a date. Serious negotiations did not commence until the following day. Kasa-Vubu demanded that a Congolese government be formed immediately, but his request was denied.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 91], "content_span": [92, 639]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077906-0011-0001", "contents": "1960 Belgian Congo general election, Background, The Belgo-Congolese Round Table Conference\nDisagreements between him and the Belgians over the competence of the conference led to the former walking out during the negotiations. It was then suggested that the date of independence be discussed. Lumumba, meanwhile, was released from prison and flew to Brussels to participate in the conference. On 27 January he made his first appearance and voiced his support for independence. After some discussion the Common Front accepted the date of 30 June 1960 for sovereignty to be granted to the Congo. The decisions of the delegates were ratified in a series of resolutions on 19 February and the conference closed the following day.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 91], "content_span": [92, 726]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077906-0012-0000", "contents": "1960 Belgian Congo general election, Background, The Loi Fondamentale\nIt was decided at the Round Table Conference that the resolutions the participants adopted would serve as the basis for the Loi Fondamentale (Fundamental Law), a temporary draft constitution left for the Congo until a permanent one could be promulgated by a Congolese parliament. Summarising the similarities between the Loi Fondementale and the Constitution of Belgium, Raymond Scheyven, Minister-in-charge of Economic Affairs for the Congo, observed, \"We have presented the Congolese with a political system similar to ours.... It features communes, provincial assemblies, a bicameral system, and a political system where the head of state is irresponsible.\"", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 69], "content_span": [70, 730]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077906-0013-0000", "contents": "1960 Belgian Congo general election, Background, The Loi Fondamentale\nThe division of executive power between a presumably symbolic head of state and head of government was the most noticeable and potentially harmful feature borrowed from the Belgian constitution. As in a parliamentary system, such power was to be exercised by a Prime Minister and a cabinet responsible to Parliament. If the cabinet lost the confidence of Parliament, a motion of censure would be passed (either with a simple majority in both houses of a two-thirds majority in a single house) and it would be dismissed. By comparison, the head of state (a President) was irresponsible and only had the power to ratify treaties, promulgate laws, and nominate high ranking officials (including the Prime Minister and the cabinet).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 69], "content_span": [70, 798]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077906-0014-0000", "contents": "1960 Belgian Congo general election, Background, The Loi Fondamentale\nA parliament was to be composed of a lower chamber and an upper chamber. The lower chamber (Chamber of Deputies) would consist of 137 members directly \"elected by universal suffrage according to the procedure fixed by the electoral law\" with one deputy for every 100,000 people. The upper chamber (Senate) would be composed of 14 members from each province, elected by the members of their respective provincial assemblies. Senators and deputies that assumed a ministerial post in the central government were allowed to retain their seats in Parliament. The provincial assemblies were unicameral and varied in size, depending on the population of the provinces they served.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 69], "content_span": [70, 743]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077906-0015-0000", "contents": "1960 Belgian Congo general election, Background, The Loi Fondamentale\nArticles 219 and 220 delineated the authority of the central and provincial governments. The division of authority, a compromise between the federalist and unitarianist politicians, was dubbed by Belgian lawyers as \"quasi-federalism\".", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 69], "content_span": [70, 304]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077906-0016-0000", "contents": "1960 Belgian Congo general election, Campaign\nEven though the date for independence had been established at the Round Table Conference, there was still substantial uncertainty throughout the Congo as to which faction would come to dominate politics in the new government. This caused deep anxiety among most of the electorate. As the Congolese had little experience in democratic processes, few eligible voters in rural areas realised the meaning and importance of an election, and even fewer understood electoral mechanics and procedure.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 45], "content_span": [46, 538]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077906-0017-0000", "contents": "1960 Belgian Congo general election, Campaign\nElectoral procedure was prescribed by the electoral law of 23 March 1960. Voting was compulsory for all \"males of Congolese status\". Yet in order to register, one had to be at least 21 years of age and had to have resided in their respective constituency for at least six months. In order to be a candidate for provincial or federal office, one had to be at least 25 years of age, been born to a Congolese mother, and had to have resided in the Congo for at least five years. For aspiring senators, the age requirement was 30.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 45], "content_span": [46, 572]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077906-0018-0000", "contents": "1960 Belgian Congo general election, Campaign\nThe official electoral campaign began on 11 May, marred by confusion and violence. Rival parties employed tactics that ranged from threats to sabotage of an opponent's headquarters to murder. Such intimidation was especially prevalent in areas that were under heavy influence from the militant sects of CEREA, the PSA, ABAKO, the MNC-L, and the MNC-K. This was due not only to such parties' own radical, differing beliefs but also to a general suspicion that the Belgians would organise the contest to favor the moderates.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 45], "content_span": [46, 568]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077906-0018-0001", "contents": "1960 Belgian Congo general election, Campaign\nWith the notable exceptions of CONAKAT, the PNP, and the Parti de l'Unit\u00e9 Nationale (PUNA), most parties' rhetoric was anti-colonial in focus. Frequent attacks on the colonial administration by candidates led to confusion among segments of the electorate, which were given the impression that all forms of government\u2014except welfare services\u2014were to be eliminated after independence. Openly socialist messages declined during the campaign, with the exception of Gizenga's speeches. Freedom of religion was also a major issue, especially in areas where Islam or separatist forms of Christianity were prominent.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 45], "content_span": [46, 654]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077906-0018-0002", "contents": "1960 Belgian Congo general election, Campaign\nThis led to attacks on the Catholic Church's monopoly on the education system. The MNC-L and the PNP were the only parties to launch significant national campaigns. The parties in favor of a unitary system of government tended to place their best candidates in the central government races, while their federalist counterparts focused on provincial campaigns.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 45], "content_span": [46, 405]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077906-0019-0000", "contents": "1960 Belgian Congo general election, Campaign\nIn the tumult of the last days of the Belgian domination, incidents caused returns to come late in some places.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 45], "content_span": [46, 157]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077906-0020-0000", "contents": "1960 Belgian Congo general election, Reactions\nAfter the results were announced, Lumumba stated, \"I am ready to co-operate with our opponents to from a national union government.\" Belgium was surprised by the MNC-L's electoral success. Belgians who had anticipated a PNP-led government were revolted at the prospect of Lumumba leading an independent Congo. Many members of the various foreign missions in the Congo, however, believed that he was the only man capable of bringing order and stability to the country.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 46], "content_span": [47, 514]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077907-0000-0000", "contents": "1960 Belgian Congo presidential election\nThe first election for the President of the Republic of the Congo, currently known as the Democratic Republic of the Congo, took place on June 24, 1960, six days before Congolese independence from Belgium. The President was elected by a joint seating of the two houses of the Congolese Parliament, the Senate and Chamber of Deputies, and had a largely ceremonial role.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [40, 40], "content_span": [41, 409]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077907-0000-0001", "contents": "1960 Belgian Congo presidential election\nJoseph Kasa-Vubu was elected with 159 votes against Jean Bolikango's 43, taking office on June 30 and appointing Patrice Lumumba as the country's first Prime Minister and head of government, later to be dismissed on September 5. Kasa-Vubu himself was overthrown in an army coup d'\u00e9tat by Major General Joseph-D\u00e9sire Mobutu, later Mobutu Sese Seko, on November 24, 1965, ushering in thirty years of dictatorship under Mobutu's Republic of Zaire.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [40, 40], "content_span": [41, 485]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077908-0000-0000", "contents": "1960 Belgian Grand Prix\nThe 1960 Belgian Grand Prix was a Formula One motor race held at Spa-Francorchamps on 19 June 1960. It was race 5 of 10 in the 1960 World Championship of Drivers and race 4 of 9 in the 1960 International Cup for Formula One Manufacturers. Stirling Moss and Mike Taylor were seriously injured in crashes during practice, and Chris Bristow and Alan Stacey were killed in accidents during the race. With the 1994 San Marino Grand Prix, it is one of two occasions in which two driver fatalities have occurred at a Formula One race meeting, and the only one where both occurred during the race itself.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [23, 23], "content_span": [24, 620]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077908-0001-0000", "contents": "1960 Belgian Grand Prix, Practice and race laps 1-19\nPractice for the event saw Stirling Moss and Mike Taylor injured in separate accidents, with Taylor suffering injuries after a crash at Stavelot which ended his racing career, and Moss injured seriously enough (two broken legs) after crashing at Burnenville to keep him out of racing for a number of months including the 1960 24 Hours of Le Mans. In the race itself, the Lotus drivers Innes Ireland and Jim Clark got off to good starts before Ireland eventually spun out with clutch trouble on lap 14.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 52], "content_span": [53, 554]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077908-0002-0000", "contents": "1960 Belgian Grand Prix, Fatal accidents\nOn lap 20 Chris Bristow, driving a year-old Cooper for the British Racing Partnership, went off line at Malmedy while battling for sixth place with the Ferrari of Mairesse. Bristow lost control, crashing into a four-foot high embankment and was thrown from his car, and landed on some barbed wire which beheaded him.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 40], "content_span": [41, 357]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077908-0003-0000", "contents": "1960 Belgian Grand Prix, Fatal accidents\nFive laps later, Alan Stacey was hit in the face by a bird at Masta, causing his car to crash, then somersault off the track and land in a field. The car then caught fire, and Stacey, still trapped inside, was burned to death. It was the only Formula One race meeting in which two drivers were killed until the deaths of Roland Ratzenberger and Ayrton Senna at the 1994 San Marino Grand Prix.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 40], "content_span": [41, 433]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077908-0004-0000", "contents": "1960 Belgian Grand Prix, Race conclusion\nThe race distance had been lengthened to 36 laps from 24 laps. The results highlight an unusual quirk in the rules regarding classification of non-finishers. Under modern rules, Graham Hill would have been classified third, since he completed lap 35 before the lapped Olivier Gendebien. Hill then retired, in the pits, but was not classified since he did not push his car over the line after the winner took the finish (as required by the rules of the time). In fact the rule about crossing the finishing line was inconsistently applied \u2013 at the 1959 German Grand Prix, Harry Schell was classified seventh despite only completing 49 of the race's 60 laps.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 40], "content_span": [41, 696]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077909-0000-0000", "contents": "1960 Belgian motorcycle Grand Prix\nThe 1960 Belgian motorcycle Grand Prix was the fourth round of the 1960 Grand Prix motorcycle racing season. It took place on 3 July 1960 at the Circuit de Spa-Francorchamps.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [34, 34], "content_span": [35, 209]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077910-0000-0000", "contents": "1960 Bendigo by-election\nA by-election was held for the Australian House of Representatives seat of Bendigo on 16 July 1960. This was triggered by the death of Labor MP Percy Clarey. A by-election for the seat of Balaclava was held on the same day.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [24, 24], "content_span": [25, 248]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077911-0000-0000", "contents": "1960 Big Ten Conference football season\nThe 1960 Big Ten Conference football season was the 65th season of college football played by the member schools of the Big Ten Conference and was a part of the 1960 NCAA University Division football season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [39, 39], "content_span": [40, 247]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077911-0001-0000", "contents": "1960 Big Ten Conference football season\nThe 1960 Minnesota Golden Gophers football team, under head coach Murray Warmath, compiled an 8\u20132 record, won the Big Ten championship, led the conference in scoring defense (8.8 points allowed per game), and lost to Washington in the 1961 Rose Bowl. The Golden Gophers were ranked No. 1 in the AP and Coaches Polls, both of which were released prior to the Rose Bowl. Guard Tom Brown was a consensus first-team All-American, won the Outland Trophy as college football's best interior lineman, finished second in the Heisman Trophy voting, and received the Chicago Tribune Silver Football as the Big Ten's most valuable player.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [39, 39], "content_span": [40, 667]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077911-0002-0000", "contents": "1960 Big Ten Conference football season\nThe 1960 Iowa Hawkeyes football team, in its final season under head coach Forest Evashevski, compiled an 8\u20131 record, led the Big Ten in scoring offense (26.0 points per game), and was ranked No. 3 in the final AP Poll and No. 2 in the final Coaches' Poll. Iowa's only loss was against Minnesota. Halfback Larry Ferguson, quarterback Wilburn Hollis, and guard Mark Manders were first-team All-Big Ten players.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [39, 39], "content_span": [40, 449]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077911-0003-0000", "contents": "1960 Big Ten Conference football season\nThe conference's statistical leaders included Ron Miller of Wisconsin with 1,351 passing yards, Bob Ferguson of Ohio State with 853 rushing yards and 78 points scored, Elbert Kimbrough of Northwestern with 378 receiving yards, and Tom Matte of Ohio State with 1,419 yards of total offense.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [39, 39], "content_span": [40, 329]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077911-0004-0000", "contents": "1960 Big Ten Conference football season, Season overview, Results and team statistics\nKeyAP final = Team's rank in the final AP Poll of the 1960 seasonAP high = Team's highest rank in the AP Poll throughout the 1960 seasonPPG = Average of points scored per gamePAG = Average of points allowed per gameMVP = Most valuable player as voted by players on each team as part of the voting process to determine the winner of the Chicago Tribune Silver Football trophy; trophy winner in bold", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 85], "content_span": [86, 483]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077911-0005-0000", "contents": "1960 Big Ten Conference football season, Statistical leaders\nThe Big Ten's individual statistical leaders for the 1960 season include the following:", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 60], "content_span": [61, 148]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077911-0006-0000", "contents": "1960 Big Ten Conference football season, Awards and honors, All-Big Ten honors\nThe following players were picked by the Associated Press (AP) and/or the United Press International (UPI) as first-team players on the 1960 All-Big Ten Conference football team.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 78], "content_span": [79, 257]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077911-0007-0000", "contents": "1960 Big Ten Conference football season, Awards and honors, All-American honors\nAt the end of the 1960 season, Big Ten players secured two of the 11 consensus first-team picks for the 1960 College Football All-America Team. The Big Ten's consensus All-Americans were:", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 79], "content_span": [80, 267]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077911-0008-0000", "contents": "1960 Big Ten Conference football season, Awards and honors, All-American honors\nOther Big Ten players who were named first-team All-Americans by at least one selector were:", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 79], "content_span": [80, 172]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077911-0009-0000", "contents": "1960 Big Ten Conference football season, Awards and honors, Other awards\nMinnesota's Tom Brown won the Outland Trophy as the best interior lineman in college football. He also finished second in the voting for the Heisman Trophy. Ohio State quarterback Tom Matte of finished seventh in the Heisman voting.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 72], "content_span": [73, 305]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077911-0010-0000", "contents": "1960 Big Ten Conference football season, 1961 NFL Draft\nThe following Big Ten players were among the first 100 picks in the 1961 NFL Draft:", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 55], "content_span": [56, 139]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077912-0000-0000", "contents": "1960 Birthday Honours\nThe Queen's Birthday Honours 1960 were appointments in many of the Commonwealth realms of Queen Elizabeth II to various orders and honours to reward and highlight good works by citizens of those countries. They were announced in supplements to the London Gazette of 3 June 1960 for the United Kingdom, Australia, New Zealand, Ghana, and the Federation of Rhodesia and Nyasaland.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [21, 21], "content_span": [22, 400]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077912-0001-0000", "contents": "1960 Birthday Honours\nAt this time honours for Australians were awarded both in the United Kingdom honours, on the advice of the premiers of Australian states, and also in a separate Australia honours list.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [21, 21], "content_span": [22, 206]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077912-0002-0000", "contents": "1960 Birthday Honours\nThe recipients of honours are displayed here as they were styled before their new honour, and arranged by honour, with classes (Knight, Knight Grand Cross, etc.) and then divisions (Military, Civil, etc.) as appropriate.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [21, 21], "content_span": [22, 242]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077912-0003-0000", "contents": "1960 Birthday Honours, United Kingdom and Commonwealth, Royal Victorian Order, Member of the Royal Victorian Order (MVO)\nAt this time the two lowest classes of the Royal Victorian Order were \"Member (fourth class)\" and \"Member (fifth class)\", both with post-nominal letters MVO. \"Member (fourth class)\" was renamed \"Lieutenant\" (LVO) from the 1985 New Year Honours onwards.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [23, 120], "content_span": [121, 373]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077913-0000-0000", "contents": "1960 Birthday Honours (New Zealand)\nThe 1960 Queen's Birthday Honours in New Zealand, celebrating the official birthday of Elizabeth II, were appointments made by the Queen on the advice of the New Zealand government to various orders and honours to reward and highlight good works by New Zealanders. They were announced on 11 June 1960.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [35, 35], "content_span": [36, 337]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077913-0001-0000", "contents": "1960 Birthday Honours (New Zealand)\nThe recipients of honours are displayed here as they were styled before their new honour.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [35, 35], "content_span": [36, 125]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077914-0000-0000", "contents": "1960 Bluebonnet Bowl\nThe 1960 Bluebonnet Bowl, part of the 1960 bowl game season, was the second annual contest and took place on December 17, 1960, at Rice Stadium in Houston, Texas. The competing teams were the Alabama Crimson Tide, representing the Southeastern Conference (SEC), and the Texas Longhorns, representing the Southwest Conference (SWC). In a defensive struggle, the game ended in a 3\u20133 tie.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [20, 20], "content_span": [21, 406]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077914-0001-0000", "contents": "1960 Bluebonnet Bowl, Teams, Alabama\nThe 1960 squad was Bear Bryant's third at Alabama. The Crimson Tide lost to Tennessee and tied Tulane en route to an 8\u20131\u20131 regular season. They accepted an invitation to play in the Bluebonnet Bowl against Texas following their 3\u20130 victory over long-time rival Auburn November 26. The appearance was the fourteenth overall bowl appearance and the first in the Bluebonnet Bowl for Alabama.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [22, 36], "content_span": [37, 425]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077914-0002-0000", "contents": "1960 Bluebonnet Bowl, Teams, Texas\nThe 1960 Texas squad finished the regular season 7\u20133. The Longhorns lost to Nebraska, Arkansas and Rice. They accepted an invitation to play in the Bluebonnet Bowl against Alabama following their 21\u201314 victory over long-time rival Texas A&M November 24. The appearance was the tenth overall bowl appearance and the first in the Bluebonnet Bowl for Texas.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [22, 34], "content_span": [35, 389]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077914-0003-0000", "contents": "1960 Bluebonnet Bowl, Game summary\nThe only points were scored on a pair of field goals. The first came in the third by Tommy Booker for Alabama and the second in the fourth by Dan Petty for Texas.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [22, 34], "content_span": [35, 197]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077915-0000-0000", "contents": "1960 Blyth by-election\nThe 1960 Blyth by-election was held in the constituency of Blyth, now Blyth Valley, on 24 November 1960, following the appointment of Alfred Robens, who had served as Member of Parliament since the constituency's establishment in 1950, as chair of the National Coal Board.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [22, 22], "content_span": [23, 295]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077915-0001-0000", "contents": "1960 Blyth by-election\nThree candidates stood: Eddie Milne of the Labour Party, Dennis Walters MBE for the Conservatives and Mr. C. Pym as an independent. The seat was considered a safe Labour hold, Robens having won the seat in the 1959 general election with a majority of 25,000.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [22, 22], "content_span": [23, 281]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077915-0002-0000", "contents": "1960 Blyth by-election\nThis proved to be the case, and Milne was elected with a reduced majority of 16,072 over the other two candidates. He would serve as MP for Blyth until 1974.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [22, 22], "content_span": [23, 180]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077916-0000-0000", "contents": "1960 Bolivian Primera Divisi\u00f3n\nThe 1960 Bolivian Primera Divisi\u00f3n, the first division of Bolivian football (soccer), was played by 8 teams. The champions were Jorge Wilstermann.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [30, 30], "content_span": [31, 177]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077917-0000-0000", "contents": "1960 Bolivian general election\nGeneral elections were held in Bolivia on 5 June 1960. V\u00edctor Paz Estenssoro of the Revolutionary Nationalist Movement (MNR) was elected President with 76% of the vote, whilst the MNR retained its large majority in Congress.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [30, 30], "content_span": [31, 255]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077918-0000-0000", "contents": "1960 Bolton East by-election\nThe Bolton East by-election, 1960 was a by-election held for the British House of Commons constituency of Bolton East in Lancashire on 16 November 1960. It was won by the Conservative Party candidate Edwin Taylor.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [28, 28], "content_span": [29, 242]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077918-0001-0000", "contents": "1960 Bolton East by-election, Vacancy\nThe seat became vacant when the sitting Conservative Member of Parliament Philip Bell, QC, was appointed as a County Court Judge. He had held the seat since the 1951 general election.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 37], "content_span": [38, 221]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077918-0002-0000", "contents": "1960 Bolton East by-election, Vacancy\nThe by-election saw the decision of the Liberal Party to field a candidate, which broke a local pact which had held for 10 years whereby the Liberals left the Bolton East seat alone, and in return the Conservatives did not stand in Bolton West; the pact had achieved its objective of preventing the Labour Party from winning either.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 37], "content_span": [38, 370]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077918-0003-0000", "contents": "1960 Bolton East by-election, Result\nTaylor was elected by a margin of 641 votes over Labour candidate Robert Howarth, with the Liberal candidate Frank Byers securing a quarter of the vote. Dissension within the Labour Party over nuclear disarmament was thought to have helped Taylor win.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 36], "content_span": [37, 288]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077918-0004-0000", "contents": "1960 Bolton East by-election, Result\nAt the 1964 general election, a more organised Labour campaign in Bolton East saw Taylor voted out by a margin of more than 3,000 votes. A Conservative stood in Bolton West for the first time since 1950, resulting in a Labour gain from the Liberal Arthur Holt by roughly the same margin.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 36], "content_span": [37, 324]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077919-0000-0000", "contents": "1960 Boston College Eagles baseball team\nThe 1960 Boston College Eagles baseball team represented Boston College in the 1960 NCAA University Division baseball season. The Eagles played their home games at Alumni Field. The team was coached by Eddie Pellagrini in his 3rd year at Boston College.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [40, 40], "content_span": [41, 294]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077919-0001-0000", "contents": "1960 Boston College Eagles baseball team\nThe Eagles won the District I Playoff to advanced to the College World Series, where they were defeated by the Oklahoma State Cowboys.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [40, 40], "content_span": [41, 175]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077920-0000-0000", "contents": "1960 Boston College Eagles football team\nThe 1960 Boston College Eagles football team represented Boston College during the 1960 NCAA University Division football season. The Eagles were led by first-year head coach Ernie Hefferle and played their home games at Alumni Stadium in Chestnut Hill, Massachusetts.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [40, 40], "content_span": [41, 309]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077921-0000-0000", "contents": "1960 Boston Patriots season\nThe 1960 Boston Patriots season was the franchise's first season in the new American Football League. Led by head coach Lou Saban, the Patriots finished with five wins and nine losses, last in the AFL's Eastern Division. The team played their home games at Boston University Field (formerly the site of the Boston Braves' home ballpark Braves Field), later named \"Nickerson Field.\"", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [27, 27], "content_span": [28, 409]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077921-0001-0000", "contents": "1960 Boston Patriots season, Season summary\nIn 1960, the inaugural season of the American Football League, the Patriots played in several important \"firsts\". The first-ever AFL pre-season game was played on the road against the Buffalo Bills on Saturday night, July 30, which Boston won. They hosted the inaugural regular season game, a Friday night 13\u201310 loss to the Denver Broncos at Boston University Field on September 9. The playing field was aligned along the first-base line.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 43], "content_span": [44, 482]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077921-0001-0001", "contents": "1960 Boston Patriots season, Season summary\nThe Patriots started the season at 2\u20132, then lost three straight and won three straight in the middle of a five-game home stand to get back to .500 at 5\u20135, then ended the season on a four-game slide. They finished at 5\u20139, last in the AFL's Eastern Division, and second-worst in the eight-team league, ahead of Denver.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 43], "content_span": [44, 361]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077921-0002-0000", "contents": "1960 Boston Patriots season, Season summary\nButch Songin was the leading passer and Alan Miller was the leading rusher. Gino Cappelletti was a defensive back and placekicker the first year. Just before the final game, a receiver was slow getting back to the huddle, so Cappelletti filled in. He was impressive, and was a receiver for the rest of his career.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 43], "content_span": [44, 357]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077921-0003-0000", "contents": "1960 Boston Patriots season, Season results\nGame 1: The Patriots lost to the Broncos 13\u201310 in the AFL season opener on Friday night. The Patriots struck first, with a 34-yard field goal in the first quarter. On the first play of the second quarter, Denver receiver Al Carmichael caught a pass in the flats and scampered 41 yards for a touchdown. In the third quarter, Bronco Gene Mingo took a punt 76 yards for a touchdown. Later in the quarter Patriot receiver Jim Colclough lost a fumble on the Denver 38.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 43], "content_span": [44, 507]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077921-0003-0001", "contents": "1960 Boston Patriots season, Season results\nHowever, two plays later, Patriot defensive back Chuck Shonta took an interception 60 yards to the Denver 10, setting up a 10-yard touchdown pass from Butch Songin to Colclough in the right side of the end zone. In the fourth quarter, the Patriots seemed to be on a game-winning drive until an interception at the Denver two-yard line. The Broncos then ran sixteen plays to run out the clock.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 43], "content_span": [44, 436]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077921-0004-0000", "contents": "1960 Boston Patriots season, Season results\nGame 2: The Patriots won a thriller at the Polo Grounds against the Titans, 28\u201324. The Patriots dug themselves into a hole, down 24 to 7 in the fourth quarter. They were down 24\u201321 on the last play of the game. The center, Mike Hudock, gave a low snap to the Titans punter, who fumbled and Patriot Chuck Shonta picked it up and raced 52 yards for the game-winning score.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 43], "content_span": [44, 414]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077921-0005-0000", "contents": "1960 Boston Patriots season, Season results\nGame 3: The Patriots were shut out 13\u20130 against the Bills, the highlight being a 58-yard touchdown pass from Tommy O'Connell to Carl Smith.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 43], "content_span": [44, 183]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077921-0006-0000", "contents": "1960 Boston Patriots season, Season results\nGame 4: The Patriots won their first decisive win of the season against the Chargers in Los Angeles. It began with an 11-play drive capped by a Gino Cappelletti field goal. On the following kickoff, Charger Don Norton fumbled, leading to a quick touchdown for Boston. The Patriots followed it up with a 19-yard touchdown pass. On the next drive, Jim Crawford scored a touchdown, set up by a 78-yard Billy Wells reception. A Harry Jacobs interception set up a Wells touchdown, and another Boston field goal wrapped up the day, as the Patriots rolled over the Chargers 35\u20130.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 43], "content_span": [44, 616]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077921-0007-0000", "contents": "1960 Boston Patriots season, Season results\nGame 5: The Patriots, after their terrific win over the Chargers, were given a rude awakening in Oakland. On just the third play of game, Jack Larscheid scored on an 87-yard run, and the Patriots never regained the lead. The Raiders quickly built up a 27\u201314 lead with 11:45 left to go in the first quarter. However, the Patriots twice drove deep into Oakland territory, both times winding up with Butch Songin throwing interceptions. The Patriots were sloppy throughout the game, with multiple unnecessary penalties and turnovers.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 43], "content_span": [44, 574]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077921-0008-0000", "contents": "1960 Boston Patriots season, Season results\nGame 6: The Patriots dropped a game that should have been theirs. Early in the third quarter, the Patriots led 24\u20130. Boston had dominated, with three Songin touchdown passes and a field goal. The Broncos were down but not out, and rallied back to stun the Patriots. In the last quarter and a half, the Broncos scored 31 unanswered points to win the game. Broncos quarterback Frank Tripucka lead the way, completing four touchdown passes to three different receivers. The game is still one of the largest deficits that a Patriot opponent has come back from to win.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 43], "content_span": [44, 607]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077921-0009-0000", "contents": "1960 Boston Patriots season, Season results\nGame 7: After an embarrassing loss several weeks before, the Chargers had revenge on their minds. They got it. The Chargers won the game by the time the first half arrived. When Paul Maguire fell on a fumble in the end zone early in the third quarter, they matched the 35-point lead the Patriots had in the previous game. Despite the Patriots' two following touchdowns, the Chargers ran over the Patriots 45\u201316.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 43], "content_span": [44, 455]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077921-0010-0000", "contents": "1960 Boston Patriots season, Season results\nGame 8: The Patriots faced the Raiders in a must-win game. The Patriots dominated throughout three quarters, aided by three Songin passing touchdowns. Boston held a 31 to 14 lead entering the fourth quarter, and seemed to be on the verge of their third win of season. The Raiders tried to pull off a similar comeback that the Broncos had two games earlier. The Raiders scored twice on running plays, and were soon driving for the game winning score.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 43], "content_span": [44, 493]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077921-0010-0001", "contents": "1960 Boston Patriots season, Season results\nThe Patriots managed to avoid a loss or tie, intercepting future Patriot quarterback Babe Parilli with just under two minutes to go. The Patriots had won just their third game of the season and their first on their home field. The game is noteworthy for having the lowest attendance of any regular season game in Patriots history at only 8,446.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 43], "content_span": [44, 388]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077921-0011-0000", "contents": "1960 Boston Patriots season, Season results\nGame 12: The Patriots hosted the Houston Oilers in what would be the first sellout game in American Football League history.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 43], "content_span": [44, 168]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077921-0012-0000", "contents": "1960 Boston Patriots season, Standings\nNote: Tie games were not officially counted in the standings until 1972.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 38], "content_span": [39, 111]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077921-0013-0000", "contents": "1960 Boston Patriots season, Roster\nAll of the following players appeared in at least one game for the 1960 Boston Patriots.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 35], "content_span": [36, 124]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077921-0014-0000", "contents": "1960 Boston Patriots season, Roster, Starters\nThe following players started the most games at their respective positions:", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 45], "content_span": [46, 121]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077922-0000-0000", "contents": "1960 Boston Red Sox season\nThe 1960 Boston Red Sox season was the 60th season in the franchise's Major League Baseball history. The Red Sox finished seventh in the American League (AL) with a record of 65 wins and 89 losses, 32 games behind the AL champion New York Yankees.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [26, 26], "content_span": [27, 274]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077922-0001-0000", "contents": "1960 Boston Red Sox season, Player stats, Batting, Starters by position\nNote: Pos = Position; G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [28, 71], "content_span": [72, 196]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077922-0002-0000", "contents": "1960 Boston Red Sox season, Player stats, Batting, Other batters\nNote: G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [28, 64], "content_span": [65, 173]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077922-0003-0000", "contents": "1960 Boston Red Sox season, Player stats, Pitching, Starting pitchers\nNote: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [28, 69], "content_span": [70, 180]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077922-0004-0000", "contents": "1960 Boston Red Sox season, Player stats, Pitching, Other pitchers\nNote: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [28, 66], "content_span": [67, 177]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077922-0005-0000", "contents": "1960 Boston Red Sox season, Player stats, Pitching, Relief pitchers\nNote: G = Games pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; SV = Saves; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [28, 67], "content_span": [68, 168]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077923-0000-0000", "contents": "1960 Boston University Terriers football team\nThe 1960 Boston University Terriers football team was an American football team that represented Boston University as an independent during the 1960  NCAA University Division football season. In its fourth season under head coach Steve Sinko, the team compiled a 3\u20135\u20132 record and was outscored by a total of 172 to 30.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 45], "section_span": [45, 45], "content_span": [46, 364]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077924-0000-0000", "contents": "1960 Bowling Green Falcons football team\nThe 1960 Bowling Green Falcons football team was an American football team that represented Bowling Green State University in the Mid-American Conference (MAC) during the 1960 NCAA University Division football season. In their sixth season under head coach Doyt Perry, the Falcons compiled an 8\u20131 record (5\u20131 against MAC opponents), lost its only game to MAC champion Ohio (7\u201314), and outscored all opponents by a combined total of 196 to 61.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [40, 40], "content_span": [41, 483]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077924-0001-0000", "contents": "1960 Bowling Green Falcons football team\nOn October 29, 1960, the Falcons defeated Cal Poly, 50\u20136. After the game, the Cal Poly team was in a deadly C-46 plane crash while taking off from the Toledo airport.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [40, 40], "content_span": [41, 207]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077925-0000-0000", "contents": "1960 Brazilian presidential election\nPresidential elections were held in Brazil on 3 October 1960. J\u00e2nio Quadros of the National Labor Party, helming a coalition of the PTN, the National Democratic Union and the Christian Democratic Party, won a sweeping victory, taking 48.3% of the vote. Voter turnout was 81.0%.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [36, 36], "content_span": [37, 314]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077925-0001-0000", "contents": "1960 Brazilian presidential election\nQuadros' victory was the largest in Brazilian history at the time; the 15.6 percent margin of victory would remain a record until Fernando Henrique Cardoso won by 27 points in 1994. When Quadros took office on January 31, 1961, it marked the first time since Brazil had become a republic in 1889 that an incumbent government peacefully transferred power to an elected member of the opposition. It also marked the first time in 31 years that the presidency had not been won by an heir to the legacy of Get\u00falio Vargas.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [36, 36], "content_span": [37, 553]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077925-0002-0000", "contents": "1960 Brazilian presidential election\nThis would be the last free presidential election held in Brazil until 1985.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [36, 36], "content_span": [37, 113]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077926-0000-0000", "contents": "1960 Brighouse and Spenborough by-election\nA by-election was held for the British House of Commons constituency of Brighouse and Spenborough on 17 March 1960. The seat became vacant following the death on 23 November 1959 of the Labour Party Member of Parliament Lewis John Edwards, who had held the seat since a by-election in 1950, but whose majority had been cut to only 47 votes at the 1959 general election.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 42], "section_span": [42, 42], "content_span": [43, 412]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077926-0001-0000", "contents": "1960 Brighouse and Spenborough by-election\nThe result was a narrow gain for the Conservative and National Liberal candidate; in 1950, the National Liberal party, once strong in the constituency, had merged with the Conservatives. Michael Shaw, who won the election, had been the defeated candidate in 1959. However, Colin Jackson (the Labour candidate at the by-election) would go on to regain the seat for his party at the 1964 general election. Shaw went on to represent Scarborough from 1966 to February 1974, as a Conservative, and the seat of Scarborough and Whitby from then until 1992, when he stood down.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 42], "section_span": [42, 42], "content_span": [43, 612]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077926-0002-0000", "contents": "1960 Brighouse and Spenborough by-election\nThis was the first seat gained by an incumbent government at a by-election since the 1953 Sunderland South by-election. Other than the special circumstances of the 1961 Bristol South-East by-election, awarded to the Conservatives by an Election Court, this feat was not repeated until the 1982 Mitcham and Morden by-election. The only other examples of a government by-election gain in the post-war period have been the 2017 Copeland by-election and the 2021 Hartlepool by-election.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 42], "section_span": [42, 42], "content_span": [43, 525]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077927-0000-0000", "contents": "1960 British Columbia general election\nThe 1960 British Columbia general election was the 26th general election in the Province of British Columbia, Canada. It was held to elect members of the Legislative Assembly of British Columbia. The election was called on August 3, 1960, and held on September 12, 1960. The new legislature met for the first time on January 26, 1961.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [38, 38], "content_span": [39, 373]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077927-0001-0000", "contents": "1960 British Columbia general election\nThe conservative Social Credit of Premier W.A.C. Bennett was re-elected with a majority in the legislature to a fourth term in government despite losing seven percentage points of the popular vote and seven of its seats in the legislature.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [38, 38], "content_span": [39, 278]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077927-0002-0000", "contents": "1960 British Columbia general election\nThe opposition Co-operative Commonwealth Federation increased both its share of the popular vote and its number of seats.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [38, 38], "content_span": [39, 160]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077927-0003-0000", "contents": "1960 British Columbia general election\nThe British Columbia Liberal Party lost a small part of its popular vote, but managed to double its caucus from two to four members.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [38, 38], "content_span": [39, 171]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077927-0004-0000", "contents": "1960 British Columbia general election\nThe Progressive Conservative Party doubled its share of the popular vote to almost 7%, but won no seats in the legislature.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [38, 38], "content_span": [39, 162]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077927-0005-0000", "contents": "1960 British Columbia general election, Results\n* Party did not nominate candidates in the previous election.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 47], "content_span": [48, 109]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077928-0000-0000", "contents": "1960 British Grand Prix\nThe 1960 British Grand Prix was a Formula One motor race held at the Silverstone Circuit, Northamptonshire, England, on 16 July 1960. It was race 7 of 10 in the 1960 World Championship of Drivers and race 6 of 9 in the 1960 International Cup for Formula One Manufacturers. The race was won by reigning World Champion Jack Brabham and Innes Ireland finished in third place. Between the two, multiple motorcycle Grand Prix World Champion John Surtees (in only his second ever Formula One Grand Prix) took second place.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [23, 23], "content_span": [24, 540]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077928-0001-0000", "contents": "1960 British Grand Prix, Classification, Race\n* Lance Reventlow and Chuck Daigh were entered with the same vehicle following extensive damage to their Scarab cars at the preceding French Grand Prix. Daigh proved the faster during practice and so Reventlow was withdrawn.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 45], "content_span": [46, 270]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077929-0000-0000", "contents": "1960 British Saloon Car Championship\nThe 1960 Supa Tura British Saloon Car Championship was the third season of the championship. This year the championship ran to a 'silhouette' formula with an engine capacity limit of 1000cc. Doc Shepherd won the drivers title with an Austin A40 ran by Don Moore Racing, after finishing as runner-up the previous year.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [36, 36], "content_span": [37, 354]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077929-0001-0000", "contents": "1960 British Saloon Car Championship, Calendar & winners\nAll races were held in the United Kingdom. Overall winners of multi-class races in bold.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 56], "content_span": [57, 145]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077930-0000-0000", "contents": "1960 British Somaliland parliamentary election\nParliamentary elections were held in British Somaliland on 17 February 1960. The result was a victory for the Somali National League (SNL), which won 20 of the 33 seats in the Legislative Council.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 46], "section_span": [46, 46], "content_span": [47, 243]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077930-0001-0000", "contents": "1960 British Somaliland parliamentary election, Background\nAlthough a Legislative Council had been elected in 1959, a new constitution led to the Council having an elected majority; 33 elected seats and three government officials.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 46], "section_span": [48, 58], "content_span": [59, 230]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077930-0002-0000", "contents": "1960 British Somaliland parliamentary election, Electoral system\nThe 33 elected members of the Council were elected in single-member constituencies by first-past-the-post voting.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 46], "section_span": [48, 64], "content_span": [65, 178]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077931-0000-0000", "contents": "1960 British Virgin Islands general election\nGeneral elections were held in the British Virgin Islands on 11 October 1960 for seats on the Legislative Council of the British Virgin Islands.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [44, 44], "content_span": [45, 189]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077931-0001-0000", "contents": "1960 British Virgin Islands general election\nFor the general election the Territory was divided into five districts, the largest of which (the 2nd District - Road Town) would have two members. All seats were contested.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [44, 44], "content_span": [45, 218]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077931-0002-0000", "contents": "1960 British Virgin Islands general election, Candidates\nAt the time candidates were not affiliated with political parties. The following candidates stood:", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [46, 56], "content_span": [57, 155]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077932-0000-0000", "contents": "1960 British West Indies Championships\nThe 1960 British West Indies Championships was the fourth edition of the track and field competition between British colony nations in the Caribbean. It was held in Kingston, Jamaica. A total of 31 events were contested, twenty-two by men and nine by women. The women's programme was extended with three throwing events. A new men's event was also included: the athletics pentathlon was the first and only time that a combined track and field event was contested at the completion.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [38, 38], "content_span": [39, 520]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077932-0001-0000", "contents": "1960 British West Indies Championships\nJamaica's Anne Golding was the most successful athlete of the tournament, winning all three inaugural women's throwing events. Harry Prowell succeeded his fellow British Guianan, George de Peana, as the dominant long-distance runner by winning the 5000\u00a0m and 10,000\u00a0m races. Leroy Keane of Jamaica was the only other athlete to win two titles: he topped the podium in the 400 metres hurdles and also the pentathlon.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [38, 38], "content_span": [39, 454]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077932-0001-0001", "contents": "1960 British West Indies Championships\nSix men managed to retain their 1959 titles: Wilton Jackson (200\u00a0m), George Kerr (800\u00a0m), Ralph Gomes (a third 1500\u00a0m title), Keith Gardner (110\u00a0m hurdles), Moses Dwarika  (half marathon) and Sydney Thomas (3000\u00a0m walk). Brenda Archer was the only woman to defend her 1959 title, doing so in the women's high jump.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [38, 38], "content_span": [39, 353]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077932-0002-0000", "contents": "1960 British West Indies Championships\nThis competition preceded the assembly of the first British West Indies Olympic team. At the 1960 Summer Olympics, the federation won two medals: reigning British West Indies 800\u00a0m champion George Kerr took the bronze medal in his speciality, and a team of Kerr, James Wedderburn, Gardner and Mal Spence won a second bronze in the 4\u00d7400 metres relay.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [38, 38], "content_span": [39, 389]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077932-0003-0000", "contents": "1960 British West Indies Championships\nSaint Lucia had its first ever medallist at the tournament in the form of Imbert Roberts's gold in the men's shot put.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [38, 38], "content_span": [39, 157]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077933-0000-0000", "contents": "1960 Brown Bears football team\nThe 1960 Brown Bears football team was an American football team that represented Brown University during the 1960 NCAA University Division football season. Brown tied for last place in the Ivy League.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [30, 30], "content_span": [31, 232]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077933-0001-0000", "contents": "1960 Brown Bears football team\nIn their second season under head coach John McLaughry, the Bears compiled a 3\u20136 record and were outscored 212 to 100. W. Packer was the team captain.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [30, 30], "content_span": [31, 181]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077933-0002-0000", "contents": "1960 Brown Bears football team\nThe Bears' 1\u20136 conference record tied for seventh in the Ivy League. They were outscored by Ivy opponents 184 to 45.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [30, 30], "content_span": [31, 147]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077933-0003-0000", "contents": "1960 Brown Bears football team\nBrown played its home games at Brown Stadium in Providence, Rhode Island.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [30, 30], "content_span": [31, 104]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077934-0000-0000", "contents": "1960 Brownlow Medal\nThe 1960 Brownlow Medal was the 33rd year the award was presented to the player adjudged the fairest and best player during the Victorian Football League (VFL) home and away season. John Schultz of the Footscray Football Club won the medal by polling twenty votes during the 1960 VFL season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [19, 19], "content_span": [20, 311]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077935-0000-0000", "contents": "1960 Bucknell Bison football team\nThe 1960 Bucknell Bison football team was an American football team that represented Bucknell University in the 1960 NCAA College Division football season. Bucknell was awarded the Lambert Cup as the best small-college football team in the East.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [33, 33], "content_span": [34, 279]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077935-0001-0000", "contents": "1960 Bucknell Bison football team\nIn their third year under head coach Bob Odell, the Bison compiled a 7\u20132 record. Their 5\u20131 conference record placed second in the University Division of the Middle Atlantic Conference. Clifford Melberger was the team captain.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [33, 33], "content_span": [34, 259]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077935-0002-0000", "contents": "1960 Bucknell Bison football team\nBucknell played its home games at Memorial Stadium on the university campus in Lewisburg, Pennsylvania.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [33, 33], "content_span": [34, 137]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077936-0000-0000", "contents": "1960 Buenos Aires Grand Prix\nThe 1960 Buenos Aires Grand Prix was a Formula Libre race over 75 laps of the Parque Sarmient circuit in Cordoba. The race was won by Maurice Trintignant in a Cooper T51.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [28, 28], "content_span": [29, 199]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077937-0000-0000", "contents": "1960 Buffalo Bills season\nThe 1960 Buffalo Bills season was the team's first season in the American Football League (AFL). Home games were played at War Memorial Stadium in Buffalo, New York. Head Coach Buster Ramsey's Bills compiled a 5\u20138\u20131 record, placing them third in the AFL Eastern Division.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [25, 25], "content_span": [26, 297]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077937-0001-0000", "contents": "1960 Buffalo Bills season\nUnlike most of the offensive-minded AFL, the Bills focused on defense, allowing the third-fewest points in the league (303). Their defensive line boasted Laverne Torczon and Chuck McMurtry (both of whom were 1st Team All-AFL in 1960), as well as a mobile, hard-hitting middle linebacker in Archie Matsos, who was AFL All-Star in each of the three seasons he spent in Buffalo. The Bills' defense led the league in fewest passing yards allowed (2,130) and most passes intercepted (33), with NFL veterans Richie McCabe and Jim Wagstaff in their secondary.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [25, 25], "content_span": [26, 578]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077937-0002-0000", "contents": "1960 Buffalo Bills season\nThe Bills' offense, however, was not as competent. The 1960 Bills had the worst passing attack in the AFL, throwing for 2,346 yards. Former Cleveland Browns quarterback Tommy O'Connell started the season 1\u20133 before being replaced by Johnny Green. Green would go 3\u20133 as a starter, despite only completing 39% of his passes. Richie Lucas, the Bills' first ever draft pick, was a bust, both at quarterback and at halfback, throwing only 49 passes all season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [25, 25], "content_span": [26, 481]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077937-0003-0000", "contents": "1960 Buffalo Bills season\nThe Bills did show glimmers of hope on offense, however, by showcasing running back Wray Carlton and flanker Elbert Dubenion, who would later go on to be AFL All-Stars for the Bills in the mid-1960s.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [25, 25], "content_span": [26, 225]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077937-0004-0000", "contents": "1960 Buffalo Bills season, Uniforms\nIn their first season, the Bills wore silver helmets and light blue home jerseys. Their road jerseys were white with light blue letters. The team wore white pants both at home and on the road. The Bills' helmets displayed the player's number in light blue on the side where the logo would normally be (much like the Alabama Crimson Tide's helmets).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [27, 35], "content_span": [36, 384]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077937-0005-0000", "contents": "1960 Buffalo Bills season, Uniforms\nThe uniforms, not coincidentally, resembled those of the Detroit Lions of the National Football League. Bills owner Ralph C. Wilson, Jr. grew up in Detroit, and had once been a minority owner in the Lions.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [27, 35], "content_span": [36, 241]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077937-0006-0000", "contents": "1960 Buffalo Bills season, Offseason\nWhen Lamar Hunt announced formation of the American Football League in the summer of 1959, Buffalo was one of the target cities Hunt sought, based on its previous success with the Bills in the AAFC.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [27, 36], "content_span": [37, 235]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077937-0006-0001", "contents": "1960 Buffalo Bills season, Offseason\nHis first choice of owner, however, turned him down; Pat McGroder (then a liquor store owner and sports liaison with the city of Buffalo) was still hopeful that the threat of the AFL would prompt the NFL to come back to Buffalo to try and stop the AFL from gaining a foothold there (as the NFL would do with teams in Minnesota, Dallas, St. Louis and later Atlanta). McGroder's hopes never came to fruition, and in 1961, he took a position in the new Bills organization.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [27, 36], "content_span": [37, 506]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077937-0007-0000", "contents": "1960 Buffalo Bills season, Offseason\nHarry Wismer, who was to own the Titans of New York franchise, reached out to insurance salesman and automobile heir Ralph C. Wilson, Jr. to see if he was interested in joining the upstart league. (Both Wismer and Wilson were minority owners of NFL franchises at the time: Wilson part-owned the Detroit Lions, while Wismer was a small partner in the Washington Redskins but had little power due to majority owner George Preston Marshall's near-iron fist over the team and the league). Wilson agreed to field a team in the new league, with the words \"Count me in.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [27, 36], "content_span": [37, 599]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077937-0007-0001", "contents": "1960 Buffalo Bills season, Offseason\nI'll take a franchise anywhere you suggest.\" Hunt gave him the choice of six cities: Miami, Buffalo, Cincinnati, St. Louis, Atlanta, or Louisville, Kentucky; after being turned down in his effort to put a team in Miami, he consulted with Detroit media, who connected him with McGroder and The Buffalo News managing editor Paul Neville; their efforts to lobby Wilson to come to Buffalo were successful, and Wilson sent Hunt a telegram with the now-famous words, \"Count me in with Buffalo.\"", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [27, 36], "content_span": [37, 525]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077937-0008-0000", "contents": "1960 Buffalo Bills season, Offseason\nThe Buffalo Bills were a charter member of the American Football League (AFL) in 1960. After a public contest, the team adopted the same name as the AAFC Buffalo Bills, the former All-America Football Conference team in Buffalo.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [27, 36], "content_span": [37, 265]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077937-0009-0000", "contents": "1960 Buffalo Bills season, 1960 AFL Draft\nTwo Rounds of draft were held, the first round called \"First Selections\", the second round \"Second Selections\".", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [27, 41], "content_span": [42, 153]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077937-0010-0000", "contents": "1960 Buffalo Bills season, Season schedule, Preseason\nDates that do not have a day of the week listed are Sunday dates.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [27, 53], "content_span": [54, 119]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077937-0011-0000", "contents": "1960 Buffalo Bills season, Standings\nNote: Tie games were not officially counted in the standings until 1972.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [27, 36], "content_span": [37, 109]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077938-0000-0000", "contents": "1960 Buffalo Bulls football team\nThe 1960 Buffalo Bulls football team was an American football team that represented the University of Buffalo as an independent during the 1960 NCAA College Division football season. In its sixth season under head coach Dick Offenhamer, the team compiled a 4\u20136 record. The team played its home games at Rotary Field in Buffalo, New York.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [32, 32], "content_span": [33, 370]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077939-0000-0000", "contents": "1960 Bulgarian Cup Final\nThe 1960 Bulgarian Cup Final was the 20th final of the Bulgarian Cup (in this period the tournament was named Cup of the Soviet Army), and was contested between Septemvri Sofia and Lokomotiv Plovdiv on 15 June 1960 at Vasil Levski National Stadium in Sofia. Septemvri won the final 4\u20133 after extra time.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [24, 24], "content_span": [25, 328]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077940-0000-0000", "contents": "1960 Burmese general election\nGeneral elections were held in Burma on 6 February 1960 to install a government to take over from General Ne Win's interim administration, established in October 1958. The military-led administration was credited for bringing stability and improving infrastructure in the country, though it suppressed some civil liberties.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [29, 29], "content_span": [30, 353]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077940-0001-0000", "contents": "1960 Burmese general election\nThe elections were seen as not so much a contest between the Clean AFPFL of U Nu against the Stable AFPFL of Kyaw Nyein and Ba Swe, but a referendum on the policies of the interim military government between 1958 and 1960. The result was a victory for the Clean AFPFL, which won 157 of the 250 seats in the Chamber of Deputies.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [29, 29], "content_span": [30, 357]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077940-0002-0000", "contents": "1960 Burmese general election\nThe elections set a precedent to other Middle Eastern and South Asian leaders, where the military voluntarily handed over to a civilian government and held free elections. However, only two years after his election victory, U Nu was overthrown in a coup d'\u00e9tat led by General Ne Win on 2 March 1962.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [29, 29], "content_span": [30, 329]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077940-0003-0000", "contents": "1960 Burmese general election, Campaign\nThe Clean AFPFL, led by U Nu, and Stable AFPFL, led by U Kyaw Nyein and U Ba Swe, had been formed after a split in the main AFPFL party in June 1958. Until the military took over in October 1958, U Nu relied on the communists to retain a majority in parliament.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 39], "content_span": [40, 301]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077940-0004-0000", "contents": "1960 Burmese general election, Campaign\nDespite the formation of the two parties, there were no major ideological differences between them and their policies were similar, especially with regards to non-alignment, although the Stable faction favoured industrialisation and the Clean faction spoke more of agricultural development. The Stable faction had given the impression it was favoured by the army, but, after realising the army was not as favoured as first thought, distanced itself. It had also argued it represented stability. Meanwhile, the \"Clean\" faction warned against the \"dangers of fascist dictatorship\", and criticised the current leaders for their \"drinking and womanising\". The communist NUF was severely repressed by the caretaker military government and was therefore outside the two main parties.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 39], "content_span": [40, 817]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077940-0005-0000", "contents": "1960 Burmese general election, Campaign\nThe Clean AFPFL chose yellow to campaign, as it was the colour worn by monks, while the Stable AFPFL chose red and the National Union Front chose blue.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 39], "content_span": [40, 191]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077940-0006-0000", "contents": "1960 Burmese general election, Conduct\nAn estimated 10,000,000 Burmese were eligible to vote. The military largely stayed away on voting day, although it was present at some ballot boxes. Boxes for the \"Clean\" faction featured pictures of U Nu which the \"Stable\" faction and other smaller parties alleged confused the voter into thinking they were voting for Nu personally. Polls closed at 6pm and a crowd estimated at 20,000 gathered at the Sule Pagoda in the capital Rangoon to hear results as they were posted. The \"Clean\" faction took all 9 seats in the capital including one they were prepared to concede, while the \"Stable\" faction had some strength in the countryside.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 38], "content_span": [39, 675]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077940-0007-0000", "contents": "1960 Burmese general election, Conduct\nMedia coverage of the event was restricted to print media only and vigorously covered, but was largely ignored by the state-run Burma Broadcasting Service which had not aired opposition coverage since before the AFPFL split.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 38], "content_span": [39, 263]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077940-0008-0000", "contents": "1960 Burmese general election, Results\nVoter turnout was the highest in a Burmese election. U Nu, remarking on his victory, said \"I guess people like us\".", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 38], "content_span": [39, 154]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077941-0000-0000", "contents": "1960 CCCF Championship\nThe 1960 CCCF Championship was played in Havana, Cuba from 14 February to 29 February. Costa Rica emerged as champion.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [22, 22], "content_span": [23, 141]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077942-0000-0000", "contents": "1960 CCCF Youth Championship\nThe 1960 CCCF Youth Championship was an age restricted association football competition organised by the CCCF. All games were hosted in Tegucigalpa and took place between 14 and 28 August.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [28, 28], "content_span": [29, 217]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077943-0000-0000", "contents": "1960 CFL season\nThe 1960 Canadian Football League season is considered to be the seventh season in modern-day Canadian football, although it is officially the third Canadian Football League season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 15], "section_span": [15, 15], "content_span": [16, 197]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077943-0001-0000", "contents": "1960 CFL season, CFL News in 1960\nThe IRFU changed its name to become the Eastern Football Conference.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 15], "section_span": [17, 33], "content_span": [34, 102]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077943-0002-0000", "contents": "1960 CFL season, CFL News in 1960\nThe Calgary Stampeders moved into McMahon Stadium on Monday, August 15, after it took only 103 days to be built.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 15], "section_span": [17, 33], "content_span": [34, 146]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077943-0003-0000", "contents": "1960 CFL season, CFL News in 1960\nOn September 14, four of the six directors of the Montreal Alouettes abruptly resigned their positions. The resignations of Lucien Beauregard, Morgan N. Johnston, David C. McConnell and W. Heard Wert left only owner-president Ted Workman and general manager-coach Perry Moss on the board.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 15], "section_span": [17, 33], "content_span": [34, 322]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077943-0004-0000", "contents": "1960 CFL season, CFL News in 1960\nRosters were reduced from 40 players to 34 on September 15.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 15], "section_span": [17, 33], "content_span": [34, 93]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077943-0005-0000", "contents": "1960 CFL season, CFL News in 1960\nOttawa's Ron Stewart rushed for 287 yards on 16 carries in a game in Montreal against the Alouettes on Monday, October 10. He rushed for four touchdowns, one in each quarter, on runs of 39, 51, 51 and 37 yards. He broke the single-game record of 217 yards held previously by Hamilton's Gerry McDougall.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 15], "section_span": [17, 33], "content_span": [34, 336]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077943-0006-0000", "contents": "1960 CFL season, CFL News in 1960\nThe Winnipeg Blue Bombers honoured their 11-year veteran guard with \"Buddy Tinsley Night\" at half-time during their Thursday, October 13, 1960, game versus the BC Lions. The Winnipeg crowd of 16,773 was delighted when Tinsley lined up at fullback and took a hand-off from quarterback Kenny Ploen over from the BC one-yard line for a touchdown late in the fourth quarter.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 15], "section_span": [17, 33], "content_span": [34, 404]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077943-0007-0000", "contents": "1960 CFL season, CFL News in 1960\nAt league meetings during Grey Cup week, Western teams dropped their insistence on sharing in the lucrative television rights payments received by the Big Four (Eastern) teams as a condition of accepting an interlocking schedule. It was agreed to begin a partially interlocking schedule in 1961, with travel costs to be offset by an across-the-board surcharge of 25 cents on the price of every ticket sold (each team, every seat, every game).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 15], "section_span": [17, 33], "content_span": [34, 476]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077943-0008-0000", "contents": "1960 CFL season, CFL News in 1960, 1960 Preseason\nFour teams (Ottawa, Toronto, Winnipeg and Hamilton) played their annual split-squad scrimmages at the conclusion of their preliminary training camps.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 15], "section_span": [17, 49], "content_span": [50, 199]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077943-0009-0000", "contents": "1960 CFL season, CFL News in 1960, 1960 Preseason\n25 players received skin burns during an Edmonton\u2013Calgary game played at Mewata Stadium in Calgary on July 20. Two Eskimos, Roger Nelson and Jim Shipka, were treated in a Calgary hospital. Two Stampeders, Doug Brown and Ernest Warlick, filed damage claims with the City of Calgary. The lime used for field markings initially was suspected as being the cause, although laboratory tests later determined it was fully hydrated and should not have been the culprit. Fertilizer also was suggested as a possible cause of the skin burns.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 15], "section_span": [17, 49], "content_span": [50, 580]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077943-0010-0000", "contents": "1960 CFL season, CFL News in 1960, 1960 Preseason\nOn July 28, the Saskatchewan Roughriders played the London Lords of the Senior Ontario Rugby Football Union in London, Ontario, and beat their hosts 38\u20130.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 15], "section_span": [17, 49], "content_span": [50, 204]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077943-0011-0000", "contents": "1960 CFL season, CFL News in 1960, 1960 Preseason\nOn July 29, the BC Lions played the Winnipeg Blue Bombers in Cedar Rapids, Iowa. Part of the local appeal was the presence on three former University of Iowa stars, Kenny Ploen and Ray Jauch of the Blue Bombers, and Willie Fleming of the BC Lions.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 15], "section_span": [17, 49], "content_span": [50, 297]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077943-0012-0000", "contents": "1960 CFL season, CFL News in 1960, 1960 Preseason\nAfter playing (and losing to) the NFL Chicago Cardinals in 1959, the Toronto Argonauts hosted the NFL Pittsburgh Steelers at CNE Stadium on August 3 and lost 43\u201316. Both teams used 12 players, with a handful of NFL rules (blocking, punt returns) blended into the Canadian game.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 15], "section_span": [17, 49], "content_span": [50, 327]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077943-0013-0000", "contents": "1960 CFL season, CFL News in 1960, 1960 Preseason\nToronto also played host to an NFL exhibition game between the Chicago Bears and the New York Giants, at Varsity Stadium on Monday, August 15. Top ticket price was $10, which was the most ever charged for a non-Grey Cup game in Toronto. George Halas of the Bears, who also served as chairman of the NFL's expansion committee, admitted that in 1961 the NFL would have 14 teams, an awkward number, and that 16 teams would be more convenient for scheduling. It was suggested that this game was a trial balloon for a possible expansion team in Toronto. Chicago defeated the Giants by a 16\u20137 score, but the paid attendance was only 5,401, handing the promoters a $30,000 loss and effectively ending any chance of an NFL team north of the border.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 15], "section_span": [17, 49], "content_span": [50, 790]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077943-0014-0000", "contents": "1960 CFL season, Regular-season standings, Final regular season standings\nNote: GP = Games Played, W = Wins, L = Losses, T = Ties, PF = Points For, PA = Points Against, Pts = Points", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 15], "section_span": [17, 73], "content_span": [74, 181]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077943-0015-0000", "contents": "1960 CFL season, Playoff bracket, Grey Cup Championship\n48th Annual Grey Cup Game: Empire Stadium \u2013 Vancouver, British Columbia", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 15], "section_span": [17, 55], "content_span": [56, 127]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077944-0000-0000", "contents": "1960 Cal Poly Mustangs football team\nThe 1960 Cal Poly Mustangs football team represented California Polytechnic State University during the 1960 NCAA College Division football season. Cal Poly competed in the California Collegiate Athletic Association (CCAA).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [36, 36], "content_span": [37, 260]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077944-0001-0000", "contents": "1960 Cal Poly Mustangs football team\nThe team was led by 11th-year head coach LeRoy Hughes and played home games at Mustang Stadium in San Luis Obispo, California. They finished the season with a record of one wins and five losses (1\u20135, 1\u20132 CCAA).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [36, 36], "content_span": [37, 247]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077944-0002-0000", "contents": "1960 Cal Poly Mustangs football team\nTragedy struck following the game at Bowling Green State University on Saturday, October 29, 1960 when a plane leaving Toledo Airport crashed killing 22 people. This included 16 Cal Poly Mustang football players and the team manager. Cal Poly cancelled the rest of their scheduled games in the 1960 season (vs. Los Angeles State, UC Santa Barbara, and Adams State). The following year, a benefit game was held to raise a memorial fund for the survivors and bereaved families. It was called the Mercy Bowl and was held at the Los Angeles Memorial Coliseum in Los Angeles. The game between Fresno State University and Bowling Green State University on November 23, 1961 raised more than $200,000.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [36, 36], "content_span": [37, 731]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077944-0003-0000", "contents": "1960 Cal Poly Mustangs football team, Team players in the NFL\nNo Cal Poly Mustangs were selected in the 1961 NFL Draft.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 61], "content_span": [62, 119]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077945-0000-0000", "contents": "1960 Cal Poly Pomona Broncos football team\nThe 1960 Cal Poly Pomona Broncos football team represented Cal Poly Kellogg-Voorhis Unit during the 1960 NCAA College Division football season. Cal Poly played as an independent in 1960.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 42], "section_span": [42, 42], "content_span": [43, 229]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077945-0001-0000", "contents": "1960 Cal Poly Pomona Broncos football team\nCal Poly Pomona was led by fourth-year head coach Don Warhurst. They played home games on campus in Pomona, California. The Broncos finished the season with a record of seven wins and two losses (7\u20132). Overall, the team outscored its opponents 201\u2013134 for the season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 42], "section_span": [42, 42], "content_span": [43, 310]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077945-0002-0000", "contents": "1960 Cal Poly Pomona Broncos football team, Team players in the NFL\nNo Cal Poly Pomona players were selected in the 1961 NFL Draft.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 42], "section_span": [44, 67], "content_span": [68, 131]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077946-0000-0000", "contents": "1960 Calare by-election\nA by-election was held for the Australian House of Representatives seat of Calare on 5 November 1960. This was triggered by the resignation of Liberal MP John Howse.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [23, 23], "content_span": [24, 189]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077946-0001-0000", "contents": "1960 Calare by-election\nThe by-election was won by Country Party candidate John England.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [23, 23], "content_span": [24, 88]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077947-0000-0000", "contents": "1960 Calgary Stampeders season\nThe 1960 Calgary Stampeders finished in 3rd place in the W.I.F.U. with a 6\u20138\u20132 record. They were defeated in the West Semi-Finals by the Edmonton Eskimos.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [30, 30], "content_span": [31, 185]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077947-0001-0000", "contents": "1960 Calgary Stampeders season\nThis was the first season at McMahon Stadium for the Stamps.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [30, 30], "content_span": [31, 91]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077948-0000-0000", "contents": "1960 California Golden Bears football team\nThe 1960 California Golden Bears football team was an American football team that represented the University of California, Berkeley in the Athletic Association of Western Universities (AAWU) during the 1960 NCAA University Division football season. In its first year under head coach Marv Levy, the team compiled a 2\u20137\u20131 record (1\u20133 against AAWU opponents), finished in fourth place in the AAWU, and was outscored by its opponents by a combined total of 195 to 93.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 42], "section_span": [42, 42], "content_span": [43, 508]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077948-0001-0000", "contents": "1960 California Golden Bears football team\nThe team's statistical leaders included Randy Gold with 696 passing yards, Steve Bates with 384 rushing yards, and Dave George with 128 receiving yards. Cal center Dick Carlson received recognition from the Associated Press (AP) as a second-team player on the 1960 All-Pacific Coast football team.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 42], "section_span": [42, 42], "content_span": [43, 340]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077949-0000-0000", "contents": "1960 Cambodian policy referendum\nA referendum on government policy was held in Cambodia on 5 June 1960. Voters were offered four choices of policies to approve; those of Norodom Sihanouk, Son Ngoc Thanh or the communists, with a fourth choice of being \"indifferent\". Sihanouk's policies received all but 359 of the two million ballots cast.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [32, 32], "content_span": [33, 340]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077950-0000-0000", "contents": "1960 Cameroonian constitutional referendum\nA constitutional referendum was held in Cameroon on 21 February 1960. The new constitution would make the country a federal presidential republic with a unicameral federal parliament. It was passed by 60% of voters with a 75.5% turnout.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 42], "section_span": [42, 42], "content_span": [43, 279]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077951-0000-0000", "contents": "1960 Cameroonian parliamentary election\nParliamentary elections were held in Cameroon on 10 April 1960. They were the first elections held in accordance with the new constitution, approved in a referendum in February, which created a unicameral federal National Assembly. The result was a slim victory for the Cameroonian Union, forcing it to govern in coalition. However, the election was marred by severe irregularities. Voter turnout was 69.5%.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [39, 39], "content_span": [40, 447]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077951-0001-0000", "contents": "1960 Cameroonian parliamentary election, Results\nJulienne Keutcha was the only woman elected, becoming the first directly-elected female member of the Cameroonian parliament.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 48], "content_span": [49, 174]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077952-0000-0000", "contents": "1960 Campeonato Argentino de Rugby\nThe Campeonato Argentino de Rugby 1960 was won by the selection of Buenos Aires Province (\"Provincia\") that beat in the final the selection of Capital.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [34, 34], "content_span": [35, 186]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077952-0001-0000", "contents": "1960 Campeonato Argentino de Rugby\nIn this edition, made his first appearance the selection of Rio Negro y Neuqu\u00e9n, while disappear the selection of La Plata, encapsulated in the \"Provincia\". The semifinals was not played as usual in Buenos Aires, but in Rosario and Tucuman.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [34, 34], "content_span": [35, 275]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077952-0002-0000", "contents": "1960 Campeonato Argentino de Rugby, Semifinals\nRosario: E. Garc\u00eda, E. Espa\u00f1a, J. Pellejero, J.Caballero, J. Dimasse, O. Aletta, J. Ruiz, A. Pav\u00e1n, E. Kaden, R. Cerfoglio (cap. ), A. Colla, E. Paquez, M. Chesta, N. Robson, R. Esmendi. Capital: J. Lafleur, E. Krossler, A. \u00c1lvarez, L. M\u00e9ndez, C. Salinas, A. Guastella (cap. ), A. S\u00e1enz Valiente, E. Gavi\u00f1a, H. Vidou, G. McCormick, J. Lumi, W. Bunge, D. Churchill Browne, L. Sutton, R. Hogg.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [36, 46], "content_span": [47, 438]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077952-0003-0000", "contents": "1960 Campeonato Argentino de Rugby, Semifinals\nNorte: C. Ponce, Campos, J. Ter\u00e1n, Peir\u00f3, J. Esteban, J. Nucci, A. Fr\u00edas Silva, Silva, M. Arcuri, E. Medina, J. Paz, C. Diambra, R. Ter\u00e1n Vega, J. Centuri\u00f3n, J. Ritorto. , Provincia: J. R\u00edos, E. Neri, R. Oliveri, J. Guidi, R. Magnani, J. Cam\u00acpos, E. Holmgren, G. Montes de Oca, A. Salinas, E. Mitchelstein, R. Schmidt, B. Ota\u00f1o, W. Aniz, J. Casanegra, E. Sorhaburu.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [36, 46], "content_span": [47, 412]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077952-0004-0000", "contents": "1960 Campeonato Argentino de Rugby, Final\nProvincia: J. R\u00edos, E. Neri, J. Guidi, R. Oliveri, R. Magnani, I. Co\u00acmas, E. Holmgren, G. Montes de Oca, A. Salinas (cap. ), E. Mit\u00acchelstein, R. Schmidt, B. Ota\u00f1o, E. Sorhaburu, J. Casanegra, W. Aniz Capital: J. Lafleur, E. Krossler, L. M\u00e9ndez, E. Karplus, C. Salinas, A. Guastella (cap. ), A. S\u00e1enz Valiente, R. Hogg, D. Churchill Brow\u00acne, L. Sutton, J. Lumi, W Bunge, E. Gavi\u00f1a, H. Vidou, G. Mac Cormick", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [36, 41], "content_span": [42, 448]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077953-0000-0000", "contents": "1960 Campeonato Brasileiro S\u00e9rie A\nThe 1960 Campeonato Brasileiro S\u00e9rie A (officially the 1960 Ta\u00e7a Brasil) was the 2nd edition of the Campeonato Brasileiro S\u00e9rie A. It began on September 6, 1960, and ended on December  28, 1960.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [34, 34], "content_span": [35, 229]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077953-0001-0000", "contents": "1960 Campeonato Brasileiro S\u00e9rie A, Format\nThe competition was a single elimination knockout tournament featuring two-legged ties, with a Tie-Break (play-off) if the sides were tied on points (however, if the tie-break was a draw, the aggregate score of the first two legs was used to determine the winner).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [36, 42], "content_span": [43, 307]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077954-0000-0000", "contents": "1960 Campeonato Carioca\nThe 1960 edition of the Campeonato Carioca kicked off on July 24, 1960 and ended on December 18, 1960. It was organized by FCF (Federa\u00e7\u00e3o Carioca de Futebol, or Carioca Football Federation). Twelve teams participated. Am\u00e9rica won the title for the 7th time, their last title to date. no teams were relegated.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [23, 23], "content_span": [24, 332]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077954-0001-0000", "contents": "1960 Campeonato Carioca, System\nThe tournament would be disputed in a double round-robin format, with the team with the most points winning the title.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 31], "content_span": [32, 150]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077955-0000-0000", "contents": "1960 Campeonato Ecuatoriano de F\u00fatbol\nThe 1960 Campeonato Ecuatoriano de F\u00fatbol (English: Ecuadorian Football Championship) was the 2nd national championship for football teams in Ecuador. The tournament returned after a two-year hiatus using with the same format, but expanded the field of teams from four to eight.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [37, 37], "content_span": [38, 316]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077955-0001-0000", "contents": "1960 Campeonato Ecuatoriano de F\u00fatbol\nFor the second season in a row, a Guayaquil team won the national championship. Barcelona won their first national title, which allowed them to participate in the 1961 Copa Campeones. They are the first Ecuadorian club to play in the continental tournament.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [37, 37], "content_span": [38, 295]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077955-0002-0000", "contents": "1960 Campeonato Ecuatoriano de F\u00fatbol, Qualified teams\nThe number of teams for this season expanded from four to eight. The qualified teams were the top four teams from the Guayaquil and Interandino leagues.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [39, 54], "content_span": [55, 207]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077956-0000-0000", "contents": "1960 Campeonato Paulista\nThe 1960 Campeonato Paulista da Divis\u00e3o Especial, organized by the Federa\u00e7\u00e3o Paulista de Futebol, was the 59th season of S\u00e3o Paulo's top professional football league. Santos won the title for the 5th time. Am\u00e9rica, Corinthians de Presidente Prudente and Ponte Preta were relegated and the top scorer was Santos's Pel\u00e9 with 34 goals.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [24, 24], "content_span": [25, 357]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077956-0001-0000", "contents": "1960 Campeonato Paulista, Championship\nThe championship was disputed in a double-round robin system, with the team with the most points winning the title and the team with the fewest points being relegated. Aside of that, the three teams directly above the last-placed team would dispute a playoff to define the other two relegation berths.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 38], "content_span": [39, 340]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077957-0000-0000", "contents": "1960 Campeonato Profesional\nThe 1960 Campeonato Profesional was the 13th season of Colombia's top-flight football league. 12 teams competed against one another and played each weekend. Santa Fe won the league for the 3rd time in its history after getting 61 points. Millonarios, the defending champion, was 6th with 45 points.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [27, 27], "content_span": [28, 326]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077957-0001-0000", "contents": "1960 Campeonato Profesional, Background\nThe same 12 teams from the last tournament competed in this one. Santa Fe won the championship for the third time.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 39], "content_span": [40, 154]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077957-0002-0000", "contents": "1960 Campeonato Profesional, League system\nEvery team played four games against each other team, two at home and two away. Teams received two points for a win and one point for a draw. If two or more teams were tied on points, places were determined by goal difference. The team with the most points is the champion of the league.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 42], "content_span": [43, 330]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077958-0000-0000", "contents": "1960 Campionato Italiano season\nThe 1960 Campionatio Italiano was the 3rd season of the Campionato Italiano. Renato Pirocchi won this championship. Many rounds were run in conjunction 1960 Campionatio A.N.P.E.C./Auto Italiana d\u2019Europa (World Car Trophy Italian ANPEC), which saw Colin Davis win the title.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [31, 31], "content_span": [32, 305]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077959-0000-0000", "contents": "1960 Canada Cup\nThe 1960 Canada Cup took place 23\u201326 June at Portmarnock Golf Club in Portmarnock, north-east of Dublin, Ireland. It was the eighth Canada Cup event, which became the World Cup in 1967. The tournament was a 72-hole stroke play team event with 30 teams. These were the same teams that had competed in 1959 but without South Korea and Indonesia and with the addition of Peru and Central Africa. Each team consisted of two players from a country. The combined score of each team determined the team results. The American team of Arnold Palmer and Sam Snead won by eight strokes over the English team of Bernard Hunt and Harry Weetman. The individual competition was won by the Belgian Flory Van Donck, who finished two shots ahead of Sam Snead.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 15], "section_span": [15, 15], "content_span": [16, 757]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077960-0000-0000", "contents": "1960 Cannes Film Festival\nThe 13th Cannes Film Festival was held from 4 to 20 May 1960. The Palme d'Or went to the La Dolce Vita by Federico Fellini. The festival opened with Ben-Hur, directed by William Wyler.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [25, 25], "content_span": [26, 210]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077960-0001-0000", "contents": "1960 Cannes Film Festival, Jury\nThe following people were appointed as the Jury of the 1960 competition:", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [27, 31], "content_span": [32, 104]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077960-0002-0000", "contents": "1960 Cannes Film Festival, Films out of competition\nThe following films were selected to be screened out of competition:", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [27, 51], "content_span": [52, 120]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077960-0003-0000", "contents": "1960 Cannes Film Festival, Short film competition\nThe following short films competed for the Short Film Palme d'Or:", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [27, 49], "content_span": [50, 115]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077961-0000-0000", "contents": "1960 Cape Grand Prix\nThe 1960 Cape Grand Prix was a motor race, run to Formula Libre rules, held on 17 December 1960 at Killarney in South Africa. The race was run over 72 laps of the circuit, and was just won by British driver Stirling Moss in a Porsche 718. Jo Bonnier came in second with the fastest lap. The German driver Wolfgang von Trips was third in a Lotus.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [20, 20], "content_span": [21, 366]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077962-0000-0000", "contents": "1960 Caribbean Series\nThe twelfth edition of the Caribbean Series (Serie del Caribe) was a baseball tournament held from February 10 through February 15, 1960 featuring the champion teams from Cuba (Cienfuegos), Panama (Marlboro), Puerto Rico (Caguas) and  Venezuela (Rapi\u00f1os). The format consisted of 12 games, each team facing the other teams twice, and the games were played at Estadio Nacional of Panama City.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [21, 21], "content_span": [22, 413]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077962-0001-0000", "contents": "1960 Caribbean Series, Summary\nIt was the final edition of the first stage of the CBWS, after MLB Commissioner Ford Frick banned American players from playing in Cuba for the 1960-61 winter season. As response, in March 1961 the Fidel Castro government would decree the abolition of professional sport in Cuba. The Series would be suspended until 1970, reconstituting without Cuba and Panama, while adding the Dominican Republic. Cuba would return to the Series in 2014.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [23, 30], "content_span": [31, 470]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077962-0002-0000", "contents": "1960 Caribbean Series, Summary\nFor the seventh time, and fifth consecutive year, Cuba won the CBWS championship with an undefeated record of 6-0. The Cuban team, managed by Tony Casta\u00f1o, was led by a pitching staff anchored by big leaguers Camilo Pascual, who went 2-0 with 15 strikeouts including a one-hit shutout, and Pedro Ramos (one win, one save) and Orlando Pe\u00f1a (one win, one save).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [23, 30], "content_span": [31, 390]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077962-0002-0001", "contents": "1960 Caribbean Series, Summary\nThe offense was paced by outfielder George Altman, who co-led the series hitters with a .438 average, and first baseman Rogelio Alvarez (.333, two HR, .750 SLG, six runs, 10 RBI), second baseman Cookie Rojas (.429, one HR), OF Dan Dobbek (2 HR, .800 SLG) and OF Tony Gonz\u00e1lez (.429). Catcher Ray Noble and shortstop Leo C\u00e1rdenas also contributed in the defense.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [23, 30], "content_span": [31, 392]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077962-0003-0000", "contents": "1960 Caribbean Series, Summary\nPanama ended in second place with a 3-3 mark and was led by catcher/manager Wilmer Shantz. The team led the Series with 45 runs, powered by OF Eddie Napole\u00f3n, who shared the batting title with George Altman, as well 1B/OF Stan Palys (two HR, 12 RBI, 6 runs, .704 SLG), H\u00e9ctor L\u00f3pez (.370, 2 HR, 10 RBI, two stolen bases) and Lee Tate (eight runs, three doubles). Also in the roster were pitchers Bob Milo, Ken Rowe, Humberto Robinson and Robert Waltz, outfielder Joe Caffie and 1B Jim Gentile, who was injured at the start.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [23, 30], "content_span": [31, 554]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077962-0004-0000", "contents": "1960 Caribbean Series, Summary\nPuerto Rico, managed by first baseman Vic Power, finished third with a 2-4 record. The team led the tournament with 10 home runs but only scored 27 runs. OF Tommy Davis was named the Series Most Valuable Player after hitting .409 with three homers, six RBI, seven runs, two stolen bases,  and a .818 SLG%. Other contributions came from third baseman Woody Huyke (.350, one HR, .500 SLG), SS F\u00e9lix Torres (3 HR), and OF/1B Orlando Cepeda (.333, .524 SLG, two SB). The team's two victories came from pitchers Earl Wilson (1-1, 15 strikeouts in 15 innings pitched)  and Juan Pizarro (1-1, 16 SO in 14 IP).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [23, 30], "content_span": [31, 633]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077962-0005-0000", "contents": "1960 Caribbean Series, Summary\nVenezuela was represented by the Occidental League champion as a late replacement after a players strike in the Venezuelan Professional Baseball League. The Rapi\u00f1os team ended in last place with a 1-5 record and was managed by Les Moss. Venezuela's only victory came at expense of Puerto Rico behind a strong pitching effort by Ed Hobaugh. The starting rotation was depleted after Juli\u00e1n Ladera was injured, while Billy Muffett (0-2, 6.00 ERA) was a notable weak spot, even though he pitched a 12-inning complete game. The offense was guided by CF Willie Davis (.333, .593 SLG, two SB) and 3B Luis Garc\u00eda (.333, one HR, .542 SLG). 2B Bob Aspromonte and SS Luis Aparicio provided a solid middle infield defense.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [23, 30], "content_span": [31, 741]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077963-0000-0000", "contents": "1960 Carshalton by-election\nThe 1960 Carshalton by-election was held on 16 November 1960 when the incumbent Conservative MP, Antony Head, was elevated to the peerage on appointment as British High Commissioner to Nigeria. It was retained by the Conservative candidate Walter Elliot.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [27, 27], "content_span": [28, 282]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077964-0000-0000", "contents": "1960 Central Michigan Chippewas football team\nThe 1960 Central Michigan Chippewas football team represented Central Michigan University in the Interstate Intercollegiate Athletic Conference (IIAC) during the 1960 NCAA College Division football season. In their 10th season under head coach Kenneth \"Bill\" Kelly, the Chippewas compiled a 3\u20135 record (3\u20133 against IIAC opponents) and were outscored by their opponents by a combined total of 165 to 161.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 45], "section_span": [45, 45], "content_span": [46, 449]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077964-0001-0000", "contents": "1960 Central Michigan Chippewas football team\nThe team's statistical leaders included Wally Sadosty with 531 passing yards, Bob Fisher with 492 rushing yards, and Len Jagello with 150 receiving yards. Fisher received the team's most valuable player award. Two Central Michigan players (defensive backs Frank Gawkowski and Jerry O'Neil) received first-team honors on the All-IIAC team.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 45], "section_span": [45, 45], "content_span": [46, 384]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077965-0000-0000", "contents": "1960 Chatham Cup\nThe 1960 Chatham Cup was the 33rd annual nationwide knockout football competition in New Zealand.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 16], "section_span": [16, 16], "content_span": [17, 114]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077965-0001-0000", "contents": "1960 Chatham Cup\nThe competition was run on a regional basis, with regional associations each holding separate qualifying rounds. Teams taking part in the final rounds are known to have included North Shore United, Hamilton Technical Old Boys, Kahukura (Bay of Plenty), Eastern Union (Gisborne), Moturoa AFC (New Plymouth), Napier Rovers, Wanganui Athletic, Kiwi United (Manawatu), Masterton Athletic, Northern Wellington, Nelson Athletic, Technical Old Boys (Christchurch), Northern (Dunedin), and Invercargill Thistle.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 16], "section_span": [16, 16], "content_span": [17, 520]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077965-0002-0000", "contents": "1960 Chatham Cup, The 1960 final\nNorth Shore United won the cup for a second time, having previously been champions in 1952. The aggregate of eight goals in the final equalled the record set in the 1940 final, previously equalled in 1955 and 1958. The final was the perfect way for North Shore to celebrate their 75th anniversary. From a 1-1 half-time deadlock, NSU quickly raced to a 3\u20131 lead. Tech reduced the deficit before North Shore added two more goals. Technical completed the scoring with the sixth goal of the half, but were left two goals adrift of the winners. North Shore United's goals were scored by Tony Lowndes (2), John Ryan, Tom Paterson, and Ken Armstrong, while Ted Charlton, John Campbell, and Arthur Verham scored for Tech.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 16], "section_span": [18, 32], "content_span": [33, 746]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077966-0000-0000", "contents": "1960 Chattanooga Moccasins football team\nThe 1960 Chattanooga Moccasins football team was an American football team that represented the University of Chattanooga (now known as the University of Tennessee at Chattanooga) during the 1960 NCAA College Division football season. In their 30th year under head coach Scrappy Moore, the team compiled a 5\u20135 record.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [40, 40], "content_span": [41, 358]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077967-0000-0000", "contents": "1960 Chicago Bears season\nThe 1960 Chicago Bears season was their 41st regular season completed in the National Football League. The team finished with a 5\u20136\u20131 record under George Halas, finishing fifth in the NFL Western Conference, a game below .500, a rare sight under a Halas coached team. The Bears lost all three games in December by significant margins, the last two being shutouts.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [25, 25], "content_span": [26, 389]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077967-0001-0000", "contents": "1960 Chicago Bears season, Standings\nNote: Tie games were not officially counted in the standings until 1972.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [27, 36], "content_span": [37, 109]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077968-0000-0000", "contents": "1960 Chicago Cubs season\nThe 1960 Chicago Cubs season was the 89th season of the Chicago Cubs franchise, the 85th in the National League and the 45th at Wrigley Field. The Cubs finished seventh in the eight-team National League with a record of 60\u201394, 35 games behind the NL and World Series champion Pittsburgh Pirates. The Cubs drew 809,770 fans to Wrigley Field, also seventh in the circuit.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [24, 24], "content_span": [25, 394]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077968-0001-0000", "contents": "1960 Chicago Cubs season\nThe 1960 Cubs were managed by two men, Charlie Grimm and Lou Boudreau. Grimm, 61, began his third different tenure as the team's pilot at the outset of the season, but after only 17 games he swapped jobs on May 4 with Cubs' broadcaster Boudreau. On that day, the Cubs were 6\u201311 and in seventh place, six games behind Pittsburgh. Boudreau, 42, managed the Cubs for the season's final 137 contests, posting a 54\u201383 (.394) mark. The team avoided the cellar by only one game over the tailending Philadelphia Phillies.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [24, 24], "content_span": [25, 538]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077968-0002-0000", "contents": "1960 Chicago Cubs season, Player stats, Batting, Starters by position\nNote: Pos = Position; G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 69], "content_span": [70, 194]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077968-0003-0000", "contents": "1960 Chicago Cubs season, Player stats, Batting, Other batters\nNote: G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 62], "content_span": [63, 171]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077968-0004-0000", "contents": "1960 Chicago Cubs season, Player stats, Pitching, Starting pitchers\nNote: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 67], "content_span": [68, 178]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077968-0005-0000", "contents": "1960 Chicago Cubs season, Player stats, Pitching, Other pitchers\nNote: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 64], "content_span": [65, 175]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077968-0006-0000", "contents": "1960 Chicago Cubs season, Player stats, Pitching, Relief pitchers\nNote: G = Games pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; SV = Saves; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 65], "content_span": [66, 166]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077969-0000-0000", "contents": "1960 Chicago White Sox season\nThe 1960 Chicago White Sox season was the team's 60th season in the major leagues, and its 61st season overall. They finished with a record of 87\u201367, good enough for third place in the American League, 10 games behind the first-place New York Yankees.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [29, 29], "content_span": [30, 281]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077969-0001-0000", "contents": "1960 Chicago White Sox season, Player stats, Batting\nNote: G = Games played; AB = At Bats; R = Runs scored; H = Hits; 2B = Doubles; 3B = Triples; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in; BB = Base on balls; SO = Strikeouts; AVG = Batting average; SB = Stolen bases", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 52], "content_span": [53, 261]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077969-0002-0000", "contents": "1960 Chicago White Sox season, Player stats, Pitching\nNote: W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; G = Games pitched; GS = Games started; SV = Saves; IP = Innings pitched; H = Hits allowed; R = Runs allowed; ER = Earned runs allowed; HR = Home runs allowed; BB = Walks allowed; K = Strikeouts", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 53], "content_span": [54, 301]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077970-0000-0000", "contents": "1960 Chico State Wildcats football team\nThe 1960 Chico State Wildcats football team represented Chico State College during the 1960 NCAA College Division football season. Chico State competed in the Far Western Conference in 1960. They played home games at College Field in Chico, California.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [39, 39], "content_span": [40, 292]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077970-0001-0000", "contents": "1960 Chico State Wildcats football team\nThe 1960 Wildcats were led by third-year head coach George Maderos. Chico State finished the season with a record of six wins and four losses (6\u20134, 2\u20133 FWC). The Wildcats outscored their opponents 163\u2013146 for the season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [39, 39], "content_span": [40, 260]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077970-0002-0000", "contents": "1960 Chico State Wildcats football team, Team players in the NFL\nNo Chico State players were selected in the 1961 NFL Draft.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 64], "content_span": [65, 124]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077971-0000-0000", "contents": "1960 Chinese Mount Everest expedition\nThe 1960 Chinese Mount Everest expedition was the first to successfully ascend Mount Everest via the North Ridge. Three members of the Chinese Everest Expedition Team, Wang Fuzhou, Gonpo, and Qu Yinhua reached the summit at 4:20\u00a0a.m., 25 May. The expedition left no photographic evidence at the summit, and was originally met with skepticism in the West. However, the international mountaineering community has generally acknowledged the result as more evidence has been revealed.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [37, 37], "content_span": [38, 518]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077971-0001-0000", "contents": "1960 Chinese Mount Everest expedition, Preparation\nIn 1955, four athletes, led by Xu Jing, went to Soviet Transcaucasia to study mountaineering with an invitation from the Soviet Union. In 1957, six mountaineers, including Shi Zhanchun and Liu Lianman, summited Minya Konka, setting a domestic mountaineering record. The same year, the Soviet Union suggested to the Chinese Government that a Sino-Soviet joint climbing team should be formed for Mount Everest. The expedition was originally set for May 1959, but had to be postponed to 1960 due to the 1959 unrest in Tibet.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [39, 50], "content_span": [51, 572]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077971-0001-0001", "contents": "1960 Chinese Mount Everest expedition, Preparation\nMeanwhile, a 380\u00a0km-long road was built from Shigatse to Everest Base Camp, and a weather station was established. By 1960, however, Sino-Soviet split made a joint expedition impossible, and the Soviet Union team retracted all their equipment. The Chinese Government allocated 700,000 US dollars of foreign exchange to purchase mountaineering equipment from Switzerland. The total cost was comparable to that of the 1st National Games of China.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [39, 50], "content_span": [51, 495]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077971-0002-0000", "contents": "1960 Chinese Mount Everest expedition, Preparation\nAt this time, summiting Mount Everest was designated as a \"national task\" for the upcoming China-Nepal border negotiations, as the status of Mount Everest was still disputed. In February 1960, the Chinese Everest Team, with 214 members, was formed. Han Fudong, leader of the \"hero regiment\" from Chinese Civil War Battle of Tashan, was appointed as director. Shi Zhanchun and Xu Jing was team leader and deputy leader, respectively.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [39, 50], "content_span": [51, 483]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077971-0003-0000", "contents": "1960 Chinese Mount Everest expedition, Acclimatization expeditions\nOn 3 March 1960, the team of 192 members arrived at Everest Base Camp. They moved several tonnes of equipment to the Camp and set up Camp 1-3 at the base of East Rongbuk Glacier (5400 m), central part of the glacier (5900 m), and under the North Col (6400 m), respectively.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [39, 66], "content_span": [67, 340]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077971-0004-0000", "contents": "1960 Chinese Mount Everest expedition, Acclimatization expeditions\nOn 19 March, the main members of the climbing team arrived at the Base Camp. On 25 March, the first acclimatization expedition was launched. The team moved equipment to Camp 3 and found a route pass the North Col. In the second expedition of 6 April, 4th Camp at 7007 m was set up. On 29 April, a third acclimatization expedition with the task of setting an Advance Camp at 8500 m was launched. The team encountered strong winds and only arrived at 7600 m in the next evening.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [39, 66], "content_span": [67, 543]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077971-0004-0001", "contents": "1960 Chinese Mount Everest expedition, Acclimatization expeditions\nIn the evening of 2 May, Shi Zhanchun, Xu Jing, members Lhakpa Tsering and Migmar set off to chart a route and ascended to 8100 m. However, the transport team failed to catch up. The two Tibetan members returned to 7600 m, and Lhakpa Tsering climbed back to 8100 m with three transport team members, including Gonpo. While Lhakpa Tsering left to set a camp at 8100 m, Shi Zhanchun continued to climb the Second Step, and selected a route to the summit.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [39, 66], "content_span": [67, 519]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077971-0005-0000", "contents": "1960 Chinese Mount Everest expedition, Acclimatization expeditions\nAfter the third expedition, more than 50 team members, including Shi Zhanchun, suffered from frostbite and had to quit. In Beijing, Marshal He Long was following the team's progress and instructed the team to summit despite all costs. On 17 May, the final expedition was launched. In the afternoon, 23 May, Xu Jing, Wang Fuzhou, Liu Lianman and Gonpo set up the Advance Camp at 8500 m. Qu Yinhua and the transport team also arrived at the camp.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [39, 66], "content_span": [67, 511]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077971-0006-0000", "contents": "1960 Chinese Mount Everest expedition, Final expedition\nThe 4-member-team set off at 9 a.m., 24 May. Soon, Xu Jing was exhausted and had to be replaced by Qu Yinhua. At 12 p.m., they arrived at the Second Step. After several unsuccessful attempts to climb over the Step's last section, Liu Lianman, who was previously a fireman, suggested a \"human ladder\". Qu Yinhua removed his shoes and socks, and stood on Liu Lianman's shoulder to fix ice picks and safety ropes. They climbed over the Second Step at 5 p.m.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [39, 55], "content_span": [56, 510]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077971-0006-0001", "contents": "1960 Chinese Mount Everest expedition, Final expedition\nWith Liu Lianman remaining at a cave under the cliff, Wang Fuzhou led the other team members to continue ascending. Their oxygen was used up at 8800 m. At 4:20\u00a0a.m., 25 May, they arrived at the summit. The three members remained at the summit for 15 minutes, and left a 20\u00a0cm tall statue of Mao Zedong, a national flag, and a paper note.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [39, 55], "content_span": [56, 393]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077971-0007-0000", "contents": "1960 Chinese Mount Everest expedition, Final expedition\nThe team retreated to 8500 m at 9 p.m., and then to 6400 m on 28 May. By 30 May, all members had retreated to the Base Camp. The celebration ceremony was held at the Base Camp on 1 June. Qu Yinhua lost all 10 toes and right index finger to frostbite.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [39, 55], "content_span": [56, 306]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077971-0008-0000", "contents": "1960 Chinese Mount Everest expedition, Reaction\nThe expedition had no photographic evidence at summit as the team ascended at night. The team members were only able to record the final expedition at dawn, when they had already retreated to 8,700\u00a0m (28,500\u00a0ft). The plaster statue of Mao Zedong was gone by the time of the 1963 American expedition, too. Therefore, the news was originally met with suspicion in the West. However, evidences had persuaded many international mountaineers that the team indeed reached the summit. Most notably, features recorded in the 1960 expedition report, including details of the Third Step and terrain near the summit, matched with later summit attempts from the north side. Climbing without oxygen, which was previously regarded as impossible, is also increasingly common.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [39, 47], "content_span": [48, 808]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077972-0000-0000", "contents": "1960 Cincinnati Bearcats football team\nThe 1960 Cincinnati Bearcats football team represented University of Cincinnati during the 1960 NCAA University Division football season. The Bearcats, led by first-year head coach George Blackburn, participated in the Missouri Valley Conference (MVC) and played their home games at Nippert Stadium.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [38, 38], "content_span": [39, 338]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077973-0000-0000", "contents": "1960 Cincinnati Reds season\nThe 1960 Cincinnati Reds season consisted of the Reds finishing in sixth place in the National League standings, with a record of 67\u201387, 28 games behind the National League and World Series champion Pittsburgh Pirates.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [27, 27], "content_span": [28, 246]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077973-0001-0000", "contents": "1960 Cincinnati Reds season\nThe Reds were managed by Fred Hutchinson and played their home games at Crosley Field and attracted 664,486 customers, eighth and last in the league.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [27, 27], "content_span": [28, 177]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077973-0002-0000", "contents": "1960 Cincinnati Reds season, Player stats, Batting, Starters by position\nNote: Pos = Position; G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 72], "content_span": [73, 197]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077973-0003-0000", "contents": "1960 Cincinnati Reds season, Player stats, Batting, Other batters\nNote: G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 65], "content_span": [66, 174]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077973-0004-0000", "contents": "1960 Cincinnati Reds season, Player stats, Pitching, Starting pitchers\nNote: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 70], "content_span": [71, 181]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077973-0005-0000", "contents": "1960 Cincinnati Reds season, Player stats, Pitching, Other pitchers\nNote: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 67], "content_span": [68, 178]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077973-0006-0000", "contents": "1960 Cincinnati Reds season, Player stats, Pitching, Relief pitchers\nNote: G = Games pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; SV = Saves; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 68], "content_span": [69, 169]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077973-0007-0000", "contents": "1960 Cincinnati Reds season, Farm system\nHavana franchise transferred to Jersey City and renamed July 13, 1960", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 40], "content_span": [41, 110]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077974-0000-0000", "contents": "1960 Claxton Shield\nThe 1960 Claxton Shield was the 21st annual Claxton Shield, it was held in Sydney, New South Wales. The participants were South Australia, New South Wales, Victoria, Western Australia and Queensland. The series was won by South Australia, claiming their sixth Shield title.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [19, 19], "content_span": [20, 293]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077975-0000-0000", "contents": "1960 Clemson Tigers football team\nThe 1960 Clemson Tigers football team was an American football team that represented Clemson University in the Atlantic Coast Conference (ACC) during the 1960 NCAA University Division football season. In its 21st season under head coach Frank Howard, the team compiled a 6\u20134 record (4\u20132 against conference opponents), finished fourth in the ACC, and outscored opponents by a total of 197 to 124. The team played its home games at Memorial Stadium in Clemson, South Carolina.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [33, 33], "content_span": [34, 508]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077975-0001-0000", "contents": "1960 Clemson Tigers football team\nDave Lynn and Lowndes Shingler were the team captains. The team's statistical leaders included Lowndes Shingler with 790 passing yards, Bill McGuirt with 320 rushing yards and 54 points scored (9 touchdowns), and Harry Pavilack with 272 receiving yards.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [33, 33], "content_span": [34, 287]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077976-0000-0000", "contents": "1960 Cleveland Browns season\nThe 1960 Cleveland Browns season was the team's 11th season with the National Football League. The 1960 Browns compiled an 8\u20133\u20131 record, and finished second in the NFL's Eastern Conference, behind the NFL champion Philadelphia Eagles. As runner-up, the Browns qualified for the inaugural third place Playoff Bowl in Miami, but lost 17\u201316 to the Detroit Lions on January 7.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [28, 28], "content_span": [29, 401]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077976-0001-0000", "contents": "1960 Cleveland Browns season, Regular season, Standings\nNote: Tie games were not officially counted in the standings until 1972.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 55], "content_span": [56, 128]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077977-0000-0000", "contents": "1960 Cleveland Indians season\nThe 1960 Cleveland Indians season was a season in American baseball. It involved the Indians' fourth-place finish in the American League with a record of 76 wins and 78 losses, 21 games behind the AL Champion New York Yankees. This season was notable for the infamous trade of Rocky Colavito.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [29, 29], "content_span": [30, 322]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077977-0001-0000", "contents": "1960 Cleveland Indians season, Player stats, Batting, Starters by position\nNote: Pos = Position; G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 74], "content_span": [75, 199]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077977-0002-0000", "contents": "1960 Cleveland Indians season, Player stats, Batting, Other batters\nNote: G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 67], "content_span": [68, 176]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077977-0003-0000", "contents": "1960 Cleveland Indians season, Player stats, Pitching, Starting pitchers\nNote: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 72], "content_span": [73, 183]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077977-0004-0000", "contents": "1960 Cleveland Indians season, Player stats, Pitching, Other pitchers\nNote: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 69], "content_span": [70, 180]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077977-0005-0000", "contents": "1960 Cleveland Indians season, Player stats, Pitching, Relief pitchers\nNote: G = Games pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; SV = Saves; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 70], "content_span": [71, 171]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077978-0000-0000", "contents": "1960 Colgate Red Raiders football team\nThe 1960 Colgate Red Raiders football team was an American football team that represented Colgate University as an independent during the 1960 NCAA University Division football season. Head coach Alva Kelley returned for his second year, leading the team to an identical 2\u20137 record. John Maloney was the team captain.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [38, 38], "content_span": [39, 356]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077978-0001-0000", "contents": "1960 Colgate Red Raiders football team\nThe team played its home games at Colgate Athletic Field in Hamilton, New York.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [38, 38], "content_span": [39, 118]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077979-0000-0000", "contents": "1960 College Baseball All-America Team\nAn All-American team is an honorary sports team composed of the best amateur players of a specific season for each team position\u2014who in turn are given the honorific \"All-America\" and typically referred to as \"All-American athletes\", or simply \"All-Americans\". Although the honorees generally do not compete together as a unit, the term is used in U.S. team sports to refer to players who are selected by members of the national media. Walter Camp selected the first All-America team in the early days of American football in 1889.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [38, 38], "content_span": [39, 569]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077979-0001-0000", "contents": "1960 College Baseball All-America Team\nFrom 1947 to 1980, the American Baseball Coaches Association was the only All-American selector recognized by the NCAA.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [38, 38], "content_span": [39, 158]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077980-0000-0000", "contents": "1960 College Football All-America Team\nThe 1960 College Football All-America team is composed of college football players who were selected as All-Americans by various organizations and writers that chose College Football All-America Teams in 1960. The six selectors recognized by the NCAA as \"official\" for the 1960 season are (1) the American Football Coaches Association (AFCA), (2) the Associated Press (AP), (3) the Football Writers Association of America (FWAA), (4) the Newspaper Enterprise Association (NEA), (5) the Sporting News, and (6) the United Press International (UPI).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [38, 38], "content_span": [39, 585]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077980-0001-0000", "contents": "1960 College Football All-America Team\nSeven players, including 1960 Heisman Trophy winner Joe Bellino of Navy, and College and Pro Football Hall of Fame inductees Mike Ditka of Pitt and Bob Lilly of TCU, were unanimously named first-team All-Americans by all six official selectors.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [38, 38], "content_span": [39, 283]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077980-0002-0000", "contents": "1960 College Football All-America Team, Consensus All-Americans\nFor the year 1960, the NCAA recognizes six published All-American teams as \"official\" designations for purposes of its consensus determinations. The following chart identifies the NCAA-recognized consensus All-Americans and displays which first-team designations they received.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 63], "content_span": [64, 341]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077981-0000-0000", "contents": "1960 Colombian parliamentary election\nParliamentary elections were held in Colombia on 20 March 1960 to elect the Chamber of Representatives. Under the National Front agreement, only the Conservative Party and the Liberal Party were able to contest the elections, with 50% of the seats in both houses allocated to each party. As a result, the main contest at the elections was between factions within each party.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [37, 37], "content_span": [38, 412]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077982-0000-0000", "contents": "1960 Colorado Buffaloes football team\nThe 1960 Colorado Buffaloes football team was an American football team that represented the University of Colorado during the 1960 NCAA University Division football season. Head coach Sonny Grandelius led the team to a 6\u20131 mark in the \"Big 8\" and 7\u20133 overall, including a forfeit victory over Kansas.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [37, 37], "content_span": [38, 339]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077983-0000-0000", "contents": "1960 Colorado State College Bears baseball team\nThe 1960 Colorado State College Bears baseball team represented Colorado State College in the 1960 NCAA University Division baseball season. The Bears played their home games at Jackson Field. The team was coached by Pete Butler in his 18th year at Colorado State.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 47], "section_span": [47, 47], "content_span": [48, 312]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077983-0001-0000", "contents": "1960 Colorado State College Bears baseball team\nThe Bears won the District VII playoff to advanced to the College World Series, where they were defeated by the St. John's Redmen.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 47], "section_span": [47, 47], "content_span": [48, 178]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077984-0000-0000", "contents": "1960 Colorado State Rams football team\nThe 1960 Colorado State Rams football team represented Colorado State University in the Skyline Conference during the 1960 NCAA University Division football season. In their fifth season under head coach Don Mullison, the Rams compiled a 2\u20138 record (1\u20136 against Skyline opponents), finished last in the Skyline Conference, and were outscored by opponents by a total of 240 to 92.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [38, 38], "content_span": [39, 418]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077984-0001-0000", "contents": "1960 Colorado State Rams football team\nThe team's statistical leaders included Jon Crider with 305 passing yards, Brady Keys with 368 rushing yards, and Ward Gates with 209 receiving yards.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [38, 38], "content_span": [39, 189]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077985-0000-0000", "contents": "1960 Columbia Lions football team\nThe 1960 Columbia Lions football team was an American football team that represented Columbia University during the 1960 NCAA University Division football season. Columbia finished fifth in the Ivy League.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [33, 33], "content_span": [34, 239]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077985-0001-0000", "contents": "1960 Columbia Lions football team\nIn their fourth season under head coach Aldo \"Buff\" Donelli, the Lions compiled a 3\u20136 record and were outscored 191 to 126. Robert McCool was the team captain.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [33, 33], "content_span": [34, 193]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077985-0002-0000", "contents": "1960 Columbia Lions football team\nThe Lions' 3\u20134 conference record placed fifth in the Ivy League. Columbia was outscored 121 to 118 by Ivy opponents.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [33, 33], "content_span": [34, 150]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077985-0003-0000", "contents": "1960 Columbia Lions football team\nColumbia played its home games at Baker Field in Upper Manhattan, in New York City.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [33, 33], "content_span": [34, 117]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077986-0000-0000", "contents": "1960 Commonwealth Prime Ministers' Conference\nThe 1960 Commonwealth Prime Ministers' Conference was the tenth Meeting of the Heads of Government of the Commonwealth of Nations. It was held in the United Kingdom in May 1960, and was hosted by that country's Prime Minister, Harold Macmillan.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 45], "section_span": [45, 45], "content_span": [46, 290]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077986-0001-0000", "contents": "1960 Commonwealth Prime Ministers' Conference\nThis was the first Commonwealth conference since Malayan independence in August 1957 and saw the growing importance of the non-white  \"New Commonwealth\" countries. Malaya's prime minister, Tunku Abdul Rahman and his government vigorously opposed the apartheid policies of South Africa and, with the support of Pakistan, India and Ghana, demanded that the issue be addressed by the Commonwealth. However, Macmillan insisted that the final communique could only include matters on which the leaders were unanimous. Ghana advised the meeting that it would be becoming a republic and South Africa advised that it would be holding a referendum on the issue. Ghana was advised that its continued membership in the Commonwealth as a republic was recognised, however, South Africa was advised that it would need to seek consent of other Commonwealth governments for its membership to continue.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 45], "section_span": [45, 45], "content_span": [46, 931]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077987-0000-0000", "contents": "1960 Concepci\u00f3n earthquakes\nThe  1960 Concepci\u00f3n earthquakes were a succession of three destructive earthquakes that happened between 21 and 22 May 1960. They formed part of the foreshock sequence for the 1960 Valdivia earthquake, the largest recorded earthquake in history.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [27, 27], "content_span": [28, 274]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077987-0001-0000", "contents": "1960 Concepci\u00f3n earthquakes\nThe first was on May 21 at 06:02 UTC-4. Its epicenter was near Ca\u00f1ete, B\u00edo B\u00edo Region, Chile, and its magnitude was 8.1\u00a0 or 8.3MW and 7.3 or 7.5MS. This earthquake, which lasted 35 seconds, destroyed a third of the buildings in the city of Concepci\u00f3n.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [27, 27], "content_span": [28, 279]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077987-0002-0000", "contents": "1960 Concepci\u00f3n earthquakes\nThe earthquake effectively interrupted and ended Lota's coal miners march on Concepci\u00f3n where they demanded higher salaries.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [27, 27], "content_span": [28, 152]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077987-0003-0000", "contents": "1960 Concepci\u00f3n earthquakes\nThe second happened on May 22 at 06:30 UTC-4. Its epicenter was in the Nahuelbuta National Park, Araucan\u00eda Region, Chile, and its magnitude was 7.1 Mw. It was followed by a 6.8 Mw earthquake at 06:32 UTC-4.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [27, 27], "content_span": [28, 234]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077987-0004-0000", "contents": "1960 Concepci\u00f3n earthquakes\nThe third happened the same day at 14:56 UTC-4. Its epicenter was near Pur\u00e9n, Araucan\u00eda Region, Chile and its magnitude was 7.8 MS or 7.8 Mw. This earthquake happened 15 minutes before the 1960 Valdivia earthquake.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [27, 27], "content_span": [28, 242]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077988-0000-0000", "contents": "1960 Connecticut Huskies football team\nThe 1960 Connecticut Huskies football team represented the University of Connecticut in the 1960 NCAA College Division football season. The Huskies were led by ninth-year head coach Bob Ingalls, and completed the season with a record of 5\u20134.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [38, 38], "content_span": [39, 280]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077989-0000-0000", "contents": "1960 Constitution of Czechoslovakia\nThe Constitution of the Czechoslovak Socialist Republic (\u00dastava \u010ceskoslovensk\u00e9 socialistick\u00e9 / \u010ceskoslovenskej socialistickej republiky in Czech / Slovak), promulgated on 11 July 1960 as the constitutional law 100/1960 Sb., was the third constitution of Czechoslovakia, and the second of the Communist era. It replaced the 1948 Ninth-of-May Constitution and was widely changed by the Constitutional Law of Federation in 1968. It was extensively revised after the Velvet Revolution to prune out its Communist character, with a view toward replacing it with a completely new constitution. However, this never took place, and it remained in force until the dissolution of Czechoslovakia in 1992.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [35, 35], "content_span": [36, 728]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077989-0001-0000", "contents": "1960 Constitution of Czechoslovakia, Overview\nThe Ninth-of-May-Constitution was superficially similar in many respects to the 1920 Constitution and contained a mixture of liberal democratic and Communist elements. In contrast, the 1960 Constitution was a fully Communist document. It borrowed heavily from the 1936 Soviet Constitution. This was reflected in the change of the country's official name from the Czechoslovak Republic (which was described as a people's democratic state\" after the 1948 Communist takeover) to Czechoslovak Socialist Republic.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 45], "content_span": [46, 554]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077989-0001-0001", "contents": "1960 Constitution of Czechoslovakia, Overview\nDue to President and party boss Anton\u00edn Novotn\u00fd's devotion to Nikita Khrushchev and oneupmanship among other Eastern Bloc countries, Czechoslovakia was declared the first country after \"our great ally, the fraternal Union of Soviet Socialist Republics\" which achieved socialism (3 years before Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia and 5 before Socialist Republic of Romania). Thus the constitution's preamble said that \"socialism has won in our country,\" proclaiming that the last obstacle to socialism had been removed by \"the determined action of the working people in February 1948.\" It went on to say that as a result of \"finishing the socialist construction, we are changing over to building an advanced socialist society and gathering strength for the transition to communism.\"", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 45], "content_span": [46, 833]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077989-0002-0000", "contents": "1960 Constitution of Czechoslovakia, Overview\nThe 1960 Constitution severely limited the autonomy granted to Slovakia. This provision was Novotn\u00fd's idea. The executive branch of the Slovak government was abolished and its duties assigned to the Presidium of the Slovak National Council, thus combining executive and legislative functions into a single body. The legislative National Assembly was given authority to overrule decisions of the Slovak National Council, and central government agencies took over the administration of the major organs of Slovak local government.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 45], "content_span": [46, 574]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077989-0003-0000", "contents": "1960 Constitution of Czechoslovakia, Overview\nThe constitution was first amended by constitutional laws 110/1967 (status of Prague local councils to be set by special law), 28/1968 (similar for Bratislava), the Constitutional Law of Federation 143/1968 and accompanying 144/1968 on ethnic minorities, and further by constitutional laws 57/1969 (local councils put into the authority of national republics), 155/1969 (court reform), 43/1971 (elected bodies term of office prolonged to 5 years from 4), 50/1975 (this actually affected only the Constitutional Law of Federation, into which the Presidency had been moved: President unable to carry out his duties over a year can be replaced, i. e. ill Ludv\u00edk Svoboda with Gust\u00e1v Hus\u00e1k), 62/1978 (a minor change about schooling, see below), 135/1989 (leading role of the KS\u010c abolished etc.) and several times during 1990\u20131992 (e. g. 102/1990 change of the national symbols - the constitutional laws changing the country's name twice weren't formally amendments to the constitution; 23/1991 incorporation of the human rights charter that replaced the Chapter 2 below, etc. ).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 45], "content_span": [46, 1119]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077989-0004-0000", "contents": "1960 Constitution of Czechoslovakia, Structure\nThe Constitution consisted of a preamble and 112 articles divided into 9 chapters. Chapter 1, entitled \"The Social Order,\" declares Czechoslovakia to be a \"socialist state, founded on the firm bond of workers, peasants and intelligentsia, in whose lead is the working class.\" It declared Czechoslovakia to be a member of \"the world socialist system\" dedicated to \"friendly relations to all nations and securing lasting peace in the whole world\". The paragraph whereby it was \"a unitary State of two fraternal nations possessing equal rights \u2013 the Czechs and the Slovaks\" was changed into \"federal state\" and moved into the Law of Federation in 1968.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 46], "content_span": [47, 696]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077989-0005-0000", "contents": "1960 Constitution of Czechoslovakia, Structure\nWhile Article 1 of the Ninth-of-May Constitution vested all power in \"the people,\" Article 2 of the 1960 Constitution vested power in \"the working people.\" State power was exercised \"by the working people through representative bodies which are elected by, surveilled by, and accountable to them.\" Article 4 stipulated that \"the leading force in the society and the state is the vanguard of the working class, the Communist Party of Czechoslovakia (KS\u010c).\" The party had not even been mentioned in the Ninth-of-May Constitution.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 46], "content_span": [47, 574]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077989-0006-0000", "contents": "1960 Constitution of Czechoslovakia, Structure\nPrinciples of the \"socialist economic system, in which the means of production are socialised and the entire national economy directed by plan\" and the rules of democratic centralism, are also laid out. \"Socialist ownership\" takes two forms: state ownership especially of natural resources, the means of industrial production, public transportation and communications, banks and insurance companies, mass media and health, educational, and scientific facilities; and cooperative ownership, which is the property of people's cooperatives (Art. 8). Small private enterprises \"based on [owner's] personal labour and excluding exploitation of others' workforce\" are permitted within limits (9) formally; this in practice concerned agriculture. Personal ownership of consumer goods, \"family homes, and savings earned through labour\" is guaranteed, as is inheritance of such property (10).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 46], "content_span": [47, 930]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077989-0007-0000", "contents": "1960 Constitution of Czechoslovakia, Structure\nChapter 2 describes the rights and duties of citizens. Equal rights regardless of nationality, race, or sex are guaranteed (20). Education is free and compulsory to the age of fifteen (24; this was changed to \"set by law\" as impractical in the education reform of the 1970s); citizens of Hungarian, Ukrainian, and Polish ethnicity are ensured \"all opportunities and means for education in their mother tongue\" (25; this was abolished and replaced by somewhat more detailed constitutional law on minorities 144/1968, which also took in account Germans and listed Rusyns as synonym to Ukrainians).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 46], "content_span": [47, 642]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077989-0007-0001", "contents": "1960 Constitution of Czechoslovakia, Structure\n\"All citizens have the right of work and compensation for work done according to its amount, quality and social import\" (21), \"all workers\" have the right of medical care and material security in old age and in case of disability (23). \"In accordance with the interests of the working people, all citizens are guaranteed\" freedom of speech and press (28).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 46], "content_span": [47, 402]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077989-0007-0002", "contents": "1960 Constitution of Czechoslovakia, Structure\nAlso guaranteed is the \"right to profess any religious faith or to be without religious conviction, and to practice religious acts unless this contravenes the law\"; conscientious objection to \"civic duty set by law\" based on religious conviction is specifically prohibited (32) while citizens are bound to serve in the armed forces (37). Chapters 3 to 6 deal with the National Assembly, President, government and Slovak National Council respectively and were abolished and replaced by the Constitutional Law of Federation in 1968. Chapter 7 concerns National Committees (i. e. local and regional government), 8 judiciary system and 9 general and concluding provisions.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 46], "content_span": [47, 715]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077990-0000-0000", "contents": "1960 Copa Libertadores\nThe 1960 Copa de Campeones de Am\u00e9rica was the first season of the Copa CONMEBOL Libertadores, CONMEBOL's premier club tournament. Seven association's clubs entered the first competition, with three not sending a representative. The first match of the tournament was played between Uruguayan side Pe\u00f1arol and Bolivian side Jorge Wilstermann on April 19 in Montevideo, Uruguay.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [22, 22], "content_span": [23, 398]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077990-0001-0000", "contents": "1960 Copa Libertadores\nDuring that game, Ausberto Garc\u00eda of Jorge Wilstermann became the first player to move the ball in the tournament setting the motions for what is to become one of the most prestigious competitions in the world. Carlos Borges of Pe\u00f1arol scored the first goal of the tournament, with teammate and legendary figure Alberto Spencer scoring the first hat-trick.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [22, 22], "content_span": [23, 379]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077990-0002-0000", "contents": "1960 Copa Libertadores\nPe\u00f1arol would go to become the first South American club champion after defeating the Olimpia in the finals. With the subsequent results on later editions, Pe\u00f1arol became the most successful club in the competition until 1973.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [22, 22], "content_span": [23, 249]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077990-0003-0000", "contents": "1960 Copa Libertadores, Background\nCONMEBOL, the governing body of the sport in South America, had been formed in 1916, but for the first forty-three years of its existence, its member associations played only friendly matches against each other, with no prizes at stake. In 1958, however, Jos\u00e9 Ramos de Freitas, the confederation's president, finally set into motion a competition open to all national champions of the continent, with a trophy to be awarded to the winners. The South American Championship of Champions was the inspiration for the idea to take fruit and formation.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [24, 34], "content_span": [35, 581]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077990-0003-0001", "contents": "1960 Copa Libertadores, Background\nAlthough all national association's champions were eligible to participate, only seven chose to do so: Bahia of Brazil, Jorge Wilstermann of Bolivia, Millonarios of Colombia, Olimpia of Paraguay, Pe\u00f1arol of Uruguay, San Lorenzo of Argentina and Universidad de Chile of Chile. Peru and Venezuela did not send their respective national league champions since the tournament received general lack of interest from its associations, and Ecuador did not have a national champion to send. The first edition of the Copa de Campeones aroused no great accompaniment to the press particularly in Pacific Rim countries and in Brazil and Argentina.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [24, 34], "content_span": [35, 671]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077990-0004-0000", "contents": "1960 Copa Libertadores, Format\nEach match-up was a two-team group stage. Wins were awarded two points, 1 point for a draw, and no points for a loss. The team with the most points after a home and away game advanced to the next stage. If the teams still remained tied, goal difference will become a factor. A one-game playoff would be implemented in case the teams are still tied. A draw of lots was to become the last solution to breaking a tie.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [24, 30], "content_span": [31, 445]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077990-0005-0000", "contents": "1960 Copa Libertadores, Preliminary round\nDue to there being an odd number of teams in the competition, Olimpia received a bye and thus reached the semi-finals without having played a match in the competition (their predetermined opponents, Universitario of Peru, withdrew so they won by walk over). The series between San Lorenzo and Bahia finished in a draw on points and the group was decided on goal difference in which the Argentines were allowed through to the semi-finals. Pe\u00f1arol and Millonarios completed the semi-final line-up after convincing victories over Jorge Wilstermann and Universidad de Chile, respectively.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [24, 41], "content_span": [42, 626]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077990-0006-0000", "contents": "1960 Copa Libertadores, Preliminary round\nThere was much publicity in Montevideo as the Bolivian champions Jorge Wilstermann arrived four days ahead of the historic, first ever match of the competition. Unlike what was happening in the five other countries of the competitors, the tournament was receiving a lot of coverage from the Uruguayan media. The President of the Bolivian Football Federation, Valera C\u00e1mara, arrived in Montevideo nine days before the game to prepare all the details for the stay of the football champion of his country.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [24, 41], "content_span": [42, 544]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077990-0006-0001", "contents": "1960 Copa Libertadores, Preliminary round\nHe also used the occasion to promote the Campeonato Sudamericano that Bolivia was going to organize in 1961 (eventually held in 1963) and to confirm the matches Bolivia was going to play against Uruguay for the qualifiers of the 1962 FIFA World Cup to be held in Chile. Pablo P\u00e9rez Estrada, president of Jorge Wilstermann, arrived on April 13.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [24, 41], "content_span": [42, 385]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077990-0007-0000", "contents": "1960 Copa Libertadores, Preliminary round\nThe 1972 edition of the Journal Estadio de Chile mentioned that the humiliating elimination of Universidad de Chile was attributed to the exhaustion of the team. Estadio mentions that by that time the interest of the La U executives was to take the Chilean champion for an extensive tour to Europe that was extended, on their return, with some more friendly matches in Central America. The Chilean press, highly critical by the 0\u20136 thrashing in Santiago, labeled Universidad de Chile as a \"team of tourists\" and even gave them an alluding cartoon.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [24, 41], "content_span": [42, 589]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077990-0008-0000", "contents": "1960 Copa Libertadores, Semifinals\nAll matches from this stage of the competition onwards resulted in draws except for two. Both semi-final matches of semifinal group A finished in a draw and thus it went into a play-off on a neutral venue. Chile was designated as the venue in which a tie-breaking playoff would be contested in case there was a tie on points. However, the 1960 Valdivia earthquake forced a change of location; Pe\u00f1arol didn't accept the playoff to be held in Asunci\u00f3n. San Lorenzo, however, allowed the play-off to be held in the home ground of Pe\u00f1arol in exchange for $100.000. Jos\u00e9 Sanfilippo later recalled:", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [24, 34], "content_span": [35, 627]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077990-0009-0000", "contents": "1960 Copa Libertadores, Semifinals\nWith regard to the position taken by our executives on the third game played in Uruguay, Nene said, \"I told them (San Lorenzo boardmembers) no! To play again in Montevideo was like going to the lion's mouth\", but they didn't listen to me and they accepted the proposal. Their first goal was trout. To put it bluntly, we were screwed over. The Uruguayans thought, \"If these idiots were so accepting to play in the 'Centenario', then we can not go easy on them\". And then the Paraguayan referee Dimas Larrosa called everything against us all the time. Before, the 'lanyards' usually won and thanks to the bad leadership we had, we were left with nothing. The reality is that the game was given to them for a few bucks.\"", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [24, 34], "content_span": [35, 752]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077990-0010-0000", "contents": "1960 Copa Libertadores, Semifinals\nOlimpia secured the second place in the final by thumping Millonarios at the second leg.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [24, 34], "content_span": [35, 123]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077990-0011-0000", "contents": "1960 Copa Libertadores, Finals\nThe finals were contested between Pe\u00f1arol and Olimpia over two legs, one at each participating club's stadium. The first leg took place at the Estadio Centenario in Montevideo in which the Manyas won 1\u20130 thanks to an Alberto Spencer goal late in the game. The second leg was played in the Estadio Manuel Ferreira in Asunci\u00f3n. Olimpia   was leading 1\u20130 for the majority of the match, but Luis Cubilla scored the equalizer with only six minutes left in the match to give Pe\u00f1arol the trophy in the first edition of the competition.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [24, 30], "content_span": [31, 559]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077991-0000-0000", "contents": "1960 Copa Libertadores Finals\nThe 1960 Copa de Campeones Finals was a football series between Pe\u00f1arol and Olimpia on June 12 and June 19 of this very year. It was the final of the first staging of the Copa de Campeones de Am\u00e9rica (known in the modern era as the Copa Libertadores), which would go on to become the premier club competition in South American football and one of the most prestigious competition in the world.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [29, 29], "content_span": [30, 423]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077991-0000-0001", "contents": "1960 Copa Libertadores Finals\nSeven teams entered the competition in its first season and, due to the odd number of teams, Olimpia reached the finals having won only one match and playing merely two. Pe\u00f1arol had dispatched Jorge Wilstermann and needed a playoff to overcome San Lorenzo to reach the finals with the weight of having played five matches.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [29, 29], "content_span": [30, 352]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077991-0001-0000", "contents": "1960 Copa Libertadores Finals\nAlberto Spencer became the first player to score a goal in a final of this tournament. He also became the first person to score two goals on a final series. Juan Vicente Lezcano became the first player to be sent off in the finals when he was given his marching order on the first leg. The final was effectively decided by a late equalizer on the second leg, scored six minutes from full-time by Alberto Spencer, in a volatile and highly charged game in Asunci\u00f3n. The Manyas became the first ever winners of South America's premier club tournament.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [29, 29], "content_span": [30, 578]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077991-0002-0000", "contents": "1960 Copa Libertadores Finals, Rules\nThe final were played over two legs; home and away. The team that accumulated the most points \u2014two for a win, one for a draw, zero for a loss\u2014 after the two legs would be crowned the champion. Should the two teams be tied on points after the second leg, the team with the best goal difference would win. If the two teams had equal goal difference, a playoff match at a neutral venue would be contested.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 36], "content_span": [37, 439]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077992-0000-0000", "contents": "1960 Copa Preparaci\u00f3n\nThe Copa Preparaci\u00f3n 1960 was the 3rd edition of the Chilean Cup tournament. The competition started on March 26, 1960, and concluded on May 1, 1960. Deportes La Serena won the competition for the first time, beating Santiago Wanderers 4\u20131 in the final.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [21, 21], "content_span": [22, 275]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077992-0001-0000", "contents": "1960 Copa Preparaci\u00f3n\nMatches were scheduled to be played at the stadium of the team named first on the date specified for each round. If scores were level after 90 minutes had been played, an extra time took place. If at the end of these 30 minutes Extra time periods, the teams have scored an equal number of goals, a coin toss took place.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [21, 21], "content_span": [22, 341]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077993-0000-0000", "contents": "1960 Copa del General\u00edsimo Final\nThe Copa del General\u00edsimo 1960 Final was the 58th final of the King's Cup. The final was played at Santiago Bernab\u00e9u Stadium in Madrid, on 26 June 1960, being won by Club Atl\u00e9tico de Madrid, who beat Real Madrid 3-1.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [32, 32], "content_span": [33, 249]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077994-0000-0000", "contents": "1960 Copa del General\u00edsimo Juvenil\nThe 1960 Copa del General\u00edsimo Juvenil was the tenth staging of the tournament. The competition began on May 15, 1960, and ended on June 26, 1960, with the final.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [34, 34], "content_span": [35, 197]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077995-0000-0000", "contents": "1960 Coppa Italia Final\nThe 1960 Coppa Italia Final was the final of the 1959\u201360 Coppa Italia. The match was played on 18 September 1960 between Juventus and Fiorentina. Juventus won 3\u20132; it was their fourth victory.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [23, 23], "content_span": [24, 216]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077996-0000-0000", "contents": "1960 Cork City Council election\nAs part of the 1960 Irish local elections, all 21 seats on Cork City Council were contested on 29 June, with counting of votes beginning on 30 June and concluded in the early hours of 3 July. This was the last time the entire county borough of Cork formed a single local electoral area (LEA), with 63 single transferable vote counts necessary to process the 72 candidates. Electoral law empowered the Minister for Local Government to split county boroughs into multiple LEAs only if the council requested, which Cork City Council had not done. The Electoral Act 1963 allowed the minister to act unilaterally and, after its 1965 boundary extension, the borough was divided into 6 LEAs in time for the 1967 local elections, with the larger parties increasing their proportion of seats.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [31, 31], "content_span": [32, 815]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077996-0001-0000", "contents": "1960 Cork City Council election, Results\nThe first six candidates elected gained the honorific title alderman; the other 15 were \"councillors\". Se\u00e1n McCarthy, John Bermingham and Gus Healy were also elected to Cork County Council from the Cork Rural LEA which bordered the city.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 40], "content_span": [41, 278]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077997-0000-0000", "contents": "1960 Cork Intermediate Hurling Championship\nThe 1960 Cork Intermediate Hurling Championship was the 51st staging of the Cork Intermediate Hurling Championship since its establishment by the Cork County Board in 1909.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 43], "section_span": [43, 43], "content_span": [44, 216]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077997-0001-0000", "contents": "1960 Cork Intermediate Hurling Championship\nOn 4 September 1960, Passage won the championship following a 3\u201307 to 1\u201308 defeat of St. Vincent's in the final at Riverstick Sportsfield. This was their third championship title overall and their first title since 1930.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 43], "section_span": [43, 43], "content_span": [44, 264]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077998-0000-0000", "contents": "1960 Cork Senior Football Championship\nThe 1960 Cork Senior Football Championship was the 72nd staging of the Cork Senior Football Championship since its establishment by the Cork County Board in 1887.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [38, 38], "content_span": [39, 201]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077998-0001-0000", "contents": "1960 Cork Senior Football Championship\nOn 23 October 1960, University College Cork won the championship following a 1-07 to 0-09 defeat of Avondhu in the final. This was their fourth championship title overall and their first title since 1928.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [38, 38], "content_span": [39, 243]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077999-0000-0000", "contents": "1960 Cork Senior Hurling Championship\nThe 1960 Cork Senior Hurling Championship was the 72nd staging of the Cork Senior Hurling Championship since its establishment by the Cork County Board in 1887. The draw for the opening round fixtures took place at the Cork Convention on 31 January 1960. The championship began on 24 April 1960 and ended on 18 September 1960.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [37, 37], "content_span": [38, 364]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077999-0001-0000", "contents": "1960 Cork Senior Hurling Championship\nOn 18 September 1960, Glen Rovers won the championship following a 3-8 to 1-12 defeat of University College Cork in the final. This was their 18th championship title overall and their third title in succession.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [37, 37], "content_span": [38, 248]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00077999-0002-0000", "contents": "1960 Cork Senior Hurling Championship\nUniversity College Cork's John Joe Browne was the championship's top scorer with 2-17.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [37, 37], "content_span": [38, 124]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078000-0000-0000", "contents": "1960 Cornell Big Red football team\nThe 1960 Cornell Big Red football team was an American football team that represented Cornell University during the 1960 NCAA University Division football season. Cornell tied for last place in the Ivy League .", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [34, 34], "content_span": [35, 245]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078000-0001-0000", "contents": "1960 Cornell Big Red football team\nIn its 14th and final season under head coach George K. James, the team compiled a 2\u20137 record and was outscored 167 to 78. Warren Sundstrom was the team captain.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [34, 34], "content_span": [35, 196]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078000-0002-0000", "contents": "1960 Cornell Big Red football team\nCornell's 1\u20136 conference record tied for seventh place in the Ivy League. The Big Red were outscored 132 to 55 by Ivy opponents.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [34, 34], "content_span": [35, 163]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078000-0003-0000", "contents": "1960 Cornell Big Red football team\nCornell played its home games at Schoellkopf Field in Ithaca, New York.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [34, 34], "content_span": [35, 106]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078001-0000-0000", "contents": "1960 Cotton Bowl Classic\nThe 1960 Cotton Bowl Classic was the 24th edition of the college football bowl game, played at the Cotton Bowl in Dallas, Texas, on Friday, January\u00a01. Part of the 1959\u201360 bowl game season, it matched the independent and top-ranked Syracuse Orangemen and #4 Texas Longhorns of the Southwest Conference (SWC). The\u00a0favored Orangemen won, 23\u201314.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [24, 24], "content_span": [25, 366]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078001-0001-0000", "contents": "1960 Cotton Bowl Classic, Teams, Syracuse\nThe Orangemen had just completed a perfect season for the first time in their history and were declared national champions by both major polls. They were looking for their first win in the Cotton Bowl, having lost previously three years earlier.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 41], "content_span": [42, 287]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078001-0002-0000", "contents": "1960 Cotton Bowl Classic, Teams, Texas\nThe Longhorns opened with eight wins and were co-champions of the Southwest Conference; after a late-season home loss to rival TCU, they dropped from second to fourth in the rankings. This was the first Cotton Bowl appearance for third-year head coach Darrell Royal and the first for the Longhorns in seven years.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 38], "content_span": [39, 352]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078001-0003-0000", "contents": "1960 Cotton Bowl Classic, Game summary\nThe longest touchdown pass in Cotton Bowl history happened in this game as Syracuse halfback Gerhard Schwedes threw an 87-yard pass to Ernie Davis to give the Orangemen an early lead 1:13 into the game. Davis added in a touchdown run midway through the second quarter to extend the lead to 15\u20130 at halftime.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 38], "content_span": [39, 346]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078001-0004-0000", "contents": "1960 Cotton Bowl Classic, Game summary\nJack Collins caught a 69-yard pass from Bobby Lackey to narrow the lead 1:46 into the third quarter, but the conversion failed, making it only 15\u20136. While Texas was trying to narrow the lead, Davis intercepted a Lackey pass at the Texas 24. Three plays later Schwedes ran in for a 3-yard touchdown run to make it 23\u20136 after another conversion success. Lackey narrowed it to 23\u201314 on a touchdown run in the fourth quarter, but only 7:21 was left on the clock by then. From that point on, the two teams did not seriously threaten to score again as the game ended in a Syracuse win.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 38], "content_span": [39, 618]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078002-0000-0000", "contents": "1960 County Championship\nThe 1960 County Championship was the 61st officially organised running of the County Championship. Yorkshire won their second successive Championship title.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [24, 24], "content_span": [25, 181]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078003-0000-0000", "contents": "1960 Coupe de France Final\nThe 1960 Coupe de France Final was a football match played at Stade Olympique Yves-du-Manoir, Colombes on 15 May 1960 that saw AS Monaco FC defeat AS Saint-\u00c9tienne 4\u20132 thanks to goals by Serge Roy (2), Henri Biancheri and Fran\u00e7ois Ludwikowski.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [26, 26], "content_span": [27, 270]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078004-0000-0000", "contents": "1960 Craven A International\nThe 1960 Craven A International was a motor race staged at the Mount Panorama Circuit, Bathurst, New South Wales, Australia on 2 October 1960. It was the second 100-mile race  for Formula Libre cars to be held at Bathurst in 1960, but unlike the Bathurst 100 held in April, the Craven A International was not a \"Gold Star\" race  counting towards the 1960 Australian Drivers' Championship.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [27, 27], "content_span": [28, 416]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078004-0001-0000", "contents": "1960 Craven A International\nThe race was won by Jack Brabham driving a Cooper T51 Coventry Climax.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [27, 27], "content_span": [28, 98]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078005-0000-0000", "contents": "1960 Crit\u00e9rium du Dauphin\u00e9 Lib\u00e9r\u00e9\nThe 1960 Crit\u00e9rium du Dauphin\u00e9 Lib\u00e9r\u00e9 was the 14th edition of the cycle race and was held from 31 May to 6 June 1960. The race started in Valence and finished in Grenoble. The race was won by Jean Dotto of the Liberia team.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [33, 33], "content_span": [34, 257]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078006-0000-0000", "contents": "1960 Cupa Rom\u00e2niei Final\nThe 1960 Cupa Rom\u00e2niei Final was the 22nd final of Romania's most prestigious football cup competition. It was disputed between Progresul Bucure\u0219ti and Dinamo Obor Bucure\u0219ti, and was won by Progresul Bucure\u0219ti after a game with 2 goals. It was the first cup for Progresul Bucure\u0219ti.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [24, 24], "content_span": [25, 307]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078006-0001-0000", "contents": "1960 Cupa Rom\u00e2niei Final\nDinamo Obor Bucure\u0219ti was the sixth club representing Divizia B which reached the Romanian Cup final.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [24, 24], "content_span": [25, 126]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078007-0000-0000", "contents": "1960 Cypriot by-elections\nBy-elections were held in Cyprus on 25 September 1960 to fill four vacant seats in the 50-member House of Representatives. They were the first legislative by-elections ever held in the Republic of Cyprus. One candidate was elected unopposed, with voting only needed for three seats.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [25, 25], "content_span": [26, 308]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078007-0001-0000", "contents": "1960 Cypriot by-elections, Background\nCyprus gained its independence from the United Kingdom on 16 August 1960. The 1960 constitution provided for a system where the Greek and Turkish communities of the island would share power. The 50-seat House of Representatives had 35 seats elected by the Greek Community and 15 by the Turkish Community. The first parliamentary elections were held on 7 August 1960. In the Greek Community's contest, two parties, the Patriotic Front, which supported the President Makarios III, and the communist Progressive Party of Working People (AKEL) formed a pact, with the Patriotic Front fielding 30 candidates and AKEL five. All of their candidates were elected. In the Turkish Community's contest, all elected representatives were members of the Cyprus Turkish National Union, which was led by the Vice-President of Cyprus Faz\u0131l K\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [27, 37], "content_span": [38, 867]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078007-0002-0000", "contents": "1960 Cypriot by-elections, Background\nOn 16 August 1960, four members of the House of Representatives were appointed ministers; Greek Cypriot Andreas Papadopoulos (Limassol) was appointed Minister of Communications and Works and Turkish Cypriots Osman \u00d6rek (Nicosia), Fazil Plumber (Nicosia) and Niyazi Manyera (Famagusta) were appointed Ministers of Defence, Agriculture and Health respectively. On 29 August 1960, the House of Representatives set 29 September as the date for the by-elections to fill the four vacant seats.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [27, 37], "content_span": [38, 525]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078007-0003-0000", "contents": "1960 Cypriot by-elections, Campaign, Greek Cypriots\nFor the Greek Community's seat in Limassol, the Patriotic Front's candidate was Daphnis Panayides, an EOKA veteran and a farmer. AKEL did not contest the seat, as it believed that it belonged to the Patriotic Front. The Pancyprian Farmers' Union (PEK) had previously supported the Patriotic Front, and 12 of the Patriotic Front's MPs came from PEK. However, PEK supported Panagiotis Orphanos, a farmer, and held a \"conference of farmers from Limassol\" which \"decided unanimously\" to  endorse Orphanou's candidacy. Achilleas Malliotis, a doctor from Limassol, also submitted his candidacy.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [27, 51], "content_span": [52, 640]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078007-0004-0000", "contents": "1960 Cypriot by-elections, Campaign, Greek Cypriots\nIn a statement dated 19 September PEK claimed that, after it had chosen Orphanos as its candidate, he proposed to Panayides to accept the candidacy of PEK instead, but Panayides refused. A few days later, according to PEK, Orphanos visited Panayides and Panayides reassured him he would not contest the seat, \"despite pressure from the Patriotic Front.\" Later in its statement PEK urged everybody in Limassol to, \"Work with fanaticism for the victory of PEK.\"", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [27, 51], "content_span": [52, 511]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078007-0005-0000", "contents": "1960 Cypriot by-elections, Campaign, Greek Cypriots\nDaphnis Panayides replied to PEK's statement on 21 September, stating that, after his return to Cyprus, members of PEK approached him to inform him of their \"irrevocable\" decision to support Panayiotis Orphanos, which they would do \"regardless of whether the Patriotic Front would.\" Panayides then stated he had responded he would support Orphanou's candidacy \"only if it was endorsed by the Patriotic Front.\"", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [27, 51], "content_span": [52, 461]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078007-0006-0000", "contents": "1960 Cypriot by-elections, Campaign, Greek Cypriots\nIn a proclamation PEK implied it would end its support of the Patriotic Front, which it called, \"The 'Patriotic Front'\".", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [27, 51], "content_span": [52, 172]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078007-0007-0000", "contents": "1960 Cypriot by-elections, Campaign, Greek Cypriots\nA proposal was made to the two candidates after Achilleas Malliotis withdrew his candidacy. The proposal, made by Glafkos Clerides, Polycarpos Georkadjis and Spyros Kyprianou, provided that they withdraw from the elections and discuss their mutual support for a third candidate in the Presidential Palace. This was  rejected by PEK.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [27, 51], "content_span": [52, 384]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078007-0008-0000", "contents": "1960 Cypriot by-elections, Campaign, Turkish Cypriots\nIn Famagusta the Cyprus Turkish National Union's candidate, Nebil Nabi Beyin, was elected unopposed.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [27, 53], "content_span": [54, 154]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078007-0009-0000", "contents": "1960 Cypriot by-elections, Campaign, Turkish Cypriots\nIn Nicosia the Cyprus Turkish National Union fielded two candidates, Ibrahim Orhan and Ekrem Sarper, to contest the two vacant Turkish seats. One independent candidate, Kemal Deniz, also ran.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [27, 53], "content_span": [54, 245]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078008-0000-0000", "contents": "1960 Cypriot legislative election\nParliamentary elections were held in Cyprus in 1960. The House of Representatives was elected on 31 July 1960. The Communal Chambers were also elected on 7 August. In the House of Representatives 35 seats were elected by Greek Cypriots and 15 by Turkish Cypriots. The result was a victory for the Patriotic Front, which won 30 of the 50 seats. In the Communal Chambers, the Patriotic Front won the majority of seats in the Greek Chamber, whilst the Cyprus Turkish National Union won all seats in the Turkish Chamber.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [33, 33], "content_span": [34, 550]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078008-0001-0000", "contents": "1960 Cypriot legislative election, Electoral system\nThe House of Representatives consisted of 35 Greek members and 15 Turkish members, whilst the Greek Communal Chamber had 26 members and the Turkish Communal Chamber had 30.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 51], "content_span": [52, 224]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078008-0002-0000", "contents": "1960 Cypriot legislative election, Electoral system\nThe 1959 electoral law divided Cyprus into six multi-member constituencies. Voters could vote for as many candidates as there were seats in their constituency. The electoral system used was Plurality voting.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 51], "content_span": [52, 259]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078008-0003-0000", "contents": "1960 Cypriot legislative election, Campaign\nThe Democratic Union led by Themistocles Dervis and Ioannis Clerides did not participate in the elections. The Democratic Union had opposed the 1959 electoral law, claiming it favoured the Patriotic Front.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 43], "content_span": [44, 249]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078008-0004-0000", "contents": "1960 Cypriot legislative election, Campaign\nThe Patriotic Front and AKEL formed a pact for the elections, with a pre-agreed split of 30 and 5 seats respectively.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 43], "content_span": [44, 161]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078008-0005-0000", "contents": "1960 Cypriot legislative election, Campaign\nThe hastily formed Pancyprian Union of Fighters fielded four candidates, with two in Nicosia, one in Kyrenia and one in Larnaca.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 43], "content_span": [44, 172]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078008-0006-0000", "contents": "1960 Cypriot legislative election, Campaign\nThe Patriotic Front and AKEL pressured independent candidates to withdraw from the elections. As a result, the only female candidate, Kallistheni Maouni (Limassol), withdrew her candidacy.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 43], "content_span": [44, 232]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078008-0007-0000", "contents": "1960 Cypriot legislative election, Campaign\nIn Paphos, the three candidates of the Patriotic Front and one candidate of AKEL were elected unopposed.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 43], "content_span": [44, 148]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078008-0008-0000", "contents": "1960 Cypriot legislative election, Campaign\nIn the fifteen Turkish seats, eight members of the Cyprus Turkish National Union, which was led by Vice-President Faz\u0131l K\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck, ran unopposed in Nicosia, Kyrenia and Larnaca, whilst six independent candidates ran against the Cyprus Turkish National Union\u2019s candidates in Famagusta, Limassol and Paphos.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 43], "content_span": [44, 345]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078008-0009-0000", "contents": "1960 Cypriot legislative election, Campaign\nThe Patriotic Front and AKEL also formed an electoral pact for the Communal Chambers, with a pre-agreed split of 20 and 3 seats respectively. They reserved three seats for the Latin, Armenian and Maronite Communities, which had opted to join the Greek Community upon independence.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 43], "content_span": [44, 324]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078008-0010-0000", "contents": "1960 Cypriot legislative election, Campaign\nFor the 26 seats in the Greek Chamber 31 candidacies were submitted. In Larnaca the three candidates of the Patriotic Front and in Limassol the three candidates of the Patriotic front and one candidate of AKEL were elected unopposed. For the 30 seats of the Turkish Chamber 31 candidacies were submitted, 30 of which were members of the Cyprus Turkish National Union. The Cyprus Turkish National Union's 10, 6, 2, 4 and 4 candidates in Nicosia, Famagusta, Kyrenia, Larnaca and Paphos respectively were declared elected unopposed.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 43], "content_span": [44, 573]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078008-0011-0000", "contents": "1960 Cypriot legislative election, Campaign\nThe agreement reached by the Patriotic Front and AKEL also provided that the two parties would avoid the holding of elections, and independent candidates were pressured to withdraw. In Nicosia, independent candidate Christodoulos Pipis withdrew his candidacy and the six candidates of the Patriotic Front, one candidate of AKEL, Latin candidate Anthony Pietroni and Armenian candidate Berge Tilbian (who ran as a candidate for the Patriotic Front)  were declared elected unopposed. In Paphos, on 3 August independent candidate Efthivoulos Ieropoulos withdrew his candidacy and the two candidates of the Patriotic Front and one candidate of AKEL were declared elected unopposed. In Famagusta, on 6 August (one day before the elections) independent candidate Polyvios Mavrommatis withdrew his candidacy and the four candidates of the Patriotic Front were declared elected unopposed.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 43], "content_span": [44, 924]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078008-0012-0000", "contents": "1960 Cypriot legislative election, Campaign\nInformal elections were held to decide the candidate for the Armenian community on 5 August. The winner of these elections would run as a candidate for the Patriotic Front in Nicosia and the other candidates would withdraw their candidacies. These were won by Berge Tilbian, and Vahram Levonian withdrew his candidacy.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 43], "content_span": [44, 362]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078008-0013-0000", "contents": "1960 Cypriot legislative election, Campaign\nIn Kyrenia, independent candidate Savvas Christis refused to withdraw from the elections and ran against the three candidates of the Patriotic Front (including the Maronite candidate, Ioannis Mavrides).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 43], "content_span": [44, 246]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078008-0014-0000", "contents": "1960 Cypriot legislative election, Campaign\nIn the Turkish Chamber, independent candidate Beukagi Kioproulou was pressured into withdrawing his candidacy in Limassol and the four candidates of the Cyprus Turkish National Union were declared elected unopposed. Therefore, no elections were held for the Turkish Chamber and the Cyprus Turkish National Union won all 30 seats.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 43], "content_span": [44, 373]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078008-0015-0000", "contents": "1960 Cypriot legislative election, Aftermath\nFollowing the elections, Glafcos Clerides was elected president of the House of Representatives and Orhan Muderisoglu was elected Vice-President, and a 12-member cabinet was formed.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 44], "content_span": [45, 226]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078008-0016-0000", "contents": "1960 Cypriot legislative election, Aftermath\nBy-elections were held shortly after the elections as four of the elected MPs, Fazil Plumber, Andreas Papadopoulos, Osman \u00d6rek and Niyazi Manyera were appointed ministers.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 44], "content_span": [45, 216]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078008-0017-0000", "contents": "1960 Cypriot legislative election, Aftermath\nOn 21 July 1961 Patriotic Front MP Lefkios Rodosthenous was removed from the House of Representatives. His seat remained vacant for the rest of his term.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 44], "content_span": [45, 198]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078008-0018-0000", "contents": "1960 Cypriot legislative election, Aftermath\nIn 1961 the Independent Turkish Group was created by eleven of the Turkish-Cypriot MPs. It was led by Orhan Muderisoglu.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 44], "content_span": [45, 165]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078008-0019-0000", "contents": "1960 Cypriot legislative election, Aftermath\nIn 1962 MP Petros Stylianou left the Patriotic Front and continued as an Independent for the remainder of his term.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 44], "content_span": [45, 160]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078008-0020-0000", "contents": "1960 Cypriot legislative election, Aftermath\nIn 1963 Turkish-Cypriot MP Shemshedin Halit Kaz\u0131m died in a car accident. His seat was filled by his wife Ayla Halit Kaz\u0131m. In December 1963 the Turkish Cypriots withdrew from participation in the government, leaving Parliament with only its Greek members.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 44], "content_span": [45, 301]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078008-0021-0000", "contents": "1960 Cypriot legislative election, Aftermath\nOn 21 April 1966 Patriotic Front MPs Titos Fanos and Georgios Tompazos were appointed ministers of agriculture and works respectively, and resigned from the House of Representatives. Their seats remained vacant for the rest of their respective terms. Another MP, Costas Christodoulides, left the Patriotic Front, and Daphnis Panayides, elected in the first by-elections, resigned from the House of Representatives in that same year. Panayides' seat also remained vacant.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 44], "content_span": [45, 515]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078009-0000-0000", "contents": "1960 Czechoslovak parliamentary election\nParliamentary elections were held in Czechoslovakia on 12 June 1960. Voters were presented with a single list from the National Front, dominated by the Communist Party of Czechoslovakia (KS\u010c). According to official figures, 99.7 percent of eligible voters turned out to vote, and 99.9 percent of those who voted approved the National Front list. Within the Front, the Communists had a large majority of 216 seats\u2013147 for the main party and 69 for the Slovak branch.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [40, 40], "content_span": [41, 506]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078009-0001-0000", "contents": "1960 Czechoslovak parliamentary election\nNon -Communist members appeared on the National Front list in order to keep up the appearance of pluralism. However, seats were allocated in accordance with a set percentage, and no party could take part in the political process without KS\u010c approval.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [40, 40], "content_span": [41, 291]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078009-0002-0000", "contents": "1960 Czechoslovak parliamentary election\nThese was the last elections held under the partly liberal democratic Ninth-of-May Constitution. A month after the elections, the new National Assembly approved a new constitution that proclaimed \"socialism has won\" in Czechoslovakia, and changed the country's official name to the Czechoslovak Socialist Republic.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [40, 40], "content_span": [41, 355]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078010-0000-0000", "contents": "1960 DDR-Oberliga\nThe 1960 DDR-Oberliga was the twelfth season of the DDR-Oberliga, the first tier of league football in East Germany. It was the last season not to be played in the traditional autumn-spring format, with the Oberliga having played for six seasons from 1955 to 1960 in the calendar year format instead, modelled on the system used in the Soviet Union. From 1961\u201362 onwards the league returned to its traditional format.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [17, 17], "content_span": [18, 435]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078010-0001-0000", "contents": "1960 DDR-Oberliga\nThe league was contested by fourteen teams. National People's Army club ASK Vorw\u00e4rts Berlin won the championship, the club's second of six national East German championships. On the strength of the 1960 title Vorw\u00e4rts qualified for the 1961\u201362 European Cup where the club was knocked out by Rangers F.C. in the first round. Eighth-placed club SC Motor Jena qualified for the 1961\u201362 European Cup Winners' Cup as the 1960 FDGB-Pokal winner and advanced to the semi-finals before being knocked out by eventual winners Atl\u00e9tico Madrid.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [17, 17], "content_span": [18, 550]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078010-0002-0000", "contents": "1960 DDR-Oberliga\nBernd Bauchspie\u00df of Chemie Zeitz was the league's top scorer with 25 goals.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [17, 17], "content_span": [18, 93]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078010-0003-0000", "contents": "1960 DDR-Oberliga, Table\nThe 1960 season saw two newly promoted clubs, SC Aufbau Magdeburg and SC Chemie Halle.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 24], "content_span": [25, 111]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078011-0000-0000", "contents": "1960 DFB-Pokal Final\nThe 1960 DFB-Pokal Final decided the winner of the 1959\u201360 DFB-Pokal, the 17th season of Germany's knockout football cup competition. It was played on 5 October 1960 at the Rheinstadion in D\u00fcsseldorf. Borussia M\u00fcnchen Gladbach won the match 3\u20132 against Karlsruher SC, to claim their 1st cup title.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [20, 20], "content_span": [21, 318]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078011-0001-0000", "contents": "1960 DFB-Pokal Final, Route to the final\nThe DFB-Pokal began with 5 teams in a single-elimination knockout cup competition. There were a total of two rounds leading up to the final. In the qualification round, all but two teams were given a bye. Teams were drawn against each other, and the winner after 90 minutes would advance. If still tied, 30 minutes of extra time was played. If the score was still level, a replay would take place at the original away team's stadium. If still level after 90 minutes, 30 minutes of extra time was played. If the score was still level, a drawing of lots would decide who would advance to the next round.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [22, 40], "content_span": [41, 642]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078011-0002-0000", "contents": "1960 DFB-Pokal Final, Route to the final\nNote: In all results below, the score of the finalist is given first (H: home; A: away; N: neutral).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [22, 40], "content_span": [41, 141]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078012-0000-0000", "contents": "1960 Dahomeyan parliamentary election\nParliamentary elections were held in the Republic of Dahomey on 11 December 1960. The result was a victory for the Dahomeyan Unity Party (PDU), a merger of the Dahomeyan Democratic Rally and the Dahomey Nationalist Party, which won all 60 seats. Voter turnout was 71.0%.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [37, 37], "content_span": [38, 308]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078012-0001-0000", "contents": "1960 Dahomeyan parliamentary election\nThe leader of the winning party would become president. As head of the PDU list, Hubert Maga was elected.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [37, 37], "content_span": [38, 143]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078013-0000-0000", "contents": "1960 Dallas Cowboys season\nThe 1960 Dallas Cowboys season was the inaugural season for the franchise in the National Football League (NFL). The Cowboys finished their first season with zero wins, 11 losses, and 1 tie, which placed them last in the Western Conference, and was the worst record in the NFL for that season, worse than Dallas' previous entry into the NFL, the Dallas Texans (who finished 1\u201311 in their lone season in 1952, then relocated to Baltimore as the Colts).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [26, 26], "content_span": [27, 478]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078013-0001-0000", "contents": "1960 Dallas Cowboys season, Offseason\nThe NFL had no interest in expanding, but after Lamar Hunt started an American Football League franchise (the Dallas Texans), the NFL granted a franchise to Clint Murchison, Jr., and Bedford Wynne on January 28, 1960. As a footnote to this decision, when the NFL began considering expansion to Texas, the Washington Redskins founder and owner George Preston Marshall strongly opposed the move, as he had enjoyed a monopoly in the South for three decades (apart from the one-year appearance of the Dallas Texans in 1952). Murchison bought the rights to their fight song Hail to the Redskins from a disgruntled Barnee Breeskin (the Redskins' team band leader) and threatened to prevent Marshall from playing it at games. Marshall eventually agreed to back Murchison's bid, receiving back the rights to the song.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [28, 37], "content_span": [38, 847]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078013-0002-0000", "contents": "1960 Dallas Cowboys season, Offseason\nThe franchise hired former Los Angeles Rams executive Tex Schramm as their general manager. Tom Landry, an assistant coach with the New York Giants, was named head coach. Landry was offered the coaching job before the 1959 NFL Championship Game, with a five-year contract. The same day that Landry accepted the offer, it was reported by UPI that Landry would become coach of the AFL's Houston Oilers. Gil Brandt, who had served as a part-time scout for the Rams under Schramm, was named player personnel director. The day after the title game, Landry was announced as head coach of the proposed NFL team in Texas, a franchise that had yet to be awarded.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [28, 37], "content_span": [38, 691]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078013-0003-0000", "contents": "1960 Dallas Cowboys season, Offseason\nAccording to Schramm, the team's name was originally the \"Dallas Steers\", but then was changed to the \"Dallas Rangers,\" which was the name of the minor league baseball team that was supposed to be disbanded. The franchise was admitted to the league too late to participate in the 1960 NFL college draft. However, majority owner Murchison signed two college players, quarterback Don Meredith from SMU, and running back Don Perkins from New Mexico, to personal services contracts before the draft (and before the franchise was voted into the league).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [28, 37], "content_span": [38, 586]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078013-0003-0001", "contents": "1960 Dallas Cowboys season, Offseason\nThe NFL honored these contracts after the franchise was voted in, although the Baltimore Colts drafted Perkins in the ninth round, and Meredith was also selected by the Chicago Bears in the third round after owner George Halas made the pick to help ensure that the expansion Cowboys got off to a solid start. The franchise was allowed to retain both players, but had to give their third-round and ninth-round choices in the 1962 NFL draft to the Bears and Colts, respectively.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [28, 37], "content_span": [38, 514]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078013-0004-0000", "contents": "1960 Dallas Cowboys season, Offseason\nOn March 13, 1960, the franchise selected 36 players in an expansion draft. Each of the other 12 NFL teams were allowed to protect 25 players from their 36-man roster. The franchise was then were given 24 hours to select three players from those unprotected by each other team.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [28, 37], "content_span": [38, 315]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078013-0005-0000", "contents": "1960 Dallas Cowboys season, Offseason\nThe franchise was placed in the league's Western Conference. However, since they were the league's thirteenth franchise in addition to being an expansion franchise, it was decided that they would play every team in the league once, instead of playing each team in their conference twice, as the other teams did.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [28, 37], "content_span": [38, 349]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078013-0006-0000", "contents": "1960 Dallas Cowboys season, Offseason\nThe Cowboys' final pre-season game on September 4 was played in rural northeastern Oregon; they lost 49\u201314 to the Los Angeles Rams at Pendleton's rodeo grounds.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [28, 37], "content_span": [38, 198]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078013-0007-0000", "contents": "1960 Dallas Cowboys season, Offseason, Transactions\nOther notable transactions prior to the season included acquiring quarterback Eddie LeBaron from the Washington Redskins, offensive end Billy Howton from the Cleveland Browns, and signing former San Francisco 49ers fullback Gene Babb. During training camp the team signed quite a few players who were released by other teams. Notable signings included center Mike Connelly, a rookie who was released by the Los Angeles Rams, and veteran Don Bishop, a defensive back who was released by the Chicago Bears.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [28, 51], "content_span": [52, 556]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078013-0008-0000", "contents": "1960 Dallas Cowboys season, Offseason, Name Change\nThe franchise used the nickname \"Rangers\" during its draft. But on March 19, after the baseball team owners reversed course, Murchison volunteered to rename his team to the Cowboys to avoid confusion with the American Association Dallas Rangers baseball team.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [28, 50], "content_span": [51, 310]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078013-0009-0000", "contents": "1960 Dallas Cowboys season, Regular season, Season recap\nExpectations certainly were not high for the Cowboys heading into their inaugural season, but they got off to a hopeful start, as the team took a 14\u20130 lead on Bobby Layne and the Pittsburgh Steelers early in their first game and led throughout before succumbing in the fourth quarter 35\u201328. The next week they played the eventual league champion Philadelphia Eagles to a near deadlock, losing 27\u201325, the difference being two blocked extra points.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [28, 56], "content_span": [57, 503]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078013-0010-0000", "contents": "1960 Dallas Cowboys season, Regular season, Season recap\nThe lack of talent on the roster caught up with them as the season went on, however. Their first ever road game was against the woeful Washington Redskins, and it ended in defeat, 26\u201314, spoiling quarterback Eddie LeBaron's return to the city where he starred for the Redskins during the '50s. The next week the team was annihilated at home by one of the league's top teams, the Cleveland Browns, 48\u20137.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [28, 56], "content_span": [57, 459]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078013-0010-0001", "contents": "1960 Dallas Cowboys season, Regular season, Season recap\nThe team would go on to suffer more lopsided defeats, including a 45\u20137 loss to the defending champion Baltimore Colts, and a 41\u20137 loss to the eventual Western Conference champion Green Bay Packers. Squeezed in between blowout losses was rookie quarterback Don Meredith's first start, which came against the Los Angeles Rams. Predictably, Meredith struggled in a 38\u201313 loss.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [28, 56], "content_span": [57, 430]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078013-0011-0000", "contents": "1960 Dallas Cowboys season, Regular season, Season recap\nThe Cowboys also suffered heartbreaking losses, including a 12\u201310 defeat in St. Louis to the Cardinals, a game in which they led late only to lose on a field goal in the last minute, and a 26\u201314 defeat against the San Francisco 49ers, in which the Cowboys surrendered 17 points during the last 6 minutes of the game.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [28, 56], "content_span": [57, 373]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078013-0012-0000", "contents": "1960 Dallas Cowboys season, Regular season, Season recap\nThe lone highlight of 1960 came near the end of the season, when they traveled to Yankee Stadium and tied the New York Giants 31\u201331, ending the Giants' hopes of winning the Eastern Conference crown for the third year in a row. New York won the next three conference titles for five in six seasons.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [28, 56], "content_span": [57, 354]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078013-0013-0000", "contents": "1960 Dallas Cowboys season, Regular season, Season recap\nThe Cowboys struggled in almost every statistical category, finishing last in both points scored (177) and points allowed (369). Quarterback LeBaron and the receiving corps provided some big plays in the passing game throughout the season, but LeBaron mostly struggled behind a porous offensive line, and the quarterbacks threw a league-high 33 interceptions. Rookie halfback Perkins was lost prior to the season after breaking a bone in his foot, and the Cowboys rushing attack suffered all season long, finishing last in the league in rushing at 1049 yards, and averaging a paltry 3.4 yards per carry.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [28, 56], "content_span": [57, 660]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078013-0014-0000", "contents": "1960 Dallas Cowboys season, Regular season, Season recap\nDefensively the team was gashed by opposing running games all season long, giving up 2242 yards rushing and allowing 5.0 yards per carry, both last in the league. The team's pass defense had its moments, particularly in games against the Chicago Bears and St. Louis Cardinals, but gave up too many big plays and did not provide much of a pass rush.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [28, 56], "content_span": [57, 405]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078013-0015-0000", "contents": "1960 Dallas Cowboys season, Regular season, Season recap\nThe kicking game proved to be average, and the kick returners were among the worst in the league, despite an ample number of opportunities (a league high 69 kick returns).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [28, 56], "content_span": [57, 228]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078013-0016-0000", "contents": "1960 Dallas Cowboys season, Standings\nNote: Tie games were not officially counted in the standings until 1972.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [28, 37], "content_span": [38, 110]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078013-0017-0000", "contents": "1960 Dallas Cowboys season, Publications\nThe Football Encyclopedia ISBN\u00a00-312-11435-4Total Football ISBN\u00a00-06-270170- 3Cowboys Have Always Been My Heroes ISBN\u00a00-446-51950-2", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [28, 40], "content_span": [41, 172]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078014-0000-0000", "contents": "1960 Dallas Texans season\nThe 1960 Dallas Texans season was the inaugural season of Lamar Hunt's American Football League franchise from Dallas, Texas. Head coach Hank Stram led the team to an 8\u20136 record and second place in the AFL's Western Conference.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [25, 25], "content_span": [26, 253]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078014-0001-0000", "contents": "1960 Dallas Texans season\nFor the Texans' inaugural season, team owner Lamar Hunt pursued both legendary University of Oklahoma coach Bud Wilkinson and New York Giants defensive assistant Tom Landry to lead his Texans franchise. Wilkinson opted to stay at Oklahoma, while Landry was destined to coach the NFL's expansion franchise in Dallas. Hunt settled on a relatively unknown assistant coach from the University of Miami, Hank Stram. \"One of the biggest reasons I hired Hank was that he really wanted the job\", Hunt explained. \"It turned out to be a very lucky selection on my part.\"", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [25, 25], "content_span": [26, 586]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078014-0002-0000", "contents": "1960 Dallas Texans season\nThe Texans set up offices in the Mercantile National Bank Building, while Jerry Foss headquartered the AFL offices out of Dallas, as well. Reserved seats were USD $4, general admission USD $2, and high school students paid USD $.90 that initial season. Don Rossi served as the team's General Manager until November when he was succeeded by Jack Steadman.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [25, 25], "content_span": [26, 380]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078014-0003-0000", "contents": "1960 Dallas Texans season\nThe Texans conducted their inaugural training camp at the New Mexico Military Institute in Roswell, New Mexico. The club embarked on a whirlwind pre-season barnstorming tour that featured road games in Oakland, Tulsa, Boston, Abilene, and Little Rock. An announced crowd of 51,000 at the Cotton Bowl witnessed a 24\u20133 victory against Houston on September 2 as the club concluded a perfect 6\u20130 preseason record.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [25, 25], "content_span": [26, 435]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078014-0004-0000", "contents": "1960 Dallas Texans season\nThe Texans had a strong home-state identity with quarterback Cotton Davidson from Baylor, linebacker Sherrill Headrick from TCU, and running back Abner Haynes from North Texas. Haynes led the league with 875 rushing yards and nine TDs, as well as combined net yards (2,100) and punt return average (15.4).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [25, 25], "content_span": [26, 331]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078014-0005-0000", "contents": "1960 Dallas Texans season\nThe Texans also had a flashy, high-scoring club that finished the year at 8\u20136 as three close losses kept the squad from challenging for the division title. The Texans averaged 24,500 for their home games, the highest average in the league.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [25, 25], "content_span": [26, 265]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078014-0006-0000", "contents": "1960 Dallas Texans season, 1960 AFL Draft\nIn the inaugural American Football League Draft, the Texans chose the following players to fill-up their squad:", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [27, 41], "content_span": [42, 153]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078014-0007-0000", "contents": "1960 Dallas Texans season, Regular season\nThe Texans finished their inaugural season 8\u20136, with three wins coming by shut-out.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [27, 41], "content_span": [42, 125]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078014-0008-0000", "contents": "1960 Dallas Texans season, Standings\nNote: Tie games were not officially counted in the standings until 1972.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [27, 36], "content_span": [37, 109]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078014-0009-0000", "contents": "1960 Dallas Texans season, Postseason\nThe Texans did not participate in the AFL Championship by finishing the season in second place of the Western Conference.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [27, 37], "content_span": [38, 159]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078015-0000-0000", "contents": "1960 Danish 1st Division, Overview\nIt was contested by 12 teams, and Aarhus Gymnastikforening won the championship.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 34], "content_span": [35, 115]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078016-0000-0000", "contents": "1960 Danish football air crash\nOn 16 July 1960, after taking off from Copenhagen Airport at 15.38 local time, a de Havilland Dragon Rapide plane, (registration OY-DZY) chartered to the Danish Football Association, crashed into the \u00d8resund about 50 metres from shore after the pilot lost control of the aircraft in severe weather. All eight passengers died; the pilot survived but required a leg to be amputated.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [30, 30], "content_span": [31, 411]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078016-0001-0000", "contents": "1960 Danish football air crash, Footballers\nThe plane was carrying eight association football players to Herning Airport for a final trial match at Herning stadium to select the Danish squad for the 1960 Olympic tournament. Three of the eight had been provisionally selected for the squad; the rest were B-team and youth internationals with a last chance to impress the selectors.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 43], "content_span": [44, 380]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078016-0002-0000", "contents": "1960 Danish football air crash, Footballers\nTwo fishermen found pilot Stig Vindel\u00f8v alive in the wreckage, along with Per Funch Jensen, who died en route to hospital.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 43], "content_span": [44, 166]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078016-0003-0000", "contents": "1960 Danish football air crash, Second aircraft\nA smaller plane waiting for clearance to take off when the accident occurred was due to carry four other players to the same match: Erik Dyreborg, Hans Christian Andersen, Bent J\u00f8rgensen, and Bjarne Eklund. These were all youth players. Dyreborg was demoted from the first plane to make room for a kit basket.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 47], "content_span": [48, 357]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078016-0004-0000", "contents": "1960 Danish football air crash, Olympics\nAfter the accident, the Danish FA considered withdrawing from the Olympic tournament. In the event, they won the silver medal, losing to Yugoslavia in the final.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 40], "content_span": [41, 202]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078017-0000-0000", "contents": "1960 Danish general election\nGeneral elections were held in Denmark on 15 November 1960. The Social Democratic Party remained the largest in the Folketing, with 76 of the 179 seats. Voter turnout was 85.8% in Denmark proper, 57.1% in the Faroe Islands and 65.8% in Greenland. They were the last elections in which the electoral threshold for the Danish seats was 60,000 votes. The following year the electoral law was amended to make it 2% of the vote.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [28, 28], "content_span": [29, 452]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078018-0000-0000", "contents": "1960 Dartmouth Indians football team\nThe 1960 Dartmouth Indians football team was an American football team that represented Dartmouth College during the 1960 NCAA University Division football season. Dartmouth tied for third in the Ivy League.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [36, 36], "content_span": [37, 244]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078018-0001-0000", "contents": "1960 Dartmouth Indians football team\nIn their sixth season under head coach Bob Blackman, the Indians compiled a 5\u20134 record and outscored opponents 98 to 66. Kenneth DeHaven was the team captain.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [36, 36], "content_span": [37, 195]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078018-0002-0000", "contents": "1960 Dartmouth Indians football team\nThe Indians' 4\u20133 conference record tied for third-best in the Ivy League standings. They outscored Ivy opponents 83 to 51.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [36, 36], "content_span": [37, 159]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078018-0003-0000", "contents": "1960 Dartmouth Indians football team\nDartmouth played its home games at Memorial Field on the college campus in Hanover, New Hampshire.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [36, 36], "content_span": [37, 135]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078019-0000-0000", "contents": "1960 Davis Cup\nThe 1960 Davis Cup was the 49th edition of the Davis Cup, the most important tournament between national teams in men's tennis. 28 teams entered the Europe Zone, 6 teams entered the America Zone, and 6 teams entered the Eastern Zone. South Korea made its first appearance in the tournament.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [14, 14], "content_span": [15, 305]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078019-0001-0000", "contents": "1960 Davis Cup\nThe United States defeated Venezuela in the Americas Inter-Zonal final, the Philippines defeated India in the Eastern Zone final, and Italy defeated Sweden in the Europe Zone final. In the Inter-Zonal Zone, the United States defeated the Philippines in the semifinal, and then Italy defeated the United States in the final. In the Challenge Round Italy were defeated by the defending champions Australia. The final was played at White City Stadium in Sydney on 26\u201328 December. It was Italy's first appearance in a Davis Cup final, and it was the first final not to feature the United States since 1936.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [14, 14], "content_span": [15, 617]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078020-0000-0000", "contents": "1960 Davis Cup America Zone\nThe America Zone was one of the three regional zones of the 1960 Davis Cup.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [27, 27], "content_span": [28, 103]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078020-0001-0000", "contents": "1960 Davis Cup America Zone\n6 teams entered the America Zone, with 3 teams each competing in the North & Central America Zone and South America Zone. The winner of each sub-zone would play against each other to determine who moved to the Inter-Zonal Zone to compete against the winners of the Eastern Zone and Europe Zone.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [27, 27], "content_span": [28, 322]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078020-0002-0000", "contents": "1960 Davis Cup America Zone\nThe United States defeated Mexico in the North & Central America Zone final, and Venezuela defeated New Zealand in the South America Zone final. In the Americas Inter-Zonal Final, the United States defeated Venezuela and progressed to the Inter-Zonal Zone.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [27, 27], "content_span": [28, 284]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078021-0000-0000", "contents": "1960 Davis Cup Eastern Zone\nThe Eastern Zone was one of the three regional zones of the 1960 Davis Cup.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [27, 27], "content_span": [28, 103]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078021-0001-0000", "contents": "1960 Davis Cup Eastern Zone\n6 teams entered the Eastern Zone, with the winner going on to compete in the Inter-Zonal Zone against the winners of the America Zone and Europe Zone. The Philippines defeated India in the final and progressed to the Inter-Zonal Zone.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [27, 27], "content_span": [28, 262]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078022-0000-0000", "contents": "1960 Davis Cup Europe Zone\nThe Europe Zone was one of the three regional zones of the 1960 Davis Cup.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [26, 26], "content_span": [27, 101]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078022-0001-0000", "contents": "1960 Davis Cup Europe Zone\n28 teams entered the Europe Zone, with the winner going on to compete in the Inter-Zonal Zone against the winners of the America Zone and Eastern Zone. Italy defeated Sweden in the final and progressed to the Inter-Zonal Zone.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [26, 26], "content_span": [27, 253]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078023-0000-0000", "contents": "1960 Daytona 500\nThe 1960 Daytona 500 was a NASCAR Grand National Series stock car race that was held on February 14, 1960, at Daytona International Speedway in Daytona Beach, Florida, United States. It was the 5th race of the 1960 season, and was won by Junior Johnson in a 1959 Chevrolet.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 16], "section_span": [16, 16], "content_span": [17, 290]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078023-0001-0000", "contents": "1960 Daytona 500, Summary\nThe 200 lap race started with Cotton Owens on the pole and Jack Smith joining him on the front row. Junior Johnson won the four hour race driving a 59 Chevy owned by John Masoni. A crowd of 38,775 watched as Johnson drove the number 27 to victory after starting in the 9th position.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 16], "section_span": [18, 25], "content_span": [26, 308]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078023-0002-0000", "contents": "1960 Daytona 500, Summary\nBud Burdick, Pappy Crane, Dick Foley, Dick Freeman, Tommy Herbert, Dave Hirschfield, Bob Kosiski, Shep Langdon and Bill Lutz would retire from NASCAR after this event.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 16], "section_span": [18, 25], "content_span": [26, 193]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078023-0003-0000", "contents": "1960 Daytona 500, Summary, Pre-race\nIn late January 1960, the CBS network sent anchorman Bud Palmer and 50 other employees to Daytona to cover the events in the first-ever televised coverage of a NASCAR event. CBS announced that their CBS Sports Spectacular show would televise a couple compact car races and the Grand National Pole Position races at Daytona on January 31st. On February 13th a Modified-Sportsman race took place. NASCAR officials lined up 73 cars to take the green flag. Less than a minute and a half after the green flag flew, mayhem ensued when Dick Foley's Chevy got out of shape.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 16], "section_span": [18, 35], "content_span": [36, 601]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078023-0003-0001", "contents": "1960 Daytona 500, Summary, Pre-race\nWhile Foley was able to gather control of his car, and finish the race in tenth place, 37 other vehicles behind him crashed while attempting to avoid the confusion. Twelve cars flipped, and a total of 24 drivers were unable to continue the race. Five ambulances responded to transport 8 drivers to local hospitals. Four drivers were released that day, and four drivers were held overnight. Notable drivers Ralph Earnhardt, Wendell Scott, and Speedy Thompson were among those forced out of the race. Driver Speedy Thompson was quoted as saying", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 16], "section_span": [18, 35], "content_span": [36, 578]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078023-0004-0000", "contents": "1960 Daytona 500, Summary, Pre-race\nIt was the worst accident I've ever seen. It's just a miracle that no-one got hurt any worse than they did", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 16], "section_span": [18, 35], "content_span": [36, 142]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078023-0005-0000", "contents": "1960 Daytona 500, Summary, Pre-race\nIt took cleaning crews and tow trucks only 39 minutes to clear the track for the restart. Marion \"Bubba\" Farr went on to win the record setting crash fest. He drove a 1956 Ford modified with a 1958 Lincoln engine and 6 carburetors, and finished with an average speed of 116\u00a0mph (187\u00a0km/h).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 16], "section_span": [18, 35], "content_span": [36, 325]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078023-0006-0000", "contents": "1960 Daytona 500, Summary, Qualifying races\nFireball Roberts won the first 100-mile (160\u00a0km) qualifying race, and Jack Smith won the second on the 2.5-mile (4.0\u00a0km) track. Roberts grabbed his victory on the paved oval completing the 40 laps in 45 minutes, with two cautions in a 1960 Pontiac. Roberts started second beside Cotton Owens who won the pole with a speed of 149\u00a0mph (240\u00a0km/h). Owens finished second, and Fred Lorenzen rounded out the top 3 with 2 cautions for 5 laps.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 16], "section_span": [18, 43], "content_span": [44, 479]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078023-0006-0001", "contents": "1960 Daytona 500, Summary, Qualifying races\nThe first caution came on lap 1 when Gene White, Dave Hirschfield, and Tommy Irwin all got together coming out of turn two. Irwin and his Ford Thunderbird took a trip into lake Lloyd located in the infield, and Irwin had to swim to safety as the car was nearly submerged. By the time the yellow flag had been displayed, Roberts had already advanced to the front of the pack, and would never relinquish the lead. The win would give Roberts his 22nd NASCAR victory.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 16], "section_span": [18, 43], "content_span": [44, 507]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078023-0006-0002", "contents": "1960 Daytona 500, Summary, Qualifying races\nSmith and his 1960 Pontiac captured the victory from the pole with a qualifying speed of 148\u00a0mph (238\u00a0km/h), and completed the second race in just over 40 minutes with an average speed of 146.5\u00a0mph (235.8\u00a0km/h). There were 2 cautions; and Bobby Johns finished second with Jim Reed grabbing the third spot. The first single lap caution came when John Rosteck spun on lap six, and the second caution, also a one lap slow down, came when Johnny Dodd Jr. crashed into the wall on lap 15.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 16], "section_span": [18, 43], "content_span": [44, 527]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078023-0006-0003", "contents": "1960 Daytona 500, Summary, Qualifying races\nThe dubious distinction of bringing out the first ever black flag fell to Herman \"Turtle\" Beam on lap 8 when officials noticed that Beam was running without his safety helmet, which he had forgotten on the starting grid. Smith set a record for the time by winning with the combination of his speed, and the minimal caution laps. The win was Smith's second of the year, and 12,500 people looked on as he and Roberts grabbed the two top spots in the qualifying races.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 16], "section_span": [18, 43], "content_span": [44, 509]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078023-0007-0000", "contents": "1960 Daytona 500, Summary, Race\nRace day was a brisk day with a high of 61\u00a0\u00b0F (16\u00a0\u00b0C), with steady winds at 31 miles per hour (50\u00a0km/h), strong gusts, and no rain. The high winds, combined with the high speeds resulted in 32 laps being run under caution, and multiple crashes. Tommy Herbert suffered a broken arm and severe eye injury when his T-bird flipped and blew apart when he crashed into the wall on the back straightaway on lap 118. The engine went one direction, the car another, and the front end assembly took flight up to 75 feet in the air.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 16], "section_span": [18, 31], "content_span": [32, 553]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078023-0007-0001", "contents": "1960 Daytona 500, Summary, Race\nDriving through the wreckage, Pappy Crane spun, then rolled his Chevy, but was not hurt. Also included in the attrition was George Green whose car burst into flame forcing him to leap from the car to safety, and Tom Pistone who lost control with 2 laps remaining and hit the turn 4 wall. Junior Johnson took the lead with nine laps remaining when Bobby Johns spun, and Johnson went on to win the race. Johns had grabbed the lead on lap 172, but the winds pulled his back window out, and he lost control. The win was Johnson's first victory of the season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 16], "section_span": [18, 31], "content_span": [32, 586]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078023-0008-0000", "contents": "1960 Daytona 500, Summary, Race\nThe 1960 race was is remembered as being the slowest Daytona 500 race in history, as Johnson averaged just 124\u00a0mph (200\u00a0km/h) over the 500 miles (800\u00a0km).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 16], "section_span": [18, 31], "content_span": [32, 186]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078023-0009-0000", "contents": "1960 Daytona 500, Summary, Legacy\nThere were so many cars destroyed or damaged during the 500 that NASCAR officials felt compelled to cancel a couple races that were scheduled for the following weekend. Palmetto Speedway and Hollywood Speedway both lost their scheduled 100-mile (160\u00a0km) events due to the carnage at Daytona.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 16], "section_span": [18, 33], "content_span": [34, 325]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078023-0010-0000", "contents": "1960 Daytona 500, Summary, Legacy\nRace winner Junior Johnson went on to achieve multiple accolades in the following years; including being inducted into the International Motorsports Hall of Fame in 1990 and being selected as one of NASCAR's 50 Greatest Drivers in 1998. On February 4, 2010, NASCAR announced that Johnson would be Grand Marshal for the 50th anniversary of his 1960 victory.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 16], "section_span": [18, 33], "content_span": [34, 390]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078023-0011-0000", "contents": "1960 Daytona 500, Summary, Legacy\nPart of Johnson's duties as Grand Marshal would be to utter the immortal words \"Gentleman, start your engines\" at the 52nd running of the Daytona 500 on February 14, 2010.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 16], "section_span": [18, 33], "content_span": [34, 205]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078023-0012-0000", "contents": "1960 Daytona 500, Official results\nThe race lasted 4:00:30, with an average speed of 124.74\u00a0mph (200.75\u00a0km/h).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 16], "section_span": [18, 34], "content_span": [35, 110]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078024-0000-0000", "contents": "1960 Delaware Fightin' Blue Hens football team\nThe 1960 Delaware Fightin' Blue Hens football team was an American football team that represented the University of Delaware in the Middle Atlantic Conference during the 1960 NCAA College Division football season. In its tenth season under head coach David M. Nelson, the team compiled a 3-5-1 record (2-3 against MAC opponents) and was outscored by a total of 122 to 114. Mickey Heinecken was the team captain. The team played its home games at Delaware Stadium in Newark, Delaware.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 46], "section_span": [46, 46], "content_span": [47, 530]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078025-0000-0000", "contents": "1960 Delaware State Hornets football team\nThe 1960 Delaware State Hornets football team represented Delaware State College\u2014now known as Delaware State University\u2014as a member of the Central Intercollegiate Athletic Association (CIAA) in the 1960 NCAA College Division football season. Led by coach Roy D. Moore in his first season, the Hornets compiled a 4\u20134 record, outscoring their opponents 134 to 80.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 41], "section_span": [41, 41], "content_span": [42, 403]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078026-0000-0000", "contents": "1960 Delaware gubernatorial election\nThe 1960 Delaware gubernatorial election was held on November 8, 1960.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [36, 36], "content_span": [37, 107]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078026-0001-0000", "contents": "1960 Delaware gubernatorial election\nIncumbent Republican Governor J. Caleb Boggs was term-limited, having served two consecutive terms. Boggs instead ran for the U.S. Senate.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [36, 36], "content_span": [37, 175]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078026-0002-0000", "contents": "1960 Delaware gubernatorial election\nDemocratic nominee Elbert N. Carvel defeated Republican nominee John W. Rollins with 51.73% of the vote.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [36, 36], "content_span": [37, 141]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078026-0003-0000", "contents": "1960 Delaware gubernatorial election, Nominations, Republican nomination\nThe Republican convention was held on August 31 and September 1.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 72], "content_span": [73, 137]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078027-0000-0000", "contents": "1960 Democratic National Convention\nThe 1960 Democratic National Convention was held in Los Angeles, California, on July 11\u201315, 1960. It nominated Senator John F. Kennedy of Massachusetts for president and Senate Majority Leader Lyndon B. Johnson of Texas for vice president.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [35, 35], "content_span": [36, 275]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078027-0001-0000", "contents": "1960 Democratic National Convention\nIn the general election that November, the Kennedy\u2013Johnson ticket won an electoral college victory and a narrow popular vote plurality (slightly over 110,000 nationally) over the Republican candidates Vice President Richard M. Nixon and UN Ambassador Henry C. Lodge II.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [35, 35], "content_span": [36, 305]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078027-0002-0000", "contents": "1960 Democratic National Convention\nDue to its size, the Biltmore Hotel was selected to serve as the headquarters hotel for the Democratic National Committee. It also housed command-posts for the campaigns of the various candidates seeking the nomination, temporary studio spaces for the television networks, and workspaces for select print journalists.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [35, 35], "content_span": [36, 353]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078027-0003-0000", "contents": "1960 Democratic National Convention, Prologue\nThe major candidates for the 1960 Democratic presidential nomination were Kennedy, Governor Pat Brown of California, Senator Stuart Symington of Missouri, Senator Lyndon B. Johnson of Texas, former Illinois Governor Adlai Stevenson, Senator Wayne Morse of Oregon, and Senator Hubert Humphrey of Minnesota. Several other candidates sought support in their home state or region as \"favorite son\" candidates without any realistic chance of winning the nomination. Symington, Stevenson, and Johnson all declined to campaign in the presidential primaries. While this reduced their potential delegate count going into the Democratic National Convention, each of these three candidates hoped that the other leading contenders would stumble in the primaries, thus causing the convention's delegates to choose him as a \"compromise\" candidate acceptable to all factions of the party.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 45], "content_span": [46, 919]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078027-0004-0000", "contents": "1960 Democratic National Convention, Prologue\nKennedy was initially dogged by suggestions from some Democratic Party elders (such as former President Harry S. Truman, who was supporting Symington) that he was too youthful and inexperienced to be president; these critics suggested that he should agree to be the running mate for another Democrat. Realizing that this was a strategy touted by his opponents to keep the public from taking him seriously, Kennedy stated frankly, \"I'm not running for vice-president, I'm running for president.\"", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 45], "content_span": [46, 540]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078027-0005-0000", "contents": "1960 Democratic National Convention, Prologue\nThe next step was the primaries. Kennedy's Roman Catholic religion was an issue. Kennedy first challenged Minnesota Senator Hubert Humphrey in the Wisconsin primary and defeated him. Kennedy's sisters, brothers, and wife Jacqueline combed the state looking for votes, leading Humphrey to complain that he \"felt like an independent merchant competing against a chain store.\" However, some political experts argued that Kennedy's margin of victory had come almost entirely from Catholic areas, and thus Humphrey decided to continue the contest in the heavily Protestant state of West Virginia.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 45], "content_span": [46, 637]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078027-0005-0001", "contents": "1960 Democratic National Convention, Prologue\nThe first televised debate of 1960 was held in West Virginia, and Kennedy outperformed Humphrey. Humphrey's campaign was low on funds and could not compete for advertising and other \"get-out-the-vote\" drives with Kennedy's well-financed and well-organized campaign. In the end, Kennedy defeated Humphrey with over 60% of the vote, and Humphrey ended his presidential campaign. West Virginia showed that Kennedy, a Catholic, could win in a heavily Protestant state. Although Kennedy had only competed in nine presidential primaries, Kennedy's rivals, Johnson and Symington, failed to campaign in any primaries.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 45], "content_span": [46, 655]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078027-0005-0002", "contents": "1960 Democratic National Convention, Prologue\nEven though Stevenson had twice been the Democratic Party's presidential candidate and retained a loyal following of liberals,  especially in California, his two landslide defeats to Republican Dwight Eisenhower led most party leaders and delegates to search for a \"fresh face\" who could win a national election. Following the primaries, Kennedy traveled around the nation speaking to state delegations and their leaders. As the Democratic Convention opened, Kennedy was far in the lead, but was still seen as being just short of the delegate total he needed to win.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 45], "content_span": [46, 612]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078027-0006-0000", "contents": "1960 Democratic National Convention, Prologue\nIn the week before the convention opened, Kennedy received two new challengers when Lyndon B. Johnson, the powerful Senate Majority Leader from Texas, and Adlai Stevenson II, the party's nominee in 1952 and 1956, announced their candidacies. Johnson challenged Kennedy to a televised debate before a joint meeting of the Texas and Massachusetts delegations; Kennedy accepted. Most observers felt that Kennedy won the debate, and Johnson was not able to expand his delegate support beyond the South.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 45], "content_span": [46, 544]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078027-0007-0000", "contents": "1960 Democratic National Convention, Prologue\nTwo Johnson supporters, including John B. Connally, brought up the question of Kennedy's health. Connally said that Kennedy had Addison's disease. JFK press secretary Pierre Salinger of California denied the story. A Kennedy physician, Janet Travell, released a statement that the senator's adrenal glands were functioning adequately and that he was no more susceptible to infection than anyone else. It was also denied that Kennedy was on cortisone.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 45], "content_span": [46, 496]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078027-0008-0000", "contents": "1960 Democratic National Convention, Platform\nThe Democratic platform in 1960 was the longest yet. They called for a loosening of tight economic policy: \"We Democrats believe that the economy can and must grow at an average rate of 5 percent annually, almost twice as fast as our annual rate since 1953... As the first step in speeding economic growth, a Democratic president will put an end to the present high-interest-rate, tight-money policy.\" Other planks included national defense, disarmament, civil rights, immigration, foreign aid, the economy, labor and tax reform. Senator Sam Ervin of North Carolina attempted to soften the party's plank on civil rights. A speech by Hawaii delegate Patsy Mink persuaded two-thirds of the party to keep their progressive stance on the issue.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 45], "content_span": [46, 786]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078027-0009-0000", "contents": "1960 Democratic National Convention, Presidential nomination\nOn July 13, 1960, the third day of the convention, Kennedy gained a narrow majority on the first ballot, with campaign manager Robert F. Kennedy securing critical delegates at the last minute. The final tally was:", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 60], "content_span": [61, 274]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078027-0010-0000", "contents": "1960 Democratic National Convention, Presidential nomination\nKennedy was the first senator since 1920 to be nominated for the presidency by either the Democrats or the Republicans. On the last day of the convention, Kennedy delivered his acceptance speech from the adjacent Los Angeles Memorial Coliseum. In the speech he spoke about how Americans may be hesitant about him because of his faith. In his speech he said, \"I am fully aware of the fact that the Democratic party, by nominating someone of my faith, has taken on what many regard as a new and hazardous risk.\"", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 60], "content_span": [61, 570]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078027-0010-0001", "contents": "1960 Democratic National Convention, Presidential nomination\nHe went on to break down the hesitance some may have about his Catholic faith, \"And you have, at the same time, placed your confidence in me, and my ability to render a free, fair, judgment...and to reject any kind of religious pressure or obligation that might directly or indirectly interfere with my conduct of the Presidency in the national interest.\"", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 60], "content_span": [61, 416]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078027-0011-0000", "contents": "1960 Democratic National Convention, Presidential nomination\nKennedy's acceptance speech also outlined his vision of  \"a New Frontier\" which he contrasted with Franklin D. Roosevelt's New Deal, being \"a set of challenges\" rather than \"a set of promises\". He stated the idea summed up \"not what I intend to offer the American people, but what I intend to ask of them.\"", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 60], "content_span": [61, 367]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078027-0012-0000", "contents": "1960 Democratic National Convention, Presidential nomination\nTheodore H. White wrote in The Making of the President 1960 that in Washington DC Richard Nixon decided to watch Kennedy making his speech with two members of his own campaign. Nixon concluded that Kennedy's performance was poor and that he could defeat him in proposed televised debates.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 60], "content_span": [61, 349]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078027-0013-0000", "contents": "1960 Democratic National Convention, Vice Presidential nomination\nAfter Kennedy secured the Democratic nomination, he asked Johnson to be his running mate, a move that surprised many, and for several decades, there was much debate about why it was offered to Johnson and why he had accepted. Some speculated that it was a courtesy move for Johnson, who was the Senate Majority Leader, and that Kennedy was surprised when Johnson accepted; Kennedy had preferred Stuart Symington of Missouri or Henry \"Scoop\" Jackson of Washington as his running mate.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 65], "content_span": [66, 549]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078027-0014-0000", "contents": "1960 Democratic National Convention, Vice Presidential nomination\nA related story is that after Johnson accepted the offer, Robert Kennedy went to Johnson's hotel suite to dissuade Johnson from becoming the vice-presidential nominee. Johnson was offended that \"JFK's kid brother\" would brashly urge him to stay off the ticket. In response to his blunt confrontation with Robert Kennedy, Johnson called JFK to confirm that the vice-presidential nomination was his, which JFK confirmed. Milton DeWitt Brinson, a North Carolina delegate, asked Senator Sam Ervin to get down on his knees and beg Johnson if need be to convince him to take the nomination. The record shows that the North Carolina delegation was instrumental in his decision to run. Johnson and Robert Kennedy became so embittered and the episode marked the beginning of the personal and political feud that would have grave implications for the Democratic Party in the 1960s.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 65], "content_span": [66, 937]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078027-0015-0000", "contents": "1960 Democratic National Convention, Vice Presidential nomination\nIn 1993, Evelyn Lincoln, JFK's personal secretary (both before and during his presidency), described how the decision was made in a videotaped interview. She said she was the only witness to a private meeting between John and Robert Kennedy in a suite at the Biltmore Hotel where they made the decision.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 65], "content_span": [66, 369]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078027-0015-0001", "contents": "1960 Democratic National Convention, Vice Presidential nomination\nShe said she went in and out of the room as they spoke and, when she was in the room, she heard them say that Johnson had tried to blackmail JFK into offering him the vice presidential nomination with evidence of his womanizing provided by FBI director J. Edgar Hoover, discuss possible ways to avoid making the offer, and conclude JFK had no choice. This portion of the videotape of Lincoln's interview was included in The History Channel's documentary series The Men Who Killed Kennedy, in concluding Episode 9, \"The Guilty Men\", produced and aired in 2003.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 65], "content_span": [66, 625]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078027-0016-0000", "contents": "1960 Democratic National Convention, Vice Presidential nomination\nKennedy announced Johnson as his choice of running-mate on the afternoon of July 14. Johnson was nominated by acclamation that evening. The Chicago Tribune reported that there were shouts of protest from the galleries against the motion to suspend the rules to nominate Johnson, and again when he was acclaimed. Johnson is recorded as receiving 100% of the vote.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 65], "content_span": [66, 428]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078027-0017-0000", "contents": "1960 Democratic National Convention, In culture\nThe convention was the setting for Norman Mailer's famous profile of Kennedy, \"Superman Comes to the Supermarket\", published in Esquire.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 47], "content_span": [48, 184]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078028-0000-0000", "contents": "1960 Democratic Party presidential primaries\nFrom March 8 to June 7, 1960, voters of the Democratic Party elected some of the delegates to the 1960 Democratic National Convention. The presidential primaries were inconclusive, as several of the leading contenders did not enter them, but U.S. Senator John F. Kennedy emerged as the strongest candidate and secured the nomination at the Convention, held from July 11 to 15 in Los Angeles.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [44, 44], "content_span": [45, 436]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078028-0001-0000", "contents": "1960 Democratic Party presidential primaries, Primary race\nRecalling the experience of 1928 Catholic Democratic presidential nominee Al Smith, many wondered if anti-Catholic prejudice would affect Kennedy's chances of winning the nomination and the election in November. To prove his vote-getting ability, Kennedy challenged Minnesota Senator Hubert Humphrey, a liberal, in the Wisconsin primary. Although Kennedy defeated Humphrey in Wisconsin, the fact that his margin of victory came mostly from heavily Catholic areas left many party bosses unconvinced of Kennedy's appeal to non-Catholic voters. Kennedy next faced Humphrey in the heavily Protestant state of West Virginia, where anti-Catholic bigotry was said to be widespread.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [46, 58], "content_span": [59, 733]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078028-0001-0001", "contents": "1960 Democratic Party presidential primaries, Primary race\nHumphrey's campaign was low on money and could not compete with the well-organized, well-financed Kennedy team. Kennedy's attractive sisters and brothers combed the state looking for votes, leading Humphrey to complain that he \"felt like an independent merchant running against a chain store.\" On primary day, Kennedy crushed Humphrey with over 60% of the vote. Humphrey withdrew from the race and Kennedy had gained the victory he needed to prove to the party's bosses that a Catholic could win in a non-Catholic state. In the months leading up to the Democratic Convention, Kennedy traveled around the nation persuading delegates from various states to support him. However, as the Convention opened, Kennedy was still a few dozen votes short of victory.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [46, 58], "content_span": [59, 815]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078028-0002-0000", "contents": "1960 Democratic Party presidential primaries, Primary race\nAlthough Kennedy won primaries by comfortable margin, his main opponent, Senate Majority Leader Lyndon B. Johnson, who did not participate in primaries, had a very strong base in party establishment and gained many delegates. Johnson did not join any primary, but was a write-in.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [46, 58], "content_span": [59, 338]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078028-0003-0000", "contents": "1960 Democratic Party presidential primaries, Candidates\nThe following political leaders were candidates for the 1960 Democratic presidential nomination:", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [46, 56], "content_span": [57, 153]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078028-0004-0000", "contents": "1960 Democratic Party presidential primaries, Candidates, Major candidates\nThese candidates participated in multiple state primaries or were included in multiple major national polls.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [46, 74], "content_span": [75, 183]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078028-0005-0000", "contents": "1960 Democratic Party presidential primaries, Candidates, Major candidates, Bypassing primaries\nThe following candidates did not place their name directly on the ballot for any state's presidential primary, but may have sought to influence to selection of un-elected delegates or sought the support of uncommitted delegates.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [46, 95], "content_span": [96, 324]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078028-0006-0000", "contents": "1960 Democratic Party presidential primaries, Candidates, Favorite sons\nThe following candidates ran only in their home state's primary or caucus for the purpose of controlling its delegate slate at the convention and did not appear to be considered national candidates by the media.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [46, 71], "content_span": [72, 283]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078028-0007-0000", "contents": "1960 Democratic Party presidential primaries, Candidates, Declined to run\nThe following persons were listed in two or more major national polls or were the subject of media speculation surrounding their potential candidacy, but declined to actively seek the nomination.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [46, 73], "content_span": [74, 269]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078028-0008-0000", "contents": "1960 Democratic Party presidential primaries, Debates, Humphrey-Kennedy debate\nOn May 4, 1960, Humphrey and Kennedy took part in a televised one-on-one debate at WCHS-TV in Charleston, West Virginia, ahead of the state's primary.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [46, 78], "content_span": [79, 229]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078028-0009-0000", "contents": "1960 Democratic Party presidential primaries, Convention, Vice-presidential nomination\nKennedy announced Lyndon B. Johnson as his choice of running-mate on the afternoon following his nomination. Johnson was nominated by acclamation that evening.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [46, 86], "content_span": [87, 246]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078029-0000-0000", "contents": "1960 Democratic Party vice presidential candidate selection\nThe selection of the Democratic Party's vice presidential candidate for the 1960 United States presidential election occurred at the party's national convention on August 13, 1960. After winning the presidential nomination on the first ballot of the 1960 Democratic National Convention, Massachusetts Senator John F. Kennedy turned his attention to picking a running mate. Kennedy chose Senate Majority Leader Lyndon B. Johnson, who had finished second on the presidential ballot, as his running mate. Johnson, a Protestant Texan, provided geographical and religious balance to a ticket led by a Catholic Northeasterner, but many liberals did not like the pick.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 59], "section_span": [59, 59], "content_span": [60, 721]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078029-0000-0001", "contents": "1960 Democratic Party vice presidential candidate selection\nMany were surprised both that Kennedy made the offer and that Johnson accepted the offer, as the two had been rivals for the 1960 presidential nomination. According to some accounts, Kennedy had offered the position to Johnson as a courtesy and expected Johnson to decline the offer; when Johnson accepted, Kennedy sent his brother, Robert F. Kennedy, to talk Johnson out of accepting the offer.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 59], "section_span": [59, 59], "content_span": [60, 455]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078029-0000-0002", "contents": "1960 Democratic Party vice presidential candidate selection\nHowever, Kennedy may have made the offer in earnest due to Johnson's appeal in the south, Johnson's friendly relationship with Speaker of the House Sam Rayburn, and Kennedy's desire to remove Johnson as Senate Majority Leader in favor of the more liberal Mike Mansfield. Regardless, Johnson decided that accepting the offer would be better for his political career and better position himself to become president, and so he chose to become Kennedy's running mate. The Democratic convention confirmed Johnson as the vice presidential nominee, although the delegation from Washington, D.C. attempted to select Minnesota Governor Orville Freeman instead.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 59], "section_span": [59, 59], "content_span": [60, 711]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078029-0001-0000", "contents": "1960 Democratic Party vice presidential candidate selection\nThe Kennedy-Johnson ticket narrowly defeated incumbent Vice President Richard Nixon and his running mate, former Massachusetts Senator Henry Cabot Lodge, in the 1960 election. Johnson ascended to the presidency in 1963 upon the assassination of Kennedy.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 59], "section_span": [59, 59], "content_span": [60, 313]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078030-0000-0000", "contents": "1960 Denver Broncos season\nThe 1960 Denver Broncos season was the team's inaugural year in the American Football League. Led by head coach Frank Filchock, the Broncos recorded four wins, nine losses, and one tie, finishing last in the AFL's Western Division.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [26, 26], "content_span": [27, 258]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078030-0001-0000", "contents": "1960 Denver Broncos season, Standings\nNote: Tie games were not officially counted in the standings until 1972.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [28, 37], "content_span": [38, 110]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078031-0000-0000", "contents": "1960 Denver Pioneers football team\nThe 1960 Denver Pioneers football team represented the University of Denver in the Skyline Conference during the 1960 NCAA University Division football season. In its sixth season under head coach John Roning, the team compiled a 3\u20137 record (1\u20136 against Skyline opponents), tied for last place in the conference, and was outscored by a total of 300 to 133.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [34, 34], "content_span": [35, 391]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078031-0001-0000", "contents": "1960 Denver Pioneers football team\nIn January 1961, the University of Denver announced the cancellation of its football program. The program was operating at a net loss of $100,000 per year, and home attendance had dropped significantly.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [34, 34], "content_span": [35, 237]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078032-0000-0000", "contents": "1960 Detroit Lions season\nThe 1960 Detroit Lions season was the 27th in the Motor City, and 31st season overall in franchise history. The Lions had only one win entering November, but had only one loss in their final seven games and finished at 7\u20135, one game short of the Western Conference championship (won by Green Bay). However, the Lions won the inaugural third place Playoff Bowl over the Cleveland Browns at the Orange Bowl in Miami.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [25, 25], "content_span": [26, 440]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078032-0001-0000", "contents": "1960 Detroit Lions season, Standings\nNote: Tie games were not officially counted in the standings until 1972.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [27, 36], "content_span": [37, 109]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078032-0002-0000", "contents": "1960 Detroit Lions season, Playoff Bowl\nThe first Playoff Bowl game for third place was played at the Orange Bowl in Miami, the week following the NFL Championship game.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [27, 39], "content_span": [40, 169]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078033-0000-0000", "contents": "1960 Detroit Tigers season\nThe 1960 Detroit Tigers season was a season in American baseball. It involved the Tigers' sixth-place finish in the American League with a 71\u201383 record, 26 games behind the AL Champion New York Yankees.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [26, 26], "content_span": [27, 229]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078033-0001-0000", "contents": "1960 Detroit Tigers season, Player stats, Batting, Starters by position\nNote: Pos = Position; G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [28, 71], "content_span": [72, 196]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078033-0002-0000", "contents": "1960 Detroit Tigers season, Player stats, Batting, Other batters\nNote: G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [28, 64], "content_span": [65, 173]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078033-0003-0000", "contents": "1960 Detroit Tigers season, Player stats, Pitching, Starting pitchers\nNote: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [28, 69], "content_span": [70, 180]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078033-0004-0000", "contents": "1960 Detroit Tigers season, Player stats, Pitching, Other pitchers\nNote: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [28, 66], "content_span": [67, 177]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078033-0005-0000", "contents": "1960 Detroit Tigers season, Player stats, Pitching, Relief pitchers\nNote: G = Games pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; SV = Saves; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [28, 67], "content_span": [68, 168]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078034-0000-0000", "contents": "1960 Detroit Titans football team\nThe 1960 Detroit Titans football team represented the University of Detroit as an independent during the 1960 NCAA University Division football season. Detroit outscored its opponents by a combined total of 181 to 136 and finished with a 7\u20132 record in its second year under head coach Jim Miller.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [33, 33], "content_span": [34, 330]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078034-0001-0000", "contents": "1960 Detroit Titans football team\nAfter losing the season opener to Iowa State, the Titans won seven games in a row, including victories over Cincinnati (14-0), Boston College (19-17), Marquette (32-12), and Villanova (13-7). The season ended with a 43-15 loss to Michigan State in East Lansing.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [33, 33], "content_span": [34, 295]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078034-0002-0000", "contents": "1960 Detroit Titans football team\nThe team's statistical leaders included Jerry Gross with 886 passing yards and 343 rushing yards, Steve Stonebreaker with 416 receiving yards, and Ted Karpowicz with 30 points scored.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [33, 33], "content_span": [34, 217]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078034-0003-0000", "contents": "1960 Detroit Titans football team\nFour players from the 1960 team, Steve Stonebreaker, Larry Vargo, Jim Shorter, and Frank Jackunas went on to play in the National Football League (NFL). In 2001, the 1960 Titans football team was inducted as a group into the Detroit Titans Hall of Fame.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [33, 33], "content_span": [34, 287]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078035-0000-0000", "contents": "1960 Dominican Republic Census\nThe Fourth National Census of Population of the Dominican Republic was raised on 7 August 1960, during the presidency of Joaqu\u00edn Balaguer, after a decree issued by his predecessor H\u00e9ctor Trujillo.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [30, 30], "content_span": [31, 227]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078035-0001-0000", "contents": "1960 Dominican Republic Census\nThis census collected information respect on sex, occupation, age, fertility, race, religion, marital status, nationality, literacy, ability to vote, and housing.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [30, 30], "content_span": [31, 193]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078036-0000-0000", "contents": "1960 Drexel Dragons football team\nThe 1960 Drexel Dragons football team represented the Drexel Institute of Technology (renamed Drexel University in 1970) as a member of the Middle Atlantic Conference during the 1960 NCAA College Division football season. Jack Hinkle was the team's head coach.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [33, 33], "content_span": [34, 294]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078037-0000-0000", "contents": "1960 Duke Blue Devils football team\nThe 1960 Duke Blue Devils football team represented Duke University during the 1960 NCAA University Division football season. Led by eighth-year head coach William D. Murray, the  Blue Devils were Atlantic Coast Conference champions, and won the Cotton Bowl by a point over favored Arkansas.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [35, 35], "content_span": [36, 327]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078037-0001-0000", "contents": "1960 Duke Blue Devils football team\nIt was Duke's sixth and most recent major bowl appearance, and its only trip to the Cotton Bowl. The program's next bowl was nearly three decades away, in 1989, and the next bowl win came in 2015.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [35, 35], "content_span": [36, 232]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078038-0000-0000", "contents": "1960 Dutch Grand Prix\nThe 1960 Dutch Grand Prix was a Formula One motor race held at Zandvoort on 6 June 1960. It was race 4 of 10 in the 1960 World Championship of Drivers and race 3 of 9 in the 1960 International Cup for Formula One Manufacturers.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [21, 21], "content_span": [22, 249]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078038-0001-0000", "contents": "1960 Dutch Grand Prix\nDue to a crash by Dan Gurney, a spectator, who was in a prohibited area, was killed during this event.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [21, 21], "content_span": [22, 124]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078038-0002-0000", "contents": "1960 Dutch Grand Prix\nThis race marked the Formula One debut of future World Champion Jim Clark.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [21, 21], "content_span": [22, 96]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078039-0000-0000", "contents": "1960 Dutch TT\nThe 1960 Dutch TT was the third round of the 1960 Grand Prix motorcycle racing season. It took place on 25 June 1960 at the Circuit van Drenthe, Assen.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 13], "section_span": [13, 13], "content_span": [14, 165]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078040-0000-0000", "contents": "1960 Dwars door Belgi\u00eb\nThe 1960 Dwars door Belgi\u00eb was the 16th edition of the Dwars door Vlaanderen cycle race and was held on 26\u201327 March 1960. The race started and finished in Waregem. The race was won by Arthur Decabooter.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [22, 22], "content_span": [23, 225]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078041-0000-0000", "contents": "1960 East Carolina Pirates football team\nThe 1960 East Carolina Pirates football team was an American football team that represented represented East Carolina College (now known as East Carolina University) as a member of the North State Conference during the 1960 NAIA football season. In their ninth season under head coach Jack Boone, the team compiled a 7\u20133 record.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [40, 40], "content_span": [41, 369]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078042-0000-0000", "contents": "1960 Eastern Michigan Hurons football team\nThe 1960 Eastern Michigan Hurons football team represented Eastern Michigan University in the Interstate Intercollegiate Athletic Conference (IIAC) during the 1960 NCAA College Division football season. In their ninth season under head coach Fred Trosko, the Hurons compiled a 0\u20138\u20131 record (0\u20135\u20131 against IIAC opponents) and were outscored by their opponents, 230 to 38. The team played Illinois State to a 14\u201314 tie. Alfred E. Iverson was the team captain. The team's statistical leaders included Bill Yanis with 388 yards of total offense and the same measure in receiving yards, George Beaudette with 339 passing yards, and Jim Dills with 231 rushing yards. Leonard Natkowski received the team's most valuable player award.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 42], "section_span": [42, 42], "content_span": [43, 769]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078042-0001-0000", "contents": "1960 Eastern Michigan Hurons football team\nThe 1960 season was part of a 29-game winless streak that spanned from 1959 to 1962. The 1960 Eastern Michigan team had 35 fumbles. It also set an Eastern Michigan record (which still stands) for the fewest net yards of total offense \u2013 554 (an average of 61.5 yards per game). The season reached a low point on October 29, 1960, with a 66-8 loss against the Southern Illinois Salukis, a game in which the Salukis scored two touchdowns in the first 23 seconds of the game.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 42], "section_span": [42, 42], "content_span": [43, 514]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078043-0000-0000", "contents": "1960 Ebbw Vale by-election\nThe Ebbw Vale by-election on 17 November 1960 was a by-election for a single seat in the House of Commons of the United Kingdom. Caused by the death of Labour Party Deputy Leader Aneurin Bevan, the constituency was very safely held by Labour and never in significant danger of changing hands. The selection of Michael Foot, a prominent left-winger out of sympathy with the party leadership on nuclear disarmament and other issues, led to a lively campaign. Foot's handy win was seen as causing problems for party leader Hugh Gaitskell.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [26, 26], "content_span": [27, 562]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078043-0001-0000", "contents": "1960 Ebbw Vale by-election, Bevan's illness and death\nAneurin Bevan had represented Ebbw Vale since the 1929 general election, and had been a very high-profile politician almost throughout. His health was poor in the late 1950s; Bevan had a major abdominal operation in December 1959. Unknown to the general public was that the reason for his operation was that Bevan had been diagnosed with cancer. It was hoped that Bevan would be able to recover, and at the end of March 1960 Bevan told the press he intended to have a prolonged holiday but then resume active politics. Bevan's cancer proved terminal; on 2 July he was reported as critically ill, and he died \"peacefully in his sleep\" on 6 July.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [28, 53], "content_span": [54, 698]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078043-0002-0000", "contents": "1960 Ebbw Vale by-election, Bevan's illness and death\nAt the 1959 general election, the result in Ebbw Vale had been:", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [28, 53], "content_span": [54, 117]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078043-0003-0000", "contents": "1960 Ebbw Vale by-election, Candidate selection, Labour\nWith such a large Labour majority, there was a great deal of attention on the selection of a Labour candidate for the by-election. The procedure did not begin until the end of the summer but on 24 August it was reported that two nominations had been received by the Constituency Labour Party. They were from Ron Evans (a steelworker, Bevan's former agent and a Monmouthshire County Councillor), and from Gordon Parry, a schoolteacher and Pembrokeshire County Councillor.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [28, 55], "content_span": [56, 526]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078043-0003-0001", "contents": "1960 Ebbw Vale by-election, Candidate selection, Labour\nOn 29 August the branch of the Iron and Steel Trades Confederation at Richard Thomas and Baldwins steelworks nominated Michael Foot, who had been a prominent left-wing Labour MP for Plymouth Devonport from 1945 to 1955 and the influential editor of unofficial Labour journal Tribune since losing his seat. Foot had been one of Bevan's close friends and strongest supporters; for Foot, it was a cause of pride that he could follow Bevan. Foot also had a following among the local party members.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [28, 55], "content_span": [56, 549]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078043-0004-0000", "contents": "1960 Ebbw Vale by-election, Candidate selection, Labour\nFoot's main rival for the nomination was Alderman Frank Whatley, who was nominated by the local branch of the National Union of Mineworkers on 29 August. Three further nominees were identified the following day: Dengar Evans (a 49-year-old chemist from Trethomas), Thomas Williams (barrister and former Member of Parliament for Hammersmith South and Barons Court) and George Viner (a journalist from Cardiff). Dr Kamalakant G. Pendse, president of the Socialist Medical Association for South Wales, was the ninth candidate to be nominated, and two more had appeared by the time nominations closed on 5 September: Glyn Lewis, a steelworkers' union official, and Denis Howell, former MP for Birmingham All Saints.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [28, 55], "content_span": [56, 767]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078043-0005-0000", "contents": "1960 Ebbw Vale by-election, Candidate selection, Labour\nA shortlist of five was agreed by the Executive Committee of Ebbw Vale Divisional Labour Party on 8 September: Fred Evans (a headmaster and President of Caerphilly Labour Party), Ron Evans, Gordon Parry, Dr K. G. Pendse, and Thomas Williams. The absence of both Michael Foot and Frank Whatley caused an uproar both among Foot's supporters and the miners who were supporting Whatley, and their supporters checked the rule books to see how the shortlist could be changed.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [28, 55], "content_span": [56, 525]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078043-0005-0001", "contents": "1960 Ebbw Vale by-election, Candidate selection, Labour\nAt a meeting of the General Management Committee of the local party on 17 September, there was a motion of no confidence in the Executive; the party chairman Ivor Parton suggested a simpler way out which was to add both Foot and Whatley to the shortlist as proposed. His suggestion was accepted unanimously. The selection contest followed on 25 September; Foot lead clearly from the first ballot:", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [28, 55], "content_span": [56, 452]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078043-0006-0000", "contents": "1960 Ebbw Vale by-election, Candidate selection, Labour\nThomas Williams, Fred Evans and Dr Pendse were eliminated. On the second ballot Whatley was bottom and was eliminated; the miners, without their own candidate, did not unite around any single one of the remaining candidates. On the third ballot the result was:", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [28, 55], "content_span": [56, 316]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078043-0007-0000", "contents": "1960 Ebbw Vale by-election, Candidate selection, Labour\nThe announcement of Foot's selection victory was greeted by the singing of \"The Red Flag\". Immediately after the result, Ron Evans congratulated Foot on his victory and offered to act as Foot's agent just as he had for Bevan; the offer was accepted. Foot's biographer notes that Evans remained Foot's strongest supporter in the constituency until his death.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [28, 55], "content_span": [56, 413]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078043-0008-0000", "contents": "1960 Ebbw Vale by-election, Candidate selection, Conservatives\nThe Conservative Party confirmed very early on that it would definitely field a candidate.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [28, 62], "content_span": [63, 153]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078043-0008-0001", "contents": "1960 Ebbw Vale by-election, Candidate selection, Conservatives\nFive names were submitted to the Ebbw Vale Conservative Association for interview in the first week of September: Anthony Arnold (aged 31) had fought two previous Parliamentary elections and worked in the insurance industry; Humphrey Crum Ewing (aged 36) was a company secretary who had fought Swansea East in 1959; Paul Dean (aged 36) was head of the home affairs section of the Conservative Research Department; Ronald Maddocks (aged 50) was a barrister based in Swansea; and Sir Brandon Rhys-Williams (aged 33) worked for I.C.I. as a commercial assistant. On 12 September, the executive committee of Ebbw Vale Conservative Association decided to submit Rhys-Williams to the membership for adoption as their candidate.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [28, 62], "content_span": [63, 783]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078043-0009-0000", "contents": "1960 Ebbw Vale by-election, Candidate selection, Liberals\nIt was initially thought unlikely that a Liberal candidate would stand in the byelection; the last time the Liberals had fought the seat was in 1929. At the end of August the Welsh Liberal Party decided to send an organiser to the constituency for a month to see if the party could win support. At the same time a willing potential candidate appeared: Lieutenant-Colonel Patrick Lort-Phillips, (aged 49) who was a farmer, author and journalist and had twice previously campaigned in Gloucester. Although the national headquarters of the Liberal Party was still unsure, Lort-Phillips was eventually adopted on 10 October. At the 1960 Liberal Assembly held at the end of September, he caused a stir by moving an amendment calling for unilateral nuclear disarmament which was defeated by 607 votes to 78.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [28, 57], "content_span": [58, 859]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078043-0010-0000", "contents": "1960 Ebbw Vale by-election, Candidate selection, Plaid Cymru and others\nThe Welsh nationalist party Plaid Cymru made it clear that it would stand in the byelection, and on 7 September the Ebbw Vale area committee of the party chose Emrys Roberts (aged 28) as their candidate. Roberts had fought two previous elections in Newport and Cardiff North, and was organising secretary of the party. No other candidate appeared by the time nominations closed on 7 November.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [28, 71], "content_span": [72, 464]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078043-0011-0000", "contents": "1960 Ebbw Vale by-election, Campaign\nThe party conference season intervened between candidate selection and the opening of the campaign; Michael Foot made a strong speech at the 1960 Labour Party conference supporting unilateral nuclear disarmament. Conference passed a unilateralist motion against the strong views of party leader Hugh Gaitskell. Foot was anxious to stress that he would not raise Gaitskell's leadership during the byelection campaign, pledging not to answer questions about it if he was asked, but he would campaign on the issue of nuclear arms. On 26 October, the Labour chief whip Herbert Bowden formally started the byelection by moving that a writ for electing a new member be issued. Nominations were to close on 7 November and polling day would be 17 November.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [28, 36], "content_span": [37, 785]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078043-0012-0000", "contents": "1960 Ebbw Vale by-election, Campaign, Unilateralism intrudes\nFoot opened his campaign on 30 October with an attack on \"the complacency, the corruption and the poltroonery of the Tory Government\". He pointed to the two largest employers of the constituency, coal-mining and steel production, and asserted that the Conservatives were hacking away at both. The other parties attempted to make political capital out of the differences between Foot and the Labour leadership. Lort-Phillips claimed Gaitskell had \"signed his political death warrant\" by opting to fight against the conference decision to support unilateralism, and that an effective opposition was needed.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [28, 60], "content_span": [61, 665]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078043-0012-0001", "contents": "1960 Ebbw Vale by-election, Campaign, Unilateralism intrudes\nThere was speculation that Foot might lose 10,000 votes because of his stance on unilateralism, although The Times correspondent could not detect any sign of crisis among the electorate. Foot and his wife were also concerned that anger over the incompetence of Ebbw Vale council, run by Labour, would lead to abstentions.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [28, 60], "content_span": [61, 382]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078043-0013-0000", "contents": "1960 Ebbw Vale by-election, Campaign, Unilateralism intrudes\nAt a public meeting, one of the Labour canvassers asked Foot how to deal with those who disagreed with his stance on nuclear weapons, given Bevan's opposition to a unilateralist motion in 1957. Foot invited constituents to discuss the matter with him personally, and pointed out that the British government had abandoned attempts to produce its own delivery system for nuclear warheads. Rhys Williams concentrated his campaign on talking to voters individually in pubs and clubs, where he claimed to receive a friendly welcome. He invited Joan Vickers, who had defeated Foot in Plymouth in 1955, to speak for him.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [28, 60], "content_span": [61, 674]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078043-0013-0001", "contents": "1960 Ebbw Vale by-election, Campaign, Unilateralism intrudes\nLort-Phillips, who claimed to have \"a secret league of potential Liberals\" at Richard Thomas & Baldwins, invited his party leader Jo Grimond to speak for him; Grimond did not accept. His attitude was thought to be influenced by Lort-Phillips' stance on nuclear arms although late in the campaign he sent a very general letter of support.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [28, 60], "content_span": [61, 398]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078043-0014-0000", "contents": "1960 Ebbw Vale by-election, Campaign, Personal attacks\nAfter some speculation over what the contents of such a message would be, Hugh Gaitskell sent his letter of support to Foot on 11 November. It wished Foot \"all good luck\", frankly accepting that they were not in agreement on defence and foreign policy, but asserting that any differences were \"confined to a narrow field\". Gaitskell highlighted the Government proposals to sell its shared in Richard Thomas & Baldwins, and the Rent Act 1957 as policies which the Labour Party would oppose. Foot's camp believed that, nevertheless, Gaitskell would have been pleased to see Foot obtain a poor result at the polls. During the last week, Foot attacked Rhys Williams for \"imbecility\" in suggesting that the west had been 'at war' with Russia since 1945.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [28, 54], "content_span": [55, 803]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078043-0015-0000", "contents": "1960 Ebbw Vale by-election, Campaign, Personal attacks\nThe tone degenerated further when Rhys Williams contrasted Bevan and Foot to Foot's disfavour as he \"comes before the Welsh public with an uncongenial armoury of hatred and malicious propaganda\". Foot replied denouncing Rhys Williams' \"patronising snobbery and pin-headed intellectual capacity\". In the late campaign, Rhys Williams frequently reminded voters that the electoral system was absolutely secret. Labour reported that its canvass returns indicated that Foot would get 75% of the vote and a 15,000 majority.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [28, 54], "content_span": [55, 572]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078043-0016-0000", "contents": "1960 Ebbw Vale by-election, Campaign, Plaid campaign\nPlaid Cymru entered the campaign with optimism, with Roberts declaring that it was \"our great opportunity\". He brought across an Irish economist, Tom\u00e1s MacGabhann, who explained how small independent countries could be prosperous. His campaign was said to be the only one suffused with humour, as when he declared \"If you think Wales is not a nation you must be Hitler's uncle\"; he was reliably predicted to be bottom of the poll.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [28, 52], "content_span": [53, 483]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078043-0017-0000", "contents": "1960 Ebbw Vale by-election, Result\nA heavy downpour of rain on the days before the poll gave bad omens to Foot's wife Jill Craigie who blamed the rain for her husband's loss of Devonport in 1955. The votes were counted and the result declared on the day after the poll.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [28, 34], "content_span": [35, 269]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078043-0018-0000", "contents": "1960 Ebbw Vale by-election, Result\nFoot hailed his win as being the product of a campaign \"fought... on a clear policy of socialism and a demand for a new foreign policy which repudiates nuclear strategy altogether\". That the result was seen as a good one for Foot and a problem for Gaitskell was shown by a cartoon by 'Vicky' which depicted Gaitskell reading the result and saying \"Oh dear, we've won\". Foot retained the seat, which was renamed Blaenau Gwent in 1983, until he retired from Parliament in 1992.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [28, 34], "content_span": [35, 510]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078044-0000-0000", "contents": "1960 Ecuadorian general election\nGeneral elections were held in Ecuador on 5 June 1960. The presidential election was won by Jos\u00e9 Mar\u00eda Velasco Ibarra of the National Velasquista Federation, who received 48.2% of the vote. His fourth term of office began on 1 September.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [32, 32], "content_span": [33, 270]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078045-0000-0000", "contents": "1960 Edinburgh Corporation election\nElections to Edinburgh Corporation were held on 3 May 1960, alongside municipal elections across Scotland. Of the councils 69 seats, 24 were up for election, including two seats in Murrayfield-Cramond ward. However only 15 wards in 14 seats were contested, as councillors were returned unopposed in nine wards.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [35, 35], "content_span": [36, 346]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078045-0001-0000", "contents": "1960 Edinburgh Corporation election\nNo seats changed hands, and  Edinburgh Corporation remained composed of 39 Progressives, 28 Labour councillors, 1 Liberal, and 1 Protestant Action. The Progressives retained overall control of the council.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [35, 35], "content_span": [36, 241]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078045-0002-0000", "contents": "1960 Edinburgh Corporation election\nTurnout in the 14 contested wards was 67,270 or 32.1%.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [35, 35], "content_span": [36, 90]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078046-0000-0000", "contents": "1960 Edinburgh North by-election\nThe Edinburgh North by-election was held on 19 May 1960. It was held due to the appointment of the incumbent Conservative MP, William Rankine Milligan to the Court of Session. The by-election was won by the Conservative candidate, John Douglas-Scott who would later become Duke of Buccleuch.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [32, 32], "content_span": [33, 324]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078047-0000-0000", "contents": "1960 Edmonton Eskimos season\nThe 1960 Edmonton Eskimos finished in 2nd place in the WIFU with a 10\u20136 record. They defeated the Calgary Stampeders in the Western Semi-Finals and the Winnipeg Blue Bombers in the Western Finals, and were defeated in the Grey Cup by the Ottawa Rough Riders.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [28, 28], "content_span": [29, 287]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078048-0000-0000", "contents": "1960 Edmonton municipal election\nThe 1960 Edmonton, Alberta municipal election was held October 19, 1960, to elect five aldermen to sit on Edmonton City Council and three trustees to sit on each of the public and separate school boards. The electorate also decided eight plebiscite questions.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [32, 32], "content_span": [33, 292]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078048-0001-0000", "contents": "1960 Edmonton municipal election\nThere were ten aldermen on city council, but five of the positions were already filled: William Henning, Angus McGugan, Ed Leger, Gordon McClary, and McKim Ross were all elected to two-year terms in 1959 and were still in office.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [32, 32], "content_span": [33, 262]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078048-0002-0000", "contents": "1960 Edmonton municipal election\nThere were seven trustees on the public school board, but four of the positions were already filled: Angus MacDonald, Edith Rogers, Vernon Johnson, and Douglas Thomson were elected to two-year terms in 1959 and were still in office. The same was true on the separate board, where Joseph Moreau, Orest Demco, Catherine McGrath, and Henry Carrigan were continuing.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [32, 32], "content_span": [33, 395]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078048-0003-0000", "contents": "1960 Edmonton municipal election, Voter turnout\nThere were 26009 ballots cast out of 158771 eligible voters, for a voter turnout of 16.4%.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 47], "content_span": [48, 138]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078048-0004-0000", "contents": "1960 Edmonton municipal election, Results, Plebiscites, At-Large Elections\nAre you in favour of changing the Election System for Alderman and Public School Board Members so that all such elected representatives are elected from the City at large without regard to whether they live North or South of the North Saskatchewan River or own fifty percent of their property North or South of this river?", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 74], "content_span": [75, 397]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078048-0005-0000", "contents": "1960 Edmonton municipal election, Results, Plebiscites, Paving\nShall Council pass a bylaw creating a debenture debt in the sum of $450,000.00 for the City share of standard paving of arterial and residential streets?", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 62], "content_span": [63, 216]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078048-0006-0000", "contents": "1960 Edmonton municipal election, Results, Plebiscites, Asphalt on Existing Gravel Streets\nShall Council pass a bylaw creating a debenture debt in the sum of $250,000.00 for the City share of asphalt paving on existing gravel arterial and residential streets?", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 90], "content_span": [91, 259]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078048-0007-0000", "contents": "1960 Edmonton municipal election, Results, Plebiscites, Asphalt on New Gravel Streets\nShall Council pass a bylaw creating a debenture debt in the sum of $500,000.00 for the City share of asphalt paving on new gravel arterial and residential streets?", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 85], "content_span": [86, 249]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078048-0008-0000", "contents": "1960 Edmonton municipal election, Results, Plebiscites, Traffic Lights\nShall Council pass a bylaw creating a debenture debt in the sum of $180,000.00 in order to purchase and locate traffic lights on certain highway intersections within the City?", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 70], "content_span": [71, 246]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078048-0009-0000", "contents": "1960 Edmonton municipal election, Results, Plebiscites, Parks\nShall Council pass a bylaw creating a debenture debt in the sum of $600,000.00 for the purpose of constructing and improving parks and playgrounds?", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 61], "content_span": [62, 209]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078048-0010-0000", "contents": "1960 Edmonton municipal election, Results, Plebiscites, Bridge\nShall Council pass a bylaw creating a debenture debt in the sum of $500,000.00 for the purpose of constructing a district bridge as part of the City's overall arterial road system?", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 62], "content_span": [63, 243]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078048-0011-0000", "contents": "1960 Edmonton municipal election, Results, Plebiscites, Library\nShall Council pass a bylaw creating a debenture debt in the sum of $165,000.00 for the purpose of constructing a district library?", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 63], "content_span": [64, 194]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078049-0000-0000", "contents": "1960 Egypt Cup Final\n1960 Egypt Cup Final, was the final match of 1959\u201360 Egypt Cup, between Zamalek & El-Olympi, Zamalek won the match by 3\u20132.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [20, 20], "content_span": [21, 143]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078050-0000-0000", "contents": "1960 Eisenhower Trophy\nThe 1960 Eisenhower Trophy took place September 28 to October 1 at the Merion Golf Club in Ardmore, Pennsylvania. It was the second World Amateur Team Championship for the Eisenhower Trophy. The tournament was a 72-hole stroke play team event with 32 four-man teams. The best three scores for each round counted towards the team total.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [22, 22], "content_span": [23, 358]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078050-0001-0000", "contents": "1960 Eisenhower Trophy\nUnited States won the Eisenhower Trophy, finishing 42 strokes ahead of the silver medalists, Australia. Great Britain and Ireland finished five strokes behind Australia and took the bronze medal while South Africa finished fourth. Jack Nicklaus completed the four rounds in 269, 13 strokes better than anyone else and 19 strokes better than the best non-American, Bruce Devlin.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [22, 22], "content_span": [23, 400]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078050-0002-0000", "contents": "1960 Eisenhower Trophy, Teams\n32 teams contested the event. Each team had four players with the exception of Ceylon and the United Arab Republic who were represented by only three players. Of the teams that competed in 1958, Iceland, Kenya and Spain were not represented. Ceylon, Denmark, Mexico, Peru, Rhodesia & Nyasaland and the United Arab Republic were represented for the first time.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [24, 29], "content_span": [30, 389]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078050-0003-0000", "contents": "1960 Eisenhower Trophy, Individual leaders\nThere was no official recognition for the lowest individual scores.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [24, 42], "content_span": [43, 110]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078051-0000-0000", "contents": "1960 Ekstraklasa, Overview\nIt was contested by 12 teams, and Ruch Chorz\u00f3w won the championship.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 16], "section_span": [18, 26], "content_span": [27, 95]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078052-0000-0000", "contents": "1960 Emperor's Cup, Overview\nIt was contested by 16 teams, and Furukawa Electric won the championship.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 18], "section_span": [20, 28], "content_span": [29, 102]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078053-0000-0000", "contents": "1960 Emperor's Cup Final\n1960 Emperor's Cup Final was the 40th final of the Emperor's Cup competition. The final was played at Utsubo Football Stadium in Osaka on May 6, 1960. Furukawa Electric won the championship.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [24, 24], "content_span": [25, 215]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078053-0001-0000", "contents": "1960 Emperor's Cup Final, Overview\nFurukawa Electric won their 1st title, by defeating Keio BRB 4\u20130.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 34], "content_span": [35, 100]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078054-0000-0000", "contents": "1960 English Greyhound Derby\nThe 1960 Greyhound Derby took place during June with the final being held on 25 June 1960 at White City Stadium. The winner Duleek Dandy received \u00a32,000 for the husband and wife team of Bill Dash (trainer) and Vicki Dash (owner).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [28, 28], "content_span": [29, 258]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078054-0001-0000", "contents": "1960 English Greyhound Derby, Final result, Distances\n2\u00bc, 1, 1\u00bc, 5\u00bc, \u00be (lengths)The distances between the greyhounds are in finishing order and shown in lengths. From 1950 one length was equal to 0.08 of one second.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 53], "content_span": [54, 215]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078054-0002-0000", "contents": "1960 English Greyhound Derby, Competition Report\nThe defending champion Mile Bush Pride topped the ante-post betting and started as the most likely greyhound to emulate Mick the Miller's achievement of two Derby wins.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 48], "content_span": [49, 217]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078054-0003-0000", "contents": "1960 English Greyhound Derby, Competition Report\nThe first round saw many favourites eliminated; 1958 champion Pigalle Wonder was the first to go out followed by Armed Escort, Wood Lane Stakes winner Long Story, Kilmoney Daffodil, Welcome Home and Varra Black Nose. Clonalvy Pride came to prominence by leading all the way from Dunstown Paddy with Mile Bush Pride qualifying in a lowly third place.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 48], "content_span": [49, 398]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078054-0004-0000", "contents": "1960 English Greyhound Derby, Competition Report\nThe second round restored normality as Mile Bush Pride recorded 28.63, the fastest time of the year at White City. Clonalvy Pride also progressed after overcoming serious trouble.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 48], "content_span": [49, 228]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078054-0005-0000", "contents": "1960 English Greyhound Derby, Competition Report\nThe semi-finals provided a piece of history because they were both won by litter brothers. The first was won by Clonalvy Pride taking advantage of a terrible draw and start for Mile Bush Pride who in turn overtook sprinter Gorey Airways to claim second place, Wheatfield Swan ran on for the remaining qualifying place. The second semi-final went to 8-1 shot Clonalvy Romance owned by Olympic athlete Brian Hewson.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 48], "content_span": [49, 462]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078054-0006-0000", "contents": "1960 English Greyhound Derby, Competition Report\nThe draw for the final led to Mile Bush Pride gaining his favourite trap one draw but as the traps rose Clonalvy Romance broke well pursued by outsider Duleek Dandy. Mile Bush Pride remained in contention until the third bend when Duleek Dandy headed Clonalvy Romance for the first time. Mile Bush Pride tight on the rails was making a move but was forced to check behind Clonalvy Romance effectively ending the dream of a second Derby win. Duleek Dandy deservedly went on to win by two and a quarter lengths and become the biggest price winner of the Derby at odds of 25-1.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 48], "content_span": [49, 623]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078054-0007-0000", "contents": "1960 English Greyhound Derby, Competition Report\nDuleek Dandy owned by Vicki Dash and trained by husband Bill had won the Trafalgar Cup in 1959 but following injuries had been forced to run a trial stake by Major Percy Brown to gain entry to the Derby. Luckily a short head win had resulted in Duleek Dandy claiming one of only twelve places available to greyhounds not selected by Brown. Incidentally it was the first time that only 36 of the 48 runners had been selected by Brown, the remaining twelve runners had to compete in trial stakes and included Clonavly Pride and Duleek Dandy as mentioned earlier.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 48], "content_span": [49, 609]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078055-0000-0000", "contents": "1960 English cricket season\n1960 was the 61st season of County Championship cricket in England. The County Championship was won by Yorkshire for the second successive year.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [27, 27], "content_span": [28, 172]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078055-0001-0000", "contents": "1960 English cricket season\nSouth Africa toured England, playing a five match Test series which England won 3\u20130. During the series there was a throwing controversy which saw umpire Frank Lee call South African fast bowler Geoff Griffin for throwing in the Lord's Test. This led to umpire Syd Buller repeatedly calling the Griffin for throwing in the following tour match. This had the effect of ending Griffin's Test career and of bringing to a head worldwide discontent about throwing and \"dragging\" that had caused controversy for the previous two years.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [27, 27], "content_span": [28, 556]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078055-0002-0000", "contents": "1960 English cricket season, Test series\nEngland defeated South Africa 3\u20130 in a five match Test series.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 40], "content_span": [41, 103]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078055-0003-0000", "contents": "1960 English cricket season, County Championship\nYorkshire won the County Championship for the second successive year. Lancashire were runners-up.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 48], "content_span": [49, 146]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078055-0004-0000", "contents": "1960 English cricket season, Leading players\nRaman Subba Row topped the batting averages with 1,503 runs scored at an average of 55.66. Brian Statham topped the bowling averages with 135 wickets taken at 12.31 runs per wicket.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 44], "content_span": [45, 226]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078056-0000-0000", "contents": "1960 Estonian SSR Football Championship\nThe 1960 Estonian SSR Football Championship was won by Baltic Fleet Tallinn.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [39, 39], "content_span": [40, 116]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078057-0000-0000", "contents": "1960 Ethiopian coup d'\u00e9tat attempt\nA coup d'etat was attempted in Ethiopia on 13 December 1960. The Council of the Revolution, four conspirators led by brothers Germame Neway and Brigadier General Mengistu Neway, commander of the Kebur Zabangna (Imperial Bodyguard), sought to overthrow Emperor Haile Selassie during a state visit to Brazil in order to install a progressive government. The coup leaders declared the beginning of a new government under the rule of Haile Selassie's eldest son, Crown Prince Asfaw Wossen, that would address the numerous economic and social problems Ethiopia faced.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [34, 34], "content_span": [35, 597]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078057-0000-0001", "contents": "1960 Ethiopian coup d'\u00e9tat attempt\nThe Council gained control of most of the capital city, Addis Ababa, and took several ministers and other important people hostage. After its initial success, the majority of the military and populace quickly aligned against the coup, and by 17 December loyalists had regained control of Addis Ababa. At least 300 people were killed during the coup, including most of the conspirators.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [34, 34], "content_span": [35, 420]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078057-0001-0000", "contents": "1960 Ethiopian coup d'\u00e9tat attempt\nThe coup attempt is considered the most serious threat to Haile Selassie's rule between 1941 and his deposition in 1974 during the Ethiopian Revolution.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [34, 34], "content_span": [35, 187]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078057-0002-0000", "contents": "1960 Ethiopian coup d'\u00e9tat attempt, Background\nGermame Neway, widely seen as the motivator of the coup, was a high-ranking civil servant who was serving as a district governor in Ethiopia's provinces. Germame was a progressive and activist governor who was frustrated in his attempts to improve the standard of living of the subjects in the districts he was assigned to govern, and grew to resent the absolutist and feudal central government under Emperor Haile Selassie. When Germame had attempted to encourage the Oromo inhabitants of Wellamu to build roads, bridges, and schools, he was opposed by the local landlords who agitated for his replacement.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [36, 46], "content_span": [47, 654]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078057-0002-0001", "contents": "1960 Ethiopian coup d'\u00e9tat attempt, Background\nGermame was then reassigned to Jijiga, where he \"was immediately confronted with the abject poverty and underdevelopment of the region and with obvious signs of official neglect.\" Concludes Bahru Zewde, \"The obstruction he encountered even in these remote posts convinced him of the need for change, and he began to work with his brother to that end.\"", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [36, 46], "content_span": [47, 398]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078057-0003-0000", "contents": "1960 Ethiopian coup d'\u00e9tat attempt, Background\nGermame then managed to persuade his brother, Brigadier-General Mengistu Neway, that a successful military coup against the current government was feasible. Mengistu was vital to the success of Germame's plan because he commanded the Kebur Zabangna, the Emperor's imperial guard whose members were expected to follow orders without question, and had connections throughout the Ethiopian armed forces. Two more important members, Colonel Warqenah Gabayahu, imperial Chief of Security, and Brigadier-General Tsege Dibu, the Commissioner of Police, were recruited to form a clandestine \"Council of the Revolution\", and the group began planning their move.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [36, 46], "content_span": [47, 699]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078057-0003-0001", "contents": "1960 Ethiopian coup d'\u00e9tat attempt, Background\nAccording to Paul Henze, fearing that their plans had already leaked out, the conspirators rushed into action when the Emperor departed on a state visit to Brazil without sufficient planning. According to the memoirs of John H. Spencer, Makonnen Habte-Wold had been seriously suspicious of Colonel Warqenah's activities two years prior to the attempted coup, and only five months before the conspirators acted Makonnen confided his renewed suspicions about both the Colonel as well as Brigadier-General Tsege to Spencer.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [36, 46], "content_span": [47, 567]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078057-0004-0000", "contents": "1960 Ethiopian coup d'\u00e9tat attempt, Coup\nOn the evening of Tuesday, 13 December 1960, the group duped several Ministers of the Imperial Crown and other important political personages into coming to Guenete Leul Palace in the imperial capital, Addis Ababa, for an emergency meeting where they were taken hostage. At the same time, followers of Colonel Warqenah occupied the central bank, the radio station, and the Ministry of Finance. The Kebur Zabangna surrounded the other army bases in and around the capital.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [36, 40], "content_span": [41, 512]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078057-0005-0000", "contents": "1960 Ethiopian coup d'\u00e9tat attempt, Coup\nThe next morning, after the members of the coup had secured control of most of Addis Ababa, Crown Prince Asfaw Wossen, who is generally regarded as having acted under duress, read a proclamation. This proclamation attacked Ethiopia's economic backwardness in relation to other African countries, announced the formation of a new government under the Crown Prince, and promised the start of a new era. In response, the students of Haile Selassie University demonstrated in support of the new government.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [36, 40], "content_span": [41, 543]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078057-0006-0000", "contents": "1960 Ethiopian coup d'\u00e9tat attempt, Coup\nThe leaders of the coup obviously expected this demonstration would convince the other branches of the military to join them. An uneasy 24 hours followed while the conspirators awaited developments. During this period Mangestu and his colleagues issued an 11-point programme of proposed reforms, and appointed as Prime Minister Ras Imru Haile Selassie and Major General Mulugeta Bulli, who was popular in the army, as Chief of Staff. Meanwhile, the loyalists within the military were able to come to a consensus on how to respond to this threat.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [36, 40], "content_span": [41, 586]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078057-0006-0001", "contents": "1960 Ethiopian coup d'\u00e9tat attempt, Coup\n(Clapham shows that the civilian leaders, who in previous coups that created new rulers of Ethiopia, had been effectively isolated from the military.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [36, 40], "content_span": [41, 190]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078057-0006-0002", "contents": "1960 Ethiopian coup d'\u00e9tat attempt, Coup\nMakonnen Habte-Wold, whose own intelligence network had uncovered this plot, was unable to do more than send frantic telegrams to his Emperor \"until the coup took place and he was captured and shot.\") Dejazmach Asrate Medhin Kassa, Major General Mared Mangesha, and the other loyalists spent their time more usefully; they secured the support of the tank squadron and the Imperial Ethiopian Air Force, both stationed within reach of the capital, and made up their initial shortage of troops by airlifting about 1,000 loyal soldiers in from outlying provinces; they also issued leaflets signed by the Abuna of the Ethiopian Church, which condemned the rebels as anti-religious traitors and called for loyalty to Haile Selassie. These leaflets are believed to have had a great effect on the uncommitted.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [36, 40], "content_span": [41, 842]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078057-0007-0000", "contents": "1960 Ethiopian coup d'\u00e9tat attempt, Coup\nFighting broke out in the afternoon of the next day. Heavily outnumbered, the rebels were slowly driven back. Many ordinary soldiers of the Kebur Zabangna, once they learned they were fighting against the Emperor, lost heart as they had been given to understand that they were fighting for him. Once the fighting started, the inhabitants of the capital gave their support to the loyalists. Before abandoning the capital, Germame and the others turned their machine-guns on their hostages in Genetta Leul palace, killing 15 of them. The dead included not only Ras Abebe Aregai, the then Prime Minister, but also Makonnen Habte-Wold and Major General Mulugeta.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [36, 40], "content_span": [41, 699]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078057-0008-0000", "contents": "1960 Ethiopian coup d'\u00e9tat attempt, Coup\nGeneral Tsege was killed in the fighting; Colonel Warqenah committed suicide. Mengistu and Germame evaded capture until 24 December 1960 when they were surrounded by the army near Mojo. Rather than face capture, Germame committed suicide; Mengistu surrendered. He was publicly hanged in a church square a few months later. Germame's body was brought to Addis Ababa and hanged as well, as a manner of demonstrating the Emperor's resolve.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [36, 40], "content_span": [41, 477]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078057-0008-0001", "contents": "1960 Ethiopian coup d'\u00e9tat attempt, Coup\nOfficial casualty figures state that at least 300 people were killed, many of them civilians caught in the street fighting; Christopher Clapham considers them \"likely to be underestimates\", noting in a footnote that The East African Standard in Nairobi, in what was then Kenya Colony, estimated about 2,000 dead and wounded in its 20 December 1960 story.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [36, 40], "content_span": [41, 395]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078057-0009-0000", "contents": "1960 Ethiopian coup d'\u00e9tat attempt, Aftermath\nAlthough Paul Henze asks the relevant question, \"Was the 1960 coup the harbinger of the revolution of 1974? \", he denies that there was a significant connection with his next sentence: \"Only in a very general sense, if at all.\" Henze emphasises the inside nature of the coup, how much of the population of Ethiopia was illiterate and had little awareness of events in the capital city.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [36, 45], "content_span": [46, 431]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078057-0009-0001", "contents": "1960 Ethiopian coup d'\u00e9tat attempt, Aftermath\nHowever, Henze admits that the threat to his rule caused a change in the Emperor's behaviour: after reorganising his government and appointing the Tsehafi Taezaz ('Minister of the Pen'), Aklilu Habte-Wold, as Prime Minister, Haile Selassie \"gave less attention to domestic affairs and devoted more time to foreign affairs, making a place for himself in the Pan-African movement and championing decolonization. ... Not to be overshadowed by many of the new personalities on the African scene \u2013 Nkrumah, Sekou Toure, Kenyatta, Nyerere \u2013 he continued to take a leading role in Pan-African politics.\"", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [36, 45], "content_span": [46, 642]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078057-0010-0000", "contents": "1960 Ethiopian coup d'\u00e9tat attempt, Aftermath\nIn contrast, Ethiopian historian Bahru Zewde finds a very clear chain of connection between the two events. First, in his history of modern Ethiopia, Bahru points out an ironic element in this event: \"By his colleagues he [Mulugeti Bulli] was more than half-expected to emulate the Egyptian colonel, Gamal Abdel Nasser, who staged a coup in 1952 that overthrew the dynasty, a century and a half old, of Mohammed Ali.\" Yet Professor Bahru draws an even more apparent connection between the two, in a strikingly elegiac passage:", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [36, 45], "content_span": [46, 572]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078057-0011-0000", "contents": "1960 Ethiopian coup d'\u00e9tat attempt, Aftermath\nEdmond Keller adds that following the coup, \"rather than being able to dictate comfortably the rate and direction of change, the emperor was placed ever more on the defensive, having to work harder to mediate the demands of increasingly politically significant social groupings.\"", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [36, 45], "content_span": [46, 325]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078057-0011-0001", "contents": "1960 Ethiopian coup d'\u00e9tat attempt, Aftermath\nKeller also disagrees with the assertion that the leaders of the coup were the only organised group critical of the imperial monarchy and its policies, pointing to nationalist organisations coalescing among the Oromo, Somali, Eritreans, and Tigreans, noting that \"these pockets of opposition might never have emerged if the emperor's policies had been more sensitively directed at building legitimacy among the masses rather than simply at securing compliance or acquiescence to laws and policies.\"", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [36, 45], "content_span": [46, 544]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078058-0000-0000", "contents": "1960 European Baseball Championship\nThe 1960 European Baseball Championship was held in Spain and was won by the Netherlands for the fourth time in a row. Italy finished as runner-up.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [35, 35], "content_span": [36, 183]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078059-0000-0000", "contents": "1960 European Cup Final\nThe 1960 European Cup Final was the fifth final in the history of the European Cup, and was contested by Real Madrid of Spain and Eintracht Frankfurt of West Germany. Real won 7\u20133 in front of a crowd of over 127,000 people at Glasgow's Hampden Park stadium, still the highest attendance for a European Cup final. There were an estimated 70\u00a0million television viewers around Europe. Widely regarded as one of the greatest football matches ever played, it also currently remains the highest-scoring final in the history of the competition.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [23, 23], "content_span": [24, 561]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078059-0001-0000", "contents": "1960 European Cup Final\nFrankfurt reached the final through an impressive 12\u20134 aggregate victory over Scottish champions Rangers, whereas Madrid overcame their bitter rivals Barcelona 6\u20132 over two legs.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [23, 23], "content_span": [24, 202]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078059-0002-0000", "contents": "1960 European Cup Final\nThe match was initially in doubt as the German Football Association had banned their clubs from taking part in matches with any team containing Ferenc Pusk\u00e1s after the Hungarian had alleged the West German team had used drugs in 1954. Pusk\u00e1s had to make a formal written apology before the match could take place.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [23, 23], "content_span": [24, 337]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078059-0003-0000", "contents": "1960 European Cup Final\nPusk\u00e1s and Di Stefano are two of only three players to have scored a hat-trick in a European Cup final (Puskas being the only one to ever score four goals), with the other being Pierino Prati for Milan in their 4\u20131 victory over Ajax in the 1969 European Cup Final. Pusk\u00e1s repeated the feat in the 1962 European Cup Final.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [23, 23], "content_span": [24, 345]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078060-0000-0000", "contents": "1960 European Figure Skating Championships\nThe 1960 European Figure Skating Championships was a figure skating competition sanctioned by the International Skating Union in which figure skaters competed for the title of European Champion in the disciplines of men's singles, ladies' singles, pair skating, and ice dancing. The competitions took place from February 4 to 7, 1960 in Garmisch-Partenkirchen, West Germany.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 42], "section_span": [42, 42], "content_span": [43, 417]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078061-0000-0000", "contents": "1960 European Nations' Cup\nThe 1960 European Nations' Cup was the first edition of the UEFA European Championship, held every four years and organised by UEFA. The first tournament was held in France. It was won by the Soviet Union, who beat Yugoslavia 2\u20131 in Paris after extra time.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [26, 26], "content_span": [27, 283]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078061-0001-0000", "contents": "1960 European Nations' Cup\nThe tournament was a knockout competition; just 17 teams entered with some notable absences, West Germany, Italy and England among them. The teams would play home-and-away matches until the semi-finals; the final four teams would then move on to the final tournament, whose host was selected after the teams became known.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [26, 26], "content_span": [27, 348]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078061-0002-0000", "contents": "1960 European Nations' Cup\nIn the quarter-finals, Spain, who were under Francoist rule, refused to travel to the Soviet Union for political reasons. Proposals to play the tie in a one-legged format at a neutral venue were rejected by the Soviets. Spain were disqualified and, accordingly, three of the final four teams were from communist countries: USSR, Czechoslovakia, and SFR Yugoslavia, to go with hosts France.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [26, 26], "content_span": [27, 416]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078061-0003-0000", "contents": "1960 European Nations' Cup\nIn the semi-finals, the Soviets made easy work of the Czechoslovaks in Marseille, beating them 3\u20130. The other match saw a nine-goal thriller as Yugoslavia came on top 5\u20134 after coming back from a two-goal deficit twice. Czechoslovakia beat the demoralised French 2\u20130 for third place.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [26, 26], "content_span": [27, 310]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078061-0004-0000", "contents": "1960 European Nations' Cup\nIn the final, Yugoslavia scored first, but the Soviet Union, led by legendary goalkeeper Lev Yashin, equalised in the 49th minute. After 90 minutes the score was 1\u20131, and Viktor Ponedelnik scored with seven minutes left in extra time to give the Soviets the inaugural European Championship.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [26, 26], "content_span": [27, 317]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078061-0005-0000", "contents": "1960 European Nations' Cup, Final tournament\nIn all matches but the final, extra time and a coin toss were used to decide the winner if necessary. If the final remained level after extra time, a replay would be used to determine the winner.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [28, 44], "content_span": [45, 240]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078061-0006-0000", "contents": "1960 European Nations' Cup, Statistics, Goalscorers\nThere were 17 goals scored in 4 matches, for an average of 4.25 goals per match.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [28, 51], "content_span": [52, 132]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078062-0000-0000", "contents": "1960 European Nations' Cup Final\nThe 1960 European Nations' Cup Final was a football match at the Parc des Princes, Paris, on 10 July 1960, to determine the winner of the 1960 European Nations' Cup. It was the first UEFA European Football Championship final, UEFA's top football competition for national teams. The match was contested by the Soviet Union and Yugoslavia. En route to the final, the Soviet Union defeated Hungary over a two-legged tie before receiving a walkover in the quarter-final after Spain withdrew from the tournament. In the semi-final, the Soviet Union won 3\u20130 against Czechoslovakia. Yugoslavia defeated Bulgaria, Portugal and France, the host nation for the finals.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [32, 32], "content_span": [33, 691]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078062-0001-0000", "contents": "1960 European Nations' Cup Final\nThe referee for the final, played in front of 17,966 spectators in rainy conditions, was Arthur Ellis from England. Yugoslavia took the lead in the 43rd minute with  a goal credited to Milan Gali\u0107 after dominating the early stages of the match. The Soviet Union equalised shortly after half-time through Slava Metreveli and the match ended 1\u20131 in regular time, meaning extra time was required to determine the outcome. Dra\u017ean Jerkovi\u0107's header was high for Yugoslavia in the first period of additional time but with seven minutes remaining, Viktor Ponedelnik scored with a  header from a Valentin Ivanov cross to give the Soviet Union a 2\u20131 victory.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [32, 32], "content_span": [33, 682]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078062-0002-0000", "contents": "1960 European Nations' Cup Final\nYugoslavia went on to qualify for the 1962 FIFA World Cup where they finished second in Group 1 behind the Soviet Union against whom they had lost 2\u20130, before defeating West Germany in the quarter-final. They were knocked out in the semi-final by Czechoslovakia and lost to Chile, who had beaten the Soviet Union in the quarter-final, in the third place play-off.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [32, 32], "content_span": [33, 396]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078062-0003-0000", "contents": "1960 European Nations' Cup Final, Background\nThe 1960 European Nations' Cup was the first edition of the UEFA European Football Championship, UEFA's football competition for national teams. Opening rounds were played on a home-and-away basis before the semi-finals and final taking place in France, between 6 and 10 July 1960. A third-place play-off match took place the day before the final.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 44], "content_span": [45, 392]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078062-0004-0000", "contents": "1960 European Nations' Cup Final, Background\nThe Soviet Union had made their international football tournament debut in the 1958 FIFA World Cup where they were beaten 2\u20130 at the quarter-final stage by hosts Sweden. Yugoslavia also played at the World Cup two years before and had similarly been knocked out in the quarter-finals, by West Germany. The last meeting between the Soviet Union and Yugoslavia was in the 1956 Summer Olympics where the Soviet Union won 1\u20130 in the final.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 44], "content_span": [45, 480]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078062-0005-0000", "contents": "1960 European Nations' Cup Final, Road to the final, Soviet Union\nThe Soviet Union started their inaugural European Nations Cup campaign in the round of 16 where they faced Hungary in a two-legged tie. The first match was held at the Central Lenin Stadium in Moscow on 28 September 1958 in front of a crowd of 100,572. Anatoli Ilyin gave the Soviet Union an early lead when he scored the first European Championship goal in the fourth minute. He dispossessed the sweeper Ferenc Sipos inside the Hungary penalty area before shooting past the goalkeeper B\u00e9la Bak\u00f3.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 65], "content_span": [66, 562]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078062-0005-0001", "contents": "1960 European Nations' Cup Final, Road to the final, Soviet Union\nSlava Metreveli doubled the lead in the 20th minute before Valentin Ivanov scored twelve minutes later to make it 3\u20130 at half-time. Hungary's J\u00e1nos G\u00f6r\u00f6cs scored with six minutes remaining to reduce the deficit and the match ended 3\u20131. The second leg of the round of 16 match took place almost one year later, at the N\u00e9pstadion in Budapest on 27 September 1959 with an attendance of 78,481. A second-half goal from Yuriy Voynov saw the match end 1\u20130 to the Soviet Union who progressed to the quarter-final with a 4\u20131 aggregate victory.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 65], "content_span": [66, 601]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078062-0006-0000", "contents": "1960 European Nations' Cup Final, Road to the final, Soviet Union\nIn the quarter-final, the Soviet Union were drawn against Spain but the country's dictatorial leader Francisco Franco ordered the Royal Spanish Football Federation president Alfonso de la Fuente to withdraw the side from the tournament. UEFA penalised Spain financially and awarded the Soviet Union a walkover into the semi-final. There they faced Czechoslovakia at the Stade V\u00e9lodrome in Marseille on 6 July 1960 in front of 25,184 spectators.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 65], "content_span": [66, 510]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078062-0006-0001", "contents": "1960 European Nations' Cup Final, Road to the final, Soviet Union\nViktor Ponedelnik went close to scoring for the Soviet Union in the 24th minute but it was Ivanov who gave his side a 1\u20130 lead with a low left-footed strike from inside the Czechoslovakia penalty area. He doubled his tally and his side's lead eleven minutes after half time with another close range strike. Ponedelnik then scored midway through the second half with a right-footed shot from the edge of the six-yard box. No further goals were scored and the Soviet Union progressed to the inaugural European Nations Cup final with a 3\u20130 victory.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 65], "content_span": [66, 611]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078062-0007-0000", "contents": "1960 European Nations' Cup Final, Road to the final, Yugoslavia\nYugoslavia's first European Nations Cup tournament began with a two-legged tie against Bulgaria, the first match of which took place at the Stadion JNA in Belgrade on 31 May 1959. The home side took an early lead through Milan Gali\u0107 who scored in the first minute. Lazar Tasi\u0107 then doubled Yugoslavia's lead with three minutes to go to secure a 2\u20130 victory. The second leg was played at the Vasil Levski National Stadium in Sofia on 25 October 1959.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 63], "content_span": [64, 513]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078062-0007-0001", "contents": "1960 European Nations' Cup Final, Road to the final, Yugoslavia\nAfter a goalless first half, Todor Diev gave Bulgaria the lead five minutes after the interval but Muhamed Muji\u0107 equalised for Yugoslavia six minutes later. No further goals were scored and the game ended 1\u20131, with Yugoslavia progressing to the quarter-final with a 3\u20131 aggregate win. There they faced Portugal with the first leg being hosted at the Est\u00e1dio Nacional in Lisbon on 8 May 1960. Although Yugoslavia dominated the match, Portugal took a 2\u20130 lead with goals from Santana and Matateu. With less than ten minutes remaining, Bora Kosti\u0107 halved the deficit and the match ended 2\u20131 to Portugal.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 63], "content_span": [64, 664]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078062-0007-0002", "contents": "1960 European Nations' Cup Final, Road to the final, Yugoslavia\nThe second leg took place on 22 May 1960 at Stadion JNA in Belgrade. Dragoslav \u0160ekularac gave Yugoslavia an early lead when he scored in the eighth minute. Domiciano Cav\u00e9m equalised for Portugal 21 minutes later but Zvezdan \u010cebinac restored Yugoslavia's lead just before half-time. Two second-half goals from Bora Kosti\u0107 and one from Gali\u0107 secured a 5\u20131 win for Yugoslavia and a 6\u20133 aggregate victory.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 63], "content_span": [64, 465]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078062-0008-0000", "contents": "1960 European Nations' Cup Final, Road to the final, Yugoslavia\nThe semi-final saw Yugoslavia face hosts France at the Parc des Princes on 6 July 1960. Eleven minutes into the game, Gali\u0107 struck the ball from outside the France penalty area and into the top corner of the goal past goalkeeper Georges Lamia. Jean Vincent levelled the match a minute later with a curling shot. Fran\u00e7ois Heutte then gave France a half-time lead with a 43rd-minute strike. Maryan Wisniewski made it 3\u20131 to France eight minutes after the interval before Ante \u017daneti\u0107 beat Lamia at the near post to reduce Yugoslavia's deficit.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 63], "content_span": [64, 605]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078062-0008-0001", "contents": "1960 European Nations' Cup Final, Road to the final, Yugoslavia\nMidway through the second half, Heutte restored France's two-goal lead despite Yugoslavia's players' appeals for offside. With 15 minutes remaining, Tomislav Knez made it 4\u20133 before Dra\u017ean Jerkovi\u0107 scored twice within a minute, capitalising  on errors from Lamia, to secure a 5\u20134 victory for Yugoslavia and qualification for the inaugural final. As of 2021, the semi-final remains the highest-scoring game in the finals in European Championship history.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 63], "content_span": [64, 517]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078062-0009-0000", "contents": "1960 European Nations' Cup Final, Match, Pre-match\nThe match was televised live and was played in poor weather conditions. Yugoslavia, managed by a committee, elected to change their goalkeeper, bringing in Blagoje Vidini\u0107 in place of Milutin \u0160o\u0161ki\u0107 who was suffering from an eye problem. They also included debutant \u017deljko Matu\u0161 in their starting eleven. The referee for the match was Englishman Arthur Ellis, who had previously officiated the inaugural European Cup Final in 1956 at the Parc des Princes, between Real Madrid and Reims.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 50], "content_span": [51, 537]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078062-0010-0000", "contents": "1960 European Nations' Cup Final, Match, Summary\nThe final was played on 10 July 1960 at the Parc des Princes in front of a crowd of 17,966. Yugoslavia dominated the early stages of the match and Soviet Union goalkeeper Lev Yashin was forced to save two free kicks from Kosti\u0107. \u0160ekularac's shot then passed just wide with Yashin static. Two minutes before half-time, Yugoslavia took the lead. Jerkovi\u0107 played in a low cross which was deflected into the goal past Yashin.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 48], "content_span": [49, 470]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078062-0010-0001", "contents": "1960 European Nations' Cup Final, Match, Summary\nAnalysis of video of the match is inconclusive: the goal was either scored by Gali\u0107 or diverted into his own net by the Soviet Union's Igor Netto who was marking the Yugoslavian player. However, historically Gali\u0107 is credited with the goal. During the interval, former Soviet Union player Boris Kuznetsov who was with the squad, added spikes to his side's boots to cope with the wet conditions underfoot. Four minutes after half-time, the Soviet Union equalised: Valentin Bubukin struck a left-footed shot from around 25 yards (23\u00a0m) which was mishandled by Vidini\u0107 and Metreveli scored from close range. Late in the match, Metreveli's cross-shot passed across the goalmouth and was missed by Ponedelnik before Ivanov struck it wide from close range. Regular time ended 1\u20131 and the match went into extra time.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 48], "content_span": [49, 858]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078062-0011-0000", "contents": "1960 European Nations' Cup Final, Match, Summary\nDuring the additional period, Yashin came out to clear a corner, but Jerkovi\u0107's header went wide. Early in the second half, \u017daneti\u0107 played in a low cross but Gali\u0107 missed the opportunity to score. In the 113th minute of the final, Ivanov played a cross to Ponedelnik who headed it across the goal and into the corner of the net to give the Soviet Union the lead. Despite a late goalmouth scramble in the Soviet Union penalty area, Ellis blew the whistle to end the match 2\u20131: the Soviet Union were inaugural winners of the European Nations' Cup.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 48], "content_span": [49, 594]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078062-0012-0000", "contents": "1960 European Nations' Cup Final, Post-match\nThe winning goalscorer Ponedelnik later said: \"The Soviet national team became the first ever European champions. No one can forget such moments of glory. As for myself, that 113th-minute winner was the most important of my whole career. That was the star moment of my life\". All but two of UEFA's team of the tournament had featured in the final, including five Soviet Union and four Yugoslavia players. They celebrated until dawn in Paris, Voynov recalling \"...\u00a0to sit in a Paris cafe with a glass of wine was enough. We didn't drink much. We were drunk on victory.\"", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 44], "content_span": [45, 613]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078062-0012-0001", "contents": "1960 European Nations' Cup Final, Post-match\nEach of the winning players received $200 in prize money and were celebrated the day after the final at a reception held at the Eiffel Tower. Upon their return  to Moscow, they were lauded by more than 100,000 people at a victory parade held in the Central Lenin Stadium. Speaking later, of the sparse attendance, \u0160ekularac suggested that \"crowds in France wanted western European glamour, not mysterious teams from the other side of Europe\".", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 44], "content_span": [45, 487]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078062-0013-0000", "contents": "1960 European Nations' Cup Final, Post-match\nYugoslavia qualified for the 1962 FIFA World Cup where they finished second in Group 1 behind the Soviet Union against whom they had lost 2\u20130, before defeating West Germany in the quarter-final. They were knocked out in the semi-final by Czechoslovakia and lost to Chile, who had beaten the Soviet Union in the quarter-final, in the third place play-off.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 44], "content_span": [45, 399]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078063-0000-0000", "contents": "1960 European Nations' Cup final tournament\nThe final tournament of the 1960 European Nations' Cup was a single-elimination tournament involving the four teams that qualified from the quarter-finals. There were two rounds of matches: a semi-final stage leading to the final to decide the champions. The final tournament began with the semi-finals on 6 July and ended with the final on 10 July at the Parc des Princes in Paris. The Soviet Union won the tournament with a 2\u20131 victory over Yugoslavia.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 43], "section_span": [43, 43], "content_span": [44, 498]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078063-0001-0000", "contents": "1960 European Nations' Cup final tournament, Format\nAny game in the final tournament that was undecided by the end of the regular 90 minutes was followed by thirty minutes of extra time (two 15-minute halves). If scores were still level, a coin toss would be used in all matches but the final. If the final finished level after extra time, a replay would take place at a later date to decide the winner.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 43], "section_span": [45, 51], "content_span": [52, 403]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078064-0000-0000", "contents": "1960 European Nations' Cup qualifying\nThis article describes the qualifying procedure for the 1960 European Nations' Cup, the inaugural edition of the European Nations' Cup tournament, now known as the UEFA European Championship.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [37, 37], "content_span": [38, 229]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078064-0001-0000", "contents": "1960 European Nations' Cup qualifying, Format\nThe qualification was a knockout tournament where the teams would play a two-legged tie on a home-and-away basis. If the aggregate scores were level at the end of the tie, a third leg was played at a neutral venue to decide the winners. It consisted of a preliminary round, a round of 16, and a quarter-final round. The four quarter-final winners would qualify for the tournament proper; one of those four countries would then be chosen to host it.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [39, 45], "content_span": [46, 494]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078064-0002-0000", "contents": "1960 European Nations' Cup qualifying, Format\n17 teams entered the competition; notable absences included West Germany, Italy, England and the Netherlands. Two of the entrants, Czechoslovakia and the Republic of Ireland, were selected to play the preliminary round. The winner of that fixture would join the remaining 15 teams in the round of 16.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [39, 45], "content_span": [46, 346]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078064-0003-0000", "contents": "1960 European Nations' Cup qualifying, Format\nIn fact, a few matches of the round of 16 took place before the preliminary round matches. The first European Nations' Cup qualifying match was played on 28 September 1958 between the Soviet Union and Hungary. The first goal was scored by Anatoli Ilyin of the Soviet Union four minutes into that game. On 3 December 1958, Greece became the first team to be eliminated from the European Nations' Cup after losing 8\u20132 on aggregate to France.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [39, 45], "content_span": [46, 485]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078064-0004-0000", "contents": "1960 European Nations' Cup qualifying, Preliminary round\nCzechoslovakia and the Republic of Ireland were randomly selected to face each other in the preliminary round. The other 15 countries received byes to the round of 16.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [39, 56], "content_span": [57, 224]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078064-0005-0000", "contents": "1960 European Nations' Cup qualifying, Goalscorers\nThere were 91 goals scored in 24 matches, for an average of 3.79 goals per match.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [39, 50], "content_span": [51, 132]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078065-0000-0000", "contents": "1960 European Nations' Cup qualifying preliminary round\nThe 1960 European Nations' Cup qualifying preliminary round was the first round of the qualifying competition for the 1960 European Nations' Cup. The tie was played over two legs, home and away, in April and May 1959 and was contested by the Republic of Ireland and Czechoslovakia, as they were randomly selected to play each other. The winner on aggregate would advance to the round of 16.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 55], "section_span": [55, 55], "content_span": [56, 446]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078065-0001-0000", "contents": "1960 European Nations' Cup qualifying preliminary round\nThe first leg was played on 5 April 1959, and won by the Republic of Ireland 2\u20130. Czechoslovakia won the return leg 4\u20130 on 10 May 1959, and therefore Czechoslovakia won 4\u20132 on aggregate. As winners, Czechoslovakia entered the round of 16 with the fifteen nations that had received a bye.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 55], "section_span": [55, 55], "content_span": [56, 343]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078065-0002-0000", "contents": "1960 European Nations' Cup qualifying preliminary round\nBecause some of the matches of the round of 16 had already taken place when the matches of the preliminary round did, Republic of Ireland vs Czechoslovakia was not actually the first ever European Championship match (Soviet Union vs Hungary was), nor was the Republic of Ireland the first team to ever be eliminated from a European Championship (Greece was).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 55], "section_span": [55, 55], "content_span": [56, 414]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078065-0003-0000", "contents": "1960 European Nations' Cup qualifying preliminary round, Goalscorers\nThere were 6 goals scored in 2 matches, for an average of 3 goals per match.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 55], "section_span": [57, 68], "content_span": [69, 145]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078066-0000-0000", "contents": "1960 European Nations' Cup quarter-finals\nThe 1960 European Nations' Cup quarter-finals was the third round of the qualifying competition for the 1960 European Nations' Cup. It was contested by the eight winners from the round of 16. The winners of each of four home-and-away ties entered the final tournament. The matches were played in 1959 and 1960.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 41], "section_span": [41, 41], "content_span": [42, 352]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078066-0001-0000", "contents": "1960 European Nations' Cup quarter-finals, Qualification\nEach tie winner progressed to the quarter-finals. The quarter-finals were played in two legs on a home-and-away basis. The winners of the quarter-finals would go through to the final tournament.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 41], "section_span": [43, 56], "content_span": [57, 251]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078066-0002-0000", "contents": "1960 European Nations' Cup quarter-finals, Matches\nThe eight matches took place over two legs, taking place in 1959 and 1960. All times are CET (UTC+1).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 41], "section_span": [43, 50], "content_span": [51, 152]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078066-0003-0000", "contents": "1960 European Nations' Cup quarter-finals, Matches\nFrance won 9\u20134 on aggregate and qualified for the 1960 European Nations' Cup.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 41], "section_span": [43, 50], "content_span": [51, 128]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078066-0004-0000", "contents": "1960 European Nations' Cup quarter-finals, Matches\nYugoslavia won 6\u20133 on aggregate and qualified for the 1960 European Nations' Cup.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 41], "section_span": [43, 50], "content_span": [51, 132]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078066-0005-0000", "contents": "1960 European Nations' Cup quarter-finals, Matches\nCzechoslovakia won 5\u20130 on aggregate and qualified for the 1960 European Nations' Cup.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 41], "section_span": [43, 50], "content_span": [51, 136]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078066-0006-0000", "contents": "1960 European Nations' Cup quarter-finals, Matches\nSpain withdrew. Soviet Union won on walkover and qualified for the 1960 European Nations' Cup.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 41], "section_span": [43, 50], "content_span": [51, 145]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078066-0007-0000", "contents": "1960 European Nations' Cup quarter-finals, Goalscorers\nThere were 27 goals scored in 6 matches, for an average of 4.5 goals per match.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 41], "section_span": [43, 54], "content_span": [55, 134]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078067-0000-0000", "contents": "1960 European Nations' Cup round of 16\nThe 1960 European Nations' Cup round of 16 was the second round of the qualifying competition for the 1960 European Nations' Cup. It was contested by Czechoslovakia, the preliminary round winners, along with fifteen other countries that had received a bye. The winners of each of eight home and away ties entered the quarter-finals. The matches were played in 1958 and 1959.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [38, 38], "content_span": [39, 413]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078067-0001-0000", "contents": "1960 European Nations' Cup round of 16, Qualification\nThe Republic of Ireland and Czechoslovakia faced each other in a two-legged tie, with Czechoslovakia winning and progressing to the round of 16.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 53], "content_span": [54, 198]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078067-0002-0000", "contents": "1960 European Nations' Cup round of 16, Matches\nThe eight matches took place over two legs, taking place in 1958 and 1959. All times are CET (UTC+1).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 47], "content_span": [48, 149]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078067-0003-0000", "contents": "1960 European Nations' Cup round of 16, Matches\nSoviet Union won 4\u20131 on aggregate and advanced to the quarter-finals.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 47], "content_span": [48, 117]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078067-0004-0000", "contents": "1960 European Nations' Cup round of 16, Matches\nFrance won 8\u20132 on aggregate and advanced to the quarter-finals.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 47], "content_span": [48, 111]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078067-0005-0000", "contents": "1960 European Nations' Cup round of 16, Matches\nRomania won 3\u20132 on aggregate and advanced to the quarter-finals.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 47], "content_span": [48, 112]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078067-0006-0000", "contents": "1960 European Nations' Cup round of 16, Matches\nAustria won 6\u20132 on aggregate and advanced to the quarter-finals.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 47], "content_span": [48, 112]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078067-0007-0000", "contents": "1960 European Nations' Cup round of 16, Matches\nYugoslavia won 3\u20131 on aggregate and advanced to the quarter-finals.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 47], "content_span": [48, 115]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078067-0008-0000", "contents": "1960 European Nations' Cup round of 16, Matches\nPortugal won 5\u20132 on aggregate and advanced to the quarter-finals.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 47], "content_span": [48, 113]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078067-0009-0000", "contents": "1960 European Nations' Cup round of 16, Matches\nSpain won 7\u20132 on aggregate and advanced to the quarter-finals.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 47], "content_span": [48, 110]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078067-0010-0000", "contents": "1960 European Nations' Cup round of 16, Matches\nCzechoslovakia won 7\u20133 on aggregate and advanced to the quarter-finals.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 47], "content_span": [48, 119]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078067-0011-0000", "contents": "1960 European Nations' Cup round of 16, Goalscorers\nThere were 58 goals scored in 16 matches, for an average of 3.62 goals per match.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 51], "content_span": [52, 133]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078068-0000-0000", "contents": "1960 European Nations' Cup squads\nHere are the squads for the 1960 European Nations' Cup in France, which took place from 6 to 10 July 1960.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [33, 33], "content_span": [34, 140]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078069-0000-0000", "contents": "1960 European Rowing Championships\nThe 1960 European Rowing Championships were rowing championships held on the Welsh Harp Reservoir in the London suburb of Willesden in England. This edition of the European Rowing Championships was for women only and was held from 12 to 14 August. Twelve countries contested five boat classes (W1x, W2x, W4x+, W4+, W8+). Men would compete later that month in Italy for the 1960 Summer Olympics.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [34, 34], "content_span": [35, 429]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078069-0001-0000", "contents": "1960 European Rowing Championships, German participation\nNeither FISA, the International Rowing Federation, nor the International Olympic Committee recognised East Germany as a country and insisted on one German team per boat class. The two German rowing associations first met at the Caf\u00e9 Warsaw in East Berlin in January 1960 and agreed that qualification races would be held for both the European Championships and the Olympic Games, with the details to be agreed on at a further meeting in March. Further negotiations in Hanover during April were difficult, with West German representatives rejecting suggestions by East German delegates.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [36, 56], "content_span": [57, 642]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078069-0001-0001", "contents": "1960 European Rowing Championships, German participation\nAt further negotiations in Berlin in Mai, it was agreed that qualification races for the European Championships and the Olympic Games would be dealt with separately. In the end, the West German view of having a single regatta decide the representation prevailed, and Olympic qualifications were decided on 6 August on the Wedau Regatta Course in Duisburg. The qualifications for the European Championships were held at the same weekend, but it is not clear from media reporting whether this happened at the same venue. With East German women dominant in rowing, the West Germans contested the double scull boat class only, but that race was won by East Germany. Thus, all German representatives in London were from East Germany.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [36, 56], "content_span": [57, 785]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078070-0000-0000", "contents": "1960 FA Charity Shield\nThe 1960 FA Charity Shield was the 38th FA Charity Shield, a  football match between the winners of the previous season's First Division and FA Cup titles. The match was contested by league champions Burnley and FA Cup winners Wolverhampton Wanderers.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [22, 22], "content_span": [23, 274]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078070-0001-0000", "contents": "1960 FA Charity Shield\nThe two clubs had been the main challengers for the league title the previous season, with Burnley pipping Wolves by just a single point. This denied the Midlands club a third successive league championship, and the first 'double' of the 20th Century.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [22, 22], "content_span": [23, 274]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078070-0002-0000", "contents": "1960 FA Charity Shield\nThe match was staged at Burnley's home ground, Turf Moor. The game ended a 2\u20132 draw, meaning the Shield was shared.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [22, 22], "content_span": [23, 138]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078071-0000-0000", "contents": "1960 FA Cup Final\nThe 1960 FA Cup Final was the 79th final of the world's oldest domestic football cup competition, the FA Cup. It took place on 7 May 1960 at Wembley Stadium in London. The match was contested by Blackburn Rovers and Wolverhampton Wanderers.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [17, 17], "content_span": [18, 258]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078071-0001-0000", "contents": "1960 FA Cup Final\nWolves won the game and the cup after a 3\u20130 victory, with a Norman Deeley double after Blackburn defender Mick McGrath had scored an own goal. This was Wolves' fourth and most recent FA Cup success.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [17, 17], "content_span": [18, 216]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078071-0002-0000", "contents": "1960 FA Cup Final\nThis was the first time the FA Cup winners would be given a berth for European competition, into the newly formed Cup Winners' Cup.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [17, 17], "content_span": [18, 149]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078071-0003-0000", "contents": "1960 FA Cup Final, Background\nWolverhampton Wanderers were clear favourites going into the match, having won the league title in the previous three seasons and only being denied a third successive championship during this season, after being pipped by just a single point by Burnley. Blackburn Rovers, on the other hand, had not had a great season, finishing in 17th place in only their second season back in top flight football. Both league games between the two during the season had been won by Wolves (3\u20131 and 1\u20130).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 29], "content_span": [30, 519]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078071-0004-0000", "contents": "1960 FA Cup Final, Background\nIf current form favoured Wolves, Blackburn had the better FA Cup pedigree historically, with six triumphs already to their name, compared to Wolves' three. They had already displayed their cup strength by eliminating three of the top four clubs that season en route to the final \u2013 Burnley, Tottenham Hotspur and Sheffield Wednesday.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 29], "content_span": [30, 362]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078071-0005-0000", "contents": "1960 FA Cup Final, Match, Summary, First half\nThe match was one of the warmest cup finals recorded, with many spectators having to be treated for fainting, leading to the game being played at a very sedate pace throughout. The opening 15 minutes set the tone for the contest in both pace and with both teams ruthlessly applying the offside trap to nullify their opponent (leading the TV commentator to eventually dub it 'The Offside Final').", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 45], "content_span": [46, 441]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078071-0006-0000", "contents": "1960 FA Cup Final, Match, Summary, First half\nAs the half progressed Wolves began to gain control and seemed most likely to open the scoring, with Jimmy Murray mis-hitting with the goal before him. Despite this it was Blackburn who eventually had the most dangerous shot on target when Peter Dobing jinked through Wolves defence to fire at goal, but goalkeeper Malcolm Finlayson was able to block the shot.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 45], "content_span": [46, 406]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078071-0007-0000", "contents": "1960 FA Cup Final, Match, Summary, First half\nFailing to take that opportunity soon proved costly for Blackburn when they suffered a disastrous few minutes. A low cross driven in by Stobart was deflected past Blackburn's goalkeeper by his own unfortunate defender, Mick McGrath to break the deadlock on 41 minutes. Then, two minutes later Blackburn's woes heightened as full-back Dave Whelan fractured his leg in a challenge with Norman Deeley. Though initially overlooked by the referee who allowed play to continue, both men needed substantial treatment. Whelan was eventually stretchered off, and, without the use of substitutes, left his team to complete the game with only 10 men.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 45], "content_span": [46, 685]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078071-0008-0000", "contents": "1960 FA Cup Final, Match, Summary, Second half\nWhen the team re-emerged after the interval, Deeley was still labouring and showing signs of discomfort from his clash with Whelan. The continued use of the offside trap, crude and poorly organised by modern standards but largely effective, saved Blackburn falling further behind in the 50th minute when Murray slotted home after Blackburn goalkeeper Harry Leyland fumbled a low Des Horne cross only for Barry Stobart \u2013 in modern terms not interfering with play \u2013 to be flagged.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 46], "content_span": [47, 525]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078071-0009-0000", "contents": "1960 FA Cup Final, Match, Summary, Second half\nMurray came close to getting himself a legitimate goal on 68 minutes when he was left free on the edge of the penalty area, only for Leyland to block his swivelling shot with his legs. From the resulting corner Wolves worked the ball for Horne to pass across the face of the goal, finding Deeley at the far post who drove the ball in to all but seal victory. Wolves then had the ball in the net for fourth time seven minutes later when Ron Flowers tapped-in which was again flagged offside.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 46], "content_span": [47, 537]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078071-0010-0000", "contents": "1960 FA Cup Final, Match, Summary, Second half\nBlackburn offered little resistance and failed to create any goalscoring opportunities throughout the second half leaving Wolves to complete the scoring two minutes from time when the Blackburn defence was hesitant in clearing the ball, allowing Deeley to shoot high into the top corner from five yards.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 46], "content_span": [47, 350]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078071-0011-0000", "contents": "1960 FA Cup Final, Match, Summary, Second half\nBill Slater then led the Wolves players up the famous Wembley steps to be presented with the trophy by The Duchess of Gloucester, and the Cup was heading back to Molineux for a fourth time (as of 2020) and last time.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 46], "content_span": [47, 263]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078071-0012-0000", "contents": "1960 FA Cup Final, Match, Summary, Second half\nAfter the death of Gerry Harris in July 2020 Ron Flowers is the only remaining survivor from the winning team. Dave Whelan, Mick McGrath, Louis Bimpson, Peter Dobing and Bryan Douglas are the remaining players from the Rovers team in the 1960 FA Cup Final.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 46], "content_span": [47, 303]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078071-0013-0000", "contents": "1960 FA Cup Final, Coverage\nThe game was broadcast live on television on the BBC Grandstand programme (12:45pm to 5pm) with commentary by Kenneth Wolstenholme. Only four cameras used for the entire broadcast while use of on-screen score captions, which had been adopted for the first time the previous year was dropped. Wolstenholme described the game early on as 'The White Shirt Final' due to the breathless heat within Wembley Stadium, which led the vast majority of spectators to remove their jackets. As it was still the custom to attend the cup final in 'Sunday best' this led to an arena dominated by white shirted spectators.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 27], "content_span": [28, 633]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078071-0014-0000", "contents": "1960 FA Cup Final, Coverage\nThe press dubbed the game 'The Dustbin Final' due in part to the feeling that the game had been \"rubbish\" but also for the bad reaction by Blackburn fans to the victorious Wolves team as they paraded the cup being pelted with match programmes, paper cups and other rubbish accumulated in the stands during the game.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 27], "content_span": [28, 343]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078071-0015-0000", "contents": "1960 FA Cup Final, Coverage\nAs well as television the game was also broadcast live on BBC Radio while black and white newsreel footage from both Path\u00e9 and Movietone was screened in cinemas that evening.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 27], "content_span": [28, 202]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078072-0000-0000", "contents": "1960 FAMAS Awards\nThe 8th Filipino Academy of Movie Arts and Sciences Awards Night was held on March 5, 1960, for the Outstanding Achievements for the year 1959.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [17, 17], "content_span": [18, 161]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078072-0001-0000", "contents": "1960 FAMAS Awards\nBiyaya ng Lupa of LVN Pictures was the most nominated film of the year with 12 nominations. However, it only manages to win 2 awards including the most coveted FAMAS Award for Best Picture. Kamandag of Sampaguita Pictures won the most awards (7 wins), including best actor (Van de Leon), Best director (Jose De Villa) and Best Supporting Actress (Marlene Dauden).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [17, 17], "content_span": [18, 381]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078072-0002-0000", "contents": "1960 FAMAS Awards\nBiyaya ng Lupa was also screened and nominated for Golden Bear at the 10th Berlin International Film Festival", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [17, 17], "content_span": [18, 127]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078073-0000-0000", "contents": "1960 FIVB Volleyball Men's World Championship\nThe 1960 FIVB Men's World Championship was the fourth edition of the tournament, organised by the world's governing body, the FIVB. It was held from 28 October to 11 November 1960 in Brazil.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 45], "section_span": [45, 45], "content_span": [46, 236]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078073-0001-0000", "contents": "1960 FIVB Volleyball Men's World Championship, Results, Final round\nThe results and the points of the matches between the same teams that were already played during the first round are taken into account for the final round.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 45], "section_span": [47, 67], "content_span": [68, 224]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078074-0000-0000", "contents": "1960 FIVB Volleyball Women's World Championship\nThe 1960 FIVB Women's World Championship was the third edition of the tournament, organised by the world's governing body, the FIVB. It was held from 29 October to 13 November 1960 in Brazil.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 47], "section_span": [47, 47], "content_span": [48, 239]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078074-0001-0000", "contents": "1960 FIVB Volleyball Women's World Championship, Format\nThe tournament was played in two different stages (first and final rounds). In the First round, the 10 participants were divided in three groups (one group of four teams and two groups of three teams). A single round-robin format was played within each group to determine the teams group position, all teams progressed to the next round.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 47], "section_span": [49, 55], "content_span": [56, 393]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078074-0002-0000", "contents": "1960 FIVB Volleyball Women's World Championship, Format\nIn the Final round, two groups were created (1st-6th and 7th-10th), teams were allocated to a group according to their First round group position (best two teams of each group going to 1st-6th and the remaining teams to 7th-10th). A single round-robin format was played within each group with matches already played between teams in the First round also counted in this round.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 47], "section_span": [49, 55], "content_span": [56, 432]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078074-0003-0000", "contents": "1960 FIVB Volleyball Women's World Championship, Results, Final round\nThe results and the points of the matches between the same teams that were already played during the first round are taken into account for the final round.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 47], "section_span": [49, 69], "content_span": [70, 226]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078075-0000-0000", "contents": "1960 Falkland Islands general election\nThe Falkland Islands general election of 1960 was held on 24 and 25 March 1960 to elect members to the Legislative Council. Four out of the twelve Councillors were elected through universal suffrage, two from Stanley and one each from East Falkland and West Falkland. The Legislative Council was intended to be dissolved on 29 February 1960 but to suit farming arrangements it was dissolved almost two months early, on 2 January.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [38, 38], "content_span": [39, 468]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078075-0001-0000", "contents": "1960 Falkland Islands general election, Results\nCandidates in bold were elected. Candidates in italic were incumbents.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 47], "content_span": [48, 118]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078076-0000-0000", "contents": "1960 Five Nations Championship\nThe 1960 Five Nations Championship was the thirty-first series of the rugby union Five Nations Championship. Including the previous incarnations as the Home Nations and Five Nations, this was the sixty-sixth series of the northern hemisphere rugby union championship. Ten matches were played between 9 January and 9 April. It was contested by England, France, Ireland, Scotland and Wales.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [30, 30], "content_span": [31, 419]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078076-0001-0000", "contents": "1960 Five Nations Championship\nThe championship was jointly won by England and France. Both teams beat Ireland, Scotland and Wales and the France-England game was drawn 3-3, giving both teams a total of 7 points in the final table. There was no tie-break in the Five Nations at the time and the championship was shared. England's three wins gave them the Triple Crown for the fourteenth time; they would not win it again until the 1980 Five Nations Championship.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [30, 30], "content_span": [31, 462]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078077-0000-0000", "contents": "1960 Florida A&M Rattlers football team\nThe 1960 Florida A&M Rattlers football team was an American football team that represented Florida A&M University as a member of the Southern Intercollegiate Athletic Conference (SIAC) during the 1960 NCAA College  Division football season. In their 16th season under head coach Jake Gaither, the Rattlers compiled a 9\u20131 record, including a victory over Langston in the Orange Blossom Classic. The team was ranked No. 5 in the final 1960 UPI coaches small college poll. The team played its home games at Bragg Memorial Stadium in Tallahassee, Florida.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [39, 39], "content_span": [40, 591]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078077-0001-0000", "contents": "1960 Florida A&M Rattlers football team\nThe team's 97 points and 14 touchdowns against Bethune\u2013Cookman remain school records. The 1960 Rattlers also broke an NAIA scoring record with 475 points in nine regular season games (52.7 points per game).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [39, 39], "content_span": [40, 246]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078077-0002-0000", "contents": "1960 Florida A&M Rattlers football team\nScatback Clarence Childs was selected as the captain of the All-SIAC team. Other key players included quarterback Emory Collier, halfback Robert Paremore, fullback Hewritt Dixon, and center Curt Miranda.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [39, 39], "content_span": [40, 243]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078078-0000-0000", "contents": "1960 Florida Gators football team\nThe 1960 Florida Gators football team represented the University of Florida during the 1960 NCAA University Division football season. The season was Ray Graves' first of ten and one of his three most successful as the head coach of the Florida Gators football team. Graves' 1960 Florida Gators finished with a 9\u20132 overall record a 5\u20131 record in the Southeastern Conference (SEC), placing second among the twelve SEC teams\u2014their best-ever SEC finish to date.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [33, 33], "content_span": [34, 491]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078078-0001-0000", "contents": "1960 Florida Gators football team, Before the season\nGraves was a former Tennessee Volunteers lineman and assistant under coach Robert Neyland, and became a long-time Georgia Tech Yellow Jackets defensive assistant for coach Bobby Dodd. Graves' arrival in Gainesville heralded a change in the Gators' football outlook: no longer would the Gators espouse Bob Woodruff's conservative, ball control, \"go for the tie\" philosophy.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 52], "content_span": [53, 425]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078078-0002-0000", "contents": "1960 Florida Gators football team, Postseason\nThe Gators capped their first-ever nine-win season with a hard-fought 13\u201312 victory over the twelfth-ranked Baylor Bears in the Gator Bowl on New Year's Eve 1960. In the Gator Bowl, the Gators defense halted a 75-yard drive by Baylor on the half-yard line in the first quarter, then set the stage for two second quarter touchdowns. Baylor dropped a pass for the two-point conversion and the win, and quarterback Libertore was voted game MVP.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 45], "content_span": [46, 487]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078079-0000-0000", "contents": "1960 Florida State Seminoles football team\nThe 1960 Florida State Seminoles football team represented Florida State University in the 1960 NCAA University Division football season. In 1960, Bill Peterson became head coach, and he coached 11 seasons, and compiled a 62\u201342\u201311 record.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 42], "section_span": [42, 42], "content_span": [43, 281]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078080-0000-0000", "contents": "1960 Florida gubernatorial election\nThe 1960 Florida gubernatorial election was held on November 8, 1960. Democratic nominee C. Farris Bryant defeated Republican nominee George C. Petersen with 59.85% of the vote.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [35, 35], "content_span": [36, 213]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078081-0000-0000", "contents": "1960 Football Cup of Ukrainian SSR among KFK\nThe 1960 Football Cup of Ukrainian SSR among KFK  was the annual season of Ukraine's football knockout competition for amateur football teams.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [44, 44], "content_span": [45, 187]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078082-0000-0000", "contents": "1960 Force Publique mutiny\nOn 5 July 1960, soldiers of the garrisons of L\u00e9opoldville and Thysville of the Force Publique, the army of the newly independent Democratic Republic of the Congo (then Republic of the Congo) mutinied against their white officers. The revolt quickly spread throughout the Lower Congo and engulfed the country in disorder, beginning the Congo Crisis.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [26, 26], "content_span": [27, 375]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078082-0001-0000", "contents": "1960 Force Publique mutiny, Background\nThe Force Publique was long characterised by repressive police actions and entrenched racial segregation. With the exception of 10 adjutants appointed shortly before independence, no Congolese soldier was able to advance past the rank of sergeant. Many hoped that independence would result in immediate promotions and material gains, but were disappointed by Prime Minister Patrice Lumumba's slow pace of reform. The rank-and-file felt that the Congolese political class\u2014particularly ministers in the new government\u2014were enriching themselves while failing to improve the troops' situation.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [28, 38], "content_span": [39, 628]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078082-0001-0001", "contents": "1960 Force Publique mutiny, Background\nThere was dissatisfaction that Lumumba had appointed an unpopular colonel, van Hoorebeke, to a high post in the Ministry of Defence, and the troops from \u00c9quateur and southern Kasai were additionally upset that Jean Bolikango and Albert Kalonji were not included in the new government. Many of the soldiers were also fatigued from maintaining order during the elections and participating in independence celebrations.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [28, 38], "content_span": [39, 455]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078082-0002-0000", "contents": "1960 Force Publique mutiny, Background\nOn 27 June the Lumumba Government established a committee to draft a Treaty of Friendship, Assistance, and Co-operation to be signed with Belgium. It stipulated that the Belgian civil servants in the Congo and the Belgian officers of the Force Publique would remain at their posts and receive compensation from the Belgian government. It also allowed for Belgian metropolitan troops to continue to garrison the bases of Kitona and Kamina until another agreement could arrange the installations' handover to the Congolese government. The text of the treaty was hurriedly finished and on 29 June the agreement was signed by Belgian Prime Minister Gaston Eyskens, Belgian Foreign Minister Pierre Wigny, Lumumba, and Congolese Minister of Foreign Affairs Justin Bomboko.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [28, 38], "content_span": [39, 805]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078082-0003-0000", "contents": "1960 Force Publique mutiny, Background\nIndependence Day, 30 June 1960, was a Thursday. It was followed by a long weekend of festivities that occurred in relative calm across the country. In L\u00e9opoldville, the capital, sporadic fighting took place between factions that were dissatisfied by the result of presidential election. On the morning of 4 July workers in Coquilhatville, the capital of \u00c9quateur Province, began striking. The Force Publique was called into service and opened fire on the crowds, killing nine. The strikebreaking action was the last official undertaking of the Force before the mutiny began. That same day the Congolese cabinet convened to discuss reforming the national institutions. They resolved to establish a committee to examine reorganisation of the army, paying special attention to eliminating racial discrimination.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [28, 38], "content_span": [39, 847]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078082-0004-0000", "contents": "1960 Force Publique mutiny, Background\nMeanwhile, at Camp L\u00e9opold II, the chief military installation in L\u00e9opoldville, officers observed a high level of excitement among the Congolese ranks. One non-commissioned officer began telling his fellow soldiers that since the Congo was independent they were not required to adhere to the Belgians' orders. At 17:00 General \u00c9mile Janssens, commander-in-chief of the Force Publique, arrived and personally demoted him. Three undisciplined soldiers were placed in a holding cell, though two were provisionally released to Secretary of State for National Defence Albert Nyembo, who was informed of the incident. In the evening Janssens heard on a radio broadcast of the government's intent to set up a committee to reorganise the army. He was outraged that he had not been consulted.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [28, 38], "content_span": [39, 822]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078082-0005-0000", "contents": "1960 Force Publique mutiny, The mutiny\nOn the morning of 5 July General Janssens, in response to increasing unrest among the Congolese ranks, summoned all troops on duty at Camp L\u00e9opold II. He demanded that the army maintain its discipline and wrote \"before independence = after independence\" on a black board to emphasise that the situation would not change. That evening the Congolese sacked the canteen in protest of Janssens. He alerted the reserve garrison of Camp Hardy, 95 miles away in Thysville. The officers tried organising a convoy to send to Camp L\u00e9opold II to restore order, but the men mutinied and seized the armoury. The \"Congo Crisis\" which followed would come to dominate the tenure of the Lumumba Government.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [28, 38], "content_span": [39, 728]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078082-0006-0000", "contents": "1960 Force Publique mutiny, The mutiny\nThe following morning some groups of soldiers drove from Thysville to Inkisi, Madimba, and Mbanza-Boma, spreading the mutiny and raping two women. Meanwhile, Janssens finalised plans to attack Camp Hardy and had alerted the commander of the Belgian metropolitan troops in the Congo. The government countermanded his order and instead dispatched Mobutu, Charles Kisolokele, and the Vice President of L\u00e9opoldville Province to negotiate with the mutineers. They succeeded in releasing the captive Europeans and began evacuating them to the capital.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [28, 38], "content_span": [39, 584]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078082-0006-0001", "contents": "1960 Force Publique mutiny, The mutiny\nBands of angry soldiers roamed the capital, and Lumumba interrupted a cabinet meeting at his residence to invite one group to share its grievances. In an attempt to placate the mutinous troops, he dismissed Janssens and promoted every soldier by one grade. He also dismissed the Belgian officer in charge of the S\u00fbret\u00e9 and forced him into exile, precipitating a collapse of the organisation completed by the departure of most other Belgian personnel. In L\u00e9opoldville, several Congolese soldiers had been convinced that Lumumba had brought Soviet troops into the country to disarm the Force Publique.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [28, 38], "content_span": [39, 638]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078082-0006-0002", "contents": "1960 Force Publique mutiny, The mutiny\nAngered by this, they stormed the hotel rooms of the Soviet delegation (which had been present for the independence celebrations). Upon hearing what had occurred, Lumumba directed Bomboko to assume responsibility of the security of all foreign delegations present in the Congo and ensure that the Soviets could safely leave the country. Bomboko ordered Minister-Delegate to the United Nations Thomas Kanza to escort the delegation to N'djili Airport where they both convinced the Congolese soldiers to allow the Soviets to depart in peace.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [28, 38], "content_span": [39, 578]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078082-0007-0000", "contents": "1960 Force Publique mutiny, The mutiny\nOn 7 July formal negotiations between the mutineers and the government on the reorganisation of army began. A delegation of Congolese soldiers met with Lumumba to demand immediate wage increases, promotions, and the dismissal of their white officers. The government became even more concerned about the situation when a ministerial car was stoned. Though the situation in the capital was relatively calm, anxiety grew among the European community, which began to arms itself with weapons from illegal stockpiles. Belgian civilians began seeking passage to the French Congo or refuge in the Belgian embassy to await repatriation. Bomboko and Minister Resident in Belgium Albert Delvaux devoted much of their time to assisting them. The provincial presidents, who had been summoned to the capital, met with the Council of Ministers to discuss domestic security in the context of the mutiny.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [28, 38], "content_span": [39, 927]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078082-0008-0000", "contents": "1960 Force Publique mutiny, The mutiny, Government response\nOn 8 July the full Council of Ministers convened in an extraordinary session under the chairmanship of Kasa-Vubu at Camp L\u00e9opold II in L\u00e9opoldville to address the task of Africanising the garrison. By then the severity of the mutiny had convinced the ministers that radical reform was necessary in order to maintain the army's discipline. The soldiers on guard prevented them from leaving until they had decided upon their course of action. The Council first heard soldier delegations' grievances; the root cause of their dissatisfaction was that the army's leadership was wholly European despite independence from Belgium.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [28, 59], "content_span": [60, 683]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078082-0008-0001", "contents": "1960 Force Publique mutiny, The mutiny, Government response\nAfter allowing for the election of a new commandant for the garrison, the ministers debated over who would make a suitable army chief of staff. The two main candidates for the post were Maurice Mpolo and Mobutu. The former had shown some influence over the mutinying troops, but Kasa-Vubu and the Bakongo ministers feared that he would enact a coup d'\u00e9tat if he were given power. The latter was perceived as calmer and more thoughtful.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [28, 59], "content_span": [60, 495]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078082-0009-0000", "contents": "1960 Force Publique mutiny, The mutiny, Government response\nLumumba saw Mpolo as courageous, but favored Mobutu's prudence. As the discussions continued, the cabinet began to divide themselves according to who they preferred to serve as chief of staff. Lumumba wanted to keep both men in his government and wished to avoid upsetting one of their camps of supporters. During a break he asked Thomas Kanza whether he thought his father, Daniel Kanza, might ultimately make an optimal chief of staff. Though Thomas Kanza told him that Kasa-Vubu and the Bakongo ministers would never accept such a proposal, Lumumba introduced the idea when the ministers reconvened.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [28, 59], "content_span": [60, 662]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078082-0009-0001", "contents": "1960 Force Publique mutiny, The mutiny, Government response\nKasa-Vubu received the idea in silence, implying his deep displeasure, and Bomboko, Jacques Lumbala, and Delvaux all continuously pushed for Mobutu to be made chief of staff. In the end Mobutu was given the role and awarded the rank of colonel. The ministers then decided that the Minister of Defence should appoint a Congolese sergeant major to replace Janssens as commander-in-chief of the army with the rank of general. Lumumba, at the suggestion of R\u00e9my Mwamba, selected Victor Lundula for the role.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [28, 59], "content_span": [60, 563]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078082-0009-0002", "contents": "1960 Force Publique mutiny, The mutiny, Government response\nIn addition to the appointments a state committee for the army\u2014officially renamed the Arm\u00e9e Nationale Congolaise (ANC)\u2014was formed and put under the charge of a Congolese officer. It was further determined that the President would ex officio be the supreme commander of the military, the Prime Minister and Minister of Defence would control the army in a structure approved by Parliament, and all army units would be placed under the command of Congolese officers. Delegations were to be dispatched across the country to implement the latter reform. The ministers resolved to retain all Belgian officers \"prepared to serve the Congo loyally\" and guarantee the security of their income, families, and property so they could act as advisers to their successors.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [28, 59], "content_span": [60, 818]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078082-0010-0000", "contents": "1960 Force Publique mutiny, The mutiny, Government response\nThe ministers decided it would be best to publicise their decisions as soon as possible. Immediately after the Council adjourned the garrison of Camp L\u00e9opold II was summoned to the barrack square. Lumumba, acting in his capacity as Minister of Defence, announced the actions the government was taking to address the army's grievances. A communique was distributed by the secretariat of the Council of Ministers to the press and radio, summarising the government's decisions. The Congolese soldiers were satisfied with them and tensions relaxed. Nevertheless, European civilians continued to try and flee the country.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [28, 59], "content_span": [60, 676]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078082-0011-0000", "contents": "1960 Force Publique mutiny, The mutiny, Government response\nOn 9 July the government delegations left the capital to oversee the Africanisation of the ANC. Mobutu traveled to \u00c9quateur and while he was there Mpolo acted as ANC Chief of Staff. Kasa-Vubu and Lumumba went directly to Matadi where tensions were quickly worsening. From that point until later in the month the two worked closely with one another and made most major decisions together. After appointing a new garrison commander, supervising the election of other officers, and securing the release of captive Europeans, the pair left the city to inspect other units throughout the Lower Congo.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [28, 59], "content_span": [60, 655]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078082-0011-0001", "contents": "1960 Force Publique mutiny, The mutiny, Government response\nEuropean officers handed over control to the Congolese in Kivu and Orientale without incident (the smooth transfer of power in the former owing to good co-ordination between the officers there and Provincial President Jean Miruho), but the military situation in Kasai and Katanga remained tense and was marked by violence. The government's decision to Africanise the army caused anxiety in the civilian populace of the latter province, which feared such a reform would result in the collapse of domestic security. The provincial government refused to support Africanisation and appealed directly to Belgium to intervene to resolve the situation. The troops subsequently mutinied, both in an attempt to dislodge their officers and to try and ensure that the Katangese provincial government could not effect a secession.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [28, 59], "content_span": [60, 878]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078082-0012-0000", "contents": "1960 Force Publique mutiny, Belgian intervention\nMeanwhile in Brussels, news of conflict and abuses against Europeans brought public pressure against the Belgian government to take action. Walter Ganshof van der Meersch and August de Schryver were sent to L\u00e9opoldville with an ultimatum for Lumumba: either a formal request for Belgian military assistance could be made or metropolitan troops would act on their own initiative to protect Belgian citizens. The Belgian ambassador, Jean van den Bosch, urged his government to avoid the latter at all costs.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [28, 48], "content_span": [49, 554]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078082-0012-0001", "contents": "1960 Force Publique mutiny, Belgian intervention\nAs Lumumba was not in the capital, Ganshof and de Schryver met with other ministers in an attempt to persuade them to agree to a military intervention. Discussions continued late into the evening and though some members of cabinet appeared receptive, Deputy Prime Minister Gizenga was obstinately opposed to such action and ultimately refused to consent. Overnight orders to intervene were delivered several times to the Belgian troops at Kamina base only to be repeatedly countermanded by the government. Lumumba and Kasa-Vubu were informed of the planned intervention and, though initially receptive to the idea, were disturbed that the Belgian government would not make guarantees regarding respect for Congolese sovereignty and subsequently asked that all Belgian troops be withdrawn from Congolese soil.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [28, 48], "content_span": [49, 857]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078082-0013-0000", "contents": "1960 Force Publique mutiny, Belgian intervention\nRegardless, the Belgians' decision to intervene ultimately prevailed and at 06:00 on 10 July metropolitan troops from Kamina flew into \u00c9lisabethville, the capital of Katanga Province, and occupied the local airport. Later that morning Bomboko met with fleeing Belgians at N'djili Airport. While there he declared that the Belgian intervention had been made at his request, though this was most likely untrue and probably only said to ease tensions. In the afternoon Lumumba and Kasa-Vubu returned to the capital having successfully quelled the unrest in the Lower Congo and convinced that negotiation could resolve the situation.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [28, 48], "content_span": [49, 678]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078082-0013-0001", "contents": "1960 Force Publique mutiny, Belgian intervention\nLater they decided to solicit aid from the UN in restructuring the Force Publique. Ministers of the cabinet met with UN representative Ralph Bunche to discuss what technical assistance the UN could offer to the Congolese administration. Bunche shortly thereafter informed Hammarskj\u00f6ld of the Congolese government's intended request. By evening Lumumba had learned of the Belgian intervention in \u00c9lisabethville. He was furious that the Belgians had acted contrary to the Treaty of Friendship and delivered a response over radio:", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [28, 48], "content_span": [49, 576]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078082-0014-0000", "contents": "1960 Force Publique mutiny, Belgian intervention\nWe have just learnt that the Belgian government has sent troops to the Congo and that they have intervened. The responsibility of Belgium is great. We protest bitterly against these measures which prejudice good relations between our countries. We appeal to all Congolese to defend our Republic against those who threaten it.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [28, 48], "content_span": [49, 374]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078082-0015-0000", "contents": "1960 Force Publique mutiny, Belgian intervention\nExtract from Lumumba's letter to the Belgian consul-general, 11 July 1960", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [28, 48], "content_span": [49, 122]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078082-0016-0000", "contents": "1960 Force Publique mutiny, Belgian intervention\nAt the same time the Belgians launched a second intervention in Luluabourg. On 11 July Lumumba and Kasa-Vubu flew to the town. After overseeing the election of new officers for the garrison, Lumumba joined Kasa-Vubu in admonishing the Europeans to stay. Most refused to do so unless they had the protection of the Belgian troops. After lengthy negotiation Lumumba agreed to the condition and communicated to the Belgian consul-general that the force could remain in the province of Kasa\u00ef for two months.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [28, 48], "content_span": [49, 552]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078082-0016-0001", "contents": "1960 Force Publique mutiny, Belgian intervention\nBack in L\u00e9opoldville, Ganshof and de Schryver continued to meet with the ministers with the hopes of establishing a mutual guarantee of security for both Europeans and Africans. Then, for reasons not entirely clear, Belgian units intervened in Matadi. Fighting broke out and 12 Congolese were killed. News of the conflict (along with exaggerated casualty reports) spread to other army camps across the country, resulting in a wave of renewed mutinies and anti-Belgian hostility.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [28, 48], "content_span": [49, 527]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078082-0017-0000", "contents": "1960 Force Publique mutiny, Belgian intervention\nBetween 10 and 18 July, Belgian forces intervened 28 times in Congolese localities. With the exception of the Luluabourg authorisation, the Belgian troops never acted with the permission of the government. Order was ultimately restored largely through the use of the gendarmerie, a more wieldy and reliable institution than the army.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [28, 48], "content_span": [49, 382]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078082-0018-0000", "contents": "1960 Force Publique mutiny, Aftermath and effects\nThe Force Publique mutiny increased the unpopularity of the army and cost the government a significant amount of support in rural areas. The insecurity they caused also impeded economic production and the distribution of goods and distracted the leadership from addressing other problems facing the administration.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [28, 49], "content_span": [50, 364]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078082-0019-0000", "contents": "1960 Force Publique mutiny, Aftermath and effects\nThe revolt was the first of many army mutinies that occurred in African states in the 1960s. In the Congo itself, Colonel Mobutu would go on to seize power later in 1960 in a coup d'\u00e9tat, establishing the College of Commissioners-General, which ran the government in 1960-61 under his authority. Five years later Mobutu seized power for a second time, ushering in first quasi-military but then a civilian government. His rule lasted until 1997.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [28, 49], "content_span": [50, 494]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078083-0000-0000", "contents": "1960 Ford\nThe mainstream full-sized Ford line of cars from 1960 to 1964 was now complemented by a variety of other Fords, including the Thunderbird and compact Falcon, and from 1962 the midsized Fairlane. So the mainline car grew even more, now riding on a 119\u00a0in (3023\u00a0mm) wheelbase. The engines were carried over from the 1959 Ford, as was the basic chassis design, but the sheetmetal was modern. The retracting Skyliner hardtop was gone, though the Sunliner convertible remained, and the Fairlane name would last only two years before migrating to a new midsize model.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 9], "section_span": [9, 9], "content_span": [10, 571]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078083-0001-0000", "contents": "1960 Ford, 1960\nThe 1960 Ford looked all-new with twin headlights riding in a scalloped-square front clip. The Fairlane was now the base model in the full-sized lineup, along with the Fairlane 500, Galaxie and range-topping Starliner. The Station Wagon Series continued with Ranch Wagon, Country Sedan and Country Squire models. The elegant Starliner 2-door hardtop was Ford's choice for NASCAR racing. The 1960 fullsize Fords abandoned the ostentatious ornamentation of the 1950s for a futuristic, sleek look. Round taillights were replaced by half-moon shaped taillights for 1960 only.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 9], "section_span": [11, 15], "content_span": [16, 587]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078083-0001-0001", "contents": "1960 Ford, 1960\nThere were tailfins still, but smaller ones \u2013 the focus of Ford's stylists abandoning, as did the rest of the industry, the aviation influences of the previous decade and instead capturing the new obsession \u2013 the Space Race. The Galaxie name was particularly appealing to this trend, it seems. Windshield wipers were extended to cover more of the windshield. Ford also introduced the center rear fuel door lid. Engines offered for 1960 were the 223 cubic inch six and 292 & 352 V8s.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 9], "section_span": [11, 15], "content_span": [16, 498]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078083-0001-0002", "contents": "1960 Ford, 1960\nWith the change in dimensions from 1959, the New York Times described the 1960 full-size Ford as the \"longest, lowest, and widest in the fifty-six year history of the Ford Motor Company.\" The car ran afoul of regulations in many states, where vehicles wider than eighty inches were typically trucks, which had lighting requirements not mandated for passenger cars.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 9], "section_span": [11, 15], "content_span": [16, 380]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078083-0002-0000", "contents": "1960 Ford, 1961\nThe scalloped hood was gone for 1961, as the sheetmetal was revised for a cleaner look. This time, the tailfins were almost gone; replacing them, two giant circular taillights at each rear corner, glowing like an afterburner. Ford was definitely going with the space and science-fiction theme, and with successful results; this style of Galaxie is widely regarded as a classic. A new 390\u00a0CID (6.4\u00a0L) FE V8 was added with a claimed 401\u00a0hp (298\u00a0kW) gross output in triple-two-barrel carburetor form. A trunk release button was optional.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 9], "section_span": [11, 15], "content_span": [16, 550]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078083-0003-0000", "contents": "1960 Ford, 1962\nWith the Fairlane and Fairlane 500 names shifted to a new intermediate-sized model range for 1962, the full-size Ford lineup consisted of the Galaxie, new Galaxie 500 and Galaxie 500XL models and the Station Wagon Series. Also new was a 406\u00a0CID (6.7\u00a0L) version of Ford's FE mid-sized V8 rated at 405\u00a0hp (302\u00a0kW). Bucket seats were everywhere in 1962 \u2013 sold as \"The Lively Ones\", the XL series added buckets to the Sunliner convertible and hardtop coupe.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 9], "section_span": [11, 15], "content_span": [16, 469]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078083-0003-0001", "contents": "1960 Ford, 1962\nThe slow-selling Starliner semi-hardtop coupe was cancelled, leaving Ford no choice than to compete in stock car racing with the Club Victoria, which had a formal roofline. Their top speed was lower than the 1961s because of the inferior aerodynamics. Trying to come up with a quick solution, Ford attempted to enter the Starlift, which was a Sunliner convertible with a removable roof with a curved roofline similar to the 1960\u201361 Starliner. NASCAR banned the Starlift from competition, and few if any were actually produced. It is said that the windows could not be rolled up on the Starlift when the top was on, as the windows were the stock Sunliner windows which did not fit the roofline.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 9], "section_span": [11, 15], "content_span": [16, 709]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078083-0004-0000", "contents": "1960 Ford, 1963\nFord rolled into 1963 with a NASCAR-winning Galaxie and a 427\u00a0CID (7\u00a0L) FE V8 sporting either 410\u00a0hp (306\u00a0kW) or 425\u00a0hp (317\u00a0kW). A new hardtop coupe body was added to the Galaxie range, and the base model became known as the 300.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 9], "section_span": [11, 15], "content_span": [16, 246]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078083-0005-0000", "contents": "1960 Ford, 1963\nThe hardtop coupe sported a lower, fastback roofline and was added mid year to improve looks and make the big cars more competitive on the NASCAR tracks. This 63\u00bd model was called the \"Sports Roof\" hardtop.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 9], "section_span": [11, 15], "content_span": [16, 222]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078083-0006-0000", "contents": "1960 Ford, 1963\nFord took the 427\u00a0CID (7.0\u00a0L) equipped Galaxie to the dragstrip in serious fashion beginning in 1963, building a number of lightweight cars just for that purpose. They featured fiberglass fenders, doors, trunklid and aluminum bumpers. Rated conservatively at 425\u00a0hp (317\u00a0kW), this engine also featured in Carroll Shelby's final incarnation of the AC Cobra.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 9], "section_span": [11, 15], "content_span": [16, 372]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078083-0007-0000", "contents": "1960 Ford, 1963\nThe Ranch Wagon name was transferred to the Ford Fairlane range for 1963, leaving only the Country Sedan and Country Squire models in the full-size Ford Station Wagon Series.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 9], "section_span": [11, 15], "content_span": [16, 190]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078083-0008-0000", "contents": "1960 Ford, 1964\nThe final year of the 1960 full-size Fords was 1964, with the 300 base model again using the Custom name. The base Galaxie was now called \"Custom 500.\" The Sports Roof was continued for all hardtop coupes. In addition, new sloped rooflines were introduced for all non-wagon '64 big Fords. Interior trim was new, including new thin-shell bucket seats for all XL models. The instrument panel remained the same, except for the ignition switch, which was moved from left of the steering column, to the right. External styling was once again refreshed, with a more sculptured body that was supposed to reduce drag at high speeds, no doubt done for NASCAR.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 9], "section_span": [11, 15], "content_span": [16, 666]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078083-0009-0000", "contents": "1960 Ford, 1964\nUnder the hood, the 427\u00a0CID (7.0\u00a0L) engine carried on the high performance duties. Ford again took the 427-equipped Galaxie to the racetracks in serious fashion in 1964, building a number of lightweight, fiberglass equipped cars just for that purpose. These competed with success not only in North America but also in the United Kingdom. Initial doubts as to their competitiveness in Britain were short-lived; despite their great size and weight compared to the opposition, the Ford 427 engine gave them a competitive power-to-weight ratio and the handling was better than might have been supposed. They were raced in Europe reasonably successfully.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 9], "section_span": [11, 15], "content_span": [16, 665]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078083-0010-0000", "contents": "1960 Ford, 1964\nLate in the year Ford introduced their new engine challenger, the SOHC 427 Cammer, Though it is not documented it is believed a few may have found their way onto the street. (This engine was only available to racers through the dealer network or from the manufacturer, none were ever factory installed)  Rated at over 600\u00a0hp (447\u00a0kW), this is possibly the most powerful engine ever fitted to a production car by an American manufacturer.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 9], "section_span": [11, 15], "content_span": [16, 453]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078083-0010-0001", "contents": "1960 Ford, 1964\nNASCAR changed the rules, however, requiring (instead of hundreds) thousands of production examples in service to qualify for the next season, and Ford decided against producing the Cammer in that quantity. Fears of liability concerns and the bad publicity possibilities in giving the public a car that was so dangerously powerful are often cited as reasons, but it might simply have been that Ford doubted that an engine so unsuited to street use could sell in such numbers.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 9], "section_span": [11, 15], "content_span": [16, 491]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078083-0011-0000", "contents": "1960 Ford, 1964\nThe 1964s represent a high point in early 1960s Ford quality, durability, and styling. They were not only enormously popular, but proved to be so durable that many continued to run well past the 100,000 mile mark without a major overhaul. Holman & Moody continued to supply high-performance equipment for the big '64 Fords, giving them wins at NASCAR.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 9], "section_span": [11, 15], "content_span": [16, 367]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078084-0000-0000", "contents": "1960 Formula One season\nThe 1960 Formula One season was the 14th season of the FIA's Formula One motor racing. It featured the 11th FIA World Championship of Drivers, the third International Cup for F1 Manufacturers and numerous non-championship Formula One races. The World Championship commenced on 7 February and ended on 20 November after ten races. Jack Brabham won his second consecutive title with his Cooper team defending its constructors' title.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [23, 23], "content_span": [24, 455]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078084-0001-0000", "contents": "1960 Formula One season, Season summary\nThe last year of the 2.5 litre formula produced repeat victories for Jack Brabham and Cooper, and saw Lotus, Porsche, and BRM campaigning rear-engined cars. Lance Reventlow's Scarabs, like the Aston Martins, were front-engined and outclassed. Stirling Moss' Rob Walker Lotus gave Colin Chapman his first Grand Prix win at Monaco and followed it with a victory in the USA. All other Grands Prix went to Cooper, except for the Italian which was boycotted by the British constructors since the Italians were using Monza's banked circuit.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 39], "content_span": [40, 574]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078084-0002-0000", "contents": "1960 Formula One season, Season summary\nThe points-scoring system was changed with the point for fastest lap being dropped and a point given for sixth place. The best six scores counted towards the championship, increased from five from the previous season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 39], "content_span": [40, 257]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078084-0003-0000", "contents": "1960 Formula One season, Season summary\nIt was the last World Championship to include the Indianapolis 500, and the last season which saw a victory for a front-engined car in a World Championship race.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 39], "content_span": [40, 201]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078084-0004-0000", "contents": "1960 Formula One season, Season summary\nThree drivers died in this season of Grand Prix racing. American Harry Schell in a non-championship race at Silverstone, and Britons Chris Bristow & Alan Stacey, both killed at the Belgian Grand Prix at Spa-Francorchamps. Stirling Moss was severely injured in a practice accident at this event and did not compete for most of the season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 39], "content_span": [40, 377]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078084-0005-0000", "contents": "1960 Formula One season, Teams and drivers\nThe following teams and drivers competed in the 1960 FIA World Championship.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 42], "content_span": [43, 119]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078084-0006-0000", "contents": "1960 Formula One season, Calendar, Calendar Changes\nThe Argentine Grand Prix returned to the calendar for 1960, the 1959 race was cancelled because of heroes such as Juan Manuel Fangio and Jose Froilan Gonzalez having retired plus there was no local interest in the race.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 51], "content_span": [52, 271]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078084-0007-0000", "contents": "1960 Formula One season, Calendar, Calendar Changes\nThe Belgian Grand Prix returned to the calendar for 1960, the 1959 race was cancelled because of a dispute over start money.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 51], "content_span": [52, 176]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078084-0008-0000", "contents": "1960 Formula One season, Calendar, Calendar Changes\nThe British Grand Prix was moved from Aintree to Silverstone, in keeping with the event-sharing arrangement between the two circuits.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 51], "content_span": [52, 185]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078084-0009-0000", "contents": "1960 Formula One season, Calendar, Calendar Changes\nThe Portuguese Grand Prix was moved from Circuito de Monsanto to Circuito da Boavista, in keeping with the event-sharing arrangement between the two circuits.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 51], "content_span": [52, 210]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078084-0010-0000", "contents": "1960 Formula One season, Calendar, Calendar Changes\nThe United States Grand Prix was moved from Sebring International Raceway to Riverside International Raceway due to the promoters at Sebring barely broke even in profits.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 51], "content_span": [52, 222]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078084-0011-0000", "contents": "1960 Formula One season, Calendar, Calendar Changes\nThe German Grand Prix was run as a Formula Two race at the N\u00fcrburgring on the S\u00fcdschleife layout.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 51], "content_span": [52, 149]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078084-0012-0000", "contents": "1960 Formula One season, Calendar, Calendar Changes\nThe Moroccan Grand Prix was originally scheduled for 1 October but it was cancelled because of monetary reasons.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 51], "content_span": [52, 164]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078084-0013-0000", "contents": "1960 Formula One season, Season Review, Race 1: Argentina\nThe teams came down to Argentina from Europe in February to start the 1960 season having competed at the last round of the 1959 championship in Sebring, Florida in the United States only 2 months previously. Stirling Moss was on pole position in Buenos Aires in his Rob Walker Cooper-Climax with Team Lotus driver Innes Ireland alongside, although he had been 1.6 seconds slower in qualifying. Completing the four-man front row were the BRMs of Hill and Jo Bonnier. The Lotus team had come out with an all-new mid-engined car, the 18, and were expected to be competitive.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 57], "content_span": [58, 629]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078084-0014-0000", "contents": "1960 Formula One season, Season Review, Race 1: Argentina\nAt the start, Ireland made a fantastic start and had a good lead at the end of the first lap over Bonnier, Graham Hill and Phil Hill (no relation to Graham), who had started from the second row in his Ferrari Dino 246. Moss made a poor start and was eighth at the end of the first lap.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 57], "content_span": [58, 343]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078084-0014-0001", "contents": "1960 Formula One season, Season Review, Race 1: Argentina\nOn the second lap, Ireland spun, and as he was doing this Moss was driving a blinding lap, passing the Cooper of Carlos Menditeguy, Froilan Gonzalez's Ferrari, Jack Brabham's Cooper, Phil Hill's Ferrari and Ireland's Lotus to run third behind Graham Hill and Bonnier. Moss passed Hill on lap 10 and took the lead from Bonnier five laps later. The recovering Ireland also made dramatic progress, passing Brabham and Graham Hill to run third on lap 18. Bonnier attacked Moss for the lead and retook it on lap 21 but 15 laps later Stirling was back ahead. On lap 42.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 57], "content_span": [58, 621]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078084-0014-0002", "contents": "1960 Formula One season, Season Review, Race 1: Argentina\nhe went out with a broken suspension. Bonnier was left nearly a lap ahead of everyone. Ireland was promoted to second but both Graham Hill and Brabham retired and so Bruce McLaren was third. With 12 laps. to go Bonnier suffered engine trouble and Ireland went into the lead only to have his gear-linkage jam and so he too slipped back leaving McLaren to win. Cliff Allison was second for Ferrari while Moss took over Maurice Trintigant's car to take third.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 57], "content_span": [58, 514]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078084-0015-0000", "contents": "1960 Formula One season, Season Review, Race 2: Monaco\nThere had been a non-championship round at the Goodwood circuit near the southern English coast, the Glover Trophy; which was won by Innes Ireland in a Lotus. During this time. most drivers were competing in sportscar races, such as the 12 Hours of Sebring in March; and the Targa Florio and the Nurburgring 1000km in May.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 54], "content_span": [55, 377]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078084-0016-0000", "contents": "1960 Formula One season, Season Review, Race 2: Monaco\nMoss took pole by a second with Jack Brabham's Cooper and Chris Bristow's BRP Cooper alongside, while Jo Bonnier shared the second row with Tony Brooks's BRP Cooper. At the start. Bonnier took the lead with Brabham second and Moss third ahead of Brooks and Bristow in the BRP Coopers. Moss took Brabham on lap 5 and then shadowed Bonnier until lap 17 when he took the lead. Further back Bristow went out with gearbox trouble. Brabham passed Bonnier on lap 20 but the Swede fought back and on lap 27 retook the position.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 54], "content_span": [55, 574]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078084-0016-0001", "contents": "1960 Formula One season, Season Review, Race 2: Monaco\nThe pattern of the race was turned upside-down when rain came. Brabham passed Bonnier and Moss to take the lead while Brooks spun back down the order, leaving McLaren in fourth place battling with Phil Hill. After six laps in the lead, Brabham spun into the wall at Sainte D\u00e9vote and Moss was back in the lead but he had to pit to replace a plug-lead and so Bonnier was back ahead until Moss caught him. Bonnier went out soon afterwards with a broken suspension and G Hill crashed. This meant that McLaren finished second with Phil Hill third and Brooks the only other survivor. Moss went on to win his 2nd Monaco Grand Prix from McLaren and Phil Hill.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 54], "content_span": [55, 707]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078084-0017-0000", "contents": "1960 Formula One season, Season Review, Race 3: Indianapolis 500\nThe Indy 500, on the World Championship calendar for the final time in 1960 was the only race on the calendar not run to FIA regulations. This race, which took place on a holiday-day Monday was won by Jim Rathmann in an Offenhauser-powered Watson chassis after a thrilling battle for the lead with Rodger Ward.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 64], "content_span": [65, 375]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078084-0018-0000", "contents": "1960 Formula One season, Season Review, Race 4: Netherlands\nAlthough there were disputes over prize money and several teams withdrew after qualifying, there was still a decent field for the race with Stirling Moss on pole position in his Walker Lotus-Climax. Jack Brabham was alongside in his Cooper-Climax and Innes Ireland was on the outside of the front row in his factory Lotus 18. The BRMs of Jo Bonnier and Graham Hill shared the second row.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 59], "content_span": [60, 447]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078084-0018-0001", "contents": "1960 Formula One season, Season Review, Race 4: Netherlands\nBrabham made the best start and led Moss and Ireland with Team Lotus's Alan Stacey up from the third row on the grid and Phil Hill sixth in his Ferrari from the fourth row. Stacey passed Ireland on the second lap but Innes soon took back the place while Bruce McLaren moved ahead of Phil Hill in his Cooper. He would retire early with a driveshaft problem. Dan Gurney moved into fifth in his BRM but he crashed at the hairpin after a brake failure. A spectator in a prohibited area was killed.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 59], "content_span": [60, 553]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078084-0018-0002", "contents": "1960 Formula One season, Season Review, Race 4: Netherlands\nJim Clark had made rapid progress in the early laps and took Gurney's fifth place behind his Lotus teammates Ireland and Stacey. On lap 17, Brabham's car threw up part of a curb and this hit Moss's car and caused a puncture and damage to the wheel hub. Moss had to pit for repairs. He drove a storming comeback. Up front the order remained static until Graham Hill passed Clark who retired soon afterwards with gearbox failure. Stacey would disappear with a similar problem later on leaving Hill to finish third, just ahead of the charging Moss. The Ferraris of Phil Hill and Ritchie Ginther were fifth and sixth but were a lap behind the leaders.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 59], "content_span": [60, 707]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078084-0019-0000", "contents": "1960 Formula One season, Season Review, Race 5: Belgium\nThe Belgian Grand Prix of 1960 was one of the most disastrous races in Formula 1 history with the weekend claiming two drivers and two others suffering serious injuries in practice. This race, which took place at the second-fastest and perhaps the most dangerous circuit of the year, the Spa-Francorchamps circuit in the southern part of Belgium saw two big accidents on Friday with Moss suffering an axle failure at the super-fast Burnenville corner and being thrown from the car in the ensuing crash. He broke both his legs.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 55], "content_span": [56, 582]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078084-0019-0001", "contents": "1960 Formula One season, Season Review, Race 5: Belgium\nFormula 1 debutante Mike Taylor suffered a steering failure in his Lotus at the Holowell corner and crashed into trees beside the track suffering multiple injuries which ended his career. Jack Brabham took pole position for Cooper, two and a half seconds faster than the older BRP-run Cooper of Tony Brooks with Phil Hill's Ferrari sharing the front row. Behind them were the BRP Cooper of local hero Olivier Gendebien and Graham Hill's BRM. Come race day, Brabham took the lead at the start, and he would lead from start to finish.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 55], "content_span": [56, 588]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078084-0019-0002", "contents": "1960 Formula One season, Season Review, Race 5: Belgium\nGendebien made a good start to be second but then faded, while Team Lotus's Innes Ireland moved up into second place, although he would disappear soon afterwards with clutch trouble. On lap 20, British BRP Cooper driver Chris Bristow, who was fighting for sixth with the Ferrari of Willy Mairesse, lost control at Malmedy and crashed. He was thrown from the car, landed in some barbed-wire fencing, and was decapitated. Within five laps, Briton Alan Stacey of Team Lotus was also dead, having been hit in the face by a bird near the Masta kink.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 55], "content_span": [56, 600]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078084-0019-0003", "contents": "1960 Formula One season, Season Review, Race 5: Belgium\nHe crashed, his car was launched off an embankment and it landed in a field some 25 feet lower than the track and burst into flames, with Stacey still in the car, where he burned to death. Brabham won the race while Bruce McLaren in the second works Cooper emerged to finish second, giving the company a 1\u20132 finish with Graham Hill third but celebrations were muted. It would remain the blackest weekend in World Championship history until the 1994 San Marino Grand Prix.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 55], "content_span": [56, 527]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078084-0020-0000", "contents": "1960 Formula One season, Season Review, Race 6: France\nThree weeks after the disastrous Belgian GP the World Championship contenders gathered at the super-fast straights of Reims. Stirling Moss was out of action. Tony Brooks had switched from the BRP Cooper team to try the new Vanwall VW11, while Team Lotus had hired Ron Flockhart to replace Alan Stacey. BRP had two new drivers in Henry Taylor and Bruce Halford. In practice both Scarabs blew their engines so neither Lance Reventlow nor Chuck Daigh was able to race. Jack Brabham was on pole position by 1.4 seconds with Phil Hill's Ferrari and Graham Hill's BRM sharing the front row.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 54], "content_span": [55, 639]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078084-0020-0001", "contents": "1960 Formula One season, Season Review, Race 6: France\nBehind them were Innes Ireland's factory Lotus 18 and the Ferrari of Willy Mairesse. At the start, Graham Hill was caught unprepared and as he tried to get the BRM off the line he was hit from behind by the Scuderia Centro Sud Cooper of Maurice Trintignant. There was also a collision between Brooks and Lucien Bianchi's outdated Cooper. The battle for the lead involved Brabham and Phil Hill and the pair switched places lap after lap until Hill began to fade with transmission trouble.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 54], "content_span": [55, 542]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078084-0020-0002", "contents": "1960 Formula One season, Season Review, Race 6: France\nA similar problem took out third-placed Ferrari driver Wolfgang Von Trips and so Brabham was left out in front all by himself. Mairesse too retired with a similar problem and Ireland had to stop with a broken front suspension. Also retiring were the two surviving BRMS of Dan Gurney and Jo Bonnier disappeared with engine trouble. This left Gendebien in the BRP Cooper to take second with Bruce McLaren third in the second factory Cooper and with Taylor finishing fourth in his BRP Cooper the company could boast 1\u20132\u20133\u20134 finish. The Lotuses of Jim Clark and Flockhart finished fifth and sixth.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 54], "content_span": [55, 648]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078084-0021-0000", "contents": "1960 Formula One season, Season Review, Race 7: Britain\nAlthough there was only a fortnight between the French and British GPs there were several changes when the F1 circus arrived at Silverstone. The Vanwall VW11 did not re-appear: Tony Brooks going back to his BRP Cooper and with both Scarabs having blown up at Reims they were not present although Chuck Daigh and Lance Reventlow shared a third factory Cooper, Daigh being faster and thus getting to race.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 55], "content_span": [56, 459]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078084-0021-0001", "contents": "1960 Formula One season, Season Review, Race 7: Britain\nAston Martin showed up with DBR5s for Roy Salvadori and Maurice Trintignant while motorcycle ace John Surtees re-appeared in a works Lotus and there was the usual crop of British privateers including Keith Greene in the Gilby Engineering Cooper-Maserati and Brian Naylor in his JBW-Maserati. Qualifying resulted in pole position for Jack Brabham, a second faster than Graham Hill's BRM with Bruce McLaren's Cooper and Jo Bonnier's BRM making it a balanced front row. The start saw three cars stall: Graham Hill (his second race running) and the two BRP Coopers of Brooks and Henry Taylor.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 55], "content_span": [56, 644]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078084-0021-0002", "contents": "1960 Formula One season, Season Review, Race 7: Britain\nMcLaren was second on the first lap but soon dropped behind Bonnier and the factory Lotus of Innes Ireland. Ireland then passed Bonnier to take second place. Graham Hill drove a storming race from the back of the field and worked his way back, passing Ireland for second after 37 laps and setting off after Brabham. To the delight of the crowd, he caught him and on lap 55 took the lead. Further back Surtees displaced Ireland in third place. Hill had been suffering brake problems for some time and on lap 72, he spun at Copse Corner and was out. Brabham took the lead and five laps later took the chequered flag with Surtees and Ireland second and third for Team Lotus.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 55], "content_span": [56, 727]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078084-0022-0000", "contents": "1960 Formula One season, Season Review, Race 8: Portugal\nWith the German Grand Prix being cancelled after safety concerns and complaints about the general quality of the AVUS track in Berlin, there was a month between the British and Portuguese GPs and at the challenging and dangerous Boavista street circuit in Porto Stirling Moss made his F1 comeback after being out of action since the disastrous Belgian GP in June. The only other change of note was that local hero Mario Cabral was found a drive in the second Scuderia Centro Sud Cooper-Maserati.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 56], "content_span": [57, 552]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078084-0022-0001", "contents": "1960 Formula One season, Season Review, Race 8: Portugal\nIn practice, Henry Taylor crashed his BRP Cooper heavily and injured his arm while Jim Clark smashed up his Lotus in a rare crash. Despite the accident, pole position went to Team Lotus driver John Surtees, who edged out Dan Gurney's BRM by a few hundredths of a second. Jack Brabham was third quickest in his normally-dominant works Cooper. Moss put his Walker Lotus on the second row alongside Graham Hill's BRM. Brabham took the lead at the start but Gurney quickly found a way ahead and then Brabham went wide at one corner and dropped to sixth place.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 56], "content_span": [57, 612]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078084-0022-0002", "contents": "1960 Formula One season, Season Review, Race 8: Portugal\nMoss emerged second with Surtees and Phil Hill in his Ferrari fighting with him. After 10 laps, Gurney dropped back with an oil leak and so Surtees took the lead with Moss in pursuit but he had to stop because of spark plug problems and dropped to the back of the field. He was later disqualified for driving against the direction of the race while trying to get going after a spin.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 56], "content_span": [57, 439]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078084-0022-0003", "contents": "1960 Formula One season, Season Review, Race 8: Portugal\nBrabham had a lively fight with Phil Hill until the American crashed and this became the lead on lap 36 when Surtees went off because oil had leaked onto his pedals. Bruce McLaren came through to finish second to give Cooper another 1\u20132 result with Clark finishing third in his cobbled-together Lotus. Brabham's victory meant that he clinched the World Championship with two races remaining. But this was to be the last Portuguese Grand Prix for 24 years \u2013 the race would not return until 1984.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 56], "content_span": [57, 551]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078084-0023-0000", "contents": "1960 Formula One season, Season Review, Race 9: Italy\nWith the World Championship settled in favour of Jack Brabham and the Italian authorities deciding that the Italian Grand Prix would be held on the combined road and oval course at the Monza Autodrome near Milan (making it the fastest circuit of the year), all the big British teams boycotted the event, citing the fragility, extreme roughness and poor construction of the concrete banking and the field consisted of the works Ferraris, the Coopers of Scuderia Eugenio Castellotti and Scuderia Centro Sud and a few privateers. To increase the size of the field, Formula 2 cars were allowed with Porsche turning up with a pair of 718s for Hans Herrmann and Edgar Barth.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 53], "content_span": [54, 722]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078084-0024-0000", "contents": "1960 Formula One season, Season Review, Race 9: Italy\nThe powerful Ferraris dominated with Phil Hill sharing the front row with fellow American Ritchie Ginther and Willy Mairesse with a couple of Coopers on the second row. In the race, Ginther and Hill led while Mairesse was slowed by team orders to help tow a fourth Ferrari \u2013 an F2 car being driven by Wolfgang Von Trips \u2013 away from the two Porsches. This helped Giulio Cabianca to run third in his Castellotti Cooper. Mairesse eventually made his way back to third place while Hill passed early leader Ginther to win the race. Ferrari finished 1\u20132\u20133 but it was an irrelevant result given the competition.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 53], "content_span": [54, 658]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078084-0025-0000", "contents": "1960 Formula One season, Season Review, Race 10: USA\nThe final World Championship event of the year took place in the United States 10 weeks after the penultimate event and Ferrari did not bother to travel to the Riverside circuit just east of Los Angeles, California but Phil Hill found a ride in a fourth BRP Cooper at his home circuit and Wolfgang Von Trips found a ride in a Cooper-Maserati run by Scuderia Centro Sud.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 52], "content_span": [53, 422]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078084-0025-0001", "contents": "1960 Formula One season, Season Review, Race 10: USA\nIn the sunny and pleasant southern California weather, Ron Flockhart turned up in the third factory Cooper and Jim Hall made his F1 debut in a private Lotus 18 and Chuck Daigh re-appeared in one of Lance Reventlow's Scarabs. Moss, by now recovered from his early season injuries, took pole by 0.6 seconds from World Champion Jack Brabham and Dan Gurney in his BRM. Jo Bonnier's BRM shared the second row with Jim Clark's Lotus.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 52], "content_span": [53, 480]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078084-0025-0002", "contents": "1960 Formula One season, Season Review, Race 10: USA\nBrabham made the best start and led Moss for the first four laps but then he heard an explosion at back end of the car and pitted. He made two stops to try to solve the problem which was traced to overflow petrol hitting the hot exhausts of the Climax engine. Moss moved into the lead when Brabham pitted and he stayed ahead all the way to the chequered flag. Early on, he was chased by Gurney but he went out with plug problems and Bonnier followed, retiring from second with engine trouble.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 52], "content_span": [53, 545]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078084-0025-0003", "contents": "1960 Formula One season, Season Review, Race 10: USA\nThis left Innes Ireland to finish second for Team Lotus with the second factory Cooper of Bruce McLaren third. Brabham finished fourth, a lap behind at the finish. Jim Hall drove a good race to run fourth but he dropped to seventh at the end when his transmission failed and he had to push the car to the finish line. This was the only Grand Prix ever held at the Riverside circuit; 12 Hours of Sebring promoter Alec Ulmann had again broken even on this event just as he had at the previous year's American Grand Prix at Sebring. The US Grand Prix was moved to the Watkins Glen circuit in upstate New York on the other side of the country.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 52], "content_span": [53, 692]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078084-0026-0000", "contents": "1960 Formula One season, Results and standings, World Drivers' Championship standings\nPoints were awarded on an 8\u20136\u20134\u20133\u20132\u20131 basis at each round, with only the best six round results retained.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 85], "content_span": [86, 191]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078084-0027-0000", "contents": "1960 Formula One season, Results and standings, International Cup for F1 Manufacturers standings\nPoints were awarded on an 8\u20136\u20134\u20133\u20132\u20131 basis at each round (excluding the Indianapolis 500), with only the best six results from the nine races retained. Only the best placed car from each manufacturer at each round was eligible to score points.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 96], "content_span": [97, 341]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078084-0028-0000", "contents": "1960 Formula One season, Non-championship races\nOther Formula One races also held in 1960, which did not count towards the World Championship.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 47], "content_span": [48, 142]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078085-0000-0000", "contents": "1960 Formula Two season\nThe 1960 Formula Two season was the last season of 1.5 litre Formula Two racing which was to become Formula One for 1961. Two championships were held over the same five events, the Formula Two Constructors' Championship and the Formula Two Drivers' Championship, in addition to many non-championship Formula Two events. The Constructors' Championship was won in a draw by Cooper-Climax and Porsche, while the Drivers' Championship was won by Jack Brabham.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [23, 23], "content_span": [24, 479]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078085-0001-0000", "contents": "1960 Formula Two season, Season review\nAs 1961 was to see the new 1.5 litre Formula One, some manufacturers used the 1960 Formula Two season as preparation for 1961 the following year. Although it didn't appear in any championship events, Ferrari's first mid/rear-engined racing car, the Ferrari 156, appeared in non-championship events, notably winning the Solitude Grand Prix against strong opposition from Porsche.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 38], "content_span": [39, 417]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078085-0002-0000", "contents": "1960 Formula Two season, Season review, Race by race, Race 1: Syracuse Grand Prix\nFerrari entered the Syracuse Grand Prix with a heavily revised version of their 1959 cars for Wolfgang von Trips. Team Lotus entered two cars, one of which was the new Lotus 18 making its European debut driven by Innes Ireland. Neither the factory Coopers nor the factory Porsches were entered, however many private Coopers appeared, notably including factory driver Jack Brabham self entered in an older car, Equipe Nationale Belge and Yeoman Credit Racing entered two Coopers each, and Maurice Trintignant also self entered a Cooper. Porsche were represented by just a single entry from Rob Walker Racing Team for Stirling Moss.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 81], "content_span": [82, 712]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078085-0003-0000", "contents": "1960 Formula Two season, Season review, Race by race, Race 1: Syracuse Grand Prix\nIn practice, Moss established the fastest time, followed by Innes Ireland and Olivier Gendebien in one of the Equipe Nationale Belge Coopers who joined Moss on the front row. von Trips was not considered a serious contender for the win and qualified in seventh.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 81], "content_span": [82, 343]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078085-0004-0000", "contents": "1960 Formula Two season, Season review, Race by race, Race 1: Syracuse Grand Prix\nIn the race Moss lead from the start, building up a sizeable lead. Surprisingly, and to the Italian crowd's pleasure, von Trips was in second place by the end of the first lap, followed closely by Ireland and the Coopers, lead by Brabham. Brabham was able to push up into second place, with Ireland third and von Trips fourth, before Brabham was first overtaken by Ireland then forced to retire. Light rain arrived around lap 23, which favoured the Ferrari, allowing von Trips into second. Soon after Moss suffered an engine failure which caused him to retire, handing the lead to von Trips. Trintignant's private Cooper finished second, and Gendebien third, with Ireland finishing fourth due to minor engine trouble.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 81], "content_span": [82, 799]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078085-0005-0000", "contents": "1960 Formula Two season, Season review, Race by race, Race 2: Brussels Grand Prix\nThe Brussels Grand Prix was held over two heats, with overall positions determined by adding the two finishing positions in the heats, with ties decided by number of laps completed. Wolfgand von Trips, although entered in a Ferrari, did not appear, whilst the Lotuses were quite uncompetitive, so the racing was between the Rob Walker Porsche of Stirling Moss and the various different Coopers.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 81], "content_span": [82, 476]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078085-0006-0000", "contents": "1960 Formula Two season, Season review, Race by race, Race 2: Brussels Grand Prix\nThe first heat, held in the dry, was won by Moss from Brabham and Trintignant. The second heat, held in wet conditions at the start, which did not suit the Porsche, was won by Brabham from Trintignant and Moss. This gave the overall win to Brabahm, from Moss and Trintignant.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 81], "content_span": [82, 357]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078085-0007-0000", "contents": "1960 Formula Two season, Season review, Race by race, Race 4: Aintree 200\nIn Aintree, Moss and Porsche were able to make up for their bad luck in earlier races and finally gain a championship win, locking out the podium. Moss made a poor start from pole, with the lead going to Brabham for much of the race, followed initially by Roy Salvadori (in a private Cooper), who was soon overtaken by Innes Ireland in a Lotus. Ireland would however misjudge his braking point at Tatts corner, taking some time to get going again.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 73], "content_span": [74, 521]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078085-0007-0001", "contents": "1960 Formula Two season, Season review, Race by race, Race 4: Aintree 200\nSo then for the next several laps Brabham lead Salvadori, followed quite some distance back by Graham Hill in one of the factory Porsches. The battle for third place was fierce, with eventually Moss in his Rob Walker Porsche pulling away from the factory Porsches, and the Lotuses struggling. On lap 26, however, first Brabham, and then Salvadori came into the pits, both with engine trouble, giving the lead to Moss. Moss lead to the finish, although Jo Bonnier in the other factory Porsche came within a few seconds of him by the end of the race, with Hill in third and John Surtees in fourth in the first of the Coopers.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 73], "content_span": [74, 697]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078085-0008-0000", "contents": "1960 Formula Two season, Formula Two Constructors' Championship final standings\nChampionship points were awarded for the first six places in each race in the order of 8-6-4-3-2-1. Manufacturers were only awarded points for their highest finishing car with no points awarded for positions filled by additional cars. Only the best 4 results out of the 5 races could be retained by each manufacturer. Points earned but not counted towards the championship totals are listed within brackets in the above table.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 79], "content_span": [80, 506]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078085-0009-0000", "contents": "1960 Formula Two season, Formula Two Drivers' Championship final standings\nChampionship points were awarded for the first six places in each race in the order of 8-6-4-3-2-1. Only the best 4 results out of the 5 races could be retained by each driver, however no driver scored points in more than four races.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 74], "content_span": [75, 308]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078085-0010-0000", "contents": "1960 Formula Two season, Non-championship race results\nOther Formula Two races also held in 1960, which did not count towards the championships.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 54], "content_span": [55, 144]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078086-0000-0000", "contents": "1960 France rugby union tour of Argentina and Uruguay\nThe 1960 France rugby union tour of South America was a series of rugby union matches played by the France national team in Argentina, Uruguay and Chile.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 53], "section_span": [53, 53], "content_span": [54, 207]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078086-0001-0000", "contents": "1960 France rugby union tour of Argentina and Uruguay\nFrance played a series of matches in Argentina (including three tests v the national team) and also two games in Chile and Uruguay, although those are not considered tests by the French Federation.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 53], "section_span": [53, 53], "content_span": [54, 251]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078086-0002-0000", "contents": "1960 France rugby union tour of Argentina and Uruguay, Match details\nComplete list of matches played by France in South America:", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 53], "section_span": [55, 68], "content_span": [69, 128]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078086-0003-0000", "contents": "1960 France rugby union tour of Argentina and Uruguay, Match details, First test\nArgentina: 15.Rodolfo Devoto, 14.Enrique Krossler, 13.Esteban Karplus, 12.Ricardo Oliveri, 11.Enrico Neri, 10.Isidro Comas (cap), 9.Eduardo Gonzalez del Solar, 8.Florencio Varela, 7.Glauco Wessek, 6.Jorge Pulido, 5.Aitor Otano, 4.Rodolfo Schmidt, 3.Eduardo Sorhaburu, 2.Juan Casanegra, 1.Elias Gavina  France: 15.Michel Vannier, 14.Henri Rancoule, 13.Guy Boniface, 12.Arnaud Marquesuzaa, 11.Jean-Vincent Dupuy, 10.Pierre Dizabo, 9.Pierre Lacroix, 8.Michel Celaya, 7.Fran\u00e7ois Moncla (cap), 6.Michel Crauste, 5.Jean-Pierre Saux, 4.Herve Larrue, 3.Alfred Roques, 2.Jean de Gregorio, 1.Amedee Domenech", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 53], "section_span": [55, 80], "content_span": [81, 678]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078086-0004-0000", "contents": "1960 France rugby union tour of Argentina and Uruguay, Match details, Second test\nArgentina: 15.Jorge R\u00edos, 14.Enrique Krossler, 13.Esteban Karplus, 12.Ricardo Oliveri, 11.Carlos Giuliano, 10.\u00c1ngel Guastella, 9.Enrique Holmgren, 8.Enrique Mitchelstein, 7.Antonio Salinas (cap), 6.Carlos Alvarez, 5.Aitor Ota\u00f1o, 4.Rodolfo Schmidt, 3.Crist\u00f3bal Hirsch, 2.Horacio Vidou, 1.El\u00edas Gavina   France: 15.Michel Vannier, 14.Jean-Vincent Dupuy, 13.Guy Boniface, 12.Roger Martine, 11.Jean Othats, 10.Pierre Dizabo, 9.Pierre Lacroix, 8.Roland Crancee, 7.Fran\u00e7ois Moncla (c), 6.Michel Crauste, 5.Michel Celaya, 4.Herve Larrue, 3.Alfred Roques, 2.Jacques Rollet, 1.Amedee Domenech", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 53], "section_span": [55, 81], "content_span": [82, 665]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078086-0005-0000", "contents": "1960 France rugby union tour of Argentina and Uruguay, Match details, Third test\n'Argentina:  15.Jorge Rios, 14.Enrique Krossler, 13.Esteban Karplus, 12.Ricardo Oliveri, 11.Enrico Neri, 10.Juan Guidi, 9.Enrique Holmgren, 8.Enrique Mitchelstein, 7.Antonio Salinas (cap), 6.John Vibart, 5.Aitor Otano, 4.Rodolfo Schmidt, 3.Cristobal Hirsch, 2.Juan Casanegra, 1.Walter Aniz France: M. Vannier, J. Dupuy, R. Martine, G. Boniface, J. Othats; P. Dizabo, P. Lacroix; M. Crauste, R. Cranc\u00e9e, F. Moncl\u00e1 (cap. ), M. Celaya, H. Larrue; A. Domenech, J. Rollet, A. Roqu\u00e9s", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 53], "section_span": [55, 80], "content_span": [81, 558]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078086-0006-0000", "contents": "1960 France rugby union tour of Argentina and Uruguay, Match details, Third test\nUruguay: L.V\u00e1squez; Agust\u00edn Canessa, B. Fontana, Penco, E. Llovet; D. Moor-Davie, R. Hoober; H. Pugh, G. Sebasti, J. Shaw; Alvaro Canessa, H. Bergmann; G. Dupont, R. Vivo, A. Hughes France: M. Vannier; J. Othats, M. Lacome, R. Martine, H. Rancoule; R. Brethes, P. Dizabo; M. Crauste, R. Cranc\u00e9e, F. Moncl\u00e1 (cap. ); S. Meyer, J. Saux; A. Domenech, J. de Gregorio, A. Roques", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 53], "section_span": [55, 80], "content_span": [81, 453]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078087-0000-0000", "contents": "1960 French Championships (tennis)\nThe 1960 French Championships (now known as the French Open) was a tennis tournament that took place on the outdoor clay courts at the Stade Roland-Garros in Paris, France. The tournament ran from 17 May until 29 May. It was the 64th staging of the French Championships, and the second Grand Slam tennis event of 1960. Nicola Pietrangeli and Darlene Hard won the singles titles.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [34, 34], "content_span": [35, 413]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078087-0001-0000", "contents": "1960 French Championships (tennis), Finals, Men's Singles\nNicola Pietrangeli defeated  Luis Ayala 3\u20136, 6\u20133, 6\u20134, 4\u20136, 6\u20133", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [36, 57], "content_span": [58, 121]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078087-0002-0000", "contents": "1960 French Championships (tennis), Finals, Men's Doubles\nRoy Emerson /   Neale Fraser defeated  Jos\u00e9 Luis Arilla /  Andr\u00e9s Gimeno  6\u20132, 8\u201310, 7\u20135, 6\u20134", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [36, 57], "content_span": [58, 151]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078087-0003-0000", "contents": "1960 French Championships (tennis), Finals, Women's Doubles\nMaria Bueno /  Darlene Hard defeated  Pat Ward Hales /  Ann Haydon 6\u20132, 7\u20135", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [36, 59], "content_span": [60, 135]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078087-0004-0000", "contents": "1960 French Championships (tennis), Finals, Mixed Doubles\nMaria Bueno /  Bob Howe defeated  Ann Haydon /  Roy Emerson  1\u20136, 6\u20131, 6\u20132", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [36, 57], "content_span": [58, 132]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078088-0000-0000", "contents": "1960 French Championships \u2013 Men's Singles\nSixth-seeded Nicola Pietrangeli defeated Luis Ayala 3\u20136, 6\u20133, 6\u20134, 4\u20136, 6\u20133 in the final to win the Men's Singles tennis title at the 1960 French Championships.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 41], "section_span": [41, 41], "content_span": [42, 202]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078088-0001-0000", "contents": "1960 French Championships \u2013 Men's Singles, Seeds\nThe seeded players are listed below. Nicola Pietrangeli is the champion; others show the round in which they were eliminated.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 41], "section_span": [43, 48], "content_span": [49, 174]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078089-0000-0000", "contents": "1960 French Championships \u2013 Women's Singles\nFifth-seeded Darlene Hard defeated Yola Ram\u00edrez 6\u20133, 6\u20134 in the final to win the Women's Singles tennis title at the 1960 French Championships.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 43], "section_span": [43, 43], "content_span": [44, 187]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078089-0001-0000", "contents": "1960 French Championships \u2013 Women's Singles, Seeds\nThe seeded players are listed below. Darlene Hard is the champion; others show the round in which they were eliminated.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 43], "section_span": [45, 50], "content_span": [51, 170]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078090-0000-0000", "contents": "1960 French Grand Prix\nThe 1960 French Grand Prix was a Formula One motor race held at Reims-Gueux on 3 July 1960. It was race 6 of 10 in the 1960 World Championship of Drivers and race 5 of 9 in the 1960 International Cup for Formula One Manufacturers.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [22, 22], "content_span": [23, 253]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078090-0001-0000", "contents": "1960 French Grand Prix\nThe 50-lap race was won from pole position by Australian driver Jack Brabham, driving a works Cooper-Climax. Belgian driver Olivier Gendebien finished second in a Cooper-Climax entered by the British Racing Partnership, while New Zealander Bruce McLaren was third in the other works Cooper-Climax.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [22, 22], "content_span": [23, 320]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078091-0000-0000", "contents": "1960 French motorcycle Grand Prix\nThe 1960 French motorcycle Grand Prix was the first round of the 1960 Grand Prix motorcycle racing season. It took place on 22 May 1960 at the Clermont-Ferrand circuit.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [33, 33], "content_span": [34, 202]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078092-0000-0000", "contents": "1960 Fresno State Bulldogs football team\nThe 1960 Fresno State Bulldogs football team represented Fresno State College during the 1960 NCAA College Division football season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [40, 40], "content_span": [41, 173]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078092-0001-0000", "contents": "1960 Fresno State Bulldogs football team\nThe team was led by second-year head coach Cecil Coleman and played home games at Ratcliffe Stadium on the campus of Fresno City College in Fresno, California. They finished the season as champions of the California Collegiate Athletic Association (CCAA) for the third consecutive year, with a record of nine wins and one loss (9\u20131, 5\u20130 CCAA). This was the sixth conference title in seven years for the Bulldogs.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [40, 40], "content_span": [41, 453]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078092-0002-0000", "contents": "1960 Fresno State Bulldogs football team, Team players in the NFL/AFL\nThe following finished their college career in 1960, were not drafted, but played in the AFL (prior to the merge with the NFL).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [42, 69], "content_span": [70, 197]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078093-0000-0000", "contents": "1960 Furman Purple Hurricane football team\nThe 1960 Furman Purple Hurricane football team was an American football team that represented Furman University as a member of the Southern Conference (SoCon) during the 1960 NCAA University Division football season. In their third season under head coach Bob King, Furman compiled a 5\u20134\u20131 record.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 42], "section_span": [42, 42], "content_span": [43, 340]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078094-0000-0000", "contents": "1960 GP Ouest\u2013France\nThe 1960 GP Ouest-France was the 24th edition of the GP Ouest-France cycle race and was held on 30 August 1960. The race started and finished in Plouay. The race was won by Hubert Ferrer.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [20, 20], "content_span": [21, 208]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078095-0000-0000", "contents": "1960 Gambian legislative election\nGeneral elections were held in the Gambia in 1960, following the implementation of a new constitution, which created a House of Representatives. The new legislature had 19 elected seats, twelve seats were elected in the protectorate and seven in the colony (Bathurst and Kombo St Mary). Eight seats were reserved for chiefs. In addition, the Governor-general, the Speaker (appointed by the governor-general after consultation with council members), the Civil Secretary, the Financial Secretary, the Attorney General and the Commissioner for Local Government and up to three nominated members were also members of the House.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [33, 33], "content_span": [34, 657]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078095-0001-0000", "contents": "1960 Gambian legislative election\nThe People's Progressive Party won nine of the 19 elected seats. However, United Party leader Pierre Sarr N'Jie became the country's first Chief Minister in March the following year, appointed by Governor-general Edward Windley after a majority of the eight chiefs supported him.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [33, 33], "content_span": [34, 313]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078097-0000-0000", "contents": "1960 Gator Bowl (December)\nThe 1960 Gator Bowl was a post-season college football bowl game between the Baylor Bears of the Southwest Conference (SWC) and the Florida Gators representing the Southeastern Conference (SEC). Florida defeated Baylor 13\u201312. Both quarterbacks were the game's Most Valuable Player: Florida's Larry Libertore and Baylor's Bobby Ply.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [26, 26], "content_span": [27, 358]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078097-0001-0000", "contents": "1960 Gator Bowl (December), Game summary\nLed by Vic Miranda, the Gator defense halted a 75-yard drive by Baylor on the half-yard line in the first quarter, setting the stage for two second quarter touchdowns. Baylor running back Ronnie Goodwin dropped the winning 2-point try in the closing seconds. Baylor quarterback Bobby Ply set a Gator Bowl record with 13 completions.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [28, 40], "content_span": [41, 373]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078098-0000-0000", "contents": "1960 Gator Bowl (January)\nThe 1960 Gator Bowl was a college football bowl game between the Southwest Conference (SWC) co-champion Arkansas Razorbacks and the Georgia Tech Yellow Jackets representing the Southeastern Conference (SEC). Arkansas defeated Georgia Tech, 14\u20137, in front of 45,104 spectators. There were two players named Most Valuable Player: Jim Mooty of Arkansas and Maxie Baughan of Georgia Tech.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [25, 25], "content_span": [26, 410]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078098-0001-0000", "contents": "1960 Gator Bowl (January), Setting\nThe 1960 Gator Bowl featured Arkansas, led by Frank Broyles against his alma mater and mentor, Bobby Dodd. Georgia Tech was 11\u20132 in bowl games entering the contest.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [27, 34], "content_span": [35, 199]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078098-0002-0000", "contents": "1960 Gator Bowl (January), Setting\nArkansas finished their SWC schedule 5\u20131, losing only to #3 Texas. The Hogs also lost to #6 Ole Miss at Crump Stadium in a non-conference match-up.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [27, 34], "content_span": [35, 182]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078098-0003-0000", "contents": "1960 Gator Bowl (January), Setting\nGeorgia Tech started 4\u20130, but struggled the rest of the year, losing to Auburn, Duke, and Georgia at home, and Alabama in Birmingham.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [27, 34], "content_span": [35, 168]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078098-0004-0000", "contents": "1960 Gator Bowl (January), Setting\nThe Yellow Jackets and Razorbacks had one common opponent, the SMU Mustangs (5\u20134\u20131), who Georgia Tech defeated 16\u201312 and lost to the Arkansas, 17\u201314.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [27, 34], "content_span": [35, 184]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078098-0005-0000", "contents": "1960 Gator Bowl (January), Game summary\nGeorgia Tech began the game by controlling the ball for over eleven minutes before failing a field goal from the Arkansas 8-yard line. However, it took only two plays on Tech's second drive to hit pay dirt as Georgia Tech quarterback Marvin Tibbetts scrambled 51 yards for a touchdown. Joe Paul Alberty scored from one yard out on the ensuing Razorback possession to tie the game at 7. Razorback rushers Lance Alworth and Jim Mooty took over in the third quarter, working in tandem to go 78 yards with Mooty finishing with a 19 yard score.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [27, 39], "content_span": [40, 579]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078098-0006-0000", "contents": "1960 Gator Bowl (January), Game summary\nArkansas' record in the postseason improved to 2\u20131\u20132, with Tech dropping to 11\u20133.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [27, 39], "content_span": [40, 121]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078098-0007-0000", "contents": "1960 Gator Bowl (January), Game summary\nTwo members were later inducted into the Gator Bowl Hall of Fame, Maxie Baughan, a center and linebacker named an All-American during 1959 from Georgia Tech, and Frank Broyles, the head coach of Arkansas.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [27, 39], "content_span": [40, 244]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078099-0000-0000", "contents": "1960 Gent\u2013Wevelgem\nThe 1960 Gent\u2013Wevelgem was the 22nd edition of the Gent\u2013Wevelgem cycle race and was held on 17 April 1960. The race started in Ghent and finished in Wevelgem. The race was won by Frans Aerenhouts of the Mercier team.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 18], "section_span": [18, 18], "content_span": [19, 235]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078100-0000-0000", "contents": "1960 George Washington Colonials football team\nThe 1960 George Washington Colonials football team was an American football team that represented George Washington University as part of the Southern Conference during the 1960 NCAA University Division football season. In its only season under head coach Bill Elias, the team compiled a 5\u20133\u20131 record (4\u20132 in the SoCon).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 46], "section_span": [46, 46], "content_span": [47, 367]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078101-0000-0000", "contents": "1960 Georgia Bulldogs football team\nThe 1960 Georgia Bulldogs football team represented the Georgia Bulldogs of the University of Georgia during the 1960 NCAA University Division football season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [35, 35], "content_span": [36, 195]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078102-0000-0000", "contents": "1960 Georgia Tech Yellow Jackets football team\nThe 1960 Georgia Tech Yellow Jackets football team represented the Georgia Institute of Technology during the 1960 NCAA University Division football season. The Yellow Jackets were led by 16th-year head coach Bobby Dodd, and played their home games at Grant Field in Atlanta.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 46], "section_span": [46, 46], "content_span": [47, 322]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078102-0001-0000", "contents": "1960 Georgia Tech Yellow Jackets football team\nAfter a quick jump to #10 in the AP Poll after their first two victories, the Yellow Jackets fell on the wrong side of several close games, finishing the year with a disappointing 5\u20135 record. The average margin of defeat in their five losses was only 2.2 points, and all were one-score games. Their first loss was to a Florida Gators team that featured Bobby Dodd's son, Robert Jr., at quarterback.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 46], "section_span": [46, 46], "content_span": [47, 445]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078103-0000-0000", "contents": "1960 German Grand Prix\nThe 1960 German Grand Prix was a Formula Two race held on 1 August 1960 at N\u00fcrburgring. This was only year the German Grand Prix was run on the shorter S\u00fcdschleife layout.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [22, 22], "content_span": [23, 194]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078103-0001-0000", "contents": "1960 German Grand Prix\nDue to decreasing attendances after the departure of Mercedes-Benz, and the controversial 1959 race at AVUS, it was decided to race on the shorter layout to give spectators a better show (seeing the cars do more laps), and the race was run to Formula Two regulations, which were set to replace Formula One for 1961 anyway, since German manufacturer Porsche had a strong Formula Two car.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [22, 22], "content_span": [23, 409]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078103-0002-0000", "contents": "1960 German Grand Prix\nThis race was also the fifth and final race of the 1960 Formula Two Constructors' Championship and Formula Two Drivers' Championship.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [22, 22], "content_span": [23, 156]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078103-0003-0000", "contents": "1960 German Grand Prix, Classification, Starting grid\nStart featured a 4-3-4-3-4-3 layout, with Gregory's spot left vacant.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [24, 53], "content_span": [54, 123]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078104-0000-0000", "contents": "1960 German football championship\nThe 1960 German football championship was the culmination of the football season in the Federal Republic of Germany in 1959\u201360. Hamburger SV were crowned champions for the third time after a group stage and a final, having previously won the title in 1923 and 1928. It was the club's third appearance in the final in four years, having lost the 1957 and 1958 final. On the strength of this title, the club participated in the 1960-61 European Cup, where HSV lost to FC Barcelona in the semi-finals.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [33, 33], "content_span": [34, 532]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078104-0001-0000", "contents": "1960 German football championship\nHamburg's Uwe Seeler was the 1960 championships top scorer with 13 goals, the highest total for any top scorer in the competition after the Second World War.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [33, 33], "content_span": [34, 191]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078104-0002-0000", "contents": "1960 German football championship\nRunners-up 1. FC K\u00f6ln made its first appearance in the national title game. The 1960 German championship saw an attendance record for the Oberliga era with 87,739 seeing Tasmania 1900 Berlin hosting 1. FC K\u00f6ln.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [33, 33], "content_span": [34, 244]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078104-0003-0000", "contents": "1960 German football championship\nThe format used to determine the German champion was the same as the one used in the 1959 season. Nine clubs qualified for the tournament, with the runners-up of West and South having to play a qualifying match. The remaining eight clubs then played a home-and-away round in two groups of four, with the two group winners entering the final.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [33, 33], "content_span": [34, 375]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078105-0000-0000", "contents": "1960 German motorcycle Grand Prix\nThe 1960 German motorcycle Grand Prix was the fifth round of the 1960 Grand Prix motorcycle racing season. It took place on 23\u201324 July 1960 at the Solitude circuit.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [33, 33], "content_span": [34, 198]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078106-0000-0000", "contents": "1960 Ghanaian constitutional referendum\nA constitutional referendum was held in Ghana on 27 April 1960. The main issue was a change in the country's status from a constitutional monarchy with Elizabeth II as head of state, to a republic with a presidential system of government.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [39, 39], "content_span": [40, 278]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078106-0001-0000", "contents": "1960 Ghanaian constitutional referendum, Aftermath\nPresidential elections were held alongside the referendum, which were won by the incumbent Prime Minister, Kwame Nkrumah. He was inaugurated on 1 July 1960, replacing Queen Elizabeth II as head of state, and thus eliminating the post of Governor-General.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 50], "content_span": [51, 305]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078106-0002-0000", "contents": "1960 Ghanaian constitutional referendum, Aftermath\nFour years later, another referendum strengthened the president's powers and turned the country into a one-party state (with an official result of 99.91% in support).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 50], "content_span": [51, 217]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078107-0000-0000", "contents": "1960 Ghanaian presidential election\nPresidential elections were held for the first time in Ghana on 27 April 1960. The elections were held alongside a referendum on creating an executive presidency. The winner of the election would become the country's first President if the new republican constitution was passed (which it did).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [35, 35], "content_span": [36, 330]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078107-0001-0000", "contents": "1960 Ghanaian presidential election, Aftermath\nAfter winning the election, and the passing of the new constitution in the simultaneous referendum, Nkrumah was inaugurated on 1 July 1960, replacing Governor-General William Hare as head of state. Danquah was imprisoned the following year under the Preventive Detention Act, but only held for a year. On his release, he was elected President of the Ghana Bar Association. He was imprisoned again in 1964 and died in jail.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 46], "content_span": [47, 469]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078107-0002-0000", "contents": "1960 Ghanaian presidential election, Aftermath\nFour years later, another referendum strengthened Nkrumah's powers and turned the country into a one-party state (with an official result of 99.91% in support).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 46], "content_span": [47, 207]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078108-0000-0000", "contents": "1960 Giro d'Italia\nThe 1960 Giro d'Italia was the 43rd\u00a0running of the Giro d'Italia, one of cycling's Grand Tour races. The Giro started in Rome, on 19 May, with a 215\u00a0km (133.6\u00a0mi) stage and concluded in Milan, on 9 June, with a 225\u00a0km (139.8\u00a0mi) leg. A total of 140 riders from 14 teams entered the 21-stage race, which was won by Frenchman Jacques Anquetil of the Helyett team. The second and third places were taken by Italian Gastone Nencini and Luxembourgian Charly Gaul, respectively.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 18], "section_span": [18, 18], "content_span": [19, 491]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078108-0001-0000", "contents": "1960 Giro d'Italia, Teams\nFourteen teams were invited by the race organizers to participate in the 1960 edition of the Giro d'Italia. Each team sent a squad of ten riders, which meant that the race started with a peloton of 140 cyclists. From the riders that began the race, 97 made it to the finish in Florence.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 18], "section_span": [20, 25], "content_span": [26, 312]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078108-0002-0000", "contents": "1960 Giro d'Italia, Route and stages\nThe race route was revealed on 13 April 1960. The start of the race was moved to Rome to honor the Summer Olympics to be held in the city later that year. Before the race began in Rome, the organizers honored the race's first organizer Armando Cougnet, five-time Giro champion Fausto Coppi, and journalist Orio Vergani, all of whom died before the race started in 1960. President Giovanni Gronchi officially opened the race.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 18], "section_span": [20, 36], "content_span": [37, 461]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078108-0003-0000", "contents": "1960 Giro d'Italia, Classification leadership\nOne jersey was worn during the 1960 Giro d'Italia. The leader of the general classification \u2013 calculated by adding the stage finish times of each rider \u2013 wore a pink jersey. This classification is the most important of the race, and its winner is considered as the winner of the Giro.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 18], "section_span": [20, 45], "content_span": [46, 330]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078108-0004-0000", "contents": "1960 Giro d'Italia, Classification leadership\nThe mountains classification leader. The climbs were ranked in first and second categories. In this ranking, points were won by reaching the summit of a climb ahead of other cyclists. There were three categories of mountains. The first category awarded 80, 60, 40, 30, and 20 points, while the second distributed 60, 40, and 20 points. Although no jersey was awarded, there was also one classification for the teams, in which the teams were awarded points for their rider's performance during the stages.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 18], "section_span": [20, 45], "content_span": [46, 550]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078109-0000-0000", "contents": "1960 Giro di Lombardia\nThe 1960 Giro di Lombardia was the 54th edition of the Giro di Lombardia cycle race and was held on 16 October 1960. The race started and finished in Milan. The race was won by Emile Daems of the Philco team.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [22, 22], "content_span": [23, 231]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078110-0000-0000", "contents": "1960 Glover Trophy\nThe 8th Glover Trophy was a motor race, run to Formula One rules, held on 18 April 1960 at Goodwood Circuit, England. The race was run over 42 laps of the circuit, and was won by British driver Innes Ireland in a Lotus 18. This was the first Formula 1 win for the Lotus marque.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 18], "section_span": [18, 18], "content_span": [19, 296]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078111-0000-0000", "contents": "1960 Governor General's Awards\nEach winner of the 1960 Governor General's Awards for Literary Merit was selected by a panel of judges administered by the Canada Council for the Arts.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [30, 30], "content_span": [31, 182]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078112-0000-0000", "contents": "1960 Grand National\nThe 1960 Grand National was the 114th renewal of the Grand National horse race that took place at Aintree Racecourse near Liverpool, England, on 26 March 1960. The steeplechase was won by nine-year-old Merryman II, who, at odds of 13/2, became the first clear favourite to win for 33 years. His jockey, 22-year-old Gerry Scott, had been lucky to take part in the race, having broken his collarbone two weeks prior. Merryman II became the first ever Scottish winner of the National.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [19, 19], "content_span": [20, 501]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078112-0001-0000", "contents": "1960 Grand National\nThe top weight was officially reduced to a maximum of 12 stone from 12 stone 7\u00a0lbs, though it had been over a decade since any horse had been asked to shoulder such a burden.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [19, 19], "content_span": [20, 194]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078112-0002-0000", "contents": "1960 Grand National, Media coverage and aftermath\nThis was the first year that the National was broadcast live on television. The presenter, Cliff Michelmore, who stepped in at the last minute for David Coleman, who was suffering from appendicitis, told viewers they were witnessing television history. The BBC deployed 16 cameras to Aintree, with Peter O'Sullevan (who had covered the race on radio since 1947) commentating on his first of 38 televised Grand Nationals. O'Sullevan later described his nervousness at commentating on the famous race for the first time on television, his nerves amplified by a restricted view and an unreliable monitor.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [21, 49], "content_span": [50, 651]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078112-0003-0000", "contents": "1960 Grand National, Media coverage and aftermath\nCo-commentator Peter Bromley recalled, \"They had built an enormous tower in the middle of the course so that we could see the majority of the action. It was so huge that the thing was swaying and I felt most unsafe. Conversely the view was excellent and having told a few chums of my position for the Foxhunters Chase two days before the National, I found the late Ryan Price's wife, Dorothy and Fred Winter's wife Di, as guests for the big race.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [21, 49], "content_span": [50, 496]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078112-0003-0001", "contents": "1960 Grand National, Media coverage and aftermath\nFred was riding Dandy Scot for Ryan and the ladies thought they would take advantage of the unique viewing position. I applauded them for even managing to climb the endless and precarious ladders up the side of the scaffolding. A further surprise almost made me drop my binoculars when Fred, who had fallen at the Canal Turn, joined us in the crows nest and the first I knew of his presence was when he tapped me on the shoulder while I was commentating and said 'Watcha Cock!\"", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [21, 49], "content_span": [50, 527]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078113-0000-0000", "contents": "1960 Grand Prix motorcycle racing season\nThe 1960 Grand Prix motorcycle racing season was the 12th F.I.M. Road Racing World Championship Grand Prix season. The season consisted of seven Grand Prix races in five classes: 500cc, 350cc, 250cc, 125cc and Sidecars 500cc. It began on 22 May, with French Grand Prix and ended with Nations Grand Prix in Italy on September 11.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [40, 40], "content_span": [41, 369]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078113-0001-0000", "contents": "1960 Grand Prix motorcycle racing season, Standings, Scoring system\nPoints were awarded to the top six finishers in each race. Only the four best races were counted in all five classes: the Sidecars, 125cc, 250cc, 350cc and 500cc championships.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [42, 67], "content_span": [68, 244]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078114-0000-0000", "contents": "1960 Green Bay Packers season\nThe 1960 Green Bay Packers season was their 42nd season overall and their 40th season in the National Football League. The team finished with an 8\u20134 record under second-year head coach Vince Lombardi to win the Western Conference and a berth in the NFL championship game. It was the Packers' first appearance in the title game since winning it in 1944. After a Thanksgiving Day loss at Detroit, the Packers won their final three games, all on the road, to win the crown.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [29, 29], "content_span": [30, 500]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078114-0001-0000", "contents": "1960 Green Bay Packers season\nThe championship game was against the Eastern Conference champion Philadelphia Eagles (10\u20132), played at Franklin Field in Philadelphia on Monday, December 26. Two years earlier in 1958, both teams had been last in their respective conferences, winning a combined three games.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [29, 29], "content_span": [30, 305]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078114-0002-0000", "contents": "1960 Green Bay Packers season\nIn a close game, the Packers led in the fourth quarter, but lost 17\u201313. Green Bay returned to the title game the next two seasons and won both.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [29, 29], "content_span": [30, 173]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078114-0003-0000", "contents": "1960 Green Bay Packers season, Standings\nNote: Tie games were not officially counted in the standings until 1972.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 40], "content_span": [41, 113]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078115-0000-0000", "contents": "1960 Guamanian legislative election\nParliamentary elections were held in Guam in 1960. The Popular Party won all 21 seats, in a \"blackjack victory\".", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [35, 35], "content_span": [36, 148]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078115-0001-0000", "contents": "1960 Guamanian legislative election, Electoral system\nThe 21 members of the Legislature were elected from a single district, with the candidates receiving the most votes being elected. Candidates were required to be at least 25 years old and have lived in Guam for at least five years before the election.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 53], "content_span": [54, 305]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078115-0002-0000", "contents": "1960 Guamanian legislative election, Results\nThe Popular Party won all 21 seats, with the Territorial Party left seatless.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 44], "content_span": [45, 122]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078116-0000-0000", "contents": "1960 Guisan\n1960 Guisan, provisional designation 1973 UA, is a carbonaceous asteroid from the middle region of the asteroid belt, approximately 25 kilometers in diameter.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 11], "section_span": [11, 11], "content_span": [12, 170]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078116-0001-0000", "contents": "1960 Guisan\nIt was discovered on 25 October 1973, by astronomer Paul Wild at Zimmerwald Observatory near Bern, Switzerland, and named after Swiss General Henri Guisan.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 11], "section_span": [11, 11], "content_span": [12, 167]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078116-0002-0000", "contents": "1960 Guisan, Orbit and classification\nGuisan orbits the Sun in the central main-belt at a distance of 2.2\u20132.8\u00a0AU once every 4.02 years (1,467 days). Its orbit has an eccentricity of 0.12 and an inclination of 8\u00b0 with respect to the ecliptic.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 11], "section_span": [13, 37], "content_span": [38, 241]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078116-0003-0000", "contents": "1960 Guisan, Physical characteristics\nIt has a rotation period of 8.46 hours and a geometric albedo of 0.04\u20130.05, as measured by the IRAS, Akari, WISE and NEOWISE surveys.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 11], "section_span": [13, 37], "content_span": [38, 171]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078116-0004-0000", "contents": "1960 Guisan, Naming\nThis minor planet was named in memory of Henri Guisan (1874\u20131960), general of the Swiss army during the Second World War. He was notably from the country's smaller Swiss-French part rather than from the German-speaking part. The official naming citation was published by the Minor Planet Center on 18 April 1977 (M.P.C. 4157).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 11], "section_span": [13, 19], "content_span": [20, 346]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078117-0000-0000", "contents": "1960 Gwyn Staley 160\nThe 1960 Gwyn Staley 160 was a NASCAR Grand National Series event that was held on March 27, 1960, at North Wilkesboro Speedway in North Wilkesboro, North Carolina.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [20, 20], "content_span": [21, 185]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078117-0001-0000", "contents": "1960 Gwyn Staley 160\nPaul Lewis, who would eventually be known as the Gentleman Teacher, would make his NASCAR Cup Series debut in this event. Burrhead Nantz would retire from NASCAR Cup Series action after the end of this event.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [20, 20], "content_span": [21, 229]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078117-0002-0000", "contents": "1960 Gwyn Staley 160, Background\nThrough the 1960s and 1970s the NASCAR Grand National Series began focusing on bigger, faster, and longer tracks. Like other short tracks in NASCAR at the time, crowd capacity and purses were small compared to the larger tracks. Over time, Enoch Staley and Jack Combs attempted to keep the facility modern and on pace with the growth of the sport. The West Grandstand was rebuilt with chair-type seats rather than the old bare concrete slabs. New larger restroom facilities were built, and the South Grandstand was expanded.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [22, 32], "content_span": [33, 557]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078117-0002-0001", "contents": "1960 Gwyn Staley 160, Background\nA garage facility was also built within the track, which at the time was rare for short-track venues. But the main focus was on keeping ticket prices affordable. Food and beverage prices were kept low, and event parking and camping were always free. As long as profits covered maintenance costs, Staley was satisfied with the income of the track.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [22, 32], "content_span": [33, 379]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078117-0003-0000", "contents": "1960 Gwyn Staley 160, Race report\nGlen Wood, Junior Johnson and Lee Petty would dominate the entire 120-minute racing event where more than 9,000 people would see Rex White defeated by the elder Petty by less than a lap. Lee Petty would earn his incredible 49th career win, the most in NASCAR Cup Series history until his son Richard breaks the record.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [22, 33], "content_span": [34, 352]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078117-0004-0000", "contents": "1960 Gwyn Staley 160, Race report\nThere were 22 American-born drivers who qualified for this 160-lap extravaganza. Joe Lee Johnson was forced to become the last-place finisher due to troubles with his oil pressure. Even Junior Johnson's start in the pole position was barely enough to give him a \"top five\" finisher. Johnson's top speed of 83.86 miles per hour (134.96\u00a0km/h) during solo qualifying runs would allow him to stand up to Wood, Johnson, and both of the Petty family members while participating in this racing event.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [22, 33], "content_span": [34, 527]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078117-0004-0001", "contents": "1960 Gwyn Staley 160, Race report\nLee Petty's son, Richard, would finish a lowly 18th after qualifying in an incredible fourth place due to his youth and general lack of experience behind the wheel. E.J. Trivette would be the lowest-finishing driver to actually finish the event; although he was more than 20 laps behind the lead lap cars by the time the race had ended.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [22, 33], "content_span": [34, 370]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078117-0005-0000", "contents": "1960 Gwyn Staley 160, Race report\nIndividual event winnings ranged from the winner's share of $900 ($7,778 when considering inflation) to the last-place finishers' share of $50 ($432 when considering inflation). The total prize purse for the 1960 running of the Gwyn Staley 160 was a then-incredible $3,985 ($34,440 when considering inflation).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [22, 33], "content_span": [34, 344]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078117-0006-0000", "contents": "1960 Gwyn Staley 160, Race report\nNotable crew chiefs who actively participated in this race were Shep Langdon, Ray Fox, Bud Allman, and Louis Clements.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [22, 33], "content_span": [34, 152]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078117-0007-0000", "contents": "1960 Gwyn Staley 160, Race report\nThe transition to purpose-built racecars began in the early 1960s and occurred gradually over that decade. Changes made to the sport by the late 1960s brought an end to the \"strictly stock\" vehicles of the 1950s.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [22, 33], "content_span": [34, 246]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078117-0008-0000", "contents": "1960 Gwyn Staley 160, Finishing order\n* Driver failed to finish race \u2020 Driver is known to be deceased", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [22, 37], "content_span": [38, 101]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078118-0000-0000", "contents": "1960 Hardin\u2013Simmons Cowboys football team\nThe 1960 Hardin\u2013Simmons Cowboys football team was an American football team that represented Hardin\u2013Simmons University in the Border Conference during the 1960 NCAA University Division football season. In its first season under head coach Howard McChesney, the team compiled a 0\u201310 record (0\u20134 against conference opponents), finished in last place in the conference, and was outscored by a total of 308 to 68.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 41], "section_span": [41, 41], "content_span": [42, 451]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078118-0001-0000", "contents": "1960 Hardin\u2013Simmons Cowboys football team\nNo Hardin-Simmons players were named to the 1960 All-Border Conference football team.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 41], "section_span": [41, 41], "content_span": [42, 127]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078119-0000-0000", "contents": "1960 Harelbeke\u2013Antwerp\u2013Harelbeke\nThe 1960 Harelbeke\u2013Antwerp\u2013Harelbeke was the third edition of the E3 Harelbeke cycle race and was held on 12 March 1960. The race started and finished in Harelbeke. The race was won by Daniel Doom.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [32, 32], "content_span": [33, 230]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078120-0000-0000", "contents": "1960 Harrow West by-election\nThe Harrow West by-election was held on 17 March 1960 due to the suicide of the incumbent Conservative MP, Sir Albert Braithwaite. It was won by the Conservative candidate John Page.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [28, 28], "content_span": [29, 211]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078120-0001-0000", "contents": "1960 Harrow West by-election\nThe Liberal Party was said to be \"much encouraged\" by their share of the vote according to the acting chair of the Liberal standing committee Mark Bonham Carter who also noted his party had not contested the constituency for ten years. Liberal leader Jo Grimond said that \"the result strengens our claim that what the nation wants is a Liberal alternative.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [28, 28], "content_span": [29, 385]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078120-0002-0000", "contents": "1960 Harrow West by-election\nThe by-election took place on the same day as the Brighouse and Spenborough by-election which saw the Conservatives gain that seat from the opposition Labour Party. Morgan Phillips, Labour's General Secretary, blamed the poor results on negative press coverage arguing that \"a tremendous effort\" had been undertaken to develop \"an unfavourable image of the party\" adding that in his view \"Newspaper space seems to have been allocated on political, rather than on news value.\"", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [28, 28], "content_span": [29, 504]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078121-0000-0000", "contents": "1960 Harvard Crimson football team\nThe 1960 Harvard Crimson football team was an American football team that represented Harvard University during the 1960 NCAA University Division football season. Harvard tied for third in the Ivy League.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [34, 34], "content_span": [35, 239]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078121-0001-0000", "contents": "1960 Harvard Crimson football team\nIn their fourth year under head coach John Yovicsin, the Crimson compiled a 5\u20134 record but were outscored 119 to 90. Terry F. Lenzner was the team captain.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [34, 34], "content_span": [35, 190]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078121-0002-0000", "contents": "1960 Harvard Crimson football team\nHarvard's 4\u20133 conference record tied for third-best in the Ivy League standings. The Crimson were outscored 86 to 65 by Ivy opponents.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [34, 34], "content_span": [35, 169]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078121-0003-0000", "contents": "1960 Harvard Crimson football team\nHarvard played its home games at Harvard Stadium in the Allston neighborhood of Boston, Massachusetts.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [34, 34], "content_span": [35, 137]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078122-0000-0000", "contents": "1960 Hawaii Rainbows football team\nThe 1960 Hawaii Rainbows football team represented the University of Hawai\u02bbi at M\u0101noa as an independent during the 1960 NCAA College Division football season. In their ninth season under head coach Hank Vasconcellos, the Rainbows compiled a 3\u20137 record. The university would not play varsity football for the 1961 season, but returned for the 1962 season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [34, 34], "content_span": [35, 389]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078123-0000-0000", "contents": "1960 Hawthorn Football Club season\nThe 1960 season was the Hawthorn Football Club's 36th season in the Victorian Football League and 59th overall.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [34, 34], "content_span": [35, 146]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078124-0000-0000", "contents": "1960 Higinbotham by-election\nA by-election was held for the Australian House of Representatives seat of Higinbotham on 10 December 1960. This was triggered by the death of Liberal MP Frank Timson.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [28, 28], "content_span": [29, 196]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078124-0001-0000", "contents": "1960 Higinbotham by-election\nThe by-election was won, though narrowly, by Liberal candidate Don Chipp.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [28, 28], "content_span": [29, 102]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078125-0000-0000", "contents": "1960 Hofstra Flying Dutchmen football team\nThe 1960 Hofstra Flying Dutchmen football team was an American football team that represented Hofstra College during the 1960 NCAA College Division football season. Hofstra had one of the better records in the Middle Atlantic Conference, Northern Division, but was ineligible for the championship.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 42], "section_span": [42, 42], "content_span": [43, 340]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078125-0001-0000", "contents": "1960 Hofstra Flying Dutchmen football team\nIn their 11th year under head coach Howard \"Howdy\" Myers Jr., the Flying Dutchmen compiled a 7\u20131\u20131 record, and outscored opponents 158 to 78. Bob DeNeef and Lou DiBlasi were the team captains.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 42], "section_span": [42, 42], "content_span": [43, 235]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078125-0002-0000", "contents": "1960 Hofstra Flying Dutchmen football team\nHofstra was one of three teams in the MAC Northern Division that finished the year undefeated in conference play. The other two, Albright and Wagner, shared the division championship, but Hofstra was excluded from title contention. Conference rules required teams to play at least five games against opponents from the MAC's two \"college\" divisions, and Hofstra only played two. Three of its games were against MAC University Division members (Delaware, Gettysburg and Temple), but these did not count as conference games.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 42], "section_span": [42, 42], "content_span": [43, 565]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078125-0003-0000", "contents": "1960 Hofstra Flying Dutchmen football team\nThe Flying Dutchmen played their home games at Hofstra College Stadium in Hempstead on Long Island, New York.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 42], "section_span": [42, 42], "content_span": [43, 152]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078126-0000-0000", "contents": "1960 Holy Cross Crusaders football team\nThe 1960 Holy Cross Crusaders football team was an American football team that represented the College of the Holy Cross as an independent during the 1960 NCAA University Division football season. Eddie Anderson returned for the 11th consecutive year as head coach, his 17th year overall. For the second year in a row, the team compiled a record of 6\u20134. All home games were played at Fitton Field on the Holy Cross campus in Worcester, Massachusetts.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [39, 39], "content_span": [40, 490]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078127-0000-0000", "contents": "1960 Houston Cougars football team\nThe 1960 Houston Cougars football team was an American football team that represented the University of Houston as an independent during the 1960 NCAA University Division football season. In its fourth season under head coach Hal Lahar, the team compiled a 6\u20134 record. Wiley Feagin, Jim Kuehne, and Jim Windham were the team captains. The team played its home games at Rice Stadium in Houston.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [34, 34], "content_span": [35, 428]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078128-0000-0000", "contents": "1960 Houston Oilers season\nThe 1960 Houston Oilers season was the first season for the Houston Oilers as a professional American football franchise; Head Coach Lou Rymkus led the Oilers to the AFL Eastern Division title, with a 10\u20134 record. It was also the first American Football League season. It ended with a 24\u201316 victory in the AFL championship game at home over the Los Angeles Chargers (10\u20134).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [26, 26], "content_span": [27, 400]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078128-0001-0000", "contents": "1960 Houston Oilers season, Offseason, AFL draft\nIn the 1960 AFL draft, the Houston Oilers selected the following players.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [28, 48], "content_span": [49, 122]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078128-0002-0000", "contents": "1960 Houston Oilers season, Standings\nNote: Tie games were not officially counted in the standings until 1972.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [28, 37], "content_span": [38, 110]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078128-0003-0000", "contents": "1960 Houston Oilers season, Standings, Roster\n16 George Blanda15 Jacky LeeRunning backs47 Don Brown20 Billy Cannon32 Dave Smith FB33 Bob White FB44 Charley Tolar FB", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [28, 45], "content_span": [46, 164]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078128-0004-0000", "contents": "1960 Houston Oilers season, Standings, Roster\nWide receivers82 John Carson89 Bill Groman37 Charley Hennigan88 Al Witcher", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [28, 45], "content_span": [46, 120]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078128-0005-0000", "contents": "1960 Houston Oilers season, Standings, Roster\n65 Gary Greaves T 70 Al Jamison T 77 Rich Michael T51 John Simerson T60 Jim McCaneless G61 Bob Talamini G64 Fred Wallner G63 Hogan Wharton G57 George Belotti C", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [28, 45], "content_span": [46, 205]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078128-0006-0000", "contents": "1960 Houston Oilers season, Awards, Sporting News American Football League All-League Team \u2013 1960\nThe American Football League did not have an All-Star game after its first season in 1960, but an All-League team, selected by vote of the AFL players themselves, was published by the Sporting News. In later years, the All-League players were augmented by", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [28, 97], "content_span": [98, 353]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078129-0000-0000", "contents": "1960 Humboldt State Lumberjacks football team\nThe 1960 Humboldt State Lumberjacks football team represented Humboldt State College during the 1960 NCAA College Division football season. Humboldt State competed in the Far Western Conference (FWC).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 45], "section_span": [45, 45], "content_span": [46, 246]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078129-0001-0000", "contents": "1960 Humboldt State Lumberjacks football team\nThe 1960 Lumberjacks were led by tenth-year head coach Phil Sarboe. They played home games at Albee Stadium in Eureka, California. Humboldt State went undefeated during the regular season, finishing with ten wins and no losses (10\u20130, 5\u20130 FWC).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 45], "section_span": [45, 45], "content_span": [46, 289]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078129-0002-0000", "contents": "1960 Humboldt State Lumberjacks football team\nAt the end of the season Humboldt State was invited to take part in the NAIA playoffs. In the semifinal game they played at home against the Whitworth Pirates and emerged victorious. In the NAIA championship game, called the Holiday Bowl from 1956 to 1960, they faced the Lenoir\u2013Rhyne Bears in St. Petersburg, Florida. Lenoir\u2013Rhyne prevailed by one point in the game, breaking the Lumberjacks two-season 20 game winning streak. That brought Humboldt State's final record to eleven wins and one loss (11\u20131, 5\u20130 FWC). The Lumberjacks outscored their opponents 307\u201389 for the season. In their eleven wins, Humboldt State outscored their opponents by an average score of 27\u20137.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 45], "section_span": [45, 45], "content_span": [46, 718]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078129-0003-0000", "contents": "1960 Humboldt State Lumberjacks football team, Team players in the NFL\nThe following Humboldt State players were selected in the 1961 NFL Draft.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 45], "section_span": [47, 70], "content_span": [71, 144]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078130-0000-0000", "contents": "1960 Hunter by-election\nA by-election was held for the Australian House of Representatives seat of Hunter on 9 April 1960. This was triggered by the resignation of Labor MP and former Opposition Leader H. V. Evatt. A by-election for the seat of La Trobe was held on the same day.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [23, 23], "content_span": [24, 279]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078130-0001-0000", "contents": "1960 Hunter by-election\nThe seat was won by Labor candidate Bert James, the son of Evatt's predecessor Rowley James. The governing Liberal Party did not field a candidate, leaving as James' main opposition independent labor candidate Bob Brown, a shop-keeper and councillor on Cessnock City Council. He was apparently not related to the Bob Brown, who would win the seat as the endorsed Labor candidate twenty years later.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [23, 23], "content_span": [24, 422]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078131-0000-0000", "contents": "1960 Ibero-American Games\nThe 1960 Ibero-American Games (Spanish: I Juegos Iberoamericanos) were held at the Estadio Nacional in Santiago, Chile, between October 11\u201316, 1960.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [25, 25], "content_span": [26, 174]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078131-0001-0000", "contents": "1960 Ibero-American Games\nA total of 31 events were contested, 22 by men and 9 by women.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [25, 25], "content_span": [26, 88]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078131-0002-0000", "contents": "1960 Ibero-American Games, Medal table (unofficial)\nMedal tables for both male and female competitions were published.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [27, 51], "content_span": [52, 118]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078131-0003-0000", "contents": "1960 Ibero-American Games, Team trophies\nThe placing table for team trophy awarded to the 1st place overall team (men and women) was published. Overall winner and winner at the men's competition was \u00a0Argentina. Brazil won the title in the women's category.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [27, 40], "content_span": [41, 256]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078131-0004-0000", "contents": "1960 Ibero-American Games, Participation\nA total number of 325 athletes (278 men and 47 women) from 15 countries was reported to participate in the event.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [27, 40], "content_span": [41, 154]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078132-0000-0000", "contents": "1960 Icelandic Cup\nThe 1960 Icelandic Cup was the first edition of the National Football Cup.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 18], "section_span": [18, 18], "content_span": [19, 93]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078132-0001-0000", "contents": "1960 Icelandic Cup\nIt took place between 11 August 1960 and 23 October 1960, with the final played at Melav\u00f6llur in Reykjavik between KR Reykjavik and Fram Reykjavik. Teams from the \u00darvalsdeild karla (1st division) did not enter until the quarter finals. In prior rounds, teams from the 2. Deild (2nd division), as well as reserve teams, played in one-legged matches. In case of a draw, the match was replayed.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 18], "section_span": [18, 18], "content_span": [19, 410]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078133-0000-0000", "contents": "1960 Icelandic presidential election\nPresidential elections were scheduled to be held in Iceland in 1960. However, incumbent President \u00c1sgeir \u00c1sgeirsson was the only candidate, and the election was uncontested.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [36, 36], "content_span": [37, 210]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078134-0000-0000", "contents": "1960 Idaho Vandals football team\nThe 1960 Idaho Vandals football team represented the University of Idaho in the 1960 NCAA University Division football season. Led by seventh-year head coach Skip Stahley, the Vandals were an independent in the NCAA's University Division and had a 1\u20139 record. Two home games were played on campus at Neale Stadium in Moscow, with one in Boise at Bronco Stadium at Boise Junior College.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [32, 32], "content_span": [33, 418]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078134-0001-0000", "contents": "1960 Idaho Vandals football team\nThe Vandals suffered a sixth straight loss in the Battle of the Palouse with neighbor Washington State, falling 7\u201318 at Neale Stadium in mid-November. In the rivalry game with Montana in Missoula, the Vandals lost the Little Brown Stein for the first time in a decade.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [32, 32], "content_span": [33, 301]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078134-0002-0000", "contents": "1960 Idaho Vandals football team\nSince the disbanding of the Pacific Coast Conference in the spring of 1959, Idaho had just one win per season as an independent. Stahley took on the dual role of athletic director in July.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [32, 32], "content_span": [33, 221]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078134-0003-0000", "contents": "1960 Idaho Vandals football team\nIdaho played ten games, with five scheduled at night, and their only win came at Hawaii. The game was scheduled for Friday night, but due to travel delays, it was played on Sunday afternoon. The Vandals stayed on Oahu until Thursday, then flew to California for their next game, against Pacific in Stockton on Saturday night.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [32, 32], "content_span": [33, 358]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078134-0004-0000", "contents": "1960 Idaho Vandals football team, All-Coast\nNo Vandals made the All-Coast team or the second team. Honorable mention were tight end Reggie Carolan and quarterback Sil Vial.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 43], "content_span": [44, 172]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078134-0005-0000", "contents": "1960 Idaho Vandals football team, NFL Draft\nOne player, a fourth-year junior, from the 1960 Vandals was selected in the 1961 NFL Draft:", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 43], "content_span": [44, 135]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078135-0000-0000", "contents": "1960 Illinois Fighting Illini football team\nThe 1960 Illinois Fighting Illini football team was an American football team that represented the University of Illinois during the 1960 Big Ten Conference football season. In their first year under head coach Pete Elliott, the Illini compiled a 5\u20134 record and finished in a three-way tie for fifth place in the Big Ten Conference. Tackle Joe Rutgens was selected as the team's most valuable player.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 43], "section_span": [43, 43], "content_span": [44, 444]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078136-0000-0000", "contents": "1960 Illinois elections\nElections were held in Illinois on Tuesday, November 8, 1960.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [23, 23], "content_span": [24, 85]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078136-0001-0000", "contents": "1960 Illinois elections, Election information, Turnout\nIn the primaries, turnout was 40.92%, with 2,082,667 ballots cast (1,171,488 Democratic and 911,179 Republican).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 54], "content_span": [55, 167]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078136-0002-0000", "contents": "1960 Illinois elections, Election information, Turnout\nIn the general election, turnout was 88.11%, with 4,845,319 ballots cast.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 54], "content_span": [55, 128]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078136-0003-0000", "contents": "1960 Illinois elections, Federal elections, United States President\nIllinois voted for the Democratic ticket of John F. Kennedy and Lyndon B. Johnson.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 67], "content_span": [68, 150]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078136-0004-0000", "contents": "1960 Illinois elections, Federal elections, United States Senate\nDemocratic Senator Paul Douglas was reelected to a third term.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 64], "content_span": [65, 127]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078136-0005-0000", "contents": "1960 Illinois elections, Federal elections, United States House\nAll 25 Illinois seats in the United States House of Representatives were up for election in 1960.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 63], "content_span": [64, 161]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078136-0006-0000", "contents": "1960 Illinois elections, Federal elections, United States House\nNo seats switched parties, leaving Illinois' House delegation to consist of 14 Democrats and 11 Republicans.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 63], "content_span": [64, 172]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078136-0007-0000", "contents": "1960 Illinois elections, State elections, Governor\nIncumbent Governor William Stratton, a Republican seeking a third term, lost reelection to Democrat Otto Kerner Jr.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 50], "content_span": [51, 166]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078136-0008-0000", "contents": "1960 Illinois elections, State elections, Lieutenant Governor\nIncumbent Lieutenant Governor John William Chapman, a Republican seeking a third term, lost reelection to Democrat Samuel H. Shapiro.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 61], "content_span": [62, 195]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078136-0009-0000", "contents": "1960 Illinois elections, State elections, Attorney General\nIncumbent Attorney General William L. Guild (a Republican appointed in 1960 after the death in office of Grenville Beardsley) lost to Democrat William G. Clark.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 58], "content_span": [59, 219]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078136-0010-0000", "contents": "1960 Illinois elections, State elections, Attorney General\nOriginally, before his death, Grenville Beardsley (himself a Republican that had been appointed in 1959 after Latham Castle resigned to assume a judgeship)  had been seeking reelection, having won the Republican primary.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 58], "content_span": [59, 279]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078136-0011-0000", "contents": "1960 Illinois elections, State elections, Secretary of State\nIncumbent Secretary of State Charles F. Carpentier, a Republican, was reelected to a third term.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 60], "content_span": [61, 157]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078136-0012-0000", "contents": "1960 Illinois elections, State elections, Auditor of Public Accounts\nIncumbent Auditor of Public Accounts Elbert S. Smith, a Republican seeking a second term, lost to Democrat Michael Howlett.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 68], "content_span": [69, 192]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078136-0013-0000", "contents": "1960 Illinois elections, State elections, State Senate\nSeats of the Illinois Senate were up for election in 1960. Republicans retained control of the chamber.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 54], "content_span": [55, 158]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078136-0014-0000", "contents": "1960 Illinois elections, State elections, State House of Representatives\nSeats in the Illinois House of Representatives were up for election in 1960. Republicans flipped control of the chamber.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 72], "content_span": [73, 193]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078136-0015-0000", "contents": "1960 Illinois elections, State elections, Trustees of University of Illinois\nAn election was held for three seats as Trustees of University of Illinois. All three Democratic nominees won.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 76], "content_span": [77, 187]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078136-0016-0000", "contents": "1960 Illinois elections, State elections, Trustees of University of Illinois\nDemocratic incumbent Kenney E. Williamson, first appointed in 1940, won reelection to a third full (fourth overall) term. Democratic incumbent Frances Best Watkins won reelection to a third term. They were joined in winning election by fellow Democrat Irving Dillard.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 76], "content_span": [77, 344]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078136-0017-0000", "contents": "1960 Illinois elections, State elections, Judicial elections, Lower courts\nOn April 12, a special election was held to fill a vacancy on the Eleventh Judicial Circuit.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 74], "content_span": [75, 167]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078136-0018-0000", "contents": "1960 Illinois elections, State elections, Ballot measures\nTwo ballot measures, both of them bond issues, were put before Illinois voters in 1960.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 57], "content_span": [58, 145]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078136-0019-0000", "contents": "1960 Illinois elections, State elections, Ballot measures\nIn order for bond issues to pass, the number of affirmative voters each measure was required to receive was one equal to 50% of the number of votes cast for members of the Illinois General Assembly in the 1960 general election. Bond measures needed a vote equal to majority of the votes cast for whichever chamber of the Illinois General Assembly had the highest cumulative vote count. Since. in 1960, this was the 4,525,191 votes that were cast General Assembly in 1960, the vote count needed to be reached was at least 2,262,596 affirmative votes. The vote also needed a majority of votes cast on each measure to be affirmative.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 57], "content_span": [58, 688]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078136-0020-0000", "contents": "1960 Illinois elections, State elections, Ballot measures, Bond Issue for Education\nVoters approved the Bond Issue for Education, which issued bonds to support improvements in education.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 83], "content_span": [84, 186]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078136-0021-0000", "contents": "1960 Illinois elections, State elections, Ballot measures, Bond Issue for Mental Health\nVoters approved the Bond Issue for Mental Health, which would issue bonds to support improvements mental health and public welfare.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 87], "content_span": [88, 219]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078137-0000-0000", "contents": "1960 Illinois gubernatorial election\nThe 1960 Illinois gubernatorial election was held in Illinois on November 8, 1960. Incumbent Governor William Stratton, a Republican seeking a third term, lost reelection to Democrat Otto Kerner Jr.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [36, 36], "content_span": [37, 235]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078137-0001-0000", "contents": "1960 Illinois gubernatorial election, Election information\nThe primaries and general election both coincided with those for federal offices (United States President, House, and United States Senate) and those for other state offices. The election was part of the 1960 Illinois elections.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 58], "content_span": [59, 287]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078137-0002-0000", "contents": "1960 Illinois gubernatorial election, Election information, Background\nHeading into this election, Stratton was seen as vulnerable to being unseated if the Democrats ran a strong candidate, as he had only narrowly won reelection in 1956 (despite a strong overall performance by the Republican party in the state that year), and since the Democratic Party had nationally had a strong performance in the 1958 elections.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 70], "content_span": [71, 417]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078137-0003-0000", "contents": "1960 Illinois gubernatorial election, Election information, Turnout\nIn the primaries, turnout was 37.54%, with 1,910,956 votes cast.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 67], "content_span": [68, 132]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078137-0004-0000", "contents": "1960 Illinois gubernatorial election, Election information, Turnout\nIn the general election, turnout was 84.99%, with 4,674,187 votes cast.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 67], "content_span": [68, 139]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078137-0005-0000", "contents": "1960 Illinois gubernatorial election, Primaries, Democratic primary\nNames floated as potential Democratic contenders included Chicago mayor Richard J. Daley. Daley opted not to run. Daley, the head of the Cook County Democratic Party and a political boss, helped slate Otto Kerner for the nomination. Kerner won the Democratic primary.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 67], "content_span": [68, 335]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078138-0000-0000", "contents": "1960 Indian Rajya Sabha elections\nRajya Sabha elections were held in 1960, to elect members of the Rajya Sabha, Indian Parliament's upper chamber.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [33, 33], "content_span": [34, 146]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078138-0001-0000", "contents": "1960 Indian Rajya Sabha elections, Elections\nElections were held in 1960 to elect members from various states. The list is incomplete.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 44], "content_span": [45, 134]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078138-0002-0000", "contents": "1960 Indian Rajya Sabha elections, Elections, Members elected\nThe following members are elected in the elections held in 1960. They are members for the term 1960-66 and retire in year 1966, except in case of the resignation or death before the term.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 61], "content_span": [62, 249]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078139-0000-0000", "contents": "1960 Indiana Hoosiers football team\nThe 1960 Indiana Hoosiers football team represented the Indiana Hoosiers in the 1960 Big Ten Conference football season. They participated as members of the Big Ten Conference. The Hoosiers played their home games at Seventeenth Street Stadium in Bloomington, Indiana. The team was coached by Phil Dickens, in his third year as head coach of the Hoosiers.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [35, 35], "content_span": [36, 391]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078140-0000-0000", "contents": "1960 Indiana State Sycamores football team\nThe 1960 Indiana State Sycamores football team represented Indiana State University in the 1960  NCAA College Division football season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 42], "section_span": [42, 42], "content_span": [43, 178]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078141-0000-0000", "contents": "1960 Indiana gubernatorial election\nThe 1960 Indiana gubernatorial election was held on November 8, 1960. Democratic nominee Matthew E. Welsh defeated Republican nominee Crawford F. Parker with 50.39% of the vote.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [35, 35], "content_span": [36, 213]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078142-0000-0000", "contents": "1960 Indianapolis 500\nThe 44th International 500-Mile Sweepstakes was held at the Indianapolis Motor Speedway in Speedway, Indiana on Monday, May 30, 1960. The event was part of the 1960 USAC National Championship Trail and was also race 3 of 10 in the 1960 World Championship of Drivers. It would be the final time World Championship points would be awarded at the Indy 500.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [21, 21], "content_span": [22, 375]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078142-0001-0000", "contents": "1960 Indianapolis 500\nOften regarded as the greatest two-man duel in Indianapolis 500 history, the 1960 race saw a then-record 29 lead changes (a record that stood until 2012). Jim Rathmann and Rodger Ward battled out nearly the entire second half. Rathmann took the lead for good on lap 197 after Ward was forced to slow down with a worn out tire. Rathmann's margin of victory of 12.75 seconds was the second-closest finish in Indy history at the time.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [21, 21], "content_span": [22, 453]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078142-0002-0000", "contents": "1960 Indianapolis 500\nThe inaugural 500 Festival Open Invitation was held at the Speedway Golf Course in the four days leading up to the race.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [21, 21], "content_span": [22, 142]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078142-0003-0000", "contents": "1960 Indianapolis 500, Time trials\nTime trials was scheduled for four days, but the third day was rained out.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [23, 34], "content_span": [35, 109]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078142-0004-0000", "contents": "1960 Indianapolis 500, Time trials\nAfter Carburetion tests, Dempsey Wilson replaced Jimmy Daywalt as the driver for the #23 entry, and the car was moved to the rear of the starting grid.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [23, 34], "content_span": [35, 186]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078142-0005-0000", "contents": "1960 Indianapolis 500, Race recap, First half\nThe race started out with four contenders in the first half. Rodger Ward took the lead on lap 1 from the outside of the front row, but polesitter Eddie Sachs took the lead on lap 2. Two laps later, Ward was back in the lead, and the record-setting number of lead changes was already under way. Troy Ruttman and Jim Rathmann also took turns at the front. .", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [23, 45], "content_span": [46, 401]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078142-0006-0000", "contents": "1960 Indianapolis 500, Race recap, First half\nThe first caution came out on lap 47, after Duane Carter spun in turn 3. He did not hit the wall, came to a rest in the infield grass, then continued in the race. Later, Jim McWithey came into the pits without any brakes. He brushed the inside pit wall trying to slow the car down, but continued through the pit lane and wasn't able to stop until he reached the infield grass in turn 1. Later in the race, Eddie Russo and Wayne Weiler also suffer single-car crashes.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [23, 45], "content_span": [46, 512]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078142-0007-0000", "contents": "1960 Indianapolis 500, Race recap, First half\nRodger Ward stalled his engine twice during his first pit stop, losing considerable ground. After getting back on the track, he started charging to catch up to the front of the field. Shortly after the halfway point, Eddie Sachs and Troy Ruttman would both drop out of the race, ultimately leaving Rathmann and Ward to battle it out in front.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [23, 45], "content_span": [46, 388]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078142-0008-0000", "contents": "1960 Indianapolis 500, Race recap, Second half\nOn about lap 124, Tony Bettenhausen came in for a routine pit stop. He complained of a smoking engine, but returned to the track. One lap later, he was back in the pits with a fire and a blown engine. Bettenhausen was unhurt, but hoisted himself out of the cockpit as it was coasting to stop in the pits to avoid getting burned.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [23, 46], "content_span": [47, 375]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078142-0009-0000", "contents": "1960 Indianapolis 500, Race recap, Second half\nIn the second half, Ward had caught up to Rathmann, with Johnny Thomson close behind in third. Rathmann and Ward swapped the lead several times, but meanwhile Ward was hoping that the pace would slow down, in order to save his tires to the end. After stalling in the pits earlier, the hard charge Ward made to get back to the front was a concern, as he was afraid he had worn out his tires prematurely. Ward was aware of Rathmann's tendencies as a driver, and allowed Rathmann to pass him for the lead. Rathmann was known for charging hard to take the lead, but once he was in the lead, would often back the pace down. Ward's prediction came true, but it was at the expense of losing ground to third place. Johnny Thomson was now catching up.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [23, 46], "content_span": [47, 789]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078142-0010-0000", "contents": "1960 Indianapolis 500, Race recap, Second half\nWith Thomson closing in on the leaders, Ward and Rathmann started charging again, racing each other hard, swapping the lead between themselves. Meanwhile, Thomson's engine lost power, and he slowed to a 5th-place finish. Inside ten laps to go, Rodger Ward seemed to have the faster car, and took the lead on lap 194. A few laps later though, Ward saw the cords in his right front tire showing, and he let off the pace. Jim Rathmann took the lead on lap 197, and pulled away for victory. Due to Ward's experience as a tire tester, he was able to nurse his car to the finish without pitting to change the bad tire, and held on to second place. Despite winning twice (1959 and 1962), Rodger Ward often considered this race his personal best.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [23, 46], "content_span": [47, 785]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078142-0011-0000", "contents": "1960 Indianapolis 500, Race recap, Second half\nPaul Goldsmith charged from 26th starting position to finish 3rd, holding off 4th place Don Branson by about a car length.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [23, 46], "content_span": [47, 169]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078142-0012-0000", "contents": "1960 Indianapolis 500, Race notes, Spectator fatalities\nTwo spectators in the infield, Fred H. Linder, 36, of Indianapolis, and William C. Craig, 37, of Zionsville, were killed, and as many as 82 were injured, when a homemade scaffolding collapsed. Approximately 125\u2013130 patrons had paid a small fee ($5\u2013$10) to view the race from the 30-foot tall scaffolding, erected by a private individual (Wilbur Shortridge, Jr.) and not the Speedway \u2013 a practice that was allowed at the time. The structure was partially anchored to a pick-up truck, and situated in the infield of turn three.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [23, 55], "content_span": [56, 581]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078142-0012-0001", "contents": "1960 Indianapolis 500, Race notes, Spectator fatalities\nOver the years, the private scaffold platforms had become a popular fixture at the Speedway, with often many located around the massive infield. They were not sponsored by the track, and at times, the track management would attempt to curtail the practice, with safety in mind. However, enforcement was inconsistent, and they were not banned outright prior to 1960.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [23, 55], "content_span": [56, 421]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078142-0013-0000", "contents": "1960 Indianapolis 500, Race notes, Spectator fatalities\nDuring the parade lap as the field drove by, the people on the platform began to lean and wave at the cars, which caused the scaffolding to become unstable. It soon tipped forward and fell to the ground, crushing people who were underneath the structure, and the 125\u2013130 people who were on it either fell or jumped to the ground. Linder and Craig were pronounced dead of broken necks, and over 80 were injured, about 22 seriously.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [23, 55], "content_span": [56, 486]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078142-0014-0000", "contents": "1960 Indianapolis 500, Race notes, Spectator fatalities\nAfter the accident, the Speedway banned \"bootleg\" homemade scaffolds at the track, a rule that still exists to this day. The track management was scrutinized by the state fire marshal and other officials for allowing the scaffolds to be constructed without permits, inspections, or any sort of safety rules. Other reports even criticized spectators who witnessed the tragedy and did little to offer help, whereas many in attendance were totally unaware of the accident. Johnny Rutherford, who was attending the race for the first time as a spectator, claims to have witnessed the accident. In addition, his future wife Betty Hoyer, a student nurse, attended to the scene.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [23, 55], "content_span": [56, 727]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078142-0015-0000", "contents": "1960 Indianapolis 500, Broadcasting, Radio\nThe race was carried live on the IMS Radio Network. Sid Collins served as chief announcer. Fred Agabashian served as \"driver expert\" for the second year. After the race, Luke Walton reported from victory lane.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [23, 42], "content_span": [43, 252]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078142-0016-0000", "contents": "1960 Indianapolis 500, Broadcasting, Radio\nFor the first time, the network reached South Africa via tape-delay rebroadcasts.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [23, 42], "content_span": [43, 124]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078142-0017-0000", "contents": "1960 Indianapolis 500, Broadcasting, Radio\nTurn 1: Bill FroshTurn 2: John PetersonBackstretch: Bernie HermanTurn 3: Lou PalmerTurn 4: Jim Shelton", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [23, 42], "content_span": [43, 145]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078143-0000-0000", "contents": "1960 Individual Long Track European Championship\nThe 1960 Individual Long Track European Championship was the fourth edition of the Long Track European Championship. The final was held on 17 July 1960 in Plattling, West Germany.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 48], "section_span": [48, 48], "content_span": [49, 228]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078143-0001-0000", "contents": "1960 Individual Long Track European Championship\nThe  title was won by Josef Hofmeister of West Germany for the second time.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 48], "section_span": [48, 48], "content_span": [49, 124]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078144-0000-0000", "contents": "1960 Individual Speedway World Championship\nThe 1960 Individual Speedway World Championship was the 15th edition of the official World Championship to determine the world champion rider.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 43], "section_span": [43, 43], "content_span": [44, 186]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078144-0001-0000", "contents": "1960 Individual Speedway World Championship\nThe final was held on the 17 September, in front of a 70,000 crowd at Wembley Stadium. In an extremely competitive final three riders tied for first place on 14 points before Ove Fundin won the ride off to claim his second world title. In the ride off Fundin defeated defending champion Ronnie Moore and former champion Peter Craven. Craven had earlier set a track record of 68.8 seconds in his first race.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 43], "section_span": [43, 43], "content_span": [44, 450]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078144-0002-0000", "contents": "1960 Individual Speedway World Championship, Second Round, Continental Final\nm - exclusion for exceeding two minute time allowance \u2022  t - exclusion for touching the tapes \u2022  x - other exclusion \u2022  e - retired or mechanical failure \u2022  f - fell \u2022  ns - non-starter \u2022  nc - non-classify", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 43], "section_span": [45, 76], "content_span": [77, 283]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078144-0003-0000", "contents": "1960 Individual Speedway World Championship, Third Round, British & Commonwealth semi finals\nTop 9 riders based on points accumulated over two rides would progress", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 43], "section_span": [45, 92], "content_span": [93, 163]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078144-0004-0000", "contents": "1960 Individual Speedway World Championship, Third Round, British & Commonwealth semi finals\n+ indicates qualifier for World Final (Bryan Elliott, Ron Johnston and Chum Taylor  were the remaining three riders to qualify)", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 43], "section_span": [45, 92], "content_span": [93, 220]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078144-0005-0000", "contents": "1960 Individual Speedway World Championship, Third Round, European Final\nm - exclusion for exceeding two minute time allowance \u2022  t - exclusion for touching the tapes \u2022  x - other exclusion \u2022  e - retired or mechanical failure \u2022  f - fell \u2022  ns - non-starter \u2022  nc - non-classify", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 43], "section_span": [45, 72], "content_span": [73, 279]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078144-0006-0000", "contents": "1960 Individual Speedway World Championship, World Final\nm - exclusion for exceeding two minute time allowance \u2022  t - exclusion for touching the tapes \u2022  x - other exclusion \u2022  e - retired or mechanical failure \u2022  f - fell \u2022  ns - non-starter \u2022  nc - non-classify", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 43], "section_span": [45, 56], "content_span": [57, 263]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078145-0000-0000", "contents": "1960 Inter-Cities Fairs Cup Final\nThe 1960 Inter-Cities Fairs Cup Final was an association football match played over two legs between Barcelona of Spain and Birmingham City of England. The first leg was played at St Andrew's, Birmingham, on 29 March 1960, and the second leg was played on 4 May at the Camp Nou, Barcelona. It was the final of the second edition of the Inter-Cities Fairs Cup, an invitational competition open to teams representing host cities of industrial trade fairs. Birmingham were the first English club side to appear in a European final. Barcelona had beaten the London XI in the inaugural final in 1958, having needed a replay to eliminate Birmingham in the semi-final.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [33, 33], "content_span": [34, 695]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078145-0001-0000", "contents": "1960 Inter-Cities Fairs Cup Final\nEach club needed to progress through three rounds to reach the final. Matches were contested over two legs, with one leg at each team's home ground. Barcelona won each of their three ties by at least two goals, and in the semi-final beat Italian club Inter Milan by eight goals to two. Birmingham's progress to the final was less emphatic, but they still won all three home legs and did not lose away from home. An 8\u20134 aggregate victory over Belgian club Union Saint-Gilloise represented their biggest winning margin.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [33, 33], "content_span": [34, 551]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078145-0002-0000", "contents": "1960 Inter-Cities Fairs Cup Final\nIn the first leg of the final, played in dreadful weather in front of a crowd of 40,524 at St Andrew's, Birmingham produced a fine defensive performance to hold Barcelona to a goalless draw. In the second leg, watched by 70,000 spectators, Barcelona were 2\u20130 up after only six minutes with goals from Eulogio Mart\u00ednez and Zolt\u00e1n Czibor. Czibor scored again and Llu\u00eds Coll added a fourth before Harry Hooper's late consolation made the final score 4\u20131. Thus Barcelona won the trophy for the second consecutive staging of the competition.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [33, 33], "content_span": [34, 570]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078145-0003-0000", "contents": "1960 Inter-Cities Fairs Cup Final, Background\nAs friendly matches had often been played between teams from cities hosting international trade fairs, a knockout cup was first proposed in 1950 to provide a competitive structure for such matches. Entry to the competition, which began in 1955 and became known as the Inter-Cities Fairs Cup, was by invitation extended not to football clubs but to the host city. Some cities entered a selection including players from more than one of that city's clubs, while others, including the cities of Birmingham and Barcelona, were represented by a single club.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 45], "content_span": [46, 598]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078145-0003-0001", "contents": "1960 Inter-Cities Fairs Cup Final, Background\nTo enable matches to be scheduled alongside the associated trade fair, three playing seasons were needed to the complete the inaugural competition. For the second edition, of which this final was the culmination, the organising committee changed the format, removing the initial group stage in favour of a straight 16-team knockout, in order to accommodate the tournament within two normal seasons.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 45], "content_span": [46, 444]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078145-0004-0000", "contents": "1960 Inter-Cities Fairs Cup Final, Background\nCF Barcelona had needed a replay to defeat Birmingham City in the semi-final of the inaugural Fairs Cup, and went on to beat the London representative XI in the final. As champions of Spain in the 1958\u201359 domestic season, Barcelona qualified for the 1959\u201360 European Cup, and played matches in that competition alongside the later rounds of the Fairs Cup. Birmingham had reached the final of a European competition for the first time, and were the first English club team to do so.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 45], "content_span": [46, 527]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078145-0005-0000", "contents": "1960 Inter-Cities Fairs Cup Final, Background\nBirmingham had struggled for most of the 1959\u201360 domestic season. Needing at least a draw from their last First Division match to be sure of avoiding relegation, they won that match, and finished the season in 19th place, two points (equivalent to one win) clear of the relegation zone. In contrast, Barcelona confirmed their second consecutive Spanish league title on the last day of the season, defeating Real Zaragoza by a five-goal margin to ensure parity on points with Real Madrid and increase their advantage on goal average. Barcelona therefore qualified for the 1960\u201361 European Cup, and both they and Birmingham accepted invitations to participate in that season's Fairs Cup.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 45], "content_span": [46, 731]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078145-0006-0000", "contents": "1960 Inter-Cities Fairs Cup Final, Route to the final, Barcelona\nOn a poor pitch made worse by the ground authorities scheduling an amateur match before the main event, and in persistent sleet so cold that players could not feel their feet, Barcelona beat a defensively sound Basel representative eleven 2\u20131 with goals from Enric Gensana and Evaristo. In the home leg, Barcelona took a four-goal lead before winning the match 5\u20132 to take the tie 7\u20133 on aggregate.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 64], "content_span": [65, 463]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078145-0007-0000", "contents": "1960 Inter-Cities Fairs Cup Final, Route to the final, Barcelona\nIn the quarter-final, they faced Inter Milan of Italy, whom Barcelona coach Helenio Herrera likened to his own club: a great team with a rich history and excellent imported players. In the home leg, Barcelona won by four goals to nil. ABC's reporter suggested that had Inter's goalkeeper Enzo Matteucci not been on such good form the winning margin might have been even wider, and picked out the defence, especially Rodri, and wing-half Joan Segarra as being outstanding in blunting the attack of the Milan stars. The second leg was played in September 1959, by which time Barcelona, as reigning Spanish champions, were competing in the European Cup as well as the Fairs Cup. Barcelona produced what ABC reported as a \"magnificent exhibition\" to win the away leg 4\u20132.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 64], "content_span": [65, 832]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078145-0008-0000", "contents": "1960 Inter-Cities Fairs Cup Final, Route to the final, Barcelona\nOn a difficult surface in Belgrade and playing into the wind, Barcelona's defence held its own against the local representative eleven\u2013\u2013 effectively a Yugoslav national selection\u00a0\u2013 who played with pace and toughness. Just before the half-time interval, Su\u00e1rez broke with pace, feeding Eulogio Mart\u00ednez, who played Evaristo in to score from close range with a powerful shot. In the second half, Kostic was brought down and the referee awarded a penalty, but Antoni Ramallets pushed it out for a corner which led to nothing. This roused the Belgrade players, but Ramallets kept them at bay.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 64], "content_span": [65, 653]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078145-0008-0001", "contents": "1960 Inter-Cities Fairs Cup Final, Route to the final, Barcelona\nIn a rare counter-attack, Mart\u00ednez appeared to be fouled in the penalty area but the referee gave nothing. Halfway through the period, Bora Kosti\u0107 scored a deserved equaliser. Star of the Barcelona team was Ram\u00f3n Alberto Villaverde, who was active in all areas of the pitch and picked out by El Mundo Deportivo as the cornerstone of Barcelona's game-plan.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 64], "content_span": [65, 420]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078145-0009-0000", "contents": "1960 Inter-Cities Fairs Cup Final, Route to the final, Barcelona\nHerrera saw the second leg, played some six weeks later, as the hardest match they would play that year, and hoped a replay would not be needed. L\u00e1szl\u00f3 Kubala opened the scoring after only five minutes with a free kick from just outside the penalty area, and Barcelona had the better of the first half, but in the 44th minute, a break down the right was finished by Branislav Mihajlovi\u0107 from close range to tie the scores. It was Barcelona who began the second half playing hard, physical football. After 57 minutes, Evaristo avoided the attentions of two opponents to score Barcelona's second. When Mart\u00ednez' cross shot went in, the Yugoslavs reacted badly, trying to attack the linesman, and Lazar Tasi\u0107 was sent off. Neither side played football during the last few minutes of the match.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 64], "content_span": [65, 855]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078145-0010-0000", "contents": "1960 Inter-Cities Fairs Cup Final, Route to the final, Birmingham City\nTwo weeks before Birmingham's opening match, away to a Cologne representative team, Arthur Turner, who had led Birmingham to the semi-final of the competition the previous season, resigned as joint manager, leaving Pat Beasley in a caretaker role. Watched by a contingent from a local Royal Air Force fighter station, Birmingham fell two goals behind.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 70], "content_span": [71, 422]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078145-0010-0001", "contents": "1960 Inter-Cities Fairs Cup Final, Route to the final, Birmingham City\nDick Neal reduced the deficit just before half-time, Birmingham spent the interval persuading the referee to fully inflate the ball\u00a0\u2013 the softer ball was perceived as better suited to the Germans' slower style of play\u00a0\u2013 and had much the better of the second half. Harry Hooper scored a fine individual goal to secure a draw. For the second leg, the German side was depleted by injury and work commitments\u00a0\u2013 they were all part-time players\u00a0\u2013 and Birmingham won comfortably with goals from Bunny Larkin and Brian Taylor.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 70], "content_span": [71, 589]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078145-0011-0000", "contents": "1960 Inter-Cities Fairs Cup Final, Route to the final, Birmingham City\nAt home in the first leg against a Zagreb XI full of players with international experience, Birmingham were without Trevor Smith, away with the England under-23 team. They won one-nil, Larkin scoring a first-half header, and goalkeeper Johnny Schofield producing several good saves to maintain the lead. They prepared for the visit to Zagreb with three friendly matches in Switzerland, in one of which Larkin was sent off and received a 14-day suspension from the Football Association (the FA).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 70], "content_span": [71, 565]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078145-0011-0001", "contents": "1960 Inter-Cities Fairs Cup Final, Route to the final, Birmingham City\nA lively game in Zagreb finished 3\u20133, with goals from Larkin (2) and Hooper, giving Birmingham a 4\u20133 aggregate win, but Smith and Zagreb forward Dionizije Dvornic were sent off late in the game. As one of four players sent off that summer while playing abroad, Smith was severely censured by the FA, who issued a warning that \"misconduct on the field of play of the nature reported brings English football into disrepute and may lead to future applications by the clubs concerned to make foreign tours being refused\".", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 70], "content_span": [71, 588]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078145-0012-0000", "contents": "1960 Inter-Cities Fairs Cup Final, Route to the final, Birmingham City\nBirmingham went into the away leg of their semi-final against Belgian club Union Saint-Gilloise under strict orders to respect the referee's whistle, and on a mission to \"salvag[e] some shred of our Soccer reputation\u2014so ruthlessly wrecked\" by Wolverhampton Wanderers' first-leg defeat to East German team Vorw\u00e4rts Berlin and Manchester United's 6\u20131 capitulation at home to Real Madrid. Anderlecht manager Bill Gormlie described Union Saint-Gilloise as \"fit, fast and powerful\", and thought Birmingham \"will do well to go home with only a one-goal deficit.\" In the event, they did rather better than that.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 70], "content_span": [71, 675]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078145-0012-0001", "contents": "1960 Inter-Cities Fairs Cup Final, Route to the final, Birmingham City\nHooper, Bryan Orritt, Taylor and Jim Barrett, who had signed only days before the game, gave them a 4\u20132 victory. The match was the last of goalkeeper Gil Merrick's club-record 551 competitive appearances in Birmingham's first team. At St Andrew's, in fog so thick that there was a distinct possibility of the match being abandoned, Birmingham repeated the 4\u20132 scoreline.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 70], "content_span": [71, 441]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078145-0012-0002", "contents": "1960 Inter-Cities Fairs Cup Final, Route to the final, Birmingham City\nThey became the first British club side to reach a European final, despite playing with ten men from the 18th minute, after Taylor suffered a badly broken leg that was to keep him out of football for a year, and finishing the match with only nine when Barrett was also injured.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 70], "content_span": [71, 348]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078145-0013-0000", "contents": "1960 Inter-Cities Fairs Cup Final, First leg\nThe Barcelona team chose not to train before the first leg of the final, in Birmingham, preferring to prepare for the game by shopping and sightseeing. The match was played in \"bitter, slanting rain\" on a St Andrew's pitch that \"almost from one goal to the other down the centre, was a series of little lakes\". Birmingham played a \"fast, open game\" more suited to the conditions, while Barcelona's technical superiority was blunted both by the mud and by the \"hard-tackling, grafting, bustling Birmingham defence, in which Smith and Neal in particular stood out like rocks long before the end\".", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 44], "content_span": [45, 639]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078145-0013-0001", "contents": "1960 Inter-Cities Fairs Cup Final, First leg\nIn the second half, Barcelona tired; El Mundo Deportivo noted that they had played a league match in Seville only 48 hours earlier and the players were not machines. The home side had three good chances: Ramallets dived at Hooper's feet, Weston ran the ball out of play when under no pressure, and a \"sliding tackle from nowhere by Gensana turned away what looked like a certain goal\", again for Weston, who said afterwards that the ball had stopped dead in the water.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 44], "content_span": [45, 513]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078145-0014-0000", "contents": "1960 Inter-Cities Fairs Cup Final, First leg\nBefore the game, Trevor Smith had told the Daily Mirror that his team intended not to commit themselves to tackling their opponents, but rather to \"funnel back\" in defence, forcing the visitors to shoot from distance. That was indeed how they played, and the tactic was successful. The Mirror's Bill Holden wrote that \"for a team struggling against relegation and up against the greatest collection of international stars by any European club, they did a wonderful job\". At a time when televised football in Britain was still generally restricted to the FA Cup Final and England international matches, the second half of the match was covered live on the BBC, with commentary by Kenneth Wolstenholme.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 44], "content_span": [45, 745]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078145-0015-0000", "contents": "1960 Inter-Cities Fairs Cup Final, Second leg\nAfter a heavy defeat to fierce rivals Real Madrid in the semi-final of the European Cup, Barcelona's directors issued a statement stressing the priority they had placed on winning that competition, in financial as well as footballing terms, and dismissed Helenio Herrera. Enric Rabassa was appointed in a caretaker role. With a six-goal lead from the first leg of their Copa del General\u00edsimo match against Ferrol, they were able to prepare for Birmingham's visit by resting some of their stronger players. El Mundo Deportivo's preview pointed out that Birmingham had been struggling in the league because of injuries, and had saved their best performances for cup matches, courtesy of the tough, tenacious quality of their team.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 45], "content_span": [46, 774]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078145-0016-0000", "contents": "1960 Inter-Cities Fairs Cup Final, Second leg\nThe Birmingham party\u00a0\u2013 fifteen players, trainer, manager, doctor and six officials\u00a0\u2013 arrived by air the afternoon before the match. Manager Pat Beasley told the press that his team had recovered from their slump in the league and were in great form, that although Barcelona were a great side, and would want to finish their opponents off in style in front of their fans, particularly after their disappointment in the European Cup, Birmingham's players were quicker and stronger than in the first leg and could spring a surprise.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 45], "content_span": [46, 575]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078145-0016-0001", "contents": "1960 Inter-Cities Fairs Cup Final, Second leg\nTrevor Smith hoped to put a brake on Barcelona as had been done in the first leg, and, while unwilling to make an explicit prediction, could envisage his team winning. The Daily Telegraph's David Miller confirmed that Birmingham were on top form, and reported that he expected at least 100 fans to make the journey from England to support their club.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 45], "content_span": [46, 396]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078145-0017-0000", "contents": "1960 Inter-Cities Fairs Cup Final, Second leg\nBarcelona were two goals ahead after six minutes. The first came when Llu\u00eds Coll's corner was headed home by Eulogio Mart\u00ednez, and a neat move was finished off by Zolt\u00e1n Czibor who received a 30-yard (27\u00a0m) lofted pass on the edge of the penalty area, swivelled, and shot home for the second. Despite numerous corners, there was no further score in the first half, and prompted by the \"tireless\" Johnny Gordon, Birmingham had attempted to combat Barcelona in midfield.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 45], "content_span": [46, 514]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078145-0017-0001", "contents": "1960 Inter-Cities Fairs Cup Final, Second leg\nBut shortly after the interval, Barcelona attacked down the right and Mart\u00ednez passed to Czibor whose second goal killed the game. Gordon Astall had two chances at goal, the former going wide and the latter being deflected in spectacular fashion by Ramallets, before another attack down the right flank allowed Mart\u00ednez to feed Coll, whose \"fierce right-foot drive through a crowd of players\" gave Barcelona a four-goal lead. With little time left, Peter Murphy, making his last appearance for Birmingham, counter-attacked down the left and sent a long cross-field pass towards Hooper, whose mobility helped him beat Ramallets to the ball and score with a header.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 45], "content_span": [46, 709]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078145-0018-0000", "contents": "1960 Inter-Cities Fairs Cup Final, Second leg\nRabassa had recalled star player L\u00e1szl\u00f3 Kubala, who had been largely excluded from the team by Herrera, and once Barcelona established such an early lead, he was able to play a withdrawn role, viewed by El Mundo Deportivo's E.L. Jimeno as directing his team's play as a conductor directs his orchestra. The Times' correspondent's fears that Birmingham had missed their opportunity on a heavy pitch against a tiring opposition\u00a0\u2013 \"here was a setting that favoured Birmingham's particular style, and they did not win\"\u00a0\u2013 were realised.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 45], "content_span": [46, 577]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078145-0018-0001", "contents": "1960 Inter-Cities Fairs Cup Final, Second leg\nAlthough in both legs of the final, Birmingham had done their best to play with a greater flexibility than the traditional rigid \"British\" style, in which players stuck to their allotted position no matter what, such a change in style was not something a team could perfect in a few weeks. Once Barcelona had a two-goal lead so early in the proceedings, the superiority of their players was bound to tell.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 45], "content_span": [46, 451]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078145-0019-0000", "contents": "1960 Inter-Cities Fairs Cup Final, Second leg\nThat reporter congratulated Lucien van Nuffel on his firmness in punishing Birmingham's dangerous play; in the last 15 minutes, some wild tackling had brought cautions for Brian Farmer and Johnny Watts. The official himself said that apart from some ill-temper born of frustration, that he thought he controlled quickly enough, neither side had given him any trouble.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 45], "content_span": [46, 413]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078145-0020-0000", "contents": "1960 Inter-Cities Fairs Cup Final, Post-match\nAccording to Jimmy Burns' Bar\u00e7a, Helenio Herrera's ideal team combined \"competitive spirit, strength and speed, together with technique\". After Barcelona beat English champions Wolverhampton Wanderers 5\u20132 in the European Cup, Herrera told the assembled press that \"You in England are playing now in the style that we Continentals used so many years ago, with much physical strength, but no method, no technique\". This final had pitted the \"Continental\" against the \"English\" style of play, and the difference was reflected in the scoreline.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 45], "content_span": [46, 586]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078145-0020-0001", "contents": "1960 Inter-Cities Fairs Cup Final, Post-match\nEl Mundo Deportivo repeated the common view that this was attributable to England's relative footballing isolation in recent years. The England team had suffered heavy defeats to European teams during the 1950s and the Football League, having refused Chelsea permission to take part in the inaugural European Cup, attempted to do the same to Manchester United, despite advice from football personalities including England captain Billy Wright that greater contact with Continental football should be encouraged in the interests of improving the standard of the English game.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 45], "content_span": [46, 620]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078145-0020-0002", "contents": "1960 Inter-Cities Fairs Cup Final, Post-match\nBecause employment in English Football League clubs was restricted to those holding British or Irish passports, top foreign players could not play in England even if the maximum wage had not removed any financial incentive to do so: Bimingham's players earned \u00a34\u00a0a\u00a0win, while Barcelona's team received the equivalent of \u00a3218\u00a0per\u00a0man for winning the Fairs Cup.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 45], "content_span": [46, 405]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078145-0021-0000", "contents": "1960 Inter-Cities Fairs Cup Final, Post-match\nThe annual meeting of the Fairs Cup organising committee, held in Barcelona alongside the final, decided to run the third edition of the competition within a single playing season. Despite having received applications from numerous additional teams, the organisers were unwilling to raise the number of participants from 16 for fear of fixture congestion. Both Barcelona and Birmingham accepted their invitation to compete: Birmingham reached the 1961 final, in which they lost to A.S. Roma, while Barcelona lost in the quarter-final. As 1960 Spanish champions, they also entered the European Cup and reached the final.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 45], "content_span": [46, 665]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078145-0022-0000", "contents": "1960 Inter-Cities Fairs Cup Final, Post-match\nBirmingham stayed on in Spain for a post-season tour. They were invited to play Third Division Atl\u00e9tico Baleares in honour of the opening of the club's new stadium in Palma de Mallorca, but the game was abandoned with \"scuffles going on all over the field\" after two Birmingham men, Peter Murphy and Dick Neal, were sent off, the former for a foul on the hosts' captain, Cresp\u00ed, that broke his leg so badly that he was forced to retire from football.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 45], "content_span": [46, 496]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078145-0022-0001", "contents": "1960 Inter-Cities Fairs Cup Final, Post-match\nThe players' reputation both footballing and behavioural was to some extent redeemed in a charity match in aid of the \"Pro Suburbios\" campaign against slum housing, a 1\u20131 draw with a Sevilla XI that El Mundo Deportivo's sub-editor thought would not go down in history.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 45], "content_span": [46, 314]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078145-0022-0002", "contents": "1960 Inter-Cities Fairs Cup Final, Post-match\nBut the trouble in Mallorca, combined with two sendings-off in this edition of the Fairs Cup and another in a friendly in Switzerland, resulted in the Football Association telling the Birmingham club that they \"cannot play overseas until [they] have given firm undertakings to uphold the prestige and reputation of British clubs and the F.A. at all times\".", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 45], "content_span": [46, 402]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078146-0000-0000", "contents": "1960 Intercontinental Cup\nThe 1960 Intercontinental Cup was the inaugural edition of the matchup between the reigning European football champion and the reigning South American football champion. The idea was born of discussions between Pierre Delauney, UEFA secretary and Jos\u00e9 Ram\u00f3n de Freitas, CONMEBOL secretary.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [25, 25], "content_span": [26, 315]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078146-0001-0000", "contents": "1960 Intercontinental Cup\nThe two-legged tie was contested between Spanish club Real Madrid (1959\u201360 European Cup winner) and Uruguayan club Pe\u00f1arol (1960 Copa Libertadores winner). The first match-up ended with Los Merengues holding Pe\u00f1arol to a 0\u20130 draw in Montevideo's Estadio Centenario and soundly winning 5\u20131 in the return leg in Madrid's Santiago Bernab\u00e9u thanks to the marvelous performances of Alfredo Di St\u00e9fano and Ferenc Pusk\u00e1s.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [25, 25], "content_span": [26, 440]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078147-0000-0000", "contents": "1960 International 200\nThe 1960 International 200 was a NASCAR Grand National Series event that was held on June 26, 1960, at Bowman Gray Stadium in Winston-Salem, North Carolina.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [22, 22], "content_span": [23, 179]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078147-0001-0000", "contents": "1960 International 200\nThe transition to purpose-built racecars began in the early 1960s and occurred gradually over that decade. Changes made to the sport by the late 1960s brought an end to the \"strictly stock\" vehicles of the 1950s.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [22, 22], "content_span": [23, 235]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078147-0002-0000", "contents": "1960 International 200, Background\nBowman Gray Stadium is a NASCAR sanctioned 1\u20444-mile (0.40\u00a0km) asphalt flat oval short track and longstanding football stadium located in Winston-Salem, North Carolina. It is one of stock car racing's most legendary venues, and is referred to as \"NASCAR's longest-running weekly race track\". Bowman Gray Stadium is part of the Winston-Salem Sports and Entertainment Complex and is home of the Winston-Salem State University Rams football team. It was also the home of the Wake Forest University football team from 1956 until Groves Stadium (later BB&T Field) opened in 1968.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [24, 34], "content_span": [35, 608]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078147-0003-0000", "contents": "1960 International 200, Race report\nIt took one hour and five minutes to resolve two hundred laps of racing. The average speed of the race was 45.872 miles per hour (73.824\u00a0km/h) while Lee Petty would qualify for the pole position with a speed of 47.850 miles per hour (77.007\u00a0km/h). These speeds would be relatively slow on today's highway systems for passenger automobiles. Glen Wood managed to defeat Petty by half a lap in the actual race.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [24, 35], "content_span": [36, 443]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078147-0004-0000", "contents": "1960 International 200, Race report\nA magnificent combination of driver skill and the lighter non-American vehicles would do a lot to overcome raw horsepower at Bowman Gray Stadium. The modern NASCAR Cup Series is more influenced by futuristic technology typically found in Formula One vehicles; making driver skill secondary to impromptu luck-based strategies made during the race. The foreign makes that participated in this race were the MG (as a part of Great Britain's now-defunct MG Cars) and the Triumph (as a part of Great Britain's now-defunct Triumph Motor Company). Smokey Cook would end up as the last-place finisher in a 1952 MG T-type.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [24, 35], "content_span": [36, 649]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078147-0005-0000", "contents": "1960 International 200, Race report\nLowe's appeared as an official NASCAR sponsor for the first time in its history. Ten thousand and five hundred people appeared in person to watch this live untelevised race. This would be the 22nd race out of the 44 raced that year; making this race the official halfway point of the 1960 Grand National Series season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [24, 35], "content_span": [36, 354]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078147-0006-0000", "contents": "1960 International 200, Race report\nIndividual race winnings ranged from the winner's share of $1,125 ($9,723 when adjusted for inflation) to the last-place finisher's share of $140 ($1,210 when adjusted for inflation). NASCAR allowed the organizers of this event to give out a grand total of $4,755 for all the qualifying drivers ($41,094 when adjusted for inflation).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [24, 35], "content_span": [36, 369]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078147-0007-0000", "contents": "1960 International 200, Finishing order\n* Driver failed to finish race \u2020 Driver is deceased", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [24, 39], "content_span": [40, 91]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078148-0000-0000", "contents": "1960 International Cross Country Championships\nThe 1960 International Cross Country Championships was held in Hamilton, Scotland, at the Hamilton Park on 26 March 1960. A report on the event was given in the Glasgow Herald.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 46], "section_span": [46, 46], "content_span": [47, 223]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078148-0001-0000", "contents": "1960 International Cross Country Championships\nComplete results, medallists,  and the results of British athletes were published.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 46], "section_span": [46, 46], "content_span": [47, 129]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078148-0002-0000", "contents": "1960 International Cross Country Championships, Participation\nAn unofficial count yields the participation of 71 athletes from 8 countries.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 46], "section_span": [48, 61], "content_span": [62, 139]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078149-0000-0000", "contents": "1960 International Gold Cup\nThe VII International Gold Cup was a motor race, run to Formula One rules, held on 24 September 1960 at Oulton Park, Cheshire. The race was run over 60 laps of the circuit, and was won by British driver Stirling Moss in a Lotus 18.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [27, 27], "content_span": [28, 259]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078149-0001-0000", "contents": "1960 International Gold Cup\nThe Scuderia Eugenio Castellotti team did not arrive after their transporter was involved in an accident and the cars were damaged. During the race, Ian Burgess was black-flagged due to his car grounding excessively.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [27, 27], "content_span": [28, 244]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078149-0002-0000", "contents": "1960 International Gold Cup\nThis was the last European Formula One race run to the 2.5 litre Formula, with the new 1.5 litre Formula being introduced for 1961.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [27, 27], "content_span": [28, 159]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078150-0000-0000", "contents": "1960 International Meeting of Communist and Workers Parties\nIn 1960 an International Meeting of Communist and Workers Parties was held in Moscow. It was preceded by a conference of 12 Communist and Workers Parties of Socialist countries held in Moscow November 1957 and the Bucharest Conference of Representatives of Communist and Workers Parties in June 1960. Issues discussed at these meetings are associated with the Sino-Soviet split.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 59], "section_span": [59, 59], "content_span": [60, 438]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078150-0001-0000", "contents": "1960 International Meeting of Communist and Workers Parties\nParticipants were (Soviet sources omit the names of 3 parties; one is believed to have been the CPUSA):", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 59], "section_span": [59, 59], "content_span": [60, 163]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078152-0000-0000", "contents": "1960 Iowa Hawkeyes football team\nThe 1960 Iowa Hawkeyes football team represented the University of Iowa in the 1960 Big Ten Conference football season. The Hawkeyes were led by head coach Forest Evashevski, coaching in his 9th (and final) season. Iowa finished as co-Big Ten Conference champions with the Golden Gophers. The Golden Gophers were selected to represent the Big Ten in the Rose Bowl.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [32, 32], "content_span": [33, 397]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078153-0000-0000", "contents": "1960 Iowa Senate election\nThe 1960 Iowa State Senate elections took place as part of the biennial 1960 United States elections. Iowa voters elected state senators in 29 of the state senate's 50 districts. State senators serve four-year terms in the Iowa State Senate.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [25, 25], "content_span": [26, 267]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078153-0001-0000", "contents": "1960 Iowa Senate election\nA statewide map of the 50 state Senate districts in the year 1960 is provided by the Iowa General Assembly", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [25, 25], "content_span": [26, 132]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078153-0002-0000", "contents": "1960 Iowa Senate election\nThe primary election on June 6, 1960 determined which candidates appeared on the November 8, 1960 general election ballot.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [25, 25], "content_span": [26, 148]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078153-0003-0000", "contents": "1960 Iowa Senate election\nFollowing the previous election, Republicans had control of the Iowa state Senate with 33 seats to Democrats' 17 seats.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [25, 25], "content_span": [26, 145]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078153-0004-0000", "contents": "1960 Iowa Senate election\nTo claim control of the chamber from Republicans, the Democrats needed to net 9 Senate seats.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [25, 25], "content_span": [26, 119]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078153-0005-0000", "contents": "1960 Iowa Senate election\nRepublicans maintained control of the Iowa State Senate following the 1960 general election with the balance of power shifting to Republicans holding 35 seats and Democrats having 15 seats (a net gain of 2 seats for Republicans).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [25, 25], "content_span": [26, 255]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078154-0000-0000", "contents": "1960 Iowa State Cyclones football team\nThe 1960 Iowa State Cyclones football team represented Iowa State University in the Big Eight Conference during the 1960 NCAA University Division football season. In their third year under head coach Clay Stapleton, the Cyclones compiled a 7\u20133 record (4\u20133 against conference opponents), finished in fourth place in the conference, and outscored their opponents by a combined total of 185 to 136. They played their home games at Clyde Williams Field in Ames, Iowa.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [38, 38], "content_span": [39, 502]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078154-0001-0000", "contents": "1960 Iowa State Cyclones football team\nThe regular starting lineup on offense consisted of left ended Larry Montre, left tackle Ron Walter, left guard Dick Scensiak, center Arden Esslinger, right guard Dan Celoni, right tackle Larry Van Der Heyden, right end Don Webb, quarterback Cliff Rick, left halfback Dave Hoppmann, right halfback J.W. Burden, and fullback Tom Watkins. Gary Ellis was the punter, and Cliff Rick was the placekicker. Arden Esslinger was the team captain.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [38, 38], "content_span": [39, 476]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078154-0002-0000", "contents": "1960 Iowa State Cyclones football team\nThe team's statistical leaders included Dave Hoppmann with 844 rushing yards and 214 passing yards, Don Webb with 203 receiving yards, and Tom Watkins with 60 points scored (10 touchdowns) each. Tom Watkins was selected as a first-team all-conference player.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [38, 38], "content_span": [39, 297]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078155-0000-0000", "contents": "1960 Iowa State Teachers Panthers football team\nThe 1960 Iowa State Teachers Panthers football team represented Iowa State Teachers College (later renamed University of Northern Iowa) in the North Central Conference during the 1960 NCAA College Division football season. In its first season under head coach Stan Sheriff, the team compiled a 9\u20131 record (6\u20130 against NCC opponents) and won the NCC championship.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 47], "section_span": [47, 47], "content_span": [48, 410]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078155-0001-0000", "contents": "1960 Iowa State Teachers Panthers football team\nFive players received all-conference honors: guard George Asleson; quarterback Jerry Morgan; end Mace Reyerson; center Charles Schulte; and guard Wendell Williams. Asleson also received All-America honors from the Associated Press.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 47], "section_span": [47, 47], "content_span": [48, 279]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078155-0002-0000", "contents": "1960 Iowa State Teachers Panthers football team\nReyerson set a team record, eclipsed 25 years later, with 127 interception return yards. The defense also set a team record on October 29 with seven interceptions against South Dakota.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 47], "section_span": [47, 47], "content_span": [48, 232]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078156-0000-0000", "contents": "1960 Iowa gubernatorial election\nThe 1960 Iowa gubernatorial election was held on November 8, 1960. Republican nominee Norman A. Erbe defeated Democratic nominee Edward Joseph McManus with 52.14% of the vote.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [32, 32], "content_span": [33, 208]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078157-0000-0000", "contents": "1960 Iranian general election\nParliamentary elections were held in Iran between 30 July and 20 August 1960.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [29, 29], "content_span": [30, 107]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078157-0001-0000", "contents": "1960 Iranian general election\nIn order to demonstrate the appearance of a democratic free election, the Shah allowed candidates from the popular National Front to compete, however it returned no seats for them.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [29, 29], "content_span": [30, 210]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078157-0002-0000", "contents": "1960 Iranian general election\nThe announced result was a massive victory for the Prime Minister Eghbal's Party of Nationalists. The elections \"were extensively and clumsily rigged\" and the fraud \"was exposed in the press, provoked public rancor and restlessness\".", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [29, 29], "content_span": [30, 263]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078157-0003-0000", "contents": "1960 Iranian general election\nAside from the opposition figures, pseudo-opposition People's Party and a number of independents led by Ali Amini denounced the elections. The results were annulled by the Shah, and fresh elections were held the following year.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [29, 29], "content_span": [30, 257]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078158-0000-0000", "contents": "1960 Irish Greyhound Derby\nThe 1960 Irish Greyhound Derby took place during July and August with the final being held at Shelbourne Park in Dublin on 13 August 1960.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [26, 26], "content_span": [27, 165]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078158-0001-0000", "contents": "1960 Irish Greyhound Derby\nThe winner Perrys Apple won \u00a31,000 and was owned and trained by Paddy Behan and bred by Charlie Weld.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [26, 26], "content_span": [27, 128]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078158-0002-0000", "contents": "1960 Irish Greyhound Derby, Competition report\nThe prize money for the 1960 Irish Derby final would once again rise to \u00a31,000. The Dublin tracks had introduced tote betting which enabled the increase to be implemented. English entries had been sparse over the previous years and the increase contributed to the decision of some leading English connections to travel over including the legendary Pigalle Wonder. A record 96 greyhounds lined up for the event and the first round provided the usual selection of shocks that included English stars Faithful Charlie trained by Jim Irving and Joe DeMulder's Fearless Mac.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [28, 46], "content_span": [47, 615]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078158-0003-0000", "contents": "1960 Irish Greyhound Derby, Competition report\nPigalle Wonder won two rounds before losing in round three but qualifying for the semi-finals without incident, another leading English greyhound and Pigalle Wonder's kennelmate Long Story had clocked the fastest time to also make the semis.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [28, 46], "content_span": [47, 288]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078158-0004-0000", "contents": "1960 Irish Greyhound Derby, Competition report\nThe first semi-final resulted in Perrys Apple defeating Pigalle Wonder with The Black Ranger a distant third place. The second qualifier went to 33-1 shot Eccentric Sam from Edenderry Princess and Kilmoney Tulip. Long Story had found serious trouble and failed to make the final.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [28, 46], "content_span": [47, 326]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078158-0005-0000", "contents": "1960 Irish Greyhound Derby, Competition report\nOn the evening of the final Perrys Apple ran the perfect race leading all the way and ran out an easy winner from The Black Ranger. Pigalle Wonder trailed in last after encountering significant trouble.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [28, 46], "content_span": [47, 249]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078158-0006-0000", "contents": "1960 Irish Greyhound Derby, Competition report\nAfter the event the champion Perrys Apple and two finalists Eccentric Sam and Kilmoney Tulip all found themselves at auction hoping to attract buyers from England. Remarkably all three failed to meet their reserves, the champion Perrys Apple only attracted a 750 guineas on a reserve of \u00a32,250. Meanwhile, Pigalle Wonder now aged four and a half years old was retired and he served nearly ten years at stud, during which time his influence on greyhound racing was to prove considerable.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [28, 46], "content_span": [47, 533]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078159-0000-0000", "contents": "1960 Irish local elections\nThe 1960 local elections were held from 23 to 30 June 1960 for the council seats in all counties, cities and towns of the Republic of Ireland. A total of 2,745 candidates stood for 1,454 seats.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [26, 26], "content_span": [27, 220]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078159-0001-0000", "contents": "1960 Irish local elections, Summary\nElections were uncontested in nine urban councils (the urban district councils of Monaghan, Castleblayney, and Westport, and the town commissioners of Ballybay, Ballyshannon, Belturbet, Boyle, Lismore and Mountmellick) and one local electoral area (LEA) of Monaghan County Council. Elsewhere, voter turnout was 54%, ranging from 29% for Dublin City Council to over 80% in Ballina, Cashel, Clonakilty and Kilkee.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [28, 35], "content_span": [36, 447]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078159-0002-0000", "contents": "1960 Irish local elections, Summary\nThe county boroughs of Cork, Limerick, and Waterford  each formed a single LEA with large numbers of seats and counts: respectively 21 and 63, 17 and 26, and 15 and 34.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [28, 35], "content_span": [36, 204]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078159-0003-0000", "contents": "1960 Irish local elections, Summary\nA D\u00e1il by-election for Carlow\u2013Kilkenny was held on 23 June, the same day as the local elections in the corresponding areas. The Elections Act 1960 was a technical act to enable the by-election and local elections to use the same administration, giving cost savings estimated at \u00a31,400.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [28, 35], "content_span": [36, 321]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078160-0000-0000", "contents": "1960 Isle of Man TT\nThe 1960 Isle of Man TT was the second round of the 1960 Grand Prix motorcycle racing season. It took place between 13 June and 17 June 1960 at the Snaefell Mountain Course.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [19, 19], "content_span": [20, 193]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078161-0000-0000", "contents": "1960 Israel Song Festival\nThe 1960 Israel Song Festival was the 1st edition of the annual Israel Song Festival. It took place in Tel Aviv and was held at Heichal HaTarbut on 2 May 1960 as part of the 1960 Independence Day celebrations. The show was hosted by Itzhak Shimoni.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [25, 25], "content_span": [26, 274]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078161-0001-0000", "contents": "1960 Israel Song Festival\nNine songs were selected to participate in the competition. Each song was performed twice on the night, once by a male singer and once by female singer, in order to give precedence to the song over the performing artist.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [25, 25], "content_span": [26, 246]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078161-0002-0000", "contents": "1960 Israel Song Festival\nThe winning song was \"Erev Ba\" (Evenfall; Hebrew: \u05e2\u05e8\u05d1 \u05d1\u05d0\u200e), which was written by Oded Avisar and composed by Arie Levanon and was performed by Aliza Kashi and by Shimon Bar.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [25, 25], "content_span": [26, 199]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078161-0003-0000", "contents": "1960 Israel Song Festival, History\nThe idea for the competition came from Kol Yisrael producer Israel Daliyot after seeing people celebrating Domenico Modugno's victory in the 1959 Sanremo Music Festival while on vacation in Rome. Daliyot approached the Israel Broadcasting Service, and with involvement of the Prime Minister's Office, the first festival was held as part of the 1960 Independence Day celebrations, using budget allocated for the celebrations, rather than Kol Yisrael budget.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [27, 34], "content_span": [35, 491]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078161-0004-0000", "contents": "1960 Israel Song Festival, History\nA committee headed by Minister of Health Yisrael Barzilai selected the nine participating songs out of hundreds of songs submitted. The winning song was allocated a prize of 1,500 pounds, while second and third prizes were 1,000 pounds and 500 pounds. Each prize was split by the writer and composer of the song. The prize was awarded to the winners by Minister of Education & Culture, Abba Eban.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [27, 34], "content_span": [35, 431]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078161-0005-0000", "contents": "1960 Israel Song Festival, Format\nEach song was allocated a male and female singer which performed the song one after the other. Following the performance an interval show was performed by Ma\u00eetrise de Radio France while the crowd present in the venue cast its votes. Following the interval, the third, second and first prizes were announced, with each song performed by the two performers (as a duet) after each announcement.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [27, 33], "content_span": [34, 425]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078161-0006-0000", "contents": "1960 Israel Song Festival, Songs\nThe song \"Leil HaChag\" was originally written by Iraqi Jew Shlomo Sha'ashu'a in Arabic and was translated to Hebrew by poet Yosef Lichtenboim. On the night, in each performance of the song, the first verse of the song was sung in Arabic.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [27, 32], "content_span": [33, 270]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078162-0000-0000", "contents": "1960 Italian Athletics Championships\nThe 1960 Italian Athletics Championships was the 50th edition of the Italian Athletics Championships and were held in Bologna on 25-27 September (track & field events).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [36, 36], "content_span": [37, 205]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078163-0000-0000", "contents": "1960 Italian Grand Prix\nThe 1960 Italian Grand Prix was a Formula One motor race held at Monza on 4 September 1960. It was race 9 of 10 in the 1960 World Championship of Drivers and race 8 of 9 in the 1960 International Cup for Formula One Manufacturers. The race was won by American driver Phil Hill driving a Ferrari 246 F1.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [23, 23], "content_span": [24, 326]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078163-0001-0000", "contents": "1960 Italian Grand Prix, Race summary\nThe 1960 season had been a frustrating one for Ferrari's Formula 1 program as they campaigned their obsolete Dino 246, a front engined car as the rear engined design established supremacy. Due to the boycott by British teams, the championship had already been decided for Jack Brabham and Ferrari had gone without a victory. Seeing an opportunity, the Italian organizers decided to maximize Ferrari's one advantage\u00a0\u2014straightline speed\u2014 by using the combined Monza road and banked oval circuit, making the fast Monza even faster.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 37], "content_span": [38, 566]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078163-0002-0000", "contents": "1960 Italian Grand Prix, Race summary\nCiting the fragility of their cars and the dangers of the banking, the major British factory teams of the day\u2014Lotus, BRM, and Cooper, all boycotted the event, leading to a cobbled together field of private entrants and Formula 2 cars.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 37], "content_span": [38, 272]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078163-0003-0000", "contents": "1960 Italian Grand Prix, Race summary\nThe race was a processional affair, with Ginther leading at the start and eventually being overtaken by Hill. The pair with teammate Willy Mairesse raced on to a rare 1\u20132\u20133 team result for Scuderia Ferrari. The boycott also allowed Scuderia Castellotti to score its only world championship points with Giulio Cabianca finishing fourth in his Cooper T51, two laps behind Hill and ahead of Scuderia Ferrari's fourth entry, Wolfgang von Trips in a 1.5 L-engined (conforming to F2 regulations) Ferrari 156 F2 car.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 37], "content_span": [38, 547]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078163-0004-0000", "contents": "1960 Italian Grand Prix, Race summary\nIt was the first victory by an American driver in a Grand Prix since Jimmy Murphy in 1921, and the first by an American in the Formula One  World Championship.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 37], "content_span": [38, 197]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078163-0005-0000", "contents": "1960 Italian Grand Prix, Race summary\nIt was the last Formula One World Championship victory by a front-engined car, although the Ferguson P99 won the non-championship Gold Cup at Oulton Park in 1961.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 37], "content_span": [38, 200]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078164-0000-0000", "contents": "1960 Italian local elections\nThe 1960 Italian local elections were held on 6 and 7 November. The elections were held in 6,900 municipalities and 78 provinces.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [28, 28], "content_span": [29, 158]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078164-0001-0000", "contents": "1960 Italian local elections, Provincial elections\nResults summary of 77 provinces. The elections were not held in the provinces of Gorizia, Vercelli and due to force majeure in the province of Rovigo.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 50], "content_span": [51, 201]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078165-0000-0000", "contents": "1960 Ivorian general election\nGeneral elections were held in Ivory Coast on 27 November 1960 to elect a President and National Assembly. Under the constitution enacted that year, the country was officially a one-party state with the Democratic Party of Ivory Coast \u2013 African Democratic Rally (PDCI-RDA) as the sole legal party. Its leader, F\u00e9lix Houphou\u00ebt-Boigny, was automatically elected to a five-year term as president and unanimously confirmed in office via a referendum. A single list of PDCI-RDA candidates won all 70 seats in the National Assembly. Voter turnout was 95.9% in the parliamentary election and 98.8% in the presidential election.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [29, 29], "content_span": [30, 650]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078166-0000-0000", "contents": "1960 Ivy League football season\nThe 1960 Ivy League football season was the fifth season of college football play for the Ivy League and was part of the 1960 NCAA University Division football season. The season began on September 24, 1960, and ended on November 24, 1960. Ivy League teams were 10\u20136 against non-conference opponents and Yale won the conference championship.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [31, 31], "content_span": [32, 373]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078166-0001-0000", "contents": "1960 Ivy League football season, 1961 NFL Draft\nTwo Ivy League players were drafted in the 1961 NFL draft, held in December 1960: Ben Balme and Mike Pyle.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 47], "content_span": [48, 154]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078167-0000-0000", "contents": "1960 Japan Series\nThe 1960 Japan Series was the Nippon Professional Baseball (NPB) championship series for the 1960 season. It was the 11th Japan Series and featured the Pacific League champions, the Daimai Orions, against the Central League champions, the Taiyo Whales.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [17, 17], "content_span": [18, 270]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078167-0001-0000", "contents": "1960 Japan Series, Matchups, Game 1\nTuesday, October 11, 1960 \u2013 1:04 pm at Kawasaki Stadium in Kawasaki, Kanagawa Prefecture", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 35], "content_span": [36, 124]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078167-0002-0000", "contents": "1960 Japan Series, Matchups, Game 2\nWednesday, October 12, 1960 \u2013 12:59 pm at Kawasaki Stadium in Kawasaki, Kanagawa Prefecture", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 35], "content_span": [36, 127]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078167-0003-0000", "contents": "1960 Japan Series, Matchups, Game 3\nFriday, October 14, 1960 \u2013 1:00 pm at Korakuen Stadium in Bunky\u014d, Tokyo", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 35], "content_span": [36, 107]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078167-0004-0000", "contents": "1960 Japan Series, Matchups, Game 4\nSaturday, October 15, 1960 \u2013 1:00 pm at Korakuen Stadium in Bunky\u014d, Tokyo", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 35], "content_span": [36, 109]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078168-0000-0000", "contents": "1960 Japanese general election\nGeneral elections were held in Japan on 20 November 1960. The result was a victory for the Liberal Democratic Party, which won 296 of the 467 seats. Voter turnout was 73.5%, the lowest since the 1947 general elections.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [30, 30], "content_span": [31, 249]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078168-0001-0000", "contents": "1960 Japanese general election, Background\nThe elections came near the end of a turbulent year marked by violent labour disputes at Mitsui Miike Coal Mine, the \"May 19th Incident\" in which Nobusuke Kishi and LDP lawmakers in the Diet forced the revised US-Japan Security Treaty through parliament (causing an upsurge in the Anpo protests), and the assassination of Japan Socialist Party (JSP) leader Inejir\u014d Asanuma by wakizashi-wielding right-wing youth named Otoya Yamaguchi. Prior to the elections there were a number of left-wing street protests and right-wing vigilante actions.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 42], "content_span": [43, 583]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078168-0002-0000", "contents": "1960 Japanese general election, Campaign\nAs public antipathy was largely towards Kishi and his cabinet, rather than flagship LDP policies, the election was not a setback for the party. Kishi's successor, Hayato Ikeda, was popular for his moderate attitude and public image as a practical finance minister, and LDP candidates focused heavily on issues such as maintaining already-strong economic growth. Ikeda made a splash with his promise to double the national income in ten years, known as the \"Income Doubling Plan,\" which also promised economic benefits such as tax cuts to small businesses, farmers, and consumers.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 40], "content_span": [41, 620]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078168-0003-0000", "contents": "1960 Japanese general election, Campaign\nThe LDP also benefitted from factionalism in the JSP, as the more moderate and anti-communist Democratic Socialist Party seceded from the JSP at the beginning of the year, leading to a spoiler effect.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 40], "content_span": [41, 241]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078168-0004-0000", "contents": "1960 Japanese general election, Results\nAlthough the LDP saw a small reduction in its vote share compared to the 1958 elections and the JSP and DSP collectively received around 1.3 million more votes than the united JSP did in the 1958 elections, the LDP gained nine seats, while the JSP and DSP lost a net four seats.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 39], "content_span": [40, 318]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078170-0000-0000", "contents": "1960 Kansas City Athletics season\nThe 1960 Kansas City Athletics season was the sixth in Kansas City and the 60th overall. It involved the A's finishing eighth in the American League with a record of 58 wins and 96 losses, 39 games behind the AL Champion New York Yankees.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [33, 33], "content_span": [34, 272]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078170-0001-0000", "contents": "1960 Kansas City Athletics season, Offseason\nAt the 1959 Winter Meetings, Pittsburgh Pirates General Manager Joe L. Brown had agreed to trade Dick Groat to the Kansas City Athletics in exchange for Roger Maris. Pirates' manager Danny Murtaugh had advised Brown that he did not want to lose Groat, and the deal was never finalized. Maris was traded to the New York Yankees on December 11.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 44], "content_span": [45, 387]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078170-0002-0000", "contents": "1960 Kansas City Athletics season, Offseason\nOn March 10, 1960, owner Arnold Johnson died at the age of 53. After the 1960 season, the team would be sold by Johnson's estate to businessman Charlie Finley.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 44], "content_span": [45, 204]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078170-0003-0000", "contents": "1960 Kansas City Athletics season, Player stats, Batting, Starters by position\nNote: Pos = Position; G = Games played; AB = At bats; R = Runs scored; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 78], "content_span": [79, 220]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078170-0004-0000", "contents": "1960 Kansas City Athletics season, Player stats, Batting, Other batters\nNote: G = Games played; AB = At bats; R = Runs scored; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 71], "content_span": [72, 197]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078170-0005-0000", "contents": "1960 Kansas City Athletics season, Player stats, Pitching, Starting pitchers\nNote: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 76], "content_span": [77, 187]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078170-0006-0000", "contents": "1960 Kansas City Athletics season, Player stats, Pitching, Other pitchers\nNote: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 73], "content_span": [74, 184]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078170-0007-0000", "contents": "1960 Kansas City Athletics season, Player stats, Pitching, Relief pitchers\nNote: G = Games pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; SV = Saves; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 74], "content_span": [75, 175]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078171-0000-0000", "contents": "1960 Kansas Jayhawks football team\nThe 1960 Kansas Jayhawks football team represented the University of Kansas during the 1960 NCAA University Division football season. The Jayhawks were led by third-year head coach Jack Mitchell and played their home games at Memorial Stadium in Lawrence, Kansas.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [34, 34], "content_span": [35, 298]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078171-0001-0000", "contents": "1960 Kansas Jayhawks football team\nKansas started the season with an upset over #11 TCU, shooting them up the polls. Losses were suffered to two top-two teams in #2 Syracuse and #1 Iowa, as well as a tie to Oklahoma. The Jayhawks ended the regular season with an upset victory over their arch-rivals and previously-undefeated #1 Missouri Tigers. Their victory earned them their first outright Big 8 Conference championship since 1930 and an invitation to the 1961 Orange Bowl. They finished 11th in the final AP Poll, their second ever ranked finish, and first since 1947.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [34, 34], "content_span": [35, 572]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078171-0002-0000", "contents": "1960 Kansas Jayhawks football team\nControversy surrounded the end of the season, however, as Kansas was found to have fielded an ineligible player, Bert Coan, in their games against Colorado and Missouri. The Big 8 Conference considers those games to be forfeits by Kansas, though Kansas and the NCAA recognize Kansas' on-field victories. The forfeited games remain a topic of dispute in the Border War.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [34, 34], "content_span": [35, 403]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078172-0000-0000", "contents": "1960 Kansas State Wildcats football team\nThe 1960 Kansas State Wildcats football team represented Kansas State University in the 1960 NCAA University Division football season. The team's head football coach was Doug Weaver. It was Weaver's first season at the helm of the Wildcats. The Wildcats played their home games in Memorial Stadium. The Wildcats finished the season with a 1\u20139 record with a 0\u20137 record in conference play. They finished in eighth place. The Wildcats scored just 78 points and gave up 316 points.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [40, 40], "content_span": [41, 518]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078173-0000-0000", "contents": "1960 Kansas gubernatorial election\nThe 1960 Kansas gubernatorial election was held on November 8, 1960. Republican nominee John Anderson Jr. defeated Democratic incumbent George Docking with 55.5% of the vote.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [34, 34], "content_span": [35, 209]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078174-0000-0000", "contents": "1960 Kent State Golden Flashes football team\nThe 1960 Kent State Golden Flashes football team was an American football team that represented Kent State University  in the Mid-American Conference (MAC) during the 1960 NCAA University Division football season. In their 15th season under head coach Trevor J. Rees, the Golden Flashes compiled a 6\u20133 record (4\u20132 against MAC opponents), finished in third place in the MAC, and were outscored by all opponents by a combined total of 129 to 118.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [44, 44], "content_span": [45, 489]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078174-0001-0000", "contents": "1960 Kent State Golden Flashes football team\nThe team's statistical leaders included Marty Grosjean with 482 rushing yards, Jim Flynn with 423 passing yards, and Bob Gusbar with 301 receiving yards. Offensive lineman Bob Gusbar was selected as a first-team All-MAC player.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [44, 44], "content_span": [45, 272]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078175-0000-0000", "contents": "1960 Kentucky Derby\nThe 1960 Kentucky Derby was the 86th running of the Kentucky Derby. The race took place on May 7, 1960.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [19, 19], "content_span": [20, 123]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078176-0000-0000", "contents": "1960 Kentucky Wildcats football team\nThe 1960 Kentucky Wildcats football team were an American football team that represented the University of Kentucky as a member of the Southeastern Conference during the 1960 NCAA University Division football season. In their seventh season under head coach Blanton Collier, the team compiled a 5\u20134\u20131 record (2\u20134\u20131 in the SEC).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [36, 36], "content_span": [37, 364]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078177-0000-0000", "contents": "1960 Kerala Legislative Assembly election\nThe Kerala Legislative Assembly election of 1960 was the second assembly election in the Indian state of Kerala. The elections were held on 1 February 1960.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 41], "section_span": [41, 41], "content_span": [42, 198]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078177-0001-0000", "contents": "1960 Kerala Legislative Assembly election, Background\nIn the 1957 elections in Kerala, the Communist Party of India formed the government with the support of five independents. But in 1959, the Central Government dismissed the democratically elected government through the controversial Article 356 of the Indian Constitution following \"The Liberation Struggle\", even though the elected communist government was enjoying majority support within the legislature. After a short period of the President's rule, fresh elections were called in 1960.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 41], "section_span": [43, 53], "content_span": [54, 544]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078177-0002-0000", "contents": "1960 Kerala Legislative Assembly election, Constituencies\nThere were 114 legislative assembly constituencies in the Kerala Legislative Assembly, 1957. Out of these 102 were single-member constituencies while the number of double-member constituencies was 12. One constituency was reserved for Schedule Caste. There were 64,77,665 electors in single-member constituencies, while in double-member constituencies there were 15,63,333 electors. Total 312 candidates contested for the 126 seats of the 114 constituencies in the Assembly. Poll percentage was 85.72%, an increase of 20.23% from 65.49% in 1957 assembly elections.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 41], "section_span": [43, 57], "content_span": [58, 622]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078177-0003-0000", "contents": "1960 Kerala Legislative Assembly election, Political parties\nFour national parties, Communist Party of India, Indian National Congress, Praja Socialist Party and Bharatiya Jana Sangha along with the state party Muslim League took part in the assembly election. In these elections, the Indian National Congress, Praja Socialist Party, and Indian Union Muslim League formed a pre-poll alliance to counter the Communist Party of India. Together they fielded 125 candidates and supported an independent candidate, while the Communist Party of India fielded 108 candidates and gave party support to 16 independents.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 41], "section_span": [43, 60], "content_span": [61, 610]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078177-0004-0000", "contents": "1960 Kerala Legislative Assembly election, Government formation\nCongress and Praja Socialist Party alliance got the majority in the election and hence formed the government. Pattom A. Thanu Pillai of the Praja Socialist Party became the chief minister and R. Sankar of the Indian National Congress became the deputy chief minister on 22 February 1960, with eleven council ministers.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 41], "section_span": [43, 63], "content_span": [64, 382]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078177-0005-0000", "contents": "1960 Kerala Legislative Assembly election, Government formation\nPattam A. Thanu Pillai resigned on 26 September 1962 after he was appointed as the Governor of Punjab and R. Sankar became the first Congress Chief Minister of Kerala.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 41], "section_span": [43, 63], "content_span": [64, 231]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078178-0000-0000", "contents": "1960 Kilkenny Senior Hurling Championship\nThe 1960 Kilkenny Senior Hurling Championship was the 66th staging of the Kilkenny Senior Hurling Championship since its establishment by the Kilkenny County Board.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 41], "section_span": [41, 41], "content_span": [42, 206]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078178-0001-0000", "contents": "1960 Kilkenny Senior Hurling Championship\nOn 9 October 1960, Bennettsbridge won the championship after a 4-05 to 3-04 defeat of Glenmore in the final. It was their seventh championship title overall and their second title in succession.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 41], "section_span": [41, 41], "content_span": [42, 236]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078179-0000-0000", "contents": "1960 Kurri Kurri state by-election\nA by-election was held for the New South Wales Legislative Assembly seat of Kurri Kurri on Saturday 8 October 1960 and was triggered by the death of George Booth (Labor).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [34, 34], "content_span": [35, 205]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078180-0000-0000", "contents": "1960 LPGA Championship\nThe 1960 LPGA Championship was the sixth LPGA Championship, held July 1\u20134 at Sheraton Hotel Country Club in French Lick, Indiana.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [22, 22], "content_span": [23, 152]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078180-0001-0000", "contents": "1960 LPGA Championship\nMickey Wright won the second of her four LPGA Championships, three strokes ahead of Louise Suggs, the 1957 winner. Defending champion Betsy Rawls finished nine strokes back in third place. It was the fourth of thirteen major titles for Wright.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [22, 22], "content_span": [23, 266]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078180-0002-0000", "contents": "1960 LPGA Championship\nThe course was designed by Donald Ross; it opened in 1917 and was originally known as the \"Hill Course.\" It hosted the PGA Championship in 1924, the second of five won by Walter Hagen and the first of four consecutive. It is now named the \"Donald Ross Course.\" It was the second consecutive year for the LPGA Championship at the course.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [22, 22], "content_span": [23, 359]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078181-0000-0000", "contents": "1960 LPGA Tour\nThe 1960 LPGA Tour was the 11th season since the LPGA Tour officially began in 1950. The season ran from January 15 to September 25. The season consisted of 23 official money events. Mickey Wright won the most tournaments, six. Louise Suggs led the money list with earnings of $16,892.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [14, 14], "content_span": [15, 300]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078181-0001-0000", "contents": "1960 LPGA Tour\nThere were no first-time winners in 1960, the only season in LPGA history that this happened.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [14, 14], "content_span": [15, 108]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078181-0002-0000", "contents": "1960 LPGA Tour, Tournament results\nThe following table shows all the official money events for the 1960 season. \"Date\" is the ending date of the tournament. The numbers in parentheses after the winners' names are the number of wins they had on the tour up to and including that event. Majors are shown in bold.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [16, 34], "content_span": [35, 310]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078182-0000-0000", "contents": "1960 LSU Tigers football team\nThe 1960 LSU Tigers football team represented Louisiana State University during the 1960 NCAA University Division football season. Under head coach Paul Dietzel, the Tigers had a record of 5\u20134\u20131 with a Southeastern Conference record of 2\u20133\u20131. It was Dietzel's sixth season as head coach at LSU.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [29, 29], "content_span": [30, 324]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078182-0001-0000", "contents": "1960 LSU Tigers football team\nThe game vs. Ole Miss was the Tigers' last visit to Oxford, Mississippi until 1989.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [29, 29], "content_span": [30, 113]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078183-0000-0000", "contents": "1960 La Fl\u00e8che Wallonne\nThe 1960 La Fl\u00e8che Wallonne was the 24th edition of La Fl\u00e8che Wallonne cycle race and was held on 9 May 1960. The race started in Li\u00e8ge and finished in Charleroi. The race was won by Pino Cerami of the Peugeot team.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [23, 23], "content_span": [24, 239]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078184-0000-0000", "contents": "1960 La Trobe by-election\nA by-election was held for the Australian House of Representatives seat of La Trobe on 9 April 1960. This was triggered by the resignation of Liberal MP Richard Casey to take up a life peerage in the British House of Lords. A by-election for the seat of Hunter was held on the same day.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [25, 25], "content_span": [26, 312]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078185-0000-0000", "contents": "1960 Labour Party Shadow Cabinet election\nElections to the Labour Party's Shadow Cabinet (more formally, its \"Parliamentary Committee\") occurred in November 1960. In addition to the 12 members elected, the Leader (Hugh Gaitskell), Deputy Leader (George Brown), Labour Chief Whip (Herbert Bowden), Labour Leader in the House of Lords (A. V. Alexander), and Labour Chief Whip in the House of Lords (Lord Faringdon)  were automatically members.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 41], "section_span": [41, 41], "content_span": [42, 441]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078186-0000-0000", "contents": "1960 Labour Party deputy leadership election\nThe 1960 Labour Party deputy leadership election took place in November 1960, after the death of sitting deputy leader Aneurin Bevan.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [44, 44], "content_span": [45, 178]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078186-0001-0000", "contents": "1960 Labour Party deputy leadership election, Candidates\nThe ballot coincided with a leadership election, where leader Hugh Gaitskell saw off left-wing challenger Harold Wilson. In the deputy leadership election, Brown and Callaghan both supported Gaitskell, while Lee was aligned with the left wing of the party.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [46, 56], "content_span": [57, 313]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078186-0002-0000", "contents": "1960 Labour Party deputy leadership election, Results\nAs a result of the first round, Callaghan was eliminated. The remaining two candidates would face each other in a second round.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [46, 53], "content_span": [54, 181]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078187-0000-0000", "contents": "1960 Labour Party leadership election\nThe 1960 Labour Party leadership election was held when, for the first time since 1955, the incumbent leader Hugh Gaitskell was challenged for re-election. Normally the annual re-election of the leader had been a formality. Gaitskell had lost the 1959 general election and had seen the Labour Party conference adopt a policy of unilateral nuclear disarmament which he considered disastrous and refused to support. A vacancy in the deputy leadership was first made by the death of incumbent Aneurin Bevan.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [37, 37], "content_span": [38, 542]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078187-0001-0000", "contents": "1960 Labour Party leadership election, Background\nFollowing the heavy defeat of the Labour Party in the 1959 general election, its leader Hugh Gaitskell had determined that the party must change fundamentally to make itself electable. He decided to attempt to rewrite Clause IV of the party constitution, which appeared to commit it to nationalisation of every industry. However his move provoked firm opposition from the major unions and the left-wing of the party, and facing certain defeat, he withdrew it in March 1960.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [39, 49], "content_span": [50, 523]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078187-0001-0001", "contents": "1960 Labour Party leadership election, Background\nIn the meantime the Government's decision to abandon the British Blue Streak missile and buy instead the US Skybolt system had made nuclear weapons a prominent political issue. Gaitskell supported the decision to buy an American system and to remain in NATO, a policy stance which outraged the left. At the party conference in Scarborough in October 1960, motions calling for unilateral nuclear disarmament were carried despite Gaitskell's speech declaring that he and his allies would \"fight and fight and fight again to save the Party we love\".", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [39, 49], "content_span": [50, 596]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078187-0002-0000", "contents": "1960 Labour Party leadership election, Background\nElections for the Leader and Deputy Leader were formally held by the Parliamentary Labour Party at the beginning of each Parliamentary session, which happened later in October. There was already a vacancy for the Deputy Leader of the Party due to the death of Aneurin Bevan in July, and many senior party figures were weighing up whether to stand for that post; contested elections for vacant posts were usual, but incumbents were not normally challenged.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [39, 49], "content_span": [50, 505]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078187-0002-0001", "contents": "1960 Labour Party leadership election, Background\nThe result of the faction-fighting was that many on the left thought Gaitskell was both out of touch with the party and that a challenge might force him to the left, so they were keen to have a credible challenger. One left candidate who was keen to fight for the deputy leadership was Harold Wilson, who found himself subjected to pressure to challenge Gaitskell instead. Peter Shore, then head of the Research Department at party headquarters, thought Gaitskell had lost the confidence of party staff and Wilson could restore it. Jennie Lee, Bevan's widow and a fellow Labour MP, led a delegation to Wilson.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [39, 49], "content_span": [50, 659]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078187-0003-0000", "contents": "1960 Labour Party leadership election, Background\nWilson resisted but his hand was forced when Anthony Greenwood resigned from the Shadow Cabinet saying he would not serve under Gaitskell while he defied conference decisions. Greenwood then announced his candidature for leader but said he would stand aside in favour of someone with \"broader\" appeal, by which he meant Wilson. Wilson knew that the leadership challenge would not succeed but thought he stood a good chance of winning the deputy leadership; what changed his mind was the fear that he would lose the mantle of the left-wing standard bearer should he not stand.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [39, 49], "content_span": [50, 625]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078187-0003-0001", "contents": "1960 Labour Party leadership election, Background\nHe was also still furious with Gaitskell over a failed attempt to move him from the post of Shadow Chancellor of the Exchequer the previous year. Although Wilson was aligned to the left, he was not a supporter of unilateralism; in standing for the leadership he said the issue was \"unity versus civil war\".", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [39, 49], "content_span": [50, 356]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078187-0004-0000", "contents": "1960 Labour Party leadership election, Ballot\nThe result of the only ballot of Labour MPs on 3 November was as follows:", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [39, 45], "content_span": [46, 119]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078188-0000-0000", "contents": "1960 Lady Wigram Trophy\nThe 1960 Lady Wigram Trophy was a motor race held at the Wigram Airfield Circuit on 23 January 1960. It was the ninth Lady Wigram Trophy to be held and was won by Jack Brabham in the Cooper T51.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [23, 23], "content_span": [24, 218]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078189-0000-0000", "contents": "1960 Lafayette Leopards football team\nThe 1960 Lafayette Leopards football team was an American football team that represented Lafayette College during the 1960 NCAA College Division football season. Lafayette finished fourth in the Middle Atlantic Conference, University Division, and last in the Middle Three Conference.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [37, 37], "content_span": [38, 322]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078189-0001-0000", "contents": "1960 Lafayette Leopards football team\nIn their third year under head coach James McConlogue, the Leopards compiled a 5\u20134 record. Charles Bartos and Robert Howard were the team captains.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [37, 37], "content_span": [38, 185]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078189-0002-0000", "contents": "1960 Lafayette Leopards football team\nWith a 4\u20133 record in the MAC University Division, Lafayette had more wins than the third-place team, Lehigh (3\u20132), but placed below the Engineers because of their win percentages. The Leopards went 0\u20132 against the Middle Three, losing to both Lehigh and Rutgers.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [37, 37], "content_span": [38, 300]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078189-0003-0000", "contents": "1960 Lafayette Leopards football team\nLafayette played its home games at Fisher Field on College Hill in Easton, Pennsylvania.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [37, 37], "content_span": [38, 126]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078190-0000-0000", "contents": "1960 Lamar Tech Cardinals football team\nThe 1960 Lamar Tech Cardinals football team competed at the NCAA College Division level as a member of the Lone Star Conference. The Cardinals finished the season with an 8\u20134 record overall and a 5\u20132 conference record.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [39, 39], "content_span": [40, 258]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078191-0000-0000", "contents": "1960 Laotian coups\nThe 1960 Laotian coups brought about a pivotal change of government in the Kingdom of Laos. General Phoumi Nosavan established himself as the strongman running Laos in a bloodless coup on 25 December 1959. He would be himself overthrown on 10 August 1960 by the young paratrooper captain who had backed him in the 1959 coup. When Captain Kong Le impressed the American officials underwriting Laos as a potential communist, they backed Phoumi's return to power in November and December 1960. In turn, the Soviets backed Kong Le as their proxy in this Cold War standoff. After the Battle of Vientiane ended in his defeat, Kong Le withdrew northward to the strategic Plain of Jars on 16 December 1960.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 18], "section_span": [18, 18], "content_span": [19, 717]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078191-0001-0000", "contents": "1960 Laotian coups\nHaving taken an independent stance in the Laotian Civil War, Kong Le and his Forces Armee Neutraliste would remain an unpredictable influence upon the war until 1974.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 18], "section_span": [18, 18], "content_span": [19, 185]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078191-0002-0000", "contents": "1960 Laotian coups, Overview and background\nBeginning on 23 December 1950, the United States began military aid to the French administration of the Kingdom of Laos as they fought the First Indochina War. U.S. support would increase to the point of underwriting the Lao budget in its entirety. The rationale behind the support was that it was in American interests to combat the communist insurrectionists in Laos as part of the Cold War. Banned by treaty from stationing an overt Military Assistance Advisory Group in Laos, in December 1955 the U.S instead chose to establish a \"civilian\" military aid office within the U.S. embassy in Vientiane. The Programs Evaluation Office was charged with channeling war material to the Lao military.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 18], "section_span": [20, 43], "content_span": [44, 739]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078191-0003-0000", "contents": "1960 Laotian coups, Overview and background\nOf the 68 ethnic minorities that comprised the Lao population, the Lao Loum numerically predominated. They dwelt along the Mekong River Valley along the southern border with the Kingdom of Thailand. The King of Laos and most of the ruling class of Laos were Lao Loum. About 20 of these influential lowland Lao families actually controlled Laos. With the PEO confined to office work, distribution of military goods took place without PEO followup. From 1955 to 1958, the U.S. would sink $202 million into Laos. This aid led to corruption as it was siphoned off by recipients.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 18], "section_span": [20, 43], "content_span": [44, 618]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078191-0004-0000", "contents": "1960 Laotian coups, Overview and background\nAs Bernard Fall noted from personal observation, the support of the Lao military was for political reasons, and not necessarily for self-defense. The Lao soldiers were among the most highly paid in the world. They cost an average of about $1,000 apiece annually; the global average for a soldier's pay was $848 per capita. Many Lao soldiers were fictional recruits, with their pay being siphoned off by Lao officers. Junior Lao officers afforded expensive villas. More disheartening to PEO, there were thievish Americans in the program.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 18], "section_span": [20, 43], "content_span": [44, 580]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078191-0005-0000", "contents": "1960 Laotian coups, Overview and background\nThe basic Lao economy was so underdeveloped that an artificial economy developed. U.S. dollars funded imports that were sold commercially on the open market. The resultant Lao kips went to underwrite the Lao military. These payments were also subsequently turned over into foreign goods. With no controls on the imports, the quality and utility of provisions were often ignored.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 18], "section_span": [20, 43], "content_span": [44, 422]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078191-0006-0000", "contents": "1960 Laotian coups, Overview and background\nFall summarized the result by quoting a pro-American Lao officer, Sisouk na Champassak: \"Black market deals in American aid dollars reached such proportions that the Pathet Lao needed no propaganda to turn the rural people against the townspeople.\"", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 18], "section_span": [20, 43], "content_span": [44, 292]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078191-0007-0000", "contents": "1960 Laotian coups, Overview and background\nThis rampant boodling would provoke the ire of young Royal Lao Army Captain Kong Le.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 18], "section_span": [20, 43], "content_span": [44, 128]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078191-0008-0000", "contents": "1960 Laotian coups, The coups, Phoumi Nosavan's rise to power\nOn 29 July 1959, under command of General Amkha Soukhavong, Captain Kong Le led Bataillon Parachutistes 2 (Parachute Battalion 2) to reinforce other Royalist troops engaged with the Pathet Lao communists in armed disputes over Royalist outposts in Xam Neua Province. Accompanied by two Filipino advisers, the battalion patrolled for three days without contact with any enemy. When the captain drove to Xam Neua City to report to General Amkha, he was outraged to find the city had been abandoned by the general, as well as by its military and civil administration. Kong Le was further disgruntled by the RLA's failure to pay his men while they were on the combat sweep.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 18], "section_span": [20, 61], "content_span": [62, 731]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078191-0009-0000", "contents": "1960 Laotian coups, The coups, Phoumi Nosavan's rise to power\nBy December 1959, Kong Le and his paratroop battalion were bivouacked at Wattay Airfield outside the Lao capital of Vientiane. Camp Sikhay offered the paras a choice of battered wooden shacks or decaying French colonial housing on the banks of the Mekong River. Kong Le made connections with the Project Hotfoot Special Forces who were building a ranger training course nearby. As a result, BP 2 would run through the ranger training in 200 man increments.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 18], "section_span": [20, 61], "content_span": [62, 518]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078191-0010-0000", "contents": "1960 Laotian coups, The coups, Phoumi Nosavan's rise to power\nWhile the commanding officer of BP 2 was in the United States, leaving Kong Le in charge of the battalion, he was approached by his uncle-in-law, General Ouane Rattikone. On 25 December 1959, the term of the National Assembly expired. However, elections for its replacement were not scheduled until April. As Kong Le led the only crack troops in town, his help was essential in helping Ouane and General Phoumi Nosavan install the latter in power to fill the political vacuum. The paras secured their airfield, captured the city's radio station, the national bank, municipal power plant, and various ministries without firing a single shot. Prime Minister Phoui Sananikone had been decisively deposed. Phoumi thus succeeded to the dictatorship of Laos because of Kong Le's decisive actions.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 18], "section_span": [20, 61], "content_span": [62, 852]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078191-0011-0000", "contents": "1960 Laotian coups, The coups, Kong Le's coup\nOn 7 January 1960, a 67-year-old moderate politician named Kou Abhay was appointed as Prime Minister of Laos. His mandate was to serve until elections in April. The April elections were fraudulently fixed by the Royal Lao Army, aided by the Central Intelligence Agency. The Pathet Lao lost to such unfair tactics as gerrymandered election districts, payoffs, and stuffed ballot boxes. Prince Somsanith Vongkotrattana was named Prime Minister.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 18], "section_span": [20, 45], "content_span": [46, 488]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078191-0012-0000", "contents": "1960 Laotian coups, The coups, Kong Le's coup\nAt 0300 hours 10 August 1960, Kong Le launched the Second Paratroop Battalion in a coup. The same crucial points were seized as in the 1959 coup, with the addition of the seizure of Vientiane's docks at Tha Deua and the arrest of General Sounthone Pathammavong, the army commander in chief. By 0700 hours, Kong Le controlled the capital. Only six people were killed during the takeover. Any possible opposition was stranded in Luang Prabang. Thao Ma flew to Luang Prabang to relate news of the coup to Phoumi Nosavan.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 18], "section_span": [20, 45], "content_span": [46, 563]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078191-0013-0000", "contents": "1960 Laotian coups, The coups, Kong Le's coup\nKong Le's ascension to power had lifted him from obscurity to the world's notice. Both sides of the proxy war, the Americans and the Russians, began to shape their moves to influence him. Within a day, the Pathet Lao pledged their cooperation with Kong Le.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 18], "section_span": [20, 45], "content_span": [46, 302]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078191-0014-0000", "contents": "1960 Laotian coups, The coups, Tussle for spoils\nOnce in power, Kong Le denounced foreign intervention in Laos. In a series of public speeches on 10 and 11 August, the new head of state spoke out for the need for national neutrality. He saw little reason for Lao to fight Lao, as the Pathet Lao and the Royalists were doing. He resented undue influence by the wealthy ruling families. In a blunt broadcast, he claimed:", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 18], "section_span": [20, 48], "content_span": [49, 418]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078191-0015-0000", "contents": "1960 Laotian coups, The coups, Tussle for spoils\nWhat leads us to carry out this revolution is our desire to stop the bloody civil war; eliminate grasping public servants and military commanders...whose property amounts to much more than their monthly salaries can afford.... It is the Americans who have brought government officials and army commanders, and caused war and dissension in our country.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 18], "section_span": [20, 48], "content_span": [49, 400]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078191-0016-0000", "contents": "1960 Laotian coups, The coups, Tussle for spoils\nOf all the displaced government officials, only Phoumi Nosavan, holding the post of Minister of Defense, resisted being overthrown. On 10 August, Phoumi was flown by Thao Ma to Bangkok to solicit support from his first cousin, Field Marshal Sarit Thanarat, the dictator of the Kingdom of Thailand.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 18], "section_span": [20, 48], "content_span": [49, 346]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078191-0017-0000", "contents": "1960 Laotian coups, The coups, Tussle for spoils\nOn 13 August, the National Assembly met under the guns of the mutineers; under duress, they dismissed the cabinet members stranded in Luang Prabang. At the same time, Kong Le demanded Souvanna Phouma assume the post of Prime Minister. Meanwhile, Phoumi was flown by Thao Ma to Savannakhet to establish a headquarters there to pull together a resistance movement. On 14 August, 21 members of the deposed administration joined him there. On 16 August, pro-Phoumi propaganda leaflets were airdropped on Vientiane, promising Phoumi's return. However, in Vientiane on 17 August, the National Assembly, while held captive by Kong Le's forces, formed a new Royal Lao Government, naming Souvanna Phouma as Prime Minister. Souvanna subsequently appointed General Ouane as commander in chief of the RLA.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 18], "section_span": [20, 48], "content_span": [49, 842]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078191-0018-0000", "contents": "1960 Laotian coups, The coups, Tussle for spoils\nOfficial American reactions to the situation were mixed. In Vientiane, American officials, the Project Hotfoot teams, and the Programs Evaluation Office did not choose a side. However, a shadow PEO of about 40 Americans was formed in Savannakhet to support Phoumi because he was an avowed anti-communist. He began broadcasting anti-Kong Le radio messages on 18 August. Also on 18 August 1960, a Voice of America broadcast announced that it would support the King of Laos in his choice. The next day, Radio Pathet Lao began broadcasting anti-Kong Le propaganda. Kong Le had his own leaflets airdropped over Savannakhet on 19 August. Meanwhile, Field Marshal Sarit established the secretive Kaw Taw unit to channel support to Phoumi.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 18], "section_span": [20, 48], "content_span": [49, 780]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078191-0019-0000", "contents": "1960 Laotian coups, The coups, Tussle for spoils\nOn 23 August, U.S. officials assured Phoumi of their backing. That same day, Kong Le handed out 3,000 weapons for self-defense to villagers on the outskirts of Vientiane; most of these guns ended up in Pathet Lao hands. When Thai Border Patrol Police commandos from Phoumi's side shelled Vientiane on both 1 and 4 September, Kong Le's troops drove them off.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 18], "section_span": [20, 48], "content_span": [49, 406]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078191-0020-0000", "contents": "1960 Laotian coups, The coups, Tussle for spoils\nThe U.S. suspected Kong Le was leaning toward becoming an independent communist like Fidel Castro. There was political turmoil and sporadic combat within Laos as both Kong Le and Phoumi solicited support from Lao senior officers. Kong Le had not only the support of his own BP 2 in Military Region 5, but also that of the co-located BP 3. The staff at Military Region 1 in Luang Prabang plumped for him, as did Lieutenant Colonel Khamouane Boupha and his troops in farflung Phongsaly Province. Internationally, he drew tepid support, mostly by communist-bloc nations. The French military mission delivered vague promises and fresh French uniforms. Lao commanding officers such as Generals Amkha Soukhavong, Kouprasith Abhay, Ouane Rattikone, Oudone Sananikone, and Sing Rattanasamy backed him with various levels of enthusiasm.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 18], "section_span": [20, 48], "content_span": [49, 876]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078191-0021-0000", "contents": "1960 Laotian coups, The coups, Tussle for spoils\nOn 10 September 1960, Phoumi and Prince Boun Oum formed a Revolutionary Committee to oppose Souvanna Phouma's rule. Phoumi used his influence with the Thai dictator to have an embargo placed on overland shipments into Laos; 10,000 tons of Vientiane-bound U.S. military materiel accumulated on Thai loading docks. During the second week in September 1960, the CIA supplied Phoumi with a $1,000,000 bankroll to finance his coup. On 16 September, the Pathet Lao ordered their troops to forgo attacking Kong Le's neutralist forces in favor of attacking Royalist units. The following day, the 2nd Pathet Lao Parachute Battalion attacked a Royalist garrison of 1,500 troops in Xam Neua. The Americans, who had been indecisive, now plumped for aerial resupply of besieged Xam Neua; they stressed that the action was purely defensive.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 18], "section_span": [20, 48], "content_span": [49, 875]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078191-0022-0000", "contents": "1960 Laotian coups, The coups, Tussle for spoils\nThe Royal Lao Army lacking its own airlift capacity, Air America was contracted to use its two C-46s and two C-47s to resupply the RLA from 17 to 27 September. Meanwhile, on 22 September 1960, elements of BP 2 evicted pro-Phoumi troops from Pakxan, 120 kilometers from Vientiane. In the far north, in the Pathet Lao occupied territory of Xam Neua, Kong Le's paratroopers parachuted in on 28 September. Two plus battalions of pro-Phoumi troops fled the city on 29 September, leaving it under control of Kong Le and the Pathet Lao. To the south of them, an airborne assault on Vientiane by Phoumi's paratroopers was scheduled for 29 September, then cancelled.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 18], "section_span": [20, 48], "content_span": [49, 706]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078191-0023-0000", "contents": "1960 Laotian coups, The coups, Tussle for spoils\nOn 6 October, American ambassador Winthrop G. Brown, in ongoing attempts at mending the national split, asked King Sisavang Vatthana to form a caretaker government that would include both sides. Former ambassador and serving Assistant Secretary of State J. Graham Parsons flew in to pressure Souvanna Phouma into breaking contact with the Soviets. On 17 October, his companion, John N. Irwin II, flew south to Ubon to assure Phoumi of U.S. support. Also in early October, the U.S. suspended aid to Laos. Vang Pao declared that Military Region 2's forces backed Phoumi.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 18], "section_span": [20, 48], "content_span": [49, 617]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078191-0023-0001", "contents": "1960 Laotian coups, The coups, Tussle for spoils\nAfter internecine struggle, by 10 November, Military Region 1 remained in Phoumi's control. On 9 November, after agreeing to accept Soviet aid, Souvanna named his new cabinet. It included Quinim Pholsena and a couple of Pathet Lao officials. This solidified American support for Phoumi. Moreover, on 16 November, General Ouane changed sides; he flew to Savannakhet to join Phoumi.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 18], "section_span": [20, 48], "content_span": [49, 429]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078191-0024-0000", "contents": "1960 Laotian coups, The coups, Phoumi's counter-coup\nWith Central Intelligence Agency financial backing, and aided by CIA-trained commandos, at 0800 hours on 21 November 1960 Phoumi's troops launched their counter-coup to reclaim Vientiane. The northward movement to Vientiane would take nearly a month, but by 7 December, they were approaching Paksan, and poised for an attack on the capital. Kong Le ordered most of his paratroopers from Vientiane to reinforce his forward garrison at Paksan.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 18], "section_span": [20, 52], "content_span": [53, 494]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078191-0025-0000", "contents": "1960 Laotian coups, The coups, Phoumi's counter-coup\nOn 10 December, General Southone tried to confer with Colonel Kouprasith Abhay in Vientiane; however, Abhay had sneaked off to Tha Deua to confer with Phoumi, who had helicoptered in for a planning meeting.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 18], "section_span": [20, 52], "content_span": [53, 259]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078191-0026-0000", "contents": "1960 Laotian coups, The coups, Phoumi's counter-coup, Kouprasith Abhay's counter-coup attempt\nAt this juncture, on 8 December, Colonel Kouprasith Abhay ventured forth from lurking in Camp Chinaimo to co-opt an air drop of paratroopers incoming from Luang Prabang. He gathered a scratch force of two companies of airborne soldiers and 150 military clerks and moved them in to displace the few Kong Le paras left in the capital. Kouprasith's men seized the radio station and various strategic points in the town. He announced his allegiance to Souvanna Phouma, and his opposition to Kong Le. Kouprasith doubted Phoumi's ability to solve the ongoing crisis; his name went unmentioned in the proclamations.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 18], "section_span": [20, 93], "content_span": [94, 702]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078191-0027-0000", "contents": "1960 Laotian coups, The coups, Phoumi's counter-coup, Kouprasith Abhay's counter-coup attempt\nKong Le promptly recalled his reinforcements, and airborne soldiers returning from Paksan wearing scarlet armbands displaced Kouprasith's troops wearing white ones. Paksan fell to Phoumi on 8 December. Thus Kouprasith's counter-coup within the counter-coup was ended by the paratroopers responsible for the ongoing coup.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 18], "section_span": [20, 93], "content_span": [94, 414]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078191-0028-0000", "contents": "1960 Laotian coups, Battle of Vientiane\nSuspicious of Kouprasith's ambitions, Phoumi appointed Brigadier General Bounleut Sanichanh as commander-in-chief of the counter-coup forces. On 9 December, Souvanna Phouma appointed General Southone to head the nation, then fled to Phnom Penh, Cambodia.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 18], "section_span": [20, 39], "content_span": [40, 294]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078191-0029-0000", "contents": "1960 Laotian coups, Battle of Vientiane\nAt 1030 hours on 10 December 1960, representatives of Kong Le departed for Hanoi to formalize a pact  beginning a Soviet-backed airlift. Meanwhile, a scratch force of Phoumists launched a flanking movement from Savannakhet through Thailand to Chinimao.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 18], "section_span": [20, 39], "content_span": [40, 292]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078191-0030-0000", "contents": "1960 Laotian coups, Battle of Vientiane\nKong Le spent 11 and 12 December trying to whip up the Vientiane citizenry's support for FAN. Phoumi's forces had pushed through Paksan and were crossing the Nam Ngum (Ngum River) only 50 kilometers from Vientiane. Meanwhile, in Luang Prabang, a quorum of the National Assembly, having been flown in by U.S. Operations Mission aircraft, voted \"no confidence\" in Souvanna Phouma's regime, and endorsed Phoumi and his Revolutionary Committee. By Lao law, the vote of \"no confidence\" left the country without a legal government until the king pronounced an ordinance establishing a new one. Royal Ordinance 282 promptly followed, in favor of Phoumi.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 18], "section_span": [20, 39], "content_span": [40, 686]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078191-0031-0000", "contents": "1960 Laotian coups, Battle of Vientiane\nThe battle for Vientiane began at 1320 hours on 13 December 1960 as Phoumi's forces attacked. The following four days' fighting would severely damage Vientiane. The central district was left in ruins; fallen trees and loose electrical wires littered the streets. The devastated city had suffered at least 600 houses destroyed, about an equal number of citizens killed, and 7,000 were left homeless. Military casualties were minor. One source reported paratrooper casualties as three killed, ten wounded; another gives a figure of 17 killed.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 18], "section_span": [20, 39], "content_span": [40, 580]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078191-0032-0000", "contents": "1960 Laotian coups, Battle of Vientiane\nOn 16 December, Kong Le loaded his troops onto vehicles and retreated northwards toward the Plain of Jars, leaving Phoumi's forces in control of the capital and country.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 18], "section_span": [20, 39], "content_span": [40, 209]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078191-0033-0000", "contents": "1960 Laotian coups, Aftermath\nOn 27 December 1960, Phoumi lodged a protest with the United Nations because the Soviet Union was airlifting supplies to Kong Le's troops. Once he did that, he was supplied with ten T-6 Harvards from Royal Thai Air Force stocks to build up the Royal Lao Air Force.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 18], "section_span": [20, 29], "content_span": [30, 294]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078191-0034-0000", "contents": "1960 Laotian coups, Aftermath\nAs the battle wound down, 40 National Assembly members were flown from Luang Prabang to Savannakhet via Air America. Once they passed a vote of no confidence, the King appointed Prince Boun Oum to head an interim government, although Souvanna had yet to resign as Prime Minister. Both Thailand and the United States immediately recognized the new government.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 18], "section_span": [20, 29], "content_span": [30, 388]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078191-0035-0000", "contents": "1960 Laotian coups, Aftermath\nKong Le and his newly formed Forces Armee Neutraliste (Neutralist Armed Force) succeeded in withdrawing northward to the strategic 500 square mile Plain of Jars. Once there, they were supported by a Soviet airlift supply operation.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 18], "section_span": [20, 29], "content_span": [30, 261]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078191-0036-0000", "contents": "1960 Laotian coups, Aftermath\nOnce established there, FAN would pursue an erratic course. It would ally with, fight against, or coexist with, either Vietnamese, Pathet Lao, or Royalist forces through 1974.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 18], "section_span": [20, 29], "content_span": [30, 205]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078192-0000-0000", "contents": "1960 Laotian parliamentary election\nParliamentary elections were held in Laos on 24 April 1960 to elect members of the National Assembly, the lower chamber of Parliament. The result was a victory for the Committee for the Defence of the National Interests, which won 34 of the 59 seats.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [35, 35], "content_span": [36, 286]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078193-0000-0000", "contents": "1960 Latvian SSR Higher League, Overview\nIt was contested by 12 teams, and ASK won the championship.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 40], "content_span": [41, 100]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078194-0000-0000", "contents": "1960 Lebanese general election\nGeneral elections were held in Lebanon between 12 June and 2 July 1960. Independent candidates won the majority of seats. Voter turnout was 50.7%.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [30, 30], "content_span": [31, 177]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078195-0000-0000", "contents": "1960 Leeds City Council election\nThe Leeds municipal elections were held on 12 May 1960, with one third of the council set to be re-elected.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [32, 32], "content_span": [33, 140]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078195-0001-0000", "contents": "1960 Leeds City Council election\nA large swing of 5.5% to the Conservatives allowed them their first election victory since 1951 - having won the most votes in several elections since then, but never amounting to a majority of seats. The Conservatives made their six gains from Labour in the wards of Beeston, Bramley, Harehills, Stanningley, Westfield, Woodhouse and Wortley, halving Labour's majority of councillors from 24 to 12.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [32, 32], "content_span": [33, 432]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078195-0002-0000", "contents": "1960 Leeds City Council election\nElsewhere, the Liberals managed a post-war first of beating Labour to second place in Allerton and Far Headingley, and the first Independent candidate standing since the war, Dennis Peddar, made negligible impact in Westfield. Turnout fell sharply for this election - by nearly a quarter from the previous year - to a new low of 27.5%.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [32, 32], "content_span": [33, 368]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078195-0003-0000", "contents": "1960 Leeds City Council election, Election result\nThe result had the following consequences for the total number of seats on the council after the elections:", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 49], "content_span": [50, 157]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078196-0000-0000", "contents": "1960 Lehigh Engineers football team\nThe 1960 Lehigh Engineers football team was an American football team that represented Lehigh University during the 1960 NCAA College Division football season. Lehigh finished third in the Middle Atlantic Conference, University Division, and second in the Middle Three Conference.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [35, 35], "content_span": [36, 316]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078196-0001-0000", "contents": "1960 Lehigh Engineers football team\nIn their 15th year under head coach William Leckonby, the Engineers compiled a 4\u20135 record. William Jones was the team captain.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [35, 35], "content_span": [36, 162]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078196-0002-0000", "contents": "1960 Lehigh Engineers football team\nLehigh finished third in the MAC University Division with a record of 3\u20132 against conference opponents. The Engineers went 1\u20131 against the Middle Three, losing to Rutgers and beating Lafayette.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [35, 35], "content_span": [36, 229]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078196-0003-0000", "contents": "1960 Lehigh Engineers football team\nOpening the season with a three-game winning streak, the Engineers rose to No. 3 in the UPI Small College Coaches Poll before a longer streak of five losses pushed them out of the top 20. They finished the year unranked.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [35, 35], "content_span": [36, 256]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078196-0004-0000", "contents": "1960 Lehigh Engineers football team\nLehigh played its home games at Taylor Stadium on the university campus in Bethlehem, Pennsylvania.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [35, 35], "content_span": [36, 135]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078197-0000-0000", "contents": "1960 Liberty Bowl\nThe 1960 Liberty Bowl was a college football postseason bowl game played on December 17, 1960. The second edition of the Liberty Bowl, the game featured the Penn State Nittany Lions and the Oregon Webfoots, both independent programs.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [17, 17], "content_span": [18, 251]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078197-0001-0000", "contents": "1960 Liberty Bowl, Background\nPenn State was making their second straight Liberty Bowl appearance, while Oregon was appearing in a bowl game after a two-year absence. 30 degree weather with three feet snowbanks made for a cold field.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 29], "content_span": [30, 233]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078197-0002-0000", "contents": "1960 Liberty Bowl, Game summary\nHoak rushed for 61 yards on 9 carries for two touchdowns with 67 yards passing en route to being named MVP. Oregon's Dave Grayson ran for 93 yards on 10 carries", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 31], "content_span": [32, 192]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078197-0003-0000", "contents": "1960 Liberty Bowl, Aftermath\nOregon has not returned to the Liberty Bowl since this game while Penn State has returned just once, in 1979.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 28], "content_span": [29, 138]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078198-0000-0000", "contents": "1960 Libyan general election\nGeneral elections were held in Libya to elect the House of Representatives on 17 January 1960.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [28, 28], "content_span": [29, 123]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078198-0001-0000", "contents": "1960 Libyan general election, Conduct\nThe country was divided into 55 constituencies for the election. The majority of constituencies were contested by two or more candidates, although as political parties were banned at the time, all candidates were independents. It was the first election in which secret balloting was used nationwide, as previously it had been confined to urban areas.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 37], "content_span": [38, 388]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078198-0002-0000", "contents": "1960 Libyan general election, Results\nPrime Minister Abdul Majid Kubar and all other ministers were re-elected, but the Speaker of the Parliament Salim al-Qadi lost his seat. Following the elections, al-Qadi was appointed Minister of Education, replacing Bubakir Naama, who became Governor of Tripolitania. Ahmed al-Hasairi replaced Ibrahim Bin Shaban as Minister of Defence, whilst Bin Shaban was appointed as \"Ambassador at large\". Minister of Economics Rajab Bin Katu became Minister of Health, swapping portfolios with Mohammed Bin Othman. Abd al-Hamid Daibani remained Minister of Justice, Nasr al-Kizza remained Minister of Communications and Wahbi al-Bouri remained Minister of State.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 37], "content_span": [38, 691]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078199-0000-0000", "contents": "1960 Liga Deportiva Universitaria de Quito season\nLiga Deportiva Universitaria de Quito's 1960 season was the club's 30th year of existence, the 7th year in professional football, and the 1st in the top level of professional football in Ecuador.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 49], "section_span": [49, 49], "content_span": [50, 245]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078200-0000-0000", "contents": "1960 Limerick Senior Hurling Championship\nThe 1960 Limerick Senior Hurling Championship was the 66th staging of the Limerick Senior Hurling Championship since its establishment by the Limerick County Board.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 41], "section_span": [41, 41], "content_span": [42, 206]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078200-0001-0000", "contents": "1960 Limerick Senior Hurling Championship\nOn 11 September 1960, Kilmallock won the championship after a 4\u201305 to 0\u201304 defeat of Claughaun in the final. It was their first ever championship title.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 41], "section_span": [41, 41], "content_span": [42, 194]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078201-0000-0000", "contents": "1960 Little League World Series\nThe 1960 Little League World Series took place between August 23 and August 27 in Williamsport, Pennsylvania. American Little League of Levittown, Pennsylvania, defeated North East Optimist Club Little League of Fort Worth, Texas, in the championship game of the 14th Little League World Series. Joe Mormello Jr. tossed a no-hitter, striking out 16 batters in the final game en route to a 5\u20130 shutout.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [31, 31], "content_span": [32, 433]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078202-0000-0000", "contents": "1960 Liverpool City Council election\nElections to Liverpool City Council were held on 12 May 1960.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [36, 36], "content_span": [37, 98]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078202-0001-0000", "contents": "1960 Liverpool City Council election, Ward results\nThe Councillors seeking re-election at this election were elected in 1957 for a three-year term, therefore comparisons are made with the 1957 election results.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 50], "content_span": [51, 210]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078203-0000-0000", "contents": "1960 Li\u00e8ge\u2013Bastogne\u2013Li\u00e8ge\nThe 1960 Li\u00e8ge\u2013Bastogne\u2013Li\u00e8ge was the 46th edition of the Li\u00e8ge\u2013Bastogne\u2013Li\u00e8ge cycle race and was held on 8 May 1960. The race started and finished in Li\u00e8ge. The race was won by Albertus Geldermans of the Radium team.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [25, 25], "content_span": [26, 243]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078204-0000-0000", "contents": "1960 Lombank Trophy\nThe First Lombank Trophy was a motor race, run to Formula One rules, held on 17 September 1960 at Snetterton Motor Racing Circuit, England. The race was run over 37 laps of the circuit, and was won by British driver Innes Ireland in a Lotus 18.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [19, 19], "content_span": [20, 264]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078204-0001-0000", "contents": "1960 Lombank Trophy\nThe field included a large number of Formula Two cars.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [19, 19], "content_span": [20, 74]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078205-0000-0000", "contents": "1960 Long Beach State 49ers football team\nThe 1960 Long Beach State 49ers football team represented Long Beach State College during the 1960 NCAA College Division football season. The 49ers competed in the California Collegiate Athletic Association (CCAA).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 41], "section_span": [41, 41], "content_span": [42, 256]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078205-0001-0000", "contents": "1960 Long Beach State 49ers football team\nThe team was led by head coach Don Reed, in his third year, and played home games at Veterans Stadium adjacent to the campus of Long Beach City College in Long Beach, California. They finished the season with a record of five wins, three losses and one tie (5\u20133\u20131, 3\u20131\u20131 CCAA).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 41], "section_span": [41, 41], "content_span": [42, 319]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078205-0002-0000", "contents": "1960 Long Beach State 49ers football team, Team players in the NFL/AFL\nNo Long Beach State 49ers were selected in either the 1961 NFL Draft or 1961 AFL Draft.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 41], "section_span": [43, 70], "content_span": [71, 158]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078206-0000-0000", "contents": "1960 Los Angeles Chargers season\nThe 1960 Los Angeles Chargers season was the team's inaugural season and also the inaugural season of the American Football League (AFL). Head coach Sid Gillman led the Chargers to the AFL Western Division title with a 10\u20134 record, winning eight games out of nine after a 2\u20133 start, and qualifying to play the Houston Oilers in the AFL championship game.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [32, 32], "content_span": [33, 387]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078206-0001-0000", "contents": "1960 Los Angeles Chargers season\nThe Chargers had the right to host the championship game at their home venue, the Los Angeles Memorial Coliseum. However, as the team's attendance for home games was falling below 10,000, league and television officials feared showing empty seats in the 100,000+ seat Coliseum, and they persuaded the Chargers to give up the advantage. The game was moved to Houston's Jeppesen Stadium. The teams had split their two games in the regular season, with the home teams winning, and the host Oilers were 6\u00bd-point favorites to win the title. Down by a point after three quarters, the Chargers gave up an 88-yard touchdown in the fourth quarter and lost, 24\u201316.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [32, 32], "content_span": [33, 687]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078206-0002-0000", "contents": "1960 Los Angeles Chargers season\nThe Chargers' poor attendance figures soon led to speculation that they might leave Los Angeles. In December, owner Barron Hilton denied that he was planning a move, but in late January he relocated the Chargers down the coast to Balboa Stadium in San Diego for the 1961 season. The team would not return to Los Angeles until 2017.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [32, 32], "content_span": [33, 364]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078206-0003-0000", "contents": "1960 Los Angeles Chargers season, Offseason, Formation\nThe AFL granted a Los Angeles franchise to Barron Hilton on August 14, 1959; the nickname \"Chargers\" was announced on October 27. Hilton's first major signing was former Notre Dame coach and administrator Frank Leahy, who became the club's first general manager on October 14 and began the search for a head coach. Leahy also employed Don Klosterman as Director of Personnel, to help sign new players.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 54], "content_span": [55, 456]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078206-0004-0000", "contents": "1960 Los Angeles Chargers season, Offseason, Coaching staff\nBob McBride, a former assistant of Leahy's at Notre Dame, was named the first Chargers head coach on November 19, but McBride changed his mind within 24 hours of the announcement and pulled out. Subsequently, Leahy had several talks with Los Angeles Rams offensive line coach Lou Rymkus about the vacancy, but Rymkus ultimately joined another AFL team, the Houston Oilers.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 59], "content_span": [60, 432]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078206-0005-0000", "contents": "1960 Los Angeles Chargers season, Offseason, Coaching staff\nOn December 12, Sid Gillman left the NFL's Los Angeles Rams after five years as their head coach. The Rams had reached the NFL Championship Game in Gillman's first season in charge, but went 2-10 in 1959. After his exit, Gillman considered retiring from football to become a stockbroker, but was soon lured to the AFL when approached by Hilton, signing a three-year contract on January 7, 1960, having been out of work for just 26 days.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 59], "content_span": [60, 496]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078206-0006-0000", "contents": "1960 Los Angeles Chargers season, Offseason, Coaching staff\nGillman recruited four assistant coaches in the months that followed. Both Joe Madro and Jack Faulkner had been on Gillman's staff with the Rams; they were installed as offensive line and defensive backfield coaches, respectively. Al Davis was serving as the defensive coordinator at the University of Southern California when Gillman called to offer him a post of his choosing. Davis agreed, taking over the offensive ends, as he wanted to be involved with the passing game. The group was completed on February 1 by the addition of Chuck Noll as defensive line coach. Noll had recently concluded a seven-year career with the Cleveland Browns where he had served as both offensive lineman and linebacker. Three of the coaches on this five-man team are now in the Hall of Fame: Gillman, Davis and Noll.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 59], "content_span": [60, 861]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078206-0007-0000", "contents": "1960 Los Angeles Chargers season, Offseason, Coaching staff\nIn July 1960, Leahy resigned as general manager due to ill health, and Gillman took over the role on top of his head coaching duties.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 59], "content_span": [60, 193]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078206-0008-0000", "contents": "1960 Los Angeles Chargers season, Offseason, AFL draft, First selections\nThe AFL owners met on November 22-23, 1959, for the opening stages of the league's inaugural draft. On the first day, a \"territorial draft\" was conducted, with each team receiving the rights to one local player. This was intended to increase interest in the new teams. Each player in the territorial draft was agreed upon by all eight owners; the Chargers received Monty Stickles, but the Notre Dame end ultimately signed with the NFL's San Francisco 49ers instead.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 72], "content_span": [73, 538]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078206-0009-0000", "contents": "1960 Los Angeles Chargers season, Offseason, AFL draft, First selections\nThe following day, thirty-two more rounds took place, with the intent of giving each team three players in each offensive position. The selections are believed to have been decided by a drawing of lots, though the closed-door nature of the meeting leaves the precise details of the process unknown. A contemporary source lists 11 players as \"Charger Choices\" and a further 22 as \"additional selections\".", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 72], "content_span": [73, 476]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078206-0010-0000", "contents": "1960 Los Angeles Chargers season, Offseason, AFL draft, First selections\nThe rival NFL staged their own draft one week later, beginning a bidding war for the services of players. Including Stickles, eight of the Chargers' initial thirty-three selections played for NFL teams in 1960. Only three were with the Chargers on opening day. Linebacker and punter Paul Maguire, who had played for Al Davis at The Citadel in 1956, agreed to an $8,000 contract with a $1,000 bonus on Christmas Day, while Wisconsin safety Bob Zeman signed on January 12, 1960, following a meeting with Gillman. The acquisition of Charlie Flowers was less straightforward.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 72], "content_span": [73, 644]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078206-0010-0001", "contents": "1960 Los Angeles Chargers season, Offseason, AFL draft, First selections\nFlowers signed a contract with the New York Giants but asked them to keep the agreement secret until after the 1960 Sugar Bowl, to maintain his eligibility for the game. Flowers then changed his mind and signed with the Chargers after they offered him more money. The Giants obtained an injunction to temporarily block the fullback from joining his chosen team, but the courts ruled in San Diego's favor on June 23.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 72], "content_span": [73, 488]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078206-0011-0000", "contents": "1960 Los Angeles Chargers season, Offseason, AFL draft, First selections\nAs the precise order of selection is unknown, the Chargers' draft is presented here in alphabetical order. The players were listed according to their offensive positions, even if they were primarily defensive players.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 72], "content_span": [73, 290]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078206-0012-0000", "contents": "1960 Los Angeles Chargers season, Offseason, AFL draft, Second selections\nThe AFL owners reconvened on December 2, 1959, for a further 20 rounds of picks. The league released no details as to the order of these selections, but the randomized method is believed to have been used again.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 73], "content_span": [74, 285]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078206-0013-0000", "contents": "1960 Los Angeles Chargers season, Offseason, AFL draft, Second selections\nNone of Los Angeles' 20 selections played for the team in 1960, but George Blair would join them in 1961, after playing for the University of Mississippi in his senior year.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 73], "content_span": [74, 247]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078206-0014-0000", "contents": "1960 Los Angeles Chargers season, Offseason, Roster building\nAFL teams were permitted a squad of 35 players going into the opening week of the regular season. The Chargers stocked their initial roster with numerous rookies, along with a smattering of former NFL players.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 60], "content_span": [61, 270]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078206-0015-0000", "contents": "1960 Los Angeles Chargers season, Offseason, Roster building\nOne of their most successful acquisitions, Ron Mix, had been drafted by the Boston Patriots, but Los Angeles traded for his rights and beat the NFL's Baltimore Colts to his signature. Mix officially became a Charger on December 16, ten days before his last game for USC. He would become the only man to play for the Chargers in all ten AFL seasons, while being named All-AFL at right tackle every year from 1960 to 1968.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 60], "content_span": [61, 481]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078206-0016-0000", "contents": "1960 Los Angeles Chargers season, Offseason, Roster building\nJack Kemp had been cut by three different NFL teams before signing for the Chargers. When Kemp was signed by the Chargers, he was also offered a job with the Hilton hotel chain to improve his job prospects after his playing career ended. Kemp was soon identified as the leading candidate for the starting quarterback role. He would lead the Chargers to the first two AFL title games, and win a further two with the Buffalo Bills.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 60], "content_span": [61, 490]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078206-0017-0000", "contents": "1960 Los Angeles Chargers season, Offseason, Roster building\nOnce Al Davis had joined Gillman's coaching team, he became instrumental in persuading several players to join the Chargers. Center Don Rogers had been a late cut of the San Francisco 49ers in 1959. He returned to college at South Carolina, and told Davis he had no further interest in playing pro football. Davis persisted with several telephone calls, and gave Rogers $500 to sign a contract, despite Rogers making it clear he had no intention of reporting to training camp.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 60], "content_span": [61, 537]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078206-0017-0001", "contents": "1960 Los Angeles Chargers season, Offseason, Roster building\nRogers eventually drove out to Los Angeles to see California, with little expectation of making the team, but won the starting job and stayed with the Chargers for five years. Others signed by Davis included guards Fred Cole and Sam DeLuca. Like Rogers, running back Paul Lowe had been released by the 49ers in 1959. He took a job with the Carte Blanche credit card organization, owned by the Hilton family. The Chargers management discovered that Lowe was working in the mail room and contacted him about playing for them. Lowe won a spot on the team, and stayed with the Chargers until 1968, rushing for nearly 5,000 yards.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 60], "content_span": [61, 686]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078206-0018-0000", "contents": "1960 Los Angeles Chargers season, Offseason, Roster building\nIn some cases, the Chargers signed key players away from the NFL by offering more money. Tackle Ernie Wright was offered a guaranteed $33,000 over three years; having heard that fellow Ohio State graduate Jim Parker was making less than $8,000 per year with the Baltimore Colts, he considered the offer too good to pass up. Wright would start over 100 games at left tackle for the Chargers.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 60], "content_span": [61, 451]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078206-0019-0000", "contents": "1960 Los Angeles Chargers season, Offseason, Roster building\nSome veteran players actively sought out employment in Los Angeles. End Dave Kocourek and defensive end Ron Nery both wanted to return to the U.S. after stints in the Canadian Football League. They contacted the Chargers and were invited to training camp. For less experienced players, open trials were held by Gillman's staff in April. A handful of these hopefuls made it to training camp proper, which began on July 8 at Chapman College in Orange, California. Players came to the camp in three waves, with higher-rated prospects coming in later, and were steadily whittled down to the target of 35 players.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 60], "content_span": [61, 669]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078206-0020-0000", "contents": "1960 Los Angeles Chargers season, Preseason\nThe Chargers' first exhibition game was played at home against the Titans, before a crowd of 27,778. Paul Lowe received the opening kickoff, and returned it 105 yards for a touchdown. Jack Kemp rushed for one touchdown and passed for another to Royce Womble, before Bob Laraba wrapped up a 27\u20137 win with a short run. Five days later, Los Angeles played before a greatly reduced home crowd of 11,491. Howie Ferguson's late touchdown run represented the only points scored by a Charger who would make their regular season roster.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 43], "content_span": [44, 571]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078206-0020-0001", "contents": "1960 Los Angeles Chargers season, Preseason\nJetstream Smith scored on a 30-yard run, while Bob Reifsnyder contributed three field goals and an extra point; they would spend the 1960 season with the Raiders and Titans, respectively. In Week 3, Los Angeles made the short trip to Oakland, where they faced the Raiders. Lowe caught a 43-yard pass from Kemp for his second preseason score, and a pair of Ferguson touchdown runs in the third quarter put the Chargers ahead to stay, 24\u201317.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 43], "content_span": [44, 483]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078206-0021-0000", "contents": "1960 Los Angeles Chargers season, Preseason\nAfter engaging in a controlled scrimmage against the Eagle Rock Athletic Club on August 26, Los Angeles concluded their exhibition schedule at home against Denver, before an attendance of 21,516. Lowe scored one of three Charger touchdowns in the first half, and Bob Zeman's 47-yard interception return had them up by five in the third quarter. Nonetheless, they trailed 30\u201328 before two late takeaways. Paul Maguire's interception with barely a minute to play offered Los Angeles their first shot at victory, but Ben Donnell missed a 30-yard field goal. Though only seconds remained, Denver had to keep running regular plays, as the quarterback kneel was not yet an established part of the game. Two plays after Donnell's miss, a loose snap was fallen on in the end zone by Charlie Brueckman, winning the game with 14 seconds to play.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 43], "content_span": [44, 879]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078206-0022-0000", "contents": "1960 Los Angeles Chargers season, Preseason\nDonnell's struggles prompted the Chargers to approach kicking specialist Ben Agajanian, a veteran of both the NFL and AAFC, who signed for them just three days before their regular season opener.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 43], "content_span": [44, 239]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078206-0023-0000", "contents": "1960 Los Angeles Chargers season, Regular season, Overview\nQuarterback Jack Kemp had struggled to make an impact in the established NFL, but proved a success in the AFL, ranking first in the league with 14.3 yards per completion, and a close second with 3,018 passing yards. He also rushed for eight touchdowns, tied with Paul Lowe for second most in the league. Lowe was used mainly as a kick returner during the first five weeks of the season, but broke out as a runner through the remaining nine, when he gained 817 of his 855 yards.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 58], "content_span": [59, 536]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078206-0023-0001", "contents": "1960 Los Angeles Chargers season, Regular season, Overview\nWith a further 377 receiving yards, he ranked fourth in the league in total scrimmage yards, and led the team with ten touchdowns rushing and receiving. Fullback Howie Ferguson, a veteran of six seasons in Green Bay, added 438 yards and four touchdowns on the ground, while scoring twice more with receptions. Ralph Anderson led the receiving corps in all categories through the first ten games, with 44 receptions for 614 yards and five touchdowns. He died from complications of diabetes on the eve of the next game, at the age of 24. Dave Kocourek finished with 40 catches for 662 yards and a touchdown.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 58], "content_span": [59, 664]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078206-0024-0000", "contents": "1960 Los Angeles Chargers season, Regular season, Overview\nOn defense, the Chargers ranked second of the eight AFL teams against the pass, third against the rush and third overall. Rookie Dick Harris led the team with five interceptions, and ran one of those back for a touchdown. Defensive end Ron Nery was unofficially credited with a team-high 4+1\u20442 quarterback sacks, while defensive tackle Dick Chorovich had 4. The most experienced Charger was kicker Ben Agajanian, whose career had begun in 1945. He was one of only two AFL kickers to make more than half of their field goal attempts, with 13 successes out of 24, while his 46 extra points from 47 tries tied George Blanda for league-best.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 58], "content_span": [59, 696]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078206-0025-0000", "contents": "1960 Los Angeles Chargers season, Regular season, Game summaries\nAll game reports use the Pro Football Researchers' gamebook archive as a source.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 64], "content_span": [65, 145]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078206-0026-0000", "contents": "1960 Los Angeles Chargers season, Regular season, Game summaries, Week 1: vs. Dallas Texans\nLos Angeles won their first regular season game with a late comeback. Dallas had touchdown drives of 60 and 94 yards either side of a Charger punt, and led 13\u20130 midway through the 2nd quarter. Later, Dallas had to punt from deep in their own territory, and Los Angeles took over on the Texan 46. They scored their first touchdown on the next play as Jack Kemp faked a handoff and threw a deep pass down the left sideline. Ralph Anderson caught the ball at the five and back-pedaled into the end zone. Dallas responded with an 80-yard touchdown drive, and led 20\u20137 at the break.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 91], "content_span": [92, 669]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078206-0027-0000", "contents": "1960 Los Angeles Chargers season, Regular season, Game summaries, Week 1: vs. Dallas Texans\nIn the 3rd quarter, Los Angeles reached the Dallas eight yard line, but Kemp was sacked on 4th down and goal. They appeared to have been stopped on downs again in the 4th quarter, but Anderson had drawn a pass interference penalty, and the drive continued. Running back Paul Lowe completed a 24-yard pass to Anderson, then Kemp scrambled in from the Dallas 7 yard line, diving across the goal line with 9:38 to play.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 91], "content_span": [92, 508]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078206-0028-0000", "contents": "1960 Los Angeles Chargers season, Regular season, Game summaries, Week 1: vs. Dallas Texans\nFollowing a Texan three-and-out, the Chargers began the winning drive on their own 10. Penalties were again key. Dallas recovered a fumble in Charger territory, but the turnover was negated by a flag. Kemp then converted a 3rd and 15 with a 16-yard completion to Howard Clark, before Los Angeles reached a 4th and 6 from the Dallas 37 yard line. Again, Kemp's pass was incomplete, but again a pass interference call (this time drawn by Dave Kocourek) saved the drive. Five plays later, it was 3rd and goal from the four yard line, and Kemp found Howie Ferguson in the left flat for the winning score with 2:15 to play. Jimmy Sears stopped Dallas with a 4th-down interception, and the Chargers ran out the clock.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 91], "content_span": [92, 803]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078206-0029-0000", "contents": "1960 Los Angeles Chargers season, Regular season, Game summaries, Week 1: vs. Dallas Texans\nKemp was 24 of 41 for 275 yards, two touchdowns and no interceptions. Anderson caught 5 passes for 103 yards and a touchdown; Lowe was the leading Charger rusher with just 20 yards.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 91], "content_span": [92, 273]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078206-0030-0000", "contents": "1960 Los Angeles Chargers season, Regular season, Game summaries, Week 2: at Houston Oilers\nA bad start to the 3rd quarter led to defeat for the Chargers in their first road game. Kemp found Royce Womble for a touchdown on their first drive and, following a burst of three touchdowns on three consecutive possessions for the Oilers, connected with Anderson on a short out pattern to close to 21\u201314 at the break. After Houston opened the second half with a 71-yard touchdown drive, Ron Waller lost a fumble on the Chargers' next play from scrimmage, setting up a field goal. On the ensuing kickoff, Lowe also fumbled, with Houston converting the turnover into a touchdown and a 38\u201314 lead. Kemp threw touchdowns to Womble and Charlie Flowers in the 4th quarter, the latter a catch-and-run of 55 yards, but the scores came too late to seriously threaten a comeback.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 91], "content_span": [92, 863]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078206-0031-0000", "contents": "1960 Los Angeles Chargers season, Regular season, Game summaries, Week 2: at Houston Oilers\nKemp achieved the first 300-yard passing game in the fledgling AFL, going 27 of 44 for 337 yards, four touchdowns and an interception. For the second consecutive game, Los Angeles' top rusher gained 20 yards; as a team, they were outrushed 284-28.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 91], "content_span": [92, 339]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078206-0032-0000", "contents": "1960 Los Angeles Chargers season, Regular season, Game summaries, Week 3: at Dallas Texans\nKemp struggled, throwing four interceptions against only 89 passing yards as the Chargers were shut out. Los Angeles had a couple of good openings while the game was still scoreless: they reached the Dallas 29, only for Kemp to be sacked for a 16-yard loss, and Ben Agajanian to see a long field goal attempt blocked; later, Los Angeles drove from their own 20 to the Dallas 22, but Flowers lost a fumble. Kemp fumbled on the next Charger drive, setting up the first Texan touchdown. Agajanian missed two kicks in the 3rd quarter, and Dallas added ten points in the 4th to clinch the win.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 90], "content_span": [91, 679]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078206-0033-0000", "contents": "1960 Los Angeles Chargers season, Regular season, Game summaries, Week 3: at Dallas Texans\nLos Angeles committed six of the game's nine turnovers. The running game improved, with Howie Ferguson gaining 93 yards on 17 carries.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 90], "content_span": [91, 225]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078206-0034-0000", "contents": "1960 Los Angeles Chargers season, Regular season, Game summaries, Week 4: at Buffalo Bills\nFour interceptions by their defense allowed Los Angeles to win despite 159 yards of total offense. Ferguson fumbled away their first big scoring opportunity, and Buffalo took the lead with a field goal. Before halftime, however, Paul Maguire claimed the first Charger interception, a 37-yard pass interference penalty moved the ball to the 11, and Bobby Clatterbuck, playing for an injured Kemp, threw to Dave Kocourek on a crossing pattern for the go-ahead score.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 90], "content_span": [91, 555]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078206-0035-0000", "contents": "1960 Los Angeles Chargers season, Regular season, Game summaries, Week 4: at Buffalo Bills\nMaguire's second interception set up a 30-yard touchdown drive in the third quarter, Ferguson diving over the line from two yards out. The Bills pulled back to within four points, but a Dick Harris interception gave Los Angeles even better field position, at the Bills 13. Flowers rushed for a touchdown two plays later. Shortly afterwards, Jimmy Sears intercepted a pass and returned it 47 yards to set up a field goal; the final Bills threat was ended by a sack on 4th and goal from the nine.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 90], "content_span": [91, 585]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078206-0036-0000", "contents": "1960 Los Angeles Chargers season, Regular season, Game summaries, Week 5: vs. Boston Patriots\nThe Chargers suffered their second shutout in three weeks, this time before their home fans. Courtesy of a fumbled kickoff, the Chargers trailed 11\u20130 before their offense got onto the field. With Boston's rushing attack churning out 177 yards on 45 carries, the game soon drifted away from Los Angeles. The Chargers tried bringing Kemp back in the second half, only to see him throw two interceptions. Their best chance to avert the shutout came in the 4th quarter, when Ferguson fumbled a yard from the goal line.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 93], "content_span": [94, 608]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078206-0037-0000", "contents": "1960 Los Angeles Chargers season, Regular season, Game summaries, Week 6: at Denver Broncos\nPaul Lowe had a breakout performance to lift the Chargers to an important win. Denver, topping the division with a 3\u20131 record coming in, led through an early field goal before Kemp passed to Lowe for 56 yards down the right sideline. On the next play, Lowe swept left for a 12-yard touchdown. A succession of field goals, the last a club-record 47-yarder by Agajanian, made it 16\u20139 to Los Angeles late in the third quarter. From the Denver 44, Lowe then took a handoff around left end before cutting back inside at the 15, breaking a tackle and completing his second touchdown run of the game.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 91], "content_span": [92, 685]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078206-0038-0000", "contents": "1960 Los Angeles Chargers season, Regular season, Game summaries, Week 6: at Denver Broncos\nThe Broncos pulled three points back before both sides missed chances. Rommie Loudd intercepted Frank Tripucka to set the Chargers up at the Bronco 13, but Kemp fumbled three plays later. Denver then drove all the way from their 5 yard line to the Charger 8 before turning the ball over on downs. Given an opportunity to put the game away, Los Angeles instead gave the ball straight back through a Ferguson fumble. Denver scored two plays later; they shunned a two-point conversion attempt and trailed 23-19 with only 3:35 to play. Kemp converted a 3rd down with a completion to Kocourek, and Lowe had a 50-yard touchdown run ruled out by penalty before the Chargers had to punt in the final seconds. The Bronco return man was tackled at his own 23 yard line as time expired.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 91], "content_span": [92, 867]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078206-0039-0000", "contents": "1960 Los Angeles Chargers season, Regular season, Game summaries, Week 6: at Denver Broncos\nLowe, who had gained only 38 yards on the ground and 35 through the air through the first five weeks of the season, rushed 11 times for 76 yards and two touchdowns, while catching 4 passes for 95 yards.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 91], "content_span": [92, 294]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078206-0040-0000", "contents": "1960 Los Angeles Chargers season, Regular season, Game summaries, Week 8: at Boston Patriots\nThree weeks after their 35-point loss to Boston, the Chargers beat the same opponent by a similar margin; the win moved them into a tie atop the AFL West. Kemp was intercepted on the first Charger drive, but Maury Schleicher recovered a fumble deep in Patriot territory a few possessions later, and Ferguson opened the scoring from a yard out. Kemp later dove over from the same distance, one play after a 27-yard completion to Anderson; Dick Harris soon added a defensive touchdown, going 42 yards untouched down the sideline with an interception.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 92], "content_span": [93, 641]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078206-0040-0001", "contents": "1960 Los Angeles Chargers season, Regular season, Game summaries, Week 8: at Boston Patriots\nThirty seconds before halftime, Lowe exploited a hole in the line of scrimmage to go 66 yards untouched for the fourth Charger score and, when Paul Maguire recovered a blocked punt early in the 4th quarter, Los Angeles had matched the 35\u20130 score from the first game. Boston recovered somewhat with a pair of touchdowns, but Lowe broke off a 69-yard run to set up a field goal, and Anderson added a 38-yard touchdown reception before the end.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 92], "content_span": [93, 534]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078206-0041-0000", "contents": "1960 Los Angeles Chargers season, Regular season, Game summaries, Week 8: at Boston Patriots\nLowe posted the first 100-yard rushing game in Charger history, with 8 carries for 137 yards and a touchdown, and Los Angeles outrushed Boston 219\u201346. Anderson caught 6 passes for 124 yards and a touchdown.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 92], "content_span": [93, 299]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078206-0042-0000", "contents": "1960 Los Angeles Chargers season, Regular season, Game summaries, Week 9: at New York Titans\nBig plays helped the Chargers get to the top of their division. After surviving a 1st quarter in which Ron Botchan twice snapped the ball over punter Paul Maguire's head, Kemp threw a deep pass on 3rd and 15 from his own 47 yard line and the ball deflected off the hands of a Titans' defender and Kocourek brought it in for a 52-yard gain. Ferguson reached the end zone from a yard out on the next play. Botchan later made amends for his miscues with an interception at his own 30, and it was 7\u20130 at the break.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 92], "content_span": [93, 603]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078206-0043-0000", "contents": "1960 Los Angeles Chargers season, Regular season, Game summaries, Week 9: at New York Titans\nEarly in the 3rd quarter, the Charger line created open lanes for Lowe to run right through the middle; he outraced the defense and scored from 62 yards out, untouched. Jets QB Al Dorow threw a touchdown to pull the Titans back within seven points, but later fumbled, with Charlie Brueckman recovering at the New York 21. Kemp bootlegged for 17 yards, then went over from the one yard line on the first play of the 4th quarter. The Titans' best chance to get back into the game ended when Doyle Nix intercepted Dorow in the red zone - one of six takeaways for the Charger defense on the day.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 92], "content_span": [93, 684]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078206-0044-0000", "contents": "1960 Los Angeles Chargers season, Regular season, Game summaries, Week 10: vs. Houston Oilers\nLos Angeles intercepted George Blanda four times as they edged the East-leading Oilers. Houston's first three possessions resulted in turnovers, and two of those were converted into points, Anderson catching touchdown passes of 34 and 4 yards. The roles were reversed in the 2nd quarter, as a long bomb from Kemp was intercepted, and Blanda led his team 93 yards the other way for a touchdown. Lowe inspired an immediate response from the Chargers, breaking off a 40-yard run up the right sideline and going in from three yards out a play later. Houston came back with a 68-yard touchdown drive, and it was 21\u201314 at halftime.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 93], "content_span": [94, 719]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078206-0045-0000", "contents": "1960 Los Angeles Chargers season, Regular season, Game summaries, Week 10: vs. Houston Oilers\nAgajanian missed a 27-yard field goal on the first drive of the second half, but catches of 32 and 11 yards by Kocourek put him in position for another try, and he converted a 22-yarder. The next two Houston drives penetrated into Los Angeles territory, but Blanda was intercepted both times, by Rommie Loudd and Bob Zeman. Blanda threw his third touchdown pass on the next Oiler possession, and Houston had a late chance after Kemp was intercepted. They reached the Charger 44, but two incompletions were followed by two fumbles. Los Angeles recovered the second of these, and ran out the clock.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 93], "content_span": [94, 690]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078206-0046-0000", "contents": "1960 Los Angeles Chargers season, Regular season, Game summaries, Week 10: vs. Houston Oilers\nKemp was 18 of 37 for 296 yards, two touchdowns and two interceptions; Kocourek caught 7 passes for 105 yards.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 93], "content_span": [94, 204]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078206-0047-0000", "contents": "1960 Los Angeles Chargers season, Regular season, Game summaries, Week 11: vs. Buffalo Bills\nThe Chargers turned the ball over eight times as their four-game winning streak was brought to an end. The tone was set early, as Kocourek lost a fumble on their first possession, Kemp was intercepted on their second, and Sears fumbled a punt when they were expecting their third. Buffalo opened the scoring from that error; Agajanian then got Los Angeles on the scoreboard with a field goal, but the Bills drove 79 yards on 14 plays to an answering touchdown. Kemp threw five of the Chargers' six interceptions on the day. His struggles were epitomized by a sequence shortly before halftime, when he was sacked for a 24-yard loss on one play and had an interception run back for a touchdown on the next, putting the Bills up 19\u20133.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 92], "content_span": [93, 824]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078206-0048-0000", "contents": "1960 Los Angeles Chargers season, Regular season, Game summaries, Week 11: vs. Buffalo Bills\nRalph Anderson was one of the few bright spots for Los Angeles. He caught 7 passes for 109 yards in his final game.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 92], "content_span": [93, 208]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078206-0049-0000", "contents": "1960 Los Angeles Chargers season, Regular season, Game summaries, Week 12: vs. Oakland Raiders\nThis game was played the day after the death of Ralph Anderson. Los Angeles scored more than 50 points for the first time. Don Norton began the scoring with a 69-yard touchdown reception only 2:16 into the game. The Raiders tied the score, but Lowe took a screen pass 63 yards for another touchdown only two plays later. He took a pass 33 yards in the 2nd quarter, opening an 80-yard drive that Ferguson finished with a dive over the middle on 4th and goal from the one. Kemp took in a sneak from the same distance, and Lowe's 30-yard run gave Agajanian the opportunity to kick a 28-yard field goal as time expired in the half.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 94], "content_span": [95, 722]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078206-0050-0000", "contents": "1960 Los Angeles Chargers season, Regular season, Game summaries, Week 12: vs. Oakland Raiders\nLowe added a 2-yard touchdown run the first time Los Angeles had the ball in the second half, and it was 38\u20137. Oakland then pulled back 15 points, but the Chargers responded with touchdowns from Fred Ford (a 4-yard run) and Doyle Nix (a 17-yard interception return of an underthrown pass in the flat).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 94], "content_span": [95, 396]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078206-0051-0000", "contents": "1960 Los Angeles Chargers season, Regular season, Game summaries, Week 12: vs. Oakland Raiders\nKemp was 13 of 24 for 307 yards, two touchdowns and two interceptions, while Norton caught 4 passes for 119 yards and a touchdown. Lowe carried 26 times for 149 yards and a touchdown, while catching two passes for 96 yards and a further touchdown. Linebacker and punter Paul Maguire sustained a season-ending knee injury during the game.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 94], "content_span": [95, 432]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078206-0052-0000", "contents": "1960 Los Angeles Chargers season, Regular season, Game summaries, Week 13: at Oakland Raiders\nLos Angeles again beat Oakland by a significant margin, though they had trailed before scoring four unanswered 4th quarter touchdowns. A 45-yard run by Lowe got the Chargers moving, late in a scoreless 1st quarter; a Royce Womble touchdown finished the drive. Oakland scored 14 unanswered points, then sacked Kemp and backed Los Angeles up to their own 18 yard line, where they faced a 3rd and 18. Kemp responded with three completions over the middle in a span of four plays: 27 yards to Kocourek; 34 to Norton; 21 and a touchdown to Norton. In the 3rd quarter, Oakland stopped Ferguson on 4th and goal from the one, before driving 82 yards the other way and edging in front with a field goal.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 93], "content_span": [94, 788]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078206-0053-0000", "contents": "1960 Los Angeles Chargers season, Regular season, Game summaries, Week 13: at Oakland Raiders\nThe momentum shifted early in the 4th quarter. On 2nd and 9 from the Oakland 49, Kemp rolled right under pressure before throwing back toward the middle of the field. Lowe caught the ball at the Raider 35, and evaded three diving tackles on his way to the end zone. As the quarter wore on, two fumble recoveries in Raider territory would set up a pair of Kemp rushing touchdown, before Babe Parilli lost the ball while being sacked; it bounced up for Loudd to recover and race 49 yards for a touchdown.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 93], "content_span": [94, 596]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078206-0054-0000", "contents": "1960 Los Angeles Chargers season, Regular season, Game summaries, Week 13: at Oakland Raiders\nKemp was 17 of 25 for 289 yards, three touchdowns and no interceptions. The Chargers had two 100-yard receivers for the first time, with Kocourek catching 6 for 123 yards, while Norton had 7 receptions for 105 yards and a touchdown. The Chargers committed no turnovers for the first time in their history, while the defense managed four takeaways. Dick Harris had both an interception and a fumble recovery.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 93], "content_span": [94, 501]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078206-0055-0000", "contents": "1960 Los Angeles Chargers season, Regular season, Game summaries, Week 13: at Oakland Raiders\nOakland protested the result of this game. Los Angeles had brought in Al Bansavage to replace the injured Paul Maguire, but the Raiders, who had held the rights to the player, claimed that Bansavage had refused to play for them, and thus was ineligible for any other team. The Chargers claimed in response that Oakland had told Bansavage they did not want him. On December 7, AFL commissioner Joe Foss ruled that the result would stand.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 93], "content_span": [94, 530]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078206-0056-0000", "contents": "1960 Los Angeles Chargers season, Regular season, Game summaries, Week 14: vs. Denver Broncos\nComing into the game, the Chargers were two games clear of Dallas at the top of the AFL West, and could clinch the division with a win. They did so after surviving a high-scoring, back-and-forth encounter.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 93], "content_span": [94, 299]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078206-0057-0000", "contents": "1960 Los Angeles Chargers season, Regular season, Game summaries, Week 14: vs. Denver Broncos\nDenver opened the scoring with a field goal, then Lionel Taylor, who would gain 171 yards on the day, caught a 49-yard touchdown from Frank Tripucka. It took Kemp only two plays to respond, passing to Norton for 32 yards, then to Ferguson with a jump pass. The back raced unchallenged up the right sideline for a 39-yard score. Next, Sears recovered a Denver fumble, Kemp scrambled for 25 yards, and Lowe scored from three yards out a couple of plays later.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 93], "content_span": [94, 551]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078206-0057-0001", "contents": "1960 Los Angeles Chargers season, Regular season, Game summaries, Week 14: vs. Denver Broncos\nFollowing an exchange of punts, Denver drove 98 yards in 12 plays to retake the lead, and converted a Kemp interception into three more points. Lowe responded with back-to-back carries of 18 and 27 yards, before Kemp passed to Womble for 12 yards on a slant pattern to put the Chargers back in front. Los Angeles added an Agajanian field goal after a Denver fumble, the Broncos responded with a kick of their own, and it was 24\u201323 to the Chargers at halftime.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 93], "content_span": [94, 553]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078206-0058-0000", "contents": "1960 Los Angeles Chargers season, Regular season, Game summaries, Week 14: vs. Denver Broncos\nTripucka's second touchdown pass put Denver back on top in the second half; following an exchange of field goals, Denver led 33\u201327 early in the final quarter. On the Broncos' next possession, a 20-yard punt set Los Angeles up only 35 yards from the end zone. Kemp picked up a couple of first downs with passes, converted a 3rd and 1 with a sneak, and dove in from a yard out for the go-ahead score. Tripucka was then forced to pass under pressure; the pass was tipped, and Maury Schleicher intercepted it. Norton's 15-yard touchdown three plays later made it an eight-point game, and Denver failed to cross midfield on their final two possessions.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 93], "content_span": [94, 741]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078206-0059-0000", "contents": "1960 Los Angeles Chargers season, Regular season, Game summaries, Week 14: vs. Denver Broncos\nLowe carried 19 times for 106 yards and a touchdown. Despite the high stakes of this game, the Los Angeles attendance figures dropped below 10,000 for the first time. This would remain the lowest attendance for a competitive Charger home game until the COVID-19 pandemic necessitated empty stadiums in the 2020 season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 93], "content_span": [94, 412]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078206-0060-0000", "contents": "1960 Los Angeles Chargers season, Regular season, Game summaries, Week 15: vs. New York Titans\nLos Angeles closed out their regular season schedule by prevailing in another high-scoring game for an eighth win in nine. The Chargers' first touchdown came the play after Harris's 35-yard punt return, which put the ball at the New York 25. Lowe ran into traffic around right end, avoiding a heavy loss before reversing field to the left and going in untouched. A pair of long touchdown drives put New York up 14\u201310; Norton's 11-yard catch briefly restored the Charger lead, but Titans QB Al Dorow threw his second touchdown pass of the game, and it was 21\u201316 at halftime.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 94], "content_span": [95, 668]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078206-0061-0000", "contents": "1960 Los Angeles Chargers season, Regular season, Game summaries, Week 15: vs. New York Titans\nIn the 3rd quarter, an Agajanian field goal was followed by Norton's second touchdown, from 31 yards. The final 3:13 of the quarter brought three further touchdowns: Dorow sneaked in follow a Kemp interception, Fred Ford broke of a 53-yard touchdown run around left end, and Dorow threw his third touchdown pass. When the Titans converted another interception into seven points, two minutes into the final quarter, they led 43\u201333. Kemp responded with a 29-yard completion to Kocourek on the next play from scrimmage, and found Blanche Martin for an 11-yard touchdown four plays later.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 94], "content_span": [95, 679]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078206-0061-0001", "contents": "1960 Los Angeles Chargers season, Regular season, Game summaries, Week 15: vs. New York Titans\nMartin kept hold of the ball despite running into the goalposts. The Titans then went three-and-out, and Sears broke off a 29-yard punt return to the New York 48. Six plays later, Kemp swept to the right for the go-ahead touchdown. Charlie McNeil, who had intercepted Dorow once in the opening quarter, did so twice more in the final minutes; the Chargers kicked a field goal after the first of these, and ran out the clock after the second.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 94], "content_span": [95, 536]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078206-0062-0000", "contents": "1960 Los Angeles Chargers season, Regular season, Game summaries, Week 15: vs. New York Titans\nKemp finished with 3 touchdowns against 4 interceptions. Ford rushed for 109 yards on 7 carries, the best game of his solitary year in professional football. Los Angeles scored 40+ points for the fourth consecutive game, an AFL/NFL record which stood unmatched until the St. Louis Rams repeated the feat in the 2000 season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 94], "content_span": [95, 418]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078206-0063-0000", "contents": "1960 Los Angeles Chargers season, Standings\nNote: Tie games were not officially counted in the standings until 1972.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 43], "content_span": [44, 116]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078206-0064-0000", "contents": "1960 Los Angeles Chargers season, Playoffs, Game summaries, AFL Championship Game: Los Angeles Chargers at Houston Oilers\nThe first AFL title game matched two 10\u20134 divisional champions. Los Angeles' powerful offense produced only one touchdown. After Paul Lowe brought them within a point, an 88-yard touchdown from George Blanda to Billy Cannon set the final score. Los Angeles had two threatening drives in the final quarter, but turned the ball over on downs both times.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 121], "content_span": [122, 473]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078207-0000-0000", "contents": "1960 Los Angeles Dodgers season\nThe 1960 Los Angeles Dodgers finished the season at 82\u201372, in fourth place in the National League race, 13 games behind the NL and World Champion Pittsburgh Pirates.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [31, 31], "content_span": [32, 197]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078207-0001-0000", "contents": "1960 Los Angeles Dodgers season, Player stats, Batting, Starters by position\nNote: Pos = Position; G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 76], "content_span": [77, 201]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078207-0002-0000", "contents": "1960 Los Angeles Dodgers season, Player stats, Batting, Other batters\nNote: G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 69], "content_span": [70, 178]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078207-0003-0000", "contents": "1960 Los Angeles Dodgers season, Player stats, Pitching, Starting pitchers\nNote: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 74], "content_span": [75, 185]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078207-0004-0000", "contents": "1960 Los Angeles Dodgers season, Player stats, Pitching, Other pitchers\nNote: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 71], "content_span": [72, 182]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078207-0005-0000", "contents": "1960 Los Angeles Dodgers season, Player stats, Pitching, Relief pitchers\nNote: G = Games pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; SV = Saves; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 72], "content_span": [73, 173]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078208-0000-0000", "contents": "1960 Los Angeles Rams season\nThe 1960 Los Angeles Rams season was the team's 23rd year with the National Football League and the 15th season in Los Angeles. Under first-year head coach Bob Waterfield, the team won four and lost seven with one tie, placing the Rams in sixth place in the Western Conference, ahead of only the winless expansion Dallas Cowboys. Their most notable win was an upset of the Green Bay Packers at Milwaukee on November 20. Four weeks later in the season finale, the Packers returned the favor in Los Angeles to win the Western conference title.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [28, 28], "content_span": [29, 570]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078208-0001-0000", "contents": "1960 Los Angeles Rams season\nIn the pre-season, the Rams played the Cowboys in rural northeastern Oregon, at Pendleton's rodeo grounds on Sunday, September 4.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [28, 28], "content_span": [29, 158]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078208-0002-0000", "contents": "1960 Los Angeles Rams season, Standings\nNote: Tie games were not officially counted in the standings until 1972.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 39], "content_span": [40, 112]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078209-0000-0000", "contents": "1960 Los Angeles State Diablos football team\nThe 1960 Los Angeles State Diablos football team represented Los Angeles State during the 1960 NCAA College Division football season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [44, 44], "content_span": [45, 178]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078209-0001-0000", "contents": "1960 Los Angeles State Diablos football team\nLos Angeles State competed in the California Collegiate Athletic Association (CCAA). The team was led by tenth-year head coach Leonard (Bud) Adams, who had been the leader of the team since the school started playing intercollegiate football in 1951. The Diablos played one home game at East L.A. College Stadium Monterey Park, California and three at the Rose Bowl in Pasadena, California. They finished the season with a record of four wins, three losses and one tie (4\u20133\u20131, 2\u20131\u20131 CCAA).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [44, 44], "content_span": [45, 534]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078209-0002-0000", "contents": "1960 Los Angeles State Diablos football team, Team players in the NFL\nThe following Los Angeles State players were selected in the 1961 NFL Draft.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [46, 69], "content_span": [70, 146]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078210-0000-0000", "contents": "1960 Louisiana Tech Bulldogs football team\nThe 1960 Louisiana Tech Bulldogs football team was an American football team that represented the Louisiana Polytechnic Institute (now known as Louisiana Tech University) as a member of the Gulf States Conference during the 1960 NCAA College Division football season. In their twentieth year under head coach Joe Aillet, the team compiled a 8\u20132 record and finished as Gulf States Conference co-champion.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 42], "section_span": [42, 42], "content_span": [43, 446]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078211-0000-0000", "contents": "1960 Louisiana gubernatorial election\nThe 1960 Louisiana gubernatorial election was held on April 19, 1960.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [37, 37], "content_span": [38, 107]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078211-0001-0000", "contents": "1960 Louisiana gubernatorial election\nPrimary elections were held in two rounds on December 5, 1959, and January 9, 1960. After defeating Chep Morrison in a Democratic primary which featured some of the most racially charged campaign rhetoric in Louisiana political history, Jimmie Davis was elected to his second nonconsecutive term as governor after defeating the Republican candidate, Francis Grevemberg, in the general election.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [37, 37], "content_span": [38, 432]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078211-0002-0000", "contents": "1960 Louisiana gubernatorial election, Background\nLike most Southern states between the Reconstruction Era and the Civil Rights Movement, Louisiana's Republican Party was virtually nonexistent in terms of electoral support. This meant that the two Democratic Party primaries held on these dates were the real contest over who would be governor. In this election, however, a Republican ran, the first since Harrison Bagwell of Baton Rouge in 1952, who had polled 4 percent of the vote against the Democrat Robert F. Kennon.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [39, 49], "content_span": [50, 522]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078211-0003-0000", "contents": "1960 Louisiana gubernatorial election, Democratic primary, Campaign\nAt the beginning of the campaign, incumbent governor Earl Long announced his intention to run, despite being constitutionally barred from succeeding himself. After the Supreme Court insisted that he would have to resign several months before the election in order to legally run, Long withdrew and instead opted to run for Lieutenant-Governor on the Jimmy Noe ticket. The campaign got off to a slow start, with Davis running a bland campaign calling for \"peace and harmony.\" Morrison campaigned on a platform of economic progress and development, while Noe and Dodd used promises of increased social programs to compete for traditional Long supporters.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [39, 67], "content_span": [68, 720]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078211-0004-0000", "contents": "1960 Louisiana gubernatorial election, Democratic primary, Campaign\nAlthough easily winning the 1956 gubernatorial election, the ticket of Jimmy Noe and Earl Long finished a distant fourth. This is due, in part, because of the significant problems Earl Long experienced during the latter part of his last term in office such as his involuntary commitment to a state mental hospital, his affair with stripper Blaze Starr, and his ambivalence regarding civil rights issues.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [39, 67], "content_span": [68, 471]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078211-0005-0000", "contents": "1960 Louisiana gubernatorial election, Democratic primary, Campaign\nDavis originally campaigned on a vague platform of peace and harmony in the first primary, before adopting a defense of segregation in the runoff. He was supported by the Regular Democratic Organization political machine in New Orleans and endorsed by The New Orleans Times-Picayune.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [39, 67], "content_span": [68, 351]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078211-0006-0000", "contents": "1960 Louisiana gubernatorial election, Democratic primary, Campaign\nMorrison stressed his accomplishments as mayor for the previous fourteen years and called for industrialization of the state. He had the support of unions and favored large building programs and increased trade with Latin America.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [39, 67], "content_span": [68, 298]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078211-0007-0000", "contents": "1960 Louisiana gubernatorial election, Democratic primary, Campaign\nRainach campaigned as a staunch defender of segregation, using white supremacist rhetoric and attacking his opponents for their perceived softness on \"the race question\".", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [39, 67], "content_span": [68, 238]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078211-0008-0000", "contents": "1960 Louisiana gubernatorial election, Democratic primary, Run-off, Campaign\nAfter seeing the explosive growth in support enjoyed by the little-known Rainach, who finished in third place after employing racist rhetoric in the primary, Davis adopted a similar tactic in the runoff. After receiving the endorsement of Rainach, Davis began to criticize Morrison for having received a large proportion of African-American votes in the primary. The Davis campaign claimed Morrison was supported by the NAACP \u2013 which Davis termed as \"a communist Negro organization founded in New York\" \u2013 and that he would integrate the state and use increased black voter registration to dominate Louisiana politics. The Times-Picayune aided the Davis campaign by emphasizing the high level of support Morrison had received from black voters. Earl Long also endorsed Davis.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [39, 76], "content_span": [77, 851]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078211-0009-0000", "contents": "1960 Louisiana gubernatorial election, Democratic primary, Run-off, Campaign\nMorrison responded in kind, extolling his record of support for segregation as mayor of New Orleans and questioning Davis's own segregationist credentials. He also boasted that he had been sued by the NAACP more times than any other Louisiana official. Though he was a supporter of segregation, Morrison depended on black votes and could not afford to alienate potential supporters by using the overtly racist rhetoric of his opponent. He remained on the defensive throughout the runoff campaign. The political liabilities of being an urbanite, a Catholic, and a perceived integrationist cost Morrison any support he might have expected in conservative, Protestant, segregationist northern Louisiana.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [39, 76], "content_span": [77, 777]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078211-0010-0000", "contents": "1960 Louisiana gubernatorial election, Democratic primary, Run-off, Campaign\nAll of the Davis ticket mates for lesser constitutional officers were nominated in the runoff election and won in the general election as well. None of the Morrison-endorsed candidates was nominated.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [39, 76], "content_span": [77, 276]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078211-0011-0000", "contents": "1960 Louisiana gubernatorial election, General election, Campaign\nIn 1959\u20131960, former State Police Superintendent Francis Grevemberg rejected cries of \"It can't be done\" and switched parties to run for governor as a Republican. He faced Jimmie Davis in the general election. Grevemberg called for abolition of useless positions in state government and industrial recruitment efforts. His candidacy offered the state something that it had not seen before, a contested general election for governor. \"Never before have the voters in this state been given such an opportunity for self-expression\", opined Alexandria Daily Town Talk, \"It is a rare opportunity for us to take part in an advanced course in government and politics.\"", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [39, 65], "content_span": [66, 727]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078211-0012-0000", "contents": "1960 Louisiana gubernatorial election, General election, Campaign\nDemocrats were sufficiently confident of overwhelming victories to restrict their general election activities to a few party harmony speeches. Davis had stopped campaigning after he defeated Mayor Morrison and did not return to active campaign status until a few weeks prior to the general election.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [39, 65], "content_span": [66, 365]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078211-0013-0000", "contents": "1960 Louisiana gubernatorial election, General election, Campaign\nGrevemberg was outraged at newspaper editorials against him. \"My main purpose for entering this race was toward a two-party system ... I hope I have convinced a sizeable number of people we do need two parties.\" Grevemberg was particularly hostile toward the Times-Picayune (New Orleans), which called him a \"turncoat\" after he left the Democratic party, adding: \"I risked my life and those of my family in attempts to rid this state of racketeers ... These newspapers have lived up to the reputation given them by Huey Long that they were yellow journals.\"", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [39, 65], "content_span": [66, 623]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078211-0014-0000", "contents": "1960 Louisiana gubernatorial election, General election, Results\nGrevemberg scored his highest percent, 39.9 in Terrebonne Parish, and his second-best showing was the 27.2 percent in his native Lafayette Parish. In several parishes, Grevemberg polled less than 2 percent of the ballots.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [39, 64], "content_span": [65, 286]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078211-0015-0000", "contents": "1960 Louisiana gubernatorial election, Significance of the election\nIn a time of growing support for the civil rights movement, the 1959\u201360 election was the first since the advent of Jim Crow in which race became the central issue of a Louisiana campaign. This election also marked the definitive end of the Long era in Louisiana politics. For the first time since 1928, no candidate backed by Huey or Earl Long made the runoff; Noe finished a distant fourth.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [39, 67], "content_span": [68, 459]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078212-0000-0000", "contents": "1960 Louisville Cardinals football team\nThe 1960 Louisville Cardinals football team was an American football team that represented the University of Louisville as an independent during the 1960 NCAA College Division football season. In their 15th season under head coach Frank Camp, the Cardinals compiled a 7\u20132 record.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [39, 39], "content_span": [40, 319]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078212-0001-0000", "contents": "1960 Louisville Cardinals football team\nThe team's statistical leaders included Ernie Green with 441 rushing yards and John Giles with 436 passing yards.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [39, 39], "content_span": [40, 153]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078213-0000-0000", "contents": "1960 Ludlow by-election\nThe Ludlow by-election, 1960 was a parliamentary by-election for the British House of Commons constituency of Ludlow on 16 November 1960.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [23, 23], "content_span": [24, 161]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078213-0001-0000", "contents": "1960 Ludlow by-election, Vacancy\nThe by-election was caused by the death of the sitting Conservative MP, Christopher Holland-Martin on 5 April 1960. He had been MP here since holding the seat in 1951.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 32], "content_span": [33, 200]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078213-0002-0000", "contents": "1960 Ludlow by-election, Election history\nLudlow had been won by the Conservatives at every election since 1950 when they gained the seat from the Liberals. The result at the last General election was as follows;", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 41], "content_span": [42, 212]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078213-0003-0000", "contents": "1960 Ludlow by-election, Campaign\nEven though the previous MP died on 5 April 1960, Polling Day was not fixed until 16 November 1960.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 33], "content_span": [34, 133]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078213-0004-0000", "contents": "1960 Ludlow by-election, Aftermath\nOnly More went on to contest the seat at the following elections. Rees contested Cardiff North and Garwell contested Birmingham Selly Oak. The result at the 1964 general election;", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 34], "content_span": [35, 214]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078214-0000-0000", "contents": "1960 Maine Black Bears football team\nThe 1960 Maine Black Bears football team was an American football team that represented the University of Maine as a member of the Yankee Conference during the 1960 NCAA College Division football season. In its 10th season under head coach Harold Westerman, the team compiled a 4\u20133\u20131 record (3\u20132 against conference opponents) and finished third out of the six teams in the Yankee Conference championship. The team played its home games at Alumni Field in Orono, Maine. Ewen MacKinnon, Wayne Champeon, and Richard Leadbetter were the team captains.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [36, 36], "content_span": [37, 584]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078215-0000-0000", "contents": "1960 Maine gubernatorial special election\nThe 1960 Maine gubernatorial special election was a special election held to officially elect a Governor of Maine following the death of Governor Clinton Clauson. It took place on November 8, 1960 with Republican Governor John Reed (who, as Maine Senate President, automatically took office upon Clauson's death) defeating Democrat Frank M. Coffin.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 41], "section_span": [41, 41], "content_span": [42, 390]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078215-0001-0000", "contents": "1960 Maine gubernatorial special election\nThe election was also the first time since Maine was admitted to the Union that the state did not hold its election in September. Traditionally, Maine had held its elections two months before the rest of the nation, which had help give birth to the phrase \"As Maine goes, so goes the nation\" and its status as a bellwether state. However, following a 1957 referendum, the state constitution was amended to hold all elections after 1958 in November and shift from two-year to four-year terms.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 41], "section_span": [41, 41], "content_span": [42, 533]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078215-0002-0000", "contents": "1960 Maine gubernatorial special election, Notes\nThis Maine elections-related article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by .", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 41], "section_span": [43, 48], "content_span": [49, 124]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078217-0000-0000", "contents": "1960 Major League Baseball All-Star Game (first game)\nThe 1960 Major League Baseball All-Star Game was the 28th playing of the midsummer classic between the all-stars of the American League (AL) and National League (NL), the two leagues comprising Major League Baseball. The game was held on July 11, 1960, at Municipal Stadium in Kansas City, Missouri the home of the Kansas City Athletics of the American League. The game resulted in the National League defeating the American League 5\u20133.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 53], "section_span": [53, 53], "content_span": [54, 490]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078217-0001-0000", "contents": "1960 Major League Baseball All-Star Game (first game)\nA second all-star game was played two days later on July 13 at Yankee Stadium in New York City.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 53], "section_span": [53, 53], "content_span": [54, 149]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078217-0002-0000", "contents": "1960 Major League Baseball All-Star Game (first game), Rosters\nPlayers in italics have since been inducted into the National Baseball Hall of Fame.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 53], "section_span": [55, 62], "content_span": [63, 147]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078217-0003-0000", "contents": "1960 Major League Baseball All-Star Game (first game), Game\nUmpires: Jim Honochick, Home Plate (AL); Tom Gorman, First Base (NL); Nestor Chylak, Second Base (AL); Dusty Boggess, Third Base (NL); Johnny Stevens, Left Field (AL); Vinnie Smith, Right Field (NL)", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 53], "section_span": [55, 59], "content_span": [60, 258]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078218-0000-0000", "contents": "1960 Major League Baseball All-Star Game (second game)\nThe second 1960 Major League Baseball All-Star Game was the 29th playing of Major League Baseball's annual midsummer exhibition game. The game took place at Yankee Stadium in New York City, home of the American League's New York Yankees. The National League won the game by a score of 6\u20130. The National League hit four home runs, tying an All-Star Game record.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 54], "section_span": [54, 54], "content_span": [55, 415]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078218-0001-0000", "contents": "1960 Major League Baseball All-Star Game (second game), Rosters\nPlayers in italics have since been inducted into the National Baseball Hall of Fame.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 54], "section_span": [56, 63], "content_span": [64, 148]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078218-0002-0000", "contents": "1960 Major League Baseball All-Star Game (second game), Game\nFor many local New York fans, the second All-Star Game marked the return of Willie Mays to New York. Against starting pitcher Whitey Ford, Mays led off the game with a single, then homered in the third. Eddie Matthews and Stan Musial also hit home runs in the game. The All-Star game also marked the nineteenth and final All-Star appearance of Ted Williams, who left the competition with a .304 average, four home runs, twelve runs batted in and ten runs scored.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 54], "section_span": [56, 60], "content_span": [61, 523]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078218-0003-0000", "contents": "1960 Major League Baseball All-Star Game (second game), Game\nUmpires: Nestor Chylak, Home Plate (AL); Dusty Boggess, First Base (NL); Jim Honochick, Second Base (AL); Tom Gorman, Third Base (NL);  Johnny Stevens, Left Field (AL); Vinnie Smith, Right Field (NL)", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 54], "section_span": [56, 60], "content_span": [61, 260]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078219-0000-0000", "contents": "1960 Major League Baseball expansion draft\nThe 1960 MLB expansion draft was held by Major League Baseball on December 14, 1960, to fill the rosters of the Los Angeles Angels and the Washington Senators. The Angels and Senators (who later became the Texas Rangers) were new franchises that would enter the league in the following season as part of the 1961 Major League Baseball expansion.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 42], "section_span": [42, 42], "content_span": [43, 388]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078219-0001-0000", "contents": "1960 Major League Baseball expansion draft, Ground rules\nEach existing American League club had to make available for the draft seven players on their active rosters on August 31, 1960, and eight others from their 40-man rosters. The expansion clubs paid US$75,000 for each of 28 players they drafted with a maximum of seven players drafted from each existing club, not including minor league selections. They were required to take at least ten pitchers, two catchers, six infielders, and four outfielders. The clubs also had the option of drafting one non-roster player for $25,000 from each established franchise.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 42], "section_span": [44, 56], "content_span": [57, 615]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078219-0002-0000", "contents": "1960 Major League Baseball expansion draft, Hasty expansion sowed draft confusion\nReacting belatedly to the National League's July 1960 announcement that it would expand to New York and Houston to begin play 20 months later, in April 1962, the American League declared in October 1960 it would add two new teams as well\u2014and that the AL's new teams would take the field in only six months, in time for the 1961 season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 42], "section_span": [44, 81], "content_span": [82, 417]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078219-0003-0000", "contents": "1960 Major League Baseball expansion draft, Hasty expansion sowed draft confusion\nPlaying catch-up to the National League, under a much tighter deadline with no ownership groups, management or stadia yet in place, the Junior Circuit was forced to wait until November 17, 1960, to officially award an expansion franchise to Washington, D.C., to replace the recently-relocated Minnesota Twins. Because it also intended to enter the Los Angeles metropolitan market, then controlled by Walter O'Malley, majority owner of the Dodgers, the American League was compelled to negotiate an indemnification agreement with O'Malley before the Los Angeles franchise could be granted.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 42], "section_span": [44, 81], "content_span": [82, 670]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078219-0003-0001", "contents": "1960 Major League Baseball expansion draft, Hasty expansion sowed draft confusion\nFinally, on December 6, 1960\u2014barely a week before the expansion draft was scheduled to be held at AL headquarters in Boston\u2014the Angels franchise was officially created and awarded to Gene Autry. The league's chaotic, eleventh-hour approach to expansion resulted, on the day of the draft, in the new Senators' and Angels' noncompliance with rules that governed the maximum number of players each new club could select from each of the eight established teams. As a result, several post-draft trades were necessary to rectify the problem.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 42], "section_span": [44, 81], "content_span": [82, 618]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078219-0004-0000", "contents": "1960 Major League Baseball expansion draft, Hasty expansion sowed draft confusion\nThe situation is described by authors Andy McCue and Eric Thompson in their 2011 Hardball Times article, \"Mismanagement 101: The American League Expansion of 1961,\" also published by the Society for American Baseball Research.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 42], "section_span": [44, 81], "content_span": [82, 308]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078220-0000-0000", "contents": "1960 Major League Baseball season\nThe 1960 Major League Baseball season was played from April 12 to October 13, 1960. It was the final season contested by 16 clubs and the final season that a 154-game schedule was played in both the American League and the National League. The AL began using the 162-game schedule the following season, with the NL following suit in 1962.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [33, 33], "content_span": [34, 372]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078220-0001-0000", "contents": "1960 Major League Baseball season\nThe season ended with the Pittsburgh Pirates, led by second baseman Bill Mazeroski, defeating the New York Yankees, led by outfield sluggers Mickey Mantle and Roger Maris in the World Series. The series ending, with Mazeroski hitting a walk-off home run in Game 7, is among the most memorable in baseball history.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [33, 33], "content_span": [34, 347]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078221-0000-0000", "contents": "1960 Malagasy parliamentary election\nParliamentary elections were held in Madagascar on 4 September 1960. They were won by the Social Democratic Party, which claimed 76 of the 127 seats in the National Assembly. Voter turnout was 77.5%.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [36, 36], "content_span": [37, 236]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078222-0000-0000", "contents": "1960 Malayan local elections\nLocal elections were held in the Federation of Malaya in 1960.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [28, 28], "content_span": [29, 91]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078223-0000-0000", "contents": "1960 Marquette Warriors football team\nThe 1960 Marquette Warriors football team was an American football team that represented Marquette University as an independent during the 1960 NCAA University Division football season. In its sixth season under head coach Lisle Blackbourn, the team compiled a 3\u20136 record and was outscored by a total of 202 to 101. The team played its home games at Marquette Stadium in Milwaukee.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [37, 37], "content_span": [38, 419]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078223-0001-0000", "contents": "1960 Marquette Warriors football team\nOn December 9, 1960, Marquette announced that, after 78 years of intercollegiate football at Marquette, the sport was being dropped. The university's president, Very Rev. Edward J. O'Donnell noted that the football program had lost $50,000 in the past year and that there was a \"reasonable unwillingness to accept the financial hardships imposed by these two sports [football and track] in the light of the other needs of the university.\" The decision led to a protest by 3,000 students. Coach Lisle called the decision a \"terrible mistake\" and stated that he was not asked to sit in on any of the meetings and was surprised by the decision.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [37, 37], "content_span": [38, 679]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078224-0000-0000", "contents": "1960 Marshall Thundering Herd football team\nThe 1960 Marshall Thundering Herd football team was an American football team that represented Marshall University in the Mid-American Conference (MAC) during the 1960 NCAA College Division football season. In its second season under head coach Charlie Snyder, the team compiled a 2\u20137\u20131 record (1\u20134 against conference opponents), finished in sixth place out of seven teams in the MAC, and was outscored by a total of 160 to 58. Alpha Mayfield and Wilson Lathan were the team captains. The team played its home games at Fairfield Stadium in Huntington, West Virginia.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 43], "section_span": [43, 43], "content_span": [44, 610]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078225-0000-0000", "contents": "1960 Maryland Terrapins football team\nThe 1960 Maryland Terrapins football team represented the University of Maryland in the 1960 NCAA University Division football season. In their second season under head coach Tom Nugent, the Terrapins compiled a 6\u20134 record (5\u20132 in conference), finished in third place in the Atlantic Coast Conference, and outscored their opponents 171 to 164. The team's statistical leaders included Dale Betty with 796 passing yards, Pat Drass with 297 rushing yards, and Gary Collins with 404 receiving yards.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [37, 37], "content_span": [38, 533]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078226-0000-0000", "contents": "1960 Massachusetts elections\nA Massachusetts general election was held on November 8, 1960 in the Commonwealth of Massachusetts.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [28, 28], "content_span": [29, 128]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078226-0001-0000", "contents": "1960 Massachusetts elections\nDemocratic and Republican candidates were selected in party primaries held on September 13, 1960.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [28, 28], "content_span": [29, 126]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078226-0002-0000", "contents": "1960 Massachusetts elections, Governor\nRepublican John A. Volpe was elected over Democrat Joseph D. Ward, Socialist Labor candidate Henning A. Blomen, and Prohibition candidate Guy S. Williams.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 38], "content_span": [39, 193]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078226-0003-0000", "contents": "1960 Massachusetts elections, Lieutenant Governor\nDemocrat Edward F. McLaughlin, Jr. was elected Lieutenant Governor over Republican Augustus Gardner Means, Socialist Labor candidate Francis A. Votano, and Prohibition candidate Thomas Maratea. This is the last time that a Lieutenant Governor would not be from the same party as the Governor.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 49], "content_span": [50, 342]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078226-0004-0000", "contents": "1960 Massachusetts elections, Attorney General\nIncumbent Attorney General Edward J. McCormack, Jr. defeated Republican George Michaels, Socialist Workers candidate August Johnson, and Prohibition candidate William D. Ross.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 46], "content_span": [47, 222]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078226-0005-0000", "contents": "1960 Massachusetts elections, Secretary of the Commonwealth\nIncumbent Secretary of the Commonwealth Joseph D. Ward did not run for re-election as he instead ran for Governor.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 59], "content_span": [60, 174]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078226-0006-0000", "contents": "1960 Massachusetts elections, Secretary of the Commonwealth\nKevin White defeated Francis X. Ahearn and Margaret McGovern in the Democratic primary.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 59], "content_span": [60, 147]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078226-0007-0000", "contents": "1960 Massachusetts elections, Secretary of the Commonwealth\nThe Republicans nominated Edward Brooke, who became the first African-American to be nominated for Massachusetts statewide office by a major party.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 59], "content_span": [60, 207]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078226-0008-0000", "contents": "1960 Massachusetts elections, Secretary of the Commonwealth\nWhite defeated Brooke, Socialist Labor candidate Fred M. Ingersoll, and Prohibition candidate Julia Kohler in the general election.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 59], "content_span": [60, 191]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078226-0009-0000", "contents": "1960 Massachusetts elections, Treasurer and Receiver-General\nIncumbent Treasurer and Receiver-General John Francis Kennedy did not run for re-election as he instead ran for Governor.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 60], "content_span": [61, 182]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078226-0010-0000", "contents": "1960 Massachusetts elections, Treasurer and Receiver-General\nIn the Democratic primary, John T. Driscoll defeated Patrick F. McDonough, John B. Kennedy, George F. Hurley, John M. Kennedy, and Robert J. Sullivan.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 60], "content_span": [61, 211]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078226-0011-0000", "contents": "1960 Massachusetts elections, Treasurer and Receiver-General\nWalter J. Trybulski defeated Francis Andrew Walsh for the Republican nomination.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 60], "content_span": [61, 141]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078226-0012-0000", "contents": "1960 Massachusetts elections, Treasurer and Receiver-General\nDriscoll defeated Trybulski, Socialist Labor candidate Domenico DiGirolamo, and Prohibition candidate Warren Carberg in the general election.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 60], "content_span": [61, 202]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078226-0013-0000", "contents": "1960 Massachusetts elections, Auditor\nIncumbent Auditor Thomas J. Buckley defeated John Hynes in the Democratic primary and Republican Gardner Wardwell, Socialist Labor candidate Arne Sortell, and Prohibition candidate John B. Lauder in the general election.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 37], "content_span": [38, 258]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078226-0014-0000", "contents": "1960 Massachusetts elections, United States Senator\nRepublican Leverett Saltonstall was re-elected over Democrat Thomas J. O'Connor, Socialist Labor candidate Lawrence Gilfedder, and Prohibition candidate Mark R. Shaw.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 51], "content_span": [52, 218]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078227-0000-0000", "contents": "1960 Massachusetts gubernatorial election\nThe 1960 Massachusetts gubernatorial election was held on November 8, 1960. John A. Volpe was elected Governor of Massachusetts to replace Foster Furcolo. Volpe defeated Democrat Joseph D. Ward in the race. Also running were Henning A. Blomen of the Socialist Labor Party of America and Guy S. Williams of the Prohibition Party.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 41], "section_span": [41, 41], "content_span": [42, 370]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078227-0001-0000", "contents": "1960 Massachusetts gubernatorial election\nIn the race for lieutenant governor, Democrat Edward F. McLaughlin, Jr., defeated Republican Augustus Gardner Means, Prohibition candidate Thomas Maratea, and Socialist Labor candidate Francis A. Votano.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 41], "section_span": [41, 41], "content_span": [42, 245]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078227-0002-0000", "contents": "1960 Massachusetts gubernatorial election, Republican primary, Governor, Results\nFollowing his endorsement at the state convention, Volpe was unopposed for the Republican nomination.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 41], "section_span": [43, 80], "content_span": [81, 182]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078228-0000-0000", "contents": "1960 Masters Tournament\nThe 1960 Masters Tournament was the 24th Masters Tournament, held April 7\u201310 at Augusta National Golf Club in Augusta, Georgia. Arnold Palmer birdied the final two holes to win by one stroke over runner-up Ken Venturi.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [23, 23], "content_span": [24, 242]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078228-0001-0000", "contents": "1960 Masters Tournament\nIt was the second of Palmer's four Masters victories and the second of his seven major titles. Palmer, age 30, also won the U.S. Open in 1960 and was the runner-up at the British Open.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [23, 23], "content_span": [24, 208]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078228-0002-0000", "contents": "1960 Masters Tournament\nJack Nicklaus, age 20 and the reigning U.S. Amateur champion, played in his second Masters. He made the cut for the first time at Augusta and tied for 13th place. Defending champion Art Wall Jr. did not play, due to a knee injury. The purse was $87,050 with a winner's share of $17,500.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [23, 23], "content_span": [24, 310]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078228-0003-0000", "contents": "1960 Masters Tournament\nThird place finisher Dow Finsterwald received a two-stroke penalty after the second round for violating a local rule, practice putting on the green following the conclusion of a hole, and lost the title by two strokes. The incident had occurred in the first round, and was self-reported after the second round after he was informed by his playing partner Billy Casper that it was not allowed. Instead of leading at 139 (\u22125), Finsterwald was tied with Ben Hogan and two others for second place after two rounds at 141, one stroke behind leader Palmer at 140.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [23, 23], "content_span": [24, 581]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078228-0004-0000", "contents": "1960 Masters Tournament\nPalmer was the sole leader after all four rounds and was the second wire-to-wire winner at the Masters, following Craig Wood in 1941. Subsequent wire-to-wire winners were Jack Nicklaus in 1972, Raymond Floyd in 1976, and Jordan Spieth in 2015.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [23, 23], "content_span": [24, 267]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078228-0005-0000", "contents": "1960 Masters Tournament\nThe 36-hole cut rule was slightly modified this year to include all golfers in the top 40 plus ties or within 10 strokes of the lead. Previously the cut rule at the Masters (instituted in 1957) was top 40 plus ties. Three golfers made the cut at 150 (+6) who would not have made the cut under the previous rule.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [23, 23], "content_span": [24, 335]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078228-0006-0000", "contents": "1960 Masters Tournament\nThe Par 3 contest was introduced this year, and three-time Masters champion Sam Snead won with a score of 23 (\u22124).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [23, 23], "content_span": [24, 138]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078228-0007-0000", "contents": "1960 Masters Tournament, Field\nJack Burke Jr. (4,11), Jimmy Demaret, Doug Ford (4,9,11), Claude Harmon (9), Ben Hogan (2,3,4,9), Herman Keiser, Cary Middlecoff (2,8,10,11), Byron Nelson (2,4), Arnold Palmer (8,9), Henry Picard (4), Gene Sarazen (2,3,4), Horton Smith, Sam Snead (3,4,8,9,10,11), Craig Wood (2)", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 30], "content_span": [31, 309]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078228-0008-0000", "contents": "1960 Masters Tournament, Field\nTommy Bolt, Julius Boros (8,11), Billy Burke, Billy Casper (9), Chick Evans (5,a), Jack Fleck (8), Ed Furgol, Tony Manero, Lloyd Mangrum, Fred McLeod, Sam Parks Jr., Lew Worsham", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 30], "content_span": [31, 208]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078228-0009-0000", "contents": "1960 Masters Tournament, Field\nWalter Burkemo (8), Dow Finsterwald (8,9,10,11), Vic Ghezzi, Chick Harbert (8), Chandler Harper (8), Lionel Hebert, Johnny Revolta, Bob Rosburg (9,10,11), Paul Runyan, Jim Turnesa", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 30], "content_span": [31, 210]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078228-0010-0000", "contents": "1960 Masters Tournament, Field\nDeane Beman (6,a), Dick Chapman (a), Charles Coe (6,7,8,a), Jack Nicklaus (6,7,a), Robert Sweeny Jr. (a)", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 30], "content_span": [31, 135]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078228-0011-0000", "contents": "1960 Masters Tournament, Field\nTommy Aaron (a), William C. Campbell (a), Chuck Kocsis (8,a), Billy Joe Patton (8,a), Bud Taylor (a), Ward Wettlaufer (a)", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 30], "content_span": [31, 152]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078228-0012-0000", "contents": "1960 Masters Tournament, Field\nGene Andrews (a), David Goldman (a), Charles Harrison (a), Dudley Wysong (a)", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 30], "content_span": [31, 107]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078228-0013-0000", "contents": "1960 Masters Tournament, Field\nFred Hawkins (9), Jay Hebert (11), Ted Kroll (9), Gene Littler (9), Billy Maxwell, Ed Oliver, Bo Wininger", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 30], "content_span": [31, 136]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078228-0014-0000", "contents": "1960 Masters Tournament, Field\nBruce Crampton, M\u00e1rio Gonzalez, Harold Henning, Denis Hutchinson, Stan Leonard (8), \u00c1ngel Miguel, Kel Nagle, Gary Player (3,8,9), Norman Von Nida, Harry Weetman", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 30], "content_span": [31, 191]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078229-0000-0000", "contents": "1960 Meath Intermediate Football Championship\nThe 1960 Meath Intermediate Football Championship is the 34th edition of the Meath GAA's premier club Gaelic football tournament for intermediate graded teams in County Meath, Ireland. The tournament consists of 12 teams. The championship format consists of a league stage.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 45], "section_span": [45, 45], "content_span": [46, 319]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078229-0001-0000", "contents": "1960 Meath Intermediate Football Championship\nAt the end of the season Carlanstown, Castletown and Millbrook applied to be regraded to the 1961 J.A.F.C. while Fordstown and Kilberry applied to be regraded to the 1961 J.B.F.C.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 45], "section_span": [45, 45], "content_span": [46, 225]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078229-0002-0000", "contents": "1960 Meath Intermediate Football Championship\nOn 16 October 1960, Athboy claimed their 1st Intermediate championship title when they defeated St. Patrick's 2-7 to 1-3 in the final at Pairc Tailteann.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 45], "section_span": [45, 45], "content_span": [46, 199]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078229-0003-0000", "contents": "1960 Meath Intermediate Football Championship, Team changes\nThe following teams have changed division since the 1959 championship season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 45], "section_span": [47, 59], "content_span": [60, 137]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078229-0004-0000", "contents": "1960 Meath Intermediate Football Championship, Group stage\nThere are 2 groups called Group A and B. The top finisher in each group will qualify for the Final. Some results were unavailable in the Meath Chronicle.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 45], "section_span": [47, 58], "content_span": [59, 212]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078230-0000-0000", "contents": "1960 Meath Senior Football Championship\nThe 1960 Meath Senior Football Championship is the 68th edition of the Meath GAA's premier club Gaelic football tournament for senior graded teams in County Meath, Ireland. The tournament consists of 13 teams. The championship employed a straight knock-out format.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [39, 39], "content_span": [40, 304]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078230-0001-0000", "contents": "1960 Meath Senior Football Championship\nThis season saw Donaghmore's return to the top flight after claiming the 1959 Meath Intermediate Football Championship title, ending their 2 year exodus from the top-flight.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [39, 39], "content_span": [40, 213]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078230-0002-0000", "contents": "1960 Meath Senior Football Championship\nNavan O'Mahonys were the defending champions after they defeated Skryne in the previous years final, and they successfully defended their crown to claim their 5th S.F.C. title (4-in-a-row) by defeating Drumbaragh in the final at Pairc Tailteann by 2-11 to 0-6 on 16 October 1960. Eanna Giles raised the Keegan Cup for the Hoops in front of an attendance of approximately 3,500.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [39, 39], "content_span": [40, 417]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078230-0003-0000", "contents": "1960 Meath Senior Football Championship\nAt the end of the season Carnaross were regraded to the 1961 J.A.F.C. after 3 years as a senior club.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [39, 39], "content_span": [40, 141]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078230-0004-0000", "contents": "1960 Meath Senior Football Championship, Team Changes\nThe following teams have changed division since the 1959 championship season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 53], "content_span": [54, 131]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078230-0005-0000", "contents": "1960 Meath Senior Football Championship, First Round\n10 teams enter this round selected by random draw. The winner progresses to the Quarter-Finals.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 52], "content_span": [53, 148]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078230-0006-0000", "contents": "1960 Meath Senior Football Championship, Quarter-Finals\nThe 3 remaining clubs (Ballinlough, Ballivor & St. Vincent's) along with the Round 1 winners enter this round.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 55], "content_span": [56, 166]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078231-0000-0000", "contents": "1960 Meistaradeildin, Overview\nIt was contested by 4 teams, and Havnar B\u00f3ltfelag won the championship.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [22, 30], "content_span": [31, 102]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078232-0000-0000", "contents": "1960 Memorial Cup\nThe 1960 Memorial Cup final was the 42nd junior ice hockey championship of the Canadian Amateur Hockey Association. The George Richardson Memorial Trophy champions St. Catharines Teepees of the Ontario Hockey Association in Eastern Canada competed against the Abbott Cup champions Edmonton Oil Kings of the Central Alberta Hockey League in Western Canada. The same teams played each in the 1954 Memorial Cup final. In a best-of-seven series, held at the Garden City Arena in St. Catharines, Ontario and at Maple Leaf Gardens in Toronto, Ontario, St. Catharines won their 2nd Memorial Cup, defeating Edmonton 4 games to 2.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [17, 17], "content_span": [18, 639]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078232-0001-0000", "contents": "1960 Memorial Cup, Scores\nScheduling for the 1960 Memorial Cup was supervised by Canadian Amateur Hockey Association first vice-president Jack Roxburgh. He directed the referees to be tougher on physical play and stick-swinging, due to aggressive and dangerous play.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 25], "content_span": [26, 266]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078232-0002-0000", "contents": "1960 Memorial Cup, Winning roster\nPete Berge, John Brenneman, Larry Burns, Pete Creco, Roger Crozier, Ray Cullen, Don Grosso, Vic Hadfield, Murray Hall, Duke Harris, Bill Ives, Carlo Longarini, Chico Maki, Terry McGuire, Rich Predovich, Pete Riddle, Doug Robinson, Bill Speer. Coach: Max Kaminsky", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 33], "content_span": [34, 296]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078233-0000-0000", "contents": "1960 Memphis State Tigers football team\nThe 1960 Memphis State Tigers football team represented Memphis State University (now known as the University of Memphis) as an independent during the 1960 NCAA University Division football season. In its first year of competition in the University Division and its third season under head coach Billy J. Murphy, the team compiled an 8\u20132 record and outscored opponents by a total of 303 to 85. Wayne Armstrong and Miller Matthews were the team captains. The team played its home games at Crump Stadium in Memphis, Tennessee.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [39, 39], "content_span": [40, 564]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078233-0001-0000", "contents": "1960 Memphis State Tigers football team\nThe team's statistical leaders included James Earl Wright with 801 passing yards, James Earl Wright with 574 rushing yards, and Hal Sterling with 169 receiving yards, and James Earl Wright and John Griffin with 30 points scored each.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [39, 39], "content_span": [40, 273]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078234-0000-0000", "contents": "1960 Men's British Open Squash Championship\nThe 1960 Open Championship was held at the Royal Automobile Club in Pall Mall, London from 2\u20137 December 1959.The Open championship was moved to December to avoid a clash with the professional championship. However to confuse matters instead of waiting until December 1960 the authorities decided to hold the tournament in December 1959 despite the fact that it had already been held in March 1959. Azam Khan retained his title beating Roshan Khan in final. Roshan slipped in the second rally of the final hurting himself, he played well until 4-1 behind in the first game but then faded very badly and could not move fluently which led to Azam going through the motions of wrapping up the easy victory.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 43], "section_span": [43, 43], "content_span": [44, 746]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078234-0001-0000", "contents": "1960 Men's British Open Squash Championship, Seeds\nMo Khan  Roshan Khan  Hashim Khan  Mike Oddy  Ibrahim Amin  Dardir El Bakary", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 43], "section_span": [45, 50], "content_span": [51, 127]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078235-0000-0000", "contents": "1960 Messina Grand Prix\nThe 2nd Messina Grand Prix was a motor race, run to Formula Junior rules, held on 31 July 1960 at Ganzirri Lake circuit in Messina, Italy. The race was part of the Italian Formula Junior Championship.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [23, 23], "content_span": [24, 224]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078236-0000-0000", "contents": "1960 Mestaruussarja, Overview\nIt was contested by 12 teams, and Haka Valkeakoski won the championship.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [21, 29], "content_span": [30, 102]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078237-0000-0000", "contents": "1960 Miami Hurricanes football team\nThe 1960 Miami Hurricanes football team represented the University of Miami as an independent during the 1960 NCAA University Division football season. Led by 13th-year head coach Andy Gustafson, the Hurricanes played their home games at the Miami Orange Bowl in Miami, Florida. Miami finished the season 6\u20134.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [35, 35], "content_span": [36, 345]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078238-0000-0000", "contents": "1960 Miami Redskins football team\nThe 1960 Miami Redskins football team was an American football team that represented Miami University in the Mid-American Conference (MAC) during the 1960 NCAA University Division football season. In its fifth season under head coach John Pont, Miami compiled a 6\u20134 record (2-3 against MAC opponents), finished in third place in the MAC, and were outscored by all opponents by a combined total of 159 to 139.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [33, 33], "content_span": [34, 442]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078238-0001-0000", "contents": "1960 Miami Redskins football team\nDave Kaiser, C. Edward Keating, Napoleon Reid, and Roger Turvy were the team captains. John Moore, who led the team with 616 rushing yards, 1,026 all-purpose yards, and 48 points, received the team's most valuable player awards. Other statistical leaders included Jack Gayheart with 441 passing yards and Howie Millisor with 261 receiving yards.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [33, 33], "content_span": [34, 379]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078239-0000-0000", "contents": "1960 Michigan State Spartans football team\nThe 1960 Michigan State Spartans football team represented Michigan State University in the 1960 Big Ten Conference football season. In their seventh season under head coach Duffy Daugherty, the Spartans compiled a 6\u20132\u20131 overall record (4\u20132 against Big Ten opponents), finished in fourth place in the Big Ten Conference, and were ranked #15 in the final AP Poll.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 42], "section_span": [42, 42], "content_span": [43, 405]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078239-0001-0000", "contents": "1960 Michigan State Spartans football team\nHalfback Herb Adderly was selected by the United Press International as a first-team player on the 1960 All-Big Ten Conference football team.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 42], "section_span": [42, 42], "content_span": [43, 184]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078239-0002-0000", "contents": "1960 Michigan State Spartans football team\nThe 1960 Spartans won all three of their annual rivalry games. In the annual Indiana\u2013Michigan State football rivalry game, the Spartans defeated the Hoosiers by a 35 to 0 score. In the Notre Dame rivalry game, the Spartans defeated the Fighting Irish by a 21 to 0 score. And, in the annual Michigan\u2013Michigan State football rivalry game, the Spartans defeated the Wolverines by a 24 to 17 score.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 42], "section_span": [42, 42], "content_span": [43, 437]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078239-0003-0000", "contents": "1960 Michigan State Spartans football team\nIn non-conference play, the Spartans tied Pittsburgh, 7\u20137, and defeated Detroit, 43\u201315.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 42], "section_span": [42, 42], "content_span": [43, 130]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078240-0000-0000", "contents": "1960 Michigan Wolverines football team\nThe 1960 Michigan Wolverines football team was an American football team that represented the University of Michigan in the 1960 Big Ten Conference football season. In its second year under head coach Bump Elliott, Michigan compiled a 5\u20134 record (3\u20134 against conference opponents), finished in fifth place in the Big Ten, and outscored opponents by a combined total of 133 to 84.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [38, 38], "content_span": [39, 418]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078240-0001-0000", "contents": "1960 Michigan Wolverines football team\nGerald Smith was the team captain and was selected by both the Associated Press and United Press International as the second-team center on the 1960 All-Big Ten Conference football team. Halfback Dennis Fitzgerald received the team's most valuable player award.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [38, 38], "content_span": [39, 300]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078240-0002-0000", "contents": "1960 Michigan Wolverines football team\nThe team's statistical leaders included Dave Glinka with 755 passing yards, Bennie McRae with 342 rushing yards, Robert Johnson with 230 receiving yards, and Dave Raimey with 36 points scored.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [38, 38], "content_span": [39, 231]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078240-0003-0000", "contents": "1960 Michigan Wolverines football team, Season summary, Preseason\nThe 1959 Michigan Wolverines football team compiled a 4\u20135 in its first season under head coach Bump Elliott. Several players from the 1959 team were lost to graduation, including fullback and most valuable player Tony Rio, halfback Fred Julian, quarterback Stan Noskin, and 1959 team captain George Genyk.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 65], "content_span": [66, 371]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078240-0004-0000", "contents": "1960 Michigan Wolverines football team, Season summary, Preseason\nIn May 1960, end Bill Freehan received the team's Meyer Morton Award as the most improved player in the team's spring practice.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 65], "content_span": [66, 193]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078240-0005-0000", "contents": "1960 Michigan Wolverines football team, Season summary, Preseason\nIn June 1960, halfback Jack Strobel received the team's John Maulbetsch Award on the basis of \"need, scholastic ability, together with a capacity, promise and desire for leadership and success.\"", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 65], "content_span": [66, 260]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078240-0006-0000", "contents": "1960 Michigan Wolverines football team, Season summary, Oregon\nOn September 24, Michigan opened its season with a 21\u20130 victory over Oregon. The game was played before a crowd of 50,889 at Michigan Stadium. On the opening drive, Michigan drove 53 yards for a touchdown. Sophomore halfback Dave Raimey ran 25 yards for the score on the first carry of his collegiate career. Sophomore quarterback Dave Glinka, also playing in his first collegiate game, threw touchdown passes of 10 yards to George Mans and nine yards to Scott Maentz. Michigan out-gained the Webfoots by a total of 377 yards to 135. Mans caught four passes for 65 yards and, playing on defense as well, recovered an Oregon fumble. Ken Tureaud led the Wolverines with 58 rushing yards.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 62], "content_span": [63, 748]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078240-0007-0000", "contents": "1960 Michigan Wolverines football team, Season summary, Michigan State\nOn October 1, Michigan lost its annual rivalry game with Michigan State, 24\u201317, before a record-setting crowd of 76,490 at Spartan Stadium in East Lansing, Michigan. Michigan held a 17\u201314 lead at halftime. The highlight of the first half was a 99-yard kickoff return by Michigan halfback Dennis Fitzgerald. In a game that saw seven changes in the lead, Michigan State fullback Carl Charon scored the game-winning touchdown on a three-yard run with less than three minutes remaining in the game.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 70], "content_span": [71, 565]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078240-0007-0001", "contents": "1960 Michigan Wolverines football team, Season summary, Michigan State\nIn the Detroit Free Press, Lyall Smith called it one of the most sensational matches in the history of the rivalry: \"It had everything. It had more than everything. It was one of collegiate football's greatest days and, if you don't believe it, wait about 20 years from now. They'll still be talking about it.\"", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 70], "content_span": [71, 381]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078240-0008-0000", "contents": "1960 Michigan Wolverines football team, Season summary, Duke\nOn October 8, Michigan defeated Duke, 31\u20136, before a crowd of 77,183 at Michigan Stadium. Sophomore halfback Dave Raimey rushed for 114 yards and two touchdowns. Dennis Fitzgerald also scored twice on a one-yard run and five-yard pass reception.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 60], "content_span": [61, 306]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078240-0009-0000", "contents": "1960 Michigan Wolverines football team, Season summary, Northwestern\nOn October 15, Michigan defeated Northwestern, 14\u20137, before a crowd of 64,514 at Michigan Stadium. Michigan took a 6\u20130 lead in the second quarter on a 35-yard touchdown pass from Dave Glinka to Bob Johnson, but John Halsted's extra-point kick went wide. Early in the fourth quarter, Dave Raimey fumbled a punt at the Wolverines' 27-yard line. On fourth-and-two, Northwestern took the lead on a 19-yard pitchout and run by Al Kimbrough. Glinka then completed a 50-yard pass to Johnson at the one-yard line.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 68], "content_span": [69, 574]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078240-0009-0001", "contents": "1960 Michigan Wolverines football team, Season summary, Northwestern\nThe pass was nearly intercepted by two Northwestern defenders, but the ball was bumped from the defenders into Johnson's hands. Fullback Bill Tunnicliff then ran the remaining yard for the game-winning touchdown, and Glinka passed to Bennie McRae for a two-point conversion. After the game, Northwestern coach Ara Parseghian credited Michigan's line: \"Michigan's line is much better than we expected and much faster than last year.\"", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 68], "content_span": [69, 501]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078240-0010-0000", "contents": "1960 Michigan Wolverines football team, Season summary, Minnesota\nOn October 22, Michigan lost to Minnesota by a 10\u20130 score in the annual Little Brown Jug game before a crowd of 69,352 at Michigan Stadium. Michigan turned the ball over seven times on five fumbles and two interceptions. Jim Rogers scored all 10 points for Minnesota on a two-yard run, an extra point, and a field goal. After the game, Minnesota players carried coach Murray Warmath off the field.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 65], "content_span": [66, 463]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078240-0011-0000", "contents": "1960 Michigan Wolverines football team, Season summary, Wisconsin\nOn October 29, Michigan lost to Wisconsin, 16\u201313, before a crowd of 57,629 at Camp Randall Stadium in Madison, Wisconsin. Michigan halfback Dave Raimey scored two rushing touchdowns in the first half to give Michigan a 13\u20136 lead at halftime. Jim Bakken kicked a game-winning 19-yard field goal with less than two minutes remaining in the game.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 65], "content_span": [66, 409]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078240-0012-0000", "contents": "1960 Michigan Wolverines football team, Season summary, Illinois\nOn November 5, Michigan defeated Illinois, 8\u20137, before a crowd of 62,927 at Michigan Stadium. The game matched brothers Bump Elliott and Pete Elliott, head coaches of the Wolverines and Illini. Illinois took a 7\u20130 lead on a four-yard pass from Johnny Easterbrook to Marshall Starks. In the second quarter, Michigan gambled on a fake punt on fourth-and-seven; Dave Glinka took the snap on the fake and threw for a 17-yard gain to Bob Johnson at Illinois' 26-yard line. The Wolverines' then drove to the one-yard line with Bill Tunnicliff scoring on a one-yard run. Glinka then passed to Fitzgerald for a two-point conversion, giving Michigan its winning margin of one point. Neither team scored in the second half.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 64], "content_span": [65, 778]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078240-0013-0000", "contents": "1960 Michigan Wolverines football team, Season summary, Indiana\nOn November 12, Michigan defeated Indiana, 29\u20137, before a crowd of 51,936 at Michigan Stadium. Indiana, which had beaten Michigan in the prior two meetings, drove 85 yards on its opening possession, capped by a 58-yard run by Mike Lopa. Michigan took the lead in the second quarter on a 31-yard pass from Dave Glinka to Scott Maentz. The score was 8\u20137 at halftime, but Michigan held Indiana to only seven yards in the second half. Michigan scored three touchdowns in the second half on runs by Bill Tunnicliff, Ken Tureaud, and John Kowalik. Two of Michigan's second-half touchdowns were aided by Indiana fumbles inside its 20-yard line. Bennie McRae led Michigan's backs with 87 rushing yards. Substituting extensively, Michigan used 56 players in the game. Michigan's leading scorer Dave Raimey did not play due to an ankle injury.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 63], "content_span": [64, 897]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078240-0014-0000", "contents": "1960 Michigan Wolverines football team, Season summary, Indiana\nThe Indiana game did not count in the Big Ten standings as a penalty for Indiana's violation of recruiting rules. After the game, Indiana coach Phil Dickens commented on the talent disparity between the teams: \"You don't go bear hunting with a switch.\"", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 63], "content_span": [64, 316]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078240-0015-0000", "contents": "1960 Michigan Wolverines football team, Season summary, Ohio State\nOn November 19, Michigan defeated Ohio State, 7\u20130, before a crowd of 83,107 at Ohio Stadium in Columbus, Ohio. The game was scoreless through three quarters. Early in the fourth quarter, Ohio State fullback Bob Ferguson ran 17 yards for the game-winning touchdown. Michigan's defense held the Buckeyes, the leading offense in the Big Ten with an average of 335 yards per game, to 168 yards of total offense. Michigan totaled 218 yards. After the game, Michigan coach Bump Elliott said: \"We played good football, but we didn't get the big play. It was a shame to lose after playing so well.\" Ohio State coach Woody Hayes also praised Michigan's defense: \"Michigan was the hardest-hitting defensive team we played all year.\"", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 66], "content_span": [67, 789]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078240-0016-0000", "contents": "1960 Michigan Wolverines football team, Season summary, Award season\nNo Michigan players were named to the 1960 All-America team. Team captain and center Gerald Smith received second-team honors from the Associated Press and United Press International on the 1960 All-Big Ten Conference football team.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 68], "content_span": [69, 301]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078240-0017-0000", "contents": "1960 Michigan Wolverines football team, Season summary, Award season\nAt the school's annual football \"bust\" on November 28, senior halfback Dennis Fitzgerald received the team's most valuable player award.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 68], "content_span": [69, 205]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078240-0018-0000", "contents": "1960 Michigan Wolverines football team, Personnel, Players\nThe following 38 players received varsity letters for their participation on the 1960 Michigan football team. Players who started at least four games are shown with their names in bold.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 58], "content_span": [59, 244]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078240-0019-0000", "contents": "1960 Michigan Wolverines football team, Statistical leaders\nMichigan's individual statistical leaders for the 1960 season include those listed below.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 59], "content_span": [60, 149]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078241-0000-0000", "contents": "1960 Michigan gubernatorial election\nThe 1960 Michigan gubernatorial election was held on November 8, 1960. Democratic nominee John B. Swainson defeated Republican nominee Paul Douglas Bagwell with 50.48% of the vote.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [36, 36], "content_span": [37, 217]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078242-0000-0000", "contents": "1960 Mid Bedfordshire by-election\nThe 1960 Mid Bedfordshire by-election was held on 16 November 1960 after the incumbent Conservative MP, Alan Lennox-Boyd became an hereditary peer. It was won by the Conservative candidate Stephen Hastings.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [33, 33], "content_span": [34, 240]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078242-0001-0000", "contents": "1960 Mid Bedfordshire by-election\nLennox-Boyd had held the seat in 1959 with a majority of 5,174 votes of the Labour Party's Bryan Magee. At the by-election Magee was again the Labour candidate, while the Liberal's also fielded their 1959 candidate, W. G. Matthews.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [33, 33], "content_span": [34, 265]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078243-0000-0000", "contents": "1960 Milan\u2013San Remo\nThe 1960 Milan\u2013San Remo was the 51st edition of the Milan\u2013San Remo cycle race and was held on 19 March 1960. The race started in Milan and finished in San Remo. The race was won by Ren\u00e9 Privat of the Mercier team.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [19, 19], "content_span": [20, 233]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078244-0000-0000", "contents": "1960 Milwaukee Braves season\nThe 1960 Milwaukee Braves season was the eighth for the franchise in Milwaukee, and the 90th overall. The Braves finished in second place in the NL with a record of 88\u201366, seven games behind the NL and World Series Champion Pittsburgh Pirates.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [28, 28], "content_span": [29, 272]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078244-0001-0000", "contents": "1960 Milwaukee Braves season, Offseason, Managerial and coaching turnover\nAfter 3\u00bd seasons at the helm of the Braves and compiling a record of 341\u2013231 (.596) with two NL pennants and the 1957 World Series championship, manager Fred Haney, 63, resigned on October 4 in the wake of the 1959 tie-breaker series loss to the L.A. Dodgers. On October 24, the Braves appointed another veteran skipper, Chuck Dressen, 65, well known as the manager of the \"Boys of Summer\" Brooklyn Dodgers of 1951\u20131953, as Haney's successor for 1960. The Braves had considered a number of high-profile former big-league managers, as well as minor league skipper Ben Geraghty, before settling on Dressen.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 73], "content_span": [74, 678]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078244-0002-0000", "contents": "1960 Milwaukee Braves season, Offseason, Managerial and coaching turnover\nPitching coach Whit Wyatt was Dressen's only 1960 holdover from Haney's coaching staff, with Billy Herman, John Fitzpatrick and George Susce all departing with Haney.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 73], "content_span": [74, 240]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078244-0003-0000", "contents": "1960 Milwaukee Braves season, Player stats, Batting, Starters by position\nNote: Pos = Position; G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 73], "content_span": [74, 198]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078244-0004-0000", "contents": "1960 Milwaukee Braves season, Player stats, Batting, Other batters\nNote: G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 66], "content_span": [67, 175]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078244-0005-0000", "contents": "1960 Milwaukee Braves season, Player stats, Pitching, Starting pitchers\nNote: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 71], "content_span": [72, 182]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078244-0006-0000", "contents": "1960 Milwaukee Braves season, Player stats, Pitching, Other pitchers\nNote: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 68], "content_span": [69, 179]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078244-0007-0000", "contents": "1960 Milwaukee Braves season, Player stats, Pitching, Relief pitchers\nNote: G = Games pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; SV = Saves; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 69], "content_span": [70, 170]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078245-0000-0000", "contents": "1960 Minnesota Golden Gophers baseball team\nThe 1960 Minnesota Golden Gophers baseball team represented the University of Minnesota in the 1960 NCAA University Division baseball season. The Golden Gophers played their home games at Delta Field. The team was coached by Dick Siebert in his 13th season at Minnesota.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 43], "section_span": [43, 43], "content_span": [44, 314]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078245-0001-0000", "contents": "1960 Minnesota Golden Gophers baseball team\nThe Golden Gophers won the College World Series, defeating the USC Trojans in the championship game.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 43], "section_span": [43, 43], "content_span": [44, 144]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078246-0000-0000", "contents": "1960 Minnesota Golden Gophers football team\nThe 1960 Minnesota Golden Gophers football team represented the University of Minnesota in the 1960 Big Ten Conference football season. In their seventh year under head coach Murray Warmath, the Golden Gophers compiled an 8\u20132 record and outscored their opponents by a combined total of 228 to 88.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 43], "section_span": [43, 43], "content_span": [44, 340]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078246-0001-0000", "contents": "1960 Minnesota Golden Gophers football team\nThe team was selected national champion by four NCAA-designated major selectors in Associated Press, Football News, National Football Foundation, and UPI/coaches with some selections made prior  to the Gophers' loss to Washington in the 1961 Rose Bowl. Both Minnesota and Ole Miss were consensus national champions.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 43], "section_span": [43, 43], "content_span": [44, 359]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078246-0002-0000", "contents": "1960 Minnesota Golden Gophers football team\nGuard Tom Brown received the team's Most Valuable Player award. Brown was also a consensus first-team All-American, won the Outland Trophy, finished second in the Heisman Trophy voting, and received the Chicago Tribune Silver Football, given to the Big Ten most valuable player. Brown, end Tom Hall and center Greg Larson were named All-Big Ten first team. Tackle Frank Brixius was named an Academic All-American and Academic All-Big Ten.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 43], "section_span": [43, 43], "content_span": [44, 482]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078246-0003-0000", "contents": "1960 Minnesota Golden Gophers football team\nTotal attendance at five home games was 334,954, an average of 55,825 per game. The largest crowd was against Illinois.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 43], "section_span": [43, 43], "content_span": [44, 163]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078247-0000-0000", "contents": "1960 Minnesota gubernatorial election\nThe 1960 Minnesota gubernatorial election took place on November 8, 1960. Republican Party of Minnesota candidate Elmer Andersen defeated Minnesota Democratic\u2013Farmer\u2013Labor Party challenger Orville Freeman.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [37, 37], "content_span": [38, 243]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078248-0000-0000", "contents": "1960 Minnesota lieutenant gubernatorial election\nThe 1960 Minnesota lieutenant gubernatorial election took place on November 8, 1960. Incumbent Lieutenant Governor Karl Rolvaag of the Minnesota Democratic-Farmer-Labor Party defeated Republican Party of Minnesota challenger Art Ogle.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 48], "section_span": [48, 48], "content_span": [49, 283]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078249-0000-0000", "contents": "1960 Minor States Carnival\nThe 1960 Minor States Carnival was an edition of the lower division of Australian National Football Carnival, an Australian rules football interstate competition. The previous minor states carnival had been held as part of the 1958 Melbourne Carnival. The competition was won by the Victorian Football Association.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [26, 26], "content_span": [27, 341]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078250-0000-0000", "contents": "1960 Mississippi Southern Southerners football team\nThe 1960 Mississippi Southern Southerners football team was an American football team that represented Mississippi Southern College (now known as the University of Southern Mississippi) as an independent during the 1960 NCAA College Division football season. In their twelfth year under head coach Thad Vann, the team compiled a 6\u20134 record.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 51], "section_span": [51, 51], "content_span": [52, 392]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078251-0000-0000", "contents": "1960 Mississippi State Maroons football team\nThe 1960 Mississippi State Maroons football team represented Mississippi State University during the 1960 NCAA University Division football season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [44, 44], "content_span": [45, 192]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078252-0000-0000", "contents": "1960 Missouri Tigers football team\nThe 1960 Missouri Tigers football team was an American football team that represented the University of Missouri in the Big Eight Conference (Big 8) during the 1960 NCAA University Division football season. The team compiled an 11\u20130 record (7\u20130 against Big 8 opponents), won the Big 8 championship, defeated Navy in the Orange Bowl, was ranked No. 5 in the final AP Poll, and outscored its opponents 295 to 93. Led by third-year head coach Dan Devine, the team played its home games at Memorial Stadium in Columbia, Missouri.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [34, 34], "content_span": [35, 560]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078252-0001-0000", "contents": "1960 Missouri Tigers football team\nThe 1960 season included one of the most famous games in the history of Missouri vs. Kansas rivalry. Missouri had won its first nine games and was top-ranked in the polls, but the visiting Jayhawks won 23\u20137. Kansas used an ineligible player, Bert Coan, in the game, and the win was officially awarded to Missouri by the Big Eight Conference, bringing its record to 11\u20130 instead of 10\u20131.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [34, 34], "content_span": [35, 421]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078252-0002-0000", "contents": "1960 Missouri Tigers football team\nThe team's statistical leaders included Mel West with 650 rushing yards and 650 yards of total offense, Ron Taylor with 302 passing yards, Danny LaRose with 151 receiving yards, and Donnie Smith with 78 point scored.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [34, 34], "content_span": [35, 251]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078253-0000-0000", "contents": "1960 Missouri gubernatorial election\nThe 1960 Missouri gubernatorial election was held on November 8, 1960 and resulted in a victory for the Democratic nominee, Missouri Attorney General John M. Dalton, over the Republican candidate, Edward G. Farmer.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [36, 36], "content_span": [37, 251]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078254-0000-0000", "contents": "1960 Missouri lieutenant gubernatorial election\nThe 1960 Missouri lieutenant gubernatorial election was held on November 8, 1960. Democratic nominee Hilary A. Bush defeated Republican nominee Harry E. Hatcher with 55.97% of the vote.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 47], "section_span": [47, 47], "content_span": [48, 233]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078255-0000-0000", "contents": "1960 Mitropa Cup\nThe 1960 Mitropa Cup was the 20th season of the Mitropa football club tournament. It was contested as a competition between countries and there was no elimination. The five competing countries each sent six teams each to the competition, which was won by Hungary.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 16], "section_span": [16, 16], "content_span": [17, 280]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078256-0000-0000", "contents": "1960 Monaco Grand Prix\nThe 1960 Monaco Grand Prix was a Formula One motor race held at Monaco on 29 May 1960. It was race 2 of 10 in the 1960 World Championship of Drivers and race 2 of 9 in the 1960 International Cup for Formula One Manufacturers.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [22, 22], "content_span": [23, 248]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078256-0001-0000", "contents": "1960 Monaco Grand Prix\nThe race was won by Stirling Moss in a Lotus 18 entered by the R.R.C Walker Racing Team. It was the first World Championship F1 victory for the marque.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [22, 22], "content_span": [23, 174]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078257-0000-0000", "contents": "1960 Mongolian legislative election\nParliamentary elections were held in Mongolia on 19 June 1960. At the time, the country was a one-party state under the rule of the Mongolian People's Revolutionary Party. The MPRP won 207 of the 267 seats, with the remaining 60 seats going to non-party candidates, who had been chosen by the MPRP due to their social status. Voter turnout was reported to be 100%, with only 83 registered voters failing to cast a ballot.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [35, 35], "content_span": [36, 457]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078258-0000-0000", "contents": "1960 Montana Grizzlies football team\nThe 1960 Montana Grizzlies football team represented the University of Montana in the 1960 NCAA University Division football season as a member of the Skyline Conference. The Grizzlies were led by third-year head coach Ray Jenkins, played their home games at Dornblaser Field and finished the season with a record of five wins and five losses (5\u20135, 2\u20135 Skyline).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [36, 36], "content_span": [37, 399]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078259-0000-0000", "contents": "1960 Montana State Bobcats football team\nThe 1960 Montana State Bobcats football team was an American football team that represented Montana State College (now known as Montana State University) as an independent during the 1960 NCAA College Division football season. In its third season under head coach Herb Agocs, the team compiled a 5\u20133\u20131 record.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [40, 40], "content_span": [41, 350]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078260-0000-0000", "contents": "1960 Montana gubernatorial election\nThe 1960 Montana gubernatorial election took place on November 8, 1960. Incumbent Governor of Montana J. Hugo Aronson, who was first elected governor in 1952 and was re-elected in 1956, declined to run for re-election. Donald Grant Nutter, a former state senator, narrowly won the Republican primary, and advanced to the general election, where he was opposed by Paul Cannon, the Lieutenant Governor of Montana and the Democratic nominee. Nutter defeated Cannon by a fairly wide margin, winning his one and only term as governor, as he would die just a year into his term.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [35, 35], "content_span": [36, 608]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078261-0000-0000", "contents": "1960 Munich C-131 crash\nOn 17 December 1960, a Convair C-131D Samaritan operated by the United States Air Force on a flight from Munich to RAF Northolt crashed shortly after take-off from Munich-Riem Airport, due to fuel contamination. All 20 passengers and crew on board as well as 32 people on the ground were killed.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [23, 23], "content_span": [24, 319]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078261-0001-0000", "contents": "1960 Munich C-131 crash, Accident\nOn 17 December 1960, the Samaritan was due to fly from Munich-Riem airport in Germany to RAF Northolt in the United Kingdom with 13 passengers and 7 crew. Shortly after takeoff, the aircraft lost power to one of its two Pratt & Whitney R-2800 radial engines. Unable to maintain altitude and with bad visibility due to fog, it hit the 318-foot steeple of St. Paul's Church next to the Oktoberfest site (then vacant) in the Ludwigsvorstadt borough. Subsequently, at 2:10 PM, it crashed into a crowded two-section Munich tramway car on Martin-Greif-Stra\u00dfe, close to Bayerstra\u00dfe.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 33], "content_span": [34, 609]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078261-0002-0000", "contents": "1960 Munich C-131 crash, Accident\nAll 13 passengers and 7 crew members on the plane died. 32 people on the ground were killed and 20 were injured. A section of the wing crashed through the roof of a building at Hermann-Lingg-Stra\u00dfe, a block away from the main accident site, without injuring anybody there. The Free Lance-Star, a daily newspaper for Fredricksburg and its surrounding areas, reported that some passengers on the Convair were holiday-bound University of Maryland students who were dependants of military personnel stationed in England.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 33], "content_span": [34, 550]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078261-0003-0000", "contents": "1960 Munich C-131 crash, Aircraft\nThe accident aircraft, Convair C-131D-CO Samaritan, (c/n 212, company designation: Model 340-79), was a twin piston engined military transport with seating for 44 passengers. Given the military serial number 55-0291, the aircraft was the first United States Air Force C-131 to be based in Europe, at RAF Northolt, where it was under command of the 7500th Air Base Group, 3rd Air Force, U.S. Air Forces in Europe (USAFE).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 33], "content_span": [34, 454]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078261-0004-0000", "contents": "1960 Munich C-131 crash, Investigation\nA crash investigation revealed water in the fuel tank booster pump. Because water is more dense than fuel it can settle to the bottom of the tank, into the pump inlets; when it freezes it blocks inlets and deprives the engine of fuel. This deprivation of fuel caused the Munich C-131 to lose power and eventually shut down the engine.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 38], "content_span": [39, 373]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078261-0005-0000", "contents": "1960 Munich C-131 crash, Aftermath\nAfter the accident, the Munich Fire & Rescue Services ordered new TLF 16 powder trucks to complement their fleet of traditional water tenders.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 34], "content_span": [35, 177]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078261-0006-0000", "contents": "1960 Munich C-131 crash, Aftermath\nMunich had initiated the expansion plans for Munich-Riem Airport in 1954. However, two plane crashes within the Munich city limit in the space of two years, and the New York air disaster that happened a day before, stopped the expansion plans. The city and state governments decided to build a new airport outside the city limit instead. Similar discussions were held in Hamburg about its Fuhlsb\u00fcttel Airport, but the airport was expanded rather than relocated elsewhere, making the airport the oldest continuously operated in Germany to this day.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 34], "content_span": [35, 582]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078262-0000-0000", "contents": "1960 NAIA Men's Basketball Tournament\nThe 1960 NAIA Men's Basketball Tournament was held in March at Municipal Auditorium in Kansas City, Missouri. The 23rd annual NAIA basketball tournament featured 32 teams playing in a single-elimination format.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [37, 37], "content_span": [38, 248]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078262-0001-0000", "contents": "1960 NAIA Men's Basketball Tournament\nThe pivotal game in this year's tournament was in the semifinals round when #4 Westminster College knocked off the three time defending national champions #1 Tennessee State University. This ended the 18 tournament win streak. As of 2017, it is still the tournament's longest win streak. Tennessee State would then play in the 3rd place game where they easily defeated William Jewell College 100-65. (William Jewell's highest finish in the DI tournament, as of 2010).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [37, 37], "content_span": [38, 505]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078262-0002-0000", "contents": "1960 NAIA Men's Basketball Tournament\nWestminster went to the championship game and was defeated by Southwest Texas State 44-66. The Bobcats finish with their first national championship, after being in the NAIA Final Four two previous times, 1952, 1959, both finishing 3rd.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [37, 37], "content_span": [38, 274]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078262-0003-0000", "contents": "1960 NAIA Men's Basketball Tournament, Awards and honors\nMany of the records set by the 1960 tournament have been broken, and many of the awards were established much later:", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [39, 56], "content_span": [57, 173]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078262-0004-0000", "contents": "1960 NAIA Men's Basketball Tournament, 1960 NAIA bracket, 3rd place game\nThe third place game featured the losing teams from the national semifinalist to determine 3rd and 4th places in the tournament. This game was played until 1988.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [39, 72], "content_span": [73, 234]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078263-0000-0000", "contents": "1960 NAIA Soccer Championship\nThe 1960 NAIA Soccer Championship was the second annual tournament held by the NAIA to determine the national champion of men's college soccer among its members in the United States.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [29, 29], "content_span": [30, 212]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078263-0001-0000", "contents": "1960 NAIA Soccer Championship\nElizabethtown and Newark Engineering (now NJIT) played to a 2\u20132 tie (called due to darkness after four overtime periods) and shared the NAIA national title; it was the first championship for either the Blue Jays or the Highlanders. The final was played at Slippery Rock State College in Slippery Rock, Pennsylvania.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [29, 29], "content_span": [30, 345]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078264-0000-0000", "contents": "1960 NAIA football season\nThe 1960 NAIA football season was the fifth season of college football sponsored by the National Association of Intercollegiate Athletics. The season was played from August to December 1960, culminating in the fifth annual NAIA Football National Championship, played this year for the last time at Stewart Field in St. Petersburg, Florida. During its four years in St. Petersburg, the game was called the Holiday Bowl.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [25, 25], "content_span": [26, 444]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078264-0001-0000", "contents": "1960 NAIA football season\nLenoir\u2013Rhyne, who lost the 1959 championship game, defeated Humboldt State in the championship game, 15\u201314, to win their first NAIA national title.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [25, 25], "content_span": [26, 173]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078265-0000-0000", "contents": "1960 NASCAR Grand National Series\nThe 1960 NASCAR Grand National season was the 12th season of professional stock car racing in the United States.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [33, 33], "content_span": [34, 146]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078266-0000-0000", "contents": "1960 NBA All-Star Game\nThe 10th National Basketball Association All-Star Game was played on January 22, 1960, in Philadelphia. The coaches were Red Auerbach for the East, and Ed Macauley for the West.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [22, 22], "content_span": [23, 200]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078267-0000-0000", "contents": "1960 NBA Finals\nThe 1960 NBA World Championship Series was the championship series of the 1960 NBA Playoffs, which concluded the National Basketball Association 1959\u201360 season. The best-of-seven series was played between the Western Conference champion St. Louis Hawks and the Eastern Conference champion  Boston Celtics. It was Boston's fourth trip to the NBA Finals and St. Louis' third. The Celtics beat the Hawks 4\u20133. The Finals featured Hall of Famers Bill Russell, Bob Cousy, Tom Heinsohn, Bill Sharman, Frank Ramsey, Sam Jones, K.C. Jones, Coach Red Auerbach, Bob Pettit, Cliff Hagan, Slater Martin, Clyde Lovellette, and Coach Alex Hannum.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 15], "section_span": [15, 15], "content_span": [16, 647]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078267-0001-0000", "contents": "1960 NBA Finals\nThis was the last time the NBA Finals would be played in March.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 15], "section_span": [15, 15], "content_span": [16, 79]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078268-0000-0000", "contents": "1960 NBA draft\nThe 1960 NBA draft was the 14th annual draft of the National Basketball Association (NBA). The draft was held on April 11, 1960, before the 1960\u201361 season. In this draft, eight NBA teams took turns selecting amateur U.S. college basketball players. A player who had finished his four-year college eligibility was eligible for selection. If a player left college early, he would not be eligible for selection until his college class graduated. In each round, the teams select in reverse order of their win\u2013loss record in the previous season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [14, 14], "content_span": [15, 555]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078268-0000-0001", "contents": "1960 NBA draft\nBefore the draft, a team could forfeit its first-round draft pick and then select any player from within a 50-mile radius of its home arena as their territorial pick. The Minneapolis Lakers participated in the draft, but relocated to Los Angeles and became the Los Angeles Lakers prior to the start of the season. The draft consisted of 21 rounds comprising 100 players selected.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [14, 14], "content_span": [15, 394]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078268-0001-0000", "contents": "1960 NBA draft, Draft selections and draftee career notes\nOscar Robertson from the University of Cincinnati was selected before the draft as Cincinnati Royals' territorial pick. He went on to win the Rookie of the Year Award in his first season. Jerry West from West Virginia University was selected second by the Minneapolis Lakers. Three players from this draft, Robertson, West and 6th pick Lenny Wilkens, have been inducted to the Basketball Hall of Fame. They were also named in the 50 Greatest Players in NBA History list announced at the league's 50th anniversary in 1996.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [16, 57], "content_span": [58, 579]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078268-0002-0000", "contents": "1960 NBA draft, Draft selections and draftee career notes\nRobertson's achievements include an NBA championship with the Milwaukee Bucks in 1971, Most Valuable Player Award in 1964, 11 All-NBA Team selections and 12 All-Star Game selections. West played 14 seasons with the Lakers, winning the NBA championship in 1972. He was also selected to 12 consecutive All-NBA Teams and 14 consecutive All-Star Games. He later coached the Lakers for three seasons. Wilkens' achievements include 9 All-Star Game selections. After his playing career, he became a successful head coach. He won the NBA championship in 1979 with the Seattle SuperSonics and the Coach of the Year Award in 1994.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [16, 57], "content_span": [58, 678]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078268-0002-0001", "contents": "1960 NBA draft, Draft selections and draftee career notes\nHe held the record for most games as a head coach in the NBA, with 2,487 games coached. He was inducted to the Basketball Hall of Fame as a coach in 1998. He became the third man to be inducted as a player and as a coach, after John Wooden and Bill Sharman. Two players from this draft, 3rd pick Darrall Imhoff and 5th pick Lee Shaffer, have also been selected to an All-Star Game. Tom Sanders, the 8th pick, won 8 NBA championships with the Boston Celtics in the 1960s. He later briefly coached the Celtics in 1978. Al Attles, the 39th pick, also had a coaching career. He coached the San Francisco/Golden State Warriors for 14 seasons, winning the NBA championship in 1975.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [16, 57], "content_span": [58, 733]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078268-0003-0000", "contents": "1960 NBA draft, Other picks\nThe following list includes other draft picks who have appeared in at least one NBA game.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [16, 27], "content_span": [28, 117]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078269-0000-0000", "contents": "1960 NBA playoffs\nThe 1960 NBA playoffs was the postseason tournament of the National Basketball Association's 1959-60 season. The tournament concluded with the Eastern Division champion Boston Celtics defeating the Western Division champion St. Louis Hawks 4 games to 3 in the NBA Finals.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [17, 17], "content_span": [18, 289]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078269-0001-0000", "contents": "1960 NBA playoffs\nThis was the second straight and third overall NBA title for Boston, who got revenge for the Hawks' win over them in 1958. The 1960 Finals was the third Celtics\u2013Hawks Finals in the past four years.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [17, 17], "content_span": [18, 215]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078269-0002-0000", "contents": "1960 NBA playoffs, Bracket\n* Division winnerBold Series winnerItalic Team with home-court advantage in NBA Finals", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 26], "content_span": [27, 113]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078269-0003-0000", "contents": "1960 NBA playoffs, Division Semifinals, Eastern Division Semifinals, (2) Philadelphia Warriors vs. (3) Syracuse Nationals\nThis was the seventh playoff meeting between these two teams, with the 76ers/Nationals winning four of the first six meetings.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 121], "content_span": [122, 248]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078269-0004-0000", "contents": "1960 NBA playoffs, Division Semifinals, Western Division Semifinals, (2) Detroit Pistons vs. (3) Minneapolis Lakers\nThis was the seventh playoff meeting between these two teams, with the Lakers winning five of the first six meetings.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 115], "content_span": [116, 233]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078269-0005-0000", "contents": "1960 NBA playoffs, Division Finals, Eastern Division Finals, (1) Boston Celtics vs. (2) Philadelphia Warriors\nThis was the second playoff meeting between these two teams, with the Celtics winning the first meeting.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 109], "content_span": [110, 214]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078269-0006-0000", "contents": "1960 NBA playoffs, Division Finals, Western Division Finals, (1) St. Louis Hawks vs. (3) Minneapolis Lakers\nThis was the fourth playoff meeting between these two teams, with the Hawks winning two of the first three meetings.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 107], "content_span": [108, 224]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078269-0007-0000", "contents": "1960 NBA playoffs, NBA Finals: (E1) Boston Celtics vs. (W1) St. Louis Hawks\nThis was the third playoff meeting between these two teams, with both teams splitting the first two meetings.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 75], "content_span": [76, 185]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078270-0000-0000", "contents": "1960 NC State Wolfpack football team\nThe 1960 NC State Wolfpack football team represented North Carolina State University during the 1960 NCAA University Division football season. The Wolfpack were led by seventh-year head coach Earle Edwards and played their home games at Riddick Stadium in Raleigh, North Carolina. They competed as members of the Atlantic Coast Conference, finishing in second.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [36, 36], "content_span": [37, 397]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078271-0000-0000", "contents": "1960 NCAA College Division Basketball Tournament\nThe 1960 NCAA College Division Basketball Tournament involved 32 schools playing in a single-elimination tournament to determine the national champion of men's NCAA\u00a0College Division\u00a0college basketball as a culmination of the 1959-60 NCAA College Division men's basketball season. It was won by the University of Evansville and Evansville's Ed Smallwood was the Most Outstanding Player.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 48], "section_span": [48, 48], "content_span": [49, 434]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078272-0000-0000", "contents": "1960 NCAA College Division football rankings\nThe 1960 NCAA College Division football rankings are from the United Press International poll of College Division head coaches. The 1960 NCAA College Division football season was the third year UPI published a Coaches Poll in what was termed the \"Small College\" division. 1960 was also the first year for the Associated Press version of the Small College poll. The teams were picked by an AP board of experts, made up of one person in each of the eight NCAA districts. In most cases the season-to-date Win/Loss records for each team were not published in either the AP or UPI polls.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [44, 44], "content_span": [45, 627]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078273-0000-0000", "contents": "1960 NCAA College Division football season\nThe 1960 NCAA College Division football season was the fifth season of college football in the United States organized by the National Collegiate Athletic Association at the NCAA College Division level.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 42], "section_span": [42, 42], "content_span": [43, 245]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078273-0001-0000", "contents": "1960 NCAA College Division football season, Rankings, Small college poll\nIn 1960, both United Press International (UPI) and the Associated Press (AP) conducted \"small college\" polls. This was the first year that the AP (polling a panel of  eight \"selectors\" from NCAA districts) conducted their poll, and the third year that UPI (polling a panel of coaches) conducted their poll. Both wire services named the Ohio Bobcats \u2013 who had a record of 10\u20130, registered five shutouts, and held all their opponents to eight points or less \u2013 as the number one team.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 42], "section_span": [44, 72], "content_span": [73, 554]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078274-0000-0000", "contents": "1960 NCAA Golf Championship\nThe 1960 NCAA Golf Championship was the 22nd annual NCAA-sanctioned golf tournament to determine the individual and team national champions of men's collegiate golf in the United States.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [27, 27], "content_span": [28, 214]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078274-0001-0000", "contents": "1960 NCAA Golf Championship\nThe tournament was held at The Broadmoor in Colorado Springs, Colorado.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [27, 27], "content_span": [28, 99]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078274-0002-0000", "contents": "1960 NCAA Golf Championship\nFour-time defending champions Houston won the team title, the Cougars' fifth NCAA team national title.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [27, 27], "content_span": [28, 130]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078275-0000-0000", "contents": "1960 NCAA Men's Basketball All-Americans\nThe consensus 1960 College Basketball All-American team, as determined by aggregating the results of six major All-American teams. To earn \"consensus\" status, a player must win honors from a majority of the following teams: the Associated Press, the USBWA, The United Press International, the National Association of Basketball Coaches, the Newspaper Enterprise Association (NEA), and The Sporting News.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [40, 40], "content_span": [41, 444]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078276-0000-0000", "contents": "1960 NCAA Men's Ice Hockey Tournament\nThe 1960 NCAA Men's Ice Hockey Tournament was the culmination of the 1959\u201360 NCAA men's ice hockey season, the 13th such tournament in NCAA history. It was held between March 17 and 19, 1960, and concluded with Denver defeating Michigan Tech 5-3. All games were played at the Boston Arena in Boston, Massachusetts.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [37, 37], "content_span": [38, 352]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078276-0001-0000", "contents": "1960 NCAA Men's Ice Hockey Tournament\nThis was the last tournament to include an independent school until 1988.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [37, 37], "content_span": [38, 111]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078276-0002-0000", "contents": "1960 NCAA Men's Ice Hockey Tournament, Qualifying teams\nFour teams qualified for the tournament, two each from the eastern and western regions. The WCHA tournament co-champions received automatic bids into the tournament. The two at-large bids that were available to eastern teams were conferred to the winners of two separate playoff games between the four teams judged to be the best at the conclusion of the regular season. The games were played at the home venue of the higher seed. Neither of these games are considered to be part of the NCAA tournament but are included here for continuity.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [39, 55], "content_span": [56, 596]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078276-0003-0000", "contents": "1960 NCAA Men's Ice Hockey Tournament, Format\nThe higher-ranked eastern team was seeded as the top eastern team while the WCHA champion with the better conference record was given the top western seed. The second eastern seed was slotted to play the top western seed and vice versa. All games were played at the Boston Arena. All matches were Single-game eliminations with the semifinal winners advancing to the national championship game and the losers playing in a consolation game.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [39, 45], "content_span": [46, 484]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078277-0000-0000", "contents": "1960 NCAA Skiing Championships\nThe 1960 NCAA Skiing Championships were contested at Bridger Bowl near Bozeman, Montana, at the seventh annual NCAA-sanctioned ski tournament to determine the individual and team national champions of men's collegiate alpine, cross country skiing, and ski jumping in the United States. Montana State College served as the hosts.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [30, 30], "content_span": [31, 359]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078277-0001-0000", "contents": "1960 NCAA Skiing Championships\nColorado, coached by Bob Beattie, repeated as national champions, again edging out rival Denver in the team standings. This was the second title for the Buffaloes.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [30, 30], "content_span": [31, 194]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078277-0002-0000", "contents": "1960 NCAA Skiing Championships\nThere were no repeat individual champions this year, but downhill winner Dave Butts of Colorado won his third title; the McCall, Idaho native took the jumping and Skimeister honors the previous year.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [30, 30], "content_span": [31, 230]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078277-0003-0000", "contents": "1960 NCAA Skiing Championships, Venue\nThis year's championships were held March 24\u201326 in Montana at Bridger Bowl, north of Bozeman. Montana State College, located in Bozeman, served as hosts.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 37], "content_span": [38, 191]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078277-0004-0000", "contents": "1960 NCAA Skiing Championships, Venue\nThe seventh edition of the championships, these were the first in Montana.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 37], "content_span": [38, 112]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078278-0000-0000", "contents": "1960 NCAA Soccer Tournament\nThe 1960 NCAA Soccer Tournament was the second annual  college soccer tournament organized by the NCAA to determine the top college soccer team in the United States. The tournament final was played on November 26, 1960 in Brooklyn, New York.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [27, 27], "content_span": [28, 269]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078278-0001-0000", "contents": "1960 NCAA Soccer Tournament\nSaint Louis won their second consecutive title, defeating Maryland in the final, 3\u20132.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [27, 27], "content_span": [28, 113]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078279-0000-0000", "contents": "1960 NCAA Swimming and Diving Championships\nThe 1960 NCAA Swimming and Diving Championships were contested in March 1960 at Perkins Natatorium at Southern Methodist University in University Park, Texas at the 24th annual officially NCAA-sanctioned swim meet to determine the team and individual national champions of men's collegiate swimming and diving in the United States. Including the championships held before NCAA sponsorship in 1937, this was the 37th overall American collegiate championship.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 43], "section_span": [43, 43], "content_span": [44, 501]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078279-0001-0000", "contents": "1960 NCAA Swimming and Diving Championships\nUSC claimed its first national title after finishing fourteen points ahead of three-time defending champions Michigan in the team standings.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 43], "section_span": [43, 43], "content_span": [44, 184]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078280-0000-0000", "contents": "1960 NCAA Tennis Championships\nThe 1960 NCAA Tennis Championships were the 15th annual NCAA-sponsored tournaments to determine the national champions of men's singles, doubles, and team collegiate tennis in the United States.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [30, 30], "content_span": [31, 225]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078280-0001-0000", "contents": "1960 NCAA Tennis Championships\nUCLA captured the team championship, the Bruins' sixth such title. UCLA finished eight points ahead of rivals USC in the final team standings (18\u20138). Either UCLA or USC would ultimately win the men's team title during each of the subsequent twelve seasons (1960-1971).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [30, 30], "content_span": [31, 299]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078280-0002-0000", "contents": "1960 NCAA Tennis Championships, Host site\nThis year's tournaments were contested at the University of Washington in Seattle, Washington.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 41], "content_span": [42, 136]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078280-0003-0000", "contents": "1960 NCAA Tennis Championships, Team scoring\nUntil 1977, the men's team championship was determined by points awarded based on individual performances in the singles and doubles events.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 44], "content_span": [45, 185]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078281-0000-0000", "contents": "1960 NCAA Track and Field Championships\nThe 1960 NCAA Track and Field Championships were held in Berkeley, California in June 1960. The University of Kansas won the team title for the second consecutive year. Ten NCAA meet records were broken, and one was tied.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [39, 39], "content_span": [40, 261]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078281-0001-0000", "contents": "1960 NCAA Track and Field Championships, Team scoring\n1. Kansas - 502. University of Southern California - 373. UCLA - 314. Oregon - 224. Oregon State \u2013 226. Boston University \u2013 206. Houston \u2013 206. San Jose State \u2013 209. Illinois \u2013 1810. Arizona \u2013 1610. Grambling - 16", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 53], "content_span": [54, 267]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078281-0002-0000", "contents": "1960 NCAA Track and Field Championships, Track events\n100-meter dash1. Charlie Tidwell, Kansas \u2013 10.2 (ties NCAA meet record)2. Paul Winder, Morgan State \u2013 10.33. Larry Dunn, Arizona \u2013 10.6", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 53], "content_span": [54, 189]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078281-0003-0000", "contents": "1960 NCAA Track and Field Championships, Track events\n110-meter high hurdles1. Jim Johnson, UCLA \u2013 14.02. Dave Odegard, Minnesota \u2013 14.03.Dave Edstrom, Oregon \u2013 14.2", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 53], "content_span": [54, 165]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078281-0004-0000", "contents": "1960 NCAA Track and Field Championships, Track events\n200-meter dash1. Charlie Tidwell, Kansas \u2013 20.82. Stone Johnson, Grambling \u2013 21.13. Paul Winder, Morgan State \u2013 21.2", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 53], "content_span": [54, 170]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078281-0005-0000", "contents": "1960 NCAA Track and Field Championships, Track events\n400-meter dash1. Ted Woods, Colorado \u2013 45.7 (new NCAA meet record)2. Vic Hall, Cal Poly \u2013 46.13. Walt Johnson, North Carolina College \u2013 46.3", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 53], "content_span": [54, 194]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078281-0006-0000", "contents": "1960 NCAA Track and Field Championships, Track events\n400-meter hurdles1. Cliff Cushman, Kansas \u2013 50.82. Ron Ablowich, Georgia Tech \u2013 51.73. Ray Wilson, Texas \u2013 52.2", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 53], "content_span": [54, 165]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078281-0007-0000", "contents": "1960 NCAA Track and Field Championships, Track events\n800-meter run1. George Kerr, Illinois \u2013 1:46.1 (new NCAA meet record)2. Jerry Siebert, California \u2013 1:46.93. Ernie Cunliffe, Stanford \u2013 1:47.6", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 53], "content_span": [54, 196]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078281-0008-0000", "contents": "1960 NCAA Track and Field Championships, Track events\n1,500-meter run1. Dyrol Burleson, Oregon \u2013 3:44.2 (new NCAA meet record)2. Bob Holland, UCLA \u2013 3:47.53. Mildford Dahl, UCLA \u2013 3:47.9", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 53], "content_span": [54, 186]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078281-0009-0000", "contents": "1960 NCAA Track and Field Championships, Track events\n3,000-meter steeplechase1. Charlie Clark, San Jose State \u2013 9:02.12. Steve Moorehead, Penn State \u2013 9:16.63. Mauri Jorinakka, Eastern Michigan \u2013 9:18.7", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 53], "content_span": [54, 203]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078281-0010-0000", "contents": "1960 NCAA Track and Field Championships, Track events\n5,000-meter run1. Al Lawrence, Houston \u2013 14:19.8 (new NCAA meet record)2. Pat Clohessy, Houston \u2013 (no time)3. Ken Brown, Illinois \u2013 14:43.0", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 53], "content_span": [54, 193]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078281-0011-0000", "contents": "1960 NCAA Track and Field Championships, Field events\nBroad jump1. Ralph Boston, Tennessee A&I \u2013 25 feet, 5\u00be inches2. Henk Visser, Univ. Calif., Santa Barbara \u2013 25 feet, 5\u00bd inches3. Darrell Horn, Oregon \u2013 25 feet", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 53], "content_span": [54, 212]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078281-0012-0000", "contents": "1960 NCAA Track and Field Championships, Field events\nHigh jump1. John Thomas, Boston University \u2013 7 feet (new NCAA meet record)2. Charles Lewis, Grambling \u2013 6 feet, 9\u00a0inches3. Charles Dumas, Univ. South. Calif. \u2013 6 feet, 8\u00a0inches3. Errol Williams, San Jose State \u2013 6 feet, 8\u00a0inches", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 53], "content_span": [54, 282]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078281-0013-0000", "contents": "1960 NCAA Track and Field Championships, Field events\nPole vault1. J.D. Martin, Oklahoma \u2013 14 feet, 9\u00a0inches2. Aubrey Dooley, Oklahoma State \u2013 14 feet, 6\u00a0inches2. Dick Kimmel, San Jose State \u2013 14 feet, 6\u00a0inches2. Wayne Wilson, Washington State \u2013 14 feet, 6\u00a0inches 2. Henry Wadsworth, Florida \u2013 14 feet, 6\u00a0inches2. Jim Brewer, Univ. South. Calif. \u2013 14 feet, 6\u00a0inches2. Dexter Elkins, SMU \u2013 14 feet, 6\u00a0inches2. Dave Clark, North Texas State \u2013 14 feet, 6\u00a0inches", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 53], "content_span": [54, 458]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078281-0014-0000", "contents": "1960 NCAA Track and Field Championships, Field events\nDiscus throw1. Dick Cochran, Missouri \u2013 188 feet, 3\u00bd inches2. Jim Wade, Univ. South. Calif. \u2013 176 feet, 3\u00bd inches3. Jim Burke, Arizona \u2013 172 feet, 2\u00a0inches", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 53], "content_span": [54, 209]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078281-0015-0000", "contents": "1960 NCAA Track and Field Championships, Field events\nJavelin1. Bill Alley, Kansas \u2013 268 feet, 9\u00a0inches (new NCAA meet record)2. Gary Stenlund, Oregon State \u2013 246 feet, 3\u00a0inches3. Terry Beucher, Kansas \u2013 245 feet, 7\u00a0inches", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 53], "content_span": [54, 222]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078281-0016-0000", "contents": "1960 NCAA Track and Field Championships, Field events\nShot put1. Dallas Long, Univ. of Southern Calif. \u2013 61 feet, 9\u00a0inches (new NCAA meet record)2. Jerry Winter, Stanford \u2013 57 feet, 10\u00be inches3. Mike Lewis, Occidental College \u2013 57 feet, 6\u00bd inches", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 53], "content_span": [54, 246]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078281-0017-0000", "contents": "1960 NCAA Track and Field Championships, Field events\nHammer throw1. John Lawlor, Boston University \u2013 209 feet, 2\u00a0inches (new NCAA meet record)2. Stan Doten, Harvard \u2013 197 feet, 8\u00bd inches3. Dave Cross, Yale \u2013 185 feet, 7\u00a0inches", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 53], "content_span": [54, 227]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078281-0018-0000", "contents": "1960 NCAA Track and Field Championships, Field events\nHop, step and jump1. Luther Hayes, Univ. South. Calif. \u2013 50 feet, 11\u00bd inches2. Darrell Horn, Oregon State \u2013 48 feet, 7\u00bd inches3. John Kelly, Stanford \u2013 48 feet, 5\u00bc inches", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 53], "content_span": [54, 224]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078282-0000-0000", "contents": "1960 NCAA University Division Baseball Tournament\nThe 1960 NCAA University Division Baseball Tournament was played at the end of the 1960 NCAA University Division baseball season to determine the national champion of college baseball. The tournament concluded with eight teams competing in the College World Series, a double-elimination tournament in its fourteenth year. Eight regional districts sent representatives to the College World Series with preliminary rounds within each district serving to determine each representative. These events would later become known as regionals.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 49], "section_span": [49, 49], "content_span": [50, 584]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078282-0000-0001", "contents": "1960 NCAA University Division Baseball Tournament\nEach district had its own format for selecting teams, resulting in 26 teams participating in the tournament at the conclusion of their regular season, and in some cases, after a conference tournament. The College World Series was held in Omaha, NE from June 10 to June 20. The fourteenth tournament's champion was Minnesota, coached by Dick Siebert. The Most Outstanding Player was John Erickson of Minnesota.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 49], "section_span": [49, 49], "content_span": [50, 459]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078282-0001-0000", "contents": "1960 NCAA University Division Baseball Tournament, Tournament\nThe official NCAA record book does not list any participants for District 5 as Oklahoma State was an automatic qualifier for the 1960 College World Series.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 49], "section_span": [51, 61], "content_span": [62, 217]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078282-0002-0000", "contents": "1960 NCAA University Division Baseball Tournament, College World Series, Tournament Notes\nJim Wixson throws the second no-hitter in College World Series history.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 49], "section_span": [51, 89], "content_span": [90, 161]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078283-0000-0000", "contents": "1960 NCAA University Division Basketball Tournament\nThe 1960 NCAA University Division Basketball Tournament involved 25 schools playing in single-elimination play to determine the national champion of men's  NCAA Division I college basketball in the United States. It began on March 7, 1960, and ended with the championship game on March 19 in Daly City, California (immediately south of San Francisco). A total of 29 games were played, including a third place game in each region and a national third place game.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 51], "section_span": [51, 51], "content_span": [52, 513]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078283-0001-0000", "contents": "1960 NCAA University Division Basketball Tournament\nOhio State, coached by Fred Taylor, won the national title with a 75\u201355 victory in the final game over California, coached by Pete Newell. Jerry Lucas of Ohio State was named the tournament's Most Outstanding Player.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 51], "section_span": [51, 51], "content_span": [52, 268]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078283-0002-0000", "contents": "1960 NCAA University Division Basketball Tournament, Locations\nFor the first and only time, the Cow Palace was the host venue, and the city of San Francisco the host city, of the Final Four, making them the 8th and 7th respectively. San Francisco was the first host city to only host the Final Four once, something 12 of the 30 host cities have done. The tournament featured two new venues. Chicago became a host city for the third straight year, but with its fourth venue in twenty-one years, Alumni Hall on the campus of DePaul University.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 51], "section_span": [53, 62], "content_span": [63, 541]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078283-0002-0001", "contents": "1960 NCAA University Division Basketball Tournament, Locations\nAnd the state of Utah became a host for the first time, when the George Albert Smith Fieldhouse on the campus of Brigham Young University hosted games in the West regional quarterfinals. The 1960 tournament would be the only time for Alumni Hall to host games, and the last for the Cow Palace; it would be thirty years before the tournament would return to the Bay Area, and, if the schedule holds, the city of San Francisco will host games again in 2022\u2013at the Chase Center.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 51], "section_span": [53, 62], "content_span": [63, 538]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078284-0000-0000", "contents": "1960 NCAA University Division Cross Country Championships\nThe 1960 NCAA University Divisions Cross Country Championships were the 22nd annual cross country meet to determine the team and individual national champions of men's collegiate cross country running in the United States. Held on November 21, 1960, the meet was hosted by Michigan State University at the Forest Akers East Golf Course in East Lansing, Michigan. The distance for the race was 4 miles (6.4 kilometers).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 57], "section_span": [57, 57], "content_span": [58, 476]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078284-0001-0000", "contents": "1960 NCAA University Division Cross Country Championships\nAll NCAA University Division members were eligible to qualify for the meet. In total, 12 teams and 99 individual runners contested this championship.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 57], "section_span": [57, 57], "content_span": [58, 207]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078284-0002-0000", "contents": "1960 NCAA University Division Cross Country Championships\nThe team national championship was won by the Houston Cougars, their first. The individual championship was retained by Al Lawrence, also from Houston, with a time of 19:28.44.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 57], "section_span": [57, 57], "content_span": [58, 234]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078285-0000-0000", "contents": "1960 NCAA University Division baseball rankings\nThe following poll makes up the 1960 NCAA University Division baseball rankings. Collegiate Baseball Newspaper published its first human poll of the top 20 teams in college baseball in 1957.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 47], "section_span": [47, 47], "content_span": [48, 238]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078285-0001-0000", "contents": "1960 NCAA University Division baseball rankings, Collegiate Baseball\nCurrently, only the final poll from the 1960 season is available.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 47], "section_span": [49, 68], "content_span": [69, 134]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078286-0000-0000", "contents": "1960 NCAA University Division baseball season\nThe 1960 NCAA University Division baseball season, play of college baseball in the United States organized by the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) began in the spring of 1960. The season progressed through the regular season and concluded with the 1960 College World Series. The College World Series, held for the fourteenth time in 1960, consisted of one team from each of eight geographical districts and was held in Omaha, Nebraska at Johnny Rosenblatt Stadium as a double-elimination tournament. Minnesota claimed the championship.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 45], "section_span": [45, 45], "content_span": [46, 596]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078286-0001-0000", "contents": "1960 NCAA University Division baseball season, Conference winners\nThis is a partial list of conference champions from the 1960 season. Each of the eight geographical districts chose, by various methods, the team that would represent them in the NCAA Tournament. 10 teams earned automatic bids by winning their conference championship while 16 teams earned at-large selections.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 45], "section_span": [47, 65], "content_span": [66, 376]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078286-0002-0000", "contents": "1960 NCAA University Division baseball season, College World Series\nThe 1960 season marked the fourteenth NCAA Baseball Tournament, which culminated with the eight team College World Series. The College World Series was held in Omaha, Nebraska. The eight teams played a double-elimination format, with Minnesota claiming their second championship with a 2\u20131 win over Southern California in the final.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 45], "section_span": [47, 67], "content_span": [68, 400]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078286-0003-0000", "contents": "1960 NCAA University Division baseball season, College World Series\n* - Indicates game required 13 innings. \u2020 - Indicates game required 10 innings. \u2021 - Indicates game required 11 innings.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 45], "section_span": [47, 67], "content_span": [68, 187]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078287-0000-0000", "contents": "1960 NCAA University Division football rankings\nTwo human polls comprised the 1960 NCAA University Division football rankings. Unlike most sports, college football's governing body, the NCAA, does not bestow a national championship, instead that title is bestowed by one or more different polling agencies. There are two main weekly polls that begin in the preseason\u2014the AP Poll and the Coaches' Poll.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 47], "section_span": [47, 47], "content_span": [48, 401]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078287-0001-0000", "contents": "1960 NCAA University Division football rankings, AP Poll\nThe final AP Poll was released on November 29, at the end of the 1960 regular season, over a month before the major bowls.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 47], "section_span": [49, 56], "content_span": [57, 179]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078287-0002-0000", "contents": "1960 NCAA University Division football rankings, Final Coaches' poll\nThe final UPI Coaches Poll was released prior to the bowl games, on November 29. Minnesota received 21 of the 35 first-place votes; Mississippi received nine and Iowa five.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 47], "section_span": [49, 68], "content_span": [69, 241]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078288-0000-0000", "contents": "1960 NCAA University Division football season\nThe 1960 NCAA University Division football season marked the last time that the University of Minnesota was a national champion on the gridiron. Murray Warmath's Minnesota Gophers were not in the Top 20 in preseason polling, but received the AP Trophy at the end of the regular season while Ole Miss received the FWAA trophy.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 45], "section_span": [45, 45], "content_span": [46, 371]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078288-0001-0000", "contents": "1960 NCAA University Division football season\nDuring the 20th century, the NCAA had no playoff for the major college football teams in the University Division, later known as Division I-A. The NCAA did recognize a national champion based upon the final results of \"wire service\" (AP and UPI) polls. The extent of that recognition came in the form of acknowledgment in the annual NCAA Football Guide of the \"unofficial\" national champions. The AP poll in 1960 consisted of the votes of 48 sportswriters; the year before, more than 200 voters had split first place votes between Syracuse, Mississippi, LSU, Texas, Georgia, Wisconsin and Alabama.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 45], "section_span": [45, 45], "content_span": [46, 643]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078288-0001-0001", "contents": "1960 NCAA University Division football season\nThe Associated Press relied thereafter on a \"special panel representing all sections of the country\". Though not all the panelists voted in every poll, each would give their opinion of the twenty best teams. Under a point system of 20 points for first place, 19 for second, etc., the \"overall\" ranking was determined. Although the rankings were based on the collective opinion of the representative sportswriters, the teams that remained \"unbeaten and untied\" were generally ranked higher than those that had not. A defeat, even against a strong opponent, tended to cause a team to drop in the rankings, and a team with two or more defeats was unlikely to remain in the Top 20.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 45], "section_span": [45, 45], "content_span": [46, 723]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078288-0002-0000", "contents": "1960 NCAA University Division football season\nThe top teams played in the four major postseason bowl games: the Rose (near Los Angeles at Pasadena), Sugar (New Orleans), Orange (Miami) and Cotton (Dallas). These bowls were contested on January 2, as New Year's Day fell on a Sunday.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 45], "section_span": [45, 45], "content_span": [46, 282]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078288-0003-0000", "contents": "1960 NCAA University Division football season, September\nIn the preseason poll released on September 12, the defending champion Syracuse Orangemen and 1959's second-place finisher, the Mississippi Rebels were No. 1 and No. 2, with 26 and 21 first place votes respectively. They were followed by the No. 3 Washington Huskies from Seattle, the No. 4 Texas Longhorns and the No. 5 Illinois Fighting Illini. As the regular season progressed, a new poll would be issued on the Monday following the weekend's games.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 45], "section_span": [47, 56], "content_span": [57, 509]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078288-0004-0000", "contents": "1960 NCAA University Division football season, September\nThe Big Ten schools would not kick off until September 24. On September 17, No. 2 Mississippi beat the Houston Cougars in Houston, 42\u20130. No. 3 Washington crushed the visiting College of the Pacific, 55\u20136 (the school became the University of the Pacific in 1961). No. 4 Texas opened its season with a loss at home to Nebraska, falling 14\u201313.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 45], "section_span": [47, 56], "content_span": [57, 397]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078288-0005-0000", "contents": "1960 NCAA University Division football season, September\nOle Miss was voted No. 1, followed by Syracuse, Washington, Illinois, and previously unranked Alabama, which had beaten No. 13 Georgia 21\u20136 in Birmingham.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 45], "section_span": [47, 56], "content_span": [57, 211]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078288-0006-0000", "contents": "1960 NCAA University Division football season, September\nSeptember 24 No. 1 Mississippi beat Kentucky in Memphis, 21\u20136. No. 2 Syracuse opened its season with a 55\u20137 win over Boston University. No. 3 Washington won at home again, beating the University of Idaho Vandals 41\u201312. No. 4 Illinois beat Indiana 17\u20136. In Lincoln, Minnesota beat No. 12 Nebraska 26\u201314. No. 5 Alabama was tied 6\u20136 by Tulane in New Orleans.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 45], "section_span": [47, 56], "content_span": [57, 412]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078288-0007-0000", "contents": "1960 NCAA University Division football season, September\nThe poll remained 1. Mississippi, 2. Syracuse, 3. Washington, 4. Illinois, but 5. Kansas, which had crushed Kansas State 41\u20130 on the road, rose from 7th to 5th. Minnesota entered the poll at the No. 18 spot.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 45], "section_span": [47, 56], "content_span": [57, 264]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078288-0008-0000", "contents": "1960 NCAA University Division football season, October\nOctober 1 No. 1 Mississippi played its second straight game in Memphis, Tennessee, beating Memphis State 31\u201320. No. 2 Syracuse defeated No. 5 Kansas in Lawrence, Kansas, 14\u20137, to reclaim the top spot. No. 3 Washington narrowly lost 15\u201314 at home to the No. 17 Navy Midshipmen. No. 4 Illinois beat West Virginia 33\u20130. No. 18 Minnesota beat Indiana 42\u20130. In the following poll, Syracuse and Ole Miss were No. 1 and No. 2, followed at 3, 4 and 5 by Big Ten teams Iowa, Illinois and Ohio State. Purdue was 7th, Michigan State 13th, and Minnesota 14th. Iowa had beaten Northwestern 42\u20130 on the road, while Ohio State had shut out visiting USC.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 45], "section_span": [47, 54], "content_span": [55, 693]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078288-0009-0000", "contents": "1960 NCAA University Division football season, October\nOctober 8No. 1 Syracuse struggled to beat Holy Cross 15\u20136 in Worcestor, Mass. No. 2 Mississippi won in their third consecutive trip to Tennessee, beating Vanderbilt 26\u20130 in Nashville. No. 3 Iowa beat No. 13 Michigan State in East Lansing, 27\u201315. No. 4 Illinois lost in Champaign, Ill., to No. 5 Ohio State, 34\u20137. No. 6 Navy, which had beaten SMU 26\u20137 at a game in the naval port of Norfolk, Virginia, came in at fifth. No . 14 Minnesota beat Northwestern 7\u20130. The next poll was: 1.Mississippi 2.Iowa 3.Ohio State 4.Syracuse 5.Navy. Minnesota reached the Top Ten at No. 10", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 45], "section_span": [47, 54], "content_span": [55, 626]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078288-0010-0000", "contents": "1960 NCAA University Division football season, October\nOn October 15, No. 1 Mississippi beat Tulane in New Orleans 26\u201313, and No. 2 Iowa beat No. 12 Wisconsin at home, 28\u201321. No. 3 Ohio State lost a close one at Purdue 24\u201321. No. 4 Syracuse beat No. 20 Penn State 21\u201315,  and  No. 5 Navy beat the Air Force Academy 35\u20133 in Baltimore. No. 10 Minnesota beat Illinois 21\u201310. The Iowa Hawkeyes narrowly topped the next poll, with 23 first place votes to 22 for Ole Miss, and only two points to separate No. 1 and No. 2 (442\u2013440)   They were followed by 3.Syracuse 4.Navy and newcomer 5.Missouri, which was 5\u20130 after a 45\u20130 win over Kansas State at Manhattan, KS. Minnesota rose from 10th to 6th.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 45], "section_span": [47, 54], "content_span": [55, 691]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078288-0011-0000", "contents": "1960 NCAA University Division football season, October\nOctober 22 No. 1 Iowa beat No. 10 Purdue 21\u201314 and No. 2 Mississippi edged No. 14 Arkansas 10\u20137 in Little Rock. No. 3 Syracuse won at West Virginia 45\u20130, while No. 4 Navy beat the Ivy League's Pennsylvania in Philadelphia, 27\u20130. No. 5 Missouri, which had held its opponents to single digits, continued winning with a 34\u20138 thrashing of Iowa State. In Ann Arbor, Michigan, No. 6 Minnesota beat Michigan 10\u20130. Iowa tightened its hold on No. 1 in the next poll, with 34 of the 48 votes for first place. The next week's Top 20 had only nineteen teams, with Kansas at No. 19 with 2 points. The top five remained the same with 1.Iowa 2.Mississippi 3.Syracuse 4.Navy and 5.Missouri.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 45], "section_span": [47, 54], "content_span": [55, 729]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078288-0012-0000", "contents": "1960 NCAA University Division football season, October\nOctober 29 No. 1 Iowa beat No. 19 Kansas 21\u20137. No. 2 Mississippi played its 7th game of the season, but its first at home in Oxford, and was tied 6\u20136 by the LSU Tigers. No. 3 Syracuse lost to Pitt 10\u20130. In Philadelphia, No. 4 Navy beat Notre Dame 14\u20137. No. 5 Missouri crushed Nebraska in Lincoln, 28\u20130, to go 7\u20130\u20130. At this time, they had outscored their opponents 210\u201331. No. 6 Minnesota beat Kansas State 48\u20137.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 45], "section_span": [47, 54], "content_span": [55, 467]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078288-0013-0000", "contents": "1960 NCAA University Division football season, October\nIowa stayed No. 1, Missouri rose to No. 2 . No. 6 Minnesota rose to No. 3 after posting its sixth win, a 48\u20137 routing of Kansas State, and  Ohio State returned to the top five at No. 5 after beating Michigan State in East Lansing, 21\u201310. With three Big Ten teams, the top five was 1.Iowa 2.Missouri 3.Minnesota 4.Navy and 5.Ohio State.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 45], "section_span": [47, 54], "content_span": [55, 390]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078288-0014-0000", "contents": "1960 NCAA University Division football season, November\nNovember 5  The battle between the Big Ten's two 6\u20130\u20130 teams, No. 1 against No. 3, took place in Minneapolis, where No. 1 Iowa lost to No. 3 Minnesota, 27\u201310. No. 4 Navy lost in Durham, North Carolina, to No. 13 Duke 19\u201310No. 2 Missouri beat No. 18 Colorado at home 16\u20136. No. 5 Ohio State handled Indiana 36\u20137. Having dethroned the No. 1 team, the Minnesota Gophers took the top spot in the poll released on November 7, 1960, with 40 of the 47 voters voting them as No. 1. Mississippi, still unbeaten, returned to the Top Five after a 45\u20130 win over Tennessee-Chattanooga. The top five was 1.Minnesota 2.Missouri 3.Ohio State 4.Mississippi and 5.Iowa.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 45], "section_span": [47, 55], "content_span": [56, 706]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078288-0015-0000", "contents": "1960 NCAA University Division football season, November\nNovember 12No. 1 Minnesota lost to Purdue, 23\u201314. No. 2 Missouri gave up more than a touchdown for the first time, but still won 41\u201319 at Oklahoma. No. 3 Ohio State lost at No. 5 Iowa, 35\u201312. No. 4 Mississippi, following its win against UT-Chattanooga, beat the parent No. 14 University of Tennessee in Knoxville, 24\u20133. Washington, which had beaten California 27\u20137, returned to the Top Five. The Missouri Tigers captured No. 1 in the next poll, which was 1.Missouri 2.Iowa 3.Mississippi 4.Minnesota and 5. Washington", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 45], "section_span": [47, 55], "content_span": [56, 572]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078288-0016-0000", "contents": "1960 NCAA University Division football season, November\nNovember 19 Unbeaten No. 1 Missouri, with only a home game left between it and the national championship, lost to visiting Kansas, 23\u20137, but the game was later forfeited to Missouri. No. 2 Iowa defeated Notre Dame in South Bend, 28\u20130. No. 3 Mississippi finished its season unbeaten (9\u20130\u20131) with a 35\u20139 win at home over Mississippi State. No. 4 Minnesota closed its season with a 26\u20137 win at Wisconsin. No. 5 Washington played its season ender against 4\u20134\u20131 Washington State in Spokane, winning only by a 2\u2013point conversion, 8\u20137. In the penultimate poll, released November 21, Minnesota, Iowa and Mississippi had 13\u00bd, 17\u00bd and 13 first place votes respectively (voters were allowed to split their choices for No. 1), and Minnesota was again No. 1. The following Saturday,", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 45], "section_span": [47, 55], "content_span": [56, 825]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078288-0017-0000", "contents": "1960 NCAA University Division football season, November\nNovember 26No. 3 Mississippi finished its season unbeaten (9\u20130\u20131) with a 35\u20139 win at home over Mississippi State.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 45], "section_span": [47, 55], "content_span": [56, 169]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078288-0018-0000", "contents": "1960 NCAA University Division football season, November\nWith both the AP and UPI finishing their voting before the bowl games, the championship was determined in December. The AP writers divided among Minnesota (8\u20131), Mississippi (9\u20130\u20131) and Iowa (8\u20131), and some voters split their choices. As such, the Minnesota Gophers received 17\u00bd votes for No. 1, Mississippi got 16, and Iowa 12\u00bd. Minnesota had 433\u00bd poll points, ahead of 411 for Ole Miss and 407\u00bd for Iowa. Minnesota was also the No. 1 choice in the UPI coaches poll.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 45], "section_span": [47, 55], "content_span": [56, 523]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078288-0019-0000", "contents": "1960 NCAA University Division football season, November\nBecause the final Associated Press and United Press International polls were conducted after the final game of the regular season, Minnesota is the AP and UPI national champion for 1960. It's of note that the MAC Ohio Bobcats were also crowned the world small college football  champions in 1960, after an undefeated season. The postseason poll conducted by the Helms Athletic Foundation recognizes Washington as national champions, while the Football Writers Association of America crowned Mississippi as national champion. Had the polls been taken after the bowl games, the Missouri Tigers would likely also have been a contender for the national championship, as they beat Navy in the Orange Bowl and possessed an unbeaten and untied record (11\u20130) after their forfeit victory over Kansas.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 45], "section_span": [47, 55], "content_span": [56, 847]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078288-0020-0000", "contents": "1960 NCAA University Division football season, Bowl games\nBecause the final polls came out in November, the outcome of the post-season bowl games had no effect on the championship. As winner of the Big Ten title, No. 1 Minnesota went to the Rose Bowl to face Washington, which had the best record of the five teams in the AAWU (today's Pac-12). No. 2 Mississippi, as winner of the SEC, was invited to the Sugar Bowl to face unranked Rice University. The Big Ten did not allow its teams to play in a postseason game other than the Rose Bowl, so No. 3 Iowa stayed home. Although Washington upset Minnesota 17\u20137 in Pasadena, the post-season loss did not affect the Gophers' championship as determined by the AP and UPI.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 45], "section_span": [47, 57], "content_span": [58, 716]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078289-0000-0000", "contents": "1960 NFL Championship Game\nThe 1960 National Football League Championship Game was the 28th NFL title game. The game was played on Monday, December 26, at Franklin Field in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [26, 26], "content_span": [27, 200]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078289-0001-0000", "contents": "1960 NFL Championship Game\nIn addition to the landmark 1958 championship game, in which the Baltimore Colts defeated the New York Giants in sudden death overtime, the 1960 game has also been called a key event in football history. The game marked the lone playoff defeat for Packers coach Vince Lombardi before his Packers team established a dynasty that won five NFL championships, as well as the first two Super Bowls, in a span of seven seasons. The victory was the third NFL title for the Philadelphia Eagles, and their final championship until the team won Super Bowl LII in February 2018, ending a 57-year championship drought.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [26, 26], "content_span": [27, 633]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078289-0002-0000", "contents": "1960 NFL Championship Game\nThe American Football League was in its first season and held its inaugural title game less than a week later. First-year NFL Commissioner Pete Rozelle convinced owners to move the league's headquarters from Philadelphia to New York City, and with Congressional passage of the Sports Broadcasting Act of 1961 received an antitrust exemption that allowed the league to negotiate a common broadcasting network representing all of its teams, helping cement football's ascendancy as a national sport.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [26, 26], "content_span": [27, 523]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078289-0003-0000", "contents": "1960 NFL Championship Game\nThis was the second and last NFL championship game played in Philadelphia, and the only one at Franklin Field. A dozen years earlier, the 1948 title game was held in the snow at Shibe Park and was also an Eagles' victory.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [26, 26], "content_span": [27, 248]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078289-0004-0000", "contents": "1960 NFL Championship Game\nTicket prices for the game were ten and eight dollars. This is the only year from 1958 to 1963 that did not include the New York Giants in the Championship Game.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [26, 26], "content_span": [27, 188]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078289-0005-0000", "contents": "1960 NFL Championship Game, Background\nThe game matched the league's conference champions, Philadelphia Eagles (10\u20132) of the East and Green Bay Packers (8\u20134) of the West. The Eagles were making their first appearance in a championship game since 1949, and the Packers their first since 1944. Two years earlier, both teams had finished last in their respective conferences.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [28, 38], "content_span": [39, 372]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078289-0006-0000", "contents": "1960 NFL Championship Game, Background\nDue to the lack of lights at Franklin Field (lights were not installed at the venue until 1970), the kickoff time was moved up to 12 p.m. (noon) EST to allow for the possibility of sudden death overtime, as had occurred in 1958. The game was also played on a Monday, as it had been in 1955, as the NFL did not want to play the game on Christmas.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [28, 38], "content_span": [39, 384]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078289-0007-0000", "contents": "1960 NFL Championship Game, Background\nLed by future hall of fame head coach Vince Lombardi, Green Bay won the Western Conference, a game ahead of the Detroit Lions and San Francisco 49ers. The two-time defending champion Baltimore Colts, led by quarterback Johnny Unitas, were 6\u20132 on November 13, but lost their last four and stumbled into fourth place with a .500 record. (Baltimore did not win another division/conference title until 1964.) Green Bay had won six league championships before, most recently in 1944, but the intervening years had been lean.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [28, 38], "content_span": [39, 558]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078289-0008-0000", "contents": "1960 NFL Championship Game, Background\nAt the time, Lombardi was better known as an assistant coach (offense) for the New York Giants. Hired by the Packers in January 1959, he led them to a 7\u20135 record in his first season as a head coach, a vast improvement over the 1958 season (1\u201310\u20131), their worst ever. On the field, the Packers were led by quarterback Bart Starr, another future hall of famer, who was then lightly regarded, having thrown eight interceptions to go with his four touchdown passes in the 1960 season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [28, 38], "content_span": [39, 519]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078289-0008-0001", "contents": "1960 NFL Championship Game, Background\nStarr had shared playing time with Lamar McHan, who won all four games he started, while Starr was an even 4\u20134. In his four previous seasons in the league, Starr had more interceptions than touchdowns in each season and he finished the 1960 season with 1,358 passing yards, completing 98 of 172 passes for a completion percentage of 57.0. Other names that would shine during the dynasty the Packers built during the 1960s, such as halfback / placekicker Paul Hornung, linebacker Ray Nitschke, and fullback Jim Taylor, were all early in their careers and future hall of famers.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [28, 38], "content_span": [39, 615]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078289-0009-0000", "contents": "1960 NFL Championship Game, Background\nThe 1960 game represented a chance for Philadelphia to add to the consecutive titles they won in 1948 and 1949, but the team had declined to only two wins in 1958. Head coach Buck Shaw was in his third season with the Eagles, and in what turned out to be his final year as a head coach, and had turned around the team from a 2\u20139\u20131 record in 1958 to seven wins in 1959 to a conference championship and the league's best record in 1960.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [28, 38], "content_span": [39, 473]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078289-0009-0001", "contents": "1960 NFL Championship Game, Background\nThe Eagles were led on the field by 34-year-old quarterback Norm Van Brocklin, who was ranked second in the NFL with 2,471 passing yards and 24 passing touchdowns, behind Unitas of the Colts in both statistics, and was playing in his final game. Less than a month after the title game, he was named the head coach of the expansion Minnesota Vikings. Philadelphia had clinched the Eastern title early on December 4 at 9\u20131, and there was concern by Shaw that it could have an adverse effect on his team.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [28, 38], "content_span": [39, 540]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078289-0010-0000", "contents": "1960 NFL Championship Game, Game summary\nA capacity crowd of 67,325 gathered at Franklin Field, the home field of the University of Pennsylvania, with 7,000 temporary seats having been added. The Eagles were a two to three-point home underdog, and the game-time temperature was 48\u00a0\u00b0F (9\u00a0\u00b0C), creating difficult inconsistent field conditions for both teams, as the frozen playing surface thawed in spots leaving scattered puddles under the low winter sun. It had snowed several days earlier in Philadelphia, followed by cold temperatures, and the well-worn, nearly grassless field had been covered by a tarpaulin.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [28, 40], "content_span": [41, 612]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078289-0011-0000", "contents": "1960 NFL Championship Game, Game summary\nOn the first play from scrimmage, a lateral from Van Brocklin deflected off the hands of receiver Billy Ray Barnes and was intercepted by Bill Quinlan of the Packers, giving Green Bay possession at the Philadelphia 14-yard line. After Jim Taylor gained five yards on first down, the Packers were unable to score, turning the ball over on downs to Philadelphia at the six-yard line. A fumble on the Eagles' third play after gaining possession by Bill Barnes was recovered by Bill Forester of Green Bay at the 22-yard line of Philadelphia. Two Paul Hornung rushes gave the Packers a first down at the 12-yard line, but two incomplete passes and another Hornung rush came up short. Lombardi elected to kick on fourth down, with Hornung connecting from twenty yards out to give the Packers a 3\u20130 lead.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [28, 40], "content_span": [41, 838]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078289-0012-0000", "contents": "1960 NFL Championship Game, Game summary\nHornung kicked a second field goal in the opening minutes of the second quarter from 23 yards out, after a Packers drive stalled on the 17-yard line, putting Green Bay up by six points. On a pair of passes from Van Brocklin to Tommy McDonald of 22 yards and 35 yards respectively, the Eagles scored a touchdown and the extra point by kicker Bobby Walston gave them their first lead of the game.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [28, 40], "content_span": [41, 435]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078289-0012-0001", "contents": "1960 NFL Championship Game, Game summary\nAfter getting the ball back from Green Bay, Van Brocklin connected on a pass of 41 yards to Pete Retzlaff that was followed three plays later by a 22-yard pass play to Ted Dean that put the Eagles on the Packers' eight-yard line. After three incomplete passes, a field goal gave the Eagles a 10\u20136 lead. On the following drive in the waning minutes of the first half, Green Bay took the ball to the Philadelphia seven-yard line. The threat fizzled after Bart Starr was sacked for a loss and the field goal attempt from just 13 yards by Hornung was wide left, a critical error in a low-scoring game.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [28, 40], "content_span": [41, 638]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078289-0013-0000", "contents": "1960 NFL Championship Game, Game summary\nA drive by the Packers in the third quarter advanced to the Philadelphia 34-yard line, but Green Bay failed to convert on fourth down, turning the ball over to the Eagles and losing Hornung to a shoulder injury. The Eagles promptly marched down deep into Green Bay territory but a Van Brocklin pass was intercepted in the end zone by John Symank. The touchback gave the Packers the ball on their own 20-yard line. In punt formation on fourth down, Max McGee ran for 35 yards to give Green Bay a first down in Philadelphia territory. Despite the successful run on the fake punt, Lombardi was not pleased, saying \"We punt the ball; we don't run the ball\" when the team sets up for a punt.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [28, 40], "content_span": [41, 727]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078289-0014-0000", "contents": "1960 NFL Championship Game, Game summary\nIn the final quarter, continuing that same drive, the Packers advanced deep into Philadelphia territory on runs by backs Tom Moore and Taylor, then retook the lead with a seven-yard pass from Bart Starr to McGee with 13:07 left in the game. Hornung came off the bench to kick the extra point, giving Green Bay a 13\u201310 lead. On the ensuing kickoff, Ted Dean received the ball at the three-yard line and returned it 58 yards, giving Philadelphia excellent field position at the Green Bay 39-yard line.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [28, 40], "content_span": [41, 540]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078289-0014-0001", "contents": "1960 NFL Championship Game, Game summary\nDean provided what turned out to be the margin of victory for the Eagles with a five-yard touchdown run on a sweep led by a key block from guard Gerry Huth with 5:21 left, capping off a drive in which Van Brocklin passed the ball only once. On the Packers' next possession, McGee caught a short pass just beyond midfield, but was ruled to have fumbled, and the Eagles recovered. After a trade of punts, Philadelphia took over at their 26-yard line with just over three minutes remaining. Following three running plays and another punt, Green Bay started the final drive at their 35-yard line with 1:05 left, needing a touchdown.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [28, 40], "content_span": [41, 669]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078289-0015-0000", "contents": "1960 NFL Championship Game, Game summary\nA completion to Gary Knafelc ended with him tackled in bounds at the Eagles' thirty-yard line, and Green Bay used their final timeout with a half-minute left. On first down, Starr overthrew double-covered Boyd Dowler in the shady south corner of the end zone, stopping the clock with 25 seconds remaining. On second down, Knafelc caught a short pass, but was quickly tackled in bounds at the 22, so the clock continued to run.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [28, 40], "content_span": [41, 467]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078289-0015-0001", "contents": "1960 NFL Championship Game, Game summary\nStarr rushed to get the offense set for third down, then threw a short pass to fullback Taylor; it was caught on the run at the 17, but linebacker Bednarik, the last Eagle between Taylor and the end zone, tackled him at the Eagles' nine-yard line and remained on top of Taylor as the final seconds ticked off the clock, securing the Eagles the win and the championship. Bednarik had played both defense and offense, and was in for every play of the game; after the clock reached zero, he growled \"You can get up now, Taylor. This damn game's over.\"", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [28, 40], "content_span": [41, 589]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078289-0016-0000", "contents": "1960 NFL Championship Game, Game summary\nThe Eagles won despite being outgained in the game 401 yards to 296, with only 13 first downs as compared to 22 for the Packers. It would prove to be the only career playoff loss for Packer head coach Lombardi (9\u20131), and would be the last Eagles championship until Super Bowl LII 57 seasons later. Lombardi would later rue his decision to go on fourth down on several occasions deep in Philadelphia territory rather than attempt field goals on such plays, saying \"When you get down there, come out with something. I lost the game, not my players.\"", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [28, 40], "content_span": [41, 588]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078289-0017-0000", "contents": "1960 NFL Championship Game, Officials\nThe NFL had five game officials in 1960; the line judge was added in 1965 and the side judge in 1978.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [28, 37], "content_span": [38, 139]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078289-0018-0000", "contents": "1960 NFL Championship Game, Players' shares\nThe gross receipts for the game, including radio and television rights, were just under $748,000, the highest to date. Each player on the winning Eagles team received $5,116, while Packers players made $3,105 each.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [28, 43], "content_span": [44, 258]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078290-0000-0000", "contents": "1960 NFL Draft\nThe 1960 National Football League Draft in which NFL teams take turns selecting amateur college American football players and other first-time eligible players, was held at the Warwick Hotel in Philadelphia on November 30, 1959. Many players, including half of those drafted in the first round, signed with teams in the newly created American Football League, including the first overall pick and Heisman Trophy winner Billy Cannon. At the time of the draft, the Cardinals were still the Chicago Cardinals; they moved to St. Louis in March 1960. The Dallas Cowboys were enfranchised in January 1960 after the draft.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [14, 14], "content_span": [15, 630]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078291-0000-0000", "contents": "1960 NFL expansion draft\nThe 1960 NFL expansion draft was the first National Football League (NFL) draft in which a new expansion team, named the Dallas Rangers, selected its initial players. The NFL awarded Dallas, Texas a franchise to compete for revenue with Lamar Hunt's Dallas Texans of the upstart American Football League. The Dallas expansion franchise was approved too late for it to participate in the 1960 NFL draft which had been held on November 30, 1959. Dallas is the only NFL expansion team to not have had the benefit of a college draft in its first year.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [24, 24], "content_span": [25, 572]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078291-0001-0000", "contents": "1960 NFL expansion draft\nSo that the Rangers (Cowboys) could become competitive with existing teams, the league gave them the opportunity to select current players from existing teams. That selection was provided by the expansion draft, held on March 13, 1960. In this draft, the Rangers chose 36 players from the existing 12 teams. The NFL also assigned the rights to 1960 NFL draft picks Don Meredith (who had been drafted by the Chicago Bears) and Don Perkins (drafted by the Baltimore Colts) to the Cowboys for a couple of future draft picks.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [24, 24], "content_span": [25, 546]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078291-0002-0000", "contents": "1960 NFL expansion draft\n22 players made the active roster that season. 11 players played only one year with Dallas. Eight players (including Jack Patera, who was injured early in the 1961 season) played in 1960 and 1961. The three remaining players from the draft started for several years, including: Bob Fry, Tackle, 1960\u201364; Jerry Tubbs, Linebacker, 1960\u201366; and Frank Clarke, Wide Receiver, 1960\u201367.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [24, 24], "content_span": [25, 404]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078291-0003-0000", "contents": "1960 NFL expansion draft\nOn March 19, 1960, the Rangers renamed themselves the Cowboys.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [24, 24], "content_span": [25, 87]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078291-0004-0000", "contents": "1960 NFL expansion draft, Rules of the draft\nAccording to a post on the Professional Football Researcher's Association forum, details have never been released to the public, and thus the exact nature of the expansion draft is unclear. In his autobiography, Tom Landry stated, \u201cEach team would be allowed to protect twenty-five of the thirty-four men on its roster. Of the nine remaining names, we could pick only three from each team.\u201d  However, there are at least two mistakes in that statement. First, the active roster limit at that time was thirty-six, not thirty-four.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 44], "content_span": [45, 573]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078291-0004-0001", "contents": "1960 NFL expansion draft, Rules of the draft\nSecond, there were at least two individuals chosen by Dallas who were not on active rosters at the time of the selections. Note in particular the selection of Joe Nicely, who was never on an NFL active roster. Thus, it would appear that teams could nominate players from their inactive rosters as well.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 44], "content_span": [45, 347]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078291-0005-0000", "contents": "1960 NFL expansion draft, Rules of the draft\nMark Ribowsky: \u201cThe Cowboys were permitted to sign three players from each NFL team, choosing from among eleven players left unprotected from each thirty-six man roster in an expansion draft to be held in February.\u201d Again, nothing is said here about players not on the active roster, and Ribowsky has the date wrong. Perhaps the best conclusion is that teams were allowed to protect twenty-five players, active or inactive, and Dallas could choose from the remainder.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 44], "content_span": [45, 512]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078291-0006-0000", "contents": "1960 NFL expansion draft, Rules of the draft\nMore from Landry, \u201c . . . each time we picked a player off the unprotected list, a team could remove another from that list.\u201d", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 44], "content_span": [45, 170]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078292-0000-0000", "contents": "1960 NFL season\nThe 1960 NFL season was the 41st regular season of the National Football League.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 15], "section_span": [15, 15], "content_span": [16, 96]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078292-0001-0000", "contents": "1960 NFL season\nBefore the season, 33-year-old Pete Rozelle, the general manager of the Los Angeles Rams, was elected NFL commissioner as a compromise choice on the twenty-third ballot. Meanwhile, the league expanded to 13 teams in late January with the addition of the Dallas Cowboys, with a fourteenth team, the Minnesota Vikings, to start in 1961. Also, the Cardinals relocated from Chicago to St. Louis and became the St. Louis Cardinals, the same moniker as the major league baseball team.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 15], "section_span": [15, 15], "content_span": [16, 494]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078292-0002-0000", "contents": "1960 NFL season\nIn the championship game, the host Philadelphia Eagles defeated the Green Bay Packers by four points at Franklin Field. Two years earlier in 1958, both teams had finished in last place in their respective conferences, combining for only three wins. This loss was Vince Lombardi's only post-season defeat as an NFL head coach. Following this loss in 1960, Lombardi's Packers won five NFL championship games in seven years, and easily won the first two Super Bowls.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 15], "section_span": [15, 15], "content_span": [16, 479]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078292-0003-0000", "contents": "1960 NFL season\nThe NFL introduced the Playoff Bowl, a game for third place between the runners-up from each conference. Played at the Orange Bowl in Miami, Florida, after the NFL Championship game, it benefitted the players' pension fund. The Detroit Lions played the Cleveland Browns in the inaugural game and the Lions won by a point, the first of three straight wins by Detroit in the series.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 15], "section_span": [15, 15], "content_span": [16, 396]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078292-0004-0000", "contents": "1960 NFL season\nThe two-time defending league champion Baltimore Colts led the Western Conference after their bye in Week 9, but lost the last four games to finish at .500 and fourth in the West. The New York Giants, winners of the Eastern Conference the previous two seasons, won only one of their final five games and finished third in the East.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 15], "section_span": [15, 15], "content_span": [16, 347]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078292-0005-0000", "contents": "1960 NFL season\nDuring this season, the American Football League (AFL) was launched as a competitor to the NFL. The two leagues co-existed for the entire 1960s, agreed to a merger in 1966, and became one combined league in 1970.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 15], "section_span": [15, 15], "content_span": [16, 228]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078292-0006-0000", "contents": "1960 NFL season, Draft\nThe 1960 NFL Draft was held on November 30, 1959 at Philadelphia's Warwick Hotel. With the first pick, the Los Angeles Rams selected running back Billy Cannon from Louisiana State University.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 15], "section_span": [17, 22], "content_span": [23, 214]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078292-0007-0000", "contents": "1960 NFL season, Conference races\nAll teams but Dallas played a home-and-away game against the other five members of their own conference, one inter-conference game, and one game against the new team (Dallas). This was the final season for the 12-game schedule in the NFL. The Cowboys, although assigned to the Western Conference, were a \"swing team\" and played each team once. (Byes were necessary because of the odd number of teams in the league (13); one team was idle in each of the 13 weeks.) The Cowboys' first game saw them take a 14\u20130 lead over the Pittsburgh Steelers on a Saturday night at the Cotton Bowl, with Jim Doran catching a pass from Eddie LeBaron for the first score, but lost 35\u201328.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 15], "section_span": [17, 33], "content_span": [34, 703]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078292-0008-0000", "contents": "1960 NFL season, Conference races, Eastern\nPhiladelphia lost its opener at home to Cleveland, 41\u201324, then went on a nine-game winning streak. The breakthrough came in Week Six on October 30, when unbeaten New York (3\u20130\u20131), two-time defending conference champions, came off their bye and lost at home to St. Louis, 20\u201313, while the Browns and idle Eagles were both at 4\u20131. In Week Seven, New York beat Cleveland, 17\u201313, and the Eagles beat Pittsburgh 34\u20137.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 15], "section_span": [17, 42], "content_span": [43, 455]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078292-0008-0001", "contents": "1960 NFL season, Conference races, Eastern\nThe Eagles clinched the Eastern Conference after ten games at 9\u20131; they dropped a game the next week in the snow at Pittsburgh, and finished the regular season at 10\u20132, 1\u00bd games ahead of Cleveland. Two of the wins in the streak were in consecutive games (November 20 and 27) against New York. In the latter game, the Eagles trailed 17\u20130, then 23\u201317, before Norm Van Brocklin threw two touchdown passes in the final quarter for a 31\u201323 victory.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 15], "section_span": [17, 42], "content_span": [43, 486]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078292-0008-0002", "contents": "1960 NFL season, Conference races, Eastern\nIn the former, the Giants' Frank Gifford was severely injured in a tackle by linebacker Chuck Bednarik late in the game  that almost ended his career. New York entered that November 20 game at 5\u20131\u20131, but won only once in the last five games, including a tie to Dallas, the Cowboys' sole non-loss of the year, and finished third in the Eastern at 6\u20134\u20132. The Giants won the next three conference championships for five in six seasons, but not the league title.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 15], "section_span": [17, 42], "content_span": [43, 501]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078292-0009-0000", "contents": "1960 NFL season, Conference races, Western\nThe Western Conference race was one in which Baltimore, Chicago, Detroit, Green Bay, and San Francisco all had a lead at one time. The Bears fell back after a Week Six loss to the 49ers, 25\u20137. In Week Seven, the 4\u20132 Colts and the 4\u20131 Packers met on November 6 in Green Bay. Two-time defending NFL champion Baltimore, which had lost an earlier match, won 38\u201324, to take the lead in the Western. In Week Ten, the Colts (6\u20132) came off their bye and lost at home to San Francisco, 30\u201322, to begin a streak of four defeats.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 15], "section_span": [17, 42], "content_span": [43, 561]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078292-0009-0001", "contents": "1960 NFL season, Conference races, Western\nBaltimore's 20\u201315 loss to the Lions, and Green Bay's 41\u201313 win at Chicago, tied the Colts and Packers at 6\u20134 in Week Eleven. After the Packers' 13\u20130 win at San Francisco, their record was 7\u20134, while the Colts, Lions and 49ers were all at 6\u20135. San Francisco and Detroit both won the next week, the former beating Baltimore 34\u201310, but the Packers won the day before, downing Los Angeles 35\u201321 for the Western title, their first in 16 years.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 15], "section_span": [17, 42], "content_span": [43, 481]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078292-0010-0000", "contents": "1960 NFL season, Conference races, Western\nThe new Dallas Cowboys lost their first ten games but managed a 31\u201331 tie against the Giants at Yankee Stadium in New York on December 4. They finished at 0\u201311\u20131, a winning percentage of .000, rather than .042. Under the rules at the time, ties were ignored in computing winning percentage, which was changed prior to the 1972 season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 15], "section_span": [17, 42], "content_span": [43, 377]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078292-0011-0000", "contents": "1960 NFL season, Final standings\nNote: Tie games were not officially counted in the standings until 1972.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 15], "section_span": [17, 32], "content_span": [33, 105]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078292-0012-0000", "contents": "1960 NFL season, Postseason, Playoff Bowl\nThe Playoff Bowl was between the conference runners-up, for third place in the league. This was its first year (of ten) and it was played three weeks after the regular season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 15], "section_span": [17, 41], "content_span": [42, 217]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078293-0000-0000", "contents": "1960 NSWRFL season\n1960's New South Wales Rugby Football League premiership was the 53rd season of the rugby league competition based in Sydney. Ten teams from across the city competed for the J J Giltinan Shield and WD & HO Wills Cup during the season, which culminated in a grand final between St. George and Eastern Suburbs.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 18], "section_span": [18, 18], "content_span": [19, 327]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078293-0001-0000", "contents": "1960 NSWRFL season, Season summary\nWith four teams finishing on equal second place at the end of the regular season, and no weight given to the \"for\" and \"against\" points differential, minor premiers St. George watched Western Suburbs, Eastern Suburbs, Balmain and Canterbury-Bankstown go through a four-match series of play offs before the real finals commenced. In a double header at the Sydney Sports Ground, Easts and Wests won the right to play off for second and third spots, while Canterbury and Balmain's losses meant they would play off for the fourth and final place in the finals series.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 18], "section_span": [20, 34], "content_span": [35, 598]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078293-0002-0000", "contents": "1960 NSWRFL season, Season summary\nAlso in 1960, NSWRFL president Henry \"Jersey\" Flegg died and Bill Buckley took up the position.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 18], "section_span": [20, 34], "content_span": [35, 130]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078293-0003-0000", "contents": "1960 NSWRFL season, Season summary\nThis season the Western Suburbs Magpies won the NSWRFL Club Championship.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 18], "section_span": [20, 34], "content_span": [35, 108]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078293-0004-0000", "contents": "1960 NSWRFL season, Finals, Grand Final\nSt. George had lost to Eastern Suburbs late in the regular season and expected them to be a finals force. But due to the playoffs for the minor premiership placements the Roosters were playing their sixth match in four weeks, including an extra-time tussle in the minor semi against Canterbury.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 18], "section_span": [20, 39], "content_span": [40, 334]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078293-0005-0000", "contents": "1960 NSWRFL season, Finals, Grand Final\nFor the first grand final in four the defending premiers left their strongarm tactics in the locker room and let their skilled backline excel. Five minutes into the game Bob Bugden toed a loose ball through and fell on it to open the scoring. At 23 minutes the second try was set up by Brian Clay who beat his opposite Billy McNamara and passed to Reg Gasnier who dazzled the opposition with a change of pace that left them flatfooted.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 18], "section_span": [20, 39], "content_span": [40, 475]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078293-0006-0000", "contents": "1960 NSWRFL season, Finals, Grand Final\nProp Kevin Ryan may have been in his rookie St. George season but he had already represented for Australia at rugby union and for Queensland in boxing. He had fit into the tough St. George pack with ease and featured on Grand Final day in setting up firstly fellow newcomer Johnny King for a first half try, then Gasnier after the break for his second before being sent off at the 60 minute mark, along with Easts forward Brian Wright, for fighting.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 18], "section_span": [20, 39], "content_span": [40, 489]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078293-0007-0000", "contents": "1960 NSWRFL season, Finals, Grand Final\nNorm Provan and Dave Brown also scored in the second half and two minutes before the bell an interplay between Provan and Brian Graham resulted in King getting his second try. Only a few weeks earlier Johnny King had been the third grade fullback, having been declined a contract offer early in the season from South Sydney.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 18], "section_span": [20, 39], "content_span": [40, 364]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078293-0008-0000", "contents": "1960 NSWRFL season, Finals, Grand Final\nAlthough they were on the wrong side of a 17-6 penalty caning, St. George scored seven tries to nil, walloping Eastern Suburbs 31-6.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 18], "section_span": [20, 39], "content_span": [40, 172]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078293-0009-0000", "contents": "1960 NSWRFL season, Finals, Grand Final\nKen Kearney became the oldest player to appear in a grand final (36 years 123 days) and also equalled Jack Rayner's record of five grand finals won as captain.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 18], "section_span": [20, 39], "content_span": [40, 199]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078293-0010-0000", "contents": "1960 NSWRFL season, Finals, Grand Final\nSt. George 31 (Tries: Gasnier 2, King 2, Bugden, Brown, Provan. Goals: Graham 5.)", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 18], "section_span": [20, 39], "content_span": [40, 121]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078294-0000-0000", "contents": "1960 National 400\nThe 1960 National 400 was a Grand National Series stock car race that was held on October 16, 1960, at Charlotte Motor Speedway in Concord, North Carolina.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [17, 17], "content_span": [18, 173]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078294-0001-0000", "contents": "1960 National 400\nThe transition to purpose-built racecars began in the early 1960s and occurred gradually over that decade. Changes made to the sport by the late 1960s brought an end to the \"strictly stock\" vehicles of the 1950s.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [17, 17], "content_span": [18, 230]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078294-0002-0000", "contents": "1960 National 400, Background\nAround 29,166 spectators traveled to Charlotte Motor Speedway to watch the race. Located in Concord, North Carolina, Charlotte Motor Speedway is a banked 1.5-mile (2.4\u00a0km) quad-oval that opened a few months earlier for the inaugural World 600.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 29], "content_span": [30, 273]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078294-0003-0000", "contents": "1960 National 400, Background\nCharlotte Motor Speedway was designed and built by Bruton Smith and partner and driver Curtis Turner in 1959. The first World 600 NASCAR race was held at the 1.5\u00a0mi (2.4\u00a0km) speedway on June 19, 1960. On December 8, 1961, the speedway filed bankruptcy notice. Judge J.B. Craven of US District Court for Western North Carolina reorganized it under Chapter 10 of the Bankruptcy Act; Judge Craven appointed Robert \"Red\" Robinson as the track's trustee until March 1962. At that point, a committee of major stockholders in the speedway was assembled, headed by A.C. Goines and furniture store owner Richard Howard. Goines, Howard, and Robinson worked to secure loans and other monies to keep the speedway afloat.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 29], "content_span": [30, 738]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078294-0004-0000", "contents": "1960 National 400, Race report\nBob Barron and Friday Hassler would make their NASCAR Grand National debut appearances here. Unfortunately, this would be Bob Barron's only start of the 1960 NASCAR Grand National Series season. Charlie Glotzbach would also make his NASCAR big league debut at this race but to a much smaller fanfare.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 30], "content_span": [31, 331]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078294-0005-0000", "contents": "1960 National 400, Race report\nThe race was held on a dry circuit; with no precipitation recorded around the speedway.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 30], "content_span": [31, 118]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078294-0006-0000", "contents": "1960 National 400, Race report\nIt took three hours and thirty-two minutes to complete 267 laps on a paved oval track spanning 1.500 miles (2.414\u00a0km). Seven cautions were waved by NASCAR officials for 34 laps. Speedy Thompson defeated Richard Petty by one lap and twelve seconds in front of nearly 30,000 spectators while going 112.905 miles per hour (181.703\u00a0km/h); helping the Wood Brothers' racing team earn their one of their first NASCAR wins as owners. Thompson would get his penultimate win of his NASCAR Cup career in this race; winning for the last time at the 1960 Capital City 400.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 30], "content_span": [31, 591]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078294-0007-0000", "contents": "1960 National 400, Race report\nFireball Roberts was the qualifier for the pole position with a speed of 133.465 miles per hour (214.791\u00a0km/h). Eight notable crew chiefs participated in the event; including Cotton Owens, Leonard Wood and Bud Moore. He would eventually blow a tire on lap 232; causing him to crash and lose the lead. There were fifty drivers who would ultimately participate in this event; all of them were American-born males.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 30], "content_span": [31, 442]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078294-0008-0000", "contents": "1960 National 400, Race report\nFred Lorenzen would earn the event's last-place finish for a vibration problem that he developed on lap 4; earning only $200 for that day ($1,488 when adjusted for inflation). Lowe's was one of the corporate sponsors of this racing event; they still sponsor NASCAR to this very day through frequent Monster Energy NASCAR Cup Series champion Jimmie Johnson.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 30], "content_span": [31, 387]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078294-0009-0000", "contents": "1960 National 400, Race report, Qualifying\nFailed to qualify: Buddy Baker (#20), Leroy Thomas, Wilbur Rakestraw (#99), Bob Duell (#95), Gerald Duke (#92), Speedy Thompson (#90), Charles Griffin (#78), Elmo Henderson (#70), Tiny Lund (#63), Jim Whitman (#60), Jim Cook (#38), Tommy Irwin (#36), Jimmy Massey (#21), LeeRoy Yarbrough", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 42], "content_span": [43, 330]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078295-0000-0000", "contents": "1960 National Challenge Cup\nThe 1960 National Challenge Cup was the 47th edition of the USSFA's annual open soccer championship. The Philadelphia Ukrainians defeated the Los Angeles Kickers to win.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [27, 27], "content_span": [28, 197]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078296-0000-0000", "contents": "1960 National Invitation Tournament\nThe 1960 National Invitation Tournament was the 1960 edition of the annual NCAA college basketball competition.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [35, 35], "content_span": [36, 147]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078296-0001-0000", "contents": "1960 National Invitation Tournament, Selected teams\nBelow is a list of the 12 teams selected for the tournament.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 51], "content_span": [52, 112]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078297-0000-0000", "contents": "1960 Nations motorcycle Grand Prix\nThe 1960 Nations motorcycle Grand Prix was the seventh and final round of the 1960 Grand Prix motorcycle racing season. It took place on September 11, 1960, at the Autodromo Nazionale Monza.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [34, 34], "content_span": [35, 225]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078298-0000-0000", "contents": "1960 Navy Midshipmen football team\nThe 1960 Navy Midshipmen football team represented the United States Naval Academy as an independent in the 1960 NCAA University Division football season. The offense scored 262 points while the defense allowed 103 points. Led by head coach Wayne Hardin, the Midshipmen finished the season with nine wins and an appearance in the Orange Bowl.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [34, 34], "content_span": [35, 377]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078298-0001-0000", "contents": "1960 Navy Midshipmen football team\nThe Midshipmen were Lambert Trophy co-champions with undefeated Yale. Senior halfback Joe Bellino was awarded the Heisman Trophy and the Maxwell Award.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [34, 34], "content_span": [35, 186]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078298-0002-0000", "contents": "1960 Navy Midshipmen football team\nNavy upset third-ranked Washington in Seattle, which vaulted them up eleven places in the rankings, to sixth. They played Air Force for the first time this season, a 35\u20133 win in mid-October in Baltimore as Bellino scored three touchdowns and made an interception, all in the first half.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [34, 34], "content_span": [35, 321]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078299-0000-0000", "contents": "1960 Nebraska Cornhuskers football team\nThe 1960 Nebraska Cornhuskers football team was the representative of the University of Nebraska and member of the Big Eight Conference in the 1960 NCAA University Division football season. The team was coached by Bill Jennings and played their home games at Memorial Stadium in Lincoln, Nebraska.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [39, 39], "content_span": [40, 337]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078299-0001-0000", "contents": "1960 Nebraska Cornhuskers football team, Before the season\nThe mixed fortunes of Nebraska football under coach Jennings were a continuing source of uncertainty. In the three previous years of his tenure, two distinct faces of the program appeared depending often upon who the opponent was. Stunning victories over favored teams were frequently followed or preceded by demoralizing losses to underperforming or average conference foes. Jennings had record clear losing records in all three seasons, finishing last or 2nd to last in the league, yet managed to secure epic wins against powerhouse rivals such as Minnesota and Pittsburgh, and even snapped Oklahoma's 13-year, 74-game conference winning streak. For his fifth year, the Nebraska football schedule opened with a tough road game against #4 Texas, but was then favorable with four straight home stands, and the only other major looming threat was the final game with Oklahoma, in Norman.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 58], "content_span": [59, 945]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078299-0002-0000", "contents": "1960 Nebraska Cornhuskers football team, Game summaries, Texas\nNebraska's record of surprise victories was extended once again when the Cornhuskers fought #4 Texas to a near draw, scraping out the win by a single point under the guidance of Pat Fischer, who had converted to QB in the offseason. Nebraska set a new team record for defeat of a highly ranked team, besting the 14\u201313 road win over #7 Kansas in 1952. The win moved the Cornhuskers to 2\u20131 in the series, and prompted the AP Poll to move Nebraska into the rankings for the first time since 1954.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 62], "content_span": [63, 556]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078299-0003-0000", "contents": "1960 Nebraska Cornhuskers football team, Game summaries, Minnesota\nMinnesota had long dominated the series between these teams, and was coming off the uncommon loss to Nebraska when they met in Lincoln. The Cornhuskers failed to live up to their recent billing as the #12 team in the land, as the unranked Golden Gophers ran over around and through the outgunned Nebraska line. The 14 Cornhusker points were put up inside of two minutes of the third quarter, one thanks to an interception, but the rest of the day belonged to Minnesota.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 66], "content_span": [67, 536]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078299-0003-0001", "contents": "1960 Nebraska Cornhuskers football team, Game summaries, Minnesota\nThe Cornhuskers gave up their short-lived appearance in the polls and were now just 6\u201329\u20132 in the series. Minnesota used this win as a springboard, going on to finish the season ranked #1 as the AP national champions, though they subsequently lost to #6 Washington 7\u201317 in the 1961 Rose Bowl.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 66], "content_span": [67, 359]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078299-0004-0000", "contents": "1960 Nebraska Cornhuskers football team, Game summaries, Iowa State\nThe first conference game for Nebraska started with promise, thanks to a high wind. A Cyclone punt traveled for only twelve yards into the wind, giving the Cornhuskers favorable field position on the Iowa State 29 and quickly leading to a touchdown in the first quarter. Following that, the Cyclones brought the score even with a touchdown before the break. Try as they might to recover the lead, Nebraska was unable to get a score, while allowing Iowa State what would be the game-winning field goal. Nebraska still dominated the series, 42\u201311\u20131.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 67], "content_span": [68, 615]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078299-0005-0000", "contents": "1960 Nebraska Cornhuskers football team, Game summaries, Kansas State\nNebraska secured the first league victory against Kansas State thanks a great deal to three key running plays by HB Bennie Dillard that rolled up 43\u00a0yards to score two touchdowns and set up a third. The Cornhusker triumph also snapped a three-game home field losing stretch to the Wildcats and moved Nebraska to 33\u20139\u20132 against Kansas State all time.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 69], "content_span": [70, 419]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078299-0006-0000", "contents": "1960 Nebraska Cornhuskers football team, Game summaries, Army\nThe Cadets struck first with a field goal, and disaster soon followed when Army then recovered a Nebraska fumble on the Cornhusker 5\u00a0yard line and promptly converted it into Nebraska's first-ever touchdown against the Cadets. Down 9\u20130, just two plays later, Nebraska QB Pat Fischer successfully faked a pass before running 64\u00a0yards to the Army 14, and soon enough the Cornhuskers were back in it, 9\u20137. After the halftime break, another bit of trickery by Fischer allowed a 57-yard pass to HB Dillard for another touchdown.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 61], "content_span": [62, 584]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078299-0006-0001", "contents": "1960 Nebraska Cornhuskers football team, Game summaries, Army\nThe Cadet squad was far more productive than Nebraska on the day, snagging an interception, outyarding them 324\u2013198, and tallying a first down advantage of 18\u20135. Despite the battle of statistics favoring Army, two outstanding defensive stands by the Cornhuskers on the 5\u00a0yard line kept Army scoreless until time expired on a last-ditch Cadet pass play into the end zone that was knocked away and incomplete. The win was Nebraska's first against Army in three attempts.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 61], "content_span": [62, 530]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078299-0007-0000", "contents": "1960 Nebraska Cornhuskers football team, Game summaries, Colorado\nPlaying in the high altitude at Boulder, the Cornhuskers attempted to make a game of it, pulling up to a 6\u20136 tie in the second quarter. Nebraska's momentum would be broken and never recovered shortly after when the Buffaloes returned a kickoff 95\u00a0yards for a touchdown to go ahead for good. Finally, in the fourth quarter, the Cornhuskers had a chance to tie the game on two occasions, but came away empty-handed on both attempts. Colorado's win brought them back to within a game of catching Nebraska in the series, at 9\u201310\u20130.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 65], "content_span": [66, 593]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078299-0008-0000", "contents": "1960 Nebraska Cornhuskers football team, Game summaries, Missouri\nNebraska was nursing a 3\u20133 record, just 1\u20132 in the Big 8, when #5 Missouri came to Lincoln. While Nebraska seemed, under the guidance of Bill Jennings, as a likely victor in a game no one would normally expect them to win, this matchup failed to follow the pattern of Cornhusker upsets. The Tigers rolled over the Cornhusker line almost at will, rolling up 28 unanswered points. As time waned, Missouri gave up a fumble that the Cornhuskers eventually managed to bring to the Tiger 7-yard line.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 65], "content_span": [66, 560]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078299-0008-0001", "contents": "1960 Nebraska Cornhuskers football team, Game summaries, Missouri\nForced to turn the ball back over on downs, Missouri ran the clock out and handed down a shutout defeat to Nebraska. The Tigers moved to 22\u201328\u20133 in the series, and kept the Missouri-Nebraska Bell for the fourth straight year. The Tigers went on to finish the season 11\u20130 and ranked #5 by the AP Poll, and defeated #4 Navy 21\u201314 in the 1961 Orange Bowl.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 65], "content_span": [66, 418]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078299-0009-0000", "contents": "1960 Nebraska Cornhuskers football team, Game summaries, Kansas\nAfter the surprise 1959 upset of Oklahoma by the Cornhuskers in 1959, the Sooners had not yet recovered and were in a spiral downward. Smelling a chance at a conference title for the first time in well over a decade, Kansas brought their full effort against the Cornhuskers in Lawrence. Nebraska's first and only break came on a fumble lost by the Jayhawks early on, but the Kansas defense promptly stopped the series.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 63], "content_span": [64, 482]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078299-0009-0001", "contents": "1960 Nebraska Cornhuskers football team, Game summaries, Kansas\nThe Cornhuskers were unable to get past the Kansas 35\u00a0yard line until late in the 4th quarter when the game was already out of reach, and still the Jawhawks held firm. The 0\u201331 blanking was the worst-ever defeat Kansas had dealt to Nebraska in their series that dated to 1892, though it still belonged to the Cornhuskers at 46\u201317\u20133. Kansas went on to finish strong, 5\u20134\u20131 and ranked #11 by the AP Poll.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 63], "content_span": [64, 466]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078299-0010-0000", "contents": "1960 Nebraska Cornhuskers football team, Game summaries, Oklahoma State\nOklahoma State and Nebraska were briefly members of the same conference from 1925 to 1928 before the MVIAA reorganized into the Big 6, though they had not met on the field before today. Now that the Cowboys (formerly the Aggies) were back, the league was now known as the Big 8. Coach Jennings showed a new look to first-time opponent OSU, attacking in the double wing T for the first time. The Cowboys quickly adjusted, however, and were still able to stifle the Cornhusker offense.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 71], "content_span": [72, 555]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078299-0010-0001", "contents": "1960 Nebraska Cornhuskers football team, Game summaries, Oklahoma State\nNebraska QB Pat Fischer returned an early punt for a touchdown to go ahead, but all other attempts to score fell short. Nebraska succeeded in hanging onto the lead until late in the fourth, when Fischer allowed a fumble to be lost to Oklahoma State. The Cowboys, who had managed to get into Nebraska territory only one other time in the entire game so far, subsequently converted the turnover into a touchdown. The successful point after sealed the outcome.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 71], "content_span": [72, 529]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078299-0011-0000", "contents": "1960 Nebraska Cornhuskers football team, Game summaries, Oklahoma\nOklahoma's 13-year high-flying domination of the league came crashing to a halt after Nebraska's shocking defeat of the Sooners to close out 1959, and Oklahoma had still not quite recovered. Limping into the game with a 2\u20133\u20131 conference record unprecedented in recent history, the Sooners were bent on revenge against the team that had started the downward spiral. Oklahoma jumped out to a 14\u20130 lead by halftime before Nebraska came together to mount a counterattack.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 65], "content_span": [66, 533]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078299-0011-0001", "contents": "1960 Nebraska Cornhuskers football team, Game summaries, Oklahoma\nHolding the Sooners off for the rest of the game, and helped by a sensational 68\u00a0yard touchdown run, the Cornhuskers scratched up 17 points to take their second straight victory against Oklahoma. The struggling Oklahoma squad ended their season with four straight conference defeats, and their series with Nebraska was again tied at 18\u201318\u20133.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 65], "content_span": [66, 407]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078299-0012-0000", "contents": "1960 Nebraska Cornhuskers football team, After the season\nCoach Jennings completed his fourth straight year of unpredictable levels of success. Despite once again pulling off unlikely upsets, against Texas and Army, and defeating Oklahoma for the program's first back-to-back wins over the Sooners since 1942, the Cornhuskers again fell flat in the conference and managed only a tie for 6th place. Although this was Coach Jennings' fourth straight losing season, he still managed to accumulate slightly improved records, with 6\u201319\u20130 (.240) in the Big 8 and 12\u201328\u20130 (.300) overall.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 57], "content_span": [58, 580]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078299-0012-0001", "contents": "1960 Nebraska Cornhuskers football team, After the season\nThe Cornhuskers now stood at 152\u201377\u201312 (.656) all time in conference, and slipped to 363\u2013217\u201334 (.619) overall, a record tenth straight year of decline. Still, despite owning the third-worst career coaching in the history of the program among coaches with more than one year at the helm, the university opted to keep Jennings aboard for 1961.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 57], "content_span": [58, 400]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078300-0000-0000", "contents": "1960 Nebraska gubernatorial election\nThe 1960 Nebraska gubernatorial election was held on November 8, 1960, and featured attorney and frequent political candidate Frank B. Morrison, a Democrat, defeating Republican nominee, state Senator John R. Cooper.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [36, 36], "content_span": [37, 253]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078301-0000-0000", "contents": "1960 Nemzeti Bajnoks\u00e1g I (women's handball)\nThe 1960 Nemzeti Bajnoks\u00e1g I is the 10th season of the Nemzeti Bajnoks\u00e1g I, Hungary's premier Handball league.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 43], "section_span": [43, 43], "content_span": [44, 154]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078301-0001-0000", "contents": "1960 Nemzeti Bajnoks\u00e1g I (women's handball), Final list\n* M: Matches W: Win D: Drawn L: Lost G+: Goals earned G-: Goals got P: Point", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 43], "section_span": [45, 55], "content_span": [56, 132]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078302-0000-0000", "contents": "1960 Nepal coup d'\u00e9tat\n1960 Nepal coup d'\u00e9tat was a coup d'\u00e9tat led by King Mahendra on 15 December 1960.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [22, 22], "content_span": [23, 105]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078302-0001-0000", "contents": "1960 Nepal coup d'\u00e9tat\nThe same day, he dismissed the cabinet of B.P. Koirala and imprisoned Koirala. On 13 April 1961, Mahendra made a televised appearance, in which he introduced Panchayat, a partyless political system.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [22, 22], "content_span": [23, 221]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078303-0000-0000", "contents": "1960 Nevada Wolf Pack football team\nThe 1960 Nevada Wolf Pack football team represented the University of Nevada during the 1960 NCAA College Division football season. Nevada competed as a member of the Far Western Conference (FWC). The Wolf Pack were led by second-year head coach Dick Trachok and played their home games at Mackay Stadium.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [35, 35], "content_span": [36, 341]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078303-0001-0000", "contents": "1960 Nevada Wolf Pack football team, Previous season\nThe Wolf Pack finished the 1959 season 4\u20133 and 3\u20132 in FWC play to finish in third place.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 52], "content_span": [53, 141]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078304-0000-0000", "contents": "1960 New Brunswick general election\nThe 1960 New Brunswick general election was held on June 27, 1960, to elect 52 members to the 44th New Brunswick Legislative Assembly, the governing house of the province of New Brunswick, Canada. The election resulted in the defeat of the incumbent Conservative government of Hugh John Flemming by the Liberals led by Louis Robichaud.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [35, 35], "content_span": [36, 371]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078304-0001-0000", "contents": "1960 New Brunswick general election, Further reading\nThis New Brunswick-related article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by .", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 52], "content_span": [53, 126]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078304-0002-0000", "contents": "1960 New Brunswick general election, Further reading\nThis elections in Canada-related article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by .", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 52], "content_span": [53, 132]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078305-0000-0000", "contents": "1960 New Hampshire Wildcats football team\nThe 1960 New Hampshire Wildcats football team was an American football team that represented the University of New Hampshire as a member of the Yankee Conference during the 1960 NCAA College Division football season. In its 12th year under head coach Chief Boston, the team compiled a 4\u20133 record (2\u20132 against conference opponents) and finished fourth out of six teams in the Yankee Conference.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 41], "section_span": [41, 41], "content_span": [42, 435]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078306-0000-0000", "contents": "1960 New Hampshire gubernatorial election\nThe 1960 New Hampshire gubernatorial election was held on November 8, 1960. Incumbent Republican Wesley Powell defeated Democratic nominee Bernard L. Boutin with 55.46% of the vote.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 41], "section_span": [41, 41], "content_span": [42, 223]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078307-0000-0000", "contents": "1960 New Mexico Lobos football team\nThe 1960 New Mexico Lobos football team represented the University of New Mexico in the Skyline Conference during the 1960 NCAA University Division football season. In their first season under head coach Bill Weeks, the Lobos compiled a 5\u20135 record (4\u20132 against Skyline opponents), finished fourth in the conference, and outscored all opponents by a total of 234 to 182.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [35, 35], "content_span": [36, 405]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078307-0001-0000", "contents": "1960 New Mexico Lobos football team\nThe 1960 season was the first in which the Lobos played their home games in the newly-constructed University Stadium. The first game in the new stadium was a 77\u20136 victory over University of Mexico witnessed by a record crowd of 24,085 persons.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [35, 35], "content_span": [36, 279]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078307-0002-0000", "contents": "1960 New Mexico Lobos football team\nThe team's statistical leaders included Jim Cromartie with 343 passing yards and Bobby Santiago with 596 rushing yards and 187 receiving yards.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [35, 35], "content_span": [36, 179]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078308-0000-0000", "contents": "1960 New Mexico State Aggies football team\nThe 1960 New Mexico State Aggies football team represented New Mexico State University in the Border Conference during the 1960 NCAA University Division football season. The Aggies, led by third-year head coach Warren B. Woodson, played their home games at Memorial Stadium. They finished the season with a record of 11\u20130 and 4\u20130 in conference play. Until the 2017 school year, this was the most recent New Mexico State team to play in a bowl game.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 42], "section_span": [42, 42], "content_span": [43, 491]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078308-0001-0000", "contents": "1960 New Mexico State Aggies football team\nFor the second time in what proved to be four consecutive years, a New Mexico State back won the NCAA rushing title, Pervis Atkins in 1959, Bob Gaiters in 1960, and Preacher Pilot in 1961 and 1962.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 42], "section_span": [42, 42], "content_span": [43, 240]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078308-0002-0000", "contents": "1960 New Mexico State Aggies football team\nHead coach Warren B. Woodson was later inducted into the College Football Hall of Fame.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 42], "section_span": [42, 42], "content_span": [43, 130]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078309-0000-0000", "contents": "1960 New Mexico gubernatorial election\nThe 1960 New Mexico gubernatorial election took place on November 8, 1960, in order to elect the Governor of New Mexico. Incumbent Democrat John Burroughs ran for reelection to a second term.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [38, 38], "content_span": [39, 230]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078309-0001-0000", "contents": "1960 New Mexico gubernatorial election, Democratic primary\nThe Democratic primary was won by incumbent governor John Burroughs.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 58], "content_span": [59, 127]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078309-0002-0000", "contents": "1960 New Mexico gubernatorial election, Republican primary\nThe Republican primary was won by former governor Edwin L. Mechem.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 58], "content_span": [59, 125]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078310-0000-0000", "contents": "1960 New Year Honours\nThe New Year Honours 1960 were appointments in many of the Commonwealth realms of Queen Elizabeth II to various orders and honours to reward and highlight good works by citizens of those countries. They were announced in supplements to the London Gazette of 29 December 1959 to celebrate the year passed and mark the beginning of 1960.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [21, 21], "content_span": [22, 357]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078310-0001-0000", "contents": "1960 New Year Honours\nAt this time honours for Australians were awarded both in the United Kingdom honours, on the advice of the premiers of Australian states, and also in a separate Australia honours list.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [21, 21], "content_span": [22, 206]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078310-0002-0000", "contents": "1960 New Year Honours\nThe recipients of honours are displayed here as they were styled before their new honour, and arranged by honour, with classes (Knight, Knight Grand Cross, etc.) and then divisions (Military, Civil, etc.) as appropriate.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [21, 21], "content_span": [22, 242]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078310-0003-0000", "contents": "1960 New Year Honours, United Kingdom and Commonwealth, Royal Victorian Order, Member of the Royal Victorian Order (MVO)\nAt this time the two lowest classes of the Royal Victorian Order were \"Member (fourth class)\" and \"Member (fifth class)\", both with post-nominal letters MVO. \"Member (fourth class)\" was renamed \"Lieutenant\" (LVO) from the 1985 New Year Honours onwards.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [23, 120], "content_span": [121, 373]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078311-0000-0000", "contents": "1960 New Year Honours (New Zealand)\nThe 1960 New Year Honours in New Zealand were appointments by Elizabeth II on the advice of the New Zealand government to various orders and honours to reward and highlight good works by New Zealanders. The awards celebrated the passing of 1959 and the beginning of 1960, and were announced on 1 January 1960.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [35, 35], "content_span": [36, 345]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078311-0001-0000", "contents": "1960 New Year Honours (New Zealand)\nThe recipients of honours are displayed here as they were styled before their new honour.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [35, 35], "content_span": [36, 125]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078312-0000-0000", "contents": "1960 New York Film Critics Circle Awards\nThe 26th New York Film Critics Circle Awards, honored the best filmmaking of 1960.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [40, 40], "content_span": [41, 123]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078313-0000-0000", "contents": "1960 New York Giants season\nThe 1960 New York Giants season was the franchise's 36th season in the National Football League. The Mara family was opposed to the AFL adding a team in New York, but received an indemnity fee of ten million dollars.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [27, 27], "content_span": [28, 244]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078313-0001-0000", "contents": "1960 New York Giants season, Offseason\nWith the departure of defensive coordinator Tom Landry to the expansion Cowboys, three veterans served dual roles as player-coaches. Harland Svare became the defensive coordinator, Andy Robustelli was a defensive line coach, while Jimmy Patton was a defensive backs coach.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 38], "content_span": [39, 311]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078313-0002-0000", "contents": "1960 New York Giants season, Regular season\nLate in the eighth game of the season on November 20 at Yankee Stadium, linebacker Chuck Bednarik of Philadelphia knocked halfback Frank Gifford of the Giants unconscious and into St. Elizabeth's Hospital. Gifford was out of football for over eighteen months and the game-sealing play involving the two hall of famers is considered one of the most famous tackles in NFL history. The Giants went 6\u20134\u20132 in 1960 and finished in third place in the Eastern Conference. As a result, the Giants missed out on the post-season: the NFL Championship Game was won by host Philadelphia. The third place game in Miami, the first of the ten Playoff Bowls, was won by Detroit at the Orange Bowl in early January.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 43], "content_span": [44, 741]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078313-0003-0000", "contents": "1960 New York Giants season, Regular season, Standings\nNote: Tie games were not officially counted in the standings until 1972.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 54], "content_span": [55, 127]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078314-0000-0000", "contents": "1960 New York Titans season\nThe 1960 New York Titans season was the inaugural season for the team in the upstart American Football League (AFL). The team began play in the Polo Grounds, the one-time home of the National Football League (NFL)'s New York Giants. The Titans finished their first season at a respectable 7\u20137.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [27, 27], "content_span": [28, 321]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078314-0001-0000", "contents": "1960 New York Titans season, Standings\nNote: Tie games were not officially counted in the standings until 1972.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 38], "content_span": [39, 111]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078315-0000-0000", "contents": "1960 New York Yankees season\nThe 1960 New York Yankees season was the 58th season for the team in New York, and its 60th season overall. The team finished with a record of 97\u201357, winning its 25th pennant, finishing 8 games ahead of the Baltimore Orioles. New York was managed by Casey Stengel. The Yankees played their home games at Yankee Stadium. In the World Series, they were defeated by the Pittsburgh Pirates in seven games.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [28, 28], "content_span": [29, 430]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078315-0001-0000", "contents": "1960 New York Yankees season, Regular season\nElston Howard took over as the Yankees' everyday catcher, while Yogi Berra split time between the outfield and serving as Howard's backup.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 44], "content_span": [45, 183]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078315-0002-0000", "contents": "1960 New York Yankees season, Player stats, Batting, Starters by position\nNote: Pos = Position; G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 73], "content_span": [74, 198]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078315-0003-0000", "contents": "1960 New York Yankees season, Player stats, Batting, Other batters\nNote: G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 66], "content_span": [67, 175]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078315-0004-0000", "contents": "1960 New York Yankees season, Player stats, Pitching, Starting pitchers\nNote: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 71], "content_span": [72, 182]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078315-0005-0000", "contents": "1960 New York Yankees season, Player stats, Pitching, Other pitchers\nNote: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 68], "content_span": [69, 179]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078315-0006-0000", "contents": "1960 New York Yankees season, Player stats, Pitching, Relief pitchers\nNote: G = Games pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; SV = Saves; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 69], "content_span": [70, 170]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078315-0007-0000", "contents": "1960 New York Yankees season, 1960 World Series\nNL Pittsburgh Pirates (4) vs. AL New York Yankees (3)", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 47], "content_span": [48, 101]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078316-0000-0000", "contents": "1960 New York mid-air collision\nOn Friday, December 16, 1960, a United Airlines Douglas DC-8, bound for Idlewild Airport (now John F. Kennedy International Airport) in New York City, collided in midair with a TWA Lockheed L-1049 Super Constellation descending into the city's LaGuardia Airport. The Constellation crashed on Miller Field in Staten Island and the DC-8 into Park Slope, Brooklyn, killing all 128 people on the two aircraft and six people on the ground. It was the deadliest aviation disaster in the world at the time.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [31, 31], "content_span": [32, 531]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078316-0000-0001", "contents": "1960 New York mid-air collision\nThe death toll would not be surpassed until a Lockheed C-130B Hercules was shot down in May 1968, killing 155 people. In terms of commercial aviation, the death toll would not be surpassed until the March 1969 crash of Viasa Flight 742, which crashed on takeoff and killed all 84 people on board the aircraft, as well as 71 people on the ground. The accident became known as the Park Slope plane crash or the Miller Field crash, after the crash sites of each plane respectively. The accident was also the first hull loss and first fatal accident involving a Douglas DC-8.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [31, 31], "content_span": [32, 603]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078316-0001-0000", "contents": "1960 New York mid-air collision, Aircraft and crews\nUnited Airlines Flight 826, Mainliner Will Rogers, registration N8013U, was a DC-8-11 carrying 84 people from O'Hare International Airport in Chicago to Idlewild Airport (now John F. Kennedy International Airport) in Queens. The crew was Captain Robert Sawyer (age 46), First Officer Robert Fiebing (40), Flight Engineer Richard Pruitt (30), and four stewardesses.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 51], "content_span": [52, 416]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078316-0002-0000", "contents": "1960 New York mid-air collision, Aircraft and crews\nTrans World Airlines Flight 266, Star of Sicily, registration N6907C, was a Super Constellation carrying 44 people from Dayton and Columbus, Ohio, to LaGuardia Airport in Queens. The crew was Captain David Wollam (age 39), First Officer Dean Bowen (32), Flight Engineer LeRoy Rosenthal (30), and two stewardesses. Star of Sicily's sister ship N6902C, Star of the Seine, was destroyed in another mid-air collision with a United Airlines flight in 1956.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 51], "content_span": [52, 503]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078316-0003-0000", "contents": "1960 New York mid-air collision, Background\nAt 10:21 A.M. Eastern Time, United 826 advised ARINC radio \u2014 which relayed the message to UAL maintenance \u2014 that one of its VOR receivers had stopped working. ATC, however, was not told that the aircraft had only one receiver, which made it more difficult for the pilots of flight 826 to identify the Preston intersection, beyond which it had not received clearance.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 43], "content_span": [44, 410]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078316-0004-0000", "contents": "1960 New York mid-air collision, Background\nAt 10:25 A.M. Eastern Time, air traffic control issued a revised clearance for the flight to shorten its route to the Preston holding point (near Laurence Harbor, New Jersey) by 12 miles (19\u00a0km). That clearance included holding instructions (a standard race-track holding pattern) for UAL Flight 826 when it arrived at the Preston intersection. Flight 826 was expected to reduce its speed before reaching Preston, to a standard holding speed of 210 knots or less. However, the aircraft was estimated to be doing 301 knots when it collided with the TWA plane, several miles beyond that Preston clearance limit.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 43], "content_span": [44, 653]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078316-0005-0000", "contents": "1960 New York mid-air collision, Background\nDuring the investigation, United claimed the Colts Neck VOR was unreliable (pilots testified on both sides of the issue). (\"Preston\" was the point where airway V123 \u2014 the 050-radial off the Robbinsville VOR \u2014 crossed the Solberg 120-degree radial and the Colts Neck 346-degree radial.) However, the CAB final report found no problem with the Colts Neck VOR.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 43], "content_span": [44, 401]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078316-0006-0000", "contents": "1960 New York mid-air collision, Background\nThe prevailing conditions were light rain and fog (which had been preceded by snowfall).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 43], "content_span": [44, 132]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078316-0007-0000", "contents": "1960 New York mid-air collision, Collision and ground impacts\nAccording to the DC-8's FDR, the aircraft was 12 miles (19\u00a0km) off course and for 81 seconds, had descended at 3,600 feet per minute (18\u00a0m/s) while slowing from more than 400 knots to 301 knots at the time of the collision.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 61], "content_span": [62, 285]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078316-0008-0000", "contents": "1960 New York mid-air collision, Collision and ground impacts\nOne of the starboard engines on the DC-8 hit the Constellation just ahead of its wings, tearing apart that portion of the fuselage. The Constellation entered a dive, with debris continuing to fall as it disintegrated during its spiral to the ground.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 61], "content_span": [62, 311]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078316-0009-0000", "contents": "1960 New York mid-air collision, Collision and ground impacts\nThe initial impact tore the engine from its pylon on the DC-8. Having lost one engine and a large part of the right-wing, the DC-8 remained airborne for another minute and a half.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 61], "content_span": [62, 241]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078316-0010-0000", "contents": "1960 New York mid-air collision, Collision and ground impacts\nThe DC-8 crashed into the Park Slope section of Brooklyn at the intersection of Seventh Avenue and Sterling Place (), scattering wreckage and setting fire to ten brownstone apartment buildings, the Pillar of Fire Church, the McCaddin Funeral Home, a Chinese laundry, and a delicatessen. Six people on the ground were killed.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 61], "content_span": [62, 386]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078316-0011-0000", "contents": "1960 New York mid-air collision, Collision and ground impacts\nThe crash left the remains of the DC-8 pointed southeast towards a large open field at Prospect Park, blocks from its crash site. An occupant in one of the affected apartment buildings said his family survived because they happened to be in the only room of their apartment which was not destroyed. The crash left a trench covering most of the length of the middle of Sterling Place. Witnesses thought a bomb had gone off or that a building's boiler had exploded.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 61], "content_span": [62, 525]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078316-0012-0000", "contents": "1960 New York mid-air collision, Collision and ground impacts\nThe TWA plane crashed onto the northwest corner of Miller Field, at , with some sections of the aircraft landing in New York Harbor. At least one passenger fell into a tree before the wreckage hit the ground.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 61], "content_span": [62, 270]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078316-0013-0000", "contents": "1960 New York mid-air collision, Collision and ground impacts\nThere was no radio contact with traffic controllers from either plane after the collision, although LaGuardia had begun tracking an incoming, fast-moving, unidentified plane from Preston toward the LaGuardia \"Flatbush\" outer marker.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 61], "content_span": [62, 294]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078316-0014-0000", "contents": "1960 New York mid-air collision, Investigation\nThe likely cause of the accident was identified in a report by the US\u00a0Civil Aeronautics Board.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 46], "content_span": [47, 141]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078316-0015-0000", "contents": "1960 New York mid-air collision, Investigation\nUnited Flight 826 proceeded beyond its clearance limit and the confines of the airspace allocated to the flight by Air Traffic Control. A contributing factor was the high speed of the United DC-8 as it approached the Preston intersection, coupled with the change of clearance which reduced the en-route distance along Victor 123 by approximately 11 miles.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 46], "content_span": [47, 402]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078316-0016-0000", "contents": "1960 New York mid-air collision, Initial survivor\nThe only person to initially survive the crash was Stephen Baltz, an 11-year-old boy from Wilmette, Illinois. He was traveling on Flight 826 unaccompanied as part of his family's plans to spend Christmas in Yonkers with relatives. He was thrown from the plane into a snowbank where his burning clothing was extinguished. Although alive and conscious, he was badly burned and had inhaled burning fuel. He died of pneumonia the next day.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 49], "content_span": [50, 485]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078316-0017-0000", "contents": "1960 New York mid-air collision, Legacy\nIn 2010, on the 50th anniversary of the accident, a memorial to the 134 victims of the two crashes was unveiled in Green-Wood Cemetery, Brooklyn. The cemetery is the site of the common grave in which were placed the human remains that could not be identified.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 39], "content_span": [40, 299]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078316-0018-0000", "contents": "1960 New York mid-air collision, Legacy\nThe collision is covered in the first episode of the fifth season of The Weather Channel documentary series Why Planes Crash. The episode, titled \"Collision Course\", first aired in April 2013.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 39], "content_span": [40, 232]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078317-0000-0000", "contents": "1960 New York state election\nThe 1960 New York state election was held on November 8, 1960, to elect two judges of the New York Court of Appeals, as well as all members of the New York State Assembly and the New York State Senate.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [28, 28], "content_span": [29, 230]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078317-0001-0000", "contents": "1960 New York state election, Background\nIn 1959, Charles S. Desmond had been elected Chief Judge. In January 1960, Presiding Justice Sydney F. Foster, of the Appellate Division (Third Dept. ), was appointed by Governor Nelson A. Rockefeller to fill temporarily the seat vacated by Desmond.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 40], "content_span": [41, 290]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078317-0002-0000", "contents": "1960 New York state election, Background\nStanley H. Fuld had been elected to the Court of Appeals in 1946. Thus his fourteen-year term would expire at the end of 1960.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 40], "content_span": [41, 167]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078317-0003-0000", "contents": "1960 New York state election, Nominations\nThe Republican State Committee met on September 12 at Albany, New York, and re-nominated the incumbents Fuld and Foster.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 41], "content_span": [42, 162]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078317-0004-0000", "contents": "1960 New York state election, Nominations\nThe Democratic State Committee met on September 12 at Albany, New York, and endorsed the incumbent Republican Stanley H. Fuld for re-election, and nominated Supreme Court Justice Henry L. Ughetta for the other vacancy.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 41], "content_span": [42, 260]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078317-0005-0000", "contents": "1960 New York state election, Nominations\nOn September 13, the Liberal Party endorsed the Republican/Democratic nominee Fuld, and nominated Supreme Court Justice Benjamin Brenner for the other vacancy. On September 18, Brenner declined to run. On September 19, the Liberals also endorsed the other Republican nominee Foster.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 41], "content_span": [42, 324]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078318-0000-0000", "contents": "1960 New Zealand Grand Prix\nThe 1960 New Zealand Grand Prix was a motor race held at the Ardmore Circuit on 9 January 1960.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [27, 27], "content_span": [28, 123]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078319-0000-0000", "contents": "1960 New Zealand general election\nThe 1960 New Zealand general election was a nationwide vote to determine the shape of the New Zealand Parliament's 33rd term. It saw the governing Labour Party defeated by the National Party, putting an end to the short second Labour government.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [33, 33], "content_span": [34, 279]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078319-0001-0000", "contents": "1960 New Zealand general election, Background\nThe Labour Party had won the 1957 election by a narrow margin, beginning New Zealand's second period of Labour government. However, the new administration soon lost its narrow lead in public opinion, with its financial policies being the principal cause of dissatisfaction. The so-called \"Black Budget\", introduced by Arnold Nordmeyer, increased taxes substantially, with particularly large increases for alcohol and tobacco taxes; Labour became widely seen as both miserly and puritanical. The government defended its tax increases as a necessary measure to avert a balance of payments crisis, but the opposition, led by Keith Holyoake, made substantial gains out of the issue.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 45], "content_span": [46, 724]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078319-0002-0000", "contents": "1960 New Zealand general election, Background, MPs retiring in 1960\nFive National MPs and four Labour MPs intended to retire at the end of the 32nd Parliament.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 67], "content_span": [68, 159]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078319-0003-0000", "contents": "1960 New Zealand general election, The election\nThe date for the main 1960 election was 26 November. 1,310,742 people were registered to vote, and turnout was 89.8%. This turnout was slightly lower than what had been recorded in the previous elections. The number of seats being contested was 80, a number which had been fixed since 1902.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 47], "content_span": [48, 338]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078319-0004-0000", "contents": "1960 New Zealand general election, Results\nThe 1960 election saw the governing Labour Party defeated by a twelve-seat margin, having previously held a two-seat majority. National won a total of 46 seats to Labour's 34 seats, and formed the second National government. In the popular vote, National won 47.59% to Labour's 43.42%.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 42], "content_span": [43, 328]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078319-0005-0000", "contents": "1960 New Zealand general election, Results\nThe Social Credit Party won 8.62% of the vote, but no seats. Three of their candidates missed the nomination deadline, and the opening address of the party leader P. H. Matthews was not noteworthy.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 42], "content_span": [43, 240]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078319-0006-0000", "contents": "1960 New Zealand general election, Results\nThree new National members of parliament were called the Young Turks: Peter Gordon, Duncan MacIntyre and Robert Muldoon. The other new National MPs were Esme Tombleson, Bill Brown, Harry Lapwood, Logan Sloane, Bert Walker, and Dan Riddiford.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 42], "content_span": [43, 284]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078319-0007-0000", "contents": "1960 New Zealand general election, Results\nPaddy Blanchfield, Ron Bailey, Norman Douglas and George Spooner entered parliament for Labour.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 42], "content_span": [43, 138]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078319-0008-0000", "contents": "1960 New Zealand general election, Results, Votes summary\nThe table below shows the results of the 1960 general election:", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 57], "content_span": [58, 121]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078320-0000-0000", "contents": "1960 New Zealand rugby league season\nThe 1960 New Zealand rugby league season was the 53rd season of rugby league that had been played in New Zealand.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [36, 36], "content_span": [37, 150]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078320-0001-0000", "contents": "1960 New Zealand rugby league season, International competitions\nNew Zealand defeated France 2-0 at home before leaving to participate in the World Cup in Great Britain. The squad for the French series was Ron Ackland, Jock Butterfield, Mel Cooke, Neville Denton, Cyril Eastlake, Reese Griffiths, Tom Hadfield, captain Cliff Johnson, Trevor Kilkelly, Henry Maxwell, George Menzies, Keith Roberts and George P Turner.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 64], "content_span": [65, 416]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078320-0002-0000", "contents": "1960 New Zealand rugby league season, International competitions\nAt the World Cup, the Kiwis lost to Great Britain and Australia but defeated France to finish third. The team was coached by Travers Hardwick, managed by Tom Skinner and included; Ron Ackland, Jock Butterfield, Reg Cooke, Mel Cooke, Neville Denton, Cyril Eastlake, Reece Griffiths, Tom Hadfield, captain Cliff Johnson, Trevor Kilkelly, Henry Maxwell, George Menzies, Laurie Olliff, Gary Phillips, Tom Reid, Keith Roberts, William Sorensen and George Turner.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 64], "content_span": [65, 522]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078320-0003-0000", "contents": "1960 New Zealand rugby league season, International competitions\nAuckland defeated France 14-5 at Carlaw Park while Canterbury lost to the French 15-8. The Auckland team was; Jack Fagan, Neville Denton, George Turner, Cyril Eastlake, Murray Paterson, Bill Sorensen, Bill Snowden, Henry Maxwell, Jim Patterson, Nelson Johnson, Ron Ackland, Jim Riddell and Ron McKay. France also defeated Waikato 32-2, Taranaki 30-21, Wellington 41-3, the West Coast 29-5 and New Zealand M\u0101ori 23-12.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 64], "content_span": [65, 482]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078320-0004-0000", "contents": "1960 New Zealand rugby league season, National competitions, Northern Union Cup\nAuckland again held the Northern Union Cup at the end of the season. However, during the season they had lost the trophy to the West Coast 22-18 at Carlaw Park before Auckland regained it, and the Meates Cup, 19-4 in Greymouth. Auckland then defeated Canterbury 8-2.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 79], "content_span": [80, 346]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078320-0005-0000", "contents": "1960 New Zealand rugby league season, National competitions, Inter-district competition\nWhile Auckland was touring the South Island, Auckland B defeated Waikato 11-8.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 87], "content_span": [88, 166]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078320-0006-0000", "contents": "1960 New Zealand rugby league season, National competitions, Inter-district competition\nAuckland included Tom Hadfield, Neville Denton, Murray Paterson, Bill Sorensen, George Turner, Ron Ackland, Jim Patterson and Cyril Eastlake. Canterbury included captain Keith Roberts, Allen Amer, Mita Mohi, Mel Cooke, Kevin Pearce, Jim Bond, Jim Fisher and Tony Smith. The West Coast were advised by Snow Telford and included Graham Kennedy, Trevor Kilkelly and Reese Griffiths.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 87], "content_span": [88, 467]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078320-0007-0000", "contents": "1960 New Zealand rugby league season, Club competitions, Auckland\nEastern United & Southern Districts shared the Auckland Rugby League's Fox Memorial Trophy after drawing 7-all in the grand final. Eastern United also won the Rukutai Shield while Glenora won the Roope Rooster. Eastern and Glenora shared the Stormont Shield. Ron Ackland won the Rothville Trophy for Eastern as player of the year.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 65], "content_span": [66, 396]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078320-0008-0000", "contents": "1960 New Zealand rugby league season, Club competitions, Auckland\nUnder the Auckland Rugby League's \"district scheme\", which lasted until 1963, Ponsonby and Richmond combined to form \"Central Districts\", after Ponsonby had been relegated in 1959 for refusing to amalgamate. Ellerslie joined Eastern Districts and the side was re-titled \"Eastern United\". Mount Roskill and Manukau-Greenlane formed \"Midland Districts\".", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 65], "content_span": [66, 417]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078320-0009-0000", "contents": "1960 New Zealand rugby league season, Club competitions, Canterbury\nLinwood and Papanui shared the Canterbury Rugby League's Massetti Cup.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 67], "content_span": [68, 138]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078320-0010-0000", "contents": "1960 New Zealand rugby league season, Club competitions, Other Competitions\nJock Butterfield was the captain-coach of Brunner in the West Coast Rugby League competition. Greymouth Marist defeated Linwood 13-7 to win the Thacker Shield.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 75], "content_span": [76, 235]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078321-0000-0000", "contents": "1960 New Zealand rugby union tour of Australia and South Africa\nThe 1960 New Zealand rugby union tour of South Africa, was a series of rugby union match played by New Zealand national rugby union team (the All Blacks) in South Africa and Rhodesia.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 63], "section_span": [63, 63], "content_span": [64, 247]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078321-0001-0000", "contents": "1960 New Zealand rugby union tour of Australia and South Africa\nIt was a very controversial tour, because the South African authorities imposed the exclusion of Maori players from the team. This racist politicy created much controversy in New Zealand. (see Halt All Racist Tours)", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 63], "section_span": [63, 63], "content_span": [64, 279]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078321-0002-0000", "contents": "1960 New Zealand rugby union tour of Australia and South Africa, Later tours\nNew Zealand Rugby union then refused any other tour for the successive ten\u00a0years until Maori and Samoan player participation was accepted in 1970. In that occasion South African authorities, gave them the title of \"Honorary Whites\", but controversies remained. In 1976, all the African countries boycotted the Olympic Games in protest at the All Blacks' tour of South Africa.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 63], "section_span": [65, 76], "content_span": [77, 452]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078321-0003-0000", "contents": "1960 New Zealand rugby union tour of Australia and South Africa, Later tours\nThen, the 1981 Springboks' tour, was contested by a large part of New Zealand public opinion, with riots and demonstrations.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 63], "section_span": [65, 76], "content_span": [77, 201]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078321-0004-0000", "contents": "1960 New Zealand rugby union tour of Australia and South Africa, Later tours\nIn 1985 public opinion convinced NZRU to cancel another tour in South Africa. Only with the end of apartheid, in 1992 did the controversy end.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 63], "section_span": [65, 76], "content_span": [77, 219]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078321-0005-0000", "contents": "1960 New Zealand rugby union tour of Australia and South Africa, Later tours\nAlso outside the political troubles, the results of the tour wasn't good in any case for All Blacks, that lost the series with only a victory and a draw in the four-match series against the Springboks", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 63], "section_span": [65, 76], "content_span": [77, 277]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078322-0000-0000", "contents": "1960 Night Series Cup\nThe 1960 VFL Night Premiership Cup was the Victorian Football League end of season cup competition played in September of the 1960 VFL Premiership Season. This was the fifth season of the VFL Night Series. Run as a knock-out tournament, it was contested by the eight VFL teams that failed to make the 1960 VFL finals series. Games were played at the Lake Oval, Albert Park, then the home ground of South Melbourne, as it was the only ground equipped to host night games. South Melbourne went on to win the night series cup for the third time, defeating Hawthorn in the final by 13 points.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [21, 21], "content_span": [22, 610]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078322-0001-0000", "contents": "1960 Night Series Cup, External Links\nThis Australian rules football competition-related article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by .", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [23, 37], "content_span": [38, 135]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078323-0000-0000", "contents": "1960 Nippon Professional Baseball season\nThe 1960 Nippon Professional Baseball season was the eleventh season of operation of Nippon Professional Baseball (NPB).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [40, 40], "content_span": [41, 161]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078324-0000-0000", "contents": "1960 Niuean general election\nGeneral elections were held in Niue for the first time on 23 March 1960. A total of 39 candidates contested the 14 seats in the Assembly, with 2,118 voters registered. Voter turnout was 97%.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [28, 28], "content_span": [29, 219]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078324-0001-0000", "contents": "1960 Niuean general election, Background\nAs part of the 1915 Cook Islands Act, Niue was granted a 12-member Island Council with a representative appointed from each village by the Governor-General of New Zealand from candidates nominated by the Minister for the Cook Islands. The members were de facto chosen by the fono of each village, which was attended by the heads of each family.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 40], "content_span": [41, 385]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078324-0002-0000", "contents": "1960 Niuean general election, Background\nThe Cook Islands Act 1957 resulted in the legislature being renamed the Niue Island Assembly, as well as increasing its membership to 14 elected members and the Resident Commissioner as president, and providing for election by secret ballot for all Niueans aged 18 or over.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 40], "content_span": [41, 314]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078325-0000-0000", "contents": "1960 North Carolina Tar Heels football team\nThe 1960 North Carolina Tar Heels football team represented the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill during the 1960 NCAA University Division football season. The Tar Heels were led by second-year head coach Jim Hickey and played their home games at Kenan Memorial Stadium. The team competed as a member of the Atlantic Coast Conference, finishing tied for sixth.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 43], "section_span": [43, 43], "content_span": [44, 414]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078326-0000-0000", "contents": "1960 North Carolina gubernatorial election\nThe 1960 North Carolina gubernatorial election was held on November 8, 1960. Democratic nominee Terry Sanford defeated Republican nominee Robert L. Gavin with 54.45% of the vote.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 42], "section_span": [42, 42], "content_span": [43, 221]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078327-0000-0000", "contents": "1960 North Carolina lieutenant gubernatorial election\nThe 1960 North Carolina lieutenant gubernatorial election was held on November 8, 1960. Democratic nominee Harvey Cloyd Philpott defeated Republican nominee S. Clyde Eggers with 58.98% of the vote.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 53], "section_span": [53, 53], "content_span": [54, 251]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078328-0000-0000", "contents": "1960 North Dakota Fighting Sioux football team\nThe 1960 North Dakota Fighting Sioux football team, also known as the Nodaks, was an American football team that represented the University of North Dakota in the North Central Conference (NCC) during the 1960 NCAA College Division football season. In its fourth year under head coach Marvin C. Helling, the team compiled a 4\u20133\u20131 record (4\u20131 against NCC opponents), finished in third place out of seven teams in the NCC, and outscored opponents by a total of 145 to 112. The team played its home games at Memorial Stadium in Grand Forks, North Dakota.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 46], "section_span": [46, 46], "content_span": [47, 598]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078329-0000-0000", "contents": "1960 North Dakota State Bison football team\nThe 1960 North Dakota State Bison football team was an American football team that represented North Dakota State University during the 1960 NCAA College Division football season as a member of the North Central Conference. In their fourth year under head coach Bob Danielson, the team compiled a 3\u20135\u20131 record.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 43], "section_span": [43, 43], "content_span": [44, 354]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078330-0000-0000", "contents": "1960 North Dakota gubernatorial election\nThe 1960 North Dakota gubernatorial election was held on November 8, 1960. Democratic nominee William L. Guy defeated Republican nominee Clarence P. Dahl with 49.44% of the vote.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [40, 40], "content_span": [41, 219]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078331-0000-0000", "contents": "1960 North Indian Ocean cyclone season\nThe 1960 North Indian Ocean cyclone season featured two deadly tropical cyclones that killed approximately 20,000\u00a0people collectively in East Pakistan (present-day Bangladesh). The Indian subcontinent divides the North Indian Ocean into two areas: the Bay of Bengal to the east and the Arabian Sea to the west. The official Regional Specialized Meteorological Centre in this basin is the India Meteorological Department (IMD), while the Joint Typhoon Warning Center releases unofficial advisories. On average, five storms form in the North Indian Ocean every season with dual peaks in activity during May and November. Cyclones that occurred between 45\u00b0E and 100\u00b0E were included in seasonal records by the IMD.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [38, 38], "content_span": [39, 749]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078331-0001-0000", "contents": "1960 North Indian Ocean cyclone season\nFifteen depressions developed during the 1960 season, with five becoming cyclonic storms. The majority of the activity took place in the Bay of Bengal, where eleven systems formed; however, the season's first storm formed over the Arabian Sea on May\u00a010. The storm produced hurricane-force winds and attained a barometric air pressure of 974 mbar (hPa; 28.76\u00a0inHg). The deadliest and most intense cyclone of the season was Severe Cyclonic Storm Ten, which killed 14,174 in East Pakistan in early November.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [38, 38], "content_span": [39, 543]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078331-0001-0001", "contents": "1960 North Indian Ocean cyclone season\nWith peak winds estimated at 150\u00a0km/h (95\u00a0mph) and a pressure of 966.7 mbar (hPa; 28.55\u00a0inHg), it struck just three weeks after the previous system devastated the same area. The storm produced a 6.1\u00a0m (20\u00a0ft) storm tide that swept 16\u00a0km (10\u00a0mi) inland, submerging several small islands. The two storms left a combined 200,000\u2013300,000\u00a0people homeless. These systems marked the start of an unusually active period of cyclones impacting East Pakistan, culminating ten years later with the 1970 Bhola cyclone, which killed between 300,000 and 500,000\u00a0people. During the 1960 season, several depressions impacted India with heavy rainfall. Collectively, these systems killed 167\u00a0people.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [38, 38], "content_span": [39, 720]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078331-0002-0000", "contents": "1960 North Indian Ocean cyclone season, Systems, Severe Cyclonic Storm One\nOn May\u00a010, an area of low pressure was identified over the Arabian Sea roughly 400\u00a0km (250\u00a0mi) to the northwest of the Maldives. Moving northwestward, it gradually organized, becoming a depression during by the evening of May\u00a012. After turning more toward the west, the system continued to slowly deepen. On May\u00a014, the S.S. Kampala sailed into the system, encountering 55\u00a0km/h (35\u00a0mph) winds and rough seas. Over the following two days, the depression intensified into a cyclonic storm, with gale-force winds extending 150\u00a0km (90\u00a0mi) from the center.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 74], "content_span": [75, 626]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078331-0002-0001", "contents": "1960 North Indian Ocean cyclone season, Systems, Severe Cyclonic Storm One\nDuring the overnight hours of May\u00a016 through 17, the SS Mohammedi sailed almost directly into the center of the cyclone, reporting a barometric pressure of 974 mbar (hPa; 28.76\u00a0inHg) and 9.1\u00a0m (30\u00a0ft) waves. Several other vessels, such as the S.S. Saudi and S.S. Exchequer, encountered the storm. Both ships reported hurricane-force winds, and the latter endured seas as high as 15.2\u00a0m (50\u00a0ft) early on May\u00a018. Later that day, the storm weakened so rapidly the crew of the S.S. Exchequer were able to watch the pressure on their barometer actively rise. The storm continued westward, moving ashore Al Mahrah Governorate in eastern South Yemen as a severe cyclonic storm on May\u00a018, before dissipating. The next Yemeni landfall would not occur again until 2015 with Cyclone Chapala.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 74], "content_span": [75, 855]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078331-0003-0000", "contents": "1960 North Indian Ocean cyclone season, Systems, Severe Cyclonic Storm One\nAs a developing cyclone, the system brought monsoon-like moisture to much of the Maldives, Ceylon (present-day Sri Lanka), and southern India between May\u00a014 and 17. The heaviest rains fell on May\u00a017, with 190\u00a0mm (7.5\u00a0in) recorded at Cochin, India, that day.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 74], "content_span": [75, 332]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078331-0004-0000", "contents": "1960 North Indian Ocean cyclone season, Systems, Deep Depression Two\nOn May\u00a025, an upper-level low-pressure system developed over the northern Bay of Bengal. The following day, a surface low formed in association with this feature. By May\u00a027, the low further consolidated into a depression while situated 285\u00a0km (175\u00a0mi) south of Calcutta, India. Tracking northward, it intensified into a deep depression before making landfall on the Sundarbans region of West Bengal\u2014near the border of East Pakistan\u2014early on May\u00a028. Though it was classified a deep depression, stronger winds of up to 75\u00a0km/h (45\u00a0mph) were reported from Sagar Island. Based on measurements from nearby stations, it is estimated that the system attained a minimum pressure of 988\u00a0mb (hPa; 29.18\u00a0inHg) just as it moved ashore. Once inland, the system quickly weakened and accelerated northeastward. It later dissipated over Assam on May\u00a030.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 68], "content_span": [69, 906]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078331-0005-0000", "contents": "1960 North Indian Ocean cyclone season, Systems, Deep Depression Two\nThe system produced torrential rains across eastern India and East Pakistan. In Cherrapunji, 540\u00a0mm (21\u00a0in) of rain fell during a two-day span, while many other areas recorded over 100\u00a0mm (3.9\u00a0in). No rainfall data were available from West Bengal and Assam. Strong winds from the storm destroyed numerous homes in West Bengal, and at least seven people were killed.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 68], "content_span": [69, 434]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078331-0006-0000", "contents": "1960 North Indian Ocean cyclone season, Systems, Deep Depression Three\nOn June\u00a029, a trough, associated with an upper-level low, extended over the northwestern Bay of Bengal. Following a drop in sea-level pressure over the next day, a depression formed in this area. Moving slowly westward, the storm intensified into a deep depression early on July\u00a02. Shortly thereafter, the system made landfall near Angul, India, and accelerated toward the northwest. The system later dissipated on July\u00a04 over Madhya Pradesh after being absorbed back into the trough that it developed from.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 70], "content_span": [71, 578]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078331-0007-0000", "contents": "1960 North Indian Ocean cyclone season, Systems, Deep Depression Three\nWidespread heavy rains accompanied the depression along portions of the coast from Orissa to West Bengal and as far inland as Madhya. Sagar Island recorded at least 360\u00a0mm (14\u00a0in) of rain over the span of two days, while Vishakhapatnam received 300\u00a0mm (12\u00a0in) in just one. As much as 100\u00a0mm (3.9\u00a0in) of precipitation fell across Madhya Pradesh.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 70], "content_span": [71, 415]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078331-0008-0000", "contents": "1960 North Indian Ocean cyclone season, Systems, Depression Four\nOn June\u00a026, a slow-moving trough developed over Gujarat. By July\u00a02, the system developed into a shallow land depression while situated 80\u00a0km (50\u00a0mi) north of Veraval. Winds in the area were measured up to 45\u00a0km/h (30\u00a0mph); however, as the system moved offshore, winds quickly increased to 65\u00a0km/h (40\u00a0mph). Low pressures were recorded across the area, with a minimum of 990.8 mbar (hPa; 29.26\u00a0inHg) measured in Dwarka. Becoming nearly stationary off the coast of Gujarat, the depression began to interact with an approaching monsoon.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 64], "content_span": [65, 598]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078331-0008-0001", "contents": "1960 North Indian Ocean cyclone season, Systems, Depression Four\nThis interaction caused winds to increase, with two vessels reporting 75\u00a0km/h (45\u00a0mph) winds during the late morning hours of July\u00a04. Later that day, the system began moving to the northwest and quickly weakened. It was last noted the following day as a dissipating low over the northeastern Arabian Sea.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 64], "content_span": [65, 369]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078331-0009-0000", "contents": "1960 North Indian Ocean cyclone season, Systems, Depression Four\nBetween July\u00a02 and 4, heavy rains amounting to more than 300\u00a0mm (12\u00a0in) fell across much of the Saurashtra region of Gujarat. These rains triggered severe flooding that killed at least 35\u00a0people and left 6,000\u00a0others homeless. At least 500\u00a0homes were destroyed in the region.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 64], "content_span": [65, 340]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078331-0010-0000", "contents": "1960 North Indian Ocean cyclone season, Systems, Depression Five\nOn August\u00a06, a westward moving area of low pressure was identified over Burma. Initially an upper-level system, it gradually propagated to the surface, becoming a depression on August\u00a09. Tracking west-northwestward, the system crossed the Indian coastline later that day near Balasore, where a pressure of 996.1 mbar (hPa; 29.41\u00a0inHg) was measured. Sustained winds reached just 30\u00a0km/h (20\u00a0mph). Once onshore, the depression degenerated into a remnant low on August\u00a010. The remnants continued northwestward, ultimately merging with a trough over Uttar Pradesh on August\u00a012.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 64], "content_span": [65, 638]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078331-0011-0000", "contents": "1960 North Indian Ocean cyclone season, Systems, Depression Five\nThe depression dropped heavy rains over parts of India between August\u00a08 and August\u00a014. The highest totals were recorded on August\u00a014 when 240\u00a0mm (9.4\u00a0in) of rain fell in Jhansi. Significant flooding took place along the Ganges River as a result of the rains. Forty villages along the river near Fatehgarh were inundated.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 64], "content_span": [65, 385]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078331-0012-0000", "contents": "1960 North Indian Ocean cyclone season, Systems, Deep Depression Six\nAs the previous depression dissipated over India, a new circulation developed over the Bay of Bengal on August\u00a012. This system quickly became a depression. Moving slowly northwestward, it became a deep depression on August\u00a014 before making landfall in the Sundarbans region. Winds up to 45\u00a0km/h (30\u00a0mph) were reported in Sandheads. Once onshore, it turned westward and slowed while maintaining its intensity. The system finally weakened on August\u00a018 as it resumed moving northwestward again, and two days later it dissipated over southeastern Rajasthan.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 68], "content_span": [69, 622]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078331-0013-0000", "contents": "1960 North Indian Ocean cyclone season, Systems, Deep Depression Six\nLarge portions of India were affected by rains from the depression, with Orissa and Madhya receiving the heaviest rains. According to Prime Minister Jawaharlal Nehru, up to 1,000\u00a0mm (40\u00a0in) of rain fell across portions of Orissa. The tremendous precipitation triggered disastrous floods that killed at least 65\u00a0people. Continued rains over the next two weeks exacerbated the situation and by August\u00a030, an estimated 2.5\u00a0million people were homeless. Most affected were areas around the Mahanadi River and its tributaries where flood waters reached 3.7\u00a0m (12\u00a0ft) in depth. At least 85\u00a0villages were reportedly destroyed. Orissa government officials described the disaster as \"the worst in living memory.\" Rail lines and roads were severely damaged across the state, hampering initial relief efforts. A total of 1.87\u00a0million acres of crops were flooded and overall damage amounted to \u20b9112\u00a0million.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 68], "content_span": [69, 964]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078331-0014-0000", "contents": "1960 North Indian Ocean cyclone season, Systems, Depression Seven\nOn August\u00a020, a wave of low pressure formed over Burma. Moving westwards, this upper-level system triggered the development of a surface low two days later over the Bay of Bengal. Turning northwestward, the low consolidated into a depression by August\u00a024 before making landfall in the Sundarbans region later that day. Once onshore, the depression degenerated into a remnant low; the remnants persisted until August\u00a028 when they were absorbed into a trough over Rajasthan Pradesh.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 65], "content_span": [66, 546]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078331-0015-0000", "contents": "1960 North Indian Ocean cyclone season, Systems, Depression Seven\nHeavy rains affected much of Bihar, Madhya Pradesh, Punjab, and Uttar Pradesh. The highest daily precipitation total was measured in Ghatsila at 190\u00a0mm (7.5\u00a0in). These rains triggered severe flooding along the Beas, Ganges, Jamuna, and Sutlej rivers. Large areas of Uttar Pradesh were left submerged, and significant crop and property damage took place in Punjab. At least 55\u00a0people were killed in Punjab alone, and losses overall amounted to $9.24\u00a0million (1960\u00a0USD).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 65], "content_span": [66, 534]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078331-0016-0000", "contents": "1960 North Indian Ocean cyclone season, Systems, Deep Depression Eight\nOn September\u00a022, an area of low pressure was identified over the Andaman Sea. Tracking northwestward, the system consolidated into a depression two days later over the Bay of Bengal. During the evening of September\u00a024, it further strengthened to a deep depression, with winds of 55\u00a0km/h (35\u00a0mph). Early the next day it made landfall in Orissa between Balasore and Chandabali. Once onshore, the system slowed and turned northeastward. It later dissipated over Nepal on September\u00a028 as it interacted with the Himalayas.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 70], "content_span": [71, 588]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078331-0017-0000", "contents": "1960 North Indian Ocean cyclone season, Systems, Deep Depression Eight\nHeavy rains accompanying the depression affected much of Bihar, Orissa, and West Bengal. Many areas recorded more than 200\u00a0mm (7.9\u00a0in) during a four-day span; the highest single-day total was 270\u00a0mm (11\u00a0in) in Bahadurganj.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 70], "content_span": [71, 293]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078331-0018-0000", "contents": "1960 North Indian Ocean cyclone season, Systems, Severe Cyclonic Storm Nine\nIn late September, a tropical storm developed over the South China Sea. Striking South Vietnam, the storm slowly moved over Indochina, ultimately crossing 100\u00b0E and entering the basin on October\u00a05 while over Thailand. After crossing southern Burma, the low moved northwestward over the Bay of Bengal and reorganized. Following a report of 45\u00a0km/h (30\u00a0mph) winds from the S.S. Glenpark on October\u00a08, the system was classified as a depression. Moving slowly northwestwards, the system further deepened into a cyclonic storm on October\u00a09. Several ships in the path of the storm recorded gale-force winds, depicting its strengthening.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 75], "content_span": [76, 706]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078331-0018-0001", "contents": "1960 North Indian Ocean cyclone season, Systems, Severe Cyclonic Storm Nine\nEarly on October\u00a010, it became a severe cyclonic storm and soon reached its peak intensity with winds of 110\u00a0km/h (70\u00a0mph). Its central pressure at this time was estimated to be 986 mbar (hPa; 29.12\u00a0inHg). The National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) estimated that the storm attained one-minute sustained winds of 155\u00a0km/h (95\u00a0mph). Turning northeastward, the system made landfall between Barisal and Noakhali in East Pakistan, with the eye passing directly over the islands of Bhola, Hatia, and Ramgati. Once onshore, the system quickly weakened and ultimately dissipated over Assam early on October\u00a012.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 75], "content_span": [76, 695]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078331-0019-0000", "contents": "1960 North Indian Ocean cyclone season, Systems, Severe Cyclonic Storm Nine\nAcross coastal areas of East Pakistan, the storm wrought catastrophic damage. A 5.8\u00a0m (19\u00a0ft) tidal surge washed over the islands of Hatia, Sandwip, Kutubdia. Communications across the region were crippled, and it took six days for word of the scale of damage to reach officials. Entire villages were reportedly wiped out by the storm. Approximately 35,000\u00a0homes were destroyed, most of which were thatched huts made of bamboo and mud. About 300 schools were also damaged. The worst damage took place on Ramgati Island where 3,500\u00a0people were killed.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 75], "content_span": [76, 626]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078331-0019-0001", "contents": "1960 North Indian Ocean cyclone season, Systems, Severe Cyclonic Storm Nine\nRoughly 95\u00a0percent of the island's structure were destroyed, forcing residents to cling to trees for survival. Only two police officers survived and were able to inform government officials of the disaster. An estimated 6,000\u00a0people perished while another 100,000\u00a0were left homeless. Heavy rain accompanied the storm, with Cox's Bazar reporting 180\u00a0mm (7.1\u00a0in). Relief efforts in the wake of the storm were hampered by the nation's poor infrastructure and debris left behind. On October\u00a018, members of the East Pakistani military were deployed to the hardest hit areas to provide stable communication and clean drinking water.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 75], "content_span": [76, 702]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078331-0020-0000", "contents": "1960 North Indian Ocean cyclone season, Systems, Severe Cyclonic Storm Ten\nOn October\u00a026, a trough formed over the south Andaman Sea and extended into the southern Bay of Bengal. By October\u00a028, the system consolidated into a depression as it moved northwestward. Steadily intensifying, several ships encountered the storms increasing winds as it moved northward in the Bay. On October\u00a030, it attained gale-force winds and further became a severe cyclonic storm early the next morning. During the evening of October\u00a031, the IST Barisal recorded winds of 130\u00a0km/h (80\u00a0mph), indicating that the system had acquired a core of hurricane-force winds.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 74], "content_span": [75, 644]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078331-0020-0001", "contents": "1960 North Indian Ocean cyclone season, Systems, Severe Cyclonic Storm Ten\nThe maximum winds of this system is unknown, though reports indicated that winds peaked between 150\u00a0and 215\u00a0km/h (90\u00a0and 135\u00a0mph). NOAA estimated that the storm peaked with one-minute sustained winds of 195\u00a0km/h (120\u00a0mph) and a pressure of 966.7 mbar (hPa; 28.55\u00a0inHg). The storm soon made landfall with great intensity near Noakhali, East Pakistan, just three weeks after the previous storm devastated the country. Once onshore, cold, dry air quickly wrapped around the backside of the cyclone. Within four hours of landfall, little rainfall was reported near the storm's eye. The cyclone rapidly weakened and dissipated the following day over the Lushai Hills.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 74], "content_span": [75, 737]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078331-0021-0000", "contents": "1960 North Indian Ocean cyclone season, Systems, Severe Cyclonic Storm Ten\nStriking East Pakistan as a powerful storm, the system produced a storm tide of 6.1\u00a0m (20\u00a0ft) that moved 16\u00a0km (10\u00a0mi) inland, devastating many communities. A storm surge of 6.7\u00a0m (22\u00a0ft) was measured in Halishahar. In addition to the surge, there was a series of tidal waves that followed the storm, causing additional damage. Offshore, these waves were estimated at 12.2\u00a0m (40\u00a0ft); though they significantly decreased before impacting land. Chittagong and surrounding communities were regarded as the hardest hit, with most being submerged in 3\u00a0m (10\u00a0ft) of water.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 74], "content_span": [75, 641]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078331-0021-0001", "contents": "1960 North Indian Ocean cyclone season, Systems, Severe Cyclonic Storm Ten\nThe city's port was largely destroyed, with almost every vessel washed ashore. Some were found 16\u00a0km (10\u00a0mi) away and one even at another port. The storm's intense winds, estimated as high as 240\u00a0km/h (150\u00a0mph) on Sandwip Island, leveled buildings and scattered debris over large distances. Crops were flattened by the storm and in some instances had been \"burnt\" by the sheer force of the wind. A total of 14,174\u00a0people perished in the storm while another 200,000\u00a0were left homeless. Following the mass casualties from the two storms, the Government of Pakistan requested the assistance of former National Hurricane Center director, Gordon E. Dunn, to improve the warning system.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 74], "content_span": [75, 755]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078331-0022-0000", "contents": "1960 North Indian Ocean cyclone season, Systems, Depression Eleven\nOn November\u00a05, an area of low pressure was identified over Lakshadweep. Tracking generally northwestward, it gradually organized into a depression by November\u00a07. No further development took place over the following days and the system eventually degraded into a remnant low on November\u00a010. Though the storm itself did not impact land, associated moisture combined with a low over the Bay of Bengal to produce heavy rains across Madras State and nearby islands from November\u00a05 to 10.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 66], "content_span": [67, 549]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078331-0023-0000", "contents": "1960 North Indian Ocean cyclone season, Systems, Shallow Depression Twelve\nOn November\u00a07, an area of low pressure over the Bay of Bengal formed and gradually moved towards India. By November\u00a09, it was located just of the Coromandel Coast. The following day, it deepened into a depression while situated off the northern edge of Ceylon. Becoming nearly stationary, the system failed to develop and soon weakened into a remnant low. The low dissipated early on November\u00a012. Heavy rains fell across much of Madras State in association with the system; a 24\u2011hour total of 240\u00a0mm (9.4\u00a0in) was reported in Nagapattinam. These rains triggered significant flooding that disrupted travel and communications. Severe damage took place in Madurai where 10,000\u00a0people were left homeless. Overall, five people were killed and 150,000\u00a0were left homeless.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 74], "content_span": [75, 839]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078331-0024-0000", "contents": "1960 North Indian Ocean cyclone season, Systems, Cyclonic Storm Thirteen\nOn November\u00a014, an area of low pressure formed to the west of Lakshadweep. Tracking generally westward, it eventually developed into a depression three days later. Gradual intensification took place over the following two days, with the system becoming a cyclonic storm on November\u00a019. On November\u00a020, the system attained its peak intensity with winds of 75\u00a0km/h (45\u00a0mph) and a minimum pressure of 994 mbar (hPa; 29.35\u00a0inHg). Continuing westward, the cyclone entered the Gulf of Aden on November\u00a022 before becoming nearly stationary. During this time, it weakened to a depression before dissipating the following day.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 72], "content_span": [73, 690]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078331-0025-0000", "contents": "1960 North Indian Ocean cyclone season, Systems, Cyclonic Storm Fourteen\nA well-defined area of low pressure was identified over the southwestern Bay of Bengal on November\u00a017. The following day, the system developed into a depression as it moved slowly northwestward. On November\u00a020, as it neared the coast of Tamil Nadu, it intensified into a cyclonic storm, with gusts estimated as high as 135\u00a0km/h (84\u00a0mph). Shortly thereafter, it made landfall near Chennai. In nearby Tambaram, a pressure of 995.7 mbar (hPa; 29.40\u00a0inHg) was recorded, the lowest in relation to the cyclone. A small storm, it quickly weakened once onshore and was last noted early on November\u00a021 as a dissipating low.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 72], "content_span": [73, 687]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078331-0026-0000", "contents": "1960 North Indian Ocean cyclone season, Systems, Cyclonic Storm Fourteen\nHeavy rains impacted most of southern Madras State, with a maximum daily total of 110\u00a0mm (4.3\u00a0in) in Punalur. The most significant damage took place in Madras City where gale-force winds uprooted trees and disrupted transport and communications. Many poorly constructed homes were damaged or destroyed by the storm, leaving numerous low-income families homeless.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 72], "content_span": [73, 435]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078331-0027-0000", "contents": "1960 North Indian Ocean cyclone season, Systems, Depression Fifteen\nOn November\u00a024, the SS Rajula sailed under a well-defined trough over the southwest Bay of Bengal and reported 55\u00a0km/h (35\u00a0mph) winds. Two days later, a tropical wave interacted with the system and resulted in the development of a depression. Over the following several days, the system drifted northwestward without change in intensity. By December\u00a03, it degenerated into a remnant low, ultimately tracking over southern India, near Circars, on December\u00a04 before dissipating. The system brought locally heavy rains to parts of the Andaman Islands and Andhra Pradesh.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 67], "content_span": [68, 635]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078331-0028-0000", "contents": "1960 North Indian Ocean cyclone season, Season effects\nThis is a table of all storms in the 1960 North Indian Ocean cyclone season. It mentions all of the season's storms and their names, durations, peak intensities (according to the IMD storm scale), areas affected, damages, and death totals. Damage and death totals include the damage and deaths caused when that storm was a precursor wave or extratropical low, and all of the damage figures are in 1960 USD.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 54], "content_span": [55, 461]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078332-0000-0000", "contents": "1960 North Vietnamese legislative election\nParliamentary elections were held in North Vietnam on 8 May 1960. Only candidates representing the Vietnamese Fatherland Front (an alliance of the Vietnamese Workers' Party together with various bloc parties and satellite organisations) contested the election, whilst an additional 59 seats were reserved for deputies elected in what became South Vietnam in 1946. Voter turnout was reported to be 99.9%.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 42], "section_span": [42, 42], "content_span": [43, 446]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078333-0000-0000", "contents": "1960 Northeast Louisiana State Indians football team\nThe 1960 Northeast Louisiana State Indians football team was an American football team that represented Northeast Louisiana State College (now known as the University of Louisiana at Monroe) in the Gulf States Conference during the 1960 NCAA College Division football season. In their third year under head coach Jack C. Rowan, the team compiled a 3\u20137 record.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 52], "section_span": [52, 52], "content_span": [53, 412]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078334-0000-0000", "contents": "1960 Northern Illinois Huskies football team\nThe 1960 Northern Illinois Huskies football team represented Northern Illinois University in the 1960 NCAA College Division football season. The Huskies competed in the Interstate Intercollegiate Athletic Conference (IIAC). They were led by fifth-year head coach Howard Fletcher and played their home games at the 5,500-seat Glidden Field, located on the east end of campus.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [44, 44], "content_span": [45, 419]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078335-0000-0000", "contents": "1960 Northwest Territories general election\nThe 1960 Northwest Territories general election took place on September 19, 1960.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 43], "section_span": [43, 43], "content_span": [44, 125]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078335-0001-0000", "contents": "1960 Northwest Territories general election\nIn this election three members of the general public were randomly chosen and appointed to the council.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 43], "section_span": [43, 43], "content_span": [44, 147]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078336-0000-0000", "contents": "1960 Northwestern Wildcats football team\nThe 1960 Northwestern Wildcats team represented Northwestern University during the 1960 Big Ten Conference football season. In their sixth year under head coach Ara Parseghian, the Wildcats compiled a 5\u20134 record (3\u20134 against Big Ten Conference opponents) and finished in a four-way tie for fifth place in the Big Ten Conference.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [40, 40], "content_span": [41, 369]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078336-0001-0000", "contents": "1960 Northwestern Wildcats football team\nThe team's offensive leaders were Dick Thornton with 901 passing yards, Mike Stock with 536 rushing yards, and Elbert Kimbrough with 378 receiving yards.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [40, 40], "content_span": [41, 194]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078337-0000-0000", "contents": "1960 Norwegian Football Cup\nThe 1960 Norwegian Football Cup was the 55th season of the Norwegian annual knockout football tournament. The tournament was open for all members of NFF, except those from Northern Norway. Viking was the defending champions, but was eliminated by the second tier team Freidig in the fourth round.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [27, 27], "content_span": [28, 324]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078337-0001-0000", "contents": "1960 Norwegian Football Cup\nThe final was contested by the eleven-time former winners Odd and the second-tier team Rosenborg who made their debut in the Norwegian Cup final. This year's final needed a rematch to decide a winner, as the first match ended with a 3\u20133 draw. The result after full time in the second match was 1\u20131, but after extra time Rosenborg had won 3-2 and could celebrate the clubs first Norwegian Cup trophy.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [27, 27], "content_span": [28, 427]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078338-0000-0000", "contents": "1960 Notre Dame Fighting Irish football team\nThe 1960 Notre Dame Fighting Irish football team represented the University of Notre Dame during the 1960 NCAA University Division football season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [44, 44], "content_span": [45, 192]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078339-0000-0000", "contents": "1960 Nova Scotia general election\nThe 1960 Nova Scotia general election was held on 7 June 1960 to elect members of the 47th House of Assembly of the Province of Nova Scotia, Canada. It was won by the Progressive Conservatives.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [33, 33], "content_span": [34, 227]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078339-0001-0000", "contents": "1960 Nova Scotia general election, Further reading\nThis Nova Scotia\u2013related article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by .", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 50], "content_span": [51, 122]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078339-0002-0000", "contents": "1960 Nova Scotia general election, Further reading\nThis elections in Canada-related article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by .", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 50], "content_span": [51, 130]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078340-0000-0000", "contents": "1960 Oakland Raiders season\nThe 1960 Oakland Raiders season was the inaugural one for the franchise and for the American Football League (AFL). Head coach Eddie Erdelatz led the team to a 6\u20138 finish, third out of four teams in the Western Division.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [27, 27], "content_span": [28, 248]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078340-0001-0000", "contents": "1960 Oakland Raiders season, Offseason\nThe Raiders were the last of the AFL's original eight teams to be accepted into the new league. As a result of the Minnesota franchise's defection to the NFL, Oakland was awarded the eighth AFL franchise on January 30, 1960. It was not until February 9 that the team named its first head coach, Eddie Erdelatz. Erdelatz, who had most recently coached the football team at Texas A&M University, had success as head coach of the United States Naval Academy during the 1950s.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 38], "content_span": [39, 511]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078340-0002-0000", "contents": "1960 Oakland Raiders season, Offseason\nWhen the University of California refused to let the Raiders play home games at Memorial Stadium in Berkeley, they chose Kezar Stadium (also home to the NFL's 49ers) in San Francisco as their home field.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 38], "content_span": [39, 242]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078340-0003-0000", "contents": "1960 Oakland Raiders season, Offseason, 1960 AFL draft\nThe Raiders inherited the draft picks of the Minneapolis franchise. Among the most notable picks was center Jim Otto, who would be a fixture at the position for 15 years and was selected to the Pro Football Hall of Fame in 1980.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 54], "content_span": [55, 283]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078340-0004-0000", "contents": "1960 Oakland Raiders season, Team leaders\nTom Flores \u2013 1,738 yds., 12 TD, 12 INT, 71.8 rating", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 41], "content_span": [42, 93]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078340-0005-0000", "contents": "1960 Oakland Raiders season, Regular season\nOver the course of a fourteen-game regular season schedule, the Raiders faced each of the other seven AFL teams twice. The AFL had no playoff rounds, only a championship game between the league's two division winners, so Oakland's third-place finish was not enough to qualify.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 43], "content_span": [44, 320]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078340-0006-0000", "contents": "1960 Oakland Raiders season, Season schedule, Final standings\nNote: Tie games were not officially counted in the standings until 1972.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 61], "content_span": [62, 134]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078340-0007-0000", "contents": "1960 Oakland Raiders season, Game summaries, Week 1: vs. Houston Oilers\nThe Raiders' first-ever regular season game was played on September 11, 1960, at home against the Houston Oilers. The Oilers took an early lead after a 43-yard pass from George Blanda to Charlie Hennigan. The Raiders evened the score in the second quarter when Tom Flores connected with Tony Teresa for a 13-yard pass. Oakland took the lead after Ed Macon intercepted a Blanda pass and ran 42 yards for a touchdown, but the Oilers scored 23 points to take a 30\u201315 lead. Flores found Jack Larscheid for a 46-yard scoring pass in the fourth quarter, but it was not nearly enough.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 71], "content_span": [72, 649]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078340-0008-0000", "contents": "1960 Oakland Raiders season, Game summaries, Week 2: vs. Dallas Texans\nThe Raiders lost their second consecutive game in a Friday night matchup against Hank Stram's Dallas Texans. The Texans jumped out to an early 10\u20130 lead after a field goal and a touchdown pass from Cotton Davidson to Max Boydston. Oakland responded with 26-yard touchdown pass from Babe Parilli to Tony Teresa. The Texans' Jack Spikes ran for a 15-yard score in the second quarter, and Oakland responded with a field goal. After scoring a third-quarter field goal, Dallas pulled away with two touchdowns (rushing and receiving) from Johnny Robinson.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 70], "content_span": [71, 620]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078340-0009-0000", "contents": "1960 Oakland Raiders season, Game summaries, Week 3: at Houston Oilers\nOakland recorded its first-ever victory in a Week 3 rematch against the eventual league champion Oilers. J.D. Smith ran for a 3-yard score to post the Raiders to an early 7\u20130 lead. The Oilers tied and then overtook the Raiders on the strength of a touchdown pass and two field goals by George Blanda. In the final period, Tom Flores found tight end Gene Prebola for a 14-yard touchdown, which was enough for the win.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 70], "content_span": [71, 487]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078340-0010-0000", "contents": "1960 Oakland Raiders season, Game summaries, Week 4: at Denver Broncos\nIn the inaugural game of what would become one of football's most intense rivalries, Frank Filchock's Denver Broncos easily defeated the Raiders on the strength of a 21-point outburst in the second quarter. Denver opened the scoring with a short first-quarter field goal, but Oakland took the lead after a 1-yard touchdown run by J.D. Smith. In the second period, a pair of touchdown strikes from Frank Tripucka to Lionel Taylor gave Denver a 17\u20137 lead. Bill Yelverton intercepted an Oakland pass and returned it 20 yards for a touchdown, giving Denver a 24\u20137 lead at halftime. A 2-yard touchdown run by Billy Lott capped the scoring for the Raiders.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 70], "content_span": [71, 721]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078340-0011-0000", "contents": "1960 Oakland Raiders season, Game summaries, Week 5: at Dallas Texans\nThe Raiders improved to 2\u20133 in front of 21,000 at the Cotton Bowl. After a scoreless first quarter, the Texans' David Webster scored on an 80-yard interception return. The Raiders responded with three consecutive touchdowns, including a 98-yard kickoff return by J.D. Smith. Al Goldstein recorded receiving and rushing touchdowns in the third quarter. The Texans mounted a fourth-quarter comeback, but fell short when a two-point conversion attempt failed.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 69], "content_span": [70, 526]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078340-0012-0000", "contents": "1960 Oakland Raiders season, Game summaries, Week 7: at Buffalo Bills\nIn Week 7, the Raiders suffered their most lopsided loss of the season and fell to 3\u20134. The Bills dominated thanks to four touchdown passes and a touchdown run by Johnny Green. Oakland managed just one offensive score, a 1-yard touchdown run by J.D. Smith in the second quarter. Oakland recorded the first safety in team history in the fourth quarter when a Buffalo snap went out of the end zone.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 69], "content_span": [70, 466]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078340-0013-0000", "contents": "1960 Oakland Raiders season, Game summaries, Week 8: at New York Titans\nOakland evened their record at 4\u20134 in a Friday night contest against the New York Titans. The two teams combined for 35 points in the first half, including a pair of touchdown passes each from Tom Flores and the Titans' Al Dorow. New York entered the fourth quarter with a 24\u201314 lead, but a pair of J.D. Smith rushing touchdowns gave Oakland the narrow win.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 71], "content_span": [72, 429]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078340-0014-0000", "contents": "1960 Oakland Raiders season, Game summaries, Week 9: at Boston Patriots\nBoston avenged a Week 6 loss in a high-scoring Friday night game at Nickerson Field. Oakland's Tony Teresa ran for three touchdowns, including a pair in the fourth quarter. Quarterback Tom Flores ran for an 8-yard touchdown in the third quarter.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 71], "content_span": [72, 317]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078340-0015-0000", "contents": "1960 Oakland Raiders season, Game summaries, Week 10: vs. Buffalo Bills\nThe Raiders rebounded from the previous week's defeat by holding the Bills to just one touchdown. The offensive highlight for Oakland was an 83-yard touchdown run by Tony Teresa in the third quarter.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 71], "content_span": [72, 271]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078340-0016-0000", "contents": "1960 Oakland Raiders season, Game summaries, Week 12: at Los Angeles Chargers\nAfter a Week 11 bye, the Raiders met Sid Gillman's Los Angeles Chargers for the first time on November 27, 1960. The eventual Western Division champion Chargers piled up 31 points by halftime, led by quarterback Jack Kemp. Kemp passed for two touchdowns in the first half, and ran for another. Oakland got short touchdown runs by J.D. Smith and Billy Lott. Tom Flores and Babe Parilli passed for touchdowns.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 77], "content_span": [78, 485]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078340-0017-0000", "contents": "1960 Oakland Raiders season, Game summaries, Week 13: vs. Los Angeles Chargers\nThe Chargers continued their offensive deluge against the Raiders in Week 13, erupting for 27 points in the fourth quarter. Billy Lott ran for a touchdown in the second quarter; Charlie Hardy caught an 11-yard pass from Tom Flores in the same period.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 78], "content_span": [79, 329]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078340-0018-0000", "contents": "1960 Oakland Raiders season, Game summaries, Week 14: vs. New York Titans\nThe Raiders dropped their third consecutive contest, as the Titans evened the season series. Oakland took a 28\u201324 lead in the fourth quarter After Tom Flores found Tony Teresa for 3-yard touchdown pass, but the Titans got the margin of victory when Al Dorow connected with Dewey Bohling for a 17-yard touchdown pass.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 73], "content_span": [74, 390]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078340-0019-0000", "contents": "1960 Oakland Raiders season, Game summaries, Week 15: vs. Denver Broncos\nOn Saturday, December 17, 1960, the Raiders ended their inaugural campaign on a high note by easily defeating the Broncos. The two squads traded field goals in the first quarter, but Oakland entered halftime with a 17\u201310 lead on the strength of touchdown runs by Tom Flores and Tony Teresa. Denver's lone touchdown was a 6-yard pass from Frank Tripucka to Lionel Taylor in the second quarter. After that, Oakland scored 38 unanswered points, including 31 in the final period. Babe Parilli passed for two scores in his final game as a Raider.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 72], "content_span": [73, 614]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078341-0000-0000", "contents": "1960 Ohio Bobcats football team\nThe 1960 Ohio Bobcats football team was an American football team that represented Ohio University during the 1960 NCAA College Division football season. In their third season under head coach Bill Hess, the Bobcats won the Mid-American Conference (MAC) championship, compiled a perfect 10\u20130 record (6\u20130 against MAC opponents), shut out five of ten opponents, and outscored all opponents by a combined total of 269 to 34.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [31, 31], "content_span": [32, 453]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078341-0001-0000", "contents": "1960 Ohio Bobcats football team\nThe Bobcats also won the NCAA College Division national championship. They were ranked No. 1 in the final UPI small college poll with 348 points, ahead of Lenoir\u2013Rhyne by more than 100 points.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [31, 31], "content_span": [32, 224]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078341-0002-0000", "contents": "1960 Ohio Bobcats football team\nThe highlight of the season was a November 12 victory over defending national champion Bowling Green. The victory snapped Bowling Green's 18-game winning streak. The Bobcats also defeated the No. 8 Miami Redskins, snapping an 18-year jinx in the annual Battle of the Bricks rivalry game.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [31, 31], "content_span": [32, 319]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078342-0000-0000", "contents": "1960 Ohio State Buckeyes football team\nThe 1960 Ohio State Buckeyes football team represented the Ohio State University in the 1960 Big Ten Conference football season. The Buckeyes compiled a 7\u20132 record.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [38, 38], "content_span": [39, 203]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078343-0000-0000", "contents": "1960 Oklahoma Sooners football team\nThe 1960 Oklahoma Sooners football team represented the University of Oklahoma during the 1960 NCAA University Division football season. They played their home games at Oklahoma Memorial Stadium and competed as members of the Big Eight Conference. They were coached by head coach Bud Wilkinson.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [35, 35], "content_span": [36, 330]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078343-0001-0000", "contents": "1960 Oklahoma Sooners football team, Postseason, NFL draft\nThe following players were drafted into the National Football League following the season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 58], "content_span": [59, 149]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078344-0000-0000", "contents": "1960 Oklahoma State Cowboys baseball team\nThe 1960 Oklahoma State Cowboys baseball team represented the Oklahoma State University in the 1960 NCAA University Division baseball season. The team was coached by Toby Greene in his 17th year at Oklahoma State.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 41], "section_span": [41, 41], "content_span": [42, 255]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078344-0001-0000", "contents": "1960 Oklahoma State Cowboys baseball team\nThe Cowboys were named the District V champions and advanced to the College World Series, where they were defeated by the Minnesota Golden Gophers.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 41], "section_span": [41, 41], "content_span": [42, 189]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078345-0000-0000", "contents": "1960 Oklahoma State Cowboys football team\nThe 1960 Oklahoma State Cowboys football team represented Oklahoma State University\u2013Stillwater during the 1960 NCAA University Division football season. The 1960 season was Oklahoma State's first as a member of the Big Eight Conference. In their sixth season under head coach Cliff Speegle, the Cowboys compiled a 3\u20137 record (2\u20135 against conference opponents), tied for sixth place in the conference, and were outscored by opponents by a combined total of 126 to 102.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 41], "section_span": [41, 41], "content_span": [42, 509]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078345-0001-0000", "contents": "1960 Oklahoma State Cowboys football team\nOn offense, the 1960 team averaged 10.2 points scored, 186.2 rushing yards, and 26.0 passing yards per game. On defense, the team allowed an average of 12.6 points scored, 196.4 rushing yards, and 64.0 passing yards per game The team's statistical leaders included Jim Dillard with 631 rushing yards and 20 points scored, Jim Elliott with 90 passing yards, and Tommy Jackson with 110 receiving yards.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 41], "section_span": [41, 41], "content_span": [42, 442]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078345-0002-0000", "contents": "1960 Oklahoma State Cowboys football team\nTackle Harold Beaty was selected as a first-team All-Big Eight Conference player.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 41], "section_span": [41, 41], "content_span": [42, 123]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078345-0003-0000", "contents": "1960 Oklahoma State Cowboys football team\nThe team played its home games at Lewis Field in Stillwater, Oklahoma.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 41], "section_span": [41, 41], "content_span": [42, 112]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078345-0004-0000", "contents": "1960 Oklahoma State Cowboys football team, After the season\nThe 1961 NFL Draft was held on December 27\u201328, 1960. The following Cowboys were selected.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 41], "section_span": [43, 59], "content_span": [60, 149]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078346-0000-0000", "contents": "1960 Ole Miss Rebels football team\nThe 1960 Ole Miss Rebels football team represented the University of Mississippi during the 1960 NCAA University Division football season. The Rebels were named national champions by the Football Writers Association of America. While Ole Miss claims a share of two other national titles (both retroactive picks), this is the only time that Ole Miss has been named as national champion by one of the NCAA's recognized major selectors, and hence the school's only national championship acknowledged by the NCAA and the college football community at large. Ole Miss has never finished a season #1 in the AP or Coaches Poll.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [34, 34], "content_span": [35, 655]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078346-0001-0000", "contents": "1960 Ole Miss Rebels football team\nMinnesota was crowned as national champion by both major polls before the bowl games; the major media polls would not wait until after the bowls to crown a national champion until 1965. The Rebels were the only major-conference team in the nation that finished the season undefeated on the field (Missouri subsequently was credited with an undefeated season when its lone loss to Kansas was erased by forfeit).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [34, 34], "content_span": [35, 445]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078346-0002-0000", "contents": "1960 Ole Miss Rebels football team, Schedule\nIn the Egg Bowl, Ole Miss beat Mississippi State, 35\u20139. Ole Miss held the lead in the series with 29 wins, 24 losses and 4 ties. In the Magnolia Bowl, Ole Miss tied LSU, 6\u20136. LSU held the lead in the series with 27 wins, 20 losses, and 2 ties.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [36, 44], "content_span": [45, 288]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078347-0000-0000", "contents": "1960 Open Championship\nThe 1960 Open Championship was the 89th Open Championship, played 6\u20139 July at the Old Course in St Andrews, Scotland. In the centenary year of the Open Championship, Kel Nagle prevailed over Arnold Palmer by a single stroke; this year marked the championship's re-emergence as a major stop for American players.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [22, 22], "content_span": [23, 334]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078347-0001-0000", "contents": "1960 Open Championship\nThe total prize money was increased by forty percent, from \u00a35,000 to \u00a37,000. The winner's share was increased to \u00a31,250 with \u00a3900 for second, \u00a3700 for third, \u00a3500 for fourth, \u00a3400 for fifth, \u00a3300 for sixth, \u00a3250 for seventh, \u00a3200 for eighth, \u00a3150 for ninth, and \u00a3130 for tenth. The next fifteen places each received \u00a360 with \u00a350 for next seven and then \u00a340 for the next eighteen. The \u00a350 prize for winning the qualification event was unchanged while the four prizes for the lowest score in each round were increased to \u00a350. For the centenary event there was a special prize for the winner in the form of a replica of the claret jug.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [22, 22], "content_span": [23, 655]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078347-0002-0000", "contents": "1960 Open Championship\nQualifying took place on 4\u20135 July, Monday and Tuesday, with 18 holes on the Old Course and 18 holes on the New Course. A maximum of 100 players could qualify. Gary Player led the qualifiers as medalist at  135, and the qualifying score was 147 and 74 players qualified; 28 players on 148 were not included. Dick Metz, who had won the World Senior Golf Championship at Gleneagles on 3 July, was one of those on 148 who just failed to qualify.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [22, 22], "content_span": [23, 464]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078347-0003-0000", "contents": "1960 Open Championship\nRoberto De Vicenzo opened the tournament proper with consecutive rounds of 67 on Wednesday and Thursday to take a two-stroke lead over Nagle. In the third round, De Vicenzo's drive on the 14th ended up on top of a wall and he finished the round with a score of 75, allowing Nagle to take a two-shot lead. Palmer, who had won the U.S. Open three weeks earlier by erasing a seven-shot deficit in the final round, was four back after 54-holes.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [22, 22], "content_span": [23, 463]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078347-0003-0001", "contents": "1960 Open Championship\nThe final round on Friday afternoon was delayed until Saturday due to a heavy rainfall that flooded portions of the course; the first postponement in over fifty years. When play resumed the next day, Palmer and Nagle both went out in 34. Still four-strokes behind, Palmer began another charge on the back. He made up strokes on the 13th and 15th, made a 4 on the 17th, then made birdie at the last. Nagle was standing over a crucial par putt on the Road Hole 17th when he heard the roar signifying Palmer's birdie at 18. He managed to collect himself and hole the putt, then made a safe 4 at the last to win the title by a single shot over Palmer.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [22, 22], "content_span": [23, 670]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078347-0004-0000", "contents": "1960 Open Championship\nAlready 39 at the time of his victory, this was Nagle's first top ten finish in a major championship. Although little-known outside of Australia at the time of the tournament, he went on to have success throughout the next decade and came close to winning another major at the 1965 U.S. Open, losing to Gary Player in an 18-hole playoff.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [22, 22], "content_span": [23, 360]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078347-0005-0000", "contents": "1960 Open Championship\nPalmer had won the first two majors at the Masters and U.S. Open, and was attempting to equal Ben Hogan's 1953 season with a third consecutive major. His appearance established the British Open as an important tournament for American golfers and, although Palmer himself skipped the tournament a few times afterward, the best American players began crossing the Atlantic with regularity from then on. Palmer won the next two Opens in 1961 and 1962.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [22, 22], "content_span": [23, 471]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078347-0006-0000", "contents": "1960 Open Championship\nThe appearance of Palmer, already the most popular golfer in the world, proved to be a turning point for the Open Championship. Until the 1960s, few Americans made the trip to the Open Championship, with the lengthy ocean-voyage and high costs of traveling to Britain often more than they stood to win in the tournament. Even Palmer, winner of the first two majors of the year,  had to play in the 36-hole qualifier immediately preceding it. The 1960 event included only four Americans following the qualifier, and only two made the cut. Ten years later, 24 Americans were in the field of 134. For many years, the event often conflicted with the PGA Championship in the U.S., a more lucrative major which gradually moved to late July and then August.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [22, 22], "content_span": [23, 773]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078347-0007-0000", "contents": "1960 Open Championship, Card of the course\n^ The 10th hole was posthumously named for Bobby Jones in 1972", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [24, 42], "content_span": [43, 105]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078347-0008-0000", "contents": "1960 Open Championship, Round summaries, Second round\nA maximum of fifty players could make the cut. The 47 who scored 149 (+5) or better qualified for the final day; eight players scoring 150 (+6) were not included.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [24, 53], "content_span": [54, 216]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078347-0009-0000", "contents": "1960 Open Championship, Round summaries, Second round\nSource:Amateurs: Blair (\u22121), Wolstenholme (E),  Deighton (E), Carr (+1), Jack (+1), Smith (+1),Deboys (+2), Munro (+5), Shade (+5), Walker (+6), Wright (+6), Saddler (+7), Nisbet (+9).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [24, 53], "content_span": [54, 238]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078347-0010-0000", "contents": "1960 Open Championship, Round summaries, Final round\nAmateurs: Wolstenholme (\u22125), Carr (\u22123), Blair (\u22122), Jack (E), Deboys (+2), Smith (+9), Shade (+11),  Deighton (+14), Munro (+20)", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [24, 52], "content_span": [53, 181]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078348-0000-0000", "contents": "1960 Orange Bowl\nThe 1960 Orange Bowl was the 26th edition of the college football bowl game, played at the Orange Bowl in Miami, Florida, on Friday, January\u00a01. Part of the 1959\u201360 bowl game season, the fifth-ranked Georgia Bulldogs of the Southeastern Conference (SEC) shut out the #18 Missouri Tigers of the Big Eight Conference, 14\u20130.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 16], "section_span": [16, 16], "content_span": [17, 337]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078348-0001-0000", "contents": "1960 Orange Bowl, Teams, Missouri\nMissouri was the runner-up in the Big Eight Conference, selected to play in this game over Oklahoma due to the conference's new (and short-lived) rule against consecutive bowl appearances; the Sooners had won the previous two Orange Bowls. The Tigers had four losses in the regular season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 16], "section_span": [18, 33], "content_span": [34, 323]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078348-0002-0000", "contents": "1960 Orange Bowl, Teams, Georgia\nGeorgia was champion of the Southeastern Conference for the first time in eleven years, and made their first bowl appearance since 1950. Their only loss was in early October at South Carolina.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 16], "section_span": [18, 32], "content_span": [33, 225]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078348-0003-0000", "contents": "1960 Orange Bowl, Game summary\nGeorgia quarterback Fran Tarkenton threw a 29-yard pass to Bill McKenny to give the Bulldogs a 7\u20130 lead in the first. In the second quarter, he scrambled and threw a touchdown pass of 33 yards to Aaron Box to make it 14\u20130 at halftime, and the second half was scoreless. The Missouri offense outgained the Bulldogs in yards, but could not reach the end zone due to three interceptions. Tarkenton threw nine-of-16 passes for 131 yards.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 16], "section_span": [18, 30], "content_span": [31, 464]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078348-0004-0000", "contents": "1960 Orange Bowl, Aftermath\nThe Bulldogs have yet to return to the Orange Bowl, but Missouri won the next year. Georgia's next major bowl was seven years later, when they won the Cotton Bowl.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 16], "section_span": [18, 27], "content_span": [28, 191]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078348-0005-0000", "contents": "1960 Orange Bowl, Aftermath\nThis was the only meeting between the two programs until Missouri joined the SEC in 2012 and was slotted in the Eastern Division.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 16], "section_span": [18, 27], "content_span": [28, 157]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078349-0000-0000", "contents": "1960 Oregon State Beavers football team\nThe 1960 Oregon State Beavers football team represented Oregon State College as an independent during the 1960 NCAA University Division football season. In their sixth season under head coach Tommy Prothro, the Beavers compiled a 6\u20133\u20131 record and outscored their opponents 197\u00a0to\u00a0145. They played two home games on campus at Parker Stadium in Corvallis and two at Multnomah Stadium in\u00a0Portland.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [39, 39], "content_span": [40, 434]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078349-0001-0000", "contents": "1960 Oregon State Beavers football team\nThe Pacific Coast Conference (PCC) disbanded in 1959; this was the second of five years that Oregon State and Oregon competed as independents. The Civil War game was played in Corvallis and ended in a\u00a0tie.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [39, 39], "content_span": [40, 245]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078349-0002-0000", "contents": "1960 Oregon State Beavers football team\nThe Gotham Bowl was scheduled to premiere at Yankee Stadium in New York City in 1960 with Holy Cross as the host\u00a0team. However, after Oregon State was invited, Holy Cross was uninvited in hopes of finding a better match-up. The\u00a0game was canceled when no opponent could be found for Oregon\u00a0State.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [39, 39], "content_span": [40, 335]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078349-0003-0000", "contents": "1960 Oregon State Beavers football team\nAfter this season, the university's current title, Oregon State University, was adopted by a legislative act signed into law by Governor Mark\u00a0Hatfield on March 6, 1961, and became effective that summer.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [39, 39], "content_span": [40, 242]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078350-0000-0000", "contents": "1960 Oregon Webfoots football team\nThe 1960 Oregon Webfoots football team represented the University of Oregon as an independent during the 1960 NCAA University Division football season. In their 10th season under head coach Len Casanova, the Webfoots compiled a 7\u20133\u20131 record and outscored their opponents, 206 to 130. The team played its home games at Hayward Field in Eugene, Oregon.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [34, 34], "content_span": [35, 385]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078350-0001-0000", "contents": "1960 Oregon Webfoots football team\nThe team's statistical leaders included Dave Grosz with 910 passing yards, Dave Grayson with 631 rushing yards, and Cleveland Jones with 402 receiving yards.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [34, 34], "content_span": [35, 192]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078351-0000-0000", "contents": "1960 Orsz\u00e1gos Bajnoks\u00e1g I (men's water polo)\n1960 Orsz\u00e1gos Bajnoks\u00e1g I (men's water polo) was the 54th water polo championship in Hungary. There were twelve teams who played one-round match for the title.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [44, 44], "content_span": [45, 204]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078351-0001-0000", "contents": "1960 Orsz\u00e1gos Bajnoks\u00e1g I (men's water polo), Final list\n* M: Matches W: Win D: Drawn L: Lost G+: Goals earned G-: Goals got P: Point", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [46, 56], "content_span": [57, 133]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078352-0000-0000", "contents": "1960 Ottawa Rough Riders season\nThe 1960 Ottawa Rough Riders finished in 2nd place in the Interprovincial Rugby Football Union with a 9\u20135 record and won the Grey Cup.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [31, 31], "content_span": [32, 166]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078353-0000-0000", "contents": "1960 Ottawa municipal election\nThe city of Ottawa, Canada held municipal elections on December 5, 1960.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [30, 30], "content_span": [31, 103]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078353-0001-0000", "contents": "1960 Ottawa municipal election\nFormer mayor Charlotte Whitton returns to the mayoral chair, defeater controller and football player Sam Berger.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [30, 30], "content_span": [31, 143]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078354-0000-0000", "contents": "1960 PGA Championship\nThe 1960 PGA Championship was the 42nd PGA Championship, played July 21\u201324 at the South Course of Firestone Country Club in Akron, Ohio. Jay Hebert won his only major championship, one stroke ahead of runner-up Jim Ferrier, the 1947 champion. Only one player broke par in the final round; Wes Ellis shot 69 (\u22121) and finished in sixth place. Hebert's younger brother Lionel won the title in 1957, the last PGA Championship contested in match play format.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [21, 21], "content_span": [22, 475]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078354-0001-0000", "contents": "1960 PGA Championship\nThird round leader Doug Sanders shot 73 (+3) on Sunday and finished two strokes back in a tie for third. Arnold Palmer, reigning champion of the Masters and U.S. Open, carded a triple-bogey eight on the 16th hole on Saturday, and finished five strokes back.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [21, 21], "content_span": [22, 279]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078354-0002-0000", "contents": "1960 PGA Championship\nPalmer was attempting to win a third major in 1960; in addition to his wins at the Masters and U.S. Open, he was runner-up by a stroke at the British Open at St Andrews. At Firestone, Palmer opened with a 67 for the first round lead, but fell off the pace late on Saturday and tied for seventh; he won seven majors but never a PGA Championship. Through 2017, no player has won all three U.S. majors (Masters, U.S. Open, PGA) in the same calendar year.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [21, 21], "content_span": [22, 473]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078354-0003-0000", "contents": "1960 PGA Championship\nTwo-time champion Ben Hogan played in the PGA Championship for the first time since his match play victory in 1948. A third round 78 (+8) left him at 225 (+15) and he missed the 54-hole cut by one stroke.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [21, 21], "content_span": [22, 226]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078354-0004-0000", "contents": "1960 PGA Championship\nAttendance figures were 14,141 for Sunday's final round, with a four-day total of 53,509.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [21, 21], "content_span": [22, 111]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078354-0005-0000", "contents": "1960 PGA Championship\nThis was the first of three PGA Championships at the South Course, which later hosted in 1966 and 1975. It is the current venue for the WGC-Bridgestone Invitational, which began in 1976 as the World Series of Golf on the PGA Tour. The American Golf Classic was held at Firestone 's south course from 1961 to 1975.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [21, 21], "content_span": [22, 335]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078355-0000-0000", "contents": "1960 PGA Tour\nThe 1960 PGA Tour season was played from January 8 to December 11. The season consisted of 44 official money events. Arnold Palmer won the most tournaments, eight, and there were two first-time winners. Palmer was the leading money winner with earnings of $75,263. Palmer was voted the PGA Player of the Year and Billy Casper won the Vardon Trophy for the lowest scoring average.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 13], "section_span": [13, 13], "content_span": [14, 393]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078355-0001-0000", "contents": "1960 PGA Tour, Tournament results\nThe following table shows all the official money events for the 1960 season. \"Date\" is the ending date of the tournament. The numbers in parentheses after the winners' names are the number of wins they had on the tour up to and including that event. Majors are shown in bold.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 13], "section_span": [15, 33], "content_span": [34, 309]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078356-0000-0000", "contents": "1960 Pacific Tigers football team\nThe 1960 Pacific Tigers football team represented the College of the Pacific during the 1960 NCAA University Division football season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [33, 33], "content_span": [34, 168]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078356-0001-0000", "contents": "1960 Pacific Tigers football team\nPacific competed as an independent in 1960. They played home games in Pacific Memorial Stadium in Stockton, California. In their eighth season under head coach Jack Myers, the Tigers finished with their first losing record since 1954, a record of four wins and six losses (4\u20136). For the season they were outscored by their opponents 140\u2013278.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [33, 33], "content_span": [34, 375]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078356-0002-0000", "contents": "1960 Pacific Tigers football team, Team players in the NFL\nThe following College of the Pacific players were selected in the 1961 NFL Draft.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 58], "content_span": [59, 140]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078357-0000-0000", "contents": "1960 Pacific hurricane season\nThe 1960 Pacific hurricane season was an event in meteorology. It officially started on May 15, 1960, in the eastern Pacific and lasted until November 30, 1960. The 1960 season was the first season that Eastern Pacific hurricanes were named.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [29, 29], "content_span": [30, 271]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078357-0001-0000", "contents": "1960 Pacific hurricane season\nEight tropical cyclones, seven named storms and five hurricanes formed during the 1960 season, none of the hurricanes reached beyond category 1 status on the Saffir-Simpson Hurricane Scale.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [29, 29], "content_span": [30, 219]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078357-0002-0000", "contents": "1960 Pacific hurricane season, Systems, Tropical Storm Annette\nTropical Storm Annette formed on June 9 as a 45\u00a0mph (70\u00a0km/h) tropical storm south of Mexico and moved westward before dissipating on June 12. The storm never made landfall and the effects from Annette is unknown.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 62], "content_span": [63, 276]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078357-0003-0000", "contents": "1960 Pacific hurricane season, Systems, Tropical Storm Bonny\nTropical Storm Bonny formed on June 22 southwest of Mexico and moved northwestward as a 45\u00a0mph (70\u00a0km/h) tropical storm. Bonny then turned northward and then turned westward before dissipating south of Baja California on June 26.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 60], "content_span": [61, 290]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078357-0004-0000", "contents": "1960 Pacific hurricane season, Systems, Hurricane Celeste\nThe remnants of Hurricane Abby moved into the Eastern Pacific Ocean and intensified into a hurricane on July 20 and was named Celeste. The hurricane moved northwestward where it winds peaked at 85\u00a0mph (135\u00a0km/h) before it weakened into a tropical storm and dissipated on July 22.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 57], "content_span": [58, 337]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078357-0005-0000", "contents": "1960 Pacific hurricane season, Systems, Hurricane Diana\nHurricane Diana formed on August 16 And reached hurricane strength on August 17 where it moved northwestward. Diana briefly weakened into a tropical storm on August 18 before reaching hurricane strength again the following day. After brushing southern Baja California Peninsula, Diana entered the Gulf of California where it became extratropical on August 20.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 55], "content_span": [56, 415]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078357-0006-0000", "contents": "1960 Pacific hurricane season, Systems, Hurricane Estelle\nEstelle formed on August 29 south-southwest of Guatemala. The storm moved west-northwest, paralleling the coast of Mexico as an 85\u00a0mph (135\u00a0km/h) hurricane before becoming extratropical on September 9. The remnants of Estelle brought heavy rainfall across southern California with rainfall totals reaching 3.1\u00a0inches (76.2\u00a0mm) in Julian.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 57], "content_span": [58, 395]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078357-0007-0000", "contents": "1960 Pacific hurricane season, Systems, Hurricane Fernanda\nFernanda formed on September 3 southwest of Guatemala where it moved west-northwest as a category 1 hurricane before dissipating on September 8 southwest of Mexico.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 58], "content_span": [59, 223]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078357-0008-0000", "contents": "1960 Pacific hurricane season, Systems, Hurricane Gwen\nOnly one report of Gwen was submitted to the National Weather Bureau by the vessel Lord Lodrington early on October 4. The system was given the name Gwen and an Air Force reconnaissance aircraft sent to monitor the system. However, by the time they reached the area where the hurricane was positioned, found the storm had completely dissipated. Due to the lack of reports no track data was produced for Gwen.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 54], "content_span": [55, 463]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078357-0009-0000", "contents": "1960 Pacific hurricane season, Systems, Hurricane Hyacinth\nHyacinth formed as a hurricane on October 21 and recurved northeastward where it made weakened into a tropical storm before it made landfall as a tropical depression on October 23. Damage from Hyacinth, if any, is unknown.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 58], "content_span": [59, 281]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078357-0010-0000", "contents": "1960 Pacific hurricane season, Storm names\nThe following names were used for named storms that formed in the eastern Pacific in 1960. No names were retired, so it was used again in the 1968 season. This is the first time this list was used. Names that were not assigned are marked in gray.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 42], "content_span": [43, 289]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078357-0011-0000", "contents": "1960 Pacific hurricane season, Storm names\nThe Central Pacific used names and numbers from the Western Pacific's typhoon list. No systems formed in the area, and thus no names were required.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 42], "content_span": [43, 190]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078358-0000-0000", "contents": "1960 Pacific typhoon season\nThe 1960 Pacific typhoon season had no official bounds; it ran year-round in 1960, but most tropical cyclones tend to form in the northwestern Pacific Ocean between June and December. These dates conventionally delimit the period of each year when most tropical cyclones form in the northwestern Pacific Ocean.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [27, 27], "content_span": [28, 338]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078358-0001-0000", "contents": "1960 Pacific typhoon season\nThe scope of this article is limited to the Pacific Ocean, north of the equator, and west of the International Date Line. Storms that form east of the dateline and north of the equator are called hurricanes; see 1960 Pacific hurricane season. Tropical storms formed in the entire west Pacific basin were assigned a name by the Joint Typhoon Warning Center. Tropical depressions in this basin had the \"W\" suffix added to their number.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [27, 27], "content_span": [28, 461]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078358-0002-0000", "contents": "1960 Pacific typhoon season, Systems, Tropical Storm Karen\nAn area of disturbed weather in the Philippine Sea moved westward and organized into a tropical depression on April 22. It moved northwestward through the Philippines, strengthening quickly to a typhoon on the 24th due to its small size. Karen turned to the northeast, and despite favorable conditions, rapidly weakened until dissipation on the 26th. Karen left 56 dead in the Philippines, left 7,000 homeless, and caused $2\u00a0million (1960\u00a0USD) in crop and property damage.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 58], "content_span": [59, 531]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078358-0003-0000", "contents": "1960 Pacific typhoon season, Systems, Typhoon Lucille\nLucille was identified as a weak tropical depression on May\u00a025 to the east of the Philippines. Tracking northwestward, the system failed to develop and warnings on it were discontinued on May\u00a027. At the same time, a second system began organizing along the west coast of Luzon. The two systems ultimately merged into one over the Philippines between May\u00a028 and 29. Now tracking northeastward, the system re-intensified and became a tropical storm on May\u00a030. Lucille attained its peak intensity later that day with winds of 85\u00a0km/h (55\u00a0mph). As it accelerated over open waters, the system brushed the islands of Iwo Jima and Chichi-jima before transitioning into an extratropical cyclone on June\u00a01. The remnants of Lucille were last noted on June\u00a04 near the International Date Line.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 53], "content_span": [54, 835]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078358-0004-0000", "contents": "1960 Pacific typhoon season, Systems, Typhoon Lucille\nBetween May\u00a027 and 29, heavy rains fell across much of Luzon as Lucille developed. These rains, amounting to 406\u00a0mm (16\u00a0in) in the suburbs of Manila, triggered destructive floods that left some areas under 4.6\u00a0m (15\u00a0ft) of water. The worst of the floods took place during the overnight hours of May\u00a028 to 29. During that time, hundreds of homes were swept away and an estimated 300\u2013500 people, including at least 80\u00a0children, were killed. Monetary losses from the floods exceeded $2\u00a0million.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 53], "content_span": [54, 545]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078358-0005-0000", "contents": "1960 Pacific typhoon season, Systems, Typhoon Mary\nA trough of low pressure spawned a tropical depression in the South China Sea on June 3 and moved slowly westward. Favorable conditions allowed it to quickly strengthen into Tropical Storm Mary, and after turning northward it attained typhoon status on the 7th. Mary continued to intensify to a 90\u00a0mph (140\u00a0km/h) typhoon just before making landfall 20 miles (32\u00a0km) west of Hong Kong on the 8th. After weakening while moving northeastward over China, the storm restrengthened over the Western Pacific to a typhoon on the 10th. It passed near Okinawa, weakened, and accelerated to the east until it became extratropical on the 13th.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 50], "content_span": [51, 682]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078358-0006-0000", "contents": "1960 Pacific typhoon season, Systems, Typhoon Mary\nAlso known as Bloody Mary, the typhoon was the worst to hit Hong Kong in 23\u00a0 years (since the worst typhoon on the record of Hong Kong hit on 2 September 1937). Its 14.12 inches (359\u00a0mm) of rain, mudslides, and strong winds caused extreme damage across Hong Kong and southern China, leaving over 100 dead and over 18,000 homeless. The only positive aspect of the storm was its rainfall, which helped end a severe drought in the colony. An additional 1,600 people were killed following more landslides triggered by the remnants of the storm.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 50], "content_span": [51, 591]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078358-0007-0000", "contents": "1960 Pacific typhoon season, Systems, Typhoon Mary\nIn addition to its impact in Hong Kong, Mary brought heavy rains and flooding in Taiwan, especially in the capital city of Taipei. Moderate crop damage was seen to the rice crop. Four fishermen drowned off the island's southern coast, but there were no fatalities on the island. Despite its effects, the name Mary was not retired.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 50], "content_span": [51, 381]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078358-0008-0000", "contents": "1960 Pacific typhoon season, Systems, Typhoon Olive\nOn June 23, a tropical depression developed to the east of the Philippines. It entered nearly ideal conditions as it moved to the west-northwest, and, just 42\u00a0hours after forming, reached peak intensity of 145\u00a0mph (233\u00a0km/h). Due to lack of inflow from the archipelago to its west, Olive weakened to a 125\u00a0mph (201\u00a0km/h) typhoon at the time of its eastern Philippine landfall. It rapidly weakened while crossing to a tropical storm, but restrengthened into a typhoon in the South China Sea. It turned to the west, and struck southern China on June 29 as a 80\u00a0mph (130\u00a0km/h) typhoon. Olive rapidly weakened over land and the northern Gulf of Tonkin and dissipated on July 1.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 51], "content_span": [52, 725]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078358-0009-0000", "contents": "1960 Pacific typhoon season, Systems, Typhoon Olive\nA storm surge of 6\u20138\u00a0 feet flooded much of Manila, causing extensive property and transportation damage. Rains, amounting up to 203.2\u00a0 mm (8\u00a0 in) triggered flooding and numerous landslides. About 80 percent of the crops in southeast Luzon were destroyed by the flooding, and 404 people were killed. At least 32,000 buildings were destroyed by the storm, resulting in $30\u00a0 million in damages. In addition, nearly 60,000\u00a0 people were left homeless in the period after the storm's passage. During rescue attempts, many coastal defense force ships were either sunk or ran aground due to 7.3\u00a0m (24\u00a0 ft) swell produced by Olive.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 51], "content_span": [52, 674]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078358-0010-0000", "contents": "1960 Pacific typhoon season, Systems, Typhoon Olive\nChina and Hong Kong received heavy rainfall from Olive, causing moderate crop damage, though there were no reported casualties there.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 51], "content_span": [52, 185]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078358-0011-0000", "contents": "1960 Pacific typhoon season, Systems, Typhoon Shirley\nOn July 29, a tropical depression formed to the east of northern Luzon. Moving to the northwest, it encountered favorable conditions for development, and rapidly intensified to a 155\u00a0mph (249\u00a0km/h) super typhoon just 48\u00a0hours after forming, with an eyewall only 7 miles (11\u00a0km) wide. Shirley continued to the northwest, and struck northeastern Taiwan as a slightly weaker 140\u00a0mph (230\u00a0km/h) typhoon on the July 31. The mountainous terrain ripped apart the typhoon's circulation, and after crossing the Taiwan Strait, it made landfall on southeastern China as a tropical storm. Shirley turned northward while moving inland, and dissipated on August 2. An unusual feature of the storm was the development of a secondary center while approaching Taiwan.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 53], "content_span": [54, 804]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078358-0012-0000", "contents": "1960 Pacific typhoon season, Systems, Typhoon Shirley\nShirley's 140\u00a0mph (230\u00a0km/h) winds and torrential rains devastated Taiwan, overflowing many rivers and trapping thousands. Nearly a foot of rain was reported on the island, causing extensive road and property damage. Little crop damage occurred due to Typhoon Mary destroying much of it months before. In all, Typhoon Shirley caused 104 fatalities, destroyed or damaged 9,890 houses, and left 50,194\u00a0people homeless.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 53], "content_span": [54, 470]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078358-0013-0000", "contents": "1960 Pacific typhoon season, Systems, Typhoon Trix\nJust one week after Shirley hit Taiwan, Typhoon Trix, which weakened from a peak of 145\u00a0mph (233\u00a0km/h), hit the northeastern part of the island with winds of 100\u00a0mph (160\u00a0km/h). Trix left four more dead and brought more severe flooding to the typhoon-ravaged country.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 50], "content_span": [51, 318]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078358-0014-0000", "contents": "1960 Pacific typhoon season, Systems, Typhoon Virginia\nTyphoon Virginia struck Shikoku and Honsh\u016b island in Japan with winds of 90\u00a0mph (140\u00a0km/h). 4\u00a0inches of rain fell over most of southern Japan. 2\u00a0people were killed and one was injured.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 54], "content_span": [55, 239]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078358-0015-0000", "contents": "1960 Pacific typhoon season, Systems, Typhoon Carmen\nA sharp trough of low pressure organized into a tropical depression on August 16. It moved northward, quickly strengthening to an 85\u00a0mph (137\u00a0km/h) typhoon. Carmen lost intensity as it continued to the north, and made landfall on South Korea as a 50\u00a0mph (80\u00a0km/h) tropical storm on the 23rd. The storm brought 50-foot (15\u00a0m) waves to the Korean peninsula, flooding coastal cities and sinking ships offshore. In all, Carmen caused 24 casualties and $2\u00a0million in damage (1960\u00a0USD).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 52], "content_span": [53, 533]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078358-0016-0000", "contents": "1960 Pacific typhoon season, Systems, Typhoon Carmen\nCarmen is known for having the largest eye of any tropical cyclone in recorded history, tied with Typhoon Winnie in 1997. Radar data from Okinawa, Japan indicated that it was more than 200\u00a0miles (320\u00a0km) across.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 52], "content_span": [53, 264]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078358-0017-0000", "contents": "1960 Pacific typhoon season, Systems, Typhoon Della\nThe monsoon trough spawned a tropical storm in the open Western Pacific on August 20. Della moved to the northwest, strengthening to a typhoon on the 22nd before looping to the north-northwest. After peaking at 110\u00a0mph (180\u00a0km/h), Della weakened and hit southern Japan as a minimal typhoon. It accelerated to the northeast and became extratropical on the 31st. A landslide on Nishinomiya killed 38 road workers, while another 17\u00a0 people were killed throughout the country from heavy flooding. Damages from the storm were estimated at $19\u00a0million.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 51], "content_span": [52, 598]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078358-0018-0000", "contents": "1960 Pacific typhoon season, Systems, Typhoon Kit\nA large circulation over the Western Pacific organized into a tropical depression on October 2. It moved westward, steadily strengthening to a peak of 100\u00a0mph (160\u00a0km/h). Kit made landfall on the eastern Philippines at that intensity on the 6th and quickly crossed the archipelago. It turned to the northwest over the South China Sea and struck eastern Hainan Island on the 11th. Kit turned to the southwest, and after weakening hit northeastern Vietnam as a minimal tropical storm on the 13th. Kit dissipated shortly thereafter.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 49], "content_span": [50, 579]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078358-0019-0000", "contents": "1960 Pacific typhoon season, Systems, Typhoon Kit\nMany small and large boats sank from Kit's 1000+ mile wide circulation, with 149 fishermen missing. In the Philippines, Kit's extensive rainfall caused severe damage to property and transportation damage. Especially damaged was the rice crop, which was affected during the rice harvesting season. In all, Kit caused 149 casualties (with 149\u00a0missing) and $3\u00a0million in damage. Extensive crop damage occurred as well in China.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 49], "content_span": [50, 474]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078358-0020-0000", "contents": "1960 Pacific typhoon season, Systems, Typhoon Lola\nTyphoon Lola hit the Philippines just weeks after Kit made landfall, resulting in an additional $15\u00a0 million in damage, much of it to the rice crop. 58\u00a0 people were killed from the flooding, and heavy damage occurred to highways and communication systems.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 50], "content_span": [51, 306]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078358-0021-0000", "contents": "1960 Pacific typhoon season, Systems, Typhoon Mamie\nTyphoon Mamie struck Iwo Jima with winds of 105\u00a0mph (169\u00a0km/h) then passed to the southeast of Tokyo. No damage was reported.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 51], "content_span": [52, 177]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078358-0022-0000", "contents": "1960 Pacific typhoon season, Systems, Typhoon Ophelia\nThe most unusual tropical cyclone of the year began its life on November 21 in the open Western Pacific. The depression drifted, first to the west, then to the southeast, then back to the west, varying between a tropical depression and an open trough of low pressure. After a northward turn, it strengthened into a tropical storm on the 27th and turned back to the southwest. Ophelia turned to a west drift, and under favorable conditions, intensified into a typhoon on the 29th.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 53], "content_span": [54, 533]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078358-0022-0001", "contents": "1960 Pacific typhoon season, Systems, Typhoon Ophelia\nIt continued to strengthen as it crossed over the Caroline Islands, and became a super typhoon on the 30th. A day later it reached a peak of 155\u00a0mph (249\u00a0km/h), but a northward turn weakened it to 150\u00a0mph (240\u00a0km/h). Ophelia remained a Category\u00a04 typhoons until December 4, when it began accelerating to the northeast over unfavorable conditions. After weakening to a tropical storm on the 6th, Ophelia became extratropical over the Northern Pacific Ocean. As an extratropical storm, it persisted until dissipating south of Alaska on the 8th.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 53], "content_span": [54, 596]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078358-0022-0002", "contents": "1960 Pacific typhoon season, Systems, Typhoon Ophelia\nOphelia brought heavy rains to the Caroline Islands, killing 2 and injuring 4. Many of the islands were covered in up to 2 feet (0.61\u00a0m) of water, and they experienced severe damage from Ophelia's strong winds. The name Ophelia was retired after this storm. Over the course of Ophelia's life, it traveled 5,000\u00a0 miles.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 53], "content_span": [54, 372]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078358-0023-0000", "contents": "1960 Pacific typhoon season, Systems, Other systems\nThe China Meteorological Administration also monitored a severe tropical storm and several other tropical depressions during the course of the season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 51], "content_span": [52, 202]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078358-0024-0000", "contents": "1960 Pacific typhoon season, Storm names\nSince 1947, the Joint Typhoon Warning Center unofficially named typhoons in the Western Pacific Basin. This followed the widespread practice of naming storms during World War II map discussions after girlfriends. Before 1979, all names assigned to storms were female.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 40], "content_span": [41, 308]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078358-0025-0000", "contents": "1960 Pacific typhoon season, Retirement\nFollowing the 1960 season, Lucille and Ophelia's names were retired. The former was removed in light of the considerable loss of life in the Philippines; the latter was stricken due to its unusually long track. These were the first two names to ever be removed from the rotating naming list in the basin, though they were not replaced (although the names Lucy and Ora took their places in 1962 and 1963 respectively).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [29, 39], "content_span": [40, 457]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078359-0000-0000", "contents": "1960 Palanca Awards\nThe Carlos Palanca Memorial Awards for Literature winners in 1960 (rank, title of winning entry, name of author).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [19, 19], "content_span": [20, 133]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078360-0000-0000", "contents": "1960 Panamanian general election\nThe Panama held a general election on 20 May 1960, electing both a new President of the Republic and a new National Assembly.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [32, 32], "content_span": [33, 158]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078360-0001-0000", "contents": "1960 Panamanian general election\n\u201cErnesto de la Guardia's administration had been overwhelmed by the rioting and other problems, and the National Patriotic Coalition, lacking effective opposition in the National Assembly, began to disintegrate. Most dissenting factions joined the National Liberal Party in the National Opposition Union\u201d.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [32, 32], "content_span": [33, 338]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078360-0002-0000", "contents": "1960 Panamanian general election\nThe 1960 election was without precedent in Panama. For once the usual charges of illegal intervention by the National Guard were absent, and the opposition Liberal coalition candidate, Roberto Francisco Chiari Rem\u00f3n, was declared the winner and installed in office in an unexpectedly peaceful transfer of power.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [32, 32], "content_span": [33, 344]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078361-0000-0000", "contents": "1960 Panamerican Championship\nThe 1960 Panamerican Championship was the third last edition of Panamerican Championship. It was hosted in San Jos\u00e9, Costa Rica, between March 6 and March 20, in 1960. All the matches were held in Estadio Nacionall.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [29, 29], "content_span": [30, 245]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078361-0001-0000", "contents": "1960 Panamerican Championship\nPlayed as a round-robin tournament, it was won by Argentina.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [29, 29], "content_span": [30, 90]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078361-0002-0000", "contents": "1960 Panamerican Championship, Goalscorers\nThere were 32 goals scored in 12 matches, for an average of 2.67 goals per match.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 42], "content_span": [43, 124]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078362-0000-0000", "contents": "1960 Papua New Guinean general election\nGeneral elections were held in Papua and New Guinea on 27 August 1960.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [39, 39], "content_span": [40, 110]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078362-0001-0000", "contents": "1960 Papua New Guinean general election, Electoral system\nThe 29-member Legislative Council consisted of the Administrator, 16 civil servants, nine members appointed by the Administrator (three representatives of the indigenous population, three representing European settlers and three representing missionaries) and three elected Europeans. The Chinese community were also given the right to vote alongside Europeans.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 57], "content_span": [58, 419]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078362-0002-0000", "contents": "1960 Papua New Guinean general election, Electoral system\nThe three elected members were elected from three single-member constituencies, New Guinea Islands, New Guinea Mainland and Papua by preferential voting.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 57], "content_span": [58, 211]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078362-0003-0000", "contents": "1960 Papua New Guinean general election, Campaign\nTwo of the three seats were uncontested, with Craig Kirke, a Port Moresby solicitor and anti-income tax activist running unopposed in Papua and former MLC Don Barrett, a planter, the sole candidate in New Guinea Islands. The New Guinea Mainland seat was contested by former MLC Sydney Barker (a dentist and miner from Wau), Paul Hymna (an accountant from Lae), Lloyd Hurrell (a farmer in Wau) and Keith Watkins (a trader from Lae).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 49], "content_span": [50, 481]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078362-0004-0000", "contents": "1960 Papua New Guinean general election, Results\nIn the sole contested constituency, voter turnout was around 38%.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 48], "content_span": [49, 114]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078362-0005-0000", "contents": "1960 Papua New Guinean general election, Results, Appointed members\nReuben Taureka was appointed as an official member, replacing the Director of Native Affairs, becoming the first official indigenous member.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 67], "content_span": [68, 208]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078363-0000-0000", "contents": "1960 Paraguayan Primera Divisi\u00f3n season\nThe 1960 season of the Paraguayan Primera Divisi\u00f3n, the top category of Paraguayan football, was played by 10 teams. The national champions were Olimpia.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [39, 39], "content_span": [40, 193]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078364-0000-0000", "contents": "1960 Paraguayan parliamentary election\nParliamentary elections were held in Paraguay in 1960 after President Alfredo Stroessner had dissolved Congress. The elections were boycotted by the opposition in protest at insufficient guarantees of freedom. and subsequently all 60 seats were won by the Colorado Party.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [38, 38], "content_span": [39, 310]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078365-0000-0000", "contents": "1960 Paris\u2013Nice\nThe 1960 Paris\u2013Nice was the 18th edition of the Paris\u2013Nice cycle race and was held from 9 March to 16 March 1960. The race started in Paris and finished in Nice. The race was won by Raymond Impanis of the Faema team.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 15], "section_span": [15, 15], "content_span": [16, 232]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078366-0000-0000", "contents": "1960 Paris\u2013Roubaix\nThe 1960 Paris\u2013Roubaix was the 58th edition of the Paris\u2013Roubaix cycle race and was held on 10 April 1960. The race started in Compi\u00e8gne and finished in Roubaix. The race was won by Pino Cerami of the Peugeot team.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 18], "section_span": [18, 18], "content_span": [19, 233]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078367-0000-0000", "contents": "1960 Paris\u2013Tours\nThe 1960 Paris\u2013Tours was the 54th edition of the Paris\u2013Tours cycle race and was held on 2 October 1960. The race started in Paris and finished in Tours. The race was won by Jo de Haan of the Saint-Rapha\u00ebl team.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 16], "section_span": [16, 16], "content_span": [17, 227]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078368-0000-0000", "contents": "1960 Pau Grand Prix\nThe 1960 Pau Grand Prix was a Formula Two motor race held on 18 April 1960 at the Pau circuit, in Pau, Pyr\u00e9n\u00e9es-Atlantiques, France. The Grand Prix was won by Jack Brabham, driving the Cooper T45. Maurice Trintignant finished second and Olivier Gendebien third.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [19, 19], "content_span": [20, 281]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078368-0001-0000", "contents": "1960 Pau Grand Prix\nThe race was the third event in the 1960 Formula Two Constructors' Championship and Formula Two Drivers' Championship.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [19, 19], "content_span": [20, 138]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078368-0002-0000", "contents": "1960 Pau Grand Prix, Entries\nAll but three cars entered were Coopers. As regular drivers Jo Bonnier and Graham Hill were racing for BRM at Goodwood Circuit, Porsche sent just one car for Olivier Gendebien who was expected to be a front runner. Cooper also sent just a single works car, for Jack Brabham. Amongst the several privately entered Coopers were Ron Flockhart driving for Ken Tyrrell, Maurice Trintignant driving for Centro Sud, and Pau regular Jackie Lewis. There were also two privately entered Lotuses.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [21, 28], "content_span": [29, 514]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078368-0003-0000", "contents": "1960 Pau Grand Prix, Practice\nNear the start of the first practice session, on a drying track, Lewis was fastest with 1 minute 35.8, and Gendebien not far behind. Brabham instead focussed on setup, while Trintignant struggled with poor handling, continuing to change springs and shock absorbers even into the second session.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [21, 29], "content_span": [30, 324]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078368-0004-0000", "contents": "1960 Pau Grand Prix, Practice\nUltimately, in the second session Brabham went fastest on the now dry track with 1 minute 34 seconds, with only Trintignant able to come close. Gendebien was able to set third fastest time but dropped a valve in the process, and was two seconds slower than Brabham.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [21, 29], "content_span": [30, 295]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078368-0005-0000", "contents": "1960 Pau Grand Prix, Practice\nThe final grid had Brabham, Trintignant and Gendebien, followed by Lewis and Flockhart on row two.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [21, 29], "content_span": [30, 128]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078368-0006-0000", "contents": "1960 Pau Grand Prix, Report\nAt the start Brabham immediately took the lead, followed by Trintignant, Gendebien, Lewis, Flockhart, John Campbell-Jones, and Masten Gregory. Brabham steadily increased his lead over Trintignant by around a second per lap when on the sixth lap he had a minor accident, clipping a straw bale with his rear wheel causing minor handling damage. This delay allowed Trintignant to catch up, urged on by the partisan French crowd. Trintignant's engine was underpowered compared with Brabham's, but now due to the damage on Brabham's car the two drivers began a nose-to-tail battle which would last the entire race. The two cars were never more than a few lengths apart, but Trintignant was never able to cleanly overtake, only managing to sometimes overlap in his efforts to take the lead.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [21, 27], "content_span": [28, 812]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078368-0007-0000", "contents": "1960 Pau Grand Prix, Report\nBehind the two leaders Gendebien steadily fell back, knowing he would not be able to challenge the pace of the two leaders, hoping that their fierce battle would take the two Coopers out. For much of the race Lewis stayed not far behind Gendebien, hoping to eventually overtake depending on how the race progressed. However, on his 26th lap his gear lever broke, forcing him to make two lengthy stops, dropping him to last place although he would eventually be classified a finisher. Behind Gendebien, Flockhart lapped steadily, fast enough to maintain fourth place, but not enough to challenge for third. Campbell-Jones ran fifth for some time but radiator trouble meant he had to make several pitstops, dropping him back and allowing Tony Marsh into fifth ahead of Paul Fr\u00e8re.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [21, 27], "content_span": [28, 806]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078368-0008-0000", "contents": "1960 Pau Grand Prix, Report\nThe order near the front remained the same for over half the race. Brabham and Trintignant first lapped Gendebien on lap 55, and then on his final lap Brabham was able to lap Gendebien again, who split the lead two cars at the end of the race.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [21, 27], "content_span": [28, 271]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078369-0000-0000", "contents": "1960 Penn Quakers football team\nThe 1960 Penn Quakers football team was an American football team that represented the University of Pennsylvania during the 1960 NCAA University Division football season. A year after winning the Ivy League, Penn dropped to sixth place in 1960.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [31, 31], "content_span": [32, 277]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078369-0001-0000", "contents": "1960 Penn Quakers football team\nIn their first year under head coach John Stiegman, the Quakers compiled a 3\u20136 record and were outscored 149 to 104. George Koval was the team captain.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [31, 31], "content_span": [32, 183]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078369-0002-0000", "contents": "1960 Penn Quakers football team\nPenn's 2\u20135 conference record was the sixth-best in the Ivy League standings. The Quakers were outscored 108 to 69 by Ivy opponents.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [31, 31], "content_span": [32, 163]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078369-0003-0000", "contents": "1960 Penn Quakers football team\nPenn played its home games at Franklin Field adjacent to the university's campus in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [31, 31], "content_span": [32, 143]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078370-0000-0000", "contents": "1960 Penn State Nittany Lions football team\nThe 1960 Penn State Nittany Lions football team represented the Pennsylvania State University in the 1960 NCAA University Division football season. The team was coached by Rip Engle and played its home games in Beaver Stadium in University Park, Pennsylvania.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 43], "section_span": [43, 43], "content_span": [44, 303]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078371-0000-0000", "contents": "1960 Pepperdine Waves football team\nThe 1960 Pepperdine Waves football team represented George Pepperdine College as an independent during the 1960 NCAA College Division football season. The team was led by first-year head coach Pence Dacus. The Waves played home games at Sentinel Field on the campus of Inglewood High School in Inglewood, California. Pepperdine finished the season with a record of 1\u20139.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [35, 35], "content_span": [36, 405]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078371-0001-0000", "contents": "1960 Pepperdine Waves football team, Team players in the NFL\nNo Pepperdine players were selected in the 1961 NFL Draft.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 60], "content_span": [61, 119]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078372-0000-0000", "contents": "1960 Peruvian Primera Divisi\u00f3n\nThe 1960 season of the Primera Divisi\u00f3n Peruana, or the Peruvian Football Championship, the top category of Peruvian football (soccer), was played by 10 teams. The season was a single league table played on a home-and-away round-robin basis. The champions qualified for the Copa Libertadores 1961, the first Copa Libertadores to have a Peruvian team participate. The last placed team at the end of the season was relegated. The champions were Universitario and Mariscal Castilla was relegated.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [30, 30], "content_span": [31, 524]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078373-0000-0000", "contents": "1960 Petersfield by-election\nThe Petersfield by election took place during the 1959 to 1964 parliament of the United Kingdom.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [28, 28], "content_span": [29, 125]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078373-0001-0000", "contents": "1960 Petersfield by-election\nIt was called when the sitting MP for Petersfield Peter Legh became the 4th Baron Newton on the death of his father . There were three candidates", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [28, 28], "content_span": [29, 174]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078373-0002-0000", "contents": "1960 Petersfield by-election\nPolling day took place on Thursday 17 November 1960 and the result was as follows", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [28, 28], "content_span": [29, 110]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078373-0003-0000", "contents": "1960 Petersfield by-election\nQuennell held the seat at three further general elections before retiring in October 1974.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [28, 28], "content_span": [29, 119]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078373-0004-0000", "contents": "1960 Petersfield by-election, Notes\nThis by-elections to the Parliament of the United Kingdom in England-related article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by .", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 35], "content_span": [36, 159]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078374-0000-0000", "contents": "1960 Philadelphia City Council special election\nPhiladelphia's City Council special election of 1960  was held to fill two vacant city council seats. The first was in the 4th district, when Democrat Samuel Rose died in January 1960. A second vacancy that same year occurred in the 6th district when Democrat Michael J. Towey died suddenly in September 29. Special elections were scheduled for November 8, 1960, to be held at the same time as the national election that year. Both seats were easily held by the Democratic Party.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 47], "section_span": [47, 47], "content_span": [48, 527]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078374-0001-0000", "contents": "1960 Philadelphia City Council special election, Background\nSamuel Rose had represented West Philadelphia's 4th district since its creation under the new City Charter of 1951. After suffering a heart attack in 1959, his health declined and he died on January 31, 1960, at the age of 48. The district was viewed as a solid seat for the Democrats; Rose had won re-election in 1959 with 73% of the vote.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 47], "section_span": [49, 59], "content_span": [60, 400]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078374-0002-0000", "contents": "1960 Philadelphia City Council special election, Background\nMichael J. Towey died on September 29, 1960, also of a heart attack. Towey had represented the 6th district, which covered Kensington, Port Richmond, and Frankford, also since 1951. He had won convincingly in his most recent election, carrying 60% of the vote over his Republican opponent.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 47], "section_span": [49, 59], "content_span": [60, 349]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078374-0003-0000", "contents": "1960 Philadelphia City Council special election, Candidate selection\nInstead of a primary, the nominees were selected by the ward leaders of the wards that made up the councilmanic districts. In the 4th, Democratic ward leaders selected George X. Schwartz, an attorney who had represented part of the district in the Pennsylvania House of Representatives for three terms. Republicans nominated Leonard G. Carr, the pastor of Vine Memorial Baptist Church and a civil rights advocate.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 47], "section_span": [49, 68], "content_span": [69, 482]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078374-0004-0000", "contents": "1960 Philadelphia City Council special election, Candidate selection\nAfter Towey's death, Council President James H.J. Tate ordered a special election to be held the same day, just over a month later. As in the 4th, candidates were chosen by the ward leaders. Democrats selected William A. Dwyer, Jr., a lawyer and the leader of the 23rd Ward, over several challengers. Republicans selected Joseph T. Murphy, also an attorney.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 47], "section_span": [49, 68], "content_span": [69, 426]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078374-0005-0000", "contents": "1960 Philadelphia City Council special election, Result\nSchwartz and Dwyer easily won their elections, \"swamping\" their Republican opponents, according to a story the next day in The Philadelphia Inquirer. Democrats carried every ward in the two districts amid a citywide victory for the party in the presidential race. Schwartz took 75% of the vote, bettering Rose's totals from 1959. Dwyer likewise improved on Towey's 1959 margin in the district.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 47], "section_span": [49, 55], "content_span": [56, 449]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078374-0006-0000", "contents": "1960 Philadelphia City Council special election, Aftermath\nSchwartz remained on city council for twenty years, rising to become the council president. He remained a force on the Council until he was forced to resign after being implicated in the Abscam investigation. He served a year in prison and died at the age of 95 in 2010. His opponent, Carr, did not run for office again but remained the pastor of his church until his death in 1976.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 47], "section_span": [49, 58], "content_span": [59, 441]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078374-0007-0000", "contents": "1960 Philadelphia City Council special election, Aftermath\nDwyer served out the remainder of the term to which he had been elected, but lost a re-election bid to Republican Edward F. McNulty in 1963. He was elected to a judgeship on the Pennsylvania Court of Common Pleas in 1967 and served there until his death in 1982. Murphy joined him on the bench, being appointed to the Philadelphia Municipal Court in 1968 and the Common Pleas Court in 1972. He took senior status on the court in 1980 and heard cases until 1991; he died the following year.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 47], "section_span": [49, 58], "content_span": [59, 548]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078375-0000-0000", "contents": "1960 Philadelphia Eagles season\nThe 1960 Philadelphia Eagles season was the franchise's 28th season in the National Football League, and finished with the Eagles' win over the Green Bay Packers in the NFL championship game to get their third league title. The victory over the Packers was also the first and only playoff defeat of the Packers' Vince Lombardi's coaching career. The 1960 season was the Eagles' first postseason appearance since their last NFL championship season of 1949. It was their only postseason appearance in the 28 seasons from 1950 to 1977, and their last NFL title until their victory in Super Bowl LII, 57 years later.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [31, 31], "content_span": [32, 644]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078375-0001-0000", "contents": "1960 Philadelphia Eagles season, Off Season\nOn March 13, 1960, there was an expansion draft to stock the Dallas Rangers, who soon changed their name to the \"Cowboys.\" In this draft the Eagles lost tight end Dick Bielski, tackle Jerry DeLucca, and linebacker Bill Striegel to Dallas.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 43], "content_span": [44, 282]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078375-0002-0000", "contents": "1960 Philadelphia Eagles season, Off Season\nAs since 1951, the Eagles held training camp at Hersheypark Stadium in Hershey, Pennsylvania.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 43], "content_span": [44, 137]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078375-0003-0000", "contents": "1960 Philadelphia Eagles season, Off Season, NFL Draft\nThe 1960 NFL draft and the 1960 AFL Draft were held separately for college players (the common draft was initiated in 1967).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 54], "content_span": [55, 179]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078375-0004-0000", "contents": "1960 Philadelphia Eagles season, Off Season, Player selections\nThe table shows the Eagles selections and what picks they had that were traded away and the team that ended up with that pick. It is possible the Eagles' pick ended up with this team via another team that the Eagles made a trade with. Not shown are acquired picks that the Eagles traded away.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 62], "content_span": [63, 355]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078375-0005-0000", "contents": "1960 Philadelphia Eagles season, Regular season\nDuring the 1960 season, Chuck Bednarik is perhaps best known for knocking Frank Gifford of the New York Giants out of football for over eighteen months, considered one of the most famous tackles in NFL history. It occurred late in the game at Yankee Stadium on November 20.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 47], "content_span": [48, 321]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078375-0006-0000", "contents": "1960 Philadelphia Eagles season, Regular season\nBednarik was the last player to play the whole game. He averaged 58 minutes a game, starting at center and linebacker in the second half of season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 47], "content_span": [48, 195]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078375-0007-0000", "contents": "1960 Philadelphia Eagles season, Regular season, Playoffs, NFL Championship\nYou can get up now, Taylor. This (expletive deleted) game's over.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 75], "content_span": [76, 141]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078375-0008-0000", "contents": "1960 Philadelphia Eagles season, Regular season, Playoffs, NFL Championship\n~Chuck Bednarik, as he lay on top of Jim Taylor after making the tackle on the game's final play.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 75], "content_span": [76, 173]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078375-0009-0000", "contents": "1960 Philadelphia Eagles season, Regular season, Standings\nNote: Tie games were not officially counted in the standings until 1972.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 58], "content_span": [59, 131]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078375-0010-0000", "contents": "1960 Philadelphia Eagles season, Postseason\nSoon after the championship game against Green Bay, 61-year-old Buck Shaw retired as head coach of the Eagles. Quarterback and 12-year veteran Norm Van Brocklin retired after the game also and expected to be named head coach, but assistant coach Nick Skorich was promoted; he led the Eagles for the next three years, through the 1963 season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 43], "content_span": [44, 385]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078375-0011-0000", "contents": "1960 Philadelphia Eagles season, Postseason\nVan Brocklin, age 34, was named head coach of the expansion Minnesota Vikings in January 1961. In the 1961 expansion draft the Eagles lost guard Gerry Huth, defensive back Gene Johnson, and center Bill Lapham to Minnesota.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 43], "content_span": [44, 266]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078376-0000-0000", "contents": "1960 Philadelphia Phillies season\nThe 1960 Philadelphia Phillies season was the 78th in franchise history. The team finished in eighth place in the National League with a record of 59\u201395, 36 games behind the NL and World Series Champion Pittsburgh Pirates.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [33, 33], "content_span": [34, 256]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078376-0001-0000", "contents": "1960 Philadelphia Phillies season, Regular season\nManager Eddie Sawyer abruptly resigned after the season opener. The Phillies hired Gene Mauch as his replacement, but coach Andy Cohen managed one game before Mauch could join the team from the Minneapolis Millers, leading the Phillies to a 5\u20134 win in ten innings over the Milwaukee Braves. This was the only game Cohen ever managed in the major leagues, leaving him with a perfect record as a manager.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 49], "content_span": [50, 452]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078376-0002-0000", "contents": "1960 Philadelphia Phillies season, Player stats, Batting, Starters by position\nNote: Pos = Position; G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 78], "content_span": [79, 203]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078376-0003-0000", "contents": "1960 Philadelphia Phillies season, Player stats, Batting, Other batters\nNote: G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 71], "content_span": [72, 180]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078376-0004-0000", "contents": "1960 Philadelphia Phillies season, Player stats, Pitching, Starting pitchers\nNote: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 76], "content_span": [77, 187]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078376-0005-0000", "contents": "1960 Philadelphia Phillies season, Player stats, Pitching, Other pitchers\nNote: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 73], "content_span": [74, 184]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078376-0006-0000", "contents": "1960 Philadelphia Phillies season, Player stats, Pitching, Relief pitchers\nNote: G = Games pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; SV = Saves; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 74], "content_span": [75, 175]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078377-0000-0000", "contents": "1960 Pittsburgh Panthers football team\nThe 1960 Pittsburgh Panthers football team represented the University of Pittsburgh in the 1960 NCAA University Division football season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [38, 38], "content_span": [39, 176]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078378-0000-0000", "contents": "1960 Pittsburgh Pirates season\nThe 1960 Pittsburgh Pirates season was the team's 79th season. The team finished with a record of 95\u201359\u20131, seven games in front of the second-place Milwaukee Braves to win their first National League championship in 33 seasons. The team went on to play the heavily favored New York Yankees, whom they defeated 4 games to 3 in one of the most storied World Series ever.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [30, 30], "content_span": [31, 399]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078378-0001-0000", "contents": "1960 Pittsburgh Pirates season, Offseason\nAt the 1959 Winter Meetings, Pirates general manager Joe L. Brown had agreed to trade Dick Groat to the Kansas City Athletics in exchange for Roger Maris. Pirates manager Danny Murtaugh had advised Brown that he did not want to lose Groat, and the deal was never finalized.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 41], "content_span": [42, 315]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078378-0002-0000", "contents": "1960 Pittsburgh Pirates season, Regular season\nOn September 6, team captain Dick Groat was drilled on his left wrist by an inside pitch from Braves pitcher Lew Burdette. Groat was lost for the rest of the season. Dick Schofield stepped in for the injured Groat and went three for three in that September 6 game. The Pirates won the game 5\u20133 and Schofield would go on to hit .414 for the rest of the season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 46], "content_span": [47, 406]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078378-0003-0000", "contents": "1960 Pittsburgh Pirates season, Regular season\nOn September 25 in Milwaukee, the Pirates clinched their first pennant in 33 years.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 46], "content_span": [47, 130]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078378-0004-0000", "contents": "1960 Pittsburgh Pirates season, Postseason, 1960 World Series\nThe 1960 Pirates team, which featured eight All-Stars, was widely predicted to lose the World Series to a powerful New York Yankees team. In one of the most memorable World Series in history, the Pirates were defeated by more than ten runs in three games, won three close games, then recovered from a 7\u20134 deficit late in Game 7 to eventually win on a walk-off home run by Bill Mazeroski, a second baseman better known for defensive wizardry.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 61], "content_span": [62, 503]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078378-0005-0000", "contents": "1960 Pittsburgh Pirates season, Postseason, Game 1\nOctober 5, 1960, at Forbes Field in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. Attendance: 36,676", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 50], "content_span": [51, 131]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078378-0006-0000", "contents": "1960 Pittsburgh Pirates season, Postseason, Game 2\nOctober 6, 1960, at Forbes Field in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. Attendance: 37,308", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 50], "content_span": [51, 131]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078378-0007-0000", "contents": "1960 Pittsburgh Pirates season, Postseason, Game 3\nOctober 8, 1960, at Yankee Stadium in New York City. Attendance: 70,001", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 50], "content_span": [51, 122]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078378-0008-0000", "contents": "1960 Pittsburgh Pirates season, Postseason, Game 4\nOctober 9, 1960, at Yankee Stadium in New York City. Attendance: 67,812", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 50], "content_span": [51, 122]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078378-0009-0000", "contents": "1960 Pittsburgh Pirates season, Postseason, Game 5\nOctober 10, 1960, at Yankee Stadium in New York City. Attendance: 62,753", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 50], "content_span": [51, 123]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078378-0010-0000", "contents": "1960 Pittsburgh Pirates season, Postseason, Game 6\nOctober 12, 1960, at Forbes Field in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. Attendance: 38,580", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 50], "content_span": [51, 132]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078378-0011-0000", "contents": "1960 Pittsburgh Pirates season, Postseason, Game 7\nOctober 13, 1960, at Forbes Field in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. Attendance: 36,683", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 50], "content_span": [51, 132]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078378-0012-0000", "contents": "1960 Pittsburgh Pirates season, Postseason, Composite Box\n1960 World Series (4\u20133): Pittsburgh Pirates (N.L.) over New York Yankees (A.L.)", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 57], "content_span": [58, 137]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078378-0013-0000", "contents": "1960 Pittsburgh Pirates season, Awards and honors, All-Stars\n1960 Major League Baseball All-Star Game, 1960 Major League Baseball All-Star Game", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 60], "content_span": [61, 143]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078379-0000-0000", "contents": "1960 Pittsburgh Steelers season\nThe 1960 Pittsburgh Steelers season was the franchise's 28th in the National Football League. They compiled a 5\u20136\u20131 record and a fifth-place finish under head coach Buddy Parker while playing their home games at Forbes Field.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [31, 31], "content_span": [32, 257]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078379-0001-0000", "contents": "1960 Pittsburgh Steelers season, Preseason\nAmong the Steelers' preseason games in 1960 was an exhibition match with the Toronto Argonauts of the Canadian Football League; the Steelers won handily, 43\u201316. Forty-eight years later, the Steelers will return to Toronto to face the Buffalo Bills as the first game in the Toronto Series.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 42], "content_span": [43, 331]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078379-0002-0000", "contents": "1960 Pittsburgh Steelers season, Regular season, Standings\nNote: Tie games were not officially counted in the standings until 1972.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 58], "content_span": [59, 131]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078380-0000-0000", "contents": "1960 Portuguese Grand Prix\nThe 1960 Portuguese Grand Prix was a Formula One motor race held at Circuito da Boavista, Oporto on 14 August 1960. It was race 8 of 10 in the 1960 World Championship of Drivers and race 7 of 9 in the 1960 International Cup for Formula One Manufacturers.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [26, 26], "content_span": [27, 281]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078380-0001-0000", "contents": "1960 Portuguese Grand Prix\nScottish racing legend Jim Clark scored his first ever Formula One podium at this race.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [26, 26], "content_span": [27, 114]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078380-0002-0000", "contents": "1960 Portuguese Grand Prix\nJohn Surtees achieved his first pole position at this race.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 26], "section_span": [26, 26], "content_span": [27, 86]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078381-0000-0000", "contents": "1960 Pre-Olympic Basketball Tournament\nThe 1960 Pre-Olympic Basketball Tournament was the final qualifying tournament for basketball at the 1960 Summer Olympics at Rome, and was held at the Palazzo dello Sport in Bologna on August 13\u201320. Teams were divided into two pools, with both pools having distinct preliminary and final rounds; the preliminary round in every pool was divided into two groups with either 4 or 5 teams. The top two teams per group advanced to the final round. The best two from each final round qualified directly for the Olympic Games, and the fifth spot was decided between the third best of both groups in a final match.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [38, 38], "content_span": [39, 645]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078382-0000-0000", "contents": "1960 Preakness Stakes\nThe 1960 Preakness Stakes was the 85th running of the $175,000 Preakness Stakes thoroughbred horse race. The race took place on May 21, 1960, and was televised in the United States on the CBS television network. Bally Ache, who was jockeyed by Robert Ussery, won the race by four lengths over runner-up Victoria Park. Approximate post time was 5:48\u00a0p.m. Eastern Time. The race was run on a fast track in a final time of 1:57-3/5  The Maryland Jockey Club reported total attendance of 30,659, this is recorded as second highest on the list of American thoroughbred racing top attended events for North America in 1960.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [21, 21], "content_span": [22, 639]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078383-0000-0000", "contents": "1960 Primera Divisi\u00f3n de Chile\nThe 1960 Campeonato Nacional de F\u00fatbol Profesional, was the 28th season of top-flight football in Chile. Colo-Colo won their eighth title following a 5\u20132 win against Rangers in the championship last match day on 10 December 1960, also qualifying to the 1961 Copa de Campeones de America.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [30, 30], "content_span": [31, 318]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078384-0000-0000", "contents": "1960 Princeton Tigers football team\nThe 1960 Princeton Tigers football team was an American football team that represented Princeton University during the 1960 NCAA University Division football season. Princeton finished second in the Ivy League.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [35, 35], "content_span": [36, 246]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078384-0001-0000", "contents": "1960 Princeton Tigers football team\nIn their fourth year under head coach Dick Colman, the Tigers compiled a 7\u20132 record and outscored opponents 232 to 133. Donald M. Kornrumpf was the team captain.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [35, 35], "content_span": [36, 197]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078384-0002-0000", "contents": "1960 Princeton Tigers football team\nPrinceton's 6\u20131 conference record was second-best in the Ivy League standings. The Tigers outscored Ivy opponents 188 to 94.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [35, 35], "content_span": [36, 160]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078384-0003-0000", "contents": "1960 Princeton Tigers football team\nPrinceton played its home games at Palmer Stadium on the university campus in Princeton, New Jersey.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [35, 35], "content_span": [36, 136]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078385-0000-0000", "contents": "1960 Pro Bowl\nThe 1960 Pro Bowl was the NFL's tenth annual all-star game which featured the outstanding performers from the 1959 season. The game was played on Saturday, January 17, 1960, at the Los Angeles Memorial Coliseum in Los Angeles, California in front of 58,876. The final score was West 38, East 21.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 13], "section_span": [13, 13], "content_span": [14, 309]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078385-0001-0000", "contents": "1960 Pro Bowl\nThe East team was led by the Philadelphia Eagles' Buck Shaw while Red Hickey of the San Francisco 49ers coached the West squad. The Baltimore Colts swept the player of the game awards, with quarterback Johnny Unitas, the NFL MVP for 1959, being voted the outstanding back and defensive lineman Eugene Lipscomb named the outstanding lineman.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 13], "section_span": [13, 13], "content_span": [14, 354]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078386-0000-0000", "contents": "1960 Provincial Speedway League\nThe 1960 Provincial Speedway League was the first season of the re-incarnated Provincial League, ten motorcycle speedway teams took part.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [31, 31], "content_span": [32, 169]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078386-0001-0000", "contents": "1960 Provincial Speedway League, Summary\nThe league was dominated by Rayleigh, Poole and Bristol. Rayleigh and Poole finished on the same points, but Rayleigh triumphed with a superior amount of race points scored. At the end of the season Liverpool and Yarmouth folded and Bristol closed after their track was sold for redevelopment.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 40], "content_span": [41, 334]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078386-0002-0000", "contents": "1960 Provincial Speedway League, Final table\nM = Matches; W = Wins; D = Draws; L = Losses; Pts = Total Points", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 44], "content_span": [45, 109]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078386-0003-0000", "contents": "1960 Provincial Speedway League, Provincial League Knockout Cup\nThe 1960 Provincial League Knockout Cup was the first edition of the Knockout Cup for the Provincial League teams. Bristol Bulldogs were the winners.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 63], "content_span": [64, 213]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078387-0000-0000", "contents": "1960 Puerto Rican general election\nThe 1960 Puerto Rican general elections were held in Puerto Rico on 8 November 1960. Luis Mu\u00f1oz Mar\u00edn of the Popular Democratic Party was re-elected as governor, whilst the PPD also won a majority of the vote in the House of Representatives elections. Voter turnout was 84.6%.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [34, 34], "content_span": [35, 311]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078388-0000-0000", "contents": "1960 Puerto Rican judicial reform referendum\nA referendum on judicial reform was held in Puerto Rico on 8 November 1960. The changes were approved by 78.4% of voters.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [44, 44], "content_span": [45, 166]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078390-0000-0000", "contents": "1960 Purdue Boilermakers football team\nThe 1960 Purdue Boilermakers football team was an American football team that represented Purdue University during the 1960 Big Ten Conference football season. In their fifth season under head coach Jack Mollenkopf, the Boilermakers compiled a 4\u20134\u20131 record, finished in a four-way tie for fifth place in the Big Ten Conference with a 3\u20134 record against conference opponents, and outscored all opponents by a combined total of 212 to 163.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [38, 38], "content_span": [39, 476]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078391-0000-0000", "contents": "1960 Quebec general election\nThe 1960 Quebec general election was held on June 22, 1960, to elect members of the Legislative Assembly of Quebec, Canada. It was one of the most significant elections in Quebec history, rivalled perhaps only by the 1976 general election. The incumbent Union Nationale, led by Antonio Barrette, was defeated by the Quebec Liberal Party, led by Jean Lesage.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [28, 28], "content_span": [29, 386]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078391-0001-0000", "contents": "1960 Quebec general election\nThe 1960 election set the stage for the Quiet Revolution, a major social transformation of all aspects of Quebec society throughout the 1960s. Among many other changes, the influence and power of the Catholic Church fell sharply as Quebec became a secular society.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [28, 28], "content_span": [29, 293]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078391-0002-0000", "contents": "1960 Quebec general election\nThis election put an end to 16 years of continuous Union Nationale rule, much of it under Maurice Duplessis. Duplessis had died in 1959, ending a period that was later derisively referred to as La Grande Noirceur (the Great Darkness).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [28, 28], "content_span": [29, 263]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078391-0003-0000", "contents": "1960 Quebec general election\nDuplessis' successor, longtime minister Paul Sauv\u00e9, saw the need to modernize a government that had long been one of the most conservative provincial governments in Canada. He initiated a \"hundred days of change\" that began to transform Quebec society, but they were cut short when Sauv\u00e9 died suddenly after only a few months in office. He was succeeded by another longtime minister, Antonio Barrette. However, with its second new leader in less than a year and its third in less than two years, the Union Nationale was thus in disarray when it went into the election.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [28, 28], "content_span": [29, 597]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078392-0000-0000", "contents": "1960 Queensland state election\nElections were held in the Australian state of Queensland on 28 May 1960 to elect the 78 members of the state's Legislative Assembly. The election followed the enactment of the Electoral Districts Act 1958 which increased the Assembly from 75 to 78 seats and modified the zonal system first established by Labor ahead of the 1950 election.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [30, 30], "content_span": [31, 370]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078392-0001-0000", "contents": "1960 Queensland state election\nThe major parties contesting the election were the Country Party led by Premier Frank Nicklin, the Liberal Party led by Kenneth Morris, the Labor Party led by Jack Duggan and the Queensland Labor Party led by Vince Gair. The Country and Liberal parties had formed a coalition.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [30, 30], "content_span": [31, 307]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078392-0002-0000", "contents": "1960 Queensland state election\nThe Country-Liberal coalition won a second term in office at the election, although the Labor Party recovered 5 seats and 11% of its vote from the 1957 election. Still, it was the first time since 1912 that a non-Labor government had been re-elected in Queensland.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [30, 30], "content_span": [31, 295]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078392-0003-0000", "contents": "1960 Queensland state election, Results\nQueensland state election, 28 May 1960Legislative Assembly << 1957\u20131963 >>", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 39], "content_span": [40, 114]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078392-0004-0000", "contents": "1960 Queensland state election, Seats changing party representation\nThere was an extensive redistribution across Queensland prior to this election, increasing the amount of seats from 75 to 78. The seat changes are as follows.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [32, 67], "content_span": [68, 226]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078393-0000-0000", "contents": "1960 RB-47 shootdown incident\nOn 1 July 1960, a United States RB-47H spy plane was shot down by the Soviet Air Defence Forces while performing signals intelligence in the Barents Sea, near the Kola Peninsula, off the Arctic coast of the Soviet Union. Four of the six crew members died. The shootdown occurred exactly two months after the far better known U-2 shootdown involving Francis Gary Powers, and added to the tensions created by that incident.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [29, 29], "content_span": [30, 451]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078393-0001-0000", "contents": "1960 RB-47 shootdown incident\nThe plane was part of the 55th Strategic Reconnaissance Wing and took off from RAF Brize Norton airbase in the UK. It was shot down by Soviet pilot Vasily Polyakov in a MiG-19. The US position was that the plane was in international waters, and this was later corroborated by information provided by spy Oleg Penkovsky.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [29, 29], "content_span": [30, 349]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078393-0002-0000", "contents": "1960 RB-47 shootdown incident\nThree of the crewmen (reconnaissance officers Capt. Oscar Goforth, Capt. Dean Phillips, and Capt. Eugene Posa) were missing in action, and the remains of one other (aircraft commander Maj. Willard Palm) were recovered. The two survivors, navigator Captain John R. McKone and co-pilot Captain Freeman \"Bruce\" Olmstead, were picked up by Soviet fishing trawlers and held in Lubyanka prison in Moscow until immediately after the inauguration of newly-elected US president Kennedy, when they were released by Soviet leader Nikita Khrushchev as a goodwill gesture.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [29, 29], "content_span": [30, 589]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078393-0003-0000", "contents": "1960 RB-47 shootdown incident\nMcKone and Olmstead appeared on the cover of the 3 February 1961 issue of Time magazine. In his news conference on 21 April 1961, President Kennedy was asked if the dropping of charges against an accused Soviet spy was in exchange for the release of the RB-47 aviators. The president denied this.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [29, 29], "content_span": [30, 326]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078393-0004-0000", "contents": "1960 RB-47 shootdown incident\nAs a result of their involvement in the incident, Olmstead and McKone received POW medals in 1996 and Silver Star medals in 2004, as well as the Distinguished Flying Cross.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [29, 29], "content_span": [30, 202]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078394-0000-0000", "contents": "1960 Railway Cup Hurling Championship\nThis is the current revision of this page, as edited by DavidTC1977 (talk | contribs) at 19:28, 8 April 2020 (\u2192\u200eResults). The present address (URL) is a permanent link to this version.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [37, 37], "content_span": [38, 222]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078394-0001-0000", "contents": "1960 Railway Cup Hurling Championship\nThe 1960 Railway Cup Hurling Championship was the 34th series of the inter-provincial hurling Railway Cup. Three matches were played between 21 February 1960 and 17 March 1960 to decide the title. It was contested by Connacht, Leinster, Ulster and Munster.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [37, 37], "content_span": [38, 294]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078394-0002-0000", "contents": "1960 Railway Cup Hurling Championship\nOn 17 March 1960, Munster won the Railway Cup after a 6-06 to 2-07 defeat of Leinster in the final at Croke Park, Dublin. It was their fourth Railway Cup title in succession.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [37, 37], "content_span": [38, 212]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078394-0003-0000", "contents": "1960 Railway Cup Hurling Championship\nMunster's Paddy Barry was the Railway Cup top scorer with 4-01.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [37, 37], "content_span": [38, 101]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078395-0000-0000", "contents": "1960 Republican National Convention\nThe 1960 National Convention of the Republican Party of the United States was held in Chicago, Illinois, from July 25 to July 28, 1960, at the International Amphitheatre. It was the 14th and most recent time overall that Chicago hosted the Republican National Convention, more times than any other city.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [35, 35], "content_span": [36, 339]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078395-0001-0000", "contents": "1960 Republican National Convention\nThe convention nominated Vice President Richard M. Nixon for president and former Senator Henry Cabot Lodge Jr. of Massachusetts for vice president.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [35, 35], "content_span": [36, 184]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078395-0002-0000", "contents": "1960 Republican National Convention, The Presidency\nBy the time the Republican convention opened, Nixon had no opponents for the nomination. The highlight of the convention was the speech by U.S. Senator Barry Goldwater of Arizona removing himself from the race, in which he called on conservatives to \"take back\" the party. Nixon won easily, earning 1,321 votes to 10 for Goldwater. At the convention, Nixon promised that he would visit every state during his campaign.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 51], "content_span": [52, 470]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078395-0003-0000", "contents": "1960 Republican National Convention, The Vice Presidency\nAfter winning the presidential nomination, Nixon considered several candidates for the vice presidential nomination. Incumbent President Dwight D. Eisenhower strongly supported Henry Cabot Lodge Jr., the United States Ambassador to the United Nations. Though Lodge was not viewed by Republicans as a charismatic speaker, his foreign policy experience made him an appealing candidate.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 56], "content_span": [57, 440]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078395-0004-0000", "contents": "1960 Republican National Convention, The Vice Presidency\nLodge was unpopular with the conservative wing of the party, who regarded him as a Northeastern moderate. As a result of the conservatives' coolness toward Lodge, Nixon strongly considered conservative Minnesota Representative Walter Judd and U.S. Senator Thruston Morton of Kentucky, an establishment Republican who was more moderate than Judd but had a high profile as chairman of the Republican National Committee.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 56], "content_span": [57, 474]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078395-0005-0000", "contents": "1960 Republican National Convention, The Vice Presidency\nAfter deciding on Lodge, Nixon participated in a closed session with party leaders, who concurred with his preference. After the session, Nixon announced his choice publicly, and the convention ratified it.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 56], "content_span": [57, 263]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078395-0006-0000", "contents": "1960 Republican National Convention, General election\nThe Nixon-Lodge ticket lost the 1960 election to the Democratic ticket of John F. Kennedy and Lyndon B. Johnson.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 53], "content_span": [54, 166]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078396-0000-0000", "contents": "1960 Republican Party presidential primaries\nFrom March 8 to June 7, 1960, voters of the Republican Party chose its nominee for president in the 1960 United States presidential election. Incumbent Vice President Richard Nixon was selected as the nominee through a series of primary elections and caucuses culminating in the 1960 Republican National Convention held from July 25 to July 28, 1960, in Chicago, Illinois.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [44, 44], "content_span": [45, 417]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078396-0001-0000", "contents": "1960 Republican Party presidential primaries\nAt this time, primaries were not conclusive in deciding a party's nominee. However, Nixon faced no formidable opposition. He swept the primaries without difficulty and received the nomination unanimously at the July convention. He was briefly opposed by Governor Nelson Rockefeller of New York, who withdrew and endorsed Nixon after struggling in the polls.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [44, 44], "content_span": [45, 402]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078396-0002-0000", "contents": "1960 Republican Party presidential primaries, Candidates, Major candidates\nThese candidates participated in multiple state primaries or were included in multiple major national polls.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [46, 74], "content_span": [75, 183]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078396-0003-0000", "contents": "1960 Republican Party presidential primaries, Candidates, Favorite sons\nThe following candidates ran only in their home state's primary or caucus for the purpose of controlling its delegate slate at the convention and did not appear to be considered national candidates by the media.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [46, 71], "content_span": [72, 283]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078396-0004-0000", "contents": "1960 Republican Party presidential primaries, Candidates, Declined to run\nThe following persons were listed in two or more major national polls or were the subject of media speculation surrounding their potential candidacy, but declined to actively seek the nomination.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [46, 73], "content_span": [74, 269]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078397-0000-0000", "contents": "1960 Republican Party vice presidential candidate selection\nThis article lists those who were potential candidates for the Republican nomination for Vice President of the United States in the 1960 election. After winning the Republican presidential nomination at the 1960 Republican National Convention, Vice President Richard Nixon needed to choose a running mate. President Dwight D. Eisenhower strongly supported UN Ambassador Henry Cabot Lodge Jr.. Though Lodge lacked charisma as a campaigner, his foreign policy experience and stature as ambassador made him an appealing candidate. However, Lodge was unpopular with the Republican right, who did not want a Northeastern moderate on the ticket.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 59], "section_span": [59, 59], "content_span": [60, 699]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078397-0000-0001", "contents": "1960 Republican Party vice presidential candidate selection\nNixon also strongly considered conservative Minnesota Representative Walter Judd and moderate Kentucky Senator Thruston Morton. After a closed session with Republican Party leaders, Nixon announced his choice of Lodge. The Republican convention ratified Nixon's choice of Lodge. The Nixon-Lodge ticket lost the 1960 election to the Democratic ticket of John F. Kennedy and Lyndon B. Johnson.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 59], "section_span": [59, 59], "content_span": [60, 451]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078397-0001-0000", "contents": "1960 Republican Party vice presidential candidate selection, Potential running mates, Others\nFord would eventually be chosen as Vice President by President Nixon in 1973 to replace Spiro Agnew and Ford would succeed to the presidency when Nixon resigned in 1974.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 59], "section_span": [61, 92], "content_span": [93, 262]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078398-0000-0000", "contents": "1960 Rhode Island Rams football team\nThe 1960 Rhode Island Rams football team was an American football team that represented the University of Rhode Island as a member of the Yankee Conference during the 1960 NCAA College Division football season. In its fifth and final season under head coach Herb Maack, the team compiled a 3\u20135 record (1\u20134 against conference opponents), finished in fifth place out of six teams in the Yankee Conference, and was outscored by a total of 150 to 132. The team played its home games at Meade Stadium in Kingston, Rhode Island.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [36, 36], "content_span": [37, 559]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078399-0000-0000", "contents": "1960 Rhode Island gubernatorial election\nThe 1960 Rhode Island gubernatorial election was held on November 8, 1960. Democratic nominee John A. Notte Jr. defeated incumbent Republican Christopher Del Sesto with 56.64% of the vote.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [40, 40], "content_span": [41, 229]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078400-0000-0000", "contents": "1960 Rice Owls football team\nThe 1960 Rice Owls football team represented Rice University during the 1960 NCAA University Division football season. The Owls were led by 21st-year head coach Jess Neely and played their home games at Rice Stadium in Houston, Texas. They competed as members of the Southwest Conference, finishing tied for second. After losing the season opener to Georgia Tech, Rice went on a five game winning streak, reaching as high as 10th in the AP Poll. After losing to SWC foes Arkansas and Baylor, they dropped from the rankings. Regardless, Rice received an invitation to the 1961 Sugar Bowl, played on New Years Day, where they were defeated by co-national champion Ole Miss.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [28, 28], "content_span": [29, 700]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078401-0000-0000", "contents": "1960 Rio de Janeiro mid-air collision\nThe 1960 Rio de Janeiro mid-air collision was an aerial collision between two aircraft over Rio de Janeiro, Brazil on February 25, 1960. A United States Navy Douglas R6D-1 (DC-6A) (BuNo 131582) flying from Buenos Aires-Ezeiza to Rio de Janeiro-Gale\u00e3o Air Force Base collided over Guanabara Bay, close to the Sugarloaf Mountain, with a Real Transportes A\u00e9reos Douglas DC-3, registration PP-AXD, operating flight 751 from Campos dos Goytacazes to Rio de Janeiro-Santos Dumont Airport. The crash occurred at 16:10 local time at an altitude of 1,600 meters (5,249 feet).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [37, 37], "content_span": [38, 604]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078401-0001-0000", "contents": "1960 Rio de Janeiro mid-air collision\nThe US Navy aircraft was carrying members of the United States Navy Band to Brazil to perform at a diplomatic reception attended by US President Dwight D. Eisenhower. Of the 38 occupants of the American aircraft, 3 survived. All 26 passengers and crew of the Brazilian aircraft died. The probable causes of the accident are disputed, but include human error, both air and ground, and faulty equipment.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [37, 37], "content_span": [38, 439]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078402-0000-0000", "contents": "1960 Roller Hockey World Cup\nThe 1960 Roller Hockey World Cup was the fourteenth roller hockey world cup, organized by the F\u00e9d\u00e9ration Internationale de Patinage a Roulettes (now under the name of F\u00e9d\u00e9ration Internationale de Roller Sports). It was contested by 10 national teams (8 from Europe, 1 from Africa and 1 from South America). All the games were played in the city of Madrid, in Spain, the chosen city to host the World Cup.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [28, 28], "content_span": [29, 433]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078403-0000-0000", "contents": "1960 Rose Bowl\nThe 1960 Rose Bowl was the 46th edition of the college football bowl game, played at the Rose Bowl in Pasadena, California, on Friday, January 1, 1960, at the end of the 1959 season. This was the first Rose Bowl appearance by the Huskies since 1944 and the first appearance by the Badgers since 1953. This was the first time these two football programs met on the field. The Washington Huskies defeated the Wisconsin Badgers, 44\u20138.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [14, 14], "content_span": [15, 446]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078403-0001-0000", "contents": "1960 Rose Bowl\nThe face value of a game ticket was six dollars.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [14, 14], "content_span": [15, 63]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078403-0002-0000", "contents": "1960 Rose Bowl, Teams, Washington Huskies\nThe Washington Huskies were the first conference champions of the newly-formed Athletic Association of Western Universities (AAWU), commonly referred to as the \"Big Five\" at the time (and now as the Pac-12). The conference formed in the wake of the \"pay for play\" scandal and collapse of the Pacific Coast Conference (PCC) after the 1958 season. As a result of the demise of the PCC, the Rose Bowl had no contractual agreement with either the Big Five or Big Ten to send their champions to the game: both teams received \"at-large\" invitations and accepted.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [16, 41], "content_span": [42, 598]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078403-0003-0000", "contents": "1960 Rose Bowl, Teams, Washington Huskies\nWashington, USC, and UCLA all finished with 3\u20131 conference records. Washington had defeated UCLA, which had defeated USC, which had defeated Washington. The USC loss was the only one for Washington, and the Huskies had the best record in the AAWU. Washington entered the game as the West representative, the first champions of the newly-formed AAWU conference. They were led by quarterback Bob Schloredt, a 20-year-old junior who \"conspicuously lack[ed] his trade's traditional egotism,\" stating \"I consider myself just adequate.\" Remarkably, he was also 90% blind in his left eye.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [16, 41], "content_span": [42, 623]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078403-0004-0000", "contents": "1960 Rose Bowl, Teams, Wisconsin Badgers\nWisconsin, the Big Ten Conference champion, had a 7\u20132 regular season record, with losses to Purdue and Illinois. Despite the similarity in the poll rankings, Wisconsin entered the game as a 6\u00bd-point favorite, due in part to recent dominance of the Big Ten in recent Rose Bowl games, winning twelve of thirteen.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [16, 40], "content_span": [41, 351]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078403-0005-0000", "contents": "1960 Rose Bowl, Aftermath\nWashington quarterback Bob Schloredt and halfback George Fleming were named a co-Players of the Game. Schloredt was subsequently named the Player of the Game the following year, the first in the history of the Rose Bowl to be twice-honored. In 1970, Fleming became the first African-American to be elected to the Washington state senate.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [16, 25], "content_span": [26, 363]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078404-0000-0000", "contents": "1960 Rugby League World Cup\nThe 1960 Rugby League World Cup was the third staging of the tournament and the first Rugby League World Cup to be held in Great Britain. The same format as used in 1957 was used, with a group stage leading to a final table.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [27, 27], "content_span": [28, 252]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078404-0001-0000", "contents": "1960 Rugby League World Cup\nThe 1960 World Cup raised problems which had not really affected the previous tournaments. Live television of complete games was held responsible for lower than anticipated attendances, the largest crowd being the 32,773 which gathered at Odsal for the deciding match between Australia and the hosts.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [27, 27], "content_span": [28, 328]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078404-0002-0000", "contents": "1960 Rugby League World Cup\nFor Australia the World Cup matches formed part of their Kangaroo Tour of Great Britain and France.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [27, 27], "content_span": [28, 127]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078405-0000-0000", "contents": "1960 Rugby League World Cup squads\nFour teams that took part at the 1960 Rugby League World Cup.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [34, 34], "content_span": [35, 96]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078405-0001-0000", "contents": "1960 Rugby League World Cup squads\nThe Rugby League News listed the squads of the four teams in its October 1960 issue, published after the first round of matches.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [34, 34], "content_span": [35, 163]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078405-0002-0000", "contents": "1960 Rugby League World Cup squads, Australia\nKeith Barnes led the team as captain/coach. The team was co-managed by Pat Duggan (Ipswich, Qld) and John O'Toole (Bathurst, NSW). Beattie, Boden, Kelly, Morgan, Muir, Parcell and Rasmussen were selected from Queensland clubs. Hambly was from a club in the New South Wales Country area. The balance of the squad had played for Sydney based clubs during the 1960 season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [36, 45], "content_span": [46, 415]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078405-0003-0000", "contents": "1960 Rugby League World Cup squads, Australia\nThe following players were members of the touring squad, but did not play in World Cup matches.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [36, 45], "content_span": [46, 141]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078405-0004-0000", "contents": "1960 Rugby League World Cup squads, Australia, Post-Cup Tour Matches\nAfter the Cup concluded, five Australians \u2014 Boden, Muir, Hambly, Beattie and Rayner \u2014 played for The Rest in a match against Great Britain at Odsal Stadium, Bradford on October 10, 1960. Australia then played two matches, against English club St Helens at St. Helen's on October 12, and against a French 13 at Toulouse, on October 16. The Rugby League Newspublished the number appearances, tries, goals and points of the Australian players in the January 1961 issue.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [36, 68], "content_span": [69, 535]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078406-0000-0000", "contents": "1960 Rutgers Scarlet Knights football team\nThe 1960 Rutgers Scarlet Knights football team represented Rutgers University in the 1960 NCAA University Division football season. In their first season under head coach John F. Bateman, the Scarlet Knights compiled an 8\u20131 record, won the Middle Three Conference championship, outscored their opponents 225 to 69.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 42], "section_span": [42, 42], "content_span": [43, 357]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078406-0001-0000", "contents": "1960 Rutgers Scarlet Knights football team\nThe team's statistical leaders included Sam Mudie with 452 passing yards, Steve Simms with 613 rushing yards, and Arnie Byrd with 269 receiving yards.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 42], "section_span": [42, 42], "content_span": [43, 193]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078407-0000-0000", "contents": "1960 SANFL Grand Final\nThe 1960 SANFL Grand Final was an Australian rules football competition. North Adelaide beat Norwood 95 to 90. North Adelaide won by 5 points. Norwood had led by 8 points late in the last quarter before North scored 3 goals 1 behind in 5 minutes to take an 11 point lead into time on. Norwood scored a late goal but North then held the ball in their forward lines until the siren sounded just as Norwood were streaming out of defence.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [22, 22], "content_span": [23, 457]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078408-0000-0000", "contents": "1960 SANFL season\nThe 1960 South Australian National Football League season was the 81st season of the top-level Australian rules football competition in South Australia.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [17, 17], "content_span": [18, 170]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078408-0001-0000", "contents": "1960 SANFL season\nNorth Adelaide won the 1960 Grand Final, defeating Norwood by 5 points.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [17, 17], "content_span": [18, 89]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078409-0000-0000", "contents": "1960 SCCA National Sports Car Championship\nThe 1960 SCCA National Sports Car Championship season was the tenth season of the Sports Car Club of America's National Sports Car Championship. It began April 3, 1960, and ended November 13, 1960, after seventeen races.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 42], "section_span": [42, 42], "content_span": [43, 263]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078410-0000-0000", "contents": "1960 Sacramento State Hornets football team\nThe 1960 Sacramento State Hornets football team represented Sacramento State College during the 1960 NCAA College Division football season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 43], "section_span": [43, 43], "content_span": [44, 183]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078410-0001-0000", "contents": "1960 Sacramento State Hornets football team\nSacramento State competed in the Far Western Conference (FWC). The Hornets were led by fourth-year head coach Johnny Baker. They played home games at Charles C. Hughes Stadium in Sacramento, California. The team finished the season with a record of five wins and five losses (5\u20135, 2\u20133 FWC). For the season the team outscored its opponents 163\u2013132.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 43], "section_span": [43, 43], "content_span": [44, 391]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078410-0002-0000", "contents": "1960 Sacramento State Hornets football team, Team players in the NFL\nNo Sacramento State players were selected in the 1961 NFL Draft.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 43], "section_span": [45, 68], "content_span": [69, 133]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078411-0000-0000", "contents": "1960 Saint Louis Billikens men's soccer team\nThe 1960 Saint Louis Billikens men's soccer team represented Saint Louis University during the 1960 NCAA Division I men's soccer season. The Billikens won their second NCAA title this season. It was the third-ever season the Billikens fielded a men's varsity soccer team.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [44, 44], "content_span": [45, 316]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078412-0000-0000", "contents": "1960 Salvadoran legislative election\nLegislative elections were held in El Salvador on 24 April 1960. The result was a victory for the Revolutionary Party of Democratic Unification, which won all 54 seats after the Central Electoral Council had disqualified the candidates of the Renovating Action Party in seven of fourteen constituencies.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [36, 36], "content_span": [37, 340]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078413-0000-0000", "contents": "1960 San Diego State Aztecs football team\nThe 1960 San Diego State Aztecs football team represented San Diego State College during the 1960 NCAA College Division football season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 41], "section_span": [41, 41], "content_span": [42, 178]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078413-0001-0000", "contents": "1960 San Diego State Aztecs football team\nSan Diego State competed in the California Collegiate Athletic Association (CCAA). The team was led by head coach Paul Governali, in his fifth (and last) year, and played home games at Aztec Bowl. They finished the season with one win, six losses and one tie (1\u20136\u20131, 0\u20135\u20130 CCAA). The Aztecs were shutout four times and scored only 53 points in their eight games, while giving up 207.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 41], "section_span": [41, 41], "content_span": [42, 425]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078413-0002-0000", "contents": "1960 San Diego State Aztecs football team, Team players in the NFL/AFL\nNo San Diego State players were selected in the 1961 NFL Draft or 1961 AFL Draft.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 41], "section_span": [43, 70], "content_span": [71, 152]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078414-0000-0000", "contents": "1960 San Francisco 49ers season\nThe 1960 San Francisco 49ers season was the franchise's 11th season in the National Football League and their 15th overall. The team was able to match their 7\u20135 output from the previous year. However, they again failed to make the playoffs. The season did have a silver lining, though, as the 49ers' defense was top-ranked in the league, allowing only 205 points.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [31, 31], "content_span": [32, 395]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078414-0001-0000", "contents": "1960 San Francisco 49ers season\nThe 49ers tied Detroit for second place in the Western Conference, a game behind the Green Bay Packers, but the Lions went to the inaugural third place Playoff Bowl in Miami in January. The teams had split their season series and the Lions won the tiebreaker based on points differential. The 49ers lost both games with Green Bay, the latter at home in the mud in December.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [31, 31], "content_span": [32, 405]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078414-0002-0000", "contents": "1960 San Francisco 49ers season, Standings\nNote: Tie games were not officially counted in the standings until 1972.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 42], "content_span": [43, 115]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078415-0000-0000", "contents": "1960 San Francisco Giants season\nThe 1960 San Francisco Giants season was the Giants' 78th year in Major League Baseball. The team moved their home games from Seals Stadium to the new Candlestick Park. In their third season in the Golden Gate City, the Giants finished in fifth place in the National League, 16 games behind the World Champion Pittsburgh Pirates. The Giants hit 62 triples, the most in the club's San Francisco era.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [32, 32], "content_span": [33, 431]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078415-0001-0000", "contents": "1960 San Francisco Giants season, Regular season, Candlestick Park\nThe Giants selected the name of Candlestick Park after a name-the-park contest on March 3, 1959. Prior to that, its construction site had been shown on maps as the generic Bay View Stadium. It was the first modern baseball stadium, as it was the first to be built entirely of reinforced concrete. Richard Nixon threw out the first baseball on the opening day of Candlestick Park on April 12, 1960, and called it the finest ballpark in the country.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 66], "content_span": [67, 514]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078415-0002-0000", "contents": "1960 San Francisco Giants season, Player stats, Batting, Starters by position\nNote: Pos = Position; G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 77], "content_span": [78, 202]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078415-0003-0000", "contents": "1960 San Francisco Giants season, Player stats, Batting, Other batters\nNote: G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 70], "content_span": [71, 179]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078415-0004-0000", "contents": "1960 San Francisco Giants season, Player stats, Pitching, Starting pitchers\nNote: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 75], "content_span": [76, 186]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078415-0005-0000", "contents": "1960 San Francisco Giants season, Player stats, Pitching, Other pitchers\nNote: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 72], "content_span": [73, 183]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078415-0006-0000", "contents": "1960 San Francisco Giants season, Player stats, Pitching, Relief pitchers\nNote: G = Games pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; SV = Saves; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 73], "content_span": [74, 174]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078416-0000-0000", "contents": "1960 San Francisco State Gators football team\nThe 1960 San Francisco State Gators football team represented San Francisco State College during the 1960 NCAA College Division football season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 45], "section_span": [45, 45], "content_span": [46, 190]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078416-0001-0000", "contents": "1960 San Francisco State Gators football team\nSan Francisco State competed in the Far Western Conference (FWC). They played home games at Cox Stadium in San Francisco, California. The team finished the season with a record of nine wins and one loss (9\u20131, 4\u20131 FWC). For the season the team outscored its opponents 247\u201347. The Gators were dominant through much of the season, giving up a touchdown or less in nine of the ten games.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 45], "section_span": [45, 45], "content_span": [46, 429]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078416-0002-0000", "contents": "1960 San Francisco State Gators football team\nThe Gators were led by head coach Joe Verducci in his 11th, and last year at the helm. In eleven years under Verducci, the Gators had a record of 74\u201331, for a winning percentage of .704. Verducci's teams won the conference title six times, and they appeared in one bowl game (the 1950 Pear Bowl).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 45], "section_span": [45, 45], "content_span": [46, 342]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078416-0003-0000", "contents": "1960 San Francisco State Gators football team, Team players in the NFL / AFL\nThe following San Francisco State players were selected in the 1961 NFL Draft.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 45], "section_span": [47, 76], "content_span": [77, 155]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078416-0004-0000", "contents": "1960 San Francisco State Gators football team, Team players in the NFL / AFL\nThe following San Francisco State players were selected in the 1961 AFL Draft.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 45], "section_span": [47, 76], "content_span": [77, 155]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078416-0005-0000", "contents": "1960 San Francisco State Gators football team, Team players in the NFL / AFL\nThe following player did not play football at San Francisco State, but completed his graduate degree at San Francisco State while playing in the NFL.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 45], "section_span": [47, 76], "content_span": [77, 226]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078417-0000-0000", "contents": "1960 San Jose State Spartans football team\nThe 1960 San Jose State Spartans football team represented San Jose State College during the 1960 NCAA University Division football season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 42], "section_span": [42, 42], "content_span": [43, 182]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078417-0001-0000", "contents": "1960 San Jose State Spartans football team\nSan Jose State played as an Independent in 1960. The team was led by fourth-year head coach Bob Titchenal, and played home games at Spartan Stadium in San Jose, California. The Spartans finished the 1960 season with a record of five wins and four losses (5\u20134). Overall, the team was outscored by its opponents 175\u2013176 for the season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 42], "section_span": [42, 42], "content_span": [43, 376]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078417-0002-0000", "contents": "1960 San Jose State Spartans football team, Team players in the NFL/AFL\nThe following San Jose State players were selected in the 1961 NFL Draft.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 42], "section_span": [44, 71], "content_span": [72, 145]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078417-0003-0000", "contents": "1960 San Jose State Spartans football team, Team players in the NFL/AFL\nThe following San Jose State players were selected in the 1961 AFL Draft.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 42], "section_span": [44, 71], "content_span": [72, 145]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078418-0000-0000", "contents": "1960 Saskatchewan Roughriders season\nThe 1960 Saskatchewan Roughriders finished in fifth place (last) in the W.I.F.U. with a 2\u201312\u20132 record. Their six points were six behind the fourth-place BC Lions, and eight points behind the third-place Calgary Stampeders who claimed the third and final playoff spot.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [36, 36], "content_span": [37, 304]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078418-0001-0000", "contents": "1960 Saskatchewan Roughriders season, 1960 Preseason\nOn July 28, the Roughriders played the London Lords of the Senior Ontario Rugby Football Union in London, Ontario, and beat their hosts 38\u20130.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 52], "content_span": [53, 194]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078419-0000-0000", "contents": "1960 Saskatchewan general election\nThe 1960 Saskatchewan general election was held on June 8, 1960, to elect members of the Legislative Assembly of Saskatchewan.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [34, 34], "content_span": [35, 161]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078419-0001-0000", "contents": "1960 Saskatchewan general election\nThe Co-operative Commonwealth Federation of Thomas C. Douglas campaigned promising Medicare, a public medical insurance and delivery plan for all of Saskatchewan, and it was re-elected with a slightly increased majority. The CCF won despite organized opposition from the College of Physicians and Surgeons, which told voters that Medicare would take freedom of choice away from patients and would cause doctors to leave the province.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [34, 34], "content_span": [35, 468]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078419-0002-0000", "contents": "1960 Saskatchewan general election\nA year later, Douglas passed legislation making Saskatchewan the first province in Canada to have Medicare. The same year, Douglas resigned as leader of the CCF to become leader of the federal New Democratic Party.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [34, 34], "content_span": [35, 249]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078419-0003-0000", "contents": "1960 Saskatchewan general election, Campaigns\nIn addition to the elections campaigns led by the four main political parties, the College of Physicians and Surgeons launched a full-scale campaign against Medicare.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [36, 45], "content_span": [46, 212]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078419-0004-0000", "contents": "1960 Saskatchewan general election, Campaigns, CCF\nThe Saskatchewan CCF, led by Douglas, proposed \"a province-wide medical care program.\" Douglas assured voters that the only thing that would change about the medical system would be that the doctor would bill the medical care plan instead of billing the patient. The CCF won the election, with 37 seats, one more than in the previous election in 1956.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [36, 50], "content_span": [51, 402]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078419-0005-0000", "contents": "1960 Saskatchewan general election, Campaigns, Progressive Conservatives\nThe Progressive Conservative Party of Saskatchewan, led by Martin Pederson, a 38-year-old farmer, won considerable support in the cities (Regina and Saskatoon), but they were not able to win any seats in the legislature. The 15 federal Progressive Conservative Members of Parliament from Saskatchewan campaigned for the provincial party. The main issue for the party was not Medicare but farm prosperity. It promised farmers grant of a $1 per acre ($247/km2) from the province, with a maximum of $100. It claimed that this program would be made possible by assistance from the federal government of Prime Minister John Diefenbaker, from Saskatchewan himself and a former leader of the Saskatchewan PCs. On Medicare, it only proposed a Royal Commission.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [36, 72], "content_span": [73, 825]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078419-0006-0000", "contents": "1960 Saskatchewan general election, Campaigns, Liberals\nThe Liberal Party of Saskatchewan, led by Ross Thatcher of Moose Jaw, claimed that Pederson's promise of land payments was tantamount to bribery. It won 17 seats, and formed the official opposition. Thatcher, a former member of the CCF, was concerned about the economic problems in the province. He was neutral on Medicare and stated that it would be up to the people of Saskatchewan to decide whether or not the province would implement it. The party was also in favour of pre-paid medical insurance.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [36, 55], "content_span": [56, 557]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078419-0007-0000", "contents": "1960 Saskatchewan general election, Campaigns, Liberals\nThe Liberals were concerned that the economic development of Saskatchewan had lagged behind the rest of Canada during the Douglas era. They were also concerned about the proposed merger of the CCF and the Canadian Labour Congress, which later led to the formation of the New Democratic Party.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [36, 55], "content_span": [56, 348]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078419-0008-0000", "contents": "1960 Saskatchewan general election, Campaigns, Social Credit\nThe Social Credit Party of Saskatchewan was led by the 38-year-old Martin Kelln, who had strong views about monetary reform and the social credit movement, and was viewed by many as a serious threat to the ruling CCF government. However, the party was unable to win any seats. It was the only party openly opposed to Medicare.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [36, 60], "content_span": [61, 387]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078419-0009-0000", "contents": "1960 Saskatchewan general election, Campaigns, College of Physicians and Surgeons\nThe College of Physisicans and Surgeons ran a campaign against Medicare. Almost all doctors in Saskatchewan were against it, and many had pamphlets available in their offices. The college paid for anti-Medicare ads in newspapers and on television. The college used scare tactics to frighten the public by claiming, for example, that patients would just be numbers and that patients would be assigned new doctors based on their names or that the government would be able to pass on medical secrets of patients.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [36, 81], "content_span": [82, 591]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078419-0010-0000", "contents": "1960 Saskatchewan general election, Results\nNotes:1Compared to Labor-Progressive Party in 1956. 2One seat declared void.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [36, 43], "content_span": [44, 120]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078420-0000-0000", "contents": "1960 Scotch Cup\nThe 1960 Scotch Cup was the second edition of what would later be the men's World Curling Championship. It was hosted in Ayr, Edinburgh and Glasgow, Scotland with Canada and Scotland being the two teams to compete in the competition. In the five game series it was Canada who defeated Scotland 5-0.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 15], "section_span": [15, 15], "content_span": [16, 314]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078421-0000-0000", "contents": "1960 Scottish League Cup Final\nThe 1960 Scottish League Cup Final was played on 29 October 1960 at Hampden Park in Glasgow, and was the final of the 15th Scottish League Cup competition. The final was contested by Rangers and Kilmarnock. Rangers won the match 2\u20130, thanks to goals by Ralph Brand and Alex Scott.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [30, 30], "content_span": [31, 311]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078422-0000-0000", "contents": "1960 Segunda Divisi\u00f3n Peruana\nThe 1960 Segunda Divisi\u00f3n Peruana, the second division of Peruvian football (soccer), was played by 10 teams. The tournament winner, Defensor Lima was promoted to the Primera Divisi\u00f3n Peruana 1961.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [29, 29], "content_span": [30, 227]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078423-0000-0000", "contents": "1960 Segunda Divisi\u00f3n de Chile\nThe 1960 Segunda Divisi\u00f3n de Chile was the 9th season of the Segunda Divisi\u00f3n de Chile.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [30, 30], "content_span": [31, 118]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078424-0000-0000", "contents": "1960 Sheffield City Council election\nThe Sheffield local elections were held on 12 May 1960, with one third of the council up for election, as well as a double vacancy for the Ecclesall ward. The elections seen heavy swings against the ruling Labour Party, resulting in four losses and further narrow defends in wards Labour had represented consistently for a considerable amount of time. The seats Labour lost were Heeley, Moor and Sharrow to the Conservative-Liberals and Firth Park became the first ever win for the Ratepayers Association. Weather was blamed for Labour's slump, with one article labelling it as 'the year of Tory weather', recording a low of 25% turnout.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [36, 36], "content_span": [37, 674]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078424-0001-0000", "contents": "1960 Sheffield City Council election, Election result\nThis result has the following consequences for the total number of seats on the Council after the elections:", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 53], "content_span": [54, 162]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078425-0000-0000", "contents": "1960 Silver City Trophy\nThe 5th Silver City Trophy was a motor race, run to Formula One rules, held on 1 August 1960 at Brands Hatch Circuit. The race was run over 50 laps of the circuit, and was won by Australian driver Jack Brabham who led from start to finish in a Cooper T53.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [23, 23], "content_span": [24, 279]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078426-0000-0000", "contents": "1960 Six Hour Le Mans\nThe 1960 Six Hour Le Mans was a motor race for sports cars and sedans. The event was held at the Caversham Airfield circuit in Western Australia on 6 June 1960. It was the sixth annual Six Hour Le Mans race.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [21, 21], "content_span": [22, 229]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078426-0001-0000", "contents": "1960 Six Hour Le Mans\nThe race was won by Jack Ayers and Lionel Beattie driving a Holden Sports.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [21, 21], "content_span": [22, 96]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078427-0000-0000", "contents": "1960 Slovak parliamentary election\nParliamentary elections were held in Slovakia on 12 June 1960, alongside national elections. All 87 seats in the National Council were won by the National Front.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [34, 34], "content_span": [35, 196]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078428-0000-0000", "contents": "1960 Society of Film and Television Arts Television Awards\nThe 1960 Society of Film and Television Arts Television Awards, the United Kingdom's premier television awards ceremony. The awards later became known as the British Academy Television Awards, under which name they are still given.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 58], "section_span": [58, 58], "content_span": [59, 290]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078429-0000-0000", "contents": "1960 South African Senate election\nThe election for the seventh Senate of South Africa took place on October 26, 1960, with the appointment of nominated Senators by the Governor-General taking place on November 16, 1960.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [34, 34], "content_span": [35, 220]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078429-0001-0000", "contents": "1960 South African Senate election\nBefore this election, the seats reserved for Native Representatives seats were abolished. The Senate Act 1960 reduced the size of the Senate and reinstated proportional representation elections, as it had been up until the election of 1955. However, instead of going back to eight Senators per province, the Cape would have 11, Transvaal 14 (15 from 1970) and the two smaller provinces would retain 8 Senators. Again, the representation from South-West Africa was unchanged. The number of nominated Senators went back to eight.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [34, 34], "content_span": [35, 562]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078429-0002-0000", "contents": "1960 South African Senate election\nThe requirement for half of the appointed senators to be \"acquainted with the 'reasonable wants and wishes' of non-white South Africans\" was reworded so that \"at least one of the two appointed senators [for each province or South West Africa] must be thoroughly acquainted with the interests of the Cape Coloured, Malay and Griqua people in the province or territory concerned and capable of serving as a channel through which these interests may be promoted\".", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [34, 34], "content_span": [35, 495]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078429-0002-0001", "contents": "1960 South African Senate election\nThis provision was essentially reiterated in section 29(b)(2) of the 1961 constitution that contained \"the requirement that at least one of the two senators nominated from each province under this section shall be thoroughly acquainted, by reason of official experience or otherwise, with the interests of the coloured population in the province for which the said senator is nominated\".", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [34, 34], "content_span": [35, 422]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078429-0003-0000", "contents": "1960 South African Senate election\nThe Senate was thus reduced in size to 54 in 1960 and then to 53 in 1962 (as the representative of the \"non-European\" \u2014 i.e. Coloured, as black Africans were explicitly excluded from the definition under section 1 (ii) of the 1951 act \u2014 population in the Cape Province nominated in 1957 based on section 7 of the Separate Representation of Voters Act, 1951 retained his seat until 1962). This additional seat was left vacant from 1962 onwards, but was formally abolished only in 1970 in terms of the Separate Representation of Voters Amendment Act, 1968.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [34, 34], "content_span": [35, 589]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078429-0004-0000", "contents": "1960 South African Senate election\nThe Senate composition remained unchanged by the declaration of the Republic of South Africa in 1961, except that the State President took over the role of the Governor-General in appointing Senators. Under the republican Constitution, the President of the Senate was to act as State President whenever that office was vacant, or if a state president was unable to perform his duties.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [34, 34], "content_span": [35, 419]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078429-0005-0000", "contents": "1960 South African Senate election\nSection 28 (1) (a) of the Republic of South Africa Constitution Act 1961, provided that there should be \"eight senators nominated by the State President of whom two shall be nominated from each province ...\". The South Africa Act 1909 had not limited the number of nominated senators to be from any particular province.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [34, 34], "content_span": [35, 354]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078430-0000-0000", "contents": "1960 South African republic referendum\nA referendum on becoming a republic was held in South Africa on 5 October 1960. The Afrikaner-dominated right-wing National Party, which had come to power in 1948, was avowedly republican, and regarded the position of Queen Elizabeth II as head of state as a relic of British imperialism. The National Party government subsequently organised the referendum on whether the then Union of South Africa should become a republic. The vote, which was restricted to whites \u2013 the first such national election in the union \u2013 was narrowly approved by 52.29% of the voters. The Republic of South Africa was constituted on 31 May 1961.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [38, 38], "content_span": [39, 662]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078430-0001-0000", "contents": "1960 South African republic referendum, Background, Afrikaner republicanism\nDespite the defeat of the two Boer Republics, the South African Republic (also known as the Transvaal) and the Orange Free State, republican sentiment remained strong in the Union of South Africa among Afrikaners. D F Malan broke with the National Party of Prime Minister J. B. M. Hertzog when it merged with the South African Party of Jan Smuts to form a Gesuiwerde Nasionale Party (or \"Purified National Party\") which advocated a South African republic under Afrikaner control. This had the support of the secretive Afrikaner Broederbond organisation, whose chairman, L J du Plessis declared:", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 75], "content_span": [76, 670]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078430-0002-0000", "contents": "1960 South African republic referendum, Background, Afrikaner republicanism\nNational culture and national welfare cannot unfold fully if the people of South Africa do not also constitutionally sever all foreign ties. After the cultural and economic needs, the Afrikaner will have to devote his attention to the constitutional needs of our people. Added to that objective must be an entirely independent genuine, Afrikaans form of government for South Africa... a form of government which through its embodiment in our own personal head of state, bone of our bone, flesh of our flesh, will inspire us to irresistible unity and strength.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 75], "content_span": [76, 635]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078430-0003-0000", "contents": "1960 South African republic referendum, Background, Afrikaner republicanism\nIn 1940, Malan, along with Hertzog, founded the Herenigde Nasionale Party (or \"Reunited National Party\") which pledged to fight for \"a free independent republic, separated from the British Crown and Empire\", and \"to remove, step by step, all anomalies which hamper the fullest expression of our national freedom\".", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 75], "content_span": [76, 389]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078430-0004-0000", "contents": "1960 South African republic referendum, Background, Afrikaner republicanism\nThat year, a Commission appointed by the Broederbond, met to draft a constitution for a republic; this included future National Party ministers, such as Hendrik Verwoerd, Albert Hertzog and Eben D\u00f6nges.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 75], "content_span": [76, 278]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078430-0005-0000", "contents": "1960 South African republic referendum, Background, Afrikaner republicanism\nIn 1942, details of a draft republican constitution were published in Afrikaans-language newspapers Die Burger and Die Transvaler, which provided for a State President, elected by white citizens known as Burgers only, who would be \"only responsible to God... for his deeds in the fulfilment of his duties\", aided by a Community Council with exclusively advisory powers, while Afrikaans would be the first official language, with English as a supplemental language.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 75], "content_span": [76, 540]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078430-0006-0000", "contents": "1960 South African republic referendum, Background, Afrikaner republicanism\nOn the matter of continued Commonwealth membership, the Broederbond's view was that \"departure from the Commonwealth as soon as possible remains a cardinal aspect of our republican aim\".", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 75], "content_span": [76, 262]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078430-0007-0000", "contents": "1960 South African republic referendum, Background, Afrikaner republicanism\nDuring the visit to South Africa by King George VI and his family in 1947, the Afrikaans-language newspaper Die Transvaler, of which Verwoerd was editor, ignored the royal tour, making reference only to \"busy streets\" in Johannesburg. By contrast, the newspaper of the far-right Ossewa Brandwag openly denounced the tour, proclaiming that \"in the name of this monarchy, 27 000 Boer women and children were murdered for the sake of gold and their fatherland\".", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 75], "content_span": [76, 534]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078430-0008-0000", "contents": "1960 South African republic referendum, Background, National Party in government\nIn 1948, the National Party, now led by D. F. Malan, came to power, although it did not campaign for a republic during the election, instead favouring remaining in the Commonwealth, thereby appealing to Afrikaners who otherwise might have voted for the United Party of Jan Smuts. This decision to downplay the republic question and focus on race issues was influenced by N C Havenga, the leader of the Afrikaner Party, which was in alliance with the National Party in the election.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 80], "content_span": [81, 562]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078430-0009-0000", "contents": "1960 South African republic referendum, Background, National Party in government\nMalan's successor as Prime Minister, J G Strijdom, also downplayed the republic issue, stating that no steps would be taken towards that end before 1958. However, he later reaffirmed his party's commitment to a republic, as well as a single national flag. Strijdom stated that the matter of whether South Africa would be a republic inside or outside the Commonwealth would be decided \"with a view to circumstances then prevailing\". Like his precessor, Strijdom declared the party's belief that a republic could only be proclaimed on the basis \"of the broad will of the people\".", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 80], "content_span": [81, 658]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078430-0010-0000", "contents": "1960 South African republic referendum, Background, National Party in government\nOn becoming Prime Minister in 1958, Verwoerd gave a speech to Parliament in which he declared that:", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 80], "content_span": [81, 180]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078430-0011-0000", "contents": "1960 South African republic referendum, Background, National Party in government\nThis has indeed been the basis of our struggle all these years: nationalism against imperialism. This has been the struggle since 1910: a republic as opposed to the monarchical connection... We stand unequivocally and clearly for the establishment of the republic in the correct manner and at the appropriate time.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 80], "content_span": [81, 395]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078430-0012-0000", "contents": "1960 South African republic referendum, Background, National Party in government\nIn 1960, Verwoerd announced plans to hold a whites-only referendum on the establishment of a republic, with a bill to that effect being introduced in Parliament on 23 April of that year. The Referendum Act received assent on 3 June 1960. He stated that a simple majority in favour of the change would be decisive, although minimal changes would be made to the existing constitutional structures.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 80], "content_span": [81, 476]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078430-0013-0000", "contents": "1960 South African republic referendum, Background, National Party in government\nBefore he was succeeded by Verwoerd as Prime Minister in 1958, Strijdom had lowered the voting age for whites from 21 to 18. Afrikaners, who were more likely to favour the National Party than English-speaking whites, were also on average younger than them, with a higher birth rate. Also included on the electoral roll were white voters in South West Africa, now Namibia. As in South Africa, the Afrikaners and ethnic Germans in the territory outnumbered English-speaking whites, and were strong supporters of the National Party. In addition, Coloureds were no longer enfranchised as voters and were not eligible to vote in the referendum.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 80], "content_span": [81, 720]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078430-0014-0000", "contents": "1960 South African republic referendum, Background, National Party in government\nIn hopes of winning the support of those opposed to a republic, not only English-speaking whites but Afrikaners still supporting the United Party, Verwoerd proposed that constitutional changes would be minimal, with the Queen simply being replaced as head of state by a State President, the office of which would be a ceremonial post rather than an executive one.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 80], "content_span": [81, 444]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078430-0015-0000", "contents": "1960 South African republic referendum, Background, Wind of Change speech\nEarlier, in February of that year, British Prime Minister Harold Macmillan had given a speech to the Parliament in Cape Town, in which he spoke of the inevitability of decolonisation in Africa, and appeared critical of South Africa's apartheid policies. This prompted Verwoerd to declare in the House of Assembly:", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 73], "content_span": [74, 387]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078430-0016-0000", "contents": "1960 South African republic referendum, Background, Wind of Change speech\nIt was not the Republic of South Africa that was told, 'We are not going to support you in this respect.' Those words were addressed to the monarchy of South Africa, and yet we have the same monarch as this person from Britain who addressed these words to us. It was a warning given to all of us, English-speaking and Afrikaans-speaking, republican and anti-republican. It was clear to all of us that as far as these matters are concerned, we shall have to stand on our own feet.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 73], "content_span": [74, 553]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078430-0017-0000", "contents": "1960 South African republic referendum, Background, Wind of Change speech\nMany English-speaking whites, who had regarded Britain as their spiritual home, felt disillusionment and a sense of loss, including Douglas Mitchell, the United Party's leader in Natal. Despite his opposition to Verwoerd's plans for a republic, Mitchell spoke in vehement opposition to many points of Macmillan's speech.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 73], "content_span": [74, 394]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078430-0018-0000", "contents": "1960 South African republic referendum, Background, Opposition to republic in Natal\nIn Natal, the only province with an English-speaking majority of whites, there was strong anti-republican sentiment; in 1955, the small Federal Party issued a pamphlet The Case Against the Republic, while the Anti-Republican League organised public demonstrations. The League, founded by Arthur Selby, the Federal Party's chairman, launched the Natal Covenant in opposition to the plans for a republic, signed by 33,000 Natalians. Drawing cheering crowds of 2,000 people in Durban and 1,500 in Pietermaritzburg, the League became the largest political organisation in Natal, with 28 branches across the province, with Selby calling for 80,000 signatories to the Covenant. Inspired by the Ulster Covenant of 1912, the Natal Covenant read:", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 83], "content_span": [84, 821]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078430-0019-0000", "contents": "1960 South African republic referendum, Background, Opposition to republic in Natal\nBeing convinced in our consciences that a republic would be disastrous to the material well-being of Natal as well as of the whole of South Africa, subversive of our freedom and destructive of our citizenship, we, whose names are underwritten, men and women of Natal, loyal subjects of Her Gracious Majesty Queen Elizabeth the Second, do hereby pledge ourselves in solemn covenant, throughout this our time of threatened calamity, to stand by one another in defending the Crown, and in using all means which may be found possible and necessary to defeat the present intention to set up a republic in South Africa. And in the event of a republic being forced upon us, we further solemnly and mutually pledge ourselves to refuse to recognise its authority. In sure confidence that God will defend the right, we hereto subscribe our names. GOD SAVE THE QUEEN.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 83], "content_span": [84, 940]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078430-0020-0000", "contents": "1960 South African republic referendum, Background, Opposition to republic in Natal\nOn the day of the referendum, the Natal Witness, the province's daily English-language newspaper warned its readers that:", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 83], "content_span": [84, 205]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078430-0021-0000", "contents": "1960 South African republic referendum, Background, Opposition to republic in Natal\nNot to vote against the Republic is to help those who would cut us loose from our moorings, and set us adrift in a treacherous and uncharted sea, at the very time that the winds of change are blowing up to hurricane force.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 83], "content_span": [84, 306]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078430-0022-0000", "contents": "1960 South African republic referendum, Background, Opposition to republic in Natal\nBetween May 1956 and June 1958, the anti-republican Freedom Radio, set up by John Lang, broadcast from the Natal Midlands, later resuming broadcasts shortly before the referendum in October 1960 until the proclamation of the republic in May 1961.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 83], "content_span": [84, 330]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078430-0023-0000", "contents": "1960 South African republic referendum, Background, Black South African opinion\nBlack South Africans, who were denied a vote in the referendum, were not against the establishment of a republic per se, but saw the new constitution as a direct rejection of the principle of one person, one vote, as expressed in the Freedom Charter, drafted by the African National Congress and its allies in the Congress Alliance. Despite its opposition to the monarchy and the Commonwealth, the ANC sought to mobilise white and black opposition to the republic, seeing it as an attempt by Verwoerd to consolidate the white grip on power.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 79], "content_span": [80, 620]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078430-0024-0000", "contents": "1960 South African republic referendum, Campaign, \"Yes\" campaign\nThe pro-republic campaign focused on the need for white unity in the face of British decolonisation in Africa, and the eruption of the former Belgian Congo into bloody civil war following independence, which Verwoerd warned might give rise to similar chaos in South Africa. It also argued that South Africa's links with the British monarchy led to confusion about the country's status, with one advertisement proclaiming: \"Let us become a real republic now rather than remain betwixt and between\".", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 64], "content_span": [65, 562]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078430-0025-0000", "contents": "1960 South African republic referendum, Campaign, \"Yes\" campaign\nOne campaign poster used the slogan \"To re-unite and keep South Africa white, a republic now\" on posters in English, while in Afrikaans, the slogan was Ons republiek nou, om Suid-Afrika blank te hou (\"Our republic now, to keep South Africa white\"). Another poster featured two clasped hands, with the slogan \"Your people, my people, our republic\", which would sometimes be vandalised by painting one of the hands black, producing the emblem of the non-racial Liberal Party.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 64], "content_span": [65, 538]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078430-0026-0000", "contents": "1960 South African republic referendum, Campaign, \"No\" campaign\nThe opposition United Party actively campaigned for a 'No' vote, arguing that South Africa's membership of the Commonwealth, with which it had privileged trade links, would be threatened and lead to greater isolation. One advertisement pointed out that access to Commonwealth markets was worth \u00a3200 000 000 a year. Another proclaimed \"You need friends. Don't let Verwoerd lose them all\". Sir De Villiers Graaff, the party's leader, called on voters to reject a republic \"so we can remain in the British [sic] Commonwealth and have its protection against Communism and hot-eyed African nationalism\".", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 63], "content_span": [64, 662]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078430-0027-0000", "contents": "1960 South African republic referendum, Campaign, \"No\" campaign\nThe smaller Progressive Party appealed to supporters of the proposed change to 'reject this republic', arguing that such a weighted electorate could not provide a valid test of opinion. An advertisement appealing to voters who might support a republic declared: \"The issue is not monarchy or republic but democracy or dictatorship\".", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 63], "content_span": [64, 396]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078430-0028-0000", "contents": "1960 South African republic referendum, Aftermath, White reaction\nWhites in the former Boer republics of the Transvaal and Orange Free State voted decisively in favour, as did those in South West Africa. On the eve of the establishment of the republic, Die Transvaler proclaimed:", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 65], "content_span": [66, 279]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078430-0029-0000", "contents": "1960 South African republic referendum, Aftermath, White reaction\nOur republic is the inevitable fulfilment of God's plan for our people... a plan formed in 1652 when Jan van Riebeeck arrived at the Cape... for which the defeat of our republics in 1902 was a necessary step.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 65], "content_span": [66, 274]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078430-0030-0000", "contents": "1960 South African republic referendum, Aftermath, White reaction\nIn the Cape Province there was a smaller majority, despite the removal of the Cape Coloured franchise, while Natal voted overwhelmingly against; in the constituencies of Durban North, Pinetown and Durban Musgrave, the vote against a republic was 89.7, 83.7 and 92.7 per cent respectively. Following the referendum result, Douglas Mitchell, the leader of the United Party in Natal, declared:", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 65], "content_span": [66, 456]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078430-0031-0000", "contents": "1960 South African republic referendum, Aftermath, White reaction\nWe in Natal will have no part or parcel of this Republic. We must resist, resist, and resist it - and the Nationalist Government. I have contracted Natal out of a republic on the strongest possible moral grounds that I can enunciate.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 65], "content_span": [66, 299]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078430-0032-0000", "contents": "1960 South African republic referendum, Aftermath, White reaction\nMitchell led a delegation from Natal seeking greater autonomy for the province, but without success. Other whites in Natal went as far as to call for secession from the Union, along with some parts of the eastern Cape Province. However, Mitchell rejected the idea of independence as \"suicide\", although he did not rule out asking for it in the future.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 65], "content_span": [66, 417]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078430-0033-0000", "contents": "1960 South African republic referendum, Aftermath, White reaction\nIn a conciliatory gesture to English-speaking whites, and a recognition that some had supported him in the referendum, Verwoerd appointed two English-speaking members to his cabinet.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 65], "content_span": [66, 248]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078430-0034-0000", "contents": "1960 South African republic referendum, Aftermath, Black reaction\nOn 25 March 1961, in response to the referendum, the ANC held an All-In African Congress in Pietermaritzburg attended by 1398 delegates from all over the country. It passed a resolution declaring that \"no Constitution or form of Government decided without the participation of the African people who form an absolute majority of the population can enjoy moral validity or merit support either within South Africa or beyond its borders\".", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 65], "content_span": [66, 502]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078430-0035-0000", "contents": "1960 South African republic referendum, Aftermath, Black reaction\nIt called for a National Convention, and the organising of mass demonstrations on the eve of what Nelson Mandela described as \"the unwanted republic\", if the government failed to call one. He wrote:", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 65], "content_span": [66, 264]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078430-0036-0000", "contents": "1960 South African republic referendum, Aftermath, Black reaction\nThe adoption of this part of the resolution did not mean that conference preferred a monarchy to a republican form of government. Such considerations were unimportant and irrelevant. The point at issue, and which was emphasised over and over again by delegates, was that a minority Government had decided to proclaim a White Republic under which the living conditions of the African people would continue to deteriorate.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 65], "content_span": [66, 486]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078430-0037-0000", "contents": "1960 South African republic referendum, Aftermath, Black reaction\nA three-day general strike was called in protest at the declaration of a republic, but Verwoerd responded by cancelling all police leaves, calling up 5,000 armed reservists of the Citizen Force, and ordering the arrest of thousands in black townships, although Mandela, by now head of the underground movement, managed to escape arrest.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 65], "content_span": [66, 402]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078430-0038-0000", "contents": "1960 South African republic referendum, Aftermath, Commonwealth reaction\nOriginally every independent country in the Commonwealth was a Dominion with the British monarch as head of state. The 1949 London Declaration prior to India becoming a republic allowed countries with a different head of state to join or remain in the Commonwealth, but only by unanimous consent of the other members. The governments of Pakistan (in 1956) and, later, Ghana (in 1960) availed themselves of this principle, and the National Party had not ruled out South Africa's continued membership of the Commonwealth were there a vote in favour of a republic.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 72], "content_span": [73, 634]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078430-0039-0000", "contents": "1960 South African republic referendum, Aftermath, Commonwealth reaction\nHowever, the Commonwealth by 1960 included new Asian and African members, whose rulers saw the apartheid state's membership as an affront to the organisation's new democratic principles. Julius Nyerere, then Chief Minister of Tanganyika, indicated that his country, which was due to gain independence in 1961, would not join the Commonwealth were apartheid South Africa to remain a member. A Commonwealth Prime Ministers' Conference was convened in March 1961, a year ahead of schedule, to address the issue. In response, Verwoerd stirred up a confrontation, causing many members to threaten to withdraw if South Africa's renewal of membership application was accepted. As a result, South Africa's membership application was withdrawn, meaning that upon its becoming a republic on 31 May 1961, the country's Commonwealth membership simply lapsed.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 72], "content_span": [73, 919]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078430-0040-0000", "contents": "1960 South African republic referendum, Aftermath, Commonwealth reaction\nMany Afrikaners welcomed this as a clean break with the colonial past, along with the recreation of the Boer republics on a larger scale. By contrast, Sir De Villiers Graaff remarked \"how utterly alone and isolated our country has become\", and called for another referendum on the republic issue, arguing that the end to Commonwealth membership had dramatically changed the situation. Commenting on the enthusiastic welcome Verwoerd received from his supporters on his return, Douglas Mitchell remarked \"They are cheering because we have withdrawn from the world. Will they cheer when the world withdraws from us?\"", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 72], "content_span": [73, 687]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078430-0041-0000", "contents": "1960 South African republic referendum, Aftermath, Commonwealth reaction\nI appeal to the English-speaking people of South Africa not to allow themselves to be hurt, though I can feel their sadness. A framework has fallen away, but what is of greater importance is friendship and getting together as one nation \u2013 as white people who have to defend their future together. Now there is a chance of standing together \u2013 one free country standing together on a basis which is the desire of friendship with Great Britain.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 72], "content_span": [73, 514]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078430-0042-0000", "contents": "1960 South African republic referendum, Aftermath, Commonwealth reaction\nFollowing the end of apartheid, South Africa rejoined the Commonwealth, thirty-three years to the day that the republic was established.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 72], "content_span": [73, 209]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078430-0043-0000", "contents": "1960 South African republic referendum, Establishment of Republic, Inauguration of State President\nThe Republic of South Africa was declared on 31 May 1961, Queen Elizabeth II ceased to be head of state, and the last Governor General of the Union, Charles R. Swart, took office as the first State President. Swart had been elected as State President by Parliament by 139 votes to 71, defeating H A Fagan, the former Chief Justice, favoured by the Opposition.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 98], "content_span": [99, 458]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078430-0044-0000", "contents": "1960 South African republic referendum, Establishment of Republic, Legal and heraldic changes\nDespite the change to republican status, the coat of arms of Natal continued to display a crown, which had only been added to the arms in 1954, although this was neither the St Edward's Crown, with which the Queen had been crowned, nor the Tudor Crown, used by previous British monarchs, but a distinctive design.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 93], "content_span": [94, 407]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078430-0045-0000", "contents": "1960 South African republic referendum, Establishment of Republic, Legal and heraldic changes\nOther references to the monarchy had been removed before the establishment of a republic:", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 93], "content_span": [94, 183]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078430-0046-0000", "contents": "1960 South African republic referendum, Establishment of Republic, Legal and heraldic changes\nThe new decimalised currency, the Rand, which did not feature the Queen's portrait on either notes or coinage, had been introduced on 14 February 1961, three months before the establishment of the Republic. Prior to its introduction, the government considered removing the Queen's head from the coinage of the South African pound.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 93], "content_span": [94, 424]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078430-0047-0000", "contents": "1960 South African republic referendum, Establishment of Republic, Constitutional changes\nThe most notable difference between the Constitution of the Republic and that of the Union was that the State President was the ceremonial head of state, in place of the Queen and Governor-General. The title of \"State President\" (Staatspresident in Afrikaans) was previously used for the heads of state of both the South African Republic and the Orange Free State.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 89], "content_span": [90, 454]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078430-0048-0000", "contents": "1960 South African republic referendum, Establishment of Republic, Constitutional changes\nThe National Party decided against having an executive presidency, instead adopting a minimalist approach, as a conciliatory gesture to whites who were opposed to a republic; the office did not become an executive post until 1984. Similarly, the Union Jack remained a feature of the country's flag until 1994, despite its unpopularity among many Afrikaners, and a proposal to adopt a new design on the tenth anniversary of the republic in 1971.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 89], "content_span": [90, 534]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078430-0049-0000", "contents": "1960 South African republic referendum, Establishment of Republic, Constitutional changes\nUnder the new Constitution, Afrikaans and English remained official languages, but the status of Afrikaans in relation to Dutch was altered; whereas the South Africa Act had made Dutch an official language alongside English, with Dutch defined to include Afrikaans under the Official Languages of the Union Act in 1925, the 1961 Constitution reversed this by making Afrikaans an official language alongside English, defining Afrikaans to include Dutch.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 89], "content_span": [90, 542]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078430-0050-0000", "contents": "1960 South African republic referendum, Establishment of Republic, Public holidays\nThe change in South Africa's constitutional status also resulted in changes to the country's public holidays, with the Queen's Birthday, commemorated on the second Monday in July, being replaced by Family Day, while Union Day, commemorating the establishment of the Union on 31 May, became Republic Day. Empire Day, which was commemorated on 24 May, but had come to be seen as an anachronism, had been abolished in 1952.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 82], "content_span": [83, 503]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078431-0000-0000", "contents": "1960 South American Basketball Championship\nThe South American Basketball Championship 1960 was the 18th edition of this tournament. It was held from March 3 to March 18 in C\u00f3rdoba, Argentina and won by the Brazil national basketball team. 7 teams competed.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 43], "section_span": [43, 43], "content_span": [44, 257]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078432-0000-0000", "contents": "1960 South American Basketball Championship for Women\nThe 1960 South American Basketball Championship for Women was the 8th regional tournament for women in South America. It was held in Santiago, Chile and won by the local squad. Five teams competed.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 53], "section_span": [53, 53], "content_span": [54, 251]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078432-0001-0000", "contents": "1960 South American Basketball Championship for Women, Results\nEach team played the other teams twice, for a total of eight games played by each team.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 53], "section_span": [55, 62], "content_span": [63, 150]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078433-0000-0000", "contents": "1960 South American Junior Championships in Athletics\nThe second South American Junior Championships in Athletics were held in Santiago, Chile from April 30-May 1, 1960.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 53], "section_span": [53, 53], "content_span": [54, 169]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078433-0001-0000", "contents": "1960 South American Junior Championships in Athletics, Participation (unofficial)\nDetailed result lists can be found on the \"World Junior Athletics History\" website. An unofficial count yields the number of about 74 athletes from about 3 countries:  Argentina (25), Chile (30), Peru (19).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 53], "section_span": [55, 81], "content_span": [82, 288]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078433-0002-0000", "contents": "1960 South American Junior Championships in Athletics, Medal summary\nMedal winners are published for men and womenComplete results can be found on the \"World Junior Athletics History\" website.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 53], "section_span": [55, 68], "content_span": [69, 192]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078434-0000-0000", "contents": "1960 South Carolina Gamecocks football team\nThe 1960 South Carolina Gamecocks football team represented the University of South Carolina in the Atlantic Coast Conference in the 1960 NCAA University Division football season. The Gamecocks finished the season 3\u20136\u20131 overall.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 43], "section_span": [43, 43], "content_span": [44, 272]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078435-0000-0000", "contents": "1960 South Dakota Coyotes football team\nThe 1960 South Dakota Coyotes football team was an American football team that represented the University of South Dakota in the North Central Conference (NCC) during the 1960 NCAA College Division football season. In its fifth season under head coach Ralph Stewart, the team compiled a 1\u20138 record (0\u20136 against NCC opponents), finished in seventh place out of seven teams in the NCC, and was outscored by a total of 226 to 62. The team played its home games at Inman Field in Vermillion, South Dakota.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [39, 39], "content_span": [40, 541]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078436-0000-0000", "contents": "1960 South Dakota State Jackrabbits football team\nThe 1960 South Dakota State Jackrabbits football team was an American football team that represented South Dakota State University in the North Central Conference during the 1960 NCAA College Division football season. In its 14th season under head coach Ralph Ginn, the team compiled a 5\u20134\u20131 record, finished in fourth place out of seven teams in the NCC, and was outscored by a total of 170 to 135.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 49], "section_span": [49, 49], "content_span": [50, 449]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078437-0000-0000", "contents": "1960 South Dakota gubernatorial election\nThe 1960 South Dakota gubernatorial election was held on November 8, 1960.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [40, 40], "content_span": [41, 115]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078437-0001-0000", "contents": "1960 South Dakota gubernatorial election\nIncumbent Democratic Governor Ralph Herseth was defeated by Republican nominee Archie M. Gubbrud, who won 50.73% of the vote.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [40, 40], "content_span": [41, 166]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078438-0000-0000", "contents": "1960 South Korean legislative election\nLegislative elections were held in South Korea on 29 June 1960. They were the first elections of the Second Republic and saw the first election of members of the new House of Councillors, together with the fifth election of members of the House of Representatives. They were also the first relatively free and fair national elections held in the country, but would be the last free elections until the 1987 presidential elections. Voter turnout was 84.3%.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [38, 38], "content_span": [39, 494]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078438-0001-0000", "contents": "1960 South Korean legislative election\nThe result was a victory for the Democratic Party, which won 175 of the 233 seats in the House of Representatives, and 31 of the 58 seats in the House of Councillors. It was the first time that the Democratic Party won a legislative election, but the party and its successors did not win an election again until 2004.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [38, 38], "content_span": [39, 356]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078440-0000-0000", "contents": "1960 South Vietnamese coup attempt\nOn November 11, 1960, a failed coup attempt against President Ng\u00f4 \u0110\u00ecnh Di\u1ec7m of South Vietnam was led by Lieutenant Colonel V\u01b0\u01a1ng V\u0103n \u0110\u00f4ng and Colonel Nguy\u1ec5n Ch\u00e1nh Thi of the Airborne Division of the Army of the Republic of Vietnam (ARVN).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [34, 34], "content_span": [35, 273]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078440-0001-0000", "contents": "1960 South Vietnamese coup attempt\nThe rebels launched the coup in response to Di\u1ec7m's autocratic rule and the negative political influence of his brother Ng\u00f4 \u0110\u00ecnh Nhu and his sister-in-law Madame Nhu. They also bemoaned the politicisation of the military, whereby regime loyalists who were members of the Ng\u00f4 family's covert C\u1ea7n Lao Party were readily promoted ahead of more competent officers who were not insiders. \u0110\u00f4ng was supported in the conspiracy by his brother-in-law Lieutenant Colonel Nguyen Trieu Hong, whose uncle was a prominent official in a minor opposition party. The main link in the coup was \u0110\u00f4ng's commanding officer Thi, whom he persuaded to join the plot.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [34, 34], "content_span": [35, 676]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078440-0002-0000", "contents": "1960 South Vietnamese coup attempt\nThe coup caught the Ng\u00f4 family completely off-guard, but was also chaotically executed. The plotters neglected to seal the roads leading into the capital Saigon to seal off loyalist reinforcements, and they hesitated after gaining the initiative. After initially being trapped inside the Independence Palace, Di\u1ec7m stalled the coup by holding negotiations and promising reforms, such as the inclusion of military officers in the administration. In the meantime, opposition politicians joined the fray, trying to exploit Di\u1ec7m's position. However, the president's real aim was to buy time for loyalist forces to enter the capital and relieve him.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [34, 34], "content_span": [35, 678]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078440-0002-0001", "contents": "1960 South Vietnamese coup attempt\nThe coup failed when the 5th and 7th Divisions of the ARVN entered Saigon and defeated the rebels. More than four hundred people\u2014many of whom were civilian spectators\u2014were killed in the ensuing battle. These included a group of anti-Di\u1ec7m civilians who charged across the palace walls at Thi's urging and were cut down by loyalist gunfire.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [34, 34], "content_span": [35, 373]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078440-0003-0000", "contents": "1960 South Vietnamese coup attempt\n\u0110\u00f4ng and Thi fled to Cambodia, while Di\u1ec7m berated the United States for a perceived lack of support during the crisis. Afterwards, Di\u1ec7m ordered a crackdown, imprisoning numerous anti-government critics and former cabinet ministers. Those that assisted Di\u1ec7m were duly promoted, while those that did not were demoted. A trial for those implicated in the plot was held in 1963. Seven officers and two civilians were sentenced to death in absentia, while 14 officers and 34 civilians were jailed. Di\u1ec7m's regime also accused the Americans of sending Central Intelligence Agency members to assist the failed plot. When Di\u1ec7m was assassinated after a 1963 coup, those jailed after the 1960 revolt were released by the new military junta.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [34, 34], "content_span": [35, 764]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078440-0004-0000", "contents": "1960 South Vietnamese coup attempt, Background\nThe revolt was led by 28-year-old Lieutenant Colonel V\u01b0\u01a1ng V\u0103n \u0110\u00f4ng, a northerner, who had fought with the French Union forces against the Viet Minh during the First Indochina War. Later trained at Fort Leavenworth in the United States, \u0110\u00f4ng was regarded by American military advisers as a brilliant tactician and the brightest military prospect of his generation and he served in the Airborne Division. Back in Vietnam, \u0110\u00f4ng became discontented with Di\u1ec7m's arbitrary rule and constant meddling in the internal affairs of the army.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [36, 46], "content_span": [47, 578]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078440-0004-0001", "contents": "1960 South Vietnamese coup attempt, Background\nDi\u1ec7m promoted officers on loyalty rather than skill, and played senior officers against one another in order to weaken the military leadership and prevent them from challenging his rule. Years after the coup, \u0110\u00f4ng asserted that his sole objective was to force Di\u1ec7m to improve the governance of the country. \u0110\u00f4ng was clandestinely supported by his brother-in-law Lieutenant Colonel Nguyen Trieu Hong, the director of training at the Joint General Staff School, and Hong's uncle Hoang Co Thuy. Thuy was a wealthy Saigon-based lawyer, and had been a political activist since World War II. He was the secretary-general of a minority opposition party called the Movement of Struggle for Freedom, which had a small presence in the rubber-stamp National Assembly.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [36, 46], "content_span": [47, 803]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078440-0005-0000", "contents": "1960 South Vietnamese coup attempt, Background\nMany Army of the Republic of Vietnam (ARVN) officers were members of other anti-communist nationalist groups that were opposed to Di\u1ec7m, such as the \u0110\u1ea1i Vi\u1ec7t Qu\u1ed1c d\u00e2n \u0111\u1ea3ng (Nationalist Party of Greater Vietnam) and the Vi\u1ec7t Nam Qu\u1ed1c D\u00e2n \u0110\u1ea3ng (VNQD\u0110, Vietnamese Nationalist Party), which were both established before World War II. The VNQD\u0110 had run a military academy in Yunnan near the Chinese border with the assistance of their nationalist Chinese counterparts, the Kuomintang. Di\u1ec7m and his family had crushed all alternative anti-communist nationalists, and his politicisation of the army had alienated the servicemen.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [36, 46], "content_span": [47, 667]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078440-0005-0001", "contents": "1960 South Vietnamese coup attempt, Background\nOfficers were promoted on the basis of political allegiance rather than competence, meaning that many VNQD\u0110 and \u0110\u1ea1i Vi\u1ec7t trained officers were denied such promotions. They felt that politically minded officers, who joined Di\u1ec7m's secret Catholic-dominated C\u1ea7n Lao Party, which was used to control South Vietnamese society, were rewarded with promotion rather than those most capable.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [36, 46], "content_span": [47, 429]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078440-0006-0000", "contents": "1960 South Vietnamese coup attempt, Background\nPlanning for the coup had gone on for over a year, with \u0110\u00f4ng recruiting disgruntled officers. This included his commander, Colonel Nguy\u1ec5n Ch\u00e1nh Thi. In 1955, Thi had fought for Di\u1ec7m against the B\u00ecnh Xuy\u00ean organised crime syndicate in the Battle for Saigon. This performance so impressed Di\u1ec7m\u2014a lifelong bachelor\u2014that he thereafter referred to Thi as \"my son\". However, the Americans who worked with Thi were less impressed. The CIA described Thi as \"an opportunist and a man lacking strong convictions\". An American military advisor described Thi as \"tough, unscrupulous, and fearless, but dumb\".", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [36, 46], "content_span": [47, 643]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078440-0006-0001", "contents": "1960 South Vietnamese coup attempt, Background\nThere is some dispute as to whether Thi participated in the coup of his free choice. According to some sources, Thi was still an admirer of Di\u1ec7m and was forced at gunpoint by \u0110\u00f4ng and his supporters to join the coup at the last minute, having been kept unaware of the plotting. According to this story, Thi's airborne units were initially moved into position for the coup without his knowledge.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [36, 46], "content_span": [47, 441]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078440-0007-0000", "contents": "1960 South Vietnamese coup attempt, Background\nMany months before the coup, \u0110\u00f4ng had met Di\u1ec7m's brother and adviser Ng\u00f4 \u0110\u00ecnh Nhu, widely regarded as the brains of the regime, to ask for reform and de-politicisation of the army. \u0110\u00f4ng said that the meeting went well and was hopeful that Nhu would enact change. However, a few weeks later, Dong and his collaborators were transferred to different commands and physically separated. Fearing that Di\u1ec7m and Nhu were trying to throw their plans off balance, they accelerated their planning work, and decided to move on October 6. However, they were then scheduled to go into battle against the Viet Cong (VC) near Kon Tum in the II Corps in the Central Highlands, forcing a postponement. According to the historian George McTurnan Kahin, \u0110\u00f4ng was without a command by the time the coup was held.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [36, 46], "content_span": [47, 839]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078440-0008-0000", "contents": "1960 South Vietnamese coup attempt, Background\nThe Americans started to notice and become alarmed at increasing reports of political disillusionment in the military officer corps in August. An intelligence report prepared by the US State Department in late August claimed the \"worsening of internal security, the promotion of incompetent officers and Di\u1ec7m's direct interference in army operations ... his political favoritism, inadequate delegation of authority, and the influence of the Can Lao\".", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [36, 46], "content_span": [47, 497]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078440-0008-0001", "contents": "1960 South Vietnamese coup attempt, Background\nIt also claimed that discontent with Di\u1ec7m among high-ranking civil servants was at their highest point since the president had established in power, and that the bureaucrats wanted a change of leadership, through a coup if needed. It was said that Nhu and his wife were the most despised among the civil service. The report predicted that if a coup was to occur, the objective would probably be to force Nhu and his wife out of positions of power and allow Di\u1ec7m to continue to lead the country with reduced power, should he be willing to do so. The intelligence analysis turned out to be correct.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [36, 46], "content_span": [47, 643]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078440-0009-0000", "contents": "1960 South Vietnamese coup attempt, Background\nThe US Ambassador Elbridge Durbrow, who had been in the post since 1957, had a long record of trying to pressure Di\u1ec7m into political reforms. He felt that South Vietnam's political problems were due to Di\u1ec7m's illiberalism and thought the communist insurgency would be more easily defeated if Di\u1ec7m reached out to a broader cross-section of society, cracked down on corruption, cronyism, abusive public servants, and implemented land reform.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [36, 46], "content_span": [47, 486]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078440-0009-0001", "contents": "1960 South Vietnamese coup attempt, Background\nHowever, the South Vietnamese president saw authoritarianism as the solution to political problems and opposition, and the US military hierarchy in Vietnam agreed, leading to frequent disputes between Durbrow and the Military Assistance Advisory Group (MAAG). Durbrow frequently reported to Washington that Di\u1ec7m's strong-arm tactics against opposition only created more dissent and opportunities for the communists.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [36, 46], "content_span": [47, 462]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078440-0010-0000", "contents": "1960 South Vietnamese coup attempt, Background\nAround this time, Durbrow began to advise Di\u1ec7m to remove Nhu and his wife from the government, basing his arguments on a need to cultivate broad popular support to make South Vietnam more viable in the long term. His key suggestions included Nhu being sent abroad as an ambassador, removing Nhu's wife and intelligence director Tran Kim Tuyen from public power and sending them overseas, new defense and interior ministers, and \"altering the nature of the C\u1ea7n Lao Party\" to acknowledge its existence and operations in public. These proposals were endorsed by the State Department and delivered to Diem. As Nhu and the Can Lao were a core means of his keeping power, Di\u1ec7m did not follow Durbrow's advice, and was reported to have become angry when Durbrow suggested that corruption and political favoritism was diminished the government's effectiveness.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [36, 46], "content_span": [47, 899]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078440-0011-0000", "contents": "1960 South Vietnamese coup attempt, Background\nOn September 16, after another fruitless meeting with Di\u1ec7m, Durbrow reported to Washington: \"If Di\u1ec7m's position in [the] country continues to deteriorate ... it may become necessary for [the] US government to begin consideration [of] alternative courses of action and leaders in order [to] achieve our objective.\" In another State Department Report, it was concluded that a coup would become more likely \"if Di\u1ec7m continued to remain uncompromising and if the opposition felt that the United States would not be unsympathetic to a coup or that U.S.\u2013Vietnamese relations would not be seriously damaged.\" As it turned out those in Vietnam discontented with Di\u1ec7m reached the same conclusion, that the US would not mind them toppling the president.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [36, 46], "content_span": [47, 790]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078440-0012-0000", "contents": "1960 South Vietnamese coup attempt, Background\nThe coup was organised with the help of some VNQD\u0110 and \u0110\u1ea1i Vi\u1ec7t members, civilians and officers alike. \u0110\u00f4ng enlisted the cooperation of an armoured regiment, marine unit and three paratrooper battalions. The marine battalion was commanded by Lieutenant Colonel Ph\u1ea1m V\u0103n Li\u1ec5u. The operation was scheduled to launch on November 11 at 05:00. However, the airborne soldiers were not aware of what their officers had in store. They were told that they were heading into the countryside to attack the VC. Once they were on their way, the officers claimed that the Presidential Guard, who were meant to guard the presidential palace, had mutinied against Di\u1ec7m.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [36, 46], "content_span": [47, 700]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078440-0013-0000", "contents": "1960 South Vietnamese coup attempt, Coup\nAccording to Stanley Karnow, the Pulitzer Prize-winning author of Vietnam: A History, the coup was ineffectively executed; although the rebels captured the headquarters of the Joint General Staff near Tan Son Nhut Air Base, they failed to follow the textbook tactics of blocking the roads leading into Saigon. While they captured Saigon's principal telephone exchange at the central post office, they failed to secure a secondary system that was located in the basement. This meant that phone lines into the palace remained intact, which allowed Di\u1ec7m to call for aid from loyal units. Most notably, the director of the post office, who remained loyal, was able to call Diem's director of intelligence Tran Kim Tuyen, allowing him to summon loyalist forces.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [36, 40], "content_span": [41, 797]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078440-0014-0000", "contents": "1960 South Vietnamese coup attempt, Coup\nThe paratroopers headed down the main thoroughfare of Saigon towards Independence Palace. At first, the forces encircled the compound without attacking, believing that Di\u1ec7m would comply with their demands. \u0110\u00f4ng attempted to call on US ambassador Durbrow to put pressure on Di\u1ec7m. Durbrow, although a persistent critic of Di\u1ec7m, maintained his government's position of supporting Di\u1ec7m, stating \"We support this government until it fails\". Durbrow later recalled receiving a telephone call from an aide to Di\u1ec7m who insisted that he call Di\u1ec7m and tell him to surrender or face a howitzer attack on the palace. Durbrow refused and no attack took place. He consequently learned that the aide was forced to make the call.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [36, 40], "content_span": [41, 754]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078440-0015-0000", "contents": "1960 South Vietnamese coup attempt, Coup\nMost of the rebel soldiers had been told that they were attacking in order to save Di\u1ec7m from a mutiny by the Presidential Guard. Only one or two officers in any given rebel unit knew the true situation. A high wall, a fence and a few guard posts, surrounded the palace grounds. The mutinous paratroopers disembarked from their transport vehicles and moved into position for an attack on the main gate. Some ran forward and others raked automatic gunfire at the front of the palace, shattering most of the windows and puncturing the walls. Di\u1ec7m was nearly killed in the opening salvoes. A rebel machine gun fired into Di\u1ec7m's bedroom window from the adjacent Palais de Justice and penetrated his bed, but the president had arisen just a few minutes earlier.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [36, 40], "content_span": [41, 796]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078440-0016-0000", "contents": "1960 South Vietnamese coup attempt, Coup\nThe paratroopers' first assault on the palace met with surprising resistance. The Presidential Guardsmen who stood between the rebels and Di\u1ec7m were estimated at between 30 and 60, but they managed to repel the initial thrust and kill seven rebels who attempted to scale the palace walls and run across the grass. The rebels cordoned off the palace and held fire. They trucked in reinforcements and the attack restarted at 7:30, but the Presidential Guard continued to resist. Half an hour later, the rebels brought in five armored vehicles and circumnavigated the palace.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [36, 40], "content_span": [41, 612]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078440-0016-0001", "contents": "1960 South Vietnamese coup attempt, Coup\nThey fired at the perimeter posts, and mortared the palace grounds. However, the exchange had petered out by 10:30. In the meantime, the rebels had captured the National Police offices, Radio Saigon and the C\u1ed9ng H\u00f2a barracks of the Presidential Guard. They had also put most of the Saigon-based generals under house arrest, meaning that Di\u1ec7m's saviours would have to come from outside Saigon. However, the rebels also suffered a setback when Hong was killed during the battle for the police headquarters. He had been sitting in his jeep behind the frontline when he was hit by stray gunfire.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [36, 40], "content_span": [41, 632]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078440-0017-0000", "contents": "1960 South Vietnamese coup attempt, Coup\nDi\u1ec7m headed for the cellar, joining his younger brother and confidant Nhu, and his wife Madame Nhu. Brigadier General Nguy\u1ec5n Kh\u00e1nh, at the time the ARVN Chief of Staff, climbed over the palace wall to reach Di\u1ec7m during the siege, as the Presidential Guard had been under explicit orders to not open the gates. Khanh lived in the city center, close to the palace, and awoken by the gunfire, he drove towards the action. The plotters had tried to put him under house arrest at the start of the coup, but were unaware that he had moved house. Khanh proceeded to coordinate the loyalist defenders, along with Ky Quang Liem, the deputy director of the Civil Guard. The pair managed to trick the rebels into allowing a column of tanks drive past, which were later turned against the rebels.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [36, 40], "content_span": [41, 825]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078440-0018-0000", "contents": "1960 South Vietnamese coup attempt, Coup\nAt dawn, civilians began massing outside the palace gates, verbally encouraging the rebels and waving banners advocating regime change. Radio Saigon announced that a \"Revolutionary Council\" was in charge of South Vietnam's government. Di\u1ec7m appeared lost, while many Saigon-based ARVN troops rallied to the insurgents. According to Nguy\u1ec5n Th\u00e1i B\u00ecnh, an exiled political rival, \"Di\u1ec7m was lost. Any other than he would have capitulated.\" However, the rebels hesitated as they decided their next move. There was debate on what Di\u1ec7m's role would be in future.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [36, 40], "content_span": [41, 595]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078440-0018-0001", "contents": "1960 South Vietnamese coup attempt, Coup\nThi felt that the rebels should take the opportunity of storming the palace and capturing Di\u1ec7m, or using artillery if necessary. \u0110\u00f4ng on the other hand, was worried that Di\u1ec7m could be killed in an attack. \u0110\u00f4ng felt that despite Di\u1ec7m's shortcomings, the president was South Vietnam's best available leader, believing that enforced reform would yield the best outcome. The rebels wanted Nhu and his wife out of the government, although they disagreed over whether to kill or deport the couple.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [36, 40], "content_span": [41, 532]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078440-0019-0000", "contents": "1960 South Vietnamese coup attempt, Coup\nThi demanded that Di\u1ec7m appoint an officer as prime minister and that Di\u1ec7m remove Madame Nhu from the palace. Saigon Radio broadcast a speech authorised by Thi's Revolutionary Council, claiming that Di\u1ec7m was being removed because he was corrupt and suppressed liberty. Worried by the uprising, Di\u1ec7m sent his private secretary Vo Van Hai to negotiate with the coup leaders. In the afternoon, Khanh left the palace to meet with rebel officers to keep abreast of their demands, which they reiterated. The rebels' negotiators were \u0110\u00f4ng and Major Nguyen Huy Loi.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [36, 40], "content_span": [41, 597]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078440-0019-0001", "contents": "1960 South Vietnamese coup attempt, Coup\nThey wanted officers and opposition figures to be appointed to a new government to keep Di\u1ec7m in check, but with Hong\u2014who was meant to supposed to be the primary negotiator\u2014dead, Dong was uncertain as to what to demand. At one stage, Dong wanted Diem to remain as a \"supreme advisory\" to a transitional regime made up of military officers and civilians.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [36, 40], "content_span": [41, 393]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078440-0020-0000", "contents": "1960 South Vietnamese coup attempt, Coup\nThe plotters unilaterally named Brigadier General L\u00ea V\u0103n Kim, the head of the Vietnamese National Military Academy, the nation's premier officer training school in Da Lat, would be their new prime minister. Kim was not a Can Lao member and was later put under house arrest after Di\u1ec7m regained control. According to Kim's brother-in-law, Major General Tr\u1ea7n V\u0103n \u0110\u00f4n, Kim was willing to accept the post but was not going to say anything unless the coup succeeded. The rebels also suggested that Di\u1ec7m appoint General L\u00ea V\u0103n T\u1ef5, the chief of the armed forces, be made defence minister.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [36, 40], "content_span": [41, 621]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078440-0020-0001", "contents": "1960 South Vietnamese coup attempt, Coup\nDi\u1ec7m asked Ty, who had been put under house arrest by the plotters, if he was willing, but the officer was not. During the afternoon of November 11, the rebels used Ty as an intermediary to pass on their demands to the president. A broadcast was made over Saigon Radio, during which Ty said he had consulted with Di\u1ec7m and obtained his agreement for the \"dissolution of the present government\" and that \"with agreement of the Revolutionary Council\" had given the officers the task of constituting \"a provisional military government\".", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [36, 40], "content_span": [41, 573]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078440-0021-0000", "contents": "1960 South Vietnamese coup attempt, Coup\nPhan Quang \u0110\u00e1n joined the rebellion and acted as the rebels' spokesman. The most prominent political critic of Di\u1ec7m, \u0110\u00e1n had been disqualified from the 1959 legislative election after winning his seat by a ratio of 6:1 despite Di\u1ec7m having organised votestacking against him. He cited political mismanagement of the war against the Viet Cong and the government's refusal to broaden its political base as the reason for the revolt. \u0110\u00e1n spoke on Radio Vietnam and staged a media conference during which a rebel paratrooper pulled a portrait of the president from the wall, ripped it and stamped on it. In the meantime, Thuy went about organising a coalition of political parties to take over post-Di\u1ec7m. He had already lined up the VNQD\u0110, \u0110\u1ea1i Vi\u1ec7t, and the H\u00f2a H\u1ea3o and Cao \u0110\u00e0i religious movements, and was seeking more collaborators.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [36, 40], "content_span": [41, 870]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078440-0022-0000", "contents": "1960 South Vietnamese coup attempt, Coup\nKhanh returned to the palace and reported the result of his conversation to the Ngos. He recommended that Di\u1ec7m resign due to the demands of the rebel forces and protestors outside the palace. Madame Nhu railed against Di\u1ec7m agreeing to a power-sharing arrangement, asserting that it was the destiny of Di\u1ec7m and his family to save the country. Madame Nhu's aggressive stance and persistent calls for Khanh to attack, prompted the general to threaten to leave. This forced Di\u1ec7m to silence his sister-in-law, and Khanh remained with the president.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [36, 40], "content_span": [41, 584]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078440-0023-0000", "contents": "1960 South Vietnamese coup attempt, Coup\nDuring the standoff, Durbrow ambivalently noted \"We consider it overriding importance to Vietnam and Free World that agreement be reached soonest in order avoid continued division, further bloodshed with resultant fatal weakening Vietnam's ability [to] resist communists.\" American representatives privately recommended to both sides to reach a  peaceful agreement to share power.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [36, 40], "content_span": [41, 421]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078440-0024-0000", "contents": "1960 South Vietnamese coup attempt, Coup\nIn the meantime, the negotiations allowed time for loyalists to enter Saigon and rescue the president. Khanh used the remaining communication lines to message senior officers outside Saigon. The Fifth Division of Colonel Nguy\u1ec5n V\u0103n Thi\u1ec7u, a future president, brought infantry forces from Bi\u00ean H\u00f2a, a town north of Saigon. The Seventh Division of Colonel Tr\u1ea7n Thi\u1ec7n Khi\u00eam brought in seven infantry battalions and tanks from the Second Armored Battalion from M\u1ef9 Tho, a town in the Mekong Delta south of Saigon. Khi\u00eam was a Catholic with ties to Di\u1ec7m's older brother, Archbishop Ng\u00f4 \u0110\u00ecnh Th\u1ee5c.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [36, 40], "content_span": [41, 631]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078440-0024-0001", "contents": "1960 South Vietnamese coup attempt, Coup\nKhanh also convinced L\u00ea Nguy\u00ean Khang, the acting head of the Republic of Vietnam Marine Corps to send the 1st and 2nd Marine Battalions. Rangers were called into Saigon from the western town of T\u00e2y Ninh. Assistant Secretary of Defense Nguy\u1ec5n \u0110\u00ecnh Thu\u1eadn phoned Durbrow and discussed the impending standoff between the incoming loyalists and the rebels. Durbrow said \"I hope that the Revolutionary Committee and President Di\u1ec7m can get together and agree to cooperate as a civil war could only benefit communists.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [36, 40], "content_span": [41, 551]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078440-0024-0002", "contents": "1960 South Vietnamese coup attempt, Coup\nIf one side or the other has to make some concessions in order [to] reach an agreement, I believe that would be desirable to ensure unity against the communists.\" Durbrow was worried that if he sided with one faction over the other, and that group was defeated, the United States would be saddled with a hostile regime.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [36, 40], "content_span": [41, 360]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078440-0025-0000", "contents": "1960 South Vietnamese coup attempt, Coup\nDi\u1ec7m advised Khanh to continue to negotiate with the paratroopers and seek a rapprochement. After consenting to formal negotiations, the parties agreed to a ceasefire. In the meantime, loyalist forces continued to head towards the capital, while the rebels publicly claimed on radio that Di\u1ec7m had surrendered in an apparent attempt to attract more troops to their cause. Di\u1ec7m promised to end press censorship, liberalise the economy, and hold free and fair elections. Di\u1ec7m refused to sack Nhu, but he agreed to dissolve his cabinet and form a government that would accommodate the Revolutionary Council. In the early hours of November 12, Di\u1ec7m taped a speech detailing the concessions, which the rebels broadcast on Saigon Radio. In it he expressed his intention to \"coordinate with the Revolutionary Council to establish a coalition government\".", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [36, 40], "content_span": [41, 887]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078440-0026-0000", "contents": "1960 South Vietnamese coup attempt, Coup\nAs the speech was being aired, two infantry divisions and supporting loyal armour approached the palace grounds. Some of these had broken through the rebel encirclement by falsely claiming to be anti-Di\u1ec7m reinforcements, before setting up their positions next to the palace. The loyalists opened fire with mortars and machine guns, and both sides exchanged fire for a few hours. During the morning, Durbrow tried to stop the fighting, phoning Di\u1ec7m to say that if the violence was not stopped, \"the entire population will rise up against both loyalists and rebels, and the communists will take over the city.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [36, 40], "content_span": [41, 648]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078440-0026-0001", "contents": "1960 South Vietnamese coup attempt, Coup\nIf a bloodbath is not avoided, all of Vietnam will go communist in a very short time.\" Durbrow deplored the attempt to resolve the situation with force. Di\u1ec7m blamed the rebels for causing the outbreak of fighting and the collapse of the power-sharing deal. Some of the Saigon-based units that had joined the rebellion sensed that Di\u1ec7m had regained the upper hand and switched sides for the second time in two days.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [36, 40], "content_span": [41, 455]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078440-0026-0002", "contents": "1960 South Vietnamese coup attempt, Coup\nThe paratroopers became outnumbered and were forced to retreat to defensive positions around their barracks, which was an ad hoc camp that had been set up in a public park approximately 1 kilometre (0.62\u00a0mi) away. After a brief but violent battle that killed around 400 people, the coup attempt was crushed. This included a large number of civilians, who had been engaging in anti-Di\u1ec7m protests outside the palace grounds. Thi exhorted them to bring down the Ngos by charging the palace, and 13 were gunned down by the loyalist soldiers from the 2nd Armored Battalion as they invaded the grounds. The others dispersed quickly.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [36, 40], "content_span": [41, 667]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078440-0027-0000", "contents": "1960 South Vietnamese coup attempt, Aftermath\nAfter the failed coup, \u0110\u00f4ng, Thi, Li\u1ec5u and several other prominent officers fled to Tan Son Nhut and climbed aboard a C-47. They fled to Cambodia, where they were happily given asylum by Prince Norodom Sihanouk. Cambodia and South Vietnam had been on bad terms; Cambodia turned a blind eye to the VC using their territory as a staging ground, while Di\u1ec7m and Nhu had tried to foment opposition and had supported attempts to overthrow the Cambodian leader. Nhu had failed in a 1959 attempt to assassinate Sihanouk with a parcel bomb, and both nations' leaders despised one another.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [36, 45], "content_span": [46, 625]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078440-0028-0000", "contents": "1960 South Vietnamese coup attempt, Aftermath\nDi\u1ec7m promptly reneged on his promises, and began rounding up scores of critics, including several former cabinet ministers and some of the Caravelle Group of 18 who had released a petition calling for reform. One of Di\u1ec7m's first orders after re-establishing command was to order the arrest of Dan, who was imprisoned and tortured.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [36, 45], "content_span": [46, 376]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078440-0029-0000", "contents": "1960 South Vietnamese coup attempt, Aftermath\nFor Di\u1ec7m and his family, the failed coup was a turning point in relations with the US support, which had generally been unconditional and strong since 1955. He felt the US had let him down and that some Americans had been encouraging his overthrow and undermining his rule. He had previously thought the Americans had full support for him, but afterwards, he told his confidants that he felt like Syngman Rhee, the President of the anti-communist South Korea who had been strongly backed by Washington until being deposed earlier in 1960, a regime change Di\u1ec7m saw as US-backed.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [36, 45], "content_span": [46, 623]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078440-0029-0001", "contents": "1960 South Vietnamese coup attempt, Aftermath\nDi\u1ec7m's opponents felt the same way about the similarities to Korea. Li\u1ec5u later told Kahin \"We had no worry about getting continued American assistance if we were successful; we felt we could count on it, just like Park did when he overthrew Rhee.\" Kahin also wrote that several senior officers including a senior figure in the coup, whom he did not name, were \"explicit in charging American encouragement of the rebels\".", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [36, 45], "content_span": [46, 466]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078440-0030-0000", "contents": "1960 South Vietnamese coup attempt, Aftermath\nIn the wake of the failed coup, Di\u1ec7m blamed Durbrow for a perceived lack of US support, while his brother Nhu further accused the ambassador of colluding with the rebels. Durbrow denied this in later years, saying that he had been \"100% in support of Di\u1ec7m\". In January 1961, Di\u1ec7m told Kahin of his belief the US had been involved, while Nhu told Karnow \"the principal culprits in the revolt were the 'western embassies' and individual Americans in particular ... American military advisers were helping the paratroopers during the revolt.\"", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [36, 45], "content_span": [46, 585]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078440-0030-0001", "contents": "1960 South Vietnamese coup attempt, Aftermath\nIn May 1961, Nhu said \"[t]he least you can say ... is that the State Department was neutral between a friendly government and rebels who tried to put that government down ... and the official attitude of the Americans during that coup was not at all the attitude the President would have expected\". For Di\u1ec7m, that Durbrow had called for restraint was an indication he saw Di\u1ec7m and the rebels as equals, something Di\u1ec7m saw as anathema.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [36, 45], "content_span": [46, 480]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078440-0030-0002", "contents": "1960 South Vietnamese coup attempt, Aftermath\nDurbrow called for Di\u1ec7m to treat the remaining rebel leaders leniently, stressing the need for Di\u1ec7m to \"unify all elements of the country\", but Di\u1ec7m was adamantly opposed to this, angrily rebuffing the ambassador, saying \"You apparently do not understand that the rebels caused much blood-letting\", accusing them having \"duped\" innocent people. Di\u1ec7m also sent Gene Gregory, an American supporter who edited the Times of Vietnam\u2014an English-language newspaper operated as a mouthpiece for the Nhus and known for stridently attacking Ng\u00f4 family opponents\u2014to meet Durbrow with concrete evidence of \"American support of and complicity in the coup\". From the coup onwards, Di\u1ec7m became increasingly suspicious of Washington's policies. He was also angry with US media coverage of the coup, which depicted Di\u1ec7m as authoritarian and the revolt as a manifestation of widespread discontent. Di\u1ec7m instead viewed opposition simply as troublemakers.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [36, 45], "content_span": [46, 981]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078440-0031-0000", "contents": "1960 South Vietnamese coup attempt, Aftermath\nThe American military establishment strongly backed Di\u1ec7m. Colonel Edward Lansdale, a CIA agent who helped entrench Di\u1ec7m in power in 1955, ridiculed Durbrow's comments and called on the Eisenhower administration to recall the ambassador. Lansdale said that \"It is most doubtful that Ambassador Durbrow has any personal stature remaining. Di\u1ec7m must feel that Durbrow sided with the rebels emotionally. Perhaps he feels that Durbrow's remarks over the months helped incite the revolt.\" Lansdale criticised Durbrow: \"At the most critical moment of the coup, the U.S. Ambassador urged Di\u1ec7m to give in to rebel demands to avoid bloodshed.\"", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [36, 45], "content_span": [46, 679]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078440-0031-0001", "contents": "1960 South Vietnamese coup attempt, Aftermath\nLieutenant General Lionel McGarr, the new MAAG commander, agreed with Lansdale. McGarr had been in contact with both the rebel and loyalist units during the standoff and credited the failure of the coup to the \"courageous action of Di\u1ec7m coupled with loyalty and versatility of commanders bringing troops into Saigon\". McGarr asserted that \"Di\u1ec7m has emerged from this severe test in position of greater strength with visible proof of sincere support behind him both in armed forces and civilian population.\"", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [36, 45], "content_span": [46, 552]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078440-0031-0002", "contents": "1960 South Vietnamese coup attempt, Aftermath\nGeneral Lyman Lemnitzer, the chairman of the US Joint Chiefs of Staff said that \"When you have rebellious forces against you, you have to act forcibly and not restrain your friends. The main point is that sometimes bloodshed can't be avoided and that those in power must act decisively.\" The State Department advised President Eisenhower to send Di\u1ec7m a congratulatory message, but Durbrow objected, arguing that Di\u1ec7m would interpret the message as an unqualified endorsement of his rule and prevent him from \"grasping and heeding lessons of [the] coup\".", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [36, 45], "content_span": [46, 599]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078440-0032-0000", "contents": "1960 South Vietnamese coup attempt, Aftermath\nDi\u1ec7m later implicated two Americans, George Carver and Russ Miller for involvement in the plot. Both had spent the coup attempt with the rebel officers. Durbrow had sent them there to keep track of the situation, but Di\u1ec7m felt that they were there to encourage the uprising; the coup group's desired changes were very similar to those advocated by Durbrow in previous months. It was later revealed that Carver had friendly relations with the coup leaders and then arranged for Thuy to be evacuated from South Vietnam when the loyalists overwhelmed the paratroopers.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [36, 45], "content_span": [46, 611]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078440-0032-0001", "contents": "1960 South Vietnamese coup attempt, Aftermath\nCarver had also spent some of the coup period in a meeting with civilian rebel leaders at Thuy's house, although it is not known if he pro-actively encouraged Di\u1ec7m opponents. The Ng\u00f4 brothers indicated to the Americans that Carver should be deported, and soon after, Carver received a death warrant. The threat was supposedly signed by the coup leaders, who were ostensibly angry because Carver had abandoned them and withdrawn American support for them.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [36, 45], "content_span": [46, 500]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078440-0032-0002", "contents": "1960 South Vietnamese coup attempt, Aftermath\nThe Americans thought that Nhu was the real culprit, but told the Ng\u00f4 family that they were removing Carver from the country for his own safety, thereby allowing all parties to avoid embarrassment. Years later, Carver said he agreed with the rebels' thinking that Di\u1ec7m was doing poorly and needed to be replaced, saying he was \"absolutely convinced\" that a regime change was needed to \"achieve American objective in Vietnam\". In his memoir, Don claimed Miller had cryptically encouraged him to overthrow Di\u1ec7m a few months before the coup attempt.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [36, 45], "content_span": [46, 592]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078440-0033-0000", "contents": "1960 South Vietnamese coup attempt, Aftermath\nThe rift between American diplomatic and military representatives in South Vietnam began to grow. In the meantime, Durbrow continued his policy of pressuring Di\u1ec7m to liberalize his regime. Durbrow saw the coup as a sign that Di\u1ec7m was unpopular and with the South Vietnamese president making only token changes, the ambassador informed Washington that Di\u1ec7m might have to be removed. However, in December, the Assistant Secretary of State for Far Eastern Affairs J. Graham Parsons told Durbrow to stop, cabling \"Believe for present Embassy has gone as far as feasible in pushing for liberalization and future exhortation likely to be counterproductive.\"", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [36, 45], "content_span": [46, 697]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078440-0034-0000", "contents": "1960 South Vietnamese coup attempt, Aftermath\nThe tensions between the palace and the US was mirrored in the ARVN. The paratroopers had been regarded as the most loyal of the ARVN's units, so Di\u1ec7m intensified his policy of promoting officers based on loyalty rather than competence. Khi\u00eam was made a general and appointed Army Chief of Staff. The Ng\u00f4 brothers were so paranoid that they felt that Khanh was suspect as he had broken through the rebel lines too easily. Khanh's action gained him a reputation of having helped the president, but he was later criticised for having a foot in both camps.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [36, 45], "content_span": [46, 599]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078440-0034-0001", "contents": "1960 South Vietnamese coup attempt, Aftermath\nCritics claimed that Khanh had been on good terms with the rebels and decided against rebelling when it was clear that Di\u1ec7m would win. Khanh was later dispatched to the Central Highlands as the commander of II Corps. General D\u01b0\u01a1ng V\u0103n Minh, who did not come to Di\u1ec7m's defense during the siege and instead stayed at home, was demoted. During the revolt, the plotters had nominated Minh to become their Defence Minister, but he refused when Di\u1ec7m contacted him, claiming that he would willingly fight for Di\u1ec7m on the battlefield, but was neither interested in nor suited for politics.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [36, 45], "content_span": [46, 627]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078440-0034-0002", "contents": "1960 South Vietnamese coup attempt, Aftermath\nHowever, Minh did not come to assist Di\u1ec7m, and the president responded by appointing him to the post of Presidential Military Advisor, where he had no influence or troops to command in case the thought of coup ever crossed his mind. Minh and Lieutenant General Tran Van Don, the commander of the 1st Division in central Vietnam, but who was in Saigon when the coup attempt occurred, were the subject of a military investigation by the regime, but were cleared of involvement by junior officers appointed by Diem. Don's brother-in-law Kim, was also subjected to formal investigation, and placed under house arrest for a few weeks after the coup attempt. Despite being cleared of any wrongdoing, he was removed from his post as the director of the National Military Academy and transferred to Minh's unit.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [36, 45], "content_span": [46, 849]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078440-0035-0000", "contents": "1960 South Vietnamese coup attempt, Aftermath\nLansdale continued to be critical of Durbrow, and wanted to replace him as ambassador. Two months later, the incoming US President John F. Kennedy started a review of Washington's stance with regards to Saigon. Lansdale's report predicted South Vietnam's demise, and along with it, the rest of South East Asia and US preeminence in global affairs, unless a new direction was found. He blamed what he saw as Durbrow's poor judgement for the problems in the alliance, and that the current ambassador could not work effectively anymore because he had \"sympathized strongly\" with the coup.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [36, 45], "content_span": [46, 631]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078440-0035-0001", "contents": "1960 South Vietnamese coup attempt, Aftermath\nWithout explicitly suggesting himself, Lansdale said that Durbrow had to be replaced with someone \"with marked leadership talents\" and the ability to \"influence Asians through understanding them sympathetically\". Lansdale called Di\u1ec7m \"the only Vietnamese with executive ability and the required determination to be an effective President\" and said the new ambassador needed thus needed to have a rapport with him. Lansdale said Di\u1ec7m was comfortable with MAAG and the CIA, but felt that diplomats were \"very close to those who tried to kill him on November 11\".", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [36, 45], "content_span": [46, 606]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078440-0035-0002", "contents": "1960 South Vietnamese coup attempt, Aftermath\nDuring the meeting at which these matters were discussed, there was strong agreement that Durbrow's position in Saigon had become untenable. Lansdale's submissions were seen as being important in Kennedy's decision to replace Durbrow with Frederick Nolting in May 1961. Nolting was a mild man who was seen as unlikely to pressure Di\u1ec7m to reform and therefore upset him. Kennedy was thought to have seriously contemplated the appointment of Lansdale, before encountering complaints from sections of the State and Defense Departments, among them Defense Secretary Robert McNamara. Kennedy also increased funding for Di\u1ec7m immediately and made a show of support for the Vietnamese leader at the advice of Lansdale.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [36, 45], "content_span": [46, 756]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078440-0036-0000", "contents": "1960 South Vietnamese coup attempt, Trial\nThe trial of those charged with involvement in the coup occurred more than two years later in mid-1963. Di\u1ec7m scheduled the hearing in the middle of the Buddhist crisis, a move that was interpreted as an attempt to deter the populace from further dissent. Nineteen officers and 34 civilians were accused of complicity in the coup and called before the Special Military Court.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [36, 41], "content_span": [42, 416]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078440-0037-0000", "contents": "1960 South Vietnamese coup attempt, Trial\nDi\u1ec7m's officials gave the Americans an unsubtle warning not to interfere. The official prosecutor claimed to have documents proving that a foreign power was behind the failed coup but said that he could not publicly name the nation in question. It was later revealed in secret proceedings that he pinpointed two Americans: George Carver, an employee of the United States Operations Mission (an economic mission) who was later revealed to be a CIA agent, and Howard C. Elting, described as the deputy chief of the American mission in Saigon.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [36, 41], "content_span": [42, 582]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078440-0038-0000", "contents": "1960 South Vietnamese coup attempt, Trial\nOne of the prominent civilians summoned to appear before the military tribunal was a well-known novelist who wrote under the pen name of Nhat Linh. He was the VNQD\u0110 leader Nguy\u1ec5n T\u01b0\u1eddng Tam, who had been Ho Chi Minh's foreign affairs minister in 1946. Tam had abandoned his post rather than lead the delegation to the Fontainebleau Conference and make concessions to the French Union. In the 30\u00a0months since the failed putsch, the police had not taken the conspiracy claims seriously enough to arrest Tam, but when Tam learned of the trial, he committed suicide by ingesting cyanide.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [36, 41], "content_span": [42, 624]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078440-0038-0001", "contents": "1960 South Vietnamese coup attempt, Trial\nHe left a death note stating \"I also will kill myself as a warning to those people who are trampling on all freedom\", referring to Th\u00edch Qu\u1ea3ng \u0110\u1ee9c, the monk who self-immolated in protest against Di\u1ec7m's persecution of Buddhism. Tam's suicide was greeted with a mixed reception. Although some felt that it upheld the Vietnamese tradition of choosing death over humiliation, some VNQD\u0110 members considered Tam's actions to be romantic and sentimental.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [36, 41], "content_span": [42, 489]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078440-0039-0000", "contents": "1960 South Vietnamese coup attempt, Trial\nThe brief trial opened on July 8, 1963. The seven officers and two civilians who had fled the country after the failed coup were found guilty and sentenced to death in absentia. Five officers were acquitted, while the remainder were imprisoned for terms ranging from five to ten years. Another VNQD\u0110 leader V\u0169 H\u1ed3ng Khanh was given six years in prison. Former Di\u1ec7m cabinet minister Phan Kh\u1eafc S\u1eedu was sentenced to eight years, mainly for being a signatory of the Caravelle Group which called on Di\u1ec7m to reform. Dan, the spokesman was sentenced to seven years. Fourteen of the civilians were acquitted, including Tam.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [36, 41], "content_span": [42, 656]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078440-0040-0000", "contents": "1960 South Vietnamese coup attempt, Trial\nHowever, the prisoners' time in prison was brief, as Di\u1ec7m was deposed and killed in a coup in November 1963. On November 8, political opponents who had been imprisoned on the island of Poulo Condore were released by the military junta. \u0110\u00e1n was garlanded and taken to military headquarters, and on November 10, Suu was released and welcomed by a large crowd at the town hall. Suu later served as president for a brief period and Dan as a deputy prime minister. Thi, \u0110\u00f4ng and Li\u1ec5u returned to South Vietnam and resumed their service in the ARVN.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [36, 41], "content_span": [42, 585]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078441-0000-0000", "contents": "1960 Southern 500\nThe 1960 Southern 500, the 11th running of the event, was a NASCAR Grand National Series event that was held on September 5, 1960, at Darlington Raceway in Darlington, South Carolina. Contested over 364 laps on the 1.366-mile (2.198 km) egg-shaped oval, it was the 35th race of the 1960 NASCAR Grand National Series season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [17, 17], "content_span": [18, 341]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078441-0001-0000", "contents": "1960 Southern 500\nThe race is known as one of the deadliest Southern 500s in history. On lap 95, race leader Bobby Johns and Roy Tyner locked bumpers, and both crashed on pit road. The crash would kill two mechanics and a NASCAR official.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [17, 17], "content_span": [18, 238]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078441-0002-0000", "contents": "1960 Southern 500, Background\nDarlington Raceway, nicknamed by many NASCAR fans and drivers as \"The Lady in Black\" or \"The Track Too Tough to Tame\" and advertised as a \"NASCAR Tradition\", is a race track built for NASCAR racing located near Darlington, South Carolina. It is of a unique, somewhat egg-shaped design, an oval with the ends of very different configurations, a condition which supposedly arose from the proximity of one end of the track to a minnow pond the owner refused to relocate. This situation makes it very challenging for the crews to set up their cars' handling in a way that will be effective at both ends.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 29], "content_span": [30, 629]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078441-0003-0000", "contents": "1960 Southern 500, Background\nThe track is a four-turn 1.366 miles (2.198 km) oval. The track's first two turns are banked at twenty-five degrees, while the final two turns are banked two degrees lower at twenty-three degrees. The front stretch (the location of the finish line) and the back stretch is banked at six degrees. Darlington Raceway can seat up to 60,000 people.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 29], "content_span": [30, 374]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078441-0004-0000", "contents": "1960 Southern 500, Background\nDarlington has something of a legendary quality among drivers and older fans; this is probably due to its long track length relative to other NASCAR speedways of its era and hence the first venue where many of them became cognizant of the truly high speeds that stock cars could achieve on a long track. The track allegedly earned the moniker The Lady in Black because the night before the race the track maintenance crew would cover the entire track with fresh asphalt sealant, in the early years of the speedway, thus making the racing surface dark black.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 29], "content_span": [30, 587]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078441-0004-0001", "contents": "1960 Southern 500, Background\nDarlington is also known as \"The Track Too Tough to Tame\" because drivers can run lap after lap without a problem and then bounce off of the wall the following lap. Racers will frequently explain that they have to race the racetrack, not their competition. Drivers hitting the wall are considered to have received their \"Darlington Stripe\" thanks to the missing paint on the right side of the car.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 29], "content_span": [30, 427]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078441-0005-0000", "contents": "1960 Southern 500, Race recap\nIt would take 4 hours and 43 minutes to complete the race.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 29], "content_span": [30, 88]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078441-0006-0000", "contents": "1960 Southern 500, Race recap\nOn lap 95, race leader Bobby Johns and Roy Tyner locked bumpers, and both crashed on pit road. The crash would kill two mechanics and a NASCAR official. Johns's car crashed into an observation post, the pit wall retaining wall, and then swiped the pit area where mechanics had just serviced Joe Lee Johnson's car. Paul McDuffie and Charles Sweatland, both mechanics for Joe Lee Johnson's team, were killed. A third, NASCAR official Joe Taylor, was also killed. Three more mechanics and a spectator were injured. Johns would manage to walk away from the incident. Joe Lee Johnson would withdraw from the race.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 29], "content_span": [30, 638]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078441-0007-0000", "contents": "1960 Southern 500, Race recap\nRace leader Buck Baker, on the last corner of his last lap, had his right rear tire blow out. Meanwhile, second place Rex White was given an early white flag, and Baker had the white flag waved to him twice as he crossed the line with his blown tire. Baker limped his stricken car around the track to complete one more lap, by which time White had crossed the line and been given the checkered flag. NASCAR officials would discover that White had accidentally been awarded an extra lap, and that Baker was forced to run an extra lap. Baker would eventually be declared the winner.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 29], "content_span": [30, 610]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078442-0000-0000", "contents": "1960 Southern Conference Men's Basketball Tournament\nThe 1960 Southern Conference Men's Basketball Tournament took place from February 25\u201327, 1960 at the Richmond Arena in Richmond, Virginia. The West Virginia Mountaineeers, led by head coach Fred Schaus, won their sixth Southern Conference title and received the automatic berth to the 1960 NCAA Tournament.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 52], "section_span": [52, 52], "content_span": [53, 359]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078442-0001-0000", "contents": "1960 Southern Conference Men's Basketball Tournament, Format\nThe top eight finishers  of the conference's nine members were eligible for the tournament. Teams were seeded based on conference winning percentage. The tournament used a preset bracket consisting of three rounds.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 52], "section_span": [54, 60], "content_span": [61, 275]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078443-0000-0000", "contents": "1960 Southern Illinois Salukis football team\nThe 1960 Southern Illinois Salukis football team was an American football team that represented Southern Illinois University (now known as Southern Illinois University Carbondale) in the Interstate Intercollegiate Athletic Conference (IIAC) during the 1960 NCAA College Division football season. Under second-year head coach Carmen Piccone, the team compiled a 8\u20132 record (6\u20130 against conference opponents) and won the IIAC championship. The team played its home games at McAndrew Stadium in Carbondale, Illinois.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [44, 44], "content_span": [45, 558]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078444-0000-0000", "contents": "1960 Southern Jaguars football team\nThe 1960 Southern Jaguars football team was an American football team that represented Southern University in the 1960 NCAA College Division football season. In their 25th season under head coach Ace Mumford, the Jaguars compiled a 9\u20131 record (6\u20131 against SWAC opponents), finished in a three-way with Grambling and Prairie View A&M for the SWAC championship, and outscored all opponents by a total of 226 to 79. The team played its home games at University Stadium in Baton Rouge, Louisiana.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [35, 35], "content_span": [36, 528]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078444-0001-0000", "contents": "1960 Southern Jaguars football team\nThe team was selected by the \"Pigskin Huddle\" ratings of the Associated Negro Press (ANP) as the 1960 black college national champion. Southern finished ahead of second-place Florida A&M, third-place Grambling, and fourth place Prairie View. In selecting a national champion, the ANP noted that Southern's strength of schedule, which included non-conference games against Florida A&M and Tennessee A&I, gave it the edge. Southern also received the W.A. Scott II Memorial Trophy as the national champion.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [35, 35], "content_span": [36, 539]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078444-0002-0000", "contents": "1960 Southern Jaguars football team\nQuarterback Cyrus Lancaster was selected by the Pittsburgh Courier as the first-team quarterback on its 1960 All-America team. Lineman David Evans and halfback Robert Williams were selected to the second team.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [35, 35], "content_span": [36, 245]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078445-0000-0000", "contents": "1960 Southwestern Louisiana Bulldogs football team\nThe 1960 Southwestern Louisiana Bulldogs football team was an American football team that represented the University of Southwestern Louisiana (now known as the University of Louisiana at Lafayette) in the Gulf States Conference during the 1960 NCAA College Division football season. In their third year under head coach Red Hoggatt, the team compiled a 6\u20134 record.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 50], "section_span": [50, 50], "content_span": [51, 416]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078446-0000-0000", "contents": "1960 Soviet Class B\n1960 Soviet Class B was the eleventh season of the Soviet Class B football competitions since their establishment in 1950. It was also the twentieth season of what was eventually became known as the Soviet First League.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [19, 19], "content_span": [20, 239]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078447-0000-0000", "contents": "1960 Soviet Top League\n22 teams took part in the league with FC Torpedo Moscow winning the championship.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [22, 22], "content_span": [23, 104]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078448-0000-0000", "contents": "1960 Spanish Guinea by-election\nA by-election to the Spanish Cortes Espa\u00f1olas was held in Spanish Guinea in 1960.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [31, 31], "content_span": [32, 113]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078448-0001-0000", "contents": "1960 Spanish Guinea by-election, Background\nSpanish Guinea was transformed from a colony to a province on 30 July 1959; this gave it the right to elect six members (three Africans and three Spaniards) to the Spanish parliament, the Cortes Espa\u00f1olas, a process not extended to Spain until 1967.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 43], "content_span": [44, 293]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078448-0002-0000", "contents": "1960 Spanish Guinea by-election, Electoral system\nEach of the two provinces (Fernando P\u00f3 and R\u00edo Muni) were to indirectly elect three members in electoral colleges. The 42 local councils on Fernando P\u00f3 (which had been elected earlier in the year) each elected four delegates to an electoral college that would elect three members of the Cortes Espa\u00f1olas; the 46 councils in R\u00edo Muni also each elected four members to an electoral college to select the other three Cortes Espa\u00f1olas members.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 49], "content_span": [50, 489]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078448-0003-0000", "contents": "1960 Spanish Guinea by-election, Results\nIn Fernando P\u00f3 two Africans (W. Jones Niger and C.C. y James) and one European (the President of the Provincial Assembly) were elected. In R\u00edo Muni, two Europeans (the mayor of Bata and the President of the Provincial Assembly) and one African (F. Esono Nsu\u00e9) were elected.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 40], "content_span": [41, 314]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078449-0000-0000", "contents": "1960 Spanish Guinean provincial election\nIndirect provincial elections were held in Spanish Guinea in 1960. Local council elections were held on 5 June, with some elected by corporations on 12 June. Two Provincial Assemblies (one in Fernando P\u00f3 and one in R\u00edo Muni) were subsequently elected on 28 August.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [40, 40], "content_span": [41, 305]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078449-0001-0000", "contents": "1960 Spanish Guinean provincial election, Background\nSpanish Guinea was transformed from a colony to a province on 30 July 1959. An electoral law was passed on 7 April 1960, creating two Provincial Assemblies half elected by local councils and half by corporations.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [42, 52], "content_span": [53, 265]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078449-0002-0000", "contents": "1960 Spanish Guinean provincial election, Electoral system\nThe members of the Provincial Assembly were elected by two methods; half were elected by local councils and half by corporations.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [42, 58], "content_span": [59, 188]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078449-0003-0000", "contents": "1960 Spanish Guinean provincial election, Electoral system\nThe Fernando P\u00f3 Assembly had eight members (four elected by councils and four by corporations), whilst the R\u00edo Muni Assembly had ten members (five elected by councils and five by corporations).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [42, 58], "content_span": [59, 252]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078449-0004-0000", "contents": "1960 Spanish Guinean provincial election, Results\nThe local council elections on 5 June saw 248 candidates contest the 207 seats available in 58 municipalities; 44 in R\u00edo Muni and 14 in Fernando P\u00f3. Voter turnout was 100% in Sevilla de Niefang and 88% in Santa Isabel. On 12 June the remaining 30 municipalities (28 in Fernando P\u00f3 and 2 in R\u00edo Muni) were elected solely by corporations. The final stage of the elections took place on 28 August, when the local councils elected half of the Provincial Assembly members, and corporations the remaining half.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [42, 49], "content_span": [50, 554]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078450-0000-0000", "contents": "1960 Speedway National League\nThe 1960 National League was the 26th season and the fifteenth post-war season of the highest tier of motorcycle speedway in Great Britain.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [29, 29], "content_span": [30, 169]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078450-0001-0000", "contents": "1960 Speedway National League, Summary\nThe number of competitors increased from nine to ten with New Cross Rangers returning after a seven-year absence, and Ipswich Witches returning after one year away replacing Poole Pirates who moved down to the newly formed Provincial League.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 38], "content_span": [39, 280]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078450-0002-0000", "contents": "1960 Speedway National League, Summary\nWimbledon Dons won their sixth title in just seven years.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 38], "content_span": [39, 96]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078450-0003-0000", "contents": "1960 Speedway National League, Summary\nDerek 'Tink' Maynard of the Belle Vue Aces was fatally injured in a crash at The Firs Stadium, on 23 July 1960. Maynard was competing in the second leg of the National Trophy against Norwich when Slant Payling lost control of his bike and it hit Maynard. Both riders were taken to Norwich Hospital but Maynard died the following morning.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 38], "content_span": [39, 376]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078450-0004-0000", "contents": "1960 Speedway National League, National Trophy\nThe 1960 National Trophy was the 22nd edition of the Knockout Cup. Wimbledon were the winners.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 46], "content_span": [47, 141]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078451-0000-0000", "contents": "1960 Speedway World Team Cup\n1960 Speedway World Team Cup was the first edition of the FIM Speedway World Team Cup to determine the team world champions. The final took place in Gothenburg, Sweden. The World Champion title was won by Sweden team (44 pts) who beat England (30 pts), Czechoslovakia (15 pts) and Poland (7 pts).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [28, 28], "content_span": [29, 325]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078451-0001-0000", "contents": "1960 Speedway World Team Cup\nSweden's reigning World Champion Ove Fundin went through the entire World Team Cup undefeated. This feat would not be matched until Australia's Jason Crump went through the 2001 Speedway World Cup undefeated. To honour Fundin's deeds in 1960, the winners of the current Speedway World Cup (which replaced the Team World Cup in 2001) receive the Ove Fundin Trophy.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [28, 28], "content_span": [29, 392]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078451-0002-0000", "contents": "1960 Speedway World Team Cup, Qualification, East European Round\nRound was canceled. Poland was qualify to the final. East Germany, Hungary and Yugoslavia windraw.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 64], "content_span": [65, 163]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078451-0003-0000", "contents": "1960 Speedway World Team Cup, World Final\nRune S\u00f6rmander - 11 (3,2,3,3)Ove Fundin - 12 (3,3,3,3)Olle Nygren - 12 (3,3,3,3)Bj\u00f6rn Knutsson - 9 (3,E,3,3)res. G\u00f6te Nordin - NS", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 41], "content_span": [42, 171]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078451-0004-0000", "contents": "1960 Speedway World Team Cup, World Final\nPeter Craven - 8 (2,2,2,2)Ron How - 7 (2,3,2,-)Ken McKinlay - 8 (2,3,1,2)Nigel Boocock - 1 (1,0,-,-)res. George White - 6 (-,-,2,2/2)", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 41], "content_span": [42, 175]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078451-0005-0000", "contents": "1960 Speedway World Team Cup, World Final\nLubo\u0161 Tom\u00ed\u010dek Sr. - 4 (0,2,1,1)Jaroslav Macha\u010d - 3 (1,1,1,0)Franti\u0161ek Richter - 3 (1,1,1,F)Anton\u00edn Kasper Sr. - 5 (2,0,2,1)res. Bohum\u00edr Barton\u011bk - NS", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 41], "content_span": [42, 191]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078451-0006-0000", "contents": "1960 Speedway World Team Cup, World Final\nKonstanty Pociejkewicz - 3 (1,2,E,0)Marian Kaiser - 2 (0,1,0,1)Mieczys\u0142aw Po\u0142ukard - 2 (0,1,0,1)Jan Malinowski - 0 (E,0,F,0)res. Bronislaw Rogal - 0 (0)", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 41], "content_span": [42, 194]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078452-0000-0000", "contents": "1960 St. John's Redmen baseball team\nThe 1960 St. John's Redmen baseball team represented the St. John's University in the 1960 NCAA University Division baseball season. The Redmen played their home games at Alley Pond Park. The team was coached by Jack Kaiser in his St. John's University in his 5th year at St. John's.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [36, 36], "content_span": [37, 320]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078452-0001-0000", "contents": "1960 St. John's Redmen baseball team\nThe Redmen, didn't qualify for the District II Tournament, because they finished second in the Metropolitan New York Conference, but with the Hofstra Pride opting out of the tournament due to their finals schedule, the Redmen were invited in their place. They won District II to advance to the College World Series, where they were defeated by the Arizona Wildcats.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [36, 36], "content_span": [37, 402]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078453-0000-0000", "contents": "1960 St. Louis Cardinals (NFL) season\nThe 1960 St. Louis Cardinals season was the team's 41st year with the National Football League (NFL) and the first in St. Louis, following their relocation from Chicago, where they had played the previous 40 seasons. The Cardinals went 6\u20135\u20131 during the first season in their new city, while playing their home schedule at Busch Stadium.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [37, 37], "content_span": [38, 374]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078453-0001-0000", "contents": "1960 St. Louis Cardinals (NFL) season, Regular season, Schedule\nNotes: Intra-conference opponents are in bold text. A bye week was necessary in 1960, as the league expanded to an odd-number (13) of teams (Dallas); one team was idle each week.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [39, 63], "content_span": [64, 242]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078453-0002-0000", "contents": "1960 St. Louis Cardinals (NFL) season, Regular season, Standings\nNote: Tie games were not officially counted in the standings until 1972.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [39, 64], "content_span": [65, 137]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078454-0000-0000", "contents": "1960 St. Louis Cardinals season\nThe 1960 St. Louis Cardinals season was the team's 79th season in St. Louis, Missouri and its 69th season in the National League. The Cardinals went 86\u201368 during the season, a fifteen-game improvement over the previous season, and finished third in the National League, nine games behind the World Champion Pittsburgh Pirates.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [31, 31], "content_span": [32, 358]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078454-0001-0000", "contents": "1960 St. Louis Cardinals season, Regular season\nFirst baseman Bill White and third baseman Ken Boyer won Gold Gloves this year.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 47], "content_span": [48, 127]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078454-0002-0000", "contents": "1960 St. Louis Cardinals season, Player stats, Batting, Starters by position\nNote: Pos = Position; G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 76], "content_span": [77, 201]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078454-0003-0000", "contents": "1960 St. Louis Cardinals season, Player stats, Batting, Other batters\nNote: G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 69], "content_span": [70, 178]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078454-0004-0000", "contents": "1960 St. Louis Cardinals season, Player stats, Pitching, Starting pitchers\nNote: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 74], "content_span": [75, 185]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078454-0005-0000", "contents": "1960 St. Louis Cardinals season, Player stats, Pitching, Other pitchers\nNote: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 71], "content_span": [72, 182]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078454-0006-0000", "contents": "1960 St. Louis Cardinals season, Player stats, Pitching, Relief pitchers\nNote: G = Games pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; SV = Saves; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 72], "content_span": [73, 173]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078455-0000-0000", "contents": "1960 Stanford Indians football team\nThe 1960 Stanford Indians football team represented Stanford University in the 1960 NCAA University Division football season. Stanford was led by third-year head coach Jack Curtice, and played their home games on campus at Stanford Stadium in Stanford, California.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [35, 35], "content_span": [36, 300]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078455-0001-0000", "contents": "1960 Stanford Indians football team\nThis was the second winless season in Stanford history, after the 1947 season; these were the only two winless seasons in the history of Stanford football.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [35, 35], "content_span": [36, 191]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078456-0000-0000", "contents": "1960 Stanley Cup Finals\nThe 1960 Stanley Cup Finals was the championship series of the National Hockey League's (NHL) 1959\u201360 season, and the culmination of the 1960 Stanley Cup playoffs. It was contested between the four-time defending champion Montreal Canadiens, appearing in their tenth consecutive finals, and the Toronto Maple Leafs; it was a rematch of the previous year's finals. The Canadiens won the series, four games to none, for their fifth straight Cup victory, which stands as an NHL record.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [23, 23], "content_span": [24, 506]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078456-0001-0000", "contents": "1960 Stanley Cup Finals, Paths to the finals\nMontreal swept the Chicago Black Hawks in four games to reach the Final. In the other semi-final, Toronto defeated the Detroit Red Wings four games to two.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 44], "content_span": [45, 200]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078456-0002-0000", "contents": "1960 Stanley Cup Finals, Game summaries\nMontreal swept the Maple Leafs, outscoring them 15\u20135, en route to being the first team since the 1952 Detroit Red Wings to go without a loss in the playoffs, with Jean Beliveau scoring the game-winning goal in three of the matches. The Red Wings beat both the Leafs and Habs in the 1952 playoffs to set the record.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 39], "content_span": [40, 354]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078456-0003-0000", "contents": "1960 Stanley Cup Finals, Game summaries\nAfter the series Rocket Richard retired. He went out with style, finishing with his 34th final-series goal in the third game.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 39], "content_span": [40, 165]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078456-0004-0000", "contents": "1960 Stanley Cup Finals, Game summaries\nAs of 2020, this is the last time a team from Toronto has lost a championship series in any of the \"big four\" major professional sports leagues. The Leafs would go on to appear in and win four Stanley Cup Finals in the 1960s, these being 1962, 1963, 1964 and their most recent Finals appearance and win in 1967. Since then, the Toronto Blue Jays (who joined Major League Baseball in 1977) have appeared in and won the World Series in 1992 and 1993, while the Toronto Raptors (who joined the National Basketball Association in 1995) appeared in and won the NBA Finals in 2019.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 39], "content_span": [40, 615]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078456-0005-0000", "contents": "1960 Stanley Cup Finals, Stanley Cup engraving\nThe 1960 Stanley Cup was presented to Canadiens captain Maurice Richard by NHL President Clarence Campbell following the Canadiens 4\u20130 win over the Maple Leafs in game four.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 46], "content_span": [47, 220]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078456-0006-0000", "contents": "1960 Stanley Cup Finals, Stanley Cup engraving\nThe following Canadiens players and staff had their names engraved on the Stanley Cup", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 46], "content_span": [47, 132]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078456-0007-0000", "contents": "1960 Stanley Cup Finals, Stanley Cup engraving, Members of Montreal Canadiens Five Straight Dynasty 1956 to 1960\nJean Beliveau, Bernie Geoffrion*, Doug Harvey*, Tom Johnson*, Don Marshall, Dickie Moore*, Jacques Plante*, Claude Provost, Henri Richard, Maurice Richard*, Jean-Guy Talbot, Bob Turner (twelve players), Frank Selke Sr*, Ken Reardon, Toe Blake, Hector Dubois* (four non-players).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 112], "content_span": [113, 391]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078457-0000-0000", "contents": "1960 Stanley Cup playoffs\nThe 1960 Stanley Cup playoffs was the tournament to determine the 1960 Stanley Cup professional ice hockey championship of the National Hockey League (NHL)", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [25, 25], "content_span": [26, 181]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078457-0001-0000", "contents": "1960 Stanley Cup playoffs\nThe momentum did not stop for the regular-season champion Montreal Canadiens as they played the minimum number of games to win the Stanley Cup. Montreal, in the process, became the last Cup winners in NHL history to go undefeated in the playoffs to date. After winning the Stanley Cup, Maurice Richard retired from the NHL as a champion.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [25, 25], "content_span": [26, 363]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078457-0002-0000", "contents": "1960 Stanley Cup playoffs, Semifinals\nBobby Hull of the Chicago Black Hawks had led the league in scoring, but the well-oiled machine called the Montreal Canadiens managed to hold him to only six goals as the Canadiens swept the Black Hawks in four. The Toronto Maple Leafs, though, had a slightly tougher time against the Gordie Howe led Detroit Red Wings as it took the Leafs 6 games, including one in triple overtime, to win the series.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [27, 37], "content_span": [38, 439]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078457-0003-0000", "contents": "1960 Stanley Cup playoffs, Leading scorers\nNote: GP = Games played; G = Goals; A = Assists; Pts = Points", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [27, 42], "content_span": [43, 104]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078458-0000-0000", "contents": "1960 Star World Championships\nThe 1960 Star World Championships were held in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil in 1960.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [29, 29], "content_span": [30, 108]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078458-0001-0000", "contents": "1960 Star World Championships, Results\nLegend: DNF \u2013 Did not finish; DSA \u2013 Disabled; DSQ \u2013 Disqualified; WDR \u2013 Withdrew;", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 38], "content_span": [39, 120]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078459-0000-0000", "contents": "1960 State of the Union Address\nThe 1960 State of the Union Address was given on Thursday, January 7, 1960, by Dwight D. Eisenhower, the 34th president of the United States, to a joint session of the 86th United States Congress. He said, \"We must strive to break the calamitous cycle of frustrations and crises which, if unchecked, could spiral into nuclear disaster; the ultimate insanity.\" It was the height of the Cold War, and both the Soviet Union and the United States had a responsibility to the world.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [31, 31], "content_span": [32, 509]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078459-0001-0000", "contents": "1960 State of the Union Address, Key statements\nSo dedicated, and with faith in the Almighty, humanity shall one day achieve the unity in freedom to which all men have aspired from the dawn of time.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 47], "content_span": [48, 198]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078460-0000-0000", "contents": "1960 Sugar Bowl\nThe 1960 Sugar Bowl to the featured the second-ranked Ole Miss Rebels, and the third ranked LSU Tigers. LSU was the defending national champion, playing in its home state, but faced a rematch of a tough 7-3 win in a regular season game.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 15], "section_span": [15, 15], "content_span": [16, 252]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078460-0001-0000", "contents": "1960 Sugar Bowl\nAfter a scoreless first quarter of play, Ole Miss scored on a 43-yard touchdown pass from quarterback Jake Gibbs to Cowboy Woodruff, as the Rebels took a 7\u20130 lead. In the third quarter, Bobby Franklin of Ole Miss threw an 18-yard touchdown pass to Larry Grantham as Ole Miss led 14\u20130. In the fourth quarter, Franklin threw a 9-yard touchdown pass to George Blair as Ole Miss led 21\u20130. They held on to win the game.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 15], "section_span": [15, 15], "content_span": [16, 430]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078460-0002-0000", "contents": "1960 Sugar Bowl\nThe story of the game was Ole Miss's relentless defense, that may have been one of the best in any bowl game's history. It held LSU to just 74 yards of total offense, including \u201315 rushing yards, and never let LSU inside the Ole Miss 38-yard line during the game. Bobby Franklin was named the game's MVP.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 15], "section_span": [15, 15], "content_span": [16, 320]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078461-0000-0000", "contents": "1960 Summer Olympics\nThe 1960 Summer Olympics (Italian: Giochi Olimpici estivi del 1960), officially known as the Games of the XVII Olympiad (Italian: Giochi della XVII Olimpiade) and commonly known as Rome 1960 (Italian: Roma 1960), were an international multi-sport event held from 25 August to 11 September 1960 in Rome, Italy. Rome had previously been awarded the administration of the 1908 Summer Olympics, but following the eruption of Mount Vesuvius in 1906, the city had no choice but to decline and pass the honour to London. The Soviet Union won the most gold and overall medals at the 1960 Games.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [20, 20], "content_span": [21, 607]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078461-0001-0000", "contents": "1960 Summer Olympics, Host city selection\nOn 15 June 1955, at the 50th IOC Session in Paris, France, Rome won the rights to host the 1960 Games, having beaten Brussels, Mexico City, Tokyo, Detroit, Budapest and finally Lausanne. Tokyo and Mexico City would subsequently host the proceeding 1964 and 1968 Summer Olympics respectively.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [22, 41], "content_span": [42, 333]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078461-0002-0000", "contents": "1960 Summer Olympics, Host city selection\nToronto was initially interested in the bidding, but appears to have dropped out during the final phase of the bid process. This was the first of five unsuccessful attempts by Toronto to secure the Summer Olympics from then until the 2008 games.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [22, 41], "content_span": [42, 287]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078461-0003-0000", "contents": "1960 Summer Olympics, Venues\n1 New facilities constructed in preparation for the Olympic Games. 2 Existing facilities modified or refurbished in preparation for the Olympic Games.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [22, 28], "content_span": [29, 179]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078461-0004-0000", "contents": "1960 Summer Olympics, Games, Participating National Olympic Committees\nA total of 83 nations participated at the Rome Games. Athletes from Morocco, San Marino, Sudan, and Tunisia competed at the Olympic Games for the first time. Athletes from Barbados, Jamaica and Trinidad and Tobago would represent the new (British) West Indies Federation, competing as \"Antilles\", but this nation would only exist for this single Olympiad. Athletes from Northern Rhodesia and Southern Rhodesia competed under the Rhodesia name while representing the Federation of Rhodesia and Nyasaland. Athletes from East Germany and West Germany would compete as the United Team of Germany from 1956 to 1964. The number in parentheses indicates the number of participants that each country contributed.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [22, 70], "content_span": [71, 775]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078461-0005-0000", "contents": "1960 Summer Olympics, Games, Sports\nThe 1960 Summer Olympics featured 17 different sports encompassing 23 disciplines, and medals were awarded in 150 events. In the list below, the number of events in each discipline is noted in parentheses.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [22, 35], "content_span": [36, 241]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078461-0006-0000", "contents": "1960 Summer Olympics, Games, Medal count\nThese are the top ten nations that won medals at the 1960 Games:", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [22, 40], "content_span": [41, 105]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078462-0000-0000", "contents": "1960 Summer Olympics medal table\nThe 1960 Summer Olympics medal table is a list of National Olympic Committees ranked by the number of medals won during the 1960 Summer Olympics, held in Rome, Italy from August 25 to September 11, 1960.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [32, 32], "content_span": [33, 236]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078462-0001-0000", "contents": "1960 Summer Olympics medal table\nA total of 5,338 athletes from 83 countries participated in these Games, competing in 150 events in 17 sports.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [32, 32], "content_span": [33, 143]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078462-0002-0000", "contents": "1960 Summer Olympics medal table\nAthletes from 44 countries won at least one medal, leaving 39 countries in blank in the medal table. The Soviet Union won the most gold (43) and overall medals (103). British West Indies, Republic of China, Ethiopia, Ghana, Iraq, Morocco, and Singapore  won the first medals in their Olympic history.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [32, 32], "content_span": [33, 333]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078462-0003-0000", "contents": "1960 Summer Olympics medal table, Medal table\nThe ranking in this table is based on information provided by the International Olympic Committee, although that organization does not officially recognize global ranking per country.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 45], "content_span": [46, 229]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078462-0004-0000", "contents": "1960 Summer Olympics medal table, Medal table\nThe countries are ranked by the number of gold medals won by the athletes of that country. If countries are tied, first the number of silver medals is taken into consideration and then the number of bronze medals. If, after the above, countries are still tied, equal ranking is given and they are listed alphabetically.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 45], "content_span": [46, 365]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078462-0005-0000", "contents": "1960 Summer Olympics medal table, Medal table\nA total of 150 events in 17 sports were awarded in Rome. In gymnastics, two extra gold medals were awarded in the men's pommel horse and long horse vault events because of ties and one additional bronze medal was awarded in the Rings event. Because of this, two fewer silver medals were awarded, though an extra silver was awarded in the women's high jump. In the boxing events, two bronze medals were awarded in each weight class, so the total number of bronze medals is greater than the total number of gold and silver medals.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 45], "content_span": [46, 574]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078463-0000-0000", "contents": "1960 Summer Paralympics\nThe 9th Annual International Stoke Mandeville Games, retroactively designated as the 1960 Summer Paralympics (Italian: Giochi paralimpici estivi del 1960), were the first international Paralympic Games, following on from the Stoke Mandeville Games of 1948 and 1952. They were organised under the aegis of the International Stoke Mandeville Games Federation. The term \"Paralympic Games\" was approved by the International Olympic Committee (IOC) first in 1984, while the International Paralympic Committee (IPC) was formed in 1989.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [23, 23], "content_span": [24, 553]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078463-0001-0000", "contents": "1960 Summer Paralympics\nThe Games were held in Rome, Italy from September 18 to 25, 1960, with the 1960 Summer Olympics. The only disability included in these Paralympics was spinal cord injury. There were 400 athletes from 23 countries.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [23, 23], "content_span": [24, 237]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078463-0002-0000", "contents": "1960 Summer Paralympics, Medal table\nThe top 10 NPCs by number of gold medals are listed below. The host nation, Italy, is highlighted.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 36], "content_span": [37, 135]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078463-0003-0000", "contents": "1960 Summer Paralympics, Participating delegations\nThe number in parentheses indicates the number of participants from each NPC. A few NPC are missing to this list, as the IPC reports 23 delegations and about 400 participants (but only list those with medalists, reconstructing the history from collected archives from various external sources, including photos and videos).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 50], "content_span": [51, 374]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078464-0000-0000", "contents": "1960 Summer Paralympics medal table\nThe 1960 Summer Paralympics medal table is a list of National Paralympic Committees (NPCs) ranked by the number of gold medals won by their athletes during the 1960 Summer Paralympics (the inaugural Paralympic Games), held in Rome, Italy, from September 18 to 25, 1960.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [35, 35], "content_span": [36, 305]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078464-0001-0000", "contents": "1960 Summer Paralympics medal table\nDue to there being no more than three competitors per event, every participant was guaranteed a medal upon successful completion of his or her event.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [35, 35], "content_span": [36, 185]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078464-0002-0000", "contents": "1960 Summer Paralympics medal table, Medal table\nThe ranking in this table is based on information provided by the International Paralympic Committee (IPC) and is consistent with IPC convention in its published medal tables. By default, the table is ordered by the number of gold medals the athletes from a nation have won (in this context, a \"nation\" is an entity represented by a National Paralympic Committee). The number of silver medals is taken into consideration next and then the number of bronze medals. If nations are still tied, equal ranking is given and they are listed alphabetically by IPC country code.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 48], "content_span": [49, 618]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078464-0003-0000", "contents": "1960 Summer Paralympics medal table, Medal table\nTo sort this table by nation, total medal count, or any other column, click on the  icon next to the column title.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 48], "content_span": [49, 163]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078465-0000-0000", "contents": "1960 Sun Bowl\nThe 1960 Sun Bowl featured the New Mexico State Aggies and the Utah State Aggies. This was the 27th Sun Bowl (26th held between college teams), and was played at Kidd Field in El Paso, Texas.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 13], "section_span": [13, 13], "content_span": [14, 205]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078465-0001-0000", "contents": "1960 Sun Bowl, Background\nThis was the year to shine for teams named Aggies. New Mexico State had a 14-game winning streak and were ranked in the AP Poll for the first time ever while also being champions of the BIAA once again. This was their third Sun Bowl as they looked to be the first team to win consecutive Sun Bowls since the Texas Western Miners did it in 1954 and 1955. One notable player for New Mexico State was Bob Gaiters, who had 197 carries for 1,338 yards and 23 touchdowns, a record for New Mexico State that still stands today. Quarterback Charley Johnson was no slouch, either. He threw 109-of-199 for 1,511 yards, with 13 touchdowns and 6 interceptions.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 13], "section_span": [15, 25], "content_span": [26, 674]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078465-0002-0000", "contents": "1960 Sun Bowl, Background\nThe Utah State Aggies were co-champions of the Skyline Conference with Wyoming. Utah State won their first nine games of the season, beating opponents such as conference opponents New Mexico, Colorado State, BYU, and Wyoming. For two weeks, they were even ranked (#18 and #19, from 10/31 to 11/7). In their final game of the year, they were shut out 6-0 by Utah, but they were still champion of the conference. This was their first conference championship since winning the Big Seven Conference title in 1946. This was their first bowl game since 1947.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 13], "section_span": [15, 25], "content_span": [26, 578]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078465-0003-0000", "contents": "1960 Sun Bowl, Game summary\nCharley Johnson won his second MVP by throwing two touchdowns for New Mexico State, who had trailed at halftime 13\u20137 due to Tom Larscheid and Dolph Camilli both having touchdown runs for Utah State. But Bob Gaiters had a touchdown run and Johnson threw his second touchdown pass as Utah State's Doug Mayberry was stopped short on fourth down late in the game, sealing the win for New Mexico State for their first (and so far only) perfect season. Johnson threw 18-of-26 for 190 yards and two touchdowns in an MVP effort.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 13], "section_span": [15, 27], "content_span": [28, 548]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078465-0004-0000", "contents": "1960 Sun Bowl, Aftermath\nNew Mexico State did not reach another bowl game for 57 years, which was the longest period of any FBS team without a bowl appearance. New Mexico State went 35\u201323\u20132 during the rest of Woodson's tenure before he was fired in 1967. Since then, the Aggies have won only the Missouri Valley Conference championship in 1976 and 1978. Gaiters and Johnson were named to the Sun Bowl Association 75th Anniversary Team in 2008. On February 14th, 2009 (Valentine's Day), the 1960 football team was inducted into the First Community Bank/NMSU Athletics Hall of Fame. In 2017, the Aggies were invited to the Arizona Bowl. Their opponent for the game is Utah State.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 13], "section_span": [15, 24], "content_span": [25, 677]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078465-0005-0000", "contents": "1960 Sun Bowl, Aftermath\nUtah State went to the Gotham Bowl the following year. It took them 32 years to reach another bowl game.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 13], "section_span": [15, 24], "content_span": [25, 129]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078466-0000-0000", "contents": "1960 Swedish football Division 2\nStatistics of Swedish football Division 2 for the 1960 season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [32, 32], "content_span": [33, 95]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078467-0000-0000", "contents": "1960 Swedish football Division 3\nStatistics of Swedish football Division 3 for the 1960 season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [32, 32], "content_span": [33, 95]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078468-0000-0000", "contents": "1960 Swedish general election\nGeneral elections were held in Sweden on 18 September 1960. The Swedish Social Democratic Party remained the largest party, winning 114 of the 232 seats in the Second Chamber of the Riksdag.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [29, 29], "content_span": [30, 220]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078469-0000-0000", "contents": "1960 Swiss referendums\nTwo referendums were held in Switzerland in 1960. The first was held on 29 May on continuing with temporary price controls, and was approved by 77% of voters. The second was held on 4 December on economic and financial measures for the dairy farming industry, and was also approved by voters.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [22, 22], "content_span": [23, 315]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078470-0000-0000", "contents": "1960 Syracuse Orangemen football team\nThe 1960 Syracuse Orangemen football team represented Syracuse University in the 1960 NCAA University Division football season. The Orangemen were led by 12th-year head coach Ben Schwartzwalder and played their home games at Archbold Stadium in Syracuse, New York. Syracuse finished the regular season with a record of 7\u20132 and ranked 19th in the AP Poll. The university administration ruled against accepting a bowl invite saying that the \"season was long enough\". They were not invited to a bowl game.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [37, 37], "content_span": [38, 540]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078470-0001-0000", "contents": "1960 Syracuse Orangemen football team\nJunior halfback Ernie Davis continued to garner national attention, earning consensus All-American honors while rushing for 877 yards and 8 touchdowns.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [37, 37], "content_span": [38, 189]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078471-0000-0000", "contents": "1960 S\u00e3o Paulo FC season\nThe 1960 football season was S\u00e3o Paulo's 31st season since club's existence.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [24, 24], "content_span": [25, 101]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078472-0000-0000", "contents": "1960 TANFL season\nThe 1960 Tasmanian Australian National Football League (TANFL) premiership season was an Australian Rules football competition staged in Hobart, Tasmania over eighteen (18) roster rounds and four (4) finals series matches between 9 April and 17 September 1960.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [17, 17], "content_span": [18, 278]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078472-0001-0000", "contents": "1960 TANFL season, Participating Clubs, TANFL Under-19's Grand Final\nNote: Macalburn were affiliated to Hobart, Buckingham were affiliated to Glenorchy.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 68], "content_span": [69, 152]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078472-0002-0000", "contents": "1960 TANFL season, Participating Clubs, State Preliminary Final\nNote: Burnie (NWFU guernseys) and Hobart (TANFL guernseys) wore alternate strips due to a guernsey clash.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 63], "content_span": [64, 169]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078472-0003-0000", "contents": "1960 TANFL season, 1960 TANFL Ladder, Round 1\n(Saturday, 9 April. Saturday, 16 April & Monday, 18 April 1960)", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 45], "content_span": [46, 109]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078472-0004-0000", "contents": "1960 TANFL season, 1960 TANFL Ladder, Round 2\nNote: This round was postponed by one week due to flooding in Southern Tasmania.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 45], "content_span": [46, 126]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078472-0005-0000", "contents": "1960 TANFL season, 1960 TANFL Ladder, Grand Final\nSource: All scores and statistics courtesy of the Hobart Mercury and Saturday Evening Mercury (SEM) publications.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 49], "content_span": [50, 163]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078473-0000-0000", "contents": "1960 TCU Horned Frogs football team\nThe 1960 TCU Horned Frogs football team represented Texas Christian University (TCU) in the 1960 NCAA University Division football season. The Horned Frogs finished the season 4\u20134\u20132 overall and 3\u20133\u20131 in the Southwest Conference. The team was coached by Abe Martin in his eighth year as head coach. The Frogs played their home games in Amon G. Carter Stadium, which is located on campus in Fort Worth, Texas.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [35, 35], "content_span": [36, 443]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078474-0000-0000", "contents": "1960 Taiwanese presidential election\nIndirect elections were held for the presidency and vice-presidency of the government of the Republic of China on Taiwan on March 21, 1960. The vote took place at the Chung-Shan Hall in Taipei. Incumbent President Chiang Kai-shek and Vice-President Chen Cheng was re-elected.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [36, 36], "content_span": [37, 312]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078474-0001-0000", "contents": "1960 Taiwanese presidential election\nBefore the election, the National Assembly amended the Temporary Provisions against the Communist Rebellion which allowed the President and Vice-President to seek for third term, which superseded the Article 47 of the Constitution of the Republic of China, in order to make way for Chiang to be re-elected. As a result, Chiang received 1,481 votes of the 1,576 National Assembly members, while his running mate Chen Cheng was re-elected with 1,381 votes. The term began on May 20, 1960.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [36, 36], "content_span": [37, 523]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078474-0002-0000", "contents": "1960 Taiwanese presidential election, Electors\nThe election was conducted by the National Assembly in its meeting place Chung-Shan Hall in Taipei. According to the Temporary Provisions against the Communist Rebellion, the term of the delegates who were elected during the 1947 Chinese National Assembly election was extended indefinitely until \"re-election is possible in their original electoral district\". In total, there were 1,521 delegates reported to the secretariat to attend this third session of the first National Assembly.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [38, 46], "content_span": [47, 533]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078475-0000-0000", "contents": "1960 Tampa Spartans football team\nThe 1960 Tampa Spartans football team represented the University of Tampa in the 1960 NCAA College Division football season. It was the Spartans' 24th season. The team was led by head coach Marcelino Huerta, in his ninth year, and played their home games at Phillips Field in Tampa, Florida. They finished with a record of two wins, seven losses and one tie (2\u20137\u20131).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [33, 33], "content_span": [34, 400]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078475-0001-0000", "contents": "1960 Tampa Spartans football team\nAfter they opened the season at home with a 7\u20137 tie against Furman, the Spartans lost on the road at Western Carolina and Tennessee. After the Spartans won the first game of the season over Elon, they lost to both McNeese State and Southeastern Louisiana before they defeated Troy State on homecoming for their second win of the season. The Spartans then closed their season with three consecutive losses against McMurry and Alabama on the road and at home against Appalachian State.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [33, 33], "content_span": [34, 517]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078476-0000-0000", "contents": "1960 Tanganyikan general election\nGeneral elections were held in Tanganyika on 30 August 1960, following the agreement of the United Kingdom to establish internal self-government for the territory. The Tanganyika African National Union won 70 of the 71 elected seats, whilst the other went to a TANU member who had stood against the official TANU candidate, and immediately joined TANU faction after being elected.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [33, 33], "content_span": [34, 414]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078478-0000-0000", "contents": "1960 Tangerine Bowl (December)\nThe 1960 Tangerine Bowl (December) was an American college football bowl game played following the 1960 season, on December 30, at the Tangerine Bowl stadium in Orlando, Florida. The Citadel Bulldogs of the Southern Conference defeated the Tennessee Tech Golden Eagles of the Ohio Valley Conference by a score of 27\u20130. It was the second of two Tangerine Bowls played in calendar year 1960.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [30, 30], "content_span": [31, 420]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078478-0001-0000", "contents": "1960 Tangerine Bowl (December)\nHeading into the game, The Citadel finished their regular season slate with a 7\u20132\u20131 record, finishing second in the Southern Conference behind VMI. This has been the only bowl appearance for The Citadel.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [30, 30], "content_span": [31, 234]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078478-0002-0000", "contents": "1960 Tangerine Bowl (December)\nTennessee Tech entered with an 8\u20132 record. They were Ohio Valley Conference champions after having finished 6\u20130 in conference play. They have appeared in only one bowl game since; the 1972 Grantland Rice Bowl, which they also lost.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [30, 30], "content_span": [31, 262]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078479-0000-0000", "contents": "1960 Tangerine Bowl (January)\nThe 1960 Tangerine Bowl (January) was an American college football bowl game played on January 1, 1960, at the Tangerine Bowl stadium in Orlando, Florida. The Middle Tennessee Blue Raiders defeated the Presbyterian Blue Hose by a score of 21\u201312. It was the first of two Tangerine Bowls played in calendar year 1960.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [29, 29], "content_span": [30, 345]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078480-0000-0000", "contents": "1960 Targa Florio\nThe 44\u00b0 Targa Florio took place on 8 May 1960, on the Circuito Piccolo delle Madonie, (Sicily, Italy). It was the third round of the F.I.A. World Sports Car Championship.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [17, 17], "content_span": [18, 188]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078480-0001-0000", "contents": "1960 Targa Florio, Report, Entry\nThe event attracted more cars than in previous seasons, with 78 racing cars were registered for this event, instead of the 58 in 1959, of which 77 arrived for practice. Only these, 69 qualified for, and started the race.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 32], "content_span": [33, 253]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078480-0002-0000", "contents": "1960 Targa Florio, Report, Entry\nReigning World Champions, Ferrari had entered three of their latest 250 TR 60 and Dino 246 S for their squad of drivers; Phil Hill, Wolfgang von Trips, Richie Ginther, Willy Mairesse, Ludovico Scarfiotti and Cliff Allison.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 32], "content_span": [33, 255]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078480-0002-0001", "contents": "1960 Targa Florio, Report, Entry\nAs Aston Martin elected to miss the championship in concentrate on Formula One, there was no other factory entrants in the S3.0 class, therefore their main opposition would come from the works Porsches of Jo Bonnier, Hans Herrmann, Edgar Barth, Graham Hill and Olivier Gendebien, despite these were smaller engined cars and less powerful, the marque was victorious twelve months earlier and in the last round, 12 Hours of Sebring.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 32], "content_span": [33, 463]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078480-0003-0000", "contents": "1960 Targa Florio, Report, Race\nEven before the race started, Ferrari had a frightening accident where Allisons\u2019s 250 TR suffered a blown tyre, and was withdrawn from the event.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 31], "content_span": [32, 177]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078480-0004-0000", "contents": "1960 Targa Florio, Report, Race\nAt the start, the remaining three Scuderia Ferrari\u2019s in the Sport category were the favourites. The cars of the Rodr\u00edguez brothers and that of Hill and von Trips, who were supposed to attack. Once von Trips has moved into the lead, it was decided they should continue to race flat-out, and not back off, to try and maintenance their advantage. In the fight for the victory, the Porsche of Bonnier/Herrmann moved ahead of the Ferraris, however it was the all Italian crew of Umberto Maglioli and Nino Vaccarella in their Maserati Tipo 61 who were on a charge.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 31], "content_span": [32, 590]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078480-0004-0001", "contents": "1960 Targa Florio, Report, Race\nOn lap five, Maglioli passed Hermann, only to ceded the leadership to Palermo-born Vaccarella who betrayed his audience: everyone looked at him with his breath a bit 'suspended, it did not seem possible; Nino completed the sixth lap slightly increasing the advantage of Hermann; the seventh his Maserati, the number 200, it did make the fastest lap and was passing with a lead over three minutes. On the seventh lap, Maglioli waiting for him to finish the race brilliantly, but did not reach Vaccarella: a stone had punctured the fuel tank.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 31], "content_span": [32, 572]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078480-0005-0000", "contents": "1960 Targa Florio, Report, Race\nThe Porsche of Bonnier/Herrmann inherited the lead, to record their second straight win in Sicily, and their second consecutive win in the World Sportscar Champions. They took the victory, with their 718 RS 60 completing 10 laps, covering 447.388 miles in just over 7\u00bd hours of racing, averaging a speed of 59.239\u00a0mph. Second place went to the works Ferrari of von Trips and Hill in a Dino 246 S, albeit over 6 mins adrift. The podium was complete by another works Porsche, of Olivier Gendebien and Herrmann who were further 2\u00bd mins behind.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 31], "content_span": [32, 572]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078480-0006-0000", "contents": "1960 Targa Florio, Standings after the race\nChampionship points were awarded for the first six places in each race in the order of 8-6-4-3-2-1. Manufacturers were only awarded points for their highest finishing car with no points awarded for positions filled by additional cars. Only the best 3 results out of the 5 races could be retained by each manufacturer. Points earned but not counted towards the championship totals are listed within brackets in the above table.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 43], "content_span": [44, 470]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078481-0000-0000", "contents": "1960 Ta\u00e7a de Portugal Final\nThe 1960 Ta\u00e7a de Portugal Final was the final match of the 1959\u201360 Ta\u00e7a de Portugal, the 20th season of the Ta\u00e7a de Portugal, the premier Portuguese football cup competition organized by the Portuguese Football Federation (FPF). The match was played on 3 July 1960 at the Est\u00e1dio Nacional in Oeiras, and opposed two Primeira Liga sides: Belenenses and Sporting CP. Belenenses defeated Sporting CP 2\u20131 to claim the Ta\u00e7a de Portugal for a second time.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 27], "section_span": [27, 27], "content_span": [28, 477]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078482-0000-0000", "contents": "1960 Temora state by-election\nA by-election was held for the New South Wales Legislative Assembly seat of Temora on Saturday 8 October 1960 and was triggered by the death of Doug Dickson (Country), who had been Deputy Leader of the party until 1958.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [29, 29], "content_span": [30, 249]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078482-0001-0000", "contents": "1960 Temora state by-election\nThe Kurri Kurri by-election was held on the same day.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [29, 29], "content_span": [30, 83]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078483-0000-0000", "contents": "1960 Temple Owls football team\nThe 1960 Temple Owls football team was an American football team that represented Temple University as a member of the Middle Atlantic Conference (MAC) during the 1960 NCAA College Division football season. In its first season under head coach George Makris, the team compiled a 2\u20137 record (0\u20135 against MAC opponents) and finished seventh out of eight teams in the MAC's University Division. The team played its home games at Temple Stadium in Philadelphia.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [30, 30], "content_span": [31, 488]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078483-0001-0000", "contents": "1960 Temple Owls football team\nJoe Nejman, Lou Paludi, and Wally Porter were assistant coaches.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [30, 30], "content_span": [31, 95]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078484-0000-0000", "contents": "1960 Tennessee Volunteers football team\nThe 1960 Tennessee Volunteers (variously \"Tennessee\", \"UT\" or the \"Vols\") represented the University of Tennessee in the 1960 NCAA University Division football season. Playing as a member of the Southeastern Conference (SEC), the team was led by head coach Bowden Wyatt, in his sixth year, and played their home games at Shields\u2013Watkins Field in Knoxville, Tennessee. They finished the season with a record of six wins, two losses and two ties (6\u20132\u20132 overall, 3\u20132\u20132 in the SEC).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [39, 39], "content_span": [40, 518]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078485-0000-0000", "contents": "1960 Texas A&M Aggies football team\nThe 1960 Texas A&M Aggies football team represented Texas A&M University in the 1960 NCAA University Division football season as a member of the Southwest Conference (SWC). The Aggies were led by head coach Jim Myers in his third season and finished with a record of one win, six losses and three ties (1\u20136\u20133 overall, 0\u20134\u20133 in the SWC).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [35, 35], "content_span": [36, 372]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078486-0000-0000", "contents": "1960 Texas Longhorns football team\nThe 1960 Texas Longhorns football team represented the University of Texas at Austin during the 1960 NCAA University Division football season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [34, 34], "content_span": [35, 177]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078487-0000-0000", "contents": "1960 Texas Tech Red Raiders football team\nThe 1960 Texas Tech Red Raiders football team represented Texas Tech University in the Southwest Conference during the 1960 NCAA University Division football season. In their tenth and final season under head coach DeWitt Weaver, the Red Raiders compiled a 3\u20136\u20131 record (1\u20135\u20131 against conference opponents), finished in sixth place in the conference, and were outscored by opponents by a combined total of 182 to 148. The team's statistical leaders included Glenn Amerson with 464 passing yards, Coolidge Hunt with 527 rushing yards, and Bake Turner with 173 receiving yards. The team played its home games at Clifford B. and Audrey Jones Stadium.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 41], "section_span": [41, 41], "content_span": [42, 689]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078488-0000-0000", "contents": "1960 Texas Western Miners football team\nThe 1960 Texas Western Miners football team was an American football team that represented Texas Western College (now known as University of Texas at El Paso) as a member of the Border Conference during the 1960 NCAA University Division football season. In its fourth season under head coach Ben Collins, the team compiled a 4\u20135\u20131 record (2\u20133 against Border Conference opponents), finished fourth in the conference, and was outscored by a total of 176 to 167.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [39, 39], "content_span": [40, 499]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078489-0000-0000", "contents": "1960 Texas gubernatorial election\nThe 1960 Texas gubernatorial election was held on November 8, 1960, to elect the Governor of Texas. Incumbent Democratic Governor Price Daniel was easily reelected to a third term, winning 73% of the vote to Republican William Steger's 27%.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [33, 33], "content_span": [34, 274]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078490-0000-0000", "contents": "1960 Texas tropical storm\nThe 1960 Texas tropical storm brought severe but localized flooding to southeastern Texas in June\u00a01960. The first tropical cyclone and first tropical storm of the 1960 Atlantic hurricane season, this system developed from an area of showers and thunderstorms in the Bay of Campeche on June\u00a022. Initially a  tropical depression, it strengthened and was estimated to have reached tropical storm status on June\u00a023. Early on the following day, the storm peaked with winds of 60\u00a0mph (95\u00a0km/h). Later that day, it made landfall near Corpus Christi, Texas, at the same intensity. The storm weakened slowly and moved across the Central United States, before dissipating over Illinois on June\u00a028.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [25, 25], "content_span": [26, 713]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078490-0001-0000", "contents": "1960 Texas tropical storm\nIn Texas, the storm dropped up to 29.76 inches (756\u00a0mm) of precipitation in Port Lavaca. Thus considerable flooding occurred in some areas of south and eastern Texas. Throughout the state, more than 150\u00a0houses sustained flood damage in several counties. In addition, numerous major highways were closed, including portions of U.S. Routes 59, 87, 90, and then-185, and Texas State Highways 35 and 71. In Arkansas, a few buildings in Hot Springs were damaged from high winds. Flooding in that state resulted in three deaths from drowning.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [25, 25], "content_span": [26, 562]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078490-0001-0001", "contents": "1960 Texas tropical storm\nLight to moderate rainfall was recorded in at least 11\u00a0other states, though damage was minimal. The storm was the rainiest tropical cyclone on record in the state of Kentucky, dropping 11.25 inches (286\u00a0mm) in Dunmor. Overall, 18\u00a0fatalities were attributed to the storm and $3.6\u00a0million (1960\u00a0USD) in damage was reported.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [25, 25], "content_span": [26, 347]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078490-0002-0000", "contents": "1960 Texas tropical storm, Meteorological history\nIn late June\u00a01960, a large mass of deep convection developed in the Gulf of Mexico. A reconnaissance flight into the system on June\u00a022 did not indicate a closed circulation. However, weather stations in Mexico reported a circulation and thus, it is estimated that the first tropical depression of the season developed at 0600\u00a0UTC on June\u00a022. Early on June\u00a023, barometric pressures in from Tampico, Tamaulipas to Brownsville, Texas had significantly decreased, which indicated that the tropical cyclone was moving generally northward. Shortly thereafter, another reconnaissance flight into the depression indicated winds of only 20\u00a0mph (30\u00a0km/h) and a barometric pressure of 1,006\u00a0mbar (29.7\u00a0inHg). However, the plane may not have flown under the most intense convection.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [27, 49], "content_span": [50, 820]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078490-0003-0000", "contents": "1960 Texas tropical storm, Meteorological history\nThe depression gradually strengthened, and by 0600\u00a0UTC on June\u00a023, it reached tropical storm status. Over Texas, airborne radars and the Dow Chemical Company radar in Freeport indicated curved convective banding associated with the storm. Though no wall cloud was reported, the Kelly Air Force Base reported a cloud center. The storm continued to intensify, peaking with winds of 60\u00a0mph (95\u00a0km/h) by 0000\u00a0UTC on June\u00a024. At 0400\u00a0UTC that day, the tropical storm made landfall near Corpus Christi, Texas. After moving inland, the storm quickly weakened back to a tropical depression. Over the following 24\u00a0hours, the depression executed a small cyclonic loop over southern Texas. On June\u00a026, the depression accelerated to the north-northeast, and eventually dissipated over northern Illinois on June\u00a029 at 0000\u00a0UTC.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [27, 49], "content_span": [50, 864]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078490-0004-0000", "contents": "1960 Texas tropical storm, Impact, Texas\nSome towns in Texas considered it the worst disaster since a hurricane in 1945. In Copano Bay, waves produced by the storm damaged three fishing piers; a shrimp boat also capsized, killing three people. In addition, another ship was beached. However, the tides measured were only 3.5 feet (1.1\u00a0m) above mean water levels. In Rockport, sustained winds reached 40\u00a0mph (65\u00a0km/h) and gusts were up to 60\u00a0mph (95\u00a0km/h). Padre Island Park also reported tropical storm force winds, with sustained winds of 50\u00a0mph (80\u00a0km/h) and gusts reaching 60\u00a0mph (95\u00a0km/h).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [27, 40], "content_span": [41, 593]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078490-0005-0000", "contents": "1960 Texas tropical storm, Impact, Texas\nHeavy rainfall was reported, peaking at 29.76 inches (756\u00a0mm) in Port Lavaca. As a result, water 6 to 12 inches (150 to 300\u00a0mm) was reported in several homes and businesses in Port Lavaca. Two boys drowned in Port Lavaca after being swept by flood waters into the city harbor. Over 19 inches (480\u00a0mm) fell in Bay City. It was reported by the Bay City Tribune that all of Matagorda County was \"under water\". Due to large amounts of precipitation, portions of U.S. Routes 59, 87, 90, and then-185, and Texas State Highways 35 and 71.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [27, 40], "content_span": [41, 572]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078490-0005-0001", "contents": "1960 Texas tropical storm, Impact, Texas\nRainfall totals in the Houston area peaked at more than 17 inches (430\u00a0mm). At the height of the storm, about one-fourth of the streets in Houston were flooded. Three subdivisions of the city were significantly affected by flooding: Alameda Plaza, Pleasantville, and Sunnyside. Many shingles were blown off the roof of a house, and then water caused the roof to collapse into the dining room and living room. However, no one was injured or killed. Several hundred people were evacuated from places with poor drainage or low-lying areas. Between 150 and 200\u00a0houses were affected by flooding and damaged estimates reached $1.5\u00a0million in Harris County alone. In addition, three people drowned in the flood waters in Houston.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [27, 40], "content_span": [41, 763]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078490-0006-0000", "contents": "1960 Texas tropical storm, Impact, Texas\nFollowing the storm, the town of Port Lavaca requested aid from the United States Navy and Fourth United States Army. Later, cots and blankets were sent by helicopters and trucks. Three schools were opened as shelters for flood refugees in Port Lavaca. The Texas Department of State Health Services sent water and sanitation teams to the areas affected by the storm, as well as 3,000\u00a0shots of typhoid vaccine. In addition, Calhoun County was declared a disaster area. Overall, the storm caused $3.6\u00a0million and 15\u00a0fatalities in the state of Texas.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [27, 40], "content_span": [41, 588]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078490-0007-0000", "contents": "1960 Texas tropical storm, Impact, Elsewhere\nElsewhere along the Gulf Coast of the United States, light to moderate rainfall was reported in the states of Mississippi and Louisiana. In both states, affects were minimal, and rainfall was generally less than 5 inches (130\u00a0mm). To the north of Texas in the state of Oklahoma, precipitation was also light, peaking at 4.34 inches (110\u00a0mm) in Kiamichi. The storm brought moderate to heavy rainfall throughout Arkansas. Much of the state reported at least 3 inches (76\u00a0mm), while precipitation in some areas was more than 10 inches (250\u00a0mm). The Ouachita River reached flood stage at Arkadelphia. Three children drowned near Redfield after the car they were occupying was swept off U.S. Route 65 and fell into a ditch. Near Hot Springs, high winds damaged a few buildings. In Tennessee, much of the state reported precipitation, though it was generally no more than 5 inches (130\u00a0mm).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [27, 44], "content_span": [45, 929]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078490-0008-0000", "contents": "1960 Texas tropical storm, Impact, Elsewhere\nHeavy rainfall was reported in Kentucky, peaking at 11.25 inches (286\u00a0mm) in Dunmor, making it the wettest tropical cyclone in the history of that state. Light precipitation was reported in Illinois, Indiana, and Missouri; none of those states experienced more than 4 inches (100\u00a0mm) of rain. The storm dropped rainfall was far north as Michigan and Wisconsin. In those two states, precipitation was generally light, and did not exceed 3 inches (76\u00a0mm). Rainfall totals reached 2.83 inches (72\u00a0mm) and 2.28 inches (58\u00a0mm) in Wisconsin and Michigan, respectively.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [27, 44], "content_span": [45, 607]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078491-0000-0000", "contents": "1960 The Citadel Bulldogs football team\nThe 1960 The Citadel Bulldogs football team represented The Citadel, The Military College of South Carolina in the 1960 NCAA football season. The Bulldogs were led by fourth-year head coach Eddie Teague and played their home games at Johnson Hagood Stadium. They played as members of the Southern Conference, as they have since 1936. In 1960, The Citadel won in its first and only bowl appearance in the Tangerine Bowl.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [39, 39], "content_span": [40, 459]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078492-0000-0000", "contents": "1960 Tibetan Parliament in Exile election\nThe first election for the then named Tibetan Assembly was held on September 2, 1960, as part of a process of democratization of the Tibetan community encourage by the Dalai Lama. The election for Parliament was announced by the Dalai Lama in a trip to Bodh Gaya on January of the same year. This was the first time in history that Tibetans could elect their political leaders and September 2 is currently celebrate among the Tibetan diaspora as \u201cDemocracy Day\u201d. One of the first decisions of the Assembly was to abolish all hereditary titles and functions of the old aristocracy, Buddhist hierarchy and tribal leaders declaring the equality of all Tibetans. Since that, other 15 assemblies have been elected.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 41], "section_span": [41, 41], "content_span": [42, 751]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078493-0000-0000", "contents": "1960 Tipperary Senior Hurling Championship\nThe 1960 Tipperary Senior Hurling Championship was the 70th staging of the Tipperary Senior Hurling Championship since its establishment by the Tipperary County Board in 1887.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 42], "section_span": [42, 42], "content_span": [43, 218]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078493-0001-0000", "contents": "1960 Tipperary Senior Hurling Championship\nOn 16 October 1960, Toomevara won the championship after a 3-15 to 2-08 defeat of Thurles Sarsfields in the final. It was their 10th championship title overall and their first title since 1931.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 42], "section_span": [42, 42], "content_span": [43, 236]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078494-0000-0000", "contents": "1960 Titleholders Championship\nThe 1960 Titleholders Championship was the 21st Titleholders Championship, held March 10\u201314 at Augusta Country Club in Augusta, Georgia. Fay Crocker, age 45, led all four rounds and won the second of her two major titles, seven strokes ahead of runner-up Kathy Cornelius, with Mickey Wright a stroke back in third place.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [30, 30], "content_span": [31, 351]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078494-0001-0000", "contents": "1960 Titleholders Championship\nIt was the largest margin of victory at the Titleholders in a decade, since Babe Zaharias won by eight strokes in 1950.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [30, 30], "content_span": [31, 150]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078494-0002-0000", "contents": "1960 Titleholders Championship\nA snowstorm on Friday postponed the second round until Saturday, and the final two rounds were played on Sunday and Monday.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [30, 30], "content_span": [31, 154]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078495-0000-0000", "contents": "1960 Tiverton by-election\nThe Tiverton by-election, 1960 was a parliamentary by-election for the British House of Commons constituency of Tiverton on 16 November 1960.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [25, 25], "content_span": [26, 167]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078495-0001-0000", "contents": "1960 Tiverton by-election, Vacancy\nThe by-election was caused by the elevation of the sitting Conservative MP, Rt Hon. Derick Heathcoat-Amory to the House of Lords on 1 September 1960. He had been MP here since holding the seat in 1945.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [27, 34], "content_span": [35, 236]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078495-0002-0000", "contents": "1960 Tiverton by-election, Election history\nTiverton had been won by the Conservatives at every election since 1924 when they gained the seat from the Liberals. The result at the last General Election was as follows;", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [27, 43], "content_span": [44, 216]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078495-0003-0000", "contents": "1960 Tiverton by-election, Candidates\nThe Conservatives selected 29-year-old Robin Maxwell-Hyslop. He contested the Derby North constituency at the 1959 general election. He was Personal Assistant to the director and general manager of the aero engine division of Rolls-Royce from 1954 to 1960. Labour selected a new candidate in 35-year-old Raymond Dobson. At the last General election he was Labour candidate for Torrington. The Liberals re-selected 42-year-old James Collier who contested the constituency in 1959. He was a local farmer, his family had farmed in the parish of Culmstock since 1600.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [27, 37], "content_span": [38, 601]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078495-0004-0000", "contents": "1960 Tiverton by-election, Aftermath\nMaxwell-Hyslop and Collier faced each other again at the following General Election while Dobson moved to contest Bristol North East, where he came second. The result at the 1964 general election;", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [27, 36], "content_span": [37, 233]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078495-0005-0000", "contents": "1960 Tiverton by-election, Aftermath\nMaxwell-Hyslop retained the seat until he retired at the 1992 general election.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [27, 36], "content_span": [37, 116]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078496-0000-0000", "contents": "1960 Toledo Rockets football team\nThe 1960 Toledo Rockets football team was an American football team that represented Toledo University in the Mid-American Conference (MAC) during the 1960 NCAA University Division football season. In their first season under head coach Clive Rush, the Rockets compiled a 2\u20137 record (0\u20136 against MAC opponents) and finished in seventh place in the MAC.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [33, 33], "content_span": [34, 386]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078496-0001-0000", "contents": "1960 Toledo Rockets football team\nThe team's statistical leaders included Jerry Stoltz with 277 passing yards, John Murray with 608 rushing yards, and Bob Smith with 268 receiving yards.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [33, 33], "content_span": [34, 186]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078497-0000-0000", "contents": "1960 Torneo di Viareggio\nThe 1960 winners of the Torneo di Viareggio (in English, the Viareggio Tournament, officially the Viareggio Cup World Football Tournament Coppa Carnevale), the annual youth football tournament held in Viareggio, Tuscany, are listed below.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [24, 24], "content_span": [25, 263]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078497-0001-0000", "contents": "1960 Torneo di Viareggio, Format\nThe 16 teams are organized in knockout rounds. The round of 16 are played in two-legs, while the rest of the rounds are single tie.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 32], "content_span": [33, 164]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078498-0000-0000", "contents": "1960 Toronto Argonauts season\nThe 1960 Toronto Argonauts finished in first place in the Eastern Conference with a 10\u20134 record. Their first-place finish earned them a bye to the Eastern Finals. The Argonauts lost both games of the two-game, total point Finals to the eventual Grey Cup champion Ottawa Rough Riders.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [29, 29], "content_span": [30, 313]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078498-0001-0000", "contents": "1960 Toronto Argonauts season, Preseason\nAfter playing (and losing to) the NFL Chicago Cardinals in 1959, the Argonauts hosted the NFL Pittsburgh Steelers at CNE Stadium on August 3 in the second of three interleague games hosted in Torontoand lost 43\u201316. Both teams used 12 players, with a handful of NFL rules (blocking, punt returns) blended into the Canadian game.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 40], "content_span": [41, 368]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078499-0000-0000", "contents": "1960 Toronto municipal election\nMunicipal elections were held in Toronto, Ontario, Canada, on December 5, 1960. Six-year incumbent mayor Nathan Phillips was challenged by former mayor Allan Lamport and Controller Jean Newman. Phillips was returned to office.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [31, 31], "content_span": [32, 258]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078499-0001-0000", "contents": "1960 Toronto municipal election\nThe City of Toronto also held a referendum on whether to remove the Blue Law banning films and concerts on Sunday evenings. The measure passed 94,000 votes to 58,003.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [31, 31], "content_span": [32, 198]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078499-0002-0000", "contents": "1960 Toronto municipal election, Toronto mayor\nPhillips had first been elected to city council in 1926 and was elected mayor in 1954 and was reelected in 1956 and 1958. He faced two prominent challengers in the 1960 race. Former mayor and Board of Control member Allan Lamport and Controller Jean Newman. Each of the three candidates had the endorsement of one of the city's newspapers. The right-wing Toronto Telegram backed Phillips, the centre-right The Globe and Mail backed Newman, and the centre-left Toronto Daily Star backed Lamport. One of the central issues was over the expansion of the Toronto subway system by building the Bloor-Danforth Line. All candidates supported it, but there was debate over how it should be paid for.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 46], "content_span": [47, 738]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078499-0003-0000", "contents": "1960 Toronto municipal election, Plebiscite\nA plebiscite was held on loosening Toronto's blue law to allow cinemas to open on Sundays.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 43], "content_span": [44, 134]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078499-0004-0000", "contents": "1960 Toronto municipal election, Board of Control\nTop spot on the Board of Control, and the associated budget chief position, was contested between two incumbent conservatives Donald Summerville and William Allen with Summerville winning the top spot. Co-operative Commonwealth Federation (CCF) member William Dennison was also reelected to the Board. The position left open by Newman's decision to run for mayor attracted three aldermen with Philip Givens narrowly beating CCF member Herbert Orliffe and Francis Chambers finishing further behind. A month later in January 1961 William Allen won the position of Metro Toronto Chairman and resigned from the board. Orliffe was appointed to replace him.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 49], "content_span": [50, 701]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078499-0005-0000", "contents": "1960 Toronto municipal election, Board of Control\nThe two Controllers with the most votes also sit on Metropolitan Toronto Council.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 49], "content_span": [50, 131]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078499-0006-0000", "contents": "1960 Toronto municipal election, City council\nTwo aldermen were elected per Ward. The alderman with the most votes was declared Senior Alderman and sat on both Toronto City Council and Metro Council.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 45], "content_span": [46, 199]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078499-0007-0000", "contents": "1960 Toronto municipal election, City council\nIn the elections for Toronto City Council, only one incumbent was defeated, May Birchard in Ward 2. In all but one ward where two incumbents were reelected two councillors switched position changing which would also represent the city on the board of Metro Toronto.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 45], "content_span": [46, 311]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078499-0008-0000", "contents": "1960 Toronto municipal election, City council\nResults are taken from the December 6, 1960 Toronto Star and might not exactly match final tallies.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 45], "content_span": [46, 145]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078499-0009-0000", "contents": "1960 Toronto municipal election, Changes\nController William Allen resigned upon being elected Metro Chairman on January 9, 1962. On January 15, 1962Controller William Dennison was appointed Metro Councillor and Herbert Orliffe was appointed Controller", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 40], "content_span": [41, 251]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078499-0010-0000", "contents": "1960 Toronto municipal election, Suburbs, Etobicoke\nSource: \"Waffle Easily Wins Etobicoke\", Toronto Daily Star`` (1900-1971); Toronto, Ontario [Toronto, Ontario]06 Dec 1960: 9", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 51], "content_span": [52, 175]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078499-0011-0000", "contents": "1960 Toronto municipal election, Suburbs, Forest Hill\nSource:  and \"Simonsky Again Forest Hill Reeve\", Toronto Daily Star (1900-1971); Toronto, Ontario [Toronto, Ontario]06 Dec 1960: 9", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 53], "content_span": [54, 184]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078499-0012-0000", "contents": "1960 Toronto municipal election, Suburbs, York\nTaylor defeated Tonks who had been ensnared in a conflict-of-interest scandal. Source:", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 46], "content_span": [47, 133]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078500-0000-0000", "contents": "1960 Tour de France\nThe 1960 Tour de France was the 47th edition of the Tour de France, one of cycling's Grand Tours. It took place between 26 June and 17 July, with 21 stages covering a distance of 4,173\u00a0km (2,593\u00a0mi). The race featured 128 riders, of which 81 finished.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [19, 19], "content_span": [20, 271]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078500-0001-0000", "contents": "1960 Tour de France\nBecause Jacques Anquetil was absent after winning the 1960 Giro d'Italia, Roger Rivi\u00e8re became the main favourite. Halfway the race, Rivi\u00e8re was in second place behind Nencini, and with his specialty the time trial remaining, he was still favourite for the victory. When Rivi\u00e8re had a career-ending crash in the fourteenth stage, this changed, and Nencini won the Tour easily.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [19, 19], "content_span": [20, 396]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078500-0002-0000", "contents": "1960 Tour de France, Teams\nThe 1960 Tour de France was run in the national team format. The four most important cycling nations of the time, Spain, Belgium, France and Italy, each sent a national team with fourteen cyclists. There were also five smaller national teams: a combined Luxembourg/Swiss team, a Dutch team, a West German team, a British team, and a team of Internationals cyclists, all with eight cyclists. Finally, there were five regional teams, also of eight cyclists each. Altogether, 128 cyclists started the race. The West German team, that had been away from the Tour since 1938, was allowed to join again.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [21, 26], "content_span": [27, 624]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078500-0003-0000", "contents": "1960 Tour de France, Pre-race favourites\nJacques Anquetil, the winner of the 1957 Tour de France, had won the 1960 Giro d'Italia earlier that year. Anquetil was tired, and skipped the Tour. This made Roger Rivi\u00e8re the French team leader, and the big favourite for the Tour victory.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [21, 40], "content_span": [41, 281]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078500-0004-0000", "contents": "1960 Tour de France, Route and stages\nThe 1960 Tour de France started on 26 June in Mulhouse, and had one rest day, in Millau. In previous years, the location of the stage finish and the next stage start had always been close together. In 1960, this changed, when cyclists had to take the train to get from Bordeaux to Mont de Marsan after the ninth stage. The highest point of elevation in the race was 2,360\u00a0m (7,740\u00a0ft) at the summit of the Col d'Izoard mountain pass on stage 16.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [21, 37], "content_span": [38, 483]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078500-0005-0000", "contents": "1960 Tour de France, Race overview\nThe first stage was split in two parts. In the first part, a group of fourteen cyclists cleared from the rest, and won with a margin of over two minutes. In the second part, an individual time trial, Roger Rivi\u00e8re won. The lead in the general classification transferred to Nencini, who had been part of the group of fourteen cyclists. Federico Bahamontes, winner of the 1959 Tour, became ill and left the race in the second stage.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [21, 34], "content_span": [35, 465]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078500-0006-0000", "contents": "1960 Tour de France, Race overview\nNencini lost the lead in the third stage to Joseph Groussard. In the fourth stage, a group including Henri Anglade escaped, and Anglade became the new leader. Anglade had already finished in second placed in 1959, and expected to be the team leader now.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [21, 34], "content_span": [35, 288]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078500-0007-0000", "contents": "1960 Tour de France, Race overview\nIn the sixth stage, Rivi\u00e8re attacked. Only Nencini, Hans Junkermann and Jan Adriaensens could follow. Anglade asked his team manager Marcel Bidot to instruct Rivi\u00e8re to stop his attack, because Nencini and Adriaensens were dangerous opponents. Rivi\u00e8re ignored this, and continued. They beat the rest by almost fifteen minutes, and Adriaensens took over the lead in the general classification. After the stage, Anglade said that the French team lost the Tour in that stage. Anglade knew that Rivi\u00e8re would try to stay close to Nencini in the mountains, and warned that Rivi\u00e8re would regret staying close to Nencini downhill.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [21, 34], "content_span": [35, 658]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078500-0008-0000", "contents": "1960 Tour de France, Race overview\nThe first mountains were climbed in the tenth stage. Nencini won time in the descent from the Col d'Aubisque, where Adriaensens could not follow. After the Aubisque, Adriaensens worked together with his teammate Jef Planckaert to win back time, but Nencini was able to stay away from them, and became the new leader, with Rivi\u00e8re in second place, only 32 seconds behind. Nencini gained one minute on Rivi\u00e8re in the eleventh stage, but Rivi\u00e8re knew he had the stronger team. Moreover, Rivi\u00e8re was at that moment the holder of the hour record, and knew he would win back enough time in the time trial in stage 19.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [21, 34], "content_span": [35, 646]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078500-0009-0000", "contents": "1960 Tour de France, Race overview\nIn the fourteenth stage, descending the Col de Perjuret, Rivi\u00e8re followed Nencini, considered one of the best descenders in the  peloton  but misjudged a turn and went off a cliff. Rivi\u00e8re broke his back in the fall, and never raced again.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [21, 34], "content_span": [35, 274]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078500-0010-0000", "contents": "1960 Tour de France, Race overview\nBecause of this, Jan Adriaensens climbed to the second place in the general classification, and he now was the main competitor for Nencini. Adriaensens lost time in the Pyrenees, and the Italians were able to put Graziano Battistini in second place. In the last stages, there was no competition for the overall victory, because it was clear that Nencini's advantage was too large. Therefore, all cyclists put their energy to win the remaining stages. For the points classification, Jean Graczyk had built a large lead, but the mountains classification was only clinched by Imerio Massignan in the final mountain stage.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [21, 34], "content_span": [35, 653]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078500-0011-0000", "contents": "1960 Tour de France, Race overview\nIn the twentieth stage, news came that Charles de Gaulle, the president, would be by the route at Colombey-les-deux-\u00c9glises, where he lived. The organisers, Jacques Goddet and F\u00e9lix L\u00e9vitan asked the French national champion, Henry Anglade, if the riders would be willing to stop. Anglade agreed and the news was spread through the race. One rider, Pierre Beuffeuil had stopped to repair a tyre and knew nothing of the plan, being three minutes behind the race. When he reached Colombey, he found the race halted in front of him. He decided to pass all the waiting cyclists and continued alone, and won the stage alone on the boulevard Jules-Guesde by 49 seconds. \"I voted for de Gaulle\", he said.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [21, 34], "content_span": [35, 732]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078500-0012-0000", "contents": "1960 Tour de France, Classification leadership and minor prizes\nThere were several classifications in the 1960 Tour de France, two of them awarding jerseys to their leaders. The most important was the general classification; it was calculated by adding for each cyclist he times that he required to finish each stage. If a cyclist had received a time bonus, it was subtracted from this total; all time penalties were added to this total. The cyclist with the least accumulated time was the race leader, identified by the yellow jersey.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [21, 63], "content_span": [64, 535]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078500-0013-0000", "contents": "1960 Tour de France, Classification leadership and minor prizes\nThe points classification was calculated differently than in the years before. The top six cyclists of each stage received points; the winner 10 points, down to 1 point for the 6th cyclist. Because only a few cyclists received points, in the first stages of the Tour de lead was shared by up to 5 cyclists. In stage 4, when Jean Graczyk won the stage, he took the leading, having finished second in the stage 2. Graczyk remained leader for the rest of the race. The leader of the points classification was identified by the green jersey.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [21, 63], "content_span": [64, 601]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078500-0014-0000", "contents": "1960 Tour de France, Classification leadership and minor prizes\nThe mountains classification was calculated by adding the points given to cyclists for reaching the highest point in a climb first. There was no jersey associated to this classification in 1960.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [21, 63], "content_span": [64, 258]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078500-0015-0000", "contents": "1960 Tour de France, Classification leadership and minor prizes\nFinally, the team classification was calculated as the sum of the daily team classifications, and the daily team classification was calculated by adding the times in the stage result of the best three cyclists per team. It was won by the French team. For the smaller teams (made of 8 cyclists), a separate classification was made, here the Dutch team won. The Great Britain team and the Internationals did not finish with three cyclists, so were not included in the team classification.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [21, 63], "content_span": [64, 550]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078500-0016-0000", "contents": "1960 Tour de France, Classification leadership and minor prizes\nIn addition, there was a combativity award, in which a jury composed of journalists gave points after each stage to the cyclist they considered most combative. The split stages each had a combined winner. At the conclusion of the Tour, Jean Graczyk won the overall super-combativity award, also decided by journalists. The Souvenir Henri Desgrange was given in honour of Tour founder Henri Desgrange to the first rider to pass the summit of the Col du Lautaret on stage 17. This prize was won by Graczyk.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [21, 63], "content_span": [64, 568]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078500-0017-0000", "contents": "1960 Tour de France, Aftermath\nRivi\u00e8re survived the crash, but his career as a professional cyclist was over. The drug palfium was found in his pockets, and it was thought that it had so numbed Riviere's fingers so that he couldn't feel the brake levers. Nencini had his bouquet of flowers given to Rivi\u00e8re.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [21, 30], "content_span": [31, 307]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078501-0000-0000", "contents": "1960 Tour de Romandie\nThe 1960 Tour de Romandie was the 14th edition of the Tour de Romandie cycle race and was held from 12 May to 15 May 1960. The race started and finished in Nyon. The race was won by Louis Rostollan.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [21, 21], "content_span": [22, 220]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078502-0000-0000", "contents": "1960 Tour de Suisse\nThe 1960 Tour de Suisse was the 24th edition of the Tour de Suisse cycle race and was held from 16 June to 22 June 1960. The race started in Z\u00fcrich and finished in Basel. The race was won by Alfred R\u00fcegg of the Liberia team.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 19], "section_span": [19, 19], "content_span": [20, 244]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078503-0000-0000", "contents": "1960 Tour of Flanders\nThe 44th running of the Tour of Flanders cycling classic was held on Sunday, 3 April 1960. Arthur De Cabooter won the race in the sprint of a group of 16 ahead of Jean Graczyk and Rik Van Looy. 72 of 164 riders finished.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [21, 21], "content_span": [22, 242]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078503-0001-0000", "contents": "1960 Tour of Flanders, Route\nThe race started in Ghent and finished in Wetteren \u2013 totaling 227\u00a0km. The course featured five categorized climbs:", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [23, 28], "content_span": [29, 143]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078504-0000-0000", "contents": "1960 Trentino-Alto Adige/S\u00fcdtirol regional election\nThe Trentino-Alto Adige/S\u00fcdtirol regional election of 1960 took place on 6 November 1960.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 51], "section_span": [51, 51], "content_span": [52, 141]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078504-0001-0000", "contents": "1960 Trentino-Alto Adige/S\u00fcdtirol regional election\nFollowing inter-ethnic tensions, the German minority refused to join the administration, and the Christian Democracy formed a classic centrist majority with the Democratic Socialists and the Liberals.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 51], "section_span": [51, 51], "content_span": [52, 252]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078505-0000-0000", "contents": "1960 Tulane Green Wave football team\nThe 1960 Tulane Green Wave football team was an American football team that represented Tulane University during the 1960 NCAA University Division football season as a member of the Southeastern Conference. In their seventh year under head coach Andy Pilney, the team compiled a 3\u20136\u20131 record.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [36, 36], "content_span": [37, 329]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078506-0000-0000", "contents": "1960 Tulsa Golden Hurricane football team\nThe 1960 Tulsa Golden Hurricane football team represented the University of Tulsa during the 1960 NCAA University Division football season. In their sixth year under head coach Bobby Dodds, the Golden Hurricane compiled a 5\u20135 record (2\u20131 against Missouri Valley Conference opponents) and finished in second place in the conference. The team's statistical leaders included Jerry Keeling with 1,018 passing yards, David White with 444 rushing yards, and Jim Furlong with 209 receiving yards.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 41], "section_span": [41, 41], "content_span": [42, 531]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078507-0000-0000", "contents": "1960 Turkish coup d'\u00e9tat\nThe 1960 Turkish coup d'\u00e9tat (Turkish: 27 May\u0131s Darbesi) was the first coup d'\u00e9tat in the Republic of Turkey. It took place on May 27, 1960. The coup was staged by a group of 38 young Turkish military officers, acting outside the military chain of command. The officers were de facto led by Cemal Madano\u011flu until the actual coup date. After a threat by Rag\u0131p G\u00fcm\u00fc\u015fpala that he would move to quell the coup unless it is led by someone with a higher military rank than himself, the officers brought in General Cemal G\u00fcrsel as their leader. The coup was carried out against the democratically elected government of the Democrat Party, and ultimately resulted in the execution of its prime minister, Adnan Menderes, alongside two of his ministers, Fatin R\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc Zorlu and Hasan Polatkan.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [24, 24], "content_span": [25, 806]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078507-0001-0000", "contents": "1960 Turkish coup d'\u00e9tat, Background\nThe incident took place at a time of both socio-political turmoil and economic hardship, as US aid from the Truman doctrine and the Marshall Plan was running out and so Prime Minister Adnan Menderes planned to visit Moscow in the hope of establishing alternative lines of credit.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 36], "content_span": [37, 316]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078507-0002-0000", "contents": "1960 Turkish coup d'\u00e9tat, Coup\nColonel Alparslan T\u00fcrke\u015f was among the officers who led the coup. He was a member of the junta (National Unity Committee) and had been among the first 16 officers trained by the United States in 1948 to form a stay-behind counter-guerrilla. As such, he explicitly stated his anticommunism and his faith and allegiance to NATO and CENTO in his short address to nation, but he remained vague on the reasons of the coup. On the morning of May 27, T\u00fcrke\u015f declared the coup over radio, which ultimately announced \"the end of one period in Turkish history, and usher in a new one\":", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 30], "content_span": [31, 606]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078507-0003-0000", "contents": "1960 Turkish coup d'\u00e9tat, Coup\nThe Great Turkish Nation: Starting at 3:00 am on the 27th of May, the Turkish armed forces have taken over administration throughout the entire country. This operation, thanks to the close cooperation of all our citizens and security forces, has succeeded without loss of life. Until further notice, a curfew has been imposed, exempt only to members of the armed forces. We request our citizens to facilitate the duty of our armed forces, and assist in reestablishing the nationally desired democratic regime.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 30], "content_span": [31, 540]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078507-0004-0000", "contents": "1960 Turkish coup d'\u00e9tat, Coup\nIn a press conference on the following day, Cemal G\u00fcrsel emphasized that the \"purpose and the aim of the coup is to bring the country with all speed to a fair, clean and solid democracy.... I want to transfer power and the administration of the nation to the free choice of the people\" However, a younger group  within the junta around T\u00fcrke\u015f supported a steadfast military leadership, an authoritarian rule similar as it was in Ottoman times or during Mustafa Kemal Atat\u00fcrks Government. This group then attempted to discharge from their offices 147 University teachers. This then led to a reaction from the officers within the junta who demanded a return to democracy and a multiparty system, following which T\u00fcrke\u015f and his group were sent abroad.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 30], "content_span": [31, 779]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078507-0005-0000", "contents": "1960 Turkish coup d'\u00e9tat, Purge\nThe junta forced 235 generals and more than 3,000 other commissioned officers into retirement; purged more than 500 judges and public prosecutors and 1400 university faculty members and put the chief of the General Staff, the president, the prime minister and other members of the administration under arrest. It followed by the appointment of the commander of the army General Cemal G\u00fcrsel, as the provisional head of state, prime minister and the minister of defense.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 31], "content_span": [32, 501]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078507-0006-0000", "contents": "1960 Turkish coup d'\u00e9tat, Yass\u0131ada trials\nThe minister of the interior, Nam\u0131k Gedik, committed suicide while he was detained in the Turkish Military Academy. President Celal Bayar, prime minister Adnan Menderes and several other members of the administration were put on trial before a court appointed by the junta on the island Yass\u0131ada in the Sea of Marmara. The politicians were charged with high treason, misuse of public funds and abrogation of the constitution.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 41], "content_span": [42, 467]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078507-0007-0000", "contents": "1960 Turkish coup d'\u00e9tat, Yass\u0131ada trials\nThe tribunals ended with the execution of Adnan Menderes, Minister of Foreign Affairs Fatin R\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc Zorlu and Minister of Finance Hasan Polatkan on \u0130mral\u0131 island on 16 September 1961. Celal Bayar was not hanged, but imprisoned on \u0130mral\u0131 prison.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 41], "content_span": [42, 284]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078507-0008-0000", "contents": "1960 Turkish coup d'\u00e9tat, Aftermath\nConstitutional referendum was held on 9 July 1961. A new constitution was drawn up to replace the one from 1924. It was approved by 61.7% of voters, with an 81.0% turnout.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 35], "content_span": [36, 207]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078507-0009-0000", "contents": "1960 Turkish coup d'\u00e9tat, Aftermath\nA month after the execution of Menderes and other members of the Turkish government, general elections were held on 15 October 1961. The administrative authority was returned to civilians, but the military continued to dominate the political scene until October 1965. \u0130smet \u0130n\u00f6n\u00fc held the office of Prime Minister for the third time from 1961 to 1965. Turkish Army Colonel Talat Aydemir organised two failed coups d'\u00e9tat in February 1962 and May 1963. In the first free elections after the coup, in 1965, S\u00fcleyman Demirel was elected and held the office until 1971, when he was removed by another coup.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 35], "content_span": [36, 638]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078508-0000-0000", "contents": "1960 U-2 incident\nOn 1 May 1960, a United States U-2 spy plane was shot down by the Soviet Air Defence Forces while performing photographic aerial reconnaissance deep inside Soviet territory. The single-seat aircraft, flown by pilot Francis Gary Powers, was hit by an S-75 Dvina (SA-2 Guideline) surface-to-air missile and crashed near Sverdlovsk (present-day Yekaterinburg). Powers parachuted safely and was captured.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [17, 17], "content_span": [18, 418]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078508-0001-0000", "contents": "1960 U-2 incident\nInitially, the US authorities acknowledged the incident as the loss of a civilian weather research aircraft operated by NASA, but were forced to admit the mission's true purpose when a few days later the Soviet government produced the captured pilot and parts of the U-2's surveillance equipment, including photographs of Soviet military bases taken during the mission.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [17, 17], "content_span": [18, 387]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078508-0002-0000", "contents": "1960 U-2 incident\nThe incident occurred during the presidency of Dwight D. Eisenhower and the premiership of Nikita Khrushchev, around two weeks before the scheduled opening of an east\u2013west summit in Paris. Krushchev and Eisenhower had met face-to-face at Camp David in Maryland in September 1959, and the seeming thaw in U.S.-Soviet relations had led people around the world to hope for a peaceful resolution to the ongoing Cold War. The U2 incident caused great embarrassment to the United States, and shattered the amiable \"Spirit of Camp David\" that had prevailed for eight months, prompting the cancellation of the planned Paris summit.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [17, 17], "content_span": [18, 641]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078508-0003-0000", "contents": "1960 U-2 incident\nPowers was convicted of espionage and sentenced to three years of imprisonment plus seven years of hard labour, but was released two years later in February 1962 in a prisoner exchange for Soviet intelligence officer Rudolf Abel.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [17, 17], "content_span": [18, 247]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078508-0004-0000", "contents": "1960 U-2 incident, Background\nIn July 1958, U.S. President Dwight D. Eisenhower requested permission from the Pakistani prime minister Feroze Khan Noon for the U.S. to establish a secret intelligence facility in Pakistan and for the U-2 spyplane to fly from Pakistan. The U-2 flew at altitudes that could not be reached by Soviet fighter jets of the era; it was believed to be beyond the reach of Soviet missiles as well. A facility established in Badaber (Peshawar Air Station), 10 miles (16\u00a0km) from Peshawar, was a cover for a major communications intercept operation run by the United States National Security Agency (NSA).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 29], "content_span": [30, 627]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078508-0004-0001", "contents": "1960 U-2 incident, Background\nBadaber was an excellent location because of its proximity to Soviet central Asia. This enabled the monitoring of missile test sites, key infrastructure and communications. The U-2 \"spy-in-the-sky\" was allowed to use the Pakistan Air Force section of Peshawar Airport to gain vital photo intelligence in an era before satellite observation.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 29], "content_span": [30, 370]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078508-0005-0000", "contents": "1960 U-2 incident, Background\nPresident Eisenhower did not want to fly American U-2 pilots over the Soviet Union because he felt that if one of these pilots were to be shot down or captured, it could be seen as an act of aggression. At a time like the Cold War, any act of aggression could spark open conflict between the two countries. In order to ease the burden of flying Americans into Soviet airspace the idea developed to have British pilots from the Royal Air Force fly these missions in place of the American Central Intelligence Agency (CIA).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 29], "content_span": [30, 551]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078508-0005-0001", "contents": "1960 U-2 incident, Background\nWith the United Kingdom still reeling from the aftermath of the Suez Crisis and in no position to snub American requests, the British government was amenable to the proposal. Using British pilots allowed Eisenhower to be able to use the U-2 aircraft to spy for American interests in the Soviet Union, while still being able to plausibly deny any affiliation if a mission became compromised.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 29], "content_span": [30, 420]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078508-0006-0000", "contents": "1960 U-2 incident, Background\nAfter the success of the first two British pilots and because of pressure to determine the number of Soviet intercontinental ballistic missiles more accurately, Eisenhower allowed the flying of two more missions before the Four Power Paris Summit, scheduled for 16 May. The final two missions before the summit were to be flown by American pilots.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 29], "content_span": [30, 377]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078508-0007-0000", "contents": "1960 U-2 incident, Background\nOn 9 April 1960, a U-2C spyplane of the special CIA unit \"10-10\", piloted by Bob Ericson, crossed the southern national boundary of the Soviet Union in the area of Pamir Mountains and flew over four Soviet top secret military objects: the Semipalatinsk Test Site, the Dolon Air Base where Tu-95 strategic bombers were stationed, the surface-to-air missile (SAM) test site of the Soviet Air Defence Forces near Saryshagan, and the Tyuratam missile range (Baikonur Cosmodrome).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 29], "content_span": [30, 505]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078508-0008-0000", "contents": "1960 U-2 incident, Background\nThe aircraft was detected by the Soviet Air Defense Forces when it had flown more than 250 kilometres (155\u00a0mi) over the Soviet national boundary and avoided several attempts at interception by a MiG-19 and a Su-9 during the flight. The U-2 left Soviet air space and landed at an Iranian airstrip at Zahedan. It was clear that the U.S. Central Intelligence Agency had successfully performed an extraordinarily dangerous but productive intelligence operation. The next flight of the U-2 spyplane from Peshawar airport was planned for late April.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 29], "content_span": [30, 573]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078508-0009-0000", "contents": "1960 U-2 incident, Event\nOn 28 April 1960, a U.S. Lockheed U-2C spy plane, Article 358, was ferried from Incirlik Air Base in Turkey to the US base at Peshawar airport by pilot Glen Dunaway. Fuel for the aircraft had been ferried to Peshawar the previous day in a US Air Force C-124 transport. A US Air Force C-130 followed, carrying the ground crew, mission pilot Francis Powers, and the backup pilot, Bob Ericson. On the morning of 29 April, the crew in Badaber was informed that the mission had been delayed one day. As a result, Bob Ericson flew Article 358 back to Incirlik and John Shinn ferried another U-2C, Article 360, from Incirlik to Peshawar. On 30 April, the mission was delayed one day further because of bad weather over the Soviet Union.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 24], "content_span": [25, 754]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078508-0010-0000", "contents": "1960 U-2 incident, Event\nThe weather improved and on 1 May, 15 days before the scheduled opening of the east\u2013west summit conference in Paris, Captain Powers, flying Article 360, 56\u20136693 left the base in Peshawar on a mission with the operations code word GRAND SLAM to overfly the Soviet Union, photographing targets including the ICBM sites at the Baikonur Cosmodrome and Plesetsk Cosmodrome, then land at Bod\u00f8 in Norway. At the time, the USSR had six ICBM launch pads, two at Baikonur and four at Plesetsk. Mayak, then named Chelyabinsk-65, an important industrial center of plutonium processing, was another of the targets that Powers was to photograph. A close study of Powers's account of the flight shows that one of the last targets he overflew, before being shot down, was the Chelyabinsk-65 plutonium production facility.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 24], "content_span": [25, 830]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078508-0011-0000", "contents": "1960 U-2 incident, Event\nThe U-2 flight was expected, and all units of the Soviet Air Defence Forces in the Central Asia, Kazakhstan, Siberia, Ural, and later in the USSR European Region and Extreme North, were placed on red alert. Soon after the aircraft was detected, Lieutenant General of the Air Force Yevgeniy Savitskiy ordered the air-unit commanders \"to attack the violator by all alert flights located in the area of foreign plane's course, and to ram if necessary\".", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 24], "content_span": [25, 474]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078508-0012-0000", "contents": "1960 U-2 incident, Event\nBecause of the U-2's extreme operating altitude, Soviet attempts to intercept the aircraft using fighter aircraft failed. The U-2's course was out of range of several of the nearest SAM sites, and one SAM site even failed to engage the aircraft since it was not on duty that day. The U-2 was shot down near Kosulino, Ural Region, by the first of three SA-2 Guideline (S-75 Dvina) surface-to-air missiles fired by a battery commanded by Mikhail Voronov. The SA-2 site had been supposedly identified previously by the CIA, using photos taken during Vice President Richard Nixon's visit to Sverdlovsk the previous summer.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 24], "content_span": [25, 643]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078508-0013-0000", "contents": "1960 U-2 incident, Event\nPowers bailed out but neglected to disconnect his oxygen hose first and struggled with it until it broke, enabling him to separate from the aircraft. After parachuting safely down onto Soviet soil, Powers was quickly captured. Powers carried with him a modified silver dollar which contained a lethal, shellfish-derived saxitoxin-tipped needle, but he did not use it.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 24], "content_span": [25, 392]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078508-0014-0000", "contents": "1960 U-2 incident, Event\nThe SAM command center was unaware that the aircraft was destroyed for more than 30 minutes. One of the Soviet MiG-19 fighters pursuing Powers was also destroyed in the missile salvo, and the pilot, Sergei Safronov, was killed. The MiGs' IFF transponders were not yet switched to the new May codes because of the 1 May holiday.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 24], "content_span": [25, 352]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078508-0015-0000", "contents": "1960 U-2 incident, American cover-up and exposure\nFour days after Powers's disappearance, NASA issued a very detailed press release noting that an aircraft had \"gone missing\" north of Turkey. The press release speculated that the pilot might have fallen unconscious while the autopilot was still engaged, even falsely claiming that \"the pilot reported over the emergency frequency that he was experiencing oxygen difficulties\". To bolster this, a U-2 was quickly painted in NASA colors and shown to the media. Under the impression that the pilot had died and that the plane had been destroyed, the Americans had decided to use the NASA cover-up plan. Nikita Khrushchev used the American misstep to embarrass President Eisenhower and his administration.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 49], "content_span": [50, 752]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078508-0016-0000", "contents": "1960 U-2 incident, American cover-up and exposure\nThat same day on 5 May, the Senate made its first comments on the U-2 incident and began a domestic political controversy for Eisenhower. Mike Mansfield, the Senate Majority Whip, stated, \"First reports indicate that the President had no knowledge of the plane incident. If that is the case, we have got to ask whether or not this administration has any real control over the federal bureaucracy.\" Mansfield, more than any other person, highlighted the dilemma Eisenhower faced\u2014Eisenhower could admit responsibility for the U-2 flight, and likely ruin any chances for d\u00e9tente at the Paris Summit, or he could continue to deny knowledge and indicate that he did not control his own administration.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 49], "content_span": [50, 746]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078508-0017-0000", "contents": "1960 U-2 incident, American cover-up and exposure\nAfter Khrushchev found out about America's NASA cover story, he developed a political trap for Eisenhower. His plan began with the release of information to the world that a spy plane had been shot down in Soviet territory, but he did not reveal that the pilot of this aircraft had also been found and that he was alive. With the information that Khrushchev released, the Americans believed that they would be able to continue with their cover story that the crashed U-2 was a weather research aircraft and not a military spy plane.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 49], "content_span": [50, 582]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078508-0017-0001", "contents": "1960 U-2 incident, American cover-up and exposure\nThe cover-up said that the pilot of the U-2 weather aircraft had radioed in that he was experiencing oxygen difficulties while flying over Turkey. From there they claimed that the aircraft could have continued on its path because of auto-pilot, and that this could be the U-2 that crashed in the Soviet Union.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 49], "content_span": [50, 359]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078508-0017-0002", "contents": "1960 U-2 incident, American cover-up and exposure\nThe final attempt to make the cover story seem as real as possible was the grounding of all U-2 aircraft for mandatory inspection of oxygen systems in order to make sure that no other \"weather missions\" would have the same result as the one that was lost and possibly crashed in the Soviet Union.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 49], "content_span": [50, 346]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078508-0018-0000", "contents": "1960 U-2 incident, American cover-up and exposure\nI must tell you a secret. When I made my first report I deliberately did not say that the pilot was alive and well\u00a0... and now just look how many silly things the Americans have said.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 49], "content_span": [50, 233]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078508-0019-0000", "contents": "1960 U-2 incident, American cover-up and exposure\nAlso, because of the release of some photographs of the aircraft, there was evidence that most of the covert U-2 technologies had survived the crash. From this Khrushchev was able to openly embarrass the Eisenhower administration by exposing the attempted cover-up.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 49], "content_span": [50, 315]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078508-0020-0000", "contents": "1960 U-2 incident, American cover-up and exposure\nKhrushchev still attempted to allow Eisenhower to save face, possibly to salvage the peace summit to some degree, by specifically laying the blame not on Eisenhower himself, but on Director of Central Intelligence Allen Dulles and the CIA: Khrushchev said that anyone wishing to understand the U-2's mission should \"seek a reply from Allen Dulles, at whose instructions the American aircraft flew over the Soviet Union\". On 9 May, the Soviet premier told US ambassador Thompson that he \"could not help but suspect that someone had launched this operation with the deliberate intent of spoiling the summit meeting\". Thompson also wrote in his diplomatic cable that Khrushchev suspected it was Allen Dulles, and that Khrushchev had heard about Senator Mansfield's remarks that Eisenhower did not control his own administration.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 49], "content_span": [50, 875]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078508-0021-0000", "contents": "1960 U-2 incident, American cover-up and exposure\nUpon receiving this cable, Eisenhower, who frequently was very animated, was quiet and depressed. The only words he said to his secretary were, \"I would like to resign.\" Meanwhile, the domestic pressure continued to mount. Eisenhower then accepted Dulles's argument that the congressional leadership needed to be briefed on the U-2 missions from the last four years. Dulles told the legislature that all U-2 flights were used for aerial espionage and had been flown pursuant to \"presidential directives\". Still, Dulles played down Eisenhower's direct role in approving every previous U-2 flight.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 49], "content_span": [50, 645]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078508-0022-0000", "contents": "1960 U-2 incident, American cover-up and exposure\nThe next day on 10 May, without consulting with any agency heads, House Appropriations Chair Clarence Cannon received considerable press attention when he, not President Eisenhower, revealed the true nature of the U-2 mission. He said to an open session of the House of Representatives that the U-2 was a CIA aircraft engaged in aerial espionage over the Soviet Union. Cannon said,", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 49], "content_span": [50, 431]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078508-0023-0000", "contents": "1960 U-2 incident, American cover-up and exposure\nMr. Chairman, on May 1 the Soviet Government captured, 1300 miles inside the boundaries of the Russian Empire, an American plane, operated by an American pilot, under the direction and control of the U.S. Central Intelligence Agency, and is now holding both the plane and the pilot. The plane was on an espionage mission\u00a0... the activity\u00a0... [ was] under the aegis of the Commander in Chief of the Armed Forces of the United States, for whom all members of the subcommittee have the highest regard and in whose military capacity they have the utmost confidence.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 49], "content_span": [50, 611]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078508-0024-0000", "contents": "1960 U-2 incident, American cover-up and exposure\nAt the end of Cannon's speech, Democrats and Republicans uncharacteristically rose to their feet to applaud.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 49], "content_span": [50, 158]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078508-0025-0000", "contents": "1960 U-2 incident, American cover-up and exposure\nStill, Eisenhower faced criticism in the press for not controlling his own administration, as Cannon's speech only said the mission was \"under the aegis of\" the president, not \"directed by\". Press reports were creating a belief in the public that Eisenhower had lost control, which Eisenhower would not let stand. Knowing that he was jeopardizing the Paris Peace Summit, Eisenhower decided to reveal the aerial espionage program and his direct role in it, an unprecedented move for a U.S. president.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 49], "content_span": [50, 549]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078508-0025-0001", "contents": "1960 U-2 incident, American cover-up and exposure\nHis speech on 11 May revolved around four main points: the need for intelligence gathering activities; the nature of intelligence gathering activities; how intelligence activities should be viewed (as distasteful, but vital); and finally that Americans should not be distracted from the real problems of the day. Eisenhower closed passionately by reacting to the Soviet claim that the US acted provocatively and said: \"They had better look at their own [espionage] record.\" As he finished, he told reporters he was still going to the Paris Peace Summit.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 49], "content_span": [50, 603]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078508-0026-0000", "contents": "1960 U-2 incident, American cover-up and exposure\nFrom the Congressional Research Service report \"Covert Action: An Effective Instrument of U.S. Foreign Policy? \", dated 21 October 1996, released by Wikileaks: \"Many observers believed that when President Eisenhower in 1960 accepted responsibility for U-2 overflights of the Soviet Union, he made reaching agreements with Moscow much more difficult; had he blamed the flights on the Pentagon or the CIA, Khrushchev arguably might not have felt forced to react so strongly even though he might not believe the denials. Such reasoning, while constrained, is hardly unusual. It is easier for a President to deal with foreign leaders who are known to have committed violent acts, but have never admitted having done so, than to meet formally with those who have acknowledged 'unacceptable' behavior.\"", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 49], "content_span": [50, 846]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078508-0027-0000", "contents": "1960 U-2 incident, American cover-up and exposure\nToday a large part of the wreck as well as many items from Powers's survival pack are on display at the Central Armed Forces Museum in Moscow. A small piece of the U-2 was returned to the United States and is on display at the National Cryptologic Museum.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 49], "content_span": [50, 305]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078508-0028-0000", "contents": "1960 U-2 incident, Intelligence\nAlready from 1948, Norwegian Selmer Nilsen had been recruited by the Soviet intelligence organization GRU, amongst other foreigners, to spy on allied activity in NATO countries. Nilsen was assigned to watch allied military activity in northern Norway. The U-2 operations were linked with the airport Bod\u00f8, which was one of its permanent stations. Selmer Nilsen recorded U-2 activity in Bod\u00f8 and forwarded much military information to the Soviet Union. He was convicted for espionage in 1968 in a closed trial in Norway, with a penalty of seven years and six months' imprisonment. He was released after three years.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 31], "content_span": [32, 646]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078508-0029-0000", "contents": "1960 U-2 incident, Aftermath, Contemporary reactions to the U-2 incident and effect on the Four Powers Summit\nThe Summit was attended by Eisenhower, Khrushchev, French President Charles de Gaulle, and British Prime Minister Harold Macmillan. It was the first conference to be attended by both Soviet and western leaders in five years. However, prospects for constructive dialogue were dashed by the explosive controversy surrounding the U-2 flight over Soviet territory.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 109], "content_span": [110, 470]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078508-0030-0000", "contents": "1960 U-2 incident, Aftermath, Contemporary reactions to the U-2 incident and effect on the Four Powers Summit\nAlthough the Four Powers Summit was the first meeting between western and Soviet leaders in five years when it was held, the mood was optimistic that there could be an easing of tensions between the Soviet Union and the United States. In an effort to present a less hostile, more cordial Soviet Union, Khrushchev publicly advocated a policy of \"peaceful coexistence with the United States\". The May Day celebrations on 1 May of that year were marked by this newfound cooperative spirit. Absent were the militarized symbols of previous parades, such as artillery and armor. Instead, there were children, white doves, and athletes. But the reaction of the Soviet government to the spy plane incident and the response from the United States doomed any potential meaningful peace agreement.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 109], "content_span": [110, 896]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078508-0031-0000", "contents": "1960 U-2 incident, Aftermath, Contemporary reactions to the U-2 incident and effect on the Four Powers Summit\nIn the days directly leading up to the conference, tensions increased dramatically between the United States and the Soviet Union over the U-2 incident. At this point in the negotiations, the hardliners of the Soviet government were applying heavy pressure to Khrushchev. In the weeks leading up to the summit there had been a revitalization of anti-American sentiment within the Kremlin, with the Soviets blocking a planned trip to Washington D.C. of a Soviet air marshal, inviting Chinese communist leader Mao Zedong to Moscow, and launching an anti-American press campaign designed to critique \"American aggression\". At this time east and west were divided about how to move forward in Berlin, and the American press characterized Khrushchev's decision to emphasize the U-2 incident at the summit as an attempt to gain leverage on this issue.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 109], "content_span": [110, 955]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078508-0032-0000", "contents": "1960 U-2 incident, Aftermath, Contemporary reactions to the U-2 incident and effect on the Four Powers Summit\nThe summit itself did not last long, with talks only beginning on 15 May and ending on 16 May. Both Eisenhower and Khrushchev gave statements on the 16th. Khrushchev blasted the United States on the U-2 incident. He pointed out that the policy of secret spying was one of mistrust and that the incident had doomed the summit before it even began. He expected the United States and Eisenhower to condemn the spying and pledge to end further reconnaissance missions.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 109], "content_span": [110, 574]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078508-0033-0000", "contents": "1960 U-2 incident, Aftermath, Contemporary reactions to the U-2 incident and effect on the Four Powers Summit\nAt the summit, after Khrushchev had blown Eisenhower's cover, Eisenhower did not deny that the aircraft had been spying on Soviet military installations but contended that the action was not aggressive but defensive. He argued that the current state of international relations was not one in which peaceful coexistence was an already established fact. The policy of the United States towards the Soviet Union at that time was defensive and cautionary.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 109], "content_span": [110, 561]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078508-0033-0001", "contents": "1960 U-2 incident, Aftermath, Contemporary reactions to the U-2 incident and effect on the Four Powers Summit\nEisenhower also made the point that dialogue at the Four Powers Summit was the type of international negotiation that could lead to a relationship between the United States and the Soviet Union where there would be no need to spy on each other. Eisenhower also laid out a plan for an international agreement that authorized the U.N. to \"inspect\" any nations willing to submit to its authority for signs of increased militarization and aggressive action. He stated that the United States would be more than willing to submit to such an inspection by the U.N. and that he hoped to circumvent the spying controversy with this alternative international surveillance agreement.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 109], "content_span": [110, 782]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078508-0034-0000", "contents": "1960 U-2 incident, Aftermath, Contemporary reactions to the U-2 incident and effect on the Four Powers Summit\nThe meeting during which both parties made their statements lasted just over three hours. During this time Khrushchev rescinded an invitation he had earlier given to Eisenhower to visit the Soviet Union.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 109], "content_span": [110, 313]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078508-0035-0000", "contents": "1960 U-2 incident, Aftermath, Contemporary reactions to the U-2 incident and effect on the Four Powers Summit\nAccording to American broadcast journalist Walter Cronkite, Khrushchev would go on to say that this incident was the beginning of his decline in power as party chairman, perhaps because he seemed unable to negotiate the international arena and the communist hardliners at home. The collapse of the summit also saw an increased tension between the Soviets and the Americans in the years to come. After this debacle, the arms race accelerated and any considerations for negotiations were dashed for the immediate future.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 109], "content_span": [110, 628]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078508-0036-0000", "contents": "1960 U-2 incident, Aftermath, Consequences of the failed summit\nAs a result of the spy plane incident and the attempted cover-up, the Four Power Paris Summit was not completed. At the beginning of the talks on 16 May, there was still hope that the two sides could come together even after the events that took place earlier in May, but Eisenhower refused to apologize and Khrushchev left the summit one day after it had begun. Some public opinion was that Khrushchev had overreacted to the event in an attempt to strengthen his own position, and for that, he was the one to blame for the collapse of the Four Power Paris Summit.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 63], "content_span": [64, 628]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078508-0037-0000", "contents": "1960 U-2 incident, Aftermath, Consequences of the failed summit\nBefore the U-2 incident Khrushchev and Eisenhower had been getting along well and the summit was going to be an opportunity for the two sides to come together. Also, Eisenhower had been looking forward to a visit to the Soviet Union and was very upset when his invitation was retracted. The two sides were going to discuss topics such as nuclear arms reduction and also how to deal with increasing tensions surrounding Berlin. According to Eisenhower, had it not been for the U-2 incident, the summit and his visit to the Soviet Union could have greatly helped Soviet and American relations.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 63], "content_span": [64, 655]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078508-0038-0000", "contents": "1960 U-2 incident, Aftermath, Consequences of the failed summit\nThe Soviet Union convened a meeting of the United Nations Security Council on 23 May to tell their side of the story. The meetings continued for four days with other allegations of spying being exchanged, as well as recriminations over the Paris Summit, and a US offer of an \"open skies\" proposal to allow reciprocal flights over one another's territory, at the end of which the Soviet Union overwhelmingly lost a vote on a concise resolution which would have condemned the incursions and requested the US to prevent their recurrence.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 63], "content_span": [64, 598]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078508-0039-0000", "contents": "1960 U-2 incident, Aftermath, Consequences of the failed summit\nThe U-2 incident severely compromised Pakistan's security and worsened relations with the United States. After the incident, Nikita Khrushchev warned Pakistan that it had become a target of Soviet nuclear forces. General Khalid Mahmud Arif of the Pakistan Army stated that \"Pakistan felt deceived because the US had kept her in the dark about such clandestine spy operations launched from Pakistan's territory.\" The communications wing at Badaber was formally closed down on 7 January 1970. Further, the Senate Foreign Relations Committee held a lengthy inquiry into the U-2 incident.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 63], "content_span": [64, 648]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078508-0040-0000", "contents": "1960 U-2 incident, Aftermath, Consequences of the failed summit\nThe incident also reverberated around the world. For example in Japan, the incident contributed to the growth of the ongoing Anpo protests against the U.S.-Japan Security Treaty (known as \"Anpo\" in Japanese) which allowed the United States to maintain military bases on Japanese soil. The Japanese government was forced to admit that U-2 planes were also based at U.S. bases in Japan, which meant that Japan might be subject to attack should a war break out between the United States and the Soviet Union. Accordingly, when the U2 revelations came to light, Japanese protesters felt added urgency in their drive to eliminate the treaty and rid Japan of U.S. military bases.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 63], "content_span": [64, 737]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078508-0041-0000", "contents": "1960 U-2 incident, Aftermath, Pilot fate\nUpon his capture, Gary Powers told his Soviet captors what his mission had been and why he had been in Soviet airspace. He did this in accordance with orders that he had received before he went on his mission. Powers pleaded guilty and was convicted of espionage on 19 August and sentenced to three years imprisonment and seven years of hard labor. He served one year and nine months of the sentence before being exchanged for Rudolf Abel on 10 February 1962. The exchange occurred on the Glienicke Bridge connecting Potsdam, East Germany, to West Berlin.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 40], "content_span": [41, 596]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078508-0042-0000", "contents": "1960 U-2 incident, Aftermath, New tactics and technology\nThe incident showed that even high-altitude aircraft were vulnerable to Soviet surface-to-air missiles. As a result, the United States began emphasizing high-speed, low-level flights for its previously high altitude B-47, B-52 and B-58 bombers, and began developing the supersonic F-111, which would include an FB-111A variant for the Strategic Air Command. The Corona spy satellite project was accelerated. The CIA also accelerated the development of the Lockheed A-12 OXCART supersonic spyplane that first flew in 1962 and later began developing the Lockheed D-21 unmanned drone.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 56], "content_span": [57, 638]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078508-0043-0000", "contents": "1960 U-2 incident, Later versions\nThe original consensus about the cause of the U-2 incident was that the spy plane had been shot down by one of a salvo of 14 Soviet SA-2 missiles. This story was originated by Oleg Penkovsky, a GRU agent who spied for MI6. In 2010, CIA documents were released indicating that \"top US officials never believed Powers's account of his fateful flight because it appeared to be directly contradicted by a report from the National Security Agency\" which alleged that the U-2 had descended from 65,000 to 34,000 feet (19,812 to 10,363\u00a0m) before changing course and disappearing from radar. One contemporary reading of the NSA's story is that they mistakenly tracked the descent of a MiG-19 piloted by Sr. Lt . Sergei Safronov.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 33], "content_span": [34, 754]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078508-0044-0000", "contents": "1960 U-2 incident, Later versions, Igor Mentyukov\nIn 1996, Soviet pilot Captain Igor Mentyukov claimed that, at 65,000 feet (19,800\u00a0m) altitude, under orders to ram the intruder, he had caught the U-2 in the slipstream of his unarmed Sukhoi Su-9, causing the U-2 to flip over and break its wings. The salvo of missiles had indeed scored a hit, downing a pursuing MiG-19, not the U-2. Mentyukov said that if a missile had hit the U-2, its pilot would not have lived.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 49], "content_span": [50, 465]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078508-0045-0000", "contents": "1960 U-2 incident, Later versions, Igor Mentyukov\nThough the normal Su-9 service ceiling was 55,000 feet (16,800\u00a0m), Mentyukov's aircraft had been modified to achieve higher altitudes, having its weapons removed. With no weapons, the only attack option open to him was aerial ramming. Mentyukov asserted that Soviet generals concealed these facts to avoid challenging Nikita Khrushchev's faith in the efficiency of Soviet air defenses.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 49], "content_span": [50, 435]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078508-0046-0000", "contents": "1960 U-2 incident, Later versions, Sergei Khrushchev\nIn 2000, Sergei Khrushchev wrote about the experience of his father, Nikita Khrushchev, in the incident. He described how Mentyukov attempted to intercept the U-2, but failed to gain visual contact. Major Mikhail Voronov, in control of a battery of anti-aircraft missiles, fired three SA-2s at the radar contact but only one ignited. It quickly rose toward the target and exploded in the air behind the U-2 but near enough to violently shake the aircraft, tearing off its long wings. At a lower altitude, Powers climbed out of the falling fuselage and parachuted to the ground.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 52], "content_span": [53, 630]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078508-0046-0001", "contents": "1960 U-2 incident, Later versions, Sergei Khrushchev\nUncertainty about the initial shootdown success resulted in 13 further anti-aircraft missiles being fired by neighboring batteries, but the later missiles only hit a pursuing MiG-19 piloted by Sr. Lt . Sergei Safronov, mortally wounding him. This account of the events that occurred during the mission matches the details that were given to the CIA by Gary Powers. According to Powers, a missile exploded behind him and after this occurred his U-2 began to nosedive. It is at this point that Powers began to make all of the preparations to eject. Powers landed safely and tried to hide in the Soviet countryside until he could get help. His attempts to do this failed and he was captured. Sergei Safronov was posthumously awarded the Order of the Red Banner.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 52], "content_span": [53, 811]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078508-0047-0000", "contents": "1960 U-2 incident, Later versions, Selmer Nilsen\nIn 1981, Selmer Nilsen, a Norwegian convicted for spying for the Soviet Union, claimed in his book 'I Was a Russian Spy' that Powers's U-2 had actually been sabotaged. He alleged that a bomb had been placed in the tail of the aircraft by two Soviet spies disguised as mechanics at a Turkish airfield. He claimed to have been told this by Soviet officials shortly after the incident.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 48], "content_span": [49, 431]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078508-0048-0000", "contents": "1960 U-2 incident, Film\nIn 2015 the Steven Spielberg feature film Bridge of Spies was released, which dramatized James B. Donovan (Tom Hanks)'s negotiations for Powers's release, but took certain liberties with what really happened. For instance, Powers is shown being tortured by the Soviets, when in reality he was treated well by his captors and spent much of his time doing handicrafts.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 23], "content_span": [24, 390]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078508-0049-0000", "contents": "1960 U-2 incident, Film\nIn January 2016, the BBC magazine produced photographs from the time and an interview with Powers's son.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 23], "content_span": [24, 128]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078509-0000-0000", "contents": "1960 U.S. Figure Skating Championships\nThe 1960 U.S. Figure Skating Championships was held at the Civic Ice Arena in Seattle from January 27 through 30, 1960. Medals were awarded in three colors: gold (first), silver (second), and bronze (third) in four disciplines \u2013 men's singles, ladies' singles, pair skating, and ice dancing \u2013 across three levels: senior, junior, and novice.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [38, 38], "content_span": [39, 380]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078509-0001-0000", "contents": "1960 U.S. Figure Skating Championships\nThe event determined the U.S. teams for the 1960 Winter Olympics and 1960 World Championships.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [38, 38], "content_span": [39, 133]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078509-0002-0000", "contents": "1960 U.S. Figure Skating Championships, Senior results\nIn the men's, ladies', and pairs' divisions, the competitions were won by the defending champions, while the vacant dance title was won by the previous year's silver medalists.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 54], "content_span": [55, 231]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078509-0003-0000", "contents": "1960 U.S. Figure Skating Championships, Senior results, Men\nTim Brown won the compulsory figures competition over David Jenkins, but Jenkins responded with a superior free skating that included two triple jumps. He received no mark lower than 5.8 for this performance and won the title on a 4-1 ordinal decision.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 59], "content_span": [60, 312]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078509-0004-0000", "contents": "1960 U.S. Figure Skating Championships, Senior results, Ladies\nCarol Heiss built up a large lead in the compulsory figures which meant her title was never in serious doubt. However, Barbara Ann Roles captured the audience with an outstanding free skating performance.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 62], "content_span": [63, 267]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078509-0005-0000", "contents": "1960 U.S. Figure Skating Championships, Senior results, Ladies\nHeiss went on to capture gold medal in the 1960 Winter Olympics, while Roles won bronze medal at the Games. At the 1960 World Championships, Heiss finished first and Roles came in third.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 62], "content_span": [63, 249]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078510-0000-0000", "contents": "1960 U.S. National Championships (tennis)\nThe 1960 U.S. National Championships (now known as the US Open) was a tennis tournament that took place on outdoor grass courts at two locations in the United States. The men's and women's singles as well as the mixed doubles were played from September 2 through September 17 at the West Side Tennis Club, Forest Hills in New York City, while the men's and women's doubles were held at the Longwood Cricket Club in Chestnut Hill, Massachusetts from August 21 through August 28, 1960. It was the 80th staging of the U.S. National Championships, and the fourth Grand Slam tennis event of 1960. Neale Fraser and Darlene Hard won the singles titles.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 41], "section_span": [41, 41], "content_span": [42, 687]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078510-0001-0000", "contents": "1960 U.S. National Championships (tennis), Finals, Men's doubles\nNeale Fraser /  Roy Emerson defeated  Rod Laver /  Bob Mark 9\u20137, 6\u20132, 6\u20134", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 41], "section_span": [43, 64], "content_span": [65, 138]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078510-0002-0000", "contents": "1960 U.S. National Championships (tennis), Finals, Women's doubles\nMaria Bueno /  Darlene Hard defeated  Ann Haydon /  Deidre Catt 6\u20131, 6\u20131", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 41], "section_span": [43, 66], "content_span": [67, 139]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078510-0003-0000", "contents": "1960 U.S. National Championships (tennis), Finals, Mixed doubles\nMargaret Osborne duPont /   Neale Fraser defeated  Maria Bueno /  Antonio Palafox 6\u20133, 6\u20132", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 41], "section_span": [43, 64], "content_span": [65, 155]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078511-0000-0000", "contents": "1960 U.S. National Championships \u2013 Men's Singles\nNeale Fraser defeated Rod Laver 6\u20134, 6\u20134, 10\u20138 in the final to win the Men's Singles tennis title at the 1960 U.S. National Championships.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 48], "section_span": [48, 48], "content_span": [49, 187]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078511-0001-0000", "contents": "1960 U.S. National Championships \u2013 Men's Singles, Seeds\nThe seeded players are listed below. Neale Fraser is the champion; others show the round in which they were eliminated.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 48], "section_span": [50, 55], "content_span": [56, 175]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078512-0000-0000", "contents": "1960 U.S. National Championships \u2013 Women's Singles\nFourth-seeded Darlene Hard defeated first-seeded Maria Bueno 6\u20134, 10\u201312, 6\u20134 in the final to win the Women's Singles tennis title at the 1960 U.S. National Championships. The tournament was played on outdoor grass courts and held from September 2 through September 17, 1960 at the West Side Tennis Club in Forest Hills, Queens, New York.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 50], "section_span": [50, 50], "content_span": [51, 388]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078512-0001-0000", "contents": "1960 U.S. National Championships \u2013 Women's Singles\nThe draw consisted of 64 players of which eight were seeded.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 50], "section_span": [50, 50], "content_span": [51, 111]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078512-0002-0000", "contents": "1960 U.S. National Championships \u2013 Women's Singles, Seeds\nThe seeded players are listed below. Darlene Hard is the champion; others show in brackets the round in which they were eliminated.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 50], "section_span": [52, 57], "content_span": [58, 189]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078513-0000-0000", "contents": "1960 U.S. Open (golf)\nThe 1960 U.S. Open was the 60th U.S. Open, held June 16\u201318 at Cherry Hills Country Club in Cherry Hills Village, Colorado, a suburb of Denver. Arnold Palmer staged the greatest comeback in U.S. Open history, erasing a seven-stroke deficit during the final round to win his only U.S. Open title. It is remembered as a crossroads for the three primary contenders in the final round: Palmer, Ben Hogan, and amateur Jack Nicklaus, three of the greatest players in the history of golf.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [21, 21], "content_span": [22, 502]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078513-0001-0000", "contents": "1960 U.S. Open (golf)\nHaving already won the Masters, Palmer was half-way to the single-season Grand Slam with his win at Cherry Hills. His quest ended three weeks later at the British Open, when he lost to Kel Nagle by one stroke at St Andrews. Two weeks later, he finished five strokes back in a tie for seventh at the PGA Championship, the only major that eluded him for his career. This was Palmer's only victory at the U.S. Open; he finished second four times, including three losses in playoffs in 1962, 1963, and 1966.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [21, 21], "content_span": [22, 525]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078513-0002-0000", "contents": "1960 U.S. Open (golf)\nThis was the third major championship at Cherry Hills, which previously hosted the U.S. Open in 1938 and the PGA Championship in 1941. The U.S. Open returned in 1978 and the PGA Championship in 1985. The average elevation of the course exceeds 5,300 feet (1,620\u00a0m) above sea level.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [21, 21], "content_span": [22, 303]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078513-0003-0000", "contents": "1960 U.S. Open (golf), Round summaries, Second round\nAmateurs: Cherry (-1), Nicklaus (E), Beman (+6), Fowler (+6), Courtney (+7), Coody (+8), Kocsis (+8), Carmichael (+9), Chapman (+11), Schmidt (+12), Wright (+12), Donohue (+13), Weber (+13), English (+14), Konsek (+14), Moore (+15), Welauffer (+15), Gardner (+16), Rose (+17), Eisinger Jr (+19), Hane (+20).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [23, 52], "content_span": [53, 360]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078513-0004-0000", "contents": "1960 U.S. Open (golf), Round summaries, Final round\nPalmer trailed leader Mike Souchak by eight strokes after 36 holes, and by seven shots after 54 holes. Almost everyone believed he was out of contention beginning the final round, tied for fifteenth place. Palmer drove the green on the par-4 1st to set up a two-putt birdie, then chipped in from 90 feet (27\u00a0m) for birdie at the second. After nearly making an eagle at 3 and tapping in for another birdie, he holed an 18-footer for birdie at 4 then made two more birdies at 6 and 7. He cooled off the rest of his round, finally carding a 65 (\u22126) for a 280 (\u22124) total.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [23, 51], "content_span": [52, 619]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078513-0005-0000", "contents": "1960 U.S. Open (golf), Round summaries, Final round\nTwenty-year-old Jack Nicklaus, the reigning U.S. Amateur champion playing in his fourth Open, was also in contention during the final round, briefly holding the lead after making eagle at 5 and birdie at 9. Two three-putts on the back-nine dropped him to a 282 (\u22122) total, two strokes behind Palmer. His second-place finish was the best showing by an amateur at the U.S. Open since Johnny Goodman won in 1933. Aiming for a record fifth U.S. Open title at age 47, Ben Hogan was tied for the lead on the 71st tee, a par 5.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [23, 51], "content_span": [52, 572]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078513-0005-0001", "contents": "1960 U.S. Open (golf), Round summaries, Final round\nOn his third shot he hit a wedge on to the green but it spun back all the way off the green into the confines of the water hazard fronting the green and made bogey. Needing birdie to tie on 18, he again found water, triple-bogeyed, and finished in a tie for ninth place. Souchak shot a final round 75 on his way to a tie for third.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 21], "section_span": [23, 51], "content_span": [52, 383]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078514-0000-0000", "contents": "1960 U.S. Women's Open\nThe 1960 U.S. Women's Open was the 15th U.S. Women's Open, held July 21\u201323 at Worcester Country Club in Worcester, Massachusetts. It was the eighth conducted by the United States Golf Association (USGA).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [22, 22], "content_span": [23, 226]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078514-0001-0000", "contents": "1960 U.S. Women's Open\nBetsy Rawls won her fourth U.S. Women's Open, a stroke ahead of runner-up Joyce Ziske. Two-time defending champion Mickey Wright led by two strokes after 36 holes on Friday, but a difficult Saturday dropped her to fifth. She entered the championship with an ailing knee. It was the seventh of eight major championships for Rawls.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [22, 22], "content_span": [23, 352]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078514-0002-0000", "contents": "1960 U.S. Women's Open\nThe low amateur was also the youngest competitor: 15-year-old Judy Torluemke (later Rankin) finished at 326 (+38), in 24th place.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [22, 22], "content_span": [23, 152]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078514-0003-0000", "contents": "1960 U.S. Women's Open\nThe championship was held the same week as the PGA Championship, which concluded on Sunday.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [22, 22], "content_span": [23, 114]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078515-0000-0000", "contents": "1960 UC Davis Aggies football team\nThe 1960 UC Davis football team represented the University of California, Davis in the 1960 NCAA College Division football season. UC Davis competed in the Far Western Conference (FWC). The UC Davis sports teams were commonly called the \u201cCal Aggies\u201d from 1924 until the mid 1970s.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [34, 34], "content_span": [35, 315]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078515-0001-0000", "contents": "1960 UC Davis Aggies football team\nThe Aggies were led by fifth-year head coach Will Lotter. They played home games at Aggie Field. The Aggies finished the season winless, with a record of zero wins, eight losses and one tie (0\u20138\u20131, 0\u20135 FWC). They were outscored by their opponents 54\u2013216 for the 1960 season, and scored a touchdown or less in six of their nine games.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [34, 34], "content_span": [35, 368]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078515-0002-0000", "contents": "1960 UC Davis Aggies football team, NFL Draft\nNo UC Davis Aggies players were selected in the 1961 NFL Draft.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [36, 45], "content_span": [46, 109]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078516-0000-0000", "contents": "1960 UC Riverside Highlanders football team\nThe 1960 UC Riverside Highlanders football team represented UC Riverside during the 1960 NCAA College Division football season. The Highlanders competed as an independent in 1960.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 43], "section_span": [43, 43], "content_span": [44, 223]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078516-0001-0000", "contents": "1960 UC Riverside Highlanders football team\nUC Riverside was led by second-year head coach Jim Whitley. They played home games at UCR Athletic Field in Riverside, California. The Highlanders finished the season undefeated, with a record of seven wins, no losses and one tie (7\u20130\u20131). Overall, the team outscored its opponents 144\u201375 for the season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 43], "section_span": [43, 43], "content_span": [44, 347]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078516-0002-0000", "contents": "1960 UC Riverside Highlanders football team, Team players in the NFL\nNo UC Riverside players were selected in the 1961 NFL Draft.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 43], "section_span": [45, 68], "content_span": [69, 129]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078517-0000-0000", "contents": "1960 UC Santa Barbara Gauchos football team\nThe 1960 UC Santa Barbara Gauchos football team represented University of California, Santa Barbara (UCSB) during the 1960 NCAA College Division football season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 43], "section_span": [43, 43], "content_span": [44, 205]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078517-0001-0000", "contents": "1960 UC Santa Barbara Gauchos football team\nUCSB competed in the California Collegiate Athletic Association (CCAA). The team was led by first-year head coach Bill Hammer, and played home games at La Playa Stadium in Santa Barbara, California. They finished the season with a record of two wins five losses and one tie (2\u20135\u20131, 1\u20133 CCAA). A game that had been scheduled to be played vs. Cal Poly was cancelled due to the plane crash involving the Cal Poly football team.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 43], "section_span": [43, 43], "content_span": [44, 468]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078517-0002-0000", "contents": "1960 UC Santa Barbara Gauchos football team, Team players in the NFL\nNo UC Santa Barbara Gaucho players were selected in the 1961 NFL Draft.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 43], "section_span": [45, 68], "content_span": [69, 140]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078518-0000-0000", "contents": "1960 UCI Road World Championships\nThe 1960 UCI Road World Championships took place on 14 August 1960 on the Sachsenring for the two men's races, and in Leipzig for the women's race, in East Germany.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [33, 33], "content_span": [34, 198]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078519-0000-0000", "contents": "1960 UCI Road World Championships \u2013 Men's road race\nThe men's road race at the 1960 UCI Road World Championships was the 27th edition of the event. The race took place on Sunday 14 August 1960 in Hohenstein, East Germany. The race was won by Rik Van Looy of Belgium.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 51], "section_span": [51, 51], "content_span": [52, 266]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078520-0000-0000", "contents": "1960 UCI Track Cycling World Championships\nThe 1960 UCI Track Cycling World Championships were the World Championship for track cycling. They took place in Leipzig and Chemnitz, East Germany from 3 to 14 August 1960. Eight events were contested, 6 for men (3 for professionals, 3 for amateurs) and 2 for women.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 42], "section_span": [42, 42], "content_span": [43, 310]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078521-0000-0000", "contents": "1960 UCLA Bruins football team\nThe 1960 UCLA Bruins football team was an American football team that represented the University of California, Los Angeles during the 1960 NCAA University Division football season. In their third year under head coach Bill Barnes, the Bruins compiled a 7\u20132\u20131 record (2\u20132 conference) and finished in third place in the Athletic Association of Western Universities.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [30, 30], "content_span": [31, 395]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078521-0001-0000", "contents": "1960 UCLA Bruins football team\nUCLA's offensive leaders in 1960 were quarterback Billy Kilmer with 1,086 passing yards each, Kilmer with 803 rushing yards, and Gene Gaines with 258 receiving yards.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [30, 30], "content_span": [31, 197]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078522-0000-0000", "contents": "1960 UEFA European Under-18 Championship\nThe UEFA European Under-18 Championship 1960 Final Tournament was held in Austria.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [40, 40], "content_span": [41, 123]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078523-0000-0000", "contents": "1960 UK & Ireland Greyhound Racing Year\nThe 1960 UK & Ireland Greyhound Racing Year was the 34th year of greyhound racing in the United Kingdom and Ireland.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [39, 39], "content_span": [40, 156]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078523-0001-0000", "contents": "1960 UK & Ireland Greyhound Racing Year, Summary\nThe National Greyhound Racing Club released the 1960 figures for their affiliated tracks, which showed that 14,243,808 paying customers attended 5,736 meetings. The totalisator turnover was \u00a354,188,302 but government tote tax remained at 10% with track deductions remaining at 6%. Turnover and attendances remained stable but one piece of government legislation was about to have a dramatic impact on the industry. The Betting and Gaming Act 1960 was passed on 1 September 1960 and would come into effect four months later, on 1 January 1961.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 48], "content_span": [49, 591]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078523-0002-0000", "contents": "1960 UK & Ireland Greyhound Racing Year, Tracks\nStaines Greyhound Stadium closed, forcing Jack Walsh to open a bookmakers shop in Egham, Surrey, Walsh had been part owner with William Hill of the 1938 English Greyhound Derby winner Lone Keel.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 47], "content_span": [48, 242]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078523-0003-0000", "contents": "1960 UK & Ireland Greyhound Racing Year, Tracks\nGerry Bailey and Jack Carter took over the lease at Rye House Stadium from the Lea Valley Regional Park Authority and immediately began to upgrade the facilities moving the greyhound track to the outside of the speedway track to form a 440-yard circumference. Racing was held on Wednesday and Saturday evenings and an 'Inside Sumner' system and photo finish was installed.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 47], "content_span": [48, 420]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078523-0004-0000", "contents": "1960 UK & Ireland Greyhound Racing Year, Competitions\nMile Bush Pride reappeared after a remarkable 1959 and won the Wembley Spring Cup at his home track Wembley. His sire The Grand Champion was the leading sire in 1960. Scurry Gold Cup champion Gorey Airways ran a creditable second place behind Catch Cold in the Gold Collar at Catford Stadium.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 53], "content_span": [54, 346]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078523-0005-0000", "contents": "1960 UK & Ireland Greyhound Racing Year, Competitions\nSprint champion Gorey Airways then became the first greyhound to successfully defend the Scurry Gold Cup, the Jimmy Jowett trained brindle ran out as easy five and a quarter length winner. The following month the Laurels at Wimbledon Stadium, attracted the usual strong entry and the \u00a31,000 prize went to Dunstown Paddy with Gorey Airways finishing third and Clonalvy Pride fifth. The Derby champion Duleek Dandy broke a hock and could not contest any further races in 1960.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 53], "content_span": [54, 528]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078523-0006-0000", "contents": "1960 UK & Ireland Greyhound Racing Year, Competitions\nThe Cesarewitch at West Ham Stadium was won by the Rostown Genius adding to his Scottish Greyhound Derby crown; Clonalvy Pride did win the Pall Mall Stakes and Select Stakes but finished his year underachieving after finishing fourth in the Cesarewitch final. He had been favourite for three classics and second favourite for the Derby and failed in all four attempts.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 53], "content_span": [54, 422]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078523-0007-0000", "contents": "1960 UK & Ireland Greyhound Racing Year, News\nA kennel block at Rochester Stadium suffered a terrible fire which resulted in the death of 24 greyhounds trained by Reg Morley. Morley and his head lad Mr Morton attempted to rescue them and both suffered injuries, Morley was brought out unconscious. Ken Appleton died and his West Ham Stadium kennels were taken over by his son Kenric Appleton.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 45], "content_span": [46, 392]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078523-0008-0000", "contents": "1960 UK & Ireland Greyhound Racing Year, Ireland\nThe Bord na gCon installed a new totalisator system at four tracks Harolds Cross, Shelbourne Park, Cork and Limerick, in addition to obtaining Clonmel from the Morris family headed by T.A.Morris the former secretary of the Irish Coursing Club.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 48], "content_span": [49, 292]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078523-0009-0000", "contents": "1960 UK & Ireland Greyhound Racing Year, Ireland\nDunmore Stadium in Belfast had sixty bookmakers operating on course, an unusually high amount but tote betting was still illegal in Northern Ireland despite the sport being more popular than in Southern Ireland.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 48], "content_span": [49, 260]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078523-0010-0000", "contents": "1960 UK & Ireland Greyhound Racing Year, Ireland\nDuring the 1960 Irish Greyhound Derby second round action, a puppy called Palms Printer ran on the supporting card and won a graded race in a very fast time. The pup was sold at the Shelbourne Park sales in November and was eventually bought by Paddy McEvoy for \u00a3400. The Irish Derby winner Perrys Apple and two finalists Eccentric Sam and Kilmoney Tulip all found themselves at the Shelbourne sales and surprisingly all three failed to meet their reserves, the champion Perrys Apple only attracted a 750 guineas.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 48], "content_span": [49, 562]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078523-0011-0000", "contents": "1960 UK & Ireland Greyhound Racing Year, Ireland\nThe Irish Derby final was to be a final swansong for the great champion Pigalle Wonder, now aged four and a half years old, he was then retired. He would later become a prominent sire.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 48], "content_span": [49, 233]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078524-0000-0000", "contents": "1960 UMass Redmen football team\nThe 1960 UMass Redmen football team represented the University of Massachusetts Amherst in the 1960 NCAA College Division football season as a member of the Yankee Conference. The team was coached by Chuck Studley and played its home games at Alumni Field in Amherst, Massachusetts. The 1960 season was Studley's first and only as coach of the Minutemen. It was also the team's first as conference champions. UMass finished the season with a record of 7\u20132 overall and 3\u20131 in conference play.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [31, 31], "content_span": [32, 523]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078525-0000-0000", "contents": "1960 USAC Championship Car season\nThe 1960 USAC Championship Car season consisted of 12 races, beginning in Trenton, New Jersey on April 10 and concluding in Phoenix, Arizona on November 20. There were also two non-championship events at Langhorne, Pennsylvania, and Pikes Peak, Colorado. This was the final year that the Indianapolis 500 was a part of the Formula One World Championship. The USAC National Champion was A. J. Foyt and the Indianapolis 500 winner was Jim Rathmann. Three time USAC/AAA National Champion (1954, 1956, 1957), and 1958 Indianapolis 500 winner Jimmy Bryan, was killed in an accident during the Langhorne 100 at Langhorne Speedway; he was 34 years old.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [33, 33], "content_span": [34, 679]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078526-0000-0000", "contents": "1960 USAC Road Racing Championship\nThe 1960 USAC Road Racing Championship season was the third season of the USAC Road Racing Championship. It began April 3rd, 1960, and ended October 23rd, 1960, after five races. Carroll Shelby won the season championship.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [34, 34], "content_span": [35, 257]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078527-0000-0000", "contents": "1960 USC Trojans baseball team\nThe 1960 USC Trojans baseball team represented the University of Southern California in the 1960 NCAA University Division baseball season. The Trojans played their home games at Bovard Field. The team was coached by Rod Dedeaux in his 19th season at USC.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [30, 30], "content_span": [31, 285]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078527-0001-0000", "contents": "1960 USC Trojans baseball team\nThe Trojans lost the College World Series, defeated by the Minnesota Golden Gophers in the championship game.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [30, 30], "content_span": [31, 140]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078528-0000-0000", "contents": "1960 USC Trojans football team\nThe 1960 USC Trojans football team represented the University of Southern California (USC) in the 1960 NCAA University Division football season. In their first year under head coach John McKay, the Trojans compiled a 4\u20136 record (3\u20131 against conference opponents), finished in second place in the Athletic Association of Western Universities, and were outscored by their opponents by a combined total of 152 to 95.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [30, 30], "content_span": [31, 444]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078528-0001-0000", "contents": "1960 USC Trojans football team\nBill Nelsen led the team in passing with 29 of 72 passes completed for 446 yards, three touchdowns and three interceptions. Marlin McKeever was the leading receiver with 15 catches for 218 yards. Hal Tobin was the leading rusher with 318 yard on 61 carries.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [30, 30], "content_span": [31, 288]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078529-0000-0000", "contents": "1960 USSR Chess Championship\nThe 1960 Soviet Chess Championship was the 27th edition of USSR Chess Championship. Held from 26 January to 27 February 1960 in Leningrad. The tournament was won by Viktor Korchnoi. The final were preceded by semifinals events at Cheliabinsk, Tallinn e Yerevan. Mikhail Tal was missing, preparing for his world title match against Botvinnik. Paul Keres was in Cuba as part of a cultural delegation from Estonia.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [28, 28], "content_span": [29, 440]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078529-0001-0000", "contents": "1960 USSR Chess Championship, Table and results\nMikhail Tal was missing, preparing for his world title match against Botvinnik. Paul Keres was in Cuba as part of a cultural delegation from Estonia. Spassky was in a moment of creative experimentation and got a bad place in the championship. He at this time was trying to play in a less academic style. As a result of his recent training period with Alexander Tolush, he often sacrificed material. The crowning moment for this attacking approach came in his winning against David Bronstein in the 16th round in a King's Gambit.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 47], "content_span": [48, 576]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078529-0002-0000", "contents": "1960 USSR Chess Championship, Table and results\nAfter 15 rounds the leaders were Petrosian and Korchnoi with 11 points, Geller 10\u00bd and Polugayevsky, Taimanov and Krogius 9. In the 16th round both leaders suffered. Petrosian had been unwell and lost to Averbakh. Korchnoi had a promising position against Bagirov, but in a crucial position where he should have played Bc3xRe1, with good chances, he unaccountably touched his a6 bishop, intending to make the capture with it on el. Naturally, he resigned on the spot. It was one of the most incredible mistakes of his career, and so Korchnoi described the move:", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 47], "content_span": [48, 609]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078529-0003-0000", "contents": "1960 USSR Chess Championship, Table and results\nMy opponent had just taken of my rooks, and I was considering my reply. ' First', I thought, 'I'll take his rook with my bishop, on the next move I'll move my other bishop'. The two bishops stood side by side, and I picked up the wrong one, the one that was attacking nothing. Without completing the move, I left the hall, leaving a thousand fans, who were tensely following my game, in a state of bewilderment, which shortly turned to grief.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 47], "content_span": [48, 490]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078529-0004-0000", "contents": "1960 USSR Chess Championship, Table and results\nSuch a blunder would have shattered a lesser man, but Korchnoi came back. He beat Krogius in the next round. The decisive game was an Alekhine's Defence in the 18th round encounter against Geller. Korchnoi with black pieces deferred development of his knight to c6, and outplayed Geller in complications to score a priceless victory.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 47], "content_span": [48, 381]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078530-0000-0000", "contents": "1960 Uber Cup\nThe 1960 Uber Cup, held during the 1959-1960 badminton season, was the second edition of the women's international badminton championship. The ties (sets of matches) between zone winning nations took place in April 1960. Having won the previous tournament in 1957, the United States hosted the final round in Philadelphia.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 13], "section_span": [13, 13], "content_span": [14, 336]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078530-0001-0000", "contents": "1960 Uber Cup\nIn a repeat of the 1957 Uber Cup final, the United States were victorious over Denmark with Judy Devlin again victorious in all three of her matches.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 13], "section_span": [13, 13], "content_span": [14, 163]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078530-0002-0000", "contents": "1960 Uber Cup, Teams\nAs defending champion, United States skip through to the final.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 13], "section_span": [15, 20], "content_span": [21, 84]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078531-0000-0000", "contents": "1960 Ukrainian Class B\nThe 1960 Football Championship of Ukrainian SSR (Class B) was the 30th season of association football competition of the Ukrainian SSR, which was part of the Ukrainian Class B. It was the eleventh in the Soviet Class B.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [22, 22], "content_span": [23, 242]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078531-0001-0000", "contents": "1960 Ukrainian Class B\nThe 1960 Football Championship of Ukrainian SSR (Class B) was won by FC Metalurh Zaporizhia.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [22, 22], "content_span": [23, 115]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078531-0002-0000", "contents": "1960 Ukrainian Class B, Format\nIn 1960 Class B football competitions were reorganized. Ukrainian teams of the 1959 Soviet Class B were filtered into a separate republican Class B football competitions that were administered by the Ukrainian sports organization (federation). The new competition obtained already existing member-clubs of the Class B that are based in Ukraine and almost the same number of clubs were added from regular republican competitions as part of expansion.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [24, 30], "content_span": [31, 480]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078531-0003-0000", "contents": "1960 Ukrainian Class B, Format\nList of grandfathered clubs included 25 teams of masters, FC Sudnobudivnyk Mykolaiv (formerly Avanhard), FC Metalurh Dnipropetrovsk, FC Metalurh Zaporizhia, FC Spartak Kherson, FC Khimik Dniprodzerzhynsk, FC Kolhospnyk Cherkasy, FC Arsenal Kyiv, FC Zirka Kirovohrad, FC Polissya Zhytomyr (formerly Avanhard), FC Avanhard Kryvyi Rih (formerly Kryvyi Rih), FC Kolhospnyk Poltava, FC Lokomotyv Vinnytsia, SKA Odessa (formerly SKVO), FC Chornomorets Odesa, SKA Lviv (formerly SKVO), FC Spartak Uzhhorod, FC Kolhospnyk Rivno, SKCF Sevastopol, FC Avanhard Simferopol, FC Spartak Stanislav, FC Avanhard Ternopil, FC Trudovi Rezervy Luhansk, FC Lokomotyv Stalino, FC Shakhtar Kadiivka, and FC Shakhtar Horlivka. Some teams of masters had own amateur squad with the same names competing at republican competitions among which were SKA Odessa, Avanhard Mykolaiv and others.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [24, 30], "content_span": [31, 894]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078531-0004-0000", "contents": "1960 Ukrainian Class B, Format\nThey were joined by 11 more teams that obtained the teams of masters status, among which were newly created clubs FC Desna Chernihiv, FC Dynamo Khmelnytskyi, and FC Volyn Lutsk as well as already existing clubs FC Avanhard Chernivtsi, FC Avanhard Zhdanov, FC Naftovyk Drohobych, FC Avanhard Zhovti Vody, FC Khimik Severodonetsk, FC Avanhard Sumy, FC Avanhard Kramatorsk, and FC Torpedo Kharkiv.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [24, 30], "content_span": [31, 425]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078532-0000-0000", "contents": "1960 Ulster Grand Prix\nThe 1960 Ulster Grand Prix was the sixth round of the 1960 Grand Prix motorcycle racing season. It took place on 6 August 1960 at the Dundrod Circuit.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [22, 22], "content_span": [23, 173]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078533-0000-0000", "contents": "1960 United States Grand Prix\nThe 1960 United States Grand Prix was a Formula One motor race held on November 20, 1960, at Riverside International Raceway in Riverside, California. It was race 10 of 10 in the 1960 World Championship of Drivers and race 9 of 9 in the 1960 International Cup for Formula One Manufacturers.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [29, 29], "content_span": [30, 320]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078533-0001-0000", "contents": "1960 United States Grand Prix, Summary\nFor whatever reason (unfamiliarity of the fans with open-wheeled cars and European drivers; media disapproval of Eastern promoters; lack of an ongoing championship battle), promoter Alec Ulmann had no more success drumming up support for the 1960 United States Grand Prix at Riverside International Raceway in California than he had the year before in Sebring, Florida.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 38], "content_span": [39, 408]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078533-0002-0000", "contents": "1960 United States Grand Prix, Summary\nSet in the desert near the Box Spring Mountain complex east of Los Angeles, the Riverside track featured a particularly demanding uphill esses section, just past the start-finish line. Riverside resident and local hero Dan Gurney headed the field as the natural favorite of the crowd, which numbered only about 25,000. Jack Brabham, who had already clinched his second consecutive World Championship a few weeks prior in Portugal, was back with teammate Bruce McLaren in the factory Cooper-Climaxes. Team Lotus had cars for Jim Clark, Innes Ireland and John Surtees, while Rob Walker entered a Scottish blue Lotus for Stirling Moss. BRM had three mid-engined P48s for Jo Bonnier, Graham Hill and Gurney.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 38], "content_span": [39, 742]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078533-0003-0000", "contents": "1960 United States Grand Prix, Summary\nWith the Championship chase over, Enzo Ferrari decided to keep his cars at home, believing his time and money would be better spent preparing for the new 1.5-liter Formula for 1961. The team's drivers, Phil Hill and Wolfgang von Trips, however, were allowed to enter the race with other teams. Hill particularly wanted to protect his third-place position in the Championship behind Cooper teammates Brabham and McLaren.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 38], "content_span": [39, 458]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078533-0004-0000", "contents": "1960 United States Grand Prix, Summary\nMoss won the pole battle, well ahead of Brabham and Gurney, who completed the front row. Phil Hill was astonished at the \"incredible\" difference in handling between the year-old, rear-engined green and red Cooper he was given for the race and the Monza winning Dino Ferrari he had been driving all season, but he managed to put it only thirteenth on the grid.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 38], "content_span": [39, 398]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078533-0005-0000", "contents": "1960 United States Grand Prix, Summary\nOn his way to the track in nearly perfect weather on Sunday morning, race promoter Ulmann realized that, indeed, he had bitten the hand that might have fed him. Following the rousing success of the Los Angeles Times-sponsored Sports Car Grand Prix that summer, where a crowd of 70,000 packed RIR, Ulmann said plainly that a genuine Formula One Grand Prix would surely do even better, since the Times race wasn't really a Grand Prix at all!", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 38], "content_span": [39, 478]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078533-0006-0000", "contents": "1960 United States Grand Prix, Summary\nUlmann's words angered Times publisher Otis Chandler, and only Ulmann was surprised when the biggest daily paper in Los Angeles and most of the local media completely ignored the event.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 38], "content_span": [39, 224]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078533-0007-0000", "contents": "1960 United States Grand Prix, Summary\nThe small crowd of Riverside veterans who were on hand for the race, however, were stunned by the spectacle of the F1 cars. As Brabham took the early lead into Turn One, ahead of Gurney and Moss, the Riverside radio and PA announcer could only call their names and utter, \"Wow.\" The Coopers of Phil Hill and Olivier Gendebien stalled on the grid, but were restarted and got under way. On lap 4, Surtees spun his Lotus in front of teammate Jim Clark, putting himself out, and causing the nosecone from his car to be used to replace the now-shattered one on Clark's.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 38], "content_span": [39, 603]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078533-0008-0000", "contents": "1960 United States Grand Prix, Summary\nStill leading, Brabham paid the price for over-reacting to last year's sputtering last lap at Sebring. Not wanting to run out of fuel again, he had overfilled his tanks, and excess fuel was spilling and being ignited by the heat of his exhaust. Two stops failed to find the source of the problem, or to assuage Brabham's concern over the noises and flames erupting from the back of the car.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 38], "content_span": [39, 429]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078533-0009-0000", "contents": "1960 United States Grand Prix, Summary\nThe Australian's troubles left Moss well in front, and when Gurney's BRM blew a core plug, Moss' teammate Bonnier took second, ahead of Ireland, Graham Hill and Texan Jim Hall, driving his first Grand Prix. Just before halfway through the 75-lap race, Graham Hill retired with a broken gearbox, and Bonnier began to drop back when a broken valve spring caused a misfire. Brabham had been charging up through the field since his pit stops, however, and eventually finished a battling fourth, behind teammate McLaren. Phil Hill ran fifth in the unfamiliar Cooper until a spin dropped him behind Bonnier, who got his ailing BRM home for two points.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 38], "content_span": [39, 684]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078533-0010-0000", "contents": "1960 United States Grand Prix, Summary\nMoss won the last race of the two-and-a-half liter era going away, and grabbed third in the Championship for the second year in a row. It was his fourteenth victory under the outgoing regulations, one less than five-time World Champion Juan Manuel Fangio.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 38], "content_span": [39, 294]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078533-0011-0000", "contents": "1960 United States Grand Prix, Summary\nHaving failed to realize his dream for Formula One in the US a second time, Ulmann  nobly used his own money to pay prize and appearance fees. Winner Moss got a check for $7,500, a staggering amount for the time, and while suppliers had to wait a few months for theirs, they received every penny. Happily, the following year would see the United States Grand Prix finally settle into a regular home, with a loyal and appreciative crowd in Watkins Glen, New York. But a Formula One race would eventually return to California. In 1976, the United States Grand Prix West would come to Long Beach, only 60 miles away.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 38], "content_span": [39, 652]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078534-0000-0000", "contents": "1960 United States House of Representatives election in Puerto Rico\nThe election for Resident Commissioner to the United States House of Representatives took place on November 8, 1960, the same day as the larger Puerto Rican general election and the United States elections, 1960.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 67], "section_span": [67, 67], "content_span": [68, 280]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078535-0000-0000", "contents": "1960 United States House of Representatives elections\nThe 1960 United States House of Representatives elections was an election for the United States House of Representatives in 1960, which coincided with the election of President John F. Kennedy and was the first house election to feature all 50 current U.S. states.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 53], "section_span": [53, 53], "content_span": [54, 318]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078535-0001-0000", "contents": "1960 United States House of Representatives elections\nThere were 437 seats, the most in U.S. history: 435 from the reapportionment in accordance with the 1950 census, and one seat for each of the new states of Alaska and Hawaii.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 53], "section_span": [53, 53], "content_span": [54, 228]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078535-0002-0000", "contents": "1960 United States House of Representatives elections\nAlthough Democrats retained control, it was the first time since 1908 that an incoming president's party lost seats in the House, which would not happen again until 1988.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 53], "section_span": [53, 53], "content_span": [54, 224]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078535-0003-0000", "contents": "1960 United States House of Representatives elections, Special elections\nIn these special elections, the winner was seated during 1960 or before January 3, 1961; ordered by election date, then state, then district.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 53], "section_span": [55, 72], "content_span": [73, 214]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078536-0000-0000", "contents": "1960 United States House of Representatives elections in California\nThe United States House of Representatives elections in California, 1960 was an election for California's delegation to the United States House of Representatives, which occurred as part of the general election of the House of Representatives on November 8, 1960. Democrats and Republicans each swapped a seat, leaving the balance at 16 Democrats and 14 Republicans.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 67], "section_span": [67, 67], "content_span": [68, 434]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078536-0001-0000", "contents": "1960 United States House of Representatives elections in California, Results\nFinal results from the Clerk of the House of Representatives:", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 67], "section_span": [69, 76], "content_span": [77, 138]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078537-0000-0000", "contents": "1960 United States House of Representatives elections in South Carolina\nThe 1960 United States House of Representatives elections in South Carolina were held on November 8, 1960 to select six Representatives for two-year terms from the state of South Carolina. All six incumbents were re-elected without opposition and the composition of the state delegation remained solely Democratic.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 71], "section_span": [71, 71], "content_span": [72, 386]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078537-0001-0000", "contents": "1960 United States House of Representatives elections in South Carolina, 1st congressional district\nIncumbent Democratic Congressman L. Mendel Rivers of the 1st congressional district, in office since 1941, was unopposed in his bid for re-election.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 71], "section_span": [73, 99], "content_span": [100, 248]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078537-0002-0000", "contents": "1960 United States House of Representatives elections in South Carolina, 2nd congressional district\nIncumbent Democratic Congressman John J. Riley of the 2nd congressional district, in office since 1951, was unopposed in his bid for re-election.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 71], "section_span": [73, 99], "content_span": [100, 245]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078537-0003-0000", "contents": "1960 United States House of Representatives elections in South Carolina, 3rd congressional district\nIncumbent Democratic Congressman William Jennings Bryan Dorn of the 3rd congressional district, in office since 1951, was unopposed in his bid for re-election.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 71], "section_span": [73, 99], "content_span": [100, 259]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078537-0004-0000", "contents": "1960 United States House of Representatives elections in South Carolina, 4th congressional district\nIncumbent Democratic Congressman Robert T. Ashmore of the 4th congressional district, in office since 1953, was unopposed in his bid for re-election.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 71], "section_span": [73, 99], "content_span": [100, 249]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078537-0005-0000", "contents": "1960 United States House of Representatives elections in South Carolina, 5th congressional district\nIncumbent Democratic Congressman Robert W. Hemphill of the 5th congressional district, in office since 1957, was unopposed in his bid for re-election.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 71], "section_span": [73, 99], "content_span": [100, 250]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078537-0006-0000", "contents": "1960 United States House of Representatives elections in South Carolina, 6th congressional district\nIncumbent Democratic Congressman John L. McMillan of the 6th congressional district, in office since 1939, was unopposed in his bid for re-election.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 71], "section_span": [73, 99], "content_span": [100, 248]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078538-0000-0000", "contents": "1960 United States House of Representatives elections in Virginia\nThe 1960 United States House of Representatives elections in Virginia were held on November 8, 1960 to determine who will represent the Commonwealth of Virginia in the United States House of Representatives. Virginia had ten seats in the House, apportioned according to the 1950 United States Census. Representatives are elected for two-year terms.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 65], "section_span": [65, 65], "content_span": [66, 414]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078540-0000-0000", "contents": "1960 United States Olympic Trials (track and field)\nThe men's 1960 United States Olympic Trials for track and field for men were held at the Stanford Stadium at Stanford University in California, between July 1-2. The 20 kilometer walk trials were held in Baltimore, Maryland, on July 17, and the 50 kilometer walk trials were held on July 3 in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. Two marathon trials were held between two races, the AAU National Championships in Yonkers, New York, on May 22 and the Boston Marathon in Boston, Massachusetts, on April 19. As it turned out, the three selectees were the top 3 at Yonkers, but that is because Gordon McKenzie was also the first American finisher at Boston.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 51], "section_span": [51, 51], "content_span": [52, 694]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078540-0001-0000", "contents": "1960 United States Olympic Trials (track and field)\nThe 10,000 meters was held during a heat wave in Bakersfield, California on July 24-25. Because of the temperatures, still 80\u00b0F at midnight, the race began at 11:58 p.m. on the 24th so the bulk of the race took place technically on the 25th. Several international athletes were allowed to participate in hopes of drawing the Americans to fast times, but the heat dashed those plans.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 51], "section_span": [51, 51], "content_span": [52, 434]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078540-0002-0000", "contents": "1960 United States Olympic Trials (track and field)\nThe decathlon was held a week after the trials, allowing athletes to make attempts at individual events. Rafer Johnson threw the javelin, Bob Gutowski tried to qualify in the pole vault, and Mike Herman attempted the long jump. While Herman failed to get a legal attempt in the long jump, a week later his World Decathlon Best 26'3\" would have chased Ralph Boston and certainly would have been good enough to qualify. American resident, but Taiwanese citizen C. K. Yang was allowed to participate in the decathlon, where he pushed his college teammate Rafer Johnson to the world record, but his performance did not displace the American athletes in the trials. The process was organized by the AAU.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 51], "section_span": [51, 51], "content_span": [52, 750]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078540-0003-0000", "contents": "1960 United States Olympic Trials (track and field)\nThe Women's Olympic Trials were held separately in Abilene, Texas between July 15-6.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 51], "section_span": [51, 51], "content_span": [52, 136]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078541-0000-0000", "contents": "1960 United States Senate election in Alabama\nThe 1960 United States Senate election in Alabama was held on November 8, 1960.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 45], "section_span": [45, 45], "content_span": [46, 125]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078541-0001-0000", "contents": "1960 United States Senate election in Alabama\nIncumbent Senator John Sparkman was re-elected to a third term in office over Republican Julian Elgin.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 45], "section_span": [45, 45], "content_span": [46, 148]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078542-0000-0000", "contents": "1960 United States Senate election in Alaska\nThe 1960 United States Senate election in Alaska was held on November 8, 1960. Incumbent Democratic U.S. Senator Bob Bartlett was re-elected to a full term in office, defeating Republican dentist Lee McKinley.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [44, 44], "content_span": [45, 254]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078543-0000-0000", "contents": "1960 United States Senate election in Arkansas\nThe 1960 United States Senate election in Arkansas took place on November 8, 1960. Incumbent Democratic U.S. Senator John L. McClellan was re-elected to a fourth term in office.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 46], "section_span": [46, 46], "content_span": [47, 224]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078543-0001-0000", "contents": "1960 United States Senate election in Arkansas\nBecause McClellan faced only token in the general election, his victory in the July 26 primary was tantamount to election. McClellan was also unopposed in the primary.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 46], "section_span": [46, 46], "content_span": [47, 214]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078543-0002-0000", "contents": "1960 United States Senate election in Arkansas, Democratic primary\nThe Democratic primary election was held on July 26, 1960.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 46], "section_span": [48, 66], "content_span": [67, 125]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078543-0003-0000", "contents": "1960 United States Senate election in Arkansas, Bibliography\nThis Arkansas elections-related article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by .", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 46], "section_span": [48, 60], "content_span": [61, 139]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078544-0000-0000", "contents": "1960 United States Senate election in Colorado\nThe 1960 United States Senate election in Colorado took place on November 8, 1960. Incumbent Republican Senator Gordon Allott was re-elected to a second term in office, defeating Democratic Lieutenant Governor Robert Lee Knous.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 46], "section_span": [46, 46], "content_span": [47, 274]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078545-0000-0000", "contents": "1960 United States Senate election in Delaware\nThe 1960 United States Senate election in Delaware took place on November 8, 1960. Incumbent Democratic U.S. Senator J. Allen Frear Jr. ran for re-election to a third term in office, but was narrowly defeated by Republican Governor of Delaware J. Caleb Boggs.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 46], "section_span": [46, 46], "content_span": [47, 306]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078546-0000-0000", "contents": "1960 United States Senate election in Georgia\nThe 1960 United States Senate election in Georgia took place on November 8, 1960. Incumbent Democratic U.S. Senator Richard Russell Jr. was re-elected to a fifth term in office.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 45], "section_span": [45, 45], "content_span": [46, 223]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078546-0001-0000", "contents": "1960 United States Senate election in Georgia\nAs was common at the time, the Democratic candidate ran with no opposition in the general election so therefore the Democratic primary was the real contest, and winning the primary was considered tantamount to election.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 45], "section_span": [45, 45], "content_span": [46, 265]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078546-0002-0000", "contents": "1960 United States Senate election in Georgia, Democratic primary\nThe Democratic primary election was held on September 14, 1960. As Russell was unopposed, there was no run-off.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 45], "section_span": [47, 65], "content_span": [66, 177]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078546-0003-0000", "contents": "1960 United States Senate election in Georgia, Democratic primary, County unit system\nFrom 1917 until 1962, the Democratic Party in the U.S. state of Georgia used a voting system called the county unit system to determine victors in statewide primary elections.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 45], "section_span": [47, 85], "content_span": [86, 261]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078546-0004-0000", "contents": "1960 United States Senate election in Georgia, Democratic primary, County unit system\nThe system was ostensibly designed to function similarly to the Electoral College, but in practice the large ratio of unit votes for small, rural counties to unit votes for more populous urban areas provided outsized political influence to the smaller counties.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 45], "section_span": [47, 85], "content_span": [86, 347]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078546-0005-0000", "contents": "1960 United States Senate election in Georgia, Democratic primary, County unit system\nUnder the county unit system, the 159 counties in Georgia were divided by population into three categories. The largest eight counties were classified as \"Urban\", the next-largest 30 counties were classified as \"Town\", and the remaining 121 counties were classified as \"Rural\". Urban counties were given 6 unit votes, Town counties were given 4 unit votes, and Rural counties were given 2 unit votes, for a total of 410 available unit votes. Each county's unit votes were awarded on a winner-take-all basis.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 45], "section_span": [47, 85], "content_span": [86, 593]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078546-0006-0000", "contents": "1960 United States Senate election in Georgia, Democratic primary, County unit system\nCandidates were required to obtain a majority of unit votes (not necessarily a majority of the popular vote), or 206 total unit votes, to win the election. If no candidate received a majority in the initial primary, a runoff election was held between the top two candidates to determine a winner.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 45], "section_span": [47, 85], "content_span": [86, 382]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078546-0007-0000", "contents": "1960 United States Senate election in Georgia, Bibliography\nThis Georgia elections-related article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by .", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 45], "section_span": [47, 59], "content_span": [60, 137]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078547-0000-0000", "contents": "1960 United States Senate election in Illinois\nThe 1960 United States Senate election in Illinois took place on November 8, 1960. Incumbent Democratic United States Senator Paul Douglas was reelected to a third term.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 46], "section_span": [46, 46], "content_span": [47, 216]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078547-0001-0000", "contents": "1960 United States Senate election in Illinois, Election information\nThe primary (held on April 12) and general election coincided with those for other federal offices (President and House) and those for state elections.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 46], "section_span": [48, 68], "content_span": [69, 220]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078547-0002-0000", "contents": "1960 United States Senate election in Illinois, Election information, Turnout\nTurnout in the primaries was 32.98%, with a total of 1,678,954 votes cast.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 46], "section_span": [48, 77], "content_span": [78, 152]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078547-0003-0000", "contents": "1960 United States Senate election in Illinois, Election information, Turnout\nTurnout during the general election was 84.24%, with 4,632,796 votes cast.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 46], "section_span": [48, 77], "content_span": [78, 152]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078547-0004-0000", "contents": "1960 United States Senate election in Illinois, Republican primary\nSamuel W. Witwer won a crowded Republican primary. Witwer was an attorney known for his work on both state and federal constitutional reforms.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 46], "section_span": [48, 66], "content_span": [67, 209]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078548-0000-0000", "contents": "1960 United States Senate election in Iowa\nThe 1960 United States Senate election in Iowa took place on November 8, 1960. Incumbent Republican Senator Thomas E. Martin did not run for re-election to a second term. Jack Miller won the open seat by defeating Democratic Governor Herschel Loveless.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 42], "section_span": [42, 42], "content_span": [43, 295]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078549-0000-0000", "contents": "1960 United States Senate election in Kentucky\nThe 1960 United States Senate election in Kentucky took place on November 6, 1960. Incumbent Republican Senator John Sherman Cooper, who won a 1956 special election to fill the vacant seat of Alben Barkley, was elected to a full term in office, defeating Democratic former Governor and Undersecretary of Labor Keen Johnson.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 46], "section_span": [46, 46], "content_span": [47, 370]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078550-0000-0000", "contents": "1960 United States Senate election in Maine\nThe 1960 United States Senate election in Maine was held on November 8, 1960. Incumbent Republican U.S. Senator Margaret Chase Smith was re-elected to a fourth term over Democratic State Senator Lucia Cormier.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 43], "section_span": [43, 43], "content_span": [44, 253]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078550-0001-0000", "contents": "1960 United States Senate election in Maine\nThis was the first election in U.S. Senate history in which all candidates or all major-party candidates were women.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 43], "section_span": [43, 43], "content_span": [44, 160]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078551-0000-0000", "contents": "1960 United States Senate election in Massachusetts\nThe United States Senate election of 1960 in Massachusetts was held on November 8, 1960 with Republican Incumbent Leverett Saltonstall defeating his challengers.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 51], "section_span": [51, 51], "content_span": [52, 213]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078551-0001-0000", "contents": "1960 United States Senate election in Massachusetts, Democratic primary, Campaign\nGovernor Foster Furcolo, who lost to Saltonstall in 1954, decided to run against him again in 1960.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 51], "section_span": [53, 81], "content_span": [82, 181]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078551-0002-0000", "contents": "1960 United States Senate election in Massachusetts, Democratic primary, Campaign\nOn June 15, 1960, Springfield Mayor Thomas J. O'Connor announced he would challenge Furcolo for the Democratic nomination. O'Connor received support from Democrats who were opposed to Furcolo's effort to enact a state sales tax. Edmund Dinis, District Attorney for the southern district, was briefly in the race, but dropped at the party convention to support O'Connor. In a show of unity, Furcolo was nominated at the convention by Massachusetts Senate President and political foe John E. Powers. Furcolo defeated O'Connor by a 3 to 1 margin at the Democratic State Convention, but O'Connor decided to remain in the race. In the primary, O'Connor upset Furcolo 48% to 39% with Southern Middlesex County Register of Deeds Edmund C. Buckley received the remaining 13%. O'Connor was able to sweep the western part of the state and top Furcolo by 10,000 in Boston.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 51], "section_span": [53, 81], "content_span": [82, 943]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078551-0003-0000", "contents": "1960 United States Senate election in Massachusetts, General election, Campaign\nDuring the general election, O'Connor contrasted his youth to Saltonstall's age, calling him \"yesterday's senator\" and \"The Late George Apley of Massachusetts politics\". O'Connor also attacked the senator for \"fail[ing] to act for the working man\" and for helping \"big business brigands\" destroy the state's textile industry.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 51], "section_span": [53, 79], "content_span": [80, 405]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078551-0004-0000", "contents": "1960 United States Senate election in Massachusetts, General election, Campaign\nSaltonstall ran on his long record of public service. He criticized O'Connor for stating that he would consider continue serving as Springfield mayor if elected to the Senate, arguing that Americans need \"not part-time leadership but full leadership\".", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 51], "section_span": [53, 79], "content_span": [80, 331]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078551-0005-0000", "contents": "1960 United States Senate election in Massachusetts, General election, Campaign\nSaltonstall also criticized O'Connor's campaign for lacking substance. After refusing to debate O'Connor, Saltonstall stated \"If my opponent would express his opinions of some of the vital national and international issues, I would then consider whether I would debate on these subjects or not\".", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 51], "section_span": [53, 79], "content_span": [80, 375]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078551-0006-0000", "contents": "1960 United States Senate election in Massachusetts, General election, Results\nSaltonstall defeated O'Connor 1,358,556 votes to 1,050,725 to hold on to his Senate seat.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 51], "section_span": [53, 78], "content_span": [79, 168]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078552-0000-0000", "contents": "1960 United States Senate election in Michigan\nThe 1960 United States Senate election in Michigan was held on November 8, 1960. Incumbent Democratic U.S. Senator was re-elected to a second term in office, defeating U.S. Representative Alvin M. Bentley.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 46], "section_span": [46, 46], "content_span": [47, 252]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078553-0000-0000", "contents": "1960 United States Senate election in Minnesota\nThe 1960 United States Senate election in Minnesota took place on November 8, 1960. Incumbent Democratic U.S. Senator Hubert H. Humphrey defeated Republican Minneapolis Mayor P. Kenneth Peterson, to win a third term.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 47], "section_span": [47, 47], "content_span": [48, 264]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078554-0000-0000", "contents": "1960 United States Senate election in Mississippi\nThe 1960 United States Senate election in Mississippi was held on November 8, 1960.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 49], "section_span": [49, 49], "content_span": [50, 133]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078554-0001-0000", "contents": "1960 United States Senate election in Mississippi\nIncumbent Senator James Eastland was re-elected to a fourth term in office against nominal opposition. The primary race attracted little attention and as was typical of elections in the South at this time, the general election was a foregone conclusion in favor of the Democratic candidate, Eastland.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 49], "section_span": [49, 49], "content_span": [50, 350]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078555-0000-0000", "contents": "1960 United States Senate election in Montana\nThe 1960 United States Senate election in Montana took place on November 8, 1960. Incumbent United States Senator James E. Murray, who was first elected to the Senate in a special election in 1934 and was re-elected in 1936, 1942, and 1948, and 1954, declined to seek re-election, creating an open seat. United States Congressman Lee Metcalf won out in a crowded Democratic primary and faced off against former United States Congressman Orvin B. Fjare, who won in a similarly-crowded Republican primary. Following a close general election, Metcalf narrowly defeated Fjare to win his first term in the Senate.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 45], "section_span": [45, 45], "content_span": [46, 654]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078556-0000-0000", "contents": "1960 United States Senate election in Nebraska\nThe 1960 United States Senate election in Nebraska took place on November 8, 1960. The incumbent Republican Senator, Carl Curtis, was re-elected by a smaller margin than 1954. He defeated Democratic candidate Robert B. Conrad. His victory underperformed Richard Nixon, the Republican presidential nominee, who won Nebraska by 24% in the presidential election.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 46], "section_span": [46, 46], "content_span": [47, 406]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078556-0001-0000", "contents": "1960 United States Senate election in Nebraska, Democratic primary, Replacement of Brooks\nThe winner of the Democratic primary, Ralph G. Brooks, died on September 9, 1960. He was replaced on the ballot by Robert B. Conrad, Brooks's administrative assistant.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 46], "section_span": [48, 89], "content_span": [90, 257]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078557-0000-0000", "contents": "1960 United States Senate election in New Jersey\nThe 1960 United States Senate election in New Jersey was held on November 8, 1960. Incumbent Republican Clifford P. Case defeated Democratic nominee Thorn Lord with 55.69% of the vote.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 48], "section_span": [48, 48], "content_span": [49, 233]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078558-0000-0000", "contents": "1960 United States Senate election in North Carolina\nThe 1960 United States Senate election in North Carolina was held on November 8, 1960. Incumbent Democratic Senator B. Everett Jordan was re-elected to a full term in office, defeating Republican Wilkes County attorney R. Kyle Hayes.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 52], "section_span": [52, 52], "content_span": [53, 286]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078558-0001-0000", "contents": "1960 United States Senate election in North Carolina\nThe simultaneous victories of Jordan, gubernatorial nominee Terry Sanford and presidential nominee John F. Kennedy marked the last time Democrats won all three top contests in North Carolina on the same day until 2008.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 52], "section_span": [52, 52], "content_span": [53, 271]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078559-0000-0000", "contents": "1960 United States Senate election in Oklahoma\nThe 1960 United States Senate election in Oklahoma took place on November 8, 1960. Incumbent Democratic Senator Robert S. Kerr ran for re-election to a third term. He won the Democratic primary in a landslide and then faced former U.S. Attorney B. Hayden Crawford, the Republican nominee, in the general election. Even as Vice President Richard Nixon was winning Oklahoma in a landslide over John F. Kennedy, Kerr was able to defeat Crawford by a wide margin, winning his third term. However, Kerr died just shy of two years into his third term, on January 1, 1963. He was replaced by Governor J. Howard Edmondson in the Senate and a special election was held in 1964.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 46], "section_span": [46, 46], "content_span": [47, 715]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078560-0000-0000", "contents": "1960 United States Senate election in South Carolina\nThe 1960 South Carolina United States Senate election was held on November 8, 1960 to select the U.S. Senator from the state of South Carolina. Popular incumbent Democratic Senator Strom Thurmond easily won the Democratic primary and was unopposed in the general election.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 52], "section_span": [52, 52], "content_span": [53, 325]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078560-0001-0000", "contents": "1960 United States Senate election in South Carolina\nThis was Thurmond's last Senate race in which he ran as a Democrat. Four years later, he switched his affiliation to the Republican Party in opposition to the Democrats' support for the Civil Rights Act of 1964. In his next reelection bid for the Senate, he ran as a Republican. As of 2021, this is also the last time the Democrats won South Carolina's Class 2 Senate seat.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 52], "section_span": [52, 52], "content_span": [53, 426]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078560-0002-0000", "contents": "1960 United States Senate election in South Carolina, Democratic primary, Campaign\nHerbert argued that Thurmond's means of opposing the civil rights legislation in the 1950s was unconstructive and instead if he were in the Senate he would express to the country how the blacks were benefited by white rule. Herbert's campaign was little more than token opposition as Thurmond racked up a huge victory and won another term because he did not have an opponent in the general election.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 52], "section_span": [54, 82], "content_span": [83, 482]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078561-0000-0000", "contents": "1960 United States Senate election in South Dakota\nThe 1960 United States Senate election in South Dakota took place on November 8, 1960. Incumbent Republican Senator Karl E. Mundt ran for re-election to his third term. He was challenged by Congressman George McGovern. Both Mundt and McGovern won their respective primaries unopposed and the long-awaited campaign between the two began. Despite the landslide victory for Vice-President Richard M. Nixon over John F. Kennedy, the race between Mundt and McGovern was quite close. However, the headwinds proved impossible for McGovern to overcome, and Mundt narrowly won re-election. However, McGovern would run for the U.S. Senate again in 1962, and he would serve alongside Mundt for a decade.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 50], "section_span": [50, 50], "content_span": [51, 743]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078562-0000-0000", "contents": "1960 United States Senate election in Tennessee\nThe 1960 United States Senate election in Tennessee took place on November 8, 1960, concurrently with the U.S. presidential election, as well as elections to the United States Senate in other states as well as elections to the United States House of Representatives and various state and local elections. Democrat Estes Kefauver won re-election, he defeated Republican A. Bradley Frazier.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 47], "section_span": [47, 47], "content_span": [48, 436]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078563-0000-0000", "contents": "1960 United States Senate election in Texas\nThe 1960 United States Senate election in Texas was held on November 8, 1960. Incumbent Democratic U.S. Senator Lyndon Baines Johnson, who was simultaneously running for Vice President of the United States, was re-elected to a third term in office. Johnson had Texas law changed to allow him to run for both offices at once. As of 2021, this is the last time the Democrats won the Class 2 Senate seat from Texas.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 43], "section_span": [43, 43], "content_span": [44, 456]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078563-0001-0000", "contents": "1960 United States Senate election in Texas\nJohnson spent much of the year focused on his other campaigns. First, his unsuccessful campaign for the Democratic nomination for President ended in defeat at the hands of John F. Kennedy at the July Democratic National Convention. At the convention, Kennedy chose Johnson as his running mate.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 43], "section_span": [43, 43], "content_span": [44, 337]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078563-0002-0000", "contents": "1960 United States Senate election in Texas, General election, Results\nJohnson carried his Senate seat quite easily, although in the presidential race, the Kennedy-Johnson ticket won the state over the Republican Nixon-Lodge ticket by only two percentage points.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 43], "section_span": [45, 70], "content_span": [71, 262]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078563-0003-0000", "contents": "1960 United States Senate election in Texas, General election, Results\nBecause the Kennedy-Johnson ticket was victorious in the presidential race, Johnson never took office for his third term. Instead, William Blakley was appointed to fill the vacancy and a special election was scheduled for May 1961. Johnson's opponent in this race, John Tower, went on to win the special election over Blakley.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 43], "section_span": [45, 70], "content_span": [71, 397]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078564-0000-0000", "contents": "1960 United States Senate election in Virginia\nThe 1960 United States Senate election in Virginia was held on November 8, 1960. Democratic incumbent Senator Absalom Willis Robertson defeated Independent Democrat Stuart Baker and Social Democrat Clarke Robb and was re-elected to a third term in office.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 46], "section_span": [46, 46], "content_span": [47, 302]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078565-0000-0000", "contents": "1960 United States Senate election in West Virginia\nThe 1960 United States Senate election in West Virginia was held on November 8, 1960. Incumbent Democratic U.S. Senator Jennings Randolph won re-election to a full term.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 51], "section_span": [51, 51], "content_span": [52, 221]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078565-0001-0000", "contents": "1960 United States Senate election in West Virginia, Bibliography\nThis West Virginia elections-related article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by .", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 51], "section_span": [53, 65], "content_span": [66, 149]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078566-0000-0000", "contents": "1960 United States Senate election in Wyoming\nThe 1960 United States Senate election in Wyoming was held on November 8, 1960. Incumbent Democratic Senator Joseph C. O'Mahoney was first appointed to the U.S. Senate from Wyoming's Class 1 Senate seat in 1934, and was re-elected in 1934, 1940, and 1946 before losing re-election in 1952. He was then elected to the Class 2 Senate seat in 1954. O'Mahoney, in failing health and increasingly limited in his mobility, declined to run for a fifth non-consecutive term in the Senate.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 45], "section_span": [45, 45], "content_span": [46, 526]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078566-0001-0000", "contents": "1960 United States Senate election in Wyoming\nAccordingly, a competitive race for the open seat ensued. Congressman Keith Thomson won the Republican primary over former U.S. Senator and former Governor Frank A. Barrett, while 1958 Democratic congressional nominee Raymond B. Whitaker, the former Natrona County Prosecuting Attorney, beat out State Superintendent Velma Linford to win the Democratic nomination, queueing up a rematch between Thomson and Whitaker. Despite Democrats' recent history of winning competitive Senate elections in Wyoming, however, Thomson defeated Whitaker by a wide margin, closely matching Richard M. Nixon's margin over John F. Kennedy in the presidential election. However, Thomson died of a heart attack on December 9, 1960, prior to his assuming office, and Democratic Governor John J. Hickey appointed himself to fill the vacancy; Hickey would serve until his defeat in the 1962 special election.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 45], "section_span": [45, 45], "content_span": [46, 930]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078567-0000-0000", "contents": "1960 United States Senate elections\nThe 1960 United States Senate elections coincided with the election of John F. Kennedy as president on November 8, 1960. A special election was held on June 28, 1960 for a mid-term vacancy in North Dakota. The Republicans gained two seats at the expense of the Democrats. The Democrats nonetheless retained a commanding lead in the Senate with 64 seats to 36. As Majority Leader Lyndon B. Johnson was elected Vice President, Mike Mansfield became the new Majority Leader.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [35, 35], "content_span": [36, 507]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078567-0001-0000", "contents": "1960 United States Senate elections, Other changes\nThe Republicans' gain of two seats from the November elections was reduced to one seat after the election:", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 50], "content_span": [51, 157]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078567-0002-0000", "contents": "1960 United States Senate elections, Race summaries, Special elections during the 86th Congress\nIn these special elections, the winner was seated during 1960 or before January 3, 1961; ordered by election date.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 95], "content_span": [96, 210]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078567-0003-0000", "contents": "1960 United States Senate elections, Race summaries, Elections leading to the next Congress\nIn these general elections, the winners were elected for the term beginning January 3, 1961; ordered by state.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 91], "content_span": [92, 202]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078567-0004-0000", "contents": "1960 United States Senate elections, North Dakota (special)\nA special election was held June 28, 1960, to fill the seat vacated by William Langer, who died November 8, 1959. Clarence Norman Brunsdale, a former Governor of North Dakota, was temporarily appointed to the seat on November 19 of that year until the special election was held. North Dakota Democratic-NPL Party candidate Quentin N. Burdick faced Republican John E. Davis for election to the seat. Davis had been serving as Governor of the state since 1957.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 59], "content_span": [60, 518]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078567-0005-0000", "contents": "1960 United States Senate elections, Oregon\nFirst-term Democrat Richard L. Neuberger had been diagnosed with testicular cancer in 1958 that became terminal by 1960 \u2014 but was kept from the public. Neuberger remained at home in early 1960, reportedly battling the flu. Though still publicly seeking re-election, he told his campaign chair, attorney Jack Beatty, \"Remember, there's always another Neuberger,\" referring to his wife. The comment, combined with Neuberger's reluctance to meet in public and weak voice on the phone, led Beatty to believe that Neuberger's condition was grave, a suspicion confirmed by the Senator's physician shortly before Neuberger died at Good Samaritan Hospital on March 9, 1960.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 43], "content_span": [44, 709]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078567-0006-0000", "contents": "1960 United States Senate elections, Oregon\nDemocratic Oregon Supreme Court judge Hall S. Lusk was appointed March 16, 1960 to continue the term, pending a special election in which he was not a candidate.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 43], "content_span": [44, 205]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078567-0007-0000", "contents": "1960 United States Senate elections, Oregon\nPrimaries were held May 20, 1960, in which Newberger's widow, Democrat Maurine B. Neuberger and the Republican former-Governor of Oregon Elmo Smith easily won nomination.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 43], "content_span": [44, 214]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078567-0008-0000", "contents": "1960 United States Senate elections, Oregon\nMaurine Brown Neuberger was elected November 8, 1960 both to finish the term and to the next term.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 43], "content_span": [44, 142]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078567-0009-0000", "contents": "1960 United States Senate elections, Oregon, Oregon (regular)\nMaurine Brown Neuberger retired at the end of the term.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 61], "content_span": [62, 117]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078567-0010-0000", "contents": "1960 United States Senate elections, Texas\nIncumbent two-term Democrat Lyndon Johnson was easily re-elected, but he was also elected the same day as Vice President with John F. Kennedy being elected president. This was the last election in which a Democrat was selected to Texas's class 2 Senate seat.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 42], "content_span": [43, 301]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078567-0011-0000", "contents": "1960 United States Senate elections, Texas\nJohnson resigned January 3, 1961 \u2014 before the new Congress began \u2014 and former Democratic senator William A. Blakley was appointed to begin the term, pending a special election. Republican John Tower, who lost to Johnson here in 1960, would win that May 1961 special election.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [37, 42], "content_span": [43, 318]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078568-0000-0000", "contents": "1960 United States Senate special election in North Dakota\nThe 1960 Special U.S. Senate election in North Dakota was held June 28, 1960, to fill the United States Senate seat vacated by the late William Langer. Langer died in office on November 8, 1959, and Clarence Norman Brunsdale, a former Governor of North Dakota, was temporarily appointed to the seat on November 19 of that year until the special election was held. North Dakota Democratic-NPL Party candidate Quentin N. Burdick faced Republican John E. Davis for election to the seat. Davis had been serving as Governor of the state since 1957.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 58], "section_span": [58, 58], "content_span": [59, 602]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078568-0001-0000", "contents": "1960 United States Senate special election in North Dakota\nDavis had been very popular during his tenure as Governor of the state, and Burdick had been serving in North Dakota's At-large congressional district for the past two years. His father, Usher L. Burdick, who represented North Dakota for twenty years in the United States House of Representatives, died during the campaign. This race between two popular candidates made for the second-closest race in the history of North Dakota's U.S. Senate elections, with Burdick being determined the winner by just over 1,100 votes.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 58], "section_span": [58, 58], "content_span": [59, 579]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078568-0002-0000", "contents": "1960 United States Senate special election in North Dakota\nTwo independent candidates, Eugene Van Der Hoeven and Clarence Haggard, also filed before the deadline and could have played a factor in determining the outcome since their total votes were more than double that of the 1,100 votes that made Burdick the winner. Haggard would later try again for one of the state's senate seats in 1976 (see election).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 58], "section_span": [58, 58], "content_span": [59, 409]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078569-0000-0000", "contents": "1960 United States census\nThe United States census of 1960, conducted by the Census Bureau, determined the resident population of the United States to be 179,323,175, an increase of 18.5 percent over the 151,325,798 persons enumerated during the 1950 census. This was the first census in which all states recorded a population of over 200,000. This census's data determined the electoral votes for the 1964 and 1968 presidential elections. This is also the last census in which New York was the most populous state.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [25, 25], "content_span": [26, 515]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078569-0001-0000", "contents": "1960 United States census, Data availability\nMicrodata from the 1960 census are freely available through the Integrated Public Use Microdata Series. Aggregate data for small areas, together with electronic boundary files, can be downloaded from the National Historical Geographic Information System. Personally identifiable information will be available in 2032.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [27, 44], "content_span": [45, 362]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078570-0000-0000", "contents": "1960 United States elections\nThe 1960 United States elections was held on November 8, and elected the members of the 87th United States Congress. The  Democratic Party retained control of Congress and won the presidency.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [28, 28], "content_span": [29, 220]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078570-0001-0000", "contents": "1960 United States elections\nIn the presidential election, Democratic Senator John F. Kennedy from Massachusetts defeated sitting Republican Vice President Richard Nixon. Kennedy carried a mix of Southern, Midwestern, and Northeastern states, while Nixon dominated the West and won a majority of states. Fourteen unpledged electors from Alabama and Mississippi voted for Democratic Senator Harry F. Byrd from Virginia, as many Southern Democrats opposed the national party's stance on civil rights. Kennedy's popular vote margin of victory was the closest in any presidential election in the 20th century, with Kennedy garnering 0.17% more of the popular vote than his opponent.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [28, 28], "content_span": [29, 678]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078570-0001-0001", "contents": "1960 United States elections\nNixon, the first sitting vice president to win either party's nomination since John C. Breckinridge in 1860, easily won his party's nomination. Sitting Republican President Dwight D. Eisenhower was the first president in American history to be legally ineligible for re-election, due to the 1951 ratification of the 22nd Amendment. Kennedy won the Democratic nomination on the first ballot, defeating Texas Senator Lyndon B. Johnson. Kennedy's general election victory made him the first Catholic president.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [28, 28], "content_span": [29, 536]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078570-0002-0000", "contents": "1960 United States elections\nThe Republican Party cut into the Democratic majority in both the House and the Senate, but Democrats retained a commanding majority in both chambers.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [28, 28], "content_span": [29, 179]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078571-0000-0000", "contents": "1960 United States gubernatorial elections\nUnited States gubernatorial elections were held on 8 November 1960, in 27 states concurrent with the House, Senate elections and presidential election.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 42], "section_span": [42, 42], "content_span": [43, 194]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078571-0001-0000", "contents": "1960 United States gubernatorial elections\nIn Minnesota, this was the last election on a 2-year cycle, before switching to a 4-year term for governors.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 42], "section_span": [42, 42], "content_span": [43, 151]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078572-0000-0000", "contents": "1960 United States men's Olympic basketball team\nThe 1960 United States men's Olympic basketball team competed in the Games of the XVII Olympiad, representing the United States of America. The USA team, coached by California Golden Bears head coach Pete Newell, dominated the competition, winning its games by an average of 42.4 points per game. The team is considered by many to be the best amateur level basketball team of all time, and was elected to the Naismith Memorial Basketball Hall of Fame as a unit, in 2010.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 48], "section_span": [48, 48], "content_span": [49, 519]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078572-0001-0000", "contents": "1960 United States men's Olympic basketball team, Olympic trials\nTrials for the team were held in March and April 1960, in Denver, at the Denver Coliseum. The trials were conducted in the form of an eight team tournament, including teams from the reigning NCAA National Champions, the Ohio State Buckeyes, a team of NCAA All-Stars featuring stars such as Jerry West and Oscar Robertson, an NAIA All-Star team, and the AAU Champions, the Peoria Caterpillar Cats. The NCAA All-Stars won the competition convincingly, and so Pete Newell was named the team's head coach, with Warren Womble as his assistant.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 48], "section_span": [50, 64], "content_span": [65, 603]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078572-0002-0000", "contents": "1960 United States men's Olympic basketball team, Olympic trials\nThe trials came at a time when the AAU and NCAA were wrestling for control of USA Basketball, and the make-up of the team represented that uneasy truce, as the team was made up of seven collegiate stars, four AAU players, and one representative of the US Armed Forces (guard Adrian Smith). This compromise meant that many top college players were left off the team, including Ohio State's John Havlicek and Providence guard Lenny Wilkens.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 48], "section_span": [50, 64], "content_span": [65, 503]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078572-0003-0000", "contents": "1960 United States men's Olympic basketball team, Olympic tournament\nThe team went 8\u20130 in the Olympic basketball tournament, held in Rome, averaging 101.9 points per game and holding their opponents to 59.5. Five Americans averaged double-figures in scoring - Oscar Robertson (17.3), Jerry Lucas (16.8), Jerry West (14.1), Terry Dischinger (11.3) and Adrian Smith (10.9). Lucas was the star of the medal round, as he scored 21 points in the gold medal game against Brazil, after having scored 26 points in the previous game against host Italy.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 48], "section_span": [50, 68], "content_span": [69, 543]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078572-0004-0000", "contents": "1960 United States men's Olympic basketball team, Legacy\nThe 1960 team is thought to be one of the best amateur sports teams in basketball history. Nine members of the squad went on to play in the NBA and four players from the team - Robertson, Lucas, West and Walt Bellamy, have individually been elected to the Naismith Memorial Basketball Hall of Fame, as have head coach Pete Newell and Dutch Lonborg, who was on Newell's staff as team manager. Other career distinctions by team members include Robertson's League MVP Award in 1963-64.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 48], "section_span": [50, 56], "content_span": [57, 539]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078572-0004-0001", "contents": "1960 United States men's Olympic basketball team, Legacy\nDischinger's 1963 NBA Rookie of the Year Award (an award also received by Robertson (1961), Bellamy (1962), and Lucas(1964), Adrian Smith's NBA All-Star Game MVP in 1966, and West's NBA Finals MVP in 1969. Bob Boozer and Darrall Imhoff were also NBA All-Star Game participants during their careers. The team was elected to the US Olympic Hall of Fame in 1984.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 48], "section_span": [50, 56], "content_span": [57, 416]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078572-0005-0000", "contents": "1960 United States men's Olympic basketball team, Legacy\nIn 2010, along with the \"Dream Team,\" the 1960 US Olympic men's basketball team was elected to the Naismith Memorial Basketball Hall of Fame as a unit. The election marks only the seventh and eighth teams so honored.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 48], "section_span": [50, 56], "content_span": [57, 273]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078573-0000-0000", "contents": "1960 United States presidential debates\nThe 1960 United States presidential debates were a series of debates held for the 1960 United States presidential election. Democratic nominee John F. Kennedy and Republican nominee Richard Nixon met the criteria for inclusion in the debates. Four Presidential debates were conducted for Presidential candidates, which was the first series of debates conducted for any presidential election. (The Lincoln\u2013Douglas debates of 1858 had been the first for senators from Illinois). The next presidential debate would not occur until 1976, after which debates would become a regular feature of all presidential campaigns.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [39, 39], "content_span": [40, 655]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078573-0001-0000", "contents": "1960 United States presidential debates\nThe debates turned out to be the turning point of the campaign, as it was the first held on television, and thus attracted enormous publicity. Polls revealed that more than half of all voters had been influenced by the debates, while 6 percent claimed that the debates alone had decided their choice. It is widely believed that those who listened to the debate on radio thought that Nixon had won, while those who watched the debate on television thought that Kennedy had won.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [39, 39], "content_span": [40, 516]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078573-0002-0000", "contents": "1960 United States presidential debates, Background\nIn 1960, John F. Kennedy, a senator from Massachusetts was nominated by the Democratic party as their presidential nominee. He chose the Senate Democratic leader Lyndon B. Johnson as his running mate. The Republican party nominated the incumbent vice president Richard Nixon as their presidential nominee, with Henry Cabot Lodge Jr., the United States ambassador to the United Nations as his running mate. Most polls after the party conventions showed the Nixon\u2013Lodge ticket having a six point lead over the Kennedy\u2013Johnson ticket.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 51], "content_span": [52, 583]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078573-0003-0000", "contents": "1960 United States presidential debates, Debates, First presidential debate\nThe first presidential debate was held at WBBM-TV, Chicago on Monday September 26, 1960 between Vice President Richard Nixon and senator John F. Kennedy. Howard K. Smith moderated the debate with Sander Vanocur, Charles Warren and Stuart Novins as panelists. Questions were restricted to internal or domestic American matters. The format decided was:", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 75], "content_span": [76, 426]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078573-0004-0000", "contents": "1960 United States presidential debates, Debates, First presidential debate\nNixon refused make-up for the first debate, and as a result his facial stubble showed prominently on the black-and-white TV screens at the time. During the debate, Nixon started sweating under the hot studio lights giving way to visible beads of perspiration. He had chosen a light gray suit which faded into the backdrop of the set and seemed to match his ashen skin tone. Reacting to this, his mother immediately called him to and asked whether he was sick. The Chicago Mayor Richard J. Daley in an interview said:", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 75], "content_span": [76, 592]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078573-0005-0000", "contents": "1960 United States presidential debates, Debates, Second presidential debate\nThe second presidential debate was held at WRC-TV, Washington D.C. on Friday October 7, 1960 between Vice President Richard Nixon and senator John F. Kennedy. Frank McGee moderated the debate with Paul Niven, Edward P. Morgan, Alan Spivak and Harold R. Levy as panelists. Questions were related to internal American matters, foreign relations, economy, etc. The format decided was:", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 76], "content_span": [77, 458]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078573-0006-0000", "contents": "1960 United States presidential debates, Debates, Second presidential debate\nAfter the first debate, for the remaining three debates, Nixon regained his lost weight, wore television makeup, and appeared more forceful than in his initial appearance. Polls showed that Nixon won the second and third debate, but Kennedy moved from a slight deficit into a slight lead over Nixon.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 76], "content_span": [77, 376]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078573-0007-0000", "contents": "1960 United States presidential debates, Debates, Third presidential debate\nThe third presidential debate was held virtually at ABC studio, Los Angeles, California for Nixon and ABC studio, New York City, New York for Kennedy on Thursday October 13, 1960 between Vice President Richard Nixon and senator John F. Kennedy. Bill Shadel moderated the debate with Frank McGee, Charles Van Fremd, Douglass Cater and Roscoe Drummond as panelists. The main topic of this debate was whether military force should be used to prevent Quemoy and Matsu, two island archipelagos off the Chinese coast, from falling under Communist control. The format decided was:", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 75], "content_span": [76, 649]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078573-0008-0000", "contents": "1960 United States presidential debates, Debates, Third presidential debate\nThe third debate has been notable, as it brought about a change in the debate process. This debate was a monumental step for television. For the first time ever, split-screen technology was used to bring two people from opposite sides of the country together so they were able to converse in real time. Nixon was in Los Angeles while Kennedy was in New York. The men appeared to be in the same room, as a can of paint used for the backdrop in New York was flown overnight to Hollywood to match the background there. Both candidates had monitors in their respective studios containing the feed from the opposite studio so they could respond to questions. Bill Shadel moderated the debate from a different television studio in Los Angeles.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 75], "content_span": [76, 813]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078573-0009-0000", "contents": "1960 United States presidential debates, Debates, Fourth presidential debate\nThe fourth presidential debate was held at ABC studio, New York City on Friday October 21, 1960 between Vice President Richard Nixon and senator John F. Kennedy. Quincy Howe moderated the debate with Frank Singiser, John Edwards, Walter Cronkite and John Chancellor as panelists. Questions were related to Foreign affairs. The format decided was:", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 76], "content_span": [77, 423]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078573-0010-0000", "contents": "1960 United States presidential debates, Debates, Fourth presidential debate\nThe fourth debate concluded the series of Presidential debates, and was generally seen as the strongest performance of both candidates.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [41, 76], "content_span": [77, 212]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078574-0000-0000", "contents": "1960 United States presidential election\nThe 1960 United States presidential election was the 44th quadrennial presidential election. It was held on Tuesday, November 8, 1960. In a closely contested election, Democratic United States Senator John F. Kennedy defeated incumbent Vice President Richard Nixon, the Republican Party nominee. This was the first election in which fifty states participated and the last in which the District of Columbia  did not, marking the first participation of Alaska and Hawaii. This made it the only presidential election where the threshold for victory was 269 electoral votes. It was also the first election in which an incumbent president was ineligible to run for a third term because of the term limits established by the 22nd Amendment.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [40, 40], "content_span": [41, 775]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078574-0001-0000", "contents": "1960 United States presidential election\nNixon faced little opposition in the Republican race to succeed popular incumbent Dwight D. Eisenhower. Kennedy, a junior U.S. Senator from Massachusetts, established himself as the Democratic front-runner with his strong performance in the 1960 Democratic primaries, including a key victory in West Virginia over United States Senator Hubert Humphrey. He defeated Senate Majority Leader Lyndon B. Johnson on the first presidential ballot of the 1960 Democratic National Convention, and asked Johnson to serve as his running mate. The issue of the Cold War dominated the election, as tensions were high between the United States and the Soviet Union.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [40, 40], "content_span": [41, 691]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078574-0002-0000", "contents": "1960 United States presidential election\nKennedy won a 303 to 219 Electoral College victory and is generally considered to have won the national popular vote by 112,827, a margin of 0.17 percent. Fourteen unpledged electors from Mississippi and Alabama cast their vote for Senator Harry F. Byrd, as did a faithless elector from Oklahoma. The 1960 presidential election was the closest election since 1916, and this closeness can be explained by a number of factors. Kennedy benefited from the economic recession of 1957\u201358, which hurt the standing of the incumbent Republican Party, and he had the advantage of 17 million more registered Democrats than Republicans.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [40, 40], "content_span": [41, 665]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078574-0002-0001", "contents": "1960 United States presidential election\nFurthermore, the new votes that Kennedy, the first Roman Catholic president, gained among Catholics almost neutralized the new votes Nixon gained among Protestants. Nixon's advantages came from Eisenhower's popularity, as well as the economic prosperity of the past eight years. Kennedy's campaigning skills decisively outmatched Nixon's, who exhausted time and resources campaigning in all fifty states while Kennedy focused on campaigning in populous swing states. Kennedy emphasized his youth, while Nixon focused heavily on his experience. Kennedy relied on Johnson to hold the South, and used television effectively. Despite this, Kennedy's popular vote margin was the narrowest in the 20th century.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [40, 40], "content_span": [41, 745]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078574-0003-0000", "contents": "1960 United States presidential election\nThis is the most recent election in which neither candidate carried every county in a single state.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [40, 40], "content_span": [41, 140]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078574-0004-0000", "contents": "1960 United States presidential election, Nominations, Democratic Party, Democratic candidates\nThe major candidates for the 1960 Democratic presidential nomination were United States Senator John F. Kennedy from Massachusetts, Governor Pat Brown of California, United States Senator Stuart Symington from Missouri, United States Senator Lyndon B. Johnson from Texas, former Illinois Governor Adlai Stevenson, United States Senator Wayne Morse from Oregon, and United States Senator Hubert Humphrey from Minnesota. Several other candidates sought support in their home state or region as \"favorite son\" candidates without any realistic chance of winning the nomination. Symington, Stevenson, and Johnson all declined to campaign in the presidential primaries. While this reduced their potential delegate count going into the Democratic National Convention, each of these three candidates hoped that the other leading contenders would stumble in the primaries, thus causing the convention's delegates to choose him as a \"compromise\" candidate acceptable to all factions of the party.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [42, 94], "content_span": [95, 1081]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078574-0005-0000", "contents": "1960 United States presidential election, Nominations, Democratic Party, Democratic candidates\nKennedy was initially dogged by suggestions from some Democratic Party elders (such as former United States President Harry S. Truman, who was supporting Symington) that he was too youthful and inexperienced to be president; these critics suggested that he should agree to be the running mate for another Democrat. Realizing that this was a strategy touted by his opponents to keep the public from taking him seriously, Kennedy stated frankly, \"I'm not running for vice president, I'm running for president.\"", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [42, 94], "content_span": [95, 603]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078574-0006-0000", "contents": "1960 United States presidential election, Nominations, Democratic Party, Democratic candidates\nThe next step was the primaries. Kennedy's Roman Catholic religion was an issue. Kennedy first challenged Minnesota Senator Hubert Humphrey in the Wisconsin primary and defeated him. Kennedy's sisters, brothers, and wife Jacqueline combed the state looking for votes, leading Humphrey to complain that he \"felt like an independent merchant competing against a chain store.\" However, some political experts argued that Kennedy's margin of victory had come almost entirely from Catholic areas, and thus Humphrey decided to continue the contest in the heavily Protestant state of West Virginia.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [42, 94], "content_span": [95, 686]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078574-0006-0001", "contents": "1960 United States presidential election, Nominations, Democratic Party, Democratic candidates\nThe first televised debate of 1960 was held in West Virginia, and Kennedy outperformed Humphrey. Humphrey's campaign was low on funds and could not compete for advertising and other \"get-out-the-vote\" drives with Kennedy's well-financed and well-organized campaign. In the end, Kennedy defeated Humphrey with over 60% of the vote, and Humphrey ended his presidential campaign. West Virginia showed that Kennedy, a Catholic, could win in a heavily Protestant state. Although Kennedy had only competed in nine presidential primaries, Kennedy's rivals, Johnson and Symington, failed to campaign in any primaries.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [42, 94], "content_span": [95, 704]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078574-0006-0002", "contents": "1960 United States presidential election, Nominations, Democratic Party, Democratic candidates\nEven though Stevenson had twice been the Democratic Party's presidential candidate and retained a loyal following of liberals, his two landslide defeats to Republican United States President Dwight D. Eisenhower led most party leaders and delegates to search for a \"fresh face\" who could win a national election. Following the primaries, Kennedy traveled around the nation speaking to state delegations and their leaders. As the Democratic Convention opened, Kennedy was far in the lead, but was still seen as being just short of the delegate total he needed to win.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [42, 94], "content_span": [95, 661]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078574-0007-0000", "contents": "1960 United States presidential election, Nominations, Democratic Party, Democratic convention\nThe 1960 Democratic National Convention was held in Los Angeles, California. In the week before the convention opened, Kennedy received two new challengers when Lyndon B. Johnson, the powerful Senate Majority Leader from Texas, and Adlai Stevenson, the party's nominee in 1952 and 1956, officially announced their candidacies (they had both privately been working for the nomination for some time). However, neither Johnson nor Stevenson was a match for the talented and highly efficient Kennedy campaign team led by Robert F. Kennedy.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [42, 94], "content_span": [95, 630]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078574-0007-0001", "contents": "1960 United States presidential election, Nominations, Democratic Party, Democratic convention\nJohnson challenged Kennedy to a televised debate before a joint meeting of the Texas and Massachusetts delegations, to which Kennedy accepted. Most observers believed that Kennedy won the debate, and Johnson was unable to expand his delegate support beyond the South. Stevenson's failure to launch his candidacy publicly until the week of the convention meant that many liberal delegates who might have supported him were already pledged to Kennedy, and Stevenson\u2014despite the energetic support of former First Lady Eleanor Roosevelt\u2014could not break their allegiance. Kennedy won the nomination on the first ballot.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [42, 94], "content_span": [95, 709]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078574-0008-0000", "contents": "1960 United States presidential election, Nominations, Democratic Party, Democratic convention\nThen, in a move that surprised many, Kennedy asked Johnson to be his running mate. He realized that he could not be elected without the support of traditional Southern Democrats, most of whom had backed Johnson. He offered Johnson the vice presidential nomination at the Los Angeles Biltmore Hotel at 10:15\u00a0a.m. on July 14, 1960, the morning after being nominated for president.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [42, 94], "content_span": [95, 473]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078574-0008-0001", "contents": "1960 United States presidential election, Nominations, Democratic Party, Democratic convention\nRobert F. Kennedy, who hated Johnson for his attacks on the Kennedy family, and who favored labor leader Walter Reuther, later said that his brother offered the position to Johnson as a courtesy and did not predict him to accept it. Arthur M. Schlesinger Jr., and Seymour Hersh quoted Robert Kennedy's version of events, writing that John Kennedy \"would have preferred Stuart Symington as his running-mate\" and that Johnson teamed with House Speaker Sam Rayburn to \"pressure Kennedy to offer the nomination\".", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [42, 94], "content_span": [95, 603]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078574-0008-0002", "contents": "1960 United States presidential election, Nominations, Democratic Party, Democratic convention\nHersh goes on to present an alternative version of events; he writes that Kennedy was essentially blackmailed into offering the vice presidency to Johnson. The same story was originally presented by Anthony Summers in his biography of FBI Director J. Edgar Hoover. Evelyn Lincoln, Kennedy's personal secretary, told Summers in an interview that she was convinced in mid-1960 that J. Edgar Hoover and Johnson had conspired. Hoover was known to keep detailed files on the personal lives of many political figures and Kennedy was no exception.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [42, 94], "content_span": [95, 635]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078574-0008-0003", "contents": "1960 United States presidential election, Nominations, Democratic Party, Democratic convention\nHoover obtained information about Kennedy's womanizing prior to the election from at least two different sources. In January 1942, while he was serving in the United States Navy, FBI surveillance records confirmed that he was having an affair with a woman named Inga Arvad; then, in 1958, a couple named Leonard and Florence Kater found out that their tenant, Pamela Turnure, a secretary in Kennedy's Senate office, had been having an affair with the soon-to-be president. The Katers rigged up a tape recorder to pick up the sounds of the couple's lovemaking and snapped a picture of Kennedy himself.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [42, 94], "content_span": [95, 695]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078574-0008-0004", "contents": "1960 United States presidential election, Nominations, Democratic Party, Democratic convention\nThe Katers sent this information to the newspapers and one company - Stearn Publications - passed it along to Hoover. Soon after, \"he quietly obtained a copy of the compromising sex tapes and offered them to Lyndon Johnson as campaign ammunition.\" Lincoln said that Johnson \"had been using all the information Hoover could find on Kennedy - during the campaign, even before the Convention. And Hoover was in on the pressure on Kennedy at the Convention.\"", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [42, 94], "content_span": [95, 549]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078574-0008-0005", "contents": "1960 United States presidential election, Nominations, Democratic Party, Democratic convention\nA few days after the offer was made, Pierre Salinger, the campaign's press secretary, had asked Kennedy whether he really expected Johnson to accept the offer or if he was merely making a polite gesture. Kennedy responded cryptically: \"The whole story will never be known. And it's just as well that it won't be.\" \"The only people who were involved in the discussions were Jack and myself,\" said Robert Kennedy. \"We both promised each other that we'd never tell what happened.\"", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [42, 94], "content_span": [95, 572]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078574-0009-0000", "contents": "1960 United States presidential election, Nominations, Democratic Party, Democratic convention\nBiographers Robert Caro and W. Marvin Watson offer a different perspective; they write that the Kennedy campaign was desperate to win what was forecast to be a very close race against Richard Nixon and Henry Cabot Lodge Jr.. Johnson was needed on the ticket to help carry votes from Texas and the Southern United States. Caro's research showed that on July 14, Kennedy started the process while Johnson was still asleep. At 6:30\u00a0a.m., Kennedy asked his brother to prepare an estimate of upcoming electoral votes, \"including Texas.\" Robert Kennedy called Pierre Salinger and Kenneth O'Donnell to assist him.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [42, 94], "content_span": [95, 701]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078574-0009-0001", "contents": "1960 United States presidential election, Nominations, Democratic Party, Democratic convention\nRealizing the ramifications of counting Texas votes as their own, Salinger asked him whether he was considering a Kennedy-Johnson ticket, and Robert replied, \"yes\". Between 9 and 10 a.m., John Kennedy called Pennsylvania governor David L. Lawrence, a Johnson backer, to request that Lawrence nominate Johnson for vice president if Johnson were to accept the role and then went to Johnson's suite to discuss a mutual ticket at 10:15\u00a0a.m. John Kennedy then returned to his suite to announce the Kennedy-Johnson ticket to his closest supporters and Northern political bosses.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [42, 94], "content_span": [95, 667]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078574-0009-0002", "contents": "1960 United States presidential election, Nominations, Democratic Party, Democratic convention\nHe accepted the congratulations of Ohio Governor Michael DiSalle, Connecticut Governor Abraham A. Ribicoff, Chicago mayor Richard J. Daley, and New York City mayor Robert F. Wagner Jr.. Lawrence said that \"Johnson has the strength where you need it most\"; he then left to begin writing the nomination speech. O'Donnell remembers being angry at what he considered a betrayal by John Kennedy, who had previously cast Johnson as anti-labor and anti-liberal.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [42, 94], "content_span": [95, 549]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078574-0009-0003", "contents": "1960 United States presidential election, Nominations, Democratic Party, Democratic convention\nAfterward, Robert Kennedy visited with labor leaders who were extremely unhappy with the choice of Johnson and after seeing the depth of labor opposition to Johnson, he ran messages between the hotel suites of his brother and Johnson, apparently trying to undermine the proposed ticket without John Kennedy's authorization and to get Johnson to agree to be the Democratic Party chairman rather than vice president. Johnson refused to accept a change in plans unless it came directly from John Kennedy.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [42, 94], "content_span": [95, 596]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078574-0009-0004", "contents": "1960 United States presidential election, Nominations, Democratic Party, Democratic convention\nDespite his brother's interference, John Kennedy was firm that Johnson was who he wanted as running mate and met with staffers such as Larry O'Brien, his national campaign manager, to say Johnson was to be vice president. O'Brien recalled later that John Kennedy's words were wholly unexpected, but that after a brief consideration of the electoral vote situation, he thought \"it was a stroke of genius\".", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [42, 94], "content_span": [95, 499]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078574-0010-0000", "contents": "1960 United States presidential election, Nominations, Democratic Party, Democratic convention\nNorman Mailer attended the convention and wrote a profile of Kennedy, \"Superman Comes to the Supermart,\" published in Esquire.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [42, 94], "content_span": [95, 221]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078574-0011-0000", "contents": "1960 United States presidential election, Nominations, Republican Party, Republican candidates\nWith the ratification of the 22nd Amendment in 1951, President Dwight D. Eisenhower could not run for the office of president again; he had been elected in 1952 and 1956.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [42, 94], "content_span": [95, 265]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078574-0012-0000", "contents": "1960 United States presidential election, Nominations, Republican Party, Republican candidates\nIn 1959, it looked as if Vice President Richard Nixon might face a serious challenge for the Republican nomination from New York Governor Nelson Rockefeller, the leader of the Republican moderate-liberal wing. However, Rockefeller announced that he would not be a candidate for president after a national tour revealed that the great majority of Republicans favored Nixon.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [42, 94], "content_span": [95, 467]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078574-0013-0000", "contents": "1960 United States presidential election, Nominations, Republican Party, Republican candidates\nAfter Rockefeller's withdrawal, Nixon faced no significant opposition for the Republican nomination. At the 1960 Republican National Convention in Chicago, Illinois, Nixon was the overwhelming choice of the delegates, with conservative Senator Barry Goldwater from Arizona receiving 10 votes from conservative delegates. In earning the nomination, Nixon became the first sitting vice president to run for president since John C. Breckinridge exactly a century prior. Nixon then chose former Massachusetts Senator and United Nations Ambassador Henry Cabot Lodge Jr., as his vice presidential running mate.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [42, 94], "content_span": [95, 699]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078574-0013-0001", "contents": "1960 United States presidential election, Nominations, Republican Party, Republican candidates\nNixon chose Lodge because his foreign-policy credentials fit into Nixon's strategy to campaign more on foreign policy than domestic policy, which he believed favored the Democrats. Nixon had previously sought Rockefeller as his running mate, but the governor had no ambitions to be vice president. However, he later served as Gerald Ford's vice president from 1974 to 1977.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [42, 94], "content_span": [95, 468]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078574-0014-0000", "contents": "1960 United States presidential election, General election, Campaign promises\nDuring the campaign, Kennedy charged that under Eisenhower and the Republicans the nation had fallen behind the Soviet Union in the Cold War, both militarily and economically, and that as president he would \"get America moving again.\" The Eisenhower administration had established NASA in 1958, but Kennedy believed that the Republican Party had ignored the need to catch up to the Soviet Union in the Space Race. He promised that the new Democratic administration would fully appreciate the importance of space accomplishments for the national security and international prestige of the United States.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [42, 77], "content_span": [78, 680]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078574-0014-0001", "contents": "1960 United States presidential election, General election, Campaign promises\nNixon responded that, if elected, he would continue the \"peace and prosperity\" that Eisenhower had brought the nation in the 1950s. Nixon also argued that with the nation engaged in the Cold War with the Soviets, that Kennedy was too young and inexperienced to be trusted with the presidency. Had Nixon been elected, at 48 years, 11 days, he would have been the fourth-youngest president at the date of inauguration. Kennedy, by contrast, was 43 years, 236 days, on the date of his inauguration; the second-youngest man to begin a Presidency (at 42 Theodore Roosevelt, who assumed the Presidency upon the assassination of United States President William McKinley 60 years previously, was (and remains) the youngest).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [42, 77], "content_span": [78, 794]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078574-0015-0000", "contents": "1960 United States presidential election, General election, Campaign promises\nDuring Kennedy's campaign he relied on his youth and promised to bring about change. Kennedy had a slogan emphasizing his youth reading, \"who's seasoned through and through/but not so dog-gone seasoned that he won't try something new.\" He was also endorsed by celebrities such as Frank Sinatra, Henry Fonda, and Harry Belafonte. Nixon asserted that his experience in politics made him more qualified to hold the office of president. He wanted voters to know that he had the abilities to take on Communist threats.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [42, 77], "content_span": [78, 591]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078574-0016-0000", "contents": "1960 United States presidential election, General election, Campaign events\nKennedy and Nixon both drew large and enthusiastic crowds throughout the campaign. In August 1960, most polls gave Nixon a slim lead over Kennedy, and many political pundits regarded him as the favorite to win. However, Nixon was plagued by bad luck throughout the fall campaign. In August, President Eisenhower, who had long been ambivalent about Nixon, held a televised press conference in which a reporter, Charles Mohr of Time, mentioned Nixon's claims that he had been a valuable administration insider and adviser.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [42, 75], "content_span": [76, 596]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078574-0016-0001", "contents": "1960 United States presidential election, General election, Campaign events\nMohr asked Eisenhower if he could give an example of a major idea of Nixon's that he had heeded. Eisenhower responded with the flip comment, \"If you give me a week, I might think of one.\" Although both Eisenhower and Nixon later claimed that he was merely joking with the reporter, the remark hurt Nixon, as it undercut his claims of having greater decision-making experience than Kennedy. The remark proved so damaging to Nixon that the Democrats turned Eisenhower's statement into a television commercial.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [42, 75], "content_span": [76, 583]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078574-0017-0000", "contents": "1960 United States presidential election, General election, Campaign events\nAt the Republican National Convention, Nixon had pledged to campaign in all fifty states. This pledge backfired when, in August, Nixon injured his knee on a car door while campaigning in North Carolina. The knee became infected and Nixon had to cease campaigning for two weeks while the infection was treated with antibiotics.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [42, 75], "content_span": [76, 402]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078574-0017-0001", "contents": "1960 United States presidential election, General election, Campaign events\nWhen he left Walter Reed Hospital, Nixon refused to abandon his pledge to visit every state; he thus wound up wasting valuable time visiting states that he had no chance of winning, or that had few electoral votes and would be of little help at the election, or states that he would almost certainly win regardless. In his effort to visit all 50 states, Nixon spent the vital weekend before the election campaigning in Alaska, which had only three electoral votes, while Kennedy campaigned in more populous states, such as New Jersey, Ohio, Michigan, and Pennsylvania.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [42, 75], "content_span": [76, 644]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078574-0018-0000", "contents": "1960 United States presidential election, General election, Campaign events\nNixon visited Atlanta, Georgia on August 26 and acquired a very large turnout to his event. Nixon rode through a parade in Atlanta and was greeted by 150,000 people. Nixon mentioned in his speech in Atlanta, \"in the last quarter of a century there hasn't been a Democratic candidate for President that has bothered to campaign in the State of Georgia.\" However, Kennedy would not let Nixon take the Democratic states that easily. Kennedy would change that statistic and visit some surprising states, including Georgia.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [42, 75], "content_span": [76, 594]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078574-0018-0001", "contents": "1960 United States presidential election, General election, Campaign events\nSenator Kennedy visited the cities of Columbus, Warm Springs, and Lagrange on his campaign trail in Georgia. In his visit to Warm Springs, state troopers tried to keep Kennedy from an immense crowd, however Kennedy reached out to shake hands of those who were sick with polio. He also visited small towns across Georgia on his trip and saw a mass of 100,000 people during the entire visit. Kennedy spoke at a rehabilitation facility in Warm Springs. Warm Springs was near and dear to Kennedy's heart due to the effects the facility had on Franklin D. Roosevelt. Roosevelt spent time at the rehabilitation facility and died there in 1945.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [42, 75], "content_span": [76, 713]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078574-0019-0000", "contents": "1960 United States presidential election, General election, Campaign events\nIn Warm Springs, Kennedy spoke to supporters at the facility and mentioned Roosevelt in his speech. He admired Roosevelt and commended him for sticking up for the farmers, workers, small towns, big cities, those in poverty, and those who were sick. He said Roosevelt had a \"spirit of strength and progress to get America moving.\" Kennedy discussed his six-point plan for healthcare. He wanted a medical program set up for retirement and federal funding for the construction of medical schools and hospitals.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [42, 75], "content_span": [76, 583]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078574-0019-0001", "contents": "1960 United States presidential election, General election, Campaign events\nHe also planned for the government to loan students money to attend medical school and provide grants to renovate old hospitals. He called for more money to be spent on medical research and finally, expand effort for rehabilitation and come up with new ways to assist those in need. Many Republicans disapproved Kennedy's plans and described them as an \"appeal to socialism\". People around Warm Springs were supportive of Kennedy. Women were wearing hats reading, \"Kennedy and Johnson\". Signs around the town read, \"Douglas County For Kennedy Except 17 Republicans 6 Old Grouches\". Joe O. Butts, the mayor of Warm Springs during Kennedy's visit, said, \"He must've shaken hands with everybody within two miles of him, and he was smiling all the time.\"", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [42, 75], "content_span": [76, 826]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078574-0020-0000", "contents": "1960 United States presidential election, General election, Campaign events\nDespite the reservations Robert F. Kennedy had about Johnson's nomination, choosing Johnson as Kennedy's running mate proved to be a masterstroke. Johnson vigorously campaigned for Kennedy and was instrumental in helping the Democrats to carry several Southern states skeptical of him, especially Johnson's home state of Texas. Johnson made a \"last-minute change of plans and scheduled two 12-minute whistlestop speeches in Georgia\". One of these visits included stopping in Atlanta to speak from the rear of a train at Terminal Station.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [42, 75], "content_span": [76, 613]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078574-0020-0001", "contents": "1960 United States presidential election, General election, Campaign events\nOn the other hand, Ambassador Lodge, Nixon's running mate, ran a lethargic campaign and made several mistakes that hurt Nixon. Among them was a pledge, made without approval, that if elected, Nixon would name at least one African American to a Cabinet post. Nixon was furious at Lodge, and accused him of spending too much time campaigning with minority groups, instead of the white majority.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [42, 75], "content_span": [76, 468]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078574-0021-0000", "contents": "1960 United States presidential election, General election, Debates\nThere were four presidential debates and no vice presidential debates during the 1960 general election.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [42, 67], "content_span": [68, 171]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078574-0022-0000", "contents": "1960 United States presidential election, General election, Debates\nThe key turning point of the campaign came with the four Kennedy-Nixon debates; they were the first presidential debates ever (The Lincoln\u2013Douglas debates of 1858 had been the first for senators from Illinois), also the first held on television, and thus attracted enormous publicity. Nixon insisted on campaigning until just a few hours before the first debate started. He had not completely recovered from his stay in hospital and thus looked pale, sickly, underweight, and tired. His eyes moved across the room during the debate, and at various moments sweat was visible on his face.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [42, 67], "content_span": [68, 654]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078574-0022-0001", "contents": "1960 United States presidential election, General election, Debates\nHe also refused make-up for the first debate, and as a result his facial stubble showed prominently on the black-and-white TV screens at the time. Furthermore, the debate set appeared darker once the paint dried up, causing Nixon's suit color to blend in with the background which reduced his stature. Nixon's poor appearance on television in the first debate is reflected by the fact that his mother called him immediately following the debate to ask if he was sick. Kennedy, by contrast, rested and prepared extensively beforehand, appearing tanned, confident, and relaxed during the debate. An estimated 70 million viewers watched the first debate.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [42, 67], "content_span": [68, 719]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078574-0023-0000", "contents": "1960 United States presidential election, General election, Debates\nIt is often claimed that people who watched the debate on television overwhelmingly believed Kennedy had won, while radio listeners (a smaller audience) thought Nixon had ended up defeating him. However, that has been disputed. Indeed, one study has speculated that the viewer/listener disagreement could be due to sample bias in that those without TV could be a skewed subset of the population:", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [42, 67], "content_span": [68, 463]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078574-0024-0000", "contents": "1960 United States presidential election, General election, Debates\nEvidence in support of this belief [i.e., that Kennedy's physical appearance overshadowed his performance during the first debate] is mainly limited to sketchy reports about a market survey conducted by Sindlinger & Company in which 49% of those who listened to the debates on radio said Nixon had won compared to 21% naming Kennedy, while 30% of those who watched the debates on television said Kennedy had won compared to 29% naming Nixon. Contrary to popular belief, the Sindlinger evidence suggests not that Kennedy won on television but that the candidates tied on television while Nixon won on radio.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [42, 67], "content_span": [68, 674]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078574-0024-0001", "contents": "1960 United States presidential election, General election, Debates\nHowever, no details about the sample have ever been reported, and it is unclear whether the survey results can be generalized to a larger population. Moreover, since 87% of American households had a television in 1960 [and that the] fraction of Americans lacking access to television in 1960 was concentrated in rural areas and particularly in southern and western states, places that were unlikely to hold significant proportions of Catholic voters.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [42, 67], "content_span": [68, 518]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078574-0025-0000", "contents": "1960 United States presidential election, General election, Debates\nAfter the first debate, polls showed Kennedy moving from a slight deficit into a slight lead over Nixon. For the remaining three debates, Nixon regained his lost weight, wore television makeup, and appeared more forceful than in his initial appearance.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [42, 67], "content_span": [68, 320]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078574-0026-0000", "contents": "1960 United States presidential election, General election, Debates\nHowever, up to 20 million fewer viewers watched the three remaining debates than the first. Political observers at the time felt that Kennedy won the first debate, Nixon won the second and third debates, while the fourth debate, which was seen as the strongest performance by both men, was a draw.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [42, 67], "content_span": [68, 365]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078574-0027-0000", "contents": "1960 United States presidential election, General election, Debates\nThe third debate has been noted, as it brought about a change in the debate process. This debate was a monumental step for television. For the first time ever, split-screen technology was used to bring two people from opposite sides of the country together so they were able to converse in real time. Nixon was in Los Angeles while Kennedy was in New York. The men appeared to be in the same room, thanks to identical sets. Both candidates had monitors in their respective studios containing the feed from the opposite studio so they could respond to questions. Bill Shadel moderated the debate from a different television studio in Los Angeles. The main topic of this debate was whether military force should be used to prevent Quemoy and Matsu, two island archipelagos off the Chinese coast, from falling under Communist control.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [42, 67], "content_span": [68, 899]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078574-0028-0000", "contents": "1960 United States presidential election, General election, Campaign issues\nA key concern in Kennedy's campaign was the widespread skepticism among Protestants about his Roman Catholic religion. Some Protestants, especially Southern Baptists and Lutherans, feared that having a Catholic in the White House would give undue influence to the Pope in the nation's affairs. Radio evangelists such as G. E. Lowman wrote that, \"Each person has the right to their own religious belief ... [ but] ... the Roman Catholic ecclesiastical system demands the first allegiance of every true member and says in a conflict between church and state, the church must prevail\". The religious issue was so significant that Kennedy made a speech before the nation's newspaper editors in which he criticized the prominence they gave to the religious issue over other topics \u2013 especially in foreign policy \u2013 that he felt were of greater importance.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [42, 75], "content_span": [76, 925]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078574-0029-0000", "contents": "1960 United States presidential election, General election, Campaign issues\nTo address fears among Protestants that his Roman Catholicism would impact his decision-making, Kennedy told the Greater Houston Ministerial Association on September 12, 1960, \"I am not the Catholic candidate for president. I am the Democratic Party's candidate for president who also happens to be a Catholic. I do not speak for my Church on public matters \u2013 and the Church does not speak for me.\" He promised to respect the separation of church and state and not to allow Catholic officials to dictate public policy to him. Kennedy also raised the question of whether one-quarter of Americans were relegated to second-class citizenship just because they were Roman Catholic. Kennedy would become the first Roman Catholic to be elected president - it would be 60 years before another Roman Catholic, Joe Biden, was elected.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [42, 75], "content_span": [76, 900]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078574-0030-0000", "contents": "1960 United States presidential election, General election, Campaign issues\nKennedy's campaign took advantage of an opening when Rev. Martin Luther King Jr., the civil-rights leader, was arrested in Georgia while taking part in a sit-in. Nixon asked President Dwight D. Eisenhower to pardon King, but the President declined to do so. Nixon refused to take further action, but Kennedy placed calls to local political authorities to get King released from jail, and he also called King's father and wife. As a result, King's father endorsed Kennedy, and he received much favorable publicity among the black electorate.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [42, 75], "content_span": [76, 616]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078574-0030-0001", "contents": "1960 United States presidential election, General election, Campaign issues\nA letter to the Governor of Georgia regarding Martin Luther King Jr.'s arrest also helped Kennedy garner many African American votes. John F. Kennedy asked Governor Ernest Vandiver to look into the harsh sentencing and stated his claim that he did not want to have to get involved in Georgia's justice system.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [42, 75], "content_span": [76, 385]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078574-0030-0002", "contents": "1960 United States presidential election, General election, Campaign issues\nA member of Kennedy's civil rights team and King's friend, Harris Wofford, and other Kennedy campaign members passed out a pamphlet to black churchgoers the Sunday before the presidential election that said, \"\"No Comment\" Nixon versus a Candidate with a Heart, Senator Kennedy.\"\" On election day, Kennedy won the black vote in most areas by wide margins, and this may have provided his margin of victory in states such as New Jersey, South Carolina, Illinois, and Missouri.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [42, 75], "content_span": [76, 549]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078574-0030-0003", "contents": "1960 United States presidential election, General election, Campaign issues\nResearchers found that Kennedy's appeal to African American voters appears to be largely responsible for his receiving more African-American votes than Adlai Stevenson in the 1956 election. The same study conducted found that white voters were less influenced on the topic of civil rights than black voters in 1960. The Republican national chairman at the time, Thruston Ballard Morton, regarded the African-American vote as the single most crucial factor.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [42, 75], "content_span": [76, 532]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078574-0031-0000", "contents": "1960 United States presidential election, General election, Campaign issues\nThe issue that dominated the election was the rising Cold War tensions between the United States and the Soviet Union. In 1957, the Soviets had launched Sputnik, the first man-made satellite to orbit Earth. Soon afterwards, some American leaders warned that the nation was falling behind communist countries in science and technology. In Cuba, the revolutionary regime of Fidel Castro, became a close ally of the Soviet Union in 1960, heightening fears of communist subversion in the Western Hemisphere. Public opinion polls revealed that more than half the American people thought war with the Soviet Union was inevitable.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [42, 75], "content_span": [76, 699]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078574-0032-0000", "contents": "1960 United States presidential election, General election, Campaign issues\nKennedy took advantage of increased Cold War tension by emphasizing a perceived \"missile gap\" between the United States and Soviet Union. He argued that under the Republicans the Soviets had developed a major advantage in the numbers of nuclear missiles. He proposed a bipartisan congressional investigation about the possibility that the Soviet Union was ahead of the United States in developing missiles. He also noted in an October 18 speech that several senior US military officers had long criticized the Eisenhower Administration's defense spending policies.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [42, 75], "content_span": [76, 640]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078574-0033-0000", "contents": "1960 United States presidential election, General election, Campaign issues\nBoth candidates also argued about the economy and ways in which they could increase the economic growth and prosperity of the 1950s and make it accessible to more people (especially minorities). Some historians criticize Nixon for not taking greater advantage of Eisenhower's popularity (which was around 60\u201365% throughout 1960 and on election day) and for not discussing the prosperous economy of the Eisenhower presidency more often in his campaign. As the campaign moved into the final two weeks, the polls and most political pundits predicted a Kennedy victory.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [42, 75], "content_span": [76, 641]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078574-0033-0001", "contents": "1960 United States presidential election, General election, Campaign issues\nHowever, President Eisenhower, who had largely sat out the campaign, made a vigorous campaign tour for Nixon over the last 10 days before the election. Eisenhower's support gave Nixon a badly needed boost. Nixon also criticized Kennedy for stating that Quemoy and Matsu, two small islands off the coast of Communist China that were held by Nationalist Chinese forces based in Taiwan, were outside the treaty of protection the United States had signed with the Nationalist Chinese. Nixon claimed the islands were included in the treaty and accused Kennedy of showing weakness towards Communist aggression. Aided by the Quemoy and Matsu issue, and by Eisenhower's support, Nixon began to gain momentum and by election day the polls indicated a virtual tie.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [42, 75], "content_span": [76, 830]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078574-0034-0000", "contents": "1960 United States presidential election, General election, Results\nThe election was held on November 8, 1960. Nixon watched the election returns from his suite at the Ambassador Hotel in Los Angeles, while Kennedy watched them at the Kennedy Compound in Hyannis Port, Massachusetts. As the early returns poured in from large Northeastern and Midwestern cities, such as Boston, New York City, Philadelphia, Pittsburgh, Cleveland, Detroit, and Chicago, Kennedy opened a large lead in the popular and electoral votes, and appeared headed for victory. However, as later returns came in from rural and suburban areas in the Midwest, the Rocky Mountain states and the Pacific Coast states, Nixon began to steadily close the gap on Kennedy.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [42, 67], "content_span": [68, 734]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078574-0035-0000", "contents": "1960 United States presidential election, General election, Results\nBefore midnight, The New York Times had gone to press with the headline \"Kennedy Elected President\". As the election again became too close to call, Times managing editor Turner Catledge hoped that, as he recalled in his memoirs, \"a certain Midwestern mayor would steal enough votes to pull Kennedy through\", thus allowing the Times to avoid the embarrassment of announcing the wrong winner, as the Chicago Tribune had memorably done twelve years earlier in announcing that Thomas E. Dewey had defeated President Harry S. Truman.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [42, 67], "content_span": [68, 597]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078574-0036-0000", "contents": "1960 United States presidential election, General election, Results\nNixon made a speech at about 3\u00a0a.m., and hinted that Kennedy might have won the election. News reporters were puzzled, as it was not a formal concession speech. It was not until the afternoon of the next day that Nixon finally conceded the election, and Kennedy claimed his victory.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [42, 67], "content_span": [68, 350]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078574-0037-0000", "contents": "1960 United States presidential election, General election, Results\nOf the 3,129 counties and independent cities making returns, Nixon won in 1,857 (59.35%) while Kennedy carried 1,200 (38.35%). \"Unpledged\" electors came first in 71 counties (2.27%) throughout Louisiana and Mississippi, and one county (0.03%) in Alaska split evenly between Kennedy and Nixon.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [42, 67], "content_span": [68, 360]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078574-0038-0000", "contents": "1960 United States presidential election, General election, Results\nA sample of how close the election was can be seen in California, Nixon's home state. Kennedy seemed to have carried the state by 37,000 votes when all of the voting precincts reported, but when the absentee ballots were counted a week later, Nixon came from behind to win the state by 36,000 votes. Similarly, in Hawaii, it appeared as though Nixon had won there (it was actually called for him early Wednesday morning), but in a recount, Kennedy was able to come from behind and win the state by an extremely narrow margin of 115 votes.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [42, 67], "content_span": [68, 606]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078574-0039-0000", "contents": "1960 United States presidential election, General election, Results\nIn the national popular vote, Kennedy beat Nixon by less than two tenths of one percentage point (0.17%), the closest popular-vote margin of the 20th century. So close was the popular vote that a shift of 18,858 votes in Illinois and Missouri, both won by Kennedy by less than 1%, would have left both Kennedy and Nixon short of the 269 electoral votes required to win, thus forcing a contingent election in the House of Representatives.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [42, 67], "content_span": [68, 505]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078574-0040-0000", "contents": "1960 United States presidential election, General election, Results\nIn the Electoral College, Kennedy's victory was larger, as he took 303 electoral votes to Nixon's 219. A total of 15 electors, eight from Mississippi, six from Alabama, and one from Oklahoma all refused to vote for either Kennedy or Nixon, and instead cast their votes for Senator Harry F. Byrd of Virginia, a conservative Democrat, even though he had not been a candidate for president. Kennedy carried 12 states by three percentage points or less, while Nixon won six by similarly narrow margins.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [42, 67], "content_span": [68, 566]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078574-0040-0001", "contents": "1960 United States presidential election, General election, Results\nKennedy carried all but three states in the populous Northeast, and he also carried the large states of Michigan, Illinois, and Missouri in the Midwest. With Lyndon Johnson's help, he also carried most of the South, including the large states of North Carolina, Georgia, and Texas. Nixon carried all but three of the Western states (including California), and he ran strong in the farm belt states, where his biggest victory was in Ohio.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [42, 67], "content_span": [68, 505]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078574-0041-0000", "contents": "1960 United States presidential election, General election, Results\nThe New York Times, summarizing the discussion in late November, spoke of a \"narrow consensus\" among the experts that Kennedy had won more than he lost \"as a result of his Catholicism\", as Northern Catholics flocked to Kennedy because of attacks on his religion. Interviewing people who voted in both 1956 and 1960, a University of Michigan team analyzing the election returns discovered that people who voted Democratic in 1956 split 33\u20136 for Kennedy, while the Republican voters of 1956 split 44\u201317 for Nixon. That is, Nixon lost 28% (17/61) of the Eisenhower voters, while Kennedy lost only 15% of the Stevenson voters. The Democrats, in other words, did a better job of holding their 1956 supporters.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [42, 67], "content_span": [68, 772]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078574-0042-0000", "contents": "1960 United States presidential election, General election, Results\nKennedy said that he saw the challenges ahead and needed the country's support to get through them. In his victory speech, he declared, \"To all Americans, I say that the next four years are going to be difficult and challenging years for us all; that a supreme national effort will be needed to move this country safely through the 1960s. I ask your help and I can assure you that every degree of my spirit that I possess will be devoted to the long-range interest of the United States and to the cause of freedom around the world.\"", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [42, 67], "content_span": [68, 600]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078574-0043-0000", "contents": "1960 United States presidential election, General election, Results, Controversies\nSome Republicans believed that Kennedy had benefited from vote fraud, especially in Texas, where his running mate Lyndon B. Johnson was senator, and Illinois, home of Mayor Richard Daley's powerful Chicago political machine. These two states were important because if Nixon had carried both, he would have earned 270 electoral votes, one more than the 269 needed to win the presidency. Republican senators such as Everett Dirksen and Barry Goldwater claimed vote fraud \"played a role in the election\", and that Nixon actually won the national popular vote. Republicans tried and failed to overturn the results in both Illinois and Texas at the time, as well as in nine other states. Earl Mazo, a conservative journalist and close friend of Nixon who later became Nixon's biographer, made unfounded accusations of voter fraud.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [42, 82], "content_span": [83, 908]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078574-0044-0000", "contents": "1960 United States presidential election, General election, Results, Controversies\nNixon's campaign staff urged him to pursue recounts and challenge the validity of Kennedy's victory in several states, especially Illinois, Missouri, and New Jersey, where large majorities in Catholic precincts handed Kennedy the election. Nixon gave a speech three days after the election stating that he would not contest the election. The Republican National Chairman, Senator Thruston Ballard Morton of Kentucky, visited Key Biscayne, Florida, where Nixon had taken his family for a vacation, and pushed for a recount. Morton challenged the results in 11 states, keeping challenges in the courts into mid-1961, but the only result of these challenges was the loss of Hawaii to Kennedy on a recount.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [42, 82], "content_span": [83, 785]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078574-0045-0000", "contents": "1960 United States presidential election, General election, Results, Controversies\nKennedy won Illinois by less than 9,000 votes out of 4.75 million cast, a margin of 0.2%. Nixon carried 92 of the state's 101 counties. Kennedy's victory in Illinois came from Chicago, which had favorable demographics for Kennedy, with its large populations of Catholic and African-American voters. His victory margin in the city was 318,736 and 456,312 in Cook County. A myth arose that Mayor Daley held back much of the city's vote until the late morning hours of November 9. When the Republican Chicago Tribune went to press, 79% of Cook County precincts had reported, compared with just 62% of Illinois's precincts overall. Moreover, Nixon never led in Illinois, and Kennedy's lead merely shrank as election night went on.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [42, 82], "content_span": [83, 809]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078574-0046-0000", "contents": "1960 United States presidential election, General election, Results, Controversies\nIn Texas, Kennedy defeated Nixon by a 51 to 49% margin, or 46,000 votes. Some Republicans argued, without evidence, that Johnson's formidable political machine had stolen enough votes in counties along the Mexican border to give Kennedy the victory. Kennedy's defenders, such as his speechwriter and special assistant Arthur M. Schlesinger Jr., argued that Kennedy's margin in Texas was simply too large for vote fraud to have been a decisive factor.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [42, 82], "content_span": [83, 533]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078574-0047-0000", "contents": "1960 United States presidential election, General election, Results, Controversies\nAllegations of voter fraud were made in Texas. Fannin County had only 4,895 registered voters, yet 6,138 votes were cast in that county, three-quarters for Kennedy. In an Angelina County precinct, Kennedy received 187 votes to Nixon's 24, though there were only 86 registered voters in the precinct. When Republicans demanded a statewide recount, they learned that the state Board of Elections, whose members were all Democrats, had already certified Kennedy as the winner. This analysis is flawed since registered voter figures only counted people who had paid the poll tax, and certain groups were exempt from that tax.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [42, 82], "content_span": [83, 704]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078574-0048-0000", "contents": "1960 United States presidential election, General election, Results, Controversies\nSchlesinger and others have pointed out that even if Nixon had carried Illinois, the state would not have given him a victory, as Kennedy would still have won 276 electoral votes to Nixon's 246. More to the point, Illinois was the site of the most extensive challenge process, which fell short despite repeated efforts spearheaded by Cook County state's attorney, Benjamin Adamowski, a Republican, who also lost his reelection bid.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [42, 82], "content_span": [83, 514]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078574-0048-0001", "contents": "1960 United States presidential election, General election, Results, Controversies\nDespite demonstrating net errors favoring both Nixon and Adamowski (some precincts, 40% in Nixon's case, showed errors favoring them, a factor suggesting error rather than fraud), the totals found fell short of reversing the results for the candidates. While a Daley-connected circuit judge, Thomas Kluczynski (later appointed a federal judge by Kennedy, at Daley's recommendation), threw out a federal lawsuit \"filed to contend\" the voting totals, the Republican-dominated State Board of Elections unanimously rejected the challenge to the results. Furthermore, there were signs of possible irregularities in downstate areas controlled by Republicans, which Democrats never seriously pressed, since the Republican challenges went nowhere. More than a month after the election, the Republican National Committee abandoned its Illinois voter fraud claims.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [42, 82], "content_span": [83, 937]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078574-0049-0000", "contents": "1960 United States presidential election, General election, Results, Controversies\nAn academic study in 1985 later analyzed the ballots of two disputed precincts in Chicago which were subject to a recount. It found that while there was a pattern of miscounting votes to the advantage of Democratic candidates, Nixon suffered less from this than Republicans in other races, and furthermore the extrapolated error would only have reduced his Illinois margin from 8,858 votes (the final official total) to just under 8,000. It concluded there was insufficient evidence that he had been cheated out of winning Illinois.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [42, 82], "content_span": [83, 615]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078574-0050-0000", "contents": "1960 United States presidential election, General election, Results, Controversies\nA special prosecutor assigned to the case brought charges against 650 people, which did not result in convictions. Three Chicago election workers were convicted of voter fraud in 1962 and served short terms in jail. Mazo, Nixon's conservative reporter friend, later claimed, without evidence, that he \"found names of the dead who had voted in Chicago, along with 56 people from one house.\" He claimed to have found cases of Republican voter fraud in southern Illinois but said that the totals \"did not match the Chicago fraud he found.\"", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [42, 82], "content_span": [83, 619]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078574-0050-0001", "contents": "1960 United States presidential election, General election, Results, Controversies\nAfter Mazo had published four parts of an intended 12-part voter fraud series documenting his findings, which was re-published nationally, he said \"Nixon requested his publisher stop the rest of the series so as to prevent a constitutional crisis.\" Nevertheless, the Chicago Tribune (which routinely endorsed GOP presidential candidates, including Nixon in 1960, 1968 and 1972) wrote that \"the election of November 8 was characterized by such gross and palpable fraud as to justify the conclusion that [Nixon] was deprived of victory.\"", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [42, 82], "content_span": [83, 618]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078574-0051-0000", "contents": "1960 United States presidential election, General election, Results, Popular votes\nThe number of popular votes Kennedy received in Alabama is difficult to determine because of the unusual situation there. Instead of having the voters choose from slates of electors, the Alabama ballot had voters choose the electors individually. In such a situation, a given candidate is traditionally assigned the popular vote of the elector who received the most votes. For instance, candidates pledged to Nixon received anywhere from 230,951 votes (for George Witcher) to 237,981 votes (for Cecil Durham); Nixon is therefore assigned 237,981 popular votes from Alabama.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [42, 82], "content_span": [83, 656]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078574-0052-0000", "contents": "1960 United States presidential election, General election, Results, Popular votes\nThe situation was more complicated on the Democratic side. The statewide Democratic primary had chosen 11 candidates for the Electoral College, five of whom were pledged to vote for Kennedy and six of whom were free to vote for anyone they chose. All of these candidates won in the general election, and all six unpledged electors voted against Kennedy. The number of popular votes Kennedy received is therefore difficult to calculate. Traditionally, Kennedy is assigned either 318,303 (the votes won by the most popular Kennedy elector) or 324,050 (the votes won by the most popular unpledged Democratic elector); the results table below is based on Kennedy winning 318,303.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [42, 82], "content_span": [83, 758]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078574-0053-0000", "contents": "1960 United States presidential election, General election, Results, Popular votes\nThe number of popular votes Kennedy and Nixon received in Georgia is also difficult to determine because voters voted for 12 separate electors. The vote totals of 458,638 for Kennedy and 274,472 for Nixon reflect the number of votes for the Kennedy and Nixon electors who received the highest number of votes. The Republican and Democratic electors receiving the highest number of votes were outliers from the other 11 electors from their party. The average vote totals for the 12 electors were 455,629 for the Democratic electors and 273,110 for the Republican electors. This shrinks Kennedy's election margin in Georgia by 1,647 votes to 182,519.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [42, 82], "content_span": [83, 731]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078574-0054-0000", "contents": "1960 United States presidential election, General election, Results, Unpledged Democratic electors\nMany Southern Democrats were opposed to voting rights for African Americans living in the South. There was a call from segregationists for electoral votes to be withheld or to be cast for Virginia senator Harry F. Byrd, a segregationist Democrat, as an independent candidate.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [42, 98], "content_span": [99, 374]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078574-0054-0001", "contents": "1960 United States presidential election, General election, Results, Unpledged Democratic electors\nBoth before and after the convention, they attempted to put unpledged Democratic electors on their states' ballots in the hopes of influencing the race; the existence of such electors might influence which candidate would be chosen by the national convention, and in a close race such electors might be in a position to extract concessions from either the Democratic or Republican presidential candidates in return for their electoral votes.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [42, 98], "content_span": [99, 540]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078574-0055-0000", "contents": "1960 United States presidential election, General election, Results, Unpledged Democratic electors\nMost of these attempts failed. Alabama put up a mixed slate of five loyal electors and six unpledged electors. Mississippi put up two distinct slates, one of loyalists and one of unpledged electors. Louisiana also put up two distinct slates, although the unpledged slate did not receive the \"Democratic\" label. Georgia freed its Democratic electors from pledges to vote for Kennedy. Governor Ernest Vandiver supported the unpledged electoral votes. Former governor Ellis Arnall did not support the unpledged electoral votes. Arnall called Vandiver's stand \"utterly disgraceful.\"", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [42, 98], "content_span": [99, 677]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078574-0056-0000", "contents": "1960 United States presidential election, General election, Results, Unpledged Democratic electors\nIn total, 14 unpledged Democratic electors won election from the voters. Because electors pledged to Kennedy had won a clear majority of the Electoral College, the unpledged electors could not influence the results. Nonetheless, they refused to vote for Kennedy. Instead, they voted for Byrd, even though he was not an announced candidate and did not seek their votes. In addition, Byrd received one electoral vote from a faithless Oklahoma elector for a total of 15 electoral votes. The faithless Oklahoma elector voted for Barry Goldwater as vice president; the other 14 voted for Strom Thurmond as vice president.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [42, 98], "content_span": [99, 715]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078574-0057-0000", "contents": "1960 United States presidential election, General election, Results, Unpledged Democratic electors\nThere were 537 electoral votes, up from 531 in 1956, because of the addition of two U.S. senators and one U.S. representative from each of the new states of Alaska and Hawaii. The House of Representatives was temporarily expanded from 435 members to 437 to accommodate this, and went back to 435 when reapportioned according to the 1960 census. The reapportionment took place after the 1960 election.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [42, 98], "content_span": [99, 499]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078574-0058-0000", "contents": "1960 United States presidential election, General election, Results, Unpledged Democratic electors\nSource (Popular Vote): Note: Sullivan / Curtis ran only in Texas. In Washington, Constitution Party ran Curtis for president and B. N. Miller for vice president, receiving 1,401 votes. Source (Electoral Vote):", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [42, 98], "content_span": [99, 308]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078574-0059-0000", "contents": "1960 United States presidential election, General election, Geography of results\nResults by county, shaded according to winning candidate's percentage of the vote", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [42, 80], "content_span": [81, 162]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078574-0060-0000", "contents": "1960 United States presidential election, General election, Close states\nMargin of victory over 5%, but under 10% (160 electoral votes):", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [42, 72], "content_span": [73, 136]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078575-0000-0000", "contents": "1960 United States presidential election in Alabama\nThe 1960 United States presidential election in Alabama was held on November 8, 1960 as part of that year's national presidential election. Eleven Democratic electors were elected, of whom six voted for Senator Harry F. Byrd of Virginia and five for Senator John F. Kennedy of Massachusetts.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 51], "section_span": [51, 51], "content_span": [52, 343]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078575-0001-0000", "contents": "1960 United States presidential election in Alabama\nIn Alabama, voters voted for electors individually instead of as a slate, as in the other 49 states. Twenty-two electors were on the ballot, 11 Republicans and 11 Democrats. Voters could vote for up to eleven candidates. As a result of a state primary, the Democratic Party had a mixed slate of electors, five being pledged to Kennedy and the remaining six being unpledged.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 51], "section_span": [51, 51], "content_span": [52, 425]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078575-0001-0001", "contents": "1960 United States presidential election in Alabama\nThe highest vote for a presidential elector was 324,050 votes for Frank M. Dixon, who was unpledged; the highest vote for an elector pledged to Kennedy was 318,303 for C. G. Allen, and the highest vote for a Republican elector was 237,981 for Cecil Durham, which was fewer than the vote for any Democratic elector. As a result, six unpledged electors and five electors pledged to Kennedy were elected. All six elected unpledged electors cast their vote for Byrd.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 51], "section_span": [51, 51], "content_span": [52, 514]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078575-0002-0000", "contents": "1960 United States presidential election in Alabama\nVarying methods have been used to break down the vote into Kennedy and unpledged votes. One method is to take the 318,303 votes as Kennedy votes and the 324,050 votes as unpledged votes, giving a total much higher than the actual votes cast. Another is to take the 318,303 votes as Kennedy votes and the remainder (5,747 votes) as unpledged votes. A third is to split the 324,050 in the proportion of 5\u204411 to 6\u204411, following the proportion of electors, giving 147,295 votes for Kennedy and 176,755 for unpledged electors.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 51], "section_span": [51, 51], "content_span": [52, 573]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078575-0002-0001", "contents": "1960 United States presidential election in Alabama\nIn all cases, Republican candidate Richard Nixon of California, then Vice President of the United States, has 237,981 votes. If the last method is used, it means that Nixon won the popular vote in Alabama; it also means that he won the popular vote nationally. Congressional Quarterly calculated the popular vote in this manner at the time of the 1960 election.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 51], "section_span": [51, 51], "content_span": [52, 413]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078576-0000-0000", "contents": "1960 United States presidential election in Alaska\nThe 1960 United States presidential election in Alaska took place on November 8, 1960, as part of the nationwide presidential election. Voters chose three representatives, or electors, to the Electoral College, who voted for president and vice president.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 50], "section_span": [50, 50], "content_span": [51, 305]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078576-0001-0000", "contents": "1960 United States presidential election in Alaska\nAlaska was won by incumbent Vice-President Richard Nixon (R-California) with 50.9% of the popular vote against U.S. Senator John F. Kennedy (D-Massachusetts) with 49.1%. Kennedy ultimately won the national vote however, defeating Nixon. This was the first presidential election that Alaska participated in.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 50], "section_span": [50, 50], "content_span": [51, 357]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078576-0002-0000", "contents": "1960 United States presidential election in Alaska, Electors\nWith statehood, Alaska was given three votes in the Electoral College. This has continued to be the case to the present day. Alaska's electors in 1960 were:", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 50], "section_span": [52, 60], "content_span": [61, 217]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078576-0003-0000", "contents": "1960 United States presidential election in Alaska, Bibliography\nThis Alaska elections-related article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by .", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 50], "section_span": [52, 64], "content_span": [65, 141]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078577-0000-0000", "contents": "1960 United States presidential election in Arizona\nThe 1960 United States presidential election in Arizona took place on November 8, 1960, as part of the 1960 United States presidential election. State voters chose four representatives, or electors, to the Electoral College, who voted for president and vice president.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 51], "section_span": [51, 51], "content_span": [52, 320]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078577-0001-0000", "contents": "1960 United States presidential election in Arizona\nArizona was won by incumbent Vice President Richard Nixon (R\u2013California), running with United States Ambassador to the United Nations Henry Cabot Lodge, Jr., with 55.52% of the popular vote, against Senator John F. Kennedy (D\u2013Massachusetts), running with Senator Lyndon B. Johnson, with 44.36% of the popular vote.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 51], "section_span": [51, 51], "content_span": [52, 366]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078577-0002-0000", "contents": "1960 United States presidential election in Arizona\nThis was the first time since achieving statehood in 1912 that Arizona backed the losing candidate in a presidential election, a sign that the state was trending Republican. It would vote Republican in every election thereafter except 1996 and 2020.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 51], "section_span": [51, 51], "content_span": [52, 301]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078577-0003-0000", "contents": "1960 United States presidential election in Arizona, Primaries, Democratic state convention\nWhile Arizona did not hold a formal primary to select delegates to represent the state at the Democratic National Convention, it did hold a state convention in April where delegates were selected.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 51], "section_span": [53, 91], "content_span": [92, 288]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078577-0004-0000", "contents": "1960 United States presidential election in Arizona, Primaries, Democratic state convention\nSince Arizona traditionally operated under the \"unit role\" at conventions (under which the entire delegation voted for one candidate as a unified bloc), a candidate who could secure a simple majority of their delegation's support would be able to receive the votes of all 17 delegates.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 51], "section_span": [53, 91], "content_span": [92, 377]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078577-0005-0000", "contents": "1960 United States presidential election in Arizona, Primaries, Democratic state convention\nBy early 1959, Kennedy's campaign saw strong potential in the state, and recognized a need to organize their efforts there. Arizona was added to the list of states which they began to prioritize as targets for Kennedy to compete in during the primaries. As the primary season unfolded, Kennedy increasingly recognized the state convention as an opportunity to secure delegates in advance of the convention. This arose as an opportunity for Kennedy due to Lyndon B. Johnson's steadfast refusal to launch an active candidacy during the primaries.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 51], "section_span": [53, 91], "content_span": [92, 636]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078577-0005-0001", "contents": "1960 United States presidential election in Arizona, Primaries, Democratic state convention\nRather thank seeking support as a declared candidate, Johnson was relying on a covert, ultimately ineffective, effort to deliver him the support of Arizona's delegation. Johnson was counting on 81 year old senator Carl Hayden and former senator Ernest McFarland to deliver him the state's delegation. Both would ultimately prove to have long since expended their political capital in the state.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 51], "section_span": [53, 91], "content_span": [92, 486]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078577-0006-0000", "contents": "1960 United States presidential election in Arizona, Primaries, Democratic state convention\nKennedy operative Ted Sorensen found, early on, that the state party chairman, Tucson mayor Don Hummel, was willing to help the Kennedy campaign. Kennedy's campaign's primary base for their Arizona operations was in Pima County, where Hummel lent his grassroots prowess to them.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 51], "section_span": [53, 91], "content_span": [92, 370]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078577-0007-0000", "contents": "1960 United States presidential election in Arizona, Primaries, Democratic state convention\nThe primary actor in shoring up Kennedy's support in the state, however, was congressman Stewart Udall. Both Udall and his prover, former county prosecutor Mo Udall, proved themselves to be committed supporters of Kennedy's campaign. A few days prior to the state convention, Sam Rayburn (a Johnson ally) summoned Stewart Udall to the Speaker's Platform in the House Chamber of the United States Capitol. He inquired as to whether Udall was going to be an active figure in the state convention, which Udall confirmed that he would be.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 51], "section_span": [53, 91], "content_span": [92, 626]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078577-0007-0001", "contents": "1960 United States presidential election in Arizona, Primaries, Democratic state convention\nRayburn responded sternly, \"Well, I have a candidate for the nomination, my colleague from Texas. I don't want you to hurt him.\" Udall attempted to placate Rayburn by saying, \"Mr. Speaker, I am not trying to hurt anybody. I committed myself several months ago to John Kennedy, and I am going to do everything I can to help him. I am not trying to hurt your man. As a matter of fact, if Kennedy can't get the support, your man is obviously the man who will. If I can't put Kennedy over, I'm not going against him.\"", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 51], "section_span": [53, 91], "content_span": [92, 605]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078577-0008-0000", "contents": "1960 United States presidential election in Arizona, Primaries, Democratic state convention\nAfter a string of hostile caucuses to select delegates, the state convention ultimately produced a delegation that favored Kennedy (with two-thirds of the delegates being Kennedy supporters).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 51], "section_span": [53, 91], "content_span": [92, 283]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078578-0000-0000", "contents": "1960 United States presidential election in Arkansas\nThe 1960 United States presidential election in Arkansas took place on November 8, 1960, as part of the 1960 United States presidential election. State voters chose eight representatives, or electors, to the Electoral College, who voted for president and vice president.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 52], "section_span": [52, 52], "content_span": [53, 323]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078578-0001-0000", "contents": "1960 United States presidential election in Arkansas\nArkansas was won by Senator John F. Kennedy (D\u2013Massachusetts), running with Senator Lyndon B. Johnson, with 50.19% of the popular vote against incumbent Vice President Richard Nixon (R\u2013California), running with United States Ambassador to the United Nations Henry Cabot Lodge, Jr., with 43.06% of the popular vote. National States' Rights Party candidate Orval Faubus performed best in his home state of Arkansas, earning 6.76% of the vote. Nixon was however the first-ever Republican victor in the five northeastern counties of Clay, Craighead, Fulton, Randolph and Sharp due to powerful \"Bible Belt\" anti-Catholicism. In 1928 this was muted by the presence of Arkansas Senator Joseph T. Robinson as Al Smith's running mate, and perhaps by perception of Hoover\u2019s ineffectiveness at relieving the great 1927 flood. Nixon was also the first Republican victor in Marion County since Ulysses S. Grant in 1868.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 52], "section_span": [52, 52], "content_span": [53, 959]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078578-0002-0000", "contents": "1960 United States presidential election in Arkansas\nAs of the 2020 presidential election, this is the last time Democratic candidates simultaneously won the presidential election and the state's Class 2 senate seat.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 52], "section_span": [52, 52], "content_span": [53, 216]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078579-0000-0000", "contents": "1960 United States presidential election in California\nThe 1960 United States presidential election in California took place on November 8, 1960 as part of the 1960 United States presidential election. State voters chose 32 representatives, or electors, to the Electoral College, who voted for president and vice president.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 54], "section_span": [54, 54], "content_span": [55, 323]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078579-0001-0000", "contents": "1960 United States presidential election in California\nCalifornia voted for the Republican nominee, Vice President Richard Nixon, over the Democratic nominee, Massachusetts Senator John F. Kennedy. Although California was Nixon's home state, which he represented in the House and Senate, and initial political base, his margin of victory over Kennedy turned out to be extremely narrow; in fact, it was the closest of the states that Nixon won and the fourth closest state in the election after Hawaii, Illinois and Missouri. On the morning of November 9, the NBC victory desk erroneously projected California to Kennedy.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 54], "section_span": [54, 54], "content_span": [55, 620]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078579-0002-0000", "contents": "1960 United States presidential election in California\nNixon would later win California again against Hubert Humphrey in 1968 and then against George McGovern in 1972.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 54], "section_span": [54, 54], "content_span": [55, 167]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078579-0003-0000", "contents": "1960 United States presidential election in California, Primaries, Democratic primary\nRunning unopposed, California governor Pat Brown won the state's Democratic primary as a favorite son.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 54], "section_span": [56, 85], "content_span": [86, 188]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078579-0004-0000", "contents": "1960 United States presidential election in California, Primaries, Democratic primary\nWhile the primary itself was straightforward, the developments surrounding the primary were far more complex.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 54], "section_span": [56, 85], "content_span": [86, 195]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078579-0005-0000", "contents": "1960 United States presidential election in California, Primaries, Democratic primary\nKennedy had not come easily to his decision not to compete in the California primary, and had at one point tentatively filed to run in the primary.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 54], "section_span": [56, 85], "content_span": [86, 233]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078579-0006-0000", "contents": "1960 United States presidential election in California, Primaries, Democratic primary\nKennedy had begun to contemplate the state's primary at an early stage in the development of his campaign.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 54], "section_span": [56, 85], "content_span": [86, 192]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078579-0007-0000", "contents": "1960 United States presidential election in California, Primaries, Democratic primary\nBy early 1958 Kennedy's team had recognized the state to be a Democratic target for the midterm elections, since economic woes had weakened the Republican Party's strength in the state. This meant that the 1958 midterm election would serve to gauge the prospect of Democrats winning the state in the 1960 presidential election. In February 1958, Ted Sorensen spent $1,500 in order to commission a survey in California that would be conducted that March, coinciding with a two-day visit by Kennedy to the state. The survey showed Kennedy winning 55 to 45% in a then-hypothetical general election race against Nixon. The survey also demonstrated Kennedy to have a strong lead in California among Catholics, who constituted one-fifth of the state's populace.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 54], "section_span": [56, 85], "content_span": [86, 841]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078579-0008-0000", "contents": "1960 United States presidential election in California, Primaries, Democratic primary\nKennedy, however, remained undecided as to whether or not he would compete in the state's primary.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 54], "section_span": [56, 85], "content_span": [86, 184]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078579-0009-0000", "contents": "1960 United States presidential election in California, Primaries, Democratic primary\nIn November 1958, the midterm elections delivered encouraging signs for Democratic prospects of carrying the state in 1960. Pat Brown had defeated the Nixon-backed Republican candidate,  outgoing U.S. Senate Minority Leader William Knowland, in the state's gubernatorial election and Democrat Clair Engle defeated the Nixon-backed Republican candidate, outgoing governor Goodwin Knight, in the race for the U.S. Senate seat being vacated by Knowland.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 54], "section_span": [56, 85], "content_span": [86, 536]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078579-0010-0000", "contents": "1960 United States presidential election in California, Primaries, Democratic primary\nCalifornia was one of several large state delegations to the Democratic National convention whose support the Kennedy campaign  came to believe was integral when they mapped-out his path to secure the nomination.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 54], "section_span": [56, 85], "content_span": [86, 298]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078579-0011-0000", "contents": "1960 United States presidential election in California, Primaries, Democratic primary\nThe Kennedy campaign was concerned that Brown might run against Kennedy as a favorite son in the primary. Brown saw himself as a potential running mate on the Democratic ticket. However, he recognized that his chances of being selected would disappear if Kennedy were the presidential nominee, as Brown and Kennedy were both Catholics and a ticket composed of two Catholics was improbable. Thus. Brown recognized that he would need for Kennedy to lose the nomination if he were to stand a chance at securing the vice-presidential nomination for himself.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 54], "section_span": [56, 85], "content_span": [86, 639]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078579-0012-0000", "contents": "1960 United States presidential election in California, Primaries, Democratic primary\nCalifornia's Democratic Party landscape at the time, stood largely divided between Brown loyalists and Adlai Stevenson supporters (many of whom had hopes of nominating Stevenson a third consecutive time).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 54], "section_span": [56, 85], "content_span": [86, 290]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078579-0013-0000", "contents": "1960 United States presidential election in California, Primaries, Democratic primary\nKennedy's campaign began to consider the possibility of pursuing a compromise with Brown in which he would run as a favorite candidate committed to Kennedy. Such a compromise would have granted Brown the profile and ego boost of winning the state's primary. It would have allowed Kennedy to eschew a scenario in which he could underperform or be defeated in one of the last primaries, which would weaken the momentum he needed to have heading into the convention.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 54], "section_span": [56, 85], "content_span": [86, 549]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078579-0013-0001", "contents": "1960 United States presidential election in California, Primaries, Democratic primary\nIt would also have avoided the risk of dividing the state party, which was important since a divided state party would have decimated any chance Kennedy stood of carrying the state in the general election. At the same time, such a compromise would still have secured the support of California's delegation for Kennedy. Kennedy's campaign decided that, so long as their candidate still had momentum from having won primaries in other key states, there would be no problem in having Brown run as a surrogate candidate in California.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 54], "section_span": [56, 85], "content_span": [86, 616]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078579-0013-0002", "contents": "1960 United States presidential election in California, Primaries, Democratic primary\nTo help persuade Brown to be inclined towards such an agreement, Larry O'Brien met with Brown on behalf of the campaign and showed him polling that Louis Harris had conducted for them which showed Kennedy winning the state 60% to 40% in a two-way race against Brown and was also beating him in a three-way matchup featuring Humphrey, polling 47% against Brown's 33% and Humphrey's 20%. The campaign ultimately reached an informal agreement with Brown to have him run, pledged to Kennedy, as a favorite son.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 54], "section_span": [56, 85], "content_span": [86, 592]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078579-0014-0000", "contents": "1960 United States presidential election in California, Primaries, Democratic primary\nDespite their informal agreement with Brown, Kennedy's campaign continued to possess worries about the state's primary. They were uncertain as to what degree Brown was intent on honoring their agreement. They also recognized that there was a potential that Stevenson might run in the state's primary. Another concern involved the candidacy of Hubert Humphrey. Kennedy's team believed that there was a possibility that Humphrey might file to run in the state.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 54], "section_span": [56, 85], "content_span": [86, 544]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078579-0014-0001", "contents": "1960 United States presidential election in California, Primaries, Democratic primary\nWhile Kennedy's campaign strategy aimed to have killed Humphrey's candidacy well in advance of the California primary by dealing him critical defeats in earlier primaries, they were still somewhat concerned about a potential scenario in which Kennedy would have failed to knock Humphrey out of the race and Humphrey ran in the California primary. They were worried that, in such an instance,  Brown might prove to be a much less effective an opponent to Humphrey than Kennedy himself would be.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 54], "section_span": [56, 85], "content_span": [86, 579]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078579-0015-0000", "contents": "1960 United States presidential election in California, Primaries, Democratic primary\nTo precautionarily leave open the campaign's options, on the March 9 deadline to file for the primary, Kennedy filed his own slate of prospective delegates which would be, at least tentatively, registered to run against Brown's slate. Humphrey filed a slate of his own later that day. This blindsided Brown, who believed that he had secured promises from both candidates that neither of them would run against him in the California primary.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 54], "section_span": [56, 85], "content_span": [86, 526]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078579-0016-0000", "contents": "1960 United States presidential election in California, Primaries, Democratic primary\nBy the time of the California primary, Humphrey had already ended his campaign. Since he had only filed as a precaution for the possibility of Humphrey competing in California, Kennedy attempted to make peace. Kennedy withdrew, granting Brown the opportunity to run unopposed.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 54], "section_span": [56, 85], "content_span": [86, 362]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078579-0017-0000", "contents": "1960 United States presidential election in California, Primaries, Democratic primary\nFeeling betrayed by Kennedy, Brown did not publicly endorse him, much to the chagrin of the Kennedy campaign. Brown, ultimately, held weak control over a fractious state delegation, whose ranks included a number of Stevenson loyalists, and Stevenson had left open the possibility of being drafted as a candidate at the convention. After failing to secure a public endorsement from Brown ahead of the convention, Kennedy and his team ultimately resorted to courting individual members of its delegation for their support.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 54], "section_span": [56, 85], "content_span": [86, 606]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078579-0018-0000", "contents": "1960 United States presidential election in California, Republican primary\nNixon won California's Republican primary, in which he was unopposed.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 54], "section_span": [56, 74], "content_span": [75, 144]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078580-0000-0000", "contents": "1960 United States presidential election in Colorado\nThe 1960 United States presidential election in Colorado took place on November 8, 1960, as part of the 1960 United States presidential election. State voters chose six representatives, or electors, to the Electoral College, who voted for president and vice president.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 52], "section_span": [52, 52], "content_span": [53, 321]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078580-0001-0000", "contents": "1960 United States presidential election in Colorado\nColorado was won by incumbent Vice President Richard Nixon (R\u2013California), running with United States Ambassador to the United Nations Henry Cabot Lodge, Jr., with 54.63% of the popular vote, against Senator John F. Kennedy (D\u2013Massachusetts), running with Senator Lyndon B. Johnson, with 44.91% of the popular vote.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 52], "section_span": [52, 52], "content_span": [53, 368]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078581-0000-0000", "contents": "1960 United States presidential election in Connecticut\nThe 1960 United States presidential election in Connecticut took place on November 8, 1960, as part of the 1960 United States presidential election, which was held throughout all 50 states. Voters chose eight representatives, or electors to the Electoral College, who voted for president and vice president.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 55], "section_span": [55, 55], "content_span": [56, 363]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078581-0001-0000", "contents": "1960 United States presidential election in Connecticut\nConnecticut voted for the Democratic nominee, Senator John F. Kennedy of Massachusetts, over the Republican nominee, Vice President Richard Nixon of California. Kennedy ran with Senate Majority Leader Lyndon B. Johnson of Texas, while Nixon's running mate was Ambassador Henry Cabot Lodge, Jr. of Massachusetts.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 55], "section_span": [55, 55], "content_span": [56, 367]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078581-0002-0000", "contents": "1960 United States presidential election in Connecticut\nKennedy carried Connecticut by a comfortable margin of 7.47%, making him the first Democratic winner in the state since Franklin D. Roosevelt in 1944.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 55], "section_span": [55, 55], "content_span": [56, 206]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078581-0003-0000", "contents": "1960 United States presidential election in Connecticut\nAs of 2020, this was the most recent presidential election in which the town of Mansfield was carried by the Republican nominee.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 55], "section_span": [55, 55], "content_span": [56, 184]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078582-0000-0000", "contents": "1960 United States presidential election in Delaware\nThe 1960 United States presidential election in Delaware took place on November 8, 1960, as part of the 1960 United States presidential election. State voters chose three representatives, or electors, to the Electoral College, who voted for president and vice president.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 52], "section_span": [52, 52], "content_span": [53, 323]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078582-0001-0000", "contents": "1960 United States presidential election in Delaware\nDelaware was won by Senator John F. Kennedy (D\u2013Massachusetts), running with Senator Lyndon B. Johnson, with 50.63% of the popular vote against incumbent Vice President Richard Nixon (R\u2013California), running with United States Ambassador to the United Nations Henry Cabot Lodge, Jr., with 49.00% of the popular vote.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 52], "section_span": [52, 52], "content_span": [53, 367]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078583-0000-0000", "contents": "1960 United States presidential election in Florida\nThe 1960 United States presidential election in Florida was held on November 8, 1960. All contemporary fifty states took part, and Florida voters selected 10 electors to the Electoral College, who voted for president and vice president.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 51], "section_span": [51, 51], "content_span": [52, 288]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078583-0001-0000", "contents": "1960 United States presidential election in Florida, Vote\nRepublican candidate Richard Nixon won against John F. Kennedy by 46,776 votes and by 3.02%. As of the 2020 Presidential Election, this is the last election in which Escambia County, Clay County, Okaloosa County, and Santa Rosa County voted for a Democratic presidential candidate. This was the first time that a Democrat was elected without winning Florida. This was also the first time since 1924 that Florida didn't vote for the winner of the presidential election. It would happen only two more times, in 1992 and 2020.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 51], "section_span": [53, 57], "content_span": [58, 581]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078584-0000-0000", "contents": "1960 United States presidential election in Georgia\nThe 1960 United States presidential election in Georgia took place on November 8, 1960, as part of the 1960 United States presidential election. Georgia voters chose 12 representatives, or electors, to the Electoral College, who voted for president and vice president.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 51], "section_span": [51, 51], "content_span": [52, 320]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078584-0001-0000", "contents": "1960 United States presidential election in Georgia\nGeorgia was won by Senator John F. Kennedy (D\u2013Massachusetts), running with Senator Lyndon B. Johnson, with 62.54% of the popular vote against incumbent Vice President Richard Nixon (R\u2013California), running with United States Ambassador to the United Nations Henry Cabot Lodge, Jr., with 37.43% of the popular vote. This is the first election where any Georgia county cast more than one hundred thousand votes, namely Fulton.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 51], "section_span": [51, 51], "content_span": [52, 475]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078585-0000-0000", "contents": "1960 United States presidential election in Hawaii\nThe 1960 presidential election in Hawaii was held on November 8, 1960, as part of the 1960 United States presidential election. This was the first presidential election in which Hawaii participated; the state had been admitted to the Union just over a year earlier. The islands favored Democrat John F. Kennedy by the narrowest of margins: 115 votes, or 0.06%. The state voted more Republican than the national average for the last time until it did the same again by less than a percentage point in two-party vote share in 1972.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 50], "section_span": [50, 50], "content_span": [51, 580]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078585-0001-0000", "contents": "1960 United States presidential election in Hawaii\nInitially it appeared Republican candidate Richard Nixon had won in the state, as he was 141 votes ahead after the first count. A court-ordered recount was still underway when Hawaii's Republican governor signed the certificate from the GOP electors giving the state's three electoral votes to Nixon. On the same day, the Democratic electors also issued a certificate awarding the votes to Kennedy. The final recount showed Kennedy had actually prevailed by 115 votes, forcing the governor to sign the second certificate from the Democratic electors.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 50], "section_span": [50, 50], "content_span": [51, 601]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078585-0001-0001", "contents": "1960 United States presidential election in Hawaii\nBoth certificates had arrived in Washington by the time Congress convened in January 1961, with then-Vice President Nixon charged with presiding over a joint session to certify his own election loss. Hearing no objections, Nixon ordered the Democratic certificate counted and ignored the accompanying Republican certificate, even though it also bore the governor's signature as required by federal law.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 50], "section_span": [50, 50], "content_span": [51, 453]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078585-0002-0000", "contents": "1960 United States presidential election in Hawaii\nThis is one of only two elections in which Hawaii's counties did not all back the same candidate (the other being 1980). Curiously, the county results in 1980 were the exact inverse\u2013 only Honolulu voted Republican, though unlike in this election it was insufficient to singlehandedly carry the state, while all three other counties voted for Jimmy Carter.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 50], "section_span": [50, 50], "content_span": [51, 406]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078585-0003-0000", "contents": "1960 United States presidential election in Hawaii, Bibliography\nThis Hawaii elections-related article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by .", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 50], "section_span": [52, 64], "content_span": [65, 141]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078586-0000-0000", "contents": "1960 United States presidential election in Idaho\nThe 1960 United States presidential election in Idaho took place on November 8, 1960, as part of the 1960 United States presidential election. State voters chose four representatives, or electors, to the Electoral College, who voted for president and vice president.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 49], "section_span": [49, 49], "content_span": [50, 316]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078586-0001-0000", "contents": "1960 United States presidential election in Idaho\nIdaho was won by incumbent Vice President Richard Nixon (R\u2013California), running with United States Ambassador to the United Nations Henry Cabot Lodge, Jr., with 53.78 percent of the popular vote, against Senator John F. Kennedy (D\u2013Massachusetts), running with Senator Lyndon B. Johnson, with 46.22 percent of the popular vote. As of the 2020 presidential election, this is the last election in which Custer County and Camas County voted for a Democratic presidential candidate.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 49], "section_span": [49, 49], "content_span": [50, 527]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078586-0002-0000", "contents": "1960 United States presidential election in Idaho\nNixon won Idaho by 22,744 votes, or 7.6%, which was significantly less than fellow Republican Dwight D. Eisenhower in 1956, who won the state by a margin of 22.4%, or 61,111 votes. 4 years later, Democrat Lyndon B. Johnson would win the state by a margin of 1.83%, or 5,363 votes, which as of the 2020 presidential election, is the last time a Democratic presidential candidate has carried the state, or even broke 40% of the total vote. Excluding Johnson's win in 1964, as of the 2020 presidential election, this is the last time a Democratic presidential candidate has come within single digits of winning the state.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 49], "section_span": [49, 49], "content_span": [50, 668]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078587-0000-0000", "contents": "1960 United States presidential election in Illinois\nThe 1960 United States presidential election in Illinois took place on November 8, 1960, as part of the 1960 United States presidential election. State voters chose 27 representatives, or electors, to the Electoral College, who voted for president and vice president.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 52], "section_span": [52, 52], "content_span": [53, 320]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078587-0001-0000", "contents": "1960 United States presidential election in Illinois\nIn the nation's second-closest race following Hawaii, Illinois was won by Senator John F. Kennedy (D\u2013Massachusetts), running with Senator Lyndon B. Johnson, with 49.98% of the popular vote against incumbent Vice President Richard Nixon (R\u2013California), running with United States Ambassador to the United Nations Henry Cabot Lodge, Jr., with 49.80% of the popular vote, a margin of victory of only 0.18%. To date, this is the last time Illinois did not vote for the same candidate as California, and the last time until 2016 when Illinois would vote Democrat, while the Republican candidate won the state of Wisconsin.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 52], "section_span": [52, 52], "content_span": [53, 670]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078587-0002-0000", "contents": "1960 United States presidential election in Illinois, Election information\nThe primaries and general elections coincided with those for other federal offices (Senate and House), as well as those for state offices.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 52], "section_span": [54, 74], "content_span": [75, 213]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078587-0003-0000", "contents": "1960 United States presidential election in Illinois, Election information, Turnout\nTurnout in the state-run primary elections (Democratic and Republican) was 16.43% with a total of 836,458 votes cast.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 52], "section_span": [54, 83], "content_span": [84, 201]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078587-0004-0000", "contents": "1960 United States presidential election in Illinois, Election information, Turnout\nTurnout during the general election was 86.51%, with 4,757,409 votes cast.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 52], "section_span": [54, 83], "content_span": [84, 158]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078587-0005-0000", "contents": "1960 United States presidential election in Illinois, Primaries\nBoth major parties held non-binding state-run preferential primaries on April 12.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 52], "section_span": [54, 63], "content_span": [64, 145]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078587-0006-0000", "contents": "1960 United States presidential election in Illinois, Primaries, Democratic\nThe 1960 Illinois Democratic presidential primary was held on April 12, 1960 in the U.S. state of Illinois as one of the Democratic Party's state primaries ahead of the 1960 presidential election.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 52], "section_span": [54, 75], "content_span": [76, 272]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078587-0007-0000", "contents": "1960 United States presidential election in Illinois, Primaries, Democratic\nThe popular vote was a non-binding \"beauty contest\". Delegates were instead elected by direct votes by congressional district on delegate candidates.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 52], "section_span": [54, 75], "content_span": [76, 225]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078587-0008-0000", "contents": "1960 United States presidential election in Illinois, Primaries, Democratic\nAll candidates were write-ins. Kennedy ran a write-in campaign, and no candidate actively ran against him in Illinois.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 52], "section_span": [54, 75], "content_span": [76, 194]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078587-0009-0000", "contents": "1960 United States presidential election in Illinois, Primaries, Democratic\nNot all of the vote-getters had been declared candidates. Johnson, Stevenson, and Symington had all sat out the primaries.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 52], "section_span": [54, 75], "content_span": [76, 198]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078587-0010-0000", "contents": "1960 United States presidential election in Illinois, Primaries, Democratic\nChicago mayor Richard J. Daley, head of the Cook County Democratic Party, promised to deliver Kennedy the support of Cook County's delegates, so long as Kennedy won competitive primaries in other states.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 52], "section_span": [54, 75], "content_span": [76, 279]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078587-0011-0000", "contents": "1960 United States presidential election in Illinois, Primaries, Republican\nThe 1960 Illinois Republican presidential primary was held on April 12, 1960 in the U.S. state of Illinois as one of the Republican Party's state primaries ahead of the 1960 presidential election.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 52], "section_span": [54, 75], "content_span": [76, 272]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078587-0012-0000", "contents": "1960 United States presidential election in Illinois, Primaries, Republican\nThe preference vote was a \"beauty contest\". Delegates were instead selected by direct-vote in each congressional districts on delegate candidates.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 52], "section_span": [54, 75], "content_span": [76, 222]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078587-0013-0000", "contents": "1960 United States presidential election in Illinois, Controversy\nSome, including Republican legislators and journalists, believed that Kennedy benefited from vote fraud from Mayor Richard J. Daley's powerful Chicago political machine.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 52], "section_span": [54, 65], "content_span": [66, 235]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078587-0014-0000", "contents": "1960 United States presidential election in Illinois, Controversy\nDaley's machine was known for \"delivering whopping Democratic tallies by fair means and foul.\" Republicans tried and failed to overturn the results at the time\u2014as well as in ten other states. Some journalists also later claimed that mobster Sam Giancana and his Chicago crime syndicate \"played a role\" in Kennedy's victory. Nixon's campaign staff urged him to pursue recounts and challenge the validity of Kennedy's victory, but Nixon gave a speech three days after the election that he would not contest the election.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 52], "section_span": [54, 65], "content_span": [66, 584]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078587-0015-0000", "contents": "1960 United States presidential election in Illinois, Controversy\nA myth arose that Daley held back much of the Chicago vote until the late morning hours of November 9. However, when the Republican Chicago Tribune went to press, 79% of Cook County precincts had reported, compared to just 62% of Illinois's precincts overall. Moreover, Nixon never led in Illinois, and Kennedy's lead merely shrank as election night went on. Earl Mazo, a reporter for the pro-Nixon New York Herald Tribune and his biographer, investigated the voting in Chicago and \"claimed to have discovered sufficient evidence of vote fraud to prove that the state was stolen for Kennedy.\"", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 52], "section_span": [54, 65], "content_span": [66, 658]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078587-0016-0000", "contents": "1960 United States presidential election in Illinois, Controversy\nA special prosecutor assigned to the case brought charges against 650 people, who were acquitted by a judge who was a \"Daley crony.\" Three Chicago election workers were convicted of voter fraud in 1962 and served short terms in jail. Mazo, the Herald-Tribune reporter, later said that he \"found names of the dead who had voted in Chicago, along with 56 people from one house.\" He found cases of Republican voter fraud in southern Illinois but said that the totals \"did not match the Chicago fraud he found.\"", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 52], "section_span": [54, 65], "content_span": [66, 573]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078587-0017-0000", "contents": "1960 United States presidential election in Illinois, Controversy\nAn academic study in 1985 later analyzed the ballots of two disputed precincts in Chicago which were subject to a recount. It found that while there was a pattern of miscounting votes to the advantage of Democratic candidates, Nixon suffered less than Republicans in other races, and the extrapolated error would have reduced his Illinois margin only from 8,858 votes, the final official total, to just under 8,000. It concluded there was insufficient evidence that he had been cheated out of winning Illinois.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 52], "section_span": [54, 65], "content_span": [66, 576]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078588-0000-0000", "contents": "1960 United States presidential election in Indiana\nThe 1960 United States presidential election in Indiana took place on November 8, 1960, as part of the 1960 United States presidential election. State voters chose 13 representatives, or electors, to the Electoral College, who voted for president and vice president.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 51], "section_span": [51, 51], "content_span": [52, 318]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078588-0001-0000", "contents": "1960 United States presidential election in Indiana\nIndiana was won by incumbent Vice President Richard Nixon (R\u2013California), running with United States Ambassador to the United Nations Henry Cabot Lodge, Jr., with 55.03% of the popular vote, against Senator John F. Kennedy (D\u2013Massachusetts), running with Senator Lyndon B. Johnson, with 44.60% of the popular vote.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 51], "section_span": [51, 51], "content_span": [52, 366]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078588-0002-0000", "contents": "1960 United States presidential election in Indiana, Primaries, Democratic primary\nLarry O'Brien's first campaign trip for the Kennedy campaign was a five day trip to Indiana in April 1959. He determined that, \"there was no great groundswell for Kennedy\" in the state. However  he found no signs of an active Symington effort in state. O'Brien found that the field was relatively clear in the state, with only whispers of a possible favorite son candidate running to lead a unified and uncommitted delegation to the convention, with Vance Hartke being a favorite speculative individual to fill such a role.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 51], "section_span": [53, 82], "content_span": [83, 606]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078588-0003-0000", "contents": "1960 United States presidential election in Indiana, Primaries, Democratic primary\nStuart Symington ultimately made a decision to abandon plans of actively competing in primaries. This opened up Indiana to other candidates. Symington, a Missourian, would have had a distinct advantage winning the vote of winning votes in another Midwestern state with a similar electorate to his own state.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 51], "section_span": [53, 82], "content_span": [83, 390]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078589-0000-0000", "contents": "1960 United States presidential election in Iowa\nThe 1960 United States presidential election in Iowa took place on November 8, 1960, as part of the 1960 United States presidential election. Voters chose ten representatives, or electors, to the Electoral College, who voted for president and vice president.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 48], "section_span": [48, 48], "content_span": [49, 307]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078589-0001-0000", "contents": "1960 United States presidential election in Iowa\nIowa was won by incumbent Vice President Richard Nixon (R\u2013California), running with United States Ambassador to the United Nations Henry Cabot Lodge, Jr., with 56.71% of the popular vote, against Senator John F. Kennedy (D\u2013Massachusetts), running with Senator Lyndon B. Johnson, with 43.22% of the popular vote. As of the 2020 presidential election, this is the last election in which Johnson County voted for a Republican presidential candidate.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 48], "section_span": [48, 48], "content_span": [49, 495]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078589-0002-0000", "contents": "1960 United States presidential election in Iowa, Primaries, Democratic precinct caucuses\nWhile no statewide vote was held, a system of precinct caucuses were used to select delegates. Edward A. McDermott led a, first-of-its-kind- coordinated effort for the Kennedy campaign which sought to shape the results of Iowa's precinct caucuses in order to secure an Iowa delegation which favored Kennedy's candidacy. These precinct caucuses had been largely ignored by most political circles, providing an opportunity for Kennedy. His campaign had been targeting Iowa as a top priority state in its delegate strategy since, at latest, 1959, setting a goal to secure the support of 18 of the state's 26 delegates.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 48], "section_span": [50, 89], "content_span": [90, 705]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078589-0003-0000", "contents": "1960 United States presidential election in Iowa, Primaries, Democratic precinct caucuses\nFor years, Kennedy had been seeking to curry favor with Iowa's Democratic governor, Herschel Loveless, who had fiercely opposed Kennedy's effort to secure the vice-presidential nomination at the 1956 Democratic National Convention. Kennedy hoped to persuade Loveless against putting himself forward in 1960 as a favorite son (carrying the support of his state's delegation for himself in order to leave it united and unbound to any top contender).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 48], "section_span": [50, 89], "content_span": [90, 537]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078589-0003-0001", "contents": "1960 United States presidential election in Iowa, Primaries, Democratic precinct caucuses\nLoveless had been neutral for a long time, and continued to remain open to a multitude of candidates as well as a prospect of running as a favorite son (perhaps leveraging that as a means of securing the vice-presidential nomination). However, Kennedy began to secure more and more grassroots support in Iowa.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 48], "section_span": [50, 89], "content_span": [90, 399]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078589-0004-0000", "contents": "1960 United States presidential election in Iowa, Primaries, Democratic precinct caucuses\nMcDermott heavily organized in Iowa, more than compensating for the potential disadvantage Kennedy held due to the fact that a number of possible opponents (such as Hubert Humphrey, Stuart Symington, and Adlai Stevenson II) came from states which directly neighbored Iowa. In the Spring of 1959, McDermott founded the \"Iowans for Kennedy\" political club and appointed Lumond F. Wilcox, a leading Medodist figure in the state, as its co-chairman in an effort to alleviate the concerns many Iowans still held about Kennedy's Catholic faith.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 48], "section_span": [50, 89], "content_span": [90, 628]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078589-0005-0000", "contents": "1960 United States presidential election in Iowa, Primaries, Democratic precinct caucuses\nMcDermott also recruited Iowan Democrats to run at local precinct caucuses.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 48], "section_span": [50, 89], "content_span": [90, 165]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078589-0006-0000", "contents": "1960 United States presidential election in Iowa, Primaries, Democratic precinct caucuses\nBy late autumn, a Des Moines Register poll of the Iowa Democratic Party's 99 county party chairmen showed that the county leaders had come to favor Kennedy 3 to 2 over Symington and 3 to 1 over either Stevenson of Humphrey.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 48], "section_span": [50, 89], "content_span": [90, 313]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078590-0000-0000", "contents": "1960 United States presidential election in Kansas\nThe 1960 United States presidential election in Kansas took place on November 8, 1960, as part of the 1960 United States presidential election. Voters chose eight representatives, or electors, to the Electoral College, who voted for president and vice president.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 50], "section_span": [50, 50], "content_span": [51, 313]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078590-0001-0000", "contents": "1960 United States presidential election in Kansas\nKansas was won by incumbent Vice President Richard Nixon (R\u2013California), running with United States Ambassador to the United Nations Henry Cabot Lodge, Jr., with 60.45% of the popular vote, against Senator John F. Kennedy (D\u2013Massachusetts), running with Senator Lyndon B. Johnson, with 39.10% of the popular vote.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 50], "section_span": [50, 50], "content_span": [51, 364]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078590-0002-0000", "contents": "1960 United States presidential election in Kansas\nKennedy carried only heavily Catholic Ellis County and urbanized Wyandotte County, the home of Kansas City, Kansas, which has become the Democrats' most reliable county in Kansas during presidential elections.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 50], "section_span": [50, 50], "content_span": [51, 260]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078590-0003-0000", "contents": "1960 United States presidential election in Kansas\nWith 60.45% of the popular vote, Kansas would prove to be Nixon's second strongest state in the 1960 election after Nebraska.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 50], "section_span": [50, 50], "content_span": [51, 176]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078591-0000-0000", "contents": "1960 United States presidential election in Kentucky\nThe 1960 United States presidential election in Kentucky took place on November 8, 1960, as part of the 1960 United States presidential election. Kentucky voters chose 10 representatives, or electors, to the Electoral College, who voted for president and vice president.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 52], "section_span": [52, 52], "content_span": [53, 323]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078591-0001-0000", "contents": "1960 United States presidential election in Kentucky\nKentucky was won by incumbent Vice President Richard Nixon (R\u2013California), running with United States Ambassador to the United Nations Henry Cabot Lodge, Jr., with 53.59 percent of the popular vote, against Senator John F. Kennedy (D\u2013Massachusetts), running with Senator Lyndon B. Johnson, with 46.41 percent of the popular vote. Nixon was the only Republican to win Kentucky but lose the election until John McCain did so in 2008.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 52], "section_span": [52, 52], "content_span": [53, 484]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078592-0000-0000", "contents": "1960 United States presidential election in Louisiana\nThe 1960 United States presidential election in Louisiana took place on November 8, 1960, as part of the 1960 United States presidential election. State voters chose ten representatives, or electors, to the Electoral College, who voted for president and vice president.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 53], "section_span": [53, 53], "content_span": [54, 323]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078592-0001-0000", "contents": "1960 United States presidential election in Louisiana\nLouisiana was won by Senator John F. Kennedy (D\u2013Massachusetts), running with Senator Lyndon B. Johnson, with 50.42% of the popular vote against incumbent Vice President Richard Nixon (R\u2013California), running with United States Ambassador to the United Nations Henry Cabot Lodge, Jr., with 28.59% of the popular vote.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 53], "section_span": [53, 53], "content_span": [54, 369]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078592-0002-0000", "contents": "1960 United States presidential election in Louisiana\nLouisiana has a higher Roman Catholic population than the rest of Southern United States, greatly benefiting Kennedy, the second Roman Catholic to head a major party ticket and the first elected to the presidency. This Catholic base was concentrated in the southern half of the state, while Nixon and an unpledged States\u2019 Rights slate split the northern Protestant parishes, with Nixon winning the less fertile poor white parishes and the unpledged slate the northern Black Belt. As of the 2020 presidential election, this is the last election in which Jefferson Parish and St. Tammany Parish voted for a Democratic presidential candidate.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 53], "section_span": [53, 53], "content_span": [54, 693]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078593-0000-0000", "contents": "1960 United States presidential election in Maine\nThe 1960 United States presidential election in Maine took place on November 8, 1960, as part of the 1960 United States presidential election, which was held throughout all 50 states. Voters chose five representatives, or electors to the Electoral College, who voted for president and vice president.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 49], "section_span": [49, 49], "content_span": [50, 350]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078593-0001-0000", "contents": "1960 United States presidential election in Maine\nMaine voted for the Republican nominee, Vice President Richard Nixon of California, over the Democratic nominee, Senator John F. Kennedy of Massachusetts. Nixon's ran with Ambassador Henry Cabot Lodge, Jr. of Massachusetts, while Kennedy ran with Senate Majority Leader Lyndon B. Johnson of Texas.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 49], "section_span": [49, 49], "content_span": [50, 347]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078594-0000-0000", "contents": "1960 United States presidential election in Maryland\nThe 1960 United States presidential election in Maryland took place on November 8, 1960, as part of the 1960 United States presidential election. State voters chose nine representatives, or electors, to the Electoral College, who voted for president and vice president.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 52], "section_span": [52, 52], "content_span": [53, 322]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078594-0001-0000", "contents": "1960 United States presidential election in Maryland\nMaryland was won by Senator John F. Kennedy (D\u2013Massachusetts), running with Senator Lyndon B. Johnson, with 53.61% of the popular vote against incumbent Vice President Richard Nixon (R\u2013California), running with United States Ambassador to the United Nations Henry Cabot Lodge, Jr., with 46.39% of the popular vote.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 52], "section_span": [52, 52], "content_span": [53, 367]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078595-0000-0000", "contents": "1960 United States presidential election in Massachusetts\nThe 1960 United States presidential election in Massachusetts took place on November 8, 1960, as part of the 1960 United States presidential election, which was held throughout all 50 states. Voters chose 16 representatives, or electors to the Electoral College, who voted for president and vice president.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 57], "section_span": [57, 57], "content_span": [58, 364]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078595-0001-0000", "contents": "1960 United States presidential election in Massachusetts\nMassachusetts voted overwhelmingly for the Democratic nominee, John F. Kennedy, who was serving as the state's junior U.S. senator, over the Republican nominee, Vice President Richard Nixon of California. Kennedy ran with Senate Majority Leader Lyndon B. Johnson of Texas, while Nixon's running mate was Ambassador Henry Cabot Lodge, Jr. of Massachusetts.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 57], "section_span": [57, 57], "content_span": [58, 413]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078595-0002-0000", "contents": "1960 United States presidential election in Massachusetts\nKennedy carried his home state of Massachusetts in a landslide, taking 60.22% of the vote to Nixon's 39.55%, a Democratic victory margin of 20.67%. This made it the third most Democratic state in the nation, after Rhode Island and Georgia.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 57], "section_span": [57, 57], "content_span": [58, 297]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078595-0003-0000", "contents": "1960 United States presidential election in Massachusetts\nAs Kennedy narrowly defeated Nixon nationally to win the presidency, Massachusetts weighed in for this election as about 21% more Democratic than the national average.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 57], "section_span": [57, 57], "content_span": [58, 225]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078595-0004-0000", "contents": "1960 United States presidential election in Massachusetts\nMassachusetts had been a Democratic-leaning state since 1928, when the Democratic Party had nominated the first Roman Catholic nominee for president, Al Smith. While Smith lost nationally in a landslide, partially due to anti-Catholic prejudice in much of the country, he won Massachusetts due to the massive turnout and support of the many Irish Catholics in the state. In 1960, John F. Kennedy became the second Roman Catholic presidential nominee by a major party, and again his religion became an issue in some regions of the country. However, there was little doubt that Kennedy, an Irish Catholic born in Brookline, Massachusetts, would be able to carry Massachusetts in his presidential run.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 57], "section_span": [57, 57], "content_span": [58, 756]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078595-0005-0000", "contents": "1960 United States presidential election in Massachusetts\nSince 1928, Massachusetts had been a swing state, having voted for Democrats Franklin D. Roosevelt and Harry S. Truman in the 1930s and 1940s, but voting for Republican Dwight D. Eisenhower in both 1952 and 1956. In 1956, Eisenhower had carried the state by 19 points. The 21-point margin by which Kennedy won the Bay State 4 years later thus represented a massive 40-point swing toward the Democrats between the 1956 and 1960 elections. Kennedy\u2019s landslide victory in 1960 finally solidified the transformation of Massachusetts into a Democratic stronghold in the modern era. For the first time in American presidential history, in 1960, a Democrat broke 60% of the vote in Massachusetts, and thus Kennedy's 60.22% was the highest percentage of the vote any Democrat had ever received in the state up to that point.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 57], "section_span": [57, 57], "content_span": [58, 874]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078595-0006-0000", "contents": "1960 United States presidential election in Massachusetts\nReligion was a major dividing factor in shaping the vote in 1960. Nixon's running mate, Henry Cabot Lodge, was also from Massachusetts, and had served the state as a Republican Senator, but was a Protestant, and represented traditional Protestant Yankee Republicanism in Massachusetts. Kennedy, an Irish Catholic Democrat, represented an entirely different strain of Massachusetts politics, the emerging majority coalition of urban and ethnic immigrant voters. In 1952, Kennedy had first defeated Lodge to take the latter's U.S. Senate seat, symbolizing this new Democratic coalition's rise in the state. The residual Yankee Republicanism combined with the popularity of the Republican incumbent Eisenhower allowed Nixon to take a decent 39.55% of the vote, but by 1960, the ethnic Catholic vote held a decisive majority in Massachusetts, and turnout among Catholic voters reached record highs in 1960.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 57], "section_span": [57, 57], "content_span": [58, 960]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078595-0007-0000", "contents": "1960 United States presidential election in Massachusetts\nKennedy carried 9 of the state\u2019s 14 counties, including the most heavily populated parts of the state surrounding the large cities of Boston, Worcester, and Springfield. Nixon carried only 5 counties, 3 of them island or peninsula counties. Nixon\u2019s most significant win was Plymouth County, which he won narrowly with 51% of the vote.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 57], "section_span": [57, 57], "content_span": [58, 392]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078595-0008-0000", "contents": "1960 United States presidential election in Massachusetts\nKennedy put in an historically strong performance in the state's capital and largest city, Boston, home to many Catholics of Irish and Italian immigrant heritage. In Suffolk County, where Boston is located, Kennedy won a landslide with 74.4% of the vote to Nixon\u2019s 25%, the first time in history that a presidential candidate had received more than 70% of the vote in the county. Kennedy was also the first Democrat to carry Norfolk County since Martin van Buren in 1836.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 57], "section_span": [57, 57], "content_span": [58, 529]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078595-0009-0000", "contents": "1960 United States presidential election in Massachusetts\nThe decisive Democratic win in 1960 would foreshadow the political direction Massachusetts would take in the years to come, as it would become one of the most Democratic states in the nation in the elections that followed. In 1964 and 1968, Democratic nominees Lyndon Johnson and Hubert Humphrey (respectively) would even outperform Kennedy, and in 1972 it would be the only state in the nation to vote for Democrat George McGovern, ultimately making it the only state that Richard Nixon never won in any of his three presidential campaigns.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 57], "section_span": [57, 57], "content_span": [58, 599]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078595-0010-0000", "contents": "1960 United States presidential election in Massachusetts\nThe 1960 election was also the last time a candidate who declared Massachusetts as his home state won the presidency regardless of his performance in the state. The next 3 presidential nominees whose home state was Massachusetts, Michael Dukakis, John Kerry, and Mitt Romney, all lost their respective presidential bids.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 57], "section_span": [57, 57], "content_span": [58, 378]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078596-0000-0000", "contents": "1960 United States presidential election in Michigan\nThe 1960 United States presidential election in Michigan took place on November 8, 1960, as part of the 1960 United States presidential election. Voters chose 20 representatives, or electors, to the Electoral College, who voted for president and vice president.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 52], "section_span": [52, 52], "content_span": [53, 314]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078596-0001-0000", "contents": "1960 United States presidential election in Michigan\nMichigan was won by Senator John F. Kennedy (D\u2013Massachusetts), running with Senator Lyndon B. Johnson, with 50.85% of the popular vote against incumbent Vice President Richard Nixon (R\u2013California), running with United States Ambassador to the United Nations Henry Cabot Lodge, Jr., with 48.84% of the popular vote. This was the first time a Democratic candidate won Michigan since 1944.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 52], "section_span": [52, 52], "content_span": [53, 439]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078597-0000-0000", "contents": "1960 United States presidential election in Minnesota\nThe 1960 United States presidential election in Minnesota took place on November 8, 1960 as part of the 1960 United States presidential election. Voters chose 11 electors, or representatives to the Electoral College, who voted for president and vice president.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 53], "section_span": [53, 53], "content_span": [54, 314]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078597-0001-0000", "contents": "1960 United States presidential election in Minnesota\nMinnesota was won by the Democratic Party candidate U.S. Senator John F. Kennedy of Massachusetts won the state over incumbent Vice President Richard Nixon by a margin of 22,018 votes, or 1.42%. Kennedy went on to win the election nationally, but by the closest margin since James Garfield's 0.11% victory over Winfield Scott Hancock in 1880. This was the last presidential election held in Minnesota before the elimination of the 9th congressional district in 1963. It was also the last time Mower County voted for a Republican presidential candidate until Donald Trump in 2016. This also marks the last time the Democratic presidential candidate won Minnesota without carrying heavily populated Hennepin County, the home of Minneapolis.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 53], "section_span": [53, 53], "content_span": [54, 792]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078598-0000-0000", "contents": "1960 United States presidential election in Mississippi\nThe 1960 United States presidential election in Mississippi took place on November 8, 1960, as part of the 1960 United States presidential election. Voters chose eight representatives, or electors to the Electoral College, who voted for president and vice president. This was the last election in which Mississippi had eight electoral votes: the Great Migration caused the state to lose congressional districts for the third time in four censuses before the next election.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 55], "section_span": [55, 55], "content_span": [56, 528]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078598-0001-0000", "contents": "1960 United States presidential election in Mississippi\nThe election saw the only case of a state being carried by a slate of unpledged electors. The Magnolia State voted narrowly for this slate, who voted unanimously for long-time Virginia Senator and political machine director Harry Flood Byrd, over the national Democratic nominee John F. Kennedy. Republican nominee and outgoing vice-President Richard Nixon came in third, with his percentage of the vote practically unchanged from what President Dwight D. Eisenhower recorded in 1956.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 55], "section_span": [55, 55], "content_span": [56, 540]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078598-0002-0000", "contents": "1960 United States presidential election in Mississippi\nGovernor Ross Barnett, a segregationist, was faced with a severe dilemma upon becoming governor at the beginning of the year owing to the rigid opposition of Mississippi's limited and almost exclusively white electorate to the active Civil Rights Movement. Pressured by the \"Citizens' Council\" who wished to unite the South behind a white-supremacist Democratic candidate, Governor Barnett repeated James P. Coleman's strategy from 1956 and nominated two sets of Democratic Party electors for the presidential ballot. The first slate was pledged to Kennedy, while the other was not pledged to any candidate. The aim of placing unpledged electors on the ballot was to gain leverage from either major party in a close election.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 55], "section_span": [55, 55], "content_span": [56, 781]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078598-0003-0000", "contents": "1960 United States presidential election in Mississippi\nBecause Kennedy's record on civil rights was considered poor by the movement's supporters, Senators John C. Stennis and James Eastland supported his candidacy, although state-level politicians were not at all supportive. Outside the heavily French-settled coastal counties, which have greater cultural ties with Louisiana than with the rest of Mississippi, Kennedy's Catholic faith was also considered suspect. In these coastal counties, Kennedy improved very considerably upon what Adlai Stevenson II had achieved in 1956, but except for those counties around the cities of Natchez and Vicksburg, Kennedy showed a major decline from the Democratic result in 1956.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 55], "section_span": [55, 55], "content_span": [56, 720]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078598-0003-0001", "contents": "1960 United States presidential election in Mississippi\nSince the Republican percentage of the vote essentially failed to change \u2013 Nixon lost heavily French Hancock County to Kennedy and Adams and Warren to the unpledged slate but picked up Tunica County and Lowndes County \u2013 the unpledged slate took almost all of Kennedy's lost votes and thus shaded him for the state overall.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 55], "section_span": [55, 55], "content_span": [56, 378]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078598-0004-0000", "contents": "1960 United States presidential election in Mississippi\nDespite Kennedy's statewide defeat being only the second for a national Democrat in Mississippi since Reconstruction, this remains the last election when the coastal, French-influenced counties of Harrison and Jackson have voted for a Democratic presidential nominee. The following landlocked counties have also never voted Democratic since: Choctaw, Jones and Smith. Warren County would not vote Democratic again until Barack Obama won it in 2012.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 55], "section_span": [55, 55], "content_span": [56, 504]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078599-0000-0000", "contents": "1960 United States presidential election in Missouri\nThe 1960 United States presidential election in Missouri took place on November 8, 1960, as part of the 1960 United States presidential election. Voters chose 13 representatives, or electors, to the Electoral College, who voted for president and vice president.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 52], "section_span": [52, 52], "content_span": [53, 314]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078599-0001-0000", "contents": "1960 United States presidential election in Missouri\nIn the nation's third-closest race, Missouri was won by Senator John F. Kennedy (D\u2013Massachusetts), running with Senator Lyndon B. Johnson, with 50.26% of the popular vote against incumbent Vice President Richard Nixon (R\u2013California), running with United States Ambassador to the United Nations Henry Cabot Lodge, Jr., with 49.74% of the popular vote. As of the 2020 presidential election, this is the last election in which Osage County voted for a Democratic Presidential candidate. It also remains the most recent election in which a Northern Democrat has carried Missouri.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 52], "section_span": [52, 52], "content_span": [53, 628]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078599-0001-0001", "contents": "1960 United States presidential election in Missouri\nThe only subsequent Democratic nominees to carry the state have been from the South (Lyndon B. Johnson of Texas, Jimmy Carter of Georgia, and Bill Clinton of  neighboring Arkansas)--although Northern Democrat Barack Obama of neighboring Illinois came very close to winning it in 2008, losing it by a razor-thin margin of 0.13% and fewer than 4,000 votes.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 52], "section_span": [52, 52], "content_span": [53, 407]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078599-0002-0000", "contents": "1960 United States presidential election in Missouri\nA 101,000-vote margin in Kennedy's favor in St. Louis was nearly 10 times Kennedy's statewide margin.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 52], "section_span": [52, 52], "content_span": [53, 154]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078600-0000-0000", "contents": "1960 United States presidential election in Montana\nThe 1960 United States presidential election in Montana took place on November 8, 1960 as part of the 1960 United States presidential election. Voters chose four representatives, or electors to the Electoral College, who voted for president and vice president.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 51], "section_span": [51, 51], "content_span": [52, 312]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078600-0001-0000", "contents": "1960 United States presidential election in Montana\nMontana narrowly voted for the Republican nominee, Vice President Richard Nixon, over the Democratic nominee, Massachusetts Senator John F. Kennedy. Nixon won Montana by a slim margin of 2.50%.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 51], "section_span": [51, 51], "content_span": [52, 245]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078601-0000-0000", "contents": "1960 United States presidential election in Nebraska\nThe 1960 United States presidential election in Nebraska took place on November 8, 1960, as part of the 1960 United States presidential election. Voters chose six representatives, or electors, to the Electoral College, who voted for president and vice president.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 52], "section_span": [52, 52], "content_span": [53, 315]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078601-0001-0000", "contents": "1960 United States presidential election in Nebraska\nNebraska was won by incumbent Vice President Richard Nixon (R\u2013California), running with United States Ambassador to the United Nations Henry Cabot Lodge, Jr., with 62.07% of the popular vote, against Senator John F. Kennedy (D\u2013Massachusetts), running with Senator Lyndon B. Johnson, with 37.93% of the popular vote.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 52], "section_span": [52, 52], "content_span": [53, 368]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078601-0002-0000", "contents": "1960 United States presidential election in Nebraska\nWith 62.07% of the popular vote, Nebraska would prove to be Nixon's strongest state in the 1960 election.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 52], "section_span": [52, 52], "content_span": [53, 158]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078601-0003-0000", "contents": "1960 United States presidential election in Nebraska, Primaries, Democratic primary\nWhile an effort by Stuart Symington or Hubert Humphrey could have, on paper, been successful in Nebraska's primary, Kennedy had managed to outmaneuver them, laying early groundwork which gave him a solid lead in the state.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 52], "section_span": [54, 83], "content_span": [84, 306]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078601-0004-0000", "contents": "1960 United States presidential election in Nebraska, Primaries, Democratic primary\nKennedy managed, in early 1958, to secure Bernard Boyle's support.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 52], "section_span": [54, 83], "content_span": [84, 150]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078601-0005-0000", "contents": "1960 United States presidential election in Nebraska, Primaries, Democratic primary\nBy the time that others such as Humphrey, Symington, and Johnson began to inquire with Boyle about their own prospective candidacies, they learned that they had a arrived a year too late.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 52], "section_span": [54, 83], "content_span": [84, 271]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078601-0006-0000", "contents": "1960 United States presidential election in Nebraska, Primaries, Democratic primary\nKennedy went in to win the primary, unchallenged. With the exception of Kennedy, all candidates were write-ins.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 52], "section_span": [54, 83], "content_span": [84, 195]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078601-0007-0000", "contents": "1960 United States presidential election in Nebraska, Primaries, Republican primary\nNixon won the state's Republican primary. All candidates were write-ins.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 52], "section_span": [54, 83], "content_span": [84, 156]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078602-0000-0000", "contents": "1960 United States presidential election in Nevada\nThe 1960 United States presidential election in Nevada took place on November 8, 1960, as part of the 1960 United States presidential election. State voters chose three representatives, or electors, to the Electoral College, who voted for president and vice president. Nevada was the only western pacific state carried by then Senator Kennedy. All surrounding states including California, Arizona, Utah, Idaho, and Oregon voted for Nixon.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 50], "section_span": [50, 50], "content_span": [51, 489]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078602-0001-0000", "contents": "1960 United States presidential election in Nevada\nNevada was won by Senator John F. Kennedy (D\u2013Massachusetts), running with Senator Lyndon B. Johnson, with 51.16% of the popular vote against incumbent Vice President Richard Nixon (R\u2013California), running with United States Ambassador to the United Nations Henry Cabot Lodge, Jr., with 48.84% of the popular vote.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 50], "section_span": [50, 50], "content_span": [51, 363]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078602-0002-0000", "contents": "1960 United States presidential election in Nevada\nAlthough Nixon lost the state and the election, he would later win Nevada in both 1968 and 1972.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 50], "section_span": [50, 50], "content_span": [51, 147]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078603-0000-0000", "contents": "1960 United States presidential election in New Hampshire\nThe 1960 United States presidential election in New Hampshire took place on November 8, 1960, as part of the 1960 United States presidential election, which was held throughout all 50 states. Voters chose four representatives, or electors to the Electoral College, who voted for president and vice president.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 57], "section_span": [57, 57], "content_span": [58, 366]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078603-0001-0000", "contents": "1960 United States presidential election in New Hampshire\nNew Hampshire was won by the Republican nominees, incumbent Vice President Richard Nixon of California, and his running mate  Ambassador Henry Cabot Lodge, Jr. of Massachusetts. Nixon and Lodge defeated the Democratic nominees, Senator John F. Kennedy of Massachusetts and his running mate Senate Majority Leader Lyndon B. Johnson of Texas.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 57], "section_span": [57, 57], "content_span": [58, 398]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078603-0002-0000", "contents": "1960 United States presidential election in New Hampshire\nNixon took 53.42% of the vote to Kennedy's 46.58%, a margin of 6.84%.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 57], "section_span": [57, 57], "content_span": [58, 127]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078603-0003-0000", "contents": "1960 United States presidential election in New Hampshire\nKennedy swept the entire Northeastern United States, with the exception of the three Upper New England states, although Kennedy was much stronger in New Hampshire and the result was much closer than in neighboring Vermont and Maine.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 57], "section_span": [57, 57], "content_span": [58, 290]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078603-0004-0000", "contents": "1960 United States presidential election in New Hampshire\nAlthough the statewide result was close, Nixon won seven of the state's counties while Kennedy won three.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 57], "section_span": [57, 57], "content_span": [58, 163]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078603-0005-0000", "contents": "1960 United States presidential election in New Hampshire\nSince Franklin Roosevelt won them in 1932, the counties of Hillsborough County, Strafford County, and Coos County had become reliable New Deal Democratic base counties, voting for Roosevelt all four times as well as for Harry S. Truman. The counties had been won back by the GOP when Dwight Eisenhower swept the state in his nationwide landslide of 1956. However, they reverted to the Democratic Party in 1960, allowing Kennedy to take nearly 47% statewide compared to the 34% Adlai Stevenson had received in the state in 1956.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 57], "section_span": [57, 57], "content_span": [58, 585]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078603-0006-0000", "contents": "1960 United States presidential election in New Hampshire\nKennedy's most substantial victory was in heavily populated Hillsborough County, home to Manchester and Nashua, which went to Kennedy by a decisive 58\u201342 margin.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 57], "section_span": [57, 57], "content_span": [58, 219]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078603-0007-0000", "contents": "1960 United States presidential election in New Hampshire\nCarroll County had long been the most Republican county in New Hampshire, voting over eighty percent Republican in 1952 and 1956, and in 1960 it would remains Nixon's strongest county in the region, with Nixon taking over 79% of the vote.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 57], "section_span": [57, 57], "content_span": [58, 296]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078603-0008-0000", "contents": "1960 United States presidential election in New Hampshire\nAs Kennedy narrowly edged out Nixon to win the 1960 election nationally, New Hampshire's results would make the state 7% more Republican than the national average.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 57], "section_span": [57, 57], "content_span": [58, 221]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078603-0009-0000", "contents": "1960 United States presidential election in New Hampshire\nNixon would later win New Hampshire again in both 1968 and 1972.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 57], "section_span": [57, 57], "content_span": [58, 122]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078603-0010-0000", "contents": "1960 United States presidential election in New Hampshire, Primaries\nBoth the Republican and Democratic parties held primaries on March 8.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 57], "section_span": [59, 68], "content_span": [69, 138]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078603-0011-0000", "contents": "1960 United States presidential election in New Hampshire, Primaries, Democratic primary\nKennedy had flirted with the New Hampshire primary once before. In 1956 he had briefly considered running as a New England favorite son, with the aim of unifying the state's delegation behind Adlai Stevenson II.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 57], "section_span": [59, 88], "content_span": [89, 300]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078603-0012-0000", "contents": "1960 United States presidential election in New Hampshire, Primaries, Democratic primary\nAt the start of 1957, Kennedy staffer Ted Sorensen reached out to Bernard L. Boutin (mayor of Laconia, and New Hampshire's representative to the Democratic National Committee) and arranged a meeting between him and Kennedy. Kennedy informed Boutin that he was very seriously exploring a presidential campaign for 1960 and managed to secure his support.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 57], "section_span": [59, 88], "content_span": [89, 441]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078603-0013-0000", "contents": "1960 United States presidential election in New Hampshire, Primaries, Democratic primary\nIn the following years, money from the Kennedy campaign flowed into the state and Kennedy and his allies continued to visit the state. New Hampshire and a reputation as a state which rewarded campaigning efforts. This meant that Kennedy's status as a native of a neighboring state would not, alone, give him much of an advantage.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 57], "section_span": [59, 88], "content_span": [89, 418]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078603-0014-0000", "contents": "1960 United States presidential election in New Hampshire, Primaries, Democratic primary\nIn 1958, Kennedy and several members of his family conducted visits to the state. His mother Rose spoke at several colleges and even attended a Concord Bar Mitzvah. His brother Ted gave a speech in rudimentary French to a French-speaking crowd in Suncook. His sisters Eunice, Jean, and Patricia also appeared in the state.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 57], "section_span": [59, 88], "content_span": [89, 411]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078603-0015-0000", "contents": "1960 United States presidential election in New Hampshire, Primaries, Democratic primary\nOther potential candidates, such as Lyndon B. Johnson, Stuart Symington, and Hubert Humphrey also made exploratory visits to the state. However, Boutin had established a comprehensive support network for Kennedy in the state which proved strong enough to ward off these candidates.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 57], "section_span": [59, 88], "content_span": [89, 370]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078603-0016-0000", "contents": "1960 United States presidential election in New Hampshire, Primaries, Democratic primary\n3 fringe candidates stepped forth to run in the primary. These were Lawrence Daly and country music singer Elton Britt, and ballpoint pen manufacturer Paul Fischer. Boutin managed to successfully challenge the validity of signatures on Daly and Britt's candidature petitions, quickly quashing their candidacies. Paul C. Fisher, who was running on radical tax reform, remained Kennedy's only challenger on the ballot.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 57], "section_span": [59, 88], "content_span": [89, 505]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078603-0017-0000", "contents": "1960 United States presidential election in New Hampshire, Primaries, Democratic primary\nAhead of the primary local Republicans attacked Kennedy, including Governor Wesley Powell, and the New Hampshire Union Leader ran fiercely negative coverage. Nevertheless, Kennedy won handily.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 57], "section_span": [59, 88], "content_span": [89, 281]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078603-0018-0000", "contents": "1960 United States presidential election in New Hampshire, Primaries, Republican primary\nNixon faced no opponents on the ballot, but several individuals did receive write-in votes.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 57], "section_span": [59, 88], "content_span": [89, 180]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078604-0000-0000", "contents": "1960 United States presidential election in New Jersey\nThe 1960 United States presidential election in New Jersey took place on November 8, 1960. All 50 states were part of the 1960 United States presidential election. Voters chose 16 electors to the Electoral College, which selected the president and vice president.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 54], "section_span": [54, 54], "content_span": [55, 318]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078604-0001-0000", "contents": "1960 United States presidential election in New Jersey\nNew Jersey was won by the Democratic nominees, Senator John F. Kennedy of Massachusetts and his running mate Senate Majority Leader Lyndon B. Johnson of Texas. Kennedy and Johnson defeated the Republican nominees, Vice President Richard Nixon of California and his running mate Ambassador Henry Cabot Lodge, Jr. of Massachusetts.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 54], "section_span": [54, 54], "content_span": [55, 384]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078604-0002-0000", "contents": "1960 United States presidential election in New Jersey\nKennedy carried New Jersey with 49.96% of the vote to Nixon\u2019s 49.16%, a margin of 0.80%.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 54], "section_span": [54, 54], "content_span": [55, 143]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078604-0003-0000", "contents": "1960 United States presidential election in New Jersey\nKennedy managed to narrowly win the state despite winning only seven counties to Nixon\u2019s 14. However Kennedy managed to rack up large margins decisively winning some of the most heavily populated counties in the state, while keeping the results very close in those heavily populated counties that he lost.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 54], "section_span": [54, 54], "content_span": [55, 360]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078604-0004-0000", "contents": "1960 United States presidential election in New Jersey\nAs the first Roman Catholic nominee, from an urban Irish immigrant background, John Kennedy appealed strongly to working-class Catholics and other urban ethnic immigrant groups, who turned out in record numbers to support him. Thus Kennedy's support base was condensed into mostly heavily populated urban areas.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 54], "section_span": [54, 54], "content_span": [55, 366]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078604-0005-0000", "contents": "1960 United States presidential election in New Jersey\nIn urban Hudson County, home to Bayonne, Jersey City, and Hoboken, and part of the New York City area where Kennedy did very well, Kennedy won countywide by a decisive 60\u201339 margin. This represented a major shift from 1956, when Republican Dwight Eisenhower had won Hudson County by 20 points.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 54], "section_span": [54, 54], "content_span": [55, 348]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078604-0006-0000", "contents": "1960 United States presidential election in New Jersey\nIn Mercer County, home to the state capital of Trenton, Kennedy did even better, winning 61\u201339.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 54], "section_span": [54, 54], "content_span": [55, 150]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078604-0007-0000", "contents": "1960 United States presidential election in New Jersey\nEssex County, home to Newark, had long been Republican-leaning, voting not only for Eisenhower twice in the 1950s, but also voting GOP three times before that for Thomas E. Dewey and Wendell Willkie against Franklin Roosevelt and Harry Truman in the 1940s. However Kennedy won the heavily populated county by a decisive 55\u201342 margin, the start of a re-alignment of the county; by the end of the 1960s, Essex County would be the most Democratic county in New Jersey.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 54], "section_span": [54, 54], "content_span": [55, 520]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078604-0008-0000", "contents": "1960 United States presidential election in New Jersey\nKennedy also won heavily populated Middlesex County by a 58\u201341 margin. In equally heavily populated Union County, Nixon won, but only by a razor-thin 50\u201349 margin. In Passaic County, Kennedy won by a 51\u201345 margin. In Camden County, Kennedy won 55\u201345.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 54], "section_span": [54, 54], "content_span": [55, 305]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078604-0009-0000", "contents": "1960 United States presidential election in New Jersey\nNixon was able to keep the race close statewide by winning several fairly populated suburban counties, like Monmouth County and Morris County, along with many rural counties; overall his biggest prize was heavily populated Bergen County, which went to Nixon by a 59\u201341 margin. Nixon's strongest county by vote share was rural Sussex County, where he received 69% of the vote to Kennedy's 31%. Kennedy's strongest county by vote share was urban Mercer County, where he received 61% of the vote to Nixon\u2019s 39%.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 54], "section_span": [54, 54], "content_span": [55, 563]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078604-0010-0000", "contents": "1960 United States presidential election in New Jersey\nNew Jersey in this era was usually a swing state with a slight Republican lean. But in 1960, excitement among the many Catholic and other ethnic immigrant communities that populated New Jersey\u2019s cities for the historic candidacy of John F. Kennedy led to turnout in record numbers to elect the first Catholic president, thus narrowly delivering the state to Kennedy. The Great Migration also helped Kennedy, who clearly won the state\u2019s African-American voters. As Kennedy eked out a razor-thin victory nationally to win the presidency, New Jersey voted basically how the nation voted.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 54], "section_span": [54, 54], "content_span": [55, 639]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078604-0010-0001", "contents": "1960 United States presidential election in New Jersey\nBut under the unique circumstances that made Kennedy popular in Northeastern states, New Jersey's results in 1960 made it about .18% more Democratic than the national average. This was also the last election until fellow Democratic candidate from Massachusetts John Kerry did so in 2004, when a Northern Democrat won New Jersey, as the next three Democratic presidential candidates to carry the state were all from the South (Lyndon B. Johnson was from Texas, Bill Clinton from Arkansas, and Al Gore from Tennessee), even though New Jersey is a northern state.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 54], "section_span": [54, 54], "content_span": [55, 615]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078604-0011-0000", "contents": "1960 United States presidential election in New Jersey, Primaries, Democratic primary\nNo candidates ran in the Democratic primary. Unpledged at-large delegates were elected.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 54], "section_span": [56, 85], "content_span": [86, 173]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078604-0012-0000", "contents": "1960 United States presidential election in New Jersey, Primaries, Democratic primary\nGovernor Robert B. Meyner wanted to lead an unpledged state delegation to the convention  to support him as a favorite son. Kennedy opted to allow him to do this, and therefore did not compete in New Jersey. Kennedy did so because he was confident that Meyner lacked national appeal, and thus, if convention voting went into multiple rounds, Kennedy would be able to secure the backing of New Jersey delegates after the first round.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 54], "section_span": [56, 85], "content_span": [86, 518]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078604-0013-0000", "contents": "1960 United States presidential election in New Jersey, Primaries, Republican primary\nNo candidates ran in the Republican primary. Unpledged at-large delegates were elected.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 54], "section_span": [56, 85], "content_span": [86, 173]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078605-0000-0000", "contents": "1960 United States presidential election in New Mexico\nThe 1960 United States presidential election in New Mexico took place on November 8, 1960. This was the first year where all 50 current states were part of the 1960 United States presidential election. State voters chose four electors to represent them in the Electoral College, who voted for president and vice president.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 54], "section_span": [54, 54], "content_span": [55, 377]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078605-0001-0000", "contents": "1960 United States presidential election in New Mexico, Background\nIn its early days New Mexico had been divided between largely Republican machine-run highland regions and its firmly Southern Democrat \"Little Texas\" region in its east. However, with a shift of these machine-run regions to the Democratic Party, the state became very largely a one-party Democratic state in the years following the New Deal, although Republicans \u2013 despite being severely faction-ridden \u2013 retained strength in many highland counties. Despite the GOP recapturing the governorship under Edwin L. Mechem in 1950 and retaining it for all but one term up to this point, the state's electorate was overwhelmingly aligned with the Democratic Party.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 54], "section_span": [56, 66], "content_span": [67, 724]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078605-0002-0000", "contents": "1960 United States presidential election in New Mexico, Background\nThe nomination by the Democratic Party of a Roman Catholic in Massachusetts Senator John F. Kennedy introduced major complications into likely voting behaviour. In 1928, Al Smith had lost most of his party's traditional support in the Baptist \"Little Texas\" region due to his Catholic faith and Tammany Hall links. However, increasing Mexican-American voting and the power of older Hispanic Catholic voting meant that there was a potential counterweight to this trend, whose power was seen in a wave of anti-Catholic pamphlets in the southeast.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 54], "section_span": [56, 66], "content_span": [67, 611]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078605-0003-0000", "contents": "1960 United States presidential election in New Mexico, Vote\nNew Mexico was won by Kennedy by a narrow 1 point margin. His narrow win reflected a balancing of Catholic and anti-Catholic forces. In heavily Baptist Roosevelt County, Kennedy declined 15 percent from Adlai Stevenson II's share of the vote in 1956. In contrast, in traditionally Republican Socorro County \u2013 the solitary county won by Alf Landon in 1936 \u2013 Kennedy won 57 percent of the vote and became the first Democrat to win the county since 1932. Kennedy was also the first Democrat since 1936 to carry Mora County and the first since 1940 to win Santa Fe County. Both counties would become among the most Democratic in the state from the 1970s onwards. It is believed indeed that as many as 98 percent of Hispanic voters may have supported fellow Catholic Kennedy.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 54], "section_span": [56, 60], "content_span": [61, 831]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078605-0004-0000", "contents": "1960 United States presidential election in New Mexico, Vote\nIn his first bid for the presidency, Republican nominee incumbent Vice President Richard Nixon was defeated in an electorally sound nationwide Democratic victory. Nixon would later win New Mexico in both 1968 and 1972.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 54], "section_span": [56, 60], "content_span": [61, 279]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078606-0000-0000", "contents": "1960 United States presidential election in New York\nThe 1960 United States presidential election in New York took place on November 8, 1960. All 50 states were part of the 1960 United States presidential election. Voters chose 45 electors to the Electoral College, which selected the president and vice president.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 52], "section_span": [52, 52], "content_span": [53, 314]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078606-0001-0000", "contents": "1960 United States presidential election in New York\nNew York was won by Democratic Senator John F. Kennedy of Massachusetts, who was running against incumbent Republican Vice President Richard Nixon. Kennedy was running with Texas Senator, and strongest opponent in the 1960 Democratic Party presidential primaries, Lyndon B. Johnson for vice president, and Nixon ran with internationally popular United States Ambassador to the United Nations Henry Cabot Lodge, Jr..", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 52], "section_span": [52, 52], "content_span": [53, 468]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078606-0002-0000", "contents": "1960 United States presidential election in New York\nKennedy won New York with 52.53% of the vote to Nixon's 47.27%, a victory margin of 5.26%.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 52], "section_span": [52, 52], "content_span": [53, 143]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078606-0003-0000", "contents": "1960 United States presidential election in New York\nNew York weighed in for this election as 5% more Democratic than the national average.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 52], "section_span": [52, 52], "content_span": [53, 139]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078606-0004-0000", "contents": "1960 United States presidential election in New York\nThe presidential election of 1960 was a very partisan election for New York, with 99.8% of the electorate voting for either the Democratic or the Republican Parties. In typical form for the time, the highly populated centers of New York City, Buffalo, and Albany, voted primarily Democratic, while the suburban areas such as Nassau and Westchester and the rural counties in New York turned out for Nixon as the Republican candidate.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 52], "section_span": [52, 52], "content_span": [53, 485]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078606-0005-0000", "contents": "1960 United States presidential election in New York\nKennedy won the election in New York by a solid 5 point margin, representing a dramatic shift toward the Democratic Party in the state: just four years earlier, Dwight Eisenhower had carried New York State for the Republicans with over 60% of the vote. The results of this election in New York are typical of the nationwide trend of the urbanization of the Democratic Party, and Kennedy's dominance in heavily populated New York City was a vital component to his victory in the state.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 52], "section_span": [52, 52], "content_span": [53, 537]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078606-0005-0001", "contents": "1960 United States presidential election in New York\nKennedy took 62.62% of the overall vote in New York City, to Nixon's 37.04%, and carried four out of five boroughs. Kennedy's victory in Queens, in the midst of a virtual tie nationwide, marked a dramatic turning point for the heavily populated borough's political leanings. Prior to 1960, Queens had been a Republican borough, only voting Democratic in massive nationwide Democratic landslides; it had not previously gone Democratic since the landslide re-election of Franklin Roosevelt in 1936. Beginning in 1960, Queens became a reliably Democratic borough, and since then has gone Republican only once, in the 1972 Republican landslide.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 52], "section_span": [52, 52], "content_span": [53, 693]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078606-0006-0000", "contents": "1960 United States presidential election in New York\nNixon for his part ran on a platform of continuing the \"peace and prosperity\" felt throughout the United States under President Eisenhower, which gained him popularity in the developing regions of the West and Pacific States, while Kennedy attained his popularity in urban regions, in-part, due to his progressive stand on international politics. This included taking a stronger stance with the Soviet Union, which was a very important issue to many city-dwellers, fearing annihilation during the height of the post-nuclear age.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 52], "section_span": [52, 52], "content_span": [53, 581]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078606-0007-0000", "contents": "1960 United States presidential election in New York\nThe electors of New York were vital to Kennedy's overall victory, as he defeated Nixon 303\u2013219 in the United States Electoral College. Had Nixon carried New York, then all other things being equal he would have won pluralities in both the popular and electoral vote. However, the Republican nominee would have still finished two votes short of an overall majority in the Electoral College, as he would have had a total of 265 of the 267 pledged electors needed to win compared to 258 for Kennedy. The 14 unpledged electors of Mississippi and Alabama would have held the balance of power in the Electoral College (unable to influence the overall result, these electors opted to cast their votes in favor of Virginia Senator Harry F. Byrd).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 52], "section_span": [52, 52], "content_span": [53, 791]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078607-0000-0000", "contents": "1960 United States presidential election in North Carolina\nThe 1960 United States presidential election in North Carolina took place on November 8, 1960, as part of the 1960 United States presidential election. North Carolina voters chose 14 representatives, or electors, to the Electoral College, who voted for president and vice president.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 58], "section_span": [58, 58], "content_span": [59, 341]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078607-0001-0000", "contents": "1960 United States presidential election in North Carolina\nNorth Carolina was won by Senator John F. Kennedy (D\u2013Massachusetts), running with Senator Lyndon B. Johnson, with 52.11 percent of the popular vote against incumbent Vice President Richard Nixon (R\u2013California), running with United States Ambassador to the United Nations Henry Cabot Lodge, Jr., with 47.89 percent of the popular vote.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 58], "section_span": [58, 58], "content_span": [59, 393]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078608-0000-0000", "contents": "1960 United States presidential election in North Dakota\nThe 1960 United States presidential election in North Dakota took place on November 8, 1960, as part of the 1960 United States presidential election. Voters chose four representatives, or electors, to the Electoral College, who voted for president and vice president.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 56], "section_span": [56, 56], "content_span": [57, 324]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078608-0001-0000", "contents": "1960 United States presidential election in North Dakota\nNorth Dakota was won by incumbent Vice President Richard Nixon (R\u2013California), running with United States Ambassador to the United Nations Henry Cabot Lodge, Jr., with 55.42% of the popular vote, against Senator John F. Kennedy (D\u2013Massachusetts), running with Senator Lyndon B. Johnson, with 44.52% of the popular vote, a 10.90% margin of victory.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 56], "section_span": [56, 56], "content_span": [57, 404]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078609-0000-0000", "contents": "1960 United States presidential election in Ohio\nThe 1960 United States presidential election in Ohio of November 8, 1960 was part of the 1960 United States presidential election. Voters chose 25 representatives, or electors to the Electoral College, who voted for President and Vice President.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 48], "section_span": [48, 48], "content_span": [49, 294]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078609-0001-0000", "contents": "1960 United States presidential election in Ohio\nOhio was won by Republican Party candidate, incumbent Vice President Richard Nixon of California, with a 53.28% popular vote majority, defeating Democratic Party candidate and Massachusetts Senator John F. Kennedy, who received 46.72% of the vote.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 48], "section_span": [48, 48], "content_span": [49, 296]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078609-0002-0000", "contents": "1960 United States presidential election in Ohio\nThis was the second of two elections in the 20th century in which Ohio, an historical bellwether state, voted for the losing candidate, the first being 1944 when Thomas E. Dewey carried it over Franklin D. Roosevelt. It would not do so again until it backed Donald Trump over Joe Biden in 2020. In 1960 this anomaly was due to strong anti-Catholic voting amidst an overall nationwide pro-Democratic swing in the Appalachia-influenced and heavily Baptist southern and western parts of the state. This was also the last time until 2020 that Ottawa County voted for the losing candidate.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 48], "section_span": [48, 48], "content_span": [49, 633]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078609-0003-0000", "contents": "1960 United States presidential election in Ohio, Primaries, Democratic primary\nGovernor Michael DiSalle won the state's primary as a favorite son pledged to support Kennedy.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 48], "section_span": [50, 79], "content_span": [80, 174]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078609-0004-0000", "contents": "1960 United States presidential election in Ohio, Primaries, Democratic primary\nOhio was one of the largest states to hold a primary, with 64 delegates to the DNC. Its primary, held on May 3, coincided with that of neighboring Indiana.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 48], "section_span": [50, 79], "content_span": [80, 235]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078609-0005-0000", "contents": "1960 United States presidential election in Ohio, Primaries, Democratic primary\nKennedy had campaigned in Ohio numerous times in the two years prior to announcing his official candidacy. While his internal polling was positive, it also showed that he could still lose if a strong candidate launched a favorite son campaign against him. His campaign was particularly worried about Frank Lausche launching such a challenge. In November 1959 their polling showed a race between him and Kennedy resulting in a statistical tie. Those polls showed that Kennedy would win the race a race between him and DiSalle 62 to 38%.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 48], "section_span": [50, 79], "content_span": [80, 615]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078609-0006-0000", "contents": "1960 United States presidential election in Ohio, Primaries, Democratic primary\nIn 1959, during his many visits to the state, Kennedy won the backing of Cuyahoga County Democratic Party leader Ray T. Miller and Cleveland mayor Anthony J. Celebrezze.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 48], "section_span": [50, 79], "content_span": [80, 249]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078609-0007-0000", "contents": "1960 United States presidential election in Ohio, Primaries, Democratic primary\nKennedy felt that he could not compete in both Ohio and Wisconsin due to time limitations preventing him from being able to spend adequate time in both states. Kennedy saw Wisconsin as providing him an opportunity to potentially deliver an early and fatal blow to Hubert Humphrey's campaign. Thus, he chose to compete there instead of in Ohio.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 48], "section_span": [50, 79], "content_span": [80, 423]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078609-0008-0000", "contents": "1960 United States presidential election in Ohio, Primaries, Democratic primary\nKennedy felt that he needed to secure DiSalle's endorsement ahead of declaring his candidacy in order to demonstrate appeal outside of New England. Thus, in December of 1959, Kennedy and DiSalle brokered an agreement in which DiSalle would run as a favorite son committed to Kennedy, and would endorse Kennedy and announce his intention to run as a favorite son to assist his candidacy in a January 6 press announcement (four days after Kennedy's formal announcement of his candidacy).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 48], "section_span": [50, 79], "content_span": [80, 565]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078609-0009-0000", "contents": "1960 United States presidential election in Ohio, Primaries, Democratic primary\nDiSalle won with a wide margin against Albert S. Porter.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 48], "section_span": [50, 79], "content_span": [80, 136]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078610-0000-0000", "contents": "1960 United States presidential election in Oklahoma\nThe 1960 United States presidential election in Oklahoma took place on November 8, 1960, as part of the 1960 United States presidential election. Voters chose eight representatives, or electors, to the Electoral College, who voted for president and vice president.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 52], "section_span": [52, 52], "content_span": [53, 317]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078610-0001-0000", "contents": "1960 United States presidential election in Oklahoma\nOklahoma was won by incumbent Vice President Richard Nixon (R\u2013California), running with United States Ambassador to the United Nations Henry Cabot Lodge, Jr., with 59.02% of the popular vote, against Senator John F. Kennedy (D\u2013Massachusetts), running with Senator Lyndon B. Johnson, with 40.98% of the popular vote. In the Electoral College, Nixon received seven of Oklahoma's eight electoral votes; the eighth was cast by a faithless elector for Harry F. Byrd of Virginia.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 52], "section_span": [52, 52], "content_span": [53, 526]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078610-0002-0000", "contents": "1960 United States presidential election in Oklahoma\nWith 59.02% of the popular vote, Oklahoma would prove to be Nixon's third strongest state in 1960 after Nebraska and Kansas.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 52], "section_span": [52, 52], "content_span": [53, 177]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078611-0000-0000", "contents": "1960 United States presidential election in Oregon\nThe 1960 United States presidential election in Oregon took place on November 8, 1960, as part of the 1960 United States presidential election. Voters chose six representatives, or electors, to the Electoral College, who voted for president and vice president.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 50], "section_span": [50, 50], "content_span": [51, 311]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078611-0001-0000", "contents": "1960 United States presidential election in Oregon\nOregon was won by incumbent Vice President Richard Nixon (R\u2013California), running with United States Ambassador to the United Nations Henry Cabot Lodge, Jr., with 52.56% of the popular vote, against Senator John F. Kennedy (D\u2013Massachusetts), running with Senator Lyndon B. Johnson, with 47.32% of the popular vote. As of the 2020 presidential election, this is the last election in which Multnomah County voted for a Republican presidential candidate.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 50], "section_span": [50, 50], "content_span": [51, 501]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078611-0002-0000", "contents": "1960 United States presidential election in Oregon, Primaries\nCandidates had no choice as to whether or not they would run in the Oregon primaries. Oregon had a unique law in which all individuals believed to be candidates (by the Attorney General) would be listed, whether or not they wanted to compete in the state's primary.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 50], "section_span": [52, 61], "content_span": [62, 327]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078611-0003-0000", "contents": "1960 United States presidential election in Oregon, Primaries, Democratic primary\nSince at least 1957, Kennedy had been anticipating running in Oregon's primary due to the state's unique election laws, which would give him no choice as to whether or not he would be listed on the ballot.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 50], "section_span": [52, 81], "content_span": [82, 287]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078611-0004-0000", "contents": "1960 United States presidential election in Oregon, Primaries, Democratic primary\nOregon's primary came late, just prior to California's. Kennedy had made several appearances in Oregon in the spring of 1959, and was leading according to his campaign's internal polling against a plethora of prospective opponents. He garnered the support of figures such as Edith Green. By late 1959, however, Senator Wayne Morse launched a favorite son campaign, which posed a viable challenge to Kennedy's prospects of winning Oregon.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 50], "section_span": [52, 81], "content_span": [82, 519]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078611-0005-0000", "contents": "1960 United States presidential election in Oregon, Primaries, Democratic primary\nHubert Humphrey had been seen as having a realistic chance of winning the strongly liberal state electorate if he were to remain a viable candidate through late-May (when the primary was scheduled). However, Humphrey ultimately withdrew earlier on after losing the West Virginia primary.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 50], "section_span": [52, 81], "content_span": [82, 369]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078611-0006-0000", "contents": "1960 United States presidential election in Oregon, Primaries, Democratic primary\nKennedy's campaign worried about a potential active campaign effort by Adlai Stevenson II in the state, where many voters were still enamored with the two-time Democratic standard bearer. In a January 26, 1960 memo, campaign manager Robert Kennedy stated that it was important for the Kennedy campaign to try and stop Stevenson from becoming an active factor in the Oregon primary. Congressman Charles O. Porter was seen as being likely to lead any potential effort to support a Stevenson candidacy in Oregon, therefore, Robert considered persuading him that such an effort would hand the primary to Morse, whom Porter despised. However, by May this proved to be unneeded, as Kennedy had already cleared the field.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 50], "section_span": [52, 81], "content_span": [82, 796]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078611-0007-0000", "contents": "1960 United States presidential election in Oregon, Primaries, Democratic primary\nWhile names of several other contenders appeared on the Oregon Democratic primary ballot, the only active opponent which Kennedy faced in the primary was Morse. Oregon was the only state in which Kennedy directly challenged a favorite son candidate. The Kennedy campaign saw the fiercely independent and progressive state electorate as challenging for them to maneuver. He defeated Morse 51 to 32%.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 50], "section_span": [52, 81], "content_span": [82, 480]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078612-0000-0000", "contents": "1960 United States presidential election in Pennsylvania\nThe 1960 United States presidential election in Pennsylvania took place on November 8, 1960 as part of the 1960 United States presidential election. Voters chose 32 representatives, or electors to the Electoral College, who voted for president and vice president.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 56], "section_span": [56, 56], "content_span": [57, 320]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078612-0001-0000", "contents": "1960 United States presidential election in Pennsylvania, Background\nPennsylvania had historically been a powerfully Republican state that owing to industrialization had become Democratic-leaning following the New Deal: 1960 saw Democrats surpass Republicans in registration for the first time since the Civil War. However, the nomination of the second Catholic presidential candidate in John F. Kennedy complicated this issue because most of rural Pennsylvania was powerfully Appalachian and extremely hostile to voting for a Catholic, creating the potential for large anti-Democratic swings and trends in the northeastern non-Yankee Pocono Mountains. The non-Appalachian Pennsylvania Dutch Country had been similarly hostile to Catholicism throughout the state\u2019s history, and owing to the opposition to Irish control of the Democratic Party most of the state\u2019s urban Catholics would before the New Deal back dominant Republican machines in which they had no actual political power.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 56], "section_span": [58, 68], "content_span": [69, 983]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078612-0002-0000", "contents": "1960 United States presidential election in Pennsylvania, Background\nHowever, in 1958 Pennsylvania \u2013 a state historically very reluctant to elect Catholics to major offices \u2013 had elected David L. Lawrence as governor. Nevertheless, his margin was much smaller than polls had previously predicted, with decreases vis-\u00e0-vis the 1954 gubernatorial election even in heavily Catholic urban counties. Massachusetts Senator John Fitzgerald Kennedy had emerged as the front-runner for the Democratic nomination but Pennsylvania Democrats were reluctant to run his for fear of an anti-Catholic reaction in traditionally Democratic rural counties. However, lobbying by Boston Archbishop Richard Cushing meant Governor Lawrence released 64 of the state\u2019s 81 delegates for Kennedy in a bid to stop Adlai Stevenson II from gaining a third nomination.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 56], "section_span": [58, 68], "content_span": [69, 837]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078612-0003-0000", "contents": "1960 United States presidential election in Pennsylvania, Primaries, Democratic primary\nWith 81 delegates to the 1960 Democratic National Convention, Pennsylvania was among the largest states to hold a primary. Pennsylvania's nonbinding Democratic primary did not list candidate's names. However,  write-in presidential preference votes were allowed. Delegates were elected directly.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 56], "section_span": [58, 87], "content_span": [88, 383]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078612-0004-0000", "contents": "1960 United States presidential election in Pennsylvania, Primaries, Democratic primary\nBy January 1960, the Kennedy campaign became aware of \"non-partisan citizen committees\" operating in support of Kennedy's candidacy in the state, without any direct connection to his official campaign. However, the state as a whole was still cold on Kennedy. Its liberals were fervent supporters of Adlai Stevenson II, and therefore hoped to see Stevenson nominated for a third time. Philadelphia's Democratic organization, which had a significant sway upon the state's Democratic establishment, was led by William J. Green Jr., who favored the prospective candidacy of Stuart Symington. As the year progressed, Green and other leaders were persuaded by polls to switch their allegiance to Kennedy. Liberal senator Joseph S. Clark Jr. even made it known that Kennedy ranked at least second (behind Stevenson) in his own preference.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 56], "section_span": [58, 87], "content_span": [88, 919]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078612-0005-0000", "contents": "1960 United States presidential election in Pennsylvania, Primaries, Democratic primary\nHowever, despite others moving to embrace Kennedy, Governor David L. Lawrence withheld his own support from Kennedy, even as he picked up momentum in the state. Lawrence still reserved hope that Adlai Stevenson could be successfully nominated at the convention. An older Catholic Democrat, Lawrence was public in his belief that the country was still not ready to elect a Catholic president. Kennedy would tell reporters that inquired with him about Lawrence's frequent comments doubting the viability of a Catholic presidential nominee by stating that he was, \"deeply disturbed\" by them. Referencing Lawrence's own strong victory in the state's 1958 gubernatorial election, Kennedy commented that, \"It still behooves him now to be urging that this same opportunity should be denied to others.\"", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 56], "section_span": [58, 87], "content_span": [88, 882]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078612-0006-0000", "contents": "1960 United States presidential election in Pennsylvania, Primaries, Republican primary\nNixon was the only candidate on the Republican primary ballot and won nearly all of the vote. However, thousands of write-in votes were cast for other individuals.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 56], "section_span": [58, 87], "content_span": [88, 251]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078612-0007-0000", "contents": "1960 United States presidential election in Pennsylvania, General election\nPennsylvania narrowly voted for the Democratic nominee Senator Kennedy over the Republican nominee, Vice President Richard Nixon. Kennedy won Pennsylvania by a slim margin of 2.32%, being aided rather than hindered by his Catholic faith owing to the numerical power of his co-religionists in urban Philadelphia, Lackawanna County, and in the industrial areas around Lake Erie. This clearly outnumbered anti-Catholic sentiment in rural areas, which caused him to lose ground vis-\u00e0-vis Adlai Stevenson in 16 rural counties.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 56], "section_span": [58, 74], "content_span": [75, 596]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078613-0000-0000", "contents": "1960 United States presidential election in Rhode Island\nThe 1960 United States presidential election in Rhode Island took place on November 8, 1960, as part of the 1960 United States presidential election, which was held throughout all 50 states. Voters chose four representatives, or electors to the Electoral College, who voted for president and vice president.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 56], "section_span": [56, 56], "content_span": [57, 364]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078613-0001-0000", "contents": "1960 United States presidential election in Rhode Island\nRhode Island voted for the Democratic nominee, Senator John F. Kennedy of Massachusetts, over the Republican nominee, Vice President Richard Nixon of California. Kennedy ran with Senate Majority Leader Lyndon B. Johnson of Texas, while Nixon's running mate was Ambassador Henry Cabot Lodge, Jr. of Massachusetts.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 56], "section_span": [56, 56], "content_span": [57, 369]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078613-0002-0000", "contents": "1960 United States presidential election in Rhode Island\nKennedy carried Rhode Island by a margin of 27.27%, making it his strongest state.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 56], "section_span": [56, 56], "content_span": [57, 139]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078614-0000-0000", "contents": "1960 United States presidential election in South Carolina\nThe 1960 United States presidential election in South Carolina took place on November 8, 1960, as part of the 1960 United States presidential election. South Carolina voters chose 8 representatives, or electors, to the Electoral College, who voted for president and vice president.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 58], "section_span": [58, 58], "content_span": [59, 340]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078614-0001-0000", "contents": "1960 United States presidential election in South Carolina, Background\nFor six decades up to 1950 South Carolina was a one-party state dominated by the Democratic Party. The Republican Party had been moribund due to the disfranchisement of blacks and the complete absence of other support bases as the Palmetto State completely lacked upland or German refugee whites opposed to secession. Between 1900 and 1948, no Republican presidential candidate ever obtained more than seven percent of the total presidential vote \u2013 a vote which in 1924 reached as low as 6.6 percent of the total voting-age population (or approximately 15 percent of the voting-age white population).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 58], "section_span": [60, 70], "content_span": [71, 671]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078614-0002-0000", "contents": "1960 United States presidential election in South Carolina, Background\nFollowing Harry S. Truman\u2019s To Secure These Rights in 1947, the following year South Carolina\u2019s small electorate overwhelmingly rejected him in favour of state Governor Strom Thurmond, who won 71 percent of the state\u2019s limited electorate and every county except poor white industrial Anderson and Spartanburg. During the 1950s, the state\u2019s wealthier and more urbanized whites became extremely disenchanted with the national Democratic Party and to a lesser extent with the federal administration of Republican Dwight D. Eisenhower.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 58], "section_span": [60, 70], "content_span": [71, 602]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078614-0002-0001", "contents": "1960 United States presidential election in South Carolina, Background\nHowever, the state\u2019s abolition of its poll tax in 1950 allowed increasing white voter registration and the poor white upcountry provided enough support to national Democrat Adlai Stevenson II to, aided by substantial majorities amongst the small but increasing number of blacks able to vote, keep the state Democratic in the 1952 and 1956 elections.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 58], "section_span": [60, 70], "content_span": [71, 420]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078614-0003-0000", "contents": "1960 United States presidential election in South Carolina, Background\nDuring the 1950s, wealthy textile mill owners in the upcountry developed a grassroots state Republican Party dedicated to the tenets of the John Birch Society. This group nominated the most conservative delegation at the party\u2019s 1960 convention. These wealthy businessmen would merge with hardline segregationists to draft Barry Goldwater for the Republican nomination in 1960, and at the same time, the \u201cIndependents\u201d in the lowcountry moved to support GOP nominees Richard Nixon and Henry Cabot Lodge jr. as they had in 1952. At the same time, Protestant clergymen in the state were quite outspoken against the nomination of Catholic Massachusetts Senator John F. Kennedy by the Democratic Party.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 58], "section_span": [60, 70], "content_span": [71, 769]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078614-0004-0000", "contents": "1960 United States presidential election in South Carolina, Background\nBoth candidates toured the state in October, when James F. Byrnes, former governor, criticized severely the Kennedy platform as economically unaffordable and injurious to the states\u2019 independence.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 58], "section_span": [60, 70], "content_span": [71, 267]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078614-0005-0000", "contents": "1960 United States presidential election in South Carolina, Vote\nIn September and October polls, the state was considered likely to go for Nixon, and even on election night Nixon was leading until quite late when Kennedy overtook him. Kennedy ultimately won the state by 2.48 percentage points, being aided by an exceptional turnout for him amongst the state\u2019s seventy-five thousand or so black voters, and by the loyalty of the pro-Stevenson upcountry despite its distaste for his Catholicism. Nixon won a narrow majority of the state\u2019s white voters, and a strong majority amongst the wealthier whites of the growing Columbia and Charleston metropolitan areas.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 58], "section_span": [60, 64], "content_span": [65, 661]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078614-0006-0000", "contents": "1960 United States presidential election in South Carolina, Vote\nThis was the second to last time South Carolina has voted Democratic. Had Gerald Ford won the state in 1976, the Palmetto State would have the nation's longest Republican streak.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 58], "section_span": [60, 64], "content_span": [65, 243]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078615-0000-0000", "contents": "1960 United States presidential election in South Dakota\nThe 1960 United States presidential election in South Dakota took place on November 8, 1960, as part of the 1960 United States presidential election. Voters chose four representatives, or electors, to the Electoral College, who voted for president and vice president.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 56], "section_span": [56, 56], "content_span": [57, 324]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078615-0001-0000", "contents": "1960 United States presidential election in South Dakota\nSouth Dakota was won by incumbent Vice President Richard Nixon (R\u2013California), running with United States Ambassador to the United Nations Henry Cabot Lodge, Jr. of Massachusetts, with 58.21% of the popular vote, against Massachusetts Senator John F. Kennedy (D), running with Texas Senator Lyndon B. Johnson, with 41.79% of the popular vote.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 56], "section_span": [56, 56], "content_span": [57, 399]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078615-0002-0000", "contents": "1960 United States presidential election in South Dakota\nAs of the 2020 presidential election, this is the last election in which majority Native American Todd County voted for a Republican presidential candidate. With 58.21% of the popular vote, South Dakota would prove to be Nixon's fifth strongest state in the 1960 election after Nebraska, Kansas, Oklahoma and Vermont.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 56], "section_span": [56, 56], "content_span": [57, 374]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078615-0003-0000", "contents": "1960 United States presidential election in South Dakota, Primaries\nBoth the Republican and Democratic parties held primaries on June 7.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 56], "section_span": [58, 67], "content_span": [68, 136]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078615-0004-0000", "contents": "1960 United States presidential election in South Dakota, Primaries, Democratic primary\nHubert Humphrey was unopposed on the Democratic primary ballot. Kennedy had decided against competing in the state because he recognized that Humphrey, who had grown up in the state, had a distinct advantage there.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 56], "section_span": [58, 87], "content_span": [88, 302]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078616-0000-0000", "contents": "1960 United States presidential election in Tennessee\nThe 1960 United States presidential election in Tennessee took place on November 8, 1960, as part of the 1960 United States presidential election. Tennessee voters chose 11 representatives, or electors, to the Electoral College, who voted for president and vice president.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 53], "section_span": [53, 53], "content_span": [54, 326]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078616-0001-0000", "contents": "1960 United States presidential election in Tennessee\nTennessee was won by incumbent Vice President Richard Nixon (R\u2013California), running with United States Ambassador to the United Nations Henry Cabot Lodge, Jr., with 52.92% of the popular vote, against Senator John F. Kennedy (D\u2013Massachusetts), running with Senator Lyndon B. Johnson, with 45.77% of the popular vote. Kennedy became the first Democrat to win without Tennessee since the creation of the Republican Party, and the only one until Barack Obama in 2008.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 53], "section_span": [53, 53], "content_span": [54, 518]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078617-0000-0000", "contents": "1960 United States presidential election in Texas\nThe 1960 United States presidential election in Texas was held on November 8, 1960, as part of the 1960 United States presidential election. The Democratic Party candidate John F. Kennedy, narrowly won the state of Texas with 50.52 percent of the vote to the Republican candidate Vice President Richard Nixon's 48.52%, a margin of two percent, giving him the state's 24 electoral votes. Despite the presence of U.S. Senator Lyndon B. Johnson on the Democratic ticket, the result made Texas the tenth closest state in the election. Nixon's strong performance in the Dallas\u2013Fort Worth Metroplex, Harris County, the Panhandle, and the Hill Country kept the race close.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 49], "section_span": [49, 49], "content_span": [50, 715]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078617-0001-0000", "contents": "1960 United States presidential election in Texas\nFears of anti-Catholic voting in West Texas, which had given Herbert Hoover a narrow win over Al Smith in 1928, were not entirely realized. It is notable that the sparsely populated rural Plains counties of Armstrong, Bailey, Childress, Collingsworth, Dallam, Dawson, Donley, Floyd, Gaines, Hale, Hardeman, Hartley, Moore, Motley, Parmer, Wheeler, Willbarger and Yoakum switched from Stevenson to Nixon, as did Wise County north of Fort Worth, while a further thirty-eight counties saw Kennedy fail to reach Stevenson's vote percentage. However, this was more than offset by Kennedy's gains in heavily Hispanic Catholic South Texas, where few Mexicans had voted in 1928. Anti -Catholic voting was also lessened by appeals from former President Harry S. Truman, who campaigned for Kennedy and Johnson.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 49], "section_span": [49, 49], "content_span": [50, 850]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078617-0002-0000", "contents": "1960 United States presidential election in Texas\nNixon himself later commented \"we lost Texas...because of that asshole Congressman\", referring to Bruce Alger. The only Republican congressman in Texas at the time, Alger had led protestors, many of them well-heeled conservative women, against Johnson's visit to Dallas on November 4th. One woman pulled his wife's gloves out of her hand, and her hat was knocked off by a protestor's placard. Nicknamed the \"mink coat mob\", the resulting press coverage was a humiliation for Texas Republicans and was blamed for damaging the party's electoral results in the South generally at a time when wives were regarded as sacrosanct.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 49], "section_span": [49, 49], "content_span": [50, 673]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078617-0003-0000", "contents": "1960 United States presidential election in Texas\nNixon would narrowly lose Texas again in 1968, although he did win the presidency that year. In 1972, he sought re-election and won Texas with an overwhelming sixty-six percent of the popular vote.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 49], "section_span": [49, 49], "content_span": [50, 247]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078617-0004-0000", "contents": "1960 United States presidential election in Texas\nAs of the 2020 presidential election, this is the last time Glasscock County voted for a Democratic presidential candidate.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 49], "section_span": [49, 49], "content_span": [50, 173]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078618-0000-0000", "contents": "1960 United States presidential election in Utah\nThe 1960 United States presidential election in Utah took place on November 8, 1960, as part of the 1960 United States presidential election. State voters chose four representatives, or electors, to the Electoral College, who voted for president and vice president.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 48], "section_span": [48, 48], "content_span": [49, 314]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078618-0001-0000", "contents": "1960 United States presidential election in Utah\nUtah was won by incumbent Vice President Richard Nixon (R\u2013California), running with United States Ambassador to the United Nations Henry Cabot Lodge, Jr., with 54.81 percent of the popular vote, against Senator John F. Kennedy (D\u2013Massachusetts), running with Senator Lyndon B. Johnson, with 45.17 percent of the popular vote.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 48], "section_span": [48, 48], "content_span": [49, 374]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078619-0000-0000", "contents": "1960 United States presidential election in Vermont\nThe 1960 United States presidential election in Vermont  took place on November 8, 1960, as part of the 1960 United States presidential election which was held throughout all 50 states. Voters chose three representatives, or electors to the Electoral College, who voted for president and vice president.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 51], "section_span": [51, 51], "content_span": [52, 355]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078619-0001-0000", "contents": "1960 United States presidential election in Vermont\nVermont was won by the Republican nominee, incumbent Vice President Richard Nixon of California, and his running mate  Ambassador Henry Cabot Lodge, Jr. of Massachusetts, defeating Democratic Senator John F. Kennedy of Massachusetts and his running mate Senate Majority Leader Lyndon B. Johnson of Texas.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 51], "section_span": [51, 51], "content_span": [52, 356]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078619-0002-0000", "contents": "1960 United States presidential election in Vermont\nNixon took 58.65% of the vote to Kennedy\u2019s 41.35%, a margin of 17.30%.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 51], "section_span": [51, 51], "content_span": [52, 122]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078619-0003-0000", "contents": "1960 United States presidential election in Vermont\nVermont historically was a bastion of liberal Northeastern Republicanism, and by 1960 the Green Mountain State had gone Republican in every presidential election since the founding of the Republican Party. From 1856 to 1956, Vermont had had the longest streak of voting Republican of any state, having never voted Democratic before, and this tradition continued in 1960. This election would prove to be the conclusion of a 104-year winning streak, as Vermont would flip to the Democrats for the first time four years later in 1964.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 51], "section_span": [51, 51], "content_span": [52, 583]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078619-0004-0000", "contents": "1960 United States presidential election in Vermont\nAs Kennedy won a razor-thin victory over Nixon nationally, Vermont weighed in as about seventeen percent more Republican than the national average, and his 58.65% of the popular vote made the Green Mountain State the fourth most Republican state in the nation in the 1960 election after Nebraska, Kansas and Oklahoma.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 51], "section_span": [51, 51], "content_span": [52, 369]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078619-0005-0000", "contents": "1960 United States presidential election in Vermont\nKennedy, an Irish Catholic Democrat from neighboring Massachusetts, did however improve dramatically on the performance of Democrat Adlai Stevenson in Vermont in 1952 and 1956. In both of those years Stevenson had taken less than 30% of the vote against Republican Dwight Eisenhower, who had received more than 70% of the vote in Vermont and had swept every county in the state.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 51], "section_span": [51, 51], "content_span": [52, 430]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078619-0006-0000", "contents": "1960 United States presidential election in Vermont\nNixon won 11 of the 14 counties in Vermont, losing 3 counties in the northwestern part of the state. The three northwestern counties of Vermont (Chittenden, Franklin and Grand Isle) had long been Democratic enclaves in an otherwise Republican state through the 1930s and 1940s, but had gone Republican in the 1950s for Eisenhower. Only the second Roman Catholic to be nominated for president by a major party, Kennedy's appeal to Catholics and ethnic working class voters brought northwestern Vermont back into the Democratic column in 1960.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 51], "section_span": [51, 51], "content_span": [52, 593]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078619-0006-0001", "contents": "1960 United States presidential election in Vermont\nKennedy won Chittenden County, the most populous county, home to the state's largest city, Burlington. Chittenden County had been the only county in Vermont to flip to the Democrats for the first Roman Catholic nominee Al Smith in 1928. Kennedy also won Franklin and Grand Isle Counties, which had joined Chittenden in voting Democratic for Franklin Roosevelt in 1932, even as the rest of the state remained reliably Republican. Thus the split between the northwest and the rest of the state was a familiar result typical of New Deal coalition era elections in Vermont.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 51], "section_span": [51, 51], "content_span": [52, 621]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078619-0007-0000", "contents": "1960 United States presidential election in Vermont\nRichard Nixon would later win the Green Mountain State again against Hubert Humphrey in 1968 and then again against George McGovern in 1972.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 51], "section_span": [51, 51], "content_span": [52, 192]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078620-0000-0000", "contents": "1960 United States presidential election in Virginia\nThe 1960 United States presidential election in Virginia took place on November 8, 1960. Voters chose 12 representatives, or electors to the Electoral College, who voted for president and vice president.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 52], "section_span": [52, 52], "content_span": [53, 256]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078620-0001-0000", "contents": "1960 United States presidential election in Virginia\nVirginia voted for the Republican nominee, incumbent Vice President Richard Nixon, over the Democratic nominee, Senator John F. Kennedy. Kennedy ultimately won the national election with 49.72% of the vote. This is the first time a Democrat was elected president without carrying the state of Virginia.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 52], "section_span": [52, 52], "content_span": [53, 355]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078620-0002-0000", "contents": "1960 United States presidential election in Virginia\nAs of the 2020 presidential election, this is the last occasion when Appomattox County, Campbell County, Lunenburg County, Mecklenburg County and Pittsylvania County have voted for a Democratic presidential candidate.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 52], "section_span": [52, 52], "content_span": [53, 270]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078621-0000-0000", "contents": "1960 United States presidential election in Washington (state)\nThe 1960 United States presidential election in Washington took place on November 8, 1960, as part of the 1960 United States presidential election. State voters chose nine representatives, or electors, to the Electoral College, who voted for president and vice president.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 62], "section_span": [62, 62], "content_span": [63, 334]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078621-0001-0000", "contents": "1960 United States presidential election in Washington (state)\nWashington was won by incumbent Vice President Richard Nixon (R\u2013California), running with United States Ambassador to the United Nations Henry Cabot Lodge, Jr., with 50.68% of the popular vote, against Senator John F. Kennedy (D\u2013Massachusetts), running with Senator Lyndon B. Johnson, with 48.27% of the popular vote.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 62], "section_span": [62, 62], "content_span": [63, 380]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078622-0000-0000", "contents": "1960 United States presidential election in West Virginia\nThe 1960 United States presidential election in West Virginia took place on November 8, 1960, as part of the 1960 United States presidential election. West Virginia voters chose eight representatives, or electors, to the Electoral College, who voted for president and vice president.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 57], "section_span": [57, 57], "content_span": [58, 341]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078622-0001-0000", "contents": "1960 United States presidential election in West Virginia\nWest Virginia was won by Senator John F. Kennedy (D\u2013Massachusetts), running with Senator Lyndon B. Johnson, with 52.73% of the popular vote against incumbent Vice President Richard Nixon (R\u2013California), running with United States Ambassador to the United Nations Henry Cabot Lodge, Jr., with 47.27% of the popular vote.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 57], "section_span": [57, 57], "content_span": [58, 377]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078623-0000-0000", "contents": "1960 United States presidential election in Wisconsin\nThe 1960 United States presidential election in Wisconsin was held on November 8, 1960 as part of the 1960 United States presidential election. State voters chose 12 electors to the Electoral College, who voted for president and vice president.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 53], "section_span": [53, 53], "content_span": [54, 298]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078623-0001-0000", "contents": "1960 United States presidential election in Wisconsin, Background\nPolitics in Wisconsin since the Populist movement had been dominated by the Republican Party. The Democratic Party became uncompetitive away from the Lake Michigan coast as the upper classes, along with the majority of workers who followed them, fled from William Jennings Bryan\u2019s agrarian and free silver sympathies. Although the state did develop a strong Socialist Party to provide opposition to the GOP, Wisconsin developed the direct Republican primary in 1903 and this ultimately created competition between the \u201cLeague\u201d under Robert M. La Follette, and the conservative \u201cRegular\u201d faction. This ultimately would develop into the Wisconsin Progressive Party in the late 1930s, which was opposed to the conservative German Democrats and to the national Republican Party, and allied with Franklin D. Roosevelt at the federal level.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 53], "section_span": [55, 65], "content_span": [66, 900]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078623-0002-0000", "contents": "1960 United States presidential election in Wisconsin, Background\nDuring the two wartime elections, the formerly Democratic German counties in the east of the state \u2013 which had been powerfully opposed to the Civil War because they saw it as a \u201cYankee\u201d war and opposed the military draft instituted during it \u2013 viewed Communism as a much greater threat to America than Nazism and consequently opposed President Roosevelt\u2019s war effort. Consequently, these historically Democratic counties became virtually the most Republican in the entire state, and became a major support base for populist conservative Senator Joe McCarthy, who became notorious for his investigations into Communists inside the American government. The state\u2019s populace\u2019s opposition to Communism and the Korean War turned Wisconsin strongly to Republican nominee Dwight D. Eisenhower in the 1952 and 1956 presidential elections.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 53], "section_span": [55, 65], "content_span": [66, 896]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078623-0003-0000", "contents": "1960 United States presidential election in Wisconsin, Background\nThe 1958 midterm elections, however, saw a major change in Wisconsin politics, as Gaylord A. Nelson became only the state\u2019s second Democratic Governor since 1895, and the state also elected Democrats to the position of treasurer and Senator, besides that party gaining a majority in the State Assembly for only the second time since the middle 1890s.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 53], "section_span": [55, 65], "content_span": [66, 416]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078623-0004-0000", "contents": "1960 United States presidential election in Wisconsin, Background\nIn the 1960 Democratic primaries, Wisconsin voted for Massachusetts Senator John F. Kennedy, due to strong support from Catholics who had recently supported Republican candidates, whilst Vice President Nixon was uncontested in the Republican primary.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 53], "section_span": [55, 65], "content_span": [66, 316]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078623-0005-0000", "contents": "1960 United States presidential election in Wisconsin, Vote\nIn the spring, despite anti-Catholic suspicion, polls showed that Kennedy would defeat Nixon in Wisconsin.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 53], "section_span": [55, 59], "content_span": [60, 166]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078623-0006-0000", "contents": "1960 United States presidential election in Wisconsin, Vote\nDuring the fall campaign, polls at the end of September showed the Nixon had gained, due to the religion issue and Eisenhower\u2019s success in achieving a level of peace with the Soviet Union. The state\u2019s Republican Party stressed achievements in peacemaking, whilst Kennedy\u2019s October visit to the state would stress failures in the farm sector during Eisenhower\u2019s administration. In the November election, the state fluctuated before Nixon ultimately carried Wisconsin by a relatively comfortable 3.72 point margin.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 53], "section_span": [55, 59], "content_span": [60, 572]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078623-0007-0000", "contents": "1960 United States presidential election in Wisconsin, Vote\nAs of the 2020 presidential election, this was the last time a Democrat won the presidency without winning Wisconsin. This was also the last time Wisconsin would back the overall losing candidate in a presidential election until 1988, and later in 2000, along with 2004.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 53], "section_span": [55, 59], "content_span": [60, 330]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078624-0000-0000", "contents": "1960 United States presidential election in Wyoming\nThe 1960 United States presidential election in Wyoming took place on November 8, 1960, as part of the 1960 United States presidential election. State voters chose three representatives, or electors, to the Electoral College, who voted for president and vice president.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 51], "section_span": [51, 51], "content_span": [52, 321]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078624-0001-0000", "contents": "1960 United States presidential election in Wyoming\nWyoming was won by incumbent Vice President Richard Nixon (R\u2013California), running with United States Ambassador to the United Nations Henry Cabot Lodge, Jr., with 55.01 percent of the popular vote, against Senator John F. Kennedy (D\u2013Massachusetts), running with Senator Lyndon B. Johnson, with 44.99% of the popular vote. This was the last time a Democrat carried Laramie County without winning Wyoming. Kennedy's Vice President Johnson would go on to win Laramie County in 1964, but won Wyoming.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 51], "section_span": [51, 51], "content_span": [52, 548]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078624-0002-0000", "contents": "1960 United States presidential election in Wyoming, Campaign\nAt the Democratic National Convention the Wyoming delegation had the ceremonial role of giving Kennedy the minimum amount needed to win the Democratic presidential nomination with Teno Roncalio casting the votes although Tracy S. McCraken, Wyoming's national committeeman, was incorrectly stated to have been the one to cast the votes by Time magazine. Governor John J. Hickey stated that the issue over Kennedy's Catholicism would not be important in Wyoming due to Hickey, who was also a Catholic, having won in 1958. During the campaign Nixon conducted a fifty-state strategy and visited every state at least once including Wyoming.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 51], "section_span": [53, 61], "content_span": [62, 697]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078624-0003-0000", "contents": "1960 United States presidential election in Wyoming, Campaign\nThe Republican Party selected Harry B. Henderson, Mary Ellen Hinrichs, and James B. Griffith Sr. as their presidential electors.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 51], "section_span": [53, 61], "content_span": [62, 190]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078625-0000-0000", "contents": "1960 United States presidential election in the District of Columbia\nWhile the District of Columbia lacked any electoral votes in the 1960 presidential general election, it did hold primaries and sent delegations to both major party conventions.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 68], "section_span": [68, 68], "content_span": [69, 245]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078625-0001-0000", "contents": "1960 United States presidential election in the District of Columbia\nThis was the last presidential election in which the District of Columbia lacked any electoral votes.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 68], "section_span": [68, 68], "content_span": [69, 170]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078625-0002-0000", "contents": "1960 United States presidential election in the District of Columbia, Primaries, Democratic primary\nAmong the reasons for which John F. Kennedy opted against competing in the D.C. primary was that he believed that Hubert Humphrey, a civil rights stalwart, would have a strong advantage with the district's predominantly African American electorate. Kennedy also viewed the District's primary as too inconsequential to allot resources to, as it had very few delegates to offer.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 68], "section_span": [70, 99], "content_span": [100, 476]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078625-0003-0000", "contents": "1960 United States presidential election in the District of Columbia, Primaries, Democratic primary\nHumphrey was challenged by Wayne Morse of Oregon, who saw the D.C. primary as a warm-up for the Oregon primary to be held later that month.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 68], "section_span": [70, 99], "content_span": [100, 239]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078625-0004-0000", "contents": "1960 United States presidential election in the District of Columbia, Primaries, Republican primary\nNo candidates ran in the Republican primary, resulting in all votes being awarded to unbound delegates.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 68], "section_span": [70, 99], "content_span": [100, 203]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078626-0000-0000", "contents": "1960 University of Oxford Chancellor election\nThe 1960 University of Oxford election for the position of Chancellor was called upon the death of the incumbent Chancellor, Lord Halifax on 23 December 1959. It was the first election for Oxford Chancellor to be contested since 1925.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 45], "section_span": [45, 45], "content_span": [46, 280]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078626-0001-0000", "contents": "1960 University of Oxford Chancellor election, Electorate\nThe electorate consisted of all members of the University holding the rank of Master of Arts, of which there were around 30,000 at the time. Votes had to be cast in person at Oxford in academic dress. The election was by first past the post. To stand a candidate had to be nominated by two electors.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 45], "section_span": [47, 57], "content_span": [58, 357]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078626-0002-0000", "contents": "1960 University of Oxford Chancellor election, Candidates\nAt first, the university authorities came up with only one candidate, the wealthy Chairman of Lloyds Bank and former British Ambassador to Washington Sir Oliver Franks.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 45], "section_span": [47, 57], "content_span": [58, 226]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078626-0003-0000", "contents": "1960 University of Oxford Chancellor election, Candidates\nHowever, Hugh Trevor-Roper, installed less than three years earlier as Regius Professor of Modern History by the Prime Minister Harold Macmillan, proposed the Prime Minister as an alternative candidate.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 45], "section_span": [47, 57], "content_span": [58, 260]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078626-0004-0000", "contents": "1960 University of Oxford Chancellor election, Course of the election\nTrevor-Roper orchestrated the Macmillan campaign, writing to graduates to encourage them to travel to Oxford to vote for Macmillan.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 45], "section_span": [47, 69], "content_span": [70, 201]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078627-0000-0000", "contents": "1960 Uruguayan Primera Divisi\u00f3n, Overview\nIt was contested by 10 teams, and Pe\u00f1arol won the championship.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 41], "content_span": [42, 105]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078628-0000-0000", "contents": "1960 Utah Redskins football team\nThe 1960 Utah Redskins football team represented the University of Utah during the 1960 NCAA University Division football season. Home games were played on campus in Salt Lake City at Ute Stadium.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [32, 32], "content_span": [33, 229]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078628-0001-0000", "contents": "1960 Utah Redskins football team\nUnder third-year head coach Ray Nagel, the Redskins were 7\u20133 overall and 5\u20131 in the Mountain States Conference (Skyline). They were led on the field by senior quarterback Terry Nofsinger.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [32, 32], "content_span": [33, 220]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078628-0002-0000", "contents": "1960 Utah Redskins football team\nConference foe New Mexico was not played in 1960, so Utah finished a half game behind co-champions Utah State and Wyoming in the standings. The Redskins denied the undefeated Aggies an outright title and a perfect regular season with a 6\u20130 shutout in the conference finale on November 19 in Salt Lake City.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [32, 32], "content_span": [33, 339]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078628-0003-0000", "contents": "1960 Utah Redskins football team\nFor the second straight year, Utah did not face longtime rival Colorado; the teams met in 1961 and 1962, then the series went on hiatus until 2011, when both schools joined the Pac-12 Conference.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [32, 32], "content_span": [33, 228]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078628-0004-0000", "contents": "1960 Utah Redskins football team, NFL draft\nUtah had two players selected in the 1961 NFL Draft.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [34, 43], "content_span": [44, 96]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078629-0000-0000", "contents": "1960 Utah State Aggies football team\nThe 1960 Utah State Aggies football team was an American football team that represented Utah State University in the Skyline Conference (Skyline) during the 1960 NCAA University Division football season. In their second season under head coach John Ralston, the Aggies compiled a 9\u20132 record (6\u20131 against Skyline opponents), tied for the Skyline championship, and outscored opponents by a total of 274 to 85.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [36, 36], "content_span": [37, 444]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078630-0000-0000", "contents": "1960 Utah gubernatorial election\nThe 1960 Utah gubernatorial election was held on November 8, 1960. Republican incumbent George Dewey Clyde defeated Democratic nominee William Arthur Barlocker with 52.66% of the vote.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [32, 32], "content_span": [33, 217]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078630-0001-0000", "contents": "1960 Utah gubernatorial election\nThis was the last time until 1984 that Utah would elect a Republican governor.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [32, 32], "content_span": [33, 111]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078631-0000-0000", "contents": "1960 VFA season\nThe 1960 Victorian Football Association season was the 79th season of the Australian rules football competition. The premiership was won by the Oakleigh Football Club, after it defeated Sandringham in the Grand Final on 1 October by 60 points. It was Oakleigh's fifth premiership.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 15], "section_span": [15, 15], "content_span": [16, 296]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078631-0001-0000", "contents": "1960 VFA season\nThe season was the first in which Association premiership matches were played on Sunday afternoons, a change which dramatically increased the Association's popularity over the following decades.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 15], "section_span": [15, 15], "content_span": [16, 210]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078631-0002-0000", "contents": "1960 VFA season, Association membership\nThe Prahran Football Club was re-admitted to the Association in 1960, bringing the number of teams to seventeen. Prahran had been expelled in 1959 when the Prahran Council leased Toorak Park to the Victorian Rugby Union on alternate Saturdays, leaving the football club unable to meet the Association's minimum home ground requirements, but the club was re-admitted once it had secured a winter-long lease for the ground.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 15], "section_span": [17, 39], "content_span": [40, 461]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078631-0003-0000", "contents": "1960 VFA season, Association membership\nIt was speculated that the Association would admit an eighteenth team to avoid the need for a bye in the fixture, and because it had previously announced its strategic intention to expand to twenty teams. Several groups interested in applying for the Association were mentioned in the press during 1959, including the North Geelong Football Club, the Altona City Council and a group of locals from Broadmeadows; but, ultimately the Association did not find a club with suitable facilities, so the membership remained at seventeen clubs.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 15], "section_span": [17, 39], "content_span": [40, 576]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078631-0004-0000", "contents": "1960 VFA season, Sunday football\nOn 1 April 1960, the Association approved for the first time the playing of VFA premiership matches on Sunday afternoons. Amateur football and charity and practice matches had been played on Sundays in Melbourne before, but top level commercial senior football had not.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 15], "section_span": [17, 32], "content_span": [33, 302]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078631-0004-0001", "contents": "1960 VFA season, Sunday football\nPlaying on Sunday had long been seen as a strong opportunity for the Association to improve its popularity, as it would not be competing for gate takings with the Victorian Football League, which was played entirely on Saturdays; however, Sunday trading was still decades away from being legal, and neither councils nor communities widely approved of playing professional and commercial sport on Sundays. The Association had formally considered and rejected playing on Sundays twice before, most recently in 1957 (when night football was introduced as an alternative timeslot in which the Association would not be competing with League matches).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 15], "section_span": [17, 32], "content_span": [33, 678]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078631-0005-0000", "contents": "1960 VFA season, Sunday football\nAlthough the Association approved Sunday matches, it did not formally schedule any to be played. Instead, clubs were given free rein to move any Saturday game to Sunday, provided there was mutual agreement between the clubs involved, and it was approved by the grounds management committee and the local council; additionally, the Association committed to donating 25% of Sunday gates to charity. The number of games on any given Sunday in 1960 varied from none to as many as three.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 15], "section_span": [17, 32], "content_span": [33, 515]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078631-0006-0000", "contents": "1960 VFA season, Sunday football\nThe first Sunday game was played on 24 April between Brunswick and Coburg; the match, which also happened to the Brunswick's first match back at Brunswick Oval after its redevelopment in 1959, drew a crowd of 17,000, Brunswick's highest home crowd since the 1930s; Coburg 12.17 (89) defeated Brunswick 9.17 (71).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 15], "section_span": [17, 32], "content_span": [33, 345]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078631-0006-0001", "contents": "1960 VFA season, Sunday football\nOther Sunday matches drew huge crowds: on 15 May, Northcote drew a larger crowd to a rain-affected Sunday match than it had drawn to any dry weather Saturday match for more than five years; and on 17 July, a Sunday game between ladder-leaders Oakleigh and winless Prahran, which would normally have roused little interest due to its one-sided nature, drew a gate of \u00a3310, compared with the combined gate of \u00a3391 for all seven of that weekend's Saturday games.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 15], "section_span": [17, 32], "content_span": [33, 492]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078631-0007-0000", "contents": "1960 VFA season, Sunday football\nDespite the successful crowds, the matches were not universally accepted in 1960. Nine of the seventeen councils had approved Sunday matches within six weeks of the VFA announcing them, but some councils were slower to move \u2013 the Box Hill council, for example, did not approve Sunday matches until 1969. The Sandringham Football Club committee voted not to play any matches on Sundays during 1960.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 15], "section_span": [17, 32], "content_span": [33, 430]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078631-0007-0001", "contents": "1960 VFA season, Sunday football\nYarraville played before large Sunday crowds early in the season, but refused requests and opted for smaller Saturday crowds later in the year because one of its star players, Geoff Williams, was unavailable to play on Sundays and it didn't want to jeopardise its premiership chances by playing without him. Another consequence of the Association playing on Sundays was a significant reduction in attendances at amateur games, which had previously been the highest level of football played on Sunday.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 15], "section_span": [17, 32], "content_span": [33, 533]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078631-0008-0000", "contents": "1960 VFA season, Sunday football\nSunday football went on to provide the most significant and lasting popularity boost to the Association since the throw-pass era in the 1930s and 1940s. By the early 1970s, almost all Association matches were played on Sunday, and the State Government refused to allow the League to play its matches on Sunday, meaning that the two competitions were no longer competing for the same gate.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 15], "section_span": [17, 32], "content_span": [33, 421]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078631-0008-0001", "contents": "1960 VFA season, Sunday football\nThis fixturing segregation between the competitions continued until 1979, when the VFL began playing occasional televised matches in Sydney on Sundays; this was followed by the South Melbourne Football Club moving permanently Sydney in 1982 and playing all home games on Sunday, followed by progressively introducing Sunday VFL matches in Victoria through the mid-1980s.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 15], "section_span": [17, 32], "content_span": [33, 403]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078631-0009-0000", "contents": "1960 VFA season, Premiership\nWith seventeen teams, the format of the season changed from previous years. The home-and-home season lasted for twenty weeks, arranged as nineteen rounds with one of those rounds split across two weekends. Each team played eighteen home-and-home matches with one bye \u2013 except for Prahran and Brighton, who each had two byes, but played an extra match (against each other) during the split round.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 15], "section_span": [17, 28], "content_span": [29, 424]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078631-0010-0000", "contents": "1960 VFA season, Premiership\nThe top six teams then qualified for the finals series; in all previous years since the introduction of finals in 1903, four teams had played finals. Under the new final six system, used only in this season:", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 15], "section_span": [17, 28], "content_span": [29, 236]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078631-0011-0000", "contents": "1960 VFA season, Notable events, 1960 Minor States Carnival\nAs a result of finishing last in the 1958 Melbourne Carnival, the Association was relegated to Division 2 of the ANFC championships. The 1960 Minor States Carnival was held in Sydney during 1960, with the winner then playing off a month later against the Australian Amateurs, winners of the Division 2 competition in 1958, in Canberra for promotion to Division 1. Matches were played with the national standard eighteen players per team, rather than the sixteen players used under Association rules. Brunswick's Jim Whiley captained the VFA team.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 15], "section_span": [17, 59], "content_span": [60, 606]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078631-0012-0000", "contents": "1960 VFA season, Notable events, 1960 Minor States Carnival\nThe Association team dominated the Sydney Carnival, winning all three games by more than 100 points; it then defeated the Amateurs by 26 points in the playoff match.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 15], "section_span": [17, 59], "content_span": [60, 225]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078632-0000-0000", "contents": "1960 VFL Grand Final\nThe 1960 VFL Grand Final was an Australian rules football game contested between the Melbourne Football Club and Collingwood Football Club, held at the Melbourne Cricket Ground in Melbourne on 24 September 1960 in extremely wet conditions due to persistent rain during the previous week. It was the 64th annual Grand Final of the Victorian Football League, staged to determine the premiers for the 1960 VFL season. The match, attended despite the conditions by 97,457 spectators, was won by Melbourne by a margin of 48 points, marking that club's 11th premiership victory.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [20, 20], "content_span": [21, 593]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078632-0001-0000", "contents": "1960 VFL Grand Final\nCollingwood's score stands as the lowest it has kicked since the sixth round of 1900, and its sixth-lowest ever. Their four scoring shots is the second-lowest by any team since the tenth round of 1908, with only Fitzroy against Footscray in 1953 having fewer. Even the two goals the Magpies did score were regarded as very lucky. One was from a long kick that just made the distance, and the other was after an easy mark by Melbourne full back Tassie Johnson was dropped in the goal square.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [20, 20], "content_span": [21, 511]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078632-0002-0000", "contents": "1960 VFL Grand Final\nThis was Melbourne's seventh premiership appearance in successive seasons, having won all these contests except the 1954 VFL Grand Final and 1958 VFL Grand Final.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [20, 20], "content_span": [21, 183]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078633-0000-0000", "contents": "1960 VFL season\nThe 1960 Victorian Football League season was the 64th season of the elite Australian rules football competition.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 15], "section_span": [15, 15], "content_span": [16, 129]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078633-0001-0000", "contents": "1960 VFL season, Premiership season\nIn 1960, the VFL competition consisted of twelve teams of 18 on-the-field players each, plus two substitute players, known as the 19th man and the 20th man. A player could be substituted for any reason; however, once substituted, a player could not return to the field of play under any circumstances.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 15], "section_span": [17, 35], "content_span": [36, 337]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078633-0002-0000", "contents": "1960 VFL season, Premiership season\nTeams played each other in a home-and-away season of 18 rounds; matches 12 to 18 were the \"home-and-way reverse\" of matches 1 to 7.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 15], "section_span": [17, 35], "content_span": [36, 167]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078633-0003-0000", "contents": "1960 VFL season, Premiership season\nOnce the 18 round home-and-away season had finished, the 1960 VFL Premiers were determined by the specific format and conventions of the Page\u2013McIntyre system.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 15], "section_span": [17, 35], "content_span": [36, 194]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078633-0004-0000", "contents": "1960 VFL season, Premiership season, Alterations to 1960 match fixtures\nRound 1 of the 1960 competition was played over Easter long weekend, with three matches on Easter Saturday (16 April) and three matches on Easter Monday (18 April). Round 2 of the competition was also scheduled for a long weekend, with four matches scheduled for the Saturday (23 April) and two for the Monday (Anzac Day, 25 April).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 15], "section_span": [17, 71], "content_span": [72, 404]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078633-0005-0000", "contents": "1960 VFL season, Premiership season, Alterations to 1960 match fixtures\nThe four matches on Saturday 23 April were postponed because of the extremely wet conditions. Despite pressure from the Victorian Premier, Henry Bolte, the VFL refused to play the four postponed matches on Anzac Day (which, by custom, would have contributed to patriotic funds), and scheduled the postponed matches for the following Saturday (30 April). As a consequence of this delay all of the season's matches from Round 3 to the Grand Final were played a week later than had been originally scheduled.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 15], "section_span": [17, 71], "content_span": [72, 577]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078633-0006-0000", "contents": "1960 VFL season, Consolation Night Series Competition\nThe night series were held under the floodlights at Lake Oval, South Melbourne, for the teams (5th to 12th on ladder) out of the finals at the end of the season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 15], "section_span": [17, 53], "content_span": [54, 215]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078634-0000-0000", "contents": "1960 VI South African Grand Prix\nThe 6th South African Grand Prix was a motor race, run to Formula Libre rules, held on 1 January 1960 in East London. The race was run over 60 laps of the circuit, and was won by Belgian driver Paul Fr\u00e8re, his second Grand Prix victory following the 1952 Grand Prix des Fronti\u00e8res. Stirling Moss finished second and also set the fastest lap of the race. Local driver Syd van der Vyver finished in third place.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [32, 32], "content_span": [33, 442]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078634-0001-0000", "contents": "1960 VI South African Grand Prix\nThe race was the first of two South African Grands Prix in 1960, with the 7th South African Grand Prix to be held on 27 December 1960.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [32, 32], "content_span": [33, 167]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078635-0000-0000", "contents": "1960 VII South African Grand Prix\nThe 7th South African Grand Prix was a motor race, run to Formula Libre rules, held on 27 December in East London. The race was run over 80 laps of the circuit, and was dominated by British driver Stirling Moss who took pole and came home in first place. Jo Bonnier finished second and also set the fastest lap of the race. The 1960 Formula One World Champion Jack Brabham finished third.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [33, 33], "content_span": [34, 422]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078635-0001-0000", "contents": "1960 VII South African Grand Prix\nThe race was the second South African Grand Prix to be held in 1960, with the 6th South African Grand Prix having been held on 1 January 1960.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [33, 33], "content_span": [34, 176]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078636-0000-0000", "contents": "1960 VMI Keydets football team\nThe 1960 VMI Keydets football team represented the Virginia Military Institute during the 1960 NCAA University Division football season. The team won the Southern Conference championship.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 30], "section_span": [30, 30], "content_span": [31, 218]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078637-0000-0000", "contents": "1960 VPI Gobblers football team\nThe 1960 VPI Gobblers football team represented the Virginia Polytechnic Institute in the 1960 NCAA University Division football season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [31, 31], "content_span": [32, 168]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078637-0001-0000", "contents": "1960 VPI Gobblers football team, Players\nThe following players were members of the 1960 football team according to the roster published in the 1961 edition of The Bugle, the Virginia Tech yearbook.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 40], "content_span": [41, 197]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078638-0000-0000", "contents": "1960 Valdivia earthquake\nThe 1960 Valdivia earthquake (Spanish: Terremoto de Valdivia) or the Great Chilean earthquake (Gran terremoto de Chile) on 22 May 1960 was the most powerful earthquake ever recorded. Various studies have placed it at 9.4\u20139.6 on the moment magnitude scale. It occurred in the afternoon (19:11 GMT, 15:11 local time), and lasted for approximately 10 minutes. The resulting tsunamis affected southern Chile, Hawaii, Japan, the Philippines, eastern New Zealand, southeast Australia, and the Aleutian Islands.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [24, 24], "content_span": [25, 529]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078638-0001-0000", "contents": "1960 Valdivia earthquake\nThe epicenter of this megathrust earthquake was near Lumaco, approximately 570 kilometres (350\u00a0mi) south of Santiago, with Valdivia being the most affected city. The tremor caused localised tsunamis that severely battered the Chilean coast, with waves up to 25 metres (82\u00a0ft). The main tsunami traveled across the Pacific Ocean and devastated Hilo, Hawaii, where waves as high as 10.7 metres (35\u00a0ft) were recorded over 10,000 kilometres (6,200\u00a0mi) from the epicenter.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [24, 24], "content_span": [25, 492]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078638-0002-0000", "contents": "1960 Valdivia earthquake\nThe death toll and monetary losses arising from this widespread disaster are not certain. Various estimates of the total number of fatalities from the earthquake and tsunamis have been published, ranging between 1,000 and 6,000 killed. Different sources have estimated the monetary cost ranged from US$400\u00a0million to $800\u00a0million (or $3.5\u00a0billion to $7\u00a0billion in 2020, adjusted for inflation).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [24, 24], "content_span": [25, 419]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078638-0003-0000", "contents": "1960 Valdivia earthquake, Earthquake sequence, Concepci\u00f3n earthquakes\nThe 1960 Chilean earthquakes were a sequence of strong earthquakes that affected Chile between 21 May and 6 June 1960, centered in the Araucan\u00eda, Ays\u00e9n, and B\u00edo B\u00edo regions of the country. The first three quakes, all registering in the planet's top 10 by magnitude for 1960, are grouped together as the 1960 Concepci\u00f3n earthquakes. The first of these was the 8.1 Mw Concepci\u00f3n earthquake at 06:02 UTC-4 on 21 May 1960. Its epicenter was near Curanilahue.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 69], "content_span": [70, 524]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078638-0003-0001", "contents": "1960 Valdivia earthquake, Earthquake sequence, Concepci\u00f3n earthquakes\nTelecommunications to southern Chile were cut off and President Jorge Alessandri cancelled the traditional ceremony of the Battle of Iquique memorial holiday to oversee the emergency assistance efforts. The second and third Concepci\u00f3n earthquakes occurred the next day at 06:32 UTC-4 (7.1 Mw) and 14:55 UTC-4 (7.8 Mw) on 22 May. These earthquakes formed a southward migrating foreshock sequence to the main Valdivia shock, which occurred just 15 minutes after the third event.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 69], "content_span": [70, 546]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078638-0004-0000", "contents": "1960 Valdivia earthquake, Earthquake sequence, Concepci\u00f3n earthquakes\nThe earthquake interrupted and effectively ended Lota's coal miners' march on Concepci\u00f3n as they demanded higher salaries.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 69], "content_span": [70, 192]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078638-0005-0000", "contents": "1960 Valdivia earthquake, Earthquake sequence, Valdivia earthquake\nThe Valdivia earthquake occurred at 15:11 UTC-4 on 22 May, and affected all of Chile between Talca and Chilo\u00e9 Island, more than 400,000 square kilometres (150,000\u00a0sq\u00a0mi). Coastal villages, such as Tolt\u00e9n, were struck. At Corral, the main port of Valdivia, the water level rose 4\u00a0m (13\u00a0ft) before it began to recede. At 16:20 UTC-4, a wave of 8\u00a0m (26\u00a0ft) struck the Chilean coast, mainly between Concepci\u00f3n and Chilo\u00e9. Another wave measuring 10\u00a0m (33\u00a0ft) was reported ten minutes later.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 66], "content_span": [67, 552]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078638-0006-0000", "contents": "1960 Valdivia earthquake, Earthquake sequence, Valdivia earthquake\nHundreds of people were already reported dead by the time the tsunami struck. One ship, Canelos, starting at the mouth of the Valdivia River, sank after being moved 1.5\u00a0km (0.93\u00a0mi) backward and forward in the river; as of 2005, its mast was still visible from the road to Niebla.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 66], "content_span": [67, 347]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078638-0007-0000", "contents": "1960 Valdivia earthquake, Earthquake sequence, Valdivia earthquake\nThe Valdivian Fort System from the Spanish colonial period were completely destroyed. Soil subsidence also destroyed buildings, deepened local rivers, and created wetlands in such places as the R\u00edo Cruces and Chorocomayo, a new aquatic park north of the city. Extensive areas of the city were flooded. The electricity and water systems of Valdivia were totally destroyed. Witnesses reported underground water flowing up through the soil. Despite the heavy rains of 21 May, the city was without a water supply. The river turned brown with sediment from landslides and was full of floating debris, including entire houses. The lack of potable water became a serious problem in one of Chile's rainiest regions.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 66], "content_span": [67, 774]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078638-0008-0000", "contents": "1960 Valdivia earthquake, Earthquake sequence, Valdivia earthquake\nThe earthquake did not strike all the territory with the same strength; measured with the Mercalli scale, tectonically depressed areas suffered heavier damage. The two most affected areas were Valdivia and Puerto Octay, near the northwest corner of Llanquihue Lake. Puerto Octay was the center of a north\u2013south elliptical area in the Central Valley, where the intensity was at the highest outside the Valdivia Basin. East of Puerto Octay, in a hotel in Todos los Santos Lake, stacked plates were reported to have remained in place.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 66], "content_span": [67, 598]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078638-0008-0001", "contents": "1960 Valdivia earthquake, Earthquake sequence, Valdivia earthquake\nExcepting poor building sites, the zone of Mercalli scales intensities of VII or more all lay west of the Andes in a strip running from Lota (37\u00b0 S) southwards. The area of intensities of VII or more did not penetrate into the Central Valley north of Lleulleu Lake (38\u00b0 S) and south of Castro (42.5\u00b0 S).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 66], "content_span": [67, 370]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078638-0009-0000", "contents": "1960 Valdivia earthquake, Earthquake sequence, Valdivia earthquake\nTwo days after the earthquake Cord\u00f3n Caulle, a volcanic vent close to Puyehue volcano, erupted. Other volcanoes may also have erupted, but none were recorded because of the lack of communication in Chile at the time. The relatively low death toll in Chile (5,700) is explained in part by the low population density in the region, and by building practices that took into account the area's high geological activity.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 66], "content_span": [67, 482]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078638-0010-0000", "contents": "1960 Valdivia earthquake, Earthquake sequence, Aftershocks\nOne of the main aftershocks occurred on 6 June in Ays\u00e9n Region. This earthquake probably occurred along the Liqui\u00f1e-Ofqui Fault, meaning in this case that the fault would have moved as a consequence of the 22 May Valdivia earthquake.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 58], "content_span": [59, 292]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078638-0011-0000", "contents": "1960 Valdivia earthquake, Earthquake sequence, Tectonic interpretation\nThe earthquake was a megathrust earthquake resulting from the release of mechanical stress between the subducting Nazca Plate and the South American Plate, on the Peru\u2013Chile Trench. The focus was relatively shallow at 33\u00a0km (21\u00a0mi), considering that earthquakes in northern Chile and Argentina may reach depths of 70\u00a0km (43\u00a0mi).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 70], "content_span": [71, 399]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078638-0012-0000", "contents": "1960 Valdivia earthquake, Earthquake sequence, Tectonic interpretation\nSubduction zones are known to produce the strongest earthquakes on earth, as their particular structure allows more stress to build up before energy is released. Geophysicists consider it a matter of time before this earthquake will be surpassed in magnitude by another. The earthquake's rupture zone was 800\u00a0km (500\u00a0mi) long, stretching from Arauco (37\u00b0 S) to Chilo\u00e9 Archipelago (43\u00b0 S). Rupture velocity, the speed at which a rupture front expands across the surface of the fault, has been estimated as 3.5\u00a0km (2.2\u00a0mi) per second. The average slip across all 27 Nazca subfaults was estimated to be 11\u00a0m, with 25\u201330\u00a0m of slip 200\u2013500\u00a0km south of the epicenter on offshore subfaults.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 70], "content_span": [71, 754]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078638-0013-0000", "contents": "1960 Valdivia earthquake, Earthquake sequence, Tectonic interpretation\nWhile the Valdivia earthquake was extraordinarily large, the 2016 Chilo\u00e9 earthquake hints that it did not release all the potential slip in that segment of the plate interface.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 70], "content_span": [71, 247]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078638-0014-0000", "contents": "1960 Valdivia earthquake, Natural disasters, Tsunamis\nEarthquake-induced tsunamis affected southern Chile, Hawaii, Japan, the Philippines, China, eastern New Zealand, southeast Australia, and the Aleutian Islands. Some localized tsunamis severely battered the Chilean coast, with waves up to 25\u00a0m (82\u00a0ft). The main tsunami crossed the Pacific Ocean at a speed of several hundred km/h and devastated Hilo, Hawaii, killing 61 people. Most of the tsunami-related deaths in Japan occurred in the northeast Sanriku region of Honshu.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 53], "content_span": [54, 527]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078638-0015-0000", "contents": "1960 Valdivia earthquake, Natural disasters, Tsunamis\nThe Chilean coast was devastated by a tsunami from Mocha Island (38\u00b0 S) to Ays\u00e9n Region (45\u00b0 S). Across southern Chile, the tsunami caused huge loss of life, damage to port infrastructure, and the loss of many small boats. Further north, the port of Talcahuano did not suffer any major damage, only some flooding. Some tugboats and small sailboats were stranded on Rocuant Island near Talcahuano.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 53], "content_span": [54, 450]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078638-0016-0000", "contents": "1960 Valdivia earthquake, Natural disasters, Tsunamis\nAfter the 21 May Concepci\u00f3n earthquake, people in Ancud sought refuge in boats. A carabinero (police) boat, Gloria, was towing a few of these boats when the second earthquake struck on 22 May. As the sea regressed Gloria became stranded between Cerro Guaigu\u00e9n and Cochinos Island. The stranded boat was wrecked when a tsunami wave engulfed it.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 53], "content_span": [54, 397]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078638-0017-0000", "contents": "1960 Valdivia earthquake, Natural disasters, Tsunamis\nAll the new infrastructure of the small port of Bah\u00eda Mansa was destroyed by the tsunami, that reached heights of up to 10 metres above sea level there. The boat Isabella in Bah\u00eda Mansa quickly left the port but lost its anchors.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 53], "content_span": [54, 283]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078638-0018-0000", "contents": "1960 Valdivia earthquake, Natural disasters, Tsunamis\nIn the Valdivia River and Corral Bay, several vessels were wrecked by the earthquake, among them Argentina, Canelos, Carlos Haverbeck, Melita, and the salvaged remnants of Penco. Canelos was anchored at Corral when the quake struck, filling a cargo of wood and other products destined for northern Chile. The engine of Canelos was warmed up after the earthquake. After hours of drifting around in Corral Bay and Valdivia River, the ship was wrecked and subsequently abandoned by its crew at 18.00 PM. Two men on board Canelos died in the incident. As of 2000, the remnants of Canelos were still visible.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 53], "content_span": [54, 657]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078638-0019-0000", "contents": "1960 Valdivia earthquake, Natural disasters, Tsunamis\nSantiago, another ship anchored at Corral at the time of the quake, managed to leave Corral in a bad state but was wrecked off the coast of Mocha Island on 24 May. The schooner La Milagrosa departed from Queule on 22 May to load a cargo of Fitzroya wood shingles in a small port south of Corral. La Milagrosa was battered by the currents and waves of the tsunami for four days while moving south. Outside Corral the crew rescued six nearly unconscious and dehydrated children on board two boats. The boats found were used to navigate in Valdivia River and Corral Bay but had drifted into the high sea.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 53], "content_span": [54, 655]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078638-0020-0000", "contents": "1960 Valdivia earthquake, Natural disasters, Tsunamis\nAt the coastal town of Queule, a carabinero reported hundreds of people dead or missing some days after the tsunami. Historians Yoselin Jaramillo and Ismael Basso report that people in Queule decades later know about 50 people to have died because of the earthquake and tsunami.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 53], "content_span": [54, 332]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078638-0021-0000", "contents": "1960 Valdivia earthquake, Natural disasters, Landslides\nThe earthquake triggered numerous landslides, mainly in the steep glacial valleys of the southern Andes. Within the Andes, most landslides occurred on forested mountain slopes around the Liqui\u00f1e-Ofqui Fault. Some of these areas remain sparsely vegetated while others have naturally developed more or less pure stands of Nothofagus dombeyi. These landslides did not cause many fatalities nor significant economic losses because most of the areas were uninhabited, with only minor roads.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 55], "content_span": [56, 541]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078638-0022-0000", "contents": "1960 Valdivia earthquake, Natural disasters, Landslides\nOne landslide caused destruction and alarm following its blockage of the outflow of Ri\u00f1ihue Lake (see \"Ri\u00f1ihuazo\" section below). About 100\u00a0km (62\u00a0mi) south of Ri\u00f1ihue Lake, landslides in the mountains around Golgol River caused the river to dam up; when it burst through the earthen dam, it created a flood down to Puyehue Lake. The Golgol landslides destroyed parts of international Route 215-CH, which connects to Bariloche in Argentina through Cardenal Antonio Samor\u00e9 Pass.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 55], "content_span": [56, 533]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078638-0023-0000", "contents": "1960 Valdivia earthquake, Natural disasters, Landslides\nWhile most landslides clustered around north\u2013south strips in the Andes, other areas that were affected by large numbers of landslides were the coast, mainly the foot of the Chilean Coast Range, and the shores of Llanquihue Lake.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 55], "content_span": [56, 284]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078638-0024-0000", "contents": "1960 Valdivia earthquake, Natural disasters, Seiches\nA seiche of more than 1 meter was observed on Panguipulli Lake following the earthquake. On 22 May, a seiche occurred also in Nahuel Huapi Lake, on the Argentine side of the Andes, more than 200\u00a0km away from Valdivia. The wave, most likely produced by an earthquake-triggered sediment slide at the lake bottom, killed two people and destroyed a pier in San Carlos de Bariloche city.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 52], "content_span": [53, 435]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078638-0025-0000", "contents": "1960 Valdivia earthquake, Natural disasters, Ri\u00f1ihue Lake's flood\nDuring the Great Chilean earthquake, several landslides west of Tralc\u00e1n Mountain blocked the outflow of Ri\u00f1ihue Lake. Ri\u00f1ihue Lake is the lowest of the Seven Lakes chain and receives a constant inflow from the Enco River. The blocked San Pedro River, which drains the lake, passes through several towns before reaching the city of Valdivia near the coast.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 65], "content_span": [66, 421]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078638-0026-0000", "contents": "1960 Valdivia earthquake, Natural disasters, Ri\u00f1ihue Lake's flood\nAs the San Pedro River was blocked, the water level of Ri\u00f1ihue Lake started to rise quickly. Each meter the water level rose was equivalent to 20\u00a0million cubic meters, which meant that 480\u00a0million cubic meters of water would release into the San Pedro River (easily overpowering its flow capacity of 400 cubic metres (14,000\u00a0cu\u00a0ft) per second if it rose above the final, 24-meter-high dam. This potential disaster would have violently flooded all the settlements along the course of the river in less than five hours, with more dire consequences if the dam suddenly broke.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 65], "content_span": [66, 638]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078638-0027-0000", "contents": "1960 Valdivia earthquake, Natural disasters, Ri\u00f1ihue Lake's flood\nAbout 100,000 people lived in the affected zone. Plans were made to evacuate Valdivia, and many people left. To avoid the destruction of the city, several military units and hundreds of workers from ENDESA, CORFO, and MOP started an effort to control the lake. Twenty-seven bulldozers were put into service, but they had severe difficulties moving in the mud near the dams, so dykes had to be constructed with shovels from June onwards. The work was not restricted to the lake; drainages from other parts of the Seven Lakes were dammed to minimize additional flow into Ri\u00f1ihue Lake. These dams were removed later, with the exception of Calafqu\u00e9n Lake, which still retains its dam.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 65], "content_span": [66, 746]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078638-0028-0000", "contents": "1960 Valdivia earthquake, Natural disasters, Ri\u00f1ihue Lake's flood\nBy 23 June, the main dam had been lowered from 24 to 15\u00a0m (79 to 49\u00a0ft), allowing 3\u00a0billion cubic metres of water to leave the lake gradually, but still with considerable destructive power. The team was led by ENDESA engineer Ra\u00fal S\u00e1ez.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 65], "content_span": [66, 302]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078638-0029-0000", "contents": "1960 Valdivia earthquake, Natural disasters, Cord\u00f3n Caulle eruption\nOn 24 May, 38 hours after the main shock of the 1960 Valdivia earthquake, the Cord\u00f3n Caulle volcano erupted. The eruption was believed to have been triggered by the earthquake. Between two sparsely populated and isolated Andean valleys, the eruption had few eyewitnesses and received little attention by local media, which was preoccupied with the severe and widespread damage and losses caused by the earthquake. The eruption was first noticed and reported as an explosion by the crew of a United States Air Force plane that was heading to Santiago from Puerto Montt.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 67], "content_span": [68, 636]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078638-0030-0000", "contents": "1960 Valdivia earthquake, Natural disasters, Cord\u00f3n Caulle eruption\nThe eruption fed a 5.5\u00a0km long fissure on 135\u00b0 heading where 21 individual vents have been found. These vents produced an output of about 0.25\u00a0km3 DRE both in form of lava flows and tephra. The eruption ended on 22 July, 59 days later.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 67], "content_span": [68, 303]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078638-0031-0000", "contents": "1960 Valdivia earthquake, Natural disasters, Cord\u00f3n Caulle eruption\nAs a result of an evacuation plan, there were no reported human deaths associated with the eruption.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 67], "content_span": [68, 168]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078638-0032-0000", "contents": "1960 Valdivia earthquake, Consequences and response, Urban impact\nThe levels of material damage were relatively low given the high magnitude of the earthquake. Part of the reason behind this was the limited infrastructure development of the region next to the rupture zone. Structures that had been designed to resist earthquakes performed well during the earthquake, chiefly suffering damage when affected by soil subsidence or small fault movements. Houses built by their owners fared badly. In the regions of Maule and B\u00edo B\u00edo, houses built from adobe and masonry proved weak, while from Araucan\u00eda to the south weak houses were mainly those built with inappropriate wood that had decayed over time.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 65], "content_span": [66, 701]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078638-0033-0000", "contents": "1960 Valdivia earthquake, Consequences and response, Urban impact\nIt has been estimated that about 40 percent of the houses in Valdivia were destroyed, leaving 20,000 people homeless. The most affected structures were those built of concrete, which in some cases collapsed completely, because they were not built using modern earthquake engineering. Traditional wooden houses fared better; although many were uninhabitable if they did not collapse. Houses built upon elevated areas suffered considerably less damage compared to those on the lowlands, which absorbed great amounts of energy. Many city blocks with destroyed buildings in the city center remained empty until the 1990s and 2000s, with some of them still used as parking lots. Before the earthquake, some of these blocks had modern concrete buildings built after the Great Valdivia fire of 1909.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 65], "content_span": [66, 858]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078638-0034-0000", "contents": "1960 Valdivia earthquake, Consequences and response, Urban impact\nValdivia's bridges suffered only minor damage. Land subsidence in Corral Bay improved navigability as shoal banks, produced earlier by sediments from Madre de Dios and other nearby gold mines, sank and were compacted. As the earthquake destroyed Valdivia's flood barriers, general land subsidence exposed new areas to flooding.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 65], "content_span": [66, 393]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078638-0035-0000", "contents": "1960 Valdivia earthquake, Consequences and response, Urban impact\nThe United States quickly set up a field hospital following the earthquake. Aided by the United States, a geological survey of Valdivia was done following the earthquake and resulted in the city's first geological map. Mexico built and donated the public school Escuela M\u00e9xico after the earthquake.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 65], "content_span": [66, 364]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078638-0036-0000", "contents": "1960 Valdivia earthquake, Consequences and response, Urban impact\nThe earthquakes damaged an area that had suffered a long period of economic decline, which began with shifts in trade routes due to the expansion of railroads in southern Chile and the opening of the Panama Canal in 1914.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 65], "content_span": [66, 287]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078638-0037-0000", "contents": "1960 Valdivia earthquake, Consequences and response, Urban impact\nUnlike Valdivia, Osorno was saved from major destruction. In Osorno only about 20 houses were totally destroyed, although many firewalls and chimneys collapsed.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 65], "content_span": [66, 226]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078638-0038-0000", "contents": "1960 Valdivia earthquake, Consequences and response, Urban impact\nPuerto Montt, a major city today, had in the early 1960s about 49,500 inhabitants. The bulk of the damage in Puerto Montt was located in the neighborhood of Barrio Modelo and the northern part of Bah\u00eda Angelm\u00f3, where artificial fills subsided. Angelm\u00f3 and other coastal areas of Puerto Montt were among the few urban areas that suffered \"total destruction\" by the earthquake.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 65], "content_span": [66, 441]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078638-0039-0000", "contents": "1960 Valdivia earthquake, Consequences and response, Impact in the countryside\nThe tsunami that struck the coast of southern Chile destroyed seaside farms, killing numerous livestock and people. Barns and industrial structures were destroyed by the quake. The dairy industry was among the few industries of the affected zone that received subsidies and investment after the earthquake. It received state support through a long-term policy after the earthquake.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 78], "content_span": [79, 460]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078638-0040-0000", "contents": "1960 Valdivia earthquake, Consequences and response, Impact in the countryside\nAs a result of the earthquake, an international technological cooperation programme was established in the dairy sector. More specifically, the German and Danish governments helped to create the Centro Tecnol\u00f3gico de la Leche (the Milk Technological Centre) in the Southern University of Chile. The scholar Erik Dahm\u00e9n believes that the earthquake resulted in a \"creative destruction\" for farmers of Southern Chile.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 78], "content_span": [79, 494]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078638-0041-0000", "contents": "1960 Valdivia earthquake, Consequences and response, Impact in the countryside\nThe economy of the coastal town of Queule had during the 1950s developed significantly. Its economy based on fishing, agriculture and industry had grown. Queule was connected by road in 1957 to the rest of the country and the town had developed into a balneario. This era of prosperity ended with the 1960 earthquake.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 78], "content_span": [79, 396]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078638-0042-0000", "contents": "1960 Valdivia earthquake, Consequences and response, Impact in the countryside\nFurther north the earthquake destroyed numerous houses in the coal-mining town of Lebu.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 78], "content_span": [79, 166]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078638-0043-0000", "contents": "1960 Valdivia earthquake, Consequences and response, Creation of emergency committee\nAfter the 1960 Valdivia earthquake, a committee was formed to solve problems caused by the earthquake. It continued to operate, to develop approaches for national emergencies. In 1974, after the 1971 eruption of Villarrica volcano, the committee was officially founded as ONEMI (Spanish acronym for Ministry of Interior National Emergency Office) when it was authorized by law as an independent governmental office.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 84], "content_span": [85, 500]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078638-0044-0000", "contents": "1960 Valdivia earthquake, Consequences and response, Human sacrifice\nIn the coastal village Collileufu (La Araucan\u00eda Region), native Lafkenches carried out a human sacrifice during the days following the main earthquake. Collileufu is located in the Budi Lake area, south of Puerto Saavedra, which was highly isolated in 1960. The Mapuche spoke primarily Mapudungun. The community had gathered in Cerro La Mesa, while the lowlands were struck by successive tsunamis. Juana Namuncura A\u00f1en, a local machi, demanded the sacrifice of the grandson of Juan Painecur, a neighbor, in order to calm the earth and the ocean. The victim was 5-year-old Jos\u00e9 Luis Painecur, an \"orphan\" (huacho) whose mother had gone to work as a domestic worker in Santiago and left her son under the care of his father.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 68], "content_span": [69, 791]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078638-0045-0000", "contents": "1960 Valdivia earthquake, Consequences and response, Human sacrifice\nThe sacrifice was learned about by authorities after a boy in the commune of Nueva Imperial denounced to local leaders the theft of two horses; these were allegedly eaten during the sacrifice ritual. Two men were charged with the crime of murder and confessed, but later recanted. They were released from prison after two years. A judge ruled that those involved had \"acted without free will, driven by an irresistible natural force of ancestral tradition\". The story was mentioned in a Time magazine article, although with little detail.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 68], "content_span": [69, 607]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078638-0046-0000", "contents": "1960 Valdivia earthquake, Previous and subsequent earthquakes\nThere is evidence that a similar earthquake and landslide occurred in 1575 in Valdivia. This earthquake was of similar strength and also caused a Ri\u00f1ihuazo. According to the chronicle of Mari\u00f1o de Lobera, corregidor of Valdivia in 1575, a landslide blocked the outflow of the lagoon of Renigua. Several months later in April, it caused a flood. He said that the Spanish settlers had evacuated and waited on high ground until after the dam burst, but many aboriginals died in the flood waters. While the 1575 earthquake is considered the one most similar to that of 1960, it differed in not having caused any tsunami in Japan.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 61], "content_span": [62, 687]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078638-0047-0000", "contents": "1960 Valdivia earthquake, Previous and subsequent earthquakes\nOther lesser earthquakes that preceded the 1960 event occurred in 1737 and 1837.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 61], "content_span": [62, 142]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078638-0048-0000", "contents": "1960 Valdivia earthquake, Previous and subsequent earthquakes\nOn 27 February 2010 at 03:34 local time, an 8.8 magnitude earthquake occurred just to the north (off the coast of the Maule region of Chile, between Concepci\u00f3n and Santiago). This quake was reported to be centered approximately 35 kilometres (22\u00a0mi) deep and several miles off shore. It may have been related or consequential to the 1960 tremor.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 24], "section_span": [26, 61], "content_span": [62, 407]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078639-0000-0000", "contents": "1960 Vanderbilt Commodores football team\nThe 1960 Vanderbilt Commodores football team represented Vanderbilt University in the 1960 NCAA University Division football season. The Commodores were led by head coach Art Guepe in his eighth season and finished the season with a record of three wins and seven losses (3\u20137 overall, 0\u20137 in the SEC).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [40, 40], "content_span": [41, 342]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078640-0000-0000", "contents": "1960 Venezuelan Primera Divisi\u00f3n season\nThe 1960 season of the Venezuelan Primera Divisi\u00f3n, the top category of Venezuelan football, was played by 4 teams. The national champions were Portugu\u00e9s.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [39, 39], "content_span": [40, 194]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078641-0000-0000", "contents": "1960 Vermont Catamounts football team\nThe 1960 Vermont Catamounts football team was an American football team that represented  the University of Vermont in the Yankee Conference during the 1960 NCAA College Division football season. In their ninth year under head coach J. Edward Donnelly, the team compiled a 1\u20136 record.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [37, 37], "content_span": [38, 322]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078642-0000-0000", "contents": "1960 Vermont gubernatorial election\nThe 1960 Vermont gubernatorial election took place on November 8, 1960. Incumbent Republican Robert Stafford did not run for re-election to a second term as Governor of Vermont. Republican candidate F. Ray Keyser, Jr. defeated Democratic candidate Russell F. Niquette to succeed him.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [35, 35], "content_span": [36, 319]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078643-0000-0000", "contents": "1960 Villanova Wildcats football team\nThe 1960 Villanova Wildcats football team represented the Villanova University during the 1960 NCAA University Division football season. The head coach was Alexander F. Bell, coaching his first season with the Wildcats. The team played their home games at Villanova Stadium in Villanova, Pennsylvania.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [37, 37], "content_span": [38, 339]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078644-0000-0000", "contents": "1960 Virginia Cavaliers football team\nThe 1960 Virginia Cavaliers football team represented the University of Virginia during the 1960 NCAA University Division football season. The Cavaliers were led by third-year head coach Dick Voris and played their home games at Scott Stadium in Charlottesville, Virginia. They competed as members of the Atlantic Coast Conference, finishing in last. Virginia finished without a win for the second consecutive year and extended their losing streak to 28 games, tying the NCAA record set between 1945 and 1948 by the Kansas State Wildcats. Voris, who managed just one win in three seasons at Virginia, resigned as head coach at the end of the season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [37, 37], "content_span": [38, 687]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078645-0000-0000", "contents": "1960 Volta a Catalunya\nThe 1960 Volta a Catalunya was the 40th edition of the Volta a Catalunya cycle race and was held from 4 September to 11 September 1960. The race started in Montju\u00efc and finished in Barcelona. The race was won by Miguel Poblet.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 22], "section_span": [22, 22], "content_span": [23, 249]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078646-0000-0000", "contents": "1960 Vuelta a Espa\u00f1a\nThe 15th Vuelta a Espa\u00f1a (Tour of Spain), a long-distance bicycle stage race and one of the three grand tours, was held from 29 April to 15 May 1960. It consisted of 17 stages covering a total of 3,567\u00a0km (2,216\u00a0mi), and was won by Franz De Mulder of the Groene Leeuw cycling team. Arthur De Cabooter won the points classification and Antonio Karmany won the mountains classification.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [20, 20], "content_span": [21, 405]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078647-0000-0000", "contents": "1960 WANFL season\nThe 1960 WANFL season was the 76th season of the various incarnations of the Western Australian National Football League.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [17, 17], "content_span": [18, 139]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078648-0000-0000", "contents": "1960 WCHA Men's Ice Hockey Tournament\nThe 1960 WCHA Men's Ice Hockey Tournament was the 1st conference playoff in league history. Additionally it is the first conference tournament ever held for an American college ice hockey conference. The tournament was played between March 11 and March 12, 1960. All games were played at home team campus sites. By being declared as co-champions, both Michigan Tech and Denver were invited to participate in the 1960 NCAA Men's Ice Hockey Tournament.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [37, 37], "content_span": [38, 488]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078648-0001-0000", "contents": "1960 WCHA Men's Ice Hockey Tournament\nThough not official designations, Michigan Tech is considered as the East Regional Champion\u2020 and Denver as the West Regional Champion\u2021.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [37, 37], "content_span": [38, 173]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078648-0002-0000", "contents": "1960 WCHA Men's Ice Hockey Tournament, Format\nThe top four teams in the WCHA, based upon the conference regular season standings, were eligible for the tournament and were seeded No. 1 through No. 4 . In the first round the first and fourth seeds and the second and third seeds were matched in two-game series where the team with the higher number of goals scored was declared the winner. Rather than decide upon a single tournament champion, the WCHA declared the winners of the two series as co-tournament champions.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [39, 45], "content_span": [46, 518]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078648-0003-0000", "contents": "1960 WCHA Men's Ice Hockey Tournament, Format, Conference Standings\nNote: GP = Games Played; W = Wins; L = Losses; T = Ties; PCT = Winning Percentage; GF = Goals For; GA = Goals Against", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [39, 67], "content_span": [68, 185]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078649-0000-0000", "contents": "1960 Wake Forest Demon Deacons football team\nThe 1960 Wake Forest Demon Deacons football team was an American football team that represented Wake Forest University during the 1960 NCAA University Division football season. In its first season under head coach Bill Hildebrand, the team compiled a 2\u20138 record and finished in seventh place in the Atlantic Coast Conference (ACC).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [44, 44], "content_span": [45, 376]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078649-0001-0000", "contents": "1960 Wake Forest Demon Deacons football team\nQuarterback Norm Snead was selected by the United Press International as a first-team player on the 1960 All-Atlantic Coast Conference football team. Snead later played 16 seasons in the NFL and was a four-time All-Pro selection.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [44, 44], "content_span": [45, 274]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078650-0000-0000", "contents": "1960 Washington Huskies football team\nThe 1960 Washington Huskies football team represented the University of Washington during the 1960 NCAA University Division football season. Home games were played on campus in Seattle at Husky Stadium. Under fourth-year head coach Jim Owens, Washington was 9\u20131 in the regular season, 4\u20130 in the Athletic Association of Western Universities (AAWU), defeated top-ranked Minnesota in the Rose Bowl, and outscored its opponents 272\u00a0to\u00a0107. The Helms Athletic Foundation, which included bowl games in their calculus, awarded the Huskies the National Championship.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [37, 37], "content_span": [38, 597]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078650-0001-0000", "contents": "1960 Washington Huskies football team, Season\nLed on the field by senior quarterback Bob Schloredt, an All-American the previous year, the Huskies started the season ranked third. Schloredt broke his collarbone in the fifth game, against UCLA, and did not play again in the regular season. Bob Hivner took over as quarterback and won the game plus the next five.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [39, 45], "content_span": [46, 362]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078650-0002-0000", "contents": "1960 Washington Huskies football team, Season\nA one-point loss on a last-minute field goal by Orange Bowl-bound Navy two weeks earlier in Seattle was the season's only blemish. The Huskies returned to the Rose Bowl to meet the top-ranked Minnesota Golden Gophers of the Big Ten Conference on January 2. A seven-point underdog, sixth-ranked Washington upset Minnesota 17\u20137 for consecutive Rose Bowl wins. Schloredt returned at quarterback and was the player of the game for a second straight year.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [39, 45], "content_span": [46, 496]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078650-0003-0000", "contents": "1960 Washington Huskies football team, Season\nThe final rankings in this era were released at the end of the regular season (in late November), prior to the bowl\u00a0games. Washington was ranked fifth and sixth in the respective polls.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [39, 45], "content_span": [46, 231]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078650-0004-0000", "contents": "1960 Washington Huskies football team, Professional football draft selections\nSix University of Washington Huskies were selected in the 1961 NFL Draft, which lasted 20 rounds with 280 selections. Four Huskies were selected in the 1961\u00a0AFL\u00a0Draft, which lasted 30 rounds with 240 selections; three of the four were also selected in the NFL draft.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [39, 77], "content_span": [78, 344]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078651-0000-0000", "contents": "1960 Washington Redskins season\nThe 1960 Washington Redskins season was the franchise's 29th season in the National Football League. The team failed to improve on their 3\u20139 record from 1959 and finished last-place in the NFL Eastern Conference, with a 1\u20139\u20132 record under second-year head coach Mike Nixon. The Redskins' only win that season was a 26\u201314 victory against the first-year expansionists Dallas Cowboys team on October 9 in Washington.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [31, 31], "content_span": [32, 445]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078651-0001-0000", "contents": "1960 Washington Redskins season\nThis season was also the last one in their old stadium, Griffith Stadium. Following the season, the Redskins fired Mike Nixon, and replaced him with Bill McPeak.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [31, 31], "content_span": [32, 193]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078651-0002-0000", "contents": "1960 Washington Redskins season, Regular season, Standings\nNote: Tie games were not officially counted in the standings until 1972.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 58], "content_span": [59, 131]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078652-0000-0000", "contents": "1960 Washington Senators season\nThe 1960 Washington Senators won 73 games, lost 81, and finished in fifth place in the American League. They were managed by Cookie Lavagetto and played home games at Griffith Stadium, where they drew 743,404 fans in 1960, last in the eight-team league but an increase of almost 25 percent over 1959. This was the \"original\" Senators' 60th and final season in Washington, as they moved to Minnesota and became the Twins in 1961, which they have been named ever since. Griffith Stadium was demolished after the second Washington Senators franchise played its inaugural season there.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [31, 31], "content_span": [32, 613]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078652-0001-0000", "contents": "1960 Washington Senators season, Regular season, Relocation to Minnesota\nAfter an early flirtation with San Francisco, by 1957 Calvin Griffith was courting Minneapolis-St. Paul, a prolonged process that resulted in him rejecting the Twin Cities' first offer before agreeing to relocate. The American League opposed the move at first, but in 1960 a deal was reached: The Senators would move and would be replaced with an expansion Senators team for 1961. The old Washington Senators became the Minnesota Twins.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 72], "content_span": [73, 509]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078652-0002-0000", "contents": "1960 Washington Senators season, Player stats, Batting, Starters by position\nNote: Pos = Position; G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 76], "content_span": [77, 201]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078652-0003-0000", "contents": "1960 Washington Senators season, Player stats, Batting, Other batters\nNote: G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 69], "content_span": [70, 178]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078652-0004-0000", "contents": "1960 Washington Senators season, Player stats, Pitching, Starting pitchers\nNote: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 74], "content_span": [75, 185]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078652-0005-0000", "contents": "1960 Washington Senators season, Player stats, Pitching, Other pitchers\nNote: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 71], "content_span": [72, 182]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078652-0006-0000", "contents": "1960 Washington Senators season, Player stats, Pitching, Relief pitchers\nNote: G = Games pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; SV = Saves; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 31], "section_span": [33, 72], "content_span": [73, 173]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078653-0000-0000", "contents": "1960 Washington State Cougars football team\nThe 1960 Washington State Cougars football team was an American football team that represented Washington State University as an independent during the 1960 NCAA University Division football season. In their fifth season under head coach Jim Sutherland, the Cougars compiled a 4\u20135\u20131 record and outscored their opponents 210\u00a0to\u00a0161.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 43], "section_span": [43, 43], "content_span": [44, 375]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078653-0001-0000", "contents": "1960 Washington State Cougars football team\nThe team's statistical leaders included Mel Melin with 1,638 passing yards, Keith Lincoln with 543 rushing yards, and Hugh\u00a0Campbell with 881 receiving yards.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 43], "section_span": [43, 43], "content_span": [44, 201]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078653-0002-0000", "contents": "1960 Washington State Cougars football team, NFL Draft\nOne Cougar was selected in the 1961 NFL Draft, which was twenty rounds (280 selections).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 43], "section_span": [45, 54], "content_span": [55, 143]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078654-0000-0000", "contents": "1960 Washington gubernatorial election\nThe 1960 Washington gubernatorial election took place on November 8, 1960, between incumbent Democratic governor Albert Rosellini and State Superintendent of Public Instruction Lloyd J. Andrews, nominated by the Republican Party.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [38, 38], "content_span": [39, 268]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078654-0001-0000", "contents": "1960 Washington gubernatorial election\nRosellini was re-elected to a second term as Governor of Washington, in a close race with Andrews. The election was the first in Washington state history to feature televised gubernatorial debates.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [38, 38], "content_span": [39, 236]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078654-0002-0000", "contents": "1960 Washington gubernatorial election, Description and events\nRepublican challengers to incumbent Governor Rosellini began announcing their bids for the office in early 1960. State representative and Republican house minority leader Newman H. Clark of the 43rd district announced his bid on January 23 at a Republican Party committee meeting. State Superintendent of Public Instruction Lloyd J. Andrews announced his bid on March 1, promising to improve the fiscal outlook for Washington's public schools while also criticizing Rosellini for his heavy spending and creation of a large tax burden. Republican chairman William C. Goodloe was a favorite to run, but announced in May that he would not run in the election.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 62], "content_span": [63, 719]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078654-0003-0000", "contents": "1960 Washington gubernatorial election, Description and events\nRosellini announced his re-election bid on May 21, at a Democratic rally in Seattle's Civic Auditorium. Touting his accomplishments during his term in office, Rosellini promised to \"continue the job of progress in the State of Washington.\" Two Democratic candidates, Snohomish writer John Patric and Tacoma used cars salesman Bruce M. Sigman, both entered the race in July to challenge Rosellini, but did not make much headway.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 62], "content_span": [63, 490]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078654-0004-0000", "contents": "1960 Washington gubernatorial election, Description and events\nThe Republican primary campaign, pitting Andrews and Clark, was described as \"rigorous contest\" between the two. Andrews centered his campaign on attacking Rosellini and his administration, while Clark criticized both Rosellini and Andrews for their fiscal positions and proposed tax hikes. Early polls put Andrews as the clear frontrunner in the Republican race, with strong support from his native Eastern Washington, leading Rosellini's campaign to begin attacking Andrews and his record in the state senate, sensing a close general election.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 62], "content_span": [63, 608]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078654-0005-0000", "contents": "1960 Washington gubernatorial election, Description and events\nDuring the September 13 primary, Rosellini defeated Patric and Sigman with a landslide victory, while Andrews defeated Clark by a comfortable margin. High voter turnout for Andrews, and low turnout for Rosellini, led The Seattle Times to declare that Rosellini \"faces trouble\" in the general contest.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 62], "content_span": [63, 363]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078654-0006-0000", "contents": "1960 Washington gubernatorial election, Description and events\nTwo smaller parties, the Socialist Labor Party of America and Socialist Workers Party, also nominated candidates in the election.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 62], "content_span": [63, 192]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078654-0007-0000", "contents": "1960 Washington gubernatorial election, Description and events\nOn November 8, Rosellini defeated Andrews by a narrow margin of 17,865 votes (1.4 percent) in the general election, the smallest margin since the 1940 election. Rosellini, a Democrat, was re-elected despite Washington voters rejecting Democratic candidate John F. Kennedy in favor of Republican Richard M. Nixon in the concurrent presidential race. The initial returns led Andrews to delay conceding to Rosellini until November 17, after the final absentee ballots were tallied; Andrews had a brief lead in absentee ballots, but fell short of the margin needed to overtake Rosellini.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 62], "content_span": [63, 646]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078654-0008-0000", "contents": "1960 Washington gubernatorial election, Description and events\nThe Seattle Times noted similarities between the 1956 and 1960 elections, especially in the preliminary stages, with an early Republican frontrunner deterring strong opponents from entering the race, only to be defeated by Rosellini.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 62], "content_span": [63, 296]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078654-0009-0000", "contents": "1960 Washington gubernatorial election, Description and events, Debates\nThe 1960 election featured the first televised debates in Washington gubernatorial history. KING-TV, based in Seattle, broadcast two of the debates between Rosellini and Andrews along with sister stations KREM-TV in Spokane and KPQ-TV in Wenatchee.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 71], "content_span": [72, 320]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078654-0010-0000", "contents": "1960 Washington gubernatorial election, Description and events, Debates\nThe first debate, on September 28, came two days after presidential candidates Richard M. Nixon and John F. Kennedy debated for the first time on national television. The Seattle Times called the first gubernatorial debate \"more entertaining than informative\", noting that candidates \"didn't bother to wait for recognition by the moderator [or each other].\" Rosellini showed \"flashes of hot temper\", while Andrews accused the incumbent governor of never attempting to balance the budget despite claims of effort.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 71], "content_span": [72, 584]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078654-0010-0001", "contents": "1960 Washington gubernatorial election, Description and events, Debates\nBoth candidates addressed the state's troubled public school system and budgetary problems, the latter of which Andrews argued was caused by Rosellini's spending, as well as pay increases for teachers. After the debate, Andrews criticized the debate's format and rules, and asked that candidates be asked the same questions and limit rebuttals.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 71], "content_span": [72, 416]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078654-0011-0000", "contents": "1960 Washington gubernatorial election, Description and events, Debates\nThe second televised debate, on October 25, focused on taxation and fixing issues with the state-built Hood Canal Bridge. In a more subdued affair, candidates had limited rebuttals but continued to attack and denounce each other. Rosellini was accused by Andrews of attacking him directly after quoting Andrews' Republican primary opponent Newman H. Clark.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 38], "section_span": [40, 71], "content_span": [72, 428]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078655-0000-0000", "contents": "1960 Waterford Senior Hurling Championship\nThe 1960 Waterford Senior Hurling Championship was the 60th staging of the Waterford Senior Hurling Championship since its establishment by the Waterford County Board in 1897.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 42], "section_span": [42, 42], "content_span": [43, 218]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078655-0001-0000", "contents": "1960 Waterford Senior Hurling Championship\nOn 9 October 1960, Mount Sion won the championship after a 5-09 to 2-05 defeat of Erin's Own in the final. This was their 16th championship title overall and their eighth title in succession.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 42], "section_span": [42, 42], "content_span": [43, 234]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078656-0000-0000", "contents": "1960 West Virginia Mountaineers football team\nThe 1960 West Virginia Mountaineers football team represented West Virginia University during the 1960 NCAA University Division football season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 45], "section_span": [45, 45], "content_span": [46, 190]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078657-0000-0000", "contents": "1960 West Virginia gubernatorial election\nThe 1960 West Virginia gubernatorial election took place on November 8, 1960, to elect the governor of West Virginia.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 41], "section_span": [41, 41], "content_span": [42, 159]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078658-0000-0000", "contents": "1960 Western Australian Legislative Council election\nElections were held in the Australian state of Western Australia on 30 April 1960 to elect 10 of the 30 members of the state's Legislative Council.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 52], "section_span": [52, 52], "content_span": [53, 200]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078659-0000-0000", "contents": "1960 Western Michigan Broncos football team\nThe 1960 Western Michigan Broncos football team represented Western Michigan University in the Mid-American Conference (MAC) during the 1960 NCAA University Division football season. In their fourth season under head coach Merle Schlosser, the Broncos compiled a 4\u20134\u20131 record (2\u20134 against MAC opponents), finished in fifth place in the MAC, and were outscored by their opponents, 173 to 106. The team played its home games at Waldo Stadium in Kalamazoo, Michigan.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 43], "section_span": [43, 43], "content_span": [44, 507]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078659-0001-0000", "contents": "1960 Western Michigan Broncos football team\nCenter Leroy Repischak was the team captain. Offensive tackle Jim Habel received the team's most outstanding player award.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 43], "section_span": [43, 43], "content_span": [44, 166]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078660-0000-0000", "contents": "1960 Western Region legislative election\nLegislative elections were held in Western Region in Nigeria in July 1960. The result was a victory for Action Group, which won 79 of the 122 seats.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 40], "section_span": [40, 40], "content_span": [41, 189]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078661-0000-0000", "contents": "1960 Western Samoan Constitutional Assembly election\nConstitutional Assembly elections were held in Western Samoa on 23 July 1960.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 52], "section_span": [52, 52], "content_span": [53, 130]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078661-0001-0000", "contents": "1960 Western Samoan Constitutional Assembly election, Background\nIn preparation for independence on 1 January 1962, a Constitutional Assembly was called to write a constitution for the soon-to-be independent country. The Assembly was to include the 46 members of the Legislative Assembly elected in 1957 (41 Samoans and 5 Europeans), the Fautua (the two paramount chiefs of Samoa, Malietoa Tanumafili II and Tupua Tamasese Mea\u02bbole), Tama-a-Aiga Tuiaana Tuimaleali'ifano Suatipatipa II, 123 elected chiefs (three elected from each of the 41 Samoan Legislative Assembly constituencies) and 10 elected Europeans.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 52], "section_span": [54, 64], "content_span": [65, 609]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078661-0002-0000", "contents": "1960 Western Samoan Constitutional Assembly election, Background\nIn order to vote in the elections, European residents were required to take Samoan citizenship. However, only 500 of the 1,500 eligible Europeans did so, with some arguing that they should not have to renounce their nationality at a time when the Samoan state did not exist.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 52], "section_span": [54, 64], "content_span": [65, 339]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078661-0003-0000", "contents": "1960 Western Samoan Constitutional Assembly election, Campaign\nIn the 41 Samoan constituencies, only twelve had more than three candidates and required a vote to take place. All candidates were matais. Only five Europeans were nominated for the ten seats, all of whom were returned unopposed.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 52], "section_span": [54, 62], "content_span": [63, 292]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078662-0000-0000", "contents": "1960 Wichita Shockers football team\nThe 1960 Wichita Shockers football team was an American football team that represented the University of Wichita (now known as Wichita State University) as a member of the Missouri Valley Conference during the 1960 NCAA University Division football season. In its first season under head coach Hank Foldberg, the team compiled an 8\u20132 record (3\u20130 against MVC opponents), won the MVC championship, and outscored opponents by a total of 211 to 145. The team played its home games at Veterans Field, now known as Cessna Stadium.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 35], "section_span": [35, 35], "content_span": [36, 560]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078663-0000-0000", "contents": "1960 Wightman Cup\nThe 1960 Wightman Cup was the 32nd edition of the annual women's team tennis competition between the United States and Great Britain. It was held at the All England Lawn Tennis and Croquet Club in London in England in the United Kingdom.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [17, 17], "content_span": [18, 255]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078664-0000-0000", "contents": "1960 William & Mary Indians football team\nThe 1960 William & Mary Indians football team represented William & Mary during the 1960 NCAA University Division football season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 41], "section_span": [41, 41], "content_span": [42, 172]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078665-0000-0000", "contents": "1960 Wimbledon Championships\nThe 1960 Wimbledon Championships took place on the outdoor grass courts at the All England Lawn Tennis and Croquet Club in Wimbledon, London, United Kingdom. The tournament ran from Monday 20 June until Saturday 2 July 1960. It was the 74th staging of the Wimbledon Championships, and the third Grand Slam tennis event of 1960. Neale Fraser and Maria Bueno won the singles titles.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [28, 28], "content_span": [29, 409]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078665-0001-0000", "contents": "1960 Wimbledon Championships, Champions, Seniors, Men's Doubles\nRafael Osuna /  Dennis Ralston defeated  Mike Davies /  Bobby Wilson, 7\u20135, 6\u20133, 10\u20138", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 63], "content_span": [64, 148]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078665-0002-0000", "contents": "1960 Wimbledon Championships, Champions, Seniors, Women's Doubles\nMaria Bueno /  Darlene Hard defeated  Sandra Reynolds /  Ren\u00e9e Schuurman, 6\u20134, 6\u20130", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 65], "content_span": [66, 148]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078665-0003-0000", "contents": "1960 Wimbledon Championships, Champions, Seniors, Mixed Doubles\nRod Laver /  Darlene Hard defeated  Robert Howe /  Maria Bueno, 13\u201311, 3\u20136, 8\u20136", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 28], "section_span": [30, 63], "content_span": [64, 143]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078666-0000-0000", "contents": "1960 Wimbledon Championships \u2013 Boys' Singles\nRod Mandelstam defeated Jaidip Mukerjea in the final, 1\u20136, 8\u20136, 6\u20134 to win the Boys' Singles tennis title at the 1960 Wimbledon Championships.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [44, 44], "content_span": [45, 187]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078667-0000-0000", "contents": "1960 Wimbledon Championships \u2013 Girls' Singles\nKaren Hantze defeated Lynne Hutchings in the final, 6\u20134, 6\u20134 to win the Girls' Singles tennis title at the 1960 Wimbledon Championships.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 45], "section_span": [45, 45], "content_span": [46, 182]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078668-0000-0000", "contents": "1960 Wimbledon Championships \u2013 Men's Doubles\nRoy Emerson and Neale Fraser were the defending champions, but lost in the quarterfinals to Mike Davies and Bobby Wilson.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [44, 44], "content_span": [45, 166]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078668-0001-0000", "contents": "1960 Wimbledon Championships \u2013 Men's Doubles\nRafael Osuna and Dennis Ralston defeated Davies and Wilson in the final, 7\u20135, 6\u20133, 10\u20138 to win the Gentlemen' Doubles tennis title at the 1960 Wimbledon Championship.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [44, 44], "content_span": [45, 211]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078668-0002-0000", "contents": "1960 Wimbledon Championships \u2013 Men's Doubles, Seeds\nClick on the seed number of a player to go to their draw section.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [46, 51], "content_span": [52, 117]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078669-0000-0000", "contents": "1960 Wimbledon Championships \u2013 Men's Singles\nNeale Fraser defeated Rod Laver in the final, 6\u20134, 3\u20136, 9\u20137, 7\u20135, to win the Gentlemen's Singles tennis title at the 1960 Wimbledon Championships. Alex Olmedo was the defending champion, but was ineligible to compete after turning professional.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [44, 44], "content_span": [45, 289]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078669-0001-0000", "contents": "1960 Wimbledon Championships \u2013 Men's Singles, Seeds\nClick on the seed number of a player to go to their draw section.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [46, 51], "content_span": [52, 117]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078670-0000-0000", "contents": "1960 Wimbledon Championships \u2013 Mixed Doubles\nRod Laver and Darlene Hard successfully defended their title, defeating Bob Howe and Maria Bueno in the final, 13\u201311, 3\u20136, 8\u20136 to win the Mixed Doubles tennis title at the 1960 Wimbledon Championships.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [44, 44], "content_span": [45, 246]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078670-0001-0000", "contents": "1960 Wimbledon Championships \u2013 Mixed Doubles, Seeds\nClick on the seed number of a player to go to their draw section.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 44], "section_span": [46, 51], "content_span": [52, 117]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078671-0000-0000", "contents": "1960 Wimbledon Championships \u2013 Women's Doubles\nJeanne Arth and Darlene Hard were the defending champions, but Arth did not compete. Hard partnered with Maria Bueno, and they defeated Sandra Reynolds and Ren\u00e9e Schuurman in the final, 6\u20134, 6\u20130 to win the Ladies' Doubles tennis title at the 1960 Wimbledon Championships.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 46], "section_span": [46, 46], "content_span": [47, 318]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078671-0001-0000", "contents": "1960 Wimbledon Championships \u2013 Women's Doubles, Seeds\nClick on the seed number of a player to go to their draw section.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 46], "section_span": [48, 53], "content_span": [54, 119]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078672-0000-0000", "contents": "1960 Wimbledon Championships \u2013 Women's Singles\nMaria Bueno successfully defended her title, defeating Sandra Reynolds in the final, 8\u20136, 6\u20130 to win the Ladies' Singles tennis title at the 1960 Wimbledon Championships.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 46], "section_span": [46, 46], "content_span": [47, 217]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078672-0001-0000", "contents": "1960 Wimbledon Championships \u2013 Women's Singles, Seeds\nClick on the seed number of a player to go to their draw section.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 46], "section_span": [48, 53], "content_span": [54, 119]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078672-0002-0000", "contents": "1960 Wimbledon Championships \u2013 Women's Singles, Seeds\nJan Lehane withdrew due to injury. Her opponent in the first round received a walkover into the second round.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 46], "section_span": [48, 53], "content_span": [54, 163]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078673-0000-0000", "contents": "1960 Winnipeg Blue Bombers season\nThe 1960 Winnipeg Blue Bombers, defending Grey Cup champions, finished in first place in the W.I.F.U. with a league-best record of 14\u20132. Their 453 points scored were the most in the CFL (although their 28.3 points per game was slightly less than the 28.6 of Ottawa Rough Riders, who scored 400 points but in the East's shorter 14-game schedule). Their 239 points allowed were only 14 more than the Edmonton Eskimos, and their +214 points differential dwarfed Ottawa's +117, which had the second-best total. Their first-place finish earned them the bye into the WIFU Finals. They took the first game of the best two-of-three Finals by defeating Edmonton 22\u201316 in Edmonton, but lost the next two in Winnipeg by scores of 10\u20135 and 4\u20132, bringing an abrupt end to an otherwise dominant season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [33, 33], "content_span": [34, 822]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078673-0001-0000", "contents": "1960 Winnipeg Blue Bombers season, 1960 Preseason\nOn July 29, the Blue Bombers played the BC Lions in Cedar Rapids, Iowa. Part of the local appeal was the presence on three former University of Iowa stars, Kenny Ploen and Ray Jauch of the Blue Bombers, and Willie Fleming of the BC Lions. The Blue Bombers defeated the Lions by a score of 13\u20137 in front of 12,583 fans.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 49], "content_span": [50, 368]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078673-0002-0000", "contents": "1960 Winnipeg Blue Bombers season, 1960 regular season\nFullback and punter Charlie Shepard set a record with a 95-yard punt for a single in the victory over the Saskatchewan Roughriders on September 12.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 54], "content_span": [55, 202]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078673-0003-0000", "contents": "1960 Winnipeg Blue Bombers season, 1960 regular season, Injuries\nThe Blue Bombers lost tackle Buddy Tinsley for two games with a facial injury and fullback Tony Kehrer for the season with a leg fracture, from injuries sustained in the victory over the BC Lions on September 17. End Farrell Funston was lost for the season after suffering a separated shoulder in the victory over the BC Lions on October 13.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 64], "content_span": [65, 406]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078673-0004-0000", "contents": "1960 Winnipeg Blue Bombers season, 1960 regular season, Injuries\nQuarterback Kenny Ploen broke a bone in his throwing hand in the third quarter of the first game of the WIFU Final in Edmonton. At that point, Vernon Cole took over at quarterback while Ploen shifted to safety, for the balance of game one and all of game two.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 64], "content_span": [65, 324]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078673-0005-0000", "contents": "1960 Winnipeg Blue Bombers season, 1960 regular season, Buddy Tinsley Night\nThe Blue Bombers honored their 11-year veteran tackle with \"Buddy Tinsley Night\" at half-time during their Thursday, October 13, 1960, game versus the BC Lions. Tinsley, a Baylor grad, had been an all-star in seven of the previous ten seasons. Coach Bud Grant said the team requested a special players' meeting, without Tinsley, to prepare. The Winnipeg crowd of 16,773 was delighted when Tinsley lined up at fullback and took a hand-off from quarterback Kenny Ploen over from the BC one-yard line for a touchdown late in the fourth quarter.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 75], "content_span": [76, 617]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078673-0006-0000", "contents": "1960 Winnipeg Blue Bombers season, 1960 regular season, Buddy Tinsley Night\nCoincidentally, three other Blue Bomber linemen also scored touchdowns, although all three\u2014by center Garland Warren, guard Cornell Piper and linebacker Jack Delveaux\u2014came on BC fumbles.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 75], "content_span": [76, 261]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078673-0007-0000", "contents": "1960 Winnipeg Blue Bombers season, 1960 regular season, Buddy Tinsley Night\nCFL commissioner Syd Halter took a dim view of the length of the ceremony for Tinsley. He slapped the Bombers with a $100 fine for the delay caused to the start of the second half.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 75], "content_span": [76, 256]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078674-0000-0000", "contents": "1960 Winter Olympics\nThe 1960 Winter Olympics (officially the VIII Olympic Winter Games and also known as Squaw Valley 1960) were a winter multi-sport event held from February 18 to 29, 1960, at the Squaw Valley Resort (now Palisades Tahoe) in Squaw Valley, California, United States. The resort was chosen to host the Games at the 1956 meeting of the International Olympic Committee (IOC). Squaw Valley was an undeveloped resort in 1955, so the infrastructure and all of the venues were built at a cost of US$80\u00a0million between 1956 and 1960. The layout was designed to be intimate, allowing spectators and competitors to reach most of the venues on foot.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [20, 20], "content_span": [21, 656]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078674-0001-0000", "contents": "1960 Winter Olympics\nThe 1960 Winter Games hosted athletes from 30 nations, competing in four sports and 27 events. Biathlon and women's speed skating made their Olympic debuts. Bobsled was not on the Winter Olympic programme for the first and only time; the organizers had decided the events did not warrant the cost of building a bobsled venue after a poll indicated that only nine countries were planning to participate.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [20, 20], "content_span": [21, 423]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078674-0002-0000", "contents": "1960 Winter Olympics, Host city selection\nPalisades Tahoe, then called Squaw Valley, was a struggling ski resort with minimal facilities, which made its selection to host the 1960 Winter Olympics a surprise. Wayne Poulsen and Alexander Cushing were inspired to bid for the Olympics by a newspaper article mentioning that Reno, Nevada, and Anchorage, Alaska, had expressed interest in the Games. Poulsen, president of the Squaw Valley Development Company, petitioned California Governor Goodwin Knight to support a bid to host the Olympic Games. Knight's administration agreed and recommended that the California Legislature appropriate $1,000,000 to the effort.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [22, 41], "content_span": [42, 661]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078674-0002-0001", "contents": "1960 Winter Olympics, Host city selection\nBased on the financial support received from the State of California, the United States Olympic Committee (USOC) approved the bid on January 7, 1955. Cushing and the USOC received a resolution passed by the United States Congress and signed by President Dwight Eisenhower, calling on the International Olympic Committee (IOC) to consider Squaw Valley's bid for the 1960 Games. Preliminary reports were drafted and submitted to the IOC, which was considering bids from Innsbruck, Austria, St. Moritz, Switzerland and Chamonix, France.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [22, 41], "content_span": [42, 575]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078674-0002-0002", "contents": "1960 Winter Olympics, Host city selection\nSquaw Valley was provisionally awarded the right to host the Games, but IOC president Avery Brundage warned the Organizing Committee that unless more funds were secured by April 1956, the bid would be awarded to Innsbruck. Another $4,000,000 were committed by the State Legislature, which met Brundage's requirements. On April 4, 1956, the right to host the 1960 Winter Olympics was officially awarded to Squaw Valley. Competitors and officials from European nations were angered by the selection; they felt that the alpine ski courses were not up to specifications and that the altitude would prove too stressful on the athletes.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [22, 41], "content_span": [42, 672]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078674-0003-0000", "contents": "1960 Winter Olympics, Organization\nSquaw Valley in 1956 consisted of one chair lift, two rope tows, and a fifty-room lodge. Cushing presented the site as a blank canvas of unspoiled environment, where a world-class ski resort could be constructed. The obscurity of the location was underscored at the closing ceremonies of the 1956 Winter Olympics. Traditionally the mayor of the current host city passes a flag to the mayor of the next host city signalling the transfer of the Games. Since Squaw Valley was an unincorporated village it had no city government. John Garland, an IOC member from California, was asked to stand in and received the flag from the mayor of Cortina d'Ampezzo.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [22, 34], "content_span": [35, 686]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078674-0004-0000", "contents": "1960 Winter Olympics, Organization\nAfter winning the right to host the Games, the California Olympic Commission was formed. They were given four years to build venues, an Olympic Village, and expand infrastructure. With the expansion of roads, bridges, water and electrical capacity the resort of Squaw Valley became the city of Squaw Valley. Hotels, restaurants, administration buildings, a Sheriff's office and a sewage pumping and treatment plant were all constructed to support the influx of visitors for the Games. Organizers wanted the Olympics to be intimate with the venues close to one another.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [22, 34], "content_span": [35, 603]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078674-0004-0001", "contents": "1960 Winter Olympics, Organization\nThe Blyth Memorial Ice Arena was built along with three outdoor skating rinks, a 400-meter speed skating oval and four dormitories to house athletes. One venue deemed impractical to build was the bobsled run. Organizers felt the lack of possible entrants and the high cost of building the run were sufficient deterrents to leave the bobsled events off the 1960 Olympic program.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [22, 34], "content_span": [35, 412]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078674-0005-0000", "contents": "1960 Winter Olympics, Organization\nSeveral design innovations and new technologies were used for the 1960 Games. The speed skating, figure skating and ice hockey events were held on artificial ice for the first time in Olympic history. A refrigeration plant capable of heating 4,800 homes had to be built to generate and maintain the ice. The heat generated from the refrigeration plant was used to warm spectators, provide hot water, and melt the snow off of roofs. New timing equipment provided by Longines was installed that used a quartz clock to measure to the hundredths of a second.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [22, 34], "content_span": [35, 589]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078674-0005-0001", "contents": "1960 Winter Olympics, Organization\nIBM provided a computer that was capable of tabulating results and printing them in English and French. Blyth Arena, site of the opening and closing ceremonies as well as the figure skating and ice hockey competitions, was built with a 22\u00a0in (56\u00a0cm) gap in the roof, which would slide closed as the cables supporting the roof contracted during cold weather.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [22, 34], "content_span": [35, 392]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078674-0006-0000", "contents": "1960 Winter Olympics, Organization\nFunding for Cushing's initial bid to the IOC came from the California Legislature and investors in the \"Squaw Valley Development Company\", who were owners of the existing resort. To fund the construction, organizers turned to the federal government, which provided about a quarter of the $80 million required to host the Games. The monies were used to build sports arenas and provide military support during the Games. Further funding was secured from private sponsorships and from the State of California. Governor Knight and his successor Edmund \"Pat\" Brown remained behind the project, seeing it as a means to showcase the state of California to the world.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [22, 34], "content_span": [35, 694]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078674-0007-0000", "contents": "1960 Winter Olympics, Organization, Television\nTelevision was not new to the Olympic Winter Games; broadcasts of events to European audiences had begun in 1956. What was unprecedented was the sale of exclusive United States television rights to broadcast the Games. The Organizing Committee decided to sell the television broadcast rights to CBS for $50,000. Unknown at the time was how lucrative the sale of broadcast rights would become. For example, CBS purchased the rights to broadcast the 1960 Summer Olympics for $550,000.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [22, 46], "content_span": [47, 529]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078674-0007-0001", "contents": "1960 Winter Olympics, Organization, Television\nDuring the Games, CBS broadcast 15 and a quarter hours of television focusing on ice hockey, speed skating, figure skating, alpine skiing and ski jumping. The impact of television was felt during the Games; in the men's slalom event, officials who were unsure if a skier had missed a gate asked CBS if they could review tape of the event. This request gave CBS the idea for what is now known as instant replay.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [22, 46], "content_span": [47, 457]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078674-0008-0000", "contents": "1960 Winter Olympics, Politics\nAthletic competition between the Soviet Union and United States had grown intense during the 1950s. Their opposing ideologies and interests in nations such as East and West Germany, China and North and South Korea created a delicate situation as the 1960 Winter Games approached. Of particular interest was the question of whether China would be allowed to participate. Chinese athletes last competed at the 1952 Summer Games but had since withdrawn from the IOC due to a dispute over Taiwan's participation as a separate country. The US supported Taiwan while the Soviet Union stood behind China.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [22, 30], "content_span": [31, 628]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078674-0008-0001", "contents": "1960 Winter Olympics, Politics\nGiven that the 1960 Games were to be held in the US, there was concern among IOC members that the host nation would not allow China or any other Communist country to take part. In 1957, IOC president Avery Brundage, an American, announced that if the US refused entry to any country recognized by the IOC, they would revoke Squaw Valley's invitation to host the Games and he would resign the presidency. The US did allow athletes from Communist countries to participate. China continued calls for Taiwan to be expelled from the IOC, demands that were refused until China broke off relations ending any hope they would participate in the 1960 Games.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [22, 30], "content_span": [31, 679]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078674-0009-0000", "contents": "1960 Winter Olympics, Politics\nProblems similar to the issue with China broke out over North Korea and East Germany. Prior to the Korean War the IOC had recognized the Olympic committee of Korea, which was headquartered in Seoul. North Korea was not recognized as a separate country by the IOC who maintained the existence of one Olympic committee. A unified team compromise was proposed but rejected by North Koreans, which meant only athletes from South Korea participated due to their prior recognition.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [22, 30], "content_span": [31, 506]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078674-0009-0001", "contents": "1960 Winter Olympics, Politics\nPressure for full recognition of East Germany continued despite the fact that both East and West Germany had participated as a unified team in 1956. One of the conditions for a unified German team was that the athletes be represented by a neutral flag. Initially West German officials refused to agree to this stipulation citing the fact that the West German flag had been used at both the 1956 Winter and Summer Games, although that flag was also used by East Germany prior to 1959. Eventually the neutral flag was adopted and a unified German team participated.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [22, 30], "content_span": [31, 594]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078674-0010-0000", "contents": "1960 Winter Olympics, Events\nThe Games were held from February 18 to 28. Medals were awarded in 27 events contested in 4 sports (8 disciplines). The sport of biathlon was added to the program as were speed skating events for women. After a poll was taken indicating that only nine countries would send a bobsled team, the organizers determined that bobsled would be removed from the Olympic program. Despite petitions from the International Bobsleigh and Tobogganing Federation to reconsider, the organizers felt they could not justify the costs of constructing a bobsled run for nine competing nations. It would be the only time in Winter Olympic history that the bobsled events were not held.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [22, 28], "content_span": [29, 694]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078674-0011-0000", "contents": "1960 Winter Olympics, Events, Opening ceremonies\nThe chairman of the Pageantry Committee was Walt Disney, who was responsible for producing both the opening and closing ceremonies at Blyth Memorial Arena. He organized an opening that included 5,000 entertainers, the release of 2,000 pigeons, and a military gun salute of eight shots, one for each of the previous Winter Olympic Games. The opening ceremonies were held on February 18, 1960, at Blyth Arena in the midst of a blizzard. The heavy snow fall caused traffic problems that delayed the ceremony by an hour.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [22, 48], "content_span": [49, 565]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078674-0011-0001", "contents": "1960 Winter Olympics, Events, Opening ceremonies\nThe festivities began with a sustained drum roll as the flags of each participating nation were raised on specially designed flag poles. Vice President Richard Nixon represented the United States government and declared the Games open. The Olympic cauldron was lit by Kenneth Henry, Olympic champion of the 500\u00a0meter speed skating race at the 1952 Winter Olympics in Oslo. The Olympic oath was taken by Carol Heiss on behalf of all the athletes. As the national delegations left the stadium fireworks concluded the ceremonies.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [22, 48], "content_span": [49, 575]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078674-0012-0000", "contents": "1960 Winter Olympics, Events, Ice hockey\nThe ice hockey tournament took place at Blyth Arena and the Squaw Valley Olympic Skating Rink. Controversy over the amateur status of communist players overshadowed the event. Canadian Olympic officials objected to the use of \"professional amateurs\" by Eastern Bloc countries, and especially the Soviet Union. They alleged that the Soviets were giving their elite hockey players phantom jobs in the military that allowed them to play hockey full-time, which gave Soviet teams an advantage that they used to dominate Olympic hockey tournaments for more than 30\u00a0years.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [22, 40], "content_span": [41, 607]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078674-0012-0001", "contents": "1960 Winter Olympics, Events, Ice hockey\nThis issue started coming to light during the 1960 Games and would culminate in a Canadian boycott of the Olympic hockey tournament at the 1972 and 1976 Winter Olympics. The team from the United States won an improbable gold medal, defeating the favored Canadian and Soviet teams, who took silver and bronze respectively. This was the first Olympic gold medal in ice hockey for the United States and it would mark the last time a Soviet team did not win the Olympic tournament until the United States victory at the 1980 Winter Olympics.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [22, 40], "content_span": [41, 578]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078674-0013-0000", "contents": "1960 Winter Olympics, Events, Cross-country skiing\nThere were six cross-country skiing races at the 1960 Olympics, four for men and two for women, all held at the McKinney Creek Cross-Country Complex. Soviet women swept the 10\u00a0kilometer race, which was the first medal sweep for the Soviets at the Winter Olympics. They were however upset by Sweden in the 3\u00d75\u00a0kilometer relay. Nordic countries dominated the men's competition. Swedish lumberjack Sixten Jernberg added a gold and silver to the four medals he won in 1956. He would add two golds and a bronze in 1964 to finish his Olympic career with nine medals, which made him the most decorated Winter Olympian. Finnish skier Veikko Hakulinen added a gold, silver and bronze to the two golds and two silvers he had won in 1952 and 1956.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [22, 50], "content_span": [51, 787]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078674-0014-0000", "contents": "1960 Winter Olympics, Events, Biathlon\nBiathlon made its Olympic debut in 1960. The precursor to biathlon, military patrol, was on the Olympic program for the first Olympic Games in 1924. It was a demonstration sport at the 1928, 1936, and 1948 Winter Olympics, though the competition was only open to members of the armed forces. Military patrol fell out of favor in 1948 due to anti-military sentiments in the post World War II era. Biathlon took its place and was instated as a full Olympic sport in 1960. It encompassed a 20\u00a0kilometer cross-country race with four shooting stations at ranges from 100 to 250\u00a0m (330 to 820\u00a0ft). Klas Lestander from Sweden became the first Olympic champion, Antti Tyrv\u00e4inen from Finland and Soviet Aleksandr Privalov placed second and third respectively.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [22, 38], "content_span": [39, 789]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078674-0015-0000", "contents": "1960 Winter Olympics, Events, Nordic combined\nThe Nordic combined competition was held on February 21 at the Squaw Valley normal hill and the McKinney Creek Cross-Country Complex. The athletes had three jumps on February 21 followed by a 15\u00a0kilometer cross-country race. German skier Georg Thoma became the first non-Nordic athlete to win the event. He would win bronze medal in the Nordic combined in 1964. Tormod Knutsen of Norway and Nikolay Gusakov of the Soviet Union placed second and third, respectively. Gusakov's wife, Maria Gusakova, competed in the cross-country events, winning a gold and silver.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [22, 45], "content_span": [46, 608]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078674-0016-0000", "contents": "1960 Winter Olympics, Events, Ski jumping\nThere was one ski jumping event at the 1960 Games, the men's normal hill, which was held on February 28. In 1964, the competition would be expanded to include a men's large hill event. Helmut Recknagel became the first German to win the event. In 1994 he would be joined by Jens Wei\u00dfflog as the only German ski jumping Olympic champions. Niilo Halonen from Finland and Austrian Otto Leodolter earned the silver and bronze medals.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [22, 41], "content_span": [42, 471]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078674-0017-0000", "contents": "1960 Winter Olympics, Events, Figure skating\nHeld at Blyth Memorial Arena, the figure skating competition took place between February 19 and 26. Although this was not the first time figure skating had been held indoors, it would never be contested outdoors again. There were three events: men's and women's singles and the pairs competition. In the men's event, David Jenkins of the United States, brother of 1956 Winter Olympic figure skating champion Hayes Jenkins, won the gold medal. It was his second Olympic medal, having won the bronze in 1956. Czechoslovakian Karol Div\u00edn took the silver medal, and Canadian Donald Jackson won the bronze.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [22, 44], "content_span": [45, 646]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078674-0017-0001", "contents": "1960 Winter Olympics, Events, Figure skating\nAmerican Carol Heiss, winner of the silver medal in 1956, became the Olympic champion in 1960. A year later she married Hayes Jenkins and starred in Snow White and the Three Stooges. Dutch skater Sjoukje Dijkstra took the silver medal; she would finish her amateur career with an Olympic gold medal in 1964. Barbara Ann Roles gave the United States its third figure skating medal of the competition when she took the bronze.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [22, 44], "content_span": [45, 469]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078674-0017-0002", "contents": "1960 Winter Olympics, Events, Figure skating\nThe Soviet Union made its Olympic figure skating debut by sending two couples to compete in the pairs competition; the result belied the fact that Soviet skaters would soon come to dominate this event. The competition was won by the Canadian pair of Barbara Wagner and Bob Paul who had won the last three world championships. The German pair Marika Kilius and Hans-J\u00fcrgen B\u00e4umler followed their recent European championship victory with the Olympic silver medal, and the American husband-and-wife team of Ron and Nancy Ludington took the bronze.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [22, 44], "content_span": [45, 590]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078674-0018-0000", "contents": "1960 Winter Olympics, Events, Speed skating\nWomen were allowed to compete in the Olympic speed skating competition for the first time in 1960. Multiple nations had requested the inclusion of women's speed skating events in the program for the 1956 Games, but the request was rejected by the IOC. The issue was revisited for the 1960 Games, and since women had been competing internationally since 1936 and there was a World Championship for women's speed skating, the IOC agreed to four events; 500, 1,000, 1,500, and 3,000\u00a0meters (the same as the number of men's events).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [22, 43], "content_span": [44, 572]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078674-0018-0001", "contents": "1960 Winter Olympics, Events, Speed skating\nMost of the events were held on the Squaw Valley Olympic Skating Rink, which was an outdoor skating oval, and featured artificial ice, a first for the Olympic speed skating competition. Given the altitude and the artificial ice, the rink was the fastest in the world, as evidenced by Norwegian Knut Johannesen\u2019s world record in the 10,000\u00a0meter event. At 15:46.6 he was the first skater ever to break the 16-minute barrier, and eclipsed the previous world record by 46\u00a0seconds. Despite Johannesen's victory, the Soviets dominated the speed skating events, winning all but two of the races.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [22, 43], "content_span": [44, 633]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078674-0018-0002", "contents": "1960 Winter Olympics, Events, Speed skating\nYevgeny Grishin won both the 500 and 1,500\u00a0meter races, though he shared the 1,500\u00a0meter gold medal with Norwegian Roald Aas. Grishin said that \u201cwatching the Soviet flag wave in the blue American sky\u201d was the proudest moment of his life. Lidiya Skoblikova from the Soviet Union was the other double gold medalist, when she won the 1,500 and 3,000\u00a0meter events. Polish skaters Helena Pilejczyk and Elwira Seroczy\u0144ska placed second and third in the 1,500\u00a0meter event, which were Poland's only medals of the Games. They were just the second and third Poles ever to win Winter Olympic medals.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [22, 43], "content_span": [44, 632]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078674-0019-0000", "contents": "1960 Winter Olympics, Events, Alpine skiing\nDespite the lack of facilities at Squaw Valley, the resort did have steep mountain slopes in close proximity, resulting in some of the most difficult alpine skiing courses in Olympic history. Both men and women competed in the downhill, giant slalom and slalom with all 6 events held between February 20 and 26. The men's downhill was won by Frenchman Jean Vuarnet who changed the sport by becoming the first Olympic champion to use metal skis. Swiss skier Roger Staub won the giant slalom and Ernst Hinterseer from Austria was the slalom champion. German Heidi Biebl won the women's downhill, Yvonne R\u00fcegg of Switzerland won the giant slalom and Anne Heggtveit from Canada won the slalom. Penny Pitou of the United States was the only multiple medal winner with two silvers in the downhill and giant slalom.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [22, 43], "content_span": [44, 852]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078674-0020-0000", "contents": "1960 Winter Olympics, Events, Closing ceremonies\nThe Games were brought to a close on February 28 in Blyth Memorial Arena in front of 20,000 people. Flags of the participating nations were followed by the athletes who marched as a group with no national distinctions, a tradition carried over from the 1956 Summer Olympics. The flag bearers made a semi-circle around the rostrum and the national anthems of Greece (even though the nation didn't compete), the United States, and Austria were played as their respective flags were raised.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [22, 48], "content_span": [49, 536]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078674-0020-0001", "contents": "1960 Winter Olympics, Events, Closing ceremonies\nThe Greek flag honored Greece as the originators of the Olympic Games, the United States flag represented the host nation and the Austrian flag was raised because Innsbruck, Austria had been selected to host the 1964 Winter Games. IOC president Avery Brundage declared the Games closed, at which point the Olympic flame was extinguished. The Games concluded with the release of several thousand balloons.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [22, 48], "content_span": [49, 453]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078674-0021-0000", "contents": "1960 Winter Olympics, Calendar\nThe opening ceremony was held on February 18, along with the first games of the Ice hockey tournament. From February 19 to 28, at least one event final was held each day.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [22, 30], "content_span": [31, 201]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078674-0022-0000", "contents": "1960 Winter Olympics, Calendar\n\u2020 The numeral indicates the number of event finals for each sport held that day.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [22, 30], "content_span": [31, 111]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078674-0023-0000", "contents": "1960 Winter Olympics, Venues\nThe lack of facilities prior to the Olympics gave organizers freedom to tailor the layout of the venues to fit the needs of the athletes. Their vision was for an intimate Games in which athletes and spectators could walk between venues. This was accomplished with the exception of the cross-country events, which were held at McKinney Creek, a 12\u00a0mi (19\u00a0km) drive from Squaw Valley. In prior Winter Olympics the athletes were housed in hotels or billeted with local families. Since no such facilities existed in Squaw Valley, the organizers decided to build the first Olympic Village at the Winter Games. Competitors slept in one of four dormitories and ate together in a dining room. The complex was located centrally, with access to all the sporting facilities.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [22, 28], "content_span": [29, 792]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078674-0024-0000", "contents": "1960 Winter Olympics, Venues\nThe peaks surrounding Squaw Valley were used for the alpine skiing events. The ladies' downhill and men's slalom and giant slalom were on KT-22 mountain, while the ladies' slalom and giant slalom were contested on Little Papoose Peak. Squaw Peak was the site of the men's downhill competition. Prior to the Games, concerns persisted that the courses would not meet international standards. To address these concerns, a test event was held in 1959 and the attending delegates from the International Ski Federation (FIS) left assured that the events would comply with FIS rules and specifications.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [22, 28], "content_span": [29, 624]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078674-0024-0001", "contents": "1960 Winter Olympics, Venues\nBleachers were constructed for officials, coaches and spectators, along with broadcast booths for radio and television. Papoose Peak Jumps was located on Little Papoose Peak directly opposite Blyth Memorial Arena. Designed by Heini Klopfer, the hill was innovative in that it had 40-, 60-, and 80\u2013meter jumps. Tall trees on both sides protected athletes from the wind, and it was situated so that the sun would be at the jumper's back during the competition.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [22, 28], "content_span": [29, 487]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078674-0025-0000", "contents": "1960 Winter Olympics, Venues\nMcKinney Creek Stadium was built to host all of the cross-country races, which included the biathlon and a portion of the Nordic combined competition. It consisted of a timing building, two Quonset huts for competitors and course workers, a scoreboard, and bleachers to accommodate 1,200 people. Shooting ranges were interspersed throughout the biathlon course, and were supervised by non-commissioned officers of the United States military.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [22, 28], "content_span": [29, 470]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078674-0026-0000", "contents": "1960 Winter Olympics, Venues\nSeason tickets for the Games ranged from $60 to $250, the latter included a reserved seat at the ice arena; the daily admission fee was $7.50.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [22, 28], "content_span": [29, 171]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078674-0027-0000", "contents": "1960 Winter Olympics, Venues\nBlyth Memorial Arena was the centerpiece of the Games. It hosted the opening and closing ceremonies jointly with Squaw Valley Olympic Skating Rink, and also hosted the figure skating competition, a few of the speed skating events, as well as most of the games in the hockey tournament. All three of the sports were held indoors on artificial ice for the first time in Olympic history. At full capacity, the arena accommodated 11,000 people, 8,500 of whom were seated. One end of the stadium could be opened and closed, depending on the event.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [22, 28], "content_span": [29, 571]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078674-0027-0001", "contents": "1960 Winter Olympics, Venues\nDuring the ceremonies it was open to allow for the entrance of the athletes; during the competitions it was closed to accommodate more spectators. A special machine was created to resurface the ice for all three competitions. It could lay a new ice surface on the 400-meter speed skating track in 45\u00a0minutes. In addition to resurfacing the ice, the machine created the snow dividers that delineated the racing lanes. The roof was designed on a suspension principle, using cables rather than vertical supports; this removed any visual impediments for the audience, but it weakened the strength of the roof.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [22, 28], "content_span": [29, 634]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078674-0027-0002", "contents": "1960 Winter Olympics, Venues\nGiven the amount of annual snowfall designers planned on using heat generated by the refrigeration plant to melt the snow. There were flaws in the design and miscalculations in the load the roof could bear, and during a particularly heavy snowfall in 1983, a portion of the roof collapsed and the building was subsequently demolished.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [22, 28], "content_span": [29, 363]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078674-0028-0000", "contents": "1960 Winter Olympics, Venues\nAs of 2016, three buildings from the 1960 Winter Olympics remain in Palisades Tahoe (formerly known as Squaw Valley). An expansion of the resort's village, currently in the planning stages, would see two of these buildings demolished.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [22, 28], "content_span": [29, 263]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078674-0029-0000", "contents": "1960 Winter Olympics, Participating nations\nAthletes from 30 nations competed at the 1960 Games. South Africa competed at the Winter Games for the first time; it would be the last until 1994. Athletes from West Germany (FRG) and East Germany (GDR) competed together as the United Team of Germany from 1956 to 1964. The number at the end of each country denotes the number of athletes each country sent.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [22, 43], "content_span": [44, 402]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078674-0030-0000", "contents": "1960 Winter Olympics, Medal count\nBelow is a list of nations that won medals at the Games:", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [22, 33], "content_span": [34, 90]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078674-0031-0000", "contents": "1960 Winter Olympics, Medal count\n\u2021 Since there was a tie in the men's 1,500\u00a0meter speed skating race (like in 1956), two gold medals and no silver medals were awarded.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 20], "section_span": [22, 33], "content_span": [34, 168]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078675-0000-0000", "contents": "1960 Winter Olympics medal table\nThis is the full table of the medal table of the 1960 Winter Olympics, which were held in Squaw Valley, California, United States. These rankings sort by the number of gold medals earned by a country. The number of silvers is taken into consideration next and then the number of bronze. If, after the above, countries are still tied, equal ranking is given and they are listed alphabetically. This follows the system used by the IOC, IAAF and BBC.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 32], "section_span": [32, 32], "content_span": [33, 480]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078676-0000-0000", "contents": "1960 Winter Universiade\nThe 1960 Winter Universiade, the I Winter Universiade, took place in Chamonix, France.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [23, 23], "content_span": [24, 110]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078676-0001-0000", "contents": "1960 Winter Universiade, Alpine Skiing\nMen: Slalom Gold \u2013 Walther Herwig (Switzerland) Silver \u2013 Sbynek Mohr (Czechoslovakia) Bronze \u2013 Bernard Cottet (France)", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 38], "content_span": [39, 157]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078676-0002-0000", "contents": "1960 Winter Universiade, Alpine Skiing\nMen: Giant Slalom Gold \u2013 Philippe Stern (Switzerland) Silver \u2013 Walther Herwig (Switzerland) Bronze \u2013 Klaus Herwig (Switzerland)", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 38], "content_span": [39, 166]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078676-0003-0000", "contents": "1960 Winter Universiade, Alpine Skiing\nMen: Downhill Gold \u2013 Manfred K\u00f6stinger (Austria) Silver \u2013 Walter Kutschera (Austria) Bronze \u2013 Heinz Gallob (Austria)", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 38], "content_span": [39, 155]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078676-0004-0000", "contents": "1960 Winter Universiade, Alpine Skiing\nMen: Combined Combined event is the overall standings of all disciplines on the Universiade program. Gold \u2013 Heinz Gallob (Austria) Silver \u2013 Pier Giorgio Vigliani (Italy) Bronze \u2013 Peter Lakota (Yugoslavia)", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 38], "content_span": [39, 243]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078676-0005-0000", "contents": "1960 Winter Universiade, Alpine Skiing\nWomen: Slalom Gold \u2013 C\u00e9cile Prince (France) Silver \u2013 Marie-Jos\u00e9 Dusonchet (France) Bronze \u2013 Trandl Legat (Austria)", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 38], "content_span": [39, 153]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078676-0006-0000", "contents": "1960 Winter Universiade, Alpine Skiing\nWomen: Downhill Gold \u2013 Marie-Jos\u00e9 Dusonchet (France) Silver \u2013 Gertraud Gaber (Austria) Bronze \u2013 Franca Quaglia (Italy)", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 38], "content_span": [39, 157]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078676-0007-0000", "contents": "1960 Winter Universiade, Alpine Skiing\nWomen: Combined Combined event is the overall standings of all disciplines on the Universiade program. Gold \u2013 Marie-Jos\u00e9 Dusonchet (France) Silver \u2013 C\u00e9cile Prince (France) Bronze \u2013 Gertraud Gaber (Austria)", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 38], "content_span": [39, 244]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078676-0008-0000", "contents": "1960 Winter Universiade, Nordic Skiing\nMen: 4 x 8 km Relay Gold \u2013 Soviet Union Silver \u2013 Czechoslovakia Bronze \u2013 Poland", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 38], "content_span": [39, 118]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078676-0009-0000", "contents": "1960 Winter Universiade, Nordic Skiing\nWomen: 3 x 4 km Relay Gold \u2013 Soviet Union Silver \u2013 Czechoslovakia Bronze \u2013 Poland", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 38], "content_span": [39, 120]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078676-0010-0000", "contents": "1960 Winter Universiade, Nordic Combined\nMen: Gold \u2013 Jaromir Nevlud (Czechoslovakia) Silver \u2013 Albert Larinov (Soviet Union) Bronze \u2013 Yuriy Krestov (Soviet Union)", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 40], "content_span": [41, 161]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078676-0011-0000", "contents": "1960 Winter Universiade, Ski Jumping\nMen: Small Hill - K90 Gold \u2013 Albert Larinov (Soviet Union) Silver \u2013 Jaromir Nevlud (Czechoslovakia) Bronze \u2013 Milan Rojina (Yugoslavia)", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 36], "content_span": [37, 171]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078676-0012-0000", "contents": "1960 Winter Universiade, Figure Skating\nMen: Gold \u2013 Alain Calmat (France) Silver \u2013 Nobuo Sato (Japan) Bronze \u2013 Heinrich Podhaisky (Austria)", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 39], "content_span": [40, 139]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078676-0013-0000", "contents": "1960 Winter Universiade, Figure Skating\nWomen: Gold \u2013 Jitka Hlav\u00e1\u010dkov\u00e1 (Czechoslovakia) Silver \u2013 Eva Grozajov\u00e1 (Czechoslovakia) Bronze \u2013 Helga Zollner (Hungary)", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 39], "content_span": [40, 160]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078676-0014-0000", "contents": "1960 Winter Universiade, Figure Skating\nThis winter sports-related article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by .", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 23], "section_span": [25, 39], "content_span": [40, 113]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078677-0000-0000", "contents": "1960 Wisconsin Badgers football team\nThe 1960 Wisconsin Badgers football team represented the University of Wisconsin in the 1960 Big Ten Conference football season.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [36, 36], "content_span": [37, 165]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078678-0000-0000", "contents": "1960 Wisconsin gubernatorial election\nThe 1960 Wisconsin gubernatorial election was held on November 8, 1960. Democrat Gaylord Nelson won the election with 51.5% of the vote, retaining his position as Governor of Wisconsin.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 37], "section_span": [37, 37], "content_span": [38, 223]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078679-0000-0000", "contents": "1960 Women's British Open Squash Championship\nThe 1960 Ladies Open Championships was held at the Lansdowne Club in London from 15\u201321 February 1960. Sheila Macintosh (n\u00e9e Speight) finally won the title after losing in four consecutive finals to the retired Janet Morgan. Macintosh defeated Fran Marshall in the final.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 45], "section_span": [45, 45], "content_span": [46, 316]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078679-0001-0000", "contents": "1960 Women's British Open Squash Championship, Draw and results, First round\ndenotes seed (*)Seeded players Miss M E Gowthorpe and Mrs J M Goodin both withdrew.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 45], "section_span": [47, 76], "content_span": [77, 160]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078680-0000-0000", "contents": "1960 Women's Western Open\nThe 1960 Women's Western Open was contested from June 23\u201326 at Beverly Country Club. It was the 31st edition of the Women's Western Open.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [25, 25], "content_span": [26, 163]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078680-0001-0000", "contents": "1960 Women's Western Open\nThis event was won by Joyce Ziske on the second hole of a sudden-death playoff with Barbara Romack.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 25], "section_span": [25, 25], "content_span": [26, 125]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078681-0000-0000", "contents": "1960 World 600\nThe 1960 World 600 was the inaugural running of the World 600, a NASCAR Grand National Series event. It was run on June 19, 1960 at the Charlotte Motor Speedway in Concord, North Carolina. It was NASCAR's first 600-mile race and it was the longest NASCAR race distance. Joe Lee Johnson was the winner of the inaugural race.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [14, 14], "content_span": [15, 338]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078681-0001-0000", "contents": "1960 World 600, Background\nCharlotte Motor Speedway is a motorsports complex located in Concord, North Carolina, thirteen miles from Charlotte, North Carolina. The track is a 1.5-mile (2.4\u00a0km) asphalt quad-oval track that hosts NASCAR racing including the World 600 and the National 400. The speedway broke ground in 1958 with Bruton Smith and Curtis Turner as the architects. Charlotte Motor Speedway is now operated by Speedway Motorsports.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [16, 26], "content_span": [27, 442]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078681-0002-0000", "contents": "1960 World 600, Race report\nThe race was postponed for three weeks because of construction delays. During the race, Don O'Dell's Pontiac crashed into the driver's door of Lenny Page's Chevy. Lenny Page, who was lucky to survive the crash due to the safety systems at that time, was near death afterward, but reporter Chris Economaki rushed to the scene and aided Page with CPR until safety crews arrived. He was later credited with saving Lenny's life.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [16, 27], "content_span": [28, 452]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078681-0003-0000", "contents": "1960 World 600, Race report\nCars were allowed to run dirt track style screens to protect the radiators from debris, as officials were aware of the problem before the race started. This is the only time a father and son have been disqualified in the same race. This was the last time the #89 has won in the Cup Series.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [16, 27], "content_span": [28, 317]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078681-0004-0000", "contents": "1960 World 600, Race report\nEd Markstellar and Japanese-American driver George Tet would make their stock car debuts in this race while Jim Austin, Arnold Gardner and Gene Marmor would make their finale. Johnny Wolford would run his only NASCAR Cup Series race here. Rex White would take away the championship lead from Richard Petty with his sixth-place finish as opposed to Petty finishing in 55th place due to a disqualification.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [16, 27], "content_span": [28, 432]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078681-0005-0000", "contents": "1960 World 600, Race report\nNotable crew chiefs included Louis Clements, Bud Allman, Ray Fox, Shorty Johns, Bud Moore, Mario Rossi, Dale Swanson and Paul McDuffie.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 14], "section_span": [16, 27], "content_span": [28, 163]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078682-0000-0000", "contents": "1960 World Figure Skating Championships\nThe World Figure Skating Championships is an annual figure skating competition sanctioned by the International Skating Union in which figure skaters compete for the title of World Champion.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [39, 39], "content_span": [40, 229]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078682-0001-0000", "contents": "1960 World Figure Skating Championships\nThe 1960 competitions for men, ladies, pair skating, and ice dancing took place from March 1 to 5 in Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada. It was the first time that the participants per country in each category was limited to three. This rule is kept since.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 39], "section_span": [39, 39], "content_span": [40, 297]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078683-0000-0000", "contents": "1960 World Men's Military Cup\nThe 1960 World Men's Military Cup was the fifteenth edition of the World Military Cup, the football military championship of the world. It was hosted by Oran, French Algeria. The format of competition was a championship in the final tournament.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [29, 29], "content_span": [30, 274]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078683-0001-0000", "contents": "1960 World Men's Military Cup, Final Tournament, Venues\nThe tournament was held in Stade Henri Fouques-Duparc. With a capacity of 40 000 spectators, it was at this time the biggest stadium of the French Algeria. Now it's called Stade Ahmed Zabana.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 29], "section_span": [31, 55], "content_span": [56, 247]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078684-0000-0000", "contents": "1960 World Open Snooker Championship\nThe 1960 World Open Snooker Championship was a Round-robin snooker tournament held at the Science Hall, Exhibition Grounds, Brisbane, from 6 to 17 July 1960. Fred Davis was the champion, winning all seven of his matches. The tournament received press coverage under several different names, including \"World Championship\", \"World Professional Tournament\" and \"World Snooker Tournament.\" The tournament was organised by Cecil Klingner, the president of the Queensland Snooker Association, and was sanctioned by the Billiards Association and Control Council. All matches were the best of nine frames.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [36, 36], "content_span": [37, 635]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078684-0001-0000", "contents": "1960 World Open Snooker Championship\nIn his opening match, against Frank Harris, Davis compiled a break of 123, which at the time the highest ever recorded in Australia, and remained the highest of the tournament. His later break of 102 in the tournament was the second century break ever scored in competition in Australia. During his visit to Australia he also made a 103 break during an exhibition match, that was broadcast on 18 July 1960 on the ABN show Sports Cavalcade. Davis received \u00a3750 as champion.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [36, 36], "content_span": [37, 509]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078684-0002-0000", "contents": "1960 World Open Snooker Championship\nKevin Burles defeated Frank Harris 5\u20132 in a play-off for second place.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [36, 36], "content_span": [37, 107]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078685-0000-0000", "contents": "1960 World Series\nThe 1960 World Series was played between the Pittsburgh Pirates of the National League (NL) and the New York Yankees of the American League (AL) from October 5\u201313, 1960. In Game 7, Bill Mazeroski hit the series winning ninth-inning home run, the only time a winner-take-all World Series game ended with a home run, and the first World Series to end on a home run, followed by 1993, which ended on a home run hit by Joe Carter in Game 6.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [17, 17], "content_span": [18, 454]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078685-0001-0000", "contents": "1960 World Series\nDespite losing the series, the Yankees scored 55 runs, the most runs scored by any one team in World Series history, and more than twice as many as the Pirates, who scored 27. The Yankees won three blowouts (16\u20133, 10\u20130, and 12\u20130), while the Pirates won four close games (6\u20134, 3\u20132, 5\u20132, and 10\u20139) to win the series. The Series MVP was Bobby Richardson of the Yankees, the only time in history that the award has been given to a member of the losing team, though the rules were different at this time.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [17, 17], "content_span": [18, 517]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078685-0001-0001", "contents": "1960 World Series\nVotes had to be in by the start of the 8th inning of Game 7, at which point the Yankees were in the lead, and this was the first time since the series MVP award was created in 1955 that the team leading at that point did not go on to win.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [17, 17], "content_span": [18, 256]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078685-0002-0000", "contents": "1960 World Series\nThis World Series featured seven past, present, or future league Most Valuable Players. The Pirates had two \u2013 Dick Groat (1960) and Roberto Clemente (1966) \u2013 while the Yankees had five: Yogi Berra (1951, 1954, 1955), Bobby Shantz (1952), Mickey Mantle (1956, 1957, 1962), Roger Maris (1960, 1961), and Elston Howard (1963).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [17, 17], "content_span": [18, 341]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078685-0003-0000", "contents": "1960 World Series\nThe World Championship for the Pirates was their third overall and first since 1925.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [17, 17], "content_span": [18, 102]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078685-0004-0000", "contents": "1960 World Series, Summary\nThe Yankees, winners of their 10th pennant in 12 years, outscored the Pirates 55\u201327 in this Series, out-hit them 91\u201360, out-batted them .338 to .256, hit 10 home runs to Pittsburgh's four (three of which came in Game 7), got two complete-game shutouts from Whitey Ford\u2014and lost. The Pirates' inconsistent pitching and Stengel's controversial decision not to start Ford in Games 1 and 4 resulted in the peculiar combination of close games and routs. Ford (Games 3 and 6) and Vern Law (Games 1 and 4) were excellent, while Pirates relief pitcher Roy Face was a major factor in Games 1, 4 and 5.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 26], "content_span": [27, 619]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078685-0005-0000", "contents": "1960 World Series, Summary\nNL Pittsburgh Pirates (4) vs. AL New York Yankees (3)", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 26], "content_span": [27, 80]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078685-0006-0000", "contents": "1960 World Series, Matchups, Game 1\nThe Yankees threw Art Ditmar against the Pirates' Vern Law (the NL Cy Young Award winner) in Game 1. In the top of the first inning, New York right fielder Roger Maris, the eventual 1960 AL MVP, drilled a home run off Law to give the Yankees a 1\u20130 lead. In the bottom half, however, the Pirates evened the score when Bill Virdon walked, stole second, advanced to third on an error by shortstop Tony Kubek, and scored on a double by eventual National League Most Valuable Player Dick Groat. Bob Skinner then singled to drive in Groat and stole second, coming home on a single by Roberto Clemente. Pittsburgh now led 3\u20131. This was enough to compel Casey Stengel, the Yankee manager, to pull Ditmar in favor of Jim Coates, who finished the inning.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 35], "content_span": [36, 780]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078685-0007-0000", "contents": "1960 World Series, Matchups, Game 1\nIn the fourth, New York cut the lead to one run when Maris singled, moved to second on a Mickey Mantle walk, took third on a fly out by Yogi Berra, and scored on a single by Bill Skowron. But the Pirates extended their lead to 5\u20132 in the fourth when Don Hoak walked and Bill Mazeroski homered.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 35], "content_span": [36, 329]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078685-0007-0001", "contents": "1960 World Series, Matchups, Game 1\nPittsburgh added an insurance run in the sixth when Mazeroski doubled with one out and scored on Virdon's double off Duke Maas, and although the Yankees cut the lead in half on a ninth-inning 2-run home run to right field by Elston Howard, reliever Roy Face successfully closed it out to give the Pirates a 6\u20134 victory and a 1\u20130 series lead.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 35], "content_span": [36, 377]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078685-0008-0000", "contents": "1960 World Series, Matchups, Game 2\nGame 2, matching New York's Bob Turley against the Pirates' Bob Friend, saw the Yankees pummel Pittsburgh 16\u20133.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 35], "content_span": [36, 147]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078685-0009-0000", "contents": "1960 World Series, Matchups, Game 2\nThe game was scoreless until the top of the third, when the Yankees jumped out to a 2\u20130 lead. Second baseman Bobby Richardson walked, was sacrificed over to second by Turley, and scored on a single by Tony Kubek. Gil McDougald then doubled, plating Kubek all the way from first base. Turley aided his own cause with an RBI single in the fourth, driving home Richardson, who had singled and moved to second on a passed ball. Although Hoak doubled home Gino Cimoli in the bottom of the fourth to break the shutout, the Yankees extended their lead to 5\u20131 courtesy of a two-run home run by Mantle off Fred Green.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 35], "content_span": [36, 644]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078685-0010-0000", "contents": "1960 World Series, Matchups, Game 2\nIn the sixth, the solid Yankee lead turned into a rout. Elston Howard hit a lead-off triple and scored on Bobby Richardson's double to chase Green from the game. Clem Labine replaced Green. A passed ball by Smoky Burgess and error by shortstop Dick Groat on Tony Kubek's ground ball put runners on first and third with one out before McDougald's RBI single made it 7\u20131 Yankees. After a walk and strikeout, Yogi Berra's two-run single and Bill Skowron's RBI single made it 10\u20131 Yankees.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 35], "content_span": [36, 521]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078685-0010-0001", "contents": "1960 World Series, Matchups, Game 2\nRed Witt relieved Labine and allowed back-to-back RBI singles to Howard and Richardson that made it 12\u20131 Yankees. Mantle continued the onslaught by blasting a three-run home run in the seventh off Joe Gibbon and scoring on a wild pitch by Tom Cheney in the ninth after walking and moving to third on a double, making it 16\u20131 Yankees. Although the Pirates tacked on two runs in the bottom half of the frame on back-to-back RBI singles by Gino Cimoli and Smoky Burgess, Bobby Shantz relieved Turley and got Don Hoak to hit into the game-ending double play. This decisive Yankee victory tied the series at a game apiece.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 35], "content_span": [36, 653]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078685-0011-0000", "contents": "1960 World Series, Matchups, Game 3\nFor Game 3, the Series shifted to Yankee Stadium as Stengel sent Whitey Ford to the mound against Pittsburgh's Vinegar Bend Mizell. Ford had somewhat of an off year (12\u20139, 3.08 ERA and 192.2 IP) for his lofty standards, but was brilliant against the Pirates.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 35], "content_span": [36, 294]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078685-0012-0000", "contents": "1960 World Series, Matchups, Game 3\nThe Yankees continued the offensive onslaught they displayed in Game 2, grabbing a 6\u20130 lead by the end of the first inning. Mizell would only get one batter out. After two singles, Bill Skowron drove in the first run with an RBI single. After a walk loaded the bases, Elston Howard added another run with an RBI single off Clem Labine before Bobby Richardson capped the scoring with a grand slam (during the regular season, Richardson had hit only one home run, off Baltimore's Arnie Portocarrero on April 30).", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 35], "content_span": [36, 546]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078685-0012-0001", "contents": "1960 World Series, Matchups, Game 3\nIn the fourth, the Bombers added on four more runs, courtesy of a two-run home run by Mickey Mantle off Fred Green and, after three singles loaded the bases, a two-run single by Richardson off Red Witt. The Pirates, meanwhile, simply could not get anything going against Ford, who tossed a masterful four-hitter. The Yankees now led the series 2\u20131.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 35], "content_span": [36, 384]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078685-0013-0000", "contents": "1960 World Series, Matchups, Game 4\nThe Pirates had seen their pitching fail them in the last two games, as the team fell victim to the powerful Yankee bats. This was not the case in Game 4, however, as Pittsburgh sent Game 1 winner Vern Law to the hill against Ralph Terry.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 35], "content_span": [36, 274]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078685-0014-0000", "contents": "1960 World Series, Matchups, Game 4\nThe game was scoreless until the bottom of the fourth, when Bill Skowron launched a home run off Law to give New York a 1\u20130 advantage. The very next half-inning, though, Pittsburgh stormed back, when with two on and two outs, Law doubled in Gino Cimoli to tie the game and Bill Virdon's two-run single put the Pirates up 3\u20131.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 35], "content_span": [36, 361]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078685-0014-0001", "contents": "1960 World Series, Matchups, Game 4\nLaw kept the potent pinstripers at bay, though the Yankees did scratch and claw for a single run in the bottom of the seventh when Skowron doubled, moved to third on a single by McDougald, and scored on a fielder's choice on a ball hit by Richardson. After a pinch-hit single by Johnny Blanchard, Pirate manager Danny Murtaugh brought in reliever Roy Face, who held the fort for the final 2+2\u20443 innings as Pittsburgh tied the series at two games apiece to ensure a return to Forbes Field.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 35], "content_span": [36, 524]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078685-0015-0000", "contents": "1960 World Series, Matchups, Game 5\nWith the series now tied at two, Yankee manager Casey Stengel started pitcher Art Ditmar, his Game 1 starter (in which he was ineffective), against the Pirates' Harvey Haddix, who had become famous for taking a perfect game into the thirteenth inning in a loss to the Milwaukee Braves the previous year.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 35], "content_span": [36, 339]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078685-0016-0000", "contents": "1960 World Series, Matchups, Game 5\nAs it turned out, on this day Ditmar could not get out of the second inning once again. Dick Stuart singled and was forced out at second by Gino Cimoli, who then moved to third on a double by Smoky Burgess. Don Hoak then slapped a ground ball toward Yankee shortstop Tony Kubek, who flipped it to third baseman Gil McDougald in an attempt to retire Burgess, who was attempting to advance. However, McDougald dropped the ball for an error (Kubek's toss was accurate), allowing Cimoli to score, Burgess safe at third, and Hoak reaching second on the error. Bill Mazeroski then lashed a double to left, scoring Burgess and Hoak. After this offensive outburst, Stengel yanked Ditmar and replaced him with Luis Arroyo, who finally ended the inning and stranded Mazeroski.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 35], "content_span": [36, 802]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078685-0017-0000", "contents": "1960 World Series, Matchups, Game 5\nThe next half-inning, New York picked up a run when Elston Howard doubled, moved to third on a ground-out by Bobby Richardson, and scored on another grounder by Kubek. However, the Pirates extended their lead back to three runs in the third, when Roberto Clemente singled home Groat, who led off with a double.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 35], "content_span": [36, 346]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078685-0018-0000", "contents": "1960 World Series, Matchups, Game 5\nIn the bottom of the third, Roger Maris touched Haddix for a home run to deep right field. Otherwise, however, the Pittsburgh hurler was in fine form, holding the Yankees at bay until the seventh, when he was replaced by Face. In the ninth, the Pirates added an insurance run off Ryne Duren when Hoak singled in Joe Christopher (pinch runner for Smoky Burgess, who had singled and taken second on an error), who had moved to third on a wild pitch. Face then shut down the Yankees once again to give the Pirates a 5\u20132 victory and 3\u20132 series lead.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 35], "content_span": [36, 581]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078685-0019-0000", "contents": "1960 World Series, Matchups, Game 6\nFor the sixth contest in Pittsburgh, the Yankees started Whitey Ford against the Pirates' Bob Friend. And as was the case the last time Ford had toed the rubber for the Yanks in Game 3, his teammates relentlessly mashed the ball, en route to a resounding 12\u20130 victory.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 35], "content_span": [36, 304]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078685-0020-0000", "contents": "1960 World Series, Matchups, Game 6\nIn the top of the second, the Yankees went to work. After a Yogi Berra walk and a Bill Skowron single, Elston Howard was hit by a pitch to load the bases (Eli Grba ran for him). Ford himself then notched the first RBI of the game, with a ground ball single to his counterpart Friend that scored Berra. The next inning, after a lead-off hit-by-pitch and double, Mantle cracked a two-run single that scored Tony Kubek and Roger Maris.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 35], "content_span": [36, 468]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078685-0020-0001", "contents": "1960 World Series, Matchups, Game 6\nAfter a Yogi Berra single moved Mantle to third, Pirates skipper Danny Murtaugh removed the clearly ineffective Friend in favor of Tom Cheney. Cheney, however, fared no better, as a Bill Skowron sacrifice fly scored Mantle and after a single, a triple to deep left field by Richardson scored Berra and Johnny Blanchard, making the score 6\u20130.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 35], "content_span": [36, 377]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078685-0021-0000", "contents": "1960 World Series, Matchups, Game 6\nThe Yankees then ran away with the game, scoring two runs in each of the sixth, seventh, and eighth innings. In the sixth, Clete Boyer hit a lead-off triple off Fred Green and scored on Kubek's single. After another single, Berra's RBI single off Clem Labine made it 8\u20130 Yankees. Next inning, after a lead-off double by Blanchard, Richardson ripped his second RBI triple of the contest, and Ford added his second RBI courtesy of a fielder's choice on a sacrifice bunt.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 35], "content_span": [36, 504]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078685-0021-0001", "contents": "1960 World Series, Matchups, Game 6\nIn the eighth, Berra hit an RBI single with a runner on second, and later scored on Blanchard's double. As in Game 3, Ford was his masterful self, not letting the Pirates mount anything resembling a rally for the full nine innings.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 35], "content_span": [36, 267]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078685-0021-0002", "contents": "1960 World Series, Matchups, Game 6\nHis second shutout of the series was critical, as it forced Game 7. Manager Casey Stengel, though, came under some fire particularly later from Mickey Mantle in his autobiography for letting Ford finish this game instead of removing him once the Yankees had a comfortable lead, and thus, keeping him available out of the bullpen if needed in Game 7.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 35], "content_span": [36, 385]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078685-0022-0000", "contents": "1960 World Series, Matchups, Game 7\nFor the deciding seventh game, Bob Turley, the winning pitcher in Game 2, got the nod for the Yankees against the Pirates' Vern Law, the winning pitcher in Games 1 and 4.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 35], "content_span": [36, 206]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078685-0023-0000", "contents": "1960 World Series, Matchups, Game 7\nTurley lasted only one inning plus one batter. After retiring the first two batters, Turley walked Bob Skinner, then first baseman Rocky Nelson homered, Pittsburgh's first home run since Bill Mazeroski's in Game 1, to give the Pirates a 2\u20130 lead. Turley was then pulled after giving up a single to Smoky Burgess leading off the second. Don Hoak then drew a walk against Bill Stafford, and a bunt single by Mazeroski loaded the bases. Stafford appeared to get the Yankees out of trouble after inducing Law to hit into a double play, pitcher to catcher to first. But lead-off man Bill Virdon's single to right scored Hoak and Mazeroski and increased the Pirates' lead to 4\u20130.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 35], "content_span": [36, 709]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078685-0024-0000", "contents": "1960 World Series, Matchups, Game 7\nThe Yankees got on the board in the fifth on Bill Skowron's lead-off home run, his second of the Series. In the sixth, Bobby Richardson led off with a single and Tony Kubek drew a walk. Elroy Face relieved Law and got Roger Maris to pop out to Hoak in foul territory, but Mickey Mantle singled to score Richardson. Yogi Berra followed with a three-run shot to right that gave the Yankees their first lead, 5\u20134.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 35], "content_span": [36, 446]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078685-0025-0000", "contents": "1960 World Series, Matchups, Game 7\nThe Yankees extended their lead to 7\u20134 in the eighth. With two out, Berra walked, and Skowron singled when the Pirates couldn't get a force-out. Johnny Blanchard (who had replaced Elston Howard at catcher for game 7) then singled to score Berra, and Clete Boyer doubled to score Skowron.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 35], "content_span": [36, 323]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078685-0026-0000", "contents": "1960 World Series, Matchups, Game 7\nBut the Pirates retook the lead with a 5-run eighth inning. Gino Cimoli (pinch-hitting for Face) led off with a single, and Virdon hit a ground ball to short for what could have been a double play. But the ball instead took a bad hop and hit Kubek in the throat, leaving everybody safe and causing Kubek to leave the game.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 35], "content_span": [36, 358]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078685-0026-0001", "contents": "1960 World Series, Matchups, Game 7\nDick Groat then chased Bobby Shantz (who had entered the game in the third and had pitched five innings, having not pitched more than four in any game during the regular season) with a single to score Cimoli and send Virdon to second. Jim Coates relieved Shantz and got Skinner out on a sacrifice bunt, which moved the runners up. Nelson followed with a fly ball to right, and Virdon declined to challenge Maris' throwing arm.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 35], "content_span": [36, 462]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078685-0026-0002", "contents": "1960 World Series, Matchups, Game 7\nCoates then got two quick strikes on Roberto Clemente and was a strike away from getting the Yankees out of their most serious trouble of the afternoon, when Clemente hit a Baltimore chop towards first; first baseman Skowron and Coates both tried to get to the ball at the same time, and Clemente's speed forced Skowron to just hold the ball as Coates could not make it to first base in time to cover. The high chopper allowed Virdon to score, cutting the Yankee lead to 7\u20136. Hal Smith, who had replaced Smoky Burgess at catcher after being pinch-ran for by Joe Christopher followed with a three-run home run to give the Pirates a 9\u20137 lead. Game 4 loser Ralph Terry relieved Coates and got the last out.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 35], "content_span": [36, 739]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078685-0027-0000", "contents": "1960 World Series, Matchups, Game 7\nBob Friend, an 18-game winner for the Pirates and their starter (and loser) in Games 2 and 6, came on in the ninth to try to protect the lead. Bobby Richardson and pinch-hitter Dale Long both greeted him with singles, and Pirates manager Danny Murtaugh was forced to remove the veteran pitcher in favor of Harvey Haddix. Although he got Roger Maris to foul out, Haddix gave up a key single to Mickey Mantle that scored Richardson and moved Long to third. Yogi Berra followed, hitting a sharp grounder to first, with Rocky Nelson easily getting the second out.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 35], "content_span": [36, 595]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078685-0027-0001", "contents": "1960 World Series, Matchups, Game 7\nIn what, at the moment, appeared to be a monumental play, Mantle, seeing he had no chance to beat a play at second, faked a step toward second base and then dove head-first back to first, narrowly avoiding Nelson's tag (which would have been the third out) as Gil McDougald (pinch-running for Long) raced home to tie the game at 9-9. Had Mantle been out on the play, the run would likely not have counted since the play happened so quickly that the runner on third might not have crossed the plate before the out was recorded. With Mantle safe, the inning continued, but ended when Bill Skowron hit into a force play.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 35], "content_span": [36, 653]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078685-0028-0000", "contents": "1960 World Series, Matchups, Game 7\nRalph Terry returned to the mound in the bottom of the ninth. The first batter to face him was Bill Mazeroski. With a count of one ball and no strikes, the Pirates' second baseman smashed a historic long drive over the left field wall (left fielder Berra had no chance to catch it despite following it to the wall), winning the game 10\u20139 and crowning the Pirates as World Series champions. As the Pirates erupted, the Yankees stood across the field in stunned disbelief.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 35], "content_span": [36, 506]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078685-0028-0001", "contents": "1960 World Series, Matchups, Game 7\nThe improbable champions were outscored, out-hit, and outplayed, but somehow had managed to pull out a Game 7 victory. Years later, Mickey Mantle was quoted in Ken Burns' documentary Baseball as saying that losing the 1960 series was the only loss, amateur or professional, he cried actual tears over. For Bill Mazeroski, by contrast, his Series-clinching home run was the highlight of a Hall of Fame career otherwise notable mostly for excellent defense.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 35], "content_span": [36, 491]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078685-0029-0000", "contents": "1960 World Series, Matchups, Game 7\nMazeroski became the first player to hit a game-ending home run in Game 7 to win a World Series. Thirty-three years later, Joe Carter would become the only other player to end the World Series with a home run, doing so for the Toronto Blue Jays in the 1993 World Series against the Pirates' in-state rivals, the Philadelphia Phillies, albeit in Game 6. Although most noted for the series-ending homer, Game 7 is also the only game in all of postseason history with no strikeouts recorded by either side. The Giants in the 2002 World Series failed to strike out an Angels batter in Game 2, but the Angels' pitching staff struck out eight Giants.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 35], "content_span": [36, 680]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078685-0030-0000", "contents": "1960 World Series, Matchups, Game 7\nBobby Richardson of the Yankees was named MVP of the Series, the only time someone from the losing team has been so honored.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 35], "content_span": [36, 160]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078685-0031-0000", "contents": "1960 World Series, Matchups, Game 7, Game 7 telecast\nPrior to the mid-1970s, television networks and stations generally did not preserve their telecasts of sporting events, choosing instead to tape over them. As a result, the broadcasts of the first six games are no longer known to exist. The lone exception is a black-and-white kinescope of the entire telecast of Game 7, which was discovered in a wine cellar in Bing Crosby's former home in Hillsborough, California in December 2009.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 52], "content_span": [53, 486]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078685-0032-0000", "contents": "1960 World Series, Matchups, Game 7, Game 7 telecast\nA part-owner of the Pirates who was too superstitious to watch the Series live, Crosby listened to the decisive contest with his wife Kathryn and two friends on a shortwave radio in Paris, France. Wanting to watch the game at a later date only if the Pirates won, he arranged for the telecast to be recorded by Ampex, in which he also held a financial investment. After viewing the kinescope, he placed it in his wine cellar, where it sat untouched for 49 years. It was finally found by Robert Bader, vice-president of marketing and production for Bing Crosby Enterprises, while looking through videotapes of Crosby's television specials which were to be transferred to DVD. The five-reel set is the only known complete copy of the historic game, which was originally broadcast in color.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 52], "content_span": [53, 840]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078685-0033-0000", "contents": "1960 World Series, Matchups, Game 7, Game 7 telecast\nThe NBC television announcers for the Series were Bob Prince and Mel Allen, the primary play-by-play voices for the Pirates and Yankees respectively. Prince called the first half of Game 7 and conducted post-game interviews in the Pittsburgh clubhouse, while Allen did the latter portion of the game.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 52], "content_span": [53, 353]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078685-0034-0000", "contents": "1960 World Series, 50th anniversary celebrations\nOn October 13, 2010, for the 50th anniversary of the series winning home run, a gala was hosted by the Byham Theater in downtown Pittsburgh, where the historic telecast of Game 7 was re-aired in its entirety. Bill Virdon, 1960 MVP Dick Groat and Yankee Bobby Richardson were guest speakers, with actor and Pittsburgh native Jeff Goldblum hosting the event. The MLB Network would air the game and gala on December 15, 2010. The telecast was also released on DVD by A&E Home Video.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 48], "content_span": [49, 528]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078685-0035-0000", "contents": "1960 World Series, Composite box\n1960 World Series (4\u20133): Pittsburgh Pirates (N.L.) over New York Yankees (A.L.)", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 32], "content_span": [33, 112]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078685-0036-0000", "contents": "1960 World Series, Aftermath\nThis would prove to be Casey Stengel's last World Series, as the Yankee club soon sent him into retirement. This led to his famous remark, \"I'll never make the mistake of turning 70 again.\" Mazeroski and Clemente were the last two remaining Pirate players from the 1960 World Series winners along with manager Danny Murtaugh and third-base coach Frank Oceak, when the Pirates won the World Series in 1971.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 28], "content_span": [29, 434]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078685-0037-0000", "contents": "1960 World Series, Aftermath\nTo date, this is the last championship in any of the four major sports to be won in Pittsburgh by the home team, as the Pirates' two subsequent World Series championships in 1971 and 1979, both against the Baltimore Orioles, were clinched at Memorial Stadium. The Pittsburgh Penguins have won all five of their Stanley Cup titles on the road, and the Pittsburgh Steelers have won all six of their Super Bowl championships at neutral sites, as customary in the NFL.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 17], "section_span": [19, 28], "content_span": [29, 493]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078686-0000-0000", "contents": "1960 World Sportscar Championship\nThe 1960 World Sportscar Championship season was the eighth season of the FIA World Sportscar Championship. It was a series for sportscars that ran in many worldwide endurance events. It ran from 31 January 1960 to 26 June 1960, and comprised five races. The 1000 km Buenos Aires returned to the calendar at the expense of the RAC Tourist Trophy, which formed part of the inaugural FIA GT Cup.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [33, 33], "content_span": [34, 427]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078686-0001-0000", "contents": "1960 World Sportscar Championship, Season\nThe championship still comprised five qualifying rounds, but what rounds they were; the 1000 km Buenos Aires the 12 Hours of Sebring, the Targa Florio, the N\u00fcrburgring 1000 km, with the 24 Hours of Le Mans being the final round.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 41], "content_span": [42, 270]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078686-0002-0000", "contents": "1960 World Sportscar Championship, Season\nWith reigning champion, Aston Martin works cars not returning to defend their title, this left the door wide open for Scuderia Ferrari to reclaim the title. This wasn\u2019t to be plain sailing as the nearest rivals turned out to be the smaller Porsches. The Italian manufacturer started stronger with Phil Hill and Cliff Allison taking the spoils in Argentina.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 41], "content_span": [42, 398]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078686-0002-0001", "contents": "1960 World Sportscar Championship, Season\nNext was the annual trip to Florida, for the 12 Hours of Sebring, however the factory Ferrari and Porsche were not present because of the rule change by the FIA, allowing the organisers to permit use of only certain brands of fuel, As a result, the race was between privateers with works-backed drivers, with Porsche coming out on top. The mid-way point of the championship, saw the cars return to Europe for the Targa Florio. The twisty mountains roads of Sicily favoured the more agile car, like the Porsche which duly took the victory.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 41], "content_span": [42, 580]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078686-0003-0000", "contents": "1960 World Sportscar Championship, Season\nThe championship then into moved into West Germany, the annual trip to the N\u00fcrburgring Nordschleife. To the surprise of everyone, the spoils went to an American team, Camoradi/USA Racing Team, whose Maserati was driven by Stirling Moss and Dan Gurney. This result meant, going into the final round, the only way Ferrari could stop Porsche winning the title was to win the 24 Hours of Le Mans, and that was exactly what they did.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 41], "content_span": [42, 470]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078686-0004-0000", "contents": "1960 World Sportscar Championship, Season results, Championship\n\u2020 - Ferrari declared the champion from tie breaker of more points having two 3rd-place finishes to Porsche's one.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 63], "content_span": [64, 177]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078686-0005-0000", "contents": "1960 World Sportscar Championship, The cars\nThe following models contributed to the net championship point scores of their respective manufacturers.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 33], "section_span": [35, 43], "content_span": [44, 148]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078687-0000-0000", "contents": "1960 Writers Guild of America strike\nThe 1960 Writers Guild of America strike was a labor dispute held by both Writers Guilds of America (WGAW and WGAE), against the Association of Motion Picture Producers. It lasted for 146 days (from January 16 until June 10, 1960, with network writers joining mid-March, although an agreement between the involved parties was signed two days later after the strike), making it the second longest strike ever held by both unions by just one week less than the 1988 writers strike. This dispute was meant to raise concerns about broadcast royalties for films that air on television.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [36, 36], "content_span": [37, 617]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078687-0001-0000", "contents": "1960 Writers Guild of America strike\nFor a time, the actors were on strike at the same time, but they had returned to work before the writers reached a compromise with the film companies.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [36, 36], "content_span": [37, 187]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078687-0002-0000", "contents": "1960 Writers Guild of America strike\nSeven of the ten major studios have reached an agreement:", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [36, 36], "content_span": [37, 94]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078687-0003-0000", "contents": "1960 Writers Guild of America strike\nThe tenth, Universal International, had reached an agreement before the strike began. The settlement included having the studios pay into the writers' pension and health funds in the amount of $600,000. They also agreed to give 5% of the studio's income from pre-1960 movies that air on television. On post-1960 movies, writers got 2% of income. If the film was shown on pay TV, they would not receive additional income. The minimum rates were also increased to $350 a week and writers would get a 10% raise for the first two years and then 5% for the next year and a half.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [36, 36], "content_span": [37, 610]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078687-0004-0000", "contents": "1960 Writers Guild of America strike\nFor television writers, minimum wages increased 100 percent for the first two years and 100 for the next two. Writers for low-budget half-hour shows would get $935 instead of $850. High budget writers would get $1,200 instead of $1,100. Writers would get a 4% royalty domestically and internationally on all reruns \"in perpetuity\". In the past, writers were paid on only the first five domestic reruns (they got 140% of their minimum pay scale for that). They also agreed to create a health and welfare fund.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 36], "section_span": [36, 36], "content_span": [37, 545]}}
{"id": "enwiki-00078688-0000-0000", "contents": "1960 Wyoming Cowboys football team\nThe 1960 Wyoming Cowboys football team represented the University of Wyoming in the 1960 NCAA University Division football season. The Cowboys offense scored 212 points while the defense allowed 71 points. Led by head coach Bob Devaney, the Cowboys finished the season with eight wins and two losses. Running back Jerry Hill was in his final season and finished his Cowboys career with 1,374 rushing yards on 288 carries.", "metadata": {"title_span": [0, 34], "section_span": [34, 34], "content_span": [35, 456]}}